ERSA 2019 - Abstract Book
Printing update: 08 August 2019
The abstracts are listed in alphabetical order of authors' names (submitters).
Presenters are in bold and underlined.
.

Economic geography, identity, and electoral preferences: the case of the Welsh Brexit voteDr. Maria Abreu1, Professor Calvin Jones2
1

University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2University of Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom

S43-S2 Geography of discontent: Explanations and policies
IUT_Room 205, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
A wave of recent electoral shocks has highlighted the presence of significant regional disparities in electoral
outcomes. Few are as remarkable as the result of the UK’s EU referendum in Wales, given the nation’s verysignificant share of EU structural funds, and the reliance of its economy on trade with the rest of the EU.
Several studies of the EU referendum vote have identified the importance of local economic context,
demographic composition, and economic and cultural shocks, in explaining the result. An interesting and as
yet unresolved question is the extent to which the vote can be explained by the interaction between
different identities (Welsh, English, and European), and the local context. We analyse this interaction using
British Election Survey data collected in June/July 2016, and a semi-parametric matching estimator. Our
results show that after controlling for economic context and shocks, individuals with strong Welsh or English
identities were significantly more likely to vote Leave, while those with less strongly defined national
identities, and those with a Welsh identity linked specifically to the Welsh Language, were more likely tovote Remain. We also find that individuals with strong English identities residing in Wales were as likely tovote Leave as those remaining in England, while individuals with strong English identities resident in
Scotland were significantly less likely to vote Leave.

Salaries or culture? Short and medium-term drivers of graduate migration flows in the UK
Dr. Maria Abreu1
1

University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

S69-S2 The spatial dimension of productivity (OECD Spatial Productivity Lab Special Session)
IUT_Room 101, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM1A small but growing literature has analysed the drivers of internal graduate migration flows in high-income
economies, but several unresolved questions remain. A key issue is the extent to which new graduates are
driven by the economic circumstances of their origin and potential destination locations, as opposed to thesocial, aesthetic, natural, and cultural amenities of these locations. This paper addresses this gap in theliterature using new comprehensive longitudinal data for the UK, and a semi-parametric Coarsened Exact
Matching (CEM) estimation approach, to analyse the extent to which graduates are driven by salaries, living
expenses, and natural and cultural amenities. This approach controls for self-selection into higher education
institutions and subject choice, as well as parental background and other variables that constrain the choiceof post-graduation location. The paper concludes by analysing the potential impact of these flows on thespatial disparities in skills and productivity in the UK, and the resulting policy implications.

Is Proximity Enough? Factors Explaining Intra-and Inter-Regional Spillovers from University Research in
Spain
Prof. Daniel Coronado1, Prof. Manuel Acosta1, Dr Esther Ferrandiz1, Dr María Dolores León1
1

University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain

G21-O1 Innovation and Entrepreneurship
UdL_Room 106, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Much of the empirical research suggests that spillovers from scientific knowledge tend to be geographicallyconcentrated. However, spillovers are far from being automatic; along with geographical proximity, there
are other factors that might explain why some firms are capable of capturing scientific knowledge fromnearby universities better than others. This paper uses a new dataset on firm-patent citations of universityscientific publications to study the factors affecting the acquisition of public scientific knowledge by firms in
Spain. We follow the conventional approach of using patent citations to trace knowledge spillovers, but incontrast to previous studies, we combine firms’ characteristics with the regional environment and distance
to explain why some firms benefit from academic knowledge produced in their own regions and others do
not. With a regionalized sample of 5,218 patents applied for by 1,717 firms, we have gathered the numberof scientific citations in those patents, which have been classified by scientific field, and identified their
origin (regional or external). With this information, we address the following research questions: Where
does the scientific knowledge acquired by Spanish firms come from? Are there differences in the quality of
the absorbed science according to the region from which it comes? Which regions are the main producers
and which are the main users of science? Are there differences according to scientific fields? What are themicroeconomic factors affecting the absorption of scientific knowledge by firms? The methodology
combines the presentation of the main facts through some descriptive tables and statistics, along with agravity equation to identify the factors affecting the scientific knowledge acquisition by Spanish firms. Our
preliminary results show that 38% of scientific knowledge used in patents applied for by Spanish firms stems
from the U.S., and only 7% is generated by Spanish universities. The regional analysis of the Spanish originof science shows great disparity among regions. Before considering the microeconomic and regional factors,
the data support the hypothesis of proximity: firms cite more scientific papers from universities in their own
region than papers from other regions.

Why did Highways Cause Suburbanization? The Role of Highway Congestion
Mr Yusuke Adachi1
1

Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

G16-YS1 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM2

We provide a theory and evidence that highway construction in metropolitan areas has a causal effect on
residents and employment decentralization. We develop a theoretical model that illustrates the effect of
highway construction on workers' residence and workplace choices. The analysis of the model indicates thathighway construction reduces not only the population, but also employment in the center of metropolitan
areas when this area has a large population. To examine the validity of our theoretical model, we use partial
identification with data on central cities in the United States from 1950 to 1990. The results imply that ourtheoretical model is evidenced by all cities of metropolitan areas, though data on populated cities in 1950
do not support previous land use models.

Academic Excellence and Regional Development in Europe
Ms Maria Adamakou1, Professor George Petrakos1
1

University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

S17-S1 Geography of science and the spatial dimension of scientific activity
IUT_Room 201, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See the extended abstract online.
Why should we hire you? Rural employers’ motivations to hire newcomers in the Canadian Prairies.
Dr. Mikaël Akimowicz1, Sherine Salmon1, Dr. William Ashton1
1

Brandon University - Rural Development Institute, Brandon, Canada

G23-O4 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In order to mitigate a declining natural demographic growth that could fall below around 2030, Canada
relies on a consequent immigration policy. However, once in Canada newcomers strive to settle. In
particular, they have difficulties to find their place on the job market. Research has long focused on
discrimination towards newcomers during the hiring process, on newcomers’ job market accessibility
especially in regards to skills, and on employees’ motivations at work. In this presentation, we switch lensand look at the employer’s side, which has been little investigated. In particular, we look at rural employers’
motivations to hire newcomers.
In this first attempt to fill a gap in the literature, we used the Self-determination theory to design an on-line
survey aiming to highlight small and medium business owners’ motivations to hire newcomers. The on-line
survey was directed towards rural employers all over the Canadian Prairie Provinces (i.e., Manitoba,
Saskatchewan, and Alberta). A first section collected data about employers’ perspectives on businessfinancial impacts, newcomers’ skills, newcomers’ behavior, and community development. A second section
collected information about hiring and retention strategies to crosscheck the previous result. A third section
gathered some businesses and employers’ characteristics.
Although, newcomers’ behaviors and community development factors fostered intrinsic motivators, results
contradicted our working hypotheses that business financial impacts and newcomers’ skills would nurture
more extrinsic motivators. Further analyses suggested that employers are driven by the alignment of theirvalues (integrated motivators) with the valuation of their self-worth (introjected motivators) through themediation of employers’ understanding of newcomers’ struggle (identified motivators). These results tend
to align with the claims of the Means-Ends Fusion theory that any activity can be intrinsically andextrinsically motivated based on its similarity with the pursued goals. Consequently, these results tend tosupport Locke and Schattke’s (2018) call for a better integration of the several theories that are used to
study motivations based on the observation that they are not concurrent but complementary.
3

Catching the train? A community-based analysis of digital technologies utilization in rural Manitoba,
Canada.
Sherine Salmon1, Dr. Mikaël Akimowicz1
1

Brandon University - Rural Development Institute, Brandon, Canada

G23-O1 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Despite new opportunities for development in rural communities, digital technologies have not always met
expectations. In particular, their status as a panacea for rural communities has been extensively discussed
over the last twenty years. Many rural communities have been slow to adopt these technologies or achieve
meaningful outcomes, further contributing to the urban-rural digital divide. Researchers have identified theuse of digital technologies as an important area requiring a better understanding in order to realize theirpotential for expanding and developing capitals.
In this presentation, we investigate the opportunities and barriers associated with the use of digitaltechnologies in three rural communities of Southern Manitoba, Canada. The content of interviews withbusiness representatives and focus groups with youths and seniors is analyzed through the theoreticalframework of the community capitals (CC), which includes natural, built, financial, political, human, social,and cultural capitals. In our operationalization of the CC framework, we introduce a dynamic perspective bydiscussing capitals interactions as well as in- and out-flows of capitals in addition to the current stocks ofcapitals.
The analysis highlights the resilience of rural communities and the creativity associated with their utilizationof digital technologies, which enable them to take advantage of opportunities despite serious barriers. In
particular, preliminary results show that:
The lack of infrastructure to support coverage and connectivity can lead to security issues;
Access costs are higher in rural areas, where extra equipment is needed to boost signals andservices are not always delivered;
Skills are mostly self-taught, which fits the entrepreneurial attitude of most business
representatives but can result in fears among seniors who tend to learn more slowly;
Integration of digital technologies is fast-paced in every domain of everyday life (education, social
life, economic activity)
By August 2019, data analysis will be complete and definite results will be included in the presentation.

Students’ residential decision-making processes in the UK: considering the “green” factors?
Dr. Alexis Alamel1
1

Université du Littoral Côte D'opale, Dunkerque, France

S16-S1 Students, University and the City: Location Choice and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Over the last two decades, student accommodation have been intensely developed in the United Kingdom(UK) to match the growing demand initiated by profound changes regarding the functioning of the higher
education (HE) system in order to widen its participation. There has been a diversification of the types ofaccommodation that have been supplied to students, in part, tied to the increasing numbers of students in
4

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The student demand for housing has intensified, which has compelledaccommodation providers to adjust their products to the circumstances. the growing diversity of student
housing choices has produced spatial socio- economic tensions. For instance, students with limited
resources have restricted options available; many might consider staying at a parental home or residing incheap and over-crowded HMOs. Contrarily, the wealthiest students can choose from a vast array ofpossibilities. Beyond these socio-economic discrepancies, the variety of student housing supply has createdenvironmental gaps. Hitherto unexplored in academic debates, the sustainability characteristics of student
accommodation vary geographically. For instance, the environmental linkages embedded in the dynamics
between the supply and demand for student housing have been overlooked in the academic debate. The
study of the social, economic, and environmental intersects between the student housing supply anddemand is central in this research. Producing diverse and complex student geographies, the study of theseinterrelationships is primordial to the advancement of understanding sustainability issues in the student
housing sector.
Based on a statistical analysis of data collected through an online-survey, this paper examines the diversityof motives integrated in students’ residential decision-making processes and explores student’s residential
pathways according to socio-economic and demographic features. Through a building taxonomy, the paper
also showcases the physical and environmental features of housing occupied by student households in theuniversity town of Loughborough (England). Thus, this paper seeks to address this precise gap and,
consequently, contribute to academic knowledge by expanding contemporary debates in student
geographies.
See extended abstract online.

Entrepreneurial whim and "empty" territories
Prof. Alexandre Asselineau2, Prof. Anne Albert-Cromarias1
1

Groupe ESC Clermont, Clermont Ferrand, France, 2Burgundy School of Business, Dijon, France

S18-S1 Entrepreneurship and local development: symbiosis and/or dissonance?
UdL_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The literature on the field of entrepreneurship has been considerably enriched over the past few years anddeals with many aspects of the act of undertaking. A dominant trend seems to consider that, to beentrepreneurial, you need to be well surrounded, especially by having all the necessary partners at hand,hence the incubators and other collaborative innovation spaces.
In a global context of globalization and nomadic business, the question of the relationship of the company
to its territory has arisen. The competitive paradigm also prevails in this field, and the rankings of countries,
cities or regions that are leaders in terms of attractiveness inevitably lead to the development andequipping of territories that are already leaders and that have competitive advantages that are considereddecisive compared to others.
This double observation raises two complementary questions. While we most often reason in reference tolarge companies, what about the smallest of them, by far the most numerous? On the other hand, sincesome territories inexorably attract more and more activity, what happens to the others, these "empty"
territories which, less well endowed, therefore seem inexorably condemned?
This communication proposes to take an opposite approach to the mainstream perspective which postulate
territorial determinism: if it is impossible to fight the trend desertification of the least attractive territories,
how to explain the success of certain entrepreneurs (audacious? unconscious?) who engage in forgotten
territories? Is it a whim?

5We will approach this exploration through two complementary case studies, very different from all points ofview, both in terms of activities, geographical areas, individuals involved and time dimension - one is in thestart-up phase; the other is 40 years old.
In the light of these two cases, we can try to give some keys of analysis to the decisions taken by someatypical entrepreneurs to settle in an "empty" territory, rather unattractive and/or undeveloped, which theyknow well that they will have neither the resources nor the skills necessary to develop an ambitious project.

Building on Proximities for Coopetition: The Case of small Winegrowers
Prof. Anne Albert-Cromarias1, Prof. Alexandre Asselineau2
1

Groupe ESC Clermont, Clermont Ferrand, France, 2Burgundy School of Business, Dijon, France

S20-S1 Collective action, commons and commoning: towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The literature on coopetition has grown considerably over the past ten years and has progressively moved
towards a theory. It is now a good time to question its relevance in the field of small or even very small
enterprises. Coopetition seems more crucial for SMEs as they often face a distinct scarcity of resources.
Despite various and numerous researches, the literature has never questioned the role played incoopetition by the territory even if it seems to be essential to several SMEs, which are characterized,
amongst other features, by territorial proximity. Their local or regional market is often relatively limited andthey have developed neighbourhood networks as a source of labour and suppliers.
Several small businesses are imbedded in a clearly defined geographical area, such as those manufacturingso-called ‘terroir’ products, the main feature of which is precisely the geographical location of theirproduction. Although space is not just something supporting economic activities, neither is it, at the otherend, a necessary nor sufficient condition for collaboration or innovation – the various proximities,
geographical and socioeconomic actually need to be activated. It therefore seems useful to analyse
coopetition through the lens of proximities based on the study of a recently established group of small
winegrowers.
Our exploratory study aims to understand how winegrowers in a territory little known for its wine, manage
to exist, and make the territory exist too, thanks to coopetitive relationships based on proximity. Our studyof the case of the ‘Ici commence la Loire’ vineyards shows the prominent role played by proximities inestablishing coopetitive relationships amongst winegrowers – first proximity in its geographical meaning,
but also socioeconomic proximity, both in its coordination dimension (interpersonal relationships, mutual
trust, joint projects) and in its resource dimension (history, small-sized vineyards, historical characteristics,
soil and climate). By activating socioeconomic proximities, the winegrowers create value collectively, andthen capture this value collectively and individually by selling their wine. What matters is less the existing
natural resources than the will to work together and define governance rules that will make it possible tocoordinate the necessary compromises and decision making, hence to develop coopetitive relationships, inthis case spontaneous, which are all the more crucial as these are small structures.

Spatial proximity to cultural facilities of European citizens: a methodological framework
Dr. Valentina Alberti1, Dr. Valentina Montalto1, Mr Francesco Panella1, Dr. Nicola Pontarollo1
1European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy

G24-O4 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
6In a context of growing social inequalities the role of culture is more important than ever to bridge socioeconomic gaps. Eurostat data shows that cultural participation rate is higher in urban areas, however,almost one third (31%) of Europeans living in cities do not participate at all in cultural activities. From ageographical perspective, the number of cultural venues, their spatial configuration across Europe, and theirdistribution within urban areas, can be seen as a basic proxy to measure arts and culture accessibility.
Spatial proximity, indeed, represents a meaningful measure of local provision which interacts with otherfactors to provide information on enabling resources or “opportunity structures”. Drawing on these
considerations, the objective of our paper is to develop an “Inequality in Cultural Proximity Index” (ICPI)
capable of providing an initial layer to explore inequality in culture accessibility opportunities in 191
European cities.
We proceed by steps. The first consists in collecting information on cultural venues, which is done using
data from TripAdvisor and Facebook. In the second step we create a distance matrix relating each
population grid cell to the cultural venues. In the last step, we calculate the Inequality in Cultural Proximity
Index (ICPI). This includes the creation of a table with the population count per grid cell and the culture
proximity index for the whole grid. The records are then sorted in ascending order of proximity and, finally,
we calculate the ICPI using the same formula of the Gini index. The ICPI calculated for each city will allow us
to compare the absolute number of cultural venues with the degree of inequality in their proximity.
This raw index aims at building a first comprehensive, Europe-wide approach relating georeferenced dataon cultural venues to population distribution in European cities. The study may lay the foundations forfurther analysis and support the debate on the policy implications of spatial inequality and access to culture.

Convergence in EU: from country level to regional level
Prof Lucian-Liviu Albu1, PhD Ada-Cristina Marinescu2
1

Institute of Economic Forecasting, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania, 2Institute of World Economy, RomanianAcademy, Bucharest, Romania

G08-O2 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Following other studies demonstrating empirically the complex road to convergence in EU, based on an
updated analyse, we highlight as a quasi-general rule: a country starting at a relative small level of income
per capita (far on the left side at that moment from the average of its group level) will strongly converge tothe group average but in this way it will be registered a process of divergence among its component regions.
A main problem is when the regional divergence will reverse in a regional convergence process. In our study
we propose a theoretical model to explain this phenomenon of switching from regional divergence toregional convergence doubled by a simulation model. As application of the model, we are using few levelsof grouping (digitalisation). Thus, firstly, EU (27 countries after Brexit) is divided in three conventionalgroups of countries: North-West (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, and Sweden); South (Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain); East
(Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia).
Secondly, each country is divided in its component regions, according to the NUTS 2 Eurostat database.
Thirdly, each region in a country is divided in its small territorial units (counties), according to the NUTS 3
Eurostat database. Finally, considering the period starting in 2000, we present a resulted typology ofcountries and respectively of regions in EU by using two criteria (changes in position against the average
income per capita in EU and respectively existence of a process of convergence/divergence among
components).
7

Repair and reuse networks? A practical application of a spatio-temporal analysis method
Dr. Julie Gobert2, Dr. Romain Allais1
1

Apesa, Tarnos , France, 2ENPC, , france

S21-S1 Circularities and proximities: stakeholders, scales, ressources
UdL_Room 106, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Recyluse is a research and operational project targeting to better understand the nature of the different
resistances against and interests in repair and reuse not only from the citizens but also from the publicauthorities and waste operators. It questions the collective capacity to build circular networks of reuse andrepair, while taking into account local characteristics, path dependences and technical lock-in. In contrast to
the current waste management model, which is centralized and subject to the techno-economic imperativesof industrial means of waste processing, it is assumed that the future of waste management is not a uniqueplace but a network of territorialized initiatives based on repair and reuse activities with high social andenvironmental values.
This project is based on two French case studies (the agglomération Pays Basque and the conurbation(communauté de communes) Coeur de Savoie) and different work sequences (territorial diagnosis,
organisation of living labs). It also combines different scientific disciplines: engineering sciences and social
sciences and quantitative and qualitative approaches (survey, semi-directive interviews, observation,organisation of living labs).
This communication presents the implementation of an analysis method of territorial projects thatconsiders both temporal and spatial dimensions in addition to stakeholders’ network.
We develop the concept of perimeter of action, defined by the evolution of stakeholders’ network and theirmobilization of resources. These resources may be tangible (e.g. wood or machine tool) or intangible (e.g.
patent, knowledge), territorial (i.e. specific to a territory), exogeneous or generic but they are all sociallybuilt. These resources are assessed thanks to the framework for (im-)material flow analysis that consider
resources at multiple analytical levels, described as micro, meso and macro levels. The perimeter of action is
dynamic and embedded in a history: both inherited (i.e. previously constructed networks, geographicalperimeter, sector ...) and built during the structuring and realization phases of a project.
While analyzing these 2 case studies throughout the methodology presented above, we intend to determine
which endogenous, exogenous and generic resources are employed to build projects and particularly repair
and reuse networks. We attempt to see how these kinds of short local systems of waste valorization can be
implemented and whether they meet the users’ expectations. This should give inputs for decision takers at
the local and regional levels.

Urban Wage Premium in a labour market with informality and non-employment
Ms Eloiza R F Almeida1, Mr Veneziano de Castro Araújo1, Ms Solange Ledi Gonçalves1
1

Universidade Federal De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

8

G05-R1 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper aims to empirically analyse the Urban Wage Premium (UWP) of Metropolitan Areas (MAs),
addressing the role of the workers' occupational skill, education, and tenure in UWP composition at
different agglomeration levels, but also investigating the main components of wage differences between
MAs. Our contribution to this line of research relies on the possibility of investigate the UWP for both
sectors (formal and informal) and the application of Heckman's correction, since it is possible to reconstruct
the panel of unemployed individuals using a wide comprehensive database covering Brazilian workers from2012 to 2018, and considering workers of many sectors, social levels, and formality status. The results,
supported by robustness checks, indicate that there is a UWP for workers in MAs, but that is decreasing as
agglomeration becomes denser. By exploring the workers' formality status, it was verified that formal
workers UWP is in line with previous studies while informal workers UWP drives the overall results,
repeating the decreasing behaviour. The fact that there is a distinct UWP pattern between these groups
according to the agglomeration level is new in UWP studies for Brazil since the majority of them does notcomprises informal jobs. When located in denser areas, workers in high-skilled occupations or with a higher
level of education are better paid, regardless if formal or informal. While informal workers in low-skilledoccupations or with lower education level have a higher premium if located in Small MAs.

Rural and agricultural development by land consolidation: a spatial production analysis of Asturias´parishes
Dr. Inmaculada Alvarez1, Professor Luis Orea2, Dr. Jose Antonio Perez2
1

Universidad Autonoma De Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 2University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain

G23-O1 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper evaluates the impact of the land consolidation processes that have taken place in Asturias during
the period 2001-2017. These processes have been received European funds because of their potential to
improve the economic activity in rural areas and stabilize their population. In particular, land consolidation
aims to increase farms’ productivity as these processes involve public investment in infrastructures thatfavour accessibility and development in these and adjacent areas. To evaluate the effect of landconsolidation processes on milk and meat production we treat the parishes in Asturias as production units
and estimate a set of distance functions. We use the number of dairy and beef herd in the parishes as aproxy of the production of the farms located in each parish. With this aim we consider different indicators
collecting several aspects about the quantity and the intensity of those consolidation processes. In
particular, we consider the number of processes, their duration, which is an indicator that collects the time
elapsed between processes, and investment per hectare carried out.
Our preliminary results indicate that only the investment in land consolidation contributes to increase farms
production. Therefore, processes should not be separated in time. However, the investment has an
opposite effect, that is, the intensity of the processes in monetary terms helps to encourage agricultural
production. It also worth noting that the interactions with investment are positive. This results suggest thathigher investment contribute to enhance the effect of the other indicators of land consolidation.
To identify the magnitude and the significance of the spillover effects equivalent regressions are performed
including the land consolidation processes carried out in the adjacent parishes. Following the standard
approach in the literature, we present estimations of production function including the spillover effects ofland consolidation indicators from neighboring parishes. They are as relevant as the internal consolidation9

processes, thereby confirming the importance of considering the notion of spatial interactions in thesestudies.

Threshold Cointegration in evaluation of structural breaks effects on Spatial Markets Integration: theBrazilian Cattle Market case
Dr. Alexandre Alves1, Dr. Aline Pancera2
1

State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil, 2State University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Brazil

G23-O3 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Aiming to understand the consequences of exogenous shocks which changed the common economic andthe central cattle beef Brazilian markets from 2006 to 2017, the current study has as main goal to identify
the pattern of cattle beef market integration considering transfer costs for each common economic market.
Researches about de spatial integration are very important because they show the regions that influenceother ones, resulting in reductions in government spending, avoiding the multiplicity of intervention andleading to efficient resource allocation. The models used to test co-integration were the Threshold
Autoregressive Models – TAR and the Threshold Error Correction Model – ECM-TAR. A preliminary
structural breaks test divided the series into three smaller samples defined by Period I (beginning of 2006 to2008), Period II (2009 to 2013) and Period III (2014 to beginning of 2017). In Period I, São Paulo region
presented the deepest influence on prices comparing to other ones, being characterized as the central
market and in this case the common economic market was composed by São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goiás andMato Grosso do Sul. In the Periods II and III, Mato Grosso do Sul became the central market where, in thefirst case, the common market countained Paraná State and the states from North, Midwest and South-East
regions. Finally, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rondônia e Rio Grande do Sul
were part of the common market in Period III. Results of the TAR Model indicated that the each common
market was spatially co-integrated in all Periods, but for the ECM-TAR model, the regions of the common
market from Period I didn’t co-integrate with São Paulo, the markets from Period II were totally cointegrated with Mato Grosso do Sul and the ones from Period III were partially co-integrated with Mato
Grosso do Sul. The study identified that the changes on industrial productive structure have interfered in
the spatial market integration. This indicated that beef cattle market presented modifications thatinterfered in integration dynamics. Thus, the results pointed out that the regional changes on beef cattle
agribusiness altered the behavior of common economic market.

Economies of agglomeration and employment in agroindustry: a study applied to brazilian microregions
from 2006 to 2016
Alexandre Alves1, Dr. Jackelline Favro1
1

State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil

G12-O4 Location of Economic Activityy
MILC_Room 310, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The industrial production structure is a fundamental component for understanding the dynamics of local
employment. Thus, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the local economic structure andthe level of agroindustrial employment for Brazilian microregions from 2006 to 2016, considering both the10sectoral dimension, where the degree of externality of specialization and diversification affect employment,
as well as the geographic dimension, which identifies the spatial externalities from agglomeration
economies, where the performance of a region is affected by the neighboring regions due to the spatial
dependence on the concentration of economic activities. For doing so, the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis(ESDA) and static spatial panel data analysis with fixed effects were used as econometric tools, allowing
capturing possible regional differences invariant over time. The ESDA indicated the existence of positive
spatial autocorrelation in the agroindustry employment level in all years under analysis, evidencing HighHigh clusters predominantly in the South and Southeast regions and Low-Low clusters in the North andNortheast regions. In the Central-West region, a High-High cluster was observed in 2011 in Goiás state, as
well as a Low-Low cluster in Mato Grosso state during the whole period. The results obtained by the spatial
panel revealed that the level of employment in the agroindustry is positively associated with the level of
specialization in the same region and that the level of employment in the neighboring regions is also
relevant for the growth of the local agroindustrial employment. Regarding the diversified agglomerations,no statistically significant relationship was identified with the level of employment in the agroindustry.
Another result of the model was to identify that the agroindustry contributed to the dynamism of theBrazilian economy in the crisis periods, in 2009 and 2015, as it contributed to the positive aggregate
performance of the manufacturing industry as a whole. In this sense, the present study provides elementsthat can aid in the design of regional development policies by indicating that the segments that make up the
agroindustry are more productive when they operate close to one another and are important for thegeneration of employment and income for the Brazilian economy.

Energy mix simulation to reach regional energy strategy: A National impact of East Nusa Tenggara
Province, Indonesia energy mix
Dr. Adrianus Amheka1, Dr. Julius Tanesab1, Dr Yoshiro Higano2, Nonce Farida Tuati1
1State Polytechnic of Kupang, Kupang, Indonesia, 2Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University ofTsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki

G14-YS1 Energy and Ecological Transition
IUT_Room 201, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
More than 70% of global energy demand growth was met by fossil fuels as a trigger for increasing GHG
emissions and the Indonesian itself has contributed around 6.678 million stock tank barrels (MMSTB) forthat. Indonesian primary energy demand in 2025 from oil is 98.7 Million TOE or 24.7% from energy mix and
expected to be increased up to 197.7 Million TOE or around 19.5% from energy mix in 2050. In fulfilling
national energy needs, regional functions in achieving energy security is indispensable. For that throughnational energy general plan is targeted to reach renewable energy (RE) mix in 2025 is minimum 23% of
total primary energy. In this study several indicators used such as social economy, energy and theenvironment using LEAP simulation. The results show that East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province has potential
to develop RE, with the potential of primary energy resources of 23.8 GW enabling the Province reach the
RE mix target of up to 24% in 2025 and 31% in 2050 while GHG emission decreased 9% and 11% from usual
condition in 2025 and 2050 respectively. This means current energy structure have space to restructure theenergy system to be more optimal in achieving regional energy independence.

Foresight analysis and strategic thinking: Prospects for the settlement of Greeks in the countryside intimes of crisis
Dr. Evgenia Anastasiou1
1

University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

11G17-O3 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The economic development of the last decade has caused a whole host of changes within Greece. Amongothers, the country’s demographic structure was largely affected, as new mobility flows emerged and newforms of population distribution are revealing new attractiveness zones in the rural areas. The decade 20012011 is characterized by a net slowdown of the intense urbanization trend. The motives of the newrurals
focus on areas with population dynamics, tourism development, agricultural activity, services andstructures, reduction of geographical isolation, low cost of living and habitation.
The present paper raises the issue of the prospects of the establishment of Greek citizens in the
countryside, taking into account the amenities of rural areas. Through Foresight and Strategic Thinking
Methods, a longer-term framework is being developed to reflect the potential strategic choices of theinternal migrants. This approach is based on a mainly qualitative analysis combining the prevailingconditions of the external environment with the pull factors of rural areas. The development of futurescenarios and consequently the prospects for the establishment of Greeks in the countryside are twofold. It
will become clear whether the settlement in the countryside is for Greece a phenomenon essentiallygenerated by the economic crisis conditions and on the other hand what are the prerequisites for thefurther development of such a type of settlement.

The impact of the Federation of Yugoslavia´s disintegration - fine-tuning the impact of the break up using
remote sensing data
Dr. Magnus Andersson1, Mr Souknilanh Keola2, Dr. Mladen Stamenkovic3
1

Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden, 2Institute of Developing Economies, Chiba, Japan, 3Faculty of Economics, Universityof Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

S26-S2 Comparing local and regional development within and between countries – what information anddata is needed?
IUT_Room 202, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This study investigates how nighttime light images acquired from the Defense Meteorological Satellite
Program’s Operational Linescan System provide spatial and temporal insight with regards to the economic
impact of the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Firstly, the study provides an overview of the economic
development in Yugoslavia using conventional statistics and secondly analyses the disintegration of thefederation by comparing official statistics with nighttime light data. Evaluating the impact of thedisintegration of Yugoslavia as a federation and the conflicts arising in the wake of the break up arechallenging since reliable data is missing. Therefore, satellite images, as one of the few sources of objective
information, are potentially of great importance. We used yearly Defense Meteorological Satellite
Program’s Operational Linescan System composites covering the period 1992 to 2013. The analysis isdivided into small geographical units (districts) based on the republics in the former Yugoslavia.

Ethnic Enclaves and Immigrant Self-employment: A Neighborhood Analysis of Enclave Size and Quality
Dr Martin Andersson1, Dr. Johan P Larsson2, Dr. Ozge Oner2
1

Blekinge Institute Of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden, 2University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

S19-S2 Regional Entrepreneurship Policy
UdL_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM

12

We explore the effects of neighborhood-level ethnic enclaves on the propensity of immigrants to use
business ownership as a vehicle to transcend from labor market outsiders to insiders. We exploit anexogenously partitioned grid of geocoded 1-by-1 km squares to approximate neighborhoods, and match itwith Swedish full-population data from 2011-2012 to study immigrants from the Middle East. We
demonstrate a robust tendency for people to leave non-employment for self-employment if many membersof the neighborhood ethnic diaspora are business owners, while we observe weak effects emanating frombusiness ownership in other groups. Net of these effects, the overall scale of the enclave, measured by local
concentration of co-ethnic peers, negatively influences the propensity to become self-employed. The results
are consistent with the argument that it is not the scale, but the quality of local ethnic enclaves that
influence labor market outcomes for immigrants.

Agglomeration Externalities across the Urban Hierarchy - critical mass or fractal structures?
Dr Martin Andersson1, Dr. Johan P Larsson2
1

Blekinge Institute Of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden, 2University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

G04-O3 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The debate over the relationship between productivity and the density of economic activity has largely been
based on analyses where productivity differences between cities and sparser areas are attributed todifferences in their density. Therefore, much of the empirical evidence of the role of density comes fromproductivity effects driven by large dense cities. This is particularly the case in recent work on within-cityneighborhood density effects. However, there are reasons to believe that agglomeration economies,
relatively speaking, are at least as important in sparser areas. For example, the role of dense towns, orneighborhoods, in the countryside could, in functional terms, play the same role as a dense neighborhood
do in a large city. In this paper, we analyze the magnitude and spatial attenuation of agglomeration
spillovers in different spatial contexts. We exploit geocoded Swedish data aggregated unto square grids ofvarious sizes and study how the elasticity between density and productivity varies across spatial contexts.
We also assess heterogeneity across spatial contexts in the rate at which agglomeration effects dissipate
with distance. By aggregating matched employer-employee panel data over the 1990-2015 period unto
these grids we document quantitatively important elasticities, indeed comparable to those in metropolitan
areas, even in sparse rural areas. In fact, our estimates reveal sizeable neighborhood effects even in rural
areas, and that those effects exhibit lower depreciation with space compared to urban areas.

The geography of access to finance: financial constraints of Swedish SMEs across the urban-rural
hierarchy
Dr Martin Andersson1, Dr. Johan Eklund1, Ms Alexandra Tsvetkova2
1

Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum, BTH and JIBS, Sweden, 2OECD, ,S69-S3 The spatial dimension of productivity (OECD Spatial Productivity Lab Special Session)
IUT_Room 101, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Access to finance is essential for firms in order to scale-up their businesses and to develop theirproductivity. It is well established that SMEs often face more obstacles than larger firms when it comes toaccess to external finance, and this is often put forth as an important barrier for the growth and productivityof SMEs. Recent literature also points to that the location of SMEs also influence their access finance,
though robust empirical evidence is limited. This paper presents an empirical analysis of financial
constraints of SMEs across the urban-rural hierarchy in Sweden. We use a simple model of investment
13

behavior which allows us to examine if the sensitivity of investments to internal cash flow in Swedish SMEs
is influenced by their location. To this end we use firm level data covering all Swedish firms over 1997-2012.
We find that the investment–cash flow sensitivity is lower in large cities and in city centers. Firms locatedoutside of large cities and who are independent, i.e. not part of a corporate group, have highest cash flow
sensitivity. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the location of SMEs influence their access tofinance and suggest that the growth and productivity of SMEs outside the main cities may be harmed by thefact that they face stronger financial constraints.

Exploring How Tourists’ Experiential Activities Affect Satisfaction, Memorability and Destination Image
Modification of Tourists, the Case of Thessaly, Greece
Mr Meletios Andrinos1, Mr. Theodore Metaxas1, Mrs. Marie Noelle Duquenne1
1

University Of Thesaly, Volos, Greece

G18-O4 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Memorable Tourists’ Experiences are maybe one of the strongest travel motivations in nowadays. Pine’sand Gilmore’s “Experience Economy” had a huge impact on all economic sectors including tourism. In
nowadays, many touristic enterprises have shifted their interest and try to organize and offer staged
experiences for their clients in order to diversify their products and/or their services and develop
sustainable. The literature review identifies six attributes linked to tourist’s experiences: (i) Environment
Aesthetics, (ii) Tourist’s Emotions, (iii) Tourist’s Experiential Participation, (iv) Tourists – Hosts Interaction,(v) Cost of the activity and (vi) Authenticity of the activity. The present study is the first attempt which
examines how these attributes affect the tourist’s experience in the region of Thessaly, Greece. Moreover,is examined the linkage of tourists experience to their satisfaction and their memory. As a final step, isexamined how tourists’ satisfaction and memorability affects (positive or negative) destination’s image
modification. For this purpose, primary qualitative data was collected via online questionnaires that it wassent by e-mail in 195 incoming tourists, mainly, at least 1 month after their participation in experiential
culinary activities (traditional Greek cooking lessons) in agrotourism enterprises in the region of Thessaly,
Greece. Confirmative Factor Analysis (CFA) using SPSS-AMOS software was used to test the hypothesizedmodel and export all the result.

A local analysis of the market quality for the Parisian office building stock
Mr Paul Andriot1
1

University of Paris Dauphine, Paris, France

S37-S1 Geography of the real estate stock wealth and of its evolutions
IUT_Room 201, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The objective of this article is to analyze the spatial structure of the perceived quality for the Parisian officebuildings stock. Using a detailed grid that describes a building, a panel of market participants wasquestioned in order to reveal their quality judgments on each elements of the grid. On that basis, weelaborated a global quality score that can be applied to real buildings. This score can be split between alocation quality sub-score and a building sub-score.
In the literature, the notion of Central Business District (CBD) points out a central place in the city, where
the prices are maximal. In this article, we want to question the notion of centrality under the prism of theperceived quality, for the Parisian office buildings stock. We consider two urban morphology paradigms: themonocentric and the polycentric hypotheses. The first one assumes that it exists a central place around14

which the city develops. The second one considers several centers of attractiveness within a city. The
questions we address are the following. Is the global perceived quality score monocentric or polycentric? In
the first case, can we consider the CBD as the place of the maximal quality? Regarding the components ofthe global score, we expect a monocentric spatial structure for the location quality sub-score. As for thebuilding quality sub-score, the maximal quality might be reached for the first ring of the Parisian metropolis,
in relation with the ‘Grand Paris’ urban project.
In a first step we will describe our theoretical and methodological background for measuring the quality ofbuildings, then we will describe our sample of datas and finally we will ask the centrality of Paris CBD.

Location matters: a spatial econometric analysis of regional resilience in the European Union
Dr. Paola Annoni1, Dr. Laura de Dominicis1, Mr Neysan Khabirpour2
1

European Commission, Brussels, Belgium, 2Ludwig-Maximilians University , Munich, Germany

G11-O2 Spatial Econometrics
MILC_Room 310, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The aim of this study is to empirically examine regional resilience by assessing economic growth patterns in
two distinct groups of regions across the European Union (EU) in the aftermath of the 2008 economic andfinancial crisis. In an effort to consider the regions as interconnected economic areas and account forspillover effects, the modelling approach incorporates complex spatial effects that consider both spatial
heterogeneity and spatial dependence. The analysis follows a step-wise approach. First, spatial
heterogeneity in the EU is assessed by employing Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), which identifies
two distinct spatial regimes on the basis of their regional GDP per capita in 2008. The two regimes clearly
divide the EU territory into a north-west core, of relatively high income regions, and a south-east periphery,of lower income regions. Next, a Spatial Durbin Model is employed to estimate the determinants of regional
resilience and growth in both spatial regimes and sheds light on any potential spillover effects.
Complementing more traditional factors of growth, this study employs components of the Regional
Competitiveness Index (RCI) to explain growth differentials across EU regions. Empirical results indicate thatwhile both spatial regimes experience processes of economic convergence, recent determinants of growth,
as well as spillover dynamics, differ across the two. In the core regime, better institutions, higher shares ofinvestment, and an economy specialized in higher value-added sectors significantly spur domestic growth,with investment also inducing positive spillover effects to neighbouring regions. In the peripheral regime,
low shares of lower-secondary educational attainment and high shares of tertiary educational attainment
have a significant positive effect on domestic growth, with higher shares of tertiary educational attainment
also inducing positive spillover effects. Moreover, technological readiness is also identified as an importantfactor in the peripheral regime with positive spillover effects. Upon the bedrock of these findings, initial
policy proposals are offered.

Determinants of Municipal Waste in Poland: Analyses of Spatially Varying Relationships
Dr. Elzbieta Antczak1
1

University Of Lodz, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, Łódź, Poland

G24-O2 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In Poland, identifying key factors affecting the quantity of generated and recovered waste is currently
becoming one of the most significant challenges for the contemporary science dedicated to the theory andpractice of waste management. The diversification, intensity and strength of influence of specific factors
15

determine changes in the quantity and morphological composition of generated municipal waste. Thatknowledge may, in turn, form a basis for preparing reliable expert opinions and prognostic models, as wellas support local governments in waste management decision-making processes. This article attempts to
identify factors impacting on the quantity of municipal waste collected in Poland, taking into account thevariability of influence of particular determinants depending on their regional diversification. The analysis
covered the years 2005-2017 and local administrative units - communes (LAU-2). The spatial heterogeneityof the variable, identified spatial concentration and spatial relationships warranted applying geographicallyweighted regression with spatial error term (GWR-SEM) in the study. The dependent variable in regressionis the total quantity of municipal waste in kg per capita, whereas the group of determinants included:
uncontrolled dumping sites, population density, share of the population at the working age as % of the total
population, registrations for permanent residence, nights spent by tourists per 1000 capita, dummy
variable indicated urban and rural area, dwellings per 1000 population, permanent marketplaces per 100
thousand capita, entities entered in the REGON register per 10 thous. population, graduates per 10
population and investments in waste municipal management; The results prove that, e.g.: 1) the share ofwaste collected separately from the households is only 30% during the year; 2) the higher the level of
education the less waste is generated - especially in the north-central Poland; 3) the entities entered in the
REGON register per 10 thous. population and share of the population at the working age as % of the total
population are crucial for the waste quantity in regions of eastern Poland; 4) the factor most considerably
as to its regional range affecting the annually collected municipal waste quantity is the nights spent by
tourists per 1000 capita; 5) the share of individuals of working age was the factor most considerably (as toits strength) affected the quantity of annually collected municipal waste; 6) the applicable “litter law” does
not introduce a tight, coherent, rational and effective waste management model (the investments in waste
management is not significant in estimations).

Contradictions between Specialization and Spacial Development of company towns
Dr. Irina Antonova1, Dr. Evgeny Pchelintsev2
1

Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, 2Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation

G04-O5 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Company towns are found in a number of different countries at various stages of development. Russia is inearly stage of the development of company towns economy but it has already the sufficient input into theconcept and the criteria of company towns. This article focuses on company towns located in Kemerovo
region, Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions of Siberian Federal District in Russia. These regions are leaders
by the number of single-industries, mainly coal mining and metallurgy. We consider the financial statementsof the companies located in 41 urban districts and statistics at the municipal level during 2010-2017 todevelop spacial and economic models of the diversification efficiency. We conduct the dispersion analysis
concluding the inequality in spacial development of single-industry towns. Regression models allow us
resume low efficiency in the process of diversification. All considered regions has one dominant, morediversified single-industry town with the other, less diversified monotowns. We came to the conclusion that
there are contradictions between special development and economy specialization that is due to the factthat spacial development is focused on the alignment of economic development whereas specializationmeans reverse process.

Barriers of monotown diversification: the case studies for Kemerovo region urban districts, Russia
Dr. Irina Antonova1
16

1

Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation

G04-R1 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Although “company towns” are found in a number of different countries and at various stages ofdevelopment, they are understood differently, depending on the country. Russia, in the early stages ofdeveloping company towns’ economies, already sufficiently understands the concept and the criteria ofcompany towns. This article focuses on company towns located in the Kemerovo region, which is famous for
its coal industry. Here, all but one of the towns in the region is a single-industry town, generally related tomining. The region, therefore, is suitable for a case study. This article, which examines a sample of 14 urban
districts between 2012 and 2016, makes conclusions about the legal efficiency of the diversification process
in all the monotowns under consideration, except for the Yurginsky urban district. The results use adiversification efficiency matrix, which compares the diversification index, revenue growth, and the numberof single-industry companies. Correlation and regression analyses indicate a direct dependence between thenumber of new enterprises and ones liquidated. This characterizes the process of companies’ reregistration
to obtain new business tax benefits and explains why the unemployment rate is determined both by the
number of newly created and liquidated enterprises. The process of creating new enterprises is directly
related to the size of the population, which suggests that the enterprises being created are oriented
towards the domestic market and do not significantly diversify the economy of single-industry towns. Thus,a single-resource region, with a high concentration of monotowns, in the fourth stage of industrial
development that is trying to diversify its economy, faces high inter regional competition for investment
resources, low-efficiency tax incentives, and an orientation to a domestic market with a decreasing
population.

The determinants of local tax rates in France
Dr. Asmae Aqzzouz1, Pr Michel DIMOU1
1

Univerity Of Toulon, Toulon, France

S38-S2 Housing Markets: information, taxes, prices
IUT_Room 108, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Tax rates choices are made by each local government in response of the demand of local public goods andservices and the disposable tax baseLocal tax rates are a function of socioeconomic and political factors of
the jurisdiction and of neighboring jurisdictions. Among this external factors we have grants which have aneffect on the local tax choices of jurisdiction which was mentioned by Lago Penas (2008), economic shocks
can also effect the local tax choice of a jurisdiction which was argued by Castells et al (2004) andneighboring jurisdictions could also impact the choice of local tax. For theoretical review, this last external
factor have a major impact on local tax choice of a jurisdiction. It’s the main driving force in local setting. It
means when a jurisdictions decides to increase or to decrease its tax rate impact automatically the tax rates
of neighboring jurisdictions. This reaction implies that tax interactions or tax mimicking exist among
jurisdictions. According to the economic theory, tax mimicking is due to tax competition introduced by
Tiebout (1956) and Mierzkoski (1986) and yardstick competition presented by Salmon (1987) and Besley etCase (1995).
The paper uses two models applied to the counties of two French Regions (Rhône-Alpes and PACA) to study
the determinant sof housing and property taxes. An original dataset has been built for 2014 for this paper.
The paper also uses spatial econometrics (a spatial Durbin model and a spatial lag model) to study whether
the tex rates in a county are influtiesenced by the tax rates of neighboring counties.
17

From expansion to sustainable growth thanks to the ecological transformation of the existing
Dr. Stefano Aragona1
1

Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria - Facoltà di Architettura - Department of Heritage, Architecture, Urban
Planning - PAU, Salita Melissari, Feo Di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy

S47-S1 Maintenance and regeneration of the territory and the city as an occasion for their ecologicaltransformation
MILC_Room 409, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM

Territory and modern city have developed according to the needs and criteria of localization and thanks tohigh efficiency technologies and materials. But both are not "static", that is they are linked to the change ofspace, to climate changes and to the duration of the materials.
The paper addresses these problems, needs and opportunities to underline the importance of ordinary, but
above all extraordinary, maintenance of the existing city and of the infrastructures that, over time, havedesigned and organized the territory. The recent tragic events in Genoa, Italy, with the collapse of theMorandi bridge, show how this, beyond any legal responsibility, is indispensable.
Since 1972, with The Limits to Growth, the exhaustion of the paradigm has been highlighted - using,
metaphorically, the term referred by Khun (1962) to the scientific revolutions - of the industrial city and,after decades of expansion, the western industrialized city has long stopped this trend.
Given the mentioned limits of the industrial city, all this represents a potential advantage, an opportunity interms of environmental and social sustainability. To manage, with care and attention, the landscape - resultof the relationship between man and nature (Florence Landscape Convention, 2000) - place of historical,
social, urban and architectural values of territories and cities, morphology, infrastructures, building
typologies, is a big chance. New opportunities for quality of life, territorial and urban resilience andsustainability come from green and water: huge, but also problematic, resources, taking into accountcurrent climate change too.
It is necessary to avoid the threat that all this is guided by economic powers and forces, indifferent both tothe local context and to the wellbeing of the inhabitants, and to the increase of various types of risks.
Examples will be highlighted showing how territorial and urban policies can produce different development
scenarios using an integrated ecological approach. In this way it is possible to improve infrastructure
security, the condition of existing material heritage and quality of life.
Bibliographic references
Khun, T. S. (1962), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago University Press, Chicago
Meadows, D.L. (et al.) (1972), The Limits to Growth, Universe Books, New YorkUe, (2000), European Landscape Convention, Florence

Location determinants of high-tech firms: an intra-urban approach18

Dr. Josep-Maria Arauzo-Carod1
1

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia

S18-S2 Entrepreneurship and local development: symbiosis and/or dissonance?
UdL_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Full paper is available for discussant only.

Rural Community Tourism and Sustainable Advantages in Nicaragua
Dr. Andres Artal-Tur1
1

Technical University Of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain

G18-O1 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The capacity of tourism to improve living conditions has attracted the interest of developing countries. Rural
Community Tourism (RCT) represents an experience of community based tourism where local population
retains control over the process, with benefits remaining within the community. The central role of thecommunity confers a sustainable dimension to the process. In this context, the current investigation focuseson the study of successful RCT experiences in Nicaragua, proposing and testing a structural model that
ensures the reproduction and extension of community life, limiting the undesired negative impacts of
tourism, and providing a sustainable dimension in a wider sense.

Heterogeneity of digital transformation in French regions: a proposal of temporal and spatial typologies
Dr Mathilde Aubry1, Dr. Patricia Renou-Maissant2,3, M. Mamadou Sanoussy Sow1
1

EM Normandie, Caen, France, 2Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS CREM, Caen, France, 3Econonomix, UMR CNRS 7235,
Nanterre, FranceG(01+02)-O2 Mobility and Digital Transformations
IUT_Room 408, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The digital transformation represents a new stage of the profound economic and social reorganization
engaged under the effect of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). France is necessarily
concerned by this "digital revolution" which, today, forces organizations and states to rethink theireconomic, social and societal models. Its territories have to face major organizational and social challenges,
related to the intrusion of digital technology into society and into the life of companies. Indeed, thedigitalization of a territory is strongly connected to its economic performances, its innovation dynamics andeven its economic structure.
The aim of this research is to present a state of play of digital transformation in Metropolitan France overthe period 2000-2014. Multidimensional data analysis methods are employed in order to develop temporaland spatial typologies of the digital transformation.
Our work is organized in three stages. First, we consider the dynamics of the digital transformation in
Metropolitan France relying on several comparable variables across regions, namely: share of ICT
employment in total employment, growth rate of ICT employment, share of business start-ups in ICT as
pourcentage of total start-ups, share of business failures in ICT as pourcentage of total failures, share ofvalue added in the ICT sector in total value added, growth rate of ICT value added. These variables represent
components of the digital transformation. Preliminary results show evidence of a gradual transformation
over three sub-periods: 2000-2002; 2003-2008; 2009-2014. Second, we establish a typology of the twenty19

one former French regions with regard to the components of the digital transformation, focusing on theregions trajectories over the period 2000-2014. Thanks to this typology, several profiles of digitaltransformation are proposed. Third, the typology is enriched and consolidated thanks to a set of illustrative
variables related to four main themes: economic performance, demography research and innovation,
entrepreneurship, we use annual data extracted from INSEE and Eurostat databases.
This research enriches the current literature in regional science allowing to better describe and understandthe mechanisms of the digital transformation. Besides, our results make it possible to compare the progressof digitalization across French regions and to explain regional differences. Finally, in light of these results,
we are able to identify and analyze the inhibiting and catalyzing factors involved in the digitaltransformation.

Delineating and characterizing functional cross-border regions in Europe
Filipe Batista E Silva1, Andrius Kucas1, Boyan Kavalov1, Jean-Philippe Aurambout1, Mert Kompil1, Carlo Lavalle1
1

European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy

G04-O7 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
According to a recent European Commission communication (“Boosting growth and cohesion in EU borderregions”, COM(2017) 534), border regions are places where the European integration processes should befelt most positively – studying, training, working, receiving medical care and doing business across borders
are activities that should be possible regardless of the existence of administrative national borders. Borderregions are currently defined by the NUTS3 regions that share (or are sufficiently close to) an international
land border. However, NUTS3’s heterogeneous size and shape make comparisons across borders
inconsistent, and may be detrimental to targeted and effective policy action and funding.
In this presentation, we propose a new delineation of cross-border areas in Europe based on a functional
approach rather than a purely administrative one. The proposed ‘functional cross-border areas’ are basedon driving time to land border crossings computed from a high-resolution pan-European road network.
While the approach is flexible to consider different driving time thresholds, the current analysis applied 30
and 60 min drive-time thresholds to identify areas included in the functional border regions. In addition, we
combined the resulting cross-border areas with detailed population data at municipality and grid levels tocharacterize them according to their demographic situation and trends since 1960.
The results obtained reveal that demographic growth in border areas is significantly lower than the EU
average, suggesting lower overall attractiveness and economic performance. Notwithstanding, the results
also show a huge diversity of accessibility and demographic trends across the EU border regions andbetween the two sides of each border. These findings highlight the need for renewed and more targeted
policy action and investment in border areas. We argue that the proposed method to delineate andcharacterize cross-border regions is useful to support this endeavour.

Europe through the lens of the refined Degree of Urbanisation: First insights
Dr. Jean-Philippe Aurambout1, Dr Andrius Kučas1, Dr Carlo Lavalle1
1

European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy

S39-S1 Understanding urbanisation at a global scale: definitions and empirical analyses (OECD and European
Commission)
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM

20

The degree of urbanization (DEGURBA) is a methodology proposed by the European Commission (adopted
by Eurostat) which combines 1 km resolution grids of population and built-up to classify human settlements.
A recently proposed refined methodology now combines several population and density thresholds toidentify six classes of human settlements: Cities, Towns, Suburbs, Villages, Dispersed rural areas and Mostly
uninhabited areas.
This paper describes the results of spatial analysis, conducted at the European Union (EU28) level, using therefined DEGURBA for a set of 11 territorial indicators computed by the LUISA Territorial Modelling Platform
and the European Environmental Agency (EEA). These indicators took into consideration elements such as
population, roads and accessibility, green infrastructure as well as landscape morphology. The analysis
revealed that the refined DEGURBA provided, at country level, values significantly different for the majorityof variables considered, confirming they indeed characterize different types of territorial developments. We
then provided a detailed characterisation of European member states “through the lens” of the level 2
DEGURBA.
The refined DEGURBA indicates that 37% of the EU28 population lives in cities, 21% in Towns, 12% in
Suburbs, 12% in Villages, 14% in Dispersed rural areas and 4% in Mostly unhabituated areas. Urban areas
concentrate 72% of the population over only 3% of the EU territory but contain 17% of all roads (uniformly
distributed between cities, Towns and Suburbs). In addition, the refined DEGURBA identified Slovakia andSlovenia as having the lowest proportion of population in cities (14%). Belgium presented the highest
proportion of it population living in Suburbs (28%) while Slovenia had the highest proportion of populationin Dispersed rural areas (33%) and Ireland had the highest proportion of population in Mostly uninhabitedareas (19%). From this new classification we found that across Europe locations identified as Suburbs
differed from Towns in that, they present lower population density, higher UGI per hectare (ha), lower
percentage built-up areas, shorter distance to access sub-regional, regional but not to local services, moreroad and public transport stops per capita. Location classified as Villages differ from dispersed rural areas inthat they presented a much higher density and percentage built-up area slightly better access to services,
lower length of road per capita and more public transport stops per ha.
These first insights indicate that the refined DEGURBA provides a valuable new lens through which we canbetter understand urbanity in Europe and globally.

Delineating a relevant geographical area to assess the economic impact of an event
Mr Emmanuel Auvray1
1

Le Mans Université/gains, Le Mans, France

G10-O2 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Economic impact studies are one of the most common tools for assessing the economic outcomes ofsporting or cultural events for the respective host and surrounding areas. An important challenge is todelimit the geographical area on which it would be relevant to measure the impact. While sometimes"common sense" can identify a relevant perimeter, this is not obvious in all situations. This article proposesa method to objectify the perimeter in question without restricting itself to the administrative boundaries of
the host of the event. The 'economic impact' of a major event refers to the total amount of additional
expenditure generated within a defined area, as a direct consequence of staging the event. For most events,
spending by visitors in the local area is the biggest factor in generating economic impact (spending by locals
should not be taken into account because they would have spent their money in the local economic basin in
the absence of the event). Thus, it is necessary to identify what is referred to as "local economic basin". It isa geographical entity in which consumers live, work and consume daily. What interests us then is to identify
the geographical limits that allows considering that the consumers-workers belong to the local economic
basin.
21

We propose to rely on commuting. For a municipality hosting the sporting or cultural event, the local agentsare those who reside and work in the municipality and those who work in the municipality without residing
there (under certain conditions). We use professional mobility flows (commuting), from two algorithms that
we develop for this work, to identify the "local economic basins", that is the relevant geographicalperimeters on which it will be possible to conduct the impact studies.

Children’s school travel and resilient transport in Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Ms Georgiana Avram1
1

College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-napoca, Romania

S40-S1 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Over the past half-century, children mobility has changed from independently walking to being driven or
accompanied by adults, a fact that turned cars into becoming one of the enemies of the child friendly city
(CFC). Cluj-Napoca, the second largest city of Romania, is confronted with serious traffic problems, as thenumber of cars is 322 vehicles/1.000 citizens compared to 261 vehicles/1.000 citizens at national level, andonly from 2008 to 2018, 5.601 roads accidents took place, causing 511 children pedestrian victims.
Transport in cities has various pervasive effects (traffic congestion, air and sound pollution) which havebeen extensively studied. When examining traffic congestion, researchers usually attempt to focus on thenegative effect of people commuting to work, but fail to consider/take into account the effect that parents
taking their children to school has. So, the aim of this research is to identify which is the parents’ perception
about children’s individual school travel.

Estimating the intra-urban wage premium
Dr Rodger Campos1, Dr. Carlos Azzoni1
1

University Of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

G05-O4 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
We estimate the intra-urban wage premium and its attenuation with distance from a balanced panel ofworkers in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region in the period 2002–2014, dispersed in a fine grid of 1km x
1km cells. We do not determine exogenously central business centers (CBD) or sub-centers (SBD), butestimate the wage premium for each cell and for two layers of surrounding cells. Based on the wage
premium estimated in these three layers, we were able to estimate the attenuation effect. This way of
estimating the wage premium and its attenuation in space is novel to the literature. We estimate POLS and
Fixed Effects specifications to illustrate how the sorting of workers and firms is powerful in biasing theestimated coefficients. Since sorting might be present even after the introduction of fixed effects of worker,
firm, cell, sector-cell and matches firm-worker-cell, we run a 2SLS-IV model. We instrumentalize
employment in the cells by the additional constructed area for business and housing purposes, lagged by 7
years. Even after controlling for those time-constant effects, our instrumental variable estimation provides
evidence of an intra-urban wage premium and its non-isotropic agglomeration effects. The estimatedpremium is larger by multiples of the POLS or Fixed Effects estimations. The magnitude of the effects is
economically relevant: the introduction of 100,000 additional workers in the inner cell produces a 1.78%
increase in wages in that cell. The effects on the surrounding cells are negative and much larger than in22other forms of estimation that do not correct for endogeneity. The heterogeneity analysis revealed that
educated workers benefit the most from the increased interaction possibilities given by concentration andthey are less affected when located in the surrounding cells.

Effects of sanitary and technical measures on Brazil's Bovine meat exports - A panel data gravity model
MSc Michelle Martins, Prof. Carlos Bacha11University Of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil

G23-O4 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper aims to evaluate the impacts of both sanitary-phytosanitary (SPS) and technical (TBT) regulations
on Brazil´s beef exports. It seeks to identify whether these regulations show a protectionist or
standardization effect on the foreign markets for bovine meat. A gravity model was run where Brazil´s beefexports are explained by variables measuring countries´ GDP and livestock production, their distances andtheir SPS and TBT regulations. The first two explanatories variables are second nature and the third one isfirst nature variable according to the New Economic Geography and they played important role in explaining
Brazil´s meet exports. Also, the non-tariff measures have acted in a way to increase exports. Then, SPS and
TBT regulations have not acted as barriers to exports, more than this, SPS and TBT regulations have help tostandardize Brazil´s beef exports in a way that foreign market desire them.

Euroscepticism and EU Cohesion Policy: The Impact of Micro-Level Policy Effectiveness on Voting
Behaviour
Dr Julia Bachtrögler1, Prof Harald Oberhofer2
1Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO), Vienna, Austria, 2Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna,
Austria

S43-S1 Geography of discontent: Explanations and policies
IUT_Room 205, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This study investigates whether there is a link between the successful implementation of European cohesion
policy and the voters' attitudes towards the EU. Using the French presidential elections in 2017 as a casestudy, we do not solely consider regional funds expenditures but also its induced effects in a region as
further potential determinant of pro-European or eurosceptic voting behaviour. In order to measure theeffectiveness of EU structural funds and Cohesion Fund assignment, firm-level employment effects in
French NUTS-2 regions stemming from project allocation during the multi-financial framework 2007-2013
are estimated. The obtained average treatment effects are, in a next step, used together with other regional
characteristics to capture the citizens' perceived exposure to the EU in an empirical voting model for the
French presidential election in 2017. The estimation results reveal a significant negative relationshipbetween the effectiveness of EU funds allocation and the vote share of the eurosceptic candidate Marine Le
Pen.

Spatial aggregation methods : an interactive visualization tool to explain and explore
23

Dr Françoise Bahoken2, Emna Chikhaoui4, Étienne Duperron4, Dr Laurent Jégou1, Dr Marion Maisonobe3
1

Université De Toulouse-2 Jean Jaurès and UMR LISST-Cieu, Toulouse, France, 2Université Paris-Est / AME-SPLOTT /IFSTTAR et ass. UMR Géographie-Cités, Paris, France, 3CNRS, UMR Géographie-Cités, Paris, France, 4Master Sigma,
Toulouse, France

S29-S1 Mapping flows, movements and cities networks at a European level
MILC_Room 309, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Choosing the appropriate scale of analysis is a well-known problem in regional studies. Changing the level ofquantitative spatial studies is not trivial and can have many substantial effects on the indicators, theirrepresentation and their interpretation, especially if the original data is spatially diverse and at a finegranularity. One cannot regroup spatial data points automatically without consequences. As geographicaldatasets are becoming increasingly available, and with a finer resolution, we want to provide some pointers
and use-cases scenarios from a geography standpoint, to present and analyse this issue. What definitions
can be used to delineate the idea of a city, an urban area or an agglomeration? At what size, population
density, volume of urban activity or surface are we observing a city? We consider this issue especially in acomparative purpose taking the example of analysing networks of European cities.
In this proposal, we provide a comparative analysis of spatial clustering methods or aggregation procedureswith an interactive web-based application designed to explain and visualize their effects on different results:
volume of urban activity (discrete values) and rankings, on the one hand, spatial configurations, sizes andrelational flows (links) of the aggregated values, on the other hand. We will use the themes ofdemographics and the geography of scientific activity, at the city scale in their spatial and relational
dimensions.

Alexandre Brongniart (1770-1847), geologist and science passer. Graphic exploration of the trajectory of ascientific life
PhD Martine Mille2, Dr Françoise Bahoken1
1université Paris-est, Champs Sur Marne , France, 2PSL Research University, Paris, France

S17-S1 Geography of science and the spatial dimension of scientific activity
IUT_Room 201, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
We propose to study the case of a 19th century French mineralogist, Alexandre Brongniart (1770-1847), coauthor with Georges Cuvier of the first stratified map of the Parisian basin in 1811. The description of theadvances of this map is part of a process fueled by Brongniart's involvement in familial, professional andscientific networks in France and Europe. The result is a multitude of information (Mille, 2018) highlighting
an eclecticism which overall coherence seems complex to reveal and to represent.
From writings from the private sphere - notes, travel diaries, correspondence - and scientific results, it ispossible to accurately reconstruct the life of the scientist, in particular to represent it graphically in the formof one or more trajectories (biographical, scientific, technical, professional, social, etc.). To this end, we will
mobilize a generalizable methodological corpus (Bahoken, 2016, 2019), allowing the graphic exploration ofthis life course, subject, however, to a reduction in information, made necessary by the formalization of
events imposed by the approach.
This communication focuses on certain components of the scientist's life: his participation in the circulationof science, in a perspective of progress, public good and scientific contribution; his involvement at different
levels, in various networks of sociability (academy, learned societies) and institutional frameworks (Corps
and École des Mines, Faculty of Science and Museum); his research trips; his discoveries; his publications, aswell as his courses and lessons.
24The proposed (carto)graphical analysis presents an exploratory aim, inscribed as a mise en abyme by thegraphy of the design of a map, a re-reading that follows a first geolocalization of events (Mille, Fernandez,2019). It uses a longitudinal approach, in an interdisciplinary context (history of science and technology,
geography and mapping). It brings a new perspective to the analysis of a scientific biography, a newperspective on the practice and formalization of science. The specific analysis of the temporal and spatial
components of science sites reveals the coherence of Brongniart's career in the service of science, covering
England (the controversy with Smith, a brilliant practitioner), Germany (the return to Werner, the father ofgeology) and France (Cuvier and Brongniart, the duo associated with the design of the map). It also suggests
the existence of a strong relationship between field practice and the formalization of a mapping tool (thegeological map).

Expanding the Content of Regional Science - Risks and Rewards, An Essay
Prof. Antoine Bailly1, Prof. Lay Gibson
1

Crans-montana, Crans Montana, Switzerland

S70-S1 Expanding the content of regional science, risks and rewards
IUT_Room Amphi 10, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Regional Science has developed as a rigorous science with a strong foundation in economics and geography.
There is no apparent reason for regional science to seek an entirely new orientation but there is anargument for it to expand its horizons and reach by exploring opportunities for incorporating otherdisciplines. The idea here is not to dramatically shift the focus of regional science but rather to encouraging
the incorporation of new content and to expand the participant base by scientists and scholars who benefit
from incorporating their fields with the approaches offered by regional science. The potential rewards aresubstantial but there are risks too. One obvious reward for disciplines and professional fields that elect towork within a regional science framework include viewing problems through a new lens. The risks might
include the dilution of the distinctiveness of the regional science approach as it seems to try to be all things
to all people. This paper explores potentials to expand the content of regional science without disturbing its
established character. And it discusses the need to minimize risks to the content while gathering thebenefits of expanding the discipline into new content areas.

The French experimentation with the framing of rents in tense urban contexts
Dr. Beatrice Balivet1
1

Universite Jean Moulin Lyon 3, Lyon Cedex 08, France

S26-S2 Comparing local and regional development within and between countries – what information anddata is needed?
IUT_Room 202, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Rents are in principle freely fixed in terms of housing leases. However, in order to improve access to housing
and social mix in tense urban zones, the French legislator intervened, on the occasion of Law No. 2014-366
of 24 March 2014 on access to housing and renewed urban development, to regulate rents. In tense areas,
the prefect sets each year, by decision, on the basis of the data provided by the local rent observatory, areference rent, an increased reference rent and a reduced reference rent, expressed by a price per m², perhousing category and per geographical area. The measure was tested in Lille and Paris, but the prefecturaldecisions were contested and finally cancelled. The issue concerned the scope of the framework adopted bythese decisions. The prefects had only retained certain sectors of the municipalities and not themunicipalities as a whole, a distinction that was not considered in conformity with the 2014 Law by the25administrative tribunals, and then by the courts of second instance in decisions from 2017. The French
legislator then had to give its opinion on the subject again, in the recent law n° 2018-1021 of 23 November
2018 on the evolution of housing, development and digital technologies, known as the ELAN Law. Rent
frameworks can now be applied to sectors within a tense territory to take into account the diverse reality ofthe territories. The short French experience already shows the need to have a correspondence between theperimeters of the framing, observation and approval of the local rental observatories. It also reflects a gap
between the projected and actual results and the resulting need for a corrective and coercive framework toensure the effectiveness of this system. See extended abstract online.

Exploiting Social Media Data to Estimate Monthly Fluctuations of Seasonal Population in Island Regions of
Greece.
Dr. Pavlos Baltas1, Dr Demetris Stathakis1, Mr Leonidas Liakos1
1

Laboratory of Spatial Analysis, GIS and Thematic Mapping, University Of Thessally, Volos, Greece

G03-O1 Big Data and Regional Science
IUT_Room 408, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Digital traces are all we leave while surfing on the internet, especially when we use social media. Everyregional policy proposal and/or assessment relies on sound and timely data. Can we use these digital traces
in order to produce reliable data series? Here we explore the use of Big Data for estimating seasonal
population variations. Timely monthly population estimates are important in regional science, especiallywhen we are studying phenomena such as tourism, where seasonality is a key aspect. The objective of thiswork is to produce timely and informative monthly estimates of seasonal population variations based onsocial media data. The proposed method is based in a new source, the Facebook’s Advertising Platform,
which is also open-domain. The method is applied in Greek Island regions. The majority of Greek islands
have a tourism-depended economy. Also, due to tourism, population size changes month by month andmakes the selected regions the ideal laboratory to test the method. The results of the proposed method arecompared with these obtained by conventional sources as arrivals by air and sea, night time satellite
images. Monitoring and controlling seasonal population pressures in islands is a key factor due to limited
environmental problems. For example, water use in regions that face water scarcity (like islands inMediterranean) is increased due to seasonal variation of population’s concentration in time and space.
Population estimates by month can play an important role as a means of measuring pressure and identifying
environmental limits (carrying capacity) of a region.

Creativity, Contestations and the Public Space in Kolkata: Evolution from Colonial to Post Colonial
Prof. Sumana Bandyopadhyay1, Mr Binay Pal2
1

Professor of Geography, University of Calcutta, India, India, 2Doctoral Student, Department of Geography, University of
Calcutta, Kolkata, India

G15-O3 Segregation, Social and Spatial Inequalities
IUT_Room 205, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Public Space has evolved as one of the elementary platforms where social interactions are played out. It
determines the character of any location. The different dimensions of public space are the key to ‘placemaking’ – more often than not, it is an annotation to the identity of a city. Public space evolves, transforms
and changes its character, in keeping with the spirit of the city and the researcher can trace thetransformation by relating its nature to the city’s economy, social character, planning and governance. It is26

understood as it evolves, as a divergence of many factors. This paper makes an attempt to unravel thecomplex historical narratives over the production of public spaces in the city of Kolkata, a megacity thatevolved through colonial history, struggle for independence, the naxal movement, a long history of Left ruleand presently, a politically changed scenario – all this interspersed with the neo-liberal influences inplanning. It is increasingly evident that public space that evolved in specific social exclusionary principles
during the British rule, bore a distinctive character as identifiably different from those created by the local
communities for their own use. Public spaces are also spaces of other kinds of contestations – users resolve,
as also create conflicts, raise protests, address public issues etc. Users become agents associated withcitizens rights, homelessness, provision of public utilities, public art, scope for a democratic rights. Delving
into the colonial era is an essential precursor to understanding the evolution and transformatory characterof Kolkata’s public space in its present form. Content analysis of archival literature, planning and policy
documents are used as the basis of enquiry, substantiated by perception studies across different sets of
respondents selected from amongst elite and poor citizens, aged citizens of select neighbourhoods,
planners from yester-years and present generations help identify the visions and imageries of the city andits role in place-making. It is concluded that there has been a gradual shift in perceptions from segregationand exclusion during colonial period towards creating more uniform and inclusive public spaces inpostcolonial era on the one hand, and the superimposition of the vision of a global city aimed to be createdin keeping with demands of global capital. This juxtaposition has created complexities of identity, conflicts
and confusions, often usurped politically, that have nuanced impacts upon the communities and theirfreedom to use space as if it were their own.

Resilience of smart specialization’ key sectors in the peripheral areas. Case study: North East Region(Romania)
Dr. Alexandru Bănică1,2, Prof. Gabriela-Carmen Pascariu1, Dr. Bogdan Ibănescu1, Dr. Mihail Eva1
1

'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University, Iasi, Romania, 2Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, Geography Group, Iasi, Romania

S40-S5 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Smart specialization aims to ensure the implementation of a certain development path based on a limited
number of domains in which there is a high potential of capitalizing exceptional features and assets of aregion which might reinforce economic growth and build its competitive position on the global market.
Several connections between smart specialization and regional resilience have been identified in theliterature, such as the capacity to learn from past events and crisis and to innovate. The present study falls
within the wider context of assessing the impact that current strategies can have on building regional
resilience. Thus, the paper explores the role of the Smart Specialisation strategies, in the context of the newEuropean Union cohesion policy, in inducing or opposing to economic resilience of the lagging EU’s regions,considering the institutional determinants. The aim of the research is to evaluate whether the domains
chosen for smart specialization of peripheral regions have also the potential to increase regional resilienceand to enhance competitiveness, while reducing the gap to the more developed regions. First, the current
approach makes a general assessment of peripheral regions in European Union by taking into account theresilience performance of these regions when confronting the economic crisis. Meanwhile, their proposals
of vertical priorities of smart specialization were analysed. Second, the analysis was deepened in the case of
the North East Region in Romania by using the time series analysis in order to discover how resilient were
the four domains (agro-food, textiles and clothes, IT&C, and biotechnologies), identified as key sectors in
the Regional Smart Specialization Strategy during the economic crisis (2008-2011) and how they bounced
back after this perturbation. The results show that there is an obvious difference between the contributionof the four analysed domains to competitiveness at national and European level, but also a difference intheir resilience inducing potential. Finally, the perception of different stakeholders (mainly those included in27Smart Specialization Regional Consortium) was assessed by applying semi-structured interviews that aimed
at highlighting the contribution of the four domains in enhancing and transforming regional economy. The
present study tried and, to a certain extent, succeeded in exploring the resilience performance of verticalpriorities of North East Region, during and after the recent economic crisis, in order to contribute to anassessment of their potential in overcoming shocks and sustaining long-term development.

Quality of Government and EU regions: an impact assessment using the RHOMOLO model
Dr. Javier Barbero1, Dr. Martin A. Christensen1, Dr. Andrea Conte1, Dr. Patrizio Lecca1, Dr. Andrés RodríguezPose2, Dr. Simone Salotti1
1

European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Sevilla, Spain, 2The London School of Economics and Political Science,
London, UK

G24-O4 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The importance of institutional quality for economic growth and development is becoming more widely
studied in the scholarly literature, using econometric analysis at both country and regional level. What is still
missing is a comprehensive analysis of the role of institutional quality in a general equilibrium frameworkthat captures all the transactions between different agents of an economy – households, firms, and thegovernment – as well as the spatial interactions among regions. Neglecting the general equilibrium effects
may result in an incomplete assessment of the role of institutional quality on the macroeconomic
performance of the economy. In this paper we fill this gap in our knowledge by resorting to the RHOMOLO
dynamic spatial general equilibrium model for the EU regions to assess the macroeconomic impact ofregional variations in quality of government. The model allows capturing how macroeconomic variables –GDP, employment, trade, and consumer prices among others – respond to a hypothetical improvement inregional government quality. The results stress how the performance of different public policies acrossregions of Europe is heavily conditioned by variations in regional government quality, meaning that greaterattention to the quality of local institutions is necessary when formulation and applying public policies.

The EU Regions Integration in Global Value Chains
Dr. Javier Barbero1, Dr. Jorge Díaz-Lanchas1, Dr. Patrizio Lecca1, Dr. Giovanni Mandras1
1

European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Sevilla, Spain

S34-S2 Regional Modelling: New Approaches and Data
MILC_Room 308, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Startups in a peripheral region-An empirical analysis of startups in Israel
Prof. Raphael Bar-El1, Mr. Liran Maymoni2
1

Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel, 2Sapir Academic College, Israel

G07-O3 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM

28

The natural tendency of startups is the concentration in main urban centers, while their share in peripheral
regions is rather limited. The objective of this study is to identify factors that may explain this phenomenon,
in order to contribute to the formulation of appropriate policies for the promotion of innovation in the
periphery.
Our hypothesis is that startups that locate in the periphery have specific characteristics, and that theirdependence on factors of the innovation ecosystem differs from that of startups in central regions.
We apply a questionnaire to 173 startups, 105 of them located in the metropolitan center of Tel-Aviv in
Israel, and 54 located in peripheral regions. Data collected relates to the typology of the startups, including
characteristics such as radical or incremental innovation, open or closed innovation, blue or red ocean type,etc.. In additional interviewees were asked to evaluate on a scale of 1 to 5 the importance of a list of factorsof the ecosystem in relation to their startup.
A preliminary estimation using a logit regression indicates the types of start-ups are more likely to settle in
the periphery. We further analyze the relative importance of various factors of the ecosystem for each typeof startup, comparing between the periphery and the center. The results may provide effective information
about appropriate policy measures for the attraction of selected types of startups to the periphery.

The gender patenting gap: a comparison between Brazil and Spain
Ms Lydia Bares Lopez1, Ms Kelyane Silva2, Mr Danilo S. Carvalho3
1

University of Cadiz, , , 2Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI-BR), , , 3Center for Technological
Development in Health (CDTS /FIOCRUZ), ,G07-O5 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The number of patent applications has been in a worldwide trend of growth in the recent decades, in
response to policies that encourage the diffusion and transfer of technology. Such trend is linked to patterns
in industrial, scientific and educational investment, with varying participation of the different groups in a
globalized society. While there is a widespread effort into evaluating and improving the participation ofgroups recognized as minorities within state-of-the-art activities, research about women participation in theinnovation sector is currently limited.
This work presents a study on the female involvement in patent applications in Ibero-American countries,
with special attention to Brazil and Spain, in order to measure gender inequalities in institutional
collaborations and technological fields. Our findings indicate there is still a long way to overcome genderinequality in Science, Technology and Innovation activities, but slow progress is being made, especially in
Brazil and Portugal.

Academic patenting and its consequences on scientific research. Some evidence for Spain.
Dr Manuel Acosta Sero1, Ms Lydia Bares Lopez1, Dr Daniel Coronado Guerrero1, Dr Maria Dolores Leon
Rodriguez1
1

Universidad de Cádiz, Cadiz, Spain

G07-O6 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The main objective is to analyse the possible consequences of stimulating commercial exploitation ofacademic research, encouraged by recent policy initiatives and legislative changes, on the dissemination ofscientific knowledge and the quality of research output in public research organisations in Andalusia(southern region of Spain). To achieve the main objective, we will need to identify two specific objectives.
29Firstly, to analyse the impact of patents over the number of scientific publications. To do this, we start fromtwo effects: the crowding-out effect (substitution effect between patents and publications) and thecomplementarity effect (patents and publications are complementary). Secondly, to assess the impact ofpatents on the quality of scientific publications. The quality of scientific publications will be measured withthe journal impact factor (JIF). Our panel dataset is 9,444 members of a research group in universities or in
the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), in different fields (agrifood; health science and technology;
life sciences; physics, chemistry and mathematics; natural resources and environment; communication andinformation technologies; production technologies – we exclude social sciences and humanities-) publishedby the Regional Government of Andalusia in 2003. We construct the database of patents using the Spanish
Patent and Trademark Office and our sample consists of 1,251 patents for the period 1998-2013 that havebeen applied by public research organisations in Andalusia. We find 682 scientists who applied for at least
one patent in this period. For the construction of the database of publications we use the ISI Web ofKnowledge database and we count a total of 105,589 publications, in which there are in the address at least
one public research organisation from Andalusia. Furthermore, we have information about the individual
characteristics of the scientists and about the institutions where they work. The econometric models
indicate a beneficial effect of patenting on scientific productivity in terms of quantity and quality.

Methodology to measure the impact of freight transport in the urban logistics system Application of theSix Sigma method
Mr Tarak Barhoumi1, Mr Younes Boujelbene
1

Unit Of Applied Economics, University Of Sfax Faculty Of Economics And Management Of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia, 2Faculty of
Economics and Management of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia

S57-S1 Freight mobility and urban forms, IUT_Room 108, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Nowadays, the problems of freight transport pose logistical constraints to the urban system of the city. The
purpose of this article is to better understand the interactions between local and interurban traffic, on the
one hand, and between the location system and the transport system, on the other. Thus, in a simulation
and analysis approach, we can not limit ourselves to the transport system alone.
The proposed approach is based on an assessment of the impact of freight transport, which is closely linked
to the diagnostic method, based on two surveys carried out in the territory of the Sfax urban community.
These surveys are based on two main components, the "settlement component" and the "component".
The proposed model characterizes, evaluates and analyzes the impacts of freight transport on theperformance of urban logistics systems. Our interest has been particularly focused on the multiple factor
given the emergence of cognitive science in industrial circles.
In this sense, we have found that the Six Sigma method is well suited to our field. Indeed, this method aims
to improve the satisfaction and profitability of processes. Our model follows the Six Sigma method to ensure
the continuous improvement of the processes on which our urban logistics system is based. In thisapproach, we have introduced quantitative tools to analyze the impact of freight transport on the urban
logistics system.
The results propose a reorganization of freight transport in the city of Sfax. Firstly, an orientation of thetraffic of heavy goods vehicles towards the main axes of transport namely the bypass roads (ring road N ° 2,ring road N ° 4 and ring road N ° 11) and the penetrating news of the city. Then the implementation of aretail goods delivery policy and the strengthening of logistics in the city. The creation of a logistics zone on
the ring road N ° 11 where different modes of transport of goods meet, in order to decongest the roads of
big traffic, makes it possible to reduce the costs of transport and thus to improve the competitiveness of theregional economy.

30

Innovation, Influence, and a Deck of Cards: Exploring an innovation intermediary through Human-Centred
DesignMr John Barker1, Professor Nick Clifton2, Professior Gareth Loudon3
1

Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, 2Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,
Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

3

S14-S1 Collaboration-based innovation policies: theory, empirics and practitioner feedbacks
UdL_Room 106, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM

The importance of organisations that broker innovation are gaining relevance as drivers of regional
economies, as public sector funding for research and development reduces (Nilssen and Sia-Ljungström,2013). Understanding the part that these ‘innovation intermediaries’ play in catalysing research anddevelopment activity in regional economies has huge potential value for policy and practice. The
importance of understanding this relationship between innovation intermediaries and the wider economy isespecially prevalent in regions that historically, and presently, are in a phase of low economic productivity
such as Wales. This paper reports a case study of one such intermediary in South East Wales using an
ethnographic methodology and human-centred design method to explore the values, perspectives, andinfluence on the innovation process. In undertaking this observational process, the study uncovers newlearning about this often-unseen agency in the context of the Welsh economy.
Results of the study highlighted the importance of human capital in the innovation process and the value of
diversity within the actors/agency innovating, in this case, using online crowd-based mechanics.
The findings of the study contribute to the broadening field of knowledge around digital innovationintermediaries and enter the bounds of new knowledge through the exploration of the subject by
ethnography and human-centred design.

See extended abstract online.

Impacts of automated transport on cities: how to discuss and study impact mechanisms
Dr. Yvonne Barnard1
1

University of Leeds, , United Kingdom

S66-S1 Assessing impacts of automated driving and automated mobility
IUT_Room 108, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Large scale introduction of automated has the potential to transform the cities of the future. Next toincreased safety, it could improve the transport network efficiency, reducing congestion, and incombination with electrification reduce air pollution. It could improve personal mobility, also of groups
currently experiencing transport poverty. However, it may also have negative consequences such a
reduction of active transport modes (walking and cycling) because of the improved access to motorised
transport. Also public transport could be become under pressure, and even leading to more vehicles on theroad. Different scenarios are possible, and proposed and studied in several European projects androadmaps. Shared mobility is an important one that holds promises to (partly) solve the transport problemsof our cities.

31

As the problems and solutions related to automated transport are complex, it is important to discuss andstudy the potential impacts at all levels in our society. In the proposed paper, we will discuss the work thatis ongoing in the Trilateral (EU, Japan and US) Working Group on Automation in Road Transportation
subgroup on socio-economic assessment, as well as in the European support actions CARTRE and ARCADE.
The trilateral group has developed a framework for describing the impact areas, relating them to key
performance indicators on a wide range of direct and indirect impacts such as for example safety, mobility,
land use and public health. Impact mechanisms were identified, for example availability of automatedvehicles may improve mobility and lead to more trips and more traffic. The high‐level evaluation frameworkis used for assessing the impact of automation and to harmonise these evaluations on an international level.
In the CARTRE project, the key performance indicators were used to gather expert opinions on the
directions (positive or negative) developments could go in different future scenarios. Currently work isunder way to make the complex impact paths more insightful and easier to work with, using graphicalrepresentations and system dynamics modelling techniques.
The paper will focus on three main topics: the impacts automated transport may have on cities in different
scenarios, the impact mechanisms, and the methods to develop and discuss impact paths.

Connectivity and economic growth: A panel study for European regions
Mr Brice Barois1, Mr Michel Dimou1
1

University Of Toulon, Lead, Toulon, France

G07-O1 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The aim of this paper is to study the way the local creative economy and the connected economy affectregional economic growth in Europe. The paper builds upon a specific literature on creative and connectedeconomies and shows that in many regions they appear as the main engine of growth. Eurostat data fromthe period that goes from 2006 to 2013 is used to build a panel data econometric analysis in order to test
the relation between creative economies and the growth of GDP per capita for the 226 European Regions at
a NUTS 2 level. Tools of spatial econometrics allow us to correct the spatial autocorrelation biases. This
work also delivers evidence that the regional disparities in the stock of the creative industries depend upon
the position of each region in the European regional hierarchy.

Innovation and exports in developing countries; different markets, different outcomes
Gabriela Barrere1, Andres Jung1, Diego Karsaclián1
1

Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay

G07-O6 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The purpose of this study is to shed some light into the scarcely explored role of destination markets in therelationship between innovation and exports for developing economies. In this way we intend to contributeto the debate on a key issue for the design and implementation of innovation and internationalization
policies in developing countries.
Innovation has turned into one of the most important features of the political agenda of both developed
and developing economies. New products and new processes are the way firms access external markets andparticipate in global value chains. Developing economies have a more concentrated and less sophisticatedstructure of production and exports than developed countries. This lack of ‘complexity’ hampers their32

possibility of achieving sustainable high growth rates, unless they enter a path of diversification. This path ofdiversification of the productive and export structure requires innovation at the firm level. The key question
is if innovation is necessary to be more efficient and, in this way, access export markets, or if it is theparticipation in export markets the way firms access to new knowledge that enable further innovation.
These two approaches, largely discussed in the literature and non-mutually exclusive, have been referred toas the self-selection hypothesis and the learning-by-exporting hypothesis, respectively. The former stresses
that more productive firms are able to overcome sunk costs of entering and prevailing in international
markets before starting the export activity. The latter suggests the idea of a learning process, originated in
the experience of participating in international markets, that would impact on innovation and productivity
growth at the firm level.
Some studies have shown mixed results, with the prevailing effect depending on the characteristics of thefirm or finding a bidirectional relation and a certain level of endogeneity between these variables. For
developing economies, findings are not yet conclusive and, particularly for Latin-America, there are few
empirical studies.
Our main hypothesis is that, for developing countries, learning-by-exporting effects are present mainly
when the destination market is a developed economy, but that innovation driven self-selection is dominant
when the export destination market is a developing economy.
We apply a bivariate probit estimation, fitting a maximum likelihood two-equation probit model, to threewaves of survey data (2007-2009, 2010-2012 and 2013-2015) for 1321 Uruguayan firms, frommanufacturing and services sectors. The data source is the Innovation Annual Survey for Uruguay, from the
Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII).

Economic complexity and regional labor productivity distribution: evidence from Italy
Prof. Roberto Basile1, Dr. Gloria Cicerone2, Prof. Lelio Iapadre1
1

Università Degli Studi Dell'aquila, L'aquila, Italy, 2GSSI, L'Aquila, Italy

G08-O2 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In this paper we analyze the role of economic complexity as a driver of regional laborproductivity dynamics in Italy. Economic complexity is expressed in the composition of an
economy’s productive structure and reflects the emerging combination of the multiplicity ofknowledge embedded in it. Measures of economic complexity (ECI) come from the structureof the network connecting economies to the products they export. We assess the impactof ECI on the distribution dynamics of labor productivity by combining growth regression
analysis with conditional density estimates. Counterfactual analysis results suggest that ECI
plays a key role in the observed tendency to polarization of regional labor productivity.

Investigating the effects of the actions planned by cities under the Covenant of Mayors initiative: anassessment at European levelPh.d Matteo Basso1, Prof Stefania Tonin1
1

Iuav University Of Venice, Venice, Italy

G14-O2 Energy and Ecological Transition
MILC_Room 410, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
As an ambitious initiative launched in 2008, the Covenant of Mayors (CoM) aims at fostering – on a
voluntary basis – the role of cities in implementing the 20-20-20 European climate-energy package. This33

political commitment becomes effective only after the formal elaboration and adoption, by city councils, of
specific Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAPs) through which a set of priority measures and actions toreach the reduction target in CO2 emissions (-20%) by 2020 is defined.
Activities of monitoring, reporting and evaluation are all given a central role in the overall SEAPs’ planning
process, particularly in the implementation phase. Indeed, cities are requested by the European
Commission (EC) to regularly submit monitoring reports with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of theplanned actions, and predict corrective actions if necessary. Nevertheless, according to the ongoing
scientific debates, the often incomplete monitoring reports elaborated by cities are unlikely to ensure aneffective evaluation (both in itinere and ex post) of the investment costs, the achieved targets and, perhaps
even more desirable, of the economic benefits associated to the implementation of the plans. Similarly, anappropriate reflection on the relationships between costs and benefits of the actions included in the SEAPs
is only partially addressed by that part of the academic literature that, so far, has sought to analyse thestate-of-the-art of the CoM initiative.
The aim of this contribution is twofold. Looking specifically at the actions planned and actually realized by
European cities within their SEAPs, it seeks firstly to provide a picture of the state-of-the art of theirimplementation through official data provided by the EC’s Joint Research Centre (the office which supports
technically and scientifically the CoM’s signatories, and eventually approves their plans). Secondly, drawing
on the framework of the «implementation research» and an extensive literature review, it aims at exploring
the open challenges (financial, legislative, technical, governance, but also in terms of monitoring andevaluation) which need to be addressed to ensure their effective implementation, and to avoid the generalrisk that these plans remain mere tools of a «symbolic policy».

Acemoglu Meets Lucas: institutions, human capital and economic growthProf. Suzana Quinet Bastos1, Master Fabio Gama1, Student Tiana Assis1
1

Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brasil

G22-O2 Institutions
IUT_Room 303, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In the present study, we ventured to investigate the role political and economic institutions have inpromoting the human capital factor in the Lucas model (1988). The discussion proposed by Acemoglu et al(2014) and Acemoglu et al (2012) on institutional quality as responsible for the variations in the levels ofhuman capital presented by the countries, elucidates how the incentives and safeguards promoted bypolitical and economic institutions foster the growth process via human capital.
The results of estimations via pooled ordinary least squares estimation (POLS) and instrumental variables(IV) compare the variables that compose the Lucas growth model (1) to the same model of Lucas in an
extended form (2), obtained by the insertion of institutions as boosters for the human capital stock. As
predicted by the authors, the level of a country's political and economic institutions plays a significant rolein economic growth via human capital, and it can be seen that the original Lucas model overestimates thecontribution of human capital to growth, since it does not model institutions as one of its determinants.
Hence, as predicted by Acemoglu et al (2014), one can understand physical capital and human capital asproximate causes of economic growth. The comparative analysis between the Lucas model (1988) and theextended model proposed in the present study aims to indicate the overestimation in the effect of humancapital on the output produced by the first one, since it does not consider institutions and human capital ascorrelated factors, notwithstanding, as discussed in Acemoglu et al. (2014), the human capital factor isdetermined institutionally and serves as an influence channel on institutions.
As presented in our study, the discussion concerning the impact of institutional composition on the level of
economic prosperity continues to be reinforced through the empirical findings. Relying on the analysis of
Acemoglu et al (2012), we can point a robust and independent judiciary power as a central effort in order to34

assure institutions to be channels operating under what the de jure power states, self-oriented for generalbenefit - and not under the influence of individuals or small groups. The relation between institutions andresources distribution in society, therefore, reinforces the constant need for policing our institutions andalso suggests a better level of income distribution as an important mechanism for promoting more inclusive
institutions in countries.

Using Local Public Goods to Attract and Retain the Creative Class: A Tale of Two Cities
Dr. Amit Batabyal1, Dr. Karima Kourtit, Dr. Peter Nijkamp
1

Rochester Institute Of Technology, Rochester, United States

G04-R1 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
We study the impact that the provision of a local public good (LPG) by two cities has on their ability to
attract and retain members of the creative class. This creative class consists of two types of members
known as engineers and artists. Engineers are wealthier than artists and they also value the LPG more. We
first focus on each city in isolation. We compute the marginal value and the marginal cost of the LPG andthen determine the provision of this LPG when the provision is determined by uniform contributions andmajority voting. Next, we allow the creative class members to migrate between the two cities and analyze
whether engineers or artists migrate, the equilibrium distribution of the creative class, and the efficiency of
the LPG provision. Finally, we consider the situation in each city just before migration and study how muchof the LPG is provided when proportional contributions and majority voting determine this provision. A
related question we address is whether engineers or artists now have an incentive to migrate and, if yes, we
identify who would like to migrate and to which city.

Using Utilitarian and Rawlsian Policies to Attract the Creative Class: A Tale of Two Cities
Dr. Amit Batabyal1, Dr. Seung Yoo
1

Rochester Institute Of Technology, Rochester, United States

G15-R1 Segregation, Social and Spatial Inequalities
IUT_Room 205, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Consider an aggregate economy of two cities. We study the impact that the use of utilitarian and Rawlsianpolicies by these two cities has on their ability to attract members of the the creative class. We first focus on
the case in which both cities adopt utilitarian policies. Second, we analyze the case where both cities
implement Rawlsian policies. Third, we study the case where one city uses a Rawlsian policy but the othercity pursues a utilitarian policy. Fourth, we compare the policy outcomes in the first and the third cases
above and show that if one city switches to a Rawlsian or more egalitarian objective when the other cityremains utilitarian, the aggregate economy becomes less egalitarian. Finally, we compare the second andthe third cases above and demonstrate that if one city switches to a Rawlsian or more egalitarian objective
when the other city remains Rawlsian, the aggregate economy becomes more egalitarian.

Walter Isard, regional science and spatial planning
35

Prof. Peter Batey1
1

University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

S01-S1 Regional Science Footprints of Walter Isard
IUT_Room Amphi 10, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In the late 1940s, Walter Isard began to generate interest in an inter-disciplinary field centred on theanalytical understanding of regions. He became a tireless advocate for 'regional science' and in 1954
founded the Regional Science Association. From the outset, city planners played a full part in the
Association, reflecting a burgeoning interest in metropolitan regions and transportation planning.
Isard pitched the first regional science conferences at a highly technical level but quickly realized that city
planners were not trained to think of regions in an abstract way and generally had little grounding inmathematics needed to understand and apply the new techniques. He therefore took steps to 'bringplanners on board', organizing joint meetings of the American Institute of Planners and the RSA. The
initiative was a limited success. The first regional science textbook, Methods of Regional Analysis,
published in 1960 by Isard and colleagues, had a much greater impact, offering planners a range ofanalytical techniques, many of which could be applied quite readily.
The paper describes how the University of Pennsylvania served as a test-bed for many of the new
analytical methods being developed at the time, focusing on the head of the planning school, RobertMitchell whose contribution was crucial. A keen analyst of urban structure and change but also a respectedleader of public thought and action, Mitchell was well-placed to succeed Isard as President of the RSA in
1959. He showed how regional science could support city planning and outlined new thinking about theplan-making process.
British experience regarding regional science and planning is examined. Here the planning profession was
slower to recognize the contribution social science could make to plan-making. In the late 1960s, things
begun to change. Planners in local authorities had begun work on a new type of strategic land-use plan.
Brian McLoughlin published a textbook on what he termed a Systems Approach, heavily based on American
thinking and that of Mitchell in particular. Not a highly technical exposition, the book nevertheless didenough to suggest how regional science might help. It had a big influence on practice throughout the
1970s.
The paper reviews the lead up to the present situation, and shows that nowadays that planning methods
are alive and well, but not in regional science meetings. It ends by posing the question “spatial planning wasonce an important part of the regional science community, can it be so again?”

Aircraft noise exposure and saliva cortisol in a pooled-analysis from seven European countries
1

Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, IFSTTAR, UMRESTTE, UMR T_9405, Bron, France, , , 2Now at: TechnicalAgency for Information on Hospital Care, Lyon, France, , , 3Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm, Sweden, , , 4Hospices Civils de Lyon GH Sud CBAPS Laboratoire de Biochimie, Pierre Bénite, France, , ,5
IFSTTAR, Planning, Mobilities and Environment Department, Transport and Environment Laboratory, Bron, France, , ,6Currently retired, France, , , 7IFSTTAR, Transport, Health and Safety Department, Bron, France, , , 8Centre forEnvironmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK, ,G19-O3 Health and Environmental Issues
MILC_Room 409, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Introduction
HYENA (HYpertension and Exposure to Noise near Airports), a well-known study on the health effects ofaircraft noise, involved 4,861 participants from six European countries (except France). DEBATS (Discussion
36

on the health effects of aircraft noise), a study with a similar protocol, included 1,244 participants from
France.
Saliva samples were obtained for 439 and 954 participants in HYENA and DEBATS respectively, to determine
cortisol concentration as a possible marker of noise-induced stress. Associations were found between
aircraft noise and cortisol levels in each study separately, but they were not consistent between the twostudies. The objective of the present study was to combine datasets to improve statistical power.
Methods
We investigated the associations between aircraft noise levels and, the log-cortisol levels in the morningand in the evening, and the log-relative variation per hour, adjusted for relevant confounders.
Results
We found evidence in women for an increase in the log-evening cortisol level β=0.09 (95%CI 0.01;0.17), andfor flattening of the log-relative variation per hour β=-0.09 (95%CI -0.16;-0.02), with a LDEN 10-dB(A)increase, but no significant effects were found in men.
Conclusions
These findings provide some support for psychological stress induced by aircraft noise exposure, resulting in
disruption of hormonal rhythms.

The impact of urban form on residential energy consumption: the case of the Urban Area of Paris (France)
Prof. Catherine Baumont1, Dr. Emmanuel Bougna1
1

Laboratoire d'Economie de Dijon, Dijon, France

G14-O1 Energy and Ecological Transition
MILC_Room 410, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In 1989, Newman and Kenworthy established a negative relationship between energy consumption andurban density at the city level. Our paper focuses on this relationship in two ways. First, we analyse it inside
the city at the neighbourhood level: our case study is a sample 3782 neighborhoods covering themetropolitan area of Paris (France). Second, our study aims at identify the mechanisms by which urban
spatial patterns influence energy consumption in the residential sector: we combine urban formcharacteristics with microeconomic determinants of residential location choice. More precisely, urban
patterns result from households’ location choices which depend on three sets of explanatory factors: thecharacteristics of the households, the characteristics of the housing and the transportation costs. At theequilibrium, urban densities decrease from the urban center to the peripheral places. In such a context, theempirical strategy has to take into account two special features. The spatial organization of housing andhouseholds is not random then the population density is not random too. Moreover, residential densities
and energy consumptions both depend on the type of housing (houses or appartments), the size of housing
and the age of housing. Then our empirical methodology requires to take spatial dependence into accountand to control for housing type effect, housing size effect and housing age. Doing so, we extend the work of
Lampin (2013) to control for the energy saving rules. We estimate a spatial error model to assess the impact
of population density on residential energy consumption per capita. Our results show a significant andnegative effect of the population density on the residential energy consumption once spatial dependence
and endogeneity have been controlled for. Our results also show that the impact of density on residential
consumption is more driven by the housing type effect (single family house vs apartment) than by the
housing size effect, while housing age effect is mixed. Compact cities with more small apartments, old or
recently built, are then more energetically efficient than compact cities with larger, middle age apartments.
37

Housing and location choice among Palestinian citizens in Israel: preferences versus constraints
Ms Hiba Bawardi1
1

The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem, Jerusalem , Israel

G17-O1 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Housing and location choice among Palestinian citizens in Israel: preferences versus constraints
Hiba Bawardi, Eran Feitelson, Sigal Kaplan
The Arab Palestinian citizens of Israel suffer from a housing shortage due to the land issues and the lack ofvalid and suitable planning in their villages. The solutions provided to the Arab population within Arab
villages and towns are limited. In recent years we are witnessing a beginning of inter-regional migration ofyoung educated Palestinian individuals and/or families to the mixed Arab-Jewish cities or to the big
metropolitan largely-Jewish cities which are characterized by modernistic housing solutions, wider job
opportunities and better urban services. The urban lifestyles in the cities differ in their residential patterns
from the rural Palestinian villages and cities, which are characterized by detached, shared family dwelling
mostly built on the family’s privet lands. This raises the question regarding the Palestinian youth’s decisionof relocating, whether it is by choice (preferences) or due to limitations related to resources, land tenure,discrimination, or the structure of the housing market.
This study aims to better understand the housing barriers and decision motivators that affect thePalestinian population within Israel by examining the housing preferences and choice of young educated
Palestinians. We try to understand the household’s preferences regarding the house they would like to live
in comparison to the house they attain by examining both of their housing preferences and choices. We
investigate the housing preferences of 350 academic and graduate Palestinian Israelis and the logic
underlying their actual choices of residential location in order to examine whether we are indeed witnessing
a transition from a traditional residential style toward a different type of housing - urban, multi-story,
apartment buildings. The methodology will contain 2-3 focus groups through them we’ll hear about theparticipants preferences and opinions regarding their housing and location choices. conclusions from thefocus groups will be used to prepare a questioner that will be used as a tool for conducting a survey. The
survey data will serve for discrete choice model estimation that will allow understanding the housing
preferences and choice of Palestinian youth and their motivators toward it.
This study will contribute to decision-making regarding the housing needs and supply for the Palestinian
citizens of Israel by widening the types of residential option available to them.

The structure of creative hubs: Typology of co-working spaces in Istanbul
Prof. Tuzin Baycan1, Meltem Parlak1
1

Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, TURKEY

S08-S2 New working spaces, digital transformations and peripheral areas
IUT_Room 408, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Firms and individuals in creative industries increasingly choose co-working spaces as their workspace. The
number of those new type of workplaces increase in Istanbul as it also increases globally. Istanbul as themost populated city in the country hosts the biggest part of the creative workforce and its infrastructure in
the country. As expected, the city hosts the largest number of co-working spaces as well. This paper focuseson the structure of co-working spaces in Istanbul and aims to describe the main characteristic of co-working
38spaces in order to reveal the typologies of them. In this context, this paper addresses the following researchquestions (1) What is the physical structure of creative hubs in Istanbul? (2) What is the financial structureof creative hubs in Istanbul? (3) What is the community structure of creative hubs in Istanbul? (4) What is
the organization and management structure of creative hubs in Istanbul? (5) What is the decision-making
structure of creative hubs in Istanbul? (6) What is the partnership structure of creative hubs in Istanbul? (7)What is the communication structure of creative hubs in Istanbul? Thus, 16 co-working spaces in Istanbul
have been empirically investigated through face-to-face interviews, observations, web sites andadvertisements. The results of the study reveal that co-working spaces have different characteristics andcannot put into one typology. Within this context, four different co-working typologies has been identified
in Istanbul. Those typologies are ‘chain co-working spaces’, ‘lifestyle co-working spaces’, ‘community
oriented co-working spaces’ and ‘service oriented co-working spaces’. The results of the paper make acontribution to the literature to better understand co-working spaces in urban context as well as thechanging working environment of the city in the creative economy era.

Modeling the impacts of climate change on tourism in Turkey
Prof. Tuzin Baycan1, Res.Assist. Aysun Aygun11

Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, TURKEY

G18-O5 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Tourism is one of the sectors difficult to assess the impacts of climate change due to uncertainty andcomplexity of expected tourism demand reactions. Tourism sector is likely to be strongly affected by climatechange due to the dependency of tourist activities on weather conditions as well as tourist perceptions andreactions to the impacts of climate change. Direct or indirect impacts of climate change such as increasing
temperatures, rising sea levels, decreasing snow cover are likely to lead a shift in tourism demand and intoday’s popular tourism destinations. This paper aims at modeling the impacts of climate change on the
tourism sector and presents a case study focusing on the impacts of climate change on tourism in Turkey,
where the tourism sector is particularly vulnerable to climate change. Being located in the Mediterranean
Basin, Turkey is one of the most vulnerable countries to the climate change while tourism is the rising
economic sector in the meantime for the country in terms of both winter and summer tourism activities. In
order to assess the impacts of climate change on tourism sector, this paper focuses on spatial variations inclimate change, linking physical and economic impacts, and modeling societal responses to climate change.
The impacts are analyzed by modeling the relationship between climatic conditions and tourism demandand estimating the future demand by considering climate scenarios. Tourism Climate Index (TCI) is used toassess the impacts of future weather conditions on tourism demand. By applying a range of climate scenario
data to the empirically estimated relationship between weather/climate conditions and tourism demand,the paper highlights the decline or increase of specific tourism markets and seasonal shifts in tourism
demand and the potential direct and indirect impacts of the climate change on the regions' tourism
industries.

Growth of Digital Services and Economic Performance of Turkish Regions
Dr. Mete Basar Baypinar1
1

Istanbul University Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul, Turkey

G(01+02)-O1 Cities, Regions and Digital Transformations
IUT_Room 404, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
39

The impacts of digital services since some time attract the attention of policymakers and executors. The
Economic and Social Impact of Software and Services on Competitiveness and Innovation Report of the EU
Commission by 2017 show that several technological trends associated to digital services will radicallychange the way these services are produced and used and almost any industry sector will be influenced bythis shift. Digital services enable both smaller enterprises and larger ones to outsource some of the services
otherwise had to be produced internally and thus may be assumed to create centrifugal forces from highdensity metropolitan areas to low-cost peripheral areas where lack of specialized human resources would
not matter as much.
Nevertheless, the cluster literature suggests that companies may have different priorities in spatial andorganizational configurations which may as well lead to geographical concentration of activities to enhancecontrol or support specialization or diversification strategies in the value chain and thus enhance theireconomic performance. While digital services enable stronger control by lower costs and hence allow
dispersion of activities to lower cost regions, they also enable companies to instead focus on the productionof more knowledge-intensive products and services whose actual markets are large city-regions.
As an emerging economy, Turkey has been progressively improving its national innovation system since
1980s. During the course, knowledge-intensive services concentrated mostly in three core regions, Istanbul,
Ankara, and Izmir, which are also centers for digital services.
This paper aims to evaluate the impact of the growth of digital services on the economic performance of
Turkish regions by taking into account of agglomeration dynamics of digital services and local knowledge
assets with an empirical panel data model based on diversified knowledge production processes.
Hypothetically, in large city-regions, companies are likely to focus on new potentials that arise by thepresence of high-quality digital services. It is likely that they expand their activities in the value chain as
such services enable integration in the value chain, provide more complex products and services and allow
co-operation with a large variety of producers. Still, this enhances co-location and agglomeration processesin smaller geographies as control becomes more difficult despite these digital services. The paper employs
conceptual frameworks from the New Growth Theory and Cluster Theory, from the perspective of adaptive
resilience mechanisms to address these challenges.

The Case of Smart City Istanbul : How to evaluate the city-region and its benchmarks with participatory
and negotiation processes?
Assist.Prof. Dr. Mete Basar Baypinar1, Prof.Dr. Murat SEKER2, Assist.Prof.Dr. Hakan BEKTAS2, Assist.Prof.Dr.
Arif SALDANLI2
1

Istanbul University Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul, Turkey, 2Istanbul University Faculty of Economics, Istanbul, Turkey

S02-S1 Digital and spatial transformation: structures and relations in the knowledge economy
IUT_Room 402, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Since 1990s Greater Municipality of Istanbul has been investing in intelligent, digital services and supporting
infrastructures. These efforts are strongly up-scaled recently as the city becomes an important international
hub. One of the most recent efforts to tackle with the city’s management challenges is the Smart City
Istanbul Program which covers a range of activities from developing a Smart City benchmark model to theassessment of the metropolitan city with Maturity Models.
The Greater Municipality has also developed an assessment and monitoring model for Istanbul’s
development as an international financial sector recently. Development of other models focusing on
particular issues is as well on the agenda. In a way, Istanbul is trying to increase its intelligence level bytargeting strategic priority areas which will support practitioners to enhance their knowledge skills andenable policymakers to develop further intelligence.
Development of city-region intelligence poses significant challenges. Meticulous encouragement ofparticipatory processes by the Greater Municipality of Istanbul itself within each work enables diffusion of40

the emerging knowledge assets to other stakeholders, creating a dynamic and complex environment ofurban intelligence building. Enhancing the quality of participatory processes thus are very important.
The paper provides information on the participatory methodological approach used in the establishment of
the Smart City Assessment and Monitoring Model developed by the authors in collaboration with theGreater Municipality of Istanbul and its affiliate ISBAK and discusses benefits and challenges associated with
Smart City Assessment Models. The approach employed particularly aimed at avoiding empty signifier
problems, feeding participatory processes with rich information an establishing trust, avoiding fuzziness andindecisiveness, and enable production of a small set of mutually agreed and selected benchmark indicators
which later can inform maturity models well enough. Lessons learned: Involvement of Smart City domain
specialized practitioners allow local information to diffuse into the process, use of a layered participatory
process allows evaluation and agreement on a large set of indicators in a relatively short time, and copresence of these two processes help in avoiding empty signifier problems. The paper suggests that it ispossible to tackle with the unique challenges associated with Smart City development works: by repetitive
processes it is possible to challenge rapid technological change and convergence, layered participatory
processes work better when practitioner teams also see potentials in collaboration, and third, feedback
mechanisms should be provided at different layers of participatory processes as they enhance decision
making processes.

Coworking spaces within the creative economy: making resilient communities through knowledge sharing
and collective learning
Dr. Pavel Bednar1, Dr. Lukas Danko1, Dr. Lenka Smekalova1
1

Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Zlin, Czech Republic

S08-S1 New working spaces, digital transformations and peripheral areas
IUT_Room 408, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Sharing economy is evident among cultural and creative industries (CCI), which are becoming moreprevalent for economic and social development of deprived areas and its’ communities. Sharing spaces
leads to networking and cooperation of the CCI on both formal and informal levels. Coworking spaces (CWS)
denote the idea of developing resilient communities through sharing and living with effect on social andeconomic activities of creative class that often spread to local or even regional areas. However, there is alack of awar,eness regarding the CWS and economic viability, liveability and competitiveness. Thus, thispaper explores the features of the CCI in CWS in order to gain insight into community–organization–spacenexus, along with knowledge interactions and creativity in communities. In-depth interviews with 34
respondents including founders/managers and entrepreneurs were carried out, recorded, transcribed andcoded. The Grounded theory was selected in order to present new understandings of the research gap.
Results suggest that CWS represent favourable environment to stimulate knowledge sharing and creation
through mutual projects, organized by creatives and experienced management. Furthermore, they haveability to retain creative class with opportunities to attract additional creative class and tourism due tofrequent cultural and creative events. At least but not last, CWS could be also seen as an effective tool tomaintain dialogue and links between the CCI and public authorities with the purpose of smart urban
planning. Please see the extended abstract for more detailed information.

Intersectionality of spatial exclusion and mobilities
Dr. Zofia Bednarowska-Michaiel1
1

Independent Early Career Researcher, London, United Kingdom

41

G12-YS1 Location of Economic Activity (EPAINOS)
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Mobilities is one of the social reasons for spatial inequalities and spatial segregation. It is generally
recognized in regional research. Economic or urban studies conceptualize the mobilities similarly to thisparadigm but do not recognize the full complexity of mobilities. In the new mobilities paradigm (Sheller and
Urry 2006) understanding mobilities are more than just a transportation, commuting infrastructure, but also
looking from perspective of people’s uneven mobilities potential – motility. Motility is the ability to be
mobile in social and geographical understanding of movement, and the notion links spatial and social
mobility (Kaufmann, Joye, and Bergman 2004:750).
Transportation mode is related to class and race but also motility is greatly affected by race and class.
People of color and immigrants cycle less (Manville, Taylor, and Blumenberg 2018:26; Transport for London
2011).
Spatial racism in mobilities is researched here using a spatial model of London as a case study, as theprevious model proved mobilities to contribute to regional development (Bednarowska, 2018). The main
method is spatial econometrics with the Durbin component (Elhorst 2010; LeSage and Pace 2009). This way
I aim to recognize intersectionality of mobilities injustice and spatial discrimination.

