Radiation Environment and Medicine 2024 Vol.13, No.1 35–43

ReportMeeting Report on “The 9th Educational Symposium on Radiationand Health by Young Scientists (ESRAH 2022)”
Hiroki Hashimoto1, Ryo Nakayama 2, Haruka Kuwata1, Worawat Poltabtim1, Ryosuke Seino3,
Reima Fukuda3, Khemruthai Kheamsiri1, Radhia Pradana1, Yuki Oda1, Mizuki Kiso1, Aoi Sampei1,
Chutima Kranrod4, Hironori Yoshino1, Yusuke Matsuya5 and Masahiro Hosoda1, 4*
Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki University,
66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan2
Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki University,
66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
3
Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
4
Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
5
Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
1

Received 25 October; revised 14 December; accepted 22 December

To prompt precise understanding of radiation effects for young scientists, the 9th Educational
Symposium on Radiation and Health by Young Scientists (ESRAH 2022) was held online on
December 3 – 4, 2022. The number of participants of the ESRAH 2022 was 54 who studied various
radiation research contents, such as radiation measurement, physics, biology, and therapy. Thissymposium featured four educational lectures by researchers from Thailand, Indonesia, Hungary,and Japan and 23 short presentations by young researchers and students. Due to the COVID-19
disaster, the ESRAH 2022 was forced to be held online; however, this year we could continuously
provide a chance for communicating the latest research outcomes each other without any fatal
troubles during online meeting. In this meeting report, we provide the organizing procedure foronline holding during the COVID-19, and summarize the contents of Educational Lectures andShort Presentations. These would provide an approach holding international symposiums undera possible pandemic in the future but also present recent development of radiation research byyoung scientists.
Key words: ESRAH, radiation research, online meeting, troubleshooting

1. Background of this symposium
Japan has experienced several severe radiation
accidents1-7). Among them, the Fukushima Dai-ichi: nuclear
accident, that was classified as one of severe accidents on*Masahiro Hosoda: Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health
Science, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
E-mail: m_hosoda@hirosaki-u.ac.jp
https://doi.org/10.51083/radiatenvironmed.13.1_35
Copyright © 2024 by Hirosaki University. All rights reserved.

the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale(INES) as high as 7, along with the Chernobyl accident,
has drawn our interest in radiation effects, but has also
caused great anxiety. The post-accident investigations,Japanʼs nuclear emergency response guidelines, andthe upcoming release of Advanced Liquid Processing
System (ALPS) treated water into the ocean will increase
the demand for personnel with precise knowledge ofradiation effects7-9). Therefore, young researchers andstudents must have opportunities to deepen and broaden

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Hiroki Hashimoto et al. / Radiation Environment and Medicine 2024 Vol.13, No.1 35–43

Fig. 1. Schedule of operation.

their knowledge.
From such background, Prof. Kashiwakuraʼs lab andProf. Dateʼs one have been conducting annual exchanging
meeting between Hirosaki University and Hokkaido
University since 2008, focusing on the education of theyounger generation. Since 2014, to make the exchanging
meeting more activate, it has been renamed “Educational
Symposium in Radiation and Health by Young Scientists(ESRAH)”. To date, the ESRAH conference has been held
eight times10-14). ESRAH used to be alternately and locallyheld at Hirosaki University and Hokkaido University;
however, we had to hold the ESRAH online since the
7th ESRAH due to the disaster of coronavirus infection(COVID-19).
The 9th ESRAH in 2022 was also held online, that iscomposed of four educational lectures by researchers forvarious research fields and a lot of short presentations
by young scientists. The organizing committee of thesymposium was conducted by in-person meetings
so far, and the ESRAH in 2020 and 2021 have beensuccessfully held online and provided the changes todiscuss the recent research by young scientists. This
yearʼs symposium was held entirely online, using various
tools from the kickoff to the preparation and organizing
committee meetings, which caused various problems
such as the difficulty of communication among organizing
committee members, the problems with the chat function,and the problem with sharing presentation slides during
the symposium. Taking advantage of this experience,
this report summarizes the procedure how to organize
the conference online and the method how to solve theproblem that arose.
In this report, we provide the organizing procedure foronline holding during the COVID-19, and summarize thecontents of Educational Lectures and Short Presentations.
These would provide the efficient procedure to hold aninternational symposium under a possible pandemic in the
future but also present recent development of radiation
research by young scientists.

Fig. 2. Poster used to announce ESRAH 2022.

