縮小社会研究会 懇談会で講演 2014.10.5

持続可能/縮小社会のありかた
落合栄一郎

前提条件
地球生命確保の必要性：地球生命の生存を脅かす核兵器・原発の廃絶と平和の達成

必要条件（１）物質/エネルギー：再生可能資源；それが不可能
ならば徹底した極小使用・リサイクル（２）経済：経済基盤＝利益（新自由主義）でなく、経済=市民に生活基盤を提供するための機構という基礎概念に基づく経済体制の確立；現経済体制の浪費からの脱却（脱戦争も含む）；金融支配から脱却（金融は、経済の実質価値を代表せず）

必要条件 –続き−
（３）地球資源の共有感覚：空気、水、土地、諸種の資源などは、人類（未来の人類も）・地球生命との共有物（４）個人の消費感覚：知足（足るを知る）感覚（５）人間の数：現在の人類は、その数と資源消費量で、他の生命を含む地球の許容力を凌駕；人間中心主義の克服（６）環境保全：環境の再生・回復可能範囲での人類活動

持続可能・縮小社会実現には平和が前提、
しかし平和を実現するには人類は持続可能社会になってなければならない
人類文明が持続可能状態になっていないと資源獲得競争がやがては戦争に発展しかねない現在の欧米による中近東・ウクライナ・アフリカなどへの介入は（覇権拡大）資源確保が最終目標
ーーーーーーーーーー
中国は先進国なみの消費国になるために世界のあらゆる地域で資源確保を狙うーーーーーーーーーー
この両者の衝突が最終戦争

人類のエネルギー獲得の歴史

持続可能・縮小社会実現のために（１）消費の縮小：先進国では現在の２５％位まで（２）全体の消費を縮小するためには、かなりの部分をコミュニテイーで共有/共用（３）経済縮小でも雇用確保の必要性：機械が必要・不可欠な場合を除き、人的労働力の有効利用；機械依存はエネルギ—効率が低い（４）真の民主体制の再確立ー市民の意思の政治・経済への反映；世界的規模で ”UNPA”（５）平和・持続可能性教育：あらゆるレベルの教育はこの理念に基づく；高等教育では、人類・地球の未来学（持続可能な文明の探求）

Peace and Sustainability: A Basis for Education
Eiichiro Ochiai
Global Educator, Winter 2011, p14-17
Humankind is currently in a deep trouble. The end of human civilization is nowa question in the realm of possibility. An immediate issue is economic crisis:
the current capitalistic market economy is now critically wounded. Thebasic idea behind the current economy is ‘growth’ (of economic activities interms of quantity), which is contradictory to a sustainable humancivilization. Our economic activities (consumption) have now surpassed thecarrying capacity of the earth, and are on the brink of collapse. Besides, afew individuals, the so-called economic elite have cleverly or grossly(depending on the point of view) steered the whole economic system in a
direction in which only they benefit from the economy, and the great
majority of humankind suffer economically. The impetus for economic
growth makes nations to compete for the limited resources on the earth,threatening us with, perhaps, an ultimate war between big players. In orderfor humankind to avoid such dangers and establish a sustainable andpeaceful civilization, all humankind – the young and children above all –must learn how to approach it. With this in mind, here I will try to show
very briefly what needs to be implemented in the education system.

A Talk at a College in the US
April, 2014, Eiichiro Ochiai

I would like to suggest that Higher Education needs
to be changed in such as way that it helps theHuman Society to become more equitable andsustainable. Of course, “greening” of theenvironment is one of the necessary conditions forsuch a society, but that is not sufficient.

試みのいくつか自転車、自動車共用システム（１）自転車共用システム：市全体に自転車の共用システム。
2007年にオクラホマのツルサ市で開始、現在ではアメリカの35市で（２）自動車共用システム：Car sharing pilot projects like“Witkar” began as early as the 1960's and 1970's, but modern
car sharing programs launched in 1987 in Switzerland andlater in 1988 in Germany, and came to North America via
Quebec City in 1994. [The first successful car share in the USA,
Portland Oregon's CarSharing-PDX（３）As of January 1, 2012 - based on data provided by Susan
Shaheen, University of California, Berkeley - 25 U.S.
carsharing programs claimed 718,596 members sharing 9,817vehicles; and 92,118 members shared 2,526 vehicles among
19 carsharing organizations in Canada.