Sharing economy: Assessing the relationship between Airbnb, the professional accommodation industry
and the activation of new tourist flows
Dr. Matteo Beghelli1
1Unioncamere Emilia-Romagna (Regional association of the Chambers of Commerce of Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy

S05-S1 Sharing economy and accommodation industry in urban and non urban environment
IUT_Room 402, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The aim of this paper is to assess the relationship between sharing-economy touristic accommodations andthose professionally managed (typically hotels) in terms of direct/indirect competition. Moreover, theanalysis of turnover associated with different kinds of structures bookable on Airbnb drive to theassessment of the proportion of “core sharing” in Airbnb business and to an esteem of new touristic flows
activated by the sharing portal. The analysis has been carried out for Bologna metropolitan area in Italy.
The analysis shows that only 20% of the turnover recorded by Airbnb in Bologna metro area can beassociated to a “pure” sharing economy, meanwhile the remaining 80% has various levels of professional
management that in many cases undermine the peer-to-peer nature of the relationship establishedbetween the parties involved, typical of sharing economy. Of this 80% of turnover, while 44% is associatedwith structures that can be considered in direct competition with hotels, 36% is made by touristic structures
that, to a various degrees, play indirect competition with hotels, thus activating new touristic flows to
Bologna metro area.
The paper also tried to illustrate the different consequences of the spread of tourist sharing in the urban
and extra-urban frames, highlighting the risk of displacement of habitual dwellers from touristic parts oftowns and the permanent destination of the latter to the service of mass-over-tourism with obvious angry
reactions.
Net of this, the phenomenon of sharing-economy in tourism has a remarkable scope that has only begun toshow its potential and its effects on the world of tourism. It is reasonable to expect that there will be notrend reversals in the foreseeable future, that is, the sharing economy - in tourism as in other sectors - hascome to stay and must, therefore, be managed.
A unique solution to avoid distortions has not yet been found but this is not a good reason not to insist.
Radical technological innovations that take the form of radical economic and social innovations require42adequate measures to protect them from the externalities they produce, even to the detriment ofthemselves.
It is not easy. It is necessary.

Analysis of Competition Level on Regional Markets of Financial Services
Ms Svetlana Bekareva1, Ms Anna Getmanova1, Ms Ekaterina Meltenisova1,2, Ms Anna Mishura1,2
1

Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 2Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB of
RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

G09-O1 Regional Finance, Fiscal Issues, Investment or Capital Markets
IUT_Room 304, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
A modern Russian financial market is characterized by some features that reflect general trends on financial
markets. On the Russian financial market some new types of traditional financial intermediaries andinnovative fintech companies have appeared; banks put into practice new digital technologies and started
working in new types of business; Bank of Russia as a super-regulator follows a policy of strong regulation.
All these factors influence level of competition on the financial markets.
Historically, on the Russian financial markets banking sector plays a key role providing access to many typesof the financial instruments for the customers, but the situation has been changing. Nowadays different
financial intermediaries are active on the financial service markets such as ones of payment, investment,
and loan services. Moreover, the Russian Federation regions have their peculiarities because of theireconomic specialization, opportunities of economic development, and the central bank’s regulation policy.
As a rule, competition on a regional financial market is less tough than in general.
The subject of the investigation is the financial market of Novosibirsk region, Siberia, the RussianFederation. Statistical sources are official government databases and Bank of Russia statistics.
The goal of our investigation is analysis of level of competition on key segments of the regional financial
market. To get this goal we have worked out the following problems: 1) singled out the most developed
segments of financial markets according to the financial services for the region; 2) determined structure offinancial intermediaries in the region; 3) found out and made a case for using some indices to assess acompetition level; 4) made comparative analysis of the competition levels for the different financial market
segments for the last five years, and analysis of the factors influenced them.
We conclude that by now the type of competition on the key segments of the regional financial market ismonopolistic competition; and the banking sector dominates.

Firm Productivity and Innovation: From a Micro to a Macro Entrepreneurship Ecosystems
Dr. Maksim Belitski1, Mr. David Audretsch2
1

University of Reading, , United Kingdom, 2Indinana University, , United States

S69-S2 The spatial dimension of productivity (OECD Spatial Productivity Lab Special Session)
IUT_Room 101, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This study demonstrates the importance and limits to external knowledge collaboration for innovation
across regional, macro and global entrepreneurship ecosystems and for the most innovative UK firms withdifferent levels of productivity. This issue has traditionally presented a challenge for the regional studies on43

innovation, entrepreneurship and open innovation in terms of both identifying the phenomenon and inmeasuring it. We develop a structural model that estimates the innovation production function withknowledge inputs and outputs combining both firm characteristics and contextual influences (knowledge
spillovers, knowledge collaboration). Our sample includes 29,805 observations and 17,859 firms mainly
from the UK Innovation survey and Business registry. We demonstrate that knowledge spillovers as well as
knowledge collaboration may bestow a significant advantage for innovation, but there are diminishingreturns to collaboration related to firm’s productivity and the entrepreneurship ecosystem where a partner
is located. Least productive firms are more likely to exploit regional entrepreneurial ecosystems
collaborations, while most productive firms go global. Our findings call for further research on innovation
and revision of national and regional innovation policies.

Place leadership in emerging product-service systems: A conceptual frame
Prof Marco Bellandi1, Dr. Erica Santini2
1

Università di Firenze, Firenze, ITALY, 2Università di Trento, Trento, ITALY

S10-S1 Territorial Servitization
IUT_Room 402, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Manufacturing systems are entering trajectories of territorial servitization and rerouting towards productservice systems. A strong cooperation between traditional manufacturers and service providers may indeed
open to renewed models of value creation and redistribution. However, in these systems, the traditional
key actors are in some cases replaced by new economic actors, and related conflicts arise. Furthermore, thedis-alignment of interests between manufacturing and service firms increases the risks of high transaction
costs. Therefore, an appropriate strategic leadership would play an important role and open to territorialservitization trajectories. This paper aims at assessing how different types of place leadership could help but
also hinder an effective rerouting. An open place leadership would support strong territorial servitization
opportunities and coordinated solutions among conflictual views and interests. If instead place leadership isweak or based on a closed club of private interests, weak or unstable trajectories amid lock-ins andimpending decline become more probable.

Linking applicants in regional innovation programs: consultant networks, project proposals and cluster
effects.
Dr. Andrés Rodriguez-Pose2, Dr. Jose A. Belso-Martinez1
1

Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain, 2London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United
Kingdom

G06-O2 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Fostering innovation is increasingly the key element in long-term European and Spanish development policy
strategies. However, innovation remains often elusive. The large variety of policy schemes and their often
mixed success is putting finding more efficient innovation policies centre stage (Conte al., 2009). In thiscontext, who is targeted by innovation policies and the extent to which such policies improve the innovation
prospects of the recipients is crucial, but has, so far, attracted limited interest (Busom et al. 2017). Previous
research has mainly focused on the characteristics of recipients, while overlooking factors related to how afirm’s subsidy history and trajectory affects the probability of support being awarded (Aschhoff 2010;
Busom et al. 2017 are notable exceptions). Moreover, the importance of the formation of networks forinnovation has also been neglected. Whether firms attracting innovation support become embedded in44

local – mostly through clusters – or external networks is, nevertheless, regarded as an important factor forthe success of innovation policies (Broekel et al. 2015; Feldman & Kelley 2006 are exceptions).
This paper uses a dataset including 17866 observation relating to two different innovation support
programs implemented by the Valencian Institute of Competiveness – Instituto Valenciano de laCompetitividad (IVACE) – during the period 2004-2012 in order to assess (1) who were the recipients ofinnovation subsidies and (2) whether receiving support increased the likelihood of becoming embedded in a
network and of achieving innovation later on.
The results of the analysis indicate the presence of a certain path dependency in the targeting of subsidies.
Firms embedded in networks and, in particular, in local clusters, are far more likely to be supported. This
may reflect the lower administration costs of targeting innovation to firms existing clusters, but is a factor
that may undermine the very innovation pursued by the scheme medium-term. While firms located at thecentre of local networks get more and more repeated support, this leads to lock in and limited innovation
improvements. Firms located at the fringes of existing networks, by contrast, receive less support but makemore in terms of innovation, mainly by their capacity to forge partnerships outside the cluster.

Simple Complex Phenomenon of Urban Parking
Mr Nir Fulman1, Prof. Itzhak Benenson1
1

Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

S27-S2 Entropy, Complexity and Spatial Dynamics: A Rebirth of Theory?
MILC_Room 309, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Long parking search time is a perpetual problem of every big city, and quantitative estimation of cruisingtime is a long-standing challenge for transportation research. The imbalance between the occupation rate,
and the rates of arrivals and departures is typical for the central office/commercial/residential areas of
every big city and results in notorious estimate of 30% urban traffic as entailed by the parking search
For the travelers, parking search time and parking price are the major factors that define the choice of thetransportation mode, and, in a longer run, the decision on car ownership. For the city transportation
planners and managers parking prices and constraints are the easiest tool for affecting travelers’ behavior
and, eventually, urban traffic.
We demonstrate that the phenomenon of the parking search is only loosely connected to the othercomponents of the urban traffic and, thus, can be investigated separately from it. Moreover, every
component of the parking phenomenon – parking demand and supply, drivers’ arrival, departures and, also,
drivers’ search behavior and decision making can be estimated based on the standard high-resolution urban
data that are available in the majority of the large Western cities. In this way, dynamics of the urban parking
pattern becomes a unique example of the complex subsystem of urban traffic system that can be explicitly
and formally represented at resolution of a single driver and single parking spot, studied in theoretical andapplied fashion. Furthermore, the results of this study are critical for urban transportation policy making
In the paper we investigate several analytical and simulation models of urban parking dynamics andpropose easy and practical algorithms for estimating parking search time and establishing parking pricesthat guarantee predetermined level of parking occupation. All these solutions are built based on thestandard high-resolution urban GIS data and, if necessary, simple field studies. Based on the models results,
we propose parking policies that improve the state of urban transportation and discuss the ability of society
to implement these policies.

Shared Automated Ride-Sharing Service – Will It Dominate Future Transportation?
Mr. Golan Ben-Dor2, Dr. Eran Ben-Elia1, Prof. Itzhak Benenson2
45

1

Ben-Gurion University Of The Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel, 2Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

S66-S1 Assessing impacts of automated driving and automated mobility
IUT_Room 108, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

46

Network Against Cancer
Mr Adhen Benlahlou1
1

GATE-LSE, UJM St-etienne, ST-ETIENNE, France

S14-S2 Collaboration-based innovation policies: theory, empirics and practitioner feedbacks
UdL_Room 106, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
We study the impact of research collaboration in co-inventions network on total research output.
Inventors's links create direct and indirect spillovers across the network. We characterize the interior
equilibrium efforts level in research when agents spend efforts in multiple projects for every network
structure. In work in progress, we structurally estimate this model using a unique dataset of patents linked
to cancer R&D. We will use our estimates to study the impact of heterogeneous vs. non-discriminatory
subsidy policies and empirically rank inventor according to the production-maximizing subsidies they should
receive.

Tax Evasion in the Hosing Market: Identification and Exploration
Prof. Danny Ben-shahar1, Dr. Roni Golan1, Mr. Eyal Sulganik2
1

Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2IDC, Herzliya, Israel

S38-S1 Housing Markets: information, taxes, prices
IUT_Room 108, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The real estate market is recognized as a fertile ground for tax fraudsters. Specifically, reporting a pricelower than the true transaction price in order to avoid tax payments is a prevalent fraud technique. We
propose an empirical method for identifying housing transactions that are suspected of under-reporting.
Based on all reported housing transactions in Israel over the period 1998–2015, we conclude that about 8%of the transactions are under-reported, with an average price report of 33% below the projected true price.
Also, the likelihood to under-report is positively associated with the total tax liability and positively(negatively) associated with the crime rate in (the socioeconomic level of) the area in which the transaction
occurs. Compared to single unit owners, real estate investors are less likely to engage in under-reporting.
Our empirical approach may serve tax enforcement authorities in promoting tax collection in the real estatemarket.

Regional effects of a large inflow of asylum seekers on the employment of locals
Mr Paul Berbée1, Dr. Alfred Garloff2, Dr. Katrin Sommerfeld1
1

ZEW – Leibniz Centre For European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany, 2Institute for Employment Research (IAB),
Berlin, Germany

G15–YS1 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 108, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The large recent inflow of asylum seekers to Europe can be considered as a substantive labor demand shock
because asylum seekers are banned from working in the first months after arrival. At the same time theyrequire government-provided services like housing, administration and integration courses. We estimate
employment growth due to asylum immigration based on a dispersal policy in Germany. Preliminary results
confirm significant additional employment growth that is driven by certain immigration-related occupations(security, gastronomy, and business organization). Districts with tight labor markets show significantly
47

smaller additional employment growth as reaction to the inflow, when compared to districts with highunemployment. We hypothesize and find some evidence that occupational mobility plays a more importantrole in satisfying additional labor demand in tight labor markets. Finally, regional mobility also appears tomatter as a response to the labor demand shock.

Should I move to diversify my scientific network? A panel analysis of chemists’ careers
Dr. Marie Ferru1, Miss Marine Bernard1, Dr Bastien Bernela1
1

University Of Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex, France

S17-S2 Geography of science and the spatial dimension of scientific activity, IUT_Room 201, August 30, 2019,2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
A literature interested in the geography of science (Livingstone, 1995; Eckert and Baron, 2013) evolved inrecent years in a context of support of inventor’s mobility manifested by European mobility programs(Morano-Foadi, 2005). Considering that knowledge is attached to individuals (Cañibano, 2006), many
authors assume that mobility allows researchers to meet and collaborate with new researchers to exchange
knowledge (scientific network diversification). Mobility would be therefore indispensable to product new
knowledge and diffuse it across space. In this article, we propose to answer the following question: should I
move to diversify my network? Network diversification means here collaborating with new partners (ie.
social diversification) or with new partners from changing geography (ie. spatial diversification).
Authors have mainly focused on the impact of mobility at the macro perspective through issues of “brain
drain” (from Bhagwati (1976) to Breschi et al. (2017)), studying migratory flows and nodes in networks at
the cities and countries levels. In parallel, some authors developed a greater focus on individuals, mainly
testing the impact of researchers’ mobility on their performance (Hoisl, 2007; Lawson and Shibayama,2015). However, few authors have analyzed the link between mobility and scientific network (Fontes, 2012,
Melin, 2005). Inscribed in this direction, our research searches to test the role of mobility in building anddeveloping the scientific network at a micro level, reintegrating mobility in the context of the ongoingcareer of researchers.
Empirically, we focus on scientific publications of researchers, that constitute a relevant indicator of
successful collaborations. We focus on chemistry: the co-authorship is particularly dense because ofscientific practices (experimental dimension, need for technical skills, importance of teams, etc.) but nottremendous (the average number of co-authors 4 per article). We analyze the formation and dynamics ofco-authorship personal network over time of 80 chemists located in two French labs. With bibliometricdata, we collected the affiliations to understand the geography of co-authorship. When do researchers
diversify their co-authorship and renew collaborations? Is the geography of co-authorship sensitive to thespatial trajectories of chemists? Do mobile researchers maintain collaboration over time despite
geographical distance?

How can urban congestion be mitigated? Low emission zones vs. congestion tolls
Dr. Valeria Bernardo1, Dr Xavier Fageda2, Dr. Ricardo Flores-Fillol3
1

Universitat de Barcelona and TecnoCampus Mataró, , Spain, 2Universitat de Barcelona and IESE, , Spain, 3Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, , Spain

G16-O2 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The great weight that the car has as a means of mobility in large cities generates significant negative
externalities both in terms of congestion and pollution. The goal of this paper is to examine, using a panel of48

large European urban areas over the period 2008-2016, the effectiveness of urban tolls and low emission
zones in mitigating urban congestion. We conclude that urban tolls are successful in mitigating congestion.
Instead, low emission zones are not effective. This is a very relevant result, given that such policy is being
implemented extensively in Europe.

Exploring the borders of a transregional knowledge network. The case of a French research federation ingreen chemistry
Dr Marion Maisonobe1, Dr. Bastien Bernela2
1

Géographie-cités, UMR CNRS, University Paris 1, Paris, France, 2CRIEF University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France

S17-S1 Geography of science and the spatial dimension of scientific activity
IUT_Room 201, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Competition in research has led to the emergence of numerous consortia of laboratories, designed to
improve their participants’ visibility. This article aims to understand the determinants of these new
structures through the case study of a French federation of laboratories in green chemistry. Working frombibliographic and qualitative data, we examine this federation’s geographical and institutional scope,highlighting the importance of i) prior collaborations in French chemistry, ii) interpersonal relations between
consortium members, and iii) policy and scientific incentives. This research highlights the role of theterritorial scope of the consortium not only as an argument for the consortium to emerge but also as aresource for its development and visibility among academics and industrial partners.

Paving the way for Circular Economy monitoring in Europe: an econometric approach to regionalise
official statistics on material consumption
Mr Marco Bianchi1,2, Dr Carlos Tapia2, Dr Ikerne Del Valle1
1

University Of The Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain, 2Tecnalia Research and Innovation Center, Derio, Spain

S34-S1 Regional Modelling: New Approaches and Data
MILC_Room 308, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.
The Circular Economy (CE) is the far-reaching strategy adopted by the European Commission in response toconcerns about the long-term viability of the prevailing resource-intensive economic model (European
Commision 2015; Macarthur 2015). This new approach is expected to contribute to a fundamental delinking between economic growth and resource depletion. Understanding how these systemic changes
might occur and how regional economies could converge towards circular and sustainable trajectories is
one of the main challenges that policy-makers and regional planners face (Ghisellini et al. 2016; Kalmykova
et al. 2018), often in a poor data environment.
Recently, new CE monitoring frameworks have been proposed by European and national institutions(European Commission 2018; PBL 2018) to track progress towards the various priorities of the CE, including
material consumption. However, the available data are highly aggregated, and offer limited information on
the diversity of conditions at sub-national scales. Moreover, the few material consumption studies available
at sub-national scales differ in their purposes and approaches, thus limiting comparability of results (Rosado
et al. 2014).
The availability of harmonised and disaggregated data is crucial to support decision makers in coming tounderstand the metabolism of regions. Indeed, this is the scale where material analysis results have been
more often translated into successful policies (Binder et al. 2009). Given the impossibility to directly gather
or systematically produce harmonised regional data on material consumption – especially for past years –49this paper presents a stage-based econometric approach that makes use of available socioeconomic dataand spatial techniques to disaggregate national material consumption data of 31 EU countries down to theirregional level. The method provides a pragmatic but reliable solution to deal with data scarcity at subnational levels and can be efficiently used to build time series for past years where disaggregated data do
not exist nor can be collected. It provides enough data resolution for many applications and contributes tothe identification of regional patterns of resource use that would otherwise remain unknown.

Cooperation imperatives between rice farmers and millers to survive international competition in thecontext of FTA between Colombia and USA
Dr. Alexander Blandón López1, MA Janeth Gonzalez Rubio1, MA Joel Hernando Cruz Diaz1
1

Universidad Del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia

G08-R1 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The rice-milling value chain in Colombia represents an important economic activity at the sectoral andregional levels given its potential for generation of income and both formal and informal employment.
However, since the signing of a FTA with the USA in 2012, the main stakeholders of the rice value chain as
well as producers from other agroindustrial chains have faced several competitive challenges. The FTA has
promoted important changes in the governance structure of the rice milling value chain and thus in thecooperation imperatives between rice farmers and millers to promote the competitiveness of the value
chain and thus survive international competition. The producers of the agro and rice milling links in spite of
their manifest rivalry are moved to develop alternative cooperation schemes due to the urgent need to becompetitive in face of the threats to the value chain by the FTA. The main objective of this research is todetermine competitive responses of the key stakeholders of the rice value chain of Colombia to theeconomic insertion in the international markets in the context of the signing of the free trade agreementwith the USA. The theoretical framework is elaborated around the main analytical categories that make up
this research, such as competitiveness, competitive strategy and value chains- The study follows adescriptive methodological approach through the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis
focusing on the microeconomic and meso-economic level. Methodologically in-depth interviews with key
stakeholders are carried out to determine the specificities of their competitive response to the challenges interms of opportunities and threats of the FTA. In general, the rice mills in Tolima mostly converge towards
bad (39%) and regular (56%) perceptions regarding the signing of the FTA with the United States,
responding to a valuation of disadvantages in results and evolution of the sector during and after the signingof the agreement.

Does technological change destroy jobs?
Prof. Uwe Blien1, Dr. Oliver Ludewig1, Dr. Anja Rossen1
1Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany

S11-S1 The regional socio-economic impact of the 4th industrial revolution
UdL_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The effects of technological change on employment have received much attention in recent years. Will
productivity gains lead to technological unemployment or to new prosperity? In our paper, we formallyshow that under general assumptions the price elasticity of demand on product markets is decisive:
Technological change leads to an expansion of employment if product demand is elastic. It is accompanied,
however, by shrinkage of employment if product demand is inelastic. A transition from the elastic into the50inelastic range of the demand function for the most important product(s) can already suffice to plunge a
region into crisis.
In our empirical analysis we use industry level time series data on output, prices, employment and national
income for Germany to estimate Marshallian type demand functions. We use an instrumental variables
estimator to derive the price elasticities for different industries. Another approach applies state spacemodelling to derive time-varying elasticities. In a second step, we use the information on the elasticities toanalyse the regional labour market performance of the respective industries and regions.

Assessment of economic losses caused by mortality of rural population at working age in Russia
Prof. Tatiana Blinova1, Prof. Victor Rusanovskiy2, Mr Vladimir Markov3
1

Institute Of Agrarian Problems Of The RAS, Saratov, Russian Federation, 2Saratov Social-Economic Institute of Plekhanov
Russian University of Economics (Russia), Saratov, Russian Federation, 3Saratov Social-Economic Institute of Plekhanov
Russian University of Economics (Russia), Saratov, Russian Federation

G23-O1 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The purpose of this study is to quantify the cost equivalent of economic losses from mortality of the rural
population of working age in Russia (2012-2017). The size of the economic losses caused by the mortality of
the rural population is measured by the scale of agricultural products potential underproduction. The
approaches that exist in the scientific literature to measuring the economic losses from mortality andassessing the economic equivalent of the cost of living are reviewed and summarized. On the basis of thecalculations carried out, the variants of quantitative estimation of economic losses scale from mortality of
the rural working age population are proposed.
The results of the study showed that significant interregional differences in economic losses from mortalityof the rural population of the Russian Federation of working age remain. The estimation of interregional
differentiation of indicators of economic losses for 2012-2017 years is carried out. It is shown that thegreatest economic losses is recorded from external causes of death, diseases of the circulatory system,
tumors, as well as some infectious and parasitic diseases.
Acknowledgements. The research received support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR),
project No 19-010-00229A.

Examining the Development Factors of Central and Eastern European Regions
Dr. Gabor Bodnar1, Dr. Zoltan Egri2, Dr. Peter Kovacs1
1

University of Szeged Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Szeged, Hungary, 2Szent Istvan University
Faculty of Agricultural and Economic Studies, Szarvas, Hungary

G04-O11 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In the presentation we analyse the special features of the spatial structure of Central and Eastern Europe, aregion still in the phase of transformation. There are numerous antecedents of this topic; the corresponding
studies have delineated both the developed and underdeveloped areas, as well as other intermediate areas,
leading to various ‘geodesigns’, figures, and models. First, a brief description of the main studies of spatial
structure concerning the macroregion is given, then our definition of the spatial structure of Central andEastern Europe is outlined.

51

The research is based not only on the main traditional development indicators (e.g. GDP per capita,
unemployment rate, and economic density), but also takes into consideration the elements of Peter
Nijkamp’s XXQ model (economy, livability, research and development, accessibility).
In our work, we attempt to measure the role of the elements of the XXQ model in a Central and Eastern
European (CEE) context. We then examine the model using a partial least squares path analysis. The PLS
path analysis approach is a novel tool within territorial research, especially if we focus on CEE. With the helpof the method, we can make a regression model which can describe the effects of each element on theeconomic development of the involved states (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania,
Bulgaria). Central and Eastern Europe NUTS 3 regions are our territorial focus; however, being able todetermine the appropriate territorial context and level is significant.

Same, same but different? Effects of a new commuter train station on different neighbourhoods
Dr. Helena Bohman1
1

Malmo University, Malmo, Sweden

S26-S2 Comparing local and regional development within and between countries – what information anddata is needed?
IUT_Room 202, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This study focuses on the effects of major infrastructure investments in Malmö, southern Sweden. The
construction of the Oresund bridge and the city tunnel, connecting the urban centra of Malmö and
Copenhagen, has implied changed accessibility for surrounding neighbourhoods. In this study we identify
four neighbourhoods, based on their socio-economic characteristics. The area provides an interesting casesince the catchment area contains neighbourhoods ranging from the poorest in the city, to upper middle
class areas. The municipality has an explicit aim of integrating areas which have bene divided by very clear
physical barriers. In two of the affected neighbourhoods, new development and densification projects arebeing implemented, resulting in an increasing population. The case thus provides an opportunity to better
understand how accessibility effects may differ across socio-economic characteristics. The main issue
addressed in the paper is whether effects from improved accessibility differs across different
neighbourhoods, and which factors that may explain such differences. Difference-in-difference models areapplied to property data to study effects, but additional data on residential migration is used to explore whomoves into the affected area.

Do your neighbours matter? Evidence from Building Demolitions in Denmark
Mr Bence Boje-Kovacs1, Mr Georges Poquillon2
1

University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2University of Essex, Colchester, England

S45-S1 Social mobility & Inequality
IUT_Room 205, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper provides evidence of the effect one’s environment has on their socio- economic outcomes. We
study the forced moves of households out of their dwellings in the public housing sector in Denmark,preceding the closure of the building they live in. Specifically, we combine the exogenous tenure ofdisplaced individuals with the characteristics of their neighbours to measure the short-term exposure to
their environment at the building level. We find that being exposed to employed neighbours on the shortterm significantly increases income and the likelihood of finding a job in the three years following therehousing of displaced households. On the opposite, the short-term exposure to unemployed peers
52increases the chances to remain unemployed after relocation. Long-term exposure has a more substantial
effect than short-term exposure, but is not longer-lasting.

A “broken” European Union: Exploring alternative scenarios from a multiregional perspective
Ms Lucia Bolea1, Dr Rosa Duarte1, Dr Julio Sánchez-Chóliz1
1

University Of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

G08-O1 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The phenomenon of the emergence of groups of countries that share certain economic and politicalcharacteristics, has led to the generation of several economic areas in recent years that apparently seemed
to work correctly, but that have finally had problems after the integration. This could be the case of theEuropean Union, in which a group of countries decided to create an area in which they shared, not only
certain political decisions, but economic ones. However, the arrival of the international financial crisis in2007 caused imbalances in relations and collaborations between countries. Several studies have focus on
the analysis of the consequences of several recent economic phenomena through econometric techniques,
others with a multiregional perspective and others through building counterfactuals.
In this paper, the objective is to focus on the possibility of defining a type of synthetic indicators in an inputoutput framework, in a dynamic context, building "counterfactuals" and alternative scenarios to evaluate
the impact of certain phenomenon in a European context, as well as in a global context. As a first example,
and because of the problems that have arisen recently, the study of the “non-integration” of Eastern
European countries could be an interesting scenario. We use the multisectorial and multiregional
perspective provided by a MRIO model and the associated databases.
More specifically, inspired by the synthetic indicators methodology and the hypothetical extraction
methods we first study the trends in the intra-EU and extra-EU trade relationships for these countries and in
the technological and structural composition of the economies. Second, we design hypothetical scenarios
on the trends in the evolution of these components based on the behavior observed in the pre-adhesion
period and in different hypothesis of integration.
In this regards, this paper attempts to shed light on the discussion about the consequences of certain areasof economic integration, and the effects of these phenomenon on bilateral trade flows between countries
within the EU and worldwide. To do this, the information provided by the World Input-Output database(WIOD), as well as the information provided by other databases are used.
In our view, the results could contribute to calculate the structural effect of the most recent integration anddisintegration processes within the European Union and worldwide, that currently set as a new challengethat must be faced by several groups of countries, which today present certain structural differences.

Municipal Fiscal Health in Colombian Main Cities
Dr. Jaime Bonet1, Dr Gerson Javier Perez1
1

Banco de La República, Cartagena, Colombia

G09-O2 Regional Finance, Fiscal Issues, Investment or Capital Markets
IUT_Room 304, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Local governments face the financial constraints imposed by the scarce resources in the economy. This fact
leaves them the challenge of looking for the best way to get a steady balance between a consistent revenue
flows and meeting their commitments (Jacob and Hendrick, 2013). The literature has come up with the53

concept of fiscal health to refer to the situation under which governments are capable of balancing revenue
streams and their financial obligations (Helpap, 2016).
The concept of fiscal health has been evolving from the simplistic measure of how revenues exceed
spending obligations (Berry, 1994; Badu and Li, 1994; Bird, 2015). For this reason, in part due to worldwide
crises affecting national and subnational finances, the concept is being much harder to define, tounderstand and to measure. For example, it is being recognized that fiscal health does not only have to dowith the balance between revenue streams and spending commitments, but also with cash, budgetary,
long-run solvency, and many other factors affecting governments and residents’ social and the economic
reality (Groves et al., 2003).
With the purpose of contributing to the discussion on fiscal health in a developing country, this paper
computes and analyzes 15 indicators for the main 23 municipalities in the country. This document follows
the approach by Slack (2017) that, to the best of our knowledge, is for the first time implemented in
Colombia. The methodology covers and takes into account the multiple methods and measures developed
so far, and end up with six sets of indicators: profile, external, financial, tax and revenue, debt, andinfrastructure.
Results make evident the extensive heterogeneity among Colombian cities, even those with similar
characteristics. In addition, the process of making fiscal health diagnoses is extremely complex and is more
effectively implemented in a multidimensional set up. In terms of fiscal health, for the 23 cities analyzed,
results show that there are no deep or generalized problems with public finances of subnational
governments. However, there seems to be regional heterogeneities where the two coastal lagged behindregions, Caribbean and Pacific, face longer-term and more structural problems, in particular with tax baseand their capacity to get tax and non-tax revenues. On the other hand, richer and more able regions, Central
and Eastern, deal with short-term restrictions such as those related to liquidity and cash flow.

Access to services and shops - confronting urban planning documents to the SIRENE database
Dr. Olivier Bonin1, Pr. Pierre Frankhauser2, Xavier Lehmann2
1

LVMT - Ifsttar, ENPC, UPEM, Marne-la-vallée, France, 2TheMA - Université Franche-Comté, CNRS, Besançon, France

S33-S1 Modelling place attractiveness in the era of Big and Open data
MILC_Room 310, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
To identify the quality of access to different types of commercial activities on a territory, we rely on needs
theory that establishes a link between basic needs in an anthropological sense and their satisfaction related
here to the facilities (services, businesses) that correspond to them. To this end, we studied a large numberof urban planning documents and we confronted them to the terrain reality.
It can be seen that the French planning documents introduce a hierarchy of needs often assigned toattendance (daily, weekly, rare...). Access is considered either through physical distances or through a timedistance. It is also possible to associate the recommended modes of transport (soft mode, public transport,car) according to the category of purchase.
The documents also provide information on the relationship between the presence of services/commercial
businesses and the size of the population to be served. This makes it possible to review the accessdistances, but also to know the shopping areas necessary to make an establishment profitable. A territorial
diagnosis is thus possible to highlight equipment deficiencies.
Moreover, interesting information is available on the land use of shops and services, as well as figures onindirect land consumption. This corresponds to the reception capacities proportional to the size of the54

equipment (car parks, access roads) according to the number of potential users, which refers to the barge
areas.
Another aspect concerns the generation of local jobs by services and businesses. The documents provide
information on the number of jobs by class of trade as well as the area per job that can be made consistent
with the indications on land ownership.
We were able to confront this theoretical information to extensive data about commercial amenities
extracted from the SIRENE database. All commercial activities are described and can be geolocalised at theaddress, giving the possibility to assess the strength and weakness of territories as far as access to local
commercial amenities is concerned.

Typology of sustainable development in Normandy. An appraisal at the intermunicipal level
Prof. Jean Bonnet1, Doctor Eva COLL-MARTINEZ1, Doctor François Raulin2, Prof. Patricia Renou-Maissant11Normandie Univ, Unicaen, CNRS, CREM, Caen, FRANCE, 2Métis Lab, EM Normandie, Caen, FRANCE

S61-S1 Energy Transition and Eco Innovation
MILC_Room 409, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Since the Brundtland report (1987) and the adoption of Agenda 21 at the 1992 United Nations Conference
on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, governments committed to developing strategies toachieve sustainable development. To address the challenges of the threat of ecosystems degradation andglobal warming, a radical technological transformation of the global energy system is required. The Agenda
21 adopted by the United Nations at the 1992 Earth Summit emphasizes the key role of territories and local
authorities in implementing sustainable development. It suggests that strategies for action, "local agendas
21", be developed for this purpose by strongly involving residents, all local actors and businesses. A whole
set of initiatives are emerging locally to respond to these new challenges.
In France, two mechanisms for promoting local sustainable development coexist (ADEME, 2018). Local
Agenda 21 is a voluntary initiative initiated by the community. It is a participatory process for the
inhabitants, which proposes a new mode of governance and animation of the territory. It results in a
program of actions aimed at improving the inhabitants' quality of life, saving natural resources andenhancing the attractiveness of the area. The Territorial Energy Climate Plan (TECP) is a strategic planningand organization tool designed to support the community in reducing its greenhouse gas emissions and in
its adaptation to climatic changes. As part of its policy for sustainable development, the Normandy Region
has set up a "Sustainable Territory 2030" program.
The paper proposes an evaluation framework for comparing sustainable development in Normandy at theintermunicipal level, taking into account six dimensions: environment and natural resources, energy
transition, territories and sustainable mobility, economic dynamism, social cohesion and solidarity, andgovernance. Considering a wide range of variables, we build aggregate composite indices for eachdimension of sustainable development (OECD, 2008, O’Connor et al., 2008, Mazziotta et Pareto, 2013,2017). Then a cluster analysis is used to classify EPCI and to explore similarities and dissimilarities withrespect to the six components of the sustainable development. Results make it possible to identify thestrengths and weaknesses of the territories as well as the the levers and obstacles to sustainable
development. Spatial patterns may also eventually emerge. Finally, recommendations can be draw for local
public policies.

55

On the modal shift from motorway to high-speed rail: evidence from Italy
Mr Mattia Borsati1, Prof Daniel Albalate2
1

University of Trento, Trento, Italy, 2University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

S68-S1 Transport Infrastructures and European Integration in the Framework of the White Paper 2011:
Evaluation, Benchmark, Perspectives at the Age of Digital Transformation
IUT_Room 108, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The development of high-speed rail (HSR) has been one of the central features of recent European Union
transport infrastructure policy, as highlighted by the latest Commission White Paper 2011 “Roadmap to aSingle European Transport Area”. Nowadays, HSR services have notably changed the modal market sharesin the routes where they have been implemented by both generating new demand and replacing thedemand for other modes of transport.
To date, the attention has been mainly devoted to the intra- and inter-modal competition between HSR and
air services, while few studies examined the impact of HSR links on shorter distances, where car is thecompetitive means of transport. Therefore, since road traffic reduction is one of the key drivers to offset
HSR investments, the aim of this paper is to fill this gap by analysing whether the HSR expansion led to amodal shift from motorway to HSR services in Italy in a quasi-experimental setting. At this purpose, we
empirically test i) whether HSR openings next to some motorway sectors has reduced the total km traveledby light vehicles on those sectors during the period 2001-2017; and ii) whether this reduction is persistentor even stronger after the opening of on-track competition (since 2012) on HS and some conventional lines
between the incumbent Trenitalia and the new operator Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori, that provided more
HS capacity and forced Trenitalia to reduce the average fares. The novelty lies in carrying out a generalized
difference-in-differences estimation by using a unique 17-year panel dataset that exploits theheterogeneous traffic data within all tolled motorway sectors
Results show that HSR expansion did not lead to a modal shift from motorway to HSR services, as the twotransport modes are not competing. This arise the debate whether the mobility needs of wide metropolitan
areas, where middle-sized towns are at relatively short distances between each other, should rely more ona fully mixed high-speed model rather than on the typical "need for speed" of long-haul routes.

Implementation of Social Responsibility Approach into Electronic Monitoring: Challenge for Public Sector
Services
Dr. Katarina Vitalisova1, Dr. Kamila Borsekova
1

Matej Bel University, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia

G22-O1 Institutions
IUT_Room 303, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The recent economic downturns and needs of austerity measures call for more efﬁcient solutions not only
in private, but also in public sector. The same counts for criminal justice system providing wide scale ofpublic services requiring signiﬁcant funding from public resources. Therefore, public sector is forced tosearch for more efﬁcient ways of provisioning public services. Over the past few decades, the public sectors
all over the world has undergone series of ﬁnancial and non-ﬁnancial reforms in an effort to improve its
efﬁciency, effectiveness and accountability (Guthrie1998; Barton 2005). These reforms are considered to be
driven by an ideological shift in the public sector to adopt more business, like private sector practices(Jackson and Lapsley 2003). Social Responsibility is equally applicable to both the public and private sector,
and is concerned about professional and responsible management of relationship with the key
stakeholders’ groups (On and Ilies 2012; Peattie 2011). Presented paper is focused on two signiﬁcantreforms implemented in the public sector—social responsibility and electronic monitoring as well as their56

mutual relation and impact.The scientiﬁc objective of the paper is to analyse how is social responsibility
approach implemented in the system of electronic monitoring on economic, legal and social level and toevaluate impact of this mutual interaction on selected public sector services. The paper is unique in its
interdisciplinary orientation, brining social responsibility approach together with law, economic and social
aspects of electronic monitoring. Present paper contains original data and the robust overview of
implementation of electronic monitoring in European countries and outlines a close link to social
responsible behavior in several aspects.
Key message of the paper is in interconnection of electronic monitoring and social responsibility approachon the level of individuals and institutions. Implementation of electronic monitoring as an alternative formof punishment may bring positive externalities in the matter of more responsible individuals and institutions
that leads to the more responsible society.

Concerted resilience strategies for disrupted cities
Dr. Kamila Borsekova1, Prof. Peter Nijkamp
1

Matej Bel University, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia

S40-S4 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Disruptions of the stable growth path of a city (or urban agglomeration) may come from different origins, inparticular, a collapse of the local economy due to malfunctioning of economic actors in the city concerned, adeterioration of the urban system concerned due to severe governmental or public policy failures, or adisastrous decay of the complex urban fabric due to external devastating forces (such as a banking crisis,
natural disasters or political conflicts). If such disruptions occur, two major issues arise: (i) what are thebroader or system wide impacts (socio-economic, spatial-morphological, ecological etc.) of an unanticipated
event, and (ii) what are appropriate policy measures so as to cope effectively with these disruptions?
This concern brings us into the realm of vulnerability and resilience analysis for cities. Each complex systemthat is susceptible to drastic changes (often in a downward direction) will try to recover from theconsequences of its vulnerability. This prompts the question on the resilience conditions after an (internalor external) disruptive development of the urban system. And in particular on the role of governance inorder to restore the balance for a city finding itself in a downward transition, which needs a radical recovery
policy.
Against this background, the present paper aims to analyse the interrelationships between resilience andvulnerability and to depict and assess feasible or desirable concerted resilience strategies for a disrupted
urban socioeconomic system. In order to cover this broad topic, in the present paper both qualitative andquantitative research in several stages of an urban systems analysis, is undertaken. The explanatory andexploratory study of the connectivity between resilience and vulnerability analysis is supplemented bycluster and correlation analysis of a broad range of urban data.
Different patterns of the complex interaction between resilience and vulnerability are clearly influenced byvarious drivers and linkages among them. It is noteworthy that cities vary enormously in their adaptive
capacity to new or unexpected challenges, due to several crucial factors such as governance, institutions,cultural habits, technology, wealth, urban planning, and their ability to respond to such challenges. This calls
for so-called concerted urban resilience strategies based on balanced multi-stakeholder strategies. The
urban resilience increases when cities have more adaptive capacity, and decreases when they are more
vulnerable. Reduction of vulnerability through deliberate actions, such as concerted strategies, may
increase the resilience of the socioeconomic system concerned.

57

Paradox of the economy of Ukraine
Prof. Olena Borzenko1
1

Institute For Economy And Forecasting Nas Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine

G07-O3 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Ukraine has a lot of natural resources, cheap skilled labor, favorable geographical location - a goodcombination of factors of success of the exporting country. But now Ukraine is successfully competing in
the agricultural market (raw crops), logs, iron ore, steel, that is, competitive positions, that is, competitive
positions - these are resources with a low degree of processing. There is also demand for products of heavy
and military industry. Many other industries are not competitive, despite the apparent potential (stoneprocessing industry, food industry, etc.). The quality of produced products is low, the cost is high. The main
reasons are outdated inefficient technologies, lack of economies of scale. The low demand for products,
together with the lack of financing, leads to the fact that enterprises continue to "survive" while working on
obsolete equipment, even when updating fixed assets, these are point investments that are designed tomeet the limited demand in the domestic market. A closed loop turns out: limited offer - high prices - low
quality - limited demand. The decision to exit this circle is attracting foreign investment: a foreign investor
can give both technology and sales. However, the lack of legal protection of business, corruption, the war in
the East and the low level of professionalism and culture of the vision of business in the country makeUkraine a very risky space for a foreign investor. There is a paradox: in Ukraine there is a large number ofinvestment -attractive projects with significant growth potential and level of return on investment. Thus, asignificant part of the country's industry is in a paradoxical and very dangerous situation. The paradox isthat, despite the enormous potential for growth, businesses are degrading. The danger of degradation isthat the degradation of enterprises leads to irreversible structural changes in the economy.
The risk and risk of opening joint ventures is that joint ventures are a risky form of cooperation when it
comes to joint ventures between partners of completely different business cultures, especially now thatbusiness in Ukraine is developing in a complex environment. The main risk lies not so much in the risks tothe success of the project , but in the communication between the partners due to the high probability ofoccurrence of contradictions in difficult situations, dissatisfaction with the methods and the "price" ofsolving certain problems, due to the lack of clear distribution of responsibilities.

Third-places as embodied forms of a common, namely the right to the city.
Ms Claire-Anaïs Boulanger1, Professor Annick Castiaux1
1

Université De Namur, Namur, Belgium

S20-S4 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
See extended abstract online.
Success and failure of methanisation unit projects: location, governance, financing. An empirical analysis
in the West of France
Dr. Sébastien Bourdin1
1

Normandy Business School, Caen, France

S21-S2 Circularities and proximities : stakeholders, scales, ressources
UdL_Room 106, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
58

The development of biogas in different regions has had to face forms of social opposition which might affectthe success of the projects. In such a context, the project initiators must implement everything they can toencourage the various kinds of proximity (geographical and organized) between actors in order to see theirproject through. We used a logit model on 91 biogas projects and semi-structured interviews to analyze theviews of the anaerobic digestion stakeholders and their connections in order to identify and understand the
obstacles to the development of joint biogas projects. We found that a lack of coordination among actors
and a lack of consultation are often at the origin of confrontations, which lead the project initiators toabandon the construction of a biogas plant.
In which cities is it good to live? Evaluation of the quality of life in European cities and its determinants
Dr. Sébastien Bourdin1, Dr Thomas Cornier2
1

Normandy Business School, Caen, France, 2UMR IDEES, Rouen, France

S51-S3 Counterfactual methods for regional policy evaluation: Policies for regions and cities
IUT_Room 304, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In a context of increased competition between cities, they must offer jobs and a quality of life that can meetthe expectations of increasingly demanding residents (Roy-Valex, 2006). In fact, territories must
continuously stimulate their competitiveness and attractiveness to survive (Camagni, 2005). They view theterritories in terms of rivalry and must strengthen their competitive advantages to attract capital. Amongthese competitive advantages, the question of quality of life in the city has its place and is an increasingly
recurring argument. Bourdeau-Lepage (2015) thus defends the idea that it is essential to consider theattractiveness of territories through the quality of life and amenities they offer.
The European Union is increasingly focusing on quality of life. The emergence of a Europe-wide urban policy
has given new impetus to the need to monitor the development and implementation of this policy, inparticular through comparable indicators on quality of life. It is within this framework that the European
Commission has led the project to set up an Urban Audit whose objective was to assess residents'
perceptions of the quality of life in the city. This survey covers several areas such as employment,
environment, housing, transport, culture and urban services. The variables chosen are in part in line with
Sen's (1993) work that states that a territory must be able to offer both a "capacity to be" (the freedom tolive easily, to maintain good health, to enjoy security and a pleasant living environment) and an "ability toact" (the freedom to travel, to access education, the labour market and various leisure activities).
Many scientific studies have addressed this issue of quality of life within a city or at the scale of a country,
but there is no comparative study literature at the scale of EU cities based on the data from the Urban
Audit. The objective of this article is therefore to provide a framework for analysing the perception of thequality of life in cities at European level. We wish to question the existence of a spatial differentiation of thequality of life perceived by the inhabitants. In order to answer these questions, first we will use a Logit
model to identify the main determinants of quality of life in cities, then we will carry out a typologicalanalysis of European cities based on the data from the Urban Audit survey for 2006, 2012 and 2016.

A participative process to decrease coastal vulnerabilities and optimize land use transformation
Prof. Damien Serre1,2, Bastien Bourlier1,3, Marie-Laure Lambert4, Charlotte Heinzlef2, Nathalie Long3
1

UMR 241 EIO Université De La Polynésie Française, Faa’a - Tahiti, French Polynesia, 2UMR 7300 ESPACE, Avignon
Université, Avignon, France, 3UMR LIENSs, Université de la Rochelle, La Rochelle, France, 4LIEU, Aix Marseille Université,
Aix en Provence, France

S20-S1 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
59

The Inegalitto project, funded by the Fondation de France focuses on coastal areas management anddevelopment of French West coast, more precisely between La Rochelle (Charente Maritime) and Saint
Brieuc (Côtes d’Armor). The main goal of the project consists in integrating environmental inequalities into
the operating of such spaces. For example, how different groups of inhabitants and actors are more or lessvulnerable to identified and/or already experienced major hazards coming from the sea, like “Xynthia”
storm in 2010.
A first set of investigations demonstrates that different groups of actors experiencing this storm adopted
different conclusions dealing with retrofitting and planning these vulnerable areas. Some of them would
design project to better protect inhabitants and assets, others prefer to restore ecological issues andpathways, finally many organized groups would prefer to rethink the land planning strategies in deciding tocontinue to propose urban and economic development of their areas, sometime without clearly taking into
account past (but recent) risky situations.
Taking into account that initial results and contradictory issues on a same place, we decide to design a
process and tool to help actors, group of interests and inhabitants to compare and simulate different landplanning strategies. To achieve this goal, a Participative Geographic Information System (PGIS) is underdevelopment as well as a Participative Process to take into account as much as possible most of planning
options. We aim at using that approach in analyzing every proposition and answering at this question during
meetings: does the project increase or decrease coastal resilience?

Machine Learning models for bankruptcy prediction in Italy: The role of the industrial structure
Dr. Daniela Bragoli1, Dr Camilla Ferretti2, Prof Piero Ganugi3, Prof Giovanni Marseguerra4, Mr Davide
Mezzogori5, Dr Francesco Zammori6
1

Università Cattolica , Milano, Italy, 2Università Cattolica, Piacenza, Italy, 3Università di Parma, Parma, Italy, 4Università
Cattolica, Milano, Italy, 5Università di Parma, Parma, Italy, 6Università di Parma, Parma, Italy

G08-O5 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Following the seminal work by Altman (1968) and a more recent contribution by Barboza, Kimura andAltman (2017), the aim of this study is to provide a model for the Italian economy that correctly classifies
solvent and insolvent firms one year prior to the event, using AIDA Bureau van Dijk dataset over the period
2007-2016.
By applying a full battery of bankruptcy forecasting models, which combine more traditional models such as
logistic regression with more sophisticated techniques based on machine learning, the aim of this work is
not only to provide accurate forecasts, but also to learn what variables are important predictors of firmbankruptcy in Italy.
For this purpose we add to the financial indicators used in the literature (excluding market based indicatorssince only a very small number of Italian firms is listed) a set of new variables that describe the industrial
structure of the firm, including district membership, but also a measure of mark up, the level of vertical
integration, sectorial and regional dimensions.
Results show that the model for the Italian economy provides accuracy indicators that are in line with thosein the literature (Barboza, Kimura and Altman, 2017). We also find that, in terms of accuracy, computational
methods perform relatively better than the logit. In addition, thanks to the logit regression, we are able tolearn the determinants of the probability of default for Italian firms. Interestingly both the financial ratios
and the industrial structure variables seem relevant in terms of influencing the probability of default. In
particular industrial district membership reduces the probability of bankruptcy.

60

From a methodological point of view, we can distinguish two parts. In the first part, we conduct thebankruptcy forecasting exercise. We thus divide the dataset into a training set in which we estimate several
models and a testing set in which we validate which model is able to correctly classify solvent and insolvent
firms. We consider several models, the more traditional logistic model and more state of the art machinelearning techniques (such as random forest, artificial neural networks). We report model performance tests
for each model. For robustness, we also report cross validation results.
In the second part of the paper, we focus on the logistic regression of the dependent dummy variable(bankruptcy) on the independent variables, which include financial ratios, district membership and otherindustrial variables, sector and regional dummies. We report the coefficients and p-values.

Spatial Distribution of Scientific Activity: A Spatial Analysis for Germany
Prof. Thomas Brenner1
1Philipps-universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany

S17-S2 Geography of science and the spatial dimension of scientific activity
IUT_Room 201, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The interaction between public research, innovations and economic growth has been a topic in many
papers. Usually it is assumed that scientific activity supports innovation activity, which leads to economic(employment) growth. This paper extends the existing studies in three ways. First, the various causal
directions of the interaction between scientific activity, patent activity and employment dynamics arestudied. A structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) framework – the so-called VAR-LiNGAM approach – isused for the analysis. It is shown that scientific activity is often not the driver of innovation and growth but
follows the dynamics of innovation and employment. Second, two-digit industries are studied separately sothat differences between industries can be examined. It is shown that in the causal mechanisms strong
differences exist between industries. All different causal chains are found for some of the industries. Third,
while all existing approaches in this field use regions as observation unit, the approach taken here uses dataon the level of municipalities and aggregates this data according to travel distances. Hence, the approach isless influenced by the so-called Modifiable Aerial Unit Problem (MAUP). The analysis is conducted forGermany for the years 2003 til 2012. 15 industries are distinguished and analysed separately. Impulse
response functions are used to depict the findings.

Measuring the potential for smart specialization
Prof. Thomas Brenner1
1Philipps-universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany

S13-S1 Mainstreaming Smart Specialisation across European Union policies: challenges, opportunities andtools
UdL_Room 106, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The concept of smart specialization has been first introduced in 2009 by the Knowledge for Growth Expert
Group (Foray et al. 2009) and has ever since received great recognition and approval by policy makers.
Despite its success in getting rapid political acknowledgement and experiencing fast application, asystematic operationalization of smart specialization is pending as yet. The two contributions of Balland etal. (2017) and Eichler et al. (2015), to our knowledge, represent the only approaches that offer first explicit
methodological and empirical insights to assess and measure regional smart specialization potentials. Our
paper seeks to close these research gaps by providing an integrated method to assess opportunities for
smart specialization. We combine the measurement of regional capabilities and potentials, with regard to61

industrial, technological and scientific characteristics. The newly developed approach is applied to Germany
in order to evaluate its usefulness.
Our method combines two aspects by defining an indicator combining a measure for regional potentials andpossible regional domains for smart specialization and an indicator assessing the potential future relevanceof specific economic activities. The indicator integrates economic, technological and scientific characteristics
of a region. Furthermore, in order to assess how a specific industry fits, i.e. is embedded into the regional
structure, we do not only measure the existing specialization but measure for all potential specializations
the fit to the existing specializations. To this end we calculate relationships. All specializations andrelationships are calculated by using data on employees, employee characteristics, patent applications andscientific publications. By matching sectoral data to data on patent applications as well as scientificpublications we are able to consider regional domains (rather than merely regional industries ortechnologies alone).
A number of potential indicators are developed and compared in order to identify the best structure andcomposition of the indicators. The approach is applied to German regions. Using data from 2000 and recent
developments allows to check whether the potential activities identified by the approach fostered growth in
the past. Different analyses are conducted and the various indicators are tested for their predictive
potential for industry growth, increasing diversification and new developments. Data on governmental
subsidies and start-up numbers are used in this context as well as employment data.

Hiring by start-ups and regional labor supply
Udo Brixy1, Lisa Bellmann1
1

Bundesagentur für Arbeit, Nuremberg, GERMANY

S18-S1 Entrepreneurship and local development: symbiosis and/or dissonance?
UdL_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Young firms find it difficult to attract (skilled) workers. Using linked employer-employee data for Germany
we investigate how local labor market conditions affect the hiring success of young firms. In a first step, weestimate the probability of the founder becoming an employer. Using a two-stage Heckman selection modelin a second step we analyze how local conditions influence the probability of hiring skilled human capital.
The results indicate a positive relationship between the local unemployment level and the hiring probabilityof young firms – at least for some firms.

Decision-makers’ characteristics matter: An operational model for environmental-economic conflict
resolution
Dr. Dani Broitman1, Dr. Mashor Housh2, Ms. Naama Shapira2
1

Technion Israel Inst of Technology , Haifa, ISRAEL , 2Haifa University, Haifa, ISRAEL

G10-O2 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The characteristics of decision-makers are generally not included in models of environmental-economic
conflicts. These models can be classified in two classes according to their goal: Multi Objective models
include several conflicting objective functions that should be optimized simultaneously, and Game Theorymodels that result in a single solution analyzing the interactions among the players. Despite theirapplicability and usefulness these models have several limitations. The most severe is that, generally, thedecision-maker is absent from both classes of models. We suggest an operational model for environmentaleconomic conflict resolution from the point of view of the decision-makers which addresses these concerns.
62

The first step is building the Pareto frontier. Then the focus moves to the decision-maker characteristics:
The appropriate game theoretic tool used to solve the conflict is chosen according to those characteristics.
The result of this tailor-made game is a single Pareto optimal response which reflects both the decisionmaker characteristics, the real-word relations of power between her and the players and among the players
themselves. Introducing explicitly the decision-maker preferences in the model, results in more efficientsolutions, and allow for a clear explanation about why the chosen solution is better than any other one,
subject to the initial decision-maker characterization.

Urban land value assessment applied to core-periphery gap measurement
Dr. Dani Broitman1, Mr. Erez Buda1
1

Technion Israel Inst of Technology, Haifa, ISRAEL

G04-O8 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
A residence can be conceptualized as a composite commodity, comprising two main components: Land andstructure. While the structure includes all the physical and building characteristics of a given residence, theland component represents the attractiveness of its specific location site. As such, the value attributed to
the land expresses the economic value of the residence's location, regardless the type structure built on it.
The traditional approach to assess land value assumes that this value is the difference between the market
price of the residence and its construction cost. Although this method is accurate for specific real estate
properties, it cannot be used for large scale regional assessment. Even if market prices are available,
construction costs are difficult to calculate given the great variation of built structures even in small
geographical areas. This paper focus on built land values in Israeli urban areas, both at the local and theinterurban levels, using an alternative approach. Residential built land values are assessed exploiting ahedonic model based on residential real estate transactions. The calculation is performed at two different
time periods, shedding light on the dynamics of the gap between central urban areas and the geographicalperiphery in Israel over time using built land value as an objective variable.

Relationship between Mobility and Quality of Life in the Elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of
the literature
Dr. Mina Akhavan1, Prof. Aleid Brouwer2
1

Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, 2University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

S07-S2 Transportation and Mobility in an Ageing Society. Perspectives, Trends and Drivers
IUT_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
A large body of literature already exists on transport and mobility, and their manifold effects on individuals
and societies. More specifically, the importance of the everyday mobility for one’s well-being and quality oflife (QoL) has also been discussed by many scholars. Some studies have in particular studied the association
between the mobility and accessibility of the older adults with their perceived QoL, which is also the matterof focus in this article.
As the population in many countries worldwide are ageing, one of the key issues at stake is the mobility
needs of the elderly: their ability to travel and access opportunities to involve in social, economic, culturaland civic affairs. On the one hand, mobility and accessibility may promote healthy ageing by providing
opportunities for physical activities and movement at older age, and, on the other hand, mobility is
considered to be a fundamental element in the QoL in the elderly (Banister and Bowling, 2004): mobility,63

locality and social networks influence perceptions of QoL, as transport becomes crucial in terms of getting
access to local services and facilities, and engaging in social activities.
Within this context, the present article makes a systematic review, for the first time, focusing on therelationship between mobility and QoL in the older adults. By conducting a meta-analysis approach, here
the authors have selected over 100 articles published in the period 1970-2018 in peer-reviewed journals
and some limited significant monographs, which have directly studied and provided empirical insights
regarding the above introduced topics. Data has been extracted for factors associated with the mobility ofthe elderly and their perceived well-being and quality of life. This method allows a comprehensive overview
of the state of research on this topic and enables an assessment of the results and findings of different
studies to be evaluated with the others. By means of quantitative techniques, this systematic review isuseful for collecting and summarizing the empirical evidences across multiple studies.

Mobility of Older Adults: routes, preferences and modus at the neighbourhood scale - the case of Milan
Dr. Aleid Brouwer2, Dr. Mina Akhaven3, dr. Ilaria Mariotti3, Dr Gerd Weitkamp1
1

University of Groningen, Groningen, THE NETHERLANDS , 2NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden,
Groningen, 3Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

S07-S1 Transportation and Mobility in an Ageing Society. Perspectives, Trends and Drivers
IUT_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The aim of this methods-focused article is to explore travel behaviour, experiences, and preferences oftransportation modes and routes of older adults in Milan, to gain insights into the ways that mobility can
support active ageing and well-being. We have integrated GPS-, diary- and in-depth interview data tocomprehend the everyday mobility practices of these older adults. In order to do so, fifteen adults, aged 65
and over, living in 3 Milanese neighbourhoods (Gallaratese, Gratosoglio and Niguarda Ca’ Granda), Italy,
have participated in the study. The findings based on quantitative (GPS tracking) and qualitative (interviews
and diaries) approaches together generate different insights and layers of understanding from eachindividual method in order to enhance the overall picture of mobility in older adults. This applied mixedmethods approach can be useful for scholars and professionals working on mobility issues and accordingly
policymakers can make use of the findings to design tailored policies to promote and generate increased
and sustainable mobility option for this demographic groups.

Do wages of foreigners react more sensitive to unemployment?
Prof. Stephan Brunow1, Oskar Jost2, Prof. Mark Partridge3
1

University of Applied Labour Studies, Schwerin, Germany, 2Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Berlin, Germany,3
Ohio State University, Columbus, US

S41-S3 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Germany will suffer a serious population decline in future when there is no immigration. The integration offoreigners into the labour market is inevitable to reduce negative consequences of the population decline.
This paper therefore analyses the wage differential between foreign and native employees in Germany
depending on the regional, occupational unemployment ratio as one integration related variable. If wages
of foreigners react to changes in unemployment similar as the Germans’ wage change, then no specificpolicy implications for the integration process result.
64

Our preliminary results indicate that a change in the unemployed to employed ratio within an occupation
and region leads to the same change in wages for all Germans and foreigners, indicating that here no
specific integration problem emerges. However, a change in the composition of the unemployed dependingon the proportion of University degree holders and long-term unemployed affects wages differently
between all three groups.

The Post-Soviet Evolution of the Russian City Size Distribution
Ms Anna Bufetova1
1

Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

G04-O4 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The peculiarities of the Russian urban system are connected with the history of its formation - the period of
rapid growth in the number and size of cities coincided with the period of administrative regulation of theeconomy. After the abolition of centralized regulation of spatial development and the institute ofregistration (“propiska”), the urban system began to undergo changes: researchers observe a concentrationof population in large cities, which is accompanied by a decrease in population in medium-sized cities,
migration flows from the eastern to western part of the country, the increase of heterogeneity of the urban
system.
The aim of this work was to contribute to the study of the Russian urban system in the post-Soviet period bystudying the evolution of the city size distribution in the Russian Federation using the method of analyzing
the dynamics of distribution and the relative mobility of objects within the distribution based on the use of
Markov chains. This method has not yet been used to study the urban system of Russia.
The study examines 1030 cities of the Russian Federation in the period 1991-2018 and verifies the
hypothesis that the mechanisms of spatial evolution, launched by the market system, have shaped longterm trends in the city size distribution, which are different for the western and eastern parts of thecountry, cities of different sizes and administrative status. We also study the influence of large cities administrative centers of regions on the dynamics of other cities in their regions.
For these purposes, we estimate and analyze transition probability matrices and spatial transition
probability matrices, mobility indices and compare actual and ergodic distributions for different groups ofcities in the eastern and western parts of the country.

Assessing the effectiveness of regional polycentricity for competitive, cohesive and sustainable
development: a framework and some evidence from Italy
Dr. David Burgalassi1
1

University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

G04-O3 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The spatial structure of cities, urban systems and regions has become a significant concept to be included inpolicies aimed to reach urban and regional competitiveness, cohesion and sustainability. Among others, theconcept of polycentricity (and “polycentric urban region”) has been particularly promoted in the European
context. However, notwithstanding the relevance and the huge and increasing amount of research about
the pros and cons of polycentricity, the question whether polycentric regions would be more productive,
inclusive and sustainable than other regions appears still far from being completely assessed andconsolidated.
65

The aim of this piece of research is threefold. Firstly, the paper gives a framework to study the linkages
between polycentricity and development under a multi-dimensional vision of development. A special
attention is given to the definitions and subsequent measures of polycentric regions both from amorphological perspective (density, proximity, contiguity) and from a functional/relational (mobility flows,inter-firm linkages, complementarity of specializations), and the indicators that can be used to assess theirdevelopment.
Secondly, the paper presents some results from the analysis of the Italian urban systems. The analysis iscarried out at the intra-urban scale (polycentricity assessment within each FUA) and at the inter-urban scale(polycentricity between different FUAs within each region). This double level of analysis allows us to better
understand how the concept of polycentric development may affect differently the dimensions ofcompetitiveness, social cohesion and sustainability in a multi-scalar perspective.
The results of the paper allow for a critical analysis of the concept of urban and regional polycentricity andthe methods to assess its effectiveness when planning and evaluating public policies, suggesting whether
polycentricity is a result or the cause of a more balanced development.

The contribution of the sharing economy to the development of peripheral areas. The Airbnb case in the
territory of the Veneto Dolomites. Some lessons from the BluTourism Project (ITA-CRO EU Programme)
Mr. Nicola Camatti1, Mr. Dario Bertocchi1, Mr Jan Van der Borg1, Mr Luca Salmasi2
1

University of Venice, Venezia, Italia, 2Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy

S05-S1 Sharing economy and accommodation industry in urban and non urban environment
IUT_Room 402, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In the last few years sharing economy and collaborative economy represents a new business opportunity for
different economic sectors. Tourism is one of the most effected business sectors, especially regarding
accommodation and mobility. Airbnb platform offers a great opportunity to visit a destination promoting a
different style of experience it, developing the concept of “live like a local”, a now a day very popular way oftravelling. If the impacts on urban level have been studied from many researchers, the effects on thisphenomenon on a vast and mixed (urban and rural area). territory still need to be investigated.
The analysis of spatial autocorrelation is a fundamental tool for the understanding of all the physical as wellas anthropological processes which naturally take place within the geographical space, and which cannot be
studied independently from it. In this paper the spatial autocorrelation has been applied to a Airbnb lodging
dataset regarding the tourism destination of Dolomiti, in Veneto region. The results represent clusters of
lodgings that represent the characteristics of the accommodation system represented by the sharing
economy. Furthermore, giving a management and governance perspective to those clusters is possible toidentify niche of tourism offer, features of the destinations and measures to monitoring the performance of
this large territory.

A prototype spatial microsimulation model for projecting the spatial distribution of urban ethnic groups
Dr. Michael Cameron1, Ms. Mohana Mondal1, Prof. Jacques Poot2
1

University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand, 2Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

G10-O1 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
66

Projecting populations for small areas or small sub-groups of the population presents a particular challenge.
The cohort-component model is insufficient for these purposes because of the lack of sufficient data on thepast components of population change (births, deaths, migration). The complexity and difficulty of the
projection task is compounded when projections of both small ethnic groups and small geographic areas are
combined. However, an understanding of the future spatial diversity of neighbourhoods is desirable fromboth policy and planning standpoints.
New Zealand is incredibly ethnically diverse. In the 2013 Census, Statistics New Zealand recorded over 80
ethnic groups that each had at least 1,000 members, in a total population of around 4.2 million. Auckland,
New Zealand’s largest city, has a population of 1.4 million, and is considered to be a super-diverse city.
In this paper, we report on the development of a prototype spatial microsimulation model for projecting
small area ethnic populations. The model operates at the ‘area unit’ level (approximately suburbs), andconsiders all 21 ethnic groups at Level 2 of New Zealand’s standard classification of ethnicities.
The basic structure of the model includes modules that estimate: (1) locational transition probabilities(migration); and (2) inter-ethnic transition probabilities (inter-ethnic mobility). We report preliminary resultsfrom the prototype model, and derive some implications for future development of the model, as well as
more general learnings that can be applied to the development of other similar models.

Mobility among older adults: Analysis of the Swedish region of Skåne
Dr. Magnus Andersson1,3, Dr. Rosalia Camporeale2,3, Dr. Anders Wretstrand2,3
1

Institute for Urban Research, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden, 2Division of Transport and Roads, Department ofTechnology and Society, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 3K2 Swedish Knowledge Centre for Public Transport, Lund,
Sweden

S26-S1 Comparing local and regional development within and between countries – what information anddata is needed?
IUT_Room 202, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Title: Mobility among older adults: Analysis of the Swedish region of Skåne
Society across the globe is rapidly ageing. Research on ageing and mobility suggests better synergies can
exist between older people and the built environment. The ageing-in-place policy desire to keep older
people in their own homes for as long as possible will place increased demands on the transport system as a
key facilitator for access. The main goal of this study is therefore to study the distribution over the territoryof older adults and their mobility patterns. The study area is the region of Skåne in the southern part of
Sweden. Register-based longitudinal socio-demographic data such as income, education, place of residence
from the Longitudinal integration database for health insurance and labour market studies (LISA) ofindividuals (older than 65 years old), sf associated with the outcomes of previous travel surveys conductedin the region (accessibility and actual usage of the different travel modes), is expected to outline theindicative level of individual quality of life and mobility satisfaction.
The methods used in the paper will be based on quantitative methods applying spatial analysis. For the datacollected within the study exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) is of particularly importance. ESDA is acollection of techniques to describe and visualize spatial distributions, identify atypical locations or spatial
outliers, discover patterns of spatial association, clusters or hot spots, and suggest spatial regimes or otherforms of spatial heterogeneity. ESDA can be used to map the location of older adults. As a second step
spatial modeling techniques, such as regression analysis can also be implemented to explicitly incorporate
the mechanisms underlying the spatial patterns found when mapping the older adults in Skåne.
67

Urban commons, Third places and collective actions: new challenges for tourism?
Ms Léa Canevet1, Dr Leïla Kebir1
1

GSE - IGD - University of Lausanne, Sion, Switzerland

S20-S3 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Can broadband availability trigger adoption among micro-firms? Evidence from a rural infrastructure
upgrade policy.
Dr. Giulia Canzian1, Dr. Simone Schuller2, Dr. Davide Aloini3
1

European Commission - Dg Jrc, Ispra, Italy, 2ifo and LMU Munich, Munich, , 3University of Pisa, Pisa,

S03-S2 Engaging with the Digital World: the effects for society, places and individuals
IUT_Room 404, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

School of urban and environmental regeneration - Pegaso Telematic University
Prof. Alessandro Bianchi1, Prof. Domenico Passarelli, Prof. Bruno Placidi, Prof. Ferdinando Verardi
1

Università Telematica Pegaso, Roma, Italy

S47-S1 Maintenance and regeneration of the territory and the city as an occasion for their ecologicaltransformation
MILC_Room 409, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM

Modern times confront us with dramatic facts. Nature is rebelling against man, cities are imploding, andsocial degradation is reaching very high levels. Today urban regeneration is not enough, and deep
regeneration is needed. Traffic congestion, pollution, construction speculation, energy waste, lack of
security, waste, and the loss of the urbis form, are among the most common problems of today's cities, andonly the planning of targeted and wise procedures can allow us to solve these problems.
Training, research, and environment are the three key words through which the rebirth of the country andeconomic recovery can take place and are the three foundations on which Pegaso Telematic Universities'
school of "Urban and Environmental Regeneration" are based. Pegaso Telematic University school of Urban
and Environmental Regeneration was established with the aim of training scholars, specialists,
professionals, and technical operators in the fields of project, planning, and management actions related tothe intervention on cities, the environment, and the territory, with detailed attention to the issues ofsustainability and regeneration.
The school offers a wide and diversified education to allow the acquisition and use of methods, techniques
and instruments at different levels of competence and specialization, in relation to the specific needs of theparticipants: High school graduates who are not yet enrolled in university courses; students alreadyattending courses of study; under graduates; and graduate students.
The school is more than just an important educational opportunity: the teachers themselves - academics
and professionals - together with the graduates from the Masters' program share a series of articulated
68skills that are made available to public institutions, starting with local institutions, in order to begin goodregeneration practices, such as those that are already operational in some Italian communities.
Cosenza participates in a program that puts on the internet many specific experiences of regeneration, bothalready realized and in progress.
Crotone, where the school has a regeneration project in the area of ancient Crotone and disused industrial
wastelands.
Montepulciano, where the school uses joint research with the local administration to revive tourism andlimit ecological impact on the city.
In conclusion, the school website also has an important role by informing and training the population andserves as a venue that all interested parties can use to present their experiences, compare theirobservations, and exchange common know-how.

Resilience to Climate Change, in the “LIFE for Silver Coast" Project
Dr. Antonino Capillo1, Dr. Alessandro Mancini1, Dr. Davide Giorgi1, Dr. Luigi Anniballi1, Prof. Fabio Massimo
Frattale Mascioli1
1"La Sapienza" University Of Rome, Rome, Italy

S47-S1 Maintenance and regeneration of the territory and the city as an occasion for their ecologicaltransformation
MILC_Room 409, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Territorial and urban and regeneration is a recurrent theme, especially with regard to ecologicaltransformation, as a reaction to climate change. Complex impacts on cities and rural areas ecosystems comefrom global warming therefore, effective counter-measures are necessary to address such issues. External
stresses put great pressure on urban and suburban frameworks. Thus, Institutions, communities, private
actors and even inhabitants are involved in hard challenges with the aim of improving the resilience of theirown realities. In this work, a case study about climate change resilience for Tuscany Region (Italy) ispresented. The “LIFE for Silver Coast” European Project realizes a Sustainable Mobility System in the famousarea, known as the “Silver Coast”. The Project will contribute to improve the territorial resilience, indifferent ways. Relying on Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and thanks to the full electric vehicles of its
fleet, the “LIFE for Silver Coast” will have a direct impact on climate change mitigation, because ofsignificant CO2 emissions reduction. This result will represent a strong preventing countermove to climatechanges. The control over the environmental effects is a very remarkable aspect. The monitoring activities(through several monitoring stations) and the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies will contribute to
generate consciousness about the system responses to climate change stresses, which is a crucial aspect forresilience improvement. This way, effective and efficient reactions will come from the ecosystem, thanks toan accurate action planning, based on acquired knowledge. Moreover, the “LIFE for Silver Coast” will
increase resilience, making the social-economic system more stable. New business opportunities forstakeholders will lead to more jobs and local communities and Institutions will work together, in a synergic
network. It will be possible to reach a common consciousness about the territorial ecosystem by exchanging
information and solutions to continuously increase performance and benefits. This distributed knowledge
and know-how will act as an elastic tissue for external excitations adsorption, in case of sporadic punctual
failures. The inner innovation and synergic organization of the “LIFE for Silver Coast” Mobility System will be
powerful enough to strengthen the resilience of the whole area of interest, not only with regard of climatechange effects.

69Patterns of geographical transformation in the biopharmaceutical emerging industry
Ms Alessandra Caputo1, Dr Domenico Scalera2, Ms Emanuela Sirtori1
1

Csil - Centre For Industrial Studies, Milan, Italy, 2Department of Law and Economics, University of Sannio, Benevento,
Italy

G10-O3 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
According to European Commission, Emerging Industries are industrial sectors in early stage development
based on new products, services, technologies or ideas and characterised by high-growth rates and market
potential. While scientific literature on the topic is still in its infancy, the European Commission isincreasingly involved in launching initiatives at EU level to support clusters and individual firms in theseindustries. Consisting of restructured sectors that transform, evolve or merge into new industries, emerging
industries usually result from inter-industry spillovers, entailing the transformation of traditional industries
to respond to new market demand and exploit new key enabling technologies. The biopharmaceuticalemerging industry is a momentous driver of scientific advancement. It stems from the mixing of the
traditional pharmaceutical industry, dating back to the late 1800s, with the more recent biotechnology
industry, developed on living cells and molecules, stemming from key innovations in the 1970s and 1980s.
Whereas pharmaceutical companies are continuously developing biotech-related drugs, so that thedistinction between ‘pharma’ companies and ‘biotech’ companies is progressively losing sense,
biopharmaceutical companies are more and more interconnected with companies belonging to otherindustrial and technological areas favouring the rise of new industrial and technological trends. This paper
aims at identifying geographical patterns of the biopharmaceutical industrial transformation trends at thescale of EU regions, over the time period from 2000 to 2016. Data on co-patenting, M&As, and JV&As areused as reliable proxies to capture cross-sectoral industrial transformation trends along the value chain of
the industry. Combining together these three sets of data, the paper adopts a partially novel approach: a
Network Analysis is performed at NUTS2 level to identify regional communities and geographical hotspots,
by using data on the location of inventors and companies involved in the cross-sectoral operations.
Preliminary results suggest that from 2000 to 2016, on the one hand, there has been an increase inbiopharmaceutical cross-sectoral activities in Eastern Europe; on the other hand, some peripheral regions,such as those in Southern Italy, have lost their relevance. A further finding is the steady growth of crosssectoral activities among Spanish regions. This paper contributes at the same time to both the literature on
the geography of industrial activities, by employing a new method of analysis, and to the strand of literature
focusing on emerging industries.

Evolution of urban hierarchies over time: The role of agglomeration economies
Prof. Andrea Caragliu1, Prof. Roberta Capello1, Prof. Michiel Gerritse2
1

Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy, 2Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

G04-O8 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Central Place Theory (CPT) suggests that urban functions change along with their average size. Yet mostempirical descriptions of the development of the urban landscape rely on measures of city size, assuming
homogeneity of rank-specific economic activities. In this paper, we assume that different functions of cities
may contribute unevenly to the long-run development of the city; and in particular that the most complex
tasks have the strongest impact in the largest cities.
Theoretically, the number of intertemporal changes across the urban hierarchy distribution is expected tobe relatively limited: it takes time for cities to adjust structural features such as the presence of high-level70

functions (Allens and Sanglier, 1979; Eeckhout, 2004; Parr, 2017). To address this limit, we use long-run
National Statistical Institute (ISTAT) census data (1971-2011) to describe the evolution of Italian system ofcities in terms of hierarchy and size.
The development of cities varies strongly with the type of function they specialize in. Specialization in themost complex functions, and in particular in management tasks, was associated with the strongest growthin terms of rank, population and employment. The growth effects of management tasks were particularly
strong in large urban areas. By contrast, a specialization in tasks of lower complexity, such as agriculture or
low-tech manufacturing turns out to be a better predictor of growth in smaller cities. This suggests that theimportance of functional specialization in development is polarized: large city growth is primarily associatedto its complex functions, but small city growth is associated to less complex functions.
We also document that the growth effects of complex functional specialization are highly localized.
Proximity to a city with large employment in complex production does not explain own city growth.
Similarly, we find growth effects of complex specialization in large and medium-sized cities with little accessto nearby large cities, but we find no growth effects of complex specialization in smaller cities with large
access to nearby large cities. This suggests that functional specialization works in the most central cities but
cannot be “borrowed” by suburban or satellite cities.

Safe System Management Model: When One Size Fits None!
Mr Laurent Carnis1
1

UPE-IFSTTAR, Blesmes, France

S60-S1 Road Safety Management in Developing Countries: the case of Africa, IUT_Room 108, August 29,
2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

UK regional urbanization patterns: Implications for inter-regional inequality
Dr. Andre Carrascal-incera1, Dr. Diana Gutierrez-Posada1, Dr. Stephan Weiler2
1

University Of Birmingham, Birmingham , United Kingdom, 2Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States

S34-S2 Regional Modelling: New Approaches and Data
MILC_Room 308, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
UK is a country where more than 60% of the population live in regions with a density of 350 inhabitants per
square kilometre or over. In the last 15 years (from 2001 to 2017) this urbanization process has continued,
showing higher population growth rates for larger and denser agglomerations. Furthermore, in the last 5
years the speed of this process has increased considerably. In the period 2002-2012 the UK’s urban
population grew at an annual pace 1.32 times higher than the rural one, accelerating to a pace 2.20 times
faster from 2012 through 2017.
There is a set of advantages for why people choose to move to larger cities already studied in the related
literature such as higher expected wages, better searching and matching processes linked to a larger labour
market, further access to amenities, among others. However, instead of evaluating the causes ofurbanization, this paper assesses the main economic consequences of this demographic trend. In particular,
we focus on the fact that urban and rural populations clearly differ in their lifestyles and, consequently, intheir consumption patterns. According to the Living Costs and Food Survey data of 2017, while urban
populations spend significantly more on Housing, Fuel and Power as well as in Clothing and Footwear; rural
households spend more on Transport. At the same time, urban regions depend on the primary products andenergy produced in rural areas, while cities are mainly specialized in the provision of services. We can71further control for differences in levels and sources of income, given divergences in rural and urban regionsin terms of wage/salary, and asset-based income flows.
As a first approximation to this issue, we extend the SEIM-UK multiregional model, including different types
of households and workers in a Miyazawa fashion, to account for the main employment, output, and valueadded effects that urbanization process has on the different 37 UK regional economies.

Backtracking : When do Early Adopters Renounce to a Reform They Endorsed?
Dr. Aurélie Cassette1, Etienne Farvaque1

University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France

S50-S1 Fiscal decentralisation and multi-level governance
IUT_Room 408, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper studies the determinants of the decision to go back from an adopted reform.
We use the quasi-natural experiment of the changes in the school week schedule inFrance. The government first offered the municipalities to implement quickly or
further in time a reform of the school schedule, and then - 4 years later - offered thepossibility to come back to the pre-reform schedule. Our results are based on a unique,very detailed, database of school-week schedules. They indicate that, even if there is astrong level of path dependency in policy decisions, political and budgetary variables
are fundamental in explaining backtracking decisions.

Climate, urbanisation and conflict: The effects of weather shocks and floods on urban social disorder
Dr. David Castells-Quintana1, Dr. Tom McDermott2, Dr. Maria Lopez-Uribe3
1

Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, 2National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland, 3Universidad deLos Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

S39-S2 Understanding urbanisation at a global scale: definitions and empirical analyses (OECD and European
Commission)
IUT_Room 202, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
See extended abstract online.
Density, city structure, and pollution: a global viewDr. David Castells-Quintana1, Dr. Elisa Dienesch, Dr. Melanie Krause
1

Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

S56-S1 Transport, health and socio-territorial disparities, IUT_Room 108, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Evacuation routes based on a building information modeling and multicriteria analysis
Mr Ever Enrique Castillo Osorio1, Mr. Hwan-Hee Yoo1
1

Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea

G24-O3 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
72

After the occurrence of a disaster in urban areas, many people can be trapped inside buildings such as
houses, offices, etc. In case of this vulnerable people, they need support for a quick evacuation, especially inlarge new buildings that follow design trends too complex, and that at the time of panic could turn into amaze when people try to find the emergency exits nearest.
Nowadays, current design technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) let us to know thefunctional distribution of the geometric context inside buildings. Data can be taken of the BIM forevacuation activities of people indoor buildings towards safe places. However, they must be integrated
efficiently, in order to be feasible for such activities. On the other hand, the study of algorithms forgeneration of evacuation routes has had notable advances in the scientific field, currently applying criteria
based on machine learning and artificial intelligence. These criteria allow algorithms to be more efficientunder conditions of time and movement of people to secure areas.
This work aims to develop a method for the calculation of shorter evacuation routes inside buildings. The
first step is to obtain the simplified geometry of the building taken from the BIM. The geometry includes
walls, doors, corridors, ramps and others facilities. As a second step, the information of the geometry withits basic attribute table is transferred in a spatial database. Attribute tables are processed under theconception of Geographic Information System (GIS), that is, each table stores multiple characteristics of theelements. In the third step is applied the multicriteria analysis in the geometry. It considers the allocation ofweights based on information of the design and structural context of the building. Finally, the fourth step isthe calculation of the most feasible evacuation route under the concept of machine learning. This iscalculated through an algorithm generated as a variant of the A* algorithm, and the use of the Dijkstra's
algorithm as additional criteria for obtaining the shortest route among various feasible routes.
The experimental results show the importance of the allocation of weights in the context of multicriteria
analysis and the use of the algorithm that allows determining the safest evacuation routes for vulnerable
people in search and rescue activities.

Factors Conditioning Commute Mode Choice in Altona-Hamburg
Dr. Tuba Çekiç1, Kimberly Tatum2, Prof. Dr. Joerg Knieling2
1

Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany, 2Hafencity University, Hamburg, Germany

G16-O2 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Although in recent years studies on sustainable mobility have received a significant attention of scholars
from different disciplines like transport researchers, geographers, economist, urban planners, there is yet anurge for a better understanding of driving forces for a more sustainable mode choice in a variety ofgeographical settings.
This paper presents some results from the EU-Horizon 2020-funded Cities-4-People project. It investigates
key factors influencing individual travel behaviors for different travel modes, by identifying user
characteristics correlated to user preferences. Primary data was collected through online surveys to achieve
this aim. Quantitative data were collected to analyze the socio-demographic characteristics of citizens
moving daily in the city, their routes, mobility challenges, and satisfaction with travelling. This paper will
present the findings of the survey conducted in Hamburg-Altona.

73

Regional Disparities and Political and Economic Integration in the EU
Ms Silvia Cerisola1, Prof. Roberto Camagni1, Prof. Roberta Capello1, Prof. Ugo Fratesi1
1

Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy

G06-O8 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
A large number of works have explored the trend of disparities in the European Union in terms of
convergence and in relation with cohesion policies, also focusing in some cases on the differences between
inter-national and intra-national disparities (among others, Petrakos et al. 2005, Ezcurra and Pascual 2007,
Geppert and Stephan 2008 and among the most recent contributions Butkus et al. 2018, Iammarino et al.
2018 and Rosés and Wolf 2018). However, most studies are completely inductive, focus on either EU15
countries or CEECs and usually involve relatively short and recent periods. In addition, a thoroughinvestigation of the relationship between the political and economic integration in the EU and the historicalevolution of disparities is missing in the existing literature.
This paper aims at filling these gaps through providing an interpretative framework that considers
institutional changes at both the political and the economic level, thus taking into account the subsequentenlargements of the EU on the one hand and the birth of the single market and the introduction of the euro
on the other. Exploiting regional data on GDP per capita from 1980 to 2015, the present work presents an in
depth Europe wide (28 countries) long run analysis of the link between relevant institutional changes within
the European integration process and the trend in disparities. Such trend is also explored at both the interand the intra-national levels, to be able to detect specific and potentially diverging behaviors between andwithin countries.

References
Butkus M., D. Cibulskiene, A. Maciulyte-Sniukiene, and K. Matuzeviciute (2018) What Is the Evolution ofConvergence in the EU? Decomposing EU Disparities up to NUTS3 Level, Sustainability, vol. 10, pp. 15-52.
Ezcurra R. and P. Pascual (2007) Regional Polarization and National Development in the European Union,
Urban Studies, vol. 44(1), pp. 99-122.
Geppert K. and A. Stephan (2008) Regional disparities in the European Union: Convergence andagglomeration, Papers in Regional Science, vol. 87(2), pp. 193-218.
Iammarino S., A. Rodríguez-Pose, and M. Storper (2018) Regional inequality in Europe: evidence, theory andpolicy implications, Journal of Economic Geography, https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lby021.
Petrakos G., A. Rodríguez-Pose and A. Rovolis (2005) Growth, integration, and regional disparities in theEuropean Union, Environment and Planning A, vol. 37, pp. 1837-1855.
Rosés J. R. and N. Wolf (2018) The Economic Development of Europe’s Regions: A Quantitative History Since
1900, Routledge Explorations in Economic History, Routledge.

Plant closures in bad times: how quickly local economies recover?
Dr. Augusto Cerqua1, Prof. Guido Pellegrini1
1

Sapienza University Of Rome, Rome, Italy

G12-O1 Location of Economic Activity
MILC_Room 309, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper studies the impact of the closure of a large plant on the local economy at a time of economic
recession. In particular, we examine how the closure of large manufacturing plants in Italy between 2008
and 2013 impact on the local labor market system. We estimate the average treatment effect for the short74

as well as the medium period by adopting the nonparametric generalization of the difference-in-differences
estimator and the generalized synthetic control method. The main dataset comes from the Italian Statistical
Register of Active Enterprises archive, which covers the universe of firms and employees of industry andservices in Italy. As plant closures are usually accompanied by a bargaining process between the firm andtrade unions mediated by the government, we complement our analysis by looking at the official reports ofsuch bargaining processes and by taking such outcomes into account. This is a relevant topic given the large
number of employees generally involved in manufacturing plant closures which consequently pushes
governments to subsidize or bail out firms on the verge of bankruptcy. However, the literature on this topic
is surprisingly scarce and additional compelling empirical analyses are needed to guide policymakers when
making such important and costly decisions. Besides, we investigate the heterogeneity of the impact byindustry and by geographical area.

Adoption to Innovation: The Case of Turkish Farmers from Antalya Agriculture RegionMs Şerife Betül Çetinkaya1, Prof Hilal Erkus Ozturk
1

Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

G07-O1 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Innovation systems contributes positively to the agricultural systems as increase in productivity and quality
on seed, pesticites, environmentally sensitive systems et.al. Even increase in technology stimulates
innovation, adoption of users, in our case farmers in the agricultural production is also very important forthe sustainability in innovative production. Adopting innovative methods in agriculture is especially very
important for farmers and sectors when developing adaptation mechanisms to (environmental, economical)
crisis. Turkey experienced a political crisis with Russia which both effected negatively the tourism sector in
Antalya and agriculture sector in Kumluca in which the agricultural export was banned to Russia by Russianin 2015. In this study, we try to explore the adoption level of farmers to innovative systems in agriculture to
recover and to adapt to crisis in production. We take Antalya, Kumluca agricultural sub-region, which is theleading agricultural center for glass houses in Turkey. By carrying out face-to-face interviews and surveys
with farmers, we try to determine and discuss how farmers adop to innovation and develop innovation
methods for crisis. Within this context, we employ both qualitative and quantitative research methods toanalyse the survey findings on adoption to innovation after crisis.

Resilience To Natural Disasters: Evidence From Antalya’s Agriculture Sector
Ms Şerife Betül Çetinkaya1, Prof Hilal Erkus Ozturk
1

Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

S40-S2 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In recent years, number and severity of natural disasters have been increasing due to climate change.
Natural disasters are one of the most important crises faced by farmers who produce greenhouse. These
farmers are more vulnerable to unexpected natural disasters as they struggle to adapt to changing
economic environments. Although farmers are prepared for such disasters as heavy rains and frosts, they
are not prepared for such disasters as hoses, storms, hailstones, which are difficult to predict. Therefore,
these disasters have devastating effects on both greenhouse and the products grown in these areas. In thiscontext, there is a growing need for development policies to reduce the negative effects of natural disasters
on farmers. It is very important to measure the ability of farmers to adapt to natural disasters and to75

determine the magnitude of damages and to develop solution and support strategies. In this study, theability and adaptability of farmers to natural disasters are investigated. Selected as study area where mostgreenhouse production in Turkey-Antalya and which has occured many natural disasters in recent years.
Face-to-face interviews and surveys with farmers will be carried out to determine how adaptive farmers
develop adaptation methods for natural disasters. The data obtained from surveys and face-to-faceinterviews will be evaluated with various quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques. In line with theresults, a discussion will be held to answer these questions in order to contribute to the strategies andpolicy production of local and public administration actors: How can farmers be more resilient to natural
disasters and how can support mechanisms be developed for farmers after natural disasters?

Online Platform: Solution to Managing and Sustaining South Korea's Dispersed Inbound Education Aid
Ms Joo Eun Chae1, Mr Jinhwan Oh2
1

Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea, 2Ewha Womans University , Seoul, South Korea

G02-YS1 Mobility and Digital Transformations
IUT_Room 207, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
South Korea’s inbound education official development assistance (ODA) has been known to be spread
across regions regardless of geographic proximity. This not only negatively impacts Korea’s effectiveness tomanage aid, but also to sustain aid long-term. As a follow-up study of Oh (2017), we reexamine Korea’s aid
pattern by making a comparison with those of the United Kingdom, Germany, and Australia, three othermember countries of the Development Assistance Committee that allocates inbound education ODA. With
the empirical results confirming Korea’s lack of concentration in education ODA, we recommend
establishing satellite campuses as a more viable, operative solution than the previously suggested solutionof establishing a specialized agency focusing on scholarship programs. As validated by Nagoya University’s
Asian Satellite Campuses Institute (ASCI), transferring much of work to the online platform reduces time andfinancial costs. Furthermore, satellite campuses are expected to facilitate various means of partnerships
among aid donor countries that are implementing similar programs. International collaborative efforts could
help improve the quality of Korea’s inbound education and play an important role in attracting brightprospective students. Thus, Korea could utilize online education platform to overcome severe geographic
obstacles in distance education and increase effectiveness of its inbound education ODA.

Impact of Housing Program on Social Conditions: Evidence from Minha Casa Minha Vida Program
Lotteries in Brazil
Dr. André Chagas1, Guilherme Rocha1
1

USP - Department of Economics, São Paulo, Brazil

G13-O2 Real Estate and Housing Markets
UdL_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
For a long time, housing policies have been instituted in an effort to improve the quality of life of thepoorest citizens. In developing countries, urbanization has increased the number of slums, supporting thecreation of housing programs like the Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV) program, launched in 2009 in Brazil.
The program was intended to provide better housing conditions for low-income families. To reduce theconstruction costs, however, the houses were built in areas outside of the cities, far from the business andemployment centers. In this paper, we took advantage of a random selection of families in Rio de Janeiro(one of the most important cities in Brazil) and São José do Rio Preto (a big city in São Paulo state, Brazil) toevaluate the impact of the Minha Casa Minha Vida program on social conditions. By combining two76

administrative databases, we were able to measure changes in the labor market for both groups, those
selected and not selected (for the program). The first conclusion was that even with a random-selection
criterion like the lottery, the program did a bad job selecting the beneficiary families, benefiting only theones least linked to the labor market. Individuals with better job conditions chose to remain in their current
house, regardless of its structural condition or the characteristics of the neighborhood. To the beneficiary,
the program negatively affected the labor supply, reducing the likelihood that the beneficiary would be able
to be formally employed. Also, the program increased the proportion of families receiving income subsidies
from the government. This work is one of the first articles to analyze microdata from MCMV, providing anessential measure of the program’s impact.

Non taxation of imputed rent: a gift to scrooge
Dr. Guillaume Chapelle1, Montserrat Botey
1

Sciences Po, Paris, France

S38-S2 Housing Markets: information, taxes, prices
IUT_Room 108, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Homeowners save an imputed rent which is usually exempted from income taxation. This paper exploits the
fiscal simulator developed by (Landais et al, 2011) to estimate this tax saving and its distribution between
households in France. We show that net imputed rents represent 7% of the national net income and that
their non taxation is a hidden fiscal spending estimated between 9 and 11 billions of euros. This is thus the
major public spending to support homeownership while it mostly benefit to the wealthiest and the oldest
age groups. Reestablishing imputed rent taxation might be an interesting way to cope with increasing
capital inequalities that has been fostered by the recent increase in housing prices.

A study on Development Strategy in the Traditional Area of Thao
Ms Yi Hsuan Chen1
1

National Cheng Kung university, , Taiwan

G04-O2 Regional and Urban Development, IUT_Room 207
August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The land movement of Taiwan indigenous people lasted for 30 years. Although the traditional areas and therights to land are defined in the Indigenous People Basic Law. The issue of land has never been improved.
The Spatial Planning Act adopted in 2016 will also set up the use zones according to demand. The goal is thesustainable development of cultural and tourism resources. In addition to competition, there is also a
cooperative relationship. Land use and urban development must respect the traditional culture ofindigenous peoples as a planning trend. But Taiwan often ignores the needs of groups when promoting
development plan in their area. Caused the resistance of the tribes and the plan could not be implemented
smoothly. In the face of public interests such as tourism and urban development, how to preserve ethnic
culture and maintain the ecological environment is a task that must be considered now.
Based on literature review, Taiwan indigenous research is focused on policy. This study will focus on therelationship between cultural and ecological resources and regional development in traditional area.
Research through case studies to understand the land development difficulties and analyze the main impact
issues to figure out the key influencing factors. Then combine the preservation methods of culturallandscape to propose the development strategy and helpful the future project. Hope to achieve sustainable
development goals for cultural and environmental resources.
77

Keywords：indigenous people、social impacts、sustainable development、cultural landscape* The Thao is one of the Taiwan indigenous tribes. They lives in Yuchih Township and Shueili Township in
Nantou County with a total of about 648 people.
Source:https://www.apc.gov.tw/portal/docList.html?CID=74A8B8BCC36345DA

Trade, Emissions, and Regulatory (Non-)Compliance: Implications for Firm Heterogeneity
Dr. Juin-Jen Chang2, Dr. Yi-Ling Cheng1, Dr. Shin-Kun Peng2
1

National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan , 2Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

G19-O2 Health and Environmental Issues
MILC_Room 409, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper provides implications of firm heterogeneity for global pollution and trade liberalization in amodel of endogenous markups and non-compliance with environmental regulations. We show that firms
with heterogeneous productivities respond differently to a uniform environmental regulation, whichchanges the market competition structure within a country and across countries, and disentangles theinteraction effects of environmental regulations and trade liberalization. In autarky, efficient firms arefavored by environmental regulations but they may produce more emissions via the non-compliance toescape the regulation and maintain their competitiveness. In a symmetric two-country open economy,
trade liberalization can break the output-environment trade-off, not only increasing the world-wide output
but also decreasing global pollution emissions. Under asymmetric environmental regulations, a unilateralincrease in the emission tax decreases the average productivity in this country if openness to trade issubstantially high, which contrasts with the effect under autarky whereby the average productivity
increases with the emission tax. Our welfare analysis shows that there exists a U-shaped relationshipbetween the optimal emission tax and openness to trade regardless of whether under tax harmonization ortax competition. Trade liberalization unambiguously decreases global pollution emissions under tax
harmonization but it may increase global pollution emissions under tax competition.

The impacts of global liquidity on international housing prices
Prof. Mei-se Chien11National Kaohsiung University Of Science And Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

G13-O2 Real Estate and Housing Markets
UdL_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The aim of this paper is to investigate how global liquidity affects international housing prices around theworld. Being based on the model of Cesa-Bianchi et al.(2015), panel cointegration and fully modified OLS of
Pedroni (2001, 2004) are executed to examine the long run equilibrium between global liquidity andhousing prices, and the generalized impulse response approach(GIRF) is applied to analysis the relative
strengths and the transmission mechanisms between the variables. The panel data sample covers 36
countries form 2000Q1 to 2017Q4, and the empirical results are shown as the following. First, the FMOLS
estimating results of the full sample show that the effect of global liquidity on housing prices is significantly
positive, and this effect is higher in the developing economies than in the developed economies. Second,
consumption can cause a higher effect on housing prices in the developing economies, but income cansignificantly affect housing prices only in the developed economies. Third, the results of GIRF show that the
short-run impact of global liquidity on housing prices is significant only in the developing economies. As tothe short-run impacts of consumption and income on housing prices, the impacts in the developing78

economies are higher and last for a shorter period, and the developed economies have lower but longerperiod impacts.

Digital Divides in the Romanian Economy and Society: Analysis at Regional Level in the EU Integration
Context
Dr Mihaela-Nona Chilian1, Dr Marioara Iordan1, Dr. Elena Pelinescu1
1Institute For Economic Forecasting, Bucharest, Romania

G04-O7 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The paramount importance of the ICT sector for the EU countries and regions economies and societies
remained, on the whole, relatively stable over the last decade, but significant gaps persisted especially atregional and sub-regional level. Romania was no exception to the rule, so that despite the increasing overall
share of the ICT in the national GDP, the regional and sub-regional differences maintained; however, withquite a wide range of dynamics and structural changes for different indicators.
Based on a very large array of EU and national indicators used to describe the place and role of ICT ineconomy and society at regional and, if possible, sub-regional levels, the paper presents a broader analysisof the evolutions and mutations of many types of ICT gaps and divides registered in the Romanian regions
after the country’s accession to the EU. Whenever possible, different levels of analysis are used in parallel:
individuals, households, companies, regional economies, and relevant comparisons with situations in otherEU regions are provided. Conclusions and some policy recommendations are formulated, with a focus on
the worrisome rifts between the levels of ICT usage for individual, societal and company purposes andrelationships and the levels of usage for relations between the individuals and companies and thegovernment and public administration authorities.

Building of the Birth Rate Boosting Policy for Overcoming Population Cliff
Prof. Deokho Cho1
1

Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea

G06-O3 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
South Korea has complemented the compressive economic development since 1960s. It is one of the best
success stories in the world in terms of economic and political developments. However she also experienced
extremely rapid changes of population structure. South Korea hit the lowest-ever fertility rate of 1.05 births
per woman in 2017. To maintain its population level stable, she needs 2.1 baby births per woman. The
government statistics shows that only 357,000 babies were born last year. The average birth rate per
woman is due to be as low as 0.96 this year even if Korea has made an effort to boost the birth rate (Korean
Statistics Office, 2018). Korea is currently the fastest-aging developed economy in the world and has apopulation structure composed of more elderly people than young people but the level of population
ageing differs from region to region. Rural areas already became the super ageing society. And then she has
a hard time which is the low birth rate and population ageing in terms of demographic structure (Woo,2018). The goal of this study is to promote the birth rate in order to solve the overall population cliff and to
decrease the population ageing speed. This study examines the fertility boosting policies in terms of social,economic and regional aspects in order to overcome very low fertility (McDonald, 2008). It figures out thefactors which influence the birth rate and suggest the better policy alternatives to reverse the trend of thislow fertility rate.
79

An algorithmic approach for simulating regional economic development: the nexus of complexity scienceand regional science
Dr. Jae Beum Cho1
1

Indiana University, Bloomington, United States

S28-S1 Applying a Complex Adaptive Systems Approach to Regional Economics: big data, network analysis,
and computational theory
MILC_Room 310, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
At the city and regional level, local economies can be viewed as “ecosystems” where a plethora of agendas
act together to shape the overall outcome of the system as a whole. This paper focuses on a key
characteristic of regional ecosystems, namely the interrelatedness of its different elements. Concentrating
on industrial structure as one aspect of the ecosystem of cities, I utilize data on new firm formation andindustrial composition for US cities at detailed industry levels to construct an underlying industry network
where the nodes are industries, and the links are tendencies for coagglomeration using the Ellison-Glaeser
index. The result is an “industry space” where industries are connected to each other within a network of
relatedness. Then, shifts in any particular city’s industrial structure over time are simulated, utilizing an
optimization scheme based on The Method of Reflections (Hidalgo and Hausmann 2009). The result is adetailed pathway for economic development that maximizes the development potential of the city, given all
possibilities.
Ultimately, this study attempts to answer two questions:
1) Do more successful regions show different patterns of industrial change compared to those that are lesssuccessful?
3) How should regions faced with different circumstances promote industrial change such that theireconomic development capacities are maximized?

On The Characteristics and Development Strategies of the High-Speed Railway Complex Transit Center
Project in High-Speed Railway Station
Mr Jong Ho Choi1, Prof Bong Hyun Jeong11Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea,

G16-O4 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
With the advent of the high-speed rail city era, the future economic development speed and scale of
KTX(Korea Train eXpress) bullet train are moving around. Currently, the high-speed railway station is seeking
three-dimensional use of historical space and linkage with its surroundings in terms of efficient use of thenational territory and development of potential. In addition, it is a traffic defect in which passengers andcargo are transported, and it is being combined into various functions such as housing, commerce, andbusiness.
The purpose of this study is to examine the basic theory of the Korea High Speed Rail Transfer Center, andto comprehensively review the problems in the development process, development procedures anddevelopment effects. Based on this, the efficient and effective development direction of the high-speed rail
composite transfer center is presented and the implications are derived.
The contents of the study understand the basic concept of the high-speed rail transit transfer center, andanalyze the present state of railway facilities along with the review of the railway transportation plan, such80

as the national rail network construction plan. With spatial representation and accessibility of data in mind,
Yongsan Station and Dongdaegu Station are limited to case paper. The research method establishes
theoretical background, including the development characteristics of the high-speed rail composite transfer
center through prior research and literature review. Practical analyses such as railway facilities,
transportation systems and economic and social effects are carried out through the preliminary analysis
stages, including a comprehensive review of related plans. Through an intensive analysis of the institutional
characteristics of the high-speed rail transit center, an in-depth analysis is conducted, including the directionof development and the elicitation of implications.
The research is expected to be used as a reference for the future direction of promoting high-speed railway
stations and the regional power areas as the high-speed rail city era is set to take full swing. However,
because the unique regional, environmental, and social characteristics of the high-speed railway stationdiffer, there are limitations in drawing up specific development strategies or presenting general results.

Combinations of the Variables Affecting ODA Effectiveness in OECD Countries: Application of QCA
Prof. Young-chool Choi1, Prof. Hak-Sil Kim1, Prof. Ji-Hyun Jang2
1

Chungbuk National University, Cheongju City, Chungbuk Province, South Korea, 2Sanmyung University, , South Korea

G07-R1 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Since Korea became a member of OECD DAC member countries in 2010, Korean government has been
increasing the size of ODA over time to a significant degree to which it has reached 0.16% of GNI (Gross
National Income) and three thousand billion Korean won (Korean currency), which is equivalent toapproximately 3 billion US dollars as of 2018. It is expected that this tendency of increase in ODA size also
continues to go on worldwide as OECD DAC has highly recommended each DAC member country to increase
its ODA size to 0.7 % of GNI, respectively. Against this background, based on the assumption that ODA
projects should be effectively formulated, implemented, monitored and evaluated from the beginning toend, this paper attempts to discover the combinations of the configurations associated with the effective
management of ODA projects in OECD DAC member countries, with special reference to policy-related
variables, and to put forward policy implications for Korea to be able to ameliorate the existing ODA policy
governance. The research methodology employed in this analysis is QCA (Qualitative Comparative Analysis).
One of the main findings in this analysis is that ODA projects can be effectively implemented in a situation
where high level of efficiency in government spending, a high level of transparency in policy-making system,
and low-level of public funds diversion are ensured.

Assessment of Green City Strategies on Flood and Heat island Resilience - A Case Study of Kaohsiung,TaiwanPhD Han Liang Lin, Ms Li Ting Chung
1

National Cheng Kung University, , Taiwan

G24-O1 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Urbanization results in higher building density, and less amount of permeable pavement in urban area that
increase urban runoff and cause flood disasters. Besides, the increasing emission of carbon dioxide by urban
traffics also leads to urban heat-island (UHI) effect. The losing resilience of floods and heat of cities could be
a consequence of natural-built environment relationship degradation. Green strategies of green urbanism
focuses on healing the relationship by more green plants, more green buildings, and green infrastructure.
81

The paper aims a quantitative framework of green city strategies assessment on the capacity of flood andheat island resilience that the scale and the space are explicitly specified.
To this end, Kaohsiung is selected for the empirical study because of frequent flood disasters in recent years
and UHI effect of 4 °C higher than its neighborhood cities in average. The assessment of flood resiliencecapacity is based on a quasi-two-dimensional diffuse flow simulation model to obtain the information offlood area, flood water volumes and flood hydrograph, with and without green strategies. Regarding to UHI
effect, this study quantifies green intensity index and main factors of urban heat island in Kaohsiung toconfirm a regression graph. Finally, methods of point pattern analysis, such as spatial autocorrelation/kernel
density analysis, will be evaluated to reveal the spatial patterns of flood and heat island resilience to makethe spatial perspective of scale and location easy to be understood by visualization.

What is the return on investing European Regional Development and Cohesion Funds? Difference-indifferences estimator approach
Prof. Dr. Diana Cibulskiene1, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mindaugas Butkus1, Dr. Alma Maciulyte-Sniukiene1, Assoc. Prof.
Dr. Kristina Matuzeviciute1
1

Siauliai University, Siauliai, LITHUANIA

G04-O13 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
One of the ultimate goals of investing EU structural funds is to strengthen economic and social cohesion.
Aiming to formulate and/or adjust funds allocation policy, it is crucial to find out whether previous
investments had a positive return, i.e. the goal to diminish disparities has been achieved. This paper aims to
supplement the empirical evidence of previous contributions in a few ways: (i) the analysis is based on NUTS
3 level data and different expenditure categories of various EU structural funds; (ii) the identification
strategy relies on difference-in-differences estimator; and (iii) the effect is estimated on the dynamics ofregional GDP disparities rather than on regional GDP growth. The research results revealed that all
investments combined did not contribute to the reduction of regional disparities. The analysis of separate
fund shows ambiguous results. The analysis of single expenditure category suggests that investment inproductive environment and basic infrastructure had positive return and investing in human resources did
not have any effect at all.

Changes in the Provision of Dental Medical Services in Romania
Ms Elena Cigu1, Mr Andor Toni Cigu2
1

Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Of Iasi, Iasi, Romania, 2Apollonia University, Iasi, Romania

G19-O3 Health and Environmental Issues
MILC_Room 409, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Medical services show permanent changes as a result of multi-factor intervention, of which we highlighttechnology evolution, health policies, demographic changes, etc. In the case of Romania, the health policies
and hence the quality and quantity of medical services recorded major changes during 1990-2019. One of
the medical services with a very strong evolution is dental medicine, because there is a greater recognition
that oral health has important spillover effects on physical health more generally. Also, there are both
economic and medical developments of good oral health. We firstly aim to provide the context and thedevelopment of health legal framework and the state of Oral Health System and the provision of dental
medical services in Romanian regions. Then, we develop a regression model for evaluating the relationshipbetween oral health policies and the level of socio-economic development and apply it for the case of82

regions of Romania over the period of time 2004-2015. Complete answers on the impact of oral healthpolicies are not likely to be certain but, overall, the evidence strongly supports that well defined andtargeted oral health policies may help in promoting socio-economic development, but there is still need totake a few more steps to define the best legal framework for Romania.

Fiscal Decentralization and Growth. A Case Study for the CEE-11 Countries
Ms Elena Cigu1, Ms Mihaela Onofrei1
1

Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Of Iasi, Iasi, Romania

S26-S1 Comparing local and regional development within and between countries – what information anddata is needed?
IUT_Room 202, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The governments of each member country of the European Union have identified different ways to design
fiscal policies and to implement fiscal decentralization process. The economic theory suggests different
ways through which the devolution of powers/competences and resources to subnational governments
could be linked to economic growth. The goal of this paper is twofold, theoretical and empirical. Firstly, attheoretical level, we intend to highlight the state of knowledge on the relationship between fiscal
decentralization and economic growth. Secondly, by reporting to the results of previous studies, we intend
to develop an econometric model for evaluating the relationship between fiscal decentralization andeconomic growth and apply it for the case of the CEE-11 countries over the period of time 2000-2015. Bychoosing different indicators of fiscal decentralization, we find mixed evidence relating the relationshipbetween fiscal decentralization and economic growth, most of them leading to a raise of economic growth. .
In our opinion this paper can be considered a useful viewpoint in understanding the complexity of fiscal
decentralization and the study of inequalities, being an addition to the existing literature on the field.

Survival of small and medium-sized retail businesses facing retail chains in non-metropolitan areas
Mr Ismaelh Cisse1, Ph.D Jean Dube1
1

Université Laval, Québec, Canada

S49-S1 The retail chains development and changes in service patterns in small towns and rural areas
IUT_Room 203, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Since the end of the 1990s, new consumption habits due to consumer society, time constraints andconsumers who live in the present have contributed to the emergence of new forms of retail businesses:
the power centers. These retail chains are characterized by a spatial concentration of retailers in large
surface areas (100 000 ft² each) and large parking lots. Such power centers usually revolve around one or
two big retail chains, such as Walmart, Costco or Ikea.
It is well known that the retail business location decision and individual performances are influenced by thelocation of competitors (Nilsson and Smirnov, 2017; Carlena Cochi, 2013). For most small retailers, thearrival of power centers leads to a reduction of customers, decline in sales, and sometimes closure of thebusiness (Hicks, 2008). For others, however, this is viewed as an opportunity because of the positive effectsof the agglomeration (Hicks 2007, Evans 2011).
The aim of this paper is to identify the determinants of small and medium-sized retail businesses' survival
when a power center appears in a remote area. More specifically, in this context, the paper seeks to test
whether the resilience of small and medium-sized retail businesses can be attributed to the local
83characteristics, such as the relative spatial concentration of economic activities and/or businesses'
individual’s characteristics.
To this end, the analysis of the time (in years) that an event takes to happen (closure) is conducted througha Cox proportional hazards model. The model estimates the probability of survival of new retail businesses
appearing between 1995 and 2016 in six non-metropolitan cities in Quebec (Canada), including three cities
relatively close to large national urban centers and three other isolated cities. Using spatial micro data, webuild a spatial concentration index through a Distance Based Methodology (DBM) as proposed by Dubé andBrunelle (2014). These indicators describe the local economic landscape: specialization, diversification,competition and complementarity. Individual characteristics are controlled by initial size, sub-economic
sectors and the number of establishments.
The results show that individual characteristics, especially business size, are factors of resilience in the faceof retail chains. The fashion subsector is negatively impacted by the arrival of a Walmart store. As for local
characteristics, the proximity of small retailers in the same sector or complementary sectors diminishes
their survival. Furthermore, small retail business resilience is sensitive to the distance to urban centers andthe city size among non-metropolitan regions.

Coworking in the Digital Economy: Context, Motivations, and Outcomes
Prof. Nick Clifton1
1

Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

S08-S1 New working spaces, digital transformations and peripheral areas
IUT_Room 408, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The number of self-employed, freelancers, and remote workers has risen steadily; simultaneously a range ofcollaborative shared workspaces - coworking spaces – has emerged in which these individuals ‘work alone
together’.
The broader context for these developments is the growth of the knowledge economy and the role of ICT.
An upward trend in remote working would apparently suggest at least some truth in the ‘death of distance’
hypothesis (Cairncross, 2001); however, irrefutable evidence also exists that the rise of the globalised
knowledge economy has seen an accelerated spatial polarisation (Ehrenhalt, 2012) of outcomes andapparently ever-increasing forces of agglomeration. McCann (2008) makes convincing arguments that rapid
improvements in ICT have increased the quantity, variety and complexity of knowledge involved ineconomic activity, in turn increasing what he terms the spatial transaction costs involved in its use. As muchof this knowledge is non-routine or tacit, high levels of face-to-face interaction are thus required tomaintain effective exchange relationships.
However, existing research is skewed towards the social or community aspects of coworking, treated largely
as an end in itself. We argue that this represents only a partial account of coworking. Thus in addressing thebasic research question as to why people who no longer need to ‘huddle’ apparently choose to do so (for atleast part of their working lives), we delineate inputs (social and environmental factors), outputs(community, interaction and knowledge sharing) and outcomes (innovation, growth) of coworking andinvestigate these quantitatively for the first time. Data was collected via a questionnaire survey ofcoworkers across two coworking spaces in South East Wales, UK.
In general, results confirm the role of coworking spaces as a context for the exchange of tacit knowledge,
facilitated by opportunities for face to face interaction. In turn, the evidence suggests that theseinteractions are mainly, but not exclusively, taking place on an informal or untraded interdependency basis
for knowledge sharing. Thus, there is a clear indication from the data that improved innovation and income
are then forthcoming- despite these typically not being explicit motivations for the coworkers.
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Finally we discuss potential limitations of the study, possible policy implications – particularly regarding
regions which are more peripheral and lack strong entrepreneurial ecosystems. We also consider potentiallyfruitful areas of further research such counterfactual surveys of those presently not using coworking spaces,
multivariate and longitudinal methods to further explore the causal relationships between inputs, outputs
and outcomes.