2. Registration & meeting method
Considering the situation of COVID-19 in Japan, the 9th
ESRAH was decided to be held entirely online. With
the support by advisor y members of ESRAH, graduate
students were responsible for most of the planningand organization of the symposium. The organizationcommittee for the symposium held all of their meetings
online to prepare for the symposium. The committee held
its meetings using Microsoftʼs Teams videoconferencing
tool, created a Google account for the ESRAH 2022
Steering Committee, and made full use of the ser vices
provided by Google. Google Drive, an online data storage
service provided by Google, was used to create and sharematerials. Gmail, Googleʼs webmail ser vice, was used toHiroki Hashimoto et al. / Radiation Environment and Medicine 2024 Vol.13, No.1 35–43

37

Table 1. List of educational lectures
No.
I
II

Title
Biological dosimetry for emergency preparedness andresponse in Thailand
New possibilities for the development of the radionuclide
atmospheric dispersion model

III

Biophysical Modelling of Radiation Responses after
Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Based on the PHITS
Code and the IMK Model

IV

Initiating National Dosimetric Radiotherapy Treatment
Verification in Indonesia

Presenter

Affiliation

Country

Dr. Issariya Chairam

Office of Atoms for Peace

ThailandDr. Tibor Kovács

University of Pannonia

Hungary

Dr. Yusuke Matsuya

Hokkaido University

Japan

Dr. Heru Prasetio

Center for Safety, Metrology andNuclear Quality Technology, Nuclear
Energy Research Organization,
National Research and Innovation
AgencyIndonesia

respond to questions from participants, to communicate
with them about the symposium, and to distributethe program. Abstracts and presentation slides foreducational lecture and short presentation participants
were submitted using Google Forms, Googleʼs form
creation tool.
In 2022, the third year since the spread of COVID-19,
most people had experience with many online platforms
for lectures and conferences. This meant that they werefamiliar with interacting and corresponding online. Theseexperiences would be helpful when organizing online
meetings in the future, and they also facilitated the
preparation of this international symposium. To organize
the symposium, the organizing committee operated
according to the schedule shown in Figure 1. First,
participant registrations were conducted using Microsoft
Forms, which we had used last year and were familiar
with working. In addition to name, affiliation, contact
information, and participation method, registrants wereasked to select a language for e-mail correspondence
and, for presenters of short presentations, a field forthe content of their presentation. The registration
information helped to optimize the operation of the event.
The symposium was announced using the poster shownin Figure 2, sent simultaneously by e-mail within thedepartment, and announced on Facebook. Notificationof the symposium was sent via university e-mail andFacebook.
We used Microsoft Teams to hold a symposium
because it enables handling a large-scale conference. The
chat and call functions allow for accessible individual
communication and lively discussions even though theconference is online. And it is available for any office365
user, allowing them to create longer meetings without
any free of charge.
During the presentations, the participantsʼ microphones
were forcibly turned off to prevent problems such as
interference with viewing due to noise or voices otherthan the presenter. Participants also used the hand-up function, to which the chairperson appointed Q&A
sessions. During the Q&A session, the participants
directly discussed the issues with their microphones
turned on or using the chat function. Even after the Q&A
session, participants continued to use the chat function to
ask questions and make comments.
Organizing committee members and some professors
communicated using LINE, a Japanese messaging
application. We used the group chat function because
it allowed us to share information with many people
quickly, which enabled efficiently operating the online
ESRAH. Before the symposium, several confirmations
were shared. During the symposium, when problems
arose, we shared the information and how to respondto them. At this time, since LINE also has a Mentionfunction, this was used to make it easier for responders to
notice the messages. In addition, when there were delays
in progress, professors urged the committee members
to shorten the breaks. During online meetings, problems
related to the internet connection, sharing presentationmaterials, and chat functions are likely to occur.
Therefore, the organizing committee should deal withthem in the same place, and even if they cannot be in thesame place, it is essential to keep in frequent contact withthem through messaging applications and other means.
3. Summary of the educational lectures
The educational session consisted of a 40-minute lecture
and a 10-minute Q&A session. As shown in Table 1, four
distinguished researchers from Thailand, Hungary, Japan,
and Indonesia were invited to present the latest anduseful research information on radiation. The speakers
were from the fields of biodosimetry, simulation of theatmospheric dispersion, biophysical modeling of radiation
effects, and radiotherapy, respectively. The details of thelectures are briefly summarized as below.