Car2Go

バンクーバー市内に300台

Village Vancouver
http://www.villagevancouver.ca/
We envision Vancouver as a vibrant city at the leading edge of sustainability,
where residents know their neighbors and participate in collective actions
to minimize their ecological footprint. The focus is on quality of life issues
including local food production and distribution, a full-employment local
economy, renewable energy, and low-impact transportation. Residents
participate actively in their governance and work with civic, business, laborand voluntary sector groups in planning and carrying out activities thatrespond to changing conditions and that contribute to a high quality of life
for all in Metropolitan Vancouver. A central focus of our planning work is
the creation of an Energy Descent Action Plan, a set of defined milestoneson the path toward fossil fuel independence. Village Vancouver inspires atransition to a sustainable culture by encouraging, facilitating andsupporting individuals and organizations to take actions that help people toadapt to changing ecological conditions and contribute to a high quality oflife for all. We hold the provisions of the Earth Charter as the core
principles of our understanding of sustainability and peaceful co-existence.

Kitsilano Transition Village
We're part of Village Vancouver's Transition Town initiative. The
Transition Town movement started in England a few years ago
and has quickly spread all over the world. TT's are a way togenerate a grassroots, community wide response to Climate
Change and Peak Oil (have you noticed that we seem to be
depleting a lot of our "natural resources" rather quickly?),
and to the economic instability and insecurity we seem tofacing more and more nowadays by building communityresiliency. What it really all boils down to is that connectingwith your neighbors can be one simple, but very effective
way of dealing with some of this stuff in tangible (and funand satisfying) ways.

Some activities
Kits Village Permaculture Guild two food forests and looking fornew projects.
Monthly Potluck 2nd Sundays 6-8. Sometimes w/movie or workshop.
Salon d'Elan Vital discussion and potluck 1st Sat or Sun 1-4.
Seed Library/Seed Savers We meet occasionally, 2nd Tuesdaymorning and table the Library at street fairs, Westside Community
Food Market, the KV Collaborative Garden. Free seeds, seedswapping, and donations!
Westside Collaborative Garden A balcony garden at Kits House.
Weekly work parties Tuesday 4-5:30.
Drop in "Spaghetti" Nights Neighbors cooking meals for otherneighbors. Summer/Fall evenings run Aug-Nov.

Another Village-Piscataquis Village Project• The Piscataquis Village Project "was founded to establish the firstcompact, car free village in the United States...Though our projectwill not construct buildings, we will draft the street plan andsimple design code, based on the best of traditional practices, thatwill guide the build-out of the site. Attached, durable and fire
resistant buildings, no taller than a walkable height, will front on
narrow streets, with continuous arcaded sidewalks offering shelter
for the elderly and mobility challenged.
• Buildings will be arranged to create plazas, serving as markets anddemocratic meeting places for all classes of people, and will
surround interior courtyards for more private space. All
destinations will be within convenient walking distance, withvehicles garaged at the village perimeter. 375 acres of garden
space, sufficiently sized for each household to raise a significant
amount of food, will encompass the developed zone "The green
belt, other than the area designated for vehicle parking, would
also be a zone for allotment gardens, small scale agriculture,
playing fields, outdoor recreation and park-like green space."カネに依存しない経済（１）縮小社会：カネを生み出す生産量が減少するた
め、カネの流通量が減少（２）現経済体制では、カネで評価されない様々な必須の人間活動があり、それを評価し、カネ相当額に換算し、それを社会的に通用させる＝「補完通貨」。これは、通常の「雇用」ではないが、雇用と同等の作用も担える（３）「時間銀行」＝サービスを通貨と看做し、預金・借金などに使える、そして、それでサービスを買う（４）「地域通貨」＝市場経済でのカネとは別だが、カネとして地域内で通用：モノにもサービスにも適用世界的レベルで（１）UNPA (United Nations Parliamentary Assembly):

国連内に世界市民を代表する議会を設置、人類の生き方を世界全体の市民が参加して議論・決定；
現在世界各国の議会、行政、政治家、政治学者などに呼びかけ中; World Federalists Movement（２）二酸化炭素ガス規制の京都プロトコルと同じように、各国が持続可能な範囲内で生活を営むように努力する合意を；まだ初期段階: World Federalists
Movement, Vancouver

ー続き（３）SDG (sustainable development goals）−カナダWFM-Goals:
Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainableagriculture
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning
opportunities for all
Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all
Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive
employment and decent work for all
Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization andfoster innovation
Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*

ーーー続きー（4）世界共通資産税 （トマ・ピケテイ：「２１世紀の資本論」）：タックスヘイブンや投資促進のための企業減税などの抜け穴のない、世界共通の資産税を設定ー現在の富の集中の傾向を少なくするため。低税率だが、累進的で長期に行う（5）おそらく、現経済体制を先に述べた「経済基盤を利益（新自由主義）でなく、市民に生活基盤を提供するための機構という基礎概念に基づく経済体制の確立」のように一挙に移行することは不可能であろうが、以上のように、できる可能性のあるところから、徐々に、しかし持続的に実行に移して行く