Total Cost of Ownership StudyThe Economics of Running
the SAP HANA® Platform in the Enterprise
Research by Prowess Consulting found that Lenovo® ThinkSystem™ SR950 V3
servers provide a lower three-year total cost of ownership (TCO) than competing
SAP HANA systems.

Total Cost of Ownership Study | The Economics of Running the SAP HANA® Platform in the Enterprise

Executive Summary

Technology Trends

Businesses rely on transactional and analytical databases for a

Real-time analytics are a primary operational requirement for

single source of truth. Organizations of all sizes need to extract

enterprises. In-memory database platforms like the SAP HANA

insights from these large databases, and housing the databases

platform are the bedrock for this requirement. These platforms

in memory can accelerate actionable insights, increasing businesscan also act as transactional databases for businesscompetitiveness. But in-memory processing requires massive

applications, including finance, human resources (HR), order-

amounts of DRAM. And while the price of memory continues

to-cash, inventory, and forecasting. Running large databases into decline, single-unit scale-up servers and multi-node scale-out

memory—even databases that are several terabytes large—canclusters still represent a sizable investment for IT organizations.

keep storage latency from slowing down queries. Doing so
provides faster, more actionable insights on a single source

With its advanced in-memory technology, the SAP HANA platformof truth for analytics and transactions, even as datasets growis widely used by organizations that need rapid processing forincreasingly large.

®

large volumes of data that is optimized for in-memory workloads.
However, the price of acquisition is only part of the cost; SAP HANA

Many kinds of applications beyond traditional line-of-businessdeployments can be expensive to operate, particularly when labor(LOB) applications build on top of databases to benefit from thecosts for the specialists required to manage them are factored in.

in-memory, columnar capabilities of SAP HANA. SAP S/4HANA
software provides enterprise resource planning (ERP) capabilities

To evaluate total system costs, Lenovo commissioned

with the real-time performance of SAP HANA. SAP® BW/4HANA

Prowess Consulting to assess scale-up systems in a variety

is the SAP® Business Warehouse solution optimized for SAP HANA,of memory configurations for SAP HANA solutions running on

and it provides simplified operations and improved performanceservers powered by the latest-generation Intel Xeon Scalable

for business-warehouse applications.

®

®

processors from HPE and Lenovo. Our analysis shows that eightsocket Lenovo® ThinkSystem™ SR950 V3 servers running Red Hat®

The hardware supporting SAP HANA is crucial to realizing theEnterprise Linux® for SAP® Solutions provide a lower total cost of

performance capabilities of the platform. Attempting to run

ownership (TCO) over a three-year period, compared to eight-socket

SAP HANA on hardware that cannot utilize all of its capabilities

HPE® Compute Scale-up Server 3200 servers.1

can constrain overall performance. As one means of avoiding
such mismatches between hardware and software, SAP certifies

We found that this lower TCO stems from both lower capital

SAP HANA appliances produced by OEMs that successfully

expenditures (CapEx) and especially lower operating expenses

integrate with SAP solutions. In addition, SAP requires that

(OpEx) for the Lenovo® servers. In addition to raw TCO advantages,

SAP HANA appliances have a valid SAP HANA hardware

the Lenovo solutions for SAP HANA that we evaluated in ourcertification at the time of purchase by customers in order tostudy also feature faster times to load databases into memory

qualify for SAP support.

and perform complex queries than their counterparts from HPE,
while providing high levels of reliability. Moreover, at the time of

The alternative to appliance-based deployment is SAP HANA

this writing, the ThinkSystem SR950 V3 server, alone among the

Tailored Datacenter Integration (TDI). SAP HANA TDI offers

SAP HANA platform–certified servers we examined, also provides

organizations greater flexibility for integrating SAP HANA into

an option for a scale-out configuration, which can be valuable for

their data centers, such as:

analytical workloads, such as SAP S/4HANA® software.
•

Right-sizing CPUs to meet business needs (as opposed
to being a single large size for appliances)

On-Premises Versus Cloud
Deployment Considerations•

Lenovo® solutions for the SAP HANA®
platform provide up toassembled using SAP-certified components and deployed with

31% lower

Using new types of storage, such as NVM Express® (NVMe®)

However, such custom-built SAP HANA solutions must still be
the SAP HANA platform installed by an SAP-certified engineer.

three-year TCO than HPE® solutions.1

2

Total Cost of Ownership Study | The Economics of Running the SAP HANA® Platform in the Enterprise

On-Premises Versus Cloud Deployment Considerations
Whether to deploy the SAP HANA® platform in the cloudis a question that many organizations grapple with, andit has no one-size-fits-all answer. SAP HANA in the cloudmight save some organizations money while proving more
expensive for others.2 Likewise, cloud-based SAP HANA

might provide higher security for some organizations
while being untenable for others due to legal or regulatory
requirements. This study assumes on-premises deploymentof SAP HANA, and it does not consider the ramifications of
TCO for deploying SAP HANA in the cloud.

