੩ ㇺ ᄢ ቇ 㒐 ἴ ⎇ ⓥ ᚲ ᐕ ႎ ╙ภ ᐔᚑᐕ᦬
Annuals of DisasPrevResInstKyoto UnivNoB ㇺᏒၞ䈫䈠䈱๟ㄝ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇ᓸ㊂ᚑಽỚᐲ䈫䈠䈱ᄌേ㩿㸋㪀ĽㇺᏒၞ䈫㇠ᄖ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮ỚᐲᏅ Ľጤ᎑᮸਽䊶᫪ጊ⨃ 䊶⑔ጊ⮍䋪䋪䋪䋪䋪䋪ᣣᧄᄢቇ↢↥Ꮏቇㇱਃ㊀ᄢቇ↢‛⾗Ḯቇㇱⷐᣦ࿖ౝᄖ䈱⻉ㇺᏒ䈱ਛᔃㇱ ߣߘߩ๟ㄝߦ߅޿ߡ࿾⴫ઃㄭߩᄢ᳇ࡔ࠲ࡦỚᐲࠍ᷹ቯߒߡ㧘ㇺᏒਛᔃㇱߣㄭ㇠ߩࡔ࠲ࡦỚᐲᏅࠍ᳞߼㧘ੱ㑆ᵴേߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿖ౝ෸䈶᰷Ꮊ䊶ർ☨䊶⽕Ꮊ䈱⻉ㇺᏒ䈱ਛᔃㇱ䈫⧞ㄭ㇠䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮Ớᐲ䈱Ꮕ䈲䋬ㇺᏒၞ䈱ੱ㑆ᵴേ䉇ㇺᏒⷙᮨ䈮ଐሽ䈚䈩䈍䉍䋬ੱญ䉇ㇺᏒ䈱ᄢ䈐䈘䈭䈬䉕↪䈇䈢䋱ᰴᑼ䈪⴫⃻䈪䈐䉎䈖䈫䋬䊗䉾䉪䉴䊝䊂䊦䉕ㆡ↪ㇺᏒၞ䈎䉌䈱䊜䉺䊮⊒↢㊂䈱▚ቯ䈏น⢻䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䉕␜䈜䇯䉨䋭䊪䋭䊄㪑 ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮Ớᐲ䋬䊜䉺䊮⊒↢㊂䋬ㇺᏒ䊝䊂䊦ඨᓘ䋬ੱ㑆ᵴേ䋬ੱญ䋬ੱญኒᐲ䋱㪅ᐨ㑆ᵴേ䈱ᵴ⊒䈭ㇺᏒ䉕ઍ⴫䈜䉎ฬฎደᏒ䉇䈠䈱๟ㄝᄢ ᳇ᓸ ㊂ᚑ ಽ 䈱৻ 䈧䈪 䈅䉎 䊜䉺䊮䈱ታ ᘒᛠី 䈲ో䈱ᗲ⍮⋵䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮ಽᏓ䈫ᄌേ䈮䈧䈇䈩⺞ᩏ࿾⃿⊛ⅣႺ໧㗴䉕⠨䈋䉎㓙䈮䉅㊀ⷐ䈪䈅䉎䇯䈜䈭䉒䈤䋬⸃ᨆ䉕ㅴ䉄䈢䇯䈖䈱⸃ᨆ䈪 ᓧ䈢ㇺᏒၞ䈫䈠䈱๟ㄝㇱ䈱ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮䈲ੑ㉄ൻ ὇⚛䈱 ⚂㪉㪇୚䈱᷷ ቶല ᨐ䉕᦭ 䈚Ớ ᐲ ಽ Ꮣ 䈮 䈧 䈇 䈩 ⏕ ⹺ 䊶 ᬌ ⸛ 䈜 䉎䈢 䉄䈮 䋬 ⎇ ⓥ ኻ ⽎䈩䈍䉍䋬䈠䈱ỚᐲಽᏓ䉇⊒↢㊂䈭䈬䈱⺞ᩏ䊶⎇ⓥ䈲䉁ၞ䉕 ᜛ᒛ䈚䈩䋬દ൓ḧጯ䈮ᴪ䈦䈢 ㇺᏒ ၞ䉇ਃᴡḧౝ䈣ᰳ䈎䈞 䈭䈇䇯․䈮 ㇺᏒၞ ෸䈶䈠䈱๟ ㄝ䈮䈍䈔䉎 ੱ䈱 ૒ ਭ ፉ 䈪 䈱 ⷰ ᷹ 䋬દ ൓ ḧ 䊶 ਃ ᴡ ḧ 䈮 䈍 䈔 䉎ਃ ㊀ᄢ