From Interregional Knowledge Networks to Systems
Prof. Nick Clifton1, Dr Adi Weidenfeld2, Dr Teemu Makkonen3
1

Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, 2Coventry University, Coventry, UK, 3University of Eastern
Finland, , Finland

S13-S1 Mainstreaming Smart Specialisation across European Union policies: challenges, opportunities andtools
UdL_Room 106, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The need to collect systematic evidence about how non-local knowledge inﬂuences regional diversiﬁcation
requires a multi-scalar perspective. This is particularly relevant to Smart Specialisation, which offers
enhanced opportunities for regions to “bypass” the national state to affect direct collaboration with regions
from other nations.
Whereas interregional networks of individual actors have recently received growing attention, networks interms of collective regional groups of organisations interacting with their counterparts remain largely
ignored. This is surprising given the Smart Specialisation’s ‘outward looking’ approach, particularly in lessadvanced regions. This conceptual paper explores the rationales and dimensions underpinning interregional
knowledge exchange, networks and systems including a definitional clarity, a typology of networks and theimpacts of different types of proximity. The paper also introduces the concept of inter-regional innovation
systems and sets a new agenda for studying their structure, formation and evolutionary path.
This paper aims to address the gap in the literature by exploring the multiple rationales and dimensions
underpinning interregional knowledge transfer through formal and informal networks and systems. It
argues that networks play an important role in the creation of learning regions and in the creation of RIS.
Whereas a region’s present connections provides only a snapshot, there is a need to examine how they
evolve along time from an evolutionary perspective. For this purpose, the paper begins by suggesting adefinitional clarity in the concepts of networks and systems and identifying the differences between them in
the regional context. Although exact definitions remain problematic, policy-networking bodies are
instrumental (as a necessary but not sufficient condition) in the development from a network to a system.
Second, it identifies five distinct types of interregional knowledge exchange networks, including regions
from the same country or different countries. Third, it explores the barriers and incentives for interregional
knowledge flows particularly through different proximity types including cognitive, institutional and spatial.
These may vary depending on the regions in question, implying a variety of potential outcomes. Fourth, it
introduces the concept of Inter-Regional Innovation Systems (IRIS) and discusses the understudied
formation and evolution of such innovation systems. In this context it is suggested that the degree ofinterdependency (i.e. externality) between actors defines a system- or at least a network with systematic
traits. The paper sets up a research agenda for future studies by providing a conceptual framework for the
study of interregional knowledge transfer and innovation with an emphasis on less advanced regions.

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Location determinants of Eco-Innovative firms: Evidence for French Departments
Dr. Eva Coll-Martinez1, Mrs. Malia Kedjar1, Dr. Patricia Renou-Maissant2
1

Université De Caen Normandie, Caen, France, 2Université De Caen Normandie & EconomiX, Caen & Paris-Nanterre,FranceS61-S1 Energy Transition and Eco Innovation
MILC_Room 409, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper analyses the spatial distribution and the location determinants of eco-innovative firms in France.
The analysis is based on a dataset covering all French Provinces (départements) obtained after merging
firm-level microdata on the location of new firms from DIANE Mercantil Register (Bureau van Dijk) andpatent information from the REGPAT database for the period 2003 and 2015. This paper departs fromprevious contributions in two main ways. First, it introduces spatial econometrics techniques to capture any
potential spatial spillovers arising from the location of these firms for the first time in this literature. And
second, it focuses on the French case which is of special interest in view of relevance of regional ecoinnovation policies and the fact that despite an important weight of Paris region, there is a relatively wellbalanced territorial distribution of eco-innovative activity. We use Count Data Models (CDM) to show thatlocation determinants may vary according to the intensity of previous eco-innovations, the technologicalcomposition of local stocks and that the characteristics of the regional innovation system play an importantrole for the location of eco-innovative firms. Moreover, when accounting for neighbouring effects, we findthat previous eco-innovative firm entries in neighbouring regions positively influence the entry of new ecoinnovative firms on the department of reference.

Sustainable development. A Comparative Analysis of the Performance of French departments
Prof. Jean BONNET1, Doctor Eva Coll-Martinez1, Doctor François Raulin2, Prof. Patricia RENOU-MAISSANT1
1NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, CREM , Caen, FRANCE, 2Métis Lab, EM Normandie, Caen, FRANCE

S61-S1 Energy Transition and Eco Innovation
MILC_Room 409, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Since the Brundtland report (1987) and the adoption of Agenda 21 at the 1992 United Nations Conference
on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, governments committed to developing strategies toachieve sustainable development. To address the challenges of the threat of ecosystems degradation andglobal warming, a radical technological transformation of the global energy system is required. Therefore,
governments need to encourage concerted and coordinated efforts to integrate global ecological concerns
into local and national policies (United Nations, 2008, UNEP, 2014). A whole set of initiatives are emerging
locally to respond to these new challenges.
In France, the Grenelle Acts I and II have given local authorities a major role in setting up the energy
transition by extending their field expertise in the field of energy policy, by enabling them to develop
actions in favour of energy management and to intervene in the field of the production of renewable energy
sources. To carry out its missions, the region has the Regional Plan of Climate, Air and Energy (SRCAE),
created by the law 2010-788 of July 12, 2010, called "Grenelle Act II". The SRCAE must define, from aninventory, objectives and orientations for the horizons of 2020 and 2050 (De Charentenay et al., 2012).
Regional strategies are defined and implemented at the local level by the local authorities which arestrongly mobilized. In addition to the environmental issue, the creation of new sustainable andterritorialized energy sectors is likely to generate local jobs that cannot be relocated.
The paper proposes an evaluation framework for comparing sustainable development in France at the
departmental level, taking into account six dimensions: environment and natural resources, energy
transition, territories and sustainable mobility, economic dynamism, social cohesion and solidarity, and86

governance. Considering a wide range of variables, we build aggregate composite indices for eachdimension of sustainable development (OECD, 2008, O’Connor et al., 2008, Mazziotta et Pareto, 2013,2017). Then a cluster analysis is used to classify French departments and to explore similarities anddissimilarities with respect to the six components of the sustainable development. Results make it possible
to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the departments as well as the the levers and obstacles tosustainable development. Spatial patterns may also eventually emerge. Finally, recommendations can be
draw for public policies.

The determinants of warehouses’ locations in France: An empirical test based on spatial economics
Dr. Martin Koning2, Dr. François Combes1, Dr. David Guerrero3
1

IFSTTAR / AME / SPLOTT, , France, 2IFSTTAR / AME / SPLOTT, , France, 3IFSTTAR / AME / SPLOTT, , France

S30-S1 Connecting short and long distance perspectives in freight transportation
IUT_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This article aims at understanding the determinants of warehouses’ locations in France, starting from a
simple model inspired by urban economics.
We specify a “total logistics costs” (TLC) function which makes depend on the distance to the agglomeration
center some of the main inputs required to operate warehouses, especially through spatial variations inland prices, employees’ wages and induced commercial transport costs. Within this theoretical framework,
logistics operators select their locations in order to minimize the TLC, hence implying that the chosen(“optimal”) distance to the city center depends on the warehouse’s size, on the workforce’s volume and on
the number of vehicles arriving at/leaving the warehouse. The relative influence of these forces additionallyvaries w.r.t. the shape of the urban agglomeration (monocentric or not), but also w.r.t. the functional
specialization of warehouses (dedicated towards local vs. “foreign” markets).
This structural model of warehouses’ location choices is then empirically tested on French data. The main
dataset used for the econometric analysis comes from the “Enquête Entrepôts”. Collected in 2011 by the
French Ministry of Environment, this survey provides us with a lot of information for a sample of 1,500
warehouses approximately: buildings’ area and municipal location, number of (full-time/temporary)workers, types and volumes of commodities stocked in warehouses, the corresponding traffic oftrucks/vans, the logistics services offered in warehouses, the main origins and destinations of thecommodities, some technical characteristics of the warehouses (connection to railway or maritime
terminals, temperature controlled buildings, ….). This original dataset is crossed with other information on
urban area sizes and types (originating from the French National Institute for Statistics), but also withaccessibility indexes and other external data.
Exploratory estimates are in progress.

The Wealth of Cities
Dr. David Comerford1
1

University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom

G08-O7 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM

87

Modern trade models (Arkolakis et al, 2012) provide micro-foundations for the empirical observation thatcity size and productivity are positively related. Agglomeration benefits in these models arise from a love ofvariety in consumption, or from a value of specialisation in production, with larger markets allowing a larger
suite of consumption goods or intermediate inputs. The effective returns to scale, and hence size of
agglomeration effects, in these models can be calibrated using spatial price differences (Simonovska &Waugh, 2014) or macroeconomic correlations across the business cycle (Backus et al, 1994). Typically
however, these models have a constant value for the parameter (substitution elasticity) thus estimated, sothat a doubling of city size always has the same proportionate benefit to average productivity whether it is alarge city or a small city that we are doubling.
Perhaps a more reasonable hypothesis is that this substitution elasticity is itself a function of scale.
Following Zhelobodko et al (2012), we consider a variable elasticity of substitution version of the Krugman(1980) model, and calibrate it to the more than 300 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in the US. Using
US data controls for institutional differences across units of observation. We control for observed
differences in human capital levels, and assume that trade flows between cities are given by a gravity
relationship (using a measure of “distance” proportional to travel time from google maps). MSAs can have alarge economic size either by being large, or by being well connected. What ‘substitution elasticity economic size’ relationship allows the model to best fit the observed pattern of economic size and per
capita output without relying on an unobserved TFP residual?
We find evidence that supports what Zhelobodko et al (2012) refer to as “increasing relative love for variety(RLV)". Increasing RLV generates pro-competitive effects as market size increases which means that
agglomeration benefits are exhausted as cities become very large. This has important policy implications as
it suggests that focusing intervention on creating scale for small populations is potentially more valuable
than further investments to increase market size in the largest population centres.

Urban resilience challenges: patterns resulted from an empirical investigation
Prof. Daniela-Luminita Constantin1, Dr. Cristina Serbanica2
1

Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, 2Constantin Brancoveanu University, Pitesti, Romania

S40-S4 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
See extended abstract online.

Spatial Productivity Analysis in Territorial Impact Assessments
Dr Andrea Conte
S69-S1 The spatial dimension of productivity (OECD Spatial Productivity Lab Special Session)
IUT_Room 101, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
RHOMOLO is the spatial computable general equilibrium model of the European Commission focusing on EU
regions. It has been developed and maintained by the Regional Economic Modelling team at the Joint
Research Centre (JRC) in Seville in cooperation with Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy (DG
REGIO). It is used for policy impact assessment and provides sector-, region- and time-specific simulations to
support the EU policy on investments as well as reforms covering a wide array of objectives.
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RHOMOLO covers all the EU NUTS 2 regions, disaggregating their economies into ten NACE rev.2 sectors,
with a constant effort on data updating and maintenance. All the monetary transactions in the economy areincluded in the model as a result of agents making optimising decision. Goods and services are consumed byhouseholds, governments, and firms, and are produced in markets that can be either perfectly or
imperfectly competitive. Spatial interactions between regions are captured through costly trade matrices ofgoods and services and factor mobility through migration and investments. This makes RHOMOLO
particularly well-suited for analysing policies related to investments in human capital, transport
infrastructure, and innovation.

Interpreting Leontief Multipliers using Exterior Products
Dr. Stephen Cooke1
1

University of Idaho, Moscow, United States

S53-S1 Breaking out of the Bubble - Teaching and Dissemination of Regional Science
UdL_Room 105, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Type I output multipliers summarize the results of an inverse matrix. An inverse matrix transforms of thepresent into the past. An economic explanation of an output multiplier as “the thing that takes you back” isdifficult. A complete economic interpretation must explain the economics within the mathematics within
the inverse matrix.
At a minimum, the interpretation must clarify the roles of output (Q), exports (X), imports (M) and theinterplay of domestic intermediate inputs (Z) in ways that are both internally consistent and externallycorrespondent. These criteria will require going beyond multipliers as an inverse matrix or a power series
algorithm of round-by-rounds mapped into vague notions of “direct and indirect effects.” Rather, it is shownthat within the mathematical complexity a sector’s output multiplier “simply” equals one plus the ratio of its
domestic (Z) to imported (M) inputs.
The “off-diagonal” interactions between sectors make calculating the output multipliers for even a twosector economy complex. The mathematical complexities are enough to lead to economic
misinterpretation. In a multi-sector input-output model, the co-factors are coefficients that sort out the
information provided by the off-diagonal elements. They do this by an exact accounting of all domestic
intermediate supply by sector used to meet a sector’s initial derived demand.
The exterior product approach to calculating inverse matrices, i.e., multipliers, is well known in mathematics
but seldom discussed by economists studying multipliers. The benefit of understanding exterior products is
the insights they provide into the roles different sets of coefficients play in reallocating and multiplying
within multipliers.

Cohesion Policy and sectoral growth in the Italian regions. A multi-input multi-output counterfactual
approach
Mr Gianluigi Coppola1, Prof. Sergio Destefanis
1

Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Statistiche - Università degli Studi di Salerno , Fisciano, Italy

S55-S1 The EU Cohesion Policy after 2020 – How to achieve faster and more impactful spending where it isneeded the most?
IUT_Room 303, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In the rather large literature on EU Structural Funds, an interesting line of research is growing (Becker et al.,Crescenzi-Giua, Fratesi et al., Pellegrini et al.), which applies counterfactual analysis in this field (mostly in across-sectional set-up). The present paper aims to identify effective practices and sectors of intervention for
89

EU funds, by analysing the effects on regional GDP per capita of an array of EU cohesion funds. We set up a
counterfactual analysis of the impact of EU on VA per capita through a control function approach in amacroeconometric panel framework. A further element of novelty in the present work vis-à-vis the existing
literature resides in the fact that the empirical analysis is carried out by considering the VA’s of various
sectorial aggregates (the four sectors agriculture, energy and manufacturing, construction, services, plus
some smaller aggregates: market services, non-market services, manufacturing, energy plus market
services). Sectorial VA’s are jointly modelled through a multi-input multi-output tranformation function(Kumbhakar, EJOR, 2012, 2013). This transformation function works well, having a fit that is higher than for
aggregate specifications, and uncovering sectorally differentiated effects. Sectoral evidence implies that EU
Funds generally favour services, while reducing the share of agriculture and (less so) of industry in theeconomy. Our sectoral evidence implies that ESF and (a bit less) national co-financing favour services, while
reducing the share of agriculture and (less so) of industry in the economy. ERDF and private investment do
not show any sectorial bias. National co-financing imparts a small bias (not shown below) in favour ofprivate services.

Mainstreaming Smart Specialisation in the EU R&I Framework Programme: challenges and opportunities.
A view from a policy maker’s perspective
Dr. Dimitri Corpakis1
1

SEERC South East European Research Centre / former European Commission, Thessaloniki, Greece

S13-S1 Mainstreaming Smart Specialisation across European Union policies: challenges, opportunities andtools
UdL_Room 106, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper focuses on the need for mainstreaming the concept of Smart Specialisation in the EU Framework
Programme for Research and Innovation to maximise its beneficial impact on European countries andregions, regardless of their degree of development of economic growth. The importance of innovation as
the backbone of European growth policies was stressed in particular in the context of the present
programming period (2014-20), both in the inception and architecture of the EU Research and Innovation
Framework Programme (Horizon 2020) but also and in particular in the context of Regional and Urban Policy(Cohesion Policy funding through the European Structural and Investment Funds). Cohesion Policy madeResearch and Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialisation (RIS3) a conditionality for Member States andRegions, in order to fund Research and Innovation productive investments through the ESIF. However,except for a few recitals in the institutional texts adopting Horizon 2020, no particular provisions were
foreseen in the FP pointing to effective interactions and synergies between Horizon 2020 and Smart
Specialisation Strategies, imposed nevertheless to all Member States in the context of the Structural Funds.
While this can be explained in institutional terms, essentially because of the conceptual origins of the two
programming frameworks, in operational terms this is rather an anomaly: although both Smart
Specialisation Strategies and the R&I FP share the objective of innovation based growth, the spatially blindprofile of the FP drives it to ignore the importance of a coordinated approach to innovation at European
level. Thus the significant potential for synergies between the two (2) frameworks is largely wasted. This
paper discusses ways to mainstream Smart Specialisation inside the R&I FP and transform it as key enabler
for an effective coordination between Cohesion and Research and Innovation Policies in the EU. To makethis process a success, relevant authorities implementing the two policies but also universities andbusinesses have to engage at national and local level in a process that goes well beyond the so-called
Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP) and connects relevant stakeholder experience together.

90

MNEs, industrial linkages and productivity spillovers in Europe
Dr. Nicola Cortinovis1, Ms. Lenka Wildnerova2, Mr. Alexander Lembcke2
1

Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2OECD, , France

S69-S4 The spatial dimension of productivity (OECD Spatial Productivity Lab Special Session)
IUT_Room 101, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The economic and international business literatures have for long time investigated the effects ofmultinational enterprises (MNEs) on the local economy. In this field, particular emphasis has been put on
spillover effects generated from the presence of MNEs, that allow local firms to tap in and benefit from thevaluable technological, cognitive and managerial assets of international firms. The empirical literature has
found significant evidence of these positive spillover effects, mostly affecting the productivity of local firms
in industries that are vertically related to MNEs. Whereas input-output (I-O) linkages are important channels
for knowledge diffusion, conceptually other forms of relations may also induce similar effects. In particular,
agglomeration economies literature suggests that knowledge can diffuse across industries even outside thescope of buyer-supplier relations. This paper addresses this issue, by providing a more comprehensive
approach for capturing spillovers using both industrial relatedness (Hidalgo et al. 2007) and input-output
linkages. In our empirical analysis, we focus on a panel of firms across 12 European countries over theperiod 2007-2015, based on Orbis Bureau van Dijk database. Using this data we study how the presence ofmultinational enterprises in the regional economy influence firm-level total factor productivity indomestically owned firms. Our preliminary results suggest that incoming multinationals do impact on
productivity of domestic firms. In particular, a higher presence of multinationals tends to negatively affectthe level of productivity of local firms in the same industry. We tentatively interpret such negative relation
as the consequence of tougher competition for factors (e.g. more skilled workers being hired by MNEs).
Differently, domestic firms benefit from a stronger presence of foreign enterprises in industries that arevertically related and inside the same region: this suggest MNE spillovers can contribute to productivity
improvements even in relatively advanced European countries. Interestingly, however, these effects do notmaterialize in the case of the service industry, pointing towards significant (spatial) heterogeneity in the
direction of the impact and intensity of MNE spillovers.

Geography of the wealth, time preference and commercialization of the Viager product
Mr Jean-Baptiste Coulomb1
1

Université Paris Dauphine, Paris, France

S37-S1 Geography of the real estate stock wealth and of its evolutions
IUT_Room 201, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Jean-Baptiste COULOMB**PSL Research University, Paris Dauphine University, DRM Finance
Keywords: Viager, Housing stock, Lifetime annuity, Ageing
A Viager real estate transaction, which can also be called a « lifetime annuity real estate » transaction,
consists in selling a property in return for a down payment and a lifetime annuity that the buyer has to pay
until the seller dies. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the geography of the wealth, of the time
preference and the commercialization of the viager product. The analysis is based on 2 678 transactions
from 2010 to 2018. It explores in particular the preference between a lifetime annuity and a down payment.
In our paper, we analyze French data by departments. Firstly, the potential viager wealth, estimated at 1059 billion euros in France, appears less concentrated across the departments compared to the total
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residential real estate wealth. This potential can vary between 8,6% and 33,5% of the total. The lower cases
correspond to very urban and metropolitan departments. The higher cases correspond to a mix between
departments confronted to a desertification process and littoral departments very attractive for retired
people.
Secondly, the analysis of the time preference (down-payment versus annuities) indicates that the distance
between buyers and sellers is not significant despite the existence of a local bias (buyers and sellers often
live in the same municipality). Results also show that when sellers are older or when the ownership rate ishigher in the municipality, annuity is preferred to down-payment. On the contrary, richer sellers preferdown payment.
Thirdly, the study of the time-on-market shows that the higher the time of commercialization, the lower the
final economic value is for the seller. The joint life expectancy also has an impact on the commercialization
process: younger sellers have a lower economic value as their right of use and habitation are higher.

The role of regional policy in achieving a sustainable convergence of regions. Perceptions of European
citizens of EU regional policy
Dr. Amalia Cristescu1
1

The Bucharest University Of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, 2National Scientific Research Institute for Labour
and Social Protection, Bucharest, Romania

G08-O7 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The role of EU regional policy is to reduce the inequalities which exist both between member states, andbetween regions within member states. Regional Policy targets all regions and cities in the European Union
in order to support job creation, business competitiveness, economic growth, sustainable development, andimprove citizens’ quality of life. The policies that promote economic, social and territorial convergence are
evaluated by their effectiveness in reducing regional disparities in the provision of equal opportunities forindividuals (reducing the gap between the levels of development of the various regions and intra-regional
disparities). EU Regional Policy is also a major instrument for the realisation of the EU’s "Europe 2020"
growth goals, which aim to create an smart and inclusive economic growth.
In the analysis of a policy, it is also very important how this policy is perceived by the citizens to whom it isaddressed. It is important if this policy is known to citizens, if they know the European projects throughwhich the policy is implemented, if they think it has a positive or negative impact, whether or not they havebenefited from such projects.
In this article, we also analyze how citizens perceive EU regional policy using data from a Eurobarometer
survey conducted in March 2017 at the level of 27.173 EU respondents from different social anddemographic groups. Taking into account the nature of our variables and the purpose of the study, we useda logistic regression model as econometric method. This analysis aims to create a profile of the European
citizen regarding the perception of the role, purpose and results of EU regional policy.

92

Related and unrelated diversification in crisis and in prosperity
Mr Zsolt Csáfordi1, Dr Károly Miklós Kiss2, Dr László Lőrincz2, Dr Balázs Lengyel2
1

Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Economics,
Budapest, Hungary

G08-YS1 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
IUT_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
How does technological relatedness influence the portfolio of multi-product firms hit by external shocks? To
answer this question, we look at the effect of product-specific demand shocks on product portfolios of firms
in Hungary in the 2005-2012 period. We use the technological relatedness measure calculated from productco-occurrences in firms, following the revealed relatedness methodology. We find that production havebecome more cohesive in terms of technological relatedness if firms were exposed to demand shocks,
whether these shocks affected their main or additional products. Evidence from firm-product level OLS
panel regressions with firm fixed effects suggests that portfolio adjustment takes place both on theextensive and intensive margin: firms exposed to demand shocks are more likely to drop or downsize
additional products not related to their main product and concentrate resources on related products. The
results also stay robust in a more rigorous firm-main product fixed-effects framework.

Labor supply and the business cycle: The “Bandwagon Worker Effect”
Mr Jaime Cuéllar Martín2, Prof. Ángel Luis Martín Román1, Prof. Alfonso Moral de Blas3
1

Universidad De Valladolid, Segovia, Spain, 2Universidad de Valladolid, Segovia, Spain, 3Universidad de Valladolid,
Segovia, Spain

G05-O5 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The aim of this paper is to analyze how the relationship between the business cycle and the labor force
participation may be influenced by “social effects”. The so-called “Bandwagon Effect” (BE) is now animportant element to better understand the demand for goods and services (Leibenstein, 1950). As thelabor supply is, in the end, a demand for leisure, we deem that the BE might be also operating in the labormarket. In this paper, we construct a theoretical model coining a new concept, the Bandwagon Worker
Effect (BWE). In this way, we test empirically whether the BWE is a significant factor, when considered
together with the Added Worker Effect (AWE) and the Discouraged Worker Effect (DWE), to better
understand cyclical movements in labor supply.
First we elaborate a microeconomic decision model, in which the AWE is conceptualized as an income effectand the DWE as an effect depending on the expectations of finding a job. The next step is incorporating the
BWE within the previous theoretical framework, under the assumption that the BWE is a social effect.
Another important feature that adds to the originality of this paper is that we make use of conventional
spatial econometrics techniques to do that (Moran´s I). Moreover, the empirical test is derived
straightforwardly from the theoretical framework, so we assume here that geographical neighborhood is atool to capture the degree and the intensity of the “social effects”.
The results obtained show a positive and significant global spatial dependence in the cyclical sensitivity of
the labor force participation rates in the Spanish provinces (NUTS-3 regions). According to our theoretical
approach, this finding proves that the BWE is a key phenomenon to help understand the overall functioningof the aggregate labor market. This result is robust to two different neighborhood criteria and two different
trend-cycle decompositions of time series.
93Moreover, we also find that, as the neighborhood definition becomes laxer, the strength of the “social
effect” diminishes.
Finally, our work suggests some policy recommendations. In this sense, policy makers should take into
account that there are geographical spillover effects affecting labor supply. In this vein, spatial areas,
instead of single spatial units, should be the economic policy target when devising policy actions thought toimprove problems related to the cyclical pattern in labor supply.

Urban development and smart specialization by Regio in Bucharest- Ilfov region
Ms Simona Curpan1
1

Bucharest-Ilfov Regional Development Agency, Bucharest, Romania

G07-O4 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The regional development policy is a policy of solidarity, meaning a policy for people, its purpose being tocreate working places, to increase the competitiveness level and the potential for innovation.
In Bucharest-Ilfov region from Romania, continuing the networking process within the sustainable
development context with new members and new communication activities is important because all theactors of regional policy must cooperate to develop the network communication in order to attract more
European Union funds to finances smart sustainable projects
The paper aims to analyze how the regional policy was implemented in Bucharest-Ilfov region, tofollow REGIO–Regional Operational Program indicators regarding the urban regeneration.
The methodology consists in the comparative analysis of the cohesion programs, especially REGIOwith concrete examples of REGIO projects.
In this paper, I consider important the partnerships of the local authorities and other actors fromdevelopment and innovation policy for the efficiency of EU funds as one of the challenges for urban
regeneration and innovation in Bucharest-Ilfov region.

Regional disparities in the European Union: the role of institutional quality
Prof. Eleonora Cutrini1
1

Unimc / Università Degli Studi Di Macerata, Macerata, Italy

G22-O2 Institutions
IUT_Room 303, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The attention to regional income inequality in Europe rebounded after the global financial crisis and focusedon the different capacity of regions to overcome the Great recession. The characteristics ensuring regional
resilience were deeply investigated (Martin, 2012; Martin et al., 2016) and one of the issues at the heart ofthe current debate is the question whether heterogeneous structural change is a driving force ofdivergence.
In a recent work (Cutrini, 2019) we provide evidence that European regions are scattered in five separate
groups converging to their own steady state paths. Results suggest that the divergence among clusters is
explained quite well by the structural characteristics of regions and their initial conditions. Particularly, asolid manufacturing base and specialization in high-productivity services both enhance growth, while lowskilled services are less relevant or even deteriorate growth prospects.
Sharing the view that institutions matter for regional development (Rodríguez-Pose, 2013; Ezcurra and Rios,
2019), this paper extends the previous analysis and examines the relationship between institutional quality
94and regional disparities in the European Union. To this purpose, we conduct an empirical analysis toevaluate whether the quality of government can indeed explain to which club the region converges during
the period 2003-2016.
We collected a panel data on per capita income covering 274 EU regions during the period 2003-2016. For
the covariates related to structural variables and human capital we refer to regional economic accounts,
regional branch accounts, regional education statistics (Source: Eurostat). To measure institutional quality
we use data on European Quality of Government Index (EQI), which has recently been constructed on thebasis of the perceptions and experiences of European citizens on the quality, impartiality and level ofcorruption in education, public health care and law enforcement (Charron et al., 2014, 2015). We address
endogeneity and econometric drawbacks by means of the dynamic panel generalized method of moments(GMM) estimator devised by Blundell and Bond (1998).
Main references:
Charron, N., Dijkstra, L. and Lapuente, V. (2014): Regional governance matters: quality of government within
European Union member states, Regional Studies 48 (1), 68-90
Cutrini, E. (2019), Economic integration, structural change, and uneven development in the European Union,
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Forthcoming
Ezcurra R., Rios V. (2019), Quality of government and regional resilience in the European Union. Evidence
from the Great Recession, Papers in Regional Science
Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2013), Do Institutions Matter for Regional Development?, Regional Studies, 47(7),1034–1047

Endogenous growth in a spatial economy
Prof Danny Czamanski1, Dr Dani Broitman, Prof. Itzhak Benenson
1

Western Galilee College, Acre, Israel

S27-S1 Entropy, Complexity and Spatial Dynamics: A Rebirth of Theory?
MILC_Room 309, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The Lucas paradox points out that contrary to the general equilibrium model, capital does not flow fromrich to poor economies. We resolve the paradox by focusing on the self-organizing nature of modern
economies that leads to prolonged far from equilibrium conditions. We propose a model with local positive
feedbacks that tend to possess a multiplicity of asymptotic states or possible emergent structures. We study
growth processes and periodic fluctuations that arise endogenously within a system of cities. At the sametime our model addresses simultaneously two stylized facts concerning cities. Under certain conditions, ourmodel generates entire life-cycles for individual cities. At the same time, it produces a power law for an
assemblage of cities.
We present a dedicated agent-based model that includes several types of agents including, firms that makedecisions what to produce and whether to hire additional workers and individuals that make decisions
whether to migrate and become entrepreneurs as an alternative to working for existing firms. Migration
generates innovative activities. Newcomers have better chances to boost innovation, and therefore a firm
receiving new employees have a higher chance to realize the next big idea. However, innovation also decays
with time. Based on existing human capital within an economy, the adjacent possible is the set of all entities
that can be produced within an evolutionary system in each successive step. It is the set of ideas that are
one step away from ideas that actually exist and generate incremental modifications and re-combinations of
the existing ideas. Thus, development is driven by entrepreneurial actions that introduce technologicalinnovations creating new products, services and production processes. The characteristic non-linear,combinatorial interactions can cascade and reach magnitudes causing industrial transformations, termed by95

Schumpeter creative destruction. In the absence of innovations, the economy will slip into a stationary
equilibrium state.

Agglomeration economies and real estate investment: intra-urban dynamics in US cities
Dr. Michiel Nicolaas Daams1, Prof. dr. Philip McCann2, Dr. Paolo Veneri3, Dr. Dennis Schoenmaker4, Prof. dr.
Richard Barkham5
1

University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, 2University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, 3OECD, Paris,
France, 4AEW, London, United Kingdom, 5CBRE, Boston, United States

S39-S1 Understanding urbanisation at a global scale: definitions and empirical analyses (OECD and European
Commission)
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper measures potential agglomeration economies within 17 US cities. Our analysis extends otherstudies, which tend to consider differentials in productivity or wages at the level of cities, by adopting an
intra-metropolitan scale. Intra-metropolitan areas that potentially harbor agglomeration economies are
scrutinized based on fine-scale densities of economic production and real estate investments. Indeed, urban
economic theory suggest that if firms gain productivity from density this is reflected in land values – and, byconsequence, in property yields, reflecting the relative price at which investors buy commercial buildings
and associated rental income flows. To classify areas where agglomeration economies may be present, weapply a sophisticated clustering model on the locations of investment-grade properties, offices, thattransacted during 2003-2015 at a combined value of one trillion US dollars. The resultant clusters are jointly
analyzed with information on local employment density. Regression analysis is then used to estimate
whether yields vary between office buildings in buoyant or less buoyant clusters and lesser agglomerated
city subareas. If so, this may provide evidence of local agglomeration economies. This study’s findings
combines thinking in urban economics and real estate economics, and special attention is paid to theconsistency of our comparative analysis across cities of different shape and density. Our findings may be
relevant to policy makers and market actors who seek to identify the economic development potential of
cities.

Elders’ Pedestrian Accessibility to Local Urban Opportunities: the Case of FoodNet Project Research on
Food Services in Milan
Dr. Luca Daconto1, Dr. Simone Caiello1, Prof. Matteo Colleoni11

University Of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy

S07-S1 Transportation and Mobility in an Ageing Society. Perspectives, Trends and Drivers
IUT_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The paper proposes a method for analysing the levels of walkability offered to the elderly population andpresents the results of its application to the case of the municipality of Milan. The method has beendeveloped in the framework of the FoodNET research project, whose aim is to build an online platform able
to provide guidelines and technologies to improve elders’ access to food in the city.
The presentation of the method, based on the use of open data and GIS, and of the results, focused on theidentification of socio-spatial inequalities and of disadvantaged areas in terms of walkability, is preceded bya review of the relationship between pedestrian mobility and the elderly people’s quality of life, of thedeterminants of walkability and the techniques used in the research for its detection.

96

Museums’ commitment to immigrant integration: A quantitative analysis
Dr. Enrico E. Bertacchini2, Dr. Chiara Dalle Nogare1, Dr. Raffaele Scuderi3
1

University of Brescia, , Italy, 2University of Turin, , Italy, 3Kore University of Enna, , Italy

S69-S3 The spatial dimension of productivity (OECD Spatial Productivity Lab Special Session)
IUT_Room 101, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
We exploit the rich information provided by the 2015 Italian museum census to investigate the factors
associated to a greater probability for a museum to address immigrant audiences, with a special focus on
their size and dynamics and the relevance of the anti-immigrant sentiment in the local context of reference.
We proxy the latter with the municipal vote shares for the parties with an anti-immigrant agenda in the2013 national elections. While our evidence on the role of immigrant demography is not robust, Lega Nord
vote share is found to have a significantly negative, sizable coefficient. We control for a number of context
variables and some specific museum characteristics, some of which (size, age, type of collection) turn out tobe positively associated to a museum’s commitment to immigrant integration. Our analysis is one of thefirst considering the consequences, in terms of implemented spending policies, of the recent surge of
populist right-wing sentiments and parties in Europe. We conducted it avoiding adopting the traditional
political economy empirical framework where quantitative aggregate fiscal spending indicators are on theleft hand side of the model and the left-right dimension of the ruling party is on the right hand side. In fact,in our view, the adoption of such an approach may lead to an underestimation of the impact for two distinct
reasons. One is the use of quantitative aggregate policy indicators, such as spending in general or spending
for a certain budget item: in fact, policy is not just on how much money you spend, but also or on what you
spend it within each policy domain. The other reason, highlighted by Schumacher and van Kersbergen(2016), is that there may be an impact irrespective of the fact that anti-immigrant parties are on power. In
fact, the surge of populism activates a self-censorship attitude towards their preferred political choices in
the parties confronting them, a standard Downsian effect.

What factors drive the savings in the amount of water used in the U.S. agriculture?: an input-output
approachProf. Sandy Dall'erba1, Dr Andre Avelino
1

University Of Illinois At Urbana-champaign, Urbana, United States

S67-S1 Sustainability, water and energy use in the productive sectors: tourism, services, industry, agriculture
and administrations
MILC_Room 409, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Recent studies on the impact of climate change anticipate a significant decrease in both the availability andquality of water resources in the next half-century, which will directly impact domestic and international
food supply chain linkages. In the U.S., agricultural production requires less irrigated water than in the past
but it is still responsible for more than a third of total water withdrawals. To better understand theevolution of water use in this sector, we perform a structural decomposition analysis over the 1995-2010
period using the Exiobase 3 database. More precisely, we emphasize i) the evolution of water withdrawals
for 8 different crops and 6 livestock categories, ii) the difference in results from using the observed water
consumption data from the U.S. Geological Survey vs. Hoekstra’s water footprint data, and iii) the trends inthe pre-crisis period (1995-2005) and after it (2005-2010). Our results show that the pre-crisis period
experienced an overall decline in water withdrawals but oil seed crops (which include soybeans) increased
their water use primarily because of greater water intensity and changes in international interindustrial
trade patterns. This increase persisted in the post-2005 period but was driven primarily by direct exports to97

industries and changes in the average global expenditure structure. We also find that the evolution in the
production structure of the U.S. food manufacturing sector contributed to an increase in water use inagriculture pre-2005 but to a decrease post-2005. Livestock has also shown a decline in water use during
the entire period, mainly driven by the dynamics in water use for cattle (beef and milk cows). Overall, theseresults will help develop future water-saving strategies in the U.S. as the country, like its trade partners, willmeet increasing challenges to secure food availability in the face of climate change.

The U.S. Interstate Trade Will Overcome the Negative Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Profit
Prof. Sandy Dall'erba1
1

University Of Illinois At Urbana-champaign, Urbana, United States

S32-S1 Spatial CGE, land use and transport modeling
IUT_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Climate change will increase the occurrence of droughts as well as their impact on agriculture. However,this paper demonstrates how domestic trade will overcome the adverse effect of drought on U.S.
agricultural profit. Based on recent trade flow data of agricultural commodities and detailed droughtrecords, our gravity model highlights that exports increase if more drought happens in the destination stateand inversely if in the origin state. As a result, the general equilibrium agricultural profit depends on both
local and trade partners’ weather conditions. Projections suggest that trade will act as a $14.5 billion
adaptation tool in the future.

Unpacking migrants' pro-trade effect: evidence from Italian provinces
Dr. Anna D'Ambrosio1
1

Polytechnic Of Turin, Turin, Italy

S41-S5 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
A growing literature studies migrants' contribution to the internationalization of regions (Gould, 1994;
Rauch and Trinidade, 2002; Wagner et al., 2002; Felbermayr et al., 2015; Burchardi et al., 2018). Migrants
are supposed to promote trade by facilitating the flow of information between the trade partners and bysustaining the enforcement of contracts.
However, only a few studies (Peri and Requena-Silvente, 2010; Briant et al., 2014; Burchardi et al., 2018;
Bratti et al., 2018) sought to disentangle the mechanism underlying such
effect while undertaking a sub-national focus. Drawing on rich transaction-level data on Italian exports
provided by the ISTAT, we seek to dig deeper into the understanding of
the mechanism underlying migrants' pro-trade effect, focusing on Italian NUTS3 regions.
Transaction-level data allow identifying differential effects of migration on the number of transactions vis-avis the average value per transaction; they allow aggregating transactions
according to the level of differentiation of the goods exchanged, which should be informative about the
informational content of the good (Rauch, 2001; Rauch and Trinidade, 2002); and they allow aggregatingtransactions by technological intensity of the sectors of the trading firm.
We employ a gravity model of international trade (Anderson and van Wincoop, 2003; Head and Mayer,
2014; Chaney, 2008) augmented with migration where we allow for differentiated exporting capacity of
Italian provinces (Bratti et al., 2018; Burchardi et al., 2018), differentiated importing capacity of the partnercountries, and for heterogeneity in trading at the region (NUTS2)-country level.
98

We document a robust effect of both immigrants and emigrants on trade value and on the number oftransactions, but not on the average transaction value. The results are consistent with the idea that
migrants bridge the fixed, rather than the variable costs of trade (Chaney, 2008; Peri and Requena-Silvente,2010). The effect is stronger for differentiated goods and for lower-tech sectors. Overall, the results suggestthat migrants' effect is primarily an information effect that bridges the realization of new traderelationships, rather than increasing their value, which applies to sectors of relatively accessible
informational content.
Moreover, our results reveal that migrants' effects correlate with the province exporting capacity,
consistent with Bratti et al. (2018), suggesting a role for migrants in exports that
goes beyond the effect on bilateral trade costs onto the productivity of the firms in the region.

Pedestrian accessibility of services as a measure of territorial cohesion at the local level
Dr. Lukasz Damurski1, Dr. Jacek Pluta2, Dr. Wawrzyniec Zipser1
1

Wroclaw University Of Science And Technology, Wroclaw, Poland, 2University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland

G06-O6 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Territorial cohesion is a concept prevailing the EU political discourse since the 1990’s. However, its
implementation in practice presents a big challenge to policy makers at various levels of public
administration. One important strand of territorial cohesion is citizen access to affordable public
infrastructure services. Even where supply networks are built and problems of accessibility reduced,
affordability issues may occur as market-oriented provision in areas associated with lower profitability
means that citizens bear the extra costs.
In this paper we try to answer the questions of accessibility and affordability of essential everyday services(e.g. local shops, personal services, finance, education, healthcare, public transport etc.) in urbanneighbourhoods. Analysing the 32 territorial cohesion indicators established by ESPON (2012) we adapted 3of them to the local scale: access to public services, access to market services, access to urban public
transport. In order to conduct empirical research, we developed a three-step method of measuring
accessibility of services: 1) a thorough inventory of selected locations, including delimitation of researchareas, typology of services and their location; 2) social surveys (paper and pencil interviews) among two
groups of respondents: residents and users of public spaces; 3) extensive mapping data, including spatial
distribution of neighbourhood population and paths for pedestrian movement.
The empirical data was collected in the years 2017-2019 in 5 locations in Poland representing various
geographical settings (large cities, medium towns and suburban areas). A total of 618 social surveys was
conducted among two (partly overlapping) groups of respondents: residents and users of public spaces. It
provided detailed information on the average distances in everyday travels to essential local services andthe most popular means of transport. Then, a GIS-based accessibility analysis was conducted for pedestrian
movement, enabling the verification of residents’ opinions and offering particular statistics on the percent
of population within the preferred time zone (5 minutes of walking) and the acceptable time zone (10minutes of walking).
The results of the research provide particular insight into the scalability of the territorial cohesion concept.
Indeed, the indicators of territorial cohesion can be adapted to the local context of urban neighbourhood,offering reliable and comparable information on pedestrian accessibility of everyday services for citizens invarious geographical settings (big cities, medium cities and suburban areas). The results prove also the highimportance of local service centres in shaping the livability of urban environment.

99

Too small to be beautiful? Challenges and struggles in Italian “Inner Areas”
Romina D'Ascanio1, Prof Anna Laura Palazzo1
1

Roma Tre University, Department of Architecture, Rome, Italy

S47-S2 Maintenance and regeneration of the territory and the city as an occasion for their ecologicaltransformation
MILC_Room 409, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The so-called ‘Inner Areas’ have been defined by the Ministry of Economy in 2012 as areas far away fromurban centers and a full range of facilities such as education, mobility and healthcare services, suffering overthe last decades from depopulation and ageing, poor job and welfare opportunities.
Measures targeted at safeguarding and rehabilitating inner areas, that make up for approximately 60% of
the country’s surface area and 13.5 million people, have been deemed necessary to counteract negative
demographic trends.
Heritage and nature are both at stake, due to high presence of small historic cities gathering dense andcomplex heritage assets, and protected areas as well. When it comes to the institution of protected areas,
conservation issues are to be met with sustainable living and settlement requirements in order tocounteract demographic trends. As a matter of fact, Italy, with almost 3 million hectares and over 10% of
protected areas, has made a relevant contribution to the implementation of the Natura 2000 European
network.
In the Lazio Region, covered with protected areas for about 11%, the very idea of park lends itself to a
positive dialogue between the natural sciences and the humanities. This contribution will delve into themainstream debate related to the Inner areas, stressing some considerations in the case of the Natural
Reserve of the Navegna and Cervia Mountains, set apart from the Roman metropolitan area but closeenough to benefit from its agglomerations economies. Inhere the main actor, the Park itself, is struggling topromote an inclusive approach addressing both territorial production and landscape reproduction,encouraging bottom-up development paths drawing upon the natural capital and its vast reservoir of
biodiversity.

Why is the urban wage premium larger for women?
Dr. Sabine D'Costa1, Prof. Almudena Sevilla2
1

University Of Westminster, London, United Kingdom, 2University College London, London, United Kingdom

G05-R1 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper contributes to the urban wage premium literature by looking at gender differences as a new,important source of heterogeneity in agglomeration economies. This paper is the first to document genderdifferences in the urban wage premium using a large representative panel of workers recording theirpersonal and job characteristics as well as their transitions across labour markets and to explain the
differences in light of existing theories.
We use a large and representative panel of workers in Great Britain based on the ASHE/NES survey(sampling 1% of workers) covering the years 1998-2008. We follow the existing literature estimating theurban wage premium using fixed effects on large microeconomic datasets of workers’ wages. This controls
for time-invariant unobserved factors at the worker level such as unobserved ability, ambition or
productivity that may affect whether a worker locates in a city. Before controlling for sorting, we find thatthe urban wage premium is the same for men and women. Once sorting is taken into account using worker
fixed effects, we document that the urban wage premium is 43% greater for female workers than for maleworkers. Results are robust after controlling for time-varying heterogeneity using IV methods. Given that100

current estimates in the literature are based on males, i.e. approximately half of the work force, the first
benefit is to ascertain the extent to which the actual premium is underestimated in previous studies.
Further contribution comes from being able to document gender differences more reliably than waspreviously done using worker fixed effects since we observe a large number of workplace transitions in alarge representative panel of workers. This enables us to compare our estimates with the rest of theempirical literature on the urban wage premium.
The richness of our data enables us to then explore various channels that can theoretically explain thegender differences in urban wage premium. In particular, we uncover the importance of sorting of moreproductive workers into cities, which is more pronounced for men than women. The large remaining genderdifference is then investigated. Our results suggest that other channels resulting from agglomeration
economies present in cities are at play.

Using path analysis to uncover intra-Household Travel Behaviour Effects of Home-Telework in GreatBritain
Prof. João De Abreu E Silva1, Prof Patricia Melo2
1

Ceris, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade De Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 2ISEG - Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa,
Portugal

G(01+02)-O2 Mobility and Digital Transformations
IUT_Room 408, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Home-based telework (or telecommuting) has been consistently growing and it is considered by several
policymakers as an attractive travel demand management strategy. Therefore it has been the subject of a
substantial amount of literature. Contrary to the expectancy of policy makers, the more recent empiricalevidence suggests that the potential of telework to reduce total vehicle travel is at best weak. This results ina great part from the effects on non-work related trips, travel mode choice, and household residential
location, all of which can diminish the scope for a net reduction in travel. Home telework has implications
not only for the travel behaviour of the teleworker, but also for the other household members, in particular
the teleworker’s partner. One possible intra-household effect of home telework is that it can encourage
residential relocation closer to the workplace of the non-teleworker household member, reducing his/hercommute and possibly also the household total commute. There can also be effects resulting from changes
in the allocation and sharing of activities and the associated travel between household members (e.g.
escorting children to school, shopping). It is not obvious a priori whether the overall net effect of hometeleworking on other (non-teleworking) household members should be positive or negative, and otherfactors, e.g. land use characteristics, may play a role here.
This work develops a path analysis model for two-worker households in Great Britain using data from the
National Travel Survey for the period between 2005 and 2012. It investigates the presence of intrahousehold effects of home-based telework on the number of weekly trips and miles travelled by transportmode of teleworkers and their partners by implementing a path analysis model with instrumental variables,to account for endogenous relationships in the chain of decisions relating residence and work location land
use characteristics, car ownership, home telework and travel patterns. Preliminary results suggest there arepotential intra-household interactions in the context of two-worker households engaging in home-based
telework and thathome telework appears to be relatively neutral in terms of its impact on car travel, suggesting that telework
might be ineffective at reducing total miles travelled.

101

Housing market and migration revisited: a multilevel gravity model for Dutch municipalities
Dr. Thomas De Graaff1
1

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

S41-S4 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This paper revisits the impact of the housing market structure on interregional migration, but adopts analternative modeling approach to migration flows between cities. The starting point is a gravity model, butinstead of using fixed effects for cities of origin and destination, I use a multilevel mixed effects approachallowing me to simultaneously model migration flow characteristics and the cities of origin and destination
characteristics. This approach has two main advantages. First, it allows for simultaneous estimation of the
impact of city characteristics on migration flows, where the impact is not necessarily symmetrical for cities
of origin and destination. Second, it allows for prediction of migration flows between cities both in and outof sample. Preliminary results show that homeownership decrease migration flows significantly with anelasticity below -1. Municipal social renting rate has a negative impact as well, but its elasticity is close tozero.

Social protecion and the economic crisis: cyclical government expenditure in the OECD
Dr. María Jesús Delgado Rodríguez1, Dr. Sonia de Lucas Santos2
1

Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain, 2Universidad Autonóma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

G15-O2 Segregation, Social and Spatial Inequalities
IUT_Room 205, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This research examines whether OECD social expenditures have converged since 1980 to 2016 or they show
divergent trajectories in the wake of the economic crisis. Based on the data from OECD Social Expenditure
Database (SOCX), we employ dynamic factor model analysis and recursive estimation in order to examine
the countercyclical effect of social expenditure during the last economic crisis and the existence of cyclicalconvergence in social expenditures in the OECD countries. We find out that social expenditures have apositive effect in shortening the length of the crisis though we find differences across countries and social
expenditure composition. Our findings also provide evidence that convergence is mainly driven by
globalization and European Union membership and that the economic crisis has given rise to significant
challenges to the wellfare state.

Spatial spillovers of the cultural employment growth in Brazilian municipalities
PhD Luiz Carlos de Santana Ribeiro1, PhD Thiago Henrique Carneiro Rios Lopes2, PhD Amir Borges Ferreira
Neto3, Miss Fernanda Rodrigues dos Santos1
1

Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brasil, 2University of Salvador, Salvador, Brazil, 3West Virginia University,
Morgantown, United States

G18-O1 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The creative and cultural industries have been growing faster than traditional industries over the last few
decades. For instance, in Brazil reports by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) informed
over 30% growth of gross output and value added between 2003-2005 and 2007-2010 periods. In addition,102

there has been over 10% increase in formal workforce in these industries for the both periods. However,most the literature on these industries in Brazil is still scarce, especially considering all municipalities at thesame time in an economic and spatial perspective. The expansion of data availability in conjunction with
software development contributed to the increase of empirical studies in cultural economics across theglobe. This paper aims to measure the level of specialization, urbanization and diversification externalities
on the cultural employment growth rate in Brazilian municipalities between 2006 and 2016. To do so,
spatial econometric models are used. The main results show that there are no spatial associations regarding
to cultural employment growth in Brazilian municipalities between 2006 and 2016 in none of the spatial
econometrics models used. These results are important because, although there is evidence in theinternational literature that artists agglomerate in space and this is in their benefit, this was not the case forthe cultural sector in Brazil between 2006 and 2016.The lack of complementarity of this sector, associate to
the lack of incentives for its development, particularly in small municipalities, helps to explain our results.

Does Broadband Internet Promote Borrowed Size?
Mr Duco de Vos1, Dr. Urban Lindgren2, Dr. Evert Meijers1, Dr. Maarten van Ham1
1

TU Delft, Delft, Nederland, 2Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden

S03-S1 Engaging with the Digital World: the effects for society, places and individuals
IUT_Room 404, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Borrowed size refers to the idea that small cities nearby larger metropolitan centres are able to reap theadvantages of large agglomerations, without the agglomeration costs. This study explores whether
broadband internet helps such smaller cities to enjoy the labour market benefits of a larger city. Using
Swedish micro-data from 2007-2015, together with unique data on broadband, our results suggest thatbroadband allows smaller cities to reap such benefits indeed. We find that borrowed size is primarily driven
by the overall penetration of broadband in the place of residence, rather than by broadband availability at
the residence.

A Configuration Approach of Entrepreneurship and Regional Development
Prof. Marcus Dejardin1, Dr. Éva Komlósi2, Mr. Balázs Páger3, Prof. László Szerb4
1

CERPE - University of Namur and LIDAM CIRTES - UCLouvain, , Belgium, 2MTA-PTE Innovation and Economic Growth
Research Group, University of Pécs, , Hungary, 3Centre for Economic and Regional Studies Hungarian Academy of
Sciences, , Hungary, 4University of Pécs, , Hungary

S19-S1 Regional Entrepreneurship Policy
UdL_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The contribution focuses on a configurational approach to regional performance in terms of economic
development in Europe. In particular, it examines whether differentiated contributions from what havebeen identified as the pillars of entrepreneurship can be associated with similar regional economic
development. In doing so, the contribution questions the idea that there would be a unique formula
associating entrepreneurship and regional development. Is it about being relatively good in all the factors
involved in entrepreneurship development to stand out in terms of performance, or a variety ofconfigurations - some strong factors coming in compensation for others weaker - can lead to similar
performances? If so, results confirming the variety of configurations would suggest the possibility ofdifferentiated trajectories nevertheless yielding comparable results.

103

Digital tools: tools for tourism actors to reconsider their destinations? The case of France
Amina Bekkouche1, Professor Marie Delaplace1
1

Université Paris-Est-Marne-la-Vallée Research Group City Tourism, Transport and Territory, LabEX Urban futures,Champs Sur Marne, France

S04-S1 The digital transformation of tourism in the city
IUT_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The digital revolution modifies tourist behaviour by what it is called E-tourism. According to Mc Kinsey(2015) tourism is the economic sector in which the digital transformation is the strongest. Similarly, CESE
emphasizes that tourism has been a pioneer sector of digital change (Cabrespines and Wargnie, 2017). Witha computer and an internet connection, booking a room or building a tourism circuit is currently done via
internet before the departure. But since a couple of years, it is also M-Tourism, i.e. the use of mobile
technologies in the tourism sector that is growing. These mobile devices can be used in tourism before thetrip but also during the tourism trip and inside the destination. In a context in which the competition
between destinations is more and more fierce, tourism offices try to increase the attractiveness of theterritory and tourist flows and are seeking to innovate. They set up strategies around reception services andequip them with digital tools (Wifi, touch terminals, screens ... etc.). Indeed, "innovations in ICT have beencatalysts of innovation in tourism" (Gallouj and Leroux 2011, 220). The actors of tourist destination also
develop their strategies around digital tools (augmented reality, virtual reality, QR code, mobile
applications...). They are tools for innovation and creativity in order to stand out among themselves. The
aim of this communication is to study how these different digital tools are used by French public tourism
stakeholders (tourism offices (OT), Departmental Committees of Tourism (CDT) and Tourist Development
Agencies (ADT)). The literature highlights that these digital technologies offer many opportunities to build
the destination of tomorrow, a smart destination (Buhalis and Amaranggana, 2013; Gretzel et al., 2015).
Based on the French case, we want to analyze how these tools conduct public tourism stakeholders toeffectively reconsider the tourist destinations for which they are responsible. For this, two complementary
methodologies have been used: questionnaires and semi-structured interviews.
We show that public tourism actors are rethinking their destinations through digital tourism strategies,
particularly through mobile tourist applications. They wish to improve the experience of the tourist stay.
More precisely, the public actors of tourism in France focus on the development of applications for the visit,
including the applications of routes and hikes, the discovery of heritage and nature. Some tourism offices
also collect data providing information on tourist practices. However, we show that it is not common among
public actors of tourism.

A comparative study of the effect of innovation on internationalization in European firms
PhD. Mª De Loreto Delgado González1, PhD. Javier Gamero1, PhD. Juan Antonio Martínez Román1, PhD. Juan
Aurelio Tamayo1
1

University Of Seville, Sevilla, Spain

G08-O1 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The effect the uncertainty and risk associated with internationalization is a topic of current interest(Buckley, 2016) which underscores the value of risk management in exporting firms (Cavusgil and Knight,
2015; Johanson and Vahlne, 2009). The complexity of international markets increases the level of
uncertainty (Knight and Cavusgil, 2004) and the danger of knowledge leakage (Kafouros et al., 2008).
104However, it is also true that innovation can raise the level of uncertainty and risk when the introduction of
new products is decisive for the positioning of a firm in international markets. In this line of investigation,
our study seeks three objectives. Firstly, it aims to analyze the effect of product innovation on geographicalextension of the market, both at a community level and in different European countries in order to compare
the national effect. The second objective is to analyze the variation of uncertainty in market extension when
the level of innovation rises, both on a community level and in different countries. Indeed, innovation may
drive internationalization, for this reason, in third place, the internal and external bases for innovation are
analyzed using a conceptual model. This model will be contrasted on a community level and by countries,
and a comparative analysis will be carried out on national models.
The results of the empirical study indicate that market extension conditioned to innovation level is avariable whose average value is growing. A finer analysis leads us to calculate the empirical curve ofregression using conditioned means, and the standard deviation for each innovative level. The results show
a significant non-linear relationship between product innovation and expected market extension, with agreater positive impact on market extension when an initially non-innovating firm adopts novelties ortechnological improvements, a reduced impact when changing from firm-level to market-level innovation,
and an even lesser impact when beginning to carry out both types of innovation. This finding on acommunity level is analyzed comparatively on a national level in order to determine the effect of a country’s
economic characteristics on the typical conditioned means and deviations that analytically determine thisrelationship, with interesting results for the policy and management of firms in Europe. Finally, the results
show a prevalence of internal variables over external ones; among these variables, those related to market
are more influential than those defining institutional support of innovation in Europe, though certain
significant differences exist between countries.

Tax fraud detection through neuronal networks: an application using a sample of personal income
taxpayers
Dr. María Jesús Delgado Rodríguez1, Mr. César Pérez López3, Dr. Sonia de Lucas Santos2
1

Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain, 2Universidad Autonóma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 3Universidad Rey Juan
Carlos -Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Madrid, Spain

G03-O1 Big Data and Regional Science
IUT_Room 408, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The goal of the present research is to contribute to detection of tax fraud concerning personal income tax
returns (IRPF, in Spanish) filed in Spain, through the use of Machine Learning advanced predictive tools, byapplying Multilayer Perceptron neural network (MLP) models. The possibilities springing from thesetechniques have been applied to a broad range of personal Income return data supplied by the Institute of
Fiscal Studies (in Spanish, Instituto de Estudios Fiscales IEF). The use of the networks enabled taxpayer
segmentation as well as calculation of the probability concerning an individual taxpayer’s propensity toattempt to evade tax. The results showed that the selected model has an efficiency rate of 84.3%, implying
improvement in relation to other models utilized in tax fraud detection. The proposal can be generalised toquantify an individual’s propensity to commit fraud as regards other kinds of taxes. These models will
support tax offices to arrive at the best decisions regarding action plans to combat tax fraud.

105

Cohesion Policy and SMEs : Boosting the absorption of EU Cohesion Policy Funds through Financial
Engineering Instruments
Mr Georgios Papastamatiou1, Mr Lefteris Podimatas1, Mrs Vassiliki Delitheou1
1

Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece

S55-S2 The EU Cohesion Policy after 2020 – How to achieve faster and more impactful spending where it isneeded the most?
IUT_Room 303, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Strengthening the use of financial engineering instruments (FEIs) both during the programming period 20072013 and the current 2014-2020 has provided a valuable contribution towards increasing the effectivenessand efficiency of the available EU cohesion policy budget achieving through the recycling of StructuralFunds resources to promote their sustainability and through co-operation between public and private
sector, mobilization of additional funds and dissemination of experience and know-how between Regionaland national authorities, financial intermediaries and final beneficiaries.
Additionally, compared to traditional grants, FEIs have led to a better use of public resources and limitationof dependence between final beneficiaries and public support as funding must be repaid and guarantees
must be released or in case of investments in equity must be returned, a fact that has corresponding impact
to the behavior of the final recipients.
Taking into account that the available budget for cohesion policy after 2020 is limited due to theforthcoming exit of United Kingdom from the E.U., further use and utilization of FEIs concentrates thosedesirable characteristics to offset the limited availability of cohesion policy resources through leverage andmobilization of additional public or private co - funding.
However a necessary prerequisite besides the need for less, shorter and clearer rules in front of the newframework for Cohesion Policy of period 2021 – 2027, is the enrichment and adjustment of FEIs both to theneeds of enterprises and financial intermediates in order to make the disposal of cohesion policy resources
more rapid and more efficient. Additionally as it noted in OECD’s report it is necessary to enlarge the rangeof financial means that are available to SMEs and entrepreneurs, in order to be able to continue play theirrole in investments, development, innovation and employment.
The purpose of this article is to highlight and enrich FEIs, with tools and procedures more accessible andflexible to daily needs of enterprises such as factoring and focused to smaller scale investment needs suchas leasing in order achieve flexibility and ease of access of SMEs to EU funds for cohesion policy and inparallel quicker absorption of them.

Towards New Dynamic Models of Migration Systems
Dr. Justin Delloye1,2, Prof. Isabelle Thomas2,3
1

Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, Esch-sur-alzette/belval, Luxembourg, 2Center for Operations
Research and Econometrics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 3Belgian Fund for Scientific Research, Brussels, Belgium

S27-S2 Entropy, Complexity and Spatial Dynamics: A Rebirth of Theory?
MILC_Room 309, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Migrations are an essential driver of spatial population dynamics, and their understanding is crucial toforecast the evolution of urban and regional systems. Researchers in human geography have proposed106

several theoretical frameworks to catch the underlying rules that are seemingly shared by migration
processes around the world. This paper anchors in the migration system approach that has been developing
since the fifties. We argue that, in line with the general direction of migration research, these developments
did not emphasize the timing of migration decisions. This shortcoming remains a gap in our understandingof migration dynamics, and it has contributed to the current call for the renewal of migration system theory.
In that perspective, we propose a new stochastic model of complex migration system. In this model,
individual migration decisions are represented by a nested Logit model, and they are aggregated in anonlinear stochastic system that represents the collective migration dynamics. The model includes a“migration propensity” parameter, which describes the migration rate that remains after having controlled
for regional utility differentials. This migration propensity parameter is calibrated on aggregate migration
data from Belgium. With respect to the evolution of migration systems theory, our model reconciles existing
dynamic approaches and it is suitable to empirical calibration. It contributes to the renewal of migration
systems theory by providing a new dynamic tool.

Marshallian vs Jacobs effects: which one is stronger? Evidence for Russia unemployment dynamics
Dr. Olga Demidova1, Prof. Francesco Pastore2, Alena Kolyagina1
1

National Research University Higher School Of Economics, Moscow, Россия, 2University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, ,Italy

G11-O1 Spatial Econometrics
MILC_Room 309, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This paper is devoted to the study of diversification and specialization influence on one of the mainindicators of Russian labour market, the unemployment growth. The purpose of the work is to find out
which effects dominate in the Russian regions, Marshallian or Jacobs, and whether this predominance isstable for different time intervals. The following hypotheses were empirically tested: 1) the dependence of
the unemployment rate on the degree of concentration or diversification is non-monotonic due to possible
overlapping effects of urbanization and localization; 2) the influence of the degree of concentration or
diversification on the level of unemployment depends on the time period. To test these hypotheses
nonparametric additive models with spatial effects were used. Both hypotheses found empiricalconfirmation. It was shown that in Russia, depending on the period, various effects dominated: in 20082010, and 2013-2016 Marshallian effects predominated, while in 2010-2013, Jacobs effects dominated.
Understanding the key differences between the regions of the Russian Federation will allow the state to
conduct a competent structured socio-economic policy that will help to eliminate the negative social andeconomic consequences from the high concentration in some regions. So, in the crisis period the stateshould support enterprises whose specialization does not coincide with the main specialization of the region
through tax benefits and special subsidies, and in the period of growth - to develop the most promising
sectors in each region.

Spatial and Human Factors that Structure the Complexity of Urban Systems. The evidence of thePortuguese Cities
Dr. Tomaz Dentinho1
1

Univ. dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, PORTUGAL

S01-S1 Regional Science Footprints of Walter Isard
IUT_Room Amphi 10, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM

107

The paper proposes and estimates an urban growth entropic model to explain the evolution of the urban
system Portugal from 1850 to 2010. The hypothesis to be tested is that there are permanent territorial
factors that, associated to costs of friction, destiny and origin, influence the maximization of humaninteraction within space. To test that hypothesis the paper presents a formulation of a city growth model
derived from economic growth models but with an entropy production function and that relates city sizewith human, economic, spatial and historical explanatory variables. The model estimated for the Portuguese
cities shows that the adaptation of the economic growth model to a city growth model with spatial variables
explain the differentiated evolution of cities providing a spatial explanation for urban hierarchy.

Money for nothing? – Analyzing long-term effects of investment grants in Germany
Dr. Eva Dettmann1, Dr. Antje Weyh2
1

Halle Institute For Economic Research, Halle, Germany, 2Institute for Employment Research (IAB) of the Federal
Employment Agency, Nuremberg, Germany

S51-S1 Counterfactual methods for regional policy evaluation: Policies for firms
IUT_Room 304, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In Germany, various policy instruments exist to support the settlement and expansion of firms and the job
creation in disadvantaged regions, and large amounts of money are spend every year. Repeated negative
headlines about international ’subsidy grasshoppers’ suggest a large risk of deadweight effects and cast
doubt on the suitability of the instruments.
The aim of this study is to analyze long-term effects of the largest place-based policy in Germany. Essentially
we analyze if supported establishments ’survive’ the expiry of a commitment period associated with thesubsidy, and if the positive short and mid-term (employment) effects of investment subsidies found in many
recent studies are persistent – or at least are still there if the commitment period for the subsidized jobs is
expired. A closer look at the employment development will allow first presumptions about the motivation offirms when applying for investment subsiedies. And it will give a first hint, if the policy instrument is suitable
for supporting economic development in disadvantaged regions in the long run.
We see three special challenges for the analysis: First, the treatment can start basically at every time andtreated firms have different treatment durations. Second, our observation period is characterized by a real
dynamic economic development due to the financial crisis. Third, a comparatively long observation period isrequired; besides the pre-treatment time to consider the common trend assumption and the wholetreatment period, the post-treatment time must cover at least the whole commitment period of 5 years.
We base the analysis on monthly data and use a flexible conditional difference-in-differences approach thatenables us to consider individual treatment phases for every treated firm and to exactly define the time
when the commitment period of 5 years of is over. Our observation period for every firm lasts at least 61
months after the treatment is finished.

FDI inflows in European regions: What role for investment promotion agencies?
Dr Marco Di Cataldo1, Prof Riccardo Crescenzi1, Dr Mara Giua2
1

London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom, 2Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy

S51-S3 Counterfactual methods for regional policy evaluation: Policies for regions and cities
IUT_Room 304, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Investment Promotion Agencies (IPAs) represent an increasingly common policy tool not only for countries
but also for regions to attract foreign investment. While some literature exists on national IPAs, there is no108

research on the effectiveness of their regional counterparts. This paper aims to fill this gap by exploring theregional impacts of both national and regional IPAs in Europe, analysing how the diverse institutional
configurations and strategies relate to investment attraction. The paper leverages an ad-hoc survey on the
structure and strategy of national and regional IPAs, developing a differences-in-differences model toestimate their effectiveness in attracting foreign investments to the host regions. This analysis iscomplemented by counterfactual evidence obtained with the synthetic control method. The findings
suggest that regional IPAs have a positive impact on the inflow of FDI (in terms of both dollar values andjobs created) towards targeted sectors. The evidence on the impact of national agencies on European
regions is more mixed. We exploit the heterogeneity in the configuration of IPA structures within countries
to investigate the most effective models for investment attraction.

Out of the darkness: Re-allocation of confiscated real estate mafia assets
Dr Marco Di Cataldo1, Mr Filippo Boeri1, Ms Elisabetta Pietrostefani1
1

London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom

G06-YS1 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance (EPAINOS)
IUT_Room 101, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Can anti-mafia policies contribute to local regeneration? In an effort to tackle criminal groups, the ItalianState allows the confiscation of properties belonging to individuals convicted for mafia-related crimes, andtheir re-allocation to a new use. The policy is considered both as a preventive measure and as a way topartially compensate the society for the harm made by the criminal organisations. Whether and how thismeasurehas been beneficial for the wider society, however, has not yet been investigated. We test the hypothesisthat the policy is able to produce positive externalities on the local community by influencing property
prices in the surroundings of confiscated/reallocated properties. To this aim, we first conduct an exploratory
analysis on the whole Italian territory, implementing a differences-in-differences strategy at the level of
local housing markets. Next, we adopt micro geo-localised data on house sales in all major Italian cities toestimate a hedonic pricing model assessing the effect of re-allocations on the value of surrounding
buildings, up to a distance between 100m and 500m. The results unveil a positive and significant effect of
re-allocations of confiscated properties, declining with distance. Magnitude and spatial decay are found tovary considerably depending on property type and environmental characteristics. Our research sheds newlight on the spatial externalities of institutional signals and on the societal implications of initiatives againstorganised crime.

Evaluating Cohesion Policy effectiveness on regions' growth through meta-analysis
Dr. Dante Di Matteo1
1

Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy

G06-O4 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Although Structural Funds act as the main financial leverage to encourage the rebalancing of structuralinequalities among European regions, substantial literature points out different impacts, absorption andresponse capacities to the cohesion policies carried out during the various programming periods. The
multilevel structure of the CP implies a mediating role from the regional and local bodies for drawing up andshaping the level of interventions, depending on the convergence objective of each region. Among thesepremises can be found some primary reasons for explaining such heterogeneity among the studies on CP.
109With the aim to deepen the grounds behind the effectiveness of CP on regions' growth and development,
this study is proposing a systematic literature review of studies addressing the impact of cohesion policies
on European regions and the role of the different structural and investment funds for achieving objectives
spread on the various axes of intervention. A selection of 46 studies was processed through a meta-analysis
and it focuses both on econometrical and on qualitative analyses, by including not only economic
performance indicators as model outputs, like GDP, but also social indicators, like those assessing
depopulation issues, in line with the primary recent objectives of lagging regions. Among the main
highlights, differences in geographical extent and in the use of control variables are presented as the major
factors of heterogeneity.

The Role of Entrepreneurial Financial Ecosystem in Firm Growth.
Dr. Filippo Di Pietro1, Mrs Manuela Vega-Pascual2, Dr. María-José Palacín-Sánchez2, Dr. Rafaela Alfalla-Luque2
1

Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 41092, Spain, 2University of Seville, Seville, Spain

S19-S1 Regional Entrepreneurship Policy
UdL_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This paper examines the relationship between entrepreneurial financial ecosystem and firm growth, at the
local level. An analysis is done to expand the knowledge about how regional financial ecosystem influences
firm growth and, therefore, the entrepreneurial activity consolidation. Obstacles in access to finance andfinancial constraints are an important environmental barrier in firm growth, especially in entrepreneur
firms’ growth, within a single country. This study analyses a cohort of young Spanish small and medium
enterprises (SMEs) combining both firm-level and regional level information. Data set for this research
consists in an unbalanced panel of 89.358 observations representing every Spanish region for the period
2007-2015. The empirical analysis applies the panel data methodology, specifically the fixed effects
estimator (within estimator), measuring young firm growth in terms of annual variation of total assets. Our
results show that financial ecosystem is statistically significant, evidencing that the greater difficulties inaccess to external finance of smaller and younger firms point out the need to develop an appropriate
financial environment to favour the growth of the youngest firm. The findings of this study are valuable forentrepreneurs and policymakers and show that efforts at national and European level to solve the financing
problems of small and young businesses should continue.

Regional economic resilience in the European Union: a CGE analysis
Dr. Filippo Di Pietro1, Dr. Patrizio Lecca1, Dr. Simone Salotti
1

Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 41092, Spain

S40-S3 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM

See extended abstract online.

A Trade Hierarchy of Cities based on Transport Cost Thresholds
110Dr. Jorge Diaz-Lanchas1, Associate Professor Carlos LLano-Verduras2, Professor José L. Zofío3
1

Joint Research Center, Seville, Spain, 2Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 3Erasmus University, Rotterdam,
The Netherlands

S30-S1 Connecting short and long distance perspectives in freight transportation
IUT_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Empirical evidence has been lacking to explain trade agglomerations over short distances. Startingwith a novel micro-database of road freight shipments within Spain for the period 2003-2007, webreak down city (municipal) trade flows into the extensive and intensive margins and assess trade
frictions and trade concentration relying on a unique generalized transport cost measure and threeinternal borders, NUTS-5 (municipal), NUTS-3 (provincial) and NUTS-2 (regional). We discovera stark accumulation of trade flows up to a transport cost value of 189Euros (approx. 170km) andconclude that this high density is due not to administrative borders effects but to significant changes
in the trade-to-transport costs relationship. To support this hypothesis, we propose and conduct
an endogenous Chow test to identify significant thresholds at which trade flows change structurallywith distance. These breakpoints allow us to split the sample when controlling for internal borders,
and to define trade market areas corresponding to specific transport costs values that consistently
reveal an urban hierarchy of cities. The results provide clear evidence to corroborate the predictionsof central place theory.

Economic determinants or personal attitudes? Factors explaining the European regional backslash
Dr. Jorge Diaz Lanchas1, Dr Filippo Di Pietro1, Dr. Andrea Conte1
1

European Commission, Sevilla, Spain

S43-S1 Geography of discontent: Explanations and policies
IUT_Room 205, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
A new wave of regional and social discontent is challenging the European Union (EU). Multiple causes havebeen raised to explain the current and new wave of social misalignment with the European integration
process. Going from economic-decline and inequality explanations to perceptions and cultural values
theories, several works have put their efforts in disentangling the determinants leading this current
European integration backslash.
In this paper we resort to survey data from the Eurobarometer 2018 to assess the role of the multiplecauses shaping the regional and social preferences towards the EU, taking into account economic as well as
cultural determinants. The use of Partial least Square indicators allows us to differentiate between direct
and indirect effects (e.g. feedback effects among variables). We also argue that the regional discontent is
not new but the result of a long-term trend that has more abruptly flourished in last years, even when there
were previous signals of discontent across the EU regions. To test and confirm this hypothesis we takesurvey regional data from the Eurobarometer 2005 when the referendum on the European Constitution
took place across the European countries.

Difficulties in mobilities and inequalities for health care access in Madagascar rural areas111Dr. Pierrine Didier1
1

INRA, Angers, France

S06-S1 Changes in health care provision, spatial mobility and access to care
IUT_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In Madagascar, a large majority of population lives in rural areas where access to conventional health care isvery difficult, due to several economic, political and geographical factors. Clinics and public hospitals, with
doctors and medical material, are located in main cities. In rural areas, we find some dispensaries hold byhealth workers, like nurses and midwife. Medical material is usually very limited in those places.
Based on a fieldwork in Madagascar, I will present the ethnographical observations of villagers' quest forcare, in a 600 inhabitants village (Rantolava) on the east coast, in the Analanjirofo region.
Rantolava is located 20 km north from the closest 15 000 inhabitants' city, where is located the closest small
hospital, and is reachable by a 3 km track from the paved road. It is distant from 100 km from the closest
city (200 000 inhabitants) reachable by a 4 hours drive, which counts the only regional hospital center.
Villagers of Rantolava mainly live from fishing, farming and rice growing. Only one villager owns a car heuses for his grocery shop supplies. Some others own scooters and bikes. The majority of villagers walk fromthe village to the paved road where they can wait for a taxi brousse (bus), to go in town. The round-trip fee
corresponds to the equivalent of a daily wage of working in fields.
In case of urgent need for care, no villagers can afford to pay for the ambulance fee from the next hospital,and no taxis reach the countrysides. To transport sick people, some villagers use stretchers they have builtwith bamboo sticks and canvas rice bags. A french resident who lives from time to time in a closed village,
and owns a car, used to rent it to transport villagers to the hospital. A majority of people in Madagascar stilluses traditional medicines and consults traditional healers, present in every villages. This local therapeuticoffer is largely in use and can respond to people's care needs when no other offer is easily available.
Quality of care is unequal regarding location (rural vs. urban areas) as they are conditioned by available
qualified health workers, medical equipment and pharmaceuticals. Social inequalities in health care are
directly linked, in the case of rural areas in Madagascar, to territories and available transportation withinthese territories. Mobility is a constraint to choices villagers make in their search for health care.

Towards a global standard in defining cities and rural areas
Dr. Lewis Dijkstra1
1

European Commission, Brussels, Belgium

S39-S1 Understanding urbanisation at a global scale: definitions and empirical analyses (OECD and European
Commission)
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This article presents a new methodology, the degree of urbanisation, and its application to the globe. The
degree of urbanisation relies on a population grid to classify local units into three classes: cities, towns &suburbs, and rural areas. These three classes can be further disaggregated into cities, towns, suburbs,
villages, dispersed rural areas and mostly uninhabited areas. The population share in rural areas as definedby the degree of urbanisation is similar to the share reported based on national definitions in mostcountries in the Americas, Europe and Oceania, but radically different in many African and Asian countries.
A possible explanation for these differences is that in Africa and Asia smaller settlements are considered
rural, while they are classified as urban in the rest of the world. An analysis of the national definitions
reported to the United Nations and attempts to replicate these nationally defined shares using density andpopulation size criteria indicate that differences in national definitions (in theory and in practice) makethem unsuitable for international comparisons. The global share of population in cities over 300,000
112inhabitants, however, is identical between the national definitions and this new method. This implies there
is a broader consensus on what is a city than on what is urban and rural. This new definition has been
applied to two new global population grids with different methods. In countries where population data isavailable for very small spatial units, the results are almost identical. In countries where population data is
only available for very large units, the results vary substantially. The discrepancies are particularly wide inseveral African countries. Nevertheless, both grids classify a substantially larger share of the global
population as living in urban areas (defined as settlements of 5,000 inhabitants or more) than what isreported by the UN based on heterogeneous national definitions and conventions.

The geography of EU discontent
Dr. Lewis Dijkstra1, Dr. Andres Rodriguez-Pose
1

European Commission, Brussels, Belgium

S43-S2 Geography of discontent: Explanations and policies
IUT_Room 205, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Over the last decade, political parties opposed to EU integration have almost doubled their votes. The
general opinion of the EU has also deteriorated, revealing a growing number of people who distrust theUnion. To understand this development, this paper focuses on the geography of EU discontent. For the firsttime, it maps the vote against EU integration in the last national elections across more than 63 000 electoral
districts in each of the 28 EU Member States. It assesses whether a range of factors considered to havefostered the surge in populism have had an impact on anti-EU voting. Research into populism often relies on
the individual characteristics of anti-system voters: older, working-class, male voters on low incomes andwith few qualifications to cope with the challenges of a modern economy. The results show that economic
and industrial decline are driving the anti-EU vote. Areas with lower employment rates or with a lesseducated workforce are also more likely to vote anti-EU. Once these factors have been taken into account,many of the purported causes of the geography of discontent either matter much less than expected or
their impact varies depending on the strength of opposition to the European project.

Evaluation of vertical and horizontal equalization in the EU
Dr. Olga Diukanova1
1

Joint Research Center, Seville, Spain

S50-S1 Fiscal decentralisation and multi-level governance
IUT_Room 408, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
There is considerable momentum in the world towards increasing the degree of fiscal decentralization.
Central governments have greater revenue raising power over the subnational governments, while thelatter have advantages in providing place-tailored public services.
Although, fiscal decentralisation brings about efficiency gains in the provision of public services,intergovernmental transfers still play an important redistribution role.
An important rationale for intergovernmental transfers is equalization of citizens' access to public services.
Given that regions differ in revenue-raising capacities, costs and needs for government services,intergovernmental transfers can be discretionary in nature. Central governments distribute a number of
earmarked grants to guarantee provision of particular services in a region, particularly health and education.
Nowadays many countries decentralize asymmetrically, predominantly on the expenditure side. Accordingto Rodden (2003), Jack (2004), and Rodríguez-Pose et al. (2009) the effectiveness of fiscal reform depends
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on expenditure decentralization being accompanied by decentralization of fiscal powers, rather thanbridging the revenue-expenditure gap with intergovernmental transfers.
Of economic questions which arise in connection with fiscal decentralization possibly the most prominent
are those relating to the equalization of the access to public services and to the design and the size ofintergovernmental transfers.
Although, the existing research on fiscal decentralization is mainly qualitative, we aim to bridge this gap byevaluating the economic impacts of horizontal and vertical fiscal equalization on the pattern of regional
convergence, using a dynamic multi-regional dynamic CGE model RHOMOLO.
We contrast the scenario of equalization of regional per-capita provision of public services (horizontal
equalization) with the scenario of equalization of regional tax raising capacity (vertical decentralization).
Under the first scenario intergovernmental transfers are distributed inversely proportionally to the regional
public expenditures in order to equalize over time the per-capita provision of public services within eachcountry.
Under the second scenario, the regional fiscal power is gradually increased to cover 80% of regional public
services, leaving the rest of 20% to be covered with earmarked intergovernmetnal grants.
In other words, the first scenario investigates the outcomes of decentralizing exclusively on the expenditureside, while the second scenario verifies the Oates’ hypothesis (1972) according to which a close match
between spending assignments and revenue discretion at subnational levels maximizes the efficiency gains
of decentralization.

Managing social innovation at local level: a quadruple helix approach
Dr. Letizia Donati1, Professor Marco Bellandi
1

University Of Florence, Florence, Italy

G20-O2 Social Innovation for Resilient Regions
IUT_Room 203, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This paper, after a review of the Local Social Innovation (LSI) concept, proposes to use the quadruple helix(QH) framework of interactions between universities, government, companies and civil society (Carayannis& Campbell, 2009) to understand and manage LSI, and aims at assessing, through a case study based on
secondary data, the implementation of SI policies driven by QH mechanism in Europe.
The SI is far from being a well-established concept (Pol & Ville, 2009), however it is possible to claim thatscholars agree on its contextual and local nature (Moulaert, 2009; Moulaert et Al., 2013).
The theoretical foundation of LSI has to be found in the social basement of the community of people living
in a certain place. LSI is focused on the transformation of social relations which are naturally embedded inlocal systems and territories (Oosterlynck et Al., 2013). Local socially innovative practices may emerge as
result of both the engagement and the empowerment process of different actors at local level (Sharra &Nyssen, 2010) and they can be sustained by new technologies developed by firms (Mulgan et Al., 2007),
new forms of public governance (Moulaert et Al., 2005) and supported by knowledge produced by research
institutions (Benneworth & Cunha, 2015).Therefore, it is proposed here to adopt a QH perspective both tounderstand and to guide such process.
In this regard, the growing interest of policy makers in SI (EU, 2013) has led to the design of the Urban
Innovative Actions (UIA) which is a novelty among EU schemes of structural funds. It requests projects to besubmitted by quadruple helix partnerships and led by municipalities; in fact, the UIA aims at sustaining cities
to tackle innovative solutions to achieve sustainable and inclusive development goals related to urban
poverty, housing, integration of migrants and refugees.
After an in-depth analysis of two projects based in different Italians cities (Bologna-North and PozzuoliSouth) it is possible to claim that local SI can be exactly identified in the activation of new and successful
relations among subjects pertaining to quadruple helix configurations (Bologna); however, barriers playing
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against such collaborations may arise (Bellandi et Al., 2018) due to different organization’s objectives(Pozzuoli). When implementing quadruple helix policies for local SI thus, local governments need to adopt
an experimentalist governance (Sabel & Zeitlin, 2012) supported by evidence-based approaches, profiling of
QH actors’ constellations, and adequate participatory methodologies (Hamlyn et al., 2015).

A Study on The "Two-Way" Flow of Urban and Rural Talents Under The Background of Chinese Rural
Revitalization
Dr. Yaning Dong1, Dr. Yun Gu2
1

Peking University, , China, 2Capital University of Economics and Business, , China

G23-O1 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Research Objectives: The key to the revitalization of rural areas lies in the revitalization of talents. To
analyse the influence mechanism of regional and local quality, especially the equalization and convenienceof public services on the two-way flow of urban and rural heterogeneous talents. Research Methods: By
constructing a spatial general equilibrium model which integrates the functions of income equality, public
service choice and migration friction, this paper USES mathematical analysis and numerical simulation toreveal the internal mechanism of the "two-way" flow of heterogeneous talents between urban and rural
areas. Research Findings: By Raising wages and improving local ecological conditions will help attract moretalents. According to the "critical condition of talent pendulum", when the interregional convenience effectis equal to the regional convenience effect, the spatial distribution of urban and rural talents presents astable state. When the regional convenience effect is greater than the inter-regional convenience effect,
improving the types and quality of local public services is conducive to attracting talents to move to theregion. When the inter-regional convenience effect is greater than the intra-regional convenience effect,
improving the types and quality of local public services is not conducive to attracting talents to move to theregion. The improvement of the convenience of public services in the region and the consumption of public
services in the other region is conducive to the relocation of talents to the region. Research Innovations:
Research on systematic integration of talent location selection by integrating multiple migration
mechanisms. Research Value: To provide scientific theoretical basis for promoting the revitalization of ruraltalents.

Breaking-up the R&D and innovation value chain: implications for regions
Dr. Mafini Dosso1, Dr Paulina Ramirez
1

European Commission JRC, Seville, Spain, 2University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

G07-O1 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This study examines the partitioning and international configuration of MNEs’ research, development andinnovation (RDI) value chains. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the internationalisationand globalisation of innovation activities, in the main, quantitative studies have tended to see RDI as
aggregate, integral and homogeneous activities measured through patents, research spending andtechnological alliances. Much less is known about how MNEs are partitioning and organising their RDI
function and how this influences the configuration of global innovation networks (GINs) in different
industries.
We use quantitative and qualitative data in an exploratory manner in order to describe and identify how
MNEs from different industries are fragmenting and reconfiguring their RDI value chains. Our
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methodological framework combines (i) quantitative data on greenfield foreign direct investments in R&D,
Development, Design and Testing and Education and Training and (ii) structured and semi-structured
interviews to senior R&D managers from top R&D-investing companies. Our results suggest important
evolutions in the fragmentation of the RDI value chain around distinct GINs actors: collaborations with
universities and research institutes, contract research organisations (CROs) and manufacturing suppliers:
Important implications for regions follow from our results. For those who aim to attract FDI in RDI as part oftheir growth strategies, it is necessary to understand which factors are likely to attract and embed different
types of RDI activities. Moreover, it is important to identify the impact on local learning, technologicalaccumulation and diversification of investments in these different RDI activities as well as their inter-relatedcharacter. This includes understanding the linkages in between manufacturing and RDI activities as in someindustries the co-location of these tasks is important for production and innovation. In these cases the lossof manufacturing can result in the loss of important regional RDI activities and capabilities.
How local RDI institutions, suppliers as well as manufacturers integrate into the GINs of MNEs and theopportunities this offers for learning and upgrading can also have important implications for innovation andterritorial/regional development. The outsourcing of RDI tasks to independently-owned, internationallydispersed, CROs and manufacturing suppliers means that regions can participate in the global economy
even without FDI. This requires greater attention to the needs of local RDI suppliers as well as
manufacturing sub-contractors, needs which are often different to those of the MNEs. These suppliers canbecome the basis of new industries and value-chains (local or global) opening new opportunities forregional and industrial innovation-led development.

Public policy evaluation in theory and practice: evaluating smart specialisation strategies to feed theEuropean Cohesion policy cycle
Mr Mathieu Doussineau1,2, Dr Katerina Ciampi Stancova1
1

European Commission-joint Researche Center, Seville, Spain, 2University of Seville, Seville, Spain

S54-S1 Evaluating Smart Specialisation: early evidence on policy implementation and economictransformation
IUT_Room 304, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The emergence of RIS3 requests a new approach in envisaging the monitoring and evaluation. As
Monitoring and evaluation processes should be strongly linked, an additional layer of complexity has
appeared impacting also directly our way to envisage the evaluation process. Technically and ethically, theevaluation should be independent from managing authorities (implementers) and monitoring not. The
combination of the two approaches should lead to concrete recommendations. Monitoring should feedindependent external evaluation. Objective of the evaluation process is to capture impacts of measures
implemented through strategies. Evaluating public policies at mid-term triggers important challenges andbottlenecks. First, because the strategy is ongoing, the evaluation process has to cope with theincompleteness of the information with a lack of tangible information (scarcity of indicators). Evaluation
cannot then only be based on quantitative reliable information but also on more qualitative element of
impact. This scarcity of quantitative information makes any pure econometrical approach not possible when
academic theories of evaluation are mostly based on a quantitative approach.
Moreover, the originality of the RIS3 approach is that it requests a behavioural change from managing
authorities and stakeholder, avoiding the maximum as possible silo thinking approach. In this respect, notthe impact of the implementation RIS3 should be evaluated but also the design phase which requested asignificant stakeholder's engagement through the EDP with choices taken at this moment. The 2016 reporton Cohesion Policy and Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3) has pointed thatstrategies have delivered a mixed picture, notably regarding the choice of priorities, which is often seen as
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too generic or insufficiently connected to regional economic and innovation structures, meaning that smart
specialisation strategies need to improve in this regard.
Ex-post Public policies evaluation theories seem to be disconnected from the practice. The lack of policy
implication in evaluation theories reduces their utility when feeding the policy cycle with concrete
recommendations. The question would be how to design a generic methodological approach to provide toregions for the evaluation of their respective Smart specialisation strategy considering the lack of tangible
information and the important behavioural dimension of the S3 process and the high disparity regions (interms of size, economy, role in the national ecosystems etc.)

Exploring spatial discontinuities: Evidences on the effectiveness of regional devepment policy in Brazil(FNE)
Ms Tássia Germano de Oliveira1, Ms Gisleia Duarte2, mr Raul Silveira Neto1
1

UFPE, Recife , Brazil, 2UFRPE , Recife , Brazil

G04-O11 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Regional policies have been the main strategy of countries to reduce territorial inequalities. In general,heavily based on large investments in infrastructure, tax incentives and subsidies to capital and researchand development, seek to foster productive activity in less developed regions. In Brazil, the Constitutional
Financing Funds of the Northeast (FNE), the North (FNO) and the Midwest (FCO) are the main financing
mechanisms of the Regional Policy in the country. Regardless of the importance of the theme, Brazil is stillamong the most unequal countries, where regional disparities continue for decades, despite public
interventions. This paper aims to contribute to the literature by bringing new evidence on the effects ofdeveloping countries' regional policies. In particular, we explore a spatial discontinuity that delimits the areaof eligibility of one of the main regional policy in Brazil , FNE. this paper evaluates the efficacy of Financing
Constitutional Fund of the Northeast (FNE) loans using spacial descontinuity regression in municipality level.
In relation to FNE, the results indicates a negative impact on informal sector employment and no impact
on the growth rate of employee, during the period 2010-2015.

Geography, Technology, and Urban Areas
Mr Christian Düben1, Ms Sandra Achten2, Prof. Melanie Krause1
1

Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany, 2Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany

G04-YS1 Regional and Urban Development, IUT_Room 110, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.
Smart Specialization in Smaller Territorial Breakdown than NUTS2?
Dr. Giedre Dzemydaite1
1

Vilnius University, Vilnius, LITHUANIA

G06-O7 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Recently, there is a sharply growing interest in regional specialization and its changes from bothgovernmental institutions and academic society. The smart specialization concept was implemented in the
EU policy in 2014, stating that NUTS2 regions have to find their path to regional development and to specify
117areas where to concentrate efforts for promoting innovative activities and higher value added. It is
supposed to be a new political approach of regional innovation policy at the EU level. In some European
countries national governments decided to adopt similar approaches to regional policy in their inner
regions, commonly at NUTS3 level. This paper follows these thoughts and tries to give insights into
specialization changes in smaller territorial breakdown than NUTS2. It is questionable if smart specialization
approach could foster higher value added and innovativeness in non-capital regions with lower GDP per
capita. In this research we analyze the case of Lithuania and results support the idea that non-capitalregions with lower GDP per capita specializes in sectors that have lower productivity level, such as
agriculture, forestry, wood, garment sewing, etc. Some of these regions are production sites for foreign
investors because of lower production costs. Deepening concentration in current sectors probably will notcause significant productivity growth. Because of that new related areas of specialization in higher level ofthe value chain have to be fostered and developed.

Cultural Activities and Enterpreneurship in Peripheral Regions – in a Vicious Circle?
Dr. Giedre Dzemydaite1
1

Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania

G04-O7 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Recently, there is a growing need for regions to develop their innovative capacity and to be competitive inglobal markets. Cultural activities suppose to take significant part in regional policy. A lot of discussions inacademic and policy level came after European Council conclusions (2010/C 135/05) on the contribution ofculture to local and regional development stating there is an evident link between culture, creativity andinnovation contributing to social and economic progress and that there is a need to encourage strategic
investment in culture and cultural and creative industries at local and regional level, in order to foster
creative and dynamic societies.
The aim of this research was to analyze intensity and impact of cultural activities on peripheral regions,taking into account public spending for cultural projects. 10 NUTS3 Lithuanian regions were involved, while
taking a differentiated analysis of 3 mostly urbanized areas. We used data from Ministry of Culture,
Lithuanian Council for Culture and National Statistics of 65 cultural (infrastructural, demand and supply
sides), economic and social indicators which were involved in a hierarchical cluster analysis.
This paper supported the idea that there were two way relationships between entrepreneurship and theintensity of cultural activities in the regional level. The peripheral regions were lagging in both – cultural andentrepreneurial activities. It was seen that government programs was not sufficient enough to change thissituation.
Government programs for cultural and art activities in Lithuania were organized in uniform way at thenational level. These programs aimed to support various cultural activities that could contribute to growthof social capital, inclusion of various social groups in cultural activities, enhance entrepreneurial activities,
etc. Although, actors from different regions had participated, the highest intensity of participation was fromthe most entrepreneurial areas. Lagging regions were less active. Regions that mostly needed financial
support for cultural and art activities were lagging to participate. In peripheral regions cultural activities
were implemented mostly by public enterprises. There was much small number of private initiatives thatparticipated in calls for funding.
A vicious circle in peripheral regions was seen. A lower entrepreneurial level in peripheral regions supposed
to lead to a lower number of cultural projects proposed that leaded to smaller number of cultural activities.
Smaller intensity of cultural activities supposed to have a smaller impact for the society. A discussion
question arose how to support more private initiative in smaller and lagging regions.
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Work 4.0: Fourth Industrial Revolution and its impact on the workforce development in Poland
Dr. Anna Dzienis1
1

SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland

G05-O3 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The publication of the green and white papers on Work 4.0 in Germany launched a discussion on theconcept originating from the idea of Industry 4.0 – Work 4.0 and provided an insight into the future work
perspectives, scenarios and opportunities. The documents underline that the debate on Work 4.0 is an
essential extension of the discussion about the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR).
Having in mind that the process of building capacity for the change also contains such components asproviding suitable labor force, creating new business solutions and more effective ways of management,
this article aims at describing the status quo of the Polish labor market in the perspective of futurechallenges posed by the digital transformation. By means of various datasets and computation of simple
indicators the author seeks an answer to the following question: is the Polish workforce ready for the 4IR?
With a high pupil-to-teacher ratio in primary education and long years of schooling that a child receives,
Poland has the potential to develop skills accordingly to the market needs. Moreover, growing activity rate
together with augmenting share of people with tertiary education constitute a solid ground for promotionof digital skills. On the other hand, Poland’s manufacturing industry remains below its peers’ productivity
levels, with the level of the ICT value added and robot intensity still low.
The paper is organized as follows: first, home and foreign literature concerning the I4 and, more precisely,
Work 4.0 problem is revised, then an analysis of the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 (2018) in the area of
human capital and labor market components is conducted. This allows for identifying Poland’s shortcomings
and advantages in the before-mentioned fields in relation to other countries, particularly to Germany andthe Czech Republic. Finally, the focus is set on Poland`s labor market characteristics depicted in more detailusing national and international data.

A new home after death? Residential mobility after the death of a spouse.
Mr Aske Egsgaard1,2, Mrs Cecilie Dohlmann Weatherall2
1

University Of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Danmark, 2Kraks Fond – Institute for Urban Economic Research, Copenhagen,Danmark

S06-S1 Changes in health care provision, spatial mobility and access to care
IUT_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This paper sets out to explore how the death of a spouse or partner and the transition into widowhood
affects their sequential residential mobility. The loss of a partner has been shown to be associated withchanges in several outcomes for the surviving partner, such as changes in psychological health and changes
in economic resources but has not yet been linked to residential mobility and changes in housing demand.
As the elderly population increases in the western world over the next couple decades we can expect this tobe even more widespread, which could affect the housing demand in the future.
By use detailed administrative micro data on hospital admissions and cause of death from 1994 to 2012combined with data on all households, including socioeconomic background, place of residence, family
members etc., we create an extended panel dataset for all people in Denmark between 30 and 80 years old
119from 1980 and 2016. By using a complementary log-log duration model we can monitor changes in people
hazard ratio to move. We find that people who have lost a partner within the past 4 year are significant
more likely to move compared to couples where both partners are still alive. Furthermore, we find that thisis even more so the case for women than for men. We also find that women with adult children living
elsewhere have are even more likely to move, but that adult children living elsewhere don’t seem to affectmen in a significant degree.

Comparing origin-destination matrices derived from smart card data with a large scale OD survey. A casestudy in Lyon.
Mr Oscar Egu1
1

LAET-ENTPE, University of Lyon, , France

S63-S1 Public transportation and big data: data processing and valuation
MILC_Room 310, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Spatial diffusion of coworking spaces and their contribution to local development
Prof. Christophe Demaziere1, Senior Lecturer Divya Leducq1, PhD Student in Urban and Spatial Planning SarahEl Attat1
1

CITERES, University Of Tours, Tours, France

S08-S2 New working spaces, digital transformations and peripheral areas
IUT_Room 408, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In this paper, we deal with coworking spaces (CWS) in France and specifically in a non metropolitan region,
the Loire Valley. CWS first appeared in France in the centres of large metropolitan areas (and firstly in Paris
which is a global city). More recently they spread to the outskirts or even to medium-sized cities and/or
rural areas. Is the concept of spatial diffusion at work for many technological or social innovations
applicable here? If yes (Liefooghe, 2018), what are the drivers? It is possible that more and more knowledge
workers will tend to live in places with a good living environment and to work in places far away from urban
centers. However, does the diffusion phenomenon of CWS just follow the urban hierarchy, as the case ofsome French regions suggests? Or do some sparsely populated rural areas, because of their connectivity or
their own potential (to be specified), see the emergence of ‘clusters of CWS’ which could give them anadvantage as compared to metropolitan cores? In other words, what is (and what can be) the actual
contribution of coworking spaces to the (re) development of non-metropolitan areas?
France is a case of public voluntarism at all spatial levels (the national government, regions, groupings ofmunicipalities…) but it can be questioned whether the policy measures are attuned to the real needs ofcoworking spaces managers and of coworkers. CWS but also fablabs are confronted with the rigidities oflegally-binding comprehensive planning.
The main research questions explored in this paper are as follows: How are new workspaces evolving withina sparsely populated region? And to what extent can they be part of a local/regional development strategy?
See extended abstract online.

A New Framework on Urban Economic Resilience120

Phd Zeynep Elburz1, phd karima kourtit2, prof peter nijkamp2
1

Dokuz Eylul University, izmir, Türkiye, 2JADS, den bosch, the netherlands

S40-S1 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The concept of resilience which has been first introduced in the field of ecology, has been studied in manydifferent disciplinary fields. In particular, because of global concerns on major threats such as disasters,
economic crises, diseases, and other threats to human development, the notion of resilience has –despite
adversity- become popular. Even though resilience concept is not new concept it still triggers the attention
from many fields at different scale levels, both living and nonliving, such as an economy, a microorganism ora child, so as to understand the process of anticipating, adapting and recovering in the face of major threats.
The concept itself is not easy to operationalize in practice. However, having various types of definitions fromvarious fields and studies leads to a very complex framework to measure and analyze the resilience concept.
That is why it is crucial to understand the concept with all dimensions, determinants and levels from a newand broader framework for both natural and social sciences. In this paper, we look into the urban resilience
concept from many perspectives in order to define and measure it in an appropriate way. The aim of thispaper is to present a new framework on urban economic resilience with a new dimension which is called
spatiallity and indicators which are based on urban forms, by taking into account the advantages anddisadvantages of existing urban resilience definitions in the literature.

ReMoBel: a supply-side macro regional model for Belgium
Mr Christophe Ernaelsteen1
1

CERPE - Université de Namur, Namur, BELGIUM

S34-S2 Regional Modelling: New Approaches and Data
MILC_Room 308, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Macroeconomic models are one of the tools commonly used by economists to forecast and analyse
economic policies. Based on the tradition of Keynesian paradigm, many of them focus on demand side toestimate impacts of policies on the economy through stimulations of final demand (household and public
consumption, investment, exports…). Other models incorporate supply-side mechanisms in order to assess
effects of policies that target long-term economic growth by improving the development potential of theeconomy. In the recent literature, two additional features were particularly taking into account in thosemodels, namely the integration of the dynamics in general stochastic equilibrium model (DGSE model) andthe incorporation of geographic and spatial regional effects. For example, the HERMIN model (Bradley andal., 1995), the QUEST III model (Ratto and al., 2009), the RHOMOLO model (Brandsma and al., 2015) and the
GMR-Europe model (Varga and al., 2018) were developed to study simulating policy scenario in Europe andanalysing impacts on the regions of the EU Member States.
The aim of our contribution is to present a preliminary version of a supply-side macro-regional DGSE modelfor Belgium. The model will integrate sectorial dimension of the Belgium economy and macro-regional
input-output dynamics at the level of NUTS2. Particular attention will be given to the most recent
regionalization methods. In Belgium, different level of public authorities are in charge of R&D, innovationand human capital development policies. Especially, regional governments finance R&D, federal
government subsidize space research and community governments are in charge of education (humancapital development). The model will also integrate this particularly features of the Belgium institutions.

Regional impacts of the increasing grain exporting flow through Brazilian Northern ports
121

Mr Carlos Espinel1, Dr Eduardo Castro1, Dr Angelo Gurgel2
1

Federal University Of São Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil, 2São Paulo School of Economics - EESP - Getulio Vargas Foundation FGV, São Paulo, Brazil

G16-O6 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The Brazilian grain production is exported mostly through the Southeast and South ports, which represents
a large distance to transport the grains produced in the Center West region. The objective of this research is
to analyze the economic impacts of increasing the grain exports from the Center West (CW) region throughthe Brazilian northern ports using the PAEG computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, to identify the
direct and indirect effects in the Brazilian regions. PAEG is a static, multi-regional and multi-sectorial model,
representing the production and distribution of goods and services in the world economy. The database
comprises bilateral flows of trade between countries and regions, as well as transport costs, import tariffs
and export taxes or subsidies. The first step was to calculate the reduction in transportation costs due to thesmaller freight prices and distances to the Northern ports considering the potential capacity of these ports.
Increasing the grain exports through the North region would generate efficiency gains about 8% in thetransportation costs, which supported the shocks applied to the input “transport” in the agricultural sectorof the CW region. The main results indicated that increasing the CW agricultural exports through theNorthern ports increases Brazilian GDP and increases bilateral exports from Brazil to China, Europe and USA
by up to 2%. The results also indicate an income concentration: Center West GDP and welfare grow in all
the analyzed scenarios and the gains come from the other regions of the country. The economic impacts are
not larger because "transport" is only an input of the agricultural sector in the PAEG model and theinvestments to construct or repair the roads from CW region to the northern ports were not considered inthis analysis. In spite of the positive impacts to the agricultural sector a negative indirect effect (notmeasured) might happen: increasing the transportation through the North region tends to attract morebusiness, which might contribute to increase the Amazon deforestation. The alternative of increasing thetransport flow through the North has been shown effective, but it does not solve the logistic deficit thatchallenges the Brazilian agribusiness performance nor does it reduce the regional differences in Brazil.

The statistical properties of the networks of emigrants: the Ecuadorian caseProf. Alexandra Espinosa1, Prof. Luís Horna1, Prof. Rodrigo Mendieta-Muñoz2, Prof. Nicola Pontarollo3
1

Escuela Politécnica Nacional. Department of Mathematics, Quito, Ecuador, 2Universidad de Cuenca. Department of
Economics, Cuenca, Ecuador, 3European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy

S41-S5 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper shows that the threshold model appropriately analysed can explain the emigration process as aconsequence of the network features, where the willingness to emigrate depends on the personal andhousehold conditions borne by the emigrant. In such a case, the emigration process can be defined in termsof a Pólya schema, and the emigration rate converges almost surely to a random variable with a beta
distribution, which fully characterises the network (assimilation, integration, separation or marginalization).
The model is applied to Ecuador, which has experienced an unprecedented wave of emigration since 1998.
We show that, despite the massive exodus, the process does not constitute a diaspora, because Ecuadorians
do not appropriately interact with natives.
In this paper we model the four strategies identified by Berry (1997), constructing a framework thatcombines the properties of the threshold model and the network framework to find the statistical
122

properties of the network of migrants. Our main contribution is the characterisation of the strategies(assimilation, integration, separation and marginalisation) through the statistical properties of theemigration rate. This approach can be considered an analysis prior to any intervention, predictive forcountries that do not have experience of integration of immigrants from a specific origin. The paper is
structured as follows. In Section 2, we introduce integration and migration theories and show that thesequence of decisions (to emigrate or not) can be modelled as a Pólya Urn, under the assumption that theprobability of emigration is a continuous function of the emigration rate. Therefore, we show theemigration rate has a beta limiting distribution, which fully characterises the network created abroad by
migrants of culturally homogeneous groups. In Section 3, we apply this framework to the Ecuadorian case.
Section 4 provides some conclusions and policy implications.

A text mining approach to investigate urban planning documents: study case of Reunion Island
Ms Eve Etienne1, Mr Jean-Philippe PRAENE1, Ms Divya LEDUCQ2, Mr Jean-Claude GATINA1
1

Université de La Réunion, Le Tampon, France, 2UMR CITERES, Ecole Polytechnique de l’Université de Tours, Tours, France

G03-YS1 Big Data and Regional Science
IUT_Room 203, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In France, land-use planning is governed by a set of planning documents. The latter are articulated among
themselves at different spatial and hierarchical scales. At the municipality scale, the urban planningdocument used as reference is the Local Urban Plan (PLU). This one defines the own long-term orientations
and rules of the planning of the place. Reunion Island is a French region, and since the last years,municipalities are replacing their earlier urban planning document, the Land Use Plan (POS), by a PLU. Oneof the documents composing the PLU is the Sustainable Planning and Development Project (PADD). It
indicates the general politic orientations to contribute to the sustainable development of the locality, thegeneral orientations for housing and amenities development and the concrete objectives concerning landuse and urban sprawl. However, the PADD seems to show similarities for one to another, while thisdocument must be specific to its locality.
This paper aims to analyze the PADD of Reunion island municipalities with the text mining approach. The
latest versions of the gathered PADD constitute the corpus. Frequencies and correlation analyzes, document
clustering and topic modeling methods have been used to understand the main topics of these documents
better. Then, filtering methods have been applied to the corpus in order to extract strategies of these
territories for their sustainable planning. After that, most common terms have been associated with mostadapted main topics (chosen keywords) in order to traduce the information to a simplified model, based on
the contribution of these keywords. Finally, these outcomes have been compared with results of the same
methods applied on draft-copies of existing “Eco-PLU” in order to determine the differences between them.
First results show some significant similarities between the different PADD, due to the same structuring of
the documents, but also to their conformity and/or compatibility obligations to higher urban documents. It
is possible to extract the main strategies of these territories: particularities of these PADD are highlighted.
However, common profiles of PADD are not ever associated with similar territories.
One of the issues discussed focus on the extent to which the localities characteristics are taken into accountthrow the urban planning. The second concerns the real adequacy of these PADD for the sustainable urban
planning of their localities, and more particularly its capacity to deal with rapid changes of the territories’
and population needs facing to its long-term orientations.

Territorial re-scaling of governance for improved rural and regional development?
Prof. Grétar Eythórsson1
123

1

University Of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland

G04-O1 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Challenges to rural regional development in Iceland have been many in the last 30 years or so. While thecapital area in the south-west around Reykjavík has had population growth, a big part of the country has
had population decline and problems with economic development. Regions such as Westfjords (with 33%
depopulation since 1990), North-west, parts of North-east and south region have suffered from negative
population development for decades. One of the suggested explanations to this is the great fragmentationof the local government system - a population of almost 350,000 and 72 municipalities, an average
population of 4,840. Reykjavík is the largest municipality with a population of 126,000 - median size of an
Icelandic municipality is 886. More than 1/3 of the municipalities have population of less than 500 and 55
percent less than 1,000, the fragmentation is a fact.
The premises and ability to cope with their tasks – mandatory and voluntary – trying to create and/or
maintain living conditions that are according to the 21st century is limited. The small municipalities lackcapacity gained with size, and even they lack the necessary economy of scale (see Baldersheim and Rose2010).
What solutions to try to tackle the problems are possible?
Re-scaling through municipal amalgamations, or through inter-municipal cooperation have since long time
been suggested as means in this. By strengthening municipalities so they can cope with their tasks, better
provision of services can be reached. Better living conditions provided can, therefore be means to cope withthe depopulation. Inter-municipal cooperation has also been used in order to solve the disadvantages ofsmall size.
In this paper I intend to deal with the question whether municipal amalgamations or inter-municipal
cooperation have been successful means in this struggle. I will go through relevant literature on this andeven go through evidence that has been brought forward. The results could give indication on what can bedone to improve regional and rural development in Iceland and even other countries.
References:
Baldersheim H and Rose L (2010). Territorial Choice. The Politics of Boundaries and Borders. Palgrave
MacMillan.
Steiner R (et. al.) (2016). A Comparative Analysis of Amalgamation Reforms in Selected European Countries.
Palgrave MacMillan.
Teles F and Swianiewicz P (eds.) (2018). Inter-Municipal Cooperation in Europe. Institutions andGovernance. Palgrave MacMillan.

BRIDGES – Territories with geographical specificities: Social Innovation in East – Iceland. “Fish Factory
Creative Centre” in Stöðvarfjörður.
Prof. Grétar Eythórsson1, Hjalti Jóhannesson
1

University Of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland

G20-O1 Social Innovation for Resilient Regions
IUT_Room 203, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In late 2017 the project BRIDGES – Territories with geographical specificities was granted support from the
ESPON program. The final report will be delivered to ESPON in April 2019.
https://www.espon.eu/geographical-specifities
It focuses on regions with specific territorial features who have received increasing attention in recent
years, most notably in article 174 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The main124

purpose of this project is to address the opportunities and challenges of specific types of territories implies
that these territories need to be considered in context rather than ‘singled out’. These types of territories
constitute the main focus for this project: sparsely populated regions; mountain regions; Islands, including
island-states and coastal areas. A central question is: “How can place-based, smart and integrated
approaches support the challenges encountered by territories with geographic specificities”?
In the project there are 15 different case study areas in Europe working with different tasks as examples ofterritories with geographical specificities: 1. Specificity of innovation processes 2. Perspectives andstrategies for sustainable tourism 3. Accessibility and transport 4. Social innovation in the provision of SGI 5.
Social development 6. Social and economic patterns 7. Residential economy as a component ofdevelopment strategies 8. Physical environment, natural resources and Energy 9. Biodiversity conservationand sustainable development 10. Energy provision and production 11. Climate change
What we want to present is one of the case studies on one of the topics, which also is a case report in the
project: Social Innovation in East Iceland.
The case study is about a creative centre in arts and diverse other activities founded in 2011 in the small
village of Stöðvarfjörður where the people had some years before experienced a heavy shock in theeconomic life due to the closure of a fish factory with a great loss of jobs. The aim of the social innovation
project was to contribute to regeneration of the community of Stöðvarfjörður and to help with maintaining
economic and social activity. We describe the background of the centre, the organisation and the running of
this centre. Further we evaluate the estimated impact of the centre as well as future prospects. This is donewith collection of data and several interviews with stakeholders and owners.

Transport Infrastructure and Regional Convergence: a Spatial Panel Data Approach
Dr. Xavier Fageda1, Cecilia Olivieri
1

University Of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

G16-O3 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This article examines the contribution of transport infrastructure to regional convergence in Spain for 1980–
2008. We employ spatial econometric techniques that decompose the direct, indirect and total effects ofroads, railways, ports and airports. In addition, it complements the analysis by estimating the determinantsof the regional allocation of transport investments. The evidence confirms the presence of absolute andconditional convergence. However, only roads appear to have an impact on this convergence process. We
also find that the main driver of transport investments has been to equalize the infrastructure endowment
between the different Spanish regions. The reduction of inequalities between regions in terms of roadprovision could explain the positive contribution of roads to the process of regional convergence in Spain.

125

The impact of bankruptcy enforcement on payment periods: evidence from the Italian manufactureindustry
Ph.D. Greta Falavigna1, Ph.D. Roberto Ippoliti2
1

Ircres-cnr, Moncalieri, Italy, 2Department of Business Administration and Economics , Bielefeld (NRW), Germany

G09-O3 Regional Finance, Fiscal Issues, Investment or Capital Markets
IUT_Room 304, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This work aims at shedding new lights on the relation between bankruptcy enforcement and firms’
dynamics. The risk of bankruptcy is a relevant topic with significant effects on the market and the society.
On the one hand, there is the necessity to defend creditors’ rights against debtors’ insolvency while, on theother one, there is the necessity to support the national economic system and its reputation on the global
market. Considering the Italian manufacturing industry (more than 250,000 observations) and a panel of 3
years (from 2014 to 2016), authors investigate the relation between the time necessary to define abankruptcy case by courts and the time necessary to re-pay debts by enterprises. In particular, we test the
hypothesis that the efficiency in enforcing debtors’ obligations can affect the decision to submit an instanceof bankruptcy by creditors, increasing the delay of payments.
According to results, ceteris paribus, there is a statistically significant positive relation between bankruptcy
enforcement and payment periods, confirming the key role of judiciary in firms’ dynamics. Indeed,decreasing the time necessary to define a bankruptcy case by 10 %, we can expect to decrease the payment
periods by 0.5%. The policy implications of this result could be relevant. Indeed, the policy maker canreform the national bankruptcy law and its current procedure to support the national economic growth,without additional costs for the public budget.

