★★★ ＜第33回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第16回英文和訳】＞ ★★★
≪１級課題 -バイオテクノロジー-≫【解答にあたっての注意】
１．問題の指示により和訳してください。
２．解答語数に特に制限はありません。適切な箇所で改行してください。
３．課題文に段落番号がある場合、これを訳文に記載してください。
４．課題は４題あります。それぞれの課題の指示に従い、４題すべて解答してください。

問１．***(START)***から***(END)***までを和訳してください。
***(START)***
In particular, the adaptive human immune system is comprised of B-cells
and T-cells.

During T-cell and B-cell development these cells express

unique heterodimeric receptors that are used for recognition of pathogens.
Each of these receptor chains is generated by a somatic rearrangement
process that joins different segments of the TCR and BCR genes and createsa novel gene.

This joining process is imprecise with insertion ofnontemplated nucleotides (N nucleotides) in the junction site, as well as 3′and 5′-nucleotide deletion from the germline genes participating in therearrangement. This region of random nucleotide insertion or deletion
referred to as the third complementarity-determining region (CDR3).

The

resulting CDR3 have a unique nucleotide sequence that is specific to thatparticular B or T-cell and all its progeny. Hence, the clonotypic nature of thereceptors.

The CDR3 is the portion of these receptors that is most involved

in interactions with intact soluble antigens (B-cells) or intracellular
processed antigens presented as immunogenic peptides loaded in MHC
molecules (T-cells). Given the ability to generate large amounts of data,
what is needed in the art are improved systems and methods for analyzing
such data.
***(END)***＊注釈：TCR は T-cell receptor の略である。BCR は B-cell receptor の略である。MHC は major histocompatibility complex の略である。

問２．***(START)***から***(END)***までを和訳してください。
***(START)***In some embodiments, a set or sets of more than one unique non-random all
DNA first primer is used such that multiple regions of the target nucleic acidare amplified.

This is often referred to in the art as multiplex amplification

because multiple different amplification products are produced in a singlereaction.

The set or sets of target-specific primers of the invention may

comprise a set of related sequences for hybridizing to a set of related genes,
introns, exons, splice variants and the like.

For example, the annealing

sequences may hybridize to nucleic acid encoding serine/threonine kinases ortheir complement.

In some cases, the annealing sequences may berandomized at certain positions and specific at other positions, such thatthey may hybridize to more than one member of a set of homologous target
nucleic acids.
The all-DNA first primer may be annealed to a target nucleic acid andextended using a polymerase to generate a first primer extension product.
In some cases, the polymerase may comprise no, or substantially no, strand
displacement activity, for example to avoid whole genome or transcriptome
amplification.

In other cases, a polymerase may be chosen that possesses a

substantial amount of strand displacement activity, for example to enable
whole genome or transcriptome amplification.
***(END)***問３．以下は、ある特許明細書の実施例８の最初の５段落になります。
***(START)***から***(END)***までの部分を日本語に訳してください。
Example 8: Discovery and Characterization of Anti-EpCAM Aptamers***(START)***In this Example, an aptamer to EpCAM identified
using the technique in the Example above is characterized.

After selection

for a pool of EpCAM binding aptamers as described above, the aptamer
library was sequenced using the Ion Torrent standard protocol (LifeTechnologies, Carlsbad, Calif.).

Lead candidates were selected as thosehaving (a) high abundant motifs across all read sequences with full expected
length product and (b) strong secondary structure (FIG. 7B).
Aptamers were selected for EPCAM protein conjugated to MicroPlex
beads in competition with SSX4, SSX2, PBP, KLK2, and SPDEF
recombinant proteins.

A portion of the aptamers was selected in initialrounds against EpCAM that was attached to an Fc tag, and after round 8 theselection was switched to EPCAM with a Histidine tag.

Another portion ofthe aptamers was selected in initial rounds against EpCAM that wasattached to a Histidine tag, and after round 8 the selection was switched toEPCAM with an Fc tag.

Methods of using Fc and histidine tags for protein

purification and capture are known to those of skill in the art. ***(END)***
Aptamer Characterization
CAR003 is an aptamer candidate identified using the above
methodology. As an RNA aptamer, CAR003 with alternate tail sequence has
the following RNA sequence (SEQ ID NO. 5)5′-auccagagug acgcagcagu cuuuucugau ggacacgugg uggucuagua ucacuaagcc
accgugucca-3′
CAR003 was further characterized. EpCAM aptamer CAR003 is
modified as desired by attachment of a biotin moiety on the 5′-end or 3′-end.
The biotin can be used to bind the aptamer using a streptavidin-biotin
system, e.g., for labeling, capture and/or anchoring. FIG. 7B illustrates theoptimal secondary structure of CAR003 with a minimum free energy (ΔG) of−30.00 kcal/mol. For purposes of illustration, the aptamer is shown as an
RNA aptamer (SEQ ID NO. 5) corresponding to the CAR003 DNA sequence(SEQ ID NO. 4).
問４．以下は、ある登録された特許の請求項１になります。全体を日本語に訳してください。
1. A local analgesia and pain relief treatment process for stimulating nervesto deactivate TRPV1 or TRPV2 positive nerve cells, comprising steps of:A) generating pulses of infrared light with a diode laser,B) directing said pulses to illuminate a target skin region containing at least
one or more TRPV1 or TRPV2 positive nerve cells, to deliver laser energy tothe target skin region producing measurable temperature increases in theskin surface temperature in response to each pulse defining for each pulse amaximum skin surface temperature,C) monitoring the skin surface temperature of the target skin region with an
infrared temperature sensor, andD) controlling said diode laser to produce multiple laser pulses with durationof between 50 and 200 ms and repetition rates between 0.1 and 4 pulses per
second and with pulse energies chosen to apply sufficient heat energy in thetarget skin region to maintain the maximum surface temperature of thetarget skin region at approximately 70 oC to 75 oC for at least nine seconds,
producing controlled pain in the target skin region to thereby deactivate theTRPV1 or TRPV2 positive nerve cells to provide local analgesia or pain relief
to the illuminated skin region.