㑆 ᵴ േ 䈮 ઻ 䈉 Ớ ᐲ ᄌ േ 䉇 䈠 䈱 ⊒ ↢ ㊂ ⹏ ଔ 䈲 䈫䉍 䉒 䈔ቇታ⠌⦁䇸൓᳓ਣ䇹䈮䉋䉎ᶏ਄᷹ⷰ䉕ㅴ䉄䈢䇯䈘䉌䈮ᾢ㊀ⷐ䈭⺖㗴䈱৻䈧䈪䈅䉎䇯䈖䉏䉁䈪䋬ㇺᏒၞ෸䈶䈠䈱㊁ἥ䈭䈬䈱ᄖᵗၞ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᶏ਄᷹ⷰ䉕ታᣉ䈜䉎䈫䈫䉅๟ㄝ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮䈮ᵈ⋡䈚䈩䋬䈠䈱ỚᐲಽᏓ䉇䈮䋬䊋䉾䉪䉫䊤䉡䊮䊄Ớᐲ䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱⺞ᩏ䉕⹜䉂䋬⎇ⓥᄌേ䈱⹦⚦䈮䈧䈇䈩⺞ᩏ䊶⸃ᨆ䉕ㅴ䉄䈩䈐䈢䈀ጤ᎑㪃ኻ⽎ၞ䉕ฬฎደᏒ䊶ᗲ⍮⋵䈎䉌䋬દ൓ḧ䋬દ็ጊ๟ㄝ㪈㪐㪐㪎㪃㪈㪐㪐㪏䋻ጤ᎑䉌㪃㪈㪐㪐㪐㪃㪉㪇㪇㪇㪃㪉㪇㪇㪈㪃㪉㪇㪇㪉㪃㪉㪇㪇㪋㪸㪃㪹䋻ጤ䉇 ℚ ℛ ḓ 㩿ṑ ⾐ ⋵ 㪀෸ 䈶䈠 䈱 ๟ ㄝ ᐭ⋵ 䈻 䈫᜛ ᒛ 䈚 䈩䈐᎑䊶᧛᧻㪃㪈㪐㪐㪍㪸㪃㪹㪃㪈㪐㪐㪎㪸㪃㪹㪃㪈㪐㪐㪏䈁䇯䈢䇯ᧄႎ๔䈲䈖䉏䉌䈱⚻㛎䉕䉅䈫䈮ㇺᏒၞ䈎䉌䈱䊜䉺䊮ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮䈱ో࿾⃿⊛䈭Ⴧട௑ะ䈲䋬䉇䉇㊰䈦䈩䈐⊒↢㩿✚㪀㊂䈱▚ቯ䉕⹜䉂䉎䈢䉄䈮䋬ㇺᏒㇱ䈫ㄭ㇠䈱䊜䈩䈲䈇 䉎䉅䈱䈱䋬䉁 䈣ᒁ 䈐⛯ 䈇 䈩Ⴧ ട௑ ะ 䈮䈅 䉎䇯ో䉺䊮Ớᐲ䉕᷹ቯ䈚䈩䋬ੱ㑆ᵴേ䈫䈱㑐ଥ䈮䈧䈇䈩ᬌ⸛࿾⃿ ⊛䈮 䉂䈢 ႐ว 䈮 䈲䋬Ḩ ࿾䊶᳓ ↰䊶ኅ⇓ 䈭䈬 䈮䉋䉎䈚䈢䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯㪉㪇㪇㪊ᐕᐲ䈮ታᣉ䈚䈢੍஻⊛ᬌ⸛⚿ᨐነਈ䈏ᄢ䈐䈒䋬࿾ၞ⊛䈮䉂䉎䈫䋬ㇺᏒ䈪䈲ੱ㑆ᵴേ䈮㩿ጤ᎑䉌 䋬㪉㪇㪇㪋㪸㪀䈮ၮ䈨䈇䈩䋬䉋䉍ᄙ䈒䈱ㇺᏒ䈮䈧䈇䈩䉋䈦䈩⊒↢䈚䈢ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮䈏䊋䉾䉪䉫䊤䉡䊮䊄Ớᐲ䈮ട⺞ᩏ䉕ㅴ䉄䈢䇯ᧄⓂ䈲䋬䇸ᣣᧄᄢቇ✚㐳ᜰቯ䈱✚ว䉒䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯᧛᧻㩿㪈㪐㪏㪐㪃 㪈㪐㪐㪋㪀䈲䋬ᄢ㒋䉇੩ㇺ䈭䈬䈱⎇ ⓥ䇹 䈱 ৻ㇱ 䈫䈚䈩䋬㪉㪇㪇㪊㪆㪉㪇㪇㪋ᐕᐲ䈮 ታᣉ䈚 䈢࿖ౝㇺᏒၞ䈱ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮䈮䈲⥄േゞ䈎䉌䈱ነਈ䈏ᄢ䈐䈇䈖ᄖ䈱⻉ㇺᏒ䈫䈠䈱ㄭ㇠䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮᷹ⷰ䊶◲ᤃ䈫䉕␜䈚䈢䇯ጤ᎑䊶᧛᧻㩿㪈㪐㪐㪍㪸㪃㪹㪃㪈㪐㪐㪎㪸㪃㪹㪃㪈㪐㪐㪏㪀䈲䋬ੱ᳇⽎᷹ⷰ⚿ᨐ䈮ၮ䈨䈒䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯䋲㪅 ⓨ᳇⹜ᢱណข䊶ಽᨆᣇᴺ䉪䉫䊤䉡䊮䊄㪀䈫䈱ỚᐲᏅ䈏⛽ᜬ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈪䈅䉐䈉䇯䈠䈖䈪䋬䊜䉺䊮Ớᐲ䈱ᣣᄌൻ䈎䉌䉂䈩ᤨ㑆ᄌൻ䈏ዊ䈘䈇ⓨ ᳇ណ ข෸ 䈶 ◲ᤃ ᳇⽎ ⷰ ᷹䈱ታ ᣉᦼ㑆 䉇ቄ ▵䈏ᤤ㑆䈱Ớᐲ ᭂዊ䈫䈭䉎ᤨ㑆 Ꮺ䈮⻉ㇺᏒ䈱ਛᔃㇱ䈫㇠⇣䈭䉎䈏䋬㪉㪇㪇㪊ᐕ䋳᦬એ㒠䈮࿖ౝ䊶ᶏᄖ䈱⻉ㇺᏒ䈪㪈㪇ᄖ䈪ⓨ᳇䉕ណข䊶ಽᨆ䈚䋬ỚᐲᏅ䉕᳞䉄䈩㪃 䈖䈱Ớᐲᢙ࿁䈮ಽ䈔䈩ታᣉ䈚䈢㩿㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼 㪈 㪀䇯䈇䈝䉏䉅ઍ⴫⊛䈭䉅Ꮕ䉕䋬ੱ㑆ᵴേ䉕⴫䉒䈜৻䈧䈱ዤᐲ䈫䈚䈩ណ↪䈚䈢ੱ䈱䈫䈭䉎䉋䈉䈮ᤨᦼ䉇ᤨ㑆Ꮺ䉕ㆬ䉖䈪ⓨ᳇ណข䉕ⴕ䈦ญ䉇ੱญኒᐲ䈫ኻᲧ䈚䈩䉂䉎䈖䈫䈮䈚䈢䇯䈢䇯䈚䈎䈚䈭䈏䉌䋬ណข䊶᷹ⷰ▎ᚲ䈮䉋䈦䈩䈲ᄤ୥䈭䈬⻉⥸䈱੐ᖱ䈎䉌ᤨ㑆Ꮺ䉇ᄤ୥᧦ઙ䈏ᔅ䈝䈚䉅⦟ᅢ䈭㪊㪅㪈 ੱ㑆ᵴേᐲ䈱ᜰᮡ䈫䈚䈩ੱญ䉕↪䈇䈢႐ว䉅䈱䈪䈲䈭䈎䈦䈢䇯䈖䈱䉋䈉䈮䋬ᄤ୥䈏ᖡ䈒᣿䉌䈎䈮ઍੱ 㑆 ᵴ േ ᐲ 䈱 ᜰ ᮡ 䊶 ዤ ᐲ 䈫 䈚 䈩 䇸 ੱ ญ 䇹 䉕 ↪ 䈇 䈩䋬⴫ᕈ䈏ᖡ䈇䉅䈱䈲㒰ᄖ䈚䈢䇯䇸ㇺᏒਛᔃㇱ䈫㇠ᄖ䈱䊜䉺䊮Ớᐲ䈱Ꮕ䇹䈮ኻᲧ䈚䈩䉁䈫ណ ข䈚 䈢ⓨ ᳇⹜ ᢱ 䈲⎇ ⓥቶ 䈮ᜬ 䈤Ꮻ 䉍䋬㒐ἴ⎇ ⓥ