Gender balance rules in Italian electoral system: which determinants?
Ph.F. Greta Falavigna1, Ph.D Lisa Sella1, Dr. Igor Benati1
1

Ircres-cnr, , Italy

S51-S2 Counterfactual methods for regional policy evaluation: Social and labour policies
IUT_Room 304, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In the last years, social dynamics of gender equality are increasingly analyzed across many fields. In thiscontext, the present work focuses on gender dynamics in politics, analyzing the effect of the Italian electoral
law n. 215/2012 on the active participation of women in municipal elections.
This law introduces “gender balance rules” aimed at fostering female active participation in the politicalarena and fighting the phenomenon of minor representation, and sometimes the exclusion, of women from
Italian political competition at all administrative levels. In particular, the law introduces two mechanisms in
medium and large (>5000 inhabitants) municipalities: a gender quota in electoral lists, guaranteeing that nogender counts more than 2/3, and the double gender preference, allowing electors to express two
preferences if the candidates have different sex.
The availability of panel microdata on candidates in Italian municipalities for the time span 2008-2016,
including the implementation of the electoral reform, allows evaluating its effect in contrasting theexclusion/minor representation phenomenon, getting rid of the endogeneity bias typical of gender studies.
Combining spatial, economic and social characteristics of municipalities with electoral data on candidates
allows an econometric evaluation of factors affecting the female probability of candidacy. This work
proposes an empirical investigation of the main determinants of female participation at the local level. In
particular, the Correlated Random Effect panel data framework is applied, which allows estimating both
between (cross-section) and within (time-series) effects with no unreliable orthogonality condition imposed126between the regressors and the individual unobservable effects. The opportunity to have a panel data
allows, through a counterfactual approach, to observe different behaviors in terms of women candidates
before and after the gender norm, considering different size of municipalities.
Estimation results are in accordance with main findings in the literature. In particular, female participation
declines when average family size increases, implying that higher involvement in domestic activities
generally reduces women’s propensity to political involvement. The negative effect of urbanization degreesuggests that women are more involved in small-scale activities, while the positive effect of female activity
rate suggests that women with higher social capital are more likely to participate in the political arena.
Moreover, CRE unobservable effects show different geographical paths (North/South), probably
representing the unexplained cultural component.
This study provides very relevant considerations for policy-makers to align disparity between men andwomen regarding the access to politics. Moreover, results suggest the most suitable instruments toencourage women empowerment.

Impact of high-speed broadband supply on local economic activity
Dr. Martin Falk1, Dr Eva Hagsten2
1

Austrian Institute Of Economic Research, Vienna, Austria, 2University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland

S03-S1 Engaging with the Digital World: the effects for society, places and individuals
IUT_Room 404, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Attractiveness and efficiency of European universities as hosts for Marie Curie grant holders
Dr. Martin Falk1, Dr Eva Hagsten2
1

Austrian Institute Of Economic Research, Vienna, Austria, 2University of Iceland, reykjavik, Iceland

G17-R2 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 110, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Defining local housing markets using repeat sales data
Daniel Felsenstein1, Prof Michael Beenstock1, Dan Feldman1
1

Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

S36-S1 Real Estate and the Development of Cities and Regions (ERES Special Session)
IUT_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM

A new empirical approach to identify local housing markets (LHM's) is proposed, which focuses on thespatial correlation between local house price indices constructed from repeat sales data. It extends thework of Pryce (2013) who claimed that if housing in different locations are perfect substitutes, their house
price indices should be perfectly correlated over time. Repeat sales data for house prices in Tel Aviv during
1998 – 2014 are used to construct house price indices for almost 100 census tracts. These price indices areused to define LHMs, the number of which varies inversely with the pairwise correlation cut-off, and withthe degree of spatial contiguity. Results point to considerable spatial heterogeneity in house price127

movement. This belies the popular impression that the Tel Aviv housing market is relatively homogeneous,characterized by expensive housing and uniform house price movements.

Does judicial efficiency affect firms' access to external finance? Evidence from the 2013 Italian Reform
Dr Giulia Canzian1, Dr. Antonella Ferrara1
1

European Commission- DG JRC, , Italy

S22-S1 The politics of local and regional development
IUT_Room 303, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Timing of elections and public budget allocations in a federal system
Prof. Jorge Ferreira1, Prof. Alexandre Alves2
1State University of Parana, Campo Mourão, Brazil, 2State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil

S50-S1 Fiscal decentralisation and multi-level governance
IUT_Room 408, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This study analyzes the elections’ timing and its effects in the formulation of municipal policies, dividingthem into two categories: the short-term and the long-term focus policies. Employing the instruments
provided by Game Theory, we built a dynamic set of eight periods with imperfect information, in which two
players (local and central policymakers) decide about the budget formulation policy, oriented to maximize
next elections results. We analyze two models: first, we discuss a staggered election model, in whichelections occur every two years, alternately, to local and central government layers). The second model
explores the possibility of unification of local and central elections, in a synchronized way with thecoincidence of mandates of the studied politicians (local and central governments). Results suggest that thevote-seeking behavior drives to sub-optimal allocations in both models, in a kind of anticipation effect.
However, we highlight differences among incumbents’ anticipation effect: its intensity is higher in local
allocations than in central ones, because central expenditures increase local incumbent’s image more thanthe opposite. Moreover, in synchronized elections, the deviation from optimal allocation would be lower
than in staggered ones.

Proximity and mobility
Dr. Marie Ferru1, Dr Bastien Bernela1, Dr Alain Rallet2
1

University Of Poitiers - CRIEF, Poitiers Cedex, France, 2University of Paris Sud - RITM, Paris, FranceG(01+02)-O2 Mobility and Digital Transformations
IUT_Room 408, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Torre & Rallet (2005) interestingly questioned the confusion often made in the geography of innovation
literature between spatial agglomeration and spatial proximity: co-location is not always explained by aneed for proximity and proximity does not always result from co-located actors. More precisely, authors
demonstrated a disjunction between the need for face-to-face interactions (i.e. spatial proximity) and colocation since 1) organised proximity allows remote coordination and 2) actors ubiquity capacity allows
them to develop temporary geographical proximity. In this article, space is the key issue to explain128

coordination between actors. The relationship was also mainly studied in a static way as the proximitygroup’ studies did during this period.
Space was at the heart of the initial questioning since time taken to move and coordinate seemed crucial(temporary proximity). Today, the issue is much more related to the ability of actors to coordinate in realtime. Time is nowadays major in actors behaviour and space has to adapt to it (see for instance commercial
infrastructures physically "reinstalled" to respond to new consumer (cf. Rallet and Aguilera, 2018) or work
behaviour (co-working spaces).
We propose to follow up Rallet &Torre (2005) consideration and advance the geography of innovation by nolonger putting the space variable at the heart of the questioning but the time variable. The temporalequivalent to the proximity-location relationship leads us to deal with the proximity-mobility relationship.
Introducing the mobility issue is a way to introduce the indispensable temporal perspective in the proximity
approaches, a perspective that has been sought in recent years but which has remained limited until now.
Indeed, the mobility’ analysis makes it possible to consider the "deformations" of proximities as actors
move, have occasional encounters...
This new articulation (ie. proximity-mobility) makes possible to raise crucial issues related to thecoordination of actors in space. Initially Torre & Rallet (2005) focused on the location-proximity relationshipby questioning the sequence according to which 1) it is necessary to be co-located 2) to interact face-to-face3) thus leading to the spatial agglomeration of the actors. The relationship between mobility and proximity
would rather question a new sequence: 1) the actors are multi-localized and 2) coordinate each other at
different scales simultaneously through synchronization in real or delayed time 3) leading to a coupling
between physical concentration and decentralization (eg. warehouses and rallying points/distribution or the
Facebook model and its global platform of small communities).

The Price of Houses: Theory and an Application to Italy
Prof. Davide Fiaschi1, Mr Giovanni Millo, Mrs Angela Parenti1
1

Università di Pisa, Pisa, ITALY

G11-R1 Spatial Econometrics
MILC_Room 308, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
We analyze the housing data in line with Holly et al (2010)'s analysis of the housing market in the US. The
main focus is on the behaviour of house prices versus income. In the first step of the analysis a consistent
cointegrating model of house prices under common unobserved factors is estimated. Factor loadings arealso obtained, which estimate the strength of the reaction of each communality to national factors. Then, ina second step, the (defactored and stationary) model residuals are investigated from a spatial viewpoint toassess the presence of spillovers and other kinds of spatial interactions between provinces. The results are,interestingly, much different from those standard in the literature.

The Drivers of Inequality Across European Regions
Prof. Davide Fiaschi1, Mrs Lisa Gianmoena, Mrs Angela Parenti
1

Università di Pisa, Pisa, ITALY

G11-R1 Spatial Econometrics
MILC_Room 308, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The most significant stylized fact emerging from the recent literature on European regions is that the crossregional GDP per worker distribution is characterized by the presence of two peaks and displays spatial
129

agglomeration (Fiaschi et al, 2017; Baumont et al., 2003; Le Gallo et al., 2003; Le Gallo and Ertur, 2003;
Fischer and LeSage, 2015).
The presence of spatial clubs in European regions has direct implications for the design of European
Cohesion Policy (see, e.g., Farole et al., 2011) and poses serious
concerns on the feasibility of a plan of higher fairness among the populations of EU state members as
proposed by Juncker (2014), as well as on the long-run (in)stability of European institutions, which appears
permanently mined by a pervasive tendency to regional disparities (De Grauwe, 2014).
Several, and potentially complementary, candidates for the observed inequality among the EU regions havebeen advanced in the literature: i) local technological spillovers (Erthur and Koch, 2007), ii) (spatial)
heterogeneity in human capital (Glaser et al., 2004), iii) the quality of institutions or other unobserved or
not-easily measurable variable with (spatial) heterogeneity as the ``culture'' advanced by Tabellini (2010).
This paper aims to analyse the sources of inequality in terms of GDP per worker looking at a large sample ofEuropean regions. To achieve this goal, we propose a simple model to estimate the drivers of spatial
agglomeration which accounts for the role of interregional technological spillovers, physical and humancapital accumulation and reallocation of factors across regions. The model is estimating using a spatial fixedpanel in a sample of 254 NUTS2 European regions over the period 1991-2012 and it is then used to evaluate
the contribution to EU regional inequality of interregional technological spillovers, regional heterogeneity inhuman capital, and unobserved regional heterogeneity. Finally, we attempt to explain the estimatedunobserved regional heterogeneity in terms of ``culture'' (Tabellini, 2010).
We find that the contribution of interregional technological spillovers is crucial for explaining regional
inequality and polarization, estimated unobserved heterogeneity (fixed effects) also explains an important
share of inequality, while human capital has not distributional effect. Finally, our proxy for ``culture'' ispositively correlated with the estimated fixed effects but only explained a very low part of the variability.

Corporate Social Responsibility as a common good, new form of territorial proximity
Prof. Maryline Filippi1
1

Université of Bordeaux INRA UMR SADAPT, Paris, Paris, France

S20-S2 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Enterprises are increasingly involved in enhancing sustainability and societal responsibility. This
communication focus on agrifood cooperatives which drive the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes, more inclusive, sustainable and equitable. Farmers in cooperatives could organize
new territorial systems in order to better valorize their products but also to guarantee sustainable goals
takes into account the interests of all stakeholders and consumers. The background adopts the collective
action and cooperative theories (Ostrom, 1990, Cook, 2018), proximity analysis (Pecqueur et Zimmerman,
2004; Torre and Wallet, 2014) and the shared value approach (Porter and Kramer, 2011). We propose a casestudy using an original French database covering all 186 agricultural cooperatives engaged in sustainable
processes, including the 16 certified in ISO 26000 (Afnor 2018) and completed by manager’ interviewees.
The results point out the role played by the Corporate Social Responsibility as a common good due to closeinteractions between stakeholders. The results show that (1) proximity with consumers is a major
motivation in innovating and adopting sustainability practices, thereby rendering (2) local interactions
essential in order to reconcile economic, environmental and social dimensions. We discuss the means usedby cooperatives creating common goods towards more collective and participatory modes of exploitation,
management of territorial resources and new form of territorial proximity.
130

Space needs time needs space: The bias of avoiding spatio-temporal models
Lorenz Benedikt Fischer1
1Johannes Kepler University Linz, , Austria

G12-YS1 Location of Economic Activity (EPAINOS)
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Many questions in urban and regional economics can be characterized as including both a spatial and a time
dimension. However, often one of these dimensions is neglected in empirical work. This paper highlights thedangers of methodological inertia, investigating the effect of neglecting the spatial or the time dimension
when in fact both are important. A tale of two research teams, one living in a purely dynamic and the otherin a purely spatial world of thinking, sets the scene. Because the researcher teams' choices to omit adimension change the assumed optimal estimation strategies, the issue is more difficult to analyze than atypical omitted variables problem. First, the bias of omitting a relevant dimension is approximatedanalytically. Second, Monte Carlo simulations show that the neglected dimension projects onto the other,with potentially disastrous results. Interestingly, dynamic models are bound to overestimate autoregressive
behavior whenever the spatial dimension is important. The same holds true for the opposite case.

The Evolution of Trust in Airbnb: A Case of P2P Home Rental
Prof. Aliza Fleischer1, Prof. Eyal Ert1
1

Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

S04-S1 The digital transformation of tourism in the city
IUT_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

What is Regional Science?
Dr. Henk Folmer1
1

Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, THE Netherlands

S01-S2 Regional Science Footprints of Walter Isard
IUT_Room Amphi 10, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
WHAT IS REGIONAL SCIENCE ?
In the philosophy of science, a distinction is made between the material and the formal object of adiscipline. The former is the subject matter; the latter the point of view under which the material object isstudied. For example, the material object of the main social sciences, psychology, sociology, economics,
human geography, political science and law is the human being or collectives like the household. The six
disciplines differ because of their formal objectives. Psychology, for instance, is the science of the conscious
and unconscious mind of man wheras human geography deals with the location and interaction of people,
their organizations like firms, and the organization and development of their communities in space.
Whereas there is a vast literature dealing with the formal objects of the basic social sciences, it is hard tofind a definition of the formal object of regional science that clearly distinguishes it from the other social
sciences. Of course, the definition of the material object is straightforward. It is the region, i.e. a part of a131larger geographical entity that may range from neighborhoods to parts of a continent. However, there is no
definition of the formal object of regional science.
There are at least two compelling reasons why regional scientists should be engaged in debates about its
formal object. First, it is a matter of scientific purity that a discipline that pretends to be different anddistinguishable from other sciences carefully and meticulously defines its formal object and demarcatesitself from related disciplines, yet has the same material object. A second and the most important reason isthat it may lead to an inventory of under-explored substantive research topics and methods. To fill the gap I
propose the following definition of the formal object of regional science
the systematic integration of the formal objects of the sister social sciences with respect to the material
object of the region.
Based on this definition I point out some new substantive and methodological research areas of regional
science.

Estimation of indirect effects of innovation policies based on science-industry collaborations: The impact
of French TRI policy on non-beneficiary SMEs.
Mr Ruben Fotso2
1

Gate Lse (groupe D'analyse Et Théorie Economique Lyon St-etienne), Saint-etienne, France, 2GAEL (Laboratoired'Economie Appliquée Grenoble), Grenoble, France

G07-O3 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Although knowledge spillovers are at the core of the innovation policy’s justification, they have never been
properly measured by any impact evaluation. This paper fills this gap by estimating the spillover effects of
the Technological Research Institute (TRI) policy in France. The objective of the paper is to analyze andevaluate the indirect impact of innovation programs based on science-industry collaborations to improve
innovation policy decisions. More specifically, it analyzes and estimates the effects of technologicalplatforms on the performance of non-recipient SMEs. For that, we consider the French TRI called"Nanoélec", one of the TRIs based on technological platforms, located throughout France. To evaluate theindirect effects, we focus on geographical proximity by considering that the non-recipient companies
located in treated department are likely to benefit from local knowledge spillovers. To the best of ourknowledge, this empirical work is the first impact study that seeks to evaluate the indirect impact of a TRI
on the performance of SMEs. Technological platforms are one of the preferred tools in France to accelerate
the knowledge transfer from science to industry. Despite their proliferation, their real impact on
performance of the companies remains un-evaluated. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature on
the indirect impact of technological platforms. This work also contributes to the literature on the evaluationof innovation policies based on science-industry relations. Indeed, one of the foundations of these
innovation policies is to generate the knowledge spillover that can benefit non-direct beneficiaries. Despite
the importance of this policy, no empirical study, to the best of our knowledge, has sought to evaluate theindirect effects of these policies. From a sample of 270 SMEs observed over the period 2008-2016, thedifference-in-difference method combined with matching methods tend to show that the non-beneficiarycompanies, located in the treated department significantly improve their socio-economic performance(turnover, financial autonomy and share of managers) compared to control companies located in thecontrol departments. The analysis of the dynamic of the effects indicates that performance does not
improve immediately after the treatment but rather with a time delay. Furthermore, it should be noted thatthe indirect beneficiary companies that effectively benefit from knowledge spillovers are constituted of
local control companies, that is to say, the non-beneficiary companies, located in the control departments,
with similar characteristics than those of treated companies.
132

Globalization, productivity and electoral outcomes: Evidence from Italy
Prof. Andrea Fracasso1, Mr. Mauro Caselli1, Mr. Silvio Traverso1
1

University of Trento, ,S69-S2 The spatial dimension of productivity (OECD Spatial Productivity Lab Special Session)
IUT_Room 101, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
We study whether and to what extent the electoral dynamics in Italy over the 19942008 period can be explained by the development of economic factors associatedwith globalization. To measure the level of exposure to globalization for local labor markets, our main unitof analysis, we use the intensity of import competition from China and the presence of immigrants. Looking
at parties’ political positions andemploying an estimation strategy that accounts for endogeneity and time-invariant
unobserved effects across local labor markets, we find that both immigration intensity and exposure toimport competition from China have contributed positively to the electoral outcomes of far-right parties,
whereas only immigration intensity has increased the vote shares of right-wing and traditionalist/
authoritarian/nationalist parties. Some evidence, albeit not robust, shows that immigration may have also
had a positive impact on far-left parties, thus possibly further contributing toward political polarization.
Moreover, electoral turnout has responded negatively to an increased presence of migrants. While theabove effects seem to work through the mediation of labor markets, our results, especially those related toimmigration, suggest that other mechanisms at the level of local communities are also at play.

Railways, Population Growth, and Industrialization in a Developing German Economy, 1821-1910
Mr Richard Franke1, Prof. Sebastian Braun1
1

University Of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

G16-YS1 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the effect of railways on the spatial economic
development of a German economy, the Kingdom of Württemberg, during the Industrial Revolution. Our
identification strategy compares the economic development of `winning' municipalities that wereconnected to the railway in 1845-54 to the development of `losing' municipalities that were the runners-up
choice for a given railway line between two major towns. Estimates from both differences-in-differences
and inverse-probability weighted models suggest that railway access increased annual population growth by
0.4 percentage points over more than half a century. Railways also increased wages, income and housing
values, in line with predictions of economic geography models of transport infrastructure improvements,
reduced the gender wage gap, and accelerated the transition away from agriculture. We find little evidence
that these effects are driven by localised displacement effects.

133

Depopulation and the Demographic Components of Change: Exploring the Connections in a United States
Context
Prof. Rachel Franklin1, Dr. Eric Seymour2
1

Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 2Brown University, Providence, USA

S41-S2 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Although the United States’ population has increased with every decennial census, ongoing redistribution—
the outcome of migration, but also regional differences in fertility and mortality—has meant that, even as
some areas grow rapidly, others face the challenge of continued population loss. At one level, theclassification of areas as shrinking is straightforward; this label can be attached to any place that lost
inhabitants in a given time period. A deeper look, however, dispels the facile categorization of places as
growing or shrinking: history of change matters, as does the geographic context in which change isoccurring. Moreover, the loss of inhabitants occurs in a variety of ways, demographically speaking: loss of
population through outmigration (or even lack of net international migration) is different from loss throughnatural decrease—an excess of deaths over births. And how a place depopulates is important. It provides
important information about the fundamental attractiveness of a place (do people continue to move there,
on net?), and helps explain the changing characteristics of inhabitants (e.g., their age composition). To
illustrate the value of this perspective, we use U.S. counties as the unit of analysis to differentiate shrinking
areas based on their temporal and spatial context of change. We then assess the demographic sources ofloss for different types of areas, focusing on domestic and international migration, as well as natural
increase/decrease. Our results highlight the diversity of kinds of depopulation that exist across the U.S.
county landscape and emphasize the role of demography.

One policy, different effects: estimating the region-specific effects of EU cohesion policy funds in the longrun
Dr. Paolo Di Caro2, Prof. Ugo Fratesi1
1

Politecnico di Milano - Dipartimento ABC, Milano, ITALY, 2Department of Finance, Ministry of Economy and Finance,
Roma, Italy

S55-S2 The EU Cohesion Policy after 2020 – How to achieve faster and more impactful spending where it isneeded the most?
IUT_Room 303, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Cohesion policy exists in a form similar to the current one since 1989, i.e. after the reform which followed
the Single European Act of 1986. In this long period of time, a large number of academic papers haveinvestigated the impact of the policy, with results which are often not consistent.
In the last periods of time, the focus of the literature has been on the fact that the impact is nothomogeneous, but mediated by the presence of “conditioning factors”, which can increase the impact in
the presence, for example, of human capital or a good quality of government.
However, when estimating the effects of cohesion policy funds on regional economic performance withtraditional estimation models, such as panel fixed-effects or spatial models, the assumption of slope
homogeneity for the different cross-sectional units (i.e. regions in this case) is generally made. This implies
that the estimated effects are equal for all the European regions, or for groups of them.

134

To overcome this, this paper has two main objectives, which are novel contributions to the cohesion
literature. First, from a methodological point of view, it applies the dynamic Mean Group (MG) estimator,
which allows the slope coefficients to differ across panel members, in order to investigate the individual
effects of cohesion policy funds in the different European regions. In the presence of regional differences in
economic structures and a different amount of cohesion policy funds allocated to the different regions over
the years, it is possible that the coefficients of interest show some degree of heterogeneity across regions
and that cohesion policy has region-specific effects on economic and labour market variables.
Using recently made available data on cohesion expenditures covering a period of three decades, this paper
is the first to our knowledge to apply the MG estimator for the analysis of cohesion policy. This method isimportant for disentangling the different patterns of good/bad fund absorption across Europe.
Second, wanting to provide a policy perspective, the paper investigates the causes behind the differences in
the individual coefficients quantifying the effects of the cohesion policy in the different European regions.

Coworking spaces contribution in creating an innovative entrepreneurship ecosystem in cities
Prof. Amnon Frenkel1, Mrs Tsipi Buchnik
1Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

S08-S2 New working spaces, digital transformations and peripheral areas
IUT_Room 408, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The interrelationship between geographical location and social-economic activity have changed in the lastfew decades due to the global economy, technological developments, open innovation strategies culture
and increasing diversification in the workplace (e.g. a-typical employment, multiple job-holding) (Giddens,
1991; Storper & Scott, 2009; Lechner & Boli, 2014). These developments, and the shift to a knowledge
economy, are changing the work market. There has been a substantial increase in self-employed workers in
the last two decades due to advanced technologies that change the conventional office infrastructure andsubstitute it with various alternatives.
Although new communication technologies enable working from everywhere, the need for spatial proximity
in the work environment - a locatable workplace where common creative ideas can be developed – remains
significant. Recently, in many branches, knowledge-intensive work forms became predominant (Knoben,
2006; Wiedmann, et al., 2013). Furthermore, cities that have always been considered as hotspots forcreative work will keep these key functions: being suitable workplaces, as well as residential, cultural, andleisurely.
Since 2005 new forms of workspaces have begun to appear; known as Coworking Spaces "CSs." CSs are
increasingly becoming the preferred infrastructure for creating a work environment adapted to knowledge
workers. At the same time, research on CSs and their suitability for labor force requirements is sufficiently
lacking in depth. The rate of knowledge workers in the world is growing significantly, and a large number ofthem are freelancer entrepreneurs today. In the near future, a considerable part of the workforce will turnto freelancing for which the CSs is the optimal solution.
This study intends to expand the investigation on CSs focusing on the city of Tel Aviv, a city which has
experienced impressive growth of CSs in the past years and is considered as the one of the world’s leading
start-up locations.

135

Roman rule, present-day personality features and socioeconomic outcomes in German regions
Prof. Michael Fritsch1, Prof. Michael Wyrwich2, Prof. Martin Obschonka3, Dr. Fabian Wahl4
1Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany, 2University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, 3Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, 4University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany

S25-S2 Historical Roots of Regional Performance
IUT_Room 415, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
We investigate whether Roman presence in the southern part of Germany had long-run consequences onpresent-day personality profiles of citizens in these regions, with potentially important consequences forthe future socio-economic trajectories of these regions. Did the Roman Limes Wall establish a culturalborderline that still divides today’s Germany in terms of local mentality and character?
To answer this question, we exploit regional-level data from a recent online survey on the Big Five
personality traits in Germany. These data are combined with historical information on the location of the
Roman border, Roman cities, and Roman roads.
Our regression analyses, comparing all German regions , indicate that there is a significantly positive“Roman effect” on the regional levels of extraversion and agreeableness, and a significantly negative effectone on the regional level of neuroticism among today’s population in. Germany. Furthermore, today’s
German regions in the former Roman Empire seem to have a higher entrepreneurial spirit (entrepreneurial
Big Five profile) than other German regions, offering a new interpretation of the already well-establishedfinding that southern German regions that were under Roman rule are economically better developed today
than non-Roman regions in Germany. In order to address questions of causality, we claim that, based on
insights from previous research on the cultural and economic imprinting effect of Romans rule, the Roman
border was drawn in an unsystematic way, in order to secure the minimum area necessary to connect thetwo provincial capitals Augsburg and Mainz. That is also why parts of the Limes follow straight lines (i.e.,
ignoring of topographical conditions). The same also holds true for Roman roads, which usually did not
follow the least-cost path but rather were as straight as possible. To control for alternative sources oftoday’s regional personality differences, we include several historical and geographic controls, as well asfederal state fixed effects in order to further mitigate the possibility of unobserved heterogeneity biasing
the estimations.
We show that the specific character of Southern Germans as formed by the legacies of the Roman Empire issignificantly connected to regional levels of life satisfaction and other socio-economic outcomes, illustrating
the “real world implications” of today’s regional personality profiles that may be traced back to Roman rule.

Employment biographies of East and West German PhD graduates in reunified Germany: Samequalification, same labor market outcomes?
Dr. Michaela Fuchs1, Andreas Rehs2
1

Institute for Employment Research, Halle/Saale, Germany, 2University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany

G05-O4 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
28 years after the German reunification, there is an ongoing public debate about the representation of East
Germans in political, societal and economic elite positions. We enter this discussion by examining the labormarket outcomes of 3,700 native East and West German PhD graduates who completed their dissertation
between 1995 and 2010. In both parts of the country, these graduates can be considered as equallyqualified to enter elite positions and should arrive at similar outcomes with respect to wages and jobs
requiring a high skill level. We link information on the place of birth collected from data on PhD
dissertations in Germany with administrative social security records providing detailed information on136

individual employment and wage biographies. Besides a detailed description of the two groups of PhD
holders, we apply logit models to assess whether there are any significant differences in the wage levels andin the skill level of the obtained jobs. Based on a large set of control variables, first results indicate that after
five years of having received their degrees, East Germans are likely to earn lower wages than native West
Germans when working in East Germany. For those PhD graduates with the place of work in West Germany,
wage differences are not significant. Regarding the occupation of jobs with a high skill level, the findings
show no effect of the place of birth. Instead of having an East or West German origin, it is rather the degreeof labor mobility that seems to plays a role. These first results suggest that labor market outcomes of Eastand West German PhD holders differ to some extent, even though their qualification is the same.

Fishery Resources Exports and Resources Management: An Empirical Analysis on Global Marine Fisheries
Prof. Takamune Fujii1
1

Takasaki City University Of Economics, Gunma, Japan

G14-O1 Energy and Ecological Transition
MILC_Room 410, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
As the deepening of globalization, world trade of fishery resources has sharply increased. Because fishstocks are hard to be managed, sharp growth of fishery trade may cause the overexploitation of world
fishery resources. For instance, the theoretical model developed by Takarada et al (2009, mimeograph)
implies that internationally open access resources may be reduced when they are traded. In this paper, we
examine the effect of trade on the exploitation of fish stocks empirically. The empirical framework is basedon the model of McWhinnie (2009, J. Env. Econ & Man 57.3) to investigate whether international sharedresources are more exploited. Our empirical models are constructed by McWhinnie’s benchmark modeland arranged to examine the relationship between exploitation and trade of fish stocks instead ofinternationally sharing. The empirical results by using micro-level data of fishery trade in EU (6-digit in HScode) and exploitation information by FAO’s “Review of the State of World Marine Fishery Resources”, and
Sea Around Us project imply that the fish stocks are tend to more exploited and tend to be reduced when
they are traded. These results are consistent with the theoretical consequence by Takarada et al., andsuggest that fishery stocks should be more effectively managed to prevent overexploitation.

Unraveling the spatial and temporal cruising patterns with a serious parking game
Mr Nir Fulman1, Prof Itzhak Benenson1, Dr Eran Ben Elia2
1

Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel

S58-S1 Serious Games and Urban Studies
IUT_Room 108, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Understanding the behavior of drivers in response to parking prices and cruising time is crucial forestablishing effective parking policies. We investigate this behavior with PARKGAME, a serious game.
PARKGAME players navigate a virtual road network using keyboard keys in attempt to find parking and walkto a destination before a fictional meeting starts. They cruise the neighborhood of a common destination inattempt to park on-street at a low fee. Parking is always available at a high price at a parking lot that is
located, depending on the scenario, at a different distance from the destination. The player who arrives latepays an additional lateness fee out of a starting budget. Parking sooner and closer to destination is lucrative.
49 participants were recruited to participate in PARKGAME sessions. Players displayed consistent cruising
behavior. Risk averse players repeatedly headed to the lot while risk takers continued cruising even if fined
for lateness. Spatial cruising patterns depend on the relative distance between lot and destination. Game137

experiments made it possible to construct a formal spatial model of individual parking search behavior as abiased random walk towards destination.

Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Innovativeness of Start-ups in Japan: Comparative Analysis between
Social Enterprises and Commercial Enterprises
Dr. Shinichi Furuzawa1, Prof. Lily Kiminami1, Prof. Akira Kiminami2
1

Niigata University, Niigata City, Japan, 2The University of Tokyo, , Japan

G21-O2 Innovation and Entrepreneurship
UdL_Room 106, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Social enterprise and social entrepreneurship which execute dual-mission have potential to contributethe inclusive growth and development of the society. Since the 2000s, social enterprises in Japan haveachieved growth and reached a certain scale in terms of value added and employment of the economy.
However, realizing the sustainable development of the business is difficult while creating highly innovative
products and services as well as solving social problems.
On the other hand, there are various empirical researches about the entrepreneurship and start-ups thatare focusing on the entrepreneurial motivations of entrepreneurs, and institutional and social factors.
However, there is few researches focusing on factors affecting the innovativeness of star-ups from theviewpoint of comparative perspective between social enterprises and commercial enterprises.
The purpose of this study is to clarify socio-economic factors affecting the innovativeness of start-ups inJapan by using the multi-method approach. It simultaneously clarifies specific factors for the social
enterprises based on the comparative analysis between social enterprises and commercial enterprises.
Specifically, quantitative and qualitative analyses are used in this research. Firstly, exploratory andconfirmatory multi-variate analyses are applied to the micro-data at enterprise level based on the Survey on
Actual Conditions of Start-ups in 2013 (conducted by the Japan Finance Corporation, Comprehensive
Research Institute). Secondly, Text Mining method is applied to the document data collected from therepresentative cases of start-up in innovative social enterprises. Finally, based on the analytical results,
some practical and policy implications will be drawn for the development of the social enterprises in Japan.

Rebuilding a learning space in the city: spatial and socio-cognitive effects of using a 3D virtual world at
schoolMs Martine Gadille1
1

Aix Marseille Univ, National Center For Scientific Research, Laboratoire D'economie Et De Sociologie Du Travail, Pertuis,
FranceG(01+02)-O1 Cities, Regions and Digital Transformations
IUT_Room 404, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In this paper we deal with the spatial and socio-cognitive processes at stake for students and their family
when a three-dimensional collaborative virtual world is used at school. The technology of 3D-virtual world isbroadly used at home by young people aged 11-14 when they play with the current generation of online
video games where people are embodied by avatars in immersive environments. Inversely, the uses of thistechnology in the secondary school with an educational purpose has not followed the same spreading in all
countries, even they have been in existence for over 20 years. But the new educational challenges such asteaching personalisation, associated to the spreading of digital tools and communities seems to coincidewith a resurgence of interest in this technologies and their accelerated uptake in education. A literature hasdeveloped since the 2010 focusing on the assessment of techno-pedagogical uses of 3D virtual worlds and138their interest for learning design and teaching practices with the purpose to better know when and how
they can be successfully used. It acknowledges that learning technologies, when used well to carry outtasks, allow high engagement and active learning between school and life. The originality of our proposal is
to identify from the educational uses of a virtual world in a secondary school, the restructuring effects, atthe urban level, of a learning space. Two kinds of changes are identified through observations. Firstly, weshow how uses in class are shaping uses at home. We focus on the performative effects of embodied
cognition, allowed through avatars, on social proximity between teachers and students. Secondly, we argue
that this spatial reconfiguration of learning by extending the traditional physical space of the classroom in a
virtual world challenges the coherence of public policies in the face of a new form of digital divide in thecity. The ability to collaborate within the territorial network of education actors is therefore challenged to
improve the digital knowledge associated with distributed digital equipment.
We use a qualitative method with ethnographic observations from the emergence of the project (20172019). A participatory action research approach has enabled us to collect diverse data:- interviews of teachers, students, territorial actors- videos of virtual world based tasks- videos of students in class when using their laptop to run 3D-world based tasks- statistical exploitation of digital traces of connections to the virtual world platform.

Does Foreign Direct Investment Generate Economic Growth in Emerging Countries and Their Regions?
Case of Central & Eastern Europe
Prof. Zoltan Gal1
1

Centre for Economic & Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy Of Sciences, Pécs, Hungary, 2Kaposvar University, Kaposvar, Hungary

G09-O1 Regional Finance, Fiscal Issues, Investment or Capital Markets
IUT_Room 304, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the host economy has attracted much research. Despite
the literature is inconclusive it seems to agree that any positive effect of FDI on growth is largest in
developed countries. However, in spite of this FDI is considered a panacea for the fundamental problems of
economic growth in emerging transition countries including CEE where FDI became main source ofinvestments from the 1990s. Post-socialist transformation is characterized by high dependency on FDI
channeled by foreign MNCs into Central and Eastern Europe. The main aim of the research is to analyze theimpact of FDI on growth, gross fixed capital accumulation, wealth creation (GNI per capita) on both macrolevel and subnational level in CEE. Since the outbreak of the crisis, not only FDI inflows decreased but also
the role of foreign capital in promoting economic growth have been revised. The research relies on theanalysis of a panel dataset containing time series data for the period 1990/95-2016/18 on Visegrad 4
countries. OLS regression and Granger test were used to statistically verify our presumptions. GDP growthrate, Gross Fixed Capital Formation, GNI per capita, export and import, employment and savings rate are
selected as dependent variables; FDI inflows/stocks, banking/portfolio investments used as independent
variables, and control for (financial, technology and infrastructure development) and institutional variables.
Our preliminary results do not find strong correlation between GDP growth and FDI. Domestic savings andother development indicators are the most important factors for endogenous growth. Concerning thecausality the paper would like to test (Granger) whether the FDI generate higher growth or higher level ofdevelopment is explanatory factor.
It also examines the territorial impact of FDI on the overall economic growth as well as on regional
disparities across selected regions. It compares the regions with deeper integration into global value chainsthrough MNCs and examines regional disparities generated by the spatially selective FDI. We argue that139

positive impact of FDI on regional performance to a large extent depends on the degree of embeddednessof MNCs in the regional economy and the socio-economic conditions of the given region. The overall growtheffect and spillovers of FDI can not be confirmed even in regions being the most attractive for internationalfirms.

What kind of geographic and organized proximity between farmers and collective catering in Burgundy ?
Ms Delphine Gallaud1
1

AgroSup Dijon – UMR CESAER, Dijon, FRANCE

S21-S2 Circularities and proximities : stakeholders, scales, ressources
UdL_Room 106, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Many European countries are now conscious of the importance of shortening food chains and thatcollective catering can be a lever to attain this goal (Morgan & Sonnino, 2010) because of the amount ofpurchases of the public sector especially for canteens. But, in most cases shortening the food chainsremains a voluntary process for organizations. The goal of this communication is, using the theoreticalframework of the economics of proximity (Gilly & Torre, 2000), to analyze how farmers and collective
catering build organized and geographical proximity and how the two kind of proximity connect to eachother. Do actors manage to build specific territorial resources (Colletis & Pecqueur, 2004) with local foodchains? We surveyed, farmers inscribed in an on line directory “Loc Halles”, created by a collective
authority, the regional council of Burgundy. We get 40 answers from the 64 local farmers inscribed on “lochalles” directory. We will use the answers to build a typology of the farmers in relation with their organizedproximity to the collective catering. As a first result, we see that transactions are markets transactions for all
the farmers and very temporary relationships. All the farmers are in geographic proximity with therestaurants because the inscription on “loc halles” is possible only for the farmers that belong to the region.
So the building of territorial resources seems be low in the region. We can also build a typology of
producers that sell to collective catering and of those that does not sell their products in that kind of shortfood chains.

Urban concentration and employment growth: A cross-country analysis
Dr. Roberto Ganau1, Prof. Andrés Rodríguez-Pose1
1

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), London, United Kingdom

S39-S2 Understanding urbanisation at a global scale: definitions and empirical analyses (OECD and European
Commission)
IUT_Room 202, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This paper investigates empirically whether and how urban concentration is associated with country-levellong-run economic dynamics, defined in terms of employment, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita,
and labour productivity growth over the period 2000-2016. The empirical analysis, which is based on asample of 108 developed and developing national economies, exploits novel, globally-harmonised data on
urban population defined at the Functional Urban Area level. The empirical results suggest that the
beginning-of-the growth period degree of urban concentration is associated negatively with employment
growth over the period 2000-2016, while a positive association emerges with respect to GDP per capita andlabour productivity growth. In addition, the relationship between urban concentration and economic
growth is sensitive to various sources of heterogeneity.

140Regional de-industrialisation in Europe
Prof. Giulio Cainelli1, Dr. Roberto Ganau2, Dr. Marco Modica3
1

University of Padova, , Italy, 2London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), , United Kingdom, 3Gran Sasso
Science Institute, , Italy

G04-O12 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The study of the transformations of the productive structures – i.e. the structural change of an economic
system – has a long-standing tradition in economics that goes back to the contributions of the classic English
economists and of Karl Marx. More recently, this debate has seen a renovated interest in economic
geography and regional economics. By adopting a case study approach, several works have focused on thedeterminants of the industrial decline of urban areas, local productive systems and regions. One example isTurin (Italy), where the automotive industry, together with its ancillary industries, have seen a contraction
during the last decades due to the advantages related to other production specialisations. Many more
examples could be given, with reference to the United States and other European territories. In general,
however, what it is important is that the interest in the study of de-industrialisation and economic
structural change processes is not limited to regional economics and economic geography, but it involves
also other fields of research. For example, the decline in urban manufacturing, with the consequent
destruction of low-skilled labour, is highly associated with the emergence of populism. Many studies on
Brexit and the electoral success of Mr. Donald Trump in the United States identify the regional deindustrialisation process as one of the key factors to explain these political events. In spite of this renovatedinterest, there is a lack of works that, abandoning the case study approach, investigate systematically thedeterminants of the manufacturing decline at the regional level. The aim of this paper is to contribute tothis debate by identifying the main factors behind the de-industrialisation process of European regions. Thisis done using a new dataset collecting information on 260 European Union regions − defined at the level 2of the Nomenclature des Unités Territoriales Statistiques − over the period 2003-2015. The empiricalanalysis employs spatial econometric techniques, and the preliminary results suggest that the deindustrialisation process tends to affect centrally located regions, where the local economic structure is able
to shift from traditional and labour-intensive productions to services-oriented activities. On the contrary,
peripheral regions characterised by a relative specialisation in primary industries seem to maintain arelatively high level of manufacturing production.

Effects of Highway Capital and Quality on Regional Economic Growth - A Study on German Counties
Mr Dennis Gaus1, Dr. Heike Link1
1

German Institute For Economic Research (DIW Berlin e.V.), Berlin, Germany

G08-O1 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.
The hypothesis that public capital fosters private productivity has been in the research focus for decades,
and a low, yet significant positive effect has found wide-ranging evidence. Spillovers, i.e. effects across theborders of investing regions, have seen increasing attention. Little research has been done, however, on thesymmetry of effects and the role of infrastructure quality.
Claims for higher maintenance investment into German transportation infrastructure (TransI) are maderepeatedly. As the economic mechanism indicates that decreasing functionality of TransI endangers
141economic prosperity, this paper empirically addresses the question whether investment into TransI,
specifically the German highways, influences economic growth from the perspective “(How) Does
maintenance investment of TransI, causing fluctuating TransI quality, influence economic growth andproduction efficiency?”
The paper employs a stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to explain inefficiencies based on a translog
production function with highway asset value and conditions as “shifters”, accounting for spillovers throughthe use of a spatial (SLX-)model. An AR(1)-corrected feasible GLS estimation with panel-corrected standard
errors is applied to provide a starting point for the maximum-likelihood based SFA.
Yearly data for the 401 German counties (Landkreise) for the period 2007-2016 are combined from(regional) national statistics, data from the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt), and own calculations.
Regional asset values of the highway network are derived through topographical information in
combination with a category-specific perpetual-inventory model of TransI asset values, while quality isdetermined using the pavement and construction quality assessment data of the BASt.
Preliminary results support the expectations and previous research: the spatial production function shows
an elasticity of output with respect to highway capital of 0.1, while spillovers, i.e. regional growth caused byTransI investment in other regions, amount to 0.4% per 1% increase in the supra-regional asset value. With
respect to highway conditions, the data support the hypothesis that lower road quality relates to a decreasein economic output: the effect is insignificant with regard to the Autobahn network, but the quality of themore regionally branched Bundesstraßen has a significant negative impact with elasticities of -0.04 locallyand -0.21 interregionally. The next step in the ongoing work is to include bridge conditions as part of TransIquality. Furthermore, the model is to be estimated in a SFA context to identify inefficiencies and explain theimpact of TransI quantity and quality in this environment.

Start-up: the rediscovery by the ecosystem of the victorious entrepreneur?
Dr. Nathalie Gaussier1, Pr. Claude Lacour2
1

Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France, 2Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France

S18-S2 Entrepreneurship and local development: symbiosis and/or dissonance?
UdL_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This paper highlights the main theoretical issues to understand the operation of start-ups in metropolitan
ecosystem(s). It is a question of discussing the strong ideas in the form of contextual research hypotheses
likely to carry a renewed theoretical framework. The method is based on the analysis of the literature, thetheoretical frameworks and the modalities of their renewal. It is also nourished by a monographic approachand preliminary investigations. The paper discusses and highlights seven fundamental hypotheses that are
illustrated in particular from the study of the Bordeaux metropolis.
We discuss hypothesis 1 of a theoretical renewal of entrepreneurship and start-ups, both a shift and atheoretical mirage carried by the term ecosystem. Hypothesis 2 makes it possible to return to thecharacteristic traits of the entrepreneur, made of symbols found again: single-handed but also united withhis ecosystem. Hypothesis 3 questions the renewed practice of the technological and digital economy,
which finds in the ecosystem the means of describing different scales and worlds. Hypothesis 4 questions
the role of actors and public policies, important operators in the construction of start-ups ecosystems that
do not have the same representation of the ecosystem as the start-ups themselves. Hypothesis 5 returns to
the dominant territorial model, the symbols of the success and fragility of start-ups. The role of theecosystem in its multi-scalar dimension is considered in hypothesis 6. Finally, the last hypothesis emphasizes
the role of externalities necessary for the development of start-up ecosystems, both urban andmetropolitan. Our attention to entrepreneurship and start-ups leads to a research protocol that questions
142

more widely the representations and readings that can be envisaged for regional science, territorial andurban development.

Spatial concentration and deconcentration of economic activity in Yakutia
Dr. Tuyara Gavrilyeva1, Nikita Bochkarev2, Yana Afanasyeva3
1

Institute of Engineering & Technology of North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation, 2Department ofRegional Economic and Social Studies of the Yakutian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk,
Russian Federation, 3Institute of Mathematics and Information Science of North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk,
Russian Federation

G12-R1 Location of Economic Activity
MILC_Room 308, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The paper is devoted to the analysis of the main trends in the spatial distribution of various types of
economic activity in Yakutia. The Yakutia (the largest region of Russia that area is 3.1 million sq. km) is
extremely sparsely populated. There are dispersion spatial system, complicated transport logistic and highcosts for life-support due to extreme climatic conditions. The main task of research is obtaining ofstatistically significant gravity models on various samples, whose characteristics can be used to obtain
indicators of settlement's economic resilience in condition of a sparsely populated region. Database of
research: open data of state and municipal statistics for 411 settlements of Yakutia for 2006-2017 period. A
matrix of transport distances in winter period was developed. On its basis, panel data on the geographicalpotential were obtained, and the reverse indicator – agglomeration potential – was proposed. For the firsttime in Yakutia, the geographically weighted regression method was used to test hypotheses: on therelationship between the volume of agricultural production and the availability of markets, as well as the
agricultural lands area; on the impact of people’s income and agglomeration potential on the small
business; on the relationship between the volume of production of large and medium-sized enterprises,
agglomeration potential and amount of investments. The direct relationship between the volume ofagricultural production and lands area, as well as the availability of neighboring markets, is substantiated. In
addition, agglomeration potential directly related with dynamics of production of large and medium-sizedbusinesses, as well as small and micro enterprises.

The results of the Russia's presidential elections (2008, 2012, 2018) in Yakutia as a reflection of social
protestDr. Tuyara Gavrilyeva1, PhD Anna Naberezhnaya2, Sergey Fedulov3
1

Institute of Engineering & Technology of North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation, 2Financial andEconomic Institute of the North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation, 3Institute of Mathematics andInformatics of the North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation

G15-R1 Segregation, Social and Spatial Inequalities
IUT_Room 205, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The Russian Federation, due to its huge area and complex ethnic and confessional composition, is a uniquestate. Despite unified legislation, most internal social and economic processes are heterogeneous. However,there is a consolidation point - the presidential elections in Russia, where the majority of citizens cast theirvotes for the main candidate from the state. Vladimir Putin wins the elections with an overwhelming
advantage (63.6% of votes in 2012 and 76.69% of votes in 2018). In 2008, the state candidate was Dmitry
Medvedev; he also won by a large margin (70.28% of the vote). This reflects a certain long-term pattern of
power in Russia where an unconditional person should lead the country.
143

In these conditions, certain conclusions about the state of society allow us to make an analysis of the voting
results for the main opponent, who took 2nd place. The main opponent in the presidential elections in
Russia in 2008 was Gennadiy Zyuganov (in Russia - 17.72%, in Yakutia - 20.1%), in 2012 - he again (in Russia 17.18%, in Yakutia - 14.4 %), and in 2018 - Pavel Grudinin (in Russia - 11.77%, in Yakutia - 27.25%). The shareof votes for him in Yakutia was the highest among 85 regions of Russia. This is still an important topic forscientific and public debate in the region and Russia as whole. What could have affected this? Perhaps, thekey factor is poverty, one of the highest in Russia. In 2017, 20.3% of the population were poor, and in 2012 16.7 %, in 2008 - 19.0%. In addition, it is the result of rapid penetration of information technology in society.
A number of experts note that Grudinin as alternative was actively advertised through the WhatsApp is themost popular messenger in Yakutia.
This study is devoted to the analysis of factors of the voting population of Yakutia for the main opponent as
a way of social protest reflection. Database of research: open data of state and municipal statistics for 411
settlements of Yakutia for 2006-2018 period. These data will be compared with data on voting for the mainstate candidate and the main opponent in the presidential elections of Russia in 2008, 2012 and 2018.

Labor market integration of second generation immigrants
Ms Antje Fanghänel1, Dr Matthias Geissler2
1

Ifo Institute Dresden Branch, Dresden, Germany, 2TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany

S45-S1 Social mobility & Inequality
IUT_Room 205, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Long-term integration of immigrants into societies of target countries necessitates integration into the labormarket. Contrary to first generation immigrants, their offspring (second generation migrants) are subject tothe same formal institutions as native peers, but empirical evidence suggests that they underperform in thelabor market, what leads to persistent inequalities. Augmenting research on labor market entry and income
differentials, we focus on under-employment and over-education between second generation immigrants
and their native peers. Using German Microcensus data, we employ decomposition for binary outcomes to
identify major sources of performance gaps. We find differences in labor market outcomes such as
unemployment, underemployment and over-education. In line with previous literature, our decomposition
results show that higher unemployment of second generation immigrants is mostly due to lower
educational attainments. Furthermore there is a large unexplained variance, which hints at the persistenceof informal institutions like values, norms and attitudes passed on within families. The unexplained varianceshrinks when looking at underemployment and vanishes completely when focusing on over-education.

The Knowledge-Capital Model: The Case of Intra-Asian Foreign Direct Investment
Dr. Murat Genc1, Ms Anh T. N. Nguyen1, Prof. Alfred Haug1, Prof. Dorian Owen1
1

University Of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

G09-R1 Regional Finance, Fiscal Issues, Investment or Capital Markets
IUT_Room 303, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Employing a panel dataset of bilateral inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) for 31 Asian
countries and territories over the period 2001-2012, we estimate the knowledge- capital (KK) model to findthe dominant type of FDI within Asia. We consider alternative estimation methods to deal with zero values,
which form the majority of the bilateral observations. Based on a series of model selection and diagnostic
tests, we conclude that Lognormal Hurdle and Poisson Pseudo-Maximum-Likelihood are the mostappropriate. Controlling for host and source country characteristics, our ﬁndings suggest that vertical FDI is144

the dominant type between Asian countries. However, we find little empirical evidence in support of the KK
model’s predictions for its key variables, such as total GDP and skill difference, when country fixed effects
are included. Some factors (distance, trade costs to both source and host country, the GDP difference
between source and host country, and a common spoken language) are found to have statisticallysignificant impacts on the volume of FDI between Asian countries, regardless of whether or not fixed effects
are included.

Land use change and zoning change at parcel scale : how many, where and why ?
Prof. Ghislain Geniaux1, Mr Bertrand Leroux
1

Inra Ur 767 Ecodéveloppement, Avignon Cedex 9, France

G10-O4 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper focuses on the methodological advances and scientific results of the Urbansimul project(https://urbansimul.fr). Urbansimul is a decision-making tool for urban planning and land prospecting
developed as part of a long-term partnership (2009-2019) between research (INRA, Cerema), the regional
public actors (PACA Region, DREAL PACA) involving local authorities in urban planning (municipalities,
intermunicipalities) and public land acquisition structures (EPF).
Thanks to access to a spatial microdata on land and house property (DGFIP), land and house prices (DVF)
and digitalized municipal land use plans on more than 5 million parcels monitored annually from 2007 to2017, has enabled us:- to built an unique learning database for the statistical analysis of land use changes and land market
dynamics.
- to systematize the identification of available developable land: this type of information is essential toaccurately assess the land supply, which is a key variable in urban economics (see Géniaux, Napoléone andLeroux 2015, RERU),- to design several prospective models at the parcel scale on the probabilities of land use changes, onbuilding capacities and land supply, and on population dynamics at the communal level.
UrbanSimul's prospective models are based on methodological advances in spatial econometrics in bigdata(Géniaux and Martinetti (2017) RSUE, Martinetti and Géniaux (2017) RSUE, see R packages mgwrsar andProbitSpatial) and machine learning (boosting with spatial autocorrelation). These methods aim in particular
to predict the constructive capacity of parcels and their probability of becoming built using a very wide
range of descriptors of the land owners, the zoning and urban regulations, the physical constraints, theneighborhood contexts and past regulators behaviors in urban planning management. Without going into
detail on the estimation tools, this paper will introduce a new conceptual framework for modelling the links
between estimated parcels conversion probabilities and zoning change decisions. Our proposal is based on
both the assessments of these probabilities of land use change and observed zoning changes over 10 years(more than 167730 parcels of 374 municipalities with zoning changes). The challenge here is to be able toidentify the areas with a very high probability of zoning change in future municipal land use plans. A
quantitative assessment of 10 years of evolution of local urban planning in the PACA region will also be
carried out, illustrating the main mechanisms that govern zoning developments following the SRU and UH
laws in France.

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The Relationship Between Creative Class and Gentrification: A Case of Yeldeğirmeni
Ms Büşra Gezer1, Ms Zeynep Enlil2
1

Yıldız Technical University, Beşiktaş , Turkey, 2Yıldız Technical University , Beşiktaş , Turkey

G13-O2 Real Estate and Housing Markets
UdL_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In the literature, the emergence of creative class which is called artists, bohemians or new middle class bydifferent researchers is concerned with development of creative industries in urban centers in process ofurban reconstruction. A creative class has emerged by the fact that the service sectors which could beorganized in a post-fordist production organization in contrast to fordist production organization and whichprioritize technology and creativity have filled fields emptied by industry sector in urban centers. Within
scope of study the relationship between creative class and gentrification in the context of its effects on
urban centers on local scale through Yeldegirmeni-Kadıkoy is focused. In order to understand changing
process in Yeldegirmeni, semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2 different sections with different
user groups. According to results of interviews Yeldegirmeni which is a very attractive settlement by artists
due to its features (historical and cultural identity) has entered the changing process in which rental andproperty values began to increase with increase in the number of art workshops and cafes in years of 20132014. This process defined as 1st stage of gentrification has been followed by 2nd stage of gentrification inwhich households with low income have been displaced by student groups, the shopkeepers who wereunable to cope with increased rents have been displaced by cafes and craftsmen who are settled elementsof neighborhood culture in Yeldegirmeni have been displaced by artists. The neighborhood life of
Yeldeğirmeni where it is possible to see signs from 3rd stage of gentrification today faces danger ofextinction due to weakening of neighborhood relations. The issue of which role should be taken by whomagainst this danger was discussed together with actors interviewed and study was concluded with'conclusion' chapter in which findings of field study were evaluated in associated with literature.

Determination of Potential Second-tier Cities in Turkey and Performances Analysis
Ms Büşra Gezer1, Ms Ferhan Gezici Korten2
1

Yıldız Technical University, Beşiktaş , Turkey, 2İstanbul Technical University , Şişli , Turkey

G05-YS2 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In light of developed and developing countries literature about 'second-tier city' concept, Turkey's potential
second-tier cities will be determined among 81 cities depending on the performance changes in'demographic and economic growth' and 'social, physical and institutional development' in this study. For
this aim, an inductive method is adopted which depends on the respectively forming research problem,
research questions and hypotheses and testing hypothesis with two-step cluster analysis. In cluster analysis,
the number of cluster is defined as '8'. Thus Turkey's 81 cities are divided into eight separate cluster foreach year according to the proximity of performance to each other and related cluster centers in the abovementioned categories. The cluster analysis which will allow the determination of Turkey's potential secondtier cities through performance change depends will conduct between 2007 and 2017. Afterwards, theperformance changes of the second-tier cities will be examined in two different periods in the same period.
The first period subject to the examination of performance change is the crisis period, the second is thepost-crisis period. In addition, in the cluster analysis both for the determination of second-tier cities and forthe examination of their performance changes, year of 2010 when Turkey's economy was in welfare andbalance will be chosen base year. The reason for this is to avoid misleading effects of crisis years on results.
Thus, performance changes of the cities will be examined by going to the years after base year and by going146

to the previous years. After identification of Turkey's potential second-tier cities and explanation ofpotential changes in their performance, growth and development dynamics of the cities will be investigated.
Finally, in the conclusion section of study, the policies for second-tier cities in the literature will be examined
together with the prominent policies within the scope of this study.

Determinants and Types of University-Industry Collaboration: Case from Techno-Parks in Turkey
Prof.Dr Ferhan Gezici1, Dr. Burcu Müderrisoğlu2, Dr Güliz Salihoğlu3, Prof.Dr. Gülay Başarır4, Associate Prof.Dr.
Cemil Ceylan11Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey, 3Gebze Technical University,
Istanbul, Turkey, 4Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Istanbul, Turkey

G07-O5 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In the global economy of the 21st century, innovation has become dominating activity for competition
among the cities and regions. Literature on innovation and regional development has long been discussed
on to what extent geography and proximity between different agents matters for innovation, since it is
known that innovation is not a linear process, but more complex. Therefore it is especially a process ofcooperation and collaboration not only among the firms, but research institutions, government and otherlocal stakeholders as well. Meanwhile techno-parks have established based on the triple helix approachenhancing the role of universities for knowledge spillovers and spin-offs. While collaboration among thefirms and universities for R&D have a positive impact on innovation, it is also identified as one of the successcriteria for techno-parks.
Consequently, types of collaboration and main determinants to explore the process have long beeninteresting research topics.The studies of Bjorke and Johnnson (2015) and Howels and Bressant (2012) try to
explore the types and determinants of collaborations among actors for innovation. Empirical studies fromdifferent countries highlight the importance of proximity for collaboration, whereas firms within the same
techno-park would have more chance to do it, not only with other firms but the university as well.
Furthermore firms would get benefits of university in order to access external linkages and knowledge.
According to Temel et al. (2013), the most important methods in establishing university-industry
collaboration are; common R & D, spin-offs and informal relationships. Firm type is also significant to realize
the actors which are involved innovation process. While the small firms have generally been neglecting,findings of researches put forward that large firms have stronger ties with the university. In addition to this,the spin-offs may provide knowledge spillovers from the university.
This paper aims to explore the types and determinants of collaboration in technoparks. Since technoparks
have been considered as important tool for innovation policy of Turkey and the number of technoparks has
been increasing continously, the findings of the research would provide insights for the policy implications.
Two technoparks (Mersin and Erciyes) which are among the first ten high rank ones are selected for the
purpose of our research. Survey is conducted with both the firms and academicians from university to
explore the main motivations for different types of collaboration mainly with university, among the firms
within technoparks and the other actors out of technopark.

147

Interregional Mobility and the Personality Traits of Migrants
Dr Masood Gheasi2, Mr Daniel Crown1, Ms Alessandra Faggian2
1

The Ohio State University, , , 2Gran Sasso Science Institute, ,S41-S6 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper contributes to the interregional migration literature by estimating whether individual personality
traits, which are typically unobservable in survey data, influence the propensity to engage in interregionalmigration. We specifically examine the big-five personality traits of: extraversion, openness to experience,
conscientiousness, agreeableness, and emotional stability. Our findings suggest that individuals with higher
levels of extraversion and openness to experience are more likely to migrate. Moreover, individuals withlow levels of agreeableness and emotional stability are more likely to migrate multiple times. Overall, ourresults show that the personality traits are significant factors in the migration decision. To the extent that
personality traits are rewarded in the labor market, these unobservable traits will confound naïve estimatesof the pecuniary return to migration.

Exploring R&I collaboration networks in Cohesion policy funded projects: a benchmark for the evaluationof Smart Specialisation policy
Mr Carlo Gianelle1, Mr Fabrizio Guzzo1
1

European Commission - Joint Research Centree, Seville, Spain

S54-S1 Evaluating Smart Specialisation: early evidence on policy implementation and economictransformation
IUT_Room 304, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This paper analyses the complex network structure of collaborations projects in research and innovation
financed under the European Cohesion policy. It aims at constructing an empirical benchmark to evaluate
the effects of the Smart Specialisation policy, once complete data will be available.
Using micro data from Italy covering the Cohesion policy programming period 2007-2013 – before theadoption of Smart Specialisation – we map inter-organisation collaborations on a weighted, undirected
graph. We first verify the extent of which the network exhibit small-world properties, then we look at theconnectivity distribution of nodes (organisations), and highlight the role of important hubs. In particular, weanalyse the function of research institutions, universities, and regional university systems in guaranteeing
network integration and potential long-range knowledge flows.
Based on the evidence gathered, we the formulate a series of hypotheses regarding the effects of the Smart
Specialisation policy on the structure of research and innovation collaborations and we translate them into
network topological properties that can be empirically investigated.
The contribution of this study to the literature is twofold. First, it provides a detailed analysis of theemerging topological characteristics of the inter-organisational collaboration network at a national scale,based on information on the participating organisations, and offers a range of insights on how the emerging
network structure shapes knowledge creation and diffusion. Second, it provides a clear empiricalcounterfactual against which to identify the effects of the Smart Specialisation policy adopted by theEuropean Commission as a guiding principle for investment in research and innovation starting from 2014.

148

How local geography shapes firm geography
Dr. Valentina Giannini1, Prof. Donato Iacobucci1, Prof. Giulio Cainelli2
1

Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy, 2Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy

G12-O1 Location of Economic Activity
MILC_Room 309, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
When growing firms often decide to expand by adding new productions in similar o related sectors. This canbe done by setting-up new business units (internal growth) or by acquiring existing firms (external growth).
In general, the geographical proximity to the headquarter facilitates the communication and theorganization between the established firm and the new units; however, the need to specific knowledge andresources of the proximity to the market may result in choosing a different location for the new unit.
Up to now the relation between the location choices and the internal organization of firms has not been
fully investigated.
This paper proposes a methodology to define and measure the geography of firms, i.e. the degree ofdispersion of their business units, and to investigate the factors influencing such geography.
We expect that the geographical dispersion of productions units depends not only on the strategic choicesof firms, such as the degree of diversification, but also from the characteristics of the context in which theleading firm is located.
In the empirical analysis, we associate the business units to the different companies belonging to the samebusiness group. Our sample is composed by a novel dataset of about 16,000 Italian business groups
developed by using the BvD Amadeus database containing information on joint stock companies (called
head of the group) and their own subsidiaries. The empirical analysis aims to investigate how the structuralcharacteristics of a Local Labour System (LLS) may influence the geographical dispersion of these units.
Moreover, we analyse the effects of local productive specialization and diversification on the geography ofbusiness groups. We also test this relationship focussing on the role played by the membership to anindustrial district and local variety on firm geography.
Our expectation is that the geographical dispersion of firms is influenced by both productive specializationand diversification at local level. This evidence is further confirmed when we consider manufacturinggroups. In this case firm geography seems to be affected by the membership to an industrial district and to
local variety. This analysis has several policy implications. The most important is related to the role ofdiversification as driver of some of the strategic choices made by firms. In fact, interventions associated tothe so-called Smart Specialization Strategy (S3) can have positive effects not only on the local development
patterns but also on the strategic decisions of many firms.

Concentration of address network in Polish rural areas
Dr Piotr Gibas1, Prof. dr hab. Krystian Heffner1
1

University of Economics in Katowice, Katowice, Poland

S49-S1 The retail chains development and changes in service patterns in small towns and rural areas
IUT_Room 203, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Compact character and density of development are especially important among the features of spatial
structures of villages and characteristics of rural areas that support development and improvement of living
conditions. It is a factor facilitating infrastructural and social integration that often determines availability ofvillage structure to external users. Demographic potential of rural settlement is also important. It
economically justifies sustaining its basic service sector and development of public spaces of the centre
characteristics, including the elements of the core nature (i.e. clear system of hard-surfaced roads andstreets). It is also conducive to emergence of service, industrial and multi-family housing developments in149

the forms that make existing spatial structures of villages even denser. If we consider the aforementioned
features of settlement structures occurring in rural areas, the assessment of the level of development
density in various types of communes in Poland and determination of spatial distribution of thisphenomenon seems to be a justified objective of the paper. Research of distribution and intensity of thisphenomena can be assessed through analysis of proximity of 7.3 m address points in Poland. The
assessment of the state and progress of this phenomenon enables indication of areas of various quality ofurban settlement structures with respect to activities related to improvement of infrastructure, possibilities
of investments location and social activation.

In which cities do we like to live? Empirical analysis employees' attitude to the cities
Prof. Marina Giltman1, Dr. Viktor Pit2, Dr. Maria Batyreva1, Elena Sumik1
1

University Of Tyumen, Tyumen, Россия, 2NTC Perspectiva , Tyumen, Россия

G04-O10 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Attracting talented employees to the cities leads to the concentration of high-quality human capital, andthus to their successful economic and social development. Employees are the main taxpayers andstakeholders of social and economic policies pursued in cities, so it is necessary to understand whichcharacteristics of a city are important for attracting and/or retaining talented employees. So far we do nothave enough knowledge about what kind of city amenities contribute to a positive attitude among
employees towards the city where they live and/or work. Exploring this could be important for the empiricalresearch into the frameworks of the theories of local labor markets and compensating differentials, as wellas in the designing of social policies in cities. In our research we applied three theoretical frameworks: Local
Labour Market Model (Rosen, 1979; Roback 1982; Moretti, 2011), Concept of Compensating Differentials(Coelho, Ghali, 1971; Greenwood et al., 1991) and the Branding of Places approach (Kavaratzis, 2005; Virgo,
de Chernatony, 2006; Baker, Cameron, 2008; Merrilees et al., 2009; Zenker, 2011; etc.). The study
presented is based on unique microdata collected by the authors using surveys of the employed populationof 20-64 years in the administrative centers of the Ural Federal District (Russia), with a total of 2,520
respondents. We applied ordered logit regression to estimate how the city amenities, the individual
characteristics of the employee and the size of individual wages affect employees’ attitudes to the cities.
The results showed that both wages and city amenities have a significant impact on the employees’
attitudes to the cities. From the city amenities the most significant were those from the group “Urbanityand diversity”, such as institutions of art, culture and leisure; effective system of municipal governance;transport infrastructure; health care system; kindergartens and schools. The group “Nature and recreation”(in our case landscapes and climate) had a lower impact but were also significant. Individual wages have astrong and significant impact on employees’ attitudes to the cities. Thus it could be assumed that lower
satisfaction with the city amenities of an employee could be compensated by higher wages. The obtained
results can be explained based on the economic theories approach as well as on the concept of city
branding. The results of the empirical research can also be used in the designing and implementation ofsocial policies in cities.

150

Rural Boys, Urban Girls? – Internal Migration and the Gendered Labour Market in Sweden
Dr. Peter Håkansson1, Dr. Peter Karpestam2
1

Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden, 2Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden

S26-S2 Comparing local and regional development within and between countries – what information anddata is needed?
IUT_Room 202, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The labour market in the new ‘service and knowledge-oriented society’ based on digitalisation is skilledbiased and routine-biased. This means that innovation, as previous innovations, favours skills, but also leads
to routine based work to become automized. In this paper we analyse the new labour market from agendered labour market perspective. The new jobs arise in the city. Historically, there has been a surplus of
women in urban areas and a deficit of women in rural areas in Sweden. The new labour market seems toincrease these differences. By using longitudinal data from Statistics Sweden and descriptive statistics, wefind that after the turn of the new millennium, women move with a more clear purpose than men: they
move to gain career opportunities. Women move more often from unemployment to employment, thanmen. Furthermore, they move more often than men do to start studying.

Spatial effects of digital transformation. An analysis on the example of an automotive R&D network
Mr Jonas Glaesser1, Dr Michael Bentlage1, Prof Dr Alain Thierstein1
1

Technical University Of Munich, Munich, Germany

S02-S1 Digital and spatial transformation: structures and relations in the knowledge economy
IUT_Room 402, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Green and smart building innovation diffusion on property markets in Europe: An empirical analysis
Dr. Michal Gluszak1, Dr. Agnieszka Malkowska1, Dr. Bartlomiej Marona1
1

Cracow University Of Economics, Krakow, Poland

G13-O1 Real Estate and Housing Markets, UdL_Room 106, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In recent two decades, several important innovations have emerged and been adopted in the built
environment across the world. Amongst the most prolific technological innovations are green (sustainable)
and intelligent (smart) buildings design. The adoption of that innovation was particularly visible in thecommercial property market. In the case of sustainable design, the process has been facilitated by the
emergence of independent third party governance institutions and the development of green building
certification systems.
In many cases, the process of innovation diffusion is a spatial phenomenon that manifests ashierarchical/cascade or contagious dispersion of given technological advancements. Since Hägestrands(1953) seminal work on the mechanisms of spatial diffusion of innovation the problem has been discussed
theoretically and investigated empirically in regional science. The diffusion of innovation has also beenaddressed in business and economic research.
We analyse the spatial diffusion of sustainable innovation across commercial property markets in Europe.
Using a panel of major European office markets observed from 2008 to 2018, we trace the diffusion ofgreen/smart building innovation diffusion in Europe, both over space and time. We focus on four major
green building certification schemes: LEED developed in the US, BREEAM from UK, French HQE and German
151

DGNB. In the empirical part, we use data from public directories of office buildings registered within given
certification schemes and information on major office markets in Europe (mostly office stock). In the
research, we address the role of selected economic and institutional variables acting as barriers and drivers
for spatial diffusion. We investigate the adoption of new technologies by analysing the fraction of innovative(green/smart) office space in particular office markets.

How digitalization shapes regional labor markets: Evidence from job vacancy data
Dr. Maximilian Goethner1, Dr. Martin Kalthaus1
1Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

G03-R1 Big Data and Regional Science
IUT_Room 404, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Modeling Spatial Supply Chains
Dr. Yicheol Han1, Prof. Stephan Goetz2, Prof. Claudia Schmidt2
1

Korea Rural Economic Institution, Nasu-si, South Korea, 2Pennsylvania State University, State College, United States

S28-S1 Applying a Complex Adaptive Systems Approach to Regional Economics: big data, network analysis,
and computational theory
MILC_Room 310, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Do Urban Redevelopment Incentives Promote Asset Deterioration? A Game-Theoretic Approach
Dr. Roni Golan1
1

Tel Aviv University, , Israel

G06-R1 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In order to decrease the objection to redevelopment initiatives, policy-makers frequently adopt measuresthat offer economic incentives—such as additional property rights—to homeowners on the land intended
for redevelopment. However, the period between the announcement of the intention to redevelop and theimplementation of the new construction often extends over a long time period. This study uses a gametheoretic framework to examine the effect of the incentives to redevelop on the quality of the existing
housing stock during the extended pre-implementation period. We show that the option to redevelop may
accelerate deterioration. Moreover, we identify circumstances under which there exists a unique Nashequilibrium where, in order to discourage objections of other homeowners, those who support
redevelopment intentionally lead to structure deterioration during the pre-redevelopment period. Our
results highlight the need to shorten the time-period between the adoption of a policy intended toencourage redevelopment and the implementation of redevelopment.

152

Typology of Regional Innovation Systems in Poland
PhD Anna Golejewska1
1

University of Gdansk, Faculty of Economics, Sopot, Poland

G21-O3 Innovation and Entrepreneurship
UdL_Room 106, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The concept of Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) has developed into a widely used analytical framework
which generates empirical base for regional innovation policy. The aim of the paper is to examine RIS in
Poland in 2004-2016 and to classify them due to their innovation potential and technical effectiveness. The
analysis is based on different data sources: published and unpublished and covers NUTS-3 sub-regions (72units according to territorial breakdown of 1 January 2015). The unpublished data include following
variables: share of enterprises which have incurred outlays for the innovative activities; share of enterprises
implementing process or product innovations; share of companies collaborating in the field of innovationand share of new or modernized products in total production sold in industrial companies. It covers
industrial enterprises employing more than 49 people. The data is extracted from innovation statements inindustry (PNT-02).
The methodology employed in the analysis includes: exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis and dataenvelopment analysis (Buesa et al. 2006, 2010). It was assumed that every region has its RIS. Systems withthe highest innovation potential and effective at the same time have been recognized as strong RIS. The
results show that there have been substantial differences among Polish sub-regions as regards the strengthof innovation systems. Low degree of their crystallization poses a challenge for local governments. Lack ofcooperation causes fragmentation of Polish RIS.

The economic impact of international agreements for GHG mitigation
Dr. Alexandre Lopes Gomes1, Ms. Murilo Mazzotti Silvestrini2
1

Federal University São Carlos, SOROCABA, Brasil, 2São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brasil

G14-O3 Energy and Ecological Transition
MILC_Room 410, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper analyses which countries need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as part of the overall
goal of reducing emissions to the ideal level, as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC, and which countries will suffer the largest reduction in gross production value (GPV). To identify thesecountries, the study uses the input-output (IO) and linear programming (LP) methodologies in multi-regional
matrices, modelling scenarios of global GHG emission reduction to simulate different international
agreements. The database comes from the WIOD headquarters for the year 2009. The results show thelargest reduction in GHG and GPV in India and China. In a more ambitious scenario of reduction, the UnitedStates increases its responsibility and Russia becomes the country with the largest emissions reduction. The
economic impact is largest in countries that have the most intense GHG emissions, and in the countries thatmake up the BRIC. This study allows us to explore the LP-IO methodology, demonstrating the importance ofanalysing the effect of international agreements and the use of cleaner productive structures.
Keywords: GHG Emissions; International Agreements; Multi-Regional Input-Output; Linear Programming.

153

What drives regional business cycles in Europe?
Ms Ana Gomez-Loscos1, Mr. Eduardo Bandres2, Ms. Lola Gadea2
1

Banco de España, Madrid, Spain, 2Universidad de Zaragoza, , Spain

G08-O7 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The aim of this paper is twofold. First, to identify regional business cycles in Europe, obtaining datings ofbusiness cycles that allow us to identify possible groups of regions and to assess how interdependence inEuropean regions has changed over time, paying special attention both to the euro cash changeover and theglobal financial crisis. Second, to determine the driving forces behind each group of regions, that is, toidentify the economic, cultural and social factors that may help explain regional business cycles. We identify
five different groups of European regions. Moreover, we find an increase over time in regional businesscycle synchronization. We detect that the variables that play the most important role to identify groups ofregions are those related to well-being and geography and culture.

Unfair Competition: The Illegal Trade Practices in the Western Border of Paraná State and its Impacts on
the Brazilian Economy
Dr Carlos Goncalves1, Dr Cristiano Stamm1, Dr Ricardo Luis Lopes2
1

Western Parana State University - UNIOESTE, TOLEDO, Brazil, 2State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil

G04-O9 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Paraná is one of the main states of the Brazilian economy in regards to agricultural and industrial
production. In addition to the importance to the country's economy, Paraná has a peculiar characteristicthat is the presence of 139 municipalities in the "Western Border Region", establishing limits with Paraguay
and Argentina. This peculiarity demands from the Paraná rulers differentiated strategies to promote thegrowth and development of this Region. One of the problems observed in the municipalities of Paraná close
to the border is the illegal entry of goods produced in Paraguay and Argentina, which compete unfairly withthe products of companies in the region and throughout the country. Among the main smuggled goods arecigarettes, vehicles, electronics, computer equipment and others. (this research will not address weaponsand drugs). According to data from the Brazilian Federal Police, in 2017 about US$ 172 million in goods wereseized, just in Paraná state. In addition, according to data from the Institute for Economic and Social
Development of the Border - IDESF, it is estimated that seizures made by the federal police represent
between 5% and 10% of the total illegal products entering the country. Than, the total value of illegal
border trade can exceed US$ 1.7 billion. Based on the above considerations, the present study intends toanalyze the impact of the smuggling practices on the Paraná Western Border Region economy and theconsequent spillover effects on the rest of the country. This impact will be measured using an interregional
input-output system built for the 27 Federative Units (68 sectors 128 products). The data regarding illegal
entry of products will be made available by the Economic and Social Development Institute of the Border IDESF and by Federal Police. It is known that products that enter the country illegally through the Paraná
Western Border will not be all consumed within Paraná state, so a Gravity Model will be used to predict thevalue of illegal goods that enter through the Paraná Western Border and go to others Federative Units. It
will make possible to identify the spillover effects of the illegal entry of goods by the Paraná Western Borderin each Brasilian state.

154

Embeddedness and decoupling dynamics of innovation processes in circular economy: insights from
agrofood projects
Mrs Danielle Galliano1, Ms Amélie Gonçalves1, Mr Pierre Triboulet1
1

INRA - UMR AGIR, Castanet-tolosan Cedex, France

S21-S1 Circularities and proximities: stakeholders, scales, ressources
UdL_Room 106, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.
Even if it is based on several principals, the main one is that circular economy intends to be non-linear,based on the creation of loops (circularities) in which the wastes produced by some actors become
resources for other ones. The building of these circularities implies innovations that can take place withindifferent territorial scales. The main goal of our research is to characterize the innovations on which thebuilding of circularities in the agrofood sector is founded. Our question is thus: What are the scales anddynamics of coordination, resources circulation and even resources production in circular economy
initiatives held by agrofood actors, and what are their explaining factors? We undertake a comparative
analysis of three types of initiatives. The valuation of biomass thanks to collective methanation projects, thevaluation of by-product by distilleries and the creation of feed and food products from new circular
cooperations. We conducted semi-structured interviews with the main actors of 8 initiatives, using a mixed
method from economic sociology, the quantified narratives method, particularly suited for the analysis ofprocesses of innovation and their dynamic of embeddedness / decoupling. We observe different dynamics
according the nature of the circular economy project. Collective methanation is based on knowledge andsome coordination that didn’t exist before on the territory. They imply organisational innovations
structured in the long run around the adoption of technical innovations and the absorption of theknowledge that goes with it and is usually brought by non-local actors. The valuation of by-products bydistilleries is a more typical diversification strategy founded on internal resources and the absorptive
capacity and will of one or two persons in the firm. The feed and food multi-stakeholder projects seems tobe “in the middle” as they hybridise the logics of methanation and distilleries projects. Beyond thesedifferences, common characteristics of the projects can be found: importance of already existing local
personal networks, of key individuals that carry out the process and of the sector and regulatory contexts.
These processes, whatever their nature, are strongly locally embedded, from a relational and geographicalpoint of view. However, they aren’t entrenched in local, as non-local demand and knowledge are essential
for them. In other words, the closing of material loops at a local scale remains partial and we can observe
local knowledge loops but – rather classically - strongly tied to global pipelines.

Post-Suburbanism and Governance in times of cooperation, competition and conflict
Prof. Jorge Gonçalves1, Prof. Beatriz Condessa2, Msc Margarida Santos3
1

Citua - Instituto Superior Técnico - University Of Lisbon , Lisbon, Portugal, 2Citua - Instituto Superior Técnico - University
Of Lisbon , Lisbon, Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal, 3Citua - Instituto Superior Técnico - University Of Lisbon , Lisbon, Portugal,
Lisbon, Portugal

G06-O7 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The peripheries of Lisbon, Portugal, were created at an accelerated speed from the fifties of the lastcentury, in a "pull and push" mode, that is, as a necessity and an imperative. An imperative because of thehundreds of thousands of ill-housed families who came to the city to escape the poverty of the countrysideand responding to the appeal of a capital in affirmation. It was also a necessity for the Portuguese state,155

impotent at that time in resources and organization. This gave rise to the creation of this suburb made up ofvery unequal housing and infrastructures designed to house the largest number at the lowest cost.
The urban growth occurred by spreading existing spaces, by leapfrogging taking advantage of the best
opportunities and, more recently, by filling interstitial voids. It was also due to legal, informal and illegal
urban planning processes, often carried out by a coalition of interests not always clear. The final result wasan unusual, complex and little articulated urban form, conditioning the present and future metropolitan,
aggravated by the existence of an extensive estuary that segments the metropolitan area of Lisbon.
These dynamics, and even many of the principles and values underlying it, suburbanization as aphenomenon and suburbanism as a form of social appropriation, were not only losing meaning but
contradicted the new widely agreed goals in the New Urban Agenda (UN- Habitat, 2016). The challenges
that are posed to a suburban territory governance in crisis and transition - post-suburban governance - iswhat we intend to discuss and illustrate here in Lisbon, using the preliminary results of the MetroGov3C
research project and articulating three aspects: Stakeholders, Instruments and Dimensions.

Social inclusion of small coffee farmers of Tolima (Colombia) in the Global value chain
M.A Janeth Gonzalez Rubio1, Doctor Alexander Blandón López1, Economist Gerardo Pedraza Vega1
1

Universidad Del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia

G08-R1 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The purpose of this research is to analyze the social inclusion schemes for the small farmers of special
coffees of the Department of Tolima with particular attention to the case of the municipality of Planadas in
the context of their productive insertion efforts within the global value chain during the 2010-2016 period.
The case study includes the 23 special coffee associations of the municipality that meet the project criteria
and which were reported by the Secretariat of Agricultural Development and Food Production of theGovernment of Tolima for the year 2017. Likewise, it links other stakeholders in the chain such as coffee
growers, international buyers and government institutions. The theoretical framework focuses on theanalysis of the global value chain, which is adapted by the authors for the analysis of regional value chains.
This incorporates analytical categories proposed by Gereffi and Korzeniewicz (1994) and Kaplinsky (2000),
mainly economic structure of the value chain (input-output structure), governance and systemic efficiency.
The study is motivated by the spirit of knowing: How do the small and medium producers of special coffees
in the municipality of Planadas become linked in the global value chain (GVC)? Competitive strategies are
explored to facilitate the participation of small producers of specialty coffees in the generation anddistribution of a greater added value in the chain, with emphasis on direct purchasing schemes that reduce
the participation of intermediaries and tend towards the formalization of productive activities of small
farmers. The National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia has traditionally controlled the different
links in the coffee value chain from the supply of inputs, sowing, storage and export of coffee and thespecial coffee segment. However, the present study focuses on associative schemes outside the scheme of
the National Federation of Coffee Growers. In development of the project, it is studied the participation ofintermediaries that facilitate the link with global purchasing entities in the municipality of Planadas, such as
Lohas Beans, Inconexus, Caravela, among others, and their interaction with associations (23) which are
made up of 1,338 members distributed in 67 of the 99 villages that make up the rural area of themunicipality (Gobernación del Tolima, 2017).

156

The effect of the 2012 Spanish law reform to protect mortgage debtors on regional foreclosures andmortgage loans
Dr. Rafael González-Val1, Dr. Miriam Marcén2
1

Universidad de Zaragoza & IEB, Zaragoza, Spain, 2Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

G13-O1 Real Estate and Housing Markets
UdL_Room 106, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
From 1999 to 2005 the Spanish housing market was characterised by an extraordinary boom, which
increases house prices (euros per m2) by 117%. This housing bubble had a crucial role on the impact of theinternational financial crisis beginning in 2008 in the Spanish economy. After 2008, during the GreatRecession, house prices dramatically decreased and unemployment increased. At the same time, thenumber of defaults on the repayment of mortgage loans and foreclosures significantly raised.
In this paper, we examine the effect of the Spanish law reform passed in 2012 to protect mortgage debtors.
Under this new regime, low-income debtors that meet some requirements can hardly be evicted and, incase of default, the bank is forced to offer the debtor a restructuring of the debt or even, as a last resort,the debtor can deed the property over to the bank as an alternative to having the lender foreclose on theproperty.
We consider data from 50 Spanish provinces (NUTS III regions) from 2001 to 2017. By using panel data
models with fixed effects, linear and quadratic region-specific time trends and other relevant control
variables at the regional level (house prices, inflation and unemployment rates), our results reveal that thereform had a significant effect, reducing the number of foreclosures and new mortgage loans, but this effect
was transitory, fading after four years.

The Spanish spatial city size distribution
Dr. Rafael González-Val1
1

Universidad de Zaragoza & IEB, Zaragoza, Spain

G17-O5 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper focuses on the spatial city size distribution in Spain. We apply the new distance-based approach
by González-Val (2019) to analyse the influence of distance on the city size distribution parameter, byconsidering the Pareto and lognormal distributions and using data from the Spanish municipalities in 2011.
Considering all possible combinations of cities within a 200-km radius, our results indicate that the Pareto
distribution cannot be rejected in most cases regardless of city size. Placebo regressions validate our results,
thereby confirming the significant effect of geography on the Pareto exponent. This means that the Pareto
distribution fits well city size distribution for cities of all sizes as long as they are located nearby. Thus, weemphasize that the proper statistical function of city size distribution (and the fulfilment of Zipf’s law) is amatter of distance, rather than size. On the contrary, the lognormal distribution is only valid for shortdistances.

157

Territorial quality and the spatial transmission of public expenditure: the effect of firm’s legality rating in
the Italian procurement market.
Dr. Giuseppe Francesco Gori1
1

IRPET, Florence, Italy

G04-O1 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Public procurement represents an important lever of the economic and budgetary policies of the various
levels of the public administration. In the Eurozone, the volume of expenditure on goods, works andservices carried out by public administrations represents about 16% of GDP and 29% of public spending.
A crucial aspect in the public procurement debate, is the selection of firms, which affects the magnitude of
public expenditure’s growth-enhancing effect via its spatial distribution.
To this regard, a peculiar instrument encompassed by the Italian procurement legislation - i.e. the firm’s
legality rating - is aimed at promoting and introducing principles of ethical behavior in the businessenvironment.
The rating is part of a more general aim to reduce the information asymmetry that characterizes therelationship between the company and the contracting authority, thus reducing the selection costs for thelatter and limiting the incidence of some of the pathological phenomena of the Italian public procurement
market (corruption and mafia infiltation).
The purpose of our work is twofold: we identify the role that this rating system has (i) in improving rated
firms’ performances in terms in terms of volume of awards and in terms of efficiency in the execution phaseof the contracts awarded and (ii) in affecting the spatial transmission mechanism of public expenditurefavouring the market penetration of well rated firms in territorial areas carachterised by a poor social andinstitutional quality. We resort to a rich dataset of procurement contracts concluded between 2012 and2017 in Italy and we identify the causal effect of this policy using quasi-experimental methods to selectsuitable controls among firms which do not have a legality rating. In doing so, we control for pre-treatment
differences between treated and controls accounting for several firms’ characteristics, including financial
and organizational ones.

Regional Labour Market Resilience in Romania
Prof. Zizi Goschin1
1

Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania

S40-S3 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Many of the attempts at empirical analysing regional resilience to economic crises are based on labour
market indicators, such as employment and unemployment. Unemployment rates have long stayed
relatively low in Romania, even during economic crises, due to large work out-migration, employment in
subsistence farming, early retirement, etc. Nevertheless, regional labour market inequalities persisted
despite a long-run convergence trend. The economic crisis impacted the counties with different intensity,
depending on their specific resilience, thus aggravating pre-existing regional problems and deepening thelabour market disparities. In this context, we explored the long run convergence in regional unemployment
rates, focusing on the effects of the recent economic crisis. The results at NUTS3 level indicate a significant
impact of the crisis through a clear change in the beta convergence speed both during and post-crisis.
Although initially the developed counties seemed less resilient, being hit harder by the recession (due tocloser links with international commercial and financial flows), they were also the first to recover, exploiting
their better economic resources.
158

Confusion of regional representations in the discourses of the Schéma Basse Seine
Mr Nathan Gouin1
1

Université De Rouen , Rouen, France

G06-O3 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
By the analysis of a planning project carried out in Normandy during the 1960s, the aim is to show that theuse of the term “region” by regional development’s actors refers to a plurality of geographicalrepresentations, which has big consequences on territorial policies.
The “Schéma Basse-Seine” (SBS) is a planning document edited in 1969, during the beginning of the French
regionalization and shortly after the regional division of 1960 (Circonscriptions d’Action Régionale), which
gathered several departments. This institutional division does not fit to the academic conception of theregion at this time, led by several figures as Etienne Juillard, Jean Boudeville, or François Perroux, for whom
the metropole influence define the regional area. This definition was also used by the DATAR (Frenchdelegation of regional planning) in the “métropoles d’équilibre” politics (1963).
This duality can also be found in the discourses of the SBS actors, as the term “region” designs both theinstitutional space delimited by the regional division (Haute-Normandie region) and the spacecorresponding to the polarized theory of region (“Bassin parisien”). The word “region” therefore stands fora repertoire of loosely articulated ideas leading to confusions and manipulations from some actors,
especially about metropolitan project in Haute-Normandie.
This will be demonstrated using discourse analysis on a corpus including all the strategic documents edited
during this planning project. Actor discourses will be classified according to the regional representations towhich they relate: institutional or polarized region.
We will conclude on the crucial importance of the words in regional development analysis, inspiring by
critical geopolitics and discursive institutionalism works, which highlight the main role of ideas andrepresentations contained by discourses on the construction of space and public policies.

The contribution of cultural heritage to circular city-region development
Antonia Gravagnuolo1, Luigi Fusco Girard1, Karima Kourtit2, Peter Nijkamp2
1

CNR IRISS, Napoli, Italy, 2JADS, Den Bosch, The Netherlands

G04-O10 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The concept of circular city defines a city/territory in which the circular economy (CE) model of sustainableproduction and consumption is applied, “closing the loops” of urban metabolisms in terms of flows ofmaterials, water, energy and wastes. Circular cities and regions are those in which no wastes and othernegative environmental externalities are generated, while productivity is enhanced through wastes reuse,
reduction of raw materials extraction, repair, refurbishment, etc. A circular territorial system is that in whichurban metabolisms are “closed”, enabling economic growth decoupled from resources consumption.
Circular cities are productive cities, reducing costs of materials as well as costs of production processes
through synergies, increasing the quality and quantity of outputs, reducing the costs of negativeenvironmental externalities. This enhanced ‘productivity’ should be seen as multidimensional, with relevant
impacts on human and ecosystems health, longer-term economic growth (more independent fromresources availability and prices volatility).
159

Cultural heritage (CH) regeneration and adaptive reuse can play a key role for the achievement of a circular
city-region. It reduces soil consumption by re-generating existing buildings and sites with new functions, andvalorises the embedded energy of constructions. CH can have positive impacts on local economies, jobs andenhancing attractiveness of cities for residents, visitors and enterprises. It also generates positive social
impacts enhancing quality of places, and thus quality of life and wellbeing, enhancing place attachment andcare through its symbolic values, it contributes to local communities’ bonds and civic attitude.
The circularity of economic, social and environmental processes can be enhanced through CH regeneration
and adaptive reuse. However, the costs of heritage regeneration are high and careful evaluation is needed
to create evidence of net positive impacts of heritage investments and their contribution to sustainable
development, in the perspective of CE and ‘closed urban metabolisms’.
This work develops a set of criteria and indicators for integrated urban metabolisms assessment that take
into account flows of materials, water, energy and wastes, but also social, cultural and economic flows toassess the contribution of cultural heritage regeneration and adaptive reuse to the realization of circular
cities and regions. A methodological proposal based on integration of multicriteria analysis and metabolisms
assessment is developed to assess the impacts of cultural heritage adaptive reuse for circular urban-regional
development.

The Contrasting Importance of Quality of Life and Quality of Business for Domestic and International
Migrants
Kate Preston1, David Mare1, Arthur Grimes1, Shaan Badenhorst1, Stuart Donovan2
1

Motu Economic & Public Policy Research, Wellington, New Zealand, 2Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands

G17-O5 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
We examine whether bilateral regional migration flows are driven by the Quality of Business (QB) of a city
or by the city’s Quality of Life (QL). The QB and QL measures correspond to those of Chen and Rosenthal
who construct each measure based on (quality-adjusted) rents and wages in each city. Following theinsights of Rosen and Roback, a city that has high rents and high wages must have productive amenities thatenable firms in that location to afford the high factor costs (thus the city has high QB). A city that has highrents and low wages must have attractive consumption amenities to compensate residents for the low real
wages in that location (thus the city has high QL). Our measures are constructed for 31 urban areas in New
Zealand using five-yearly census data covering 1986 to 2013.
Having compiled these measures of QL and QB, we use a gravity model of regional migration – augmented
by destination and origin QL and QB – to model bilateral flows of working-age migrants (post tertiary
education and pre-retirement age). We also model flows between these urban areas and rural areas andflows for the urban areas to and from overseas locations. Thus we bring together two well-groundedmodels from the urban economics literature within a single modelling framework.
Incorporation of international as well as inter-urban migration flows produces evidence of starkly different
attractors for international versus domestic migrants according to the type of city amenity. Internationalmigrants are much more attracted to cities that are based on productive amenities whereas domestic
migrants are more attracted to places with strong consumption amenities. Thus, in deciding on the type ofcity amenity to enhance (e.g. a port that facilitates business or a concert hall that facilitates consumption),city officials are implicitly choosing the type of migrant that they attract and hence the type of city that may
result.
160

Distributional implications of international clean energy investment : evidence from CDM investment inBrazilMr Swaroop Rao1, Dr David Grover1
1

Grenoble Ecole De Management, Univ Grenoble-Alpes ComUE, Grenoble, France

G14-O2 Energy and Ecological Transition
MILC_Room 410, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Since 2004, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol has facilitated more than US$
550 billion of new investment into low and middle income countries, much of which is supporting clean
energy infrastructure and related energy projects. An explicit objective of the CDM is to promote‘sustainable development’. Most definitions of sustainable development describe development thatprioritizes equality of opportunity in the development process and/or equity in the distribution of thebenefits of development. There is growing concern that these equity objectives are being over-ridden by
economic efficiency concerns.
This paper examines distributional issues connected to CDM investment flows using new project- andmunicipality-level data for Brazil. It examines the distribution of CDM investment, projects, and GHG
emission reductions across municipality quintiles in terms of municipality economic prosperity and income
inequality. The analysis also explores which characteristics of CDM investment projects associate withlocalisation in relatively poor municipalities and in relatively unequal municipalities. At least in Brazil, CDM
investment is flowing disproportionately to more prosperous municipalities and, to a lesser extent, to moreunequal municipalities. CDM projects can create significant employment effects, particularly for certain
types of projects widespread among CDM projects in Brazil, like biomass energy projects. The equitable
distribution of projects is an issue that needs to be addressed better by the national authorities responsible
for approvals of the siting of projects. Ongoing and future climate pact negotiations should give greaterattention to intra-country distribution issues with CDM and other similar clean energy investment insofar as
it is envisioned to play a role in sustainable development.

The Impact of Quality of Place on the Locational Choice of Heterogeneous Talents: An Economic
Geography Model
Dr. Yaning Dong1, Dr. Yun Gu2
1

Peking University, , China, 2Capital University of Economics and Business, , China

G17-O5 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper constructs an economic geography model for the new spatial economics, exploring themechanism of the impact of the quality of place on the location choices of heterogeneous talents.
Specifically, we build a heterogeneous, talent location choice model after integrating the environment andclimate, non-tradeable public services, non-tradeable private services, and accessibility to consumption intoa unified framework. Our simulated results show that: 1) improving the environment, public service, andhousing supply can increase the welfare of talents, and thus lead to the influx of talents; 2) when choosing
between two regions with the same quality of private services, talents migrate in a one-way pattern andagglomerate in the region with higher variety of services; while with differentiated quality in service, a twoway (i.e., moving out and back) migration mechanism appears with a “turning point” affecting talents tomove out or back. The quality and variety of, and the accessibility to the consumption of, non-tradable
private service influence the “turning point”. Improvements in the variety and intra-regional accessibility to161the consumption will promote the talents’ moving back. In addition, improving the inter-regional
accessibility to consumption will reduce the migration on both directions.

A disaggregate analysis of routing decisions on transport chains: Containerized shipments of French wines
and spirits to the US
Dr. David Guerrero1, Pr. Jean-Claude Thill2
1

Ifsttar, Champs Sur Marne, France, 2University of North Caroline at Charlotte, Charlotte, US

S30-S1 Connecting short and long distance perspectives in freight transportation
IUT_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Freight route decisions such port or modal choice are largely pre-constrained by commercial and logistics
constraints of shippers and consignees. Policy makers aiming to favor the use of certain transport modes or
ports, are often exclusively focused on transport issues and tend to neglect this issue. This paper
demonstrates that logistics choices made by shippers and consignees, such the shipment size, theinvolvement of freight forwarders, or the ways in which different goods are consolidated, largely contributeto subsequent routing decisions. The impacts of these logistics characteristics on the routing behavior aremeasured for a sample of deep-sea shipments.
A discrete choice model is used to analyze the geographical distribution of maritime shipments of wine andspirits between French shippers, West-European ports and US ports. The routing choice is estimated on thebasis of a combination of factors pertaining to transport (i.e. distance to the port, port efficiency…),
production (i.e. shipper’s size, shipper’s main activity) and logistics (size of the shipment, if a freight
forwarder is involved or not, if the container contains products from one or several regions…).
To estimate the choice model, we use data that describe shipments of wine and spirits exported from
France to the United States in October 2006. The choice of a single type of cargo means that comparisons
between flows of different origin-destinations can be reasonably made, avoiding the problem ofheterogeneity of shippers. Moreover, the method used helps the identification of actors involved in the
supply chain and their locations. Indeed, when analyzing freight flows the problem of shipper’s location is
an important one, since the HQ of firms or warehouses are often declared as the first origin of finaldestination of cargo. To overcome this issue, keywords related to the geographical designation of origin (i.e.
Cognac, Sancerre) are used to precisely describe the origins of the cargo contained in containers.
Our first results indicate that routing decisions of French wines and spirits heavily rely on a few large freight
forwarders and shippers. Although the port of Le Havre is largely used by small shippers, Antwerp,
Marseilles and Rotterdam play non-negligible roles as well for specific wine regions and shippers. When the
shipper is equidistant to different ports, shipper’s size, or the ways in which importers or freight forwarders
consolidate wines and spirits from different regions affect the choice of the port.

Freight rates up and down the urban hierarchy. The case of Japan
Dr. David Guerrero1, Pr. Hidekazu Ito2, Dr. Kenmei Tsubota3
1

Ifsttar, Champs Sur Marne, France, 2Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan, 3IDE-JETRO, Chiba, Japan

S30-S2 Connecting short and long distance perspectives in freight transportation
IUT_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper explores the relationships between freight rates and the positions of urban areas (UAs) within an
urban hierarchy. Drawing on a survey on freight flows and rates between 45 Japanese prefectures, from2000 to 2010,it shows that inter-urban freight rates are negatively related to the population sizes of origin
162

and destination UAs. Shipping cargo from large UA to small UA is significantly more expensive than in thereverse direction. Regional-specific factors, such the incoterms most commonly chosen by firms, seem toplay non-negligible roles as well.

The role of amenities in the life satisfaction level in Ecuador
Dr. Carolina Guevara Rosero1, Miss Salomé Villacís1, Miss Andrea Bonilla1
1

Departamento de Economía Cuantitativa, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador

G04-O7 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The aim of this study is to determining the role of amenities at the cantonal level in the subjective welfareof the population in Ecuador. In this developing country with an unequal distribution of amenities across its
territory, the access to amenities can be crucial for the individual welfare improvement. To estimate theeffect of different types of amenities in the level of welfare, a Generalized Ordered Logit model, after
verifying the parallel lines assumption, is employed using pooled data for 2014 and 2015 at the individualand cantonal levels. The individual data is obtained from the Survey of Employment and Unemployment(ENEMDU, acronym in spanish) and the cantonal data of amenities is obtained from the Directory of firms
and establishments (DIEE, acronym in spanish). Two binary logistic models contrasting categories low levelof life satisfaction vs. medium level of life satisfaction and high level of life satisfaction and contrasting
categories low level of life satisfaction vs. medium level of life satisfaction and high level of life saisfaction
are estimated. For the interpretation, the sign and the magnitude of marginal effects are considered. A
positive (negative) sign indicates that an increase in an independent continuous variable positively(negatively) influences in the probability of reporting a given result of satisfaction (high, medium or low
level of life satisfaction). The analyzed amenities are recreation, accommodation, industrial trade, retailtrade, basic education, higher education, ground and air transport and waste management. In general, theeffects corresponding to the amenities are higher in terms of dimension than the effects of the individual
characteristics of the people themselves. The positive amenities are those related to recreation,accommodation, industrial trade and basic education. For instance, an increase of 4.5 establishments
dedicated to accommodation in an average canton leads to an increment of 49.2% in the likelihood ofreporting a high level of satisfaction with life. The negative amenities are those related to retail trade andhigher education. For instance, an increase of a one percentage point in the proportion of higher education
establishments diminishes the probability of reporting a high level of life satisfaction in 25.8%. This result
reflects the effect of inter-personal comparison, that is, as the opportunities of an individual increase at thesame pace as those of others, the level of life satisfaction remains constant. Nevertheless, if theopportunities of others are higher than a given individual, his/her welfare level would be lower.

The Centenary of Poland's Independance. A Note on Infrastructure Convergence
Prof. Laurent Guihery1, Michal Taracha2
1

University of Cergy-Pontoise, Cergy-Pontoise, France, 2SGH - Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland

S68-S1 Transport Infrastructures and European Integration in the Framework of the White Paper 2011:
Evaluation, Benchmark, Perspectives at the Age of Digital Transformation
IUT_Room 108, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Poland has a long and complex history in the East-Central part of Europe. Between 1795 and 1918, it was
split between three countries, Austria-Hungary, Prussia and Russia. In their policies, the occupying empires
aimed at the integration of the newly gained Polish lands with their main territories. One of the163manifestations of such policies in the economic dimension was that they invested in new roads and railway
lines. In 1918, Poland regained its independence. However, the Great Depression, world wars by which
Poland was most severely affected in Europe, and central planning of the communist regime after WW2
slowed down the development and integration of the road and railway networks. Since joining theEuropean Union in 2004, Poland has been a beneficiary of the European Structural and Investment Funds
which aim through co-financing on national, regional or local basis at the improvement of the infrastructure,in terms of both quantity and quality.
The analysis of the existing infrastructure was carried out to show what remains from the previously existing
discrepancies in the three former regions of partitioned Poland until now? Can we still see any differences
between them? Is the convergence in terms of the transport infrastructure to be seen as rather weak orstrong? Does it accelerate or not after the accession to the European Union?
Our research revolves around the road and railway network. In the analysis, we will consider theaccessibility of main urban centers (travelling time), density of railway lines and highways measured as alength of the railway lines related to a unit of area and per inhabitant. We will also consider the data
concerning the European funds to assess whether the European Regional Policy has reduced the level ofinfrastructure discrepancies in Poland during the last 15 years?
We will look at the interconnection between the three former regions: does the gap in the transport
infrastructure still exist? Then the amount of regional funds dedicated to Polish infrastructure programs forboth road and railway networks will be analyzed, with a regional mapping of the financial flows towards
each voivodeship (administrative subdivision of Poland) in order to observe the reduction of the disparities
inherited from the time of the partitions of Poland. Finally, the practice of closing the minor railway lines
will be considered as a part of the policy towards the increase of efficiency of the rail network.
The main reason for writing this paper seems obvious: can we verify that the reduction of the discrepancies
that we observe now is linked with the closing of tracks, or it is due to the flows from the European
Structural Funds or both. What are the relations and proportion between the benefits to the road andrailway infrastructure: is the convergence trend characteristic of both networks? To what extent thedevelopment of the road network (and closing of some railway tracks) has reduced the disparities inheritedfrom the old partitions of Poland?.

Externalities of Urban Agglomerations: An Empirical Study of the Chinese Case
Mr Jin Guo1
1

Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China

G04-O11 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Benefit from externalities, urban agglomerations are playing more and more important roles in regional
economic development, and these externalities can be subdivided into two types according to theirdisparate action mechanisms, but the literature has failed to pay sufficient attention to their variations. In
this paper, we reasonably subdivided urban agglomerations’ externalities into the pecuniary externality andthe technology externality, and then made comparative theoretical studies of their manifestations,mechanisms, and key factors. After that, we took China’s five national key construction urban
agglomerations as samples to gain insight into the externalities associated with Chinese urban
agglomerations. The results indicated that urban agglomerations’ pecuniary externality manifested as interurban capital allocation and that its technology externality manifested as inter-urban technology spillover.
Currently, the key factor for China’s five national key construction urban agglomerations’ pecuniary
externality is market size, i.e., the pursuit of larger market size was one main motivation in forming Chinese
urban agglomerations, but the inter-urban capital allocation did not evince a trend of shifting to cities withhigher labor productivity. The key factor for China’s five national key construction urban agglomerations’164technical externality was economic density, i.e., the pursuit of higher economic density was another main
motivation in forming Chinese urban agglomerations, but both cities’ own research and development
activities and the spread of the same from other cities failed to improve urban agglomerations’technological levels. Moreover, there was no evidence suggesting that diversification or specialization ofindustrial structure related to urban agglomerations’ pecuniary externality or technology externality. The
regressions of dummy variables indicated that there were no significant differences in the pecuniary
externality between China’s five national key construction urban agglomerations’ core cities andsurrounding cities; however, their technology externality presented complex differences.

“The grass is greener on the other side of the hill”: Relationship between the Brexit referendum results
and income inequality
Dr. Diana Gutiérrez Posada1, Prof. Fernando Rubiera Morollón2, Dr. Maria Plonikova3
1

University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 2University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, 3Aberystwyth University,
Aberystwyth, UK

S46-S1 Recent Trends in Regional Socio-Economic Inequalities, IUT_Room 203, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Does spatial clustering limit immigrants’ wage prospects? – A life cycle perspective
Ms Anette Haas1, Ms Kerstin Tanis
1

Institute For Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany

G17-R2 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 110, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
With the knowledge in hand that immigrants’ location choices strongly depend upon the presence of otherimmigrants, we investigate the effect of spatial clustering on immigrants’ wage prospects over a 20-year
period (1975-2010). We use a quasi-experimental setting of the guest worker programme that ensuresexogenous location choices and, thus, validity of results. Following Borjas’ model of economic assimilation,
the results suggest that similar immigrants in similar firms experience different outcomes depending on job
location. From a life course perspective, immigrants, who were regionally allocated close to other immigrantwith the same nationality, perform worse than do those immigrants allocated close to natives. The analyses
control for structural differences between regions. Moreover, the effect of spatial clustering becomes evenmore negative with time of residence. Our findings are robust regarding two alternative measurements ofspatial concentration (exposure index and relative clustering index) and an IV-estimation (IV: lagged spatialconcentration measure).

Social Capital and the Phenomenon of Third (Public) Places in Post-Urban Regions
Dr. Tigran Haas1, Dr. Hans Westlund1
1

KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

G06-O8 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM

165

This paper aims at critically reviewing the literature on the relationship of third (public) spaces and social
capital and based on this propose a research agenda. The phenomenon of third places, public places thatallow for accumulation of social capital in urban neighborhoods and city districts has been discussed. Social
capital is about the value of social networks, bonding people of similar interest and bridging diverse people,
with norms of reciprocity. Social capital is fundamentally about how people interact with each other and if
third places are enabled and exists, then such capital could flourish and be a cornerstone of a viablecommunity or city. For a long time it has been claimed that third places are important for civil society,democracy, civic engagement, and establishing feelings of a sense of place and that the interaction between
physical form and social capital is extremely important – but the empirical evidence have been weak, andconsisted of scattered examples and anecdotes.
The theoretical base of the paper is the hypothesis of the post-urban world (Haas and Westlund, 2018) that
underscores the decisive role of city-regions for sustainable development and growth, and the hypothesis of
the regional city (Calthorpe and Fulton, 2001) that stresses the metropolization of cities. We assume that byintegrating concepts of the economic region, the ecological region, and the social region, with anunderstanding of the spatiality and uniqueness of each physical context, there might emerge a newparadigm for understanding regions and places that thrive and are rich in social capital and those that not.

A Socioeconomic Analysis of Ride-Hailing Emergence and Expansion in São Paulo, Brazil
Prof. Eduardo Haddad1, Dr. Renato Vieira1, Mr. Miguel Jacob2, Dr. Ana Guerrini2, Mr. Eduardo Germani3, Mr.
Fernando Barreto3, Dr. Miguel Bucalem1, Mr. Pedro Sayon1
1

University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 299 Tecnologia Ltda., Sao Paulo, Brazil, 3TTC – Engenharia de Tráfego e deTransportes, Sao Paulo, Brazil

G01-R1 Cities, Regions and Digital Transformations
IUT_Room 404, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This paper estimates the socioeconomic impacts of the emergence and expansion of e-hailing services inSão Paulo, Brazil. Combining data from a major service provider, individual level data from a representative
travel diary survey and a structural traffic network simulation, we evaluate the impact of e-hailing on
commuters’ travel time and accessibility. We then estimate the effect of these changes on workers’
productivity. Finally, using a Spatial Computable General Equilibrium (SCGE) model, we estimate the effectof these productivity shocks on broader economic outcomes. Our main results indicate that 83% of current
e-hailing trips derived from trips that were previously made by traditional motorized private modes. We
also find that the current e-hailing supply has mostly negligible effects on travel times and congestion;
however, some individuals experienced important accessibility gains due to the emergence of thisalternative mode. We then simulate e-hailing expansion and development scenarios, including the case oflarger vehicle occupancy. Total economic activity expands by 1.089% if average vehicle occupancy reaches 3
passengers per trip and all motorized private trips are substituted by e-hailing.

Effect of road-traffic related nuisances on the active travel modes. What is the issue?
Mr Mohamed Mouloud Haddak1, Ms. Sarah Mahdjoub2
1

IFSTTAR, Lyon, France, 2Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France

S56-S1 Transport, health and socio-territorial disparities
IUT_Room 108, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
166

Purpose: Exposure to road traffic nuisance, such as noise, air pollution and traffic accidents, can lead tofeelings of annoyance or road insecurity. Annoyance is defined as a feeling of displeasure claimed by anindividual or group to be adversely affecting them, diminishing long-term quality of life; road insecurity isrecognized as affecting welfare. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants (sociodemographic,socioeconomic, and related to daily mobility) of annoyance by noise and air pollution and of road insecurity.
Methods: A sample of 720 subjects, aged 18 years and over, living in the Rhone Departement (France) in2013 was interviewed by questionnaire. Annoyance and feeling of road insecurity were estimated on a 10point scale from 1 (not annoyed) to 10 (highly annoyed) for each nuisance, with a threshold of 8.
Results: The main finding was that active travel mode users experienced greater annoyance, whatever thenuisance than motorized users.
Conclusions: The least polluting are the most annoyed. These results are very interesting. Active travel
mode users help improve air quality, alleviate traffic congestion and minimize the risk of road-accidents, aswell as improving their own health. In a context in which active travel modes and public transport are being
promoted, active travellers might be protected against such annoyance, liable to hinder the development ofsuch a practice.

Impact of brand equity on consumers' purchase intention: Case of Tizi-Ouzou consumers
Jugurta Akkoul1, Dr lamara hadjou2
1

University Of Tizi ouzou, tizi, Algeria, 2University Of Tizi ouzou, Tizi, Algeria

G24-O2 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The purpose of this article is to assess the influences of brand equity dimensions on purchase intention. We
aim to determine the type of relationship between brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand association,
perceived quality, and consumer willingness to buy a brand. A quantitative study was conducted using aquestionnaire distributed to a sample of 200 consumers living in Tizi-Ouzou. The latter had to evaluate thebiscuit brand "Bimo". Data analysis was performed with statistical data analysis software SPSS v21.. The
results of our research highlight the existence of significant and positive relationships between the four
dimensions of the brand and the purchase intention. The prospects of this research will shed more light on
the consumption habits of Algerians.