Comparison Motivation
and Overview

running those solutions over a three-year period. At the time ofBecause of the centrality of SAP HANA workloads to business,

publication, Lenovo is the only vendor to offer SAP HANA–certified

we wanted to explore the differences in three-year TCO whenrunning SAP HANA on x86 servers from OEMs with large market
shares in the SAP HANA sphere: Lenovo and HPE. To assess
SAP HANA TCO, we examined eight-socket servers from theseOEMs with the latest-generation Intel Xeon Scalable processors
certified for SAP HANA appliance and TDI deployments for
SAP S/4HANA transactional and SAP BW/4HANA analytical
workloads (see Figure 1).3

This study compares the CapEx to acquire systems that are
certified for SAP HANA,4 in addition to the OpEx associated withscale-out systems. Therefore, this study only examines TCO
considerations for SAP HANA systems in scale-up scenarios.
While this study primarily focuses on quantitative cost comparisons,
we also examined other features of these systems that can aid
business-critical SAP HANA workloads, such as the operating
system. We evaluated both server systems running Red Hat
Enterprise Linux for SAP Solutions and found that Red Hat
Enterprise Linux for SAP Solutions provides critical uptime features,
including Automation Focus in Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Red Hat
Enterprise Linux System Roles for SAP, and Red Hat® Insights for
SAP. These features can play a significant role in further reducing
both planned and unplanned downtime.
TCO Findings
Our analysis found that ThinkSystem SR950 V3 servers cost$756,428 less (per server) to acquire and operate over a three-year

Figure 1. Eight-socket servers evaluated in this study from left to right:
HPE® Compute Scale-up Server 3200 (left) and Lenovo® ThinkSystem™
SR950 V3 (right)

period than Compute Scale-up Server 3200 servers, for 31% lower
TCO over three years (see Figure 2). For detailed pricing information,
see Appendix C: Three-Year Costs.

Three-Year TCO for Eight-Socket SAP HANA® Servers(Normalized versus Lenovo® servers, lower is better)
45% higher
1.6x
1.4x
1.2x
1.0x
0.8x
0.6x
0.4x
0.2x
0.0x

HPE® Compute Scale-up
Server 3200

Lenovo® ThinkSystem™ SR950 V3

Figure 2. Among eight-socket SAP HANA® systems, Lenovo® ThinkSystem™ SR950 V3 servers provide a markedly lower TCO over a three-year period
compared to HPE® Compute Scale-up Server 3200 servers

3

Total Cost of Ownership Study | The Economics of Running the SAP HANA® Platform in the Enterprise

Study Methodology Details
The TCO examined in this study includes both CapEx and OpEx costs for selected SAP HANA appliances and TDI solutions from different
OEMs. CapEx costs examined include:•

Server hardware•

Storage hardware (integrated)

OpEx can be more complex to assess. While power is unarguably an operating cost connected to a particular piece of hardware, other costs—
like space in a data center—can be harder to isolate for individual solutions. For this reason, this study limits OpEx costs to the following:•

Management

•

Power

•

Cooling•

Downtime•Labor

For specific assumptions about these costs, see Appendix B: Study Assumptions and Methodology.
Downtime Costs
After CapEx costs and labor, downtime is the biggest contributor to three-year TCO for all of the servers we analyzed in this study. Basedon the 2022 Information Technology Intelligence Consulting (ITIC) Server Reliability Poll,5 we estimated that server downtime costs Lenovo
ThinkSystem server users $16,500 on average over three years, compared to $21,600 for HPE® servers (see Figure 3; see Appendix B: Study
Assumptions and Methodology for details about our methodology).