䉄 䈢 ႐ ว 䈏 㪝㫀㪾㪅㪈 䈪䈅 䉎 䇯 ࿖ ౝ䊶 ᄖ 䈱 䈇 䈝 䉏 䈱 ㇺᏒᚲᄢ᳇ἴኂ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ἴኂ᳇୥⎇ⓥಽ㊁䈱䉧䉴䉪䊨䊙䈮䈍䈇䈩䉅䋬䇸䊜䉺䊮ỚᐲᏅ㩿㪰㪀䇹䈏䇸 ੱญ㩿㪯㪀䇹䈮Ყ଀䈚䊃䉫䊤 䊐 䌛ፉᵤ ⵾૞ ᚲ ⵾㪞㪚㪄㪏㪘㪧㪝㪒᳓⚛ 䉟䉥䊮ൻᬌ ಴䈩䈇䉎䉋䈉䈪䈅䉎䇯࿁Ꮻᑼ䈲ᰴ䈱䉋䈉䈮䈭䈦䈢䇯ེ㪝㪠㪛䊶 䊝䊧 䉨䊠䊤 䉲䋭䊑㪌㪘లႯ䉧䊤䉴䉦䊤䊛૶↪䌝䈮࿖ౝ⻉ㇺᏒ䋺䉋䉍ಽᨆ䈚䈢䇯ᶏᄖ⻉ㇺᏒ㧦 䌙䋽  +  㫏㪈㪇㪁㪁㩿㪄㪌㪀㪯䌙䋽㪇㪅㪇㪇㪌㪇㪋 㪂 㪈㪅㪊㪎㪏㫏㪈㪇㪁㪁㩿㪄㪌㪀㪯䈠䉏䈡䉏䈱ଥᢙ䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲 䌴ᬌቯ䈮䉋䉍䋬䉁䈢࿁Ꮻᑼ㪊㪅ㇺᏒ䊶㇠ᄖ䊜䉺䊮ỚᐲᏅ䈫ੱ㑆ᵴേᐲ䈲ಽᢔᲧ䈱䌆ᬌቯ䈮䉋䈦䈩㪇㪅㪌㩼᳓Ḱ䈪䉅᦭ᗧ䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䉕⏕⹺䈚䈢䇯࿖ౝㇺᏒ䋺⥄↱ᐲ㪔㪈㪎䋻䌴㪔㪊㪅㪌㪐㪎 䋻㪝㪔㪈㪉㪅㪐 㪃ㇺ Ꮢ ၞ 䈪䈲䋬 ᐨ 䈪䉅ㅀ 䈼 䈢䉋 䈉 䈭⥄ േ ゞ䈎 䉌 䈱䊜䉺ᶏᄖㇺᏒ䋺⥄↱ᐲ㪔㪈㪐䊮ឃ಴એᄖ䈮䉅䋬䈘䉁䈙䉁䈭⊒↢Ḯ䈎䉌䈱ឃ಴䈏⠨䈋䌴㪔㪍㪅㪉㪉㪐 䋻㪝㪔㪊㪏㪅㪏䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯䈇䈝䉏䈮䈚䈩䉅䈠䈱ឃ಴㊂䈲ੱ㑆ᵴേ䈮ห ⒟ᐲ 䈱ੱ ญ䈮 䈧 䈇䈩࿖ౝ 䈱႐ ว 䈮Ყ䈼 䉎䈫䋬ᶏᄖଐሽ䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯ੱ㑆ᵴേ䈲䋬᭎⇛䈪䈲ੱญ䈮Ყ଀䈚䈩ㇺᏒ䈱ỚᐲᏅ䈏䉇䉇ᄢ䈐䈇䉋䈉䈪䈅䉎䇯䌛࿖ౝ䊶ᄖ䈇䈝䈇䉎䈪䈅䉐䈉䇯䈜䈭䉒䈤䋬ㇺᏒၞ䈎䉌䈱䊜䉺䊮⊒↢㊂䈲䉏䉅ੱญ䈱ᄙ䈇ㇺᏒ䈱ᢙ䈏䉁䈣ਇ⿷䈚䈩䈍䉍䋬੹ᓟ䈘ੱญ 䈮 Ყ ଀ 䈚 䈩䈇 䉎 䈫⠨䈋 䈩䉅䉋䈇䈣 䉐䈉䇯䈘䉌 䈮 䋬ㇺ䉌䈮ᄢㇺᏒ䈱᷹ⷰ䉕ታᣉㅊട䈚䈢䈇䇯䌝Ꮢၞ䈎䉌 䈱䊜䉺䊮⊒ ↢䈮䉋䉍䋬ㇺ Ꮢਛᔃ ㇱ䈫ㄭ ㇠㩿䊋䉾

Table  Sites and term of air-sampling and observing of air temperature relative humidity and speed and direction ofwind near the ground
TermSampling & Observing Cities

2003/3/2-5

Kushiro 䊶 Otaru 䊶 Sapporo 䊶 Akita

2004/2/23-26

Hiroshima 䊶 Fukuoka 䊶 Beppu 䊶 Oita 䊶 Miyazaki 䊶 Kagoshima 䊶 Matsuyama 䊶 Okayama

2004/2/28,29

Ogaki 䊶 Gifu

2004/3/2-4

Fukui 䊶 Kanazawa 䊶 Toyama 䊶 Niigata 䊶 Takasaki 䊶 Shizuoka

2004/3/8-10

Asahikawa 䊶 Hakodate 䊶 Sendai

2004/6/8

Chiba

2004/6/28-30

Himeji 䊶 Matsue 䊶 Sakaiminato 䊶 Yonago 䊶 Tottori

2005/1/19-22

Naha 䊶 Kumamoto 䊶 Nagasaki 䊶 Fukuyama 䊶 Kurashiki

2003/9/9-21

Amsterdam 䊶 Stockholm 䊶 Zurich 䊶 Wien 䊶 London

2004/9/10-28

Vancouver 䊶 Victoria 䊶 Winnipeg 䊶 Toront 䊶 Quebec 䊶 Ottawa 䊶 Motreal 䊶 Reykjavik 䊶 London

2005/2/14-18

Brisbane 䊶 Melbourne 䊶 Sydney

2003/9/16-18

Oslo 䊶 Tromso

2004/9/14-24

Edinburgh 䊶 Glasgow 䊶 Uppsala 䊶 Copenhagen- -aa䂦㪚㪟㪋㩷㫍㫊㩷㪧㪦㪧㪬㪣㪘㪫㪠㪦㪥㩷㫇㫇㫄㪭㫇 㫇㫄 㪭䂦 㪚 㪟㪋㩷㫍㫊㩷㪧㪦㪧 㪬㪣㪘㪫 㪠㪦 㪥㪆㪩㪇 㪅㪇 㪋㪇㪅㪇㪋㪡 㪸㫇 㪸 㫅㪡㪸 㫇㪸㫅㪇㪅㪇㪊㪇 㪅㪇 㪊㪇㪅㪇㪉㪇 㪅㪇 㪉㪇㪅㪇㪈㪇㪅㪇㪈㪇㪇㪇㪌㪇㪇㪈㪇㪇㪇㪈㪌㪇㪇㪇㪉㪇㪇㪇㪉㪇㪋㪇㪍㪇b㪇㪅㪈㪉㪜㫌㫉㫆㫇㪼㪃㩷㪚㪸㫅㪸㪻㪸㩷㩽㩷㪘㫌㫊㫋㫉㪸㫃㫀㪸㪜㫌㫉㫆㫇㪼㪃㩷㪚㪸㫅㪸㪻㪸 㩷㩽㩷㪘㫌㫊㫋㫉㪸 㫃㫀㪸㪇㪅㪈㪇㪅㪈㪇㪅㪇㪏㪇㪅㪇㪏㪇㪅㪇㪍㪇㪅㪇㪍㪇㪅㪇㪋㪇㪅㪇㪋㪇㪅㪇㪉㪇㪅㪇㪉㪇㪈㪉㪊㪈㪉㪇䂦㪚㪟㪋㩷㫍㫊㩷㪧㪦㪧㪬㪣㪘㪫㪠㪦㪥㪆㪩㩷㫇㫇㫄㪭㪇㪅㪈㪉㪇㪈㪇㪇b䂦㪚㪟㪋㩷㫍㫊㩷㪧㪦㪧㪬㪣㪘㪫㪠㪦㪥㩷㫇㫇㫄㪭㪏㪇㪧 㪦 㪧 㪬 㪣 㪘 㪫 㪠㪦 㪥 㪆 㪩㪑㩷㩷㫏㪈㪃㪇 㪇㪇㩷㫇 㫇 㫃㫊㪆㫂㫄㪧㪦㪧㪬㪣㪘㪫㪠㪦㪥㪑㩷㩷㫏㪈㪃㪇㪇㪇㩷㫇㫇㫃㫊㪋㪌㪍㪎㪇㪏㪇㪌㪇㪈㪇㪇㪈㪌㪇㪉㪇㪇㪉㪌㪇㪊㪇㪇㪊㪌㪇㪧㪦㪧㪬㪣㪘㪫㪠㪦㪥㪑㩷㩷㫏㪈㪃㪇㪇㪇㪃㪇㪇㪇㩷㫇㫇㫃㫊㪧㪦㪧㪬㪣㪘㪫㪠㪦㪥㪆㪩㪑㩷㩷㫏㪈㪃㪇㪇㪇㩷㫇㫇㫃㫊㪆㫂㫄