The influence of the country of origin on brand equity in the Algerian biscuit market
Dr. Lamara Hadjou1, jugurta AKKOUL2
1

University Of Tizi ouzou, Nouvelle Ville, Algeria, 2University Of Tizi ouzou, TIzi, Algeria

G24-O5 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Abstract : The globalization of trade has had repercussions on consumer buying habits spread across theglobe. This has significantly changed their behavior and the way they choose products. Some productattributes such as country of origin and brand have become important variables in the consumer decision
process. The article looks at the impact of country of origin on brand equity from the point of view ofconsumers. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the relationships between the country of origin as wellas brand loyalty, brand association, brand awareness and perceived quality. For this purpose, a conceptualmodel is developed to explain this type of relationship in the sector of biscuits, through the BIMO brand. A
field survey was conducted among 200 consumers in the wilaya of Tizi-Ouzou using a pre-establishedquestionnaire to verify the conceptual model adopted in this paper. A linear correlation is performed using167

the Pearson coefficient to verify the main assumptions made in our research. The result that appears gives
us an overview of the evaluation of consumers surveyed of the BIMO biscuit brand manufactured in Algeria.
Our work offers various perspectives to economic actors and researchers interested in understanding the
behavior of Algerian consumers and their relationship to the brand and country of origin of the products
they consume. Keywords : country of origin, brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand associations, perceived
quality.

How to accelerate the diffusion of green technologies?
Dr. Solmaria Halleck Vega1, Dr. Antoine Mandel2,3, Dr. Katrin Millock2,4
1

Wageningen University, , Netherlands, 2Paris School of Economics, , France, 3Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, ,France, 4CNRS, , France

G14-O2 Energy and Ecological Transition
MILC_Room 410, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Technology transfers are considered essential means to obtain the objectives of greenhouse gas emissions
reductions. These transfers generally occur through firms engaging in international trade, foreign direct
investment and licensing. In climate policy, multilateral mechanisms have been agreed upon, such as theTechnology Mechanism under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. In empiricalanalyses, however, green technology transfers tend to be studied in a bilateral perspective, ignoring theinfluence of indirect connections in the diffusion process. Yet, in markets, firms interact and their networkof connections is influenced by both government policy and by multilateral agreements. This paper
examines the role of the different incentives in explaining diffusion of green technology from a network
perspective. The proposed model combines epidemiological diffusion and network inference models
inspired from computer science. Since wind energy is the renewable energy source with the highest growthin capacity after solar photovoltaic technology, the empirical analysis uses data on the diffusion of windturbines. Moreover, wind energy makes for an interesting case as it is a sufficiently mature technology toobserve its diffusion both globally and over a long period of time. The data bring new insights into diffusion
since it measures actual installation of wind turbines since the early 1980s instead of using proxies such as
patents or transfers under the Clean Development Mechanism. In addition, the model includes both
domestic (e.g. renewable energy policy) as well as bilateral and multilateral determinants of diffusion (e.g.
international trade and environmental agreements).

Not coming in today - Firm productivity differentials and the epidemiology of influenza
Dr. Peter Haller1, Dr. Matthias Dorner1
1

Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nürnberg, Germany

S33-S2 Modelling place attractiveness in the era of Big and Open data
MILC_Room 310, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
With over four million cases in Germany every year, influenza and infectious diseases of therespiratory tract (henceforth ARD) have the highest number of reported doctor consultations.
Although the direct treatment costs are comparably low, the indirect effects, due to workabsence, are far more compelling. In this paper, we estimate the effect of local ARD diseases
as an exogenous shock to the production factor labor and thus on levels of firm productivity.
To quantify the ARD related shock on the production factor labor, we geocode maps of weekly
reported flu emergence in Germany from official influenza surveillance data. Measured by thelength of the influenza season in German municipalities, these data exhibit substantial seasonal168

variation as well as high variance across regions. In our main analysis, we estimate firm-levelproduction functions using data from a comprehensive German firm survey. In our main
regression, we analyze total factor productivity differentials and their relationship with the local
influenza intensity. First results show sizeable negative effects of the ARD diseases and the flu
on firm productivity.

Image, Football and Urban Development
Steffen Büssers1, Ms Christina Fischer1, Matthias Freund1, Rüdiger Hamm1
1

Niederrhein Institute for Regional and Structural Research (Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences),
Mönchengladbach, Germany

G04-R1 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Impact of Aid Modality on Growth and Government Expenditure, with Reference to Tanzania
Ms Songhee Han1, Prof. Jinhwan Oh
1

Graduate School Of International Studies, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, South Korea

G04-YS1 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 110, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This paper empirically investigates the effectiveness of aid modality, referring to Tanzanian cases. Using acomprehensive panel data covering 124 countries for 11 years (from 2006 to 2016), this study contributes
to the aid effectiveness literature by combining the two approaches (adding fiscal response approach to the
traditional one with growth rates) with two main aid modalities (project-type intervention and programbased approach). With respect to growth, both modalities didn’t exert a positive significant effect. The factthat both of the aid modalities are not very effective is not actually a surprising finding, as it was alreadyshown by previous studies. In terms of fiscal response - i.e. the effect of aid on recipient government’s
budget spending behavior, however, both modalities indeed appeared to increase public expenditure in
partner countries. This study also examines Tanzanian cases, which is one of the most active countries
applying program-based approach to its aid system. As empirical results show, Tanzania’s program-based
approach, specifically result-based approach as an advanced version of program-based approach, ispositively related to government expenditure and this ultimately leads to better quality of life. This article
implies that the pathway of change from aid to economic growth is longer and more complex than that ofaid to government expenditure.
See extended abstract online.

Regional employment effects of MNE offshoring
Prof. Pär Hansson1, Dr. Kent Eliasson2, Markus Lindvert3
1

Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis/Örebro University, Stockholm, Sweden, 2Swedish Agency for Growth Policy
Analysis/Umeå University, Östersund, Sweden, 3Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis, Östersund, Sweden

G05-O6 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
169

The employment in Sweden has become more concentrated to the larger cities in Sweden (Stockholm,
Göteborg and Malmö). This paper investigates whether Swedish multinational enterprises (MNEs) havecontributed to that development. We examine the association between offshoring within Swedish MNEs
and changes their parent employment at regional level (in local labor market regions, LA-regions). The
relation may vary depending on: (i) the characteristics of the region (large city, regional center or otherregion) or (ii) the type of labor (skilled or less-skilled) or the type of job (routine or non-routine) in theparent. Our results reveal large spatial heterogeneities in the relationships between MNE offshoring andonshore employment in various regions. The results suggest that MNE offshoring might be a factor
contributing to diverging onshore employment among Swedish regions; increased (unchanged) employment
in larger cities and unchanged (decreased) employment in regional centers and other regions. Moreover,
MNE offshoring seems to contribute to increased localization of skilled activities and non-routine tasks tolarger cities. We use enterprise data on employment in the parents and the affiliates overseas in Swedish
controlled enterprise groups with affiliates abroad (Swedish MNEs). Parent employment data are available
for different regions in Sweden, skilled and less-skilled labor, as well as for various occupations.

Why Do Clusters Fail? Transaction Cost over Spillover Effect has a Price
Mr Shaul Hartal1
1

Ben Gurion University Of The Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel

G22-O2 Institutions
IUT_Room 303, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Many cities want to be the ‘next Silicon Valley’. Most of them won’t get there. This study offers a new
approach to deal with thriving or failing of clusters, based on an institutional analysis. I offer to investigate
the role of spillover effect and its transaction costs, among actors co-locating in second-tier metropolitan's
clusters.
The idea of voluntary sharing of knowledge is the main reason to co-locate knowledgeable people fromdifferent sectors in one place. The spillover effect that occurs among them boosts innovation. This
assumption presupposes free trade market of ideas - but it avoids dealing with institutional constraints that
may increase the transaction costs for individuals. These constraints can occur due to some reasons: a)knowledge workers from different sectors don’t usually meet on a professional basis; b) they don’t sharethe same formal roles, norms, and sanctions of people from the same milieu; c) they often use different
technical terms, and d) they have different career incentives. When these costs are too high, they avoid
sharing knowledge. In an aggregate way, it may lead to failure of the whole cluster.
The research question is: what are the transaction costs involved over spillover effect between cross-sector
actors located in the same cluster? This study is based on Coase theorem as the main theoreticalframework. I seek to identify these transaction costs, by developing a model that includes: a) group identity,b) network costs, c) social capital among people in the same milieu, d) control variables for individuals (e.g.
gender, age) and for the cluster in which they are located (e.g. size, structure). I will deliver questionnaires
to actors from different sectors – academy, industry and governmental institutes (e.g. hospitals). Data will
be collected from a sample of 750 knowledge workers, divided equally between these three sectors. The
data will be analyzed with structural equation models (SEM).
This study has a geographic perspective as well. The main interest is in clusters located in second-tier
metropolitans. Innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship provide an opportunity for regions to compete
nationally and globally.
The results will enable to design a public policy that will help to create sustainable and competitive
knowledge communities in second-tier metropolitans. I will present at the conference the results of apreliminary qualitative research.
170

Is There Social Capital in Cities? The Role of Urban Form in Social Capital Formation in Metropolitan Cities
of Indonesia
Mrs Irfani Fithria Ummul Muzayanah1, Dr. Djoni Hartono1, Prof Suahasil Nazara1, Dr B Raksaka Mahi1
1Faculty Of Economics And Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

G24-O3 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The determination of social capital investment is not only affected by individual’s socio – economic
characteristics, but also shaped by the characteristics of physical environment. High density urban form also
claimed as suitable urban form to enhance social capital. However, the relationship between these two has
not been empirically well – explored and competing results emerge in the literatures. Accordingly, this study
aims to investigate the role of urban physical arrangement or urban form in the social capital formation
using metropolitan cities in Indonesia as case study. This study is claimed as first empirical study toinvestigate the association between urban form and social capital in Indonesia. Multilevel logistic regression
is employed to investigate the association between urban form and four dimensions of social capital : trust,reciprocity, social participation and civic engagement. In addition, this study also distinguishes bonding,bridging and linking as three basic forms of social capital. This study reveals that density have no association
with bonding, bridging, linking social capital as well as social participation and political participation. While,density is only positively associated with membership and reciprocity. Furthermore, other urban form
elements such as street connectivity and the presence of local destination showed negative association withseveral dimensions of social capital.

Determinant Factors of Urban Housing Preferences among Low Income People in Greater Jakarta
Dr. Djoni Hartono1, Dr Khoirunurrofik1, Dr Tony Irawan2
1

Faculty of Economics And Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia, 2Faculty Of Economics And Management,
Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia

G06-O3 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
High number of housing backlog, especially for low-income people in urban area, is one of Indonesia
government major concern. The problem is continuously increasing particularly in Jakarta as the capital cityof Indonesia, urging government to implement policy and program in order to provide more proper living
place. Using data collected through a survey of 1000 households in greater Jakarta, this study aims toidentify low income communities’ preferences on house status, renting or buying, and house provider,public or private, in Jakarta and surrounding areas. It analyzed low income preference in housing and foundthat households having fixed employment status, larger number of family members, higher literacy inhousing policy, and accessible house location have higher probability to choose to own a house. In addition,
education level, knowledge of housing policies, and eviction are major determinant of household to decide
occupying public house rather than private house. The findings provide basic input to government
development programs in designing housing policy for low-income people.

171

Dresden floods: The impact of unexpected and recurring flood events on housing prices
Ms Sophie Häse1
1

TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany

G14-YS1 Energy and Ecological Transition
IUT_Room 201, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Exploring The Effects of Deindustrialization on Workers: From Istanbul to Cerkezkoy
Ms Isra Hatipoglu1, Prof Ferhan Gezici Korten2
1

Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2Istanbul Technical University, Department of Urban and Regional
Planning, Istanbul, Turkey

G05-O3 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In line with the changes in the world, two concepts have dominated the political-economic system:
Globalization and Neo-liberal Policies. These concepts have caused many changes in social, political, spatialand economic structure of countries and regions. Deindustrialization is one of the outcomes of this process,which has influenced especially the most developed regions in developing countries. The process, whichbegan with the inter-regional relocation of the manufacturing industries, undoubtedly has profound effects
on everything, but especially workers; because they face risk to lose their job, home, and family-social ties.
However, the main literature and empirical studies on deindustrialization have mainly focused on thedecisions of the capital and the factors behind their choices, by neglecting the roles and experiences oflabor. The aim of this paper is to examine how labor is affected spatially and socially by deindustrialization
and which factors change the decisions of labor. The research is carried out within the scope of the A
Factory, which was relocated from Istanbul Metropolitan Area to Cerkezkoy as contiguous province toIstanbul in mid-2018. In this context; first, the economic and political structure of Turkey was analyzed byusing primary and secondary data in order to realize the background of deindustrialization. Then, the indepth interviews with the workers and other actors- Turkish Metal Union, workers' community, journalists were conducted to find out their experiences, behaviors, and decisions in the process. The results highlightthe labor’s decisions depend on the economic and political situation of the country, the structure of theindustrial sector, the strategies of the factory and the socio-economic characteristics of labor.

Impacts of Highways on Commodity Prices: Evidence from Japan
Dr. Kazunobu Hayakawa1, Dr. Kenmei Tsubota1
1

Institute Of Developing Economies, Chiba, Japan

S42-S1 Causes and Effects of Regional Integration: Development of Local Economy via Mobility
IUT_Room 210, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In this study, we empirically investigate the effect of highways on retail prices of butter in Japan. In
particular, we take into account the relocation of producers through the development of highways. We
found that the construction of highways raised the transportation speed while the average transportation
time from production site increased by the dramatic increase in transportation distance. The latter occurredbecause of the concentration of butter factories in a limited number of regions. As a result, on average, theincrease in transportation time during 1966-1980 raised the butter price by 3.3%. Out of that, while the rise172

in speed decreased the price by 2%, the increase in transportation distance raised it by 5.3%. These results
imply that at least in the butter market, the reallocation of production site may increase producer surplus
while the rise of retail prices will worsen consumer welfare.

Multilateral R&D Project Networks in High-Technology Clusters: which teams span structural holes?
Dr. Cilem Selin Hazir1
1

Leibniz Institute Of Ecological Urban And Regional Development, Dresden, Germany

S14-S2 Collaboration-based innovation policies: theory, empirics and practitioner feedbacks
UdL_Room 106, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Multilateral R&D project networks are often used as a policy tool to foster diffusion and creation ofknowledge in high-tech clusters. In this study, these collaborations are considered as a network of
temporary teams among innovation actors, and the origins of "structural holes" (Burt, 1992) areinvestigated. Structural holes in a network of R&D teams are particular network positions since teams
spanning them can access to non-redundant knowledge flows, and modify knowledge diffusion in thecluster and over time by playing brokerage and control roles. To explain the origins of structural holes, theframework proposed by Zaheer and Soda (2009) is taken as a basis. In their framework inherent
opportunities and inertial constraints arising from prior network relations are proposed as the two main
factors driving structural holes. In this study their framework is applied to the context of cluster
collaborations in the light of industrial clusters, innovation systems, and proximity dynamics literature, andby extending the actor heterogeneity dimension. Then, the extended framework is tested using data on
multilateral R&D collaborations labeled by the Images & Reseaux Cluster, which is one of thecompetitiveness clusters that resulted from the French Competitiveness Policy.
The anticipated contribution of the study has three dimensions. First, it tries to extend the literature on
formation of R&D collaboration networks, which has considered structural holes mainly as by-products oftie formation and overlooked team level, by providing systematic explanations on their origins in
multilateral collaboration networks. Second, it tries to extend the literature on diffusion of knowledge inclusters. In this literature much attention has been accorded on brokerage and control roles played byindividual actors between cluster members and extra-cluster actors. Whereas in this study, brokerage andcontrol roles played by teams of innovation actors between past and current knowledge content producedby the cluster are explored. Lastly, the study contributes to the existing empirical literature on the outcomesof the French Competitiveness Policy by studying the Images & Reseaux Cluster for the first time.

What is the Place of Retail in Contemporary Small Towns?
Prof. Krystian Heffner1
1

University of Economics In Katowice, Katowice, Poland

S49-S1 The retail chains development and changes in service patterns in small towns and rural areas
IUT_Room 203, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Many researchers indicate that retail sector is increasingly important for the urban centres development. It
creates a large resource on the labour market, organizing and impacting urban public space and evenestablish a new type of social and cultural relations as well as often it becomes a market and marketing
symbol of the city and town. Small towns and other local centres in European rural areas so far fulfillinghousing functions (commuting) but local trade and retail are systematically losing importance forcommercial service of residents. The main change is connected to disappearance of traditional economic
bases of small towns, including the former trade-services functions carried out towards rural areas in the173surroundings zones. Interesting are the components of retail change in urban centres, in particular possible
explanation of changing patterns of retailing. Important for urban structural change is the locational shift inretailing. Other aspects of location question are that of accessibility and the shift outward.
The interactions between trade and retail activities and urban economic resilience with a primary focus on
the former socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Quick and intensive increase of large-scaleretail outlets and its impact to the social and economic aspects of existing retail in local, regional andnational urban systems have been extensively discussed in the literature. The answer to the question: Whatis the future of the traditional retail in urban centres? Is it very up to date because the question of survivalof retail facilities in a competitive and dynamic urban structure has been discussed less? The problem offunctioning of retail in small towns became extremely important - the adjustment of traditional city-centre
retail function disappears and depreciates at a fast pace resulting in numerous deserted high streets inmany urban centres. It is connected to uncontrolled influx of new forms of shopping venues in outer(hypermarkets) and inner (shopping malls) zones of traditional urban centres.
The status of retail and commerce show the position of an urban centre in the settlement system hierarchy
and to give each place of the city its own special character, in particular the physical appearance of the highstreets and types of retailing. Important is the answer to the question why exactly such a set of retail storesand services get together in some cities and towns and how it is change over the longue duree.

Employment suburbanization in the 21st century: A comparison of German and US city regions.
Mr Bastian Heider1, Prof Dr Stefan Siedentop1
1

Ils - Research Institute For Regional And Urban Development, Dortmund, Germany

G12-O1 Location of Economic Activity
MILC_Room 309, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper addresses the question on the evolution of metropolitan employment distribution by scrutinizing
two relatively large and representative samples of German and US American city regions between 2003 to2015. In general, US metropolitan areas are far more decentralized and deconcentrated than their German
counterparts. While the trajectory of American metropolitan employment dispersal was relatively dynamic
with periods of de- and re-concentration, the development trend for German city regions has beenremarkably stable. Further, in both countries the tendency of deconcentration and decentralization has
been the strongest within the manufacturing sector, while knowledge intensive service industries remained
relatively centralized and concentrated. Tendencies for a re-concentration and re-centralization of
economic activity were particularly strong in the largest metroplitan areas, in city regions in the northeastern census region of the US as well as in East Germany. However, within both countries we find arelatively great variety of trajectories, involving the coexistence of reinforced monocentricity, polycentricity,and dispersal. In summary, the overall picture of intra-metropolitan employment distribution seems to bestrongly fragmented with diverging trajectories that cannot solely be explained by national or regional
patterns.

The role of international migration for regional disparities in population development in Germany (20072017)
Mr Bastian Heider1, Prof Dr Stefan Siedentop1, Mr Peter Stroms1
1

Ils - Research Institute For Regional And Urban Development, Dortmund, Germany

G17-R2 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 110, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
174This paper examines the impact of foreign migration on regional disparities in population development inGermany by analysing recent spatial patterns and determinants at the county level. A counterfactual
analysis shows that international migration has significantly contributed to counteract population shrinkage
in German regions. However, immigration was mainly directed towards large cities and highly urbanizedareas and has therefore reinforced the existing spatial disparities in population development. Our spatial
regression models nonetheless reveal that international migrants are not per se attracted to large
agglomerations. Controlling for a broad set of further variables, including the existence of ethnic peergroups, labour market characteristics, amenities and accessibility, we estimate that indicators ofurbanization are not significantly or even negatively correlated to the net migration rates of internationalmigrants. Moreover, the results strongly differ between the external and internal spatial migration patternsof foreigners as well between certain subgroups of migrants.

The effect of the EMU on the high-technology manufacturing tradeProf. Kari Heimonen1, Ph.D. Timo Tohmo1, Ph.D Mika Nieminen1
1

University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä , Finland

G09-O1 Regional Finance, Fiscal Issues, Investment or Capital Markets
IUT_Room 304, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The HT (high tech) trade is proposed to be of importance for growth and dissimilation of information. A
common currency has been reported to have similar impacts (Rose 2001). This paper investigates theimpacts of the common currency (EMU) to high-tech manufacturing trade (exports and imports) and HT
exports especially. An unanimous positive effect of the EMU on trade could not be found. Along the older
studies of the euro’s trade effects our results demonstrate overall positive effects of the EMU on HT trade
are positive if country-pair effects and time-effects are not included. Whenever the fixed and time effects
are concerned or the multilateral resistance is taken into account in the PPML estimates EMU membershipbecomes insignificant for HT trade and HT exports. Moreover, our findings indicate that the EMU’s effect on
HT trade (exports + imports) and HT exports is country-specific, which lends support to a non-homogenous
knowledge transfer and country related knowledge-based economic development within the EMU.
Keywords: Trade, exports, EMU, high technology, knowledge

Nowcasting East German GDP Growth: A MIDAS Approach
Mr Joao Carlos Claudio1, Ms Katja Heinisch1, Mr Oliver Holtemöller1
1

Halle Institute For Economic Research, Halle (saale), Germany

G24-O3 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper presents a mixed-data sampling (MIDAS) model to nowcast regional real GDP growth based on a
newly constructed quarterly series measuring East German economic activity. More specifically, our modeltakes into account past quarterly East German real GDP growth, contemporaneous and past quarterly
German real GDP growth and various monthly business cycle indicators available for East Germany. Our
approach also includes a forecast for current quarter German real GDP growth. By applying this setting,individual MIDAS models are able to outperform conventional autoregressive (AR) and several
autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models. Evidence based on single indicator models suggests thatsurvey data on the situation in the construction sector and the expectations in the wholesale trade sector
175are among the most useful to monitor short-term economic activity in East Germany. Averaging forecasts
from the MIDAS models further improve our results.

The factors of location of logistics facilities: new perspectives for the Paris Metro Area
Dr. Adeline Heitz1
1

Ifsttar-université Paris-est, Marne-la-vallée, France

S30-S2 Connecting short and long distance perspectives in freight transportation
IUT_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper aims to analyze the location’s choice of logistics facilities in the Paris Region. Many works havealready looked at these location’s choice factors, our study aims to provide new perspectives on thislocation regarding spatial distribution and freight flows. From an urban planning and geography perspective,
research on urban logistics have mainly focused on the proximity of logistics facilities to the consumers. To
deliver goods the most efficiently, carriers and shippers look for facilities and available land to close to city
center, in dense part of the metro area. Urban logistics focus on deliveries and last miles and takes little
account of the entire network in which the warehouse is part. On the other side, researches on freight andlogistics in the field of supply chain management, which are not focused on the “last mile”, explained thelocation of logistics facilities by the transport costs. Both of those two perspectives have contributed to
explain the location of logistics facilities. In this paper, we propose a holistic approach in order to combine
short and long distance perspectives to explain the location of logistics facilities. By examined the case of
the Paris region, we propose to explain the location of the logistics facilities at different scale regarding
freight flows (from suppliers to consumers).

“The Logistics Metropolis”, planning urban freight and logistics in the Paris Metropolitan Area: urban
structure and public policies
Dr. Adeline Heitz1
1

Ifsttar-université Paris-est, Marne-la-vallée, France

S57-S1 Freight mobility and urban forms
IUT_Room 108, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The recent growth of logistics activities including warehousing has increased their importance inmetropolitan areas (Bowen 2008). Logistics activities are sprawling outwards and warehouses are leaving
dense areas and relocating in peripheral ones. Logistics sprawl is the subject of a growing volume ofresearch (Cidell 2010; Dablanc, Rakotonarivo 2010, Dablanc, Ross 2012; Dablanc and al. 2013; Raimbault
2014; Woudsma and al. 2015; Heitz and Dablanc, 2015; Sakai and al. 2016; De Oliveira and al. 2016;
Aljohania and al. 2016; Dablanc and al. 2017). This suburban logistics amplifies negative externalities linked
with transport operations and raises new issues for public action in charge of urban planning (Masson andPetiot, 2013).
In the case of the Paris metropolitan area, some authors (Dablanc, Raimbault, 2015) underline the impact of
the lack of planning and public regulation of the development of suburban logistics between 1980 and 2000,
contributing to logistics sprawl. The introduction of sustainable objectives in urban planning documents inthe 2000s, pushed public authorities to fight urban sprawl and promote the "compact city" (Reigner and al.
2013). Like urban sprawl, logistics sprawl is part of this metropolitan expansion (Heitz, Dablanc, 2015). The
recent public awareness of the contribution of freight and logistics to urban sprawl has triggered an effort
to integrate the mobility of goods in regional and urban planning. Public action focuses on the "last mile" apublic policy to compensate logistics sprawl. Through the integration of "urban logistics" within traditional176

policy frameworks (Taniguchi, Thompson, & Yamada, 1999; Dablanc, 2007; Allen, Thorne, & Browne, 2007)
public authorities intend to optimize the transport of goods in the city through regulation and thedevelopment of a logistics real estate and property market specific to metropolitan city centers, in addition
to the regular logistics real estate market, which is mainly located in the peripheral areas. Urban logistics
appear as a new leverage for logistics development in metro areas that focuses on city centers, rather thanmargins. The concept of "Logistics Metropolis" (Dablanc, Frémont, 2015) reflects the rise of urban
governance for logistics in the Paris metropolitan area.

The use of serious game as a shared urban foresight tool: research methodology and issues
Mr Pol Henry1, Mr. Olivier Klein1
1

LAET/ENTPE, , France

S58-S1 Serious Games and Urban Studies
IUT_Room 108, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In tomorrow’s cities, the new forms and technical solutions of mobility will have a key role in the urban
reshuffle. Autonomous vehicles will bring real modifications in our approach of urban forms or urban
infrastructures, but especially in our mobility uses. In this context, LAET3 made of autonomous vehicles uses
a significant issue in his research. For that, the lab wants to put sideways technical and technological issues
to carry out foresight studies on societal issues of the arrival of autonomous vehicles in our cities.
Consequently, the lab led the construction and experimentation of an serious game named « RoboSpectif ».
Produced by students of higher education, this serious game is a board game that was engineered as a
research tool able to achieve an foresight study of autonomous vehicles uses in tomorrow’s cities. The
initiative to develop an experimental research tool like this allows to debate of methods and potential ofserious games in urban research. With the experience that we have of construction and deployment of
RoboSpectif, we can discuss of serious game’s contributions and boundaries in urban research.

Integrated management of water resources and regionalization in Morocco, what symbiosis is used insearch of water equity?
Mr Eddahmouny Hicham1, Mr Elbroumi Soufiane1, Mr Khattabi Abdelatif2
1

FSJES FES, Fes, Morocco, 2ENFI, SALE, Morroco

S12-S1 Socio-spatial equity in the light of post-industrial restructuring, modeling exercises in Africa and Asia
IUT_Room 205, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Territorial equity refers to the spatial dimension of social justice. It expresses a territorial configuration thatprovides all citizens with the same conditions of access to different resources and opportunities(employment, electricity, water, etc.). In this context, equitable and sustainable access to water has becomea priority for all decision makers as it is believed to be one of the pillars of sustainable development.
In Morocco, water potential has long been considered sufficient in comparison with the country's
population growth. However, the kingdom still faces inequalities in terms of access to this vital resource.
The National Plan for Watershed Management (PNABV) has come - since 1996 - to reduce these disparities,
and improve the socio-spatial equity of access to water (EL Mokaddem and Benchekroun, 2016). This
strategy has enabled the creation of nine watershed agencies and aims to promote socio-spatial justice anda localized, integrated and concerted approach to water resources management (IWRM). The feedback
from the implementation of this policy shows that the efforts made in terms of management andmanagement of water resources are globally recognized, but it also revealed the strong inequalities of the177distribution of water. These disparities constitute real constraints for the country's development (Houdret,2012).
Later, the strategic work of advanced regionalization comes to regulate dysfunctions and socio-spatial
imbalances where the fight against inequalities remains a fundamental component. It is based on theprinciple of administrative reorganization of territories in the sense of greater spatial equity (El Maguiri etal., 2018).
The overall objective of this communication is to answer essentially three questions: What about sociospecial inequalities in access to water resources in Morocco? Is there a coherence between the newadministrative division of twelve regions and the division by watershed? And what solutions do the statepolicies have for managing water resources to reduce inequalities in access to water?
To achieve the goal of our research , we have opted for an exploratory approach using a vast body ofliterature including national surveys of water resources, academic work, official reports and those of
specialized NGOs ... etc. The use of national, regional and local statistics will illustrate our remarks insymbiosis with maps, graphs and models relating different logics of division (regions, municipalities,
watershed agencies) to reflect the experience of the kingdom’s access to water as a vital commodity and as
a vehicle for socio-economic development.

Albacete's natural areas network
Dr. Sara Hidalgo1
1

IES Miguel de Cervantes, , Spain

G19-O1 Health and Environmental Issues
MILC_Room 409, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Spain is one of the first countries in the world in having a natural area. In fact, the first national park was
created in 1918. Nowadays, Spain has many natural areas, not only national parks. There are different
categories, depending on the type of nature protection: national parks, natural parks, natural reserves,
natural monuments, protected landscape, and Natura 2000 areas Network.
Natural areas concerned with Autonomous Communities. Thus, Castilla-La Mancha is the responsible fornatural areas policy.
Albacete is one the five provinces in Castilla-La Mancha. Albacete has some natural areas declared: twonatural parks, four natural reserves, once micro-reserves and two natural monuments.
Visitor services are quite important in the most of the natural areas. Natural parks are the natural areas
more concerned about visitor issues. These are a type of natural areas that have in the same levelsustainable development, tourism and natural resource protection.
We try to analyze visitor field. In fact, trails are really popular. Also, the number of visitors is essential toguarantee the future of natural areas and the importance of services in the area.
Albacete is a province with a great amount of natural ressources that will be essential to provide a goodexperience for visitors.

Impact of the main road risk indicators on the number of accidents that occur in Algeria
Dr. Younes Hidra1, Pr Nouara KAID TLILANE2
1

Université A/mira De Bejaia-laboratoire limed, , Algérie, 2Université A/mira De Bejaia-laboratoire limed, , Algérie

S60-S1 Road Safety Management in Developing Countries: the case of Africa
IUT_Room 108, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM

178

The object of our thesis is to determine the impact and degree of influence of the main road risk indicatorson the number of accidents that occur each year in Algeria.
At first, based on a quantitative multi-variate modeling, we measured, for both rural and urban areas, theimpact of the indicators related to the user’s behavior, the vehicle as well as the road environment on theoccurrence of traffic accidents. The results show that traffic accidents occurred in urban areas were notinfluenced by the same variables than those occurred in rural areas, except for variables related to noncompliance with regulatory speed limit and dangerous overtaking.
In addition, a binary variable modelling was developed to determine the impact of the indicator related tothe enforcement of statutory and regulatory bills on reducing the number of accidents. The expected
impact in enforcing the various bills, further strengthening the functioning of the road safety system isreached in the short term but, the medium term results prove to be unsatisfactory on the ground.
All the more, in order to determine the impact of some factors related to the road user’s behavior, thetraffic police and the various parties involved in training in driving-schools, our study was completed by afield survey of drivers in the county of Bejaia. The results of the survey confirm that: drivers who have neverbeen subject to a driving offense are less likely to be at risk of an accident; the majority of offenders are notfirmly repressed; the danger in mixed traffic is mostly generated by pedestrians, semi-trailers andmotorcyclists. Thus, based on a logistic modelling, we confirmed that: the average distance covered is a risk
factor for road accidents; negligence-linked recidivism becomes a high risk factor and long experience indriving does not spare the occurrence of an accident.

A New Space Emerges: ― Intraregional and International Mobility in the ASEAN Region and Japan
Dr. Eriko Hiraiwa1
1

Nanzan University, Nagoya, Japan

S42-S1 Causes and Effects of Regional Integration: Development of Local Economy via Mobility
IUT_Room 210, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This study explores the extent to which Japan’s new visa policy that has introduced a category for unskilledworkers has affected the movement of labor in Asia. We compare Asia’s geographical space with otherregions such as the EU that have already established a free movement framework. Amidst the rapid global
development of economic integration in trade and investment, international and intraregional labor
movement has also expanded within Asia, especially in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN),
where the practices and regulatory systems are very different from each other. However, its diversity mightmake ASEAN a new actor in the world migration regulatory system and within the ASEAN Economic
Community. We examine the changes in Japanese immigration policy and practices as well as their links to
ASEAN countries and compare them with those in other geographical regions such as EU and MERCOSUR. In
summary, we focus on the geographical space of Asia, which has the potential to provide a new perspectivein the map of international migration.

The drivers of territorial anchorage of foodDr. Marie Houdart1, Dr Baritaux Virginie, Iceri Vanessa, Pr Lardon Sylvie, Dr Le Bel Pierre-Mathieu, Dr Loudiyi
Salma
1

Irstea, Aubière, , France

S21-S2 Circularities and proximities : stakeholders, scales, ressources
UdL_Room 106, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM

179

The territorial anchorage of food can be seen as the reconnection of agriculture and food with territories. It
takes the form of various initiatives, presented as alternatives to the dominant, concentrated and globalized
agri-food system. These initiatives are supported by a diversity of actors (market, civil society and/or public)
and concern various scales. Our question concerns the drivers of the territorial anchorage of food: are there
commonalities between the different food anchorage processes, whatever the type of actor carrying theinitiative and its scale of action?
The results presented in this communication are based on the cross-analysis of fifteen case studies
conducted in the PSDR4 INVENTER project. These cases examine the role of different types of actors in foodgovernance and food initiatives at different scales. First, the cross-analysis shows that food territorialanchorage is based on the combination of both territorial and extra-territorial resources, regardless of thetype of actors or the scale of action. Second, the case studies highlight that food territorial anchorage isoften based on bringing together actors with different models. This reconciliation can be achieved throughthe implementation of a participatory approach or through specific modalities of coordination of actors(formal and informal). Third, territorial anchorage of food is based on the specific contributions of key
actors, whether collective or individual. These contributions may consist in mobilizing certain resources,
bringing together and coordinating stakeholders, integrating and/or assimilating different models or
spreading values and practices from one place to another.
In conclusion, the cross-analysis of our studies highlights several points: territorial anchorage of food is
carried out according to a great diversity of processes (setting up institutional projects or collective action
for example); it is based on the mobilization and creation of resources that can be of different natures but
also of different scales; it often involves bringing together different food system models. Research
perspectives are proposed on the mechanisms for implementing the specific contributions of some actors.

Persistence of commuting Habits: Context effects in Germany
Ms Ramona Hübner1
1

Graduate Programme, Institute for Employment Research-Department of regional labor market, Nuremberg, Germany

S07-S2 Transportation and Mobility in an Ageing Society. Perspectives, Trends and Drivers
IUT_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Based on the geo-referenced data, I analyze the commuting behavior of employees in Germany. In terms ofurbanization and the demographic change, the importance of commuting is continuously growing. With thehelp of a behavioral economic approach, which is based on the investigation of Simonsohn (2006) for the
US, I can show that it is not only the wage and the individual heterogeneity that shape commuting
decisions. Instead, the commuting behavior depends on the context individuals observe in the past. In
particular, I demonstrate that commuting preferences and thus the commuting decision of individuals are
influenced by past-observed commuting options: Workers choose longer commuting times in a region they
just moved to, the longer the average commute was in the region they moved away. My results indicatethat this effect is especially driven by past-observed commuting options and less by individual
heterogeneity, habits and selectivity. Regarding the socio-demographic factor of age, the influence of pastobserved commuting options on the individually selected commuting time is the strongest for older
workers. In addition, I demonstrate if individuals stay in the new region, the effect of the previous region
disappears. This is consistent with behavioral economic prediction, but not with habit formation and stable
taste preferences.

180

Evolution of Spatial Industrial Clusters: Agent-Based Model
Dr. Martin Zoričák1, Prof Vladimír Gazda1, Dr. Denis Horváth2, Prof Oto Hudec1
1

Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Economics, Kosice, Slovak Republic, 2Safarik University in Košice, Center ofInterdisciplinary Biosciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic

S27-S1 Entropy, Complexity and Spatial Dynamics: A Rebirth of Theory?
MILC_Room 309, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Several theoretical concepts (e.g. the Marshallian district theory, New Economic Geography) effort to
explain why the firms from the same industry have a tendency to locate close to each other and toconstitute a population of firms forming an industrial district. The productivity in the industrial districts is
enabled by the collective learning in the emerged industrial clusters thanks to the proximity of the economic
agents through innovation and imitation. A firm often starts with not only one industry and several
activities. Its location is backed by looking for a free location near other firms in the same industry but
working in different - complementary activities to maximise the market position.
A simulation model of historical industrial evolution based on Agent-Based modelling and Cellular automata
is inspired by the Bak-Sneppen model of biological evolution. The two-dimensional cellular automata (twodimensional periodic lattice equivalent to the two- dimensional torus) predesignated to demonstrate realworld spatial cooperation and competition among the firms are proposed. As the evolution of industries ismodelled, the ancient time (initial conditions) is set in the firm profile by a random initial assignment of thesingle industry. Later on, the producers gradually began to recognise the advantages of specialisation andcooperation.
Performance of a firm is considered as dependent on the fitness of its industries and activities with its
neighbourhood. In the course of evolutionary simulation, the least fitted firms are repeatedly forced toadapt to the changing environment by partial mutations of their profiles. The mechanism of evolution in thecritical state can be thought of as an exploratory search for local better fitness, which is rarely successful,but sometimes has enormous effect on the ecosystem. As achieving the self-organised criticality, even asmall change in an industrial profile can cause massive waves of firm restructuring resulting in a new spatial
pattern reorganisation.
In the long-term, new industrial profiles emerge and firms become self-organised in spatial clusters evolving
towards Zipf's rank-size distribution. The proposed simulation model demonstrates its ability to explain
appropriately the long-term evolution of industrial economic structures in both time and space. Moreover,spatial modelling, starting from the basic division of labour to the present, discovers what combination of
the number of industries and activities is the most advantageous for a firm to survive and to increasing its
fitness.

Building resilience: incorporating age-friendly environments into an integrated assessment of resilience toclimate-related hazards in metropolitan land-use management
Prof. Hung-Chih Hung1, Ms Chih-Hsuan Hung2, Ms Li-Jung Wang3, Mr Yan-Ting Sung4
1

National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, 2National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, 3National
Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, 4National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan

G20-O1 Social Innovation for Resilient Regions
IUT_Room 203, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
1. Background
Major portions of metropolitan areas in Asia are highly exposed and vulnerable to devastating climaterelated hazards due to rapid urbanization and over-development in hazard-prone areas. By 2020, as United
Nations’ warning, many Asian countries will also become ‘super-aged societies’, such as Taiwan. However,181

local authorities rarely employ resilience approaches to build age-friendly environments and to support
disaster risk and land-use management. Therefore, a challenge arisen for decision-makers is how toenhance the resilience of metropolitan areas within the context of age-friendliness and disaster risk
reduction. This study aims to propose a novel methodology that encourages stakeholder participation andincorporate age-friendly concept into assessing hazard resilience, examining determinants of resilience aswell as communicate to policy-makers in shaping metropolitan land-use policies.
2. Methods and data
Using Taipei Metropolis, Taiwan as a study area, we created a resilience metric called the Indicators ofResilience to Climate-Related Hazards for the Local Elderly (IRCHLE) that can serve as a proxy forcommunities’ various capacities contributing to resilience and age-friendly environments. Then, this metriccombined focus group meeting with multicriteria decision analysis to measure and map resilience. We
further incorporated a participatory geographic information system (GIS)-based spatial statistical techniquewith cluster analysis to examine the extent to which resilience was spatially autocorrelated throughout themetropolitan areas, and explain why the clustering of low resilient areas occurs in specific locations. To
illustrate the proposed methodology, the study collected data on the resilience, age-friendly attributes anddisaster risk characteristics. The data were offered by the National Science and Technology Center for
Disaster Reduction, National Land-Use Investigation as well as official census statistics.
3. Results
Integrating cluster with GIS-based spatial statistical analysis, the resilience of Taipei Metropolis was divided
into three groups of distribution patterns. This helps identify the core and hotspot areas for policy-makers
to improve land-use planning, age-friendliness and promote resilience. Results show that the least resilient
areas were mostly distributed in the downtown cores and some historic districts. Moreover, we applied a
multivariate regression analysis to examine how the land-use planning and infrastructure factors connectedwith resilience. Results of regression analysis disclose that the major factors influence resilience, including
the levels of exposure to hazards, infrastructure investments and land-use types. Finally, our findings
provide stakeholders and policy-makers with better adaptive options to design and synthesize patchworksof planning measures for various types of resilience areas to enhance their age-friendliness and reduce
disaster risk.

What is “connectivity”? Measuring the regional collaboration potential within the Smart Specialisation
Strategy
Professor Donato Iacobucci1
1

Università Politecnica delle Marche Home - UNIVPM, Ancona, Italy

S54-S2 Evaluating Smart Specialisation: early evidence on policy implementation and economictransformation
IUT_Room 304, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The concept of connectivity proposed by the European Commission in the guide to S3 implementation
foresees a strong interaction between European regions in sharing and exchanging research and innovation.
This basically implies looking for somehow related specialisation patterns beyond the regional
administrative boundaries which have the potential to be combined with regional ones.
Up to now, very few regions have considered connectivity in the design of their S3 strategy. In fact, the lackof data and the absence of a clear methodology discouraged regions from attempting to analyse andmeasure any potential connection with potential European partners, neither within national boundaries.
Using patent data to categorize technological domains in each region, the aim of our work is to explore andempirically assess different measures of connectivity. In particular, we look both at measures of similarity
and complementarity between European regions. Similarity refers to the degree of resemblance in terms of182

relative specialisation in technological domains between regions. Complementarity is related to the
combinatory potential of the technological domains of pairs of regions and it is based on the
aforementioned concept of relatedness. In order to understand whether these two dimensions ofconnectivity are related to the actual collaboration behaviour of EU regions, we look at past EU funded
project that preceded the implementation of Smart Specialisation Strategy, namely those under the Seventh
Framework Programme.
Using the pairs of regions as observations, we look at the probability that two regions collaborate in EU
projects (namely a standardized measure of co-occurrence) is related to the similarity and thecomplementarity between the technological domains in which they are specialised.
Controlling for a number of characteristics of regions, we find that distance has a negative effect oncollaboration and being in the same country of in the same NUTS1 are positively related. Our measures ofconnectivity seem to play a significant role in affecting the probability of collaboration, but while the degreeof similarity is positively associated to the collaboration between region the degree of complementarity has
the opposite effect. These findings suggest that regions tend to establish collaborations when they aretechnologically similar to each others but not when their technological specialisations show highrelatedness, and supposedly high combinatory potential. From a policy perspective, these results raisequestions about both the rationale and the implementation of connectivity strategies as suggested by S3
guidelines.

Outward Foreign Direct Investment and the Skill Composition in Mexican Regions.
Mr Eduardo Ibarra-Olivo1
1

London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom

G05-YS1 Regional and Urban Labour Markets (EPAINOS)
IUT_Room 304, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Despite the growing body of literature devoted to studying the employment effects of outward FDI (OFDI)
on the home economy, evidence on the effects is still inconclusive, with the main focus being developed
economies. Domestic firms invest at home and abroad, implying both negative and positive employment
effects. Net effects will depend on a variety of factors; type of industry, investment motives and competitive
context of host economies, as well as labour market and macroeconomic conditions. In the case ofdeveloped countries, although evidence is not conclusive, in general OFDI has been found to increase, atleast marginally, overall levels of domestic employment, accompanied by changes in the skills composition.
OFDI has been generally thought of a consequence of economic development. Thus, very little attention has
been paid to the contribution which OFDI makes to the development of home countries when the investing
multinationals are from less advanced economies. The early 2000s saw significant changes in the patterns ofcross-border investments as more companies from developing and emerging economies increased their
participation in the world’s total foreign direct investment. Despite the significant rise of emerging country
multinationals in the global investment landscape, evidence on OFDI effects on employment and skills inhome emerging economies is relatively scant. Furthermore, whether the particular destination country of
OFDI matters for the employment in the industry-region of the firm, very much remains an empiricalquestion, especially in the context of emerging economies. Against this background, Mexico represents agood case to study the home-effects of outward FDI for two main reasons. First, as an emerging economy itis still an important recipient of inward FDI, while at the same time many Mexican firms are becoming
important investors abroad. Second, despite these trends, Mexican labour markets are still very
fragmented, and the skill distribution remains highly skewed towards the lower end. This paper addresses
three questions in turn. First, we investigate the extent to which OFDI is associated with changes in
employment in Mexican industry-regions. In other words, whether investing abroad leads to decreases in183the aggregate demand for labour in the relevant labour markets. Second, we enquire if increasing FDI
outflows are associated with changes in the skill composition of local labour markets by shifting the demandfor certain skills. Lastly, we ask whether the effects on labour demand for different skills vary according to
the country of OFDI destination.

Romanian entrepreneurial resilience from the quality of life perspectives
Dr. Raluca Ignat1
1

Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania

S40-S5 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to emphasize the correlation between some quality of life
indicators and Romanian entrepreneurial manifestation, especially for the younger in the most vulnerable
age period, 15-30 years. Based on the correlation, proposals for policy makers and public programmers are
discussed and opportunities for future research are outlined.
Methodology: The research question of the paper is how much does influence the quality of life in Romania
the entrepreneurial resilience? In order to reach the answer, a statistic analysis of secondary data from the
National Trade Register Office in Romania regarding the number of the incorporation of private limited
companies for debutantes and such others is being run together with some national indicators from thequality of life perspectives, such income level and unemployment rate, number of fiscal taxes. Than an
analysis on the correlation between few quality of life indicators and number of new created/registeredcompanies in Romania is run.
Findings: The paper identifies the conceptual junction between entrepreneurship and resilience, and theconnectivity of these two concepts and quality of life. Resilience is a modern concept, although it was firstused in engineering in the middle of the last century. The evolution of the concept is interesting, because
this concept has gone through an obvious and notable multi-discipline.
In the last three decades, Romania was the scene of important social, political and economic exchanges,
more likely shocks. In the same time, young citizens resilience was tested by unexpected and major shocks,
such as revolution, changes of the economic framework, transition from centralized economy to market
economy, impact of IT on the main Romanian industries and their real reorganization, the continuous
urban-rural development gap, the brain-drain and labor migration towards more develop countries, theimpact of the structural, European and national funds. Yet, Romania succeed in show resilient companies
and, resilient entrepreneurs. What are the causes of all these and which will be the most important
ingredient for their success represent important questions for economic and business resilience in general,and for Romanians especially.
Paper type: literature review, statistical analysis, comparative analysis.

Definition, scale and impact of proximity in a community-based primary care system : a study of São
Paulo.
Ms Pauline Iosti1
1

UMR 5600 - EVS, Paris, France

S06-S1 Changes in health care provision, spatial mobility and access to care,
IUT_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Since the Alma-Ata conference in 1978, primary health care has been determined to be the mainorganizational principle of all health care provision systems, because it allows a greater equity and184accessibility to health care. Community-based primary health care are organized on a proximity basis, thatallows health professionals to identify and specifically respond to local health needs. Based on thisassumption, Brazil created in 1994 the Estrategia de Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy - FHS). This
program is organized on a territorial basis, which means that multidisciplinary medical teams are
responsible for a population of about 1500 families, according to their place of residence. This program andits impact on health has been widely studied since its creation. Nevertheless, little has been said on the
precise definition of proximity used in the FHS or on its impact on the users’ accessibility to health care andsatisfaction. The goal of this contribution will be to question the definition, the extent and the benefits ofproximity as an organizational principle of community-based primary care in Brazil.
The data was collected in São Paulo between October 2017 and May 2018, using a qualitative methodology(observations, interviews with about 20 administrative and health care professionals and 80 users). Two FHS
facilities have been studied, with various territorial and social profile.
The results show that the use of proximity as an organizational principle of primary care refers in reality tothree different types of proximity: a geographical, an organized and a relational one. Each of thesedefinitions involve different actors and scales of action. Their impact on declared access to health caredepends on the individual, social and health profile of the population. Proximity appears as a benefit mostly
to elderly people or to people with a chronic disease, who need a regular and continuous care. For the restof the population, the results are nuanced: if relational proximity is valued, territorialisation of health care
was reported by some interviewees as a factor of unsatisfaction.
As a conclusion, these results do not question proximity itself as an organizing principle of primary care andas a potential benefit for populations’ health and access to health care, but it does question the choice of aterritorial approach of this proximity.

The sustainability of a community nurses programme in mountain areas: a Directional Distance Function
approach.
Prof. Roberto Ippoliti1, Dr. Greta Falavigna2
1

University Of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany, 2IRCRES-CNR, , Italy

G06-O1 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This manuscript focuses on the sustainability of a European Union project, funded by the Alpine Space
Programme. This project aims to develop an innovative care model based on community nurses to support
municipalities in promoting active and healthy ageing. Adopting the Directional Distance Function, our work
sets out to propose a specific score able to identify all those municipalities that are inefficient in supporting
the ageing process. According to the estimated scores, policy makers can make more rational use of theavailable resources, implementing the innovative treatments where it is most necessary. In this way, theachievements of this European Union project can be maintained for the sake of the next generation,
avoiding its collapse as soon as funding shifts to new programmes.

Influence of location factors activated by economic policy on industrial park
Dr. Toshiharu Ishikawa1
1

Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan

G12-O3 Location of Economic Activity
MILC_Room 310, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.
185

Economic impact analysis of regional policy using an interregional input-output model consideringinterregional commuting and consuming regions
Prof. Yoshifumi Ishikawa1
1

Nanzan University, Nagoya, Japan

G06-O4 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Various types of policies related to economic promotion and population growth have been implemented forregional revival. The economic effects of these policies are generally estimated using an intra-regional inputoutput model, and these policies are evaluated by indexes such as production, value added, and labor
income. However, one major issue with the intra-regional model commonly used is how to endogenize
private household consumption that can be linked to labor income. Labor income estimated by theconventional model is not the net regional income, but rather, the gross regional income. That is, the grossregional income is distributed to the other region due to interregional commuting, and some part of theconsumption demand of households living in a region is allocated to the other region. Therefore, theconventional model may overestimate the economic effects of the own region.
In this study, we developed an interregional input-output model with interregional commuting andconsuming regions and considered a new method for analyzing the economic effects of such promotion
policies for a small region. As an example, we analyzed the effects of some regional policies for some cities
using this model and found that analysis using the conventional model overestimates the economic effects
of regional policy.

Spatial economic impacts of highway network completion in Greater Tokyo Area
Dr Tomoki Ishikura1
1

Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan

S32-S1 Spatial CGE, land use and transport modeling
IUT_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Full paper is available online.

Regional Location and the Question of Technological and Non-Technological Innovation
Dr. Emil Israel1, Dr. Eyal Salinger2
1

Technion Israel Inst of Technology, Haifa, ISRAEL , 2Samuel Neaman Institute for National Policy Research, Haifa, Israel

G08-O5 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Innovation is a diffusional process, according to much research in geography. In this process, saturation ineconomic cores of national and international markets increases the probability of an innovation trickling out
and affecting other regions. Economic cores provide the best prospects for innovation in comparison tolagging regions. Economic cores, which are usually metropolitan regions, are characterized by an innovative‘milieu’ with ample and appropriate resources to stimulate innovation, particularly technological advances,that stems from R&D investments and introduction of new products. Conversely, lagging regions lacking
significant urban agglomerations suffer from structural inferiority due to, among other things, lack of an
appropriate milieu. These shortages include lack of a skilled labor force, infrastructural inferiority, absenceof training facilities, and social and organizational culture that does not encourage (technological)
186

innovation. To contend with this inferiority, contemporary regional policies emphasize new aspects ofinnovation. These endeavors advance non-technological forms of innovation, which do not necessarily
require significant investments in R&D. It is believed that such a shift could stimulate regional innovation,and thus promote economic growth of lagging regions. This study explores different forms of regionalinnovation by looking at an empirical case study that concentrates on a comparison between a core region
and periphery in Israel. The current inquiry utilizes the innovation surveys of the Central Bureau of Statistics
of Israel conducted in the years 2006-2008 and 2010-2012. These surveys sampled more than 4,000 firms in
different economic sectors, within different parts of the country, enabling the distinction between
technological and non-technological innovation outcomes (for example innovative products and processes)that these firms introduced in different geographical areas. The study uses logistic regression models to test
for the probability that firms introduce an innovative output, as function of their location, investments in
R&D, economic sectors to which they belong to, technological characteristics, as well as their size, degree ofmulti-nationality and their seniority in the market. The results show that overall, differences in theprobability of a firm to technologically innovate are not necessarily the outcome of their spatial location.
However, the location of firms in the periphery decreases the probability that a firm will non-technologicallyinnovate in comparison to location in Israel's main metropolitan region. The findings also indicate that firms
in the periphery will conduct more non-technological innovation if they were in core regions. The results
have policy implications for the promotion of regional economic growth.

Understanding Social Considerations on Carpooling in the Autonomous Vehicle Era
Mr Fabian Israel1, Ms Pnina Plaut1
1

Technion - Israel institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

S31-S1 Carpooling for daily trips
IUT_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
For the past few years, there has been a growing interest in autonomous vehicles (AV) due to theirrevolutionary potential both for vehicle technology, and more importantly for their far-reaching expected
impacts on urban mobility. One of the main questions emerging from AV research is whether AV can be anagent for a new socio-urban mobility system. AVs might pave the way for more creative and innovative
ways of sharing mobility models. It is widely accepted that the main benefits that AV may bring to our urban
mobility, is conditioned by the form in which the new technology will be adopted and used. If AV will be
adopted in a sharing form it could be very beneficial for our urban life, if not, the new technology will only
worsen the already damaged urban environment.
In this work we explore how AV could be adopted under a sharing usage modality by user’s perception, inparticular we refer to tripsharing in the AV era. In this direction we want to understand people’s
perceptions and desires about possible travel behavior forms related to group configurations for travel,
based on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyles, activity and travel needs, preferences, values andcommon interest. Focus groups are conducted in order to explore and reveal the principal
dimensions/parameters that are relevant to individuals when they think about AV and specifically shared AV
usage including: travel behavior changes, subjective considerations about the possibilities that AVs offer,and the construction of future scenarios and usage models. The main goal is to identify key parameters
regarding the preferences and concerns of users for the potential SAVs usage. Understanding and predicting
sharing models for AV usage are important elements for the future development of transport infrastructure,business models, regulations and new public-private partnership schemes.

187

Urban accessibility by public transport, what particularity for the new city Ali Mendjeli (Constantine)?
Mme sabrina Issad1
1

1989, Constantine, Algérie

G16-O6 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In the contemporary city, transport systems are clearly identified objects that are subject to multiple
constraints (consumption of space and energy), accused of generating nuisances (both locally and globally),
but which are also subject to multiple expectations (serve all areas of the city, accessible to all social groups
and especially effective).
Created to solve the problems of the mother city Constantine where the first projects began in 1993, the
new city Ali Mendjeli today has exceeded the expectations of its designers, marked by its fluctuating urban
dynamics, whose accessibility is one of its major areas.
Our presentation is part of a thesis project on modeling tools for urban accessibility by public transport, it
takes a reading of current urban mobility focusing on the public transport network and the interaction logic
between public and private operators in order to evaluate the quality of the offer and redefine the demandthrough the intermediary of modeling tools in particular GIS.
The measurement of accessibility is a privileged tool for analyzing the spatial performance of transport
networks according to temporal variables (frequency, regularity, speed, adaptation to urban rhythms), GIS
represents an advanced technique of monitoring, adjustment or intervention where our approach leads tothe design of a system integrating all public transport networks (tramway & bus), it is based on thesimulation of the new network states which leads to reduce the dysfunctions and translate its stakes into its
spatial dimension.

Does emerging middle class support democracy? A comparative analysis of China, countries withauthoritarian political regimes and recent post-socialist democracies.
Dr. Artjoms Ivlevs1
1

University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom

S24-S1 Neo-Weberian Approaches to China: Cultural Attitudes and Economic Development
IUT_Room 415, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper aims to assess the political attitudes, actions and preferences of the middle class people in China,
as well as in other countries characterised by authoritarian political regimes/tendencies (Russia, Turkey,
Iran, Egypt, Vietnam, Azerbaijan) and post-socialist countries that have recently established democratic
regimes (Poland, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Estonia), with a broader objective of identifying the role thatthe middle class might play in contributing to and sustaining democratic and institutional change.
Conceptually, the study draws on the modernisation and critical junctures theories of economic growth andpolitical development. The empirical analysis is based on the two rounds (2005-09 and 2010-14) of theWorlds Values Survey. Very preliminary results suggest that, in China, people in the upper half of theincome distribution or those identifying themselves as middle class are not more likely to support
democracy or be engaged in political activities that poorer people. This casts doubt on whether the middle
class in China will be driving political and institutional change. Comparisons with other countries are
currently underway.

188

Urban regeneration in Poland: a review of theoretical aspects and an analysis of experiences frompractice
Dr. Wojciech Jarczewski
1Institute of Urban and Regional Development, Kraków, Poland

G06-O2 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Urban regeneration/renewal is an inner-city process that began in the 1950s in Western Europe and the
USA aimed at regenerating degraded residential environments and since the 1970s – at improving theattractiveness of places (market objectives – generating an increase in the value of property). In Poland,
until 1990, during the period of real socialism, city centres were underinvested, but one can distinguishcertain, gradually more and more original processes implemented in these areas: reconstruction, neointegration, and later, retroversion.
The urban renewal method, known in Western Europe and North America as urban regeneration/renewal,
was more widely popularized in Poland as "revitalisation" around 2004, after Poland's accession to the EU.
The Regional Operational Programmes co-financed by the EU provided funds for "revitalisation" as animportant instrument of urban renewal.
Following detailed research of the projects implemented as part of "revitalisation" projects, it was foundthat in practice "revitalisation" in Poland was a specific process, only partly referring to the experience ofurban regeneration/renewal. Three groups of activities are collectively referred to as revitalisation:
1.
Transformation of post-industrial and degraded areas and their adaptation to new functions
2.
Renewal/aestheticisation of city centres (and in recent years also of rural areas)3.
Implementation of other projects important for local communities
The vast majority of the "revitalisation" projects focused on the renewal of centres, which at the same time
were constantly losing their functions. Revitalisation was not able to stop this process. However, it was
found that local communities needed city centres to build their (territorial) identity and were willing toallocate public funds to them, even if they do not currently use these areas.
The research is a part of the NewUrbPact project co-financed by the National Centre for Research andDevelopment within the Strategic Programme of Scientific Research and Development Works "Social andeconomic development of Poland in the conditions of globalizing markets" – GOSPOSTRATEG.

Developing Economic – Environmental Hybrid IO-CGE model for the Danish municipalities
Dr Nino Javakhishvili-Larsen1, Irena Stefaniak1, Albert Kwame Osei-Owusu2
1

Center For Regional And Tourism Research, Frederiksberg C, Denmark, 2Department of Environmental Science - Emission
modelling & environmental geography, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark

S34-S1 Regional Modelling: New Approaches and Data
MILC_Room 308, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
There are ongoing political and scientific debates regarding pollution from the economic activities and its
consequences on nature and society in the global terms. The climate change seems inevitable and thenatural resources keep depleting. One of the reasons can be because we lack understanding how to treat
the resources and how to decrease pollution without creating economic disasters, hunger and further
conflicts. Another reason can also be the fact that we look the environmental issues mainly globally with thenational political checklist of solutions, however, we fail to understand that the pollution and utilisation of
the resources are result of the locally bounded economic activities and therefore, solutions for the global
environmental issues should be studied and solved locally. The aim of this paper is to develop189methodological approaches for integrating environmental data to the local economic data and constructmultiregional IO and CGE model bottom-up, for small geographical units, such as municipalities in Denmark.
The research is based on the Danish Interregional economic model SAM-K/LINE for Danish municipalities. In
this mode, the interregional SAM is built on two-by-two-by-two approach, involving two sets of actors(production units and institutions / households), two types of markets (commodities and factors) and two
locations (origin and destination). While LINE is based on the Leontief and Miyazawa formulations of theInterrelational Income Multiplier Model that incorporates SAM data input and the two-by-two-by-two
approach.
This paper describes the methodology that we use to hybridize the economic cycle of LINE with theemission cycle at the product (commodity) and the municipality (NUTS3) level.
In this paper we explain how we intend to extend SAM-K/LINE model by creating environmental-economic
accounting for production and final demand by commodity and geography. This will allow us to study bothproducer and consumer actions and test how changes in the production at one side and the consumption
on the other side can support the reduction of carbon footprint, by maintaining economic growth. Linking
the demand-side approach to supply-side approach and developing the economic-environmental hybrid IOCGE at the local (municipality) level will contribute to the previous similar attempts, which should create
better understanding of how to solve environmental issues at the local level in order to save the planet
globally.

Performance and Implications of Public Deliberation on Urban Metro Project -The Case of Gwangju in
South Korea
Prof. Bonghyun Jeong11Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

G06-O6 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Gwangju Metro Line 2 Project (GMP) is an essential urban transportation infrastructure project to mitigate
traffic congestion in GMC, improve the traffic environment and promote urban development. The basic planfor GMP was decided in 2002, but controversy has continued conflict over the route, changes inconstruction method and heavy budget burden over the past 16 years. As a result, the project was not
finalized. This has resulted in problems such as aggravated traffic congestion in Gwangju Metropolitan City
(GMC), increase in construction cost, deterioration of the urban environment, a declined urban economy,inconsistency of urban transport policy, and conflicts in civil society. GMP is an enlarged circulation typeline, with a total length of 41.9 km and a total construction cost of 2.57 trillion won, which will be built inthree stages during the 2019 ~ 2025 period.
The 7th Mayor of GMC, who was elected in June 2018, attempted to decide whether to implement the
GMP through a public deliberation (PD). As a result of the PD, the project was finalized. Therefore, thepurpose of this paper is to analyze the achievements and limitations of GMP and to present policy
implications comprehensively. The main contents of this study include an introduction, an outline of publicdeliberation for transportation projects, a case study of public deliberation on GMP, the performance andimplications of public deliberation on GMP, and conclusions. This study will be conducted by a theoreticalreview of related literature, an analysis of existing research and statistical data, participatory observation,and field survey. The results of this paper will contribute to the establishment of theories on public
transportation investment, improvement of urban traffic problems, securing consistency and accountabilityof urban transport policies, and attracting public investment.

190

A Study on the Correlation between Mobile E-Government Use Satisfaction and Political Efficacy in South
Korea's 2030 Generation
Ms Juhee Jeong1, Mr James Jeong2, Mr Jumong Na3
1

Chonnam National University, Gawngju/bukgu/gakhaw, South Korea, 2Chonnam National University,
Gawngju/bukgu/chomdan, South Korea, 3Chonnam National University, Gawngju/Seogu/Sangmu, South Korea

G06-O1 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
According to the Ministry of Science and ICT's 2017 Internet Usage Survey, 90.3% South Koreans over 3
years of age use the internet. In particular, the usage rate of smartphones in the 2030 generation reaches
99.8%, making it easier to access the Internet through mobile. Based on these trends, many scholars
recently note that the Internet has transformed the younger generation into a political participant with a
new mode of activity. In addition, the transition to e-government centered on citizen participation is taking
place. Therefore, e-government is changing from 'provision' of civil service to 'role as window' where
opinions can be presented if the internet is available. The purpose of this study is to confirm the descriptive
statistics of the e-government use satisfaction of 2030 Generation households based on the survey of actual
conditions of e-government service utilization conducted by the National Information Society Agency. This
study subsequently gives an insight into the e-government services that have influenced the political
efficacy of the 2030 Generation. Based on these insights, I will present development directions to reinforce
Korea's status as a world leader in e-government. Through this study, it is expected that the citizens'political participation will be expanded in the future and the directions to better realize e-democracy will bepresented.

Regionalizing Social Accounting Matrices through input-output updating methods: an empiricalcomparison analysis
Ms Sofía Jiménez1, Alfredo Mainar2
1

University Of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain, 2European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Seville, Spain

S34-S1 Regional Modelling: New Approaches and Data
MILC_Room 308, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The analysis of the functioning of the regional economies is fundamental to understand basic aspects in theeconomic development. Knowing the specific behavioural mechanisms of regional economies is key, bothfor the individual study of each region in particular, and for the analysis of interactions in a global economy,
due to the mechanisms of translation of the effects between economies that operate in the same context.
To capture the full economic impact, a significant amount of data is necessary, especially to use
multisectoral models, which fit in a particularly suitable way to the regional analysis (use of linear
multipliers or computable general equilibrium models (CGE), for example). But the application of these tools
requires the use of Input-output frames or, whenever possible, the construction of Social Accounting
Matrices (SAM). Therefore, one of the biggest problems when carrying out regional economic analysis is theabsence of adequate databases for the empirical study of the theoretical models proposed or for the exante evaluation of regional economic policy proposals.
The objective of this paper is to get some more insight about the different methods available forregionalizing SAMs. In order to do that, we apply some existing methods in the literature for the updating
and temporal projection of Input output tables, but adapted here to Social Accounting matrices (SAMs) andto a spatial projection or extrapolation. For this application, a European Union SAM will be used and its
systematic regionalization will be applied to each of the 28 member states.
191

The methods that we have chosen are going to test are the following: EURO (Eurostat, 2008c; Beutel andRueda-Cantuche, 2012), RAS (Günlük-Senesen and Bates, 1988; McDougall, 1999), Cross Entropy Method CEM- (Robinson et al., 2001) and Flegg's location quotient (Flegg and Tohmo, 2013). The EU28 SAM will beregionalized for each member state, using all methods indicated and making a subsequent comparison withthe single country SAM directly estimated from its national data.
For further information.
See extended abstract online.

Economic growth and the impact of territorial and economic closeness.
Ms Sofía Jiménez1, Ms Rosa Duarte1, Mr Julio Sánchez-Chóliz1, Mr Alfredo Mainar2, Ms Patricia Fuentes3
1

University Of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain, 2Joint Research Centre, Seville, Spain, 3Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville,
Spain

G08-O3 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Nowadays new debate about economic growth and its drivers can be found in economic literature. Besides,with the start of globalization process regional patterns and its effects over development have been on theforefront of discussions.
With technological improvements that led to lower transportation costs and better communication among
countries and regions, territorial and geographical aspects seem to be replaced in a second place. However,as Crevoisier (2004) claim development and economic growth cannot be understood separately of thespatial context. Besides, some recent works show the importance of spatial issues in order to do acountry/region more attractive than another for capturing new investments, trade partners, etc.
However, we have to note that not only does matter spatial actors but also social and economic ones areimportant. In other words, economic growth is explained by a combination of economic, social andgeographical drivers. In this context, the main aim of this study is to get more insight about these issues
analyzing to what extent these different dimensions (economic, social and geographical) have affectedeconomic growth in the last two decades.
In order to do that we are going make use of a panel data analysis where GDPpc will be our dependent
variable and the analysis is going to be done in an international context at country level. We will basically
explore the role of four variables that are geographical distance, economic similarity, social and culturalsimilarity and trade closeness that will be calculated by the application of nearest neighbor method. For theconstruction of most part of variables, mainly economic similarity and trade closeness, we will work in an
input-output framework because of its capacity to capture linkages among countries. MRIO framework is a
useful tool to study these kind of issues as this let us capture issues such as technological and spatial
spillovers or technological regional patterns (see Capello (2013)). As a main database we will use EORA thatcovers 190 countries and the period 1990-2015 (see Lenzen et al. (2013)). The rest of variables will be builtwith data from the World Bank following the most common indicators used in economic literature (forinstance, linguistic distance). We expected as a results to be all of them significant although economic
similarity and trade closeness with higher coefficient and increasing trend of its effects.

192

Territorial Project at Reunion Island around savoir-vivre, proximity relations and culture as commons
Ms Tanika Join1
1

Université De La Réunion, St Denis, France

S20-S3 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In Reunion Island, a French overseas department in the south-west Indian Ocean, spaired since now 5 to 10
years, different initiatives and alternatives to defend the the island’s commons. From biodiversity tolandscapes or from musical culture to architectural heritage, take place the Reunion’s living-together, as thepillars of the sustainable development of the island. Referring to the Reunion living-together as a common,a set of actors from a muldisciplinary panel and multiple decision-making spheres, rise to build the projectof a societal model change for the territory. This common good, around which a diversity of identity, pointsof view, and speeches can be built, poses the problem of a common project capable of making one in thisdiversity. This ambition encourages to meet actors for whom the tools of a common work must be drawn
and redraw in an iterative process, from the edition to launching project. This project, is the study case on
which this communication proposes to return. How do we do to pass from a common speech on the links
between science and society to a common action carried by a group of engaged citizens. Will see that thedefinition of this common, question the actors in place and encourage a restructuring territorial action.

Not so Smart? The City and the Digital Economy
Prof. Calvin Jones1
1

Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

S11-S1 The regional socio-economic impact of the 4th industrial revolution
UdL_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
There has been extensive and detailed discussion of the impact of digital technologies on productive anddistribution systems, and especially the role of humans within them. Analysis has focussed on which tasks,
occupations and industries might be most or most quickly affected, and what ameliorative actions might betaken to reduce or mitigate negative impacts. There has, however, been far less attention on the spatial
implications of technological incursion, with such analysis so far only drawing on patterns of industrial
distribution or extant automation to draw conclusions. We consider more widely the role of cities in an
automating world and suggest that the impact of technology on production and consumption will combinewith ownership patterns in technology sectors and the existing distribution of globalised production tosignificantly reduce the ability of cities in most places, and hence of most countries, to generate economic
value. In particular the reduction in labour returns relative to capital, the concentrated ownership of criticaltechnological intellectual property and mediating platforms, together with the concentration of many cities
on tech-vulnerable activities are important issues. The ultimate 'resting place' of value added will be criticalat a time when governments at various scales will be called upon to intervene to help people respond to thesocio-economic impacts of artificial intelligence and automation .

193

Productivity effects of decentralization: fragmentation, local authority and quality of governance
Mr Dylan Jong1
1

University Of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

G22-YS1 Institutions
IUT_Room 205, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Business Innovation in Peripheral European Regions
Dr. Declan Jordan1, Dr Justin Doran1
1

University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

G21-O1 Innovation and Entrepreneurship
UdL_Room 106, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
A key motivation and explanation for spatial concentration of economic activity is the potential forknowledge spillovers. However, there is only a recent (though growing) interest in how these factors workin peripheral locations. The analysis presented here seeks to shed light on the impact of peripherality on theeffectiveness of R&D and cooperation on innovation. This analysis questions whether R&D and cooperation
for business innovation in businesses is conditioned by the degree of geographic peripherality. The analysis
uses data on innovation outputs and activity from the European Regional Innovation Scorecard andregional-level human capital and demographic data from Eurostat Regional Data. Peripherality is measured
by constructing construct an index which takes into account geographic distance and economic weight. A
value is created for each region which is the weighted average of the GDP of all surrounding regions withthe weighting decreasing as distance increases.
The paper analyses the impact of R&D and cooperation on innovation at a regional level and assesses theimpact of being in the core versus the periphery on innovation at a regional level. The econometric model isestimated using a random effects panel estimation technique. Once the model is estimated we obtain themarginal effects of the impact of R&D and cooperation on innovation conditional upon the peripherality
index. We then obtain two further impacts, the marginal effects of R&D on innovation conditional upon thecentrality index and cooperation, and the marginal effects of cooperation on innovation conditional upon
the centrality index and R&D.
The analysis finds that the effectiveness of R&D for innovation diminishes as regions become more
peripheral, but remains positive for all regions. The effectiveness of cooperation for innovation diminishes
as regions become more peripheral and is negative for approximately 30% of the most peripheral regions.
R&D is most effective in central regions, particularly in regions with higher levels of cooperation. R&D isleast effective in peripheral regions which also exhibit high levels of cooperation. Cooperation for
innovation is most effective in core regions with high levels of R&D and in peripheral regions that exhibit
relatively lower levels of R&D. Cooperation for innovation is least effective in peripheral regions that exhibit
relatively higher levels of R&D. The analysis suggests that in central regions R&D and cooperation arecomplements for innovation, while in peripheral regions R&D and cooperation are substitutes.

194Wages of foreign and native employees in Germany: New light on an old issue
Mr Oskar Jost1, Prof Stephan Brunow2
1

Institute for Employment Research, Berlin, Germany, 2University of Applied Labour Studies, Schwerin, Germany

S41-S6 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Our paper puts new light on the decomposition of the wage gap between foreign and native employees inGermany. A general problem of such analyses is the chosen reference or comparison group. We overcome
this problem by choosing an unbiased reference group that is neither discriminated nor preferred within a
firm: German employees who work in firms that solely employ Germans. Our results show higher wages forforeign workers than for natives given their observable factors. We compare our findings to the results of
the orthodox reference group in this context: German employees working in firms employing Germans andforeigners. Doing this, we find that observable factors explain almost the whole wage gap. To illustrate theeconomic implication of our findings we convert the effects of the observed factors on the wage gap into
actual Euro amounts. Our results lead us to the conclusion that discrimination is negligible from an
economic point of view. In addition, we can confirm some findings from previous studies: In particular, lowskilled foreign employees earn significantly higher wages than low-skilled German workers. In order to takea closer look at this circumstance and to increase the validity of our results, we take particular account ofpotential selectivity as well as a possible overqualification of foreign workers.

Regional inequalities in the EU countries: Utilizing the median
Ms. Stevi Vafeiadou1, Professor Marie Noelle Duquenne1, Dr. Dimitris Kallioras1, Dr. Maria Tsiapa1
1

University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

G10-O3 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Fueling the relative academic debate and providing insight to the evaluation of the relative policies, theevolution of regional inequalities is an issue of utmost importance. Hence, the study of regional inequalities- in particular, the study of regional convergence / divergence - is at the heart of regional science. From thepolicy viewpoint, the study of regional convergence / divergence may interpret as a sign with respect to theevaluation of the effectiveness and the efficiency of the implemented regional policy mix. From the theory
viewpoint, the study of regional convergence / divergence may serve as an empirical exercise with respect
to the affirmation of regional development theories.
Referring to the diachronic decrease of the overall dispersion of a (regional) dataset, σ-convergence is adominant concept in the empirical regional convergence / divergence literature. Σ-convergence may,usually, apprehend through the coefficient of variation (CV) and the weighted coefficient of variation (wCV)
measures. CV is a standardized (relative) measure of dispersion and may express as the ratio of the standard
deviation of a (regional) dataset to the corresponding mean, at a given date. Including a weighting factor in
the CV formula, so as to account for the corresponding relative (regional) size in the treatment of the(regional) dataset, allows for the compilation of the wCV formula, the weighted CV counterpart.
The paper revisits the σ-convergence concept, on the, purely, statistical rationale that the mean is a central
tendency measure highly sensitive to the presence of outliers. To this end, the paper specifies theconventional CV and wCV measures against the backdrop of the median, proposing the corresponding
CVmd and wCVmd measures. Supported from an illustrative empirical analysis of regional inequalities in the
EU countries (NUTS III spatial level), the paper indicates that different expressions of the σ-convergenceconcept may lead to different inferences with respect to regional inequalities. Such an indication, besides its
195scientific importance per se, provides important policy implications given that different expressions of theσ-convergence concept may mask the magnitude of the actual regional problem.

The Impact of Minimum Wages on Wages and Employment: Evidence from Greece
Dr Andreas Georgiadis3, Dr. Ioannis Kaplanis1,4, Dr Vassilis Monastiriotis2
1

Hellenic Industrial Property Organisation (OBI), Athens, Greece, 2London School of Economics, London, UK, 3Brunel
University, London, UK, 4Panteion University of Social Sciences, Athens, Greece

G05-O2 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The employment effect of minimum wages has been and remains a deeply controversial topic in theeconomics literature. The debate is mostly based on evidence from the USA and there is less evidence fromother contexts, such as Europe, where minimum wages are higher and they are set through different
mechanisms. This paper investigates the impact of minimum wages on wages and employment using
administrative panel matched employer-employee data for the period between 2009 and 2017 in Greece.
The key novelty of our analysis is that we use a range of sources of variation in the minimum wage,
including two increases, one decrease, and an introduction of a youth subminimum, enacted under
different labour market institutional regimes, at different points in the business cycle, and employ a rangeof estimators, such as difference-in-differences, fixed effects, and Instrumental Variables. Our analysis
includes a regional component as it utilises variation in the ‘bite’ of the minimum wage across regions,industries, and periods and allow for region, industry, and period-specific fixed effects to control forunobserved heterogeneity. Our key findings are that minimum wages have a positive and significant effecton individual and firm-level wages with significant positive wage spillovers extending, sometimes, above themedian wage, but no systematic employment effects.

Firm performance, R&D government spending, and regional innovation: evidence from Greece
Dr. Ioannis Kaplanis1,3, Ms Theano-Maria Tagaraki1,2
1Hellenic Industrial Property Organisation (OBI), Athens, Greece, 2Athens School of Economics and Business, Athens,
Greece, 3Panteion University of Social Sciences, Athens, Greece

S55-S2 The EU Cohesion Policy after 2020 – How to achieve faster and more impactful spending where it isneeded the most?
IUT_Room 303, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
A driving force for regional economic growth is the high rate of innovation as it could be linked to regional
competitiveness and increased welfare. Investment in research and development (R&D) is critical for
fostering a successful innovation level. In the context of supporting innovative firms, governments promote
R&D activities through a variety of instruments such as fiscal incentives and direct grants. The effectivenessof such policies is crucial for achieving sustainability, especially in times of economic rigidity, and needs
careful examination.
Investment in R&D in Greece has increased significantly during the last decade, and reached 1.14% of the
GDP in 2017. The role of government spending in R&D has been prominent, and even during the crisis theabsolute numbers rose from 648 million in 2011 to 885 million in 2017. Regional differences in innovative
performance demonstrate the necessity to evaluate the impact of such policies in promoting innovation andin turn, economic growth. We specifically utilize the National Strategic Reference Framework funding196

program for the 2007-2013 period, and focus on the thematic priorities targeting to reinforce R&D activities
in the country. Greek Regional Authorities administered the regional funds following a consultation process
through a consortium of local partners that aimed to utilise local capabilities, skills and comparativeadvantages of each region, and shaped appropriate policies.
Our analysis examines the impact of Greek R&D government spending and regional innovation on individual
firm performance, employing various econometric techniques, while controlling for both firm and regional
characteristics, such as capital and labour, as well as, human capital, social-economic factors, corporate andmarket characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, this kind of evaluation takes place for the first time for
Greece.
For the firm performance analysis, we utilise a rich source of business data, the National General
Commercial Registry (G.E.MI.), where all legal forms of businesses in Greece are obliged to be registered.
For the innovation part, we use newly collected and processed data from the Greek Patent Office (Hellenic
Industrial Property Organization- OBI), in order to frame and analyze the innovative performance for Greek
regions for the period of 1988-2016. Innovative performance is measured by both quantity and quality
patent indicators.
Our study provides interesting results relating to R&D government spending effectiveness in promoting
enhanced firm performance and innovation in micro level and demonstrates the role of other regional
characteristics in this direction, as well.

Local food, as destination attribute for travel motivation, satisfaction and stimulus for tourism
development
Mr Dimitris Karagiannis1, Mr Theodore Metaxas
1

University of Thessaly, VOLOS, Greece

G18-O5 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Tourism has become an important global economic and leisure activity and food is a crucial element indestination branding and experience. Numerous promotional activities, including food experience areengaged in order to attract more tourists and improve their satisfaction. If a destination manages to identify
and satisfy the needs and wants of tourists, these tourists will probably make repeat visits and spread
positive word of mouth publicity. Food is a powerful tool that involves all human senses and can assist totourists’ satisfaction at a destination. Measuring tourist satisfaction plays an important role in marketing
tourism products and services. In recent years, researchers have discussed the close relationships among
the psychological variables, such as motivation, attitude, perception, and satisfaction. Therefore, it isworthwhile to use these variables to study about tourists’ behavior. Specifically; perception is the process
by which the sensations are selected, organized, and interpreted. Robbins (2005) defines perception as aprocess by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning totheir environment. The tourists perceive the taste, quality, and nature through their five senses andperception may be different from tourist to tourist. Furthermore, sensation refers to the immediate
response of the human sensory receptors, i.e. eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and skin to basic stimuli such assights, sounds, smells, taste, and feelings. When visitors consume products, such as local food and services,
associatively they compare the actual situation with their buying expectation. Consequently, the perceived
service quality may directly affect tourists’ satisfaction. Based on tourists’ attitudes and perception on what
they have seen, consumed, and experienced, they develop their satisfaction or dissatisfaction about theirholiday spending, which is crucial for the future economic and leisure activity of a tourism destination. The
purpose of this paper is a twofold. First, to examine the relationship between, food, destination attribute
importance & performance, travel motivation and satisfaction, as potential influences to tourism
197

development. Second, an attempt to compare some of the major measurements of satisfaction researchmodels and frameworks (instruments) that have been developed to identify and measure tourists’satisfaction, related to a destination and its food.
KEYWORDS: Food Tourism, Perception, Motivation, Customer Satisfaction, Tourism Development

Electoral politics and spatial variation of well-being in Turkey
Dr. Pinar Deniz2, Dr. Burhan Can Karahasan1, Dr. Mehmet Pinar3
1

Piri Reis University , Istanbul, Turkey, 2Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, 3Edge Hill University, Liverpool, UK

G06-O4 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Subjective well-being has been extensively discussed at country level. While, some of these studies use
micro level data in order to understand within country differences, others use aggregate data for exploring
the cross country variation. These studies find out that subjective well-being is prone to significant amountof variability at individual and country level. That said, regional dimension of subjective well-being has notcentral to these studies. More interestingly, literature explaining the variation of subjective well-being
points out the importance of factors such as unemployment, education, standard of living, poverty, healthoutcomes and income disparities. Even though these factors are crucial, a possible neglected dimension isthe existence of political factors. For instance, one can expect that individuals' political decisions andoutcome of the elections at local level can shape the geographical distribution of well-being. We discuss
that, individuals residing in regions that are close to government's ideological stance can realize better
subjective well-being. Therefore, an institutional network can exist among the individuals and central
government which in turn shapes the level of regional well-being. Evolving around discussions on spatial
and political dimension of well-being, this study aims to explore how political factors influence spatial
variation of well-being among the NUTS III level Turkish regions. Using province level data and controllingfor a host of determinants that are likely to influence regional well-being, findings pin-point that ideologicalfractionalization and distance to ideological stance of the government both matters for understanding the
spatial variation of regional well-being in Turkey. Moreover, our findings highlight that spatial dimension
matters as well. First, spatial variation of regional well-being is not random. Rather there is significant
spatial auto-correlation for well-being at local level. That is, level of well-being in a region is notindependent from its spatial proximity. Finally, we find out that spatial heterogeneity is also crucial. These
results from spatial analysis point out that impact of political factors on regional well-being has a nonrandom geographical pattern, albeit this link is spatially heterogeneous. This reminds that one size does not
fit all in terms of local impact of political factors.

Mapping Agricultural R&D and Innovation Systems in Turkey: Opportunities and Strengths
Ms Melek Karahasan1, Prof Aliye Ahu Akgün1
1

Istanbul Technical University, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, İstanbul, Turkey

G23-O3 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Agriculture is crucial in terms of supplying safe food, contributing to the national income and ensuring theecological balance. Agricultural innovation and agricultural R & D have gained importance in increasing
productivity and efficiency in agriculture due to unproductivity and inadequate agricultural land.
Agricultural innovation is expressed as a dynamic system that contributes to the development,
dissemination, and exploitation of new technologies related to agriculture, which directly or indirectly198affects the technological process, and which includes a wide range of stakeholders. Agricultural researchand development aims to produce new information and transmit this information to its users.
As agriculture is the sign for independency of a country, agricultural innovation system and R&D process
have been started by public authorities but today, the actors are diverse. The change of actors actuallybrings up the question of whether they are also benefitting from the agricultural potentials and assets oragricultural innovation and R&D is an independent process. In order to answer this question, we focused on
Turkey’s agricultural R&D and Innovation systems. First, we identified the characteristics of the actors ofthese systems and then, we also visualized their spatial distribution. Turkey, has a significant agriculturalpotential with its fertile lands, water resources, climate and ecological values. The method of the study isbased on the literature review and visualization. In this study, first agricultural R & D and agricultural
innovation are explained, then Turkey's agricultural R & D and innovation system has been described andactors within the process were examined in four different time-periods. In this context, unit location choicesof actors of the process which are public institutions, private sector and universities, starting dates of R&D
and innovation activities, the size of agricultural areas and amount of agricultural production of the regions
have been used as a dataset. ArcMap 10.3 program was used to map data compiled in SPSS. The lack ofsuch a study in Turkey and how the country assesses the agricultural potential of the country are theoriginal aspect of the study. The expected results of the study are that the actors involved in the non-public
actors during the process and the spatial distribution of the actors take place in line with the country's
agricultural potentials.

Regional Science: exhortations for thoughts
Ms Maria Karanika1, Dr. Dimitris Kallioras2
1

University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece, 2University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

S01-S2 Regional Science Footprints of Walter Isard
IUT_Room Amphi 10, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
It is not surprising about what and how concerning space occupied spiritual minds for decades, nor the factthat the questions concerning space are often philosophical questions with economic and geographic
endings. The answer for decoding of space inconsistencies was given by the Walter Isard, who saw total
space as not undifferentiated or homogeneous, pointing out that neither are patterns of activity spatiallychaotic. By directing efforts to construct macro-geographic measures of spatial structure, through spatial
statistics, he initiated regional science in order to identify and analyze the problems of regions and suggest
solutions.
Reflecting on its formal origins, evolution, approach and focus, regional science focused on the concept ofregion and regional structure. However, the organization and configuration of data from exploring socialand economic phenomena based on the development of new theories and models in order to clarify spatial
components are not sufficient to ensure the continuity of the idem numero of regional science. The
extremely abstract assumptions, the mathematical complexity and the vague perceptions of space andbehavior have created the first doubts about the ability of regional science to offer particular truths thanuniversal ones.
Irrespective of intense vitriolic attacks, the tangible example of the EU suggests that, in addition to its strongemphasis on modeling and mathematical correlation, regional science strengthens its essence as being
identical to reality, following social and political commitment, exploration of causality and defense of
efficiency.
This paper is an intellectual debate over the foundations, directions and priorities of regional science. It
discusses the formal structure of regional science including the type of analytic propositions and conceptual
primitives, which characterize its scientific structure. We turn our attention to the research areas that havebeen successfully explored, outlining the essential content and boundaries of the field; thereby, we
199

illustrate its relationship with the other neighboring disciplines in order to find out how the uniqueperception of the science transform it as an imperative for Spatial planning. We will highlight how regional
science may merge to EU spirit and will discern the europeanisation of regional science through regional
policy. In conclusion, we will try to conclude if the science of regions is feasible and probable or utopian as ascience of history.
See extended abstract online.

Optimal FDI Policy in the Economy with Infrastructure Goods
Prof. Yukio Karasawa-Ohtashiro1, Prof. Dapeng Cai1
1

Nanzan University, Nagoya, Japan

S42-S2 Causes and Effects of Regional Integration: Development of Local Economy via Mobility
IUT_Room 210, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Asylum Flows and European Integration: The socioeconomic challenge
Dr. Dimitrios Karkanis1, Dr. Evgenia Anastasiou1, Mrs. Konstantina Ragazou1, Prof. Marie Noëlle Duquenne1
1

University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

G17-O2 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The cohesion of the European Union has undeniably been challenged by the recent global financial crisis,
highlighting the slowing down of its integration model as well as the various dissensions between themember countries. At the same time, the EU is facing an additional challenge concerning the massive influxof migrants and more particularly refugees mainly due to the conflicts in the Middle East and Africa. This
relatively recent situation inevitably raises the question of their reception and integration in destination
countries. The proper understanding of the present diversification of refugee flows during the two last
decades – a kind of human flow that significantly differs from economic migration flows both in terms ofintensity and migratory route - could potentially contribute to develop more appropriate policies into thespatially changing European Union.
In this context, the objective of the present study is, through the implementation of an augmented gravity
model, to identify the spatial, sociopolitical and institutional factors lying behind the asylum flows inside theEU27 area during the 2000-2017 period. The data relative to the numbers of refugees and asylum seekers
by country of origin and destination are provided by the UNHCR. In comparison with other official sources
as Eurostat and Frontex, the UNHCR database is obviously the most detailed one, covering also a longer
period of time. This is fundamental in order to detect the main changes during the period 2000-2017 asregards not only the countries of origin and destination but also the migratory routes.
The empirical findings reveal the discouraging role of the economic crisis towards the asylum flows inside
the EU. However, the improving interconnectivity between the European countries, through the gradualintegration process, seems to positively contribute towards asylum assignment, demonstrating that the
migration process is reshaped by the contemporary spatialities. Once again, space is not neutral: landlocked
countries act as nodes to attract asylum flows, while island countries often serve as host poles for asylum
seekers due to a) their relative geographic proximity to the conflict zones of the Middle East or b) theireconomic development levels. Finally, the demographic factor remains crucial: the population of registeredrefugees among the EU countries acts as an “attraction mass”, in terms of natural sciences, of new asylum
200applications, showing that human flows moving away from conflict zones are generally directed to countries
where there exists a greater chance of asylum application approvals.

Municipalities amalgamation and the housing prices
Dr. Vífill Karlsson1, Professor Grétar Thór Eythórsson1
1

University of Akureyri, Borgarnes, Iceland

G09-O3 Regional Finance, Fiscal Issues, Investment or Capital Markets
IUT_Room 304, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper examines the change of local housing prices following municipal amalgamations. Interregionalmigrations are mostly triggered by differentials in household utilities and local economic conditions,
amenities and the like. Thus, it is reasonable to believe that if an amalgamation of municipalities that leads
to a better service or lower local taxes in a community would improve the economic and even social welfareof present inhabitants and possibly attract new ones - as suggested by Tiebout (1956). It would reflect in the
housing prices as suggested in the theory regarding the bid-rent curve, that are based on thory of vonThunen (1826). In this paper, I examine the municipalities amalgamations in Iceland and whether it
influences local house prices, in order to confirm their success. Due to consumer preference for access overamenity value, there is a spatial disparity of housing prices and it reflects the value of locations. The bid-rent
curve is a framework frequently used to capture this spatial structure of housing prices and local amenities
and other hard detacable values (Case & Mayer, 1996; Kiel & Zabel, 1996). The economic impact ofmunicipalities amalgamation has not been investigated, as in this paper. I will examine whether thisrelationship exists. A macro panel data from Iceland will be used. It represents several essential variables of
the house market for 79 municipalities in Iceland during the period from 1981 through 2006.

Quality of life and staying in farming and non-farming rural communities in Iceland
Dr. Vífill Karlsson1, Mr. Thoroddur Bjarnason1
1

University of Akureyri, Borgarnes, Iceland

G17-O3 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Number of children have been reduced fast (Vífill Karlsson, 2015) and young farmers been likely to abandon
farming than middle aged farmers (Vífill Karlsson, 2018). Employment share of agriculture in Iceland has
moved from 86% of the total employment in 1870 to 3% in 2017. Moreover, a recent development in
Icelandic farmers communities suggest that the less than 50% of the inhabitants work in the agriculture andin 2016 and 2017 they were close to 1/3. So, the number of inhabitants in the farmers communities thatwork in the agriculture have been decreasing relatively to the inhabitants working in other industries.
Therefore, the study will compare the preference regarding the factors of the quality of life between the
inhabitants of the farmers community that work in the agriculture and those who work in other industries.
The analysis will be based on a new survey where more than 6.000 respondents from many of Icelandic
rural regions of Iceland answered, where 1.200 lives in farmers communities and the rest in small urban
communities of Iceland. 40 factors regarding quality of life were investigated.

201

Territorial land use governance for conservation of aquatic biodiversity: emerging collective action infavor of an integrated land governance.
Ms Nathalie Bertrand1, Ms Grace Kassis1
1

National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), Grenoble, France

S23-S1 Territorial and place-based governance, (new) processes for local coordination
IUT_Room 303, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
See extended abstract online .

Measuring efficiency of Nepal’s dairy producing firms and its inter-regional gap
Prof. Mitsuhiko Kataoka1, Mr Ram Basnet2
1

Rikkyo University, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 2Financial Comptroller General Office, Kathmandu, Nepal

G08-O4 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The dairy sector in Nepal has a strong backward linkage in the rural household sector which improves theutilization of local resources and reduces the poverty. Given the vital economic role, the government of
Nepal has implemented several dairy development policies for decades. In 1969, it established the public
dairy enterprise to promote the industrial development in Nepal’s dairy sector and the dairy production
spread across the country. At present, many non-governmental firms operate dairy productions.
We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the relative efficiencies of Nepal’s dairy firms in theoperational performance by location, ownership, and size. We utilize the output-oriented DEA models that
employs multiple variables of inputs (physical assets, labour costs, and intermediate input values,) andoutputs (total sales and revenues) from National Census of Manufacturing Establishments 2011-2012.
Our preliminary study found that majority of the firms performs far below the efficient managerial
performance and operation scale. Classifying all firms by Urban-Rural location, the firms in Kathmandu
Valley (Urban) operate show the far higher operation efficiency than non- Kathmandu Valley (Rural). The
firms located along the border provinces with India also shows the relatively higher operation efficiency
than average.
The non-public firms operate more efficiently in managerial performance than the public firms, on average.
All public (non-public) firms operate more efficiently by decreasing (increasing) the operation size.
Moreover, our inequality decomposition analysis showed that the interfirm inequality in overall technicalefficiency is influenced more by the managerial factors than the scale factors. The promotion of thetechnical and managerial assistance can be a major policy directions to reduce the interfirm inefficiency gap
in operation.

The impact of robots on employment– evidence from seven European countries during 1993-2015
Dr. Merja Kauhanen1
1

Labour Institute For Economic Research, Helsinki, Finland

G05-O2 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Rapid technological change including robotisation, digitalization and artificial intelligence is transforming
labour markets and the structure of employment. As regards labour markets this development has also
raised concern about its impact on employment and technological unemployment. The estimates given by202

different experts and evaluations differ as to how many jobs are threatened by this development in the
future (see Brynjolfson and Mcafee 2014; Frey and Osborne 2013 & 2016; Autor 2015). There is relatively
much earlier research on the impact of ICT on employment and its structure, but still much less research on
the impact of robots on employment.
The aim of this paper is to provide new empirical evidence on the impact of an increased robot usage on
employment in seven European countries between 1993-2015 and thus contribute to the developing
literature on the labour market impacts of robotisation.
The analysis utilises robot data on industrial robots (and later on data on service robots) combined with
employment and other relevant data from EUKLEMS. The seven European countries that are (so far) used in
the analysis are Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, Finland and Sweden. These are countries for which thereis data available for all the years between 1993-2015. We analyse the employment effects of robotisation
for the whole period but also separately for the subperiods 1993-2007 and 2008-2015 of which the latteralso includes the financial crisis years of 2008-2009 and the recovery period after that. We utilise OLS and IV
regressions in the empirical analyses.
The preliminary results suggest that there is a negative impact of industrial robots on hours during theperiod 1993-2015 for the seven countries used in the estimation when controlling for the country fixed
effects and initial wages and capital-labour ratio. The impact is negative and statistically significant but verysmall. The corresponding OLS estimates by the skill level suggest that the impact of increased robotisation
has a statistically significant negative impact only for the low-skilled workers' working hours.

New model of smart entrepreneurship for Russian Resource Region
Ms Elena Goosen1, Mr Sergey Nikitenko1, Ms Olga Kavkaeva1
1Federal Research Centre of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, 2Kemerovo State University,
Kemerovo, Russian Federation

G07-O2 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Extraction and processing of natural resources is a sphere where the violation of the natural environment ismost active. The greatest burden is experienced by the so-called resource territories and regions in whichlarge extraterritorial mining companies operate. They negatively affect the natural environment, form adestructive and unstable trajectory of development. This negative trend is particularly bright in emerging
markets, including Russia. The way out of this state is associated with the transition of resource regions tothe circular economy. The key actor of this model should be special Entrepreneur-Gatherer, based on supply
chains of a new type. An important element of such circular economy is an active, mutually beneficial
partnership between science, business and the state. Today there are no such ready-made entrepreneurs in
the Russian resource regions, but there are little sprouts of the circular economy, in the field of industrial
waste processing.
The purpose of this report is to show the problems and prospects for introducing the principles andelements of the circular economy in Russia. The research is based on the concepts of Triple Helix. Siberian
acted as an object of analysis.
The report shows the features of replication of resource regions, describes a special Entrepreneur-Gatherer
model, shows its functions and possible forms. The example of four cases involving large, medium and small
companies, as well as research organizations and representatives of regional and local authorities describes
the achievements and barriers to its implementation in practice. In each of the cases a description of the203project is given, strengths and weaknesses are shown. Particular attention is paid to the stages of theformation of new branched supply chains, the analysis of their influence on the formation of industries
processing of waste from enterprises of various industries, and the creation of a network of local small
industries. The real and potential abilities of large companies, small companies, special engineering firms
and special regional and local authorities to act as project coordinators are assessed. A reasonableconclusion is drawn that small engineering business companies are the most successful in coping with thetasks of implementing such projects.
The report was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation the project № 16-1810182, Federal Target Program № 14.604.21.0173.

New forms of management of the city and its infrastructure: an opportunity for territorial development?
Prof. Leila Kebir1, Prof Olivier Crevoisier2, Prof Youssef Diab3, Dr Morgane Colombert3, Dr Frédéric Wallet4
1

GSE/IGD/University of Lausanne, Sion 4, Switzerland, 2University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, CH, 3EIVP/Lab'Urba, University
Paris-Est, Paris, FR, 4INRA/SADAPT, University Paris Saclay, Paris, FR

S20-S1 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Many practices and approaches question traditional forms of territorial organization carried by public actors(public authorities) and / or private (companies). Private public governance, territorial common goods,
collaborative economy, complex projects, decentralized management are now part of the territorial factory.
They appear as devices allowing the development (of public spaces), the construction of infrastructures or
equipments (large multifunctional projects, developments of districts), the development of services to the
population (accommodation, transport of persons ), the organization of urban services (energy supply,
logistics, even food / clothing, ...) and the management of common resources (biodiversity, shared gardens,
big data).
It is therefore important to understand the ins and outs of these mechanisms, which bring together in a newway public and private actors as well as civil society, users, inhabitants, etc. and to grasp the issues theyraise about their ability to promote development the resources and structures needed to deploy sustainable
territories. In technical terms they crystallize the complexification of urban engineering. From thesegmented approach by networks (water and waste, roads, energy, communication, etc.) to the crosscutting needs of sustainable city issues (climate change, resilience, integrated design at neighbourhood
level, etc.) come into play new actors who are structured around more or less institutionalized hybrid formsof coordination (mixed companies, public / private partnerships, ad hoc collectives, associative networks,
users / inhabitants, etc.).
Through examples of practices observed in the context of research projects (urban communes anddevelopment projects), this article aims to identify the challenges posed by these new forms of urban andterritorial management from the point of view of territorial development (urban rent, resource
development, clubbing risk, etc.).
** This article is part of the projet BENEFIT – PHC Germaine de Stael

204

An assessment of the relationships between R&D, eco-innovation and productivity: Evidence from French
firms
Ms Malia Kedjar1
1

Univerité De Caen, CREM, Caen, France

S61-S1 Energy Transition and Eco Innovation
MILC_Room 409, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Since the 1990s, environmental issues have become a major concern for policy makers. To tackle climatechange, the development of new technologies compatible with sustainability issues must play a key role. A
specific feature of environmental innovation is that, in addition to generating knowledge spillover, it also
generates environmental spillover. Rennings (2000) called this specificity of eco-innovation “the double
externality problem” and pointed out that this problem diminishes the incentives of firms to innovate. The
purpose of this article is to explore both determinants and productivity effects of environmental innovation
using an extended CDM model (Crépon, Duguet and Mairesse, 1998). First, we distinguish two types of R&D:
environmental and non-environmental. Second, we introduce environmental regulation variables at thefirm level as drivers of environmental innovation. Combining both of patents data extracted from REGPAT
and HAN OECD databases with financial firm data collected from DIANE database and the firm research anddevelopment (R&D) survey, the empirical analysis is carried out for an unbalanced panel of French firms
over the period 2003–2015. Preliminary result show that private economic returns in terms of productivity
are lower for environmental innovation than for non-environmental innovation. This validates the
hypothesis according to which market incentives alone are not sufficient to allow the environmental
innovation of firms to increase considerably. More efforts in terms of green promotion and environmental
regulation are important for the flourishing of such innovations.

(When) Does migration of displaced workers pay off?
Ms Orsa Kekezi1, Mr Ron Boschma2,3
1

Jönköping International Business School, Jonkoping, Sweden, 2Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands , 3Stavanger
University, Stavanger, Norway

G15–YS1 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 108, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
One of the empirical regularities in the literature is that displaced workers experience permanent drops inearnings. Loss of specific human capital is often identified as a mechanism to why this is the case. The
purpose of this paper is to identify whether the variation in the career paths of displaced workers throughchanges in location, industry, or occupation, affects their future earnings. Using a multinomial endogenous
treatment model to control for the selection bias in migration and industry/occupation change, we compare
displaced stayers with displaced movers. Preliminary results show that the only cases when movers are
better off than stayers is when they get a job in a related industry and occupation or if their new
employment is in a related industry but not occupation, suggesting that migration could be a reaction tomismatches in the labor market.

205

Policy discussions over the roles of local actors for developing creative economy in small Turkish cities
Dr. Ebru Kerimoglu11Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

G06-O7 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Creativity and economic development have become key features of urban politics and creative industries
and creativity-based business models have a great potential in building the new economic landscape. This
assumption is promoting a re-view of local development strategies in cities (Rivas, 2011). Policy-making in
relation to the creative economy is not confined to a single ministry or government department; rather, butinvolves a number of different policy fields. Within a forward-looking perspective, the ways to manage cities
a multiplicity of involvement across the public sector, the corporate sector, the non-profit sector and civilsociety for attracting jobs and designing economic activities. This raises questions about the appropriate
capacities lies in the ‘local’. A better understanding of the local dynamics needs an improved understandingof local policy-making culture and organizations within cities for sustainable economic growth and aforward-looking vision on urban development reinforcing hubs of creativity and centers of job creation.
Understanding the local dynamics is not only a gap in social science knowledge and academic word, but alsoa political limitation and implementation. The latest trend of cities as an entrepreneurs/hubs of creativity
and innovation opens a window of opportunity for many well-positioned small and medium-sized cities(Rivas, 2011; URBACT, 2010). Considering real ground dynamics should be involved in the complete processfrom policy to implementation for the development of creativity in cities, emphasis will be more desirable inurban development. From this perspective, the main objective of the study is to gain a better understandingof the importance of local policies over the roles of local actors for developing creativity by discussing on
small cities, named Ayvalik, Bodrum, Urla with differentiated local dynamics from Turkey. This paper isaiming to make contribution to understand importance of local capacities and awareness and local-based
policies in particular small cities both in theoretical and practice. These cases, as an opportunity to enlarge
the research across Turkey, to improve knowledge and awareness to all relevant actors is important forgiving results, which are expected to lead for future policies of the creative cities, practitioners and policy
makers in particular local governments. By aiming to contribute policy debates and practices, this paper will
make contribution to social capital and local capacities in literature both in theoretical and practice.

What is the role of ‘Creative City’ networks in developing local creative industries? Some illustrative
networks from UK as cases
Dr. Ebru Kerimoglu11Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, TURKEY

G04-O10 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The effects of various dynamics within different kinds of ‘locality’, and the implications for the practice ofthem, are not so well understood in particular for urban development policies. Considering real ground
dynamics should be involved in the complete process from policy to implementation for the development ofcreativity in cities, emphasis will be more desirable in urban development. From this perspective, the main
objective of the research is to gain a better understanding of the role of local dynamics with respect to citybased networks as one of the key enablers of the creative industries. Networks are creating theopportunities for knowledge sharing, peer learning and support and collaboration. At the city level, impacts
and benefits are far harder to evidence. By this research, it is aiming to fill this gap and expose someevidence. Additionally, there is an important role for the public sector in supporting the development of206networks’ organizational and financial capacity. The research seeks the views of network founders andpolicy-makers by clarifying strength and weakness of related current policies, considering future policies,
and promoting collaborations by business and governance models both with in operational and financial
dimensions. Accordingly, a series of interviews with founders of creative city network and local and regional
government are conducted. It utilizes relevant scientific researches and policy documents and reports,
industry reports and facts and figures to explore the role of local dynamics in particular city networks andpolicies, on the development of creative economy for Cardiff, Wales, and Dundee, Scotland. In order toexplore local varieties, more comparative studies between different locations should be carried out (Gongand Hassink, 2016). There is a lack of literature reflecting on what insights have been achieved so far on thebasis of empirical research and what requires much more work in analyzing the drivers of the creative
industries (Gong and Hassink, 2016), it is important by aiming fill this gap too.

Development of Russian IT sector: state, problems and opportunities
Dr. Sophia Khalimova1
1

Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 2Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering,
Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

G07-O5 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Information technologies are extremely vital for modern economy; they are in the core of the sixth wave ofinnovations. None of the other high tech sectors has such an impact on all the spheres of economic activity.
In this paper, we discuss the development of Russian IT sector.
One of the characteristics of Russian economy is high dependence on governmental economic discussions
and the directions of governmental economic policy. The creation of digital economy is widely argued in
Russia lately. Even though the meaning of the term “digital economy” concerning Russian case is disputed alot, and even though state programs and documents leave much to be desired and a lot of work still needs
to be done, including these questions in modern economic agenda means new opportunities for Russian IT
companies. In this paper, we try to estimate whether IT companies can successfully accept this challenge
today and what should be their role in digital economy.
Although information technologies are one of the leading sector in high tech business in the world
economy, only 12% of Russian high tech companies work in IT sector. Nevertheless, there are a number ofsuccess stories of Russian IT companies, which are leaders in their niches and recognized worldwide. Using
company data (obtained from SPARK database) we analyze regional differences in IT sector development. In
terms of representation of various territories and inclusiveness of various regions in the sector
development, it is shown that gap between regions is extremely wide, with Moscow being absolute leader.
We also assess factors influencing the growth of IT companies in Russia; we include in the analysis bothcompanies’ characteristics and indicators of the regional environment. Another question is to reveal
barriers for the development of IT companies. Data on national level show that employment in IT sector isdecreasing which indicates serious problems. In this regard turning to the company level is necessary tounderstand the nature of these problems.
Our dataset is micro level data and covers 2013-2016 time period, which allows us to use econometricanalysis (including correlation analysis, regression analysis and panel data analysis) to confirm andsubstantiate our conclusions.

207

Efficiency of PES on preservation of farmland in the age of Climate Change – Case study of Japan
Ms Mika Wakamatsu1, Professor Brian H.S. Kim2
1

Program in Regional Information, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Seoul National
University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea, 2Program in Regional Information, Department ofAgricultural Economics and Rural Development, Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Research Institute ofAgriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea

G23-O2 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) is the payment for externality of ecosystems including farmland andpreservation activity that has characteristics of public goods. One of the most important functions offarmland is prevention of flooding by the land holding appropriate water supply. However, farmland
abandonment is accelerating and damage of flooding is getting serious especially in most of rural areas inJapan. These areas also are experiencing rapid aging and depopulation along with more visible effect fromrecent climate change. The experience with PES in Japan is not mature enough compare to US and EU
countries, however the Japanese government provides various types of subsidies such as direct payment forthe prevention of farmland abandonment and for the activities of preservation of community land in ruralarea. Consideration of the efficiency of the payment is crucial to sustain preservative activities and to havelong-term effects. Theoretical framework of this study is based on PES and its efficiency on preventing
farmland abandonment. With the limited study on the efficiency of such payment in Japan, we aim toclarify the efficiency of related subsidy and also estimate the damage cost of flooding based on RCP8.5
scenario to predict the necessity of farmland preservation in the future. In addition, we investigate thefactors of efficient subsidy use through analysis so that we could indicate effective use of PES to othercountries where they may face the similar problems in near future due to depopulation in rural areas. We
collected the data on flooding damage cost at the municipality level to determine the efficiency of payment
for avoiding farmland abandonment. Panel data analysis on rate of farmland abandonment, rate offarmland rent, rate of farmland borrow and rate of contract farming as an indicator of result of farmland
conservation were conducted to estimate their relation with flooding damage cost. Moreover, the effectsof the precipitation, characteristics of local communities and the land ownership on the flooding damage
cost were analyzed. The findings from this study provide policy implications to be considered for theconservation of farmland by means of PES in the rural areas.

Spatial Economic Linkages of Economic Growth with Air Pollution: Developing a PM2.5-Multinational CGE
Model of China, Japan and Korea
Prof Euijune Kim1, Dr. Seung-Woon Moon1, Prof. Shigemi Kagawa2
1

Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, 2Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

G14-O3 Energy and Ecological Transition
MILC_Room 410, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper identifies influences of national economic growth on emissions, trades and social costs of threenations of China, Japan and South Korea in Northeast Asian nations, developing a PM2.5-Multinational
Computable General Equilibrium (PMCGE) model. The production of air pollutants are analyzed in terms of
production-based emission by producers in supply process and consumption-based emission by consumers
in demand process. The PMCGE model integrates a module of emission of PM2.5 and premature mortality
with the economic equilibrium approach in a consolidated structure. The economy-wide effects on theemission could be quantified into changes in premature mortality and Value of a Statistical Life. The paper
shows that Chinese economic growth by 1% could have the largest impacts of the GDP on the production
208and consumption based emissions by 0.996% and 1.002% respectively. The lowest one would be Japanese
economy to achieve 0.771% of elasticity of the GDP with respect to production-based emission and 0.763%
of that with respect to consumption-based emission. In addition, the industrial structure of Japan would be
relatively effective to mitigate air pollution in three nations under the economic growth path: 1% of the GDP
growth rate would result in negative change in the premature mortality and reduction in the emissions
embodied in trade by 0.058% in spite of increasing the total trading volumes by 0.138%. This approach canprovide public agents and stockholders with strategic insights into the efficiency, effectiveness and priorityof the air pollution policies, contributing to establishing a cooperative framework with numerical targets ofemission reductions and to developing a comprehensive policy package to address the various concerns andenvironmental costs shared by three nations.

Spatial Characteristics of the Impact Zone on the Accessibility of Mass Transit in Korea (for Gwangju
Metropolitan City, Korea)
Mr Hyeongmin Kim1, Mr Jongho Choi2
1

Gwangju Metropolitan Transit Corporation, Gwangju Metro, South Korea, 2Jeonnam Provincial Office, Gwangju Metro,
South Korea

G16-O3 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Most cities are pursuing a variety of policies to better support urban life. In a typical urban city, traffic
remains to be one of the biggest contributing factors stifling modern living, as congestion poses a hugeproblem for accessibility. Public transportation plays a big role in suppressing traffic congestion and more
importantly, air pollution. Alternative modes of transportation such as railways also play a role in creating
more efficient flows of movement within urban cities.
In six of the largest cities in Korea, urban railways are already operating. In order to make better
connections between these major cities, city buses and city railway companies are adopting a policy to
reduce the cost of transit by introducing a transfer system. Gwangju Metropolitan City is a local city with
1.48million residents and has operated the Urban Railway Line 1 since 2008. In addition, a second line will
be constructed and will be operational starting 2023. This study will investigate how accessibility to urban
railways can be improved to better manage traffic congestion and create better flows of transportation
between cities overall.
The time range of this study is from 2012 to 2018, which is the period of securing the number of passengers
by city railway stations. The spatial range is 20 urban railway stations in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The
content area is a spatial characteristic that affects the traffic occurrence of the users approaching the urban
railway stations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial characteristics of the transit area and thechanges in the number of subway stations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial
characteristics that affect the accessibility of urban railway stations through research and to draw
implications for the decision of location of additional routes.