Estimated Three-Year Average Total Cost of Server Downtime$25,000$21,600$16,500$20,000$15,000$10,000$5,000$HPE® Compute Scale-up
Server 3200

Lenovo® ThinkSystem™
SR950 V3

Figure 3. Server downtime is the third-biggest contributor to estimated three-year TCO for all servers examined, behind the cost of acquisition andmanagement costs (see Appendix B: Study Assumptions and Methodology for details)

4

Total Cost of Ownership Study | The Economics of Running the SAP HANA® Platform in the Enterprise

Shared Compute and Operating System (OS) Capabilities
While the servers we examined for this study possess many differences, they also share some capabilities stemming from the processors
and operating systems on which they run.
Processor Capabilities
The 4th Gen Intel Xeon Scalable processors that power the servers examined in this study provide a number of benefits over the 2nd Gen
Intel Xeon Scalable processors used in previous-generation eight-socket servers:•••

2.23x average performance improvement6
Up to 1.60x higher input/output operations per second (IOPS) and up to 37% latency reduction for large-packet sequential reads using
integrated Intel® Data Streaming Accelerator (Intel® DSA) versus the prior generation7
Up to 95% fewer cores and 2x higher level-1 compression throughput using integrated Intel® QuickAssist Technology (Intel® QAT)
versus the prior generation8

4th Gen Intel Xeon Scalable processors are designed to accelerate performance across the fastest-growing workloads in data analytics,
networking, and storage.9 Examples of these accelerators include:••••Intel® In-Memory Analytics Accelerator (Intel® IAA), which improves analytics performance while offloading tasks from CPU cores toaccelerate database query throughput and other workloads9
Intel DSA, which drives high performance for storage, networking, and data-intensive workloads by improving streaming data
movement and transformation operations9Intel® Advanced Vector Extensions 512 (Intel® AVX-512), which supports up to two fused-multiply add (FMA) units and includes
optimizations to accelerate performance for demanding computational tasks9Intel QAT, which accelerates encryption, decryption, and data compression, offloading these tasks from the processor core to help
reduce system resource consumption9

OS Capabilities
Red Hat Enterprise Linux for SAP Solutions is SAP’s preferred operating system (OS) for SAP’s own RISE with SAP offering. The Red Hat
Enterprise Linux for SAP Solutions offering combines Red Hat Enterprise Linux with features and capabilities designed to support andsimplify SAP workloads and operations.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux System Roles for SAPRed Hat Enterprise Linux System Roles for SAP can be used to completely automate the deployment of a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system
to run SAP workloads. This automation reduces the effort required to properly provision servers, apply all pre- and post-installation SAP®
Notes, procure software installation kits from SAP® Marketplace, and cluster database and application tiers independently with full ENSA/ENSA2 support. Moreover, this automation enables administrators to deploy and operate SAP HANA across complex landscapes and withfull product and non-product support accurately and quickly by using prebuilt and SAP-certified automation content.10
SAP-Specific Technical Components
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 for SAP Solutions includes SAP-specific technical components that support SAP S/4HANA, SAP HANA, andSAP® Business Application Studio. These components are designed to work seamlessly with SAP workloads and provide a stable andefficient environment for running SAP HANA applications.11
High-Availability Solutions
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 for SAP Solutions offers SAP-certified, high-availability solutions for SAP S/4HANA, SAP HANA, and SAPBusiness Application Studio. These solutions provide reliability, scalability, and availability to critical production services and help ensure thatSAP HANA applications remain available even in the event of a failure.11
Red Hat’s clustering technology for SAP software is fully application and database aware, and it supports all major modes of SAP HANA
replication and failover, in addition to providing application tier failover and autoscaling, all as part of a Red Hat Enterprise Linux for SAP
Solutions subscription.

5

Total Cost of Ownership Study | The Economics of Running the SAP HANA® Platform in the Enterprise

Smart Management and Red Hat® Insights
Smart management and Red Hat® Insights tools provide lifecycle management and proactive optimization to help ensure SAP systems
remain current with both OS patches and SAP best practices (SAP Notes), which can help to maintain the performance and efficiency of
SAP HANA applications over time.11
Update Services for SAP Solutions
Update Services for SAP Solutions provides support for specific minor Red Hat Enterprise Linux releases for four years from generalavailability. This helps ensure that SAP HANA applications remain up-to-date and secure.11
In addition to Red Hat Enterprise Linux itself, Red Hat Enterprise Linux for SAP Solutions comes standard with:
•
•
•
•
•

All additional packages necessary to install and run SAPExtended four-year update support
An SAP-certified and integrated high-availability clustering solution
Red Hat’s award-winning SAP-aware smart-management technology, including Red Hat® Satellite and Red Hat Insights for SAPRed Hat Enterprise Linux System Roles for SAP, which fully automates the installation and post-install configuration and clustering ofboth SAP HANA and application servers