Fig. 1 Population (abscissa) and difference between CH 

Fig. 2 The same as Fig  1 but the abscissa is the ratio

concentration at the central part of city andof population

ordinate : aits suburbs

Japan; b Europe Canada and Australia Unit:  ** peoples abscissa  ppmV ordinateto the radius Rof the model circle

derived from the area of city 
Unit:  peoples abscissa  ppmV ordinate㪊㪅㪉 ੱ㑆ᵴേᐲ䈮ੱญ䈫ㇺᏒⷙᮨ䉕↪䈇䈢႐ว䇸ỚᐲᏅ䇹䉇䇸ੱญ䇹䈮ട䈋䈩䋬ㇺᏒ䈱᳓ᐔᣇะ䈱ᐢ࿁Ꮻᑼ㩿䌆୯㪀෸䈶ଥᢙ㩿䌴୯㪀䈇䈝䉏䈱⛔⸘ᬌቯ䈮䈍䈏䉍 䋨 ⷙ ᮨ 䋩 䉕 ⠨ ᘦ 䈜 䉎 䈢 䉄 䈮 䋬 䇸 ౞ ဳ 䈱 ㇺ Ꮢ 䇹 䉕 䊝 䊂䈇䈩䉅䋬ᶏᄖㇺᏒ䈱႐ว䈮䈲㪇㪅㪌㩼䈱᳓Ḱ䈪䉅᦭ᗧ䈪䈅䊦䈫䈚䈩䉕 ᗐቯ䊶 ㆡ↪䈚㪃䇸ㇺᏒ䈱㕙Ⓧ䇹 䈎䉌 ඨᓘ㩿䌒㪀䉕䈦䈢䈏䋬࿖ౝ䈱႐ว䈮䈲᦭ᗧ䈪䈭䈎䈦䈢䇯᳞䉄䋬䇸ㇺᏒਛᔃ ㇱ䈫㇠ᄖ䈱䊜䉺䊮ỚᐲᏅ䇹䈫䇸ੱญ䋯࿖ౝㇺᏒ䋺⥄↱ᐲ㪔㪈㪎䋻 䌴㪔㪈㪅㪐㪍㪍䋻 㪝㪔㪊㪅㪏㪍㪋㪃ㇺᏒ䊝䊂䊦ඨᓘ䌒䇹䉕ኻᲧ䈚䈩䉂䉎䇯䈖䉏䈲䋬䇸ㇺᏒਛᶏᄖㇺᏒ䋺⥄↱ᐲ㪔㪈㪐㪒 䌴㪔㪊㪅㪋㪏㪌䋻 㪝㪔㪈㪉㪅㪈㪋ᔃㇱ䈫㇠ᄖ䈱䊜䉺䊮Ớᐲ䈱௑ᐲ䇹䈫䇸ੱ㑆ᵴേ䈱ᜰᮡ䈫䈚䈩ੱญኒᐲ䇹䈫䉕ኻᔕ䈘䈞䉎䈖䈫䈮⋧ᒰ䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯ߎ ߩ ⚿ ᨐ 㧔 Fig 㧕 ߪ 㧘‫ ੱ ޟ‬ญ ‫ ߣ ޠ‬ኻᲧ ߒ ߚ ႐ วᰴ䈮䋬Ớᐲᡰ㈩ᣇ⒟ᑼ䈮ၮ䈨䈇䈢䊝䊂䊦䉕េ↪䈚Fig   ߣ߶߷ห᭽ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᄖ࿖ㇺᏒߩỚᐲᏅ߇߿䈩 䋬 䇸 ㇺ Ꮢ ၞ 䈎 䉌 䈱 䊜 䉺䊮 ⊒ ↢ ㊂ 䇹 䉕 ⷗ Ⓧ 䉅䉎 䈢 䉄 䈮䋬߿ ᄢ ߈ ߊ 㧘 ߹ ߚ ࿖ ౝ ㇺ Ꮢ ߩ ߫ ࠄ ߟ ߈ ߇ ᄢ ߈ ޿‫ޕ‬䇸ੱ㑆ᵴേᐲ䇹䉕⴫䈜ᜰᮡ䊶ዤᐲ䈫䈚䈩䇸ੱญ䇹䊶䇸 ੱญ䇸ỚᐲᏅ㩿㪰㪀䇹䈱䇸ੱญ㩿㪯㪀䋯ㇺᏒඨᓘ䋨䌒䋩䇹䈮ኻ䈜䉎࿁ኒᐲ䇹䉕↪䈇䈢႐ว䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱ᬌ⸛䉕⹜䉂䉎䇯Ꮻᑼ䈲ᰴ䈱䉋䈉䈮䈭䈦䈢䇯࿖ౝㇺᏒ䋺䌙䋽㪇㪅㪇㪇㪋㪌 㪂 㪇㪅㪇㪇㪇㪈㪌㪉㪯ᶏᄖㇺᏒ㧦䌙䋽㪇㪅㪇㪈㪇㪉 㪂 㪇㪅㪇㪇㪇㪉㪊㪍㪯- -㪋㪅 䇸ㇺᏒ䊜䉺䊮⊒↢㊂䇹䈫ੱ㑆ᵴേᐲ䇸ㇺ Ꮢోၞ 䈎䉌䈱 䊜䉺䊮⊒↢㊂䇹 䈫ㇺᏒၞ 䇸ੱญ䇹䈱㑐ଥ㩿㪝㫀㪾㪅 㪋 