A Study on the Appropriateness of a Management Evaluation Indicator System for Urban Railway
Operators
Mr Seonggeun Kim1
1

Korea Economic Research Institute, Gwangju Metro, South Korea

G16-O1 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
209A purpose of a management evaluation of the operating organization of an urban railway is to achieve theorganization 's goal and improve the performance. Urban railways are operated to facilitate communicationof urban traffic. An urban railway is operated by an entity which has obtained a license for the urban railway
operation business based on relevant laws. The Urban Railway Corporation, established by the local
government, operates an urban railway to promote local autonomy and improve residents' welfare.
Feasibility assessments are introduced and carried out at the planning stage of an urban railway project. At
the operational stage, performance is evaluated through management evaluation. However, themanagement evaluation of the Urban Railway Corporation lacks the adequacy of the indicator system.
Specifically, improvement of the indicator system in the public aspect is required.
The purpose of this study is to understand the management evaluation index of the Urban Railway
Corporation and evaluate the appropriateness of it. The main contents of the study are introduction,
theoretical review, and the adequacy analysis of evaluation index. The application of an improved
management evaluation index system will have the effect of improving the passengers' convenience andincreasing the utilization rate.

Research on the factors, Priority Determination of urban regeneration in local small and medium cities,
drawn by the place memory
Prof. Yeong Kim1, Mr Soyeong Lee2
1

Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, South Korea, 2Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, South Korea

G04-O5 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
It is true that many local small and medium cities in Korea have lost their vitality due to the progress of
aging, economic decline in urban areas, the lack of new growth engines, and the declining population. Also,
the memories of the locals living there and the place engraved on it are in danger of disappearing quickly for
any reason. Despite such situation, the profitability is not likely to be secured, considering the urban
regeneration projects in Korea that have been carried out by the privately-led economy. Under therecognition of such problems, individual self-governing have made efforts to preserve the city by seeking
meaning and value of urban regeneration under the name of reviving our neighborhood or village creation
projects, etc. in order to revitalize local small and medium cities. Nevertheless, such projects still isolate the‘local residents,’ leading us to wonder ‘for what and for whom’ the projects exist.
Thus, urban regeneration projects in small and medium cities should focus not on the improvement in thephysical environment but on the areas’ ‘local residents’ and ‘their projects.’ However, Korea’s urban
regeneration projects has often been result-oriented so it is also likely to happen when producing projects
on areas with local small and medium cities. Solving these problems first requires us to reflect on the
direction of detailed projects plan more seriously.
To select the contents to be utilized in urban regeneration, it is judged that gathering opinions of local
residents is more important than any other thing. To solve this problem, the meaning and value of place
memory obtained through the survey of local residents were considered in the humanities. In addition, it
sought to find elements that could remind the place memory of Sun-Cheon City, and to explore thepossibility of a plan to utilize Sun-Cheon City's sustainable urban regeneration and place memory as adetailed projects plan.
The purpose of this study is to find and study the active elements of the residents' locality in cultural urban
regeneration projects, to examine the traditional parts that the space site should inherit and the areas thatshould evolve in the future, and to derive the relationship between elements that should be a researchbackground in the regeneration into new urban spaces. Accordingly, this study intends to present positive
outcome for the purpose of the revitalization of local small and medium cities.
210

Studying on Economic Recovery after Natural Disasters : Applying a Regional Input-Output Model
Dr. Yongjoon Kim1, Dr. Donghwan An2
1

Seoul National University Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea, 2Seoul National
University, Seoul, South Korea

G24-O5 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The breakdown of one sector triggered by natural disaster will produce a negative influence on the total
economic system through inter-industry relationships (Miller and Blair, 2009). This highlights theimportance of evaluating inter-industry effects under natural disaster events, however, unlike the otherclimate change induced effects, the inter-industry effects were rarely considered in climate change
framework. In particular, extreme flood event could jeopardizes regional infrastructure facilities, this causes
indirect economic cost within the flood occurrence region and neighboring regions which has strong interindustry relationship. Along with inter-industry aspects, investigating climate change at the regional level isrequired given that climate change shows regional heterogeneity effects and economic resilience isdifferent across regions. If we assume the necessity of climate change adaptation reaches an agreement,
uncertainty and inter-industry effects of climate change need to be considered at the regional level inestablishing adaptation measures for natural disaster.
Being consistent with this argument, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the economic recovery ofnatural disaster at regional level in Korea. Predicting the recovery pathway and time of an economy after
disaster (e.g., flood) can be viewed as valuable information in establishing disaster related adaptation
policies.
This paper utilizes a regional input-output analysis model to quantify the indirect economic impact ofnatural disaster under imbalances of post-catastrophe economies (Steenge et al., 2007; Hallegatte, 2008;2014, Koks et al., 2015; Shibusawa et al., 2018). In this paper, the regional input-output table of the year
2013 is used (the bank of Korea). This regional input-output table includes 16 regions of Korea, and thistable divided industries into 161 sub industries. In particular, economic recovery time and path were
evaluated associated with bottleneck effect, this sheds some light on the dependence of inter-industry
effects across regions. Along with above statement, the dynamic aspects of economic recovery appears tobe empirical contribution of this paper, since estimated inter or intra-trade effects are different acrossbottleneck simulation scenario and recovery time.
In the estimation results, we found the difference of economic recovery across region, and the differencedramatically increase when bottleneck effects pass certain threshold level. Regional estimates indicate thatthe coastal regions show severe intra-trade damage due to high probability of natural disasters. However,
the inter-trade damage estimates in inland area are higher than coastal area reflecting inland area is a
center of logistic distribution.

A Study on the Connection Network Characteristics and Activation Plan of Social Economic Organization
Ecosystem : Focusing on Gwangju City
Mr Youngsub Kim1
1

Chunnam University, Kwangju, South Korea

G06-O1 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM

211

The social economic organization can define the concept of a voluntary group or organization that isorganized as a means to pursue public interest and creating profit for the enterprises at the same time andto realize social purpose through solving various problems in the community.
The Korean social and economic organization has been rapidly quantitative growing since the enactment of
the "Social Enterprise Promotion Act" in 2007. Typical forms include social enterprises, cooperatives, village
enterprises, and self-help companies. As of the end of December 2018, 19,536 social economic
organizations are operating nationwide.
The government established the Korea Social Enterprise Agency in 2011 as an intermediate support
organization to support social economic organizations and designated various forms of intermediate
support organizations for each region.
Although network formation between social economic organization and intermediary support organizationis very important factor for growth of social economic organization, but, network analysis through industrial
classification is hard to find.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the connection network activities with the intermediate support
organization and to search the direction of the social economic ecosystem in Gwangju Metropolitan City bydifferentiating the industrial classification into the social service part and the other part. Based on theories
and previous studies on network activities, research hypotheses and models are set up throughquestionnaires.
First, the analysis direction is to dynamically analyze the interconnection network activity of ecosystem ofsocial economy organization. Second, it seeks to grasp the characteristics of exchanges such as voluntarycooperation with social economic organization and intermediary support organization that are
differentiated by industrial classification.
Through this study, we analyze the connection network of social economic organization ecosystem in
Gwangju Metropolitan City, and propose a way for intermediate support organization to contribute to theactivation of social economic organization.

Determinant Factors of On-farm Processing in Japanese Farm Business: Focusing on Regional Differencesin Natural and Socioeconomic Conditions and EntrepreneurshipProf. Akira Kiminami1, Prof. Lily Kiminami2, Dr. Shinichi Furuzawa2
1

The University Of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2Niigata University, Niigata, Japan

G23-O2 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Among the diversification of farm business, on-farm processing (OFP) is expected not only to improve theprofitability of farm business through the production of high value-added products but also to create
employment in the rural area and to revitalize the rural economy. However, in recent years in Japan, thenumber of farm business engaged in OFP is decreasing. Meanwhile, it is believed that besides ofentrepreneurship in the rural sector there are many factors affecting the diversification of farm businesssuch as local natural conditions, socioeconomic conditions, etc., although it has generally been caught as
one of the consequences caused by entrepreneurship in previous studies. Therefore, it can be consideredthat the ratio of farm business engaged in on-farm processing (ROFP) depends not only on the size,
products, entrepreneurship but also on regional factors. In other words, the level of ROFP in the region canbe generally explained by the natural and socioeconomic conditions including the agricultural structure of
the region, and the residues of the region's ROFP can be regarded as a level of entrepreneurship.
The purpose of this study is to clarify the determinant factors of on-farm processing in Japanese farmbusiness and estimate the level of entrepreneurship in the region. The main data used for analysis ismunicipal panel data on Japanese agricultural censuses and related socioeconomic statistics in 2010 and212

2015. Based on the results of the analysis, we derive policy implications that contribute to promoting farmbusiness and the rural economy.

Impacts of Multi-functionality of Urban Agriculture on the Creative Classes in Japan: Focusing on Niigata
City
Prof. Lily Kiminami1, Dr. Shinichi Furuzawa1, Prof. Akira Kiminami2
1

Niigata University, Niigata , Japan, 2The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

G04-O10 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Although, most of people agree that a sustainable city should meet the needs of the present without
sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, there remains no completely agreed
upon definition for what a sustainable city should be or completely agreed upon paradigm for what
components should be included. Furthermore, it is thought to be important to form a community thatpeople can enjoy the various functions produced by urban agriculture and people called creative classes(CCs) especially those who are thinking creatively (TC) with high productivity are attracted in such highamenity areas that can bring a further development for the city.
The purpose of this paper is to build a model of sustainable development of city focusing on the impacts ofmulti-functionality of urban agriculture (MFUA) on the creative classes (CCs) through examining Niigata Cityin Japan. Multi-method approach will be introduced in the research for verifying our three hypotheses.
These are “The CCs prefer multi-functionality of agriculture (MFA) than non-CCs as well as the TC more than
non-TC”(H1), “The CCs have a high level of social capital”(H2) and “The CCs prefer diversified lifestyles” (H3).
Specifically, econometrics analysis by using published statistical data, structural equation modeling (SEM) byusing authors’ original questionnaire survey data targeting at the residents, and case studies from the goodpractices improving the amenity of urban agriculture in Niigata City will be undertaken for hypothesis
verification.
Based on the results of analysis, the conditions for urban creativity and sustainable development throughimproving the amenity of urban agriculture will be clarified and the challenges for social implementation
will be derived as well.

Organisational strategies for Data-driven Innovation: Mapping the university knowledge production andhybrid knowledge spaces in the City Region Deal
Dr. Marion Maisonobe3, Dr. Fumi Kitagawa1, Dr. Niki Vermeulen2
1

University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 3CNRS, UMR
Géographie-cités, Paris, France

S17-S2 Geography of science and the spatial dimension of scientific activity
IUT_Room 201, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Our study aims to broaden theoretical horizons by bringing together two broad streams of literature: thegovernance of city regions, and organisational studies of higher education institutions (HEIs). In particular,
we introduce the concept of “hybrid spaces” where different institutional logics coexist and interact.
Empirically, we present the case of a City Region Deal in Scotland, more specifically, the Edinburgh andSouth East Scotland City Region Deal (ESES-CRD). Our focus is on the Data Driven Innovation (DDI)
Programme, which is part of the City Region Deal aiming to “help establish the region as the data capital of
Europe”, by drawing in inward investment, fuelling entrepreneurship and delivering inclusive economic
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growth. It attempts to realise its goals by helping organisations and individuals to connect to research anddevelopment in the generation, storage, analysis and use of various forms of data. In addition, theprogramme aims to improve digital skills through working with schools, further and higher education,
employers, and training providers, and to stimulate entrepreneurship.
In this paper, we ask the following key questions:•
How can we understand the influence of the City Deal’s focus on data-driven innovation on the
profile of the University of Edinburgh?
•
How does the university position itself in the evolving local institutional constellations of a City
Region Deal?
•
How is inter-sectoral and inter-organisational collaboration encouraged and orchestrated, andinhibited in the context of the University of Edinburgh and the City Region Deal?

Difference in Productivity between Water-Sewerage Integrated Systems and Separated Systems: Evidence
from Japan
Dr. Tomohiro Kitamura1
1

Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

G06-O4 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Water and sewerage industries are operated by local public companies in Japan. There are companies that
operate water only, sewerage only, and both water and sewerage. In Japan, it is said that water-operatecompanies and sewerage-operate companies will face more difficult financial situations stemming fromreduction in population and increase in cost of aged facilities’ renewal. To improve their operationalsituation, government has promoted vertical integration of water and sewerage systems. The vertical
integration means that one local public company operates both water and sewerage systems. In 2016, morethan 70% of the companies operate both water and sewerage. If we reveal that operating water andsewerage systems jointly improves the companies’ performance, we can give a policy implication ofpromoting integration of water and sewerage systems.
This study empirically examines whether the productivity of water-sewerage integrated systems is higher
than that of separated systems. We compute labor productivity and total factor productivity (TFP) of thecompanies by adopting the cross-sectional data of Japanese water-operate and sewerage-operatecompanies in 2016. Then we examine whether there is the difference in the productivity between watersewerage integrated systems and separated systems.
The empirical results show that the productivity of water-sewerage integrated systems is not significantly
higher than that of separated systems. This indicates that increasing the productivity of companies byintegration of water and sewerage may be difficult. Hence, other ways such as consolidation of facilities
should be promoted to improve performance of water and sewerage companies under the difficult financial
situations.

214

Mediating distributive politics: political alignment and electoral business cycle effects on municipality
financing in Greece.
Dr. Tasos Kitsos1, Dr. Antonios Proestakis2
1City-REDI, University Of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 2European Commission, Joint Research Centre,
Brussels, Belgium

S22-S1 The politics of local and regional development
IUT_Room 303, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Electoral politics and clientelism are not new notions. Yet, the, often suspected, pork barrelling activity has
been difficult to identify until recently. A relatively recent trend involves studies utilising publicly available
data on resource allocation and electoral results and being able to econometrically derive evidence ofclientelistic relationships between the national government and voters. However, distributive politics areoften mediated by factors such as multi-level governance systems and the political business cycle. These
mediators have only recently being explored in the literature.
This paper examines the role of political partisanship and the electoral cycle in the allocation of funding
from the central to local government in Greece between 2003 and 2010. A panel dataset that combines
data from the Greek local and national elections and municipalities’ budgets for the period 2003-2010 isused to test whether the political alignment between local and national government as well as the stage ofthe political business cycle impact on municipality financing.
The findings suggest that aligned municipalities receive more grants in the run-up to national elections. Thisis evidence of pork barrelling, stronger vertical network dependency and the political business cycle
considerations in the allocation of resources. The results call for greater fiscal decentralisation in order toreduce the dependency and eradicate the use of intergovernmental transfers for political gain.

Balance of Financial Flows between the Center and Regions in Russia: Alternative Estimations
Mr Vladimir Klimanov1
1

Institute for Public Finance Reform, Moscow, Russian Federation, 2RANEPA, Moscow, Russian Federation

G06-O1 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The method of calculating the balance of financial flows between the Federal and regional budgets shouldbe the basis of the system of Federal monitoring, analysis and forecasting of the situation in regions.
The balance of financial flows by region is characterized by some indicators, e.g. the ratio of revenues
collected in a region for Federal budget, on the one hand, and Federal budget expenditures, including
grants, in the territory of this region, on the other hand. In accordance with Russia’s budget legislation, theregions which receive unmatched grants are named as donors. Last five years, not more than 15 Russia’s
regions were among those who did not receive such grants. At the same time, according to the dataobtained in the study, the number of regions by the percentage of return on the balance of financial flows,
as well as according to the balance of financial flows, considering the direct expenses of the Federal budget,
reached 20 or even more.
In addition to direct spending, the Federal budget provides regions with grants. In 2016, their share in the
total amount of Federal expenditures by territories ranged from 6 per cent in Moscow to 57 per cent in the
Republics of Altai and Dagestan. The percentage of return on the balance sheet of financial flows was 77 percent on average and ranged from 3 per cent in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Region to about 5,000 per
cent in the Republic of Ingushetia.
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The informal rules in the decision-making regarding the regulation of financial flows from the Federal
budget to the regional ones indicates the need for further improvement of intergovernmental relations in
Russia. In this regard, the described method of calculating the total balance of financial flows for eachregion can become the basis for making certain individual decisions in relation to a region when providing,for example, targeted subsidies. Such measures will become one of the tools for the introduction of newprinciples of a differentiated approach in the regulation of regional development.

Regional Resilience: the case of Russia
Mr Vladimir Klimanov1, Mrs Anna Mikhaylova1
1

Institute for Public Finance Reform, Moscow, Russian Federation, 2RANEPA, Moscow, Russian Federation

S40-S3 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In this research supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 18-010-00771), we
determined the nature and degree of resilience for different types of Russia’s regions to the impact ofgeopolitical, economic, social, technological, and other internal and external factors in the face of global
challenges. Based on the analysis of panel data for 75 regions from 2007 to 2016, there are significant
differences in the dynamics of indicators. In general, the degree of exposure to the negative effects of crises
is higher in non-resilient regions than in resilient ones.
To conduct the study, a database was compiled of 17 indicators reflecting the complex socio-economic
development of Russia’s regions. Part of the indicators was selected based on the concept of the ResilienceIndex (Resilience Capacity Index) developed by K. Foster (2007) and adapted to many studies of regional
resilience (Pendall et al., 2008; Simmie, Martin, 2010; Szitasiova et al., 2018). In addition, such indicators as
entrepreneurial activity and unemployment rate (Boschma, 2015), innovative activity of organizations (Clark
et al., 2010) and others are analyzed.
In general, the results of a number of foreign studies also link the stability of the regions with their ability toadapt and withstand crises. For example, such conclusions were obtained using a similar methodology instudying the resilience of Slovakia’s regions, which, despite a small number, are characterized by a rather
high degree of socio-economic differentiation (Szitasiova et al., 2018).
In further studies of the sustainability and resilience of Russia’s regions, a more global adaptation of theexisting Western methodologies and the development of a new methodology that would fully take into
account the much higher interregional socio-economic differentiation than in developed countries and use
the cost ratios in various fields of activity.

Green Infrastructure and Ecological Framework in the Largest Cities in Russia
Ms Oxana Klimanova1, Mr Evgeny Kobowsky1, Mrs Olga Illarionova1
1

Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, Moscow, Russian Federation

G14-O1 Energy and Ecological Transition
MILC_Room 410, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
General planning as a procedure designed to ensure the development of promising areas for thedevelopment of agglomerations, including in terms of a comfortable urban environment needs significant
methodological updating. We studied green infrastructure of the 15 largest cities of Russia. General featuresof the ecological framework are analyzed on the base of statistical and remote sensing data, the main
problems of its territorial planning are identified and possible mechanisms for their solution are proposed.
The key indicators of the structure evaluation of the framework are proposed and calculated, the protection
216status of its elements is estimated, based on which the cities with unfavorable conditions for its
preservation are identified.
In the largest cities, the share of a tree cover from the city square fluctuates from 16 per cent in Volgograd
to 61 per cent in Perm. Less than 1 per cent of the area of a tree cover is protected in Omsk, Yekaterinburg
and Krasnoyarsk. The mapping models of framework for each of the cities are presented and three typicalconfigurations are identified. The obtained results are compared with various international and domestic
regulatory indicators of greening, which leads to the conclusion about the individual features of thestructure of the ecological framework of each city.
The current configuration of the ecological framework as a set of undeveloped and unsealed green areas
providing ecosystem services is the most important factor that determines the prospects for further
development of the country's largest urban agglomerations. The real boundaries of agglomerations andsignificant differences in the initial physical and geographical conditions have generated a variety of modern
urban situations, expressed primarily in the dispersion, dimension and layout of the elements of green
infrastructure in big cities, which allows us to distinguish different types of environmental frameworks withdifferent problems of their further development.

Border regions, economic integration and growth - The case of Austria
Dr. Jan Kluge1, Hannes Zenz1
1

Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, Austria

G12-O1 Location of Economic Activity
MILC_Room 309, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The common belief of a general positive relationship between economic integration and welfare has been
shattered recently. Even though there is clear empirical evidence of an overall welfare gain when borders
fall, it seems to become more obvious that remote regions might benefit to a smaller extent. This might
especially apply to border regions as they are mostly poorer, insufficiently connected and more sparsely
populated than central regions. It is unclear whether they benefit at all from an open border. Also, there isno consensus about the symmetry, i. e. whether border regions in the poorer country benefit more when
they move closer to their richer neighbours or vice versa.
In this paper, we investigate the case of European integration in the context of Austria as it provides aninteresting laboratory: Austria experienced the fall of the iron curtain that surrounded almost half of thecountry, leading to more open borders to the east. The western borders virtually vanished when Austria
joined the already existing EU in 1993. The eastern expansion in 2004 again focussed on the integration of
its eastern neighbours.
We make use of population as well as night-time light data and deploy causal inference techniques in order
to investigate the impact of border regime changes on economic parameters of remote regions in Austria
and its neighbours. We suppose that the three mentioned historic events have shifted the distribution of
economic activity inside Austria. The increased market potential for regions on both sides of the bordershould have resulted in collective welfare gains. Given classic convergence arguments, however, one would
expect the joining regions to benefit to a larger extent.

217

Influence of metropolitan areas on housing market (case of Russia)
Dr. Evgeniya Kolomak1
1Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

G04-O12 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Metropolitan areas are considered as poles of growth in the recent political discussions in Russia. However
an influence of large cities on the neighboring territories is ambiguous and depends on how successfully theimpulses and quality of growth are transmitted from the center to the periphery. The paper presents
empirical estimates of the influence of the urban agglomerations on the value of residential real estate. The
housing market is considered as an indicator of the population's incomes and perspectives of the territorial
development. The tested hypothesis is that in cities belonging to metropolitan area, housing prices arehigher than in settlements beyond its borders. In the regression, where the dependent variable is theaverage cost per square meter of housing, along with the fact of belonging to the metropolitan areas, we
control for the distance to the center of the area, the distance to Moscow and the population density in thecity. The estimates showed that in the cities of the metropolitan areas housing prices are significantly higher
than in the cities outside the areas. This result is an indirect confirmation of the positive effects of theagglomeration process in the Russian urban system. Practical recommendation of the paper is to provide an
institutional environment aimed at the effective governance of the development of urban agglomerations
and at the realization of their potential. It is important also to use resources of federalism anddecentralization.

Restriction Policies to lower quality foreign workers: in case of co-existing legal immigration and two
types of illegal immigration
Dr. Kenji Kondoh1
1

School of Economics, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Japan

S42-S2 Causes and Effects of Regional Integration: Development of Local Economy via Mobility
IUT_Room 210, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
We consider two types of illegal migrants to a developed country based on the expected lifetime income:low-risk entrance with high-risk of detection during their stay (type A) and high-risk entrance with low-riskof detection (type B). Also following new immigration policy introduced by Japan’s government in 2019, we
consider two types of legal unskilled immigrants, limited staying period without their families (specific skills#1) and permitted permanent stay with their families (specific skills #2). We consider three possible cases
co-existing those various types of migrants as the results of each individual’s choice. If all of four types ofimmigrants exist, paradoxically, we found that policies encouraging introduction of type B illegal immigrants
will be the most preferable restriction policies for the host country which intends to improve both foreign
workers’ quality and economic welfare of domestic residents.

Spatial interactions between business and residential urban location. Quantitative methods ofverification in evolutionary framework
Dr. Katarzyna Kopczewska1, Piotr Ćwiakowski1, dr Mateusz Kopyt1
1

University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland

S33-S2 Modelling place attractiveness in the era of Big and Open data
MILC_Room 310, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
218

Immensely reach menu of theories and empirical evidence in regional and urban studies is still missing a link
between business and residential location within city, with special insight into firms profitability and housing
valuation. Existing theories of location of both business and housing, together with their inherent
agglomeration and spatial externalities effects, have in fact the same drivers and deserve for being
considered jointly. Common for both starting point is the decision process, where to live and where tolocate the firm, as well as what are the factors which determine this location. Independently of the adopted
research perspective and internal motivations of the decision-takers, one observes its final consequences as
the densities of business and housing, as well as its economic performance – prices of real estate andprofitability of business.
The intersection of both streams, the business and housing location and valuation, lies in the similar
determinants and the consequences of both processes, where one can indicate clustering, density,
agglomeration externalities, Central Business District location, rural vs. urban sites, accessibility, proximity
to important neighbours, quality and usefulness of neighbourhood, absolute and relative locations, local
and global perspective, spatial segregation etc. Both processes are also inter-connected.
Overview of existing literature on location models for housing and business does not offer the explanation
to patterns and interactions observed in nature. Assumptions and analytical framework in neoclassical New
Economic Geography and Institutional Economic Geography are to fail: both rational utility/profit
maximizing agents as well as “rules & communication” driven agents. An attractive theoretical framework
for this problem is co-evolutionary economic geography, which may serve as integrating umbrella cross over
the agents and mechanisms involved.
This paper compares the theories of business and housing location and performance with special insight
into spatial externalities to show what elements are common. Neither of old models is out-of-date, while its
joint application may shed some new light into interactions which appear.
This builds the fundamentals for statistical analysis of those two processes, till now treated in generalseparately. We compare the existing models and studies in both streams and check empirically if spatial
distributions of companies and their profits are linked to spatial distributions of the flats and their observed
prices. We hypothesise that there exists visible links and spatial interactions between both. In an empiricalillustration we use geo-located point big data for firms and flats in Warsaw, Poland in 2016.

Detection of urban system in India: Urban hierarchy revisited
Prof. Artem Korzhenevych1, Dr. Manisha Jain1
1

Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Dresden, Germany

G24-O1 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This paper uses concepts and measures from the central place theory to describe and analyze the urban
settlement hierarchy in the northwestern part of India including mega-cities Delhi and Mumbai. A particularfocus is on the functional importance of settlements based on the amenities provision. This approach iscontrasted with the population-centered approach currently used in regional planning in India. GIS-based
analysis is used to visualize the development gaps. In addition, this paper investigates the factors leading topopulation growth in different-size settlements. The empirical findings are used to infer on the potential
effects of a large investment project – the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor – on different-size settlements.
The empirical analysis reveals deficits in amenity provision in particular in large and medium-size urban
settlements. In contrast, the majority of smaller urban centers are currently well-equipped to sustain
additional population growth. With respect to dynamics over time, urban centers in more backward statesin the study area displayed stronger improvements in the amenities provision.
The important determinants of urban growth identified in this research are the proximity to large urban
centers, population density, employment structure, as well as natural amenities. The findings confirm that219

spatial disparities might be exacerbated by large investment projects in the absence of regional planning.
The paper argues for a strong institutional structure and advocates for place-based policies in order tofacilitate implementation of large-scale cross-border infrastructure projects and to harness the potential ofsmaller urban centers. The policy recommendations could be of direct relevance for India and othercountries of the Global South.

The role of R&D-intensive clusters in regional competition and employment development
Prof. Dr. Reinhold Kosfeld1, Prof. Dr. Timo Mitze2
1

University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany, 2University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

G08-O7 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Modern cluster theory provides reasons for positive external effects that may accrue from interaction in agroup of proximate enterprises operating in common and related fields. Especially Porter externalities
attribute competitive advantages to innovative clusters that are characerized by favourable demand andfactor conditions, rivalry and the presence of related and supporting industries. While Porters diamondmodel substantiates a close link of regional competition to productivity growth, the effect on employment
development are less clear-cut.
There is a lot of empirical research to reveal cluster effects on economic performance. Recently, the papersof Delgado, Porter and Stern (2014) and Slaper, Harmon and Rubin (2018) address this issue from different
points of view. Delgado, et al. (2014) evaluate the role of clusters on regional industry performance in theinterplay between dispersion and agglomerating forces, whereas Slaper et al. (2018) differentiate between
effects of cluster strength and diversity on regional performance without regard to potential countervailingforces. While the former paper focuses on growth of employment and innovation, the latter investigatescluster impacts on productivity, production, compensation and income growth. Both approaches identify
regional clusters with the aid of traditional instruments like input-output analysis and the location quotient.
The studies exploit data from the US Cluster Mapping Project.
The present paper focusses on impacts of R&D-intensive industry clusters on regional competition andemployment development. To account for both dispersion and agglomeration forces we draw on theconvergence model of regional growth (Islam 1995; Sala-I-Martin 1996). Within this model we differentiate
between effects of cluster strength and diversity as counterparts of related and unrelated variety
hypothesized by Frenken et al. (2007) at the industry level. The identification of R&D clusters is based on an
hybrid approach of qualitative input-output analysis and spatial scanning (Kosfeld and Titze 2017).
The cluster impact analysis is conducted for a panel of German NUTS-3 regions in the period 2002 -2012. Inline with Porter’s diamond model (Porter 2000), competition is operationalzied by productivity growth.
Controling for regional characteristics, a significant cluster strength effect is found in conjuncction withconditional convergence. When both cluster variables strength and diversity enter the panel model theisolated diversification effect vanishes. In a more detailed analysis it is shown that productivity growth isstrongly related to pharmaceutical clusters and electrical machinery clusters. This corroborates theattribution of growth effects to special types of clusters found by Maine, Shapiro and Vining (2008).

220

Only the lonely. Regional patterns in solo self-employment in the Netherlands
Dr. Sierdjan Koster1
1

University of Groningen, , THE NETHERLANDS

S19-S2 Regional Entrepreneurship Policy
UdL_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Since the 1990s, self-employment has increased rapidly in the Netherlands. Currently, over 15% of thelabour force population is registered as self-employed. The growth in self-employment can be almost fully
attributed to the rise of solo self-employment, firms with only one person involved. In fact, the number of
employing firms has remained stable since the 1990s. Even though the solo self-employed represent a large,
and growing group, they remain an understudied phenomenon. Similarly, solo self-employed typically do
not have a well-developed position in economic policies, perhaps as a result of the large heterogeneity
within the group. In addition, solo self-employed, by definition have little direct effect on employment
generation. That having said, the sheer size of the group in the Netherlands make them a relevant topic ofresearch. Also, they may collectively improve regional economic performance, for example throughimproving flexibility to larger firms. In a more general sense, understanding solo self-employment in the
Netherlands may inform the broader trend of flexible work contracts that underlie the platform economy,
for example.
As such, it is relevant to understand the characteristics and the economic role of solo self-employed. This
study then explores the regional patterns in solo self-employment in the Netherlands and it addresses theheterogeneity in the group as well as the regional differences of different types of solo self-employment.
This informs local policy making towards solo self-employment. In more general terms, it contributes to ourunderstanding of the spatially diverse effects of flexible labour market arrangements.

Local engagement for the common good project : the case of neighborhood preservation and functioningof Jazdów in Warsaw
Ms Joanna Koszewska1
1

Politechnika Warszawska, , Warszawa, Poland, 2Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

S20-S2 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM

BACKGROUND : In Warsaw, in the context of a rapid urban growth and neoliberal planning regulations,conflicts appeared and gave rise to bottom-up processes, resisting fast changes. Jazdów is an example of ahistoric green zone where strategic planning failed. Since 2005, the Municipality has not managed to makethe Master Plan binding, and, instead, a group of social protesters has been negotiating the program for
Jazdów with the City representatives.
SCOPE : The aim of this article is to examine the evolution of this pioneering project and its outcomes. This
contribution is concentrated on empirical results of the research.
METHOD : The process-orientated research of the project was conducted though qualitative interviews withlocal actors, participatory observation, site visits, literature and planning documents review.

221

STATEMENT : A regular planning procedure failed due to protests against the reorganization plan. This
subversive act led to the formation of a civic partnership between the activists and the Municipality, which
agreed to work collaboratively on a new plan. Even though statutory planning is difficult to change, thepartnership managed to preserve this plot and protect its natural heritage and built monuments by sectorial
actions of a small scale.
CONCLUSIONS : A soft way of influencing policies can be achieved by undertaking pilot projects, temporaryuse, or enriching local territorial governance. A mixed governing style might improve the quality of urban
vision. The structured collaboration in urban planning between the public and civic sector as one ofparticipation forms might improve practices in the preparation of master plans and their execution.
DISCUSSION : The chosen case represents a specific type of governance in the process of urban
transformation. The questions to be addressed touch upon the common features of such governance aswell as its specifics, depending on the social capital of the activists involved and the perennity ofcollaborative urban planning.

Do Commuting Women Have Fewer Children?
Dr. Elena Kotyrlo1
1National Research University Higher School Of Economics, , Russian Federation, 2Umeå School of Business andEconomics, Umeå University, Umeå , Sweden

G17-R1 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 110, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Commuting is linked to fertility through demographic, social, and economic mechanisms. There are
expected direct and indirect effects of commuting on fertility. An indirect response to labour mobility is
assumed to affect both commuters and non-commuters. It is caused by the changes in the gender structurein the marriage market, by a spatial distribution of welfare, and by a spatial diffusion of family norms, inparticular, the demand for children. Commuting women experience both direct and indirect changes in theirpreferences and attitudes towards children. They are hypothetically able to compare lifestyles and values inplaces of residence and work. In addition, daily transportation costs affect a commuter’s budget constraint,
which, in turn, affects the demand for children. Therefore, the relationship between commuting and fertility
is measured by a set of parameters that facilitate separation and isolation of the effects. As commuting andfamily life are expected to affect one another mutually, a bivariate probit model is applied to account for
the endogeneity of commuting. Empirical evidence of the effect of commuting on fertility is based on agespecific regressions and testing the influence of commuting on first-birth rates (FBR) of women 21-32 years
old residing in the Stockholm area in Sweden during 1993-2006. It is shown that commuting generates both
positive and negative externalities for the demand for children. Average differences in first-birth rates ofyoung, working women are estimated by a bivariate model with endogenous commuting. Empiricalevidence based on administrative data (Sweden) reveals that commuting women have a lower probability ofa first birth between 21-28 years of age and a higher probability between 29-32 years. Therefore,
commuting women likely postpone their first child. Additional direct and spillover effects of commuting on
fertility appear in income cross-municipal flows, diffusion of fertility norms across space, and changes ingender structure of the population of fertile age. A positive effect on relative income and social norms and anegative sex ratio effect are found significant both for commuting women and those who work in themunicipality of their residence. Marginal effects for commuters are greater in magnitude.

222

Impact of Modern Information and Communication Tools on International Migration
Dr. Elena Kotyrlo1
1National Research University Higher School Of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation

G03-R1 Big Data and Regional Science
IUT_Room 404, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Observing the dramatic increase in the flow of migrants since the 2000s, one can hypothesise that emergent
access to the Internet and mobile communications has contributed to it. Indeed, modern information andcommunication technologies (ICTs) help potential migrants overcome the strongest barrier to migration –incomplete information. Studies have found that ICTs assist migration decision-making and support people
with information when crossing borders. An alternative view suggests that ICTs enhance capacities tomaintain working and family life across long distances and act as a substitute for movement. This is due tothe role of ICTs in the growth of independence from a fixed place of work, lessening information, emotionaland social losses of migration, strengthening the cultural identity of migrants, and facilitating remittances tonon-migrated family members. Empirical evidence for 191 countries for the period 1995–2015 supports thislatter suggestion of a negative link between ICT development and migration flows. The model is specified asa dynamic panel data model that allows estimation of the medium- and long-term effects of ICTs on
migration. A system generalised method of moments estimator and bias-correction for the FE estimator are
employed to account for potential endogeneity of ICT development to countries’ socio-economic
conditions.

Attractions of Historic Cities and Online Presence based on User Generated Content
Dr. Iason Koufodontis1, Dr. Eleni Gaki1
1

University Of The Aegean, Chios, Greece

S04-S1 The digital transformation of tourism in the city
IUT_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Historic attractions are one of the core components of urban tourism destinations, supplemented bycontemporary and everyday sights and services. This study examines United Nations Educational, Scientific,
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) listed historic cities and the representation of their attractions throughUser Generated Content (UCG) of TripAdvisor, currently considered the largest travel web site globally.
Attractions presented in the new format introduced in 2019 by TripAdvisor, are further categorized andanalyzed based on their historic attributes and online evaluation by tourists. The study aims to provide
answers regarding the extent and intensity of the linking between the official historic city designation andthe online presence of the respective attractions. The study examines the potential effect of specificattributes of the historic cities and it seeks to identify prevailing patterns and trends. The objective is toprovide a useful guide for urban tourism planners and destination managers to identify existing destinatione-image differentiation related to the online presentation of historic components.
See extended abstract online.

Integrating actor dynamics with land use cellular automata for modelling climate and environmental
policy implementation at regional level
Dr. Dmitry Kovalevsky1, Dr. Richard J. Hewitt2
1

Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Hamburg, Germany, 2Information andComputational Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK

223

S34-S1 Regional Modelling: New Approaches and Data
MILC_Room 308, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Successful implementation of environmental policies, including climate adaptation and mitigation policies,
requires careful consideration of regional and local conditions. Consequently, there is growing
understanding that regional models are needed to support climate and environmental policy making. Suchmodels need to take into account the dynamics of geographical space as well as historic and expected
future land use change patterns. One relevant geographical modelling approach is based on cellular
automata (CA) which has a prominent track record of successful application to a diverse range of
geographical problems. Traditionally, CA models are calibrated to reproduce the footprint of actor decisionmaking manifested in historical land use dynamics, and then projected forward to explore the effect of theobserved dynamics on future periods. However, this is a poor representation of the way the world actuallyworks, since policy decisions reflect current needs and priorities, not historic ones. Such a model cannot
help us understand how decision-making actors might respond spontaneously to emerging land use
outcomes. For these reasons, we believe there is considerable scope for existing CA-based geographicalmodels to be improved by introducing realistic representations of the dynamic behaviour of decisionmaking actors. We present a modelling approach which retains the well-attested benefits of CA land use
models, but which allows greater flexibility in modelling the dynamic behaviour of actors for particular“policy driven” land uses. To implement our approach, we integrate the APoLUS model (APoLUS stands for
Actor, Policy and Land Use Simulator) – an open-source, multi-platform model based on geographical CA –with a system dynamics (SD) model describing the actor dynamics. The SD model is tailored to reproduce
the dynamics of interaction (and possible conflicting interests) of a number of aggregate actors that might
influence regional development in general and might affect (either in positive or in negative way) the
implementation of policy under study in particular. In the present paper, we describe new developments inthe actor dynamics model family, progressing beyond earlier work in three key ways: (i) incorporating thepossible ‘regime shifts’ that might be related, in particular, to election cycles; (ii) describing in more detailthe economic drivers of actor dynamics; (iii) introducing the stochasticity in a SD model.

Modelling the Demand for Weather Index-Based Insurance Products in Regions Prone to Agricultural
Droughts
Dr. Dmitry Kovalevsky1, Prof. María Máñez Costa1
1

Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Hamburg, Germany

G19-O2 Health and Environmental Issues
MILC_Room 409, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Weather index-based insurance is a promising insurance scheme that might be particularly relevant for the
agricultural sector in many developing countries. In particular, it might be efficient in regions prone toagricultural droughts. Weather index-based insurance policies might be more affordable to farmers, as thepayouts in these insurance schemes are based on weather indices objectively determined for the specificagricultural regions, and therefore the costly individual loss assessment is not necessary. We develop astochastic model to simulate the demand for insurance policies in a drought-prone region. For the proposedmodelling approach, it is essential that weather and climate services provide forecasts of the weather index
on which the insurance scheme is based, as tailored products for regions vulnerable to droughts. In such acase, among other factors, the demand for the insurance policy might depend on the skill of available
seasonal weather forecast, from which the weather index forecast is derived. We compare different
strategies of individual farmers regarding weather index-based insurance products. One of the findings ofthis modelling study is that decisions based on a forecast for the coming season with very low skill mightprovide less economically successful strategies for the farmers than the decisions made when the forecast is224

ignored or is unavailable. Therefore, presented modelling results suggest that both strategies of individual
farmers and the dynamics of aggregate demand for insurance policies might be sensitive to the skill ofavailable regional forecast.

Socio-spatial effects of coworking spaces for knowledge flow and innovation capacity: the case of Istanbul
Dr. Senem Kozaman1, Neslihan Alpar1, İsra Hatipoğlu2
1

Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

S08-S1 New working spaces, digital transformations and peripheral areas
IUT_Room 408, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Space and economics have evolved with the change in the information- communication technologies. In thischange process, sharing economy has become crucial for sustainable growth and economic development.
From this framework; co-working spaces are the new model of workplaces which is based on sharing andcollaborative economy and works with different groups as a community. The aim of the research is to
identify to what extent and how co-working spaces provide an environment for the flow of knowledge anddevelopment of entrepreneurship - innovation capacity with networking opportunities in Istanbul. Semistructured interviews will be conducted with the users from different sectors and founders of spaces to
identify the capacity of innovation- entrepreneurship and creation of knowledge.

Regional Convergence at the County Level: The Role of Commuters
Prof. Melanie Krause1, Dr. Sebastian Kripfganz2
1

University Of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 2University of Exeter, Exeter, UK

S29-S1 Mapping flows, movements and cities networks at a European level
MILC_Room 309, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Commuters spend a substantial portion of their income in a different place from where they earn it, thereby
constituting an important channel for cross-regional economic dependencies. In this paper, we analyze theirrole for economic convergence. Commuter flows are inherently asymmetric which implies a stronger shockpropagation from large economic centers to rural regions than in the opposite
direction. This is in contrast to the symmetric network structure implied by the conventional geographic
weights in spatial econometric models that are based on contiguity or geographical distance measures.
Motivated on the grounds of the neoclassical growth model, extended for spatial spillover effects, we use
German county-level data from 2002 to 2014 to estimate a panel data model that is dynamic both acrosstime and space. We find that the speed of convergence is substantially overestimated when ignoring spatial
spillover effects, irrespective of the choice of the spatial weights matrix. The estimates of the spillover
effects themselves are
smaller using commuter weights than geographical measures due to the restricted feedback to large
economic centers.

225

Land and regional development: opportunities and limits to decouple economic change from landconsumption
Dr. Angelika Krehl1
1

Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER), Dresden, Germany

G04-O12 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Regional economic and spatial development is explained with agglomeration economies, accessibility andland prices. However, the role of natural resources for regional development is somewhat missing. Whereas
natural resources have been used to explain initial location choices resulting in city emergence, they havebeen largely neglected in further regional development processes. This finding especially pertains to land as
a natural and spare resource.
Land is indirectly considered in terms of transportation costs in studies about spatial reconfiguration
processes, whereas it is directly addressed in discussions about urban sprawl or growth management topreserve open spaces. But established spatial economic models and related empirical work simply premisethat sufficient land is available for urban economic progress. Likewise, these models postulate that (new)land consumption essentially follows economic development.
Thus, starting from current regional spatial and economic development processes, it is necessary toperceive economy and ecology as two sides of a coin. This is partially done in the so-called decoupling
debate. It addresses the relationship between GDP growth and environmental degradation while focusing
on the potentials of decoupling these two to achieve a sustainable economic development. However, thenatural resource land is neglected there, too, although current political and environmental goals advocate areduction of land consumption while maintaining decent regional economic development.
This situation establishes this paper’s stating point. The paper addresses the role of land in regional
economic development by means of two questions: how do different types of economic development—
both regional and sectoral—affect land in terms of use and consumption? Do different types of land
contribute differently to the regional economic and spatial development?
These questions are answered using spatial regression analyses conducted on several spatial scales toacknowledge both local and regional relationships as well as their interaction. The data basis consists ofadministrative data on several socioeconomic variables and data on several aspects of land use and open
space provided by the IOER-Monitor. Additionally, a number of controls is included.
The paper contributes a deeper understanding of the relationship between socioeconomics and land on
different spatial scales. It furthermore outlines the opportunities and limits of decoupling economic
development and land consumption. Finally, it is discussed if decoupling is certainly desirable from an
economic and/or environmental perspective.
Persistence and Change of Regional Entrepreneurship and Innovation Activities in Germany
Ms Maria Kristalova1,2, Prof. Dr. Michael Fritsch1,3, Prof. Dr. Michael Wyrwich1,41Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany, 2University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, 3Halle Institute for Economic
Research (IWH), Halle, Germany, 4University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

S25-S1 Historical Roots of Regional Performance
IUT_Room 415, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
226

We study inter-regional persistence and change of entrepreneurship and innovation activities in Germany inthe 1907-2015 period. We employ a unique data set on self-employment and start-up rates as well as
historical patents at a regional level throughout the last century and beyond. Preliminary results areambiguous and underpin a stability hypothesis on the one hand, and a change hypothesis on the otherhand. We observe a strong path dependency of regional levels of new business formation in some regions,whereas there is pronounced rank mobility of others. We also exploit the division of Germany into two
different states after World War II and the re-unification more than 40 years later as a natural experimentand investigate the impact of the different political regimes on persistence and change in the levels ofregional entrepreneurship and innovation. Using a regional League Table (LT) and a difference-in-difference(DiD) approach, we are also able to quantify the long-run role of the socialist legacy in today’s divergence ofthe regional economic performance.
Our results show that the socialism treatment effect is not as significant as the public debate often suggests.
Instead, we find that the share of manufacturing employment, physical proximity to centers of and R&D
activities prior to World War II are more effective in the long run and socialism may just have fell on the
fruitful ground. The results help to a better understanding of why some regions nowadays fall so strongly
behind others.

A Bayesian spatial autoregressive logit specification with an empirical application to European regional
FDI flows
Dr. Tamás Krisztin1, Dr. Philipp Piribauer2
1

International Institure for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, 2Austrian Institute of Economic Research,
Vienna, Austria.

S35-S1 Recent Advances in Spatial Econometrics and Big Data
MILC_Room 310, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In this paper we propose a Bayesian estimation approach for a spatial autoregressive logit specification.
While estimation for spatial autoregressive probit models are already well documented, the involved
computational problems renders estimation of spatial logit specifications particularly difficult. Our proposed
approach uses recent advances in Bayesian computing, making use of Pólya-Gamma sampling for BayesianMarkov-chain Monte Carlo algorithms. Specifically, the proposed specification assumes that the involved
log-odds of the model specification follows a spatial autoregressive process. The use of Pólya-Gamma
sampling involves a computationally efficient treatment of spatial autoregressive logit models, allowing toextend existing specification in an elegant and straightforward way. In a Monte Carlo study we show thatour proposed approach significantly outperforms existing spatial autoregressive probit specifications both inestimation precision and computation time. The paper moreover uses European regional data on foreign
direct investment (FDI) activities to illustrate the performance of the proposed Bayesian spatial
autoregressive logit specification. In the empirical application we use information on FDI press
announcements from the fdiMarkets data base, which is maintained by a specialist division of Financial
Times Ltd. Specifically, we aim at modelling the occurrence of greenfield FDI announcements in host regionsin Europe by explicitly accounting for spatial autoregressive log-odds and regional neighbourhood
characteristics.

227

Chinese provincial convergence, disparity, and mobility: An intra-distributional comparative study
Ms Archana Kumari1
1

University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom

S24-S1 Neo-Weberian Approaches to China: Cultural Attitudes and Economic Development
IUT_Room 415, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The study examines the regional dynamics of convergence, divergence, mobility, persistence, andpolarisation for 31 Chinese provinces from 1993 to 2016. The growth paths widely diverge for 21 poor
inland provinces and 10 rich coastal provinces. With regard to convergence, the study finds thatconvergence started to predominate from 2005 to 2014 and there is a larger influence of within coastalcoastal provincial equality to the overall national convergence. Our findings suggest importance of groupculture for economic growth since we find a positive relationship between a province converging withoutswitching, indifferent if its ‘club’ is the winners or losers in relative economic growth.

Applied econometrics to measure the economic performance for a country
Mr Marcell Kupi1, Mr Ferenc Bakó1
1

SZE RGDI, Hungary

S26-S1 Comparing local and regional development within and between countries – what information anddata is needed?
IUT_Room 202, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
There has been much debate as to which measure is best when studying economic development of anation. In our study economic development is represented by GDP. Our longitudinal study compares annual
GDP in regressions with seven explanatory variables (interest rate, inflation, unemployment, export, general
government debt, foreign direct investment and government expenditure). These variables have morevariance contribution of themselves as compare to other variables in system. The data has been taken fromWorld Bank database. The data has been collected for a period of 17 years from 2000 to 2017. This researchis limited to only a few selected counties in Europe, namely Poland, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic andHungary.

An empirical study on domestic tourism in Japan
Prof. Tatsuaki Kuroda2, Mr. Kaifan Chen1
1

Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Nagoya, Japan, 2Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

G18-O4 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This paper analyzes the situation in which the citizens of the regions have opportunities to travel
domestically across the border of the other regions. It is an extension of our former theoretical work where
the governments are assumed to serve as the source of funding for the improvements to the infrastructureof international tourism, including the areas of public facilities, natural areas, and artificial scenic
construction. We examined the international competition in tourism, based on the concept of Nashequilibrium in the game theory. As an application of that, in this paper, we investigate the correlation
between the regional tourism factors among the prefectures of Japan, by empirical analysis. We attempt toverify several hypotheses by the time series data verification. For example, without political and language
factors in this case, small regions would be more likely to develop tourism. To some extent, in addition, we228

would confirm the attractive factors based on the concept of a gravity model. The number of visitors as wellas consumption are analyzed by the model. For those small regions, our question is whether the impact ofgovernment spending for tourism should be larger or not. Also, we examine whether the differences in thegrowth rates of visitors across regions might be smaller and converged over time.

Digital Personalized Travel Planning (PTP) for Car Drivers unready For Modal Shift
Ms Florence Labarre1
1

LAET, Vaulx-en-velin, France, 2RATP Smart Systems, Noisy le Grand, France

G01-R1 Cities, Regions and Digital Transformations
IUT_Room 404, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This presentation shows the impact of personalized travel planning (PTP) applied to journey planner apps on
car drivers who are not ready for modal shift.
Modal shift is often considered as a one-step process for switching from car to other modes, which leads tomeasures focusing only on incentives to use alternative modes. However, these measures are only effective
for car drivers who already question their mobility behavior and contemplate changing. Modal shift is about
mobility behavior change. According to psychology models, behavioral changes involve a series of stages(transtheoritical model), several of which occur prior to the action stage. Our study focuses on thosepreliminary stages to bring an extension tool to modal shift policies.
The experiment we present intended to encourage car drivers to question their habits and ideas aboutalternative mobility solutions. Usually, mass communication campaigns (posters, flyers…) are used, but the
impact is always limited. PTP aims to generate an interest in alternative transport offers through soft
measures (communication, information, coaching, education ...) and personalized measures. This PTP
method is used mainly to guide people to take action with the help of a mobility coach. Given the goodresults of this method (average reduction of 10% of car mileage), we have conducted our experimentfollowing this paradigm. Targeted and contextualized messages were sent to car drivers. To avoid certain
limitations of PTP (high cost, time-consuming temporary process) and to enable targeting, messages weresent using a journey-planer app. The experiment, which was conducted with 120 car drivers, lasted 10months in Bordeaux Métropole.

Local currencies in France: a spatial representation
Mr Csaba Lakócai1
1

Univesity Of Pécs, Doctoral School in Regional Policy and Economics, Pécs, Hungary, 2Hungarian Academy of Sciences,
Institute for Regional Studies, Pécs, Hungary

G20-O2 Social Innovation for Resilient Regions
IUT_Room 203, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In France, the latest financial crisis gave boost to the creation of local currencies - a form of socioeconomic
innovation and direct local scale response to the failure of the formal financial and monetary systems. The
first scheme of the country-wide local complementary and community currency network (in French "leréseau des monnaies locales complémentaires citoyennes", or "réseau des MLCC"), was put into circulationin 2008. Currently, there are more than sixty existing projects (some further currencies exist beyond the
network too) and more than seventy future projects will be implemented in the upcoming years. These
numbers are remarkable, however the process of creation and implementation is not spatially even. The
statistical overview and spatial presentation of the local currency schemes have been mainly omitted by therelevant literature so far. In the presentation, I deal with the spatial features of the territorial distribution of229

the local currencies in France in a NUTS-3 regional breakdown by applying descriptive statistics andregression analyses.
The results are based on our joint research with Jérôme Blanc, full professor in Economics at Sciences Po
Lyon.

The impact of the French sensitive urban zones ZUS on the location choice of economic activities–Lyon
Urban Area study case
Dr Louafi Bouzouina1, Ms Ayana Lamatkhanova1, M Ioannis Baraklianos1
1

Laet - Entpe, Vaulx-en-Velin, France

G12-O3 Location of Economic Activity
MILC_Room 310, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In this paper, we study the impact of a French sensitive urban zones—the “Zones Urbaines Sensibles”(ZUS)—on economic activities’ location decisions. The low income level and insufficient motorisation rate ofresidents reduce the accessibility to jobs, to public equipments and to retail stores. The reputation of adisadvantaged neighbourhood may provoke some economic sectors to avoid those districts during thelocation choice while the incentive program aiming the sensitive urban zones may attract other activities toinstall and to maintain some of the existing ones in sensitive urban zones. Our empirical analysis is based ona micro-geographic data set which provides exhaustive information on the location of establishments inFrance for the 2018 year at the census block level. We use a discrete choice modelling approach using a
multinomial logit to estimate the location choice of an establishment conditioning to different explanatory
variables. The fine area unit IRIS (‘aggregated units for statistical information’) is used to this analysis where
we distinguish the IRIS unit with ZUS, IRIS unit without ZUS and IRIS areas surrounding ZUS. We also bringthe attention to the distinction for the type of activity in order to underline the differences between backoffice and front-office establishments. These establishments do not have the same requirements for theirlocation during the decision making process as they search.

What does the relationship between aging and housing prices tell about local decline and wealthreshaping?
Raphael Languillon1, Dr. Yasmine Essafi
1

University Of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

S37-S1 Geography of the real estate stock wealth and of its evolutions
IUT_Room 201, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Assuming a life cycle economy perspective and using the link between demography and house prices, thisarticle proposes a methodology to analyze the spatial reshaping of housing wealth caused by the elderboom. The modification in housing wealth circulation across generations is also a spatial modification thatcarries consequences for local territories. While the losses are amplified for some departments, others
benefit from this reorganization. Metropolization is insurance against important wealth losses, whereas forthe nonmetropolitan departments, a combination of second-order factors is required to avoid housing
wealth decline. Our results suggest that these evolutions are mainly structural and that the cyclical variables
are of secondary importance. Compensation, by positive cyclical trend, for structural decline is not a
circumstance that currently obtains in French case. Gentrification also appears to be strongly related to thischange, in which various macrostructural inequalities are reinforced. As for the unemployment rate, thisindicator poorly reflects the shift and can be misleading.
230

Referrals and Self-employment
Ms Emma Lappi1
1

Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping, Sweden

G05-YS1 Regional and Urban Labour Markets (EPAINOS)
IUT_Room 304, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Assessing the average cost of hospitalization in medical and surgical units for slight and serious injuries
resulting from road crashes
Mr Maxime Large1, Laurent Carnis1, Jean-Louis Martin1, Dominique Mignot1
1

Ifsttar, Bron, France

S59-S1 Road Safety Economics for Resilient Countries and Regions
IUT_Room 108, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
One aim of the research projects Vasem and M-Vasem (Carnis et al., 2018) is to assess the cost of roadaccidents in France. That communication propose to assessthe average cost of such injuries, especially
focusing on the medical cost component which is not currently taken into account in the official balance
sheet of road safety. The method used rests upon the restitution of costs approach. This consists inassessing the resources for the recovery of road victims and their families.
To estimate the cost of hospitalisation for road traffic injuries, we proceed with three main steps which are
the identification of road traffic injuries, the determination of the severity of injuries and the estimation of
the cost of hospitalization.
Between 2009 and 2013, the average costs of hospitalization in medical and surgical units for the slightly
injured and the seriously injured increased from 2115 euros and 9058 euros respectively to 2242 euros and10338 euros, i.e.an increase of 6% and 14% respectively.
The contribution of this preliminary work and upcoming work should allow to include the medical costs inthe official road safety balance sheet. A complete estimate of the cost of road safety will allow, on the one
hand, a better appreciation of the impact of road accidents on society and, on the other hand, assistance forpublic decision-makers in prioritizing road safety investments.

Human cost of road morbidity: first results from M-Vasem (Method of Socio-Economic Valuation of road
Morbidity) Project
Mr Maxime Large1, Laurent Carnis1, Jean-Louis Martin1, Dominique Mignot
1

Ifsttar, France

S60-S1 Road Safety Management in Developing Countries: the case of Africa
IUT_Room 108, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The Vasem and M-Vasem research projects (Carnis et al., 2018) aim at valuing the cost of road morbidity inFrance. The main component of the cost of road accident is the human cost. The human cost of a roadtraffic injury refers to the disutility suffered by the victim as a result of the loss of quality of life due to a
traffic accident and the loss of life expectancy due to the injury.

231

To estimate the human cost of road traffic injuries, we proceed with four main steps which are theidentification of road injuries, the classification of road injuries into 39 EUROCOST groups, the calculation of
DALYs suffered by each person and the application of a discount rate on future disabilities.
In the first year, the slightly injured and the seriously injured person hospitalized for a short stay suffer an
average of 0.17 DALY and 0.22 DALY respectively. It is in the long term that the difference increases since
the slight injured person suffers on average 0.99 DALY when the serious injured person suffers 2.43. Whendiscounted, long-term disabilities almost halved to 0.54 DALY and 1.34 DALY for the slight and serious
injuries. In total, the discounted human cost in DALYs of the slightly injured and the seriously injured
hospitalized during short stays was estimated at 0.71 DALYs and 1.6 DALYs respectively.
This research work will allow to take into account specifically the human costs in the official balance sheetof road safety instead of using percentages of VSL to obtain figures with more scientific foundation.

Open access competition in the railway market: better prices and frequencies?
Dr. Florent Laroche1, Mme Ayana Lamatkhanova2, Dr Leny Grassot3
1

University Of Lyon, France, France, 2Transport, Urban Planning and Economics Laboratory, Lyon, France, 3Transport,
Urban Planning and Economics Laboratory, Lyon, France

S68-S1 Transport Infrastructures and European Integration in the Framework of the White Paper 2011:
Evaluation, Benchmark, Perspectives at the Age of Digital Transformation
IUT_Room 108, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper explores the effect of competition on prices and frequencies for the Interurban rail market inEurope. The market is defined by long distance train services mixing classical speed and high speed. The
intramodal competition is usually in “open access” for long distance services in Europe and can beformalized through the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) commonly used to assess the level ofconcentration between different firms on a market. The intermodal competition takes into account the airtransportation, as usually in the literature, but includes new type of services as coach services andcarpooling services. The analysis is original by an extended perimeter including seven European countries
and a total of 90 routes. The method is based on an econometric analysis which has never been applied yet
to the rail market and its specificities in terms of competition. Results show that intra-modal competition
have a significant impact on frequencies for long distance train services but no significant effect on prices in
economic class. Otherwise, the effects of intermodal competition are limited mainly because of the strong
differences between the market structures in terms of travel time, comfort or user’s preferences. It is thecase of coach and carpool services, available when prices for train are high, but not of air transport which
can drive train operators to decrease their prices in case of direct competition for long distance.

Social Capital and Institutional Quality in the Italian Provinces
Dr. Vincenzo Larosa1, Prof. Angela Stefania Bergantino1
1

University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

G22-O2 Institutions
IUT_Room 303, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Social capital is strictly linked to the quality of institutions and determines their performance. Nevertheless,social capital as a multidimensional phenomenon is difficult to quantify. According to OECD, social capital isdefined as “networks together with shared norms, values and understandings that facilitate co-operation
within or among groups''. How to measure social capital is not widely accepted and it has become a debate232in itself. The quantitative measuring has proven somewhat complicated that has resulted in different
metrics for different dimensions. In the literature, its dimensions have been assessed through directindicators (as voluntary associations, and social interaction and networks) and indirect indicators(newspaper diffusion, crime rates, political participation, blood donation (Putnam, 1993; Guiso, Sapienza,
Zingales, 2004). Also, these measures may occur at different territorial levels. For instance, in Italy, thesocial capital and the quality of the institutions are phenomena rooted in the communities, which differ
within the country by pointing out an important territorial aspect of the phenomenon (Putnam, 1993,
2000).
This work aims to explain the drivers that favour institutional quality, at the provincial level, in the period
between 2007 and 2012. Through investigating the level of institutional quality by using the Institutional
Quality Index (Nifo and Vecchione, 2014), we test some additional variables beside of the classical ones that
we think better determine the social capital. We collect data at Italian provincial level of socio-demographic,
institutional and economic context variables, as well as of crime against PA, gender equity, social inclusion,
waste management, research and development indicators. Using a panel data analysis, we study the impact
of different variables that delineate social capital on institutional quality level. Moreover, the reverse
causality between institutional quality and social capital is explored. Our work contributes to the literatureon two ways: first, from the different institutional level considered (province level/EU-NUTS3) and second,
for a more comprehensive concept of social capital.

Wine tourism and territorial development: what practices for what opportunities
Ms Diane Laugel1, Dr Leïla Kebir1
1

GSE/IGD/University of Lausanne, Sion, Suisse

G18-O3 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper questions the relation between wine tourism and territorial development. Based on a literature
review and on an inventory of wine tourism practices, the objective is to propose an analytical framework toanalyze its contribution (or not) to territorial development (resource development, collective learning
processes, innovation dynamics, employment, vineyards maintaining, etc.).
According to France AgriMer (2016) wine activities engage positives dynamics and contribute to maintain an
economic and social life for “rural disfavored area”. The opening of vineyards to tourists enhances local
actor’s dynamics and the territory planning (Mitchell & al. 2018) but can also bring use conflicts. Also terroir
economy appears as a marketing key tool for territory as it diffuses images and symbols in the consumer
system.
The paper start with the definition(s) of wine industry and the identification of related practices. Different
tourism models such as wine tourism, oenotourism (Lignon-Darmaillac, 2017) were described andscrutinized in the literature. The second part of this paper will identify and analyze the forms of relations to
the territory that these models imply. Finally based on the literature of territorial economy, the paper willpropose an analytical grid aiming at understanding the relation between wine tourism and territorial
development.
FranceAgriMer, «Plan stratégique sur les perspectives de la filiè re vitivinicole à l’horizon 2025»:http://www.franceagrimer.fr/content/download/32879/296608/file/strat%C3%A9gie%20vi
n%202025%20- %20Plan%20strat%C3%A9gique%20-%20vs%20160714.pdf
Richard Mitchell & al. “Cultural Systems and the wine tourism product”, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.
39, No 1, pp. 311-335, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2011.05.002
Sophie Lignon-Darmaillac, « les grandes orientations : modè les européens, modè les californiens. »,Territoires du vin [En ligne], Numéros, n°8 – Patrimoine et valorisation des territoires de la vigne et du vin,
233

Valorisations touristiques, patrimonialisation et traditions dans les vignobles., mis à jour le : 21/12/2017,
URL : http://pepiniere.u- bourgogne.fr/territoiresduvin/index.php?id=1336.

De la nouvelle fabrique de l'action publique en lien avec l’innovation et la créativité : application au cas
wallon (Belgique)Dr. Moyart Laurence1, Prof. Leloup Fabienne1
1

Uclouvain (mons), Mons, Belgium

S23-S1 Territorial and place-based governance, (new) processes for local coordination
IUT_Room 303, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Motorized individual mobility in commuting trips: modal preference or constraint choice? A machinelearning approach
Mr Rémy Le Boennec1, Mr Fouad HADJ SELEM1
1

VEDECOM Institute, VERSAILLES, France

G03-O1 Big Data and Regional Science
IUT_Room 408, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In the Ile-de-France Région, France, the modal share of car in commuting trips is 42% (Source: Global
Transport Survey, 2010), a much lower figure than the national average (70%). In this article, we use an
original predictive tool that relies on multi-source input data to estimate the flows, modes, and sociodemographic characteristics of mobility users. We focus on commuting, as the recurrence of such trips
theoretically enhances modal shift towards more sustainable transport modes on the long term.
From the output data predicted by the tool, we elaborate, for all origin-destination couples (O-D) between
municipalities in the Ile-de-France Région (n = 1286²), an original indicator of the relative performance of
public transport in relation to car. We measure this indicator as compared travel times: for each O-D couple,
we compare the predicted travel time to the modal share of car, also predicted by our tool. We thus identify
three groups of municipalities:- A first group whose respective modal shares of car and public transport are consistent with the modal
performance indicator: comparable travel times between car and public transport are correlated withrespective modal shares close to the Ile-de-France average;- A second group whose residents seem more favorable to public transport than suggested by the modal
performance indicator, as predicted travel times appear to be in favor of car;
- A third one, with the opposite conclusions.
A more detailed territorial analysis focuses, in a second time, to cross these three groups of municipalities
with the following typology of territories: Paris (central city), other municipalities of Greater Paris (innersuburbs), other municipalities of the Paris agglomeration (outer suburbs), central municipalities of the restof the Ile-de-France Région, other municipalities. This typology crosses dwelling densities, employment
densities and flows between the two, on the one hand, and a morphological criterion delimiting theboundaries of the agglomeration, on the other hand. The interest of such a crossover lies in mobility issues
that remain specific, within the Ile-de-France, to each type of area.
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Such results highlighting modal preferences of households appear valuable for social sciences, in that they
allow to empirically raise the calibration difficulties often pointed at in theoretical models of urban
economics.

The role of accessibility in land capitalization: what influence of railway stations in periurban and rural
areas?
Mr Rémy Le Boennec1, Ms Julie BULTEAU2, Mr Thierry FEUILLET3
1

VEDECOM Institute, VERSAILLES, France, 2University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, VERSAILLES, France,
University of Vincennes-Saint-Denis, SAINT-DENIS, France

3

G16-O5 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In this empirical article, we seek to reveal the effect of accessibility to passenger railway stations in land
capitalization. The stakes are crucial, as urban development in many OECD countries has been built aroundthe individual car, favoring sprawled cities. The proximity to a railway station may thus be sought byhouseholds engaged in a land acquisition for residential purposes.
The method we used in this article consists of estimating the effects of accessibility to passenger train
stations on land prices in the periurban and rural areas of the Loire-Atlantique Département, France. Dataon land prices come from the Perval database for transactions recorded in 2012 in both the suburban ring ofNantes (431 observations selected) and in isolated municipalities of the Loire-Atlantique Département (395observations selected). The database integrates intrinsic attributes: surface area, status concerning theviabilisation, presence of constructions to demolish ...To constitute our database, contextual variables likely
to be capitalized in land prices were quantified as well.
Three regression models were estimated afterwards, all adjusted to intrinsic and contextual variables. At
first, the average effect of the distance to the nearest station was revealed through a global log-linear
model. In a second step, we were willing to test the assumption according to which the function between
this distance and the prices would be decreasing. Thus, a generalized additive model (GAM) has been
produced. This type of nonparametric model makes it possible to estimate nonlinear functions in a multiple
regression. Finally, we explored the possible spatial heterogeneity of the relationship between the distanceto the nearest station and the price of land using a mixed geographically weighted regression (MGWR). The
underlying assumption is that this relationship is likely to vary depending on local contexts, including theattractiveness of the municipality of the train station, as well as human flows in this station.
Our recommendations support decisions made in the development of local mobility. The results concerning
the significant radius of influence of a train station should help decision-makers to make these latter evolve
into multimodal exchange poles. In the absence of significant influence of the station considered, a broad
incentive to carpooling practices should be driven by local authorities. The range of our results regarding thetypes of territory considered also prepares for tomorrow's autonomous mobility for “last-mile trips”
towards train stations, a solution envisaged by many French local authorities in various types of areas.

235

Geographic distribution of fish landings over a hundred years: the case of the sardine industry in France(1896-2017)
Dr. Pascal Le Floc'h1
1

université de brest, Quimper, France

S25-S1 Historical Roots of Regional Performance
IUT_Room 415, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The issue of industrial concentration is an object of study in the manufacturing sector, observed from longterm statistical series (Dumais et al., 2002; Kim, 1995). In fact, the spatial concentration of firms linked tothe same industry, a horizontal concentration, is a structural variable.
The location strategies of firms, driven by differences in the price of production or differences in production
costs between regions, modify the spatial distribution of industrial activities. Other factors favor these
displacements such as the sources of supply or the quality of environmental factors. Consequently,
concentration also appears in a vertical dimension, with dependent companies through a supplier-client
relationship.
The marine fishing industry is not immune to these capital movements. The analysis of the spatial locationof fishing fleets located upstream of the industry is possible from landing sites registered by the State ordecentralized public agencies as a statistical recording point of production. Only few studies exist on thisissue with empirical research in fisheries (Hannesson, 2007).
The statistical series of productions from marine fisheries rarely have a historical depth of more than fifty
years. Yet, historical reports provide new insights into the diversity of trajectories followed by fishermen
communities. Faced with a collapse in production, some communities are successfully converting to otherindustrial activities, while others resist hoping for a return to previous levels.
We seek to understand the survival of some communities and the disappearance of others over a long
period of more than a century. The historical study shows that the specialization strategy of somecommunities does not necessarily reflect an inability to adapt. Should we then consider that the historicalpersistence of a population of entrepreneurs staying in the same industry, at a localized territorial level,
reveals a high degree of social resilience incompatible with innovative behaviour?
Conceptual research on socio-systems (Holling, 2001) indicates that change occurs only during periods ofhigh vulnerability (eg the sudden collapse of an exploited natural resource stock) and therefore low
resilience. The case examined in this article, geographic location of fishing ports for the sardine industry,
shed new light on the historical survival of communities with high resilience.

Should French municipalities foster urban densification to reduce their expenditures?
Dr. Marie Breuillé1, Dr. Camille Grivault1, Dr. Eliakim Kakpo1, Dr. Julie Le Gallo1
1

CESAER, Dijon, France

G04-O11 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The relationship between population and employment density and the costs of public services remains the
subject of numerous controversies due to the wide range of estimated elasticities. This disparity derives
essentially from measurement and identification sources. Based on a sample of French municipalities forthe period 2003-2015, this paper addresses both considerations and provides further evidence in support ofa non-linear relationship between the size of cities and public expenditures per capita. First, we measuredensity differently from the traditional literature and consider two metrics. Second, to tackle endogeneity
concerns, we exploit historical records of population, settlements and soil characteristics in a municipality as
236

an exogenous source of variation of current levels of density. Our preferred specifications imply -0.10 and
0.13 elasticities for per capita current and capital expenditures respectively.

Why people do (or don’t) rideshare for daily short-distance trips? A discrete choice experiments study
Mr Alix Le Goff1, Dr Guillaume Monchambert1, Dr Charles Raux1
1

Transport, Urban Planning And Economics Laboratory, Lyon, France

S31-S1 Carpooling for daily trips
IUT_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Congestion situations can cause various nuisances. Public authorities are trying to set up infrastructures andincentives to reduce these. Among them, we can find HOV lanes. One of the first in France will be located in
the Lyon area. In the French context, ridesharing is by far not the most used mode in daily commuting. This
paper aims to understand the different mobility behaviors and how to make of ridesharing a transport’s
mode considered by the individuals in their choices when making their trip. To do so, we will conduct a
discrete choice experiment to monetary value impacts on preferences of different trip components,
including specific rideshare ones. Data will be collected in April 2019 and results will follow shortly.

The Impact of Automation at Regional Level
Dr. Patrizio Lecca1, Dr Damiaan Persyn1, Dr Stelios Sakkas1, Dr Simone Salotti1, Dr Conte Andrea1
1

Eu Commission, Sevilla, Spain

S11-S2 The regional socio-economic impact of the 4th industrial revolution
UdL_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
See extended abstract online.
Causes of particular matter air pollutant concentration in Korea – Who to blame?
Mr Insu Chang1, Ms HyunJi Lee2, Mr Brian H.S. Kim3
1

Department of Population Policy Research, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Building D, 370 Sicheong-daero,
Republic of Korea, 2Graduate Student, Program in Regional Information, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural
Development, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Republic of Korea, 3Professor, Program in Regional
Information, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Program in Agricultural and Forest
Meteorology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu,
Republic of Korea

G19-O1 Health and Environmental Issues
MILC_Room 409, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
A high concentration of particular matter (PM), which increases the risk of human health, is one of the
major social issues in Korea. Because of possible causes and consequences from the PM, societal andpolitical arguments and criticisms are rapidly developed and requested special attention to solve theproblems. One of the main criticisms is the PM pollutants carried by the wind from China. Diplomaticconflicts arise due to different understanding of PM problems between Korea and China. Therefore, it isimportant to understand what are causes the PM emissions and its concentration. The objective of thisstudy is to identify the socioeconomic factors that can relate to the possible contribution of PM2.5
concentration in Korea. Panel model is employed using the data of PM2.5 level for three years (2015 to2017) for 17 provinces in Korea. The results indicated that the number of registered diesel engine vehicles,237

manufacturing production activity, and PM2.5 concentration of three provinces (Hebei, Shandong, andJiangsu) in China are closely related to the PM2.5 concentration in Korea. Among these contributors, thenumber of registered diesel engine vehicles has the highest correlation with the PM2.5 concentration. It is
important for the Korean government to consider a long-term multidimensional approach to solve thisimportant issue and understand the possible societal welfare affect with innovative policies.

ASEAN or Plus Alpha? A Gravity Model Analysis of the Effectiveness of Regional Trading Blocs
Ms Ji Won Lee1, Prof Jinhwan Oh1
1

Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea

G06-R1 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This study examines the effectiveness of regional trading blocs in Southeast Asia. Over the years, theAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has engaged in various agreements to position, secure, andwiden the scope of regional integration to promote economic and social development. As part of thateffort, ASEAN formed plus groups with other countries, such as ASEAN3, ASEAN6, and AANZFTA. These
groups have enabled East Asian countries—both Southeast and Northeast Asian countries—to cooperate
and negotiate their shared interests and concerns. To confirm the importance of regional economic blocs
and analyze their effectiveness, this study applies the gravity model of trade to comprehensive panel datafrom the ASEAN’s 10 member-countries, covering 17 years of activity with their 29 major trading partners.
This study finds that limiting the trading bloc to 10 countries is suboptimal and shows that adding six
members (Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, and South Korea) to the bloc—a configuration
formally known as ASEAN Plus Six or ASEAN6—improves the trading bloc’s effectiveness. In addition, theanalysis indicates that ASEAN member-country export volumes to Plus Six members will be 2.5 to 4 times
higher than to non-members. In the latter portions of this paper, the policy implications of these findings
are discussed.

A Gravity Model Approach of Sri Lanka’s International Trade Pattern
Ms Ji Won Lee1, Prof Jinhwan Oh1
1

Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea

G06-R1 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Despite Sri Lanka being an interesting case as the first South Asian country to have liberalized its economy,
few studies have empirically examined Sri Lanka’s trade patterns. Most of the existing studies examine Sri
Lanka’s international trade experience and Sri Lanka’s bilateral trade with India. This study empiricallyexamines Sri Lanka’s international trade pattern by analyzing a panel dataset of the country’s bilateral tradeflows with 204 countries for 21 years (1995-2016). This is examined by using two sets of regressions toanalyze the collected data: panel random effect with the lagged variables and instrumental regression with
Two-Stage-Least-Squares (2SLS). The empirical results generally supported the prediction of the gravity
model, in which the variables GDP and per capital GDP have positive coefficients while distance has
negative coefficients. When the data was examined by calculating the difference between the estimatedand actual values of exports and imports, it was found that Sri Lanka’s export flow with the Asian countries– China and Nepal – was undermined. Thus, Sri Lanka should redirect its exporting activities to China and
Nepal. For imports, trade with the following countries: Thailand, Nepal, Bhutan, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines,
238

Myanmar and Cambodia were undermined. Therefore, it is suggested that Sri Lanka diversify its trading
activities with the identified countries.

Exploring the economic, geographic and social aspects of unmet healthcare needs
Ms Blandine Legendre1, Ms Aude Lapinte1
1

Drees, Paris, France

S06-S2 Changes in health care provision, spatial mobility and access to care
IUT_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Healthcare access is one of the key challenges met by public policies, and a major issue in the current affairs
in France especially. In this paper, we address healthcare access in its various facets (financial, geographicaland social), through the study of unmet needs. By « unmet needs » one means identifying the need for care,
but without actually going to the doctor. Reasons to this « renunciation to care » may be based on
individual constraints (financial, temporal, social, and psychological), or related to limitations of the healthcare system (geographical accessibility and density). In order to be able to design appropriate public healthpolicies, targeting populations with insufficient access to care, it is important to identify which limitations
play the most on unmet needs, and how they lead to this situation.
To investigate this issue, we use the French Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC). This survey is avery rich source of information, collecting data on income, social inclusion, housing conditions, labor,
education and health. Using Logit models, we measure the impact of financial constraints (health coverage,
income, and other indicators of insufficient resources), social inclusion (living conditions, work situation, andpoor social relations), and healthcare system accessibility (through an indicator of adjustment between
supply and demand for care at the city-level) on the decision of not going to the doctor.

Who owns and who uses farmland? Learning from the intersection of French Land Taxation data andCommon Agricultural Policy data
Dr. Christine Léger-bosch1
1

Irstea/UMR Territoires, Aubière, France

G23-O4 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In France, farms do not own all their land and largely lease them (61,7% in 2010, Courleux, 2011). Even ifthat situation is extreme in Europe (situation shared with Germany and Belgium), the rate of leased Utilized
Agricultural Area (UAA) under the total UAA does not fall under 30% in this world region (Eurostat, 2013).
Consequently, "who owns farmland ?" is a crucial question because: 1) a great part of farming is done underlease arrangements; 2) answering it might shed light on a lot of current issues for rural development(farmers retirement, farms enlargement, urban development, land grabbing...). There is a lack of knowledge
in literature on this topic, probably due to the scarcity of available data. In France for example, the General
Agricole Census which is made each decade, not allows to understand how is compounded property, howrights are distributed among owners, who are they, and how the different ownership types meet thedifferent types of farms, agricultural productions, farming systems... Our proposition rests upon theprinciple of intersecting individual and spatialized data about owners (land taxation data) and about users(Common Agricultural Policy). That first test aims at overcoming technical GIS constraints and those related
to data protection laws, at delimiting the limits of the method, and at establishing the analysis potential
within the given constraints. We then apply the method on the Auvergne Region to illustrate the diagnosis
elements it provides on the farmland property-use relationship.
239

Farmland, commons and property rights: An analysis of collective actions to protect land agricultural use
Dr. Christine Léger-bosch1
1

Irstea/UMR Territoires, Aubière, France

S20-S2 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
One currently witnesses the proliferation of collective actions based on land rights acquisition in order toprotect and develop land agricultural use. They emerge from a variety of local actors among public sphere,
civil society, and agricultural profession, which are involved in territorial and notably agriculturaldevelopment. In this context, this article proposes a theoretical analysis of links between farmland,commons, and property rights. First, we look at the way that the literature on natural resources andcommons deals with farmland, farming use, agricultural products, food and savoir-faire regarding theirpotential qualification as commons. We then examine the initiatives that we observe in France which aim atconserving a specific agricultural use by owning property rights, in order to understand what we could
qualify as commons in this context. Second, we compare the way that the analysis of the different property
rights is usually done about commons (Schlager and Ostrom, 1992), with the repartition of rights between
their holders in the initiatives which aim at conserving a specific agricultural use by owning property rights
on concerned land. In the discussion, we come back on the implications of the fact that farmland may
appears as a common good, at the level of governance, actors and territorial development. We wonder howthat changes the dynamics of conflicts and social innovation.

Combatting the economic impact of ageing through productivity growth: New insights from OECD regions
Ms. Federica Daniele1, Mr. Taku Honiden1, Mr. Alexander Lembcke1
1

OECD, France

S69-S1 The spatial dimension of productivity (OECD Spatial Productivity Lab Special Session)
IUT_Room 101, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Recent evidence based on cross-country analysis suggests that an increase in capital investment – inparticular the use of automation and robots – can attenuate the negative impact of ageing on income levels.
This belief is however misplaced when it comes to ageing in OECD TL3 regions. First, labour productivity inregions where ageing, measured by the ratio of the population who are at least 50 years old to “young”
people aged 20‑49, increases 10 percent faster than the country average over the 2001-14 sample period
are expected to have, on average, 2.1 percent lower productivity growth over the same period. The adverse
impact on productivity is driven by predominantly urban TL3 regions, where labour productivity in theservice sector is more severely impacted by demographic change. Additionally, ageing also has more directconsequences for GDP per capita growth that stem from the rise in the old dependency ratio. Enhanced
productivity growth can offset the negative impact: this need for additional productivity growth is large
compared to the actual growth rate experienced by most regions. Finally, ageing can have adverse
consequence for redistribution: regions that aged faster also saw the fraction of income accruing to labour
decline more dramatically.

240

Change in Artificial Land Use over time across European Cities: A rescaled radial perspective
Dr. Paul Kilgarriff1, Dr. Remi Lemoy2, Prof. Geoffrey Caruso1
1

LISER, Esch-sur-Alzette/Belval, Luxembourg, 2Université de Rouen, France, 3University of Luxembourg, Esch-surAlzette/Belval, Luxembourg

S27-S1 Entropy, Complexity and Spatial Dynamics: A Rebirth of Theory?
MILC_Room 309, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Seen from a satellite, whether looking at land use in the daytime or at night lights, most cities have rather
circular shapes, organised around a city centre. As a consequence, the distance to the centre is the first
spatial differentiation to consider when studying the internal structure of cities. We conduct here a radial
analysis of urban land change in order to understand what the recent changes in urbanisation are acrossEurope and how it relates to city size. We focus on the fundamental differentiation regarding urban land
use: is it natural, like most land on the planet, or has it been artificialised for human uses. Using spatiallydetailed data from the EU Copernicus Urban Atlas, the profiles of artificial land use (ALU) are calculated andcompared between two years, 2006 and 2012. Based on the homothety of urban forms found by Lemoy andCaruso (2018), a simple scaling law is used to compare cities after controlling for population and allows forthe internal structure of cities, as determined by distance to the city centre, to be compared across years.
One of the advantages of using a radial analysis, is the ability to examine the complex two-dimensional
intra-urban structure of a city in a one-dimensional space. The land use profiles produced from the radial
analysis represent ALU with respect to distance to the centre. We present evidence of tilting profiles ofartificial land use which shows that given total population growth, urbanisation is relatively shrinking up to a
rescaled distance of ~ 20km (using London as a reference) on average across Europe between 2006 and2012. This contrasts with further expansion and increase in artificial land use, beyond a rescaled distance of~ 20km. Grouping cities based on population, highlights that ALU in the largest cities (population > 1.5
million) is on average flattening around the core but upward sloping at distances around the periphery.
Cities with a population below 100,000 are upward sloping on average across all distances to the CBD. We
explore these changes focusing on similarities between cities by disentangling the role of city size. Ourfindings have important implications relative to the sustainability of cities as this evidence is pointing toincreasing urban sprawl and stagnant growth in urban centres across cities of all sizes. It also bears
theoretical implications on the nature of sprawl and its scaling with city size.

Circularities and proximities within resource valuation systems: insights from territory-based initiatives in
the forestry sector
Mr Jonathan Lenglet1, Dr Véronique Peyrache-Gadeau2, Ms Julie Dorioz3
1

Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, UMR LADYSS, Paris, France & Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR
Silva, Nancy, France, 2Université de Savoie, Laboratoire EDYTEM, Le Bourget du Lac, France, 3GIP Ecofor, Paris, France

S21-S1 Circularities and proximities: stakeholders, scales, ressources, UdL_Room 106, August 28, 2019, 11:00
AM - 1:00 PM
Society’s aspirations for new forms of consumption and practices go along with responsibility with regard to
consumption and the eco-efficiency of products and production processes. Both societal expectations andnew local development strategies aim at promoting economic and resource management at a territorial
level – notably in terms of circuits shortening – as it has been extensively studied in the case of local agrifood systems. However, comparable expectations also raise within the forestry sector and remain scarcely
documented.
241

We here seek to combine diverse approaches from the fields of territorial economics and circular economy
in order to analyze the valuation processes of forest-wood resources. We notably focus on timber valuation
through certification, labeling and local value chain creation in three French and Swiss regions. We propose
to analyze the construction process of the various type of values for forest products within the field of thecircular economy; i.e. the valuation of the resource rootedness from the production system and throughout
the life-cycle of the product. To this end, we explore the valuation mechanisms in the case of localized
forest-wood resources and we investigate the links between timber provenance and consumption madevisible by labeling programs.
Labels, certifications, and short supply chain appear to be useful tools to strengthen the territorial
coordination between different types of actors, which is often lacking in the forestry sector. Hence, weespecially stress the role played by geographical and organized proximities between different actors andresources in constructing new forms of production and consumption systems through local timber valuationand short-circuits. In our view, the analysis of the valuation process in its broadest sense offers fertile
prospects to enrich the short and proximity circuits approach. First, it is presented as a relevant means topromote production and consumption relocation, then it also turns out to be a pragmatic analyticalframework to clarify the conditions under which resources can be sustainably valued.

The regional socio-economic impact of the 4th industrial revolution
Prof. Roberta Capello1, Prof. Camilla Lenzi1
1

Politecnico Di Milano - Department Of Architecture, Built Environment And Construction Engineering, Milan, Italy

S11-S2 The regional socio-economic impact of the 4th industrial revolution
UdL_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The regional socio-economic impact of the 4th industrial revolution
The so-called 4th industrial revolution (or Industry 4.0) is expected to lead societies and economies to adapt
and to undertake pervasive, if not disruptive, transformations. These transformations, however, raise
imperative alarms about the substitution effect of the new technologies with respect to labour and the risksof the so-called technological unemployment because of “functions – and tasks within functions – at risk of
automation” (Goos et al., 2014; Nedelkoska and Quintini, 2018).
Differently from previous technological revolutions, however, the present one implies an increasing
automation not only of routine tasks but also of non-routine ones, having thus the potential oftransformative, if not, disruptive effects on the economy and the society through the impact on whole setsof sectors and occupations (Frey and Osborne, 2017).
The pervasiveness of such effects, therefore, requires a deep understanding of the mechanisms enabling totake advantage of the opportunities opened by the new technologies (i.e. the maximization of the economic
benefits in terms of productivity and growth,) while minimizing the social costs that may arise in terms ofrestructuring of the labor market, possible unemployment growth and widening social and spatial
inequalities.
The present paper offers a conceptual reflection on the territorial dimension of such processes, which has
only recently received some attention (Autor and Dorn, 2013; OECD, 2018). By empirically reviewing theadvancement of the penetration of technological transformations in European regions, the paper will
discuss the territorial mechanisms favouring the emergence of the new technologies in specific places andwill identify the territorial assets favouring the creation and diffusion of these technologies. These
reflections will help framing the scientific and policy debate about the potential impact of the current
technological revolution on jobs and productivity.
References
Autor D. and Dorn D. (2013) “The growth of low-skill service jobs and the polarization of the US labormarket” American Economic Review 103(5): 1153-1597
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Frey C.B. and Osborne M.A. (2017) “The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs tocomputerisation?”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114(C), 254-280
Goos M., Manning A., Salomons A. “Explaining job polarization: Routine-biased technological change andoffshoring”, American Economic Review, 104(8): 2509-2526
Nedelkoska L. and Quintini G. (2018) “Automation, skills use and training” OECD Social, Employment andMigration WP N 202
OECD (2018) Job creation and local economic development: Preparing for the future of work, OECD
Publishing, Paris.

Firm soundness and knowledge externalities: a comparative regional analysis
Prof. Nadine Levratto1, Dr. Giuseppe Arcuri1, Dr. Aziza Garsaa2, Dr. Lara Abdel Fattah3
1

Economix, Cnrs, University Paris Nanterre, Nanterre Cedex, France, 2ICN , Nancy, France, 3Notre Dame University ,Beyruth, Lebanon

G08-O3 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper investigates the role of regional context with regard to human capital and knowledge spillover
effects in SMEs’ financial soundness. Our empirical setting is based on the multilevel analysis for panel data,
which better allows for the treatment of hierarchical data. It is applied to firms belonging to the industrial
sector and operating in four European countries over the 2010–2015 period. We find that a combination ofindividual- and regional-level characteristics explain firm soundness more accurately than individualfeatures alone. Furthermore, we find that a higher local educational level and knowledge spillover improve
the firm soundness.

What type(s) of innovation(s) are produced in small cities? The case of agrifood SMEs from Occitanie(France)
Ms Rachel Levy1, Mr Geoffroy Labrouche1
1

Lereps, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France

G21-O3 Innovation and Entrepreneurship
UdL_Room 106, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The literature classifies agrifood as a low R&D intensive sector. Empirical studies show that firms in this
sector incorporate resources from other sectors as their main source of R&D. However, literature on
innovation by SMEs underlines the difficulties to access to various resources for SMEs and particularly in arural territory context. The objective of this article is to understand which types of innovation are producedby agrifood SMEs localized in small cities. The analysis is based on the main determinants of innovation in
non-metropolitan area. We focus especially on demand-side factors (opportunities) and supply-side factors(resources, capacities of individuals, attitudes). We also propose a typology of innovation produced in thesesmall cities (radical vs. incremental, open vs. closed, eco-innovation…). In order to achieve this objective, we
propose case studies of 15 innovations developed by several agrifood SMEs located in five small cities insouthwest of France. We conducted semi-directive interviews in 9 firms. The choice of a qualitative
methodology stems from the fact that they are particularly well adapted to cases embedded in a singular
context and thus linked in particular to the characteristics of its environment. The cities were selectedaccording to the size and function criteria that characterize small cities. Located in these cities we choseinnovative firms belonging to the agrifood sector. The interview guide included three sets of questions, partof which focused on the company's innovation practices. The treatment of the interviews is processed using
243the Nvivo software. First, all the transcripts were coded. This coding was done in two stages thanks to a firstcoding phase a priori and a second phase of a posteriori coding. The first codification sought to identify
verbatim relating to innovative practices. In a second step, the transcripts were coded again with aposteriori coding schemes to characterize each innovation. The exploratory study that emerges from thefirst coding phase allows us to confirm the specific nature of innovation processes in small cities, particularlyin the agrifood sector, and to emphasize the crucial role of local business support policies, the personality ofentrepreneurs and the capability to open the innovation process in order to access resources relying outside
the boundaries of the firm.

Closer cities and distant space: a new geographical time-space map of Europe
Dr. Alain L'hostis1
1

LVMT, UMR-T 9403, École des Ponts, IFSTTAR, UPEM, Champs-sur-Marne, France, Champs-sur-Marne, France

S29-S1 Mapping flows, movements and cities networks at a European level
MILC_Room 309, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
We propose a geographical time-space model extending time-space relief cartography introduced by
L'Hostis and Mathis (Mathis, Polombo, et L’Hostis 1993; L’Hostis 1996, 2009). The novelty of the model
resides in the use of cones to describe the terrestrial surface instead of graph faces, and in the use of curves
instead of broken segments for edges. The approach lies a the intersection of two domains involving graphic
representation: cartography, and three dimensional computer graphics.
We implement the model on the European space. The European geographical time-space of the reference
year 2014 is produced by the combination and the confrontation of the fast air transport system and of the
7.5 times slower road transport system. Slower, short range flights are represented as curved lines above
the earth surface with longer length than the geodesic, in order to account for a slower speed. The very
steep slope of cones expresses the relative difficulty of accessing terrestrial time-space, as well as thecomparably extreme efficiency of long-range flights for moving between cities. Finally, the whole image
proposes a coherent representation of the geographical time-space where fast city to city transport iscombined with terrestrial transport systems that allow to reach any location but at a much slower speed.

Neighborhood effects in aggregate consumption: evidence from Brazil
Ms Denise Li1, Prof. André Chagas1
1

Department of Economics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

G24-O3 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper studies neighborhood effects in consumption behavior using consumption survey data ofhouseholds from the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The data has disaggregated information about the expenses of
3,120 households surveyed between 2008 and 2013. We also have access to the exact address of all
families, which helped us to define more precisely household's peer group based on geographical proximity.
To address endogeneity problems typical of peer effect studies due to the simultaneous presence ofcontextual and correlated effects, we use an adapted spatial autoregressive model. However, this type ofmodel imposes specific network structure to the data (such as observation of intransitive triads, i.e.,“neighbors of neighbors who is not neighbors themselves”). As an alternative identification strategy, we use
an instrumental variable fixed effects approach. An ideal instrument for peer’s consumption expenditure isexogenous variation in idiosyncratic expenditure shocks faced by peers. To overcome our lack of data about
these shocks, we propose the use of an instrument created by exploiting variation in the excess demand for244

public childcare across age cohorts within São Paulo’s neighborhoods. The same instrument was used tofind a positive effect of childcare use on maternal employment. We consider that the probability ofobtaining a public daycare slot affects a household's consumption expenditure but does not directly affecttheir peers' consumption expenditure. The relevance of the research question for the correct evaluation of
consumption intervention programs or of other policies that can have indirect spillover effects motivatedmany recent studies. Mainly due to data restriction, there still is space in the literature for contribution,
which depends on the availability of new data and creative identification strategies to overcome theendogeneity problems. This study is unique for the Brazilian case, and the results contribute to theunderstanding of consumption network effects in less developed countries.

Spain’s internal market integration
Dr. Carlos Llano1, John Forth2, Santiago Pérez-Balsalobre1, Ana Rincón-Aznar2
1

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España, 2National Institute for Economic and Social Research, London, UK

G08-O5 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The evaluation of the Single European Market requires a better knowledge of the level of integration both
between and within the EU countries. While some institutions are pushing towards greater integration
between the EU countries themselves, some others may be introducing -on purpose or collaterallyadditional barriers to economic interaction within a given EU country. Several reports have denunced a highlevel of market fragmentation within Spain, mainly due to legal measures adopted by regions andmunicipalities. With the objective of deepening the integration of the internal market Spain approved theLaw 20/2013 of 9 December on the Guarantee of Market Unity, which has been subject to critizism, mainly
after the Spanish Constitutional court declared null one of the key provisions in June 2017. In this context,
the aim of this paper is to study whether regional borders influence the pattern of commercial transactions
across Spain. For this purpose, we depart from the border-effect literature, which offers a valuable basis fordiscussion, since it allows us to quantify the higher intensity of trade within a certain spatial unit incomparison with the intensity in other markets. Our empirical analysis covers a large time period (19952015), considering product specific flows between the Spanish regions (Nuts 2) and between them and themain countries. Our results suggest the presence of heterogeneity for the home-bias both at the spatial andsectoral level, finding in general high levels of integration, but also exceptions for certain regions andproducts.

EU structural funds and manufacturing productivity in the South of Italy (2007-2013)
Mr Andrea Locatelli1, Mr. Guido De Blasio1, Dr. Giuseppe Albanese1
1Bank of Italy, , Italy

S69-S1 The spatial dimension of productivity (OECD Spatial Productivity Lab Special Session)
IUT_Room 101, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In this paper we analyze the impact of EU cohesion funds on the TFP of Italian manufacturing firms between
2007 and 2013 (i.e., the years of the economic crisis). We focus in particular on the firms based in theregions of the South and Islands of the country (i.e., in the so-called “Mezzogiorno”). In order to do this, we
use firm-level total factor productivity (“TFP”) data from the work by Emanuele Ciani, Andrea Locatelli andMarcello Pagnini (“TFP differentials across Italian macro-regions: an analysis of manufacturing corporations
between 1995 and 2015.” Bank of Italy, Occasional papers no. 438, 2018), we aggregate it into a tfp
measure at local labor market (LLM) level and we finally merge the productivity dataset with data on EU245

cohesion policy support, available at the aggregate level from the OpenCoesione website(https://opencoesione.gov.it/it/). As in Ciani-Locatelli-Pagnini, we explore different estimates of total factor
productivity based on alternative measures of the production inputs: in particular, tfp is estimated using,alternatively, the number of employees or the cost of labor for the labor input, and the fixed-asset values
from balance sheet data or an estimate obtained with the perpetual inventory method for the capital input.
In order to identify the causal effect of the EU cohesion funds on firms’ productivity, we follow the strategy
proposed by Emanuele Ciani and Guido De Blasio ("European structural funds during the crisis: evidence
from Southern Italy." IZA Journal of Labor Policy 4.1 (2015): 20) using machine-learning techniques to selectwhich controls to include in our regressions from a large set of time invariant local labor market
characteristics interacted with linear and quadratic time trends. Our preliminary estimates seem to suggestthat the impact of EU cohesion funds on tfp was at most modest, with significance varying depending on the
choice of input data used to estimate tfp (which is coherent with the findings by Julia Bachtrögler andChristoph Hammer. "Who are the beneficiaries of the structural funds and the cohesion fund and how does
the cohesion policy impact firm-level performance?." OECD Working Papers ECO/WKP(2018)47). In the restof the analysis we propose to investigate in which way the funds have impacted on the dynamics ofaggregate productivity via a change in the average productivity of firms vis-à-vis through a reallocation of
production inputs in favor of more productive firms (in the spirit of the dynamic Olley-Pakes decomposition
proposed by Marc Melitz and Sašo Polanec in "Dynamic Olley‐Pakes productivity decomposition with entry
and exit." The Rand journal of economics 46.2. 2015).

Understanding the variability of daily mobility from GPS data: exploratory analysis from a sample of Lyon
university community
Mr Antoine Lohou1, Dr Louafi Bouzouina1
1Laet, Vaulx En Velin, France

S16-S1 Students, University and the City: Location Choice and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

The impact of the Centre West Fund (FCO, Brazil) on employment and income: evidence from Spatial
Regression Discontinuity
Mr Júlio César Lopes1, Dr Leonardo Monasterio1,2
1

Universidade Católica De Brasília (UCB), Brasília, Brasil, 2Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas e Aplicadas (IPEA), Brasília,Brasil

G04-O4 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The 1988 Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil created the Constitutional Financing Funds (FCF)
to reduce regional inequalities through financing productive activities at subsidized rates in the North,
Northeast and Centre West regions of the country. These funds receive three percent of the total taxes on
income and industrialized products, with the Northeast region accounting for 60% of this amount and theremainder divided equally between the Centre west and the North. Low human development indicators ofthese regions in relation to the South and Southeast of the country, associated to the precariousness of
infrastructure and distance of the great economic centers, result into less competitiveness and greaterdifficulty to develop productive activities in these regions. The proposal to subsidize productive activities forthese regions is based on the recognition of these obstacles to their development. FCF these obstacles,246

increasing competitiveness, lowering the cost of capital, attracting investments and allowing rural producers
and local entrepreneurs to expand their activities.
Three decades have passed since the creation of FCF and several studies have evaluated their impacts froma regional perspective. This paper seeks to contribute to the literature through the application of the Spatial
Regression Discontinuity model to evaluate the effectiveness of the FCF to Centre West region (FCO) interms of generating employment and formal income at the municipal scale. The study exploits thediscontinuity the geopolitical frontier that separates the Centre West and South and Southeast regions of
the country as identification strategy.
In general, our results suggest that municipalities that received FCO funds witnessed fewer job growththan those who did not. Furthermore, there is some evidence that FCO led to increases on income ofCentre West municipalities.

The Immediate Effects of the Brexit-Referendum on Regional Growth in the UK
Prof. Bart Los1, Ms. Sarina van Doorn1
1

University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

G10-O3 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
How have economic growth rates in the regions of the UK (defined at NUTS1 and NUTS2 levels) been
affected by the outcome of the Brexit referendum?
Proponents of Brexit have repeatedly argued that the negative consequences of the referendum outcome
as predicted by most economists have been overstated. They refer to the fact that UK growth remained at
levels comparable to its pre-referendum pace. Many economists, however, mentioned that postreferendum economic growth in other G7 countries has been considerably more rapid than in the UK. To
resolve this disagreement, one should come up with a useful and plausible "reference scenario".
Born et al. (2017) and Springford (2019) have adapted the Synthetic Control Method (SCM. introduced by
Abadie and Gardeazabal, 2003) to this end. They compare the post-referendum growth performance of the
UK economy to the performance of a "lookalike". This lookalike consists of a linear combination of othercountries (that were not hit by the referendum shock). A regression-based algorithm ensures that the
lookalike had a growth performance very similar to the UK before the referendum, and/or had a very similar
performance in terms of determinants of growth. According to Springford (2019), the UK economy was
about 2.3% smaller in September 2018 than its lookalike.
The economic performance of UK regions is very heterogeneous, as stressed by McCann (2016), and several
researchers are afraid that the consequences of Brexit will mainly hurt already lagging regions (Chen et al.,2018). To see whether economic uncertainty and lowered business and consumer confidence have affected
UK regions differently, we construct SCM-lookalikes for these regions and study the differences between
the regional GDP growth rates of the regions and these lookalikes for the one year and a half after thereferendum. The data are from Eurostat.
Abadie, A. and J. Gardeazabal (2003), "The Economic Costs of Conflict: A Case Study of the Basque Country",
AER 93(1), 113–132.
Born, B., G. Muller, M. Schularick and P. Sedlacek (2017), "The Economic Consequences of the Brexit Vote",
CESifo Working Paper 6780, Munich.
Chen, W., B. Los, P. McCann, R, Ortega-Argiles, M. Thissen and F. van Oort (2018), "The Continental Divide?
Economic Exposure to Brexit in Regions and Countries on Both Sides of The Channel", PiRS 97(1), 25-54.
McCann, P. (2016), The UK Regional–National Economic Problem: Geography, Globalisation and
Governance. Routledge.
Springford, J. (2019), "The Cost of Brexit to September 2018", CER Insight, London.
247

Unfair play: The politics of Turkey’s central government spending under AKP rule.
Prof. Melani Cammett1, Dr. Davide Luca2, Dr. Ernest Sergenti3
1

Harvard University, , USA, 2Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 3World Bank, Washington DC, USA

S22-S2 The politics of local and regional development
IUT_Room 303, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
A significant body of research has explored how developmental public goods are allocated for strategic
political reasons, beyond considerations of efficiency and equity. Most studies assume that the logic driving
government distribution is similar across goods. In line with current research on clientelism and distributive
politics, this paper relaxes this assumption. It explores patterns of central government spending on 10
distinct economic and social categories in Turkey from 2003 through 2014, when the ruling Justice andDevelopment Party (AKP) gained and consolidated its hold on power. Regression results demonstrate how
the central government systematically exploited the distribution of economic and social budget
expenditures for strategic purposes, e.g. by targeting AKP strongholds with significantly higher amounts ofgovernment expenditure on education and defense, while providing provinces where the electoral
battleground was closer with more locally, non-excludable, and irreversible goods. Provincial strongholds ofthe main opposition party, the Republican People’s Party (CHP), were the biggest losers, receiving thelowest amount of spending from the central government across most budget subcategories.

Hosting to skim. Organized crime and the reception of asylum seekers in Italy.
Dr. Davide Luca1, Dr. Paola Proietti2
1

Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy

G17-O4 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Political crises and conflicts are pushing millions of asylum seekers towards the borders of Europe. This
paper draws on the case of Italy, and investigates the shadow impact of organized crime in influencing thegeography of reception centres, with the likely objective of skimming margins from the public resources
devoted to reception activities. We gather data on the location of reception centres and on the presence ofmafia across Italian municipalities. We exploit exogenous variation at municipal level to instrument mafia
intensity, and provide evidence of how the presence of mafia affects both the likelihood of hosting a
reception centre and the number of asylum seekers hosted. We then assemble an innovative dataset on
public procurement for the set–up and management of reception centres. Statistical evidence and in–depth
expert interviews suggest that the presence of organized crime is correlated to the use of direct
procurement procedures over open calls.

The Impact of Mining Activities on Regional Development – Evidence from Latin America in a Spatial
Econometric Framework
Mr Sebastian Luckeneder1, Mr Tamás Krisztin2, Mr Stefan Giljum1
1

Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU), Vienna, Austria, 2International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria

S35-S1 Recent Advances in Spatial Econometrics and Big Data
MILC_Room 310, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
248

The implications of metal ore extraction are an important topic in academic and policy debates. This work
investigates whether mining activities relate to the economic performance of mining regions and theirsurrounding areas. Usually, sub-national impact assessments of mining activities are conducted in the formof qualitative in-field case studies and focus on a smaller sample of mining properties and regions. In
contrast, we employ a Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) with heteroskedastic errors to provide a flexible
econometric framework to measure the impact of natural resource extraction. The study exploits a panel of
32 Mexican, 24 Peruvian and 16 Chilean regions over the period 2008 - 2015 and, in doing so, relates minespecific data on extraction intensity to regional economic impacts. The results suggest that mining intensity
does not significantly affect regional economic growth in both short-run and medium-run growth models.
Popular arguments of the mining industry that the extractive sector would trigger positive impulses forregional economic development cannot be verified. Rather, the findings support narratives that mining
regions do not benefit from their wealth in natural resources due to low labour intensity, loose links to local
suppliers and profit outflows.

Knowledge economy, firm networks and connectivity: methodological challenges in analyzing relational
dynamics in space and time
Silke Zöllner1, Dr. Stefan Lüthi1, Dr. Michael Bentlage2, Prof. Dr. Alain Thierstein2
1

Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Luzern, Switzerland, 2Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

S02-S2 Digital and spatial transformation: structures and relations in the knowledge economy
IUT_Room 404, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Knowledge has become the main source of creating value in advanced economies, so goes a widespread
agreement in academic literature. Based on the requirements for knowledge creation, firms in theknowledge economy usually develop their location network as part of their overall business strategy. The
result is a multi-faceted location network on different spatial scales that significantly affects – and in turn isshaped by – the knowledge economy. The interplay of localized factors – like qualified workforce – and nonlocalized variables determine the position of firms within wider networks of value creation. Comparing firm
networks and their locations twenty years ago and now, strategic changes are apparent. The Dotcom crisis,
the financial crisis and the exploding digital transformation intuitively make clear the following: (1) The
subject of analysis – networks of knowledge-intensive firms – changes its nature and character over time,
due to strategic reorientation and routinely adaption of their spatialised value chains. (2) The methodology
for to track and analyse inter-temporal changes of interlocking firm networks and localised value chains has
to reconsidered beyond standard panel data or time-series considerations. New forms of knowledge
creation generate new forms of the spatial organisation of knowledge processes. Information andtelecommunication technologies do not substitute for geographical proximity. We witness a complementary
relationship for the generation of firm-based knowledge: critical core processes focus on face-to-faceinteraction, while digital technologies support the standard activities of knowledge creation. The researchquestion is: what role does spatial and relational proximity play against the backdrop of significant changes
in creating knowledge and organising localised value chains? In the scientific literature, there are various
methodological approaches to investigate these changes from a relational perspective. There are qualitative
approaches, which look at the changes from the micro perspective of companies. There are approaches thatmeasure structural and network dynamics at the level of cities or regions with quantitative methods,
sometimes with the help of elaborate multivariate statistics. There are methods that primarily focus on
intra-firm location networks, others on extra-firm networks along the value chain. Based on the functional
logic of the knowledge economy and its requirement for knowledge creation, this paper evaluates themethodological challenges in analysing relational dynamics of firm networks in space and time. The paperargues for methodological triangulation that combines quantitative and qualitative methods, and raises249

concerns against the use of computations that are so elaborate that their results escape plausible
interpretation.

FDI Spillovers and Geographical Proximity - Evidence from Denmark
Ditte Håkonsson Lyngemark1, Ismir Mulalic2, Cecilie Dohlmann Weatherall3
1

Kraks Fond & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Danmark, 2Technical University of Denmark & Kraks Fond,
Copenhagen, Danmark, 3Kraks Fond, Copenhagen, Danmark

G08-O3 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Lately Denmark, like many other countries, has focused on attracting and sustaining foreign direct
investments (FDI) because FDI is seen as an important source to knowledge, growth and jobs. However,studies have found both negative and positive effects of FDIs on domestic firms’ productivity. Where
previous studies have investigated the vertical and horizontal spillover effects related to the sector, weanalyze geographical proximity and investigate how proximity to FDIs influence the total factor productivity(TFP) spillovers to domestic firms. We do this by employing a unique dataset on FDIs including Greenfield
Investments (GIs) and Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) in Denmark and a full population of geo coded
micro-level panel data for Danish firms. We find that it is important to take proximity into account whenestimating the relation between GIs and M&As on domestic firms’ TFP. Also, we find positive significant
correlations for vertical spillovers from both GIs and M&As on domestic firms’ TFP. For horizontal spillovers
from M&As, we see a negative relationship between fulltime employees in M&As and domestic firms’ TFP,
which could indicate a negative competition effect.

Do Cultural and Creative Industries Cluster? Case study of Catalonia
Ms Lina Maddah1, Dr. Josep Maria Arauzo Carod1, Dr. Fernando Lopez2
1

Universidad Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain, 2Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos
e Informáticos, Cartagena, Spain

G04-O9 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Anyone in the world would like to visit hub cities, whether it is Barcelona, Paris, Milan, London, New York orplaces as such. Those cities attract individuals and firms, leading to the formation of clusters in wide rangeof sectors: financial or other services, manufacturing, research and development, software, and manyothers. Clusters do benefit the economy; one general statement that has been concluded over the last
decades, leading researchers to figure out the spatial distribution of firms, the natural determinants and thepossibility for induced ones in response to the advantages and positive spin-offs that clustering in various
industries provides. The investigation of the spatial distribution of firms has thus always been of interest foreconomists and policy makers. Research in this area starts from identifying certain spatial patterns toproviding a range of rationalizations on their determinants or implications, which helps uncovering what is
hindered beyond the development of cities among other assorted economic and social phenomena. Suchstudies are still preliminary when it comes to Cultural & Creative industries, the field in which the interest inhas been growing in the last decade. An opening argument states that firms in CCIs locate in metropolitan
areas with urban preference or smaller regions that specialize in a certain relevant sector. The purpose ofthis study is to identify the spatial distribution preference and clustering, if any, of firms in CCIs from ageneral perspective and then at industry level, in Catalonia. Subsequently, determinants of the spatial
patterns and possible clusters uncovered will be analyzed. Probable determinants of such clusters can be250

access to other firms on industry level, consumer demand, agglomeration economies, or human capital. The
study uses firms’ data from Mercantile Register (SABI), and makes use of SatScan method for clusters'
identification. As well, count-data (CD) models will be used in order to identify location determinants of CCIs
firms.

Cultural and Creative Industries as Drivers of Employment Growth at Local Level
Ms Lina Maddah1, Dr. Josep Maria Arauzo Carod1
1

Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain

S69-S1 The spatial dimension of productivity (OECD Spatial Productivity Lab Special Session)
IUT_Room 101, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Our contribution to the ongoing discussion on the importance of cultural and creative industries (CCIs) forregional economic development is threefold. First, we investigate the impact of CCIs’ specialization on total
employment growth at municipality-level in Catalonia, using data from 2001 and 2011. This explicitly
inspects the issues of agglomeration economies from an empirical point of view. In Catalonia, to the best of
our knowledge, there is no study which investigates this issue on a local-level. This study is original in termsof the data used in the Catalan case, and the nature of the relationship under study. This provides an insighton the role of CCIs in the wider economy by focusing on the employment growth, which is a major concern
for policymakers amid uncertain labor market conditions and the need for policymaking intervention. The
Catalan case is of utmost interest in view that CCIs are of noticeable importance and, consequently, they arepotentially capable to help local economies. We focus on what is happening in small and medium peripheral
Catalan cities in addition to the capital, Barcelona, trying to identify and quantify how selected culturalactivities / infrastructures located there are contributing to economic growth of their respective areas.
Second, the study also marks out the spillovers of CCIs concentration to other economic activities asservices, manufacturing, construction and agriculture, which further clarifies the nature and degree of
influence of CCIs on diversified sectors that are major sub-components in the economy. Third, we direct thediscussion on CCIs to the economic geography dimension by taking into account a methodological input
using spatial econometric tools to account for spatial dependency and related concerns. This paper builds
on data from Catalan Statistical Institute (IDESCAT) and Spanish Statistical Institute (INE) and uses
econometric estimates and spatial analysis techniques to explore the impact on employment along with therespective spatial dynamics. Our first results corroborate our expectations in terms of cultural and creative
industries as growth drivers for the whole economy, based on the methodology and data we use.
Nevertheless, additional work is to be done in order to get consistent and complete results. The
specialization in CCIs has a positive impact on total employment growth for Catalan municipalities between
2001 and 2011. It is noticeable that these results lead to some important policy implications. Roughly, they
point to the relevance of public investments and public promotion of cultural and creative industries,
however we question the capabilities/dynamism generated by these industries in terms of spatial spillover
effects.

