学習院女子大学教授	  古庄	  信・玉川大学教授	  青木 敦男
Makoto Furusho, Professor of Gakushuin Women’sCollegeandAtsuoAoki,

ProfessorofTamagawa

University.
1. Name of Pioneer
Fujiwara, Hiroshi 	  （藤原	  博）	  (1920-2005)
2. Birthplace	 

Dr. Fujiwara was born in Busan, Korea in 1920 and brought up in Onomichi city,Hiroshima.
3. Academic backgroundHe graduated from the Department of English Literature, Faculty of Letters, Tokyo
Imperial University (Tokyo University) in 1942.
4. Professional background
Professor of the Department of English and American Literature, Faculty of Letters,Gakushuin University (1965-1991). Professor of Teikyo University (1991-1997)
5. Social contribution (including academic activities)
On the Word-order of Gospel According to St. Matthew in OE. The Circle for Medieval
English Language and Literature [中世英文学談話会] Tokyo Aoyama Kaikan, 22 December,
1973.
Chairman of the presentation by Takayuki Kishida, Tadayuki Tsuchiya. The Circlefor Medieval English Language and Literature ]中世英文学談話会] Tokyo Aoyama Kaikan, 13July, 1974.
A member of the Japan Society for Medieval English Studies.
Host of the lecture meeting of the Japan Society for Medieval English Studies atGakushuin University, on 5 December, 1981.
Host of the lecture meeting of the Japan Society for Medieval English Studies at
Gakushuin University, inviting on 10 July, 1982.
Host of the lecture meeting of the Japan Society for Medieval English Studies at
Gakushuin University, on 4 December, 1982.
Host of the lecture meeting of the Japan Society for Medieval English Studies at
Gakushuin University, inviting Dr. Bruce Mitchell, Oxford University, as a guest
speaker on 13 November, 1984.
Chairman of the presentation by Yoshihiro Yoshino “Some Neglected Aspects ofNegation in OE Prose” at the National Congress [全国大会] Chukyo University,

6 December, 1866.
Chairman and lecturer of the symposium “On Word-order of the Subordinate
Clause in English”, Otemae Women’s College 2 December, 1990.
6. Personal history (hobby, personality, activities as educator, academic friends)	 

First of all, Dr. Fujiwara was very diligent in his work. He never cancelled hislectures and dedicated his energies to the preparation for every lecture. Also hisattitude to his own study and education was very strict. Especially in his teaching, healways showed his energetic outlook as a scholar to his students at classes. As regards
his special study area, philology and syntax, in which he especially devoted himself tothe study of word order in OE, he made his students consult the OED thoroughly, andhis daily question to them was, “Which number of the list in OED can apply to themeaning of the word?” He not only let the students use the OED, but also preparedand typed extensive notes from it. In this way he showed his students how they should
work as teachers and scholars. At the same time, his students often heard the names ofthe famous Japanese philologists and linguists, such as Kikuo Miyabe, Shoichi
Watanabe, Shigeru Ono, Yoshio Terasawa and so on, during his lessons. Dr. Terasawa,Dr. Ono, Dr. Watanabe and Dr. Fujiwara were all under the direction of Dr. Miyabe. Sowith these great scholars, his competitors in his early career, he made a monumental
contribution to inaugurating an epoch in English linguistic study in Japan.
He held a reading circle for us once a week while we were still in college. There are
now many books which are intended for elementary Old English learners. One of thetypical introductory books is A Guide to Old English, by Dr. Bruce Mitchell, a greatphilologist. As is well known, at that time, Sweet’s Anglo-Saxon Primer was a common
elementary textbook, whereas today there are many books for beginners, such as
Bruce Mitchell’s A Guide to Old English. Dr. Fujiwara read the Gospel of SaintMatthew together with his disciples. That was the first time for them to learn thebasics of Old English, which took them a long time to understand. But to him hisfollowers at Gakushuin owe what they are. Even now they recall that he would walkwith a slight stoop on campus. The following episode will tell a lot about his character.
He used to keep saying with a smile on his face in class, “I’ll explain this passage to you
once again …,” “Hi, guys. If you don’t understand, … This is the last chance for you.”“When I write an article in Japanese, it is just for fun. On the other hand, when I do itin English, it means I do it seriously,” and so on.

