★★★ ＜第 21 回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第 10 回英文和訳】＞ ★★★
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問１ ***START***から***END***までを和訳してください。
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1. A process for bending glass sheets, wherein the glass sheets are part of a compositionof a laminate, the process comprising:raising the temperature until the sheets soften;
shaping the sheets, wherein after the shaping, the sheets are cooled rapidly to atemperature at most equal to that of a glass transition range thereof, wherein thecooling is carried out in a controlled temperature atmosphere with forced convection
treating the two faces of the sheets exposed to the atmosphere; andensuring a uniform temperature over the entire area of the sheets, not including
optionally the edges of the sheets if the sheets are in contact with a support during thecooling.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling of the sheets takes the sheets
to a temperature substantially below the glass transition temperature, the sheets thenbeing heated to close to the glass transition temperature range for a relaxation of thestresses introduced in the preceding cooling operation, the heating being followed by anew cooling operation.
3. A laminated glazing unit, comprising glass sheets, wherein the glass sheets aresubjected, during the shaping thereof, to the process as claimed in claim 1.
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問２ ***START***から***END***までを和訳してください。
***START***[0002]

Soaps representing salts of fatty acids with alkali are a mainstay for many skincleansers. When properly formulated they provide rich and creamy lather together withexcellent rinsability and squeaky clean perception. However soap-based compositions
are relatively harsh to the skin with tight skin feel, have problems with stability inliquid form and do not foam well in hard water and form lime soap upon rinsing.
[0003] In order to address these issues various surfactants, polymers and solvents havebeen added to the soaps since decades. Although some of the major problematic issues
could be resolved in this way, the composition cost is usually increased due to theadditional ingredients. Also very often the improvement of one property impairs
another one. For example the addition of high concentration of surfactants may increase
the product mildness and the foaminess, especially in hard water, but could deteriorate
the foam creaminess and the product rinsability. Similarly the addition of high amountof polymers, especially cationic ones, may increase the foam creaminess and the productmildness and stability, but will affect also the product rinsability and the wet skinafterfeel.
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問３ ***START***から***END***までを和訳してください。
***START***
According to another embodiment of this invention, a process of manufacture ofmelphalan comprises the following steps, preferably, but not necessarily, in order: (a)reacting 4-amino-L-phenylalanine with ethylene oxide at essentially ambient or room
temperature, preferably at a temperature in the range of from about 20°C. to about
40°C.; (b) isolating and optionally purifying crude
4-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-L-phenylalanine; (c) esterifying
4-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-L-phenylalanine refluxing with lower alkyl alcohols,
preferably n-C1-6, to produce the corresponding alkyl ester; (d) chlorinating
4-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-L-phenylalanine alkyl ester to produce
4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-L-phenylalanine alkyl ester at a temperature essentiallyelevated from ambient, preferably at a temperature in the range of from about 50°C. toabout 90°C.; (e) hydrolyzing 4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-L-phenylalanine alkyl ester at
a reflux temperature of about 100°C. to produce
4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-L-phenylalanine melphalan; and (f) optionally purifying,isolating, and/or drying the melphalan obtained in step (e) at a temperature essentiallyelevated from ambient, preferably at a temperature in the range of from about 35°C. toabout 60°C.
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問４ ***START***から***END***までを和訳してください。
***START***
Example 1
Preparation of Chemically Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (50 mg) were added to a 50 mL beaker andmixed with 5.0 g of ammonium persulfate (98%) and 15.0 mL of a 1.0 M H 2 SO 4 (98%)
aqueous solution by stirring with a magnetic stir plate at room temperature for 48 h.
The reaction mixture was transferred into two 15 mL plastic centrifuge tubes andcentrifuged at 8,500 rpm for 2 min. The supernatant became clear and was removed.
The product was washed with water 5 times using centrifugation to collect thenanotubes. The time required to centrifuge the nanotubes increased with each wash,indicating that the size of the nanotubes was in the nanometer range. The final
centrifugation required 60 min. The chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes weredispersed in water so well that they were not spun down by centrifuging at 12,500 rpm
for 20 min. The final product was near neutral (pH=6.0) and was dried by lyophilizationfor 24 h. The dried carbon nanotubes were readily dispersed in water.
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