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Lecture I: Biological Dosimetry for emergency
preparedness and response in Thailand

Lecture II: New possibilities for the developmentof the radionuclide atmospheric dispersion modelThis lecture was given by Dr. Issariya CHAIRAM, aradiation biologist from Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP),
Bangkok, Thailand. Dr. Chairam gave us the introduction
about OAP, which is a major organization responsible
for formulating of a national nuclear policy and strategy
for peaceful purposes and for regulating the use ofradiation and nuclear energy in the country for safety ofusers, people and environment according to international
standards and obligations.
The main discussion in this lecture was focused on
biodosimetry. Dr. Chairam stated that the biodosimetry
is an important set of dose assessment methods, when
physical dosimeters are unavailable for measuring
radiation exposure. Following nuclear or radiationrelated incidents, the methods can estimate the doses
received by affected people and patients. The method of
identifying dicentric chromosome ratios based on human
cytogenetics is the gold standard for estimating theeffects of radiation exposure and has been widely usedin radiation protection15, 16). Furthermore, during largescale radiation exposure events, it is critical to provide
evidence via timely dose estimation in order to respondto and mitigate incidents. The integrated informationand dose estimation would help medical personnel
define appropriate treatments, risk assessment, clinicalprognosis, and reassurance for potentially exposed people.
Moreover, Dr. Chairam informed that Thailand
made a national effort to establish a formal network of
biological dosimetry for emergency preparedness andresponse in 2015. The steering committee was made up
of experts from more than ten different stakeholders,
including research institutes, universities, and medical
authorities. Following the initial effort, the OAP and
network members signed an official memorandum of
understanding in 2018. The goal of this collaboration isto prepare for large-scale events with a large numberof people affected. The networking approach is being
considered to address the situation in which the capacitiesof laboratories in the affected areas are insufficient.
Furthermore, at the start of the network, network
members collaborated on research projects using various
methods to develop biological dosimetry tools for triage
and long-term monitoring of radiation exposure effects onpatients and the public17, 18).
In conclusion of this lecture, Dr. Chairam concluded
about operational basics within the network for biologicaldosimetry, the framework for sustainable cooperation,
previous collaborative research activities to support anational plan for radiological emergency preparedness
and responses, lessons learned and future operational
plans after the pandemic.

This lecture was given by Prof. Tibor Kovács, a professor
at University of Pannonia in Hungar y. Modeling theatmospheric transport and deposition of toxic substances
or radionuclides is one of the major challenges inenvironmental issues. In recent years, computationallyintensive simulation methods have become available withadvances in computer technology. This research aims todevelop the simulation of the atmospheric dispersion ofradionuclides software.
Both Eulerian and Lagrangian were applied in themodeling previously. However, although the Eulerianmodel can reflect the 3D distribution in the meteorologicalfield, it has a large gradient near the emission source.
While the Lagrangian model has a high spatial resolution,it also requires a significant amount of computation time
and therefore omits critical physical processes. Eachmodel had its advantages and disadvantages.
The limitations of both Eulerian and Lagrangian
methods were overcome by increasing the power ofthe calculations. Thus, the new diffusion model wascompleted by developing Gaussian, Eulerian, Lagrangian,
CFD, a backward trajectory module, and the applicabilityof meteorological data.
ETEX (European Tracer Experiment); Scientificallyinert material was released from Montelfil, France, twicein 1994. In response, the predictions of the diffusion model
could be validated based on measurements obtained at
168 meteorological stations in Europe.
The developed software improved the accuracy of
predicting the atmospheric transport of radioactive
materials and tracking the location of the release.
Radiation doses can be accurately determined in case an
accident involving a radioactive release occurs19, 20).
Lecture III: Biophysical Modelling of Radiation
Responses after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
Based on the PHITS Code and the IMK Model
Dr. Yusuke Matsuya (Hokkaido University and Japan
Atomic Energy Agency, Japan) introduced “BiophysicalModelling of Radiation Responses after Exposure to
Ionizing Radiation Based on the PHITS Code and the
IMK Model” on the second day of ESRAH 2022.
He presented a study on the development of simulation
models to evaluate the relationship between physicalinteractions of ionizing radiation and biological effects.
Ionizing radiation can induce various types of DNA lesions
by physical interactions (i.e., ionization and electronic
excitation) and chemical reactions (i.e., OH radicals) along
the track. Among them, double-strand breaks (DSBs)
have been recognized as the principal damage form

