LIOVIX®

A Breakthrough Technology for Advanced
Lithium Battery Performance and Innovation

Using innovative approaches, Arcadium Lithium seeks to build
on our partnerships with industry to deliver on the promise ofpioneering technologies which can improve battery safety,performance, manufacturing efficiency and sustainability.
LIOVIX ® Lithium Anode Roll-to-Roll Double-Sided Production.

LIOVIX® is a unique printable lithium formulation that can improve the performanceof lithium-ion batteries, reduce manufacturing costs and enable the next generation ofbattery technology, all while enhancing safety and sustainability.

Enhanced Safety and Sustainability<Since LIOVIX® delivers lithium in a stable, protected
form, it reduces the need for very stringent environmental
conditions. LIOVIX® also gives battery manufacturers greater
control and precision in how much lithium they use (reducingwaste), allows for higher process efficiency (i.e., throughput) andopens pathways to shift away from conflict minerals and use
more accessible battery materials.

Lower Manufacturing Costs

LIOVIX® significantly reduces the need for a battery cellmanufacturing process called “formation” and provides othercost savings and efficiencies resulting from improvements inbattery capacity and cyclability.

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LIOVIX can boost a battery’s output and extend its usefullife with more recharge cycles. Performance improvements
have been validated by several leading OEMs and battery
manufacturing customers around the world.
®

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Higher Capacity, Longer Life Batteries

Pathway to Next Generation Batteries

LIOVIX® is an important technology for the development andcommercialization of batteries using lithium metal anodes. These
next generation batteries will address many of the challenges andlimitations of the incumbent technology.

Commercially Scalable<LIOVIX® can be incorporated into existing battery manufacturing
processes using standard equipment and common industry
methods for scaling operations.

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LIOVIX® Printable Lithium Technology describes the collective set of Arcadium Lithium intellectual
property that allows Lithium to be deposited onto a substrate in a safe, controlled, scalable manner.
Improvement toBattery Performance

Stabilized Lithium
Metal Powder (SLMP®)

Solvents andRheology Modifiers

Source of Lithium
active ingredientKnow-how to make aconsistent, flowable, printable
formulation despite Lithium’s
unique physical propertiesSafe + Controlled Deliveryof Lithium Metal

Safety and Handling

Printing Equipment

LIOVIX® presents
Lithium in a form
amenable to scalable
manufacturing

LIOVIX® is delivered onto asubstrate using off the shelfcoating or printing equipment

Scalable Manufacturing
Process for Customers

LIOVIX® technology can be applied across two broad areas: (1) electrode pre-lithiation in Li-ion Batteries and (2) lithium anode production.
Where is the Printable Lithium Technology Used?

Key Benefits

Anodes, which are currently
made out of graphite (carbon)
in conventional Li-ion batteries,
will be made out of a thin(<=20 micron) layer of Lithium Metal

current collector

Add electrolyte

Pre-Lithiation
Lithium Metal AnodeSEI formation during rest!

Sacrificial lithiumis deposited on theanode to reduce /eliminate irreversible
capacity loss during
first charge

Electrode loadedwith lithium

Active anodematerial
Carbon fiber
current collector

cells last longer resulting in lower cost of ownership• Pre-lithiation step simplifies cell manufacturing process and reduces

Bindercapital required

Anode withSEI layer

Electrodewith SEI• First cycle capacity improved by 10% – 30%• Improves capacity retention over life of battery by 20% – 50%;

• LIOVIX® provides affordable, high-quality pathway for manufacturing

LIOVIX® based lithium anodeLithium metal anodes with desired width and thickness

Solid electrolyte layer• Solid state batteries have potential to store more energy relative to

Cathode composite

conventional Li-ion batteries per unit mass and volume• Safer to operate (e.g., no flammable electrolyte)

Current collector

LIOVIX® Technology is Cathode Agnostic and is
Effective for a Wide Range of Silicon Containing Anodes.

LIOVIX® Lithium foil has similar
performance compared to baseline foil.
C/3 – C/3, 4.3V – 2.5V, 3 layer pouch cells

9012085100

Cycle Life (%)

First Cycle Efficiency (%)

9580757065608060

Baseline 20μm Lithium Foil
LIOVIX® 20μm Lithium Foil

4020

LFP/Graphite5%SiO

LCO/SiO

Baseline FCE

81 1/Graphite5%SiO

081 1/Graphite10%SiO

050

100

150200

Cycle number

LIOVIX® Incorporated

250300(Third-Party Data)

C/5 – 1C, 4.3V – 2.5V, 3 layer pouch cells
120Cycle Life (%)

1008060

Baseline 20μm Lithium FoilLIOVIX® 20μm Lithium Foil

40200Lithium foil roll before calendering.

North America
Philadelphia, PA USA
P:+ 1.215.299.5900
Charlotte, NC USA
P:+1.704.426.5300

050100150200Cycle number

Calendered lithium metal foil sheet.

EuropeJapan

China

Singapore

Korea

BromboroughMerseyside, England
P:+44.151.334.8085

Tokyo, Japan
P:+81.03.6268.0246

Shanghai, China
P:+86.21.6214.7578

P: +65.3165.2600
F: +65.3165.2694

Seoul, South Korea
P: +82.10.5892.2300

250300(Third-Party Data)

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