Qualitative Differentiators
Beyond the TCO benefits highlighted in this study, a number of hard-to-quantify differentiators emerged between the HPE and Lenovo
SAP HANA solutions examined.
Space Efficiency and Total Memory
In order to scale up to eight Intel Xeon Platinum 8490H processors and 8 TB of memory, the Compute Scale-up Server 3200 system requires
a 10U form factor versus the 8U form factor for the ThinkSystem SR950 V3 server for the same number of processors and the sameamount of memory. This difference in form factors means that a typical 42U rack can hold four Compute Scale-up Server 3200 servers or
five ThinkSystem SR950 V3 servers, a 20% gain in space efficiency for the ThinkSystem SR950 V3 server.
For total memory capacity, the ThinkSystem SR950 V3 server provides more options than the Compute Scale-up Server 3200 server. The
ThinkSystem SR950 V3 server with eight processors can support up to 32 TB of DDR5 memory while the Compute Scale-up Server 3200
server with the same number of processors tops out at 16 TB of DDR5 memory, which can put more constraints on the types of critical
workloads the HPE solution can run, compared to the Lenovo solution.
Reliability
While we quantitatively modeled reliability in the TCO figures, qualitative differentiators for reliability stood out from analyzing the
SAP HANA solutions in this report. These differentiators can point to lower downtime and improvements for other sources of friction thatmight otherwise increase operational expenses.
Lenovo® Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability (RAS) Features
Lenovo servers continue to be the industry’s most reliable x86 servers for the ninth year in a row, according to the “ITIC 2022 Global Server
Hardware, Server OS Reliability Report” from ITIC.5 The report also noted that 92% of Lenovo users surveyed reported between 99.999% and99.9999% uptime (less than 5 minutes and 16 seconds of annual downtime and 32 seconds of annual downtime, respectively). This figure
exceeds the results reported by HPE users.5 Specific reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS) features in the ThinkSystem SR950 V3
server include:••

Predictive Failure Analysis (PFA), which alerts administrators to impending failure of processors, memory, power-supply units (PSUs),
system fans, adapter slots, hard-disk drives (HDDs)/solid-state drives (SSDs), and voltage-regulator modules (VRMs). This featureallows servicers to schedule planned downtime, rather than reacting to sudden failures.
Independently powered light-path diagnostic LEDs, which light up beside a failing component for instant identification in order tofacilitate fast servicing and reduced downtime.

6Total Cost of Ownership Study | The Economics of Running the SAP HANA® Platform in the Enterprise•

Machine-Check Architecture (MCA) recovery, which provides OS-layer assisted recovery from uncorrectable data errors, helping
prevent system resets.

•

Adaptive Double-Device Data Correction (DDDC), which protects the system from memory errors while repairing those errors.

•

Fatal-error handling, which enables override of application shutdown by setting a custom handler of fatal errors.

Support, Management, and as-a-Service
Lenovo provides a range of management options for ThinkSystem servers running SAP HANA, like the ThinkSystem SR950 V3 server,
so that administrators can focus on more strategic tasks. It also provides options to fully manage SAP HANA deployments and provide
SAP HANA “as a service,” as described in the following sections.
Lenovo® Premier Support
Lenovo® Premier Support includes SAP HANA deployments. This dedicated support from Lenovo provides a single-point-of-contact support
service, in addition to one-on-one access to the Lenovo Premier Support team of agents 24/7/365 via a dedicated phone number, online
ticket, or live chat. It is also available at a variety of service levels. And because Lenovo also offers Premium support for Red Hat EnterpriseLinux, it provides a single stop for both Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Lenovo support. For more information about Lenovo Premier Support,
visit www.lenovo.com/us/en/premier-support/.
Lenovo® Managed Services for SAP HANAWith Lenovo® Managed Services for SAP HANA, Lenovo service professionals remotely monitor and manage supported server, storage,
and networking devices, in addition to select third-party products sold by Lenovo or Lenovo-authorized resellers. These services can help
enhance the security and reliability of data centers and help ensure high performance and stability for SAP HANA deployments. Continuous
monitoring, scheduled health checks, and recommended updates can help control management costs for SAP HANA and provide skills
and knowledge that IT organizations might not already possess. For more information about Lenovo Managed Services for SAP HANA, visit
www.lenovo.com/us/en/resources/data-center-solutions/brochures/lenovo-managed-services-for-sap-hana/.
As-a-Service
Lenovo® TruScale® Infrastructure Services enables Lenovo customers to use SAP HANA as a service. This solution provides SAP HANA
deployments with no upfront capital costs and a flexible, cloud-like consumption model with on-premises security and control, and it
can be purchased with Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Lenovo TruScale Infrastructure Services is an all-inclusive offering that covers the fulllifecycle of systems:•