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Table 2. List of Short presentation
No. Title
A novel role of DAP3 for cell cycle regulation after ionizing radiation in1
human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines
The association of DNA sensor cGAS with radiosensitivity of human2
head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells
Evaluation of complex DNA double-strand breaks after exposure to
3 photon beams by means of γ -H2AX focus formation assay and Monte
Carlo track-structure simulation
4

Preliminary study on thoron exhalation rates from wall surface using
passive type radon and thoron discriminative monitor

5 Properties and behavior of atmospheric aerosols in various environments

Presenter

Affiliation

Country

Mr. Yoshiaki Sato

Hirosaki University

Japan

Mr. Taichi Nyui

Hirosaki University

Japan

Ms. Yoshie Yachi

Hokkaido University

Japan

Ms. Saowarak Musikawan

Hirosaki University

Japan

Ms. Mizuki Kiso

Hirosaki University

Japan

6

Verification of semi-automatically combustion system for organicallybound tritium analysis using NIST pine needle reference material

Ms. Haruka Kuwata

Hirosaki University

Japan

7

Investigating the Suitability of Mosses as Bioindicators; analysis of the210
Po content of Moss samples collected in Veszprem County

Mr. Lordford Tettey-Larbi

University of Pannonia

Hungary

8

Study of chemical decontamination technology in the view ofradioactive waste management

Mr. Richard Katona

University of Pannonia

Hungary

9

Are all building material indices created equal?

Dr. Miklos Hegedqs

University of Pannonia

Hungary

10

Comparing various spatial evaluation techniques in Geogenic Radonvisualization on the example of the Northern Trans -Danubian region.

Mr. Gergely Toth

University of Pannonia

Hungary

11

Tritium Concentration in Bottled Drinking Water and Internal Dose
Assessment

Ms. Khemruthai Kheamsiri

Hirosaki University

Japan

12 Natural radioactivity in rice marketed in Hungary

Dr. Tuvshinsaikhan Ganbaatar University of Pannonia

Hungary

13

Dose Assessment from the ingestion of Radon-222 and Cesium-137 in
Drinking Water at the Coastal Area of Fukushima Prefecture

Mr. Yuki Oda

Hirosaki University

Japan

14

Mapping of indoor radon concentration in residential homes in Accra,
Ghana

Mrs. Esther O. Akuo-ko

University of Pannonia

Hungary

15

Atmospheric Radiocesium and Radon Concentrations at the Coastal
Area in Fukushima Prefecture

Ms. Aoi Sampei

Hirosaki University

Japan

16

Development Application of Radiochromic Films as Novel Radon
Measurement Technique

Mr. Worawat Poltabtim

Hirosaki University

Japan

17

Development of a real-time monitoring and visualization system foratmospheric radioactivity concentration and dose rate

Mr. Hiroki Hashimoto

Hirosaki University

Japan

18

Indoor and Outdoor Measurement of Thoron Progeny in a 232Th-rich
Area with Modified Thoron Progeny Monitor

Mr. Radhia Pradana

Hirosaki University

Japan

19

Effect of senolytic agent ABT-263 on irradiated cancer cells withproliferative activity.

Mr. Kota Sato

Hirosaki University

Japan

20

The Time dependence of Radiation-Induced Rescue Effect on cell
survival and γ H2AX fociMr. Ryosuke Seino

Hokkaido University

Japan

21

The predictive metabolomic biomarker for therapeutic effect in case ofbone metastasis from CRPC

Ms. Megumi Kikuchi

Hirosaki University

Japan

22

Modified C-banding (cTAG) method for dicentric chromosome assay
in biodosimetry

Ms. Kai Takebayashi

Hirosaki University

Japan

Ms. Yuri Sagisaka

Hirosaki University

Japan

23 Basic study on acquisition conditions for Lu-177 DOTATATE SPECT

leading to cell death with a certain probability. To date,early DSB induction and the repair kinetics have been
experimentally investigated, yet the optimum approachdirectly evaluate the relationship between DSBs and cell
death remain unclear. Considering these, in this lecture,
he introduced two simulation models.
One is the general-purpose Monte Carlo code, so called
Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS).

