★★★ ＜第32回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第17回和文英訳】＞ ★★★
≪２級課題≫【問 1】
Background Art[0004]
Incidentally, there is a crucial concern to be considered when attempting to
make the ultra-low temperature freezing technique readily available inordinary homes, i.e., when promoting wide-spread use of ultra-low
temperature freezers in ordinary households.
Specifically, the concern pertains to the refrigerants used in domestic
ultra-low temperature freezers.
[0005]
Envisaging wide-spread use of ultra-low temperature freezers in generalhouseholds, a serious concern exists that accidental release of the refrigerant
into the environment leads to a greenhouse gas problem.
It is therefore desirable that refrigerants used in household ultra-low
temperature freezers, i.e., refrigerant used in the refrigerators of suchfreezers, have minimum global warming potential.
However, refrigerants used in existing ultra-low temperature freezers arechlorofluorocarbons (CFC, HCFC) and fluorocarbons, as seen from Patent
Document 1, for example.
Among such refrigerants, those suitable for ultra-low temperature freezingundesirably exhibit global warming potential values on the order of several
thousands. These refrigerants must be said to be unsuitable for use inhousehold ultra-low temperature freezers which are expected to be widelyused.
[0006]As a solution, it is worth considering the use of carbon dioxide which can beused to implement ultra-low temperature freezing while exhibiting global

warming potential value as low as 1.
Household ultra-low temperature freezers which are used in household daily
life are required to have high degree of quietness and energy saving
performance. Use of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant is inadequate whensuch requirements are considered.
【問 2】
Embodiment[0029]
As will be seen from Figs. 1 and 2, the isolation installation 1 described
heretofore employs a transparent barrier sheet 20 which lies over and isspaced a certain distance from the upper body of a patient 200 facing up andlying on a dental chair 100.
The lock mechanism 40 is operable to allow adjustment of the height of thebarrier sheet 20 to enable the barrier sheet 20 to be set to an optimal
position.
[0030]The barrier sheet 20 has an opening 22 through which a hand of the dentist
or the dental hygienist can access the patient’s oral cavity for treatment ordiagnosis using various instruments.
During treatment, any water droplet matter or breathing air which may besplashed or dispersed is blocked by the barrier sheet 20, thus eliminatingproblems such as a risk of infection.
In particular, splashing of droplets from one to another dental chair 100
arranged side by side can effectively be prevented.
[0031]The holder 7 is supported by a swivel mechanism 60 for horizontal swivelingmotion over a predetermined angle. Therefore, the holder 7 can be set to an
optimal position regardless of the state of the stantion 4. This allows thestantion 4 to be oriented in any desired direction, without being limited by
the space around the dental chair 100.
The barrier sheet 20, owing to its light weight, can be stably used regardlessof the position of the holder 7.
[0032]The holder 7 is supported by the aforementioned hinge mechanism 50 forrotation about a horizontal axis. Therefore, the barrier sheet 20 together
with the rod 6A can be swung upward to avoid interfering with the patientwhen the patient is attempting to sit up.
【問 3】
Claims
1. A polymerase chain reaction system for amplifying nucleic acids
contained in a reaction liquid in a container,
the system comprising:lower and upper electrodes which are vertically spaced from each other;an electric field generator:
a first heating unit and a second heating unit for heating, respectively,
the side of the container adjacent to the upper electrode and the side of
the container adjacent to the lower electrode, when the container ispositioned between the lower and upper electrodes: anda controller,
wherein the container is filled with the reaction liquid and a liquid
having a specific gravity less than that of the reaction liquid, and being
immiscible with the reaction liquid,
andwherein the control unit drives and controls the first heating unit and thesecond heating such that a portion of the liquid in an upper part of thecontainer and a portion of the liquid in a lower part of the container reach,
respectively, a first temperature and a second temperature lower than thefirst temperature, while driving and controlling the electric field generator
such that an electric field generated between the lower and upper
electrodes produces a Coulomb force which causes repetitive upward anddownward movement of the reaction liquid spheroidized in the liquid.
2.
The polymerase chain reaction system according to claim 1,
wherein the controller drives and controls the electric field generator suchthat, when a first electric potential is imparted to the lower electrode, analternating electric potential which swings between the first electric
potential and a second electric potential higher than the first electric
potential is imposed on the upper electrode, when the reaction liquid ispositioned in the upper part of the container.

3.
The polymerase chain reaction system according to claim 2,
wherein the controller drives and controls the electric field generator suchthat an electric field is generated between the lower electrode and the upper
electrode so as to develop a third temperature in a region between the upper
portion and the lower portion of the container.