A Multi-disciplinary Synthesis of the Literature on Elderly Mobility: Where we Stand and What to Expectfrom Public Transport
Dr. Elena Maggi1, Ms Evangelia Pantelaki1, Dr. Daniele Crotti1
1

University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

S07-S1 Transportation and Mobility in an Ageing Society. Perspectives, Trends and Drivers
IUT_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
251

The demographic projections of the population in the OECD countries indicate that the share of the oldpeople will reach 25.1% in 2050 from 7.7% in 1950. There are a wide number of challenges to be faced by
the policy makers ranging from increased healthcare expenditures and pensions to consumer goods andservices for the elderly. Following the guidelines of the World Health Organization, active ageing has been
substituted from the approach of healthy ageing and searches for promotion and realization through the
Global Network of Age-friendly Cities and Communities. Out-of-home mobility constitutes an integrable partof healthy ageing and can be facilitated by the design of the transport system.
The issues evolving around elderly mobility are usually developed within specific disciplines, without any
integration with other approaches. Starting on this premise, on the best of our knowledge, this is the firstattempt to bring together the findings from transport economics, urban planning, medicine, geriatrics, andsociology. The aim of this study is to investigate the current state of knowledge about the effects of out-ofhome mobility on later age and the capacity of the public transport to provide any of these effects to theolder people. The multidisciplinary synthesis reveals that there is consensus between the disciplines studied
for the outstanding position of mobility in later life. Since it affects physical and mental health, many
diseases that are inextricable part of ageing can be prevented or postponed. Furthermore, it is recognizedthat the elderly who are more mobile may feel independent, can easier participate in community life andenjoy higher well-being and better quality of life. In the same time, public transport facilitates accessibility
to important activities and services, and supports social participation which can be valuable both for theindividual and society.
The paper highlights that the effects of public transport on older people’s lifeare not much studied andfurther empirical and theoretical contributions are needed. The existing evidence from the studied
disciplines uncovers that special attention should be given in keeping elderly mobile for as long as possible.
Moreover, it shows the plurality of the definitions used by the researchers to describe mobility and the lackof inclusive theoretical foundations.

Does economic complexity matter for job polarization? Evidence from the Italian local labor market.
Ms Federica Maggi1, Mr Giulio Bosio2, Ms Anna Maria Falzoni2
1

Istituto di Ricerche Economiche (USI), Lugano, Switzerland, 2Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy

G08-O2 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
During the last decades, a process of radical transformation has changed labor markets in developed
countries, challenging the process of occupational upgrading as well as the nature of jobs (Autor 2015; Goos
et al. 2009). More specifically, employment structure polarized, with a wane of routine occupations
accompanied by a simultaneous growth of abstract and manual occupations (the non-routine ones). This
process, defined as job polarization, implies a substantial change in the demand for task on the labormarket. The most accredited explanation related employment polarization with the diffusion of computerbased technology that allows to replace workers in the routine jobs (Goos et al. 2014).
On the other hand, globalization and international trade could reflect alternative forces able to challenge
the evolution in labor demand, both at national and local level. In this perspective, the role of economic
specialization as an engine of economic performance has been extensively debate in the empirical research,giving particular relevance to the economic complexity index (ECI) (Hausmann and Hidalgo, 2011). Thismeasure, considering the knowledge intensity of exported products, is useful to predict the economic
growth at the local level.
However, with few exceptions, job polarization has been investigated at the national level, while theempirical evidence for several European countries seem to suggest a relevant heterogeneity in the degreeof employment polarization both across industries and local areas.
252

In order to fill this gap, this paper investigates to what the economic complexity index matters in capturing
the relevant heterogeneity in the degree of job polarization across the local labor market in Italy. Focusing
on the period after the Great Recession (2009-2018), we examine if there is any nexus between economic
complexity and the job polarization in the Italian provinces. The aim of this research is to understandwhether more competitive provinces experienced a stronger polarization in their employment structure.
The lack of previous literature on this topic and the Italian context make for an interesting addition toexisting studies on this topic. Matching data at the province level (NUTS 3) for the exports (ISTAT- COEWEB)
and the Italian labor force survey (ILFS), we exploit a pseudo-panel approach in order to account forpotential unobserved heterogeneity at the provincial level. To further disentangle the influence ofsurrounding provinces, we also adopt a spatial approach that allows capturing spatial interdependencies
across local labor market and reflects a novelty in the literature on job polarization.

Digitalization and Scientific Publishing
Prof. Gunther Maier1, Dr. Francisco Rowe2
1

WU Wien, , Austria, 2University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

S53-S1 Breaking out of the Bubble - Teaching and Dissemination of Regional Science
UdL_Room 105, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In this paper we discuss the impact digitalization has had on scientific publishing. In recent decades
digitalization has revolutionized publishing in general and scientific publishing across three main domains.
First, digitalization changed the production process of scientific output. Nowadays, researchers use digital
instruments in the research analysis as well as in the final product - usually a "paper" - that they submit for
publishing. Second, digitalization changed the publishing industry and the business models of establishedpublishing companies. Today, the whole production process of the publishing industry is digital. But while
physical books, magazines, and newspapers are still important end products, scientific publications has
become increasingly available in digital form. This augmented availability has led to increased commercial
benefits through greater geographical reach, publishing speed and significant cost reductions, as well as
facilitating entrance to the market and creation of new services.
The third aspect is the development of new forms of scientific output. Until today, also in the digital world
most scientific output is published in the form of papers and books. As was the case with the invention of
the printing press in the 15th century, where printers sought to make their books look like handwritten,
scientific publishing today mimics the physical products from the past. This, however, limits the ways how
knowledge can be communicated. Digital media allow for much more illustrative and much more interactive
ways of communication, offering a unique opportunity to communicate scientific knowledge in a more
rapid, engaging and easy way. Utilizing these options, however, requires the development of tools andstandards and is much more challenging than converting a book or article into digital format.
In our paper, we will briefly discuss the first two aspects, but mainly concentrate on the third. We will
describe recent attempts in this field and discuss their relation to the already established instruments ofdigital scientific publishing. We will discuss the pros and cons of such standards and developments andspeculate about the impact they may have on scientific publishing and the publishing industry.

253

Attract firms and living the economic activity zones. New factors of territorial attractiveness: moving
toward lived-in EAZs
Prof. Muriel Maillefert1, Assistant Professor Catherine Mercier-Suissa2, Assistant Professor Céline Rivat3
1

Université Lyon 3, LYON, FR, 2Université Lyon 3, LYON, FR, 3Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, FR

S26-S1 Comparing local and regional development within and between countries – what information anddata is needed?
IUT_Room 202, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
A review of the literature focusing on the multiple territorial pull factors of EAZs shows that attractiveness isa multifaceted concept which can be measured through various means. While economic attractiveness puts
the focus on businesses, the concept of residential attractiveness focuses on the inhabitants of a given
geographic zone. In both cases, users of the zone – including business executives, employees, and residents– are receptive to the specific pull factors of the zone. Some factors may be user-specific. For instance,businesses may decide to migrate based on land costs, corporate tax regimes, and whether there is local
demand for their production, while residents will pay particular attention to real estate prices, as well as tothe quality of life and of infrastructure. However, all zone users will be receptive to new pull factors related
to sustainable development.
Today, an increasing number of EAZs welcome a mix of individuals, companies, and their employees. To
attract as diverse a population as possible, the developers of EAZs invest to create new co-working and coliving spaces, both cultural and commercial. The increased focus on sustainable development is an
opportunity for local stakeholders to re-think territorial development in a collaborative way.
We conducted a study of five EAZs east of Lyon. Albeit in close geographic proximity, these zones are
sufficiently different from one another to allow us to derive useful comparisons of their various
characteristics. Our comparative study enabled us to assess these zones based on the same criterias related
to their economic and social attractiveness. This study will serve as a useful decision-making tool to support
local authorities and developers of EAZs.

Regional effects of minimum wage policy in Poland
Dr. Aleksandra Majchrowska1, Dr. Pawel Strawinski1
1

University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland, 2University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

G05-O5 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The aim of the paper is to analyse the regional effects of minimum wage policy in Poland. The number of
research on the impact of minimum wage on employment and unemployment is enormous. Majority of theresults points to some small and negative impact of minimum wage growth on employment (for revision see
Neumark and Wascher, 2007 and Kuddo et al., 2015). The eventual disemployment effects are found forworkers with relatively low professional qualifications and low labour market experience. Uneven
distribution of workers with these characteristics across regions may result in the differences of the impactof minimum wage changes in regional labour markets. This problem may arise especially in the countries
where minimum wage policy is established at the national level and the differences between regions are
significant. In this paper we took Poland as an example of such a country. We use individual data from theStructure of Earnings Survey in Poland, published biannually by Central Statistical Office. The research
period covers the years 2008-2016.
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In the first step we analyse differences in the share of workers earning not more than 105% of minimum
wages across regions and the structure of minimum wage earners by both their characteristics andcharacteristics of their employers. In the second step we identify regions which may be particularly affectedby minimum wage changes (low-wage regions). In the third step we check the asymmetry of the effects ofminimum wage on employment across regions. We verify whether in low-wage regions, the national
minimum wage is too high when compared to local productivity and therefore harmful to employment
prospects. To account for possible spillover effects we add spatial dependencies to panel model. We
estimated both SAR and SDM models with contiguity matrix.
The results indicate that in the whole sample the impact of minimum wage is not significant for
employment. However in few regions the parameter is negative and significant. These are the least
developed, Eastern regions of Poland with low productivity and low average wage level. Moreover we foundthat relatively high minimum wage in these regions seems to increase the employment among the primeaged workers. Our results support the OECD recommendations for Poland: “Refrain from increasing theminimum-to-average wage ratio. Consider differentiating the minimum wage across regions depending on
local labor market conditions” (OECD, 2016).

Typology of urban vacant land
Ms Agnieszka Majorek1
1

University of Economics In Katowice, Katowice, Poland

G04-R1 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
A neglected area in the field of spatial economy is special type of space which is so-called urban vacant landor “empty space”. Though by definition, the physical space is infinitely large and has no boundaries, theenvironment of human life (including the cities) is divided into smaller fragments of space taking into
account various criteria of division, such as functions, types of land use, space perception of people, etc.
Selected fragments are assigned certain features, the distribution and mutual relations of which allow for
the interpretation of many socio-economic phenomena (including those taking place in the city). Nowadays,
the deficit of free space is increasingly recognized. It is pointed that out for space saving reasonable space
management (in accordance with the policy of sustainable development) are crucial because space istreated as a limited good. In relation to the above, the purpose of the article is to identify a special type ofspace which is the so-called urban vacant land or “empty space”.
Most studies have only focused on development space in the city to the detriment of urban vacant land.
Meanwhile, according to american research saw, that type of space covers on average as much as 15% of
space in 70 cities in the USA. The experience of many cities in highly developed countries suggests thaturban vacant land is a significant part of the urban landscape that can be re-used as part of local
development policy. Although they can be both a problem and potential for the city, few scientists take careof them. Knowledge about the genesis of their formation and characteristics is an important element ofbuilding urban policy. The paper focused on the typology of urban vacant land conducted on the basis ofliterature studies and own observations.

Economic sanctions and knowledge flows: Evidence from EU–Russian scientific collaboration during the
Ukraine crisis
Dr. Teemu Makkonen1, Dr. Timo Mitze2
1

University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland, 2University of Southern Denmark, Sonderborg, Denmark255

S17-S1 Geography of science and the spatial dimension of scientific activity
IUT_Room 201, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In response to the Ukraine crisis the EU has imposed restrictive measures against the Russian Federationfrom 2014 onward including travel bans, asset freezes and economic sanctions, which the RussianFederation has met with equal actions. The sanctions have been prolonged and likely to be extended further
until the situation is resolved. This has, according to recent studies, led to a significant decline in exports
between the EU and Russia slowing down GDP and employment growth in both sides of the dispute (EU andRussia). When it comes to the impacts of the sanctions on spatial knowledge flows in terms of international
EU–Russia cooperation, earlier papers on this topic have postulated that -while the sanctions might have anindirect negative impact in the long run, the contemporary political tensions have not yet influenced
scientific collaboration directly. Additionally, the overall increase in publishing outputs by Russian scholars
indicates the emergence of a real domestic funding contribution to science in Russia, which can potentiallysignal a decreased need for collaboration in EU-funded research projects. However, the issue has remained
unexplored empirically. Thus, we do not know whether these sanctions have an effect on the scientificcollaboration between EU and Russian researchers or not. The issue is explored here empirically throughrecent data on EU–Russian scientific collaboration (via data on scientific co-publishing) and difference-indifference analysis, where EU countries in Central and Eastern Europe serve as a comparison group to map
the evolution of cross-country scientific collaboration over time. Our empirical analysis may thus shed newlight on the role of political factors on the extent spatial knowledge flows as an essential research field in
Regional Science.

Beyond School trips and Acceptable trip distances for Children
Mr Punyabeet Sarangi1, Prof. Manoj Malayath2
1

Indian Institute Of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India, 2Indian Institute Of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas,
New Delhi, India

S16-S2 Students, University and the City: Location Choice and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Active transport and its significant association with health benefits, built environment and reducing
congestion & carbon emissions has gained a lot of attention over the last decade. In accordance, a separate
stream of literature, has specifically looked into the importance of active travel on the daily commuting,activity participation and escorting decisions in case of school trips of children. Very few studies have
explored the nature of trips taken by children other than school purpose and distances travelled by themfrom their place of residence. This has resulted in a paucity of information on children travel behavior. The
authors address these limitations by undertaking a study that examines the acceptable trip distance foractive and motorized modes in case of non-school trips as commute distance plays a major role in the
promotion of active modes. The second objective is to explore the influence of socio-demographic variables,out of home activity participation, and escorting person on the choice of mode (active vs motorized).
Data was collected using a questionnaire survey in March & April 2018 inside the IIT Delhi, India region. 263
households were approached out of which, 211 respondents obliged to fill the form. After screening out theincomplete survey forms and forms with no out-of-home activity participation other than school, 174
samples were considered for further analysis. The acceptable trip distance for non-school trips is thendetermined by fitting the cumulative plot of observed distance with various distributions. A KolmogorovSmirnov (KS) test goodness of fit measure indicates Log-Normal distribution as the best fit in both cases. A
value of 459 m and 2637 m was obtained for active and motorized mode respectively. In addition, a binary
logit model framework was undertaken to study the choice between active and motorized modes for the
purpose of participating in out-of-home non-school activities. It is observed that families with 4 or more256

members have a higher probability of driving their child rather than using active modes. Children of marriedscholars are more likely to undertake active trips than the kids of faculties and staffs. Families with 2 ormore school going children, are more likely to prefer active commuting in case of non-school trips which isin contrast to the general finding that presence of young children increases the likelihood of motorized
trips. These relevant findings may have a broader implication in the framing of policies that regulate andpromote sustainable modes.

Opportunity entrepreneurs and innovative ventures: are they really the fittest to survive?
Mr Paolo Malfitano1
1

Università Della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland

G21-O2 Innovation and Entrepreneurship
UdL_Room 106, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Previous literature about entrepreneurship and human capital theory suggests that opportunity
entrepreneurs are often individuals with a larger stock of knowledge, labour market experience andexpertise. Thus, they are more willing to succeed as business owners. On the other hand, individuals thatstart a new venture for the sake of pursuing a business idea, in case of lower than expected monetary
returns, might easily disengage from the start-up venture and choose a wage-earning job. Similarly,
innovation is often described as a favourable factor for firm survival, but in some cases, the newness of the
products could arise resistance to acceptance by the consumer, uncertainty and risk of failure. Most of theprevious studies positively correlate opportunity self-employment and innovative behaviour with longer
firm survival, but the results are ambiguous in some cases. Hence, this research aims to understand thedifferences in start-up survival, distinguishing between individuals that start a business in order to pursue anopportunity and individuals that are involved in a new venture because of necessity reasons. Additionally,
self-employment durations of individuals involved in innovative start-ups and in ventures that imitate
existing businesses are compared. Furthermore, this study investigates other crucial individual andcontextual features for firm survival, e.g. previous start-up experience and team size. The data set used is
the result of a harmonisation of five international data sets about start-up ventures located in the USA,
China, Sweden and Australia. All five projects started with screening a sample of representative adults to
identify those active in business creation. The first screening started in 1998, the last in 2009. Preliminary
results show that opportunity entrepreneurs are actually the fittest to survive, whereas results related toinnovative start-up survival are mixed. From a policy maker's perspective, it should be a notable issue
whether to support necessity or opportunity, imitative or innovative entrepreneurs through start-up
tutoring or incubators. Moreover, understanding other survival features could improve the economic
efficacy of entrepreneurial training programs. Finally, knowing more about firm survival might represent a
useful tool for financial investors, banks or venture capitalists who want to calculate expected returns on
their investment.

What do we know about poverty? Perceptions vs. Reality
Prof. Miki Malul1
1

ben gurion university , , ISRAEL

G15-O4 Segregation, Social and Spatial Inequalities
IUT_Room 205, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Relieving poverty is one of the important and complicated tasks in every society. Is the public aware ofpoverty-related data? Do people know who is considered as poor? Public awareness to the issue of poverty257

is crucial for pushing policy-makers to act. Using a survey-based experiment with a representative sample of751 Israelis, we found significant gaps between perceptions and reality regarding several measures ofpoverty. In fact, in most of the poverty indicators, 80% of the public estimations were inaccurate. We found,however, that 60% of the people understand that as the issue of poverty negatively affects the entire
society. We showed that perceptions of the poverty and perceptions regarding the reasons for poverty
affect people’s views about the need for poverty-reducing policy measures.

Growth, heterogeneous technological interdependence, and spatial externalities: Theory and Evidence
Dr. Miguel Manjon1, Dr. Oscar Martinez1, Dr. Karen Miranda2
1

University Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain, 2University Carlos II, Madrid, Spain

G11-O2 Spatial Econometrics
MILC_Room 310, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
We present a growth model with interdependencies in the heterogeneous technological progress, physicalcapital and stock of knowledge that yields a growth-initial equation that can be taken to the data. We thenuse data on EU-NUTS2 regions and a correlated random effects specification to estimate the resulting
spatial Durbin dynamic panel model with spatially weighted individual effects. QML estimates support ourmodel against simpler alternatives that impose a homogeneous technology and limit the sources of spatial
externalities. Likewise, our results indicate that rich regions tend to have higher ``unobserved productivity"
and are likely to stay rich because of the strong time and spatial dependence of the GDP per capita. Poor
regions, on the other hand, tend to enjoy ``unobserved productivity" spillovers but are likely to stay poor
unless they increase their saving rates.

What makes a city “smart”? Evidence from Belgian municipalities
Dr. Miguel Manjon1,2, Dr. Nathalie Crutzen2
1

University Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain, 2University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

S02-S1 Digital and spatial transformation: structures and relations in the knowledge economy
IUT_Room 402, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Despite the considerable amount of resources devoted to “smart city” initiatives, little is known about whatmakes a city more or less “smart”. We use survey data from Belgian municipalities to analyse thedeterminants of the “smartness of a city”, as measured by the assessment made by well-informed local
public officials. We find that only the economic and social-human capital factors are (positively) correlatedwith our “smartness” measure. This cast doubts on the effective role played by other factors, such as
governance- participation and transportation, identified as critical in the literature (as well as by local
governments and other stakeholders).

The effect of the 2012 Spanish labour law reform on regional employment
Miriam Marcen1, Dr. Rafael González-Val1
1

Universidad de Zaragoza, , Spain

G05-O1 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM

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Spain is characterized as a country with pronounced recessions and significant volatility in unemployment
rates. From 1998 to 2001, the average unemployment rate fell dramatically. Then, after a stable rate around
10% until 2004, there was detected another fall until 2007, but during the period known as the GreatRecession the rate has followed a very steep slope, reaching levels of almost 25%.
In this paper, we examine the effect on regional employment of the Spanish labour law reform passed in2012 to change substantial issues of the labour market. Among other things, the reform reduced dismissal
cost and the bargaining power of labour unions.
We use data from 50 Spanish provinces (NUTS III regions) from 1985 to 2018, considering the registerednumber of employees and the employment and unemployment rates. By using panel data models with fixed
effects, linear and quadratic region-specific time trends and other relevant control variables at the regional
level, our results reveal that the reform had a significant effect on regional employment.

Cultural Dilemmas in Migration
Dr. Miriam Marcen1, Marina Morales1
1

Universidad de Zaragoza, , Spain

G17-O2 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper studies the role of cultural differences on the choice of migrants’ destination country. In order toexamine this issue, we ran two separate analysis considering on the data concerning international migration
flow from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development statistics and data on internationalmigration stock obtained from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series International. Cultural differences
between the home and host-countries are measured for observable characteristics that reveal fertility,
marriage, and employment cultures among others. Results show a negative and statistically significant
relationship between cultural differences and migration flow. This relationship varies when the physicaldistance is considered pointing to a non-statistically significant effect of cultural differences for migration
flow among bordering (neighboring) countries. Interestingly enough, after considering migrant’s
heterogeneity in the analysis of migration stock, we detected that cultural differences matter in the location
decision depending on whether individuals reside in bordering or non-bordering countries. Our findings
suggest that cultural differences play a role in the destination country choice while trying to mitigate thecultural dilemma in migration.

Marginal Structural Models in the presence of multiple treatments, with application to the analysis ofexport promotion programs
Dr. Marco Mariani1, Dr. Chiara Bocci2, Professor Alessandra Mattei2, Professor Fabrizia Mealli2
1

IRPET Regional Institute for the Economic Planning of Tuscany, Florence, Italy, 2Dept. of Statistics, Computer Science,
Applications “G. Parenti” - University of Florence, Florence, Italy

S51-S1 Counterfactual methods for regional policy evaluation: Policies for firms
IUT_Room 304, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Marginal structural models (MSMs) enjoy wide popularity with methodological and applied scholars. Underappropriate sequential ignorability assumptions that address the issue of dynamic confounding, MSMs
allows to analyze longitudinal, observational studies characterized by repeated treatment over time and to
recover the causal effects of the treatment sequences of interest. Surprisingly, the approach based on MSM
has not yet been generalized to settings with longitudinal, multivalued treatments, e.g. with multiple
259

discrete or even continuous treatments. Our paper aims to start to fill the gap. We generalize theassumptions needed to identify causal effects in longitudinal settings characterized by the possibility of therepeated intake of multiple discrete treatments. We adopt a MSM approach and we show how the effects
of interest can be estimated using inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting. We apply our approach tothe analysis of a real Italian case study of export promotion policy. The program consists of the provision ofmultiple services and aids by specialized agencies, including consultancy, support to the participation ininternational fairs and business-to-business meetings, of which firms can take advantage either
simultaneously or at different moments in time.

Stated and revealed preference for ageing in place in Milan
Dr. Mina Akhavan1, Prof. Ilaria Mariotti1, Prof. Aleid Brouwer2
1

Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, 2University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

S07-S2 Transportation and Mobility in an Ageing Society. Perspectives, Trends and Drivers
IUT_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
One of most pressing challenges related to contemporary urban living is certainly the progressive ageing of
population at the global level, and particularly in high-income countries. The ageing of the population
causes structural problems for e.g. the finance of care or ageing in place. The current generation of people
turning old is healthier, more highly educated and more active than any previous generation. The profile ofelders, their background and preferences play a key role in shaping their decisions in terms of mobility.
One of the main aspects improving the quality of life of elderly is “mobility”, which encompasses different
dimensions of urban life that include housing, transportation, work-related activities and social interactions.
Indeed, mobility is better able to capture the relentless changes that accompany urban life. Mobility refers
to the ensemble of decisions related to moving from one place to another with the help of transport
network and services.
Within this context, the present paper aims at investigating the mobility habits and preferences of elderly
people living in the city of Milan, in order to ageing in place. Currently Milan has no comprehensive strategy
for facing the challenges of the ageing of its population. Besides, little is known about the transportation
patterns of elderly residents of Milan, their actual use of public transport and the perceived barrier toaccess.
goes certainly in the direction of improving the movement of older people through the city. To reach theaim of the present paper, the results of a survey addressed to elderly living in the city of Milan in the years
2018-2019 are presented in three neighbourhoods characterized by a large share of people aged over 65.
These results proxy the stated preferences of the interviews, while the revealed preferences come from an
in-depth analysis of the neighbourhood in terms of services supply, Local public transport accessibility,
quality of public spaces, etc.

The Location of Coworking Spaces in Urban vs. Peripheral Areas
Prof. Ilaria Mariotti1, Dr. Mina Akhavan1
1

DAStU-Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

S08-S2 New working spaces, digital transformations and peripheral areas
IUT_Room 408, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
With a rising globalization of the economy and society, the ICT revolution, the new industrial revolution andthe makers’ movement, and the current economic downturn, working is becoming less dependent on
distance, location and time. These are some of the reasons that have fostered the development and260diffusion of new workspaces like coworking spaces. Although this is a new phenomenon, scholars fromvaried disciplines – geography, sociology, urban planning, business, management, etc.- are showing interestin studying different aspects related to their spatial characteristics, socio-economics patterns, and effects on
the urban context. Contributing to the existing literature, this paper aims at exploring the location
determinants of coworking spaces, an issue that has been neglected by the literature. By focusing on the
549 CS located in the 103 Italian provinces Italy at the year 2018, the paper aims to investigate the location
factors pulling the coworking and the attractiveness of large cities as well as of peripheral and inner areas.
The results of the descriptive statistics and econometric analysis underline that this is mainly a urban
phenomenon because coworking are knowledge intensive places for creative people. Specifically, the
NUTS3 provinces showing higher urbanisation economies, innovation, and an higher share of skilled labourare privilege locations. Besides, it is discussed whether coworking spaces may contribute in fostering thedevelopment of peripheral and Inner Areas in Italy.

Planning and Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans: Parallel Orbits or Incompatible Paths?
Dr. Maria Markatou1, Professor Konstantinos Lalenis
1

University Of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

G16-O4 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans are strategic plans aimed at meeting urban mobility needs for a better
quality of life. They claim to “build” on existing planning practices and taking into account the principles ofintegration, participation and evaluation. With the term "existing planning practices", it is obviously meant
the existing urban planning system, which expresses the basic way of implementing urban planning policy, isthe most basic tool for the regulation of the urban, peri-urban and extra-urban space at the level ofsettlement, city or urban planning complex and aims at the rational organization of the space based on theprinciples of urban planning science. Consequently, the interaction between urban planning and sustainableurban mobility plans is obvious and self-evident, to the extent that it is now necessary to promote combined
and integrated design and planning practices. However, to what extent “combined and integrated design
and planning practices” are satisfied in Greece and in a city like Larissa, which has its own urban plot andplanning system for many years now and is implementing its own Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan now?
The paper that follows analyzes the basic directions of the Larissa’s Urban Mobility Plan and aims at
developing a first kind of assessment in relation to whether the plan has achieved its main objectives andhow it interacts with the existing urban planning plot and system. First results show emphasis is given to“alternative and more environmentally friendly kinds of circulation" and the emergence of the"neighborhood" as the main spatial scale of reference. The plan tries to manage the traffic issue of the city
center, while it doesn’t interact with the existing urban planning. In addition, it doesn’t take into accountthe static but also the dynamic spatial dimension of land uses. However, the networking of importantfunctions - service providers is not a priority (public services, education, health sectors) and, as a general
conclusion, the plan doesn’t serve the principle of integration neither guarantees the universal access tobasic destinations and services. The paper argues that the plan could be improved by introducing a"bottom-up" design process, incorporating elements of the new and emerging agenda of "urban problems"(e.g. resilience targets) and moving away from the unification of "embellishment" and face the real city.
Those should be the priorities of the so called “combined and integrated design and planning practices”,
which are now missing.

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How Innovative is the Agricultural Sector in OECD Countries?: Evidence from Patent Records at Country
Level
Dr. Maria Markatou1
1

University Of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

G21-O1 Innovation and Entrepreneurship
UdL_Room 106, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Agriculture has been the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming ofdomesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. Modern agronomy, plant
breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have sharply
increased yields from cultivation. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have
similarly increased the output of meat. Genetically modified organisms are widely used, although they arebanned in several countries. Over one-third of the world's workers are employed in agriculture, second only
to the service sector, although the number of agricultural workers in developed countries has decreased
significantly over the past several centuries. In the past century, agriculture has been characterized byincreased productivity, the substitution of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides for labor, water pollution, andfarm subsidies. Innovation is very important in the agricultural sector. For example the growth of organic
farming has renewed research in alternative technologies such as integrated pest management, selective
breeding, and controlled-environment agriculture, while recent mainstream technological developments
include genetically modified food.
In that context, the paper studies and measures the output of agricultural innovation in the OECD area.
Results are based on patent records and their use as indicators of innovation output. The paper is
structured as follows: Section one is the introductory part of the paper, where the theoretical and empiricalframework of innovation in relation to competitiveness, development and growth is discussed. Section twocomprises of two parts: The first part defines the term agricultural innovation; the second provides
arguments for and against the use of patent data for the measurement of sustainable (eco) innovation
output, ending up to the conclusion that patent data may be considered and accepted to be good andreliable indicators of innovation output. Section three describes the data that has been used and themethodology that has been followed for this study, which relies on defining “agricultural” patents andsearching for them, focusing on the relevant patent codes. Section four describes the research results.
Section five synthesizes and further discusses the results also tracing for changes in trends and behaviour inboth the entrance or exit of “agricultural” kinds of innovation and their relative importance. The paper also
provides evidence of the high or low concentration of innovation output in relation to their respective
technological and industrial sectors. Finally, section six presents the main conclusions of the paper.

Behaviour of wine demand in Portuguese regions
Prof. Vítor João Pereira Domingues Martinho1,21Agricultural School ESAV), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), Viseu, Portugal, 2Centre for Transdisciplinary Development
Studies (CETRAD), Vila Real, Portugal

G23-O1 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM

262

The wine markets have, in general, specific behaviours which makes it difficult to analyse them, namely inour days, where there are many information and many factors to take into account. In fact, the wine
markets are very diverse and sometimes it is difficult to predict the reaction from the consumption toendogenous and exogenous shocks. In these cases, often, the most problematic is the definition of adjusted
prices. In this way, the main objective of this work is to analyse the sales and the prices of still wine from thePortuguese wine regions, considering data from the Portuguese Wine Institute (IVV), since the first quarterof 2014 until the first quarter of 2017. On the other hand, taking into account data envelopment analysis,
they were obtained optimized prices based on approaches of technical efficiency. The results show thatconsidering the domestic demand structure for the Portuguese still wine (in the recent years), 4 euros/litre
in the Alentejo region is adjusted because the great volume of wine sold. The same happens for the Algarve
region taking into account the reduced dimension of the sales (12.5 euros per litre). However, the remain
Portuguese wine regions need to improve significantly their prices to become more efficient in the use of
the resources available, because are, in general, smaller regions with more reduced volume of sales. The
case that deserves more concerns is the Portuguese region Beiras (original prices of 1.961 euros). The
contexts verified, for example, for the regions Douro and Minho are less preoccupant, considering someproximity between the original and the optimized prices. There is, indeed, some work to do, namely, in thesmaller regions to improve the quality and, consequently, improve the prices. The specialization and thecustomization taking advantage from the new market tendencies could be an interesting approach for thesePortuguese regions with great endogenous richness.

Acknowledgments: This work is financed by national funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência eTecnologia, I.P., under the project UID/Multi/04016/2019. Furthermore we would like to thank the Instituto
Politécnico de Viseu and CI&DETS for their support.
Acknowledgments: This work is supported by national funds, through the FCT – Portuguese Foundation for
Science and Technology under the project UID/SOC/04011/2019.

Contributions from the wine sector for the rural development
Prof. Vítor João Pereira Domingues Martinho1,21Agricultural School (ESAV), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), Viseu, Portugal, 2Centre for Transdisciplinary
Development Studies (CETRAD), Vila Real, Portugal

G23-O2 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Promote sustainable rural development is a great challenge for the several stakeholders, namely for thepolicymakers and the public institutions. In fact, in the rural zones it is not, often, easy, namely, to create
employment and promote dynamic in the economic activities. In these contexts, the agricultural sector and,specifically, the wine productions have a determinant contribution for the rural development in several
parts of the world. In this context with the research here presented it is intended to survey the literature
about the contributions from the wine sector for the rural development. For that, it was analysed several
documents obtained from the Web of Science (for the topics: wine sector; rural development) and exploredthrough the VOSviewer software. Of stressing, in the relationships between the wine sector and the ruraldevelopment, the importance of aspects as those related with the wine tourism, the innovation, thelandscape preservation, the sustainability, the new technologies and the terroir.
Acknowledgments: This work is financed by national funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência eTecnologia, I.P., under the project UID/Multi/04016/2019. Furthermore we would like to thank the Instituto
Politécnico de Viseu and CI&DETS for their support.
263

Acknowledgments: This work is supported by national funds, through the FCT – Portuguese Foundation for
Science and Technology under the project UID/SOC/04011/2019.

How Does Internet Access Affect Regional Convergence?
Prof. Barbara Martini1, Prof. massimo giannini11

Univerità degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italia

G07-O6 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The ever-growing availability of internet access, especially from narrowband to broadband, shapes
individuals and households behaviour as well as socio-economic performance of communities. Individuals
and firms can access to a larger market to satisfy their needs. Moreover, thanks to the net, ideas and culture
spread freely among them, increasing human capital, social cohesion and labour productivity. This is
expected to boost growth process and to reduce inequality, both in communities and individuals. Empiricalstudies stress the positive effect of internet access in fostering local convergence and national performance.
The nexus is circular: if internet access fosters the growth process, hence increasing the standard of living,
more people and firms will be induced to adopt such a technology, triggering a virtuous multiplicative
effect.
Nonetheless such a circular nexus could operate in the opposite direction as well. Individuals who cannot
access to the net could be stacked in a “poverty trap” that increases inequality and slow the convergenceprocess.
Obviously, much part of the story is related to investments in internet coverage and its costs, and this adds
a policy implication to the question. If internet availability produces positive spill-overs, then national andlocal governments should implement policy actions targeted to make internet access as large and cheap as
possible. The Italian strategy for next generation access network, approved by the Council of Ministers in
March 2015, aims at developing a high-speed access network to maximise the take-up of an infrastructureable to guarantee services above 100 Mbps and to ensure the availability of services above 30 Mbps for all
by 2020. Italy adopted a national state aid scheme to support ultra-broadband in areas where market failure
is present.
But even when internet access is available, individuals could be able not to exploit it. According to the
Italian National Institute for Statistics (Istat) in 2016, about 57% of Italian households did not use internet
because of a lack in their skills. This opens to another way at perpetuating inequality among individuals andcommunities and calls for another policy action: the digital education.
The aim of the paper is to manage the questions in a whole view. By starting from a simple micro-foundedmodel of individual behaviour in choosing whether adopt internet - given social, economic andinfrastructural constraints – we investigate empirically such a choice by means of Italian data at Nuts2 andthe effect on the convergence process among Italian regions.

Resilience, specialization, human capital and spatial analysis. An unexplored relationshipProf. Barbara Martini1
1

Univerità degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italia

S40-S4 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The 2007 economic shock has affected Italian regions strongly, nevertheless with remarkable differencesamong them. The aim of the paper is not to analyses the economic impact of the crisis on regions but to264

investigate the determinant of regional resilience using a holistic approach and by exploring regional
specialization, economic structure and human capital. Moreover, a spatial analysis will be carried out inorder to explore the relationships among regions. Resilience is not only a regional attribute but can be
influenced by spill-over effects. Following this approach resilience emerges also as result of spatial effects.
Among spatial units there may be a spatial dependence i.e. a functional relationship between what happens
at one point in space and what happens elsewhere. Spatial effects such as spatial heterogeneity and spatial
dependence should be taken into consideration in order to include the spatial spill-over into the analysis
and exploring resilience not only as a regional attribute but also as a consequence of geographic
localization. This contribution innovatively contributes to the existing literature in three ways. First,
according to Martin et al., (2016), resistance and recovery are part of an evolving dynamic and changes
occur slowly. Choices made in the past affect the resilience ability today. In exploring Italian regional
resistance and recoverability, we highlight not only the post-shock impacts but also the situation before theshock. In doing so we will investigate the Italian regional structure and the regional specialization.
Moreover, we will use the Multi-Factor Partitioning (MFP) (Ray et al., 2012, Gardiner et al., 2013) todecompose the regional employment change and to investigate how the different components influence
the resilience. Second, using literature regarding the social resilience, we will investigate the relationshipbetween human capital and resilience looking at the determinant of resilience in a holistic way. Finally, aspatial analysis will be taken into consideration. The interactions among spatial units and resilience are still
unexplored in literature.

The enforcement role of the Spanish Labour Inspectorate on workplace accidents: a spatial dynamic panel
approachProf. Angel Martin-Roman1, Prof. Alfonso Moral1, Prof. Javier Martin-Roman2
1

Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain, 2Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain

G05-O1 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The economic cost of workplace accidents is not taken into account in the social policy debate often.
However, these costs are very high. Krueger and Meyer (2002) show that during the second half of thenineties the amount of the workers’ compensation was twice than unemployment benefits. In Spain, some
reports of the most important Trade Unions also focus on this topic (CC.OO., 2004).
The analysis of regulation related to workplace accidents has a long tradition in North America. In 1970, theUnited States Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which established the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). In Spain, the Labour and Social Security Inspectorate (Inspecciónde Trabajo y Seguridad Social, ITSS) is a public service which is responsible for carrying out surveillance ofthe social rules compliance and for enforcing the responsibilities in case of offense or breach. The aim of
this paper is to analyze whether the ITSS, as the organization responsible for enforcing labour rules in theprevention of occupational hazards, is effective in carrying out its purpose and reducing such occupational
hazards.
In this study, we apply a spatial dynamic model based on Roodman’s proposal (Roodman, 2009) and use
data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey, the Spanish Statistics on Workplace Accidents and the annual
reports developed by the ITSS. The units of analysis are the 50 Spanish provinces (NUTS-3) and the period oftime covered goes from 1994 to 2014. The results obtained do not show an unambiguous sign for theinspection variables. First, we detect a negative labour inspectorate effect that reduces the workplace
accident rate, that is, the ITSS intervention could become an effective tool in reducing it. However, thenumber of inspectors presents the opposite effect, a fact that could be supported by a claim reporting
effect: increased surveillance encourages workers to report some accidents that, otherwise, would not haveregistered. Additionally, we implement an analysis that highlights the relevance of the spatial dimension265

(Beloti et al., 2017; Shehata and Mickaiel 2013). Previously, Bande and López-Mourelo (2014) had foundsome evidence in this favor, but this work constitutes a step forward focusing on the development andpotential of the most recent econometric techniques.

Technology foresight for advanced manufacturing in the Sheffield City Region: an analysis of economic
strategy and policy debates
Dr. Jorge Tiago Martins1, Dr Ivan Rajic1
1

The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

G07-O6 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Technology foresight is a critical component in the development of industrial strategy. It offers a promising
new lens to address the challenge of regional growth. It holds the potential to help regions identify, absorb
and exploit a variety of technological innovations that can drive transformation across UK manufacturing:save time, increase productivity, reduce costs, and respond more effectively to consumer demands. For thisto become a reality a number of challenges need to be overcome. In regions that rely significantly on theindustrial manufacturing sector, a high degree of specialisation and the existence of historically determined
path dependencies may induce lock-ins or inhibit the ability to recognise and apply technological trends.
Frequently the meaning of technological trends is unclear and results in the establishment of strategic
regional development goals that are too generic. This often results in a disconnection between industrial
strategy making and the technology foresight process. In order to address this disconnection, stakeholder
participation, networking and the preparation of decisions concerning the future of regions is anincreasingly essential dimension of managing technology foresight activities.
In various regional contexts, manufacturing is a sector topping the policy agenda but there remains asubstantive opportunity to understand how technological innovation can be accessed and exploited.
Focusing on the United Kingdom’s Sheffield City Region as a manufacturing hub of the ‘Northern
Powerhouse’, this paper addresses this issue with a technology foresight lens, and it explores how
technology foresight is articulated within national and regional policy.
Indeed, future-oriented research methods require a comprehensive appraisal of regions’ strategic policy,
and a thorough understanding of existing structures, so as to adequately define visions that can be
exploited by decision-makers.
The analysis presented in this paper is based on an extensive review of relevant regional documents
undertaken for the ESRC-funded Regional Technology Foresight project (www.regiotechforesight.org).
Following a critical discourse analysis approach to identify how discursive practices have both enabling and
impeding implications and effects, the paper illuminates the role of strategy discourse, notably the goals
and values carried in regional technology foresight strategy texts.

The effect over time of Related and Unrelated Variety on Types of Regional Innovation in Brazil
Dra Suelene Mascarini1, Dr Renato Garcia2, Ms Ariana Costa3, Dr Veneziano Araujo4, Dr Emerson Gomes5
1

Federal University of São Carlos, , Brazil, 2University of Campinas, , Brazil, 3University of São Paulo, , Brazil, 4Federal
University of São Paulo, , Brazil, 5Federal University of São Paulo, , Brazil

G07-R1 Innovation and Regional Development, UdL_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
266

See extended abstract online.
Can we apply Cost-Benefit Analysis to sport events ? A methodological survey
Dr. Jerome Massiani1, Elia Raul Antola1
1

Università Ca Foscari, Venezia, Italy

G04-O5 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Sport events have long been seen as an opportunity to foster local development. This view has howeverbeen more and more challenged in the last decades calling for independent and rigorous assessments.
In this context CBA, together with CGE, have been increasingly used to provide policy guidance and may
tomorrow challenge the dominant position that Input-Output has held for long in this area.
More than twenty events have now been assessed with this approach, although many of them indocuments that were subject only to limited peer review (this includes some master thesis, or someconsultancy reports) and a more limited number of papers in scientific journals. Yet no systematic andcritical analysis of this area of application is available. The purpose of the proposed contribution is to partly
fill in this gap. It will review existing publication and investigate their possible limitations. Interestingly, onenotes that these works are usually not published in evaluation journals but rather, whenever published inscientific papers, in sport economics reviews. This reinforce the need of critical examination by theprofession.
The proposed contribution is to our best knowledge the first review of this type.
On the whole, existing studies provide a negative evaluation of sport and cultural events with a large
majority of negative Net Present Value for host communities.
These studies, however, are moderately convincing. We find that many studies violate well establishedrecommendations in the field of CBA (like computation of cost/benefit ratios without univocal distinction of
benefit increase vs cost decrease), and are unclear about important underlying assumptions (like thedefinition of the relevant territory), and are discussible by many aspects (for instance considering visitors
expenditures as a benefit, without consideration of the corresponding production costs).
We suggest guidelines for such studies, hoping that they can provide support in this incipient field, andcontribute to establish the credibility of benefit-cost analysis in this area as well.

The unemployment turn in Cost Benefit Analysis : opening the Pandora box
Dr. Jerome Massiani1
1

Università Ca Foscari, Venezia, Italy

S52-S1 Joint SBCA ERSA Session on Evaluation
IUT_Room 408, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Abstract :We explore the reasons for the limited consideration of employment impacts in most CBA until thelast decade.
We look at the several modelling techniques that can be used for inclusion of employment in CBA.
We examine a few applications in Italy, mostly related to road or sea transport investment. These
examples show a large heterogeneity in the way practitioners proceed.
Our analysis suggests that the issue is not handled consistently. The use of shadow costs did notreach the objective of insuring more consistent and homogenous assessment. We observe that shadow267costs are usually applied axiomatically, are not aligned with the methodological features stated in
guidelines.
Unless more discipline is not implemented, introducing employment benefits in the Cost Benefit
Evaluation can increase the errors and thus decrease the relevance of the recommendation resulting from
CBA.

Determinants of International Conference Venues in Japanese Prefectures
Dr. Kiyoshi Matsubara1
1

Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan

S42-S1 Causes and Effects of Regional Integration: Development of Local Economy via Mobility
IUT_Room 210, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In this paper, we attempt to show what is effective to attract more international
conferences to a region, using Japanese prefectural data of 1998-2017. This article
follows the methodology of Falk and Hagsten (2018), performing regression analysis on dataof 943 European cities from 2012 to 2016 and showing that city size and other factors (culture, openness,etc.) work to attract international conferences. Our regression analysis shows mixed results of prefectural
population, depending on model specification with prefecture/year dummies. Other independent variables,
including tourism resources, international organizations, accommodation, and transportation infrastructure,also have mixed results, whose statistical significance changes with model specification. Therefore more
analysis on the current independent variables as well as policy measures by governments is needed.

On the Return of the EU’s Regional Financial Support. Difference-in-differences Estimator and Some
Empirical Evidences at NUTS 3 Level
Dr. Kristina Matuzeviciute1, Dr. Mindaugas Butkus1, Dr. Alma Maciulyte-Sniukiene1, Prof. Diana Cibulskiene1
1

Siauliai University, Institute of Regional Development, Siauliai, LITHUANIAS51-S3 Counterfactual methods for regional policy evaluation: Policies for regions and cities
IUT_Room 304, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Assessing the return on the EU’s regional financial support, the research examines whether financial
support promotes economic growth, increases labour productivity, and creates new jobs. Since 2000, theseissues have been widely discussed in scientific studies aiming to ascertain if the cost of regional policy isjustified, and whether the return on Structural Funds (SF) investments is positive. However, scientificstudies rarely discuss the effect of financial support in the light of the regional disparities despite the factthat cohesion is the ultimate goal of the EU’s regional policy, and mainly test the proposed evaluation
models at NUTS 2 or at country level. Moreover, previous contributions in this field show the importance offactors that foster or hinder, i.e. condition the effect of financial support, thus raising the question ofheterogeneous effects across regions. In the light of these facts, this article aims to discuss a model thatwould supplement a new strand of literature based on quasi-experimental approach and be able to assess
the return on the EU’s regional financial support capturing heterogeneous financial support effects onregional disparities. Empirical application is based on NUTS 3 level data over 2000-2006 programming
period and estimation of the effects on the dynamics of per capita GDP disparities between SF beneficiaries
and control group. Estimations provide an evidence that EU’s regional financial support diminishes
disparities between financial beneficiaries and unsupported regions and that significance and size of thepositive effect are highly conditioned on quality of institutions in the region.
268

Evaluating the impact of aging population on labor market
Dr. Kristina Matuzeviciute1, Dr. Alma Maciulyte-Sniukiene2, Dr. Dovile Rupliene1
1

Siauliai university, Siauliai, Lithuania, 2Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania

G17-O1 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Purpose – aging population causes a number of economic and social problems related with changes inlabour market. In this regard, this study aims to evaluate the effect of population aging on EU member
states labour market main indicator – labour force, which has direct impact on economic growth potential.
Research methodology – in order to achieve the aim of the study we applied: i) trend analysis for estimatesand presenta-tion population and labour force changes over period, and ii) decomposition method for
examine effects of population and labour force structure by age changes on size of labour force.
Findings – countries can be divided into three groups: (1) countries where the volume of labour force has
increased both as a result of population growth and an increase in activity rates; (2) countries with anincreasing labour force, but declining population; (3) countries with a declining labour force due todepopulation.
Research limitations – research results support theoretical approach that population aging may negatively
affect labour market, but do not provide ways for the solving of this problem and this is the direction for
future research.
Practical implications – the obtained results are useful for labour market (including pension reforms) policy
makers.
Originality/Value – the study contributes scientific literature by extend understanding of the aging
population problems that occur in labour market and fill the gap in research of aging population impact on
labour market using EU member state data.

Determinants of the entrepreneurial resilience (or non-resilience) in the Spanish Regions: Place specificeffects versus neighbourhood effects.
Dra. Begoña Cueto1, Dr. Matías Mayor1, Dra. Patricia Suárez1
1

Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain

G05-O2 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In the definition of economic resilience, entrepreneurial activity can play a key role (Martin, 2012; Martin &Sunley, 2015). Therefore, the analysis of determinants of entrepreneurial resilience can help to understandwhy some regions can retain a higher level of entrepreneurial activity than others. At the same time, recent
studies (Fotopoulos & Storey, 2016; Fritsch & Wyrwich, 2014) point out that entrepreneurship rates haverisen in the last years, however, the regional differences remain constant over the time. On one hand, thisfinding implies the existence of a persistence spatial heterogeneity, and on the other hand, the reduced
impact of entrepreneurial spatial spillovers. The aim of this research is to analyse the determinants ofentrepreneurial resilience of the Spanish regions focusing on this spatial context. First, we discuss how the
expected regional behaviour should be computed, second, we analyse the contribution of the local related
and unrelated variety and industrial specialization together with the impact of these characteristics in theneighbouring regions using a spatial econometric model. Third, we consider in which measure a lower
improvement in terms of accessibility is acting as a dead weight reducing the recovery capacity.
269

An evaluation of start-up subsidies. Does the territory matter?
Dra. Begoña Cueto1, Dr. Matías Mayor1, Dra. Patricia Suárez1
1

Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain

S19-S1 Regional Entrepreneurship Policy
UdL_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
During recent years, self-employment has been promoted as a means of reducing unemployment andincreasing entrepreneurship. One of the main programmes is the one known as the ‘Flat rate for selfemployed workers’, launched in February 2013, which comprises a reduction in the minimum contribution
to the Social Security System. In this paper, our aim is to evaluate the second phase of the flat rate, when
the programme is in force for all new self-employed workers older than 30 who had not been self-employedduring the previous five years. To do this, we use the Continuous Working Lives Sample (CWLS) and adifferences-in-differences approach. Our results show that the programme has no effect in terms of survival
rates. However, there are interesting regional differences that can help to develop policies according to theregional context.

A Spatial Price Hedonic Analysis for AirBnB accommodations
Mr David Boto1, Dr. Matías Mayor1, Mr. PABLO DE LA VEGA SUÁREZ2
1

University Of Oviedo, , Spain, 2Complutense University of Madrid, , Spain

S05-S1 Sharing economy and accommodation industry in urban and non urban environment
IUT_Room 402, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The appearance of the sharing economy has disrupted the traditional business practices. In the hospitality
industry, peer-to-peer accommodations are becoming increasingly demanded by travellers, representing an
expanding share of the market. Originally, P2P accommodation services started as a way by which regularpeople rented spare bedrooms or properties to exploit the underuse capital. However, nowadays a nonnegligible share of hosts behaves closer to business intermediaries and tends to fix prices efficiently. Thus,
price fixing is a very important tool to understand the market. Previous literature has widely studied theprice determinants for the P2P accommodations, focusing on properties’ characteristics. Our aim is toextend the literature by estimating a hedonic price model including not only the listings’ characteristics but
also the effect of the accessibility to various sightseeing spots. Also, we use a spatial econometric model tocontrol for the spatial heterogeneity that may affect price fixing by a spatial competition on prices among
the close properties. To do so, we use a public-access database of AirBnB’s in the central district of Madrid
for the second trimester of 2017. To the best of our knowledge this is the first paper that jointly analyse
spatial heterogeneity, accessibility and properties’ characteristics on price for the AirBnB market.

Commoning the seeds: knowledge networks and the dynamics of territorial development
Dr. Armelle Mazé1, Aida Calabuig Domenech, Dr Isabelle Goldringer
1

Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France

S20-S2 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM

270

The development of peasant seed communities is a recent trend in European countries, bringing together
professional farmers, city gardeners and other enlightened amateurs, as well as creating new interfaces
between cities and rural areas. In this article, we analyze the role of knowledge governance in a leading
French peer-to-peer peasant seed network as a major driver for reintroducing and maintaining cultivatedagrobiodiversity and on-farm seed conservation of traditional and landrace varieties. Empirical data are
based on a detailed network formalization and analysis of the governance rules. Our results highlight thevarious models of collective action and the organizational tradeoffs faced by opting out of peasant seed
activities and in recreating a shared collective knowledge base about the benefits of maintaining cultivatedagrobiodiversity. A number of policy implications and challenges are discussed regarding restrictive seedlaws and the need for a more radical reorientation of R&D systems prioritizing alternative participatory
driven models of grassroots innovation.

The role of digital tools in increasing stakeholder participation in the city branding
Ms Maia Maziashvili1, Mrs. Izabela Kowalik1
1

Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland

G01-R1 Cities, Regions and Digital Transformations
IUT_Room 404, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Purpose – The aim of this paper is to explore the role of digital technologies in the strategic city brandmanagement process. In particular, it analyzes whether the digital tools are increasing internal stakeholders
engagement in city branding practices or just substituting offline branding. The study aims to contribute to
the understanding how the strategic city brand management components are affected by stakeholders’engagement through digital technologies.
Design/methodology/approach – The first part of the paper is based on theoretical insights drawn from the
combination of the literature on place branding, marketing and governance. The second part of study
includes qualitative research results based on the individual semi structured interviews among city officials
responsible for city branding. In sum, 12 in-depth interviews were carried out in 6 cities. The research ischaracterized by an innovative approach to sample selection, which includes participation of officials from
Georgian and Polish cities (3 cities from Poland, 3 cities from Georgia), and enables comparison of two
country contexts (with the background of developed and emerging economy). For this purpose the content
analysis of interviews’ transcripts and MaxQDa software version PLUS have been applied.
Findings -The results of this study indicate the positive effects of using digital tools in increasing stakeholder
engagement and strengthening long term relations between city authorities and stakeholders. Moreover, It
has identified two groups of stakeholders -residents and business sector representatives-as the maingroups, willing to establish long term relationships with the city government. The findings revealed which
components of strategic city brand management are affected by stakeholders involvement through digitaltechnologies. In this case, Polish cities show more advanced results, where stakeholder participation via
digital tools is applied in the brand conceptualization, communication and brand evaluation processes. In
Georgia, stakeholders are involved via digital tools in the process of communication and promotion of theplace brand. The research identifies which digital tools are used at each participation stage for bothstakeholder groups (residents and business) and how the participation in this channel is conducted.
Contribution- the study contributes to place branding research concerning the understanding of the role ofdigital tools in increasing the effectiveness of strategic city brand management process. The practical
implications of the research concern the improvement of the local authorities’ relations with internal
stakeholders and enhancing the active involvement of stakeholders in the place branding practices.

271

Comparative city cluster dynamics
Prof. Miruna Mazurencu Marinescu Pele1, Karima Kourtit2, Associate Professor Daniel Traian Pele3, ProfessorPeter Nijkamp4
1

Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, 2Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, , The
Netherlands, 3Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, 4Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, ,The Netherlands

G(01+02)-O1 Cities, Regions and Digital Transformations
IUT_Room 404, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The purpose of this study is to analyse city clustering dynamics by addressing the influence of city safenessindicators on the overall city performance of a selection of 40 world cities. We have performed aquantitative analysis on a combined data-set on cities, taking into consideration the Global Power City Index(GPCI Index ) and its dimensions and the Safe City Index and its components for the years 2015 and2017.This is a step forward from previous research that only took into consideration city performanceembedded in GDPI Index. It appears that the city safeness is able to explain a great deal of city variability
performance. For example, in 2017 Paris left the best performing cluster formed by Paris, London and New
York in 2015, most likely due to the terrorist attacks that took place. Multidimensional approach on city
performance that also includes safeness is nowadays preferable when analysing city clustering dynamics.
The statistical analysis has been performed by using Python software, whose results are fully reproducible.

Tourism and economic resilience in Mediterranean islands: a comparison with mainland regions
Prof. Fabio Mazzola1, Dr. Pietro Pizzuto1, Prof. Giovanni Ruggieri1
1

University of Palermo, Palermo, ITALY

G18-O4 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In recent years local development has been more and more dependent from tourism sector especially infragile contexts, such as islands, and in coastal cities which combine urban/cultural attractiveness with theincreased demand for leisure.
The potential role of tourism on economic growth has been widely analysed in international literature. From
this evidence, it is expected that tourism will play a compulsory role in leading growth and bringing
economic opportunities especially for small island destinations, which require a special consideration withrespect to the mainland regions. These territories, indeed, sometimes appear to be like as independent
states in the regional system. Tourism often is the only policy option for these contexts to overcome thestructural gaps imposed by the small size of their economies and the physical constraints which cause
several disadvantages in terms of transport connection and supply destination. The resilience of the tourism
sector may have played a crucial role in affecting the vulnerability and the recovery of regions from therecent economic crisis.
By using a panel of 84 Mediterranean regions for the period 2000-2014, we investigate the potential
contribution of the tourism sector to economic growth and assess its role in affecting regional resilience tothe recent crisis. Our aim is threefold. First, starting from the identification of a set of strategic territorial
elements which affect economic growth, we analyze the relationship between the local characteristics ofthe tourism industry (in terms of both supply and demand as well as accessibility) and regional growth.
Second, we control for regional characteristics by contrasting islands vis-à-vis mainland regions. Third, wetest whether the crisis has changed the role of some specific determinants of growth.
272

We find that the tourism sector appears to be relevant for regional growth in the case of islands. However,its positive effects on regional growth, also after the outbreak of the Great Recession, seem to be notsufficient to offset the negative effects of the economic downturn since we detect a larger negative impactof the crisis on islands’ economic performances respect to mainland regions. Nevertheless, specificcharacteristics seem to be crucial in determining the ability of insular economies to react to shocks andrecover from downturns.

Shedding light or casting shadows? Relations between primate cities and regional second cities in
multicentric metropolitan regions
Dr. Evert Meijers1, Dr. Rodrigo Cardoso1
1

Technische Universiteit Delft, Delft, THE Netherlands

G04-O13 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Processes of spatial expansion and scaling-up of activity patterns and transportation patterns have led to
the rise of multicentric metropolitan regions, in which multiple once distinct and relatively independent
cities have become part and parcel of larger multicentric metropolitan entities. Such multicentric regions
are even considered the dominant mode of urbanisation in many parts of the world, not least in the more
densely populated parts of Europe. The Randstad Holland (Amsterdam – Rotterdam –The Hague – Utrecht
and many smaller cities) is a classic example of such a multicentric region: wherever you are in this region,
you are within the sphere of influence of at least a dozen different cities. The relative equal size andimportance of the cities even makes it even polycentric. Building on the extensive literature on polycentricurban regions, we will contribute by exploring and characterising the position of secondary cities in suchregions.
It has been suggested that this position can be captured with the concepts of ‘borrowed size’ and‘agglomeration shadows’. Borrowed size occurs when a regional second city possesses urban functions
and/or performance levels normally associated with larger cities. This is enabled either to proximity tolarger cities or through interaction in networks between cities, as these networks serve as a substitute forthe benefits of agglomeration. In contrast, the concept of agglomeration shadows denotes that second
cities close to primate cities may also experience a negative effect, related to competition for urban
functions, households and jobs.
When and under which conditions a city ‘borrows size’ and when it will predominantly experience an‘agglomeration shadow’ is unclear.
The aim of this paper is exactly to explore why some second cities in metropolitan areas manage tocapitalise on their position close to a larger primate city (‘borrow size’), whereas others predominantly
experience negative effects (lie in the ‘agglomeration shadow’). Factors such as socio-demographic
composition, urban development pathways, sectoral profile, accessibility, network embeddedness (levels of
integration/interaction) and/or relatedness to larger cities are likely to play a role. In this contribution wewill classify the position of all cities and towns in the multicentric Randstad metropolitan region in the
Netherlands and subsequently try to explain this position in a quantitative way. This will lead to a novel
typology of regional second cities in multicentric metropolitan regions.

273

A spatial approach of Okun’s law for Spain’s provinces
Mr Vicent Almenar-Llongo3, Ms Celia Melguizo1, Mr Raúl Ramos2
1

AQR-IREA, Catholic University of Valencia (UCV), Valencia, Spain, 2AQR-IREA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,
Catholic University of Valencia (UCV), Valencia, Spain

3

G05-O1 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In the Spanish economy, economic fluctuations have had a great impact on the labour market and especiallyin unemployment. During the recent economic recession that took place between 2008 and 2013, thereduction in GDP in more than 16 percentage points resulted in an 18 percentage points unprecedented
increase in unemployment rate, which reached 26 percent of the active population in 2013. The subsequent
period of recovery also implied a strong variation in the unemployment rate that accounted in almost 9
percentage points. But, the Spanish territory has not been affected in a homogeneous way and a different
unemployment sensitivity has been found (Villaverde and Maza, 2007, 2009; Melguizo, 2017). This work
aims to contribute to previous literature by determining the effect of spatial spillovers in the relationshipbetween GDP and unemployment rate for the Spanish provinces (NUTS-3 regions) for the period that ranges
from 1985 to 2015. In order to do so, we resort to an Okun’s law extended version. But, first of all, we checkthe stationarity of the series and the panel of provinces by using the traditional individual and panel unit
root tests. Then, we perform the Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR), which only considers the endogenous
variable spatially lagged but with non-spatial effects in the GDP variable. Later on, besides the spatial
influence of unemployment rate of the other provinces, a spatial effect of the GDP variable is also included.
Therefore, a Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) is applied. Preliminary results provide interesting findings. In thespatially lagged version, we obtain that regional GDP coefficients are significant for all provinces whichshowed high levels of unemployment sensitivity (β_1 ≤ - 0.3) in the baseline model (model without spatial
effects). However, for provinces that showed a β_1 ≥ - 0.2 or a not significant coefficient in the baselinemodel, relationship between the aforementioned variables turns out insignificant and, also, for mostprovinces in which Okun’s relationship turns out insignificant, spatial effect has a significant influence.

The choice of pattern of spatial development: reasoning and constraints
Dr. Larisa Melnikova1
1

Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

S22-S2 The politics of local and regional development
IUT_Room 303, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
see extended abstract online
One may observe the evident imbalance between aims of equity and efficiency in Russian regional policy.
Encouraging of agglomerations’ growth acquire a force of federal law. The arguments used in strategic
documents appear to be invalid or not verified enough. Difficulties in interpreting observable data relate to
the use of macroeconomic indicators for testing the initially microeconomic models. This practice isstimulated by methodological challenges and is complicated by the lack of data. The assertions about clear
advantages of the territorial concentration of economic activities in cities in terms of production efficiency,
national growth, and reducing regional disparities must be tested carefully. If theoretical arguments
implicitly contained in fundamental strategic documents are not supported by empirical evidence theproposed regional policies may be inadequate.
In the paper proposed the author tries to understand what kind of reasoning underlie the ongoing bias tolarge cities in regional policy; considers theoretical arguments and empirical estimates and methods of theirassessment in strategic documents, scientific literature and in public discourse; provides for statistical274

assessments of relation between indicators of efficiency and spatial concentration of economic activities,
based on aggregated microeconomic performance; discusses some factors that influence on the choice of
spatial priorities in strategic planning and its reasoning.

The impact of motorway expansion on urban growth patterns: the case of Portugal between 1991 and2011
Prof. Patricia Melo1, Prof. João de Abreu e Silva2
1

ISEG - University of Lisbon & REM-UECE, Lisbon, Portugal, 2CESUR/CEris, IST-UL, Lisbon, Portugal

G16-O5 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Portugal experienced a massive growth in its motorway network after joining the European Union (EU) in
1986. The chart in Figure 1 shows the evolution of the motorway network. Just before joining the EU, thecountry’s motorway network had about 200 kms, growing to 409 km in 1991, over 1000 kms in 1998, over2000 kms in 2003 and reached 3000 kms in 2012, after which it remained stable. The fast expansion of the
motorway network during the 1990s and 2000s had several implications on the economic geography of thecountry. The urban spatial structure has become characterised by growing suburbanization leading
simultaneously to an increase in metropolitan area size and urban core decline. Data for the country’s
largest metropolitan area, the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (AML), illustrates this pattern clearly: the share of
the city’s population in the total AML population fell from 32% in 1980 to 21% in 2000 and 19% in 2010 (it is
18% in 2017).
In this paper, we investigate the extent to which the expansion of the motorway network contributed to aredistribution of population across the country favoring a pattern of suburbanization of the population anddecentralization of employment. We combine SIG-based road network data with census data for populationand employment in 1991, 2001, and 2011, and estimate the relationship between the growth of population,
employment and motorways at three levels: central city or urban core, suburbs, and overall country’s urban
spatial structure. Issues of reverse causality are addressed using different model approaches, including
instrumental variables and inconsequential units techniques. Similarly to existing studies for Spain, France,
the Netherlands, and the US, the results indicate that motorways contributed to the suburbanization anddecentralization of the spatial structure of urban areas, and overall the country, over the period.

An empirical examination of electricity price on regional Russian markets
Mr Ekaterina Meltenisova11

Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 2Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS,
Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

G14-O1 Energy and Ecological Transition
MILC_Room 410, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In this article the competitive electricity markets in Russian Federation were analyzed, the empirical analysisof restructured electricity prices was made. Based on asset-price specifications we model the price process
and peculiarities of electricity price on Russian electricity markets. Some findings seems unique forelectricity prices on competitive markets: such as "zero prices" and "positive jumps". We also find the mostappropriate model for forecasting performance of electricity prices both on Europe and Siberia market.
In Russian Federation there are two competitive regional markets: European and Siberian ones. On
European market the nuclear power generation and fossil fuel generation are dominated. It means higher
prices and less volatility as it’s easy to forecast the generation of such type. On Siberian market there is the275high rate of hydro generation that means the cheaper price and the lower volatility level. Moreover thedemand structure also differs: huge manufacturing companies are located in Siberia.
So the goal of the research is to analyze the peculiarities of competitive prices on Russian regional markets.
To achieve the goal we have these objectives:
To analyze the dynamic of electricity price on day-ahead sector on regional electricity markets(European market and Siberian market) for 2016-2018 yy.
To find out the seasonal, peak and weekend features, breaks and jumps on Russian electricity
markets on regional electricity markets in Russia with modern econometric methods.
Based on estimations make the conclusions about price dynamic on the regional markets andunderstand some features of supply and demand.
This research will provide empirical results that will help to understand the features of regional markets(Siberia and Europe), will help to make some recommendation about hedging the risk on the competitiveelectricity markets.

The Importance of National and International Links in Promoting Innovation among Developed and Less
Developed Countries
Ms May Menachem1, Professor Emeritus Raphael Bar-El1
1

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, , Israel

G22-YS1 Institutions
IUT_Room 205, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The objective of this paper is to test the influence of national and international links on innovation, indeveloped countries as compared with less developed ones.
Although many studies focus on the impact of specific networks or collaborations on innovation, at the firm
or at the industry level, there is a lack of quantitative studies that deal with these issues at a cross-national
level. In addition, so far, no quantitative evidence has been found about the difference between developing
and developed countries regarding the effect of various national and international links on innovation.
This study uses hierarchical polynomial regressions, based on the data of the Global Innovation Index (GII)for 2017 on 127 countries. It focuses on one specific aspect of innovation, the creation of knowledge, as
measured in the GII by international patent applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty(hereinafter: PCTs) and by national patent applications (both measured per the GDP of each country).
Other measures of knowledge creation (such as publications and business models) are not included, as wellas other aspects of innovation (such as knowledge impacts, as measured by high-tech manufacturing,productivity growth, and employment creation).
The independent variable, which is used as an indicator of national links, is the extent of collaborations
between universities and industries in research and development. The independent variables, whichindicate international links, are telecommunications, computers, and information services imports, hightech imports, intellectual property payments (each measured as a percentage of the country's total trade)and the number of joint ventures and strategic alliances of domestic firms with foreign firms (per the GDP ofeach country).
The main finding for all countries regardless of their income levels shows that the most significant link forthe enhancement of both national patent applications and PCTs is university-industry collaboration.
276

However, in a separate estimation of high-income countries, university-industry collaboration increases
national patent applications, while international alliances between firms decrease national patentapplications. Furthermore, international alliances between firms have an inverted U shape relationship to
PCTs. But in an estimation of low-income countries, high-tech imports are those which increase PCTs.
Hence, this study brings researchers and policy-makers one step closer to the formulation of effective public
policies for promoting innovation in developed and less developed countries.

Location of Co-Working Spaces: A City Approach
Dr. Eva Coll-Martínez2, Mr. Carles Méndez-Ortega1
1

Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain, 2University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France

S08-S1 New working spaces, digital transformations and peripheral areas
IUT_Room 408, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The present paper investigates the location patterns and the effects co-working spaces (CWS) generate on
the urban context. The focus is on Barcelona, one of the most important creative hubs in Europe in terms ofknowledge-based, creative, digital, and sharing economy, and the city hosting the largest number of coworking spaces in Spain. The paper addresses three main questions: 1) Which are the location patterns of
co-working spaces in Barcelona? 2) Do CWS agglomerate in the same areas? And, 3) Do CWS coagglomeratewith specific firm activities? To do that, this paper uses open data on Barcelona neighbourhoods’
socioeconomic composition provided by the Statistics Department of the Council of Barcelona and microgeographic data of private CWS and creative labs in Barcelona. By using Geographical Information Systems(GIS) and Kd functions of agglomeration and coagglomeration, results show that CWS are highly
concentrated in central areas of Barcelona where there are greater chances to meet customers andsuppliers, the proximity to urban amenities and the fact of being associated to an specific place-image.
Moreover, they coagglomerate with specific kinds of firms and to those most related to creative industries.
These results are relevant when assessing what it should be the actual goal of urban policies in Barcelona.

Place the 'Candy' and 'Crush' it: Entry determinants of the Software and Video game firms in Barcelona
Mr Carles Méndez-Ortega1
1

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain

G12-O4 Location of Economic Activityy
MILC_Room 310, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper aims to determine which reasons lead Software and Video games firms (SVE hereafter) to locate
in certain areas of Barcelona. This high-tech industry is a key industry in developed economies mainly
located in urban areas. To carry out this analysis, we use SVE firm entries at neighbourhood level between
2011 and 2013 and a set of covariates that capture neighbourhood characteristics (localization andagglomeration economies, high-tech amenities, diversity, human capital and crime). Our results show that i)
SVE firms tend to choose locations with a high diversity and good high-tech amenities (e.g. 22@ district), ii)
the importance of the localization and agglomeration economies, since spatial spillovers are a key factor forthis type of firms and iii) the role of the diversity in the location process of these firms, since SVE firms
choose places with a high diversity of cultural and creative activity.

277

Internal radial profiles of road transport times in European cities
Ms Estelle Mennicken1,2, Prof. Geoffrey Caruso1,2, Dr. Rémi Lemoy3
1

Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, 2University of Luxembourg,
Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, 3University of Rouen-Normandie, Rouen, France

G16-O3 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The present study is part of a larger endeavour to formally and empirically establish the relationshipbetween urban form and road network characteristics, and more specifically aimed at understanding how
Euclidean distances, network distances, and travel times change with population size and vary across space.
It is essential to describe transport networks in depth to understand their relationship with land use
patterns, population distribution, and city size, in order to inform spatial planning policies and meet current
societal challenges such as reducing traffic emissions and pollution intakes along travel paths. Currently, asystematic quantification of travel times across the European continent is still missing. Such quantifications
can be seen as relevant indicators of the spatial extent of cities and eventually highlight the relative
effectiveness of the internal morphology of cities in economic or environmental terms. We aim forimportant empirical insights about the spatial and temporal distribution of congestion on road networks.
The internal radial profile of 303 Larger Urban Zones, in terms of the Euclidean distance from all residential
areas to the unique centre of the city, is examined and related to time distances after applying a shortest
path algorithm on the real-world road network. The trips are computed around the clock, so in optimum
and congested traffic conditions, which resulted in more than 7.5 million simulated trips in total.
In addition, we investigate how and why this relationship between those two distance measures vary acrosscity population size and across Europe. The aim of this process is to find out whether the global propertiesof cities (here, the road transport properties) can apply to all urban systems, as a general scaling relation
with size. Scaling laws have already been established between average transport properties and city size(for ex. the length of the road network or total traveled distance), but not yet on intra-urban radial profiles.
This very rich database reveals that road transport time is concave with Euclidean distance, which calls thepersistent hypothesis of many urban economic models assuming linear transport costs into question. It also
allows to observe the magnitude of congestion throughout the day, and to compare congestion between
cities. The preliminary results show that city size is very likely linked to the congestion effect at the peaktraffic time. Indeed, travel time scales with cities' size and is a major dis-economy associated with the highconcentration of people.

Measuring societal resilience of the European regions
Dr. Anna Rita Manca1, Dr. Elisabeth Joosens1, Dr. Slavica Zec1, Dr. Peter Benczur1, Dr. Balint Menyhert1
1

European Commission, Ispra - varese, Italy

S40-S2 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In the last two decades, the EU society has been exposed to many challenges such as demographic ageing,
migration pressure, financial and economic crisis, climate changes and transformations of geopoliticalequilibrium. These developments require a fit and resilient society, able to adapt to new situations.
278

Resilience is the ability to thrive in a time of crisis. It embraces the capacity of a region to absorb a shock,adapt to a new equilibrium or transform towards a better future. The aim of this paper is to operationalize
the concept of regional resilience using a novel approach, which, beyond merely economic dimensions,
includes dimensions of social capital and social inclusion and overall quality of life.
Using the financial and economic crisis (2008-2012) as a shock, we assessed the resilience of the EU regions(NUTS2) through a three-step methodology. First, we select a large list of economic and non-economic
indicators that span the entire process of societal well-being production. Second, we compute resilience
indicators as the joint dynamic response to the crisis. Finally, we look at characteristics that differentiate
resilient regions from the non-resilient ones.
Results show substantial heterogeneity across regions. Resilience performance is different between thereaction in the immediate aftermath of the crisis and in the longer run. Moreover, results confirm theimportance of expanding to a broader list of variables. Finally, regions with a better inclusion of women in
the labour market perform better in absorbing the effect of the crisis in the medium run.

The Greek Brain-Drain: a persisting process in a period of slow recovery of the Greek economy
Mr. Theodore Metaxas1, Professor George Theodossiou2, Mr. Apostolos Goulas1, Professor Marie Noëlle
Duquenne1
1

University of Thessaly, VOLOS, GREECE, 2University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece

G17-O4 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The recent slow recovery of the Greek economy (from 2016) seems to be accompanied by a relative
slowdown in total emigration. Moreover, in accordance to the Hellenic Statistical Authority, during the last
two years (2016 and 2017), the net migration rate (difference between the number of immigrants and thenumber of emigrants per 1000 inhabitants) is after six years, slightly positive. The weakness of the Greek
economy explained that the above reversal does not concern all the aged groups: the net migration rate
remains negative for the aged 25-49 and more especially for the young 25-29 years old with a rate around 6.0‰ against +1.0‰ for the entire population.
As highlighted by various studies, one of the most acute socio-economic consequences of the Greek
economic crisis since the beginning of the decade was an unprecedented intensification of the Brain-Drain
phenomenon. This is not a new situation because since the early 1990s, a number of highly qualified young
people chose to emigrate, mainly to pursue studies at a very high level and / or to achieve a careeradvancement. What distinguish the present period of the pre-crisis one are the reasons for emigration as
well as the intensity of the phenomenon. Nowadays, it is much more of a necessity (constrained decision)
than a desired choice. In 2017, about 250,000 Greek researchers reside abroad and among them nearly
200,000 have left the country after 2010 (Labrianidis, 2018). Beyond the demographic problem raised bysuch a phenomenon, the economic challenge for the country is obviously major. Unless the brain-drain
turns into a gain-drain, it is the whole process of Greek economic revitalization (with its corollary, its
transition to the knowledge economy) that risks being compromised by the loss of human capital.
In this context, the aim of the present paper is to assess the main motives for young scientists to emigrate
today despite the slow recovery of the Greek economy, highlighting their main profiles as well as theirchoice of destination countries. The analysis is based on the results of a survey implemented at national
level during the second semester of 2017 and involving a random sample of 1063 scientists 18-39 years old.
Finally, referring to the various empirical studies carried out during the last years, the objective of the study
is also to determine to what extent the reasons for young scientists to leave the country would havechanged during the crisis.

279

Co-location and innovation in high-tech companies, the case of Tunisia
Salma Mhamed Hichri
1

University of Sfax , , Tunisia

G07-O2 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Since the mid-1980s, small businesses have returned to the heart of local development analysis and havebegun to attract the attention of researchers and policy makers around the world. These companies create
jobs, wealth and innovation. In brief, they hold the keys to economic growth in the future (Amable, 2006).
In developing countries, and in Tunisia in particular, these small enterprises operating in the field of ICT
technologies should play a particularly important role as agents of industrial regeneration and technologicalcatch-up. They are at the heart of government strategies for a "knowledge-based economy". Clusters are at
the heart of these strategies for the competitiveness of companies and territories. They are considered as
powerful catalysts for innovation and competitiveness.
Tunisia has deployed material, financial and institutional resources to promote the emergence of these
supposedly pro-innovation environments. The creation of technoparks and industrial zones is part of thisgovernment strategy.
However, these environments are controversial, both conceptually and practically. It was first theeconomists who began to express their concerns about the enthusiasm of policy makers. Indeed, there isalmost unanimity among the latter to consider local development and clusters as a matter of course.
Second, there is not enough distance from the expected economic benefits of these policies. Thus, there isno evidence to admit that clusters promote the innovative capacity of companies.
Systematic evaluations of these impacts are then necessary. The purpose of this communication is, on the
one hand, to assess the interest of high-tech companies in clustering in geographically and sectorally welldefined territories. On the other hand, to compare the factors affecting the innovation capacity ofcompanies benefiting from a simple industrial agglomeration policy (industrial zone of the North-East of theLake) and those benefiting from a technopole policy (Elgazala technopole).

Intergenerational social mobility in Italy and Sweden: the role of institutional factors
Prof. Alessandra Michelangeli1, Professor John Osth1, Dr. Umut Turk1
1

University Of Milan-bicocca, Milan, Italy

S45-S1 Social mobility & Inequality
IUT_Room 205, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The literature on Intergenerational Social Mobility (ISM) measure the dependency of children’s life chanceson their parents. A number of contributions show that the degree of this dependency varies because of
several factors specific to the person or to the society where the individual lives. Personal-specific factors
include inherited abilities, gender, and ethnicity. Meanwhile, the degree of socio-economic development,
the welfare system and other institutional factors shape society and are supposed to play a key role on
upward mobility of young generations.
In this paper, we investigate upward mobility in Italy and Sweden. These are two European the extent towhich city characteristics affect the likelihood of a generation to reach a better social status than previous
generation in Italy and Sweden, two European countries characterized by very different institutional
environment and welfare systems.
We use data provided by the National Institute of Statistics of the two countries containing information on
offspring and their family background. We merge these data with provincial-level data (NUTS 3) on socioeconomic conditions, and institutional factors.
280

Emerging economy in focus of digitalization: institutional features and specifics of state regulation in the
Russian Federation
Prof. Elena Midler11Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

G08-O6 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The aim of the article is to study the effect of digital transformations on the potential development of
Russian regions, taking into account institutional imbalances. The use of instruments of direct and indirectgovernment regulation is investigated. Used empirical data obtained from surveys of regions of southern
Russia. Applied methods of institutional, comparative, quantitative and qualitative analysis. The authors
tested hypotheses about the inversely proportional relationship between the efficiency of stimulating
instruments of indirect regulation and the degree of fragmentation and isolation of various orders and the
predominance of their archaic forms, as well as an increase in public investment and the level ofdigitalization development in conditions of asymmetric development of regional markets. The authors
proved that the tools of direct state regulation stimulate an increase in investment in digital infrastructure,and not in the generation of innovations in general. The effect of replacing innovation priorities byinvestment with an emphasis on the development of traditional industries in the South of Russia has been
revealed. The article clarifies that the asymmetry of institutions and innovative deployment tools isdetermined by the reproduction constants of emerging markets (the share of the rental component, thelevel of scientific and technological development, the degree of natural monopolies, the type of financial
sector, the maturity of the stock market, the ratio of tangible and intangible assets, the state of human andsocial capital ). It is shown that in the regional projection the effect of each permanent reproduction can beeither enhanced or canceled under the influence of hidden institutional constraints. For the regions ofsouthern Russia, such specific factors are multi-structured, multiculturalism, growth of glocalization
phenomena. The nature of objectively given innovative passivity of some regions of the South of Russia isrevealed. Conclusions and suggestions can be used in the development of programs of innovative
development of regions and territories.

Territorial patterns of smart specialisation investments in Poland
Mr Krzysztof Mieszkowski1, PhD Javier Barbero1
1

JRC, Seville, Spain

S54-S2 Evaluating Smart Specialisation: early evidence on policy implementation and economictransformation
IUT_Room 304, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Smart specialisation is a place-based policy approach which asks regions or countries to define the main
strategic domains for research and innovation investments. Smart specialisation seems to offer policy
makers a new integrated set of principles guiding investment in innovation through prioritisation andconcentration of public resources, and the mobilisation of local assets and entrepreneurial capacity.
European Commission regional policy grounded in the place-based approach made available the largest,
pan-European industrial policy funding programme to apply those principles.
In our paper we try to handle some critical for smart specialisation issues like the acquisition and transitionof knowledge and ideas at the geographical level, the existing defragmentation of regional systems ofinnovations, the multi-level governance framework of smart specialisation implementation, the dependenceof each territory on its specific characteristics. With our work we think we can contribute to an analytical281

framework to monitor the regional variations during the smart specialisation implementation
systematically.
For this purpose we analyse the 4,276 research and innovative projects in Poland in the mid-term ofoperational programmes implementation stage. They have been supported with grants or vouchers comingfrom the European Regional Development Fund and contracted under the Polish smart specialisation
framework. First, we explore difference in policy mixes at national and regional level. Then, if there is aterritorial concentration of smart specialisation projects. Finally, we look if smart specialisation has aregional or rather urban or rural territorial perspective associated with some factors characterising the
projects’ locations.

Our empirical analysis confirm the concentration of research and innovation investments in cities and thatthe smart specialisation implementation is affected by agglomeration of innovative activities in urban
territories in Poland. The Polish main cities seems to match local research strengths with business needs
and to build critical mass in terms of population, entrepreneurial potential, size of output of innovative
activities measured by patents application as associated factors, but also their functions as capital of regions
and state for generating research and innovation projects. These findings might signal a need to expand thisinclusion in territorial sense either by the revision of the smart specialisation domains in order to expand
their spatial dimension or by the improvement of the implementation mechanisms supporting thedevelopment of smart specialisation domains in less attractive and active territories.

Implementation of the African Road Safety Action Plan. SaferAfrica first results and recommendations
Prof. Dominique Mignot1, Prof. Laurent Carnis1, Mr. Eduard Fernandez2, Dr. Davide Usami3, Prof. Ruth Welsh4
1

IFSTTAR - LYON, Bron, France, 2CITA International Motor Vehicle Inspection Committee, Brussels, Belgium, 3Sapienza
Université de Rome, Roma, Italy, 4Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom

S60-S1 Road Safety Management in Developing Countries: the case of Africa
IUT_Room 108, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
According to the Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015of WHO, “road traffic injuries claim more than
1.2 million lives each year and have a huge impact on health and development”. Using WHO classification ofregions, there has been a further deterioration in road fatality rates in the WHO Africa region from 24.1
fatalities per 100,000 populations in 2010 to 26.6 fatalities per 100,000 in 2013. Road trauma in Africa is
expected to get worse. Road traffic accidents resulting in deaths and injuries have an enormous impact on
public health and the economy in Africa.
One objective of SaferAfrica project was to assess the implementation of Action Plan 2011–2020. This
contribution presents the assessment supported by analyses completed at different scales (continental,
regional, and country) (Mignot et al., 2018). The second main objective was to define some initiatives fordifferent topics designed to foster the implementation of the Action Plan. The contribution focuses on theoutcomes at the country level.
The choice was made to focus upon the analysis of the recommendations issued from the mid-term reviewof the African Road Safety Action Plan (ARSAP) and SWOT and PESTEL approaches through the different
pillars of the Action Plan. Data was collected through a questionnaire (distributed among African road safety
stakeholders) and international databases (mainly WHO data). Our analysis is based on inputs form
questionnaires, international databases and expert’s knowledge. Results are available for the 5 identified
pillars by the action plan.
Our evaluation clearly highlights that ARSAP mid-term evaluation recommendations are still relevant andhave to be enhanced in most African Countries. Secondly, ARSAP mid-term evaluation proposes few
recommendations for the pillars 3 and 4. Our analysis is able to propose some additional recommendations282

for those items, for example: Develop standards for full lifecycle of vehicles (old and news; Promote the useof child restraints).
At least, based on our analysis per pillar, two major recommendations could be made. They concern allpillars. African Countries have to: Develop consistent and systematic collection of data, in order to help
public bodies for designing their public policy ; Enforce cooperation with NGOs and private sector
representatives.
The main objective of SaferAfrica project is to provide African Countries tools for their road safety politics.
These recommendations have now to be discussed with national contacts and authorities in charge of roadsafety, per country and with UNECA.

Retail and place attractiveness: The effects of big-box entry on property values
Oana Mihaescu1, Professor Niklas Rudholm1, Professor Sven-Olov Daunfeldt1
1Institute of Retail Research, 103 29, Sweden

G04-O13 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
We use big-box retail entry in Sweden to investigate how increased access to retail affects place
attractiveness, proxied by residential property values. The opponents of big-box entry argue that large retailestablishments generate noise and other types of pollution, and a variety of negative externalities
associated with traffic. The supporters, on the other hand, argue that access to a large retail market createsa variety of positive spill-over effects and can thus be considered a consumer amenity that increases theattractiveness of the entry location. In our quasi-experimental design, we use a time series model tomeasure how the effects on property values change with distance from the entry location of five new IKEA
retail areas. While prices of properties located at 1 km from a new IKEA store are not affected by the newentry, properties located at 1.5 km away experience an average increase of 6.87% after entry, to reach amaximum at about 2 km from IKEA at 6.95% and then decrease smoothly so that properties located 10 km
away from IKEA experience an increase of only about 2%. Our results are in line with the argument thatlarge external retailers have the potential to increase place attractiveness and may create favorable
conditions for the long-run economic development of regions, but not in the direct vicinity of the new
establishment where the positive spillover effects are cancelled out by costs from increased traffic,
pollution, and crime.

The impact of edge-of-town shopping on small-city Sweden
Dr. Oana Mihaescu1, Professor Niklas Rudholm1, Professor Sven-Olov Daunfeldt1
1Institute of Retail Economics, 103 29, Sweden

G08-O6 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Although external trade is often pointed out as a principal determinant for the loss of city centerattractiveness, we still have debatable empirical evidence about the direction and the extent of thisrelationship. External trade is not as major a threat to downtowns in larger cities where the customer baseis often sufficiently large to cover several marketplaces, and resources for downtown redevelopment areusually easier to provide. In this article we focus instead on the challenges of small cities, many of which arestruggling to create an attractive urban environment in their city centers in a time of structural change,
increasing urbanization, and (often) inadequate financial resources and human capital.
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To determine the effects of edge-of-town shopping centers on firms in city centers we use a difference-indifference regression model with ‘random effects’ that control for heterogeneity at industry andgeographical level. The results show, for example, that entry by edge-of-town shopping centers determines
a 10% decrease, on average, in the CPI-adjusted real revenues of firms located in the city center. This effectseems to be mainly due to the impact on retail firms, which experience an average decrease in real
revenues by 13%, and on the lower population quartiles of our sample (i.e., cities with less than 12,500
inhabitants). The market shares of the city centers are also negatively affected. This is an indication thatnew edge-of-town shopping centers ‘steal’ customers from city center retail firms. However, downtown
firms in the hospitality sector do not seem to be affected the same extent, indicating that the hospitality
sector may be the key for redevelopment in small city centers. Thus, competition makes these city centerswilling to adopt, in line with the Schumpeterian value creation idea, innovative responses to the challenge
posed by the development of external trade.
The ambition is that this knowledge can be used to increase the city center's attractiveness in the smaller
cities, thus contributing to their importance as meeting venues and destinations.

The Determinants of Waste Crime: Empirical Evidence from Italy
Dr. Daniela Andreatta2, Dr. Serena Favarin2, Dr. Maurizio Lisciandra1, Dr. Emanuele Millemaci1
1

University Of Messina, Messina, Italy, 2Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy

G24-O5 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This study conducts an econometric analysis on the main factors influencing waste crime in Italy, applying
the System Generalized Method of Moments on panel data from 2009 to 2015 at provincial level. The
results show that socio-economic factors are important drivers of this crime type. High population density
and GDP per capita reduce illegal waste management, while higher levels of education increase thereporting rates of illegal environmental activities. Waste crime is also associated with the presence oforganized crime and other criminal factors such as criminal association and money laundering, as well as
performance-driven factors such as waste sorting.

Bank branches in Russian regions: estimation of the role of distances and other factors of spatial
distribution
Ms Anna Mishura1, Ms Svetlana Ageeva2
1

Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 2Institute of Economics and Industrial Organization of SB
RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

G09-O1 Regional Finance, Fiscal Issues, Investment or Capital Markets
IUT_Room 304, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In the past two decades, Russia has seen a decrease in the number of banks, both as a result of theconcentration and consolidation processes taking place in the banking industry throughout the world, andas a result of the Central Bank’s "cleaning" policy.
As a result, there is a weakening of the positions of medium, small and regional banks, which leads to a
reduction in the number of regional banks in favour of large interregional banks with extensive office
networks and head offices mainly in Moscow.
Studies in financial geography indicate that the geographically centralized financial system may hamper
financial development and sufficient lending in regions away from financial centres.
284

The significant distance between the local office and the head office of the bank creates problems ofcontrol, motivation of local managers and information asymmetry between the head office and the local
office of the bank, which can reduce the effectiveness of remote bank branches. As a result, banking
networks tend to open more branches in the vicinity of the head office, and fewer branches in remoteregions or countries. The fact is the evidence of the important role of distances in the sector and raises thequestion of the consequences of the concentration of head offices of banks in one financial centre for suchlarge country like Russia. At the same time, different banks and types of banks may have a different strategy
for the spatial distribution of their offices. The presence in the locations of a sufficient number of banking
offices is still a significant factor, especially for the households and small firms, despite the development of
remote financial services technologies.
Based on the information available on the Central Bank of Russia website on the availability of bank offices
in Russian regions we analyse how the number of bank offices in the region depends from thecharacteristics of the banks and the regions where the offices are located and from the distances between
banks' headquarters and regions.
The purpose of the study is also to identify differences in this regard between different categories of banks,
especially between private banks, subsidiary banks of foreign structures and banks with different types ofstate participation.
Estimation is made using Poisson regression method used to estimate the gravity models of interregional
trade.

Peer signals on local labor markets and the migration response along the work-life cycle
Dr. Timo Mitze1, Dr. Amber Naz2, Dr. Nils Karl Sørensen1
1

University of Southern Denmark, Sønderborg, Denmark, 2Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman

G17-R2 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 110, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
We analyse the role of peer signals in explaining internal migration along the work-life cycle. In this context,
peer signals are defined as age-specific labor disparities between alternative migration locations. While
there is a large body of empirical research that has studied the migration response to aggregate local labormarket disparities, the distinct novelty of this work is that we adopt an explicit work-life cycle perspective
by testing for the strength of migration responses to these peer signals across age groups. Using data forinternal migration flows and local labor market indicators in Denmark, our results show that peer signals area significant factor in determining in the net in-migration rate of Danish municipalities in 2007-2015. Incomparison, we do not observe significant effects when replicating the estimations with aggregate local
labor market disparities instead of age group-specific peer signals. Moreover, while the estimation results
generally support the neoclassical migration theory, we also detect significant alterations in the magnitudeof the migration response across age groups. Similarly, rural-urban differences are found to be another key
conditioning factor for the link between local labor market disparities and internal migration.

The Impact of Spatial Concentration on Total Factor Productivity in British Advanced Manufacturing,
1984-2016
Prof. Richard Harris1, Dr John Moffat1, Dr Emil Evenhuis2, Professor Ron Martin3, Professor Andy Pike4,
Professor Peter Sunley2
1

Durham University, , United Kingdom, 2University of Southampton, , United Kingdom, 3University of Cambridge, , United
Kingdom, 4Newcastle University, , United Kingdom285

G08-O6 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The United Kingdom’s economy is one of the most regionally imbalanced in Europe. The government’s
recent industrial strategy discusses various means of addressing this, one of which is the strengthening ofexisting clusters. This accords with the view that firms benefit from membership of localised groupings thatprovide access to skilled labour markets, specialised suppliers and knowledge spillovers. Most of the extant
empirical evidence on spatial concentration in the United Kingdom has employed measures that suffer fromareal unit problems. Using plant-level indices of spatial proximity derived from postcode district data, thispaper investigates the extent of spatial concentration and its impact on total factor productivity in advanced
manufacturing sectors in Great Britain. Separate indices of spatial concentration are calculated to takeaccount of distances to plants in the same industry and distances to plants in ‘related’ industries as well as
different distance decay factors. The extent to which, and where, clustering occurs is shown to varyconsiderably across advanced manufacturing sectors. The results from estimation of production functions
indicate that, in most advanced manufacturing sectors, spatial concentration has a negative impact on
productivity in small plants and a positive effect in larger plants. This suggests that small plants operating inclusters suffer from congestion diseconomies. However, large plants experience a positive net effect since
they benefit more from knowledge spillovers due to their higher levels of absorptive capacity.

Investigating regional income mobility and inequality using EU-SILC longitudinal microdata
Dr Zbigniew Mogila2, Prof. Patricia Melo1, Dr José M. Gaspar2
1

ISEG - University of Lisbon, , PORTUGAL , 2CEGE – Research Centre in Management and Economics, Católica PortoBusiness School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal, Porto, Portugal

S46-S1 Recent Trends in Regional Socio-Economic Inequalities
IUT_Room 203, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In this paper, we use the panel data component of the EU-SILC for the longest period of data available todate (2005-2016) to investigate geographical heterogeneity in individual labour income mobility andinequality across NUTSII regions and by degree of urbanisation (i.e. large urban areas, small urban areas,
and rural areas) for Spain and France. Measuring income mobility over time is important as it can help toevaluate the extent to which there is upward/downward social mobility along the income distribution.
Given the four-wave rotational design of EU-SILC, we can only study individuals’ income trajectories up to a
maximum of four years (if individuals respond to the survey every year). We consider income mobility for 2year (i.e. transitions between t-1 and t) and 4-year (i.e. transitions between t-3 and t) income trajectories.
There appears to be greater variation in the level of income mobility across regions in France, than in Spain.
However, discrepancies in upward mobility across regions appear to be high in both countries. There issome indication of a negative correlation between regions’ population size and the degree of upward
mobility in all countries, which corroborates the results for income mobility by degree of urbanisation. To
investigate the level of income inequality we compute different indicators, including the Gini Index (GI) andthe income ratios P90/P10, P90/P50, and P50/P10. Overall, the results suggest that income inequality tends
to be higher for larger urban areas and lower for rural areas, but there is variation across the income
distribution as revealed by the different income ratios. Finally, we investigate the extent to which there is arelationship between income mobility and income inequality. Although the estimated coefficient ofcorrelation suggests that higher income mobility is associated with lower income inequality, the correlation
coefficient is not statistically significant.

286

The impact of governance on economic growth: a panel analysis of selected countries in MENA region
Mr Mokrane Mohamed1
1

Tlemcen University, , Algeria

G06-O4 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This study is focused on the impact of governance and other economic growth determinants on economic
growth of 13 Middle East and North African (MENA) countries during the period 1996 -2017. We used Worldbank data for World development indicators (WDI) and Worldwide governance index (WGI) data on
institutional quality and governance. The principal components analysis is used for reducing the six
governance indicators created by the world bank. Panel regression was run using fixed effects method of
estimation based on Hausman specification test results. After all corrections, the generalized least squares
estimation given the best results. Findings reveal that, namely governance, trade openness, and Finalconsumption expenditure have a positive and significative effect on economic growth which is according totheory. On the other hand, results show that foreign direct investment, inflation, Gross fixed capitalformation and Net official development assistance received have a negative and significative effect on
economic growth for the selected countries.

Cohesion Policy effects on investment at the extensive and the intensive margin
Prof Riccardo Crescenzi1, Prof Ugo Fratesi2, Dr. Vassilis Monastiriotis1
1

London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom, 2Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy

S55-S1 The EU Cohesion Policy after 2020 – How to achieve faster and more impactful spending where it isneeded the most?
IUT_Room 303, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
A large literature has investigated the growth effects of Cohesion Policy, finding on the whole positiveeffects albeit often with a number of qualifying conditions. The rationale of Cohesion Policy, however,concerns predominantly not the enhancement of regional growth per se but rather the enhancement of
productive capacities in the targeted regions. Motivated by this observation, in this paper we examined thecontribution of Cohesion Policy expenditures on private capital expansion (regional investment), focusing
both on the extensive and the intensive margin (capital expansion and the productivity of capital,
respectively). Our analysis unveils a very favourable picture for Cohesion Policy with regard to the extensive
margin, implying a very successful role in mobilising private capital and raising local capacities for growth. At
the same time, it also shows that the effect of Cohesion Policy on the intensive margin (the productivity ofcapital) is if anything negative, implying no additional ‘productivity dividend’ for Cohesion Policy
interventions with regard to private investments. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to
the future of Cohesion Policy post-2020 and in particular in relation to the recent and prospective shift
towards ‘new instruments’ for leveraging private investment and encourage high-returns entrepreneurial
risk-taking.

International students' permanent temporariness in cities.
PhD João de Abreu e Silva2, S. Haustein3, J.P. Sousa1
1

FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, 2Department of Civil Engineering,Architecture and Georesources, CERis-Civil Engineering, Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, 3Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark287

S16-S1 Students, University and the City: Location Choice and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Migration is not a recent phenomenon, it has been occurring along human history, where people havemigrated for several reasons, including survival. Despite it, the way it occurs has changed.
Regardless the fact that short-term stays associated to work and study are increasing and this movement ofpeople with a short-term perspective is becoming increasingly relevant due to crescent globalisation, it isdifficult to find official statistics about this phenomenon. This lack of information arises the need to search
for information that can provide evidences about this group in the official data and complement it with nonofficial information.
From an urban scale perspective, the short-term residents represent a long-term impact, since thispopulation is renewed constantly (Collins, 2012). What all this movement means for the cities is the
emergence of new issues and needs related to their transportation systems and the process of adaptationof newcomers, that need to familiarize themselves in a short time span. For many in this group, theimmersion in a new city will mean having to deal with a complex multimodal transport network, mostly
unknown to the individual.
In this context and observing the state of the art, to the best of our knowledge, we are contributing to theunderstanding of how short-term residents respond and adapt to the new configuration of systems, spaces
and norms by examining the intra-urban mobility behaviour in their host city in a context of transnational
short-term relocation.
This paper draws on semi structured interviews that were conducted with the aim to explore the travel andspatial-related behaviour of transnational temporary migrants. Their main focus was on verifying theexistence and nature of the influence of relevant factors that could be affecting people’s behaviour in thecontext of transnational relocation. As a proxy for Millennials temporary residents, international exchange
university students were chosen as they share relevant aspects, such as: transnational relocation, educationlevel, age range and the need to adapt themselves in the host city. The sample is composed of 10
international students from 9 different nationalities that were living in Porto or Lisbon during January of
2018. In total, 11h15min of interviews generated 160 pages of content that were codified and categorizedaccording to their relation with relevant themes and emerging similarities or divergences. After the maincategorization, each theme was analysed individually in its content and sub-categories were assigned.

The effect of culture on home-ownershipMiss Marina Morales Catalán1, Dr Miriam Marcén Pérez1
1

University Of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

G18-O2 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In this paper, we analyze the role of culture in determining whether, or not, an individual is a homeowner.
We use data on first-generation immigrants who arrived in the United States under six years old. Following
the epidemiological approach, those early-arrival immigrants grew up under the same US laws, markets,and institutions, so any dissimilarity in the proportion of homeowners by country of origin may beinterpreted as a consequence of cultural differences. Our estimates indicate that there is a positive andstatistically significant relationship between the cultural proxy, that is, the proportion of individuals who are
homeowners by country of origin, and the immigrants’ choice of home-ownership. Results are maintained
after controlling for home-country observable and unobservable characteristics, and are consistent inseveral subsamples. Neither the differences in the formation of couples (same or different origin) nor the
existence (or not) of mortgage financing appear to be driving our findings. Additionally, we present evidence288

of different mechanisms of transmission of culture (horizontal transmission, respect for elders, and genderroles), which reinforces our results on the cultural effect.

The effect of same-sex marriage legalization on interstate migration
Miss Marina Morales Catalán1, Dr Miriam Marcén Pérez1
1

University Of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

G17-O4 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The aim of this paper is to estimate the effects of welfare benefits on homosexual people migration by using
the evolution of same-sex marriage regulation across the United States. Given that interstate differences inthe treatment of homosexual households may attract welfare prone individuals, our study is supposed to bereasonable. For the main analysis, we use data from the American Community Survey of Integrated Public
Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) from 2001 to 2015 US census. Our empirical approach makes use of thevariations in the timing of homosexual marriage legalization across states. Our results show that thelegalization of same-sex marriage permanently increases the proportion of homosexual individuals movingfrom another state. These findings are robust to alternative specifications and controls for observed (thelegalization of homoparental adoption, the prohibition of discrimination based on gender identity inemployment, housing and public accommodation, the approval of gender marker change on birthcertificates, and the introduction of the repeal of sodomy laws) and unobserved state-specific factors, aswell as time-varying factors at the state level. We also extend this analysis to the examination of bothmigration across contiguous and non-contiguos states, separately.

Urban Employment Subcenters: the case of Curitiba, Brazil
Mr Eduardo Moreira Thomé1, Prof. Alexandre Alves Porsse1
1

Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil

G05-YS2 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Several studies have been developed to assess the presence of polycentric cities analyzing the spatial
distribution of employment into urban space. Most of these studies are concerned to cites in developed
countries and few have explored the polycentric urban structure of cities in developing countries,
particularly to Latin America. This paper aims to assess the presence of employment subcenters in the cityof Curitiba, Brazil. Since the 70’s Curitiba adopted a TOD oriented urban planning policy searching topromote polycentricity. The core of this policy is the BRT network which was established over the last sevendecades and is the main force influencing distribution of economic activities and people across the city. We
use the semi-parametric approach developed by McMillen (2001) to identify the polycentric structure of
employment in Curitiba. The employment database contains formal employment data at the firm levelprovided by the Ministry of Employment for the year of 2010, representing 50,553 firms and 658,937
employees in the city. These data were georeferenced in grid cells of 1 square mile over the city. The
preliminary results show that Curitiba has a polycentric structure organized in nine employment subcenters.
The spatial distribution of these subcenters is highly correlated to the BRT network, evidencing the role of
TOD urban planning policy in shaping the polycentric structure.

289

Do residential change influence students travel mode choice? A qualitative analysis from University of
Lyon
Ms Chloé Morhain1, Mr Louafi Bouzouina
1

Entpe, Lyon, France

S16-S1 Students, University and the City: Location Choice and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Young people’s behaviours are a key issue in transportation research for several reasons: two of them arebecause they will be the users of tomorrow, and because their mobility are often indicative of newpractices. We are now witnessing changes in mobility behaviours, which young people are often at theorigin: lowering of driving licence (Evolmob, 2016) growth of shared mobility, mobility as a service, etc.
These changes are also witnessed in housing behaviours: strong increase of flat sharing, studentification ofsome districts. Despite all these changes, students practices remain unclear today. The student population,although it has been studied for several years in the United Kingdom for many years (Alamel, 2018), is still
little studied as a central object in the French literature. A recent literature review notices few articles orreports on student mobility for example (Baron et al., 2017). Beyond this student population still little
studied, many studies tend to show that a link between the residential environment of individuals and theirpreferences for travel. Beyond this link that we can now consider established, there remains a large number
of issues about the understanding of explanatory factors this relationship between residential choices andtravel, especially for this student population. This is the issue we want to question in this article.

Investigation of optimal relative risk aversion degree for use in VSL measurement based on happinesssurveyDr. Ryuta Mori1, Dr. Kazunori Nakajima2, Dr. Naoki Sakamoto3, Dr. Masafumi Morisugi1, Dr. Eiji Ohno1
1

Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan, 2University of Hyogo, Himeji, Japan, 3Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan

G19-O3 Health and Environmental Issues
MILC_Room 409, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In recent years, based on data of the happiness survey aimed at clarifying determinants of subjective
happiness, economic evaluation of various mortality risks can be implemented. So, we conducted thehappiness survey through the internet-based questionnaire survey about thousands of people in Japan,
estimate a happiness function using an ordered response model, and measure the value of a statistical life
(VSL).
As a result, the characteristics of VSL by attribute are similar to the tendencies of existing studies. On theother hand, the VSL measured by us was smaller than VSL (about estimated by the Japanese government
agency) commonly used in Japan by about one order of magnitude. By the way, VSL depends greatly on
relative risk aversion degree. In fact, there are cases where existing research uses the value of relative risk
aversion degree different from ours. In other words, it is thought that this is why the VSL measured by us
has become a small value.
Therefore, we tried to solve the problem with the following procedure. Firstly, VSL measurement was
performed again using data obtained in the above survey and the relative risk aversion degree used in theexisting study. Next, we calibrated the VSL that we first estimated to the VSL which is commonly used inJapan, and tried to estimate the relative risk aversion degree. Finally, based on these results, we examined
the optimal relative risk aversion degree for use in VSL measurement based on the happiness survey.

290

Agglomeration externalities and offer of firm sponsored training : evidence from France
Mr Yoann Morin1, Dr Lionel Védrine
1

CESAER, Dijon , France

G08-YS1 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
IUT_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Previous literature on training and agglomeration economies have interpreted the negative effect of
employment density on the access to training as an evidence of poaching effects prevailing over pooling
effects. However, the consensus on previous studies of the empirics of agglomeration economies is toconsider employment density as a proxy for all agglomeration economies. If we decompose them in sharing,
matching and learning, then pooling is only a part of sharing economies. As such, previous studies haveneglected a huge part of agglomeration economies when interpreting its effects on training. Because
identifying each type of agglomeration effect is still a complicated work to undertake, we instead propose amethodology to identify poaching effects. If the coefficient associated with employment density is stillnegative when controlling for poaching, then the negative effect of agglomeration on training need to beinterpreted differently than is has been done in previous works. In the case of training, poaching effects
occurs when employees who were trained by their employer are poached by other firms because they canoffer higher wages by not having to pay for the training. Thus, our identification strategy is based on theconstruction of an indicator of the turn-over in each firm. To study this, we use data on french firms : ourdata contains informations about individual characteristics of firms, but also about each of their employees.
Using the informations about their employees, we construct our indicator of the turn-over. Our preliminary
results show that when we control for the turn-over, the effect of employment density is still negative andsignificant, so we suggest a new interpretation of the effects of agglomeration on training.

Firms returns to training and agglomeration : a generalized propensity score matching approach.
Mr Yoann Morin1, Dr Lionel Védrine1
1

CESAER, Dijon Cedex, France

S51-S2 Counterfactual methods for regional policy evaluation: Social and labour policies
IUT_Room 304, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Previous literature on training and agglomeration economies have shown that local labour market
characteristics impact firm sponsored training negatively. In the French case, firms have an obligation toinvest a part of the payroll in training by the law of 1971: thus, in denser areas, this obligation to train could
lead firms to over-invest into training. This effect in denser areas is explained by matching effects: firms are
more likely to find workers with the proper skills and their need to train workers could be therefore lessimportant. On the other hand, it has been shown that when local sectoral competition is harder, firms are
more likely to offer longer training. Indeed, in denser areas firms who can't find the right worker for a job
could also provide longer training to train their workers for the specific skills they need. This could lead toheterogeneous returns to training for firms. The first part of this study uses a generalized propensity scorematching approach to identify the effects of training on firms' economic activity. Then, we study how theseeffects could be heterogeneous depending on local labour market characteristics. We use French data
about firms' workers, firms economic activity (balance sheet) and a unique dataset of training investment
for every french firm with more than 10 employees.

291

Adequate Timing to Implement Sewage and Water Supply System in the Developing Countries
Prof. Masafumi Morisugi1, Ms. Hyorim Lee2, Mr. Gou Tomoda1, Dr. Ryuta Mori1, Prof. Eiji Ohno1, Prof.
Kazunori Nakajima3, Prof. Naoki Sakamoto4
1

Meijo University, Nagoya City, Japan, 2Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan, 3University of Hyogo, Himeji City, Japan,
Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Japan

4

G19-O1 Health and Environmental Issues
MILC_Room 409, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Mortality risk due to water pollution (ex. diarrheal diseases and digestive organ diseases) is one of theserious problems, especially for Asian developing countries. The timing to carry out a policy or a project(implementation of sewage and water supply system are typical examples) against such a problem is the
typical debate issue as ever.
In the precedent researches, we have conducted surveys in Vietnam and Laos asking citizens' willingness topay (WTP) for such a hypothetical water service which is assumed to reduce one's mortality risk due towater quality, namely Option. We also found a relatively robust relationship between their age and WTP(=Option Price) in both of theoretical and econometric perspectives. Especially the level of income seems toaffect WTP positively. It means that there should be a certain point of time on their way of economic
developing those nations achieve such status to pay water and sewage bills sufficiently.
Subsequently in this study, with a new survey data set in Cambodia, we also derive Option Value that isnamely a non-use value of the hypothetical water service. For a reason that there is a number of insolvent
people to pay the fee of such water service and sanitation in developing countries, we propose analternative benefit index which is combined with Option Price, Option Value, and also their annual income
properly. Regarding this measurement and comparing the countries that have implemented sufficient levelof water and sewage system with the ones that have not done any yet, we examine whether there is such aturning point on the depicted trajectory graph. Finally, we discussed the adequateness of theEnvironmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis about environmental load which likely makes water quality
worsen off.

Conceptual and empirical underpinnings of local wellbeing
Prof. Philip S. Morrison1
1

Victoria University Of Wellington , Wellington, New Zealand

G20-O1 Social Innovation for Resilient Regions
IUT_Room 203, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper focuses on the concept and measurement of context effects which are central to anunderstanding of local wellbeing. Context is a combination of the objective characteristics of the locality as
well as their subjective interpretation by the individual.
I explore the extent to which context effects vary with definitions of wellbeing, the type of individual (their
attribute mix) and the characteristics of the locality or place they live in. The results are designed to inform
local policy and planning following the passage of the revised (New Zealand) Local Government Act which
will allow greater focus on the so-called ‘four wellbeings’ (social, economic, environmental and cultural
wellbeing).
While the primary empirical source of testing is the 2018 New Zealand Quality of Life Survey, key
propositions are also tested on the more extensive 2016 European Social Survey multilevel data file.
Among the questions motivating this study are whether the wellbeing impacts of wider and deeper social
connection are more positive in some localities than others, what place characteristics might account forthese differences and the degree to which their impact (association) varies by the type of individual.
292

Production Dynamics in Multi-product Firms’ Exporting
Prof. Kazunobu Hayakawa1, Prof. Hayato Kato2, Prof. Toshiyuki Matsuura2, Prof. Hiroshi Mukunoki3
1

Institute of Developing Economies, Chiba, Japan, 2Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, 3Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan

S42-S2 Causes and Effects of Regional Integration: Development of Local Economy via Mobility
IUT_Room 210, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
To create rooms for production capacity for exported products, new exporters may decrease either or boththe production of the other products and that of exported products for the domestic market. Namely, whenstarting exporting, firms need to reallocate their resource across products and markets. The purpose of thisstudy is to investigate the within-plant resource reallocation across products and markets when multiproduct firms start exporting. To this end, we employ the Indonesian manufacturing surveys during 20002012. As a result, we found the different pattern of resource reallocation between when the first exported
product is a core-competence product or not. Also, it is found to be different according to firms’ resource
abundance.
Integrating Cost Benefit Analysis with Economic Impact Analysis to evaluate government assistance forstaging regional events: Motor Racing Bathurst Australia
Dr. Thomas Murphy1, Dr John Hicks2
1

Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia, 2Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia

S52-S1 Joint SBCA ERSA Session on Evaluation
IUT_Room 408, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Local, State and Federal governments in Australia sometimes provide financial assistance for the staging of
events in regional centres to enrich the cultural experience in these centres and to stimulate the local
economy in terms of economic growth, employment and household income. The economic efficacy of thisgovernment support is usually assessed by two separate techniques Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) andEconomic Impact Analysis (EIA). Some argue that the two approaches are complementary while othersargue strongly for the primacy of CBA over EIA. It is argued in this paper that integrating the two approaches
is the most appropriate technique for evaluating government assistance for regional events. The approach isillustrated using the case of the Mount Panorama Motor Racing Circuit at Bathurst Australia.