㪀䈮䈧䈇䈩䉂䉎䈫䋬࿖ౝ䊶ᶏᄖ䈇䈝䉏䈱ㇺᏒᧄ┨䈪䈲䋬ㇺᏒၞ䈫㇠ᄖ䈱䊜䉺䊮ỚᐲᏅ䈫䈇䉒䉉䉎䈮䈍䈇䈩䉅䇸ੱญ䇹䈮Ყ଀䈚䈩䈍䉍䋬⋧㑐ଥᢙ䉅䈠䉏䈡䇸▫ᮨဳ㩿䊗䉾䉪䉴䊝䊂䊦㪀䇹䉕䉅䈫䈮䈚䈩䋬ㇺᏒၞ䈎䉌䈱䉏㪇㪅㪐㪎㪃 㪇㪅㪐㪏䈫䈭䉍ᭂ䉄 䈩䋱䈮 ㄭ䈇 䇯࿁Ꮻᑼ 䈲એਅ 䈱䊜䉺䊮⊒↢㊂䉕⷗Ⓧ䉍䋬ੱ㑆ᵴേᐲ䈫䈱㑐ଥ䉕ᬌ⸛䈜ㅢ䉍䈪䈅䉎䇯䉎䇯࿖ౝㇺᏒ 㧦䌙䋽㪄㪇㪅㪇㪈㪈㪈 㪂 㪇㪅㪇㪇㪇㪉㪏㪎 㪯ᶏᄖㇺᏒ 㧦䌙䋽 㪇㪅㪇㪉㪍㪈 㪂 㪇㪅㪇㪇㪇㪉㪐㪊 㪯㪋㪅㪈 ੱ㑆ᵴേᐲ䉕䇸ੱญ䇹䈫䈚䈢႐วỚ ᐲ ᣇ ⒟ ᑼ 䉕 ၮ ␆ 䈮 䈚 䈩 䇸 ▫ ᮨ ဳ 㩿䊗 䉾 䉪 䉴 䊝 䊂ଥ ᢙ 䊶 ࿁ Ꮻ ᑼ 䈲䈇 䈝 䉏䉅䋬 ෂ 㒾 ₸㪇㪅㪌㩼એਅ 䈪 ᦭ᗧ䊦㪀䇹䉕ㆡ↪㩿㪝㫀㪾㪅 㪊 ෳᾖ㪀䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䈦䈩䋬䇸ㇺᏒၞ䈎䉌䈪䈅䈦䈢䇯䈖䈖䈪❑ゲ䈱ᢙ୯䉕㪍㪈㪅㪎㩿䈅䉎䈇䈲㪉㪉㪅㪌㪀୚䈜䈱䊜䉺䊮⊒ ↢㊂ 䇹 䉕⷗ Ⓧ䉅䉎 䈮䈲䋬ㇺ Ꮢ ၞ䈱 㘑䉇᜛ ᢔ䉎䈫䋬㪈ᣣ㩿ᐕ㪀ᒰ䈢䉍䈱ㇺ Ꮢోၞ䈎䉌䈱䊜䉺䊮⊒↢✚㊂䈱ᓇ㗀䉕⠨ᘦ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏ᔅⷐ䈮䈭䉎䇯䈜䈭䉒䈤ㇺᏒၞ䌛㪢㪾㪆㪻㪸㫐 㩿㪤㪾㪆㪻㪸㫐㪀䌝䈏ᓧ䉌䉏䉎䇯෩ኒ䈭Ყセ䈲䈪䈐䈭䈱ᐞ ૗ቇ ⊛ᄢ 䈐 䈘䈱ᜰ ᮡ䈫䈚 䈩㕙 Ⓧ㩿䈅䉎 䈇 䈲 ㇺᏒ ၞ䈇 䈏䋬䈖䈖䈪ᓧ 䈢䊜䉺䊮⊒↢ ㊂䈲䈖䉏䉁䈪䈮䊨䊮䊄䊮䈭䊝䊂䊦ඨᓘ䌒㪀䈮ട䈋䈩㘑ㅦ㩿䌕㪀䉇᜛ᢔଥᢙ㩿䌋㪀䉕↪䈇䈬䈮 䈧䈇䈩⷗Ⓧ䉅䉌 䉏䈢㊂䈫䈾䈿ห⒟ᐲ䈪䈅䉍䋬ᅷᒰ䈩䇸 ㇺ Ꮢ ၞ 䈱 䊜䉺 䊮 ⊒ ↢ ㊂ 䇹䉕 ⠨ 䈋 䈩䉂 䉎 䇯 䈖䈖 䈪䋬 㘑䈭ᄢ䈐䈘䈪䈅䉎䇯ㅦ㩿䌕㪀䈲䋬ᤨ㑆⊛䈮䉅ⓨ㑆⊛䈮䉅ㇺᏒၞ䉕ઍ⴫䈜䉎৻⥸㘑䈮䈅䈢䉎᷹ⷰ୯䉕૶䈉䈖䈫䈏ℂᗐ⊛䈪䈅䉍䋬䈠䉏a䈏ᦸ 䉁 䈚䈇 䇯䈖 䈖 䈪 䈲 ή ℂ䈭 䈱 䈪 䋬 ◲ ଢ䈮 䈚䈩 ណข ࿾㫏 㪈 㪇 㪇 㪇 㩷㫇 㫇㫄 㪭 䊶 㫄 㪁 㪁 㪉 㪆 㫊ὐ䈪ᓧ䈢᷹ⷰ ୯䉕 ↪䈇 䉎䈖䈫䈫䈚 䋬䉁䈢᳓ᐔ᜛ ᢔଥᢙ㪇 㪅㪋㪘 㪁䂦 㪚 㪟㪋 㩷㫍㫊㩷㪧 㪦 㪧 㪬㪣㪘 㪫 㪠㪦 㪥㪫㪦㪫㪘㪣㩷㪜㪤㪠㪪㪪㪠㪦㪥㩷㪽㫉㫆㫄㩷㪚㪠㪫㪰㩷㪘㪩㪜㪘㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㪉㩿䌋㪀䈫䈚䈩䈲ઍ⴫୯䈫䈚䈩 㪈㪇㫄 㪆㫊 䉕૶䈉䈖䈫䈮䈜䉎䇯䉁㪇 㪅㪊䈢䊝䊂䊦䈱䇸▫䇹䈱㜞䈘䈲ᷙวጀ䈱㜞䈘䈮⋧ᒰ䈜䉎䈫䈚䈩䋬 䈖䉏 䉅ข䉍 ᛒ䈇 න ૏䈫䈚 䈩◲න䈮 䈜䉎 䈢䉄 䈮䋱䌫䌭㪇 㪅㪉䈫⠨䈋䉎䇯䈖䈱䉋䈉䈭䊝䊂䊦⸳ቯ䈱਄䈪䋬䇸ㇺᏒਛᔃㇱ䈫㇠ᄖ䈱ỚᐲᏅ䇹䈮ᰴ䈱䉋䈉䈭ଥᢙ㪘㪃㪙䉕ਸ਼䈛䈩䋬䈠䉏㪇 㪅㪈䈡䉏䇸ㇺᏒోၞ䈎䉌䈱䊜䉺䊮⊒↢㊂䇹䉇䇸ㇺᏒ䈱න૏㕙㪇Ⓧ ᒰ 䈢 䉍 䈱 䊜䉺 䊮⊒ ↢ ㊂ 䇹䈮 ⋧ ᒰ 䈜 䉎 ㊂ 䉕 ᳞ 䉄䋬 ㇺ Ꮢ㪇㪌㪇㪇㪈㪇㪇㪇㪈㪌㪇㪇㪧 㪦 㪧 㪬 㪣 㪘 㪫 㪠㪦 㪥 㪑㩷 㩷㫏 㪈 㪃㪇 㪇 㪇 㩷 㫇 㫇 㫃㫊䈱䇸ੱญ䇹䉇䇸ੱญኒᐲ䇹䈫䈱ኻᔕ㑐ଥ䈮䈧䈇䈩ᬌ⸛䈜䉎䋺b‫ ޟ‬ㇺᏒోၞ䈎䉌䈱䊜䉺䊮⊒↢㊂䇹䈻䈱ᄌ឵ଥᢙA 㧩