Installation, deployment, and removal•

Comprehensive monitoring and proactive management•

Health checks and updates per customer scheduleLenovo TruScale Infrastructure Services provides a dedicated customer-success manager, quarterly business reviews, support plans,
and a customer portal. The solution can be integrated with the RISE with SAP solution, SAP S/4HANA Cloud, Private Edition, andcustomers’ data center options. For more information about Lenovo TruScale Infrastructure services, visit https://techtoday.lenovo.com/
us/en/solutions/iaas.

Conclusion
Our analysis of the TCO for HPE and Lenovo offerings for SAP HANA reveals tangible three-year savings across the board with the Lenovo
ThinkSystem SR950 V3 server running Red Hat Enterprise Linux for SAP Solutions, including a lower cost to acquire and operate comparedto the HPE Compute Scale-up Server 3200 systems. In addition to quantitative differences between the solutions, the ThinkSystem SR950
V3 server provides qualitative benefits beyond those supplied by the competing HPE servers. Per ITIC, ThinkSystem servers continue to be
rated among the most reliable servers in the industry,5 and the ThinkSystem SR950 V3 server hosts a number of unique RAS capabilities
absent from the other system examined. Finally, our research notes that Lenovo services provide several means to simplify administering
complex SAP HANA deployments, including Lenovo Managed Services for SAP HANA.

7

Total Cost of Ownership Study | The Economics of Running the SAP HANA® Platform in the Enterprise

Appendix A: Hardware Specifications
Details for hardware specifications for each system examined in this study, grouped by OEM:
HPE
HPE® Compute Scale-up Server 3200
Intel® Xeon® Platinum 8490H processor, 1.90 GHz, 60 cores, 350 W

864 GB (1 x 64 GB) quad-rank x4 DDR5-4800 CAS-46-39-39 EC8128

HPE 480 GB Serial ATA (SATA) 6G mixed-use small form factor (SFF) BC multi-vendor SSD

2

HPE 7.68 TB Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 24G read-intensive SFF BC multi-vendor SSD

6

LenovoLenovo® ThinkSystem™ SR950 V3Intel® Xeon® Platinum 8490H processor, 1.90 GHz, 60 cores, 350 W

864 GB TruDDR5 4,800 MHz (2Rx4) 10 x 4 RDIMM

1282.5-inch Micron® 5400 PRO 240 GB read-intensive SATA 6 Gb HS SSD

22.5-inch Samsung PM1653 7.68 TB read-intensive SAS 24 Gb HS SSD

6®

Appendix B: Study Assumptions and Methodology
This study makes the following assumptions in projecting the three-year TCO for the SAP HANA systems analyzed:
•
•
•
•
•
•

Capital costs—This study uses the manufacturer’s suggested retail price (MSRP) for the servers examined and does notinclude any discounts that customers might receive in actuality.
Server utilization—This study assumes 85% average power utilization by the servers examined.
Power costs—This study uses the United States national average commercial cost of $0.126 (in US dollars [USD]) per kWh.12
Cooling cost—This study assumes that the heat dissipated by servers takes exactly its equivalent in amount of power to cool
at 0.000293 kWh/British thermal unit (BTU).
Labor costs—This study uses a uniform fully burdened cost of $150,000 USD per year per full-time employee (FTE) equivalent
for both storage and SAP HANA management.
FTE equivalents—This study assumes 1.7 FTE equivalents per management responsibility for each server.

Downtime Costs—Estimate Details
In order to estimate downtime costs for this analysis, we drew upon the results of the 2022 ITIC Server Reliability Poll. Of respondents
to the ITIC poll, 91% reported that a single hour of server downtime costs them $301,000 or more, and 44% reported that unplanned
server downtime costs them more than $1 million.5 Based on these results, we used the more conservative figure of $300,000 per
hour of unplanned server downtime in this study (although the true figure is likely higher, as the ITIC survey polled organizations about
the overall cost of their servers being down; downtime for the kinds of business-critical workloads that organizations run on SAP HANAis likely much more expensive). Table 1 lists the average annual downtime reported in the ITIC poll by server family and the resulting
average annual cost of unplanned server downtime.
Table 1. Reported server downtime figures for families of server platforms by OEM; annual cost figures assume $300,000 per hour per server of unplanned
server downtime5

Mean of Annual UnplannedServer Downtime

Annual Cost of Unplanned Server
Downtime per Server

HPE® Compute Scale-up Server 3200

1.44 minutes$7,200

Lenovo® ThinkSystem™ SR950 V3

1.10 minutes$5,500Server Make

Note that the HPE Compute Scale-up Server 3200 server is a successor to scale-up configurations of the HPE® Superdome® family ofservers, and so we used the Superdome server downtime figures from the 2022 ITIC Server Reliability Poll.