7. List of Publications (books and articles)[Books]“Collected Papers on Word Order and Infinitive in English” Gakushuin Library Series
2. 1977.
“The OE Relataive Particle þe” Poetica 15-16 (Shubun International, Tokyo), pp. 49-56.
1983.

“Introducing the Structure of English” (Standard English Lectures 5, edit. by ShoichiWatanabe) Taishukan, Tokyo. 1984. （「スタンダード英語講座[5]英語の構造」）“The Life of King Richard the Third” (Japanese Translation of The History of King Richard
the Third by Master Thomas More, Undersheriff of London c. 1513) Senjo. 1986.
“The Relative Clauses in Beowulf” Linguistics across Historical and Geographical
Boundaries in Honour of J. Fisiak vol. 1: Linguistic Theory and Historical Linguistics,ed. D. Kastovsky and A. Szwedek. (Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs 32,Mouton de Gruyter) pp. 311-316. 1986.
“The VSO Construction in Beowulf” Philologia Anglica: Essays Presented to Professor
Yoshio Terasawa on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday, ed. Kinshiro Oshitari.
Kenkyusha, Tokyo. pp. 60-70. 1988.
Wilhelm Franz’ “Zur Syntax des älteren Neuenglisch”, Englische Studien 17 (1892)-20(1895) Translation by Kikuo Miyabe, Hiroshi Fujiwara and Tadao Kubouchi.:Nan’un-do,Tokyo. 1991.
“Word-Order in English” Medieval English Literature Symposium Series 7. Gaku Shobo,Tokyo. 1994.
[Articles]
The Overseas News 海外新潮	  E. J. Dobson: The English Text of the Ancrene Riwle
Edited from B. M. Cotton MS. Cleopatra C. VI (EETS No. 267), Studies in English
Literature. The English Literary Society of Japan. pp. 327-331. vol. L, No.2. 1974.
The Overseas News 海外新潮	  E. J. Dobson: The Origins of Ancrene Wisse, Studies inEnglish Literature. The English Literary Society of Japan. pp. 183- 186. vol. LVI. 1979.
“On the Word Order in the Phrase of the To-Infinitive during the Transitional Period
from OE to ME” Essays and Studies 13. (Faculty of Letters, Gakushuin University,Tokyo) pp. 61-81.5 February, 1967. ISSN: 04331117
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10959/2311 1-59+(1953-2012)“What was the Original Language of the Ancrene Riwle?” Essays and Studies 14.
(Faculty of Letters, Gakushuin University, Tokyo) pp. 53-73. 5 February, 1968. ISSN:04331117 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10959/2315“Some Aspects of Word Order in Old English” Essays and Studies 21. (Faculty of Letters,Gakushuin University, Tokyo) pp. 77-166. 20 March, 1975. ISSN: 04331117, URI:
http://hdl.handle.net/10959/2357“Sweord” Key-Word Studies in Beowulf 1 (Centre for Medieval English Studies, Tokyo),pp. 1-11. 1984.

“Sigeeadig bil, ealdsweord eotenisc ecgum þyhtig (Beowulf 1557-1559a)” The Annual
Collection of Essays and Studies 32. (Faculty of Letters, Gakushuin University, Tokyo)
pp. 25-35. 1985.