U*R+ K㫏㪈㪇㪇㪇㩷 㫇㫇㫄 㪭 䊶㫄 㪁㪁㪉㪆㫊㪉 㪅㪌䇸ㇺᏒන૏㕙Ⓧᒰ䈢䉍䈱䊜䉺䊮⊒↢㊂䇹䈻䈱ᄌ឵ଥᢙ
B=㪘㪁䂦㪚㪟㪋㩷㫍㫊㩷㪧㪦㪧㪬㪣㪘㪫㪠㪦㪥㪫 㪦㪫 㪘 㪣㩷㪜㪤㪠㪪㪪㪠㪦㪥㩷㪽㫉㫆㫄 㩷㪚㪠㪫㪰 㩷㪘 㪩 㪜㪘㪜㫌㫉㫆㫇 㪼㪃㩷㪚 㪸 㫅㪸 㪻 㪸 㩷 㩽 㩷㪘㫌㫊㫋㫉㪸 㫃㫀㪸

U/R+K/R** 㪉㪈㪅㪌㪈㪇㪅㪌㪇㪇㪈㪉㪊㪋㪌㪍㪎㪏㪧㪦㪧㪬㪣㪘㪫 㪠㪦㪥㪑㩷㩷㫏㪈 㪃㪇㪇 㪇㪃㪇㪇㪇㩷㫇㫇㫃㫊Fig. 4 Methane emission from the urban area:a Japan;

b Europe  Canada and Australia  Ordinate and abscissa
denote the CH emission from the urban area and popuFig. 3 Box model and governing equation of CH4 con-lation respectively  Unit:  **  peoples abscissa centration used for an estimation of ppmV/m**  /sec ordinate 

the amount of CH4

emission from the urban area.