The PHITS code can handle the transport of all particles
over wide energy ranges21, 22). Using the spatial patternsof the atomic interactions, the PHITS code enables
estimating the yields of various types of DNA damage,i.e., single-strand breaks (SSBs), DSBs and complex
DSBs. The other is the biophysical (mathematical) model,so called the integrated microdosimetric-kinetic (IMK)model. The IMK model can reproduce the experimental

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Fig. 3. Percentage of each category in the short presentation session.

dose-response curve of the DSB and cell survival in theconsideration of various factors (i.e., microdosimetry,dose-rate effects, hypoxia, cancer stem cells) based on the
repair dynamics of DSBs, which allows the translational
study between in vitro data and clinical outcome23-25).
In summary, he presented the latest status and future
prospect of the simulation system based on the PHITS
code and the IMK model.
L ect ur e I V: Init ia t ing Na t ional Dosimet r ic
Radiotherapy Treatment Veriﬁcation in Indonesia
This lecture was presented by Dr. Heru Prasetio fromCenter for Safety, Metrology and Nuclear Quality
Technology, Nuclear Energy Research Organization,
National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia. In
2022, the Indonesian Radiation Oncology Society reported
63 radiotherapy facilities with more than 98 radiotherapy
machines spread over the many islands in Indonesia.
Meanwhile, only one Secondar y Standard Dosimetr yLaborator y (SSDL ) is responsible for dosimetr yverification in Indonesia. Hence, the necessar y audit ofradiotherapy facilities in Indonesia was quite a challenge.
Dr. Heru introduced the development of a sustainable
method for dosimetry veriﬁcation in Indonesia.
The verification follows the American Associationof Physics in Medicine ( A APM) Task Group No.
11926, 27). Two phantoms were used in this study whichwere virtual and physical phantoms. The virtual phantom
was designed by simulating the C shape phantom inside
the slab phantom (cube shape). Then Intensity-Modulated
Radiation Therapy (IMRT) planning based on the virtual
phantom was tested in several hospitals in Indonesia. The
test result shows that the concept was applicable and that
the IMRT planning was challenging for some medical
physicists, so it is necessary to design a suitable training
program for the method.

Then, a physical phantom was designed with virtualwater as the material of the phantom body and Teflon for
the C shape. For the insert part, several materials (Teflon,
polyethylene, nylon, and polyoxymethylene) wereused. Then the physical phantom was scanned on a CT
simulator. From the test result, the various material of theinsert phantom shows a satisfactory gamma index, with
polyoxymethylene showing the lowest gamma index.
The test also found that gamma evaluation tends not toconsider the “radiation spill” outside the target organ.
To secure the delivery process of the phantom to thehospital location, a more robust and simple design forthe phantom is necessary. One of the ideas is to modify
the 3D printer product to accommodate the phantomʼsdensity or electron density variation. There is also aneffort to improve the CT number calibration procedure tohelp the radiotherapy facilities and to incorporate Monte
Carlo simulation to improve independent dose calculation.
The presentation finished with the project outlook: toconduct more multicenter tests at radiotherapy facilities
inside and outside of Java Island, to collaborate with theregulator body in introducing the importance of thirdparty verification, to collaborate with countries withexperience in implementing national audits for dosimetry
verification, and to arrange a simple postal method for thedosimetry verification/audit.
4. Summary of the short presentations
T his year, the format was changed f rom poster
presentations to short presentations. The advantages ofthis format include the ability for many people to shareknowledge and questions simultaneously and for further
discussion to develop from a single question. Twentythree people from four countries (Indonesia, Hungary,Thailand, and Japan) gave short presentations, which
consisted of a 6-minute presentation and a 2-minuteHiroki Hashimoto et al. / Radiation Environment and Medicine 2024 Vol.13, No.1 35–43

41

Q&A session (Table 2). Through the lively discussions,participants could acquire ideas for furthering theirresearch and gaining knowledge outside their field ofstudy. The topics were categorized as shown in the
Figure 3, with the most common being “Radiation
Measurement & Protection,” with 14 presentations. That
provided a valuable opportunity for researchers andstudents from Japan and abroad to experience various
fields. Ms. Khemruthai Kheamsiri presented “Tritium
Concentration in Bottled Drinking Water and Internal
Dose Assessment” and won the award.

We were unable to identify a clear cause for thisproblem. Still, a few participants have joined this
symposium using an e-mail address other than the one
they pre-registered, which may have limited the chatfunctionality. The Executive Committee re-registered thee-mail addresses of participants who were unable to use
the chat, and several participants regained functionality.
For participants who still could not use the chat, wepresumed that there was a network status problem andasked them to restart the application, re-login, etc., toimprove the situation.