“ealdsweord… ecgum þyhtig.” (Japanese title: 「刃もて強き古の剣」Yaiba mote tsuyoki
inishie no tsurugi.) Essays and Studies 32. (Faculty of Letters, Gakushuin University,Tokyo) pp. 25-35. 20 March, 1986. ISSN: 04331117 URI: http:// /hdl.handle.net/10959/2422“Pagan & Christian Strata in Beowulf” Bulletin of the Language Institute of Gakushuin
University 10, 108-21. 1987.
“An Interpretation of Hamlet from the View Point of a Mediaevalist” Bulletin of theLanguage Institute of Gakushuin University 11. pp. 27-44. 1988.
“Element Order in the Peterborough Chronicle 1070-1121 (1)” Essays and Studies 36.
(Faculty of Letters, Gakushuin University, Tokyo) pp. 99-118. 20 March, 1990. ISSN:04331117 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10959/2460「英語のアルファベットの発音について」“On the Pronunciation of the English Alphabet”
Bulletin of the Language Institute of Gakushuin University 13. pp. 114-119. 1990.
“Element Order in the Peterborough Chronicle 1070-1121 (2)” Essays and Studies 37.
(Faculty of Letters, Gakushuin University, Tokyo) pp. 89-107. 20 March, 1991. ISSN:04331117 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10959/2469“Faire is foule, and foule is faire.” Bulletin of the Language Institute of Gakushuin
University 15. pp. 64-65. 1992.
「Shakespeare の無韻詩への道」 “The Road to Shakespeare’s Blank Verse” Bulletin of
the Language Institute of Gakushuin University 16. pp. 35-47. 1993.
“Landmarks of Word Order Study (1)” Bulletin of the Department of English, Teikyo
University 25. (Teikyo University, Hachioji, Tokyo) 1994.
“A Comparative Study of the Literature in OE and ON” The Rising Generation[Eigo-seinen], Kenkyu-sha, Tokyo) January 1994.
「不定詞と語順---語学的エッセイ」 “Infinitive and Word Order: Linguistic Essay” 廣岡
英雄先生喜寿記念論文集	  pp. 79-83. 1994.
“Landmarks of Word Order Study (2)” Bulletin of the Department of English, Teikyo
University 26. (Teikyo University, Hachioji, Tokyo) 1995.
“Landmarks of Word Order Study (3)” Bulletin of the Department of English, Teikyo
University 27. (Teikyo University, Hachioji, Tokyo) 1996.

“Carwash and Rent-A-Car: A Typological Investigation” Studia Anglica PosnaniensiaXXXI (Festschrift for Roger Lass on his sixtieth birthday), pp. 58-66. 1997.

[Review]
Michiko Ogura: Old English ‘Impersonal Verbs and Expressions’ Studies in English