- -㪋䋮䋲 䇸ㇺᏒၞන૏㕙Ⓧᒰ䈢䉍䊜䉺䊮⊒↢㊂䇹䋺㪌䋮 ⚿䈶䇸ੱญኒᐲ䇹䈫䈱㑐ଥᰴ 䈮 䇸 ㇺ Ꮢ ၞ න૏ 㕙 Ⓧ ᒰ 䈢䉍 䊜䉺䊮⊒ ↢ ㊂ 䇹䈫䇸ㇺ Ꮢ㪉㪇㪇㪊ᐕ 㪐᦬ 䈮 ታ ᣉ 䈚 䈢 ᰷ Ꮊ ⻉ ㇺ Ꮢ 䈫ㄭ ㇠ 䈮 䈍 䈔 䉎ၞੱญ ኒᐲ䇹 䈱㑐ଥ 㩿㪝㫀㪾㪅 㪌 㪀䉕 䉂䉎䈫䋬࿖ ౝ䊶ᶏᄖ䈇 䈝ᄢ ᳇ 䊜䉺 䊮 Ớ ᐲ 䈱 ⷰ ᷹ ⚿ ᨐ 䈮 䈧 䈇䈩䋬ੱ 㑆 ᵴ േ 䈱ᜰ䉏䉅Ყ଀㑐ଥ䈮䈅䉎䈏䋬䇸ੱญ䇹䈫ኻᲧ䈚䈢႐ว䈮Ყ䈼ᮡ䈫䈚䈩䇸ㇺᏒੱญ䇹䉇䇸ㇺᏒ㕙Ⓧ䇹䉕ዤᐲ䈮䈚䈩ᢛℂ䉎䈫䉇䉇䈳䉌䈧䈐䈏ᄢ䈐䈇䇯․䈮ᶏᄖㇺᏒ䈱႐ว䈏ᄢ䈚䈢䈫䈖䉐䋬ផ᷹䈱䈫䈍䉍䋬䇸ㇺᏒၞਛᔃㇱ䈫ㄭ㇠䈱䊜䉺䈐䈇 䇯䇸ㇺ Ꮢၞන ૏㕙Ⓧᒰ䈢䉍䊜䉺䊮⊒↢㊂䇹䈱䇸ㇺᏒ䊮ỚᐲᏅ䇹䈏䇸ㇺᏒੱญ䇹䈮Ყ଀䈚䋬䇸ㇺᏒ䈱ᐞ૗ቇ⊛ၞੱญኒᐲ䇹䈮ኻ䈜䉎࿁Ꮻᑼ䈲એਅ䈱ㅢ䉍䈪䈅䉎䇯ᄢ䈐䈘㩿ㇺᏒ䈏౞ᒻ䈪䈅䉎䈫䈚䈢䈫䈐䈱䊝䊂䊦ඨᓘ㪀䇹䈮࿖ౝㇺᏒ䋺䌙䋽㪇㪅㪊㪍㪎 㪂 㪇㪅㪍㪍㪈㪯෻Ყ଀䈜䉎䈖䈫䉕␜ໂ䈜䉎⚿ᨐ䉕ᓧ䈢䇯䈖䈱䉋䈉䈭⥝๧ᶏᄖㇺᏒ䋺䌙䋽㪇㪅㪎㪋㪍 㪂 㪇㪅㪍㪐㪊㪯䈅䉎੍஻⊛⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐ䉕ၮ䈮䋬䈘䉌䈮⹦⚦䈭ᬌ⸛䉕ട䈋࿁Ꮻᑼ 䊶ଥᢙ 䈫䉅䈮 䋬෩䈚䈇㪇㪅㪌㩼᳓Ḱ䈪䉅⛔⸘ ⊛䈮᦭䈩⏕ ⹺䈜 䉎䈢䉄䈮 䋬ᣣᧄ 䉇ᶏᄖ 䈱⻉ ㇺᏒ䈪䈍䉋䈠 㪈㪇ᗧ䈪䈅䈦䈢䇯䈖䈖䈪䋬❑ゲ䈱୯䉕㪍㪈㪅㪎୚䈜䉎䈫䋬න૏㕙ᢙ࿁䈮䉒䈢䈦䈩ㅊട᷹ⷰ䉕ታᣉ䈚䈩䈐䈢䇯ᧄⓂ䈲䈖䉏Ⓧ 䈎 䉌 㪈ᣣ 䈱 䊐 䊤 䉾 䉪 䉴 ㊂ 䈮 ⋧ ᒰ 䈜 䉎 䉅 䈱 䈏 ᓧ 䉌 䉏 䉎䉁䈪䈱᷹ⷰ⚿ᨐ䉕䉁䈫䉄䈢䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯ផ᷹䈱䈫䈍䉍䋬㧔 mg/m**  /day 㧕‫ޕ‬䇸ㇺᏒਛᔃㇱ䈫ㄭ㇠䈱䊜䉺䊮ỚᐲᏅ䇹䈲䋬䇸ੱญ䇹䉇䇸ੱญኒᐲ䇹 䈮Ყ଀䈚䈩䈇䉎 䉋䈉䈪䈅䉎䇯䈘䉌䈮䇸▫ᮨဳ㩿䊗䉾䉪䉴 䊝䊂 䊦㪀䇹 䉕ㆡ↪ 䈚䈩⊒↢㊂ 䈱▚ ቯ䉕⹜ 䉂䈢䈫䈖䉐䋬䇸ㇺᏒၞ䈎䉌䈱䊜䉺䊮⊒↢㊂䇹䈱▚ቯ䈮೑↪䈪䈐䉎a㫏㪈㪆㪈㪇㪁㪁㪍㩷㫇㫇㫄㪭㪆㫊㪏䈖䈫䈏䉒䈎䈦䈢䇯ㇺᏒၞ䈱䈘䉁䈙䉁䈭䊜䉺䊮⊒↢Ḯ䈱୘㪙㪁䂦㪚㪟㪋㩷㫍㫊㩷㪧㪦㪧㪬㪣㪘㪫㪠㪦㪥㩷㪛㪜㪥㪪㪠㪫㪰䇱䈠䉏䈡䉏䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱⺞ᩏಽᨆ䉇⊒↢㊂᷹ቯ䈮䈲㪜㪤㪠㪪㪪㪠㪦㪥㩷㫇㪼㫉㩷㪬㪥㪠㪫㩷㪘㪩㪜㪘㒢⇇䈏䈅䉍䋬ᓥ䈦䈩୘䇱䈱⚿ᨐ䉕ᓧ䈩䈠䉏䉌䉕Ⓧ▚䈜㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㪍䉎▚ቯᣇᑼ䈲ᤨ㑆䉕ⷐ䈚䋬䉁䈢䈠䈱♖ᐲะ਄䈮䉅ᄢ䈐䈭ᦼᓙ䈲䈪䈐䈭䈇䇯䈖䈱䉋䈉䈭⁁ᴫ䈎䉌䈜䉎䈫䋬ㇺᏒၞ㪋ో૕䈎䉌䈱⊒↢㊂䈱⷗Ⓧ䉍䈮䈲䋬䈖䈖䈪↪䈇䈢ᣇᴺ䈏㪉ᄢ䈇䈮᦭↪䈪䈅䉐䈉䇯㪇㪇㪈㪉㪊㪋㪌㪍㪎㪏㪐㪈㪇⻢ㄉ㪧㪦㪧㪬㪣㪘㪫㪠㪦㪥㩷㪛㪜㪥㪪㪠㪫㪰㪑㩷㩷㪈㪃㪇㪇㪇㫇㫇㫃㫊㪆㫂㫄㪉㩷㩷ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈲䋬㪉㪇㪇㪊㪄㪉㪇㪇㪋ᐕᐲ䈮ታᣉ䈘䉏䈢䇸ᣣᧄᄢቇb㫏㪈㪆㪈㪇㪁㪁㪍㩷㫇㫇㫄㪭㪆㫊㪍✚ 㐳ᜰ ቯ䈱 ✚ว ⎇ ⓥ㩿࿾ ⃿ဳ␠ ળ䈮 䈍䈔䉎ෂ ᯏ䈻䈱ኻᔕ㩿⥄ὼ䈫䈱䈎䈎䉒䉍㪀䇹䈱৻ㇱ䈫䈚䈩⎇ⓥ⾌䈱ᡰេ䉕㪙㪁䂦㪚㪟㪋㩷㫍㫊㩷㪧㪦㪧㪬㪣㪘㪫㪠㪦㪥㩷㪛㪜㪥㪪㪠㪫㪰ฃ䈔䈢䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎 䋺ⓨ᳇ណข䊶᳇ ⽎᷹ⷰ䈱ታᣉ䈮䈅 䈢㪜㪤㪠㪪㪪㪠㪦㪥㩷㫇㪼㫉㩷㪬㪥㪠㪫㩷㪘㪩㪜㪘㪜㫌㫉㫆㫇㪼㪃㩷㪚㪸㫅㪸 㪻㪸㩷㩽㩷㪘㫌㫊㫋㫉㪸 㫃㫀㪸㪌䈦䈩䈍਎⹤䈮䈭䈦䈢ᣇ䇱䈮ⴲᔃ䉋䉍⻢ᗧ䉕⴫䈚䈢䈇䇯㪋㪊ෳ⠨ᢥ₂㪉㪈㪇㪇㪈㪉㪊㪋㪌㪧㪦㪧㪬㪣㪘㪫㪠㪦㪥㩷㪛㪜㪥㪪㪠㪫㪰㪑㩷㩷㪈㪃㪇㪇㪇㫇㫇㫃㫊㪆㫂㫄㪉㩷㩷㪍ጤ᎑᮸਽㩿㪈㪐㪐㪎㪀䋺 ㇺᏒ䈫䈠䈱๟ㄝ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮㪎䊶䉥䉹䊮䈮㑐䈜䉎⸃ᨆ㪃ᣣᧄ᳇⽎ቇળ㑐⷏ᡰㇱ଀ળ⻠Ṷⷐᣦ㓸 㪃 ╙ 㪎㪐 㪃 㫇㫇㪅㪈㪐㪄㪉㪉㪅ጤ᎑᮸਽㩿㪈㪐㪐㪏㪀䋺 ㇺᏒ䈫䈠䈱๟ㄝ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮

Fig. 5 The same as Fig.4, except for CH4 emission rateỚᐲ䈫䈠䈱ᄌേ㩿㸊㪀㪃from the unit urban area related to population density ╙ 㪋㪈 ภ 㪙㪄㪈 㪃 㫇㫇㪅㪉㪐㪊㪄㪊㪇㪎㪅

Ordinate and abscissa denote the amount of CH emittedጤ᎑᮸਽䊶᫪ጊ⨃䊶⑔ጊ⮍㩿㪉㪇㪇㪋㪀㪑 ㇺᏒ䈫䈠䈱๟ㄝ䈮from the unit urban area and its population density respectively Unit: peoples/km**੩ㇺᄢቇ㒐ἴ⎇ⓥᚲᐕႎ 㪃䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮ỚᐲᏅ䋭᰷Ꮊ䊶ർ☨䊶ᣣᧄ䈱⻉ㇺ