Importance of Social interaction for Next-Gen Cities
Dr. Vinko Mustra1
1

Faculty Of Economics,Business and Tourism University Of Split, Split, Croatia

S03-S2 Engaging with the Digital World: the effects for society, places and individuals
IUT_Room 404, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In the current urban century, recognition and documentation of the presence of agglomeration economies
has been well defined (e.g. Puga, 2010, Glaeser, 2011, Kourtit and Nijkamp,2016, 2018). Yet, understanding
the causes of agglomeration economies is still open process without clear results (Puga, 2010, Martinus andStigler, 2018) but with no doubts about the importance of the knowledge. The key ingredients of theoretical
approaches lie in the fact that knowledge is conceptually distinct from information (Feldman and Audretsch,1999) and that knowledge "is best transmitted via face-to-face interaction and through frequent contact(Feldman and Audretsch (1999). As a result, importance of social interaction (Akerlof, 1997; Glaeser et al.,293

1996; Ballester et al., 2006; Calvó-Armengol et al., 2009) and especially the critical role of space for social
interactions has been recognized (Brueckner, Thisse and Zenou, 2002; Helsley and Strange, 2007; Bruecknerand Largey 2008; Zenou, 2013; Helsley and Zenou, 2014, Buchel and von Echrlich, 2016).
At the same time, digital revolution and the underlying new technoeconomic paradigm are associated withcreating drastic social changes (Tranos and Nijkamp, 2012) resulted with increasing attention to the role
played by information and communication technologies for social interactions (e.g., Bruni & Stanca, 2008;
Shapiro, & Sinkinson, 2011; Kearney & Levine, 2015; La Ferrara, Chong, & Duryea, 2012; Misra, Cheng,
Genevie, & Yuan, 2016; Pénard, Poussing, & Suire, 2013;). However, it seems the exiting literature andresearch offers space for many questions on its space-time trajectories and its social implications.
Thus, the paper tries to analyse does and how digital transformation aﬀect the social interactions in urban
areas. In first place it tries to offer conceptual framework that will confront exiting empirical evidence
claiming higher efficiency of social networks in urban areas (Buchel and von Echrlich, 2016) with the studies
showing higher level of society digitalization not only leads to less time for face-to-face social interactions(e.g. Olkean, 2009; Mumford & Winner, 2010) but also to the reduced quality of face-to face social
interactions (Misra & Stokols, 2012, Pea et al., 2012, Rotondi et al, 2017).
Finally, the digital revolution and knowledge creation, transmission and accumulation are a highlyinterdepended processes requiring analysis and focus that should stimulate researchers to pay more
attention on theoretical explanation for possible channels through which digital transformation might affectspace-time trajectories of the knowledge but also lead policy makers to better understand agglomeration
forces and deliver more effective policy measures.

Benefit evaluation of Linear Chuo Shinkansen with the SCGE model
Dr. Shinichi Muto1, Mr. Kazuki Hirabayashi1
1

University Of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan

G17-R1 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 110, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
INTRODUCTION
The Maglev called by the Linear Chuo Shinkansen is going to open from Tokyo to Nagoya by 2027, andextended until Osaka by 2045 in Japan. The required time of the Linear Chuo Shinkansen from Tokyo to
Nagoya which has 500 km distance will be 40 minutes from 90 minute that is the present required time of
Tokaido Shinkansen. Its reduced ratio of required time is 56%. The required time from Tokyo to Osaka byextended the Linear Chuo Shinkansen until Osaka will be about 70 minutes from 190 minutes that is present
time. Its reduced ratio of required time is 63%. The Linear Chuo Shinkansen is going to connect Tokyo
largest metropolitan area, Chukyo metropolitan area and Kinki metropolitan area in around one hour. So
people trips will be more active, and large economic effects are expected be generated for sightseeing,business and so on. However the fee of Linear Chuo Shinkansen is necessary to be set appropriately to occur
those benefits certainly. Though appropriate fee is generally marginal cost pricing, Linear Chuo Shinkansen’s
fee is not necessarily appropriate because to existing fixed costs such as constructing costs. When Linear
Chuo Shinkansen’s fee is set by marginal cost pricing despite existing fixed costs, JR Tokai (the Central Japan
Railway Co.) which is operating entity of Linear Chuo Shinkansen suffers a deficit because he cannot collectfixed costs. When fixed costs exist, a deficit is eliminated by average costs pricing. However, it is afraid that
JR Tokai may set higher fee than average costs pricing, because he owns constructed infrastructures, caneliminate new entry and will be regional monopoly. Higher fees occur to decrease user’s benefit, so it isnecessary to evaluate benefits of Linear Chuo Shinkansen by being considered setting fee.
In this paper, we show marginal each fee by marginal cost pricing, average cost pricing and monopoly
pricing estimated by producing cost data which is published by JR Tokai. Next, we try to build the SCGE
model incorporating high speed railway network, and introduced explicitly a producing behavior of294

transport sector. And we incorporate fixed costs or monopoly to the SCGE model to measure impacts fordifference of set fee. As a result, we become able to treat transport cost endogenously that must change by
carrying out transport projects. Finally, we calculate benefits of Linear Chuo Shinkansen for each set fee.

Territorial intermediation device in the entrepreneurial ecosystem: the case of students incubators
Dr. Fabien Nadou1
1

Ecole de Management de Normandie, Caen, France

S18-S2 Entrepreneurship and local development: symbiosis and/or dissonance?
UdL_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The systems and structures for supporting and developing entrepreneurship have enjoyed a strong growthover the past twenty years in all French territories. This important deployment is based on strategies,
relationships and behaviors between public and private actors, in a reach an entrepreneurial ecosystem ofresources, value creation and attractiveness. This relationship and coordination dynamic within the system
requires anchor points and intermediation processes between actors to make the ecosystem operationaland sustainable. Incubators, particularly student incubators, carry potential in setting up theseintermediation processes that favor the creation of new spaces and territories for entrepreneurial support.
We propose here to put the notion of territorial intermediation in an exploratory perspective, resting thequestion of the conceptual links between territories and entrepreneurship, but also on the empirical level,by the observation of the "InsIde" incubator in Normandy, which has developed initiatives to make thesupport model for young creators more efficient and innovative. The case study is about a business school
incubator, which try to develop a territorial ecosystem to promote the creation economic activities by
students.
The issues related to entrepreneurial support require the integration of explanatory models that take into
account the spatial and territorial dimensions (Bacha et al., 2016) as their role becomes a key factor in theimplementation and sustainability of the ecosystem.
The conceptual question that we ask is that of the organization of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, which stilllacks theorization (Acs et al., 2014, Stam, 2015), in relation to the territory. Do the processes of territorialintermediation, which correspond to relational dynamics and behaviors between actors inscribed on aterritory (Lacour, 1996, Nadou, 2013), can they contribute to better understanding the functioning ofentrepreneurial ecosystems? On the empirical level, our objective is to examine, the role of incubators, inparticular students, in the development of entrepreneurship and to see if these they allow the definition
and the formalization of new spaces and territories of entrepreneurial accompaniment (Bories-Azeau et al.,2018). To what extent do certain schemes developed by incubators enable the emergence of new
relationships between territorial actors and form part of a process of territorial intermediation favoring theestablishment of entrepreneurial ecosystems geared towards students?
Data on the ability to organize new entrepreneurship support spaces, to federate competing,complementary, but sometimes unreadable devices for young creators come from both semi-structured
interviews with responsible for the incubator and support program, specifically observed and analyzed.

Working towards agile entrepreneurial ecosystems: The “French Tech” caseDr. Sébastien Bourdin1, Dr Fabien Nadou
1

Normandy Business School, Caen, France

G21-O3 Innovation and Entrepreneurship
UdL_Room 106, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
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For around a dozen years, public economic development policies have fo-cused on innovation,competitiveness and regional structuring processes that help businesses to collaborate and innovate. Many
local development agencies and organisations have begun to introduce or implement support andfacilitation measures. From this perspective, the “French Tech” initia-tive, launched in France in 2013, raises
the question of the value added and the ripple effect that this type of public policy can have in consolidating
entrepreneurial ecosystems and helping to develop innovative start-ups. The present paper shows the needfor public policies to cultivate agile schemes that can draw together all the main local stakeholders bymeans of proximities that boost innovation and the globalisation of start-ups.

Regional economic impacts of flood due to climate change in Japan: A Computable General Equilibrium
Modelling Approach
Dr. Kazunori Nakajima1, Dr. Masafumi Morisugi2, Dr. Naoki Sakamoto3, Mr. Go Tomoda2, Dr. Ryuta Mori2, Dr.
Eiji Ohno2
1

University of Hyogo, Himeji, Japan, 2Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan, 3Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan

S32-S1 Spatial CGE, land use and transport modeling,
IUT_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
To examine damages of increase in the long-term flood due to climate change on prefectural economic
activities in Japan, we develop a quasi-dynamic multi-regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeland measure flood damage costs and adaptation benefits using some climate scenarios. The findings in thisstudy are shown as follows.
(1) In 2031-2050, the average flood damage costs were estimated respectively as 581.2 million yen per yearin RCP2.6 and as 585.0 million yen per year in RCP8.5 (MIROC5). On the other hand, the average prefectural
flood damage costs were estimated respectively as -0.20 million yen per year (benefit) to 10.30 million yen
per year in RCP2.6, and as -0.22 million yen per year (benefit) to 10.31 million yen per year in RCP8.5. We
found that, in spite of increasing in flood damage due to climate change, some prefectures had positive
impacts of flood on economic activities.
(2) In 2031-2050, decreases in the average GDP were estimated respectively as -0.805% per year in RCP2.6
and as -0.811% per year in RCP8.5 (MIROC5). On the other hand, decreases in the average prefectural GDP
were estimated respectively as -0.14% per year to -2.63% per year in RCP2.6, and as -0.14% per year to 2.68% per year in RCP8.5.
(3)
The primary industry, the petroleum and coal products sector, and the electronic equipment sector
were affected negatively by decreases in their outputs due to flood damage. On the other hand, themachinery sector, the construction sector, and the tertiary industry had insignificant impacts on their
outputs. Additionally, whereas prefectures in Kyushu region had relatively negative impacts of flood on theirindustries, some industrial sectors in Tokyo, Kanagawa, Osaka and Fukuoka had positive impacts.

Flamenco as an example of sustainability: factors to take into account to boost consumption among
young people
Dr. Jésus Manuel De Sancha Navarro1, Dra. María Dolores Oliver-Alfonso, Juan Lara Rubio
1

University of Seville, , Spain

S67-S1 Sustainability, water and energy use in the productive sectors: tourism, services, industry, agriculture
and administrations
MILC_Room 409, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM

296

Flamenco is a musical genre which, according to the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE), can be defined as
certain sociocultural manifestations generally associated with the gypsy people, and which has special roots
in Andalusia. This musical genre was declared intangible heritage by UNESCO on 16 November, 2010 in
Nairobi (Kenya).
Focusing on the economics of flamenco, we concur with Ortega (2006) who states that the importance offlamenco in all its meanings is undeniable in the development of Andalusia’s cultural industry, and is key toSpain’s image overseas, being an exportable product. In addition, a study carried out by the Ministry of
Tourism confirms that flamenco is one of the main motivations for visiting Andalusia, with the most
attractive being singing and dancing (Turismo Andaluz, 2004). Flamenco is thus inextricably linked to
Andalusian culture. Seville, where our empirical work was carried out, is one of the main centres for its
development, and is where there has been sustained growth recently in terms of its supply (Palma et al. al.,2017).
The analysis of the work we present, from the demand standpoint, is framed within a quantitative approach
using the survey method. For this, we first designed a questionnaire and then selected the sample, in
accordance with the data offered by the latest available University of Seville statistical yearbook (2014-15).
Subsequently, an artificial neural network of the Multilayer Perceptrom type was used, a non-parametricmodel with a better performance than the parametric techniques (logit, probit, etc.).
The objective of this research is twofold: to identify the explanatory factors of the intention of the youngest
to attend flamenco, and to elaborate a series of proposals that help to boost their consumption, favoring
the sustainability of Flamenco as a cultural economy. Among the results, we highlight that one of the main
issues influencing attendance is human and cultural capital.
This work may be interesting for cultural programmers, who try to estimate and predict a minimum level ofattendance to their shows, in order to achieve the economic-financial sustainability of them.

Resilient metropolitan areas in Romania – the shift from forced cooperation to collaborative governance.
A case study
Prof. Bogdana Neamtu1, Prof Calin Hintea1, Prof Viorel Stanica1
1

Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

S40-S2 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The paper addresses the issues of collaborative governance in the context of the metropolitan areas from
Romania. As secondary cities are becoming the engines of the national economy, there is a growing interestin how these cities can function better, develop even further, and moreover, determine spillover effects interms of economic growth, better service delivery, and increased quality of life into the surrounding ruralcommunities. The central government has mandated a type of “mandatory” cooperation in the frameworkof metropolitan areas attached to the growth poles, as a precondition for receiving European money.
However, the communities that are part of these areas are currently searching for ways to move away fromthis top-down induced cooperation towards more bottom-up collaborative partnerships. Based on theliterature review, we developed an analytical model for understanding how one specific metropolitan area,
namely the Cluj-Napoca one, functions. The empirical research includes interviews with the mayors of all
local communities from the metropolitan area. The results are rather interesting – legal and policy context
are currently not very conducing for bottom-up cooperation and some of the drivers which foster
cooperation, especially leadership, are emerging but not fully developed yet.

297

From being smart to becoming wise: how capable are innovation policies to foster a knowledge driven
strategy that promote growth?
Dr. Daniela Nepote1, dr Filomena Berardi1
1

Ires Piemonte, Torino, Italy

G08-O4 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The economic and financial crisis that hit the world economy in 2008, has led Europe to question itself on
the redefinition of the role of companies and their positioning within the economic ecosystem in relation torestarting economies. Amongst the innumerable economic policy tools to promote economic development
and to foster growth, the majority of current cluster policies in European countries have targeted emerging
industries and emerging technologies. This is especially the case when those policies are strongly related toinnovation and R&D support, as well as to Smart Specialization Strategies (S3). Accordingly, the mostimportant measures for clusters support refer to the engagement of SMEs, research and development, andinternationalization. It is important to note that interventions may have an effect on economics which are
not easy to measure. In fact, according to the “regional innovation paradox” (Oughton C., Landabaso M., &Morgan k., 2002) innovation does not translate automatically and everywhere in better economic
performance, posing a problem of a reliable performance’s evaluation. Moreover, quantitative attempts tomeasure the impact of innovation may be made difficult by the well-known problems of defining
innovation, and the obvious pitfalls of using R&D expenditure as a proxy (Boschma and Frenken, 2006). The
final scope of this paper is to outline a number of reasons for which a comprehensive approach on cluster
evaluation is needed and therefore to elaborate a number of possible strategies to define it. This paper
highlights the development of the cluster strategy in Piedmont Region as a case study.

Determinants of technology-specific R&D collaboration networks: Evidence from a spatial interaction
modelling perspective
Ms Martina Neuländtner1, Dr. Thomas Scherngell1
1

AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria

G07-O5 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
It is commonly acknowledged, that the creation of knowledge is the result of interactive, collaborative
learning processes among organizations of different types located in different geographical spaces (regions).
Especially, in a strongly knowledge-based economy built on fast-growing and R&D intensive technologies
such as Key Enabling Technologies (KETs), collaborative knowledge creation is increasingly gaining
importance to rapidly enable access to external, nation-wide and global new sources of knowledge. With
the focus on technology-specific R&D collaboration networks in six different KETs, each representing
different knowledge bases and modes of (collaborative) knowledge creation, we emphasize the determiningrole of technology-specific heterogeneities. The objective is to estimate determinants of these technologyspecific R&D collaboration networks, with a special focus on spatial separation and network structuraleffects. We employ a spatially filtered negative binomial spatial interaction model with a set of 506
metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions to identify differences in the determinants of technologicalknowledge flows, proxied by EU-funded collaborative projects. The results show that the role of thedeterminants under consideration indeed differ across the inter-regional collaboration networks in the six
KETs, not so much in terms of significance and direction, but in terms of their relative importance.
Geographical barriers are significant, both regarding geographical distance and country border effects.
Moreover, network structural effects are of high importance, but do not remove spatial effects in all KETs.
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Both spatial and network effects seem to be of higher relevance for more industrial and engineering based
than more science based technological fields.

Sorting in an urban housing market - is there a response to demographic Change?
Dr. Uwe Neumann1, Lisa Taruttis1
1

RWI - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Essen, Germany

S38-S2 Housing Markets: information, taxes, prices
IUT_Room 108, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In urban areas, there is considerable neighbourhood-level variation in population characteristics. Using
Dortmund as a case study we analyse whether and to what extent rents, housing prices and segregation
dynamics corresponded with demographic ageing in urban neighbourhoods between 2007 and 2016. In a
two-step analysis based on a hedonic pricing model and a discrete-choice model of housing location we findthat in Dortmund so far there has been no slump of the housing market in neighbourhoods where thepopulation ages more rapidly. Nevertheless, over the study period demographic segregation was on the rise
and, according to a hedonic analysis, prices for apartments were higher in districts with a comparatively“younger” population. In the course of further demographic change in Germany, which has come to acontemporary halt due to immigration, the response to ageing on urban housing markets in terms oflocation choice and prices may therefore become more evident. A large-scale urban regeneration project
has revitalised the housing market of a declining Dortmund community during this decade. Since local
ageing has not affected housing markets severely so far, it appears to be within the scope of urban policy to
upgrade the attractiveness of ageing neighbourhoods as perceived by younger generations.

Structural effects of cluster policies : Evidence from France
Mr Konan Alain N'ghauran1
1

University Of Saint-Etienne, Gate LSE, Saint-Etienne, France

S14-S1 Collaboration-based innovation policies: theory, empirics and practitioner feedbacks
UdL_Room 106, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This paper investigates the effects of the French cluster policy during the period 2005-2010, with a focus on
the structure of local innovation networks. It evaluates how cluster policies influence the structuration of
innovation networks following four topologies: embeddedness or connectivity, efficiency, resilience andgeographical anchoring. We run panel regressions (with fixed or random effects) using 4 periods data and
94 NUTS2 French regions. Although the French cluster policy has significantly increased network
connectivity for all the French departments, our preliminary results indicate that there is substantial
heterogeneity in the effects of the policy, especially regarding the other topologies.

Mean Reversion of the German City System After WWII: To What Mean?
Mr Duc Nguyen1
1

University Of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

G12-YS1 Location of Economic Activity (EPAINOS)
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM

299

This paper uses the synthetic control method to construct comparison units for West-German cities. We use
these as counterfactuals to assess the long-run impact of the WWII bombings on the economic activity of 52
West-German cities, and the West-German city size distribution. We extend the literature in that we do not
only look for whether cities following the WWII bombing shock are mean-reverting or not, but the use ofcounterfactuals allows us to distinguish whether individual cities experienced a positive or negative impact
as well. We find a permanent impact on the majority of cities, where the ratio of positive to negative impact
cities is around 5 to 6. Also higher populated metropolitan cities before WWII tend to either return or bepositive impact cities, while negative impact cities mostly consist of lower populated places with the
exception of Berlin. We also find a non-random decline of the majority of counterfactual cities around the1960s. Overall, our findings support a hybrid theory, where the determinants of a city’s size are underlying
mutable locational fundamentals, and increasing returns.

Carpooling in Paris Region : the question of the critical mass
Mr Dany Nguyen-luong1
1

IAU île-de-france, Paris, France

S31-S1 Carpooling for daily trips
IUT_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
We propose two presentations in one. The first one concerns the results of an experimentation conductedby Ile-de-France Mobility, the Transport Authority. In Paris-Île-de-France Region (12 M people, 12 000 sqkm), the last known figure (HTS 2010) of the car occupancy rate is 1.30 for all purposes and only 1.05 forhome-work. So there is a huge potential in carpooling to reduce car traffic if you manage to increasesignificantly the car occupancy. IDFM conducted from october 2017 to september 2018 an experimentation,with a dozen of intermediation plateforms (Karos, Klaxit, IdVroom, etc), of a monetary incentive toencourage carpooling (2 € per trip limited to 2 trips per day). The main result is that the monetary incentive
is not attractive enough, in view of the constraints (detour, uncertainty about the return, fear of theunknown), to generate the famous critical mass which is necessary to turn carpooling into a massive mode.
Other incentives such as travel time reduction seem more interesting with, for example, dedicated HOV
lanes. Secondly, we will present mainly a methodology to model simply mixed lanes on highways dedicatedto HOV and express buses in case you do not have any reliable intermodal traffic model, just a classicalstatic monomodal model, since most models are more or less still monomodal today. The application of thismethodology is under way, the first results may be presented, otherwise it will be interesting to discuss
about this methodology with the participants.

How do local stakeholders consider transport and housing energy precariousness? An example of new
territorial governance issues
Dr. Jean-Pierre Nicolas1, Dr Marie-Clotilde Meillerand1, Dr Sébastien Gardon2, Dr Vincent Warwzyniak3, Dr
Natacha Gondran4
1

ENTPE LAET - Université de Lyon, Vaulx-en-Velin , France, 2VetAgro Sup, Ecully, France, 3Auvergne Rhone-Alpes EnergieEnvironnement, Lyon, France, 4Ecole des Mines de Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France

S23-S1 Territorial and place-based governance, (new) processes for local coordination
IUT_Room 303, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In the framework of that session on territorial and placed-based governance, we would be pleased topresent the result of the RESILIENCE project on the interplay of local actors involved in energy
precariousness in 3 French territories with distinctive characteristics (rural, peri-urban and urban).
300

Despite their growing interest for energy price issues, local stakeholders have difficulties to take into
consideration the combined impact of household location on their housing heating and their daily mobility
gasoline consumption. First, there is a lack of local databases crossing household expenses for housing andtransport, which would allow better territorial diagnosis; second, and this is what we would like to point out
in that communication, the local governance is structured by sector of action (housing, transport, energy,social, etc.), and it could be difficult for stakeholders to provide coherent answers when facing such atransversal issue.
How do these stakeholders coming from different sectors interplay? How do the territorial specificities
interfere with their positioning and their local actions? These specificities can be economical, institutional,
geographical, etc., but we will also emphasis on the historical dimension that can strongly affect thecooperation between actors.
The 3 territories that have been investigated are the Trièves ‘communauté de communes’, a rural territory
located 30-40 kilometers in the south of Grenoble conurbation, the urban municipality of Saint Fons,
integrated into the ‘Métropole de Lyon’, and the peri-urban territory of the ‘SCOT du Rovaltain’ (Roman,
Valence, Tain-l’Hermitage, in the Rhône valley). These 3 territories are representative of French local
collectivities with different fields of competence, at different scales and with different household energy
issues: how does it influence the local stakeholders and their action? In the same time, the selection ofthese 3 territories is due to their very soon implication on energy and social issues, and theexperimentations they then have been able to conduct.
Our presentation will focus on the way of housing and transport precariousness is ownershiped by local
stakeholders of these 3 territories, with a particular attention on how they work together on that issue, thedata and knowledge they mobilise, the difficulties and blocks they meet, how they identify theconsequences of some spatial planning choices. The question of transversality and cross-sectorial
cooperation will be a core issue of our presentation.

Work experience and graduate migration in Germany – new evidence from an event history analysis
Ms Annekatrin Niebuhr1, Mr Christian Teichert2, Ms Anne Otto2, Ms Anja Rossen2
1

Institute For Employment Research, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 2Institute for Employment
Research, Nürnberg, Germany

S41-S6 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
We use administrative social security records and event history analysis to investigate the significance ofprevious work experience for the migration decision of German university graduates. The regression results
suggest that work experience gained previously and while studying in the university region reduces thelikelihood of graduates out-migrating, while extra-regional work activity enhances the probability of labour
market entry outside the region of study. The size of the effect depends on the type of work experience.
The findings point to the importance of knowledge about local labour markets and social networks forgraduates’ migration decision at the start of their career.

301

Intermodal terminals in an urban context
Mr Nierat Patrick1
1

Ifsttar, Marne La Vallée Cedex 2, France

S30-S2 Connecting short and long distance perspectives in freight transportation
IUT_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In many cities, local government implements urban logistics measures to achieve sustainable development.
At the same time, national authorities promote the use of combined transport for long-distance trade
because of its environmental qualities. For this solution, the economic analysis shows that it is cost effective
when the carrier finds its customers within a market area around the terminal. The location of the terminal
therefore appears as a fundamental factor in the efficiency of combined transport.
Where the terminal should be located in relation to the carrier’s interest? Should it be closer to the city or
should it be located away from it? What will be the induced nuisances, especially in terms of traffic?
To shed some light onto these issues, a case study has been carried out on a rail-road carrier. It makes useof rail services between the south-east of France and Paris terminals; it collects and delivers the goods bytrucks. The activity of the 74 trucks assigned to pre- and post-haulage around Paris has been monitored. We
collected detailed data such as origins, destinations, filling ratio and repositioning routes. Company’s
performance parameters (daily mileage, empty load rate, number of operations per truck…) have been used
to calculate its theoretical market area.
Through a comparison between theoretical and observed market areas, we question the location of theterminal in relation to the center of Paris. This work shows in a new light the issues of location of a terminal
as well as the counterproductive effects that can have the transport policy yet focused on the promotion ofrail services.

Train stations as an attractor for business
Dr. Désirée Nilsson1
1

Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden

G12-O3 Location of Economic Activity
MILC_Room 310, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Public transport is often discussed as having a structuring effect on land use in cities and spatial interaction
and development (Bjerkemo, 2011). Investment in infrastructure also influence how business organise
production, distribution and location decisions (Holl, 2006). Rail infrastructure usually has more impact onsurrounding society than other transit systems. The purpose in this paper is to study if new centrally locatedrailway infrastructure influence location decisions of business and in such case what type of business ismore attracted to train stations? Chatman & Noland (2011) provides a theoretical discussion on how public
transport improvements can have an impact on productivity. Mejia-dorantes, Paez, & Manuel (2012) studies
the impact of public transport infrastructure and finds that urban accessibility is related to economic
activity.
The case studied is Malmö city tunnel, which opened in 2010. Two new city stations opened, which connect
to the old city station. The three stations have different attributes, one station was built on undeveloped
land and the other in parts of the city which already had a built environment with established businesses.
The original city station was changed to a through station, with easier access to other parts of the city. Data
used for analysing spatial changes of business is a micro-level data base where business sector is identified
as well as employee educational level and other business characteristic.

302

Food deserts in Sweden
Ms Helena Nilsson1
1

Jönköping International Business School, 55314, Sweden

G04-O13 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In many of the advanced economies there has been a spatial concentration of people as well as economic
activity occurring in the past couple of decades. In some industries the concentration of firms, however, has
outpaced the concentration of the population, giving rise to increasing distances from inhabitants todifferent service providers. Food store desertification has been a growing phenomenon in a number ofcountries. With the increase of online retailing and home delivery, the pressure on the physical store has
increased with the result in a decline in the number of stores. The present study examines the state anddevelopment of food deserts in Sweden between 2000-2013. Using a panel of 2500 neighborhoods, themedian distance to the nearest food store is calculated and the development of food deserts between two
points in time is examined. In a subsequent analysis the drivers of the change are investigated using aspatial panel fixed effects framework. It is found that despite the growth of e-commerce, there has only
been only a minor increase in average distance to nearest food store, while the maximum distance even has
decreased. A spatial-temporal analysis of the data however shows that there is a correlation between
distance and population size, and that, in the long run, the access to food stores will continue to decline inareas with shrinking populations.
See extended abstract online.

The risks involved and determining factors over the stagnation period of tourism area life cycle (TALC) in
the Onsen-tourism destinations
Prof. Kazuo Nishii1
1

University Of Marketing And Distribution Sciences, Kobe, Japan

G18-O3 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This study is motivated by the news that the earthquake struck Hokkaido last September and caused
damage to tourism related industries at Noboribetsu, reporting anxiety that the damage will last long. The
Noboribetsu Hot-Springs Resort is one of the Onsen tourism destinations, where a varied set of spa-related
services and health-oriented activities are required for the attraction and satisfaction of wellness travelers.
This study aims to quantitatively analyze the Tourism Area Life Cycle (denoted TALC) in the Onsen tourism
destinations and to identify involved risks and determining factors over the stagnation period.
In this study, we start to review the TALC researches referring to recent advances by Butler et.al (2006) andsummarize them as follows: The first perspective is that there exists the variety of the TALC evolutionary
processes depending on differences in both external and internal impacts. The second perspective concerns
the diversified situations during the reorientation period of the TALC. Such diversification covers situations
that range from decline to rejuvenation. Tourism destination marketers take evasive action to reorient
forward to the post-stagnation period. Nonetheless, the types of destination management strategies varyfrom case to case corresponding to the circumstances specific to the surrounding areas. This means that abetter understanding of the actual situation of the TALC should be required for better decisions with respect
to area management strategies.
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Based on these perspectives, the TALCs in Hokkaido and the Noboribetsu destination are quantitatively
analyzed comparing with other hot-springs spa resorts. The analysis specifies evolutionary growth patterns
and identifies what period they are actually positioned in their life cycles. It also intends to explore the risks
and factors determining the fluctuation, especially in the stagnation period.
The results show that the TALC in Hokkaido can be classified into a stepped-up growth pattern: In the
stepped-up stage, positive social capital impact caused pushing up the carrying capacity. They also indicatethat the actual situation in Noboribetsu has been positioned into the stagnation period since 1970s. When
our focusing on the risks involved over 40 years, it can be found that several earthquakes significantly offer
negative impact on the number of visitors to Hokkaido and that the range of negative impact accounts from
2.4 to 9.6 points in a decreasing rate of the previous year.
Finally, we will try to clarify challenges on how we can inclusively manage the risks inherent in thesestagnated tourism destinations to move the rejuvenation period.

Effect of Bilateral Free Trade Agreement on Technology Choice
Mr Ryoichi Nomura1
1

Ritsumeikan University, KUSATSU, SHIGA, Japan

S42-S1 Causes and Effects of Regional Integration: Development of Local Economy via Mobility
IUT_Room 210, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This paper examines how the formation of bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) affects firms’ technology
choice in a three-country model, where each country has a domestic market and a local firm. We constructa following model: In the first stage, firms choose production technologies simultaneously andindependently. We assume that firms can reduce their production cost by engaging Research andDevelopment (R&D) activities. In the second stage, governments determine the tariff levels so as tomaximize own national welfare. Governments set their tariff level under the Most Favored Nation clause
when there is no FTA, while governments of FTA eliminate tariff each other and set only eternal tariffagainst non-member country under the FTA. In the third stage, firms compete a la Cournot in all markets.
Our main conclusions are as follows: (i) a formation of bilateral FTA tends to encourage member firms’ R&D
investment, (ii) it discourages an adoption of new technology by non-member firm under some condition,and then decreases the number of investing firms, and (iii) it may discourage member firms’ R&D
investment and encourage non-member firm’s R&D investment.

Neighbourhood attainment after partnership dissolution: Disentangling penalties and gains in the adultlife course
Dr. Viggo Nordvik1, Prof Liv Osland2
1

Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway, 2Western Norway University of Applied Sciences , Haugesund, Norway

G17-O1 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Over the adult life course, the hierarchic quality of the residing neighbourhood could be understood as akind of path or trajectory. On average for both men and women, the housing trajectory tend to be anincreasing function of age. The trajectories may be seen as the realization of a dynamic forward-looking
plan. However, various events in life may cause interruptions in the execution of the plans. A partnershipdissolution or a divorce are an important example of such an event, and this is studied in this paper.
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Inspired by the life course perspective, we treat these dissolutions as transitions that may generate shifts inthe expected trajectories. Moreover, we use the concept of neighborhood attainment, operationalized by
the median of middle-aged male income in each defined neighborhood. Using a difference-in-difference
approach, we contrast trajectories of impacts of neighborhood attainment across a range of different
dimensions such as age, gender, divorcees, and intact couples, with and without children (before and after
dissolution). Finally, utilizing a quantile regression frame we demonstrate that the effects differ significantly
across the distribution of (change in the) neighborhood attainment.
Our studies are undertaken using a longitudinal register based data set with complete coverage of the total
Norwegian population. We follow the population, 31-50 years of age from 1993 up to 2014.

Patterns of specialization and robots adoption: A regional perspective in Italy and UK
Dr. Massimiliano Nuccio1, prof. Marco Guerzoni2, Prof Aldo Geuna2, dr. Riccardo Cappelli2
1

University Of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 2University of Torino, Torino, Italy

S11-S2 The regional socio-economic impact of the 4th industrial revolution
UdL_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Most of the recent literature on the development of AI and robotics has scrutinised the correlation between
robots adoption and employment at the country level and only in a recent report OECD (2018) has
addressed the risk of automation for jobs at the regional level. The paper aims at investigating theinteraction between regional specialization/diversification patterns and robots adoption. We provide new
evidence on the relationship between industrial structure and robot penetration, considering the 2008
financial crisis as either an opportunity for firms to change and move into Industry 4.0 or a threat tosurvival.
The contribution of the paper is also methodological since we apply an innovative unsupervised algorithm(SOM) to classify regions based on their industrial structure and, therefore, we compare our results with themore traditional measures of related and unrelated variety.
The analysis relies on NACE industrial re-classification of employment data for 137 NUTS2 regions in the fivelargest European economies (Germany, France, UK, Italy and Spain), respectively observed over two periodsof growth in between the crisis: 2002-2007 and 2013-2016. After selecting and outlining the 12 clusters
generated by the SOM algorithm, we used them to in relationship to the initial regional provision of robots
and the robots growth rate.
Key words: Industrial structure, industrial specialization, robotics, innovation
JEL classifications: E32, R11, R12

Testing the farm size and productivity in Nicaragua: A panel data non-parametric analysis
Mr Alexandre Almeida1, Mr. Boris Bravo-Ureta2
1

Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba,, Brazil, 2Department of Agricultural andResource Economics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Estados Unidos

G23-O4 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The main goal of this paper is to examine the well-known inverse relationship hypothesis (IR-H) between
farm size and productivity in Nicaragua using non-parametric methods designed specifically for panel data.
The data employed are from the Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS), a nationwide household
survey carried out by the Nicaraguan Statistical Service and the World Bank for the years 1998, 2001, and305

2005. An unbalanced panel made up of 3,088 observations is used. The main results suggest that: 1) there
exists a systematic inverse relationship between farm size and productivity; and 2) the IR strengthens when
unobserved heterogeneity across farm households is taken into account. Both findings are observed fromthe parametric results but is weakened from the non-parametric estimations. However, using otherindicators of farm productivity such as family labor used per hectare farmed, both parametric and nonparametric results, we found a robust evidence that corroborates the IR hypothesis for Nicaragua.

Household expenditures in Brazil: a non-parametric analysis using panel data
Mr Alexandre Almeida1, Mr. Carlos Azzoni2
1

Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba,, Brazil, 2Department of Economics, Universityof Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,, Brazil

G10-O4 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Food expenditures, mainly in low-income families, have a substantial weight in the household budget,
deserving special attention. The estimation of the Engel curves, relating the share of food in total household
expenditure to income levels, is relevant for public policy design, both for poverty reduction (e.g. cashtransfer programs) and to agribusiness decisions, (e.g. definition of retail prices of food). In this paper weapply parametric and non-parametric methods to pseudo-panel data from four household expenditure
surveys, for six product groups (food, housing, transport, education, health and clothing). The surveys coverall 11 major metropolitan regions in Brazil. The use of panel data allows for controlling for unobserved
characteristics. In addition, non-parametric methods allow verifying if the function is adequately specified
according to the nature of the data and its functional form. We estimate alternative models, including fixed
effects and non-parametric panel data estimators. The results for the mean values of non-parametricestimates are not different compared to fully parametric estimations. However, in different percentiles, thenon-parametric estimates of household income and household components produce different impacts ofthese on the share spent by households on each product group. We also conclude that non-parametricmethods with controls for the unobserved characteristics of household heads in panel data produce similar
results to those of non-parametric methods in cross-sectional data. For the fully parametric models, similarcoefficients of the independent variables were also found with cross-sectional (pooled) and panel data
(fixed effects) for six consumption goods analyzed.

Willingness to pay for road safety: A conceptual study and pilot survey for Germany
Dr. Andy Obermeyer1, Prof. Georg Hirte1
1

Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany

S59-S1 Road Safety Economics for Resilient Countries and Regions
IUT_Room 108, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
For the assessment of transport infrastructure projects, the use of cost-benefit analysis is a conventional
procedure. One component within those analyses is the reduction of traffic accident victims, which has tobe expressed in monetary units. Following the current literature, the value of a statistical life or, moregenerally, the value of risk reduction can be determined based on the individuals’ willingness to pay. In apilot study for Germany, we developed a stated choice approach to estimate the monetary values of four
different injury categories. As original (and representative) studies for European countries using this stateof-the-art method are rare, the insights of this pilot survey might also be of interest for other countries. In
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our analysis, we focused on the issue of risk presentation and measures to reduce the artificial character ofthe experiment. One of these measures is a driving simulation which, to the best of our knowledge, has notbeen used in SC studies on road safety valuation before.

Big data based tool for assessing perception of smart cities
PhD, MArch Eng. Dorota Kamrowska-Załuska1, MArch. Eng. Hanna Obracht-prondzynska1, Dr Karima Kourtit2,
Prof. Peter Nijkamp2
1

Gdansk University Of Technology, Gdansk, Poland, 2The Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, DA 's-Hertogenbosch, theNetherlands

G24-O1 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Emerging disruptive technologies such as AI, advanced machine learning, IoT, real-time data-based adaptive
systems, virtual and augmented reality, particularly if embedded in urban space change the way it isperceived by users. A public realm full of wireless devices and sensors allow citizens not only also to beconnected but to interact with the urban space or even to co-create it. It also allows researchers, planners
and decision makers to conduct new types of analysis, which can further enhance evidence-based policy
making, since Internet users by posting their opinions provide information allowing to assess how changes
connected with smart cities are perceived by its dwellers. This paper is aiming to:●introduce Big Data based-tools for assessing how strong (if at all) is the correlation between implementing
smart strategies and solutions and the achievement of the high quality of urban space taking into
consideration both urban morphology and quality of life;●test the above mentioned tools on the basis of selected case studies in order to seek an answer to thequestion whether implementation of smart strategies and solutions can change the way how users perceive
urban space.
By using multiple data sources at various levels in the open information urban systems, both user-generated
content (“social” sensors - information generated by online activity) and governmental or public data (bothopen and confidential micro-data), a testbed based on selected cases is conducted. The proposed study
consists of phases resulting from our elaborated theoretical framework, where within each:●case studies are chosen based on a selected framework measuring smartness. Additionally, for selected
cities (Gdańsk&Stockholm) implementing both smart strategies and solutions, data based models forassessing quality and users’ perception of smart spaces, are designed.
●empirical studies on selected cities are conducted. In this part data sources are used to provide tools
designed in relation a priori chosen frameworks. In this phase, based on data mining methods, the quality ofurban space is measured based on administrative and open data, while the perception of urban space isbased on social media sources.
●a matrix analysis based on studied cases, aiming at finding a correlation between quality of urban spacesof cities and their index of smartness, is introduced.
This study aims of a verification of hypotheses and definitions in both conclusions and recommendations
related to the role of Big Data in assessing the perception and implementation of smart cities.

How can we take advantage of the multisector approach to monitoring smart specialization? A Central
European perspective
Dr. Artur Ochojski1
1

University of Economics in Katowice, Katowice, Poland307

G06-O5 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Proposal and Evaluation of Business Model for Original Renewable Energy System which Contributes to
Sustainable Resource Recycling Society
Dr. Eiji Ohno1, Dr. Ryuta Mori1, Dr. Masafumi Morisugi1
1

Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan

G07-O3 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In paddy fields in which rice to be used as staple food by many people in the world is cultivated, organic
matter such as rice straw is decomposed anaerobically by flooding, and a large amount of methane, which isa greenhouse gas, is released. To convert the modern society maintained by mass consumption of suchenergy and mass emission of greenhouse gases into a sustainable resource recycling society is an urgent
issue to be solved by contemporary science and technology is there.
A project team of Meijo University has been promoting establishment of original technology to produce
energy and chemical products from greenhouse gases and waste using biological functions. As a result, theteam has established the GET system, which is a technology for conveniently recovering methane generated
with high efficiency by rationally applying anisotropic decomposition to rice paddy flooded with rice straw
generated after rice cultivation with high efficiency; GET means "Get Energy from Tanbo", and Tanbo isJapanese for paddy field. By using this technology, the team succeeded in producing 300 liters of biogas(bio-methane) with a methane concentration of 60% from 1 kg of rice straw.
Then, the team developed a control system for storage supply system and gas engine generator to supply
bio-methane produced by the GET system to gas engine generator without purification and to generate
power stably. After that, the team improved the control system further and succeeded in generating
electricity with output power of 800 W using bio-methane produced from rice straw and weeds as fuel. On
the other hand, in paddy fields containing a large amount of fermentation residue after production of biomethane, it was shown that rice cultivation without fertilization could be realized. However, in consideringsocial implementation of the GET system, it turned out that there was a problem in terms of profitability.
In this study, we first showed how much subsidy by local government and labor support by local resident
are necessary for the GET system to become profitable. And, by constructing a method to evaluate whether
the GET system has social and economic values corresponding to the subsidy and the labor support, we
proposed a business model for the GET system, and evaluated its social and economic values.

Search costs and anchoring in the housing market – the influence of buyer distance and public
information
Prof. Heidi Falkenbach1, Prof. Elias Oikarinen1
1

Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland

S38-S1 Housing Markets: information, taxes, prices
IUT_Room 108, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

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Economic Integration and agglomeration of multinational production with transfer pricing
Mr Hirofumi Okoshi1, Dr. Hayato Kato2
1

University Of Munich, München, Germany, 2Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

S42-S1 Causes and Effects of Regional Integration: Development of Local Economy via Mobility
IUT_Room 210, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Do low corporate taxes always favor multinational production in the course of economic integration? We
build a two-country spatial model with different corporate tax rates where multinational enterprises (MNEs)
can manipulate transfer prices in intra-firm trade. Using transfer pricing, MNEs can shift profits between
domestic production plants and foreign affiliates. As trade costs decline, more MNEs locate their production
plants in the low-tax country. However, a further decline reverses this location pattern. Agglomeration of
production in the high-tax country does not lead to greater tax revenues there. The results
give implications for empirical studies and tax competition between unequal-sized countries.

A Consumption Model of Foreign Visitors in Japan: For Identifying the Beneficiary Area of International
Flights
Prof. Takaaki Okuda1
1

Nanzan University, Nagoya, Japan

G16-O1 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility,
IUT_Room 110, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In this paper, we proposed a travel consumption model of foreign visitors in Japan, which consider theirtravel trips for tourism. The origin-destination table of foreign visitors has the same table format as inputoutput tables. If the expansion table of travel consumption in each region can be estimated, we can performthe calculation similar to the input-output analysis, by using the expansion table. If the number of foreign
visitors in Japan from an international airport is increased, you can analyze which area travel consumption
will increase.
And the Origin-Destination table of Chines is picked up and we built a travel consumption model of Chinese.
In addition, we checked the accuracy of the model, by using the total number of foreign visitors in eachprefecture which is listed in Japanese tourism and accommodation statistics. In Japan, the number ofChinese visitors to Japan who are arriving from Kansai Airport greatly increased from 2014 to 2016. If theestimated consumption in each prefecture is compared with its actual value, the correlation was a relatively
high value of 0.994.
And using this model, the beneficiary area of a Chinese budget airline into international airports is identified
in three metropolitan regions. As a result of this analysis, in the case that a Chinese budget airline is inservice to Narita or Haneda airport, it is shown that the travel consumption of Chinese increases mainly inTokyo metropolitan region. On the other hand, in the case that a Chinese budget airline is in service toKansai or Chubu airport, it is cleared that the travel consumption of Chinese increases not only in Osaka andNagoya metropolitan regions, but also in Tokyo metropolitan region.

The social cost of rail noise in France: an econometric estimation using hedonic prices approach
Dr. Carlos Augusto Olarte Bacares1, Dr. Julien Brunel1, Mr Damien Sigaud1
1

SNCF Réseau, Paris, France309

S38-S1 Housing Markets: information, taxes, prices
IUT_Room 108, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Generally speaking, the less a transportation mode uses fossil fuels, the more it will be considered as anenvironmental friendly mode. Given its characteristics, railway transportation is considered as the mostecological transportation mode. Nonetheless, it does not mean that rail does not produce negativeenvironmental externalities. One of its biggest externalities concerns the traffic noise on surrounding
communities along the railway corridors, especially those located in urban zones where density is higher. In
order to overcome this market failure, social costs of rail traffic noise should be calculated. Furthermore, rail
traffic noise has direct impact on several areas like health or housing market among other areas.
In France, several reports and studies had developed different methods to estimate the socio-economic
impact of the French railway traffic noise (Boiteux, 1994, Boiteux, 2001, Faburel et Maleyre, 2007, orQuinet, 2013). However, these researches present several limitations for the assessment of initiatives
tackling railway noise. There are based on approximations or are using average data from other European
countries or from other transport modes like road or air traffic (e. g. Sogel, 1990, Grosclaude and Soguel,1994, Vainio, 1991, and Andersson et al., 2010, 2013).
In this context, the present research aims to determine the economic impact of rail noise in France on the
housing market using the hedonic price method. This supposes that this article fills the noticeable lack ofstudies about the impact of railway traffic noise in France with original French data. For this purpose, thispaper focuses to study two specific areas in the region of Paris that have three main characteristics: they arehighly urbanized, they are subject of high level of rail traffic and precise data about the level of railway noise
have been successfully collected.
Results suggest that regardless of the type of housing between apartments and houses, the average loss ofvalue for all the properties exposed to rail noise is around 6% of their market value. Hence, the social cost ofnoise depends on traffic, density of urbanized perimeter and the number of housing affected by railway
noise. In the case of these two Parisian urban areas, the costs of these two examples are very close to eachother even if their characteristics in terms of density of housings and of rail traffic are different.

310Impact of Transport Infrastructure on Regional Development. An empirical analysis of regional efficiency
with SDEA
Dr. Alicja Olejnik1, Dr. Agata Żółtaszek1
1

Uniwersity of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

G16-O3 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Regional development and availability of transport infrastructure are in an unquestionable relationship.
Firstly, affluence of a region, its resources as well as its history play a significant role in shaping of theregion’s transportation map. However, the causality in this direction is rather long-term as it may takedecades to form a fully functional logistic system. On the other hand, transport infrastructure is of key
importance for economic activity as well as the everyday life for region’s inhabitants. In some regions,current infrastructure with high costs and long commuting time may hinder local economy; in others,transportation network and its quality opens new possibilities for development.
In this paper we analyse the efficiency of regional development in utilisation of local transport
infrastructure. The research is conducted on the set of 282 EU regions. We apply the Spatial Data
Envelopment Analysis (SDEA), which is an extension of classic DEA, to evaluate relative technical regional
efficiency. In the standard approach, DEA assesses relative technical efficiency of a number of objects withvarious outputs and inputs. Moreover, it highlights fully efficient objects (100% efficiency) that exemplarily
utilize their resources and those that underperform (efficiency lower than 100%) with additional
information on the technical sources of their inefficiency. The efficiency analysis allows to assess the
productivity of transformation of inputs into outputs without any prior knowledge on the technologicalaspects of literal or metaphorical production. In our paper we incorporate SDEA which expands the classical
DEA method by the explicit incorporation of spatial interactions (through the W matrix) into the model. The
set of variables can be expanded by the spatially autocorrelated inputs and outputs. As a result, theefficiency analysis takes into consideration the fact that inputs in one region affect outputs in neighbouring
regions, as well as outputs are allowed to act as inputs/outputs for bordering locations. This makes theefficiency analysis more flexible as it accounts for interregional cooperation and competition. In this study,
we evaluate regions by the efficiency of utilisation of their infrastructure to enhance regional development.
Therefore, our analysis generates important policy implications for those concerned with the efficiency oftransport infrastructure and its impact on regional development.

Effects of Climat on Finance Default
Dr. Guilherme Oliveira1, Dr. Rodrigo Oliveira2, Dr. Daniel da Mata3, Dr. Edson Severnini41

State Secretariat for Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply / UniAlfa, Goiania, Brazil, 2Federal University of Bahia,
Salvador, Brazil, 3Getulio Vargas Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil, 4Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States ofAmerica

G08-R1 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In Brazil, public banks are used to implement regional development policies. The Brazilian Regional Funds
aim to decrease the economic inequality between regions. The Fund of the Northeast (FNE) financed morethan US$ 20 billion in loan contracts since 1989. This study analyzes the FNE’s delinquency rates and its
correlated factors between 2002 and 2013, focusing in climate, because big part of the resources go tosemiarid area and developing countries are more vulnerable to climate change. The fixed-effects panel data311

model results suggest that the main factors correlated with the default rate are the standard deviation oftemperatures around the annual mean, standard deviation of rainfalls around the annual mean and themunicipality's GDP. Drought shocks are associated with a decline in agriculture production and that thedelinquency rate is higher in the agricultural sector.

New Governance for Protected Areas Networks: a potential framework for economic development basedon ecological resources
Dr. Andrea Omizzolo1, Dr. Luca Cetara1, Dr. Maria Coronato2, Prof. Maria Prezioso2
1

Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy, 2University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy

G07-O2 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Networks of Protected Areas are well-known for playing a role in ensuring nature conservation andenhancing regional ecological connectivity. However, they show impressive governance capacities
extending beyond the narrow field of ecology and nature management, especially if analysed in theperspective of EU green infrastructure policies (EC 2013a and b).
We intend to present the results of a targeted analysis focused on Systems of Protected Areas acrossEurope developed under ESPON Programme, particularly concerning an assessment of the competences
available within Protected Areas’ management structures and their networks to support the developmentof SMEs and the creation of regional green jobs (Prezioso et al. 2018).
Based on ecosystem services and corporate ecosystem services reviews, authors aim to show how themateriality of the assets and resources stored in Protected Areas for specific business activities can beevaluated. Authors also aim to propose how the resulting outcomes can be used for shaping appropriate
policies for attracting SMEs by using standard categories of policy instruments.
More in general, we show the potential of Networks of Protected Areas to enhance the sustainableutilization of regional ecological, economic and cultural assets stored in Protected Areas, also by analyzing
specific case studies in Europe.
We describe the characteristics of, and skills required by a governance model for Protected Areas and their
Networks, which may support consistent private decisions and public policies concerning SMEs’ location andregional economic growth, based on distinctive ecological assets and ecosystem services available ororiginating in Protected Areas (Bishop 2012, EC 2018, WRI et al. 2008). We also recall a set of non-strictly
environmental policies formally linked to the EU Green Infrastructure approach (EC 2013a) that Protected
Areas and some specific categories of their Networks show the competence to implement – that we tried toformally assess.

Environmental Payment Services (PSE): What place for Africa (sorting and bibliographic analysis)
Mr Axel Ongram1, Prof Oumhani Eddelani
1----, sherbrooke, Canada

S12-S1 Socio-spatial equity in the light of post-industrial restructuring, modeling exercises in Africa and Asia
IUT_Room 205, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
At the current social and sociospatial disparities, multidisciplinary research that address the theme of thedeterioration of ecosystem services is facing the issue of implementing certain environmental policies
because of the geographical and spatial complexity around these services.
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To overcome these issues, some integrated environmental policy tools can be considered an asset.
Payment for Environmental Services (PES) is often presented as an innovative and particularly promising
instrument for ecosystem conservation, and is meant to provide solutions to the shortcomings of traditional
conservation and preservation tools. However, the effectiveness of PES is related to many issues.
The following article is a study carried out within the framework of the GIRE-PSE (Gestion Intégrée desRessources en Eaux et paiement pour les Services Environnementaux) * research project on climate change
adaptation in Tensift basin in Morocco through improved management of watershed and payment forenvironmental services.
This work aims to make a meta-analysis on issues related to the application of PES in developing countries.

Does distance matters? Assessing the role of partner proximity in servitized companies: A BasqueexampleDr. Marco Opazo1, Dr. Lorea Narvaiza1, Dr. Tontxu Campos1
1

Deusto University, Bilbao, Spain

S10-S1 Territorial Servitization
IUT_Room 402, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Servitization strategy is increasingly recognized as a key source of value with important competitive andeconomic potential across the globe. Over the years, it has been proven to contribute to territorial
performance through the provision of services to manufacturing businesses. Such contribution, however,has been to a large extent consequential to the configuration of local industrial structures, and mostimportantly, by interconnectedness between manufacturing firms and knowledge intensive businessservices sector (KIBS). Hence, the process of territorial servitization is highly conditioned to the association
between manufacturing businesses and KIBS firms. To date, territorial servitization literature mostly
describes the implications of KIBS for service deployment and service innovation in manufacturing,considering knowledge and technological capabilities as a key variable for its success. Nevertheless, theliterature is silent on how geographical distance between KIBS and manufacturing companies may infer inservitization success. Therefore, this research attempts to disclose the importance of geographical distance
between KIBS and manufacturers. In doing so, we analyse two manufacturing companies located in theBasque country collaborating with KIBS “within” and “outside” the Basque region. Consequently, through aqualitative study based on in-deph interviews preliminary results suggests that partner proximity plays a keyrole on the KIBS-Manufacturer relationship, and require to be considered as an important aspect forsuccessful territorial servitization.

The link between job polarization and productivity in Dutch local labor markets
Prof. Raquel Ortega-Argilés1, Mr Nikolaos Terzidis2
1

University of Brimingham, , United Kingdom, 2University of Groningen, , Netherlands

S69-S4 The spatial dimension of productivity (OECD Spatial Productivity Lab Special Session)
IUT_Room 101, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This paper considers the contemporaneous relationship between two prevalent phenomena in theindustrialized labor markets; namely job polarization and skills mismatch. For this we rely on extensive
microdata from Statistics Netherlands and estimate quantitative indexes for job polarization and skills
mismatch for the Dutch national and regional labor markets between 1999 and 2012. In addition, we
313

advance the labor economics literature by investigating the interplay between job polarization, skill
mismatch and regional productivity within a simultaneous equation regression framework.

Market valuation of GIS-derived spatial amenities
Professor Liv Osland2, Dr John Östh1, Professor Viggo Nordvik3
1

Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 2Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Haugesund, Norway, 3NOVA &OsloMet, Oslo, Norway

S33-S1 Modelling place attractiveness in the era of Big and Open data
MILC_Room 310, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Hedonic house price models have long been used to improve our understanding of determinants of house
prices and their market valuations. In recent years, rich registers containing detailed accounts of homequalities, location, views, etc. has successfully been coupled with spatial qualities such job-accessibility,
distances to transport facilities, cultural institutions and similar, which has increased the explanatory powerof the models. However, additional open data sources provided by Open data communities, NGOs, data
created by governmental agencies on regional, national and international level are being more or less used.
In addition, recent methodological advances in GIS and spatial analysis have not extensively been employedin the development of hedonic price models. The availability of data means that one may integrate more
complex patterns in the models, describing the spatial structure of amenities and opportunities surrounding
individual buildings. In this paper we expand the hedonic price modelling toolbox with spatial measuresdescribing access to restaurants, cultural amenities and services. In addition, measures describing the viewshed, and more varied measures of access and qualities of green and blue amenities will be employed.

Regional economic resilience – does scale make a difference?
Dr John Östh1, Dr Karima Kourtit2, Prof Peter Nijkamp3
1

Uppsala University, , Sweden, 2JADS, University Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, , Netherlands, 3Alexandru Ioan
Cuza University of Iasi, , Romania

S40-S1 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Measuring regional resilience is of great importance both for the understanding of the effects of a shock
and for preventing or limiting the effects of the shock. The regional statistics used in studies of regional
resilience are often aggregated to larger administrative regions by statistical agencies, which means thatvariations in resilience on any scale ranging from neighbourhoods to labour-market regional levels are
difficult or impossible to estimate. In our study we make use of the Swedish longitudinal register data that
contains disaggregate statistics on individual level and with variables describing sociodemographic,
economic and work-place related characteristics. Instead of using regional economic resilience statistics tostudy the rate of migration from less affluent areas, we make use of multi-scale bespoke neighbourhood
methods for studying at which spatial scale-level the explanatory power is doing the best job in explaining
migration from the studied regions.
The preliminary results indicate that different components used to measure regional economic resilience,
respond more or less well to different spatial scales, but the explanatory power is in all tested variables
significantly better than traditional regional aggregate levels. The results from this study indicate that
regional economic resilience acts at different spatial scales and that improved resilience measures would
benefit from using multiple-scale approaches.
314

Dynamics of Central Place Structures derived from Mobile Phone Use: The Case of Sweden
Dr John Östh1, Professor Aura Reggiani Reggiani2, Dr Laurie Schintler3
1

Department of Social and Economic Geography, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 2Department of Economics,
Bologna University, , Italy, 3The Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, , USA

S27-S1 Entropy, Complexity and Spatial Dynamics: A Rebirth of Theory?
MILC_Room 309, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The Central Place Theory (CPT) originates from the works of Walter Christaller (1933), in which he sets up aset of rules in terms of population threshold and commuting range for the provision of any specific service
such as schooling or the running of a hospital. The model became very influential and guided the regional
delineation of Estonia in the 1930ies and Sweden during the post-war years. In this study, we revisit theunderlying principles of population threshold and commuting range as used in the CPT by comparing thedelineation of municipalities (designed to follow the CPT) to the functional distribution and use of mobile
phones. We follow (for 24hours at a time, then phone IDs are renewed) the diurnal mobility patterns ofphones over the course of a week. We have no information about the phone user, but we have geocoded
data that can be used to link user to likely socio-economic and demographic belonging on the basis of thenight-rest locations of phones. By observing duration and timing of trips, and the socio-economic anddemographic characteristics of the area of origin, trips are categorized into commuting, service trips, longdistance travel and other trips. By comparing trip-characteristics and flow-direction to delineations ofregions, municipalities, and city parts we can compare to what extent observed phone mobility replicate thegeography of the functional regions on different hierarchical levels.

Gendered cities: Studying urban gender bias through street names
Dr. Dolores Gutiérrez-Mora2, Dr. Daniel Oto-Peralías1
1

Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain, 2Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain

G10-O2 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This paper uses text analysis to measure gender bias in cities through the use of street names. Focusing on
the case of Spain, we collect data on more than 12 million street names to analyze gender inequality inurban toponyms. We calculate for each Spanish municipality and for each year from 2001 to 2018 a variablemeasuring the percentage of streets with male names over the total number of streets with male andfemale names. This indicator of street gender bias is useful as a cultural measure of gender inequality at thecity level, which arguably reflects the attitudes about the role of women in society. Our results reveal astrong gender imbalance in Spanish cities: the percentage of streets named after men over the total named
after men and women is higher than 80%. We also observe that there are substantial differences across the
Spanish regions, and that, concerning new streets, gender bias is much lower, although if we aim to achievea balanced representation of men and women in cities´ toponyms, more prominence should be given to
women in the street naming process. In the final part of the paper (work in progress) we analyze thecorrelation of our indicator of gender bias in street names with the cultural factor it is supposed to capture,and how political factors affect the dynamics of street naming process from a gender perspective. This
research has important policy implications since it helps quantify a phenomenon largely overlooked butwith potential consequences given the strong symbolic power attributed to street names.

315

Spreading civilisations: Ancient colonialism and economic development along the Mediterranean
Dr. Daniel Oto-Peralías1, Dr. Dimitris K. Chronopoulos2, Dr Sotirios Kampanelis2, Dr John O.S. Wilson2
1

Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain, 2University of St Andrews, , UK

S25-S2 Historical Roots of Regional Performance
IUT_Room 415, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper investigates the long-term effects of ancient colonialism on economic development. In an early
form of colonisation, the Phoenicians, Greeks and Etruscans spread around the Mediterranean from the11th to the 6th centuries BCE transferring their superior technologies and institutions to new geographic
areas. We find that geographic areas colonised by these civilisations are more developed in the present day.
Our results hold after controlling for country fixed effects and splitting the sample by continent. Moreover,
our findings are robust to the use of alternative measures and different historical data sources on ancientcolonies. Overall, the results suggest that ancient colonialism along the Mediterranean left a positive
economic legacy which persists today despite two millennia of historical turbulence.

Residential prices in movida areas: up or down?
Prof. Elisabetta Ottoz1, Dr. Piermassimo Pavese3, Dr. Lisa Sella2
1

University Of Turin, Torino, Italy, 2CNR-Ircres, Moncalieri, Italy, 3University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy

S33-S2 Modelling place attractiveness in the era of Big and Open data
MILC_Room 310, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In the last three decades European cities have been affected by a particular type of noise pollution
stemming from recreational activities generally located in the city centers, the so-called movida.
The adverse environment for an apartment located in a “movida” district will result in a lower market value
as compared to an apartment with similar characteristics, except for recreational noise. This occurs because
potential buyers reduce their demand, as they discount present
value of the costs of annoyance, loss of tranquility, and possible health effects. A measure of the noiseinduced damages is the difference between the market-determined values of the two apartments.
On the contrary, some claim that the price per square metre of properties has increased after “movida”
developed, at least in certain districts, which were previously dilapidated and where nighttime economy
was seen as a means to restart an area. Patrigest, an Italian company specialized in Valuation and Advisory
for real estate, conducted in 2011 a research in Rome and Milan reaching the conclusion that excessive
recreational noise depreciates the real estate’s value by 10 to 20% .
The two statements are not necessarily contradictory because we face a fragmented situation where twoneighbors may report very distant night experiences, according, for instance, to the location of bedrooms.
If bedrooms overlook a protected courtyard, the estate is rather quiet and inhabitants may not suffer fromnoise pollution, but enjoy the lively atmosphere at no environmental costs.
Specifically, we address the following two research questions:1.
Do housing market responses to the noise pollution from recreational activities evidenced inprevious studies from urban rail or traffic noise?
2.
What are the underlying mechanisms that drive heterogeneity in housing market responses?
The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of recreation noise on house prices. We use an original highly
detailed housing transactions dataset from the City of Turin covering the period from 2017 to 2018. Using316

data on all recreational activities placed in the Turin in 2018, we calculate the distance from every property
that is sold to the nearest commercial activities. A property represents not only an amount of structuralcharacteristics, but also a set of specific locational characteristics. Disamenities have a negative effect onhouse price, which means people have a low demand and do not have the willingness to pay more for thesecharacteristics and we use hedonic model urban to estimate this discount.

Territories: management of complex systems for sociospatial equity in Africa
Prof. Oumhani Eddelani1
1

Usmba- Fsjes, Fez, Morocco

S12-S1 Socio-spatial equity in the light of post-industrial restructuring, modeling exercises in Africa and Asia
IUT_Room 205, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM

See extended abstract online.

Revisiting the link between resource windfalls and Fiscal Lazy Collection for local mining economies in
Chile
Dr Mauricio Oyarzo1, Dr Dusan Paredes2
1

Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile, 2Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile

G06-O7 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Curse resource literature argues that resource windfalls, such as those derived from a price boom
commodity, crowding-out several determinants of long-term incomes (Papyrakis & Gerlagh, 2006). While
empirical literature tests this theory for inter country contexts, there is not similar attention to explore it for
subnational governments. This different spatial scope would reveal how the low-tier governments would
strategically behave for covering the local costs according to the resource windfalls. Thus, any strategic
behaviour will directly impact the local community well-being especially due to the key role played bysubnational governments to provide local public goods. We contribute to this gap analysing how theresource windfalls from mining taxes crowds out the local collected revenues such as the residential
property tax and commercial property tax by means of the case of Chile. Using a panel data for 345 Chilean
municipalities between 2008 and 2017, we pursue the causal effect derived from Fiscal Lazy Collection
hypothesis measured as the cross substitution between an additional monetary unit received from
windfalls. We take advantage for exogenous allocation rule for distribution of mining taxes in the mining
municipalities via National Mining Code. Our results do not reject the hypothesis, we observe that mining
taxes crowds out property tax collection. Tax laziness is maintained after considering potential endogeneityand heteroskedasticity imposed by spatial autocorrelation. The results suggest the need for local policies
focused on discouraging strategic behavior in the collection of local taxes in mining municipalities.

Social Justice for Smarter Cities: Digital Divide and Social Policy
Mr Akın Özdemı ̇r1, Mrs Karima Kourtit2, Mr. Peter Nijkamp3
1

Jheronimus Academy of Data Science (JADS), 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands, 2JADS, 's-Hertogenbosch, theNetherlands, 3JADS, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands317

G15-O2 Segregation, Social and Spatial Inequalities
IUT_Room 205, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In our urban world, cities are growing in both number and size, while they become increasingly complex andmulti-faceted living and working areas. Smart city approaches refer to innovative and knowledge-based
solutions to the threats and challenges faced by urban agglomerations. Clearly, this new understanding aims
to improve the quality of life in urban areas. The transformation to a smart city represents a strategic
approach to urban planning for improving life quality indicators. A smart city aims to give smart responses
to economic, cultural, ecological and social issues.
In this study, the disadvantageous position of citizens who are not able to benefit from the opportunities
offered by smart cities -due to the negative effects of factors such as age, gender, education, mental andphysical health and income- are discussed. The scope of the research is an elderly, women, low educatedpersons, mentally and physically disabled persons and poor people, who face relatively strong barriers inaccess to technology and its use. In a multi-faceted and multi-disciplinary approach and with the help of an
integrated literature review and case studies, this study aims to raise awareness of this digital divide insmart city discussions.
In this study, the question of "under which condition is social policy a facilitator of smart city policy" isaddressed. It should be noted that, one of the main purposes of social policy in a smart city is to enhance
the life quality of city residents. However, social policy refers to increasing the quality of life in a more fair
way and a wider social base. Clearly, local social policies are an important tool in combating the digital
divide. In addition, social policies do not only provide solutions for technology-based issues of smart cities,
whether smart or not, but it also contributes to social justice in cities.
Obviously, having a smart city label does not mean having more liveable cities in itself. Clearly, not any
smart city initiative will balanced urban quality of life automatically. Better living conditions in smart cities
can be achieved by a combination of elements such as individual participation, good governance, moreeducated people and a better technological infrastructure. In the present study, we argue that digitaltechnologies can be more accessible and useable for more city residents through social policy. Moreover, itmeans an increase in urban quality of life shared by more people in smart cities.

Valuation of Human Capital and Gender Wage Gap in Europe
Dr. Maryna Tverdostup1,2, Prof. Tiiu Paas2
1

University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, 2University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

G05-O3 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper investigates the gender wage gap in relation to the multi-dimensional human capital measureacross 17 European countries. We employ a definition of human capital, which measures a set of classicaland novel human capital components, including (i) formal education degree and field; (ii) total work
experience and work experience related to current employment; (iii) cognitive skills in literacy andnumeracy domains; (iv) task-specific cognitive and non-cognitive skills, measured by the on-job use of skills
and frequency of performing specific job tasks. Up to date, the role of cognitive and task-specific skills have
had a limited empirical evidence in the gender wage gap literature. We narrow down this research gap
relying on the PIAAC (Program of International Assessment of Adult Competencies) data and applying
Gelbach (2016) decomposition methodology. Our study verified that gender human capital gap should be
addressed as a multiple of numerous components, which altogether shape human capital profile. However,each component has different valuation on the labour market and, thus, different effect on the genderwage disparity. The analysis revealed that occupation-/industry-specific work experience and task-specific318

cognitive and non-cognitive skills are the most rewarding human capital attainments. These are also thecharacteristics revealing systematic male-favouring gender gaps. Literacy and numeracy cognitive skills
matter relatively less than their actual on-job use, suggesting that cognitive skills are valued when directly
applied and developed at work. Unlike the studies stressing the decreasing importance of human capital ingender wage gap assessment, we argue that human capital cannot be generalized. Therefore, human capitalshould be viewed as a combination of multiple characteristics and traits, each having specific valuation on
the labour market and, thus, particular role in explaining the gender wage gap.

Underground Built Heritage as catalyst for strategies of community engagement and regeneration policies
Mr Giuseppe Pace1
1

National Research Council, Naples, Italy

S47-S2 Maintenance and regeneration of the territory and the city as an occasion for their ecologicaltransformation
MILC_Room 409, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Underground Built Heritage (UBH) is a unique cultural resource, context-specific and characterised by anhistorical and cultural exclusivity, which influences people’s sense of belonging and of ‘ownership’ ofparticular localities, as well as daily routines, local rituals, traditions, and atmospheres. Its significancecontributes to individual and collective identity, social cohesion and inclusion, and represent a valuable
resource for the sustainability challenge. In particular, it has the potential of catalysing urban/rural
regeneration, raising community awareness and making local communities more resilient to globalised
systems of production and consumption by preserving their unique environmental and cultural aspects.
Although UBH success stories have captured the attention of the world, this resource’s valorisation finds
relevant constraints, such as knowledge gaps and geotechnical and geo-environmental concerns. This paper
takes origin by the recently started Cost Action CA18110 “Underground Built Heritage as catalyser forCommunity Valorisation” (2019-2023). As main reference for promoting a UBH sustainable use, it uses
UNESCO “Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL)”. It implies the application of a range of
traditional and innovative tools, based on civic engagement, knowledge and planning tools, regulatory
systems, and financial tools to adapt to different local contexts and built heritage. However, the HULapproach demands for a cultural transition to make planning systems mature. This process can beconsidered as a sustainability transition, which requires further changes in society and implies complex and
uncertain processes, mainly depending on experimentation, learning and sharing ideas. These processes
demand to acquire and test tools for encouraging dialogue and engaging stakeholders across society, bystimulating and facilitating communities’ empowerment and connecting natural, social, cultural, politicaland economic environments, gauging impacts across different spheres of life, and grasping the importancenot only of ‘hard’ but also of ‘soft’ infrastructures”. The paper investigates two community management
tools - such as Strategic Stakeholder Dialogue (SSD) and Transition Management (TM), and their integration
into a new tool, the Strategic Transition Management (STM), based on local communities’ experiments andempowerment, and a multi-level strategic dialogue (e.g. Living Labs). Finally, it describes objectives andoutcomes, which reveal practices, imaginaries and local cultures associated with the UBH, renews
interpretation, and stimulates new knowledge and the perspective vision of local communities. UHB
landscape might become a place of equilibrium for nature, identity and attractiveness, by re-associating
multiple uses and giving capacity for development at all levels and all temporalities while generating
positive and self-sustaining "natural" interdependencies.

319

The role of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems in the occurrence of productive firms
Mr Balázs Páger1
1

Centre for Economic and Regional Studies Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pécs, HUNGARY

S19-S1 Regional Entrepreneurship Policy
UdL_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The local knowledge stock and R&D has a particularly important role in creating new and productive firms,
since it serves as a source of entrepreneurial opportunities. However the different contexts may influence
the impact of these spillover effects. The effect of different industrial structure, organizations, universities
and other factors have already been investigated, but separately from each other. The regional
entrepreneurship ecosystem consists a set of interconnected actors, organizations, institutions andprocesses. Entrepreneurial activity serves as an output of the entrepreneurship ecosystem and it provides
the background for individuals to create opportunities for innovation. However productive entrepreneurial
activities also vary across regions, as the regional conditions of individual and institutional factors within
entrepreneurship ecosystems are different. Therefore this paper addresses the question whether thequality of regional entrepreneurial ecosystem has impact on the occurrence of productive firms. Data for
2011–2014 years have been collected from the regional dataset of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, OECD
Patent statistics and Eurostat. The modified rate of high-growth oriented firms has been applied as
dependent variable. It serves as a measure for productive entrepreneurship, since it captures not only the
number of new workplaces (as in the original measure of high-growth orientation), but also the innovationorientation, technology use and export-orientation. In order to capture the effect of local knowledge, thenumber of patents and the high-qualified human capital have been applied. The quality of regional
entrepreneurial ecosystem has been determined by the Regional Entrepreneurship and Development Index(REDI Index) and regions have been clustered through their REDI Index scores. The first results suggested
that the lack of efficient entrepreneurial ecosystem may hinder the occurrence of productive firms. The
effect of patents and high-qualified human capital seems to be smaller in regions that have a weakerperformance in terms of entrepreneurial ecosystem. While regions with more efficient ecosystem mayrather provide a supportive environment for productive firms as the patents and high-qualified humancapital have indicated more significant impact.

Lost in Translation: The Challenge of Institutional Factors in Comparative Studies of Transaction Processes
and Costs on the Housing Market
Dr. Peter Palm1, Dr. Ola Jingryd1
1

Malmo University, Malmö, Sweden

S26-S1 Comparing local and regional development within and between countries – what information anddata is needed?
IUT_Room 202, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

320The use of retrospective CBA to assess the long-term effects of infrastructure projects
Ms Chiara Pancotti1
1

Csil - Centre For Industrial Studies, Milan, Italy

S52-S1 Joint SBCA ERSA Session on Evaluation
IUT_Room 408, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
A retrospective exercise is an opportunity to learn and improve. This is recognised by the European
Commission and it reflected in the regulatory obligation to systematically carry out ex-post evaluation of
Cohesion Policy Programmes. A specific evaluation effort concerns major infrastructure investments which
represent an important part of the Cohesion Policy expenditures. Recently, the DG REGIO has launched around of ex-post evaluation studies addressing major projects in four different sectors: transport,
environment, energy, ICT and RDI. The scope of this effort is to look retrospectively at 10 of major projects
co-financed by the Commission over the period 2000 to 2013 under each of the four above-mentioned
sectors with a consistent evaluation framework.
This paper draws from the first two studies which involved the evaluation of 20 projects (ten in thetransport sector and 10 in the environment sector) carried out by an international consortium led by CSIL. In
particular, the paper focus on the discussion of the evaluation framework developed to consistently assess a
set of infrastructures. The original contribution of such framework is that it combines retrospective CBAwith qualitative evaluation of the factors that can influence a project’s performance. The approach involved
extensive field work and interaction with stakeholders to collect data and information used to prepare theretrospective CBA. This information was also used to reconstruct the project history and to assess effects
that, although observable from an ex post perspective, are difficult to translate into monetary terms as wellas to identify the key drivers of observed project performance.
In fact, the objective of this evaluation exercise was not limited to verifying the correctness of the ex ante
CBA and/or discovering deviations from the ex ante results. Rather the goal was also to analyze the longterm contribution of major projects to economic development and well-being. Therefore, the methodology
goes beyond a simple update of the ex ante CBA with observed data. Rather, the added value comes fromperforming a new CBA from today’s standpoint and understanding the reasons why some deviations
occurred.
The paper argues that retrospective or intermediate CBA (when appropriately implemented and integrated
with qualitative evidence) is a valuable tool for policy learning. If this exercise is part of the project cycle andfeeds into the decision-making process, the lessons learned can be used to improve the ex ante appraisal
process by taking corrective action to counteract forecasting errors and spur result-oriented behavior.

Spatial proximity to cultural facilities of European citizens: empirical analysis and policy implications
Ms Valentina Alberti1, Ms Valentina Montalto1, Mr Francesco Panella1, Mr Nicola Pontarollo1
1European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy

G18-O1 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In a context where social inequalities and generalised discontent keep growing, the role that participation inarts and cultural activities can play in the achievement of broader social policy goals, such as counteringsocial exclusion, is increasingly addressed in the European public policy debate. Culture can “bring
Europeans together to experience what connects us instead of what divides us” (European Commission, A
New European Agenda for Culture, 2018, p. 1). This paper addresses how urban areas operate asopportunity structures for cultural participation. Sociological theory has extensively explored the321importance of cultural tastes and practices as social constructs perpetuating social stratifications, but haslargely ignored the role of place. Geographers have studied how the spatial configuration of diverse assets(e.g. health facilities, parks, etc.) shape people’s lives, including their participation in various activities, but
this approach has not been applied to cultural participation, let alone in a multi-country context. In thispaper, sociological explanations of cultural participation are extended to incorporate measures of spatial
distribution across Europe. An innovative Cultural Proximity Index (CPI) is developed using geo-located dataon museums, art galleries, music halls and theatres for a diversified sample of 191 cities from 30 European
countries coming from the “The Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor” – a novel dataset first released by theEuropean Commission in 2017 – and population data from the Global Human Settlement population grid.
The paper will address two main research questions: does the distribution reflect some form of spatial
equity/inequity and, if so, in which cities? What do the findings imply in terms future cultural and urban
policies/ investments in cultural facilities to enlarge cultural participation opportunities? .

Building a gravity model to explore drivers of internal student migration movements in Greece
Prof. Yannis Psycharis1, Dr Anastasia Panori1, Mr Panayotis Pantazis2
1

Panteion University , Athens, Greece, 2University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

S41-S2 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The introduction of gravity models in economic literature to explain variations of flows between different
locations, focusing on trade, transportation, economics or population dynamics, has long been a productive
field of study. Their application in migration research has often been at the center of attention, investigatinginternal migration phenomena focusing mostly on students’ and graduates’ movements (Alm and Winters,
2009; Biagi et al., 2011; Pietrzak et al., 2012; Faggian and Franklin, 2014; LeSage and Thomas‐Agnan, 2015;
Cullinan and Duggan, 2016). The investigation of “push” and “pull” factors, that affect migration decisions,as well as the evolution of migration flows within a country, can be focused either on: (i) individual
attributes, like family structure and background, acting as facilitators or blockers for migration movements;or (ii) regional characteristics, where the masses of the origin and destination regions could be determinedby their economic and demographical characteristics, e.g. population size and density, unemployment rates,
salaries and wages.
The study, first, develops a gravity model towards exploring the student migration flows in Greece during
their transition from high-school to university. It explores potential “push” and “pull” regional factors thatform the synthesis of the migration flows, focusing on socio-economic regional attributes. Secondly, it aims
on exploring students’ decision to migrate by investigating the effect of individual characteristics, such as
gender, family background and structure. For the analysis, we use individual data covering a 9-year period(2006-2014), including all student movements within Greece. Data coverage offers an opportunity toinvestigate an important period for Greece, characterized by structural reforms and income variations, andidentify any existing patterns or changes in the factors that affect migration decisions and form migration
flows.
The analysis indicates that distance, regional and family characteristics, such as parents’ educational
background and occupation type, play a key role in migration decisions, as they are found to be significant
parameters. We argue that understanding the main determinants of these migration patterns isfundamental for policy makers to better identify potential actions that could strengthen the attractivenessof a place.

322

Identifying agglomeration and location patterns of economic activities: a spatial inequality-based
measureDr Domenica Panzera1, Prof Paolo Postiglione1, Mr Alfredo Cartone1
1

Università G.D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, ITALY

S46-S1 Recent Trends in Regional Socio-Economic Inequalities
IUT_Room 203, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Spatial concentration of economic activities has been analysed in the literature using different indices andmeasures. However, the use of current methodologies cannot retrieve information about spatially clusteredor evenly distributed across the area of interest. In this study, we try to tackle some of the drawbacks in thecurrent methodology based on common inequality-based index as the locational Gini index. This brings up
the importance of defining a measure which accounts for these differences, focusing on both concentrationof activities and their location patterns. Our aim is to develop a methodology to consider information on thegeographical distribution of the activities of interest, potentially due to extensive presence of patterns that
may characterize the analysis of spatial data. Building on previous literature (Lerman and Yitzhaki, 1984;
Schechtman and Yitzhaki, 1987) we propose a spatial decomposition of the Gini index defined as spatial
locational Gini. To test our approach, the properties of this measure will be explored, and it will beillustrated trough an empirical analysis focused on different NACE sectors for Italian provinces.
References
Lerman, R. & Yitzhaki, S. (1984). A note on the calculation and interpretation of the Gini index. Economics
Letters, 15, 363-368.
Schechtman, E. & Yitzhaki, S. (1987). A measure of association based on Gini’s mean difference.
Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, 16, 207-231.

The role of cultural heritage on tourism attractiveness in European countries: analogies and discrepancies
Dr. Henri L.F. De Groot1, Ms Elisa Panzera2, Dr. Thomas De Graaff2
1

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy

G18-O3 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Cultural heritage represents a unique and irreplaceable resource for European countries. The main means
to share, experience and appreciate cultural heritage across Europe is tourism. As well as being anenrichment for both individuals and communities and an opportunity for different cultures to meet, tourism
represents a significant industry for European economies. The present article focuses on empirically testing
the assumption that the presence of tangible cultural heritage (i.e. monuments, museums, landscapes)
influences tourism attractiveness of European regions. Furthermore, we are interested in analyzing theanalogies and discrepancies that emerge in the functioning of the relationship between tangible cultural
heritage and tourism attractiveness across different European countries endowed with dissimilar typologies
of cultural heritage. Using panel data on tourism flows at NUTS2 level, a gravity model will be applied on
various European countries domestic tourism flows focusing on the role played by the presence of tangible
cultural heritage. A further analysis will be performed to understand the determinants of the similarities ordifferences emerging in the behavior of tourism flows related to tangible cultural heritage across theanalyzed countries. Because of the idiosyncratic nature of cultural heritage, we hypothesize heterogeneity
in the results mainly being due to diverse typologies of cultural heritage and dissimilar characteristics of thecountries.
323

The impact of cultural heritage on tourism flows: a meta-analysis
Prof. Dr. Henri L. F. de Groot1, Ms Elisa Panzera2
1

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy

G18-O2 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Both national and international public institutions acknowledge that cultural heritage plays an importantrole in boosting tourism flows towards countries. Empirically testing the influence of cultural heritage on
tourism attractiveness and assessing its quantitative importance represents a relevant topic in the economic
scientific literature and can provide important input for, for example, cost-benefit analyses. Even though aconsiderable body of literature has been published in the field, it is hard to find consensus on the outcomes.
Since tourism is considered by the literature as either a form of trade or a special type of migration, gravity
or spatial interaction models have been applied extensively to tourism flows. The present article presents ameta-analysis on existing primary studies that implement gravity or spatial interaction models on tourism
flows worldwide. The selected articles include a cultural heritage measure as explanatory variable. Becauseof the heterogeneity of the adopted measures of cultural heritage, the main focus of the article is on
significance and sign of the cultural heritage coefficient rather than on the elasticity. For that purpose, anordered probit estimation technique is implemented. A meta-analysis on this topic is relevant to increase
the awareness on the determinants of inconsistent results throughout different studies. The sample size,
number of analyzed countries, time span, the period that is considered, disaggregation level, econometricestimation technique, stage of development of the countries, and inclusion of specific explanatory variables
are among the investigated determinants of differences across studies.

Housing Demolition and Property Tax Delinquency: Evidence from Detroit
Ms Camila Alvayay1, Dr Dusan Paredes1, Dr Mark Skidmore2
1

Universidad Católica Del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile, 2Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States

G13-O1 Real Estate and Housing Markets
UdL_Room 106, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the degree to which the demolition of low-quality structures in
Detroit affects property tax compliance. During the real estate crisis, the rate of property tax delinquency
exceeded 50 percent. During this time the Hardest Hit Fund (HHF) provided federal assistance to places thatwere most heavily affected by the housing crisis that began in 2007. Detroit was one of the cities to receive
funding. The demolition of dilapidated structures could lead to improvements in tax compliance in two
ways. The first is through an amenity effect; removal of blighted structures improves the neighborhood andthus may increase the likelihood that neighbors pay their property taxes. The second is via the existence of
spatial contagion in tax delinquency. In this context, we use spatial analysis to examine the effects ofdemolition on tax delinquency. As a prelude to the full set of results, we find that tax delinquency is
reduced when nearby properties are demolished, though we are unable to disentangle the amenity andcontagion effects. However, we show that these effects are strongest for nearby properties. The panel
nature of the data combined with exogenous shocks generated by demolitions gives us confidence that ourestimates are robust results against potential endogeneity. Also, our results are robust when we
incorporate additional information on the demolition of land-bank properties.

324

A New Approach to the Estimation of Selective Migration with an Application to Italy
Dr. Angela Parenti1, Prof Davide Fiaschi1, Dr Cristina Tealdi2
1

University Of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 2Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK

S41-S1 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This paper presents a new methodology to estimate the self-selection of migrants using
an intertemporal random utility maximisation model. This methodology, which
accounts for multiple destination choices grouped into nests, overcomes some of theissues typically discussed in the literature, such as the lack of available data on migrants
and the presence of unobservable variables. We apply this methodology tointer-regional migration in Italy in the period 1992-2016, and we find strong evidenceof self-selection among Italian regions on geographical base. Specifically, wequantify the return to education to be higher in the best Northern regions comparedto the worst Southern regions by approximately 2 percentage points, which leads to
a comparative higher inflow of skilled workers in Northern regions. However, at thesame time, some Northern regions, as Lombardy and Piedmont, also show a relatively
high outflow of skilled workers in favour of other Northern regions such as
Emilia Romagna and Veneto.

Does the implementation of the Schengen agreement boost cross-border commuting? Evidence from
Switzerland
Dr. Angela Parenti1, Dr. Cristina Tealdi2
1

University Of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 2Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK

S41-S3 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks, IUT_Room 201, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In this paper we study the effects of Switzerland implementing the Schengen agreement
on cross-border commuting from regions of neighbouring countries. As vehicles
are allowed to cross borders without stopping and residents in border areas are granted
freedom to cross borders away from fixed checkpoints, commuting costs are severely
reduced. Using data from the European Labour Force Survey, we estimate that the individual
probability to cross-border commute to Switzerland in response to this policy
has increased by a factor in the range between 3 and 6 percentage points, according todifferent model specifications. Our result is particularly important due the meaningfulpolicy implications, in a time in which the Schengen agreement is under scrutiny andat risk of termination.

A Study on the Characteristic and Conservation Measures for Traditional Residential Area – Case of
Gwangyang Urban Regeneration Area, Korea
Mr Geunmo Park1, Mr Jaerak Ahn2
1

Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju City, South Korea, 2Graduate School of Gyeongsang National
University, Jinju City, South Korea

325

G04-O2 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The old city center of Gwangyang town was formed from Gwanyang-eupseong Fortress that was the centerof the region for a long time. Currently, urban decline phenomenon has arisen from the decrease inpopulation and growth of unoccupied houses resulting from new town development. As a result, Priority
Projects for Urban Regeneration of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport of Korea is in motion.
‘Hanok(Traditional house types of Korea)’ and ‘Alley’ are conserved built environment that clearly showing
the change of residential area and characteristic of life in Gwangyang town. However, Hanoks were wornout and allies lost vitality. The deterioration of housing accelerated the decline of this area.
The purpose of this study is to find the characteristic and to make a conservation plan of the traditional
residential area for the urban regeneration of the old city center of Gwangyang.
The results are as follows: 1) The urban tissue of residential area in the old city center has been maintainedso far and Hanoks are preserved in various forms. 2) There are several types of Hanok such as southern stylefolk house, 1970s and 80’s improvement one and extended Hanok. 3) Hanoks are generally getting worn out
and there is concerned about exacerbating housing problem in high dense Hanok area on a narrow throughalley.
In the current trend continues, it will be obvious that Hanok, cultural heritage of the community, are going
to be disappeared and entire living conditions are getting worse.
Gwangyang Hanok residences will be regenerated through the following maintenance process.
First, the maintenance of a public house that worsen the living conditions of the surrounding area should begiven priority. Also, Hanok which does not have a room occupant, is having difficulties in its own
maintenance. It is considered that the support for individual Hanok maintenance is inevitable from thestandpoint of the public.
The next step is to dismantle the parts of the extension that lost its need. In the 1980s, the rapidly
increasing number of attached buildings, such as doorways, in order to secure housing, have lost theirnecessity now. If space is secured by the demolition of surplus space, it will be able to reveal thecharacteristic of Gwangyang Hanok which is characterized by relatively large lots. Also, it is necessary toconstruct new public housing and inflow of residents by utilizing surplus space.

Residential Migration and Commuting Flows: Impact of landscape and Local Labor Market Characteristics
in France
Dr. Mark Partridge1, Dr. Cecile Détang-Dessendre2, Dr. Virginie Piguet2
1

The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States, 2INRA, Dijon, France

G05-O6 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Migration and commuting flows are two mechanisms reducing aggregate unemployment and accelerating
adjustments to asymmetric regional shocks, combined with labor force participation and unemployedworkers (Partridge et al, 2012, 2017). In this paper, we focus on the two mobility types (commuting andresidential) to disentangle the professional and the residential motivations in both flows. Using zero-inflated
negative binomial model (ZINB), we estimate gravity models, explaining both flows between employment
areas in France. To capture the impact of local labor market characteristics, we introduce in particular (i)predicted local change in employment using sectoral structure, employment potential for qualified and nonqualified workers (local employment by category/active residents of that category). Different amenity
indicators are built to capture local residential characteristics: after testing classical indicators such aspresence of protected zoning, share in forest or costal area, we tested indicators built on Corine land coverand following Paracchini et al (2014). We show that flows of qualified workers are more impacted by local326

labor market characteristics (origin and destination areas) than flows of non-qualified workers. We also
show that heterogeneous landscape at destination increases the residential arrival flows while
heterogeneous landscape at residential area increases commuting flows.

Tourism and regional resilience. Evidences from European Union
Dr. Gabriela Carmen Pascariu1, Dr. Bogdan Ibanescu1
1

UAIC Iasi, Iasi, Romania

S40-S5 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Tourism activities are seen as an engine for sustainable economic growth and an instrument for regional
convergence, contributing to the catching up of less developed countries and regions. Its performance as
convergence producer is highly related to the tourism multiplier effect and the ability of tourism activities tointegrate other economic activities. Additionally, due to its dynamism and strong connections with related
economic branches, tourism is also considered a resilience provider. However, its influence on both regional
convergence and regional resilience is currently understudied, as traditional approaches to the study of
tourism impact are focused rather on economic growth generated by tourism activities. This article focuseson identifying the impact of tourism on regional convergence and regional resilience in European Union. We
used stepwise regression to evaluate the influence of tourism on both convergence and resilience capacity.
The preliminary results of the study showed that the development of tourism in the Union had a strong
potential to contribute to the reduction of intra-EU regional inequalities. Furthermore, in particular cases,
tourism activities manage to generate higher resilience capacity for destinations. These findings could
potentially have important implications for policy making in European Union. The indication is that our
preliminary results seem to be supporting the principle of integrating tourism into growth, resilience, andconvergence-oriented policies. These results can be used by policy makers to develop targetedinterventions aimed at enhancing the multiplier capacity in peripheral and lagging regions in order toreduce regional disparities and increase tourism competitiveness throughout the European Union.

The Impacts of Disaster on Tourism Economy in Kyushu Region, Japan
Ms Marly Patandianan1, Mr Hiroyuki Shibusawa1
1

Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi Prefecture, Japan

G18-O2 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Kyushu Region is a third largest island in Japan, located southwest of the main island Honshu. Kyushu offers
many tourism destinations: hot springs, fascinating history, fresh culinary, natural beauty, and welcoming
friendly local people. Many tourists have been visiting there and generate income for the Kyushu area.
Similar to other regions in Japan, Kyushu is also known to be prone to a disaster. A strong earthquake
disaster in Kumamoto and Oita prefectures, Kyushu Region occurred in April, 2016. Those areas were worst
affected, even some tourist attractions around Kumamoto and Oita remain closed. Furthermore, thecancellation of lodging from the number of tourists both domestic and inbound gave growth to a significant
impact on the tourism industry. In this paper, a methodology to evaluate the effects of earthquake disasteron tourism consumption in Kumamoto and Oita prefecture will be developed. The input-output table ofKumamoto and Oita prefectures in 2011 will be used to estimate the Inter-regional input-output (IRIO)
table. In addition, the tourism final demand also will be estimated. The IRIO table of municipalities inKumamoto and Oita prefectures consists of 36 sectors and 18 regions including the prefecture border areas327

of Kumamoto and Oita prefectures, with the whole country and the world treated as an exogenous sector(for imports and export). The IRIO table will be constructed to calculate the spillover effects on theeconomic damage between cities and towns in Kumamoto and Oita prefectures before and after theearthquake disaster. Then, the gravity model will be estimated using data from IRIO table to adjust themthrough repetitive calculations until they corresponded. Hereafter, some numerical simulations will be
conducted.

The Role of Territorial Capital and Innovative Milieux in Shaping Paths of Development of Central andEastern European Regional Centers
Dr. Adam Pathy1, Dr. Janos Rechnitzer1
1

Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Institution for Regional Studies, Győr, Hungary

G04-O6 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Our paper is aiming at the conceptualization and operationalization of the development of the regional
centers of Central and Eastern Europe in the framework of the concept of territorial capital.
According to our basic hypothesis, territorial capital is the unique combination of socio-economic andcultural-intellectual capital generated in cities over time and varies from one spatial entity to another. The
stock of territorial capital, and the points of emphasis of factors influencing it are in permanent evolution ina similar way to urban development processes and the interactions between the various components areconstantly being reshaped. In the background of these shifts we can primarily detect the diverse economic,
social, administrative-management, regional functions of cities and their realignment.
In our research programme, we conduct a longitudinal analysis of 95 cities in 10 Central and Eastern
European countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia), identifying the main factors behind socio-economic development. Our objective is to provide a
description and evaluation of the innovative milieux and their evolution in the respectve cities, presumingthat as a product of the temporal evolution of territorial capital these milieux are subjects to change. We
presume that cities dispose of diverse components of territorial capital may vary in its conditions, structureand forms of manifestation. The research seeks to detect the development paths of the examined cities
determined by the various capital types and the innovative milieux constructed on their basis, and to
identify the groups of CEE regional centers characterized by identical development patterns.
Our project is in the stage of elaboration of the framework of empirical analysis, so this paper concentrates
on the identification ond measurement of elements and types of territorial capital.

Digital Applications in Urban Public Transport: a Comparative Analysis of Shared and Sustainable ondemand transport solutions in Germany and Greece
Ms Anastasia Patsouri1
1National and Kapodistrian University Of Athens / MSc Candidate, Athens, Greece, 2Regional Development Institute ofPanteion University / MSc Candidate, Athens, Greece

G02-YS1 Mobility and Digital Transformations
IUT_Room 207, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM

328

Digital applications are transforming the functioning of cities, proposing solutions to urban challenges.
Digital transport solutions have become a representative example of the implementation of sustainablemobility strategies in cities. This master thesis focuses in the case of on-demand Ridepooling and aims toinvestigate whether on-demand Ridepooling is a sustainable urban mobility solution. Can on-demand
Ridepooling contribute to the sustainable development of urban areas and can it really provide solutions tothe urban mobility challenges cities face today? What is a sustainable mobility solution and how is it
measured? These are the driving questions of this research, that presents an interdisciplinary comparative
assessment of on-demand Ridepooling in Germany and Greece. Unique operational data of on-demand
Ridepooling in Germany are published for the first time. Operations are predicted and simulated for Greece,
where on- demand Ridepooling doesn’t exist yet. Moreover, significant literature review on sustainablemobility indicators is presented. The relation of on-demand Ridepooling to the three pillars of urban
sustainable development is examined. Furthermore, a selection of interviews with key stakeholders,planners, and transport experts provides unique insights regarding the differentiated paths those twocountries are following in shared transport solutions. Finally, policy recommendations are extracted,
regarding a) the applicability of digital shared mobility solutions, such as on-demand Ridepooling and b) the
synergies between public policies and market forces in order to achieve effective and sustainable mobility
solutions for the urban ecosystem.

The Role of Accessibility and Spatial Interaction in a Doubly Constrained Model: Evidence for Domestic
Tourism Flows in Italy
Dr Roberto Patuelli1, Giacomo Galiazzo1, Dr Aura Reggiani1
1

University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

G16-O6 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Spatial interaction models (SIMs) are extensively used, in many socio-economic contexts (such ascommuting, migration, tourism, international trade, communication networks, FDI, citation networks, etc.)
to model all kinds of bilateral interactions between spatial units. Typically, municipalities, regions or nations
are the reference level of spatial aggregation. However, in this wide literature making use of SIM, very few
studies make use of a complete, more proper estimation based on origin and destination constraints (ODC).
In particular, ODCs allow to carry out comparative statics (e.g. simulating shocks) while maintaining
consistent totals of the origin-destination matrix containing all flows. While ODCs can be numericallyapproximated for a specific cross-section by sets of fixed or random effects, or by what in international
trade are known as multilateral resistance terms, they depend on the explanatory variables in the model,
and therefore are dynamic. Their typical nonlinear estimation represents an obstacle, for most researchers,
to their utilization. The analysis of tourism flows by means of SIMs has been limited by such difficulty as
well. In this paper, we propose an easy-to-use algorithm and software for the estimation and calibration of
doubly constrained SIMs. We employ a 12-year panel of domestic tourism flows for the 20 Italian regions, aswell as a related database of regional characteristics and tourism push/pull factors for empirical verificationand comparative statics. We stress that the proposed calibration method/software may be applied in SIMs
for any other type of origin-destination flow data. In addition, based on the cost-sensitivity parameters
emerging from the calibration of the doubly constrained SIMs, the accessibility of the most touristic regions
will be computed, in order to test whether the most attractive regions in Italy are also the most accessible.

329

Considering environment, health and inhabitants’ wellbeing in urban planning: a modeling approach
Dr. Camille Payre1, Pr. Darby Jack2, Hélène Cessey1, Pr. Patrick Kinney3, Guillaume Bardeau1, Elise Nimal1, Dr.
Samuel Thiriot1
1

EIFER, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia
University, New York City, USA, 3Environmental Health Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston,USA

S56-S1 Transport, health and socio-territorial disparities
IUT_Room 108, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Cities, as major population and activities hubs, have to consider in addition to their operational constraints,
environment and human health preservation, and especially in protecting their inhabitants in all theirdiversity. Traffic and domestic heating are crucial aspects of a functioning city. They and are recognized as
major anthropogenic urban sources of air pollution and noise, and consequently as major sources of healthimpacts in urban context.
A geo-localized modelling method has been developed. The focus was put on supporting decision making by
proposing an integrated approach, replicable on different cities. After a diagnosis of the current situation
based on local data, prospective scenarios are designed, especially regarding traffic and energy production.
Then punctual, linear and surfacic emissions are modeled and resulting air pollutants concentrations within
the city are estimated using a Gaussian air pollution dispersion model. Finally, effects on inhabitants’ healthare determined, including effects on more sensible population either from a health point of view (children,
elderly) or from a social one.
The method was successfully applied in two contexts, Strasbourg (France), and New York City (USA), eachtime in partnership with local stakeholders. In the first case, data were provided by the city and the local
partners whereas in the second case they were mainly found in the open data systems. It is adaptable to thestakeholders’ needs: focus on air pollution in New York City, air pollution and noise in Strasbourg.
This approach may be reinforced with other indicators such as greenhouse gases emissions, urban heatisland, cost-benefit analysis or affordability of the solutions on short and long term.

European Capitals of Culture: unkept promises or real development assets?
Ms Sabrina Pedrini1, Prof. Pierluigi Sacco2
1

Bologna University, Bologna, Italy, 2IULM University, Milan, Italy

G04-O9 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Since 1985, the designation of the European Capital of Culture is an object of intense public attention. As of
2008, the designation has become competitive, with significant amounts of resource invested by bidding
cities and with consequent high levels of social pressure and expectation from local civic societies. The
program has been thought to foster stronger links and exchanges among European citizens, and has met a
growing success and an increasing cultural and socio-economic impact. The competition between the cities
is very intense and the initial investment made by the local communities to participate is high. Various cities
have attempted to capitalize the title in different ways, but it is not easy to make long-term evaluations of
the program’s actual outcomes for a specific city. The different types of performances of the cities that have
had this recognition lead to wonder what are the variables of a success that has lasted for this initiative. This
paper aims at carrying out a meta-analysis of the impact of ECoCs as measured in the available, vast andrapidly increasing literature. We classify such studies in terms of the preferential orientation of each capitalin terms of one of the 5 macro-categories of developmental factors as developed in the theoreticalframework of system-wide cultural districts. The meta-analysis allows us to draw some general conclusions
330and policy implications for future ECoCs and about the overall significance, viability and sustainability of the
program, focusing our attention on the impact that the policies adopted to date have also had in terms ofland and local development.

Urban regeneration with large neighborhoods to achieve a decrease in sprawl: educational experiments
Dr. Piero Pedrocco1
1

Università Degli Studi Di Udine, Udine, Italy, 2Centro Regionale di Studi Urbanistici del Veneto, Venezia, Italy

S47-S2 Maintenance and regeneration of the territory and the city as an occasion for their ecologicaltransformation
MILC_Room 409, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Starting from three educational experiments conducted at the University of Udine, the contribution
attempts to identify a new viable path for urban planning. It is a matter of moving from the key diagram tothe urban project and urban design, equipped with models and volumes, and then going back, questioning
the urban project to draft a local neighborhood plan. At the basis of the reasoning conducted is a reversal of
the traditional urban planning process. This usually starts from the plan that offers homogeneous zones tothe market on which to expand or complete the consolidated city. Here, on the contrary, starting from apossible example of an idealized city, we want to put it into question with the plan, which is inspired by it.
It is therefore proposed to identify models of future cities, respectful of the models of the past, returning to
the compactness and livability of the Italian Renaissance city and more generally of the European city. And
this without undermining the need for an architecture that is always innovative and in step with the times.
In this way it is also treated the theme of land consumption, linking it to a better balance between city andcountryside. An equilibrium put in difficulty by the sprawl of the last decades, with the random spread ofcivil and industrial buildings throughout the territory of the plain between the consolidated cities.
The contribution proceeds through the examples of the projects carried on, which, although utopian anddidactic, are focused on the concrete research of new ways and methods of planning the future city. A
research that could provide, even if in littler districts, useful results for the practice, even without the needto change too much the current planning laws.

Labour mobility effects of a firm level shock
Prof. Guido Pellegrini1, Dr. Augusto Cerqua1
1

Università Sapienza di Roma, Roma, ITALY

S51-S2 Counterfactual methods for regional policy evaluation: Social and labour policies
IUT_Room 304, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In a period dominated by an economic crisis, there is a greater demand for place-based policies that help in
the areas most influenced by the effects of the crisis. Most governments offer subsidies that claim toprotect jobs, reduce unemployment and foster local economic activity, particularly in disadvantaged
geographical areas. However, place-based policies have a significant influence on both the local andneighboring labor markets, also linked to the possibility of commuting. The reason is that while restricting
where businesses may locate in order to receive subsidies or tax, there are few constraints on whom
subsidized businesses must hire. The purpose of this paper is the study of the labor mobility response inrespect to supply shocks. In particular, we want to assess the effects on employment, both of the subsidized
company and the area where it is located, of an incentive for the replacement or establishment of newcapital. The study uses two particular and rare archives: the INPS archive that follows over time individual
workers identifying where they work, and that of Law 488, which allocates incentives to companies
331following a scheme that uses a ranking with discontinuity. Using a multiple regression discontinuity design,
we can evaluate the effects of incentives on the labor market, identifying where new hires are coming from(from the LLS, from neighboring ones, from outside, unemployed, students, others), and evaluating humancapital. This allows us to understand the geographical extent and wage effects of a place-based policy on
the local labor market.
See extended abstract online.

A new theory of the development of the Arctic and the North: a multi-scale interdisciplinary synthesis
Professor Alexander Pilyasov1, Dr Nadezhda Zamyatina2
1

Institute of Regional Consulting, Moscow, Russian Federation, 2Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation

G04-O2 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
An ambitious task has been undertaken to create a new theory of colonization on three main sources - theSoviet development school, the European school of regional science, the North American school of frontier.
The tradition of linking the development process with the location of productive forces is taken from theSoviet school. From the European regional science, the idea has been taken that any social process in theregions is subject to general laws in the spirit of the theory of endogenous economic growth. From theNorth American frontier theory, an idea was taken of the innovative search for new opportunities for
economic development in the newly developed territory.
A comparison has been made of the nature of the development process then and now, and it had beenconcluded that today, in general, the modern process of economic development is characterized by asignificantly greater spatial unevenness, center-periphery, multiactor, unprecedented role of resource
corporations as agents of glocalization; the heterogeneity of time according to the stages of thedevelopment process (which was expressed significantly weaker in the planned administrative-commandmodel of colonization) and the enormous role of project management (project financing, project legislation,
tailored to a specific project of a new resource development). The peculiarity of modern development isthat it implies the coexistence of two schemes - mastering “from scratch” and on the foundation of theformer infrastructural development, which have different effects and patterns on territorial structures,development cycles, etc.
Integration of global and local scales is considered on the example of resource corporations as superactorsof colonization of the Northern territories, in whose activities both a global and a local element are present.
The study of spatial strategies and behavior of MNCs is first used to study the territorial configurations of
new development in three northern and arctic territories: for example, the territorial structure of licensed
areas of the oil and gas corporations of Ugra, the oil capital of Russia, the territorial structure of licenseareas of oil and gas companies in the Arctic Nenets autonomous Okrug, and the territorial structure of
NovaTEK in the Yamal, the gas capital of Russia.
This three-year (2018-2020) project is financed through the grant of the Russian Foundation for
Fundamental Research № 18-05-00600.

Complexity of Innovation in Education: The case of Bilbao City
Ms María Begoña Peña-Lang1
1

University of The Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain

G07-O1 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
332

To speak of education, training, and technology from a territorial level where the city as a complex systemwith educational institutions in and for society, these heterogeneous and interacting elements.
Interdisciplinarity is needed to solve the problem of the evolution of innovation in education and thechange that universities have now and for the future, a permanent challenge for a complex society inconstant transformation.
To be able to analyze the functionality of the different subsystems within the territory within the generalsystem and respond to the demands of its users and society and, at the same time, anticipate the realities
that present themselves should be one of the priorities, focusing on processes of creation and managementof new knowledge.
The importance of institutional data management and the use of digital information assets is well known,
not only to satisfy academic needs but also for the establishment of a culture of decision-making based ondata, but the question to be resolved within this complexity would be whether we are technically preparedand socially committed enough to facilitate a change that remains in time and being aware that it can revert
to an improvement in the educational reality, after the failed attempts of many reforms implemented inmany countries in recent years in the field of education.
Many factors affect this change (use of ICT, internationalization, fundings, collaborators, modernization ofteaching and learning methods, processes, organization, teaching staff, quality, the reality of the territory inwhich they are located)….
The needs and possibilities of each territory and its respective society must be taken into account: theageing of the population, lack of young people to take over, change in the productive model of many cities
based on technological services, digital economy, energy, health…
The objective of this work is to offer a descriptive analysis that may show to what extent the territory andits socio-economic configuration implies a complexity for innovation in education through the study of thecase of the city of Bilbao, through their respective educational agents and its transmission to the rest of theeconomic sub-sectors in order to question and/or validate in later research the role of cities and theirterritorial planning as guarantors of the development of innovation in Education.

Union, International Trade and Unemployment
Dr. Li-Wen Hong1, Prof. Shin-Kun Peng2
1

Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 2Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

G05-O2 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
We adopt Montagna and Noccos (2013) unionization framework and introduce search frictions into
homogeneous sector to study how the unionsbargaining power affects the unemployment rate before andafter trade. When the unions bargaining power increases, the minimum production threshold required tostay in the market decreases. It allows the entry of relatively less productively firms. The selection soften
effect may be generated through the reduction in the toughness of competition via different labor demand
elasticity of firms. Firms with higher productivity pay higher wages to labors. That is, raising unions
bargaining power do harm to the firms with higher productivity, and then it may leave the market space forfirms with lower productivity. The number of entrant is decreasing and the number of surviving firms
depends on the magnitude of unionsbargaining power. In autarky, we find out that when theunionsbargaining power is low enough, and increase in the bargaining power would cause the fall of333

aggregate unemployment rate. The effect of increasing in surviving firms outweighs the shrinking in averagelabor demand of firms. When the bargaining power is in the median level, the number of firms is still
increasing but the average labor demand per firm decreases significantly. The later effect dominates theformer; therefore, thus the total number of unemployed labors is increasing. When the bargaining power ishigh enough, then the unemployment rate increases in the bargaining power. After international trade isallowed,firms now could choose to serve domestic and foreign market or only producing for domestic
market. Labor unions negotiate wages with distinct profit centers within a firm, that is, domestic andexporting departments. Labors in each department may earn different wages because of the variable priceelasticity faced by different departments. We highlight the case that unions have asymmetric bargaining
powers in two countries. Increasing in unions bargaining power of one country always lowers the total
number of employed labors in exporting sector, while the number of employed labors in domestic sector
depends on the trade-o¤ between the magnitude of trade openness and bargaining power, so does theunemployment rate.

The ecological value of urban regeneration. Green as a founding element of the project.
Prof. Carlo Peraboni1, Arch. Marco Mangiamele1
1

Politecnico di Milano - DAStU, Milano, Italy

S47-S1 Maintenance and regeneration of the territory and the city as an occasion for their ecologicaltransformation
MILC_Room 409, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Starting from interpretative and functional matters, the paper analyzes the complexity and the themes of
the regeneration, focusing the attention on the possible ecological strategies that the project must face.
It is necessary to frame the regenerative approach from a terminological point of view, underlining thepeculiarities and differentiating it from the other terms used in past: recovery, renewal and rehabilitation;
not to incur in a fast trivialization.
The regeneration must face and accept the experimental and innovative character of its process, with a longterm sense-making vision, seeking equity and integration through unpublished formal and functionalsituations.
The green public spaces will have a key role how innovative elements for new forms of interaction between“urban” and “nature”. The regeneration will look for a new cohesion considering the public spaces througha multi-level and multi-disciplinary approach.
The “Cities and Biodiversity Outlook” reports questions and challenges to the urban design. It points out, inthe biodiversity investigation, a strategic element to develop urban resilience, building up complex natural
habitats, rich and attractive, redefining the environmental governance agenda.
The core of the paper is the experience of the “Re-active Strategies” project, started in 2016 at Politecnico
di Milano, Mantua Campus. The reading of around eighty projects has delineate some themes that focus thecharacters of urban regeneration, between plurality of actions and activities to revitalize marginal placesinside the cities.
Starting from the development of the social and ecological resilience strategy and promote a network ofurban spaces is underlined the necessity to insert strong natural elements in the urban centers, facing theattention to the design of the contact frame between city and nature.
The regenerative approach needs to know the characters of the places pay attention to verify the design
coherence of the urban actions, both to the local and territorial scale.

334

The research ultimately underline five strategy and work themes, in which it is deduced the needs to:assume the history and the historical evidence as a design materials; recognize the value and the role of the
new ecosystem; deeply integrate the project in the policy agenda; adopt a multi-scale approach to generate
attractiveness on the main points of the urban grid and start a progressive planning process refers to a
multiple visions, defining what is called “open design”.

Solar Power Diffusion in Urban Area: Complexity and Structural Changes
Prof. João Basilio Pereima1, Matheus Alexandria Sposito1
1

Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil

G14-O2 Energy and Ecological Transition
MILC_Room 410, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Decentralized generation of solar power has become one of the great energy alternatives for the world and
it is in its first stages of dissemination as a new disruptive technology, with diverse effects on the economic
development and the organization of the urban centres, generating structural changes that reach thefunctioning of the energy market, the urban centres dynamics and the household's behaviour whose play asimultaneous role as consumer/producer. Currently, there are few models for diffusion of decentralized
solar generation which despite of using agent-based. We designed a diffusion model to overcome theexisting limitations by modelling a city of hypothetical topology that integrates several layers and add
several micro and macroeconomic variables that are important for a systemic understanding of the
problem. Relevant contributions include:a.) a model capable of dealing with the problem from the urban centre perspective;b.) spatially oriented diffusion that depends on the topological distribution of residences in an urban centre;c.) a real time-line with hourly solar radiation incidence, consumption and production in the short-run,synchronized with monthly households decision and accountability going up to 10 years of projection.
d.) integration between the physical network (IEEE 33 standard) and economic decisions;e.) endogenous price setting considering different rules and market regulation framework;f.) cash flow of system operators and households; and finally,g.) evaluation of public policy, such as subsidies, minimum prices, tax and investments.

Wage Differentials in Brazil: How far agglomeration explains?
Mr Jefferson Pereira1, Mr Adelson Silva2, Mrs Roberta Rocha3
1

UFRPE, SERRA TALHADA, BRAZIL, 2UFRPE, SERRA TALHADA, BRAZIL, 3UFPE, CARUARU, BRAZIL

G15–YS1 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 108, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The main purpose of this study was to identify the contribution of the worker, firm and region's effects,
focusing on the density of employment as a measure of agglomeration, on the wage differential in theBrazilian regions in the period from