Literature, English Number (The English Literary Society of Japan) pp. 124-127. 1988.
8. Characteristics of research areas and fostering of successors
We can trace most of his studies that were published in the bulletin of Gakushuin
University, where he devoted twenty-six years of his life to teaching and his own
research. After resigning from Gakushuin, he moved to Teikyo University andcontinued his calling as a teacher and a scholar for six years.
Between the 1960s and 1980s, his main interest was in the word order of OE, inparticular the explanation for its conservativeness. This resulted in his articles andbooks such as “On the Word Order in the Phrase of the To-Infinitive during theTransitional Period from OE to ME” (1967), “Some Aspects of Word Order in Old
English” (1975), “Collected Papers on Word Order and Infinitive in English”(1977), “TheRelative Clauses in Beowulf” (1986) and “The VSO Construction in Beowulf” (1987).
But at the same time, another object of his study in 1980s can be seen in theinvestigation of key-words such as sweord, eard, and some animal names in Beowulf,
where an attempt is made to consider pagan and Christian elements in Anglo-Saxon
civilization. Such researches are seen in “Sweord, Key-Word Studies in Beowulf 1”(1984), “Sigeeadig bil, ealdsweord eotenisc ecgum þyhtig (Beowulf 1557-1559a)” (1985),
and “Pagan & Christian Strata in Beowulf” (1987).
In addition to his OE studies, he tried to interpret Hamlet in the tradition of the oral
heroic epic, with reference to Saxo and Belleforest in his “An Interpretation of Hamletfrom the Viewpoint of a Mediaevalist” (1988). His interest was also shown in EModE, bypublishing “The Life of King Richard the Third” (Japanese Translation of The History ofKing Richard the Third by Master Thomas More, Undersheriff of London c. 1513) in 1986.
In 1990s, his word order studies of OE continued. We can see this in the two volumesof “Element Order in the Peterborough Chronicle 1070-1121 (1) in 1990 and (2) in 1991”.
Furthermore, his life-long study of word-order concluded with the monumental trilogyof “Element Order in the Peterborough Chronicle 1070-1121 (1)”in 1994, (2) in 1995 and(3) in 1996. In the meantime he produced an article for publication in an overseas
scholarly journal in 1997. He tried to openly raise an objection to Lightfoot (1979),
which criticizes the theory of language typology by taking up the problem of compounds.
He reconsidered compounds, arguing against Lightfoot and to some extent Lehmann,
while supporting Vennemann’s views. At the same time as these word-order studies, heshowed us his talent in a phonological study, “On the Pronunciation of the English
Alphabet” (1990), in which he clearly and skillfully explains why English alphabet “a”
came to be pronounced /ei/, drawing on linguists such as Curme, Mossé and Jones.
His concern as a linguist did not end in word order, but extended to the literature in
the Anglo-Saxon and early Modern English period, as in “Faire is foule, and foule isfaire” in 1992 and “A Comparative Study of the Literature in OE and ON” in 1994.
As for his educational endeavours, he raised his successors in a wide range ofpositions in English education and research: Kazuo Nakajima, professor of Seinan
Gakuin University; Toshiaki Fukasawa, professor of Kanagawa University, Makoto
Hayasaka and Takayuki Kishida, former professors of Gakushuin University; KeikoOzeki, professor of Jissen Women’s Educational Institute, Atsuo Aoki, professor ofTamagawa University and Makoto Furusho, professor of Gakushuin Women’s College,and many English teachers in high schools in Japan.
Dr. Fujiwara, who had a profound knowledge of English Literature and was an
ardent admirer of W. B. Yeats while young, devoted himself to the study of thedevelopment of English word order from the viewpoint of language typology.
He would often say that he was enormously impressed with Jespersen every time heread A Modern English Grammar and quote passages from it in class. Finally, hisfavorite linguist was W. P. Lehmann.
It is not too much to say that he is undoubtedly one of the scholars who has made amajor contribution to the Japan Society for Medieval English Studies.
9. Obituary“Collected Papers of Festschrift for Dr. Hiroshi Fujiwara: Look at the Lilies, how
they grow.” ed. Atsuo Aoki and Makoto Furusho. Eiho-sha. Tokyo. 2007.
10. Some episodic information
In contrast to the strict stance mentioned above, he sometimes made his students
laugh with a tiny joke during the classes. His usual comment at the beginning of hislessons was, “I have been making my own notes from OED until dawn, so I am tired.”In order to prove his efforts, he always distributed the copies of his own notes so as toteach his students how to consult the OED. With such an insistent approach, heenlightened every student in his classes.
He loved his family and his favorite TV program was a Japanese samurai drama.
After 26 years’ service at Gakushuin University, he moved to Teikyo University in1991 and continued his scholarly life for seven years. When he died at the age of 85 in
2005, Furusho, one of the writers visited his house to mourn his death, too. There in
his study, an OED was left opened on his desk, by which he was laid peacefully. It
seemed that he was not dead but just sleeping and at the next moment he was about towake up and start his study again. We can surely say that he kept pursuing hisscholarly goals until just before his death. He was a church member of Fujimigaoka
Church in Nerima city, Tokyo, where his funeral was performed in the same year.
Undoubtedly, he was called to heaven as an enthusiastic scholar as well as a Christian.
He was a man.