5. Problems encountered and their remediation

The trouble with sharing presentation slides andresponse to these issues

We encountered several problems in this online
symposium. The most serious one was the difficultyin communication among the organizing committee
members. Networking problems were also unique tothe online symposium, and some technical issues wereobserved due to the platform used. This section describes
the problems that we encountered and how they wereaddressed.

The difficulty of communication among organizationcommittee members
As discussed in the report of ESRAH2021, a few troubles
are bound to occur when holding a symposium online.
In order to overcome the problems, the organizing
committee and chairpersons need to be able to keep inclose contact with each other. However, unlike last year,
the ESRAH 2022 was challenging to communicate anddeal with some problems because all committee members
participated online. Against the problems, this year we
successfully solved the problems using LINE applicationthat allowed to easy and frequent communication.
Meanwhile, since only text messages can be exchanged
via LINE, a slight time lag in our response caused thedelays in the symposium progression. In order to respondwithout any delays, we found that a communication
method other than text alone should have been chosen,such as setting up a meeting for symposium organizing
committee in a different medium. Therefore, even whenusing LINE application, by using not only the texting
function but also the multi-person calling function, thecommunication (message) can be shared quickly in realtime and proceed without any delays.

Some presenters encountered trouble with sharing
presentation slides. This problem may be related totheir network stabilities. Since we experienced thiskind of network troubles at last yearʼs ESRAH 2021,
we received the presentation slides in advance so thatthe organizing committee could share them with us
in preparation for any problems. However, we did notshare slides on behalf of presenters because we did nothave a clear standard of response regarding issues thatmight arise for presenters. The problems related to the
network environment observed at this symposium were
thought to be caused by temporary network failures. The
problems encountered by most participants were that
only microphones were available and slides could not beshared, or there were some delays or stoppages in the
progress of the slides that were shared. Because sufficientconsideration had not been given in advance as to what
events would occur and how they would be handled,
the organizing committee could not take appropriate
action, such as responding on their behalf, within a shorttime. To solve these problems for future symposium, we
believe it is necessary to conduct connection tests for allpresenters as much as possible and to understand their
network environment in advance. The connection test
this time was to set up an online meeting for a certain
period of time, and only those who wanted to could freely
test the sharing of slides. Therefore, it was not possible toascertain all presenters, and it is necessary to do so under
the condition that all presenters are required to performthe test. The organizing committee should also establish
a relationship with the presenter that allows for priorcommunication and an immediate response to unforeseen
problems.

The trouble with the chat function
Throughout the symposium, the chat function of
Microsof t T eams was ver y benef icial f or lively
discussions, but some participants could not use thisfeature, such as being unable to check or reply to chats.

6. Conclusions
In this meeting report, we presented the methods andproblems of the online meeting, and summarized the briefcontents of educational lectures and short presentations.

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The number of participants in this symposium who
studied various radiation research contents, such asradiation measurement, physics, biology, and therapy.
And most of the running of the program was organizedby graduate students with some support from professors.
The international symposium ESRAH was also thefirst to be held entirely online, which caused several
unforeseen problems and provided a good opportunity to
explore solutions and other issues. In particular, online
communication is much more difficult than on-sitecommunication, and is not suited for building collaborative
research and other developmental relationships. However,
online conferencing systems are constantly being updatedwith the expansion of COVID-19, and furthermore, theimplementation of virtual reality, such as the Metaverse,
is expected in the future. We hope that this report willcontribute to the development of these technologies, andthat online communication will become as possible as onsite communication, and we hope that it will serve as areference for future online symposia.

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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Radiation Emergency Medicine
and Cooperation Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate
School of Health Sciences and Many students andfaculty members of Hokkaido University and Institute ofRadiation Emergency Medicine who cooperated in theorganization of ESRAH 2022.
Authors Contribution
Conceptualization: [Masahiro Hosoda, Yusuke Matsuya],
Writing the draft: [Hiroki Hashimoto, Ryo Nakayama,
Haruka Kuwata, Worawat Poltabtim, R yosuke Seino,
Reima Fukuda, Khemruthai Kheamsiri, Radhia Pradana,
Yuki Oda, Mizuki Kiso, Aoi Sampei, Chutima Kranrod,
Hironori Yoshino, Yusuke Matsuya], Methodology: [Hiroki
Hashimoto, R yo Nakayama], Super vision: [Masahiro
Hosoda].
Conflict of Interest Disclosure
The authors declare that they have no conﬂict of interest.
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