8

Total Cost of Ownership Study | The Economics of Running the SAP HANA® Platform in the Enterprise

Appendix C: Three-Year Costs
Three-year estimated TCO for each server examined in this study breaks down by OEM as follows:
HPE
HPE® Compute Scale-up Server 3200
MSRP (USD)$1,629,502.86

Power (W)2,667.9 W

Cooling (BTU/h)9,105.5 Btu/hThree-year power and cooling (USD)$17,680.50

Labor (USD)$765,000.00

Downtime (USD)$21,600.00

Three-year TCO (USD)$2,433,783.36

LenovoLenovo® ThinkSystem™ SR950 V3
MSRP (USD)$875,925.02

Power (W)3,126.6 W

Cooling (BTU/h)9,857.3 Btu/hThree-year power and cooling (USD)$19,930.29

Labor (USD)$765,000.00

Downtime (USD)$16,500.00

Three-year TCO (USD)$1,677,355.31¹ Calculated from the maximum estimated three-year TCO of an HPE® Compute Scale-up Server 3200 server being 45% higher than a comparable Lenovo® ThinkSystem™
SR950 V3 server. See Appendix C for cost details.
² For example, a recent Flexera survey notes that 80% of small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and 82% of enterprises listed managing cloud spend as their
number-one priority (the first time that cost has overtaken security as the top priority in the last 10 years). Source: Flexera. “Flexera™ 2023 State of the Cloud Report.” 2021.
3
Note: According to Lenovo, the company will be adding the ability for users to upgrade Lenovo® ThinkSystem™ SR950 V3 servers from four sockets to eight sockets.
However, this option was not yet available at the time of this study.
4Intel® Xeon® processors are the only x86 processors certified for SAP HANA®. Source: SAP. “Certified and Supported SAP HANA® Hardware.” Accessed March 2024.
5
Information Technology Intelligence Consulting (ITIC). “ITIC 2022 Global Server Hardware, Server OS Reliability Report.” February 2023.
6
4th Gen Intel® Xeon® Scalable processors versus 3rd Gen Intel Xeon Scalable processors average performance improvement = 1.53x. Source: Intel. Performance Index(4th Gen Intel Xeon Scalable Processors, G1). Accessed October 23, 2023. 3rd Gen Intel Xeon Scalable processors versus 2nd Gen
Intel Xeon Scalable processors average performance improvement = 1.46x. Source: Performance Index (3rd Gen Intel Xeon Scalable Processors, 126). Accessed
October 23, 2023. Net improvement from 2nd Gen to 4th Gen = 1.46 x 1.53 = 2.23.
7
Versus 3rd Gen Intel® Xeon® Scalable processors. Solely processor-based IOPS performance claims for 3rd Gen Intel Xeon Scalable processors versus 2nd Gen Intel Xeon
Scalable Processors are unavailable. Source: Intel. Performance Index (4th Gen Intel Xeon Scalable Processors, N18). Accessed May 12, 2023.
8
Versus 3rd Gen Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processors. Level-1 compression throughput claims for 3rd Gen Intel Xeon Scalable processors versus 2nd Gen Intel Xeon Scalable
processors are unavailable. Source: Intel. Performance Index (4th Gen Intel Xeon Scalable Processors, N16). Accessed May 12, 2023.
9Intel. “4th Gen Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processors.” December 2022.
10
Red Hat. “Use Case: Red Hat Enterprise Linux for SAP Solutions.” Accessed January 2024.
11
Red Hat. “Overview of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux for SAP Solutions subscription.” September 2023.
12
US Energy Information Administration. “Electric Power Monthly.” November 2023.

The analysis in this document was done by Prowess Consulting andcommissioned by Lenovo.
Prowess and the Prowess logo are trademarks of Prowess Consulting, LLC.
Results have been simulated and are provided for informational purposes only.
Any difference in system hardware or software design of configuration may
affect actual performance.

Copyright © 2024 Prowess Consulting, LLC. All rights reserved.
Other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
0324/230229

9