abscissa  andᏒ䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱Ყセ䋭㪃/**  ppmV/sec ordinate ᣣᧄ᳇⽎ቇળ㪉㪇㪇㪋ᐕᐲ⑺ቄᄢળ⻠Ṷ੍Ⓜ㓸 㪏㪍 㪃 㫇㪅㪉㪉㪌㪅- -䈫䈠䈱๟ㄝ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮䈱⊒↢䊶ಽᏓ䈮㑐䈜ጤ᎑᮸਽䊶᧛᧻ਭผ䊶⑔ጊ⮍䊶᫪ጊ⨃㩿㪉㪇㪇㪋㪀㪑 ㇺᏒၞ䉎⎇ⓥ䇻㪃 㫇㫇㪅㪏㪊㪄㪐㪊㪅䈫䈠䈱๟ㄝ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇ᓸ㊂ᚑಽỚᐲ䈫䈠䈱ᄌേጤ᎑᮸਽䊶᧛᧻ਭผ䊶ኹየᔀ㩿㪈㪐㪐㪐㪀㪑 ㇺᏒ䈫䈠䈱๟ㄝ㩿㸊㪀䋭࿾⴫ઃㄭ䈮䈍䈔䉎䉥䉹䊮䊶ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮Ớᐲ䈱᳇୥ቇ⊛․ᓽ䋭㪃䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮Ớᐲ㩿㸋㪀㪃 ੩ㇺᄢቇ㒐ἴ⎇ⓥᚲ੩ㇺᄢቇ㒐ἴ⎇ⓥᚲᐕႎ 䋬 ╙ 㪋㪎 ภ 㪙 㪃 㫇㫇㪅㪊㪉㪎㪄㪊㪊㪏㪅ᐕႎ 䋬 ╙ 㪋㪉 ภ 㪙㪄㪈 㪃 㫇㫇㪅㪊㪊㪊㪄㪊㪋㪉㪅ጤ᎑᮸਽䊶᧛᧻ਭผ㩿㪈㪐㪐㪍㪸㪀㪑ጤ᎑᮸਽䊶᧛᧻ਭผ䊶ኹየᔀ㩿㪉㪇㪇㪉㪀㪑 ㇺᏒၞ䈫䈠䈱๟ㇺᏒ䈫䈠䈱๟ㄝ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮Ớᐲ䈫䈠䈱ᄌേ㩿㪠㪀㪃ㄝ 䈮䈍䈔䉎 ᄢ᳇ᓸ ㊂ᚑ ಽỚᐲ 䈫䈠 䈱ᄌ േ㩿㸉㪀䋭ℚᖱႎᢥൻ⎇ⓥ㩿ฬฎደᄢቇᖱႎᢥൻቇㇱ䊶ᄢቇ㒮ℛḓ๟ㄝ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮Ớᐲ䈱㐳ᦼᄌേ䋭㪃ੱ㑆ᖱႎቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㪀㪃 ╙ 㪊 ภ㪃 㫇㫇㪅㪈㪄㪉㪉㪅੩ㇺᄢቇ㒐ἴ⎇ⓥᚲᐕႎ 䋬 ╙ 㪋㪌 ภ 㪙 㪃 㫇㫇㪅㪉㪇㪐㪄㪉㪉㪇㪅ጤ᎑᮸਽䊶᧛᧻ਭผ㩿㪈㪐㪐㪍㪹㪀㪑ጤ᎑᮸਽䊶ኹየᔀ䊶᧛᧻ਭผ㩿㪉㪇㪇㪇㪀㪑 ㇺᏒၞ䈫䈠䈱๟ㇺᏒ䈫䈠䈱๟ㄝ䈮䈍䈔ㄝ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇ᓸ㊂ᚑಽỚᐲ䈫䈠䈱ᄌേ㩿㪠㪀㪃 ੩ㇺ䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮Ớᐲ䈫䈠䈱ᄌേ㩿㸈㪀㪃ᄢቇ㒐ἴ⎇ⓥᚲᐕႎ㪃 ╙ 㪋㪊 ภ 㪙㪄㪈 㪃 㫇㫇㪅㪈㪍㪐㪄㪈㪏㪊㪅ᖱႎᢥൻ⎇ⓥ㩿ฬฎደᄢቇᖱႎᢥൻቇㇱ䊶ᄢቇ㒮ጤ᎑᮸਽䊶ኹየᔀ䊶᧛᧻ਭผ㩿㪉㪇㪇㪈㪀㪑 ㇺᏒၞ䈫䈠䈱๟ੱ㑆ᖱႎቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㪀㪃 ╙ 㪋 ภ㪃 㫇㫇㪅㪋㪈㪄㪍㪋㪅ㄝ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇ᓸ㊂ᚑಽỚᐲ䈫䈠䈱ᄌേ㩿㸈㪀䋭䊋ጤ᎑᮸਽䊶᧛᧻ਭผ㩿㪈㪐㪐㪎㪸㪀㪑 ㇺᏒ䈫䈠䈱๟ㄝ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮Ớᐲ䈫䈠䈱ᄌേ㩿㸉㪀㪃䉾䉪䉫䊤䉡䊮䊄ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮Ớᐲ䋭㪃ᖱႎᢥൻ⎇ⓥ㩿ฬฎደᄢቇᖱႎᢥൻቇㇱ䊶ᄢቇ㒮ⓥᚲᐕႎ㪃 ╙ 㪋㪋 ภ 㪙㪄㪈 㪃 㫇㫇㪅㪉㪌㪄㪊㪍㪅᧛᧻ਭผ㩿㪈㪐㪏㪐㪀㪑 㒋␹࿾ᣇ䈱䊜䉺䊮䈱ಽᏓ䊶⊒↢䈮ੱ㑆ᖱႎቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㪀㪃 ╙ 㪌 ภ㪃 㫇㫇㪅㪉㪐㪄㪌㪈㪅䈧䈇䈩㪃ጤ᎑᮸਽䊶᧛᧻ਭผ㩿㪈㪐㪐㪎㪹㪀㪑 ㇺᏒ䈫䈠䈱๟ㄝ䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮Ớᐲ㪃੩ㇺᄢቇ㒐ἴ⎇੩ㇺᄢቇ㒐ἴ⎇ⓥᚲᐕႎ㪃 ╙ 㪊㪉 ภ 㪙㪄㪉 㪃㫇㫇㪅㪉㪈㪐㪄㪉㪉㪐㪅੩ㇺᄢቇ㒐ἴ⎇ⓥᚲᐕႎ 䋬᧛᧻ਭผ㩿㪈㪐㪐㪋㪀㪑 ㇺᏒ䈎䉌䈱䊜䉺䊮䈱⊒↢㪃╙ 㪋㪇 ภ 㪙㪄㪉 㪃 㫇㫇㪅㪉㪇㪈㪄㪉㪈㪉㪅੩ㇺᄢቇ㒐ἴ⎇ⓥᚲᐕႎ㪃╙ 㪊㪎 ภ 㪙㪄㪉 㪃 㫇㫇㪅㪈㪎㪊ጤ᎑᮸਽䊶᧛᧻ਭผ㩿㪈㪐㪐㪏㪀㪑 ㇺᏒၞ䈫䈠䈱๟ㄝ䈮䈍䈔㪄㪈㪏㪈㪅䉎ᄢ᳇䊜䉺䊮Ớᐲ䈫䈠䈱ᄌേ㪃੩ㇺᄢቇ㒐ἴ⎇ⓥᚲ․ቯ⎇ⓥ㓸ળ㪈㪇㪪㪄㪉䇺ㇺᏒၞ

Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variation of Atmospheric Minor Constituents in the Urban Area
and Its Surrounding Region 㩿㸋㪀㧙 Difference in the Amount of Atmospheric Methane between the Central Urban Area
and the Suburbs and Population or Population Density of the Urban Area 㧙Tatsuya IWASHIMA, Shigeru MORIYAMA*andKaoru FUKUYAMA*** College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University**Faculty of Bioresources Mie UniversitySynopsis
For the purpose of estimating the amount of CH4 emission from the whole urban area, we observed theCH4 concentration at central urban area and its surrounding suburbs, and examined the relationship between
the difference of the concentrations at both area and the population or population density of the city; here wepresumed the population or population density of the urban area as a parameter relating to the magnitude ofhuman activity of city.
Keywords: atmospheric methane; CH4 emission; model radius of urban area; population; population density- -- -