★★★ ＜第32回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第17回和文英訳】＞ ★★★
≪１級課題 -バイオテクノロジー-≫【問 1】[0004]On the other hand, silkworms are classified based on their life cycle into
univoltine strains, bivoltine strains, and multivoltine strains. A univoltine
strain refers to a strain which develops into an adult insect once a year whenbred under natural conditions. Many strains of silkworms are univoltinestrains. Univoltine silkworm strains are known to diapause in the egg
stage.
This characteristic is retained even after the egg has been
microinjected, and, therefore, to generate genetically modified silkworms ina short period of time without allowing the eggs to diapause, mutant strainsthat do not diapause or multivoltine strains, which are non-diapausing
strains, are typically used. However, since these strains are laboratory
strains, there are issues in terms of metric traits and the like, and to utilize
silkworms industrially as hosts in mass production systems, it was necessary
to obtain non-diapausing eggs from practical strains which arenon-diapausing strains.

【問 2】
Regarding the method of the present invention for producing an extract forcell-free protein synthesis, the present method is characterized in that themiddle silk gland of a silkworm strain that does not specifically produce
fibroin can readily be removed, even by using a previously reported method
as the method for removing the middle silk gland of a wild-type silkworm
strain (see JP 2007-210902 A), compared with conventional methods for
producing extracts using the posterior silk gland or fat bodies. Moreover, as
mentioned below, the inventors developed a method for removing the middle
silk gland of a silkworm strain that does not specifically produce fibroin in ashorter period of time compared with the conventional methods.

【問 3】AML-MT cells were cultured in the presence of Gnetin C for 24 hours andthen stained with Annexin-FITC, followed by flow cytometry analysis. Inaddition, the cells attached to glass slides using a cytospin were stained withGiemsa, and cell morphology was evaluated with a light microscope.
AML-MT cells were cultured in the presence of Gnetin C at the indicatedconcentration for 12 hours, and the cells stained with MitoCapture wereobserved with a fluorescence microscope. Due to the ability of Gnetin C toinhibit cell proliferation in the AML cells, typical morphological signs ofapoptosis including cell membrane protrusions, condensed chromatin,
nucleus fragmentation, and a trace amount of condensed basophilic
cytoplasm are observed in the Annexin-V staining assay and the Giemsa
staining. These signs are similar to those in the apoptosis induction
observed in patient-derived AML cells.
Interestingly, a significant
reduction in membrane potential was observed in the Gnetin C-treated cells.
This suggests that the cell apoptosis induced by Gnetin C is caused by
mitochondrial membrane dysfunction.
【問 4】
Claims:1.
A function-improving drug for an immune-exhausted CD8+ T cell,comprising a biguanide antidiabetic drug selected from the group consistingof phenformin, buformin, and metformin.
2.
The function-improving drug according to Claim 1, whereincytokine-producing ability of an immune-exhausted CD8+ T cell is recovered.
3.
The function-improving drug according to Claim 2, wherein theimmune-exhausted T cell expresses an exhaustion marker, and thecytokine-producing ability of an immune-exhausted CD8+ T cell expressing
the exhaustion marker is recovered.
4.
The function-improving drug according to any one of Claims 1-4,wherein apoptosis of a CD8+ T cell is suppressed.

5.
An anti-tumor therapeutic agent for a tumor patient withimmune-exhaustion,comprising,as anactiveingredient,
thefunction-improving drug according to any one of Claims 1-4.
6.
The therapeutic agent according to Claim 5, wherein theimmune-exhaustion is caused by expression of an exhaustion marker of aCD8+ T cell.
7.
The therapeutic agent according to Claim 6, wherein the exhaustion
marker is selected from the group consisting of Programmed cell death
protein 1 (PD-1) and T-cell membrane protein 3 (Tim-3).
8.
The therapeutic agent according to any one of Claims 5-7, wherein
the active ingredient is administered to a tumor patient not having received
chemical therapy or radiation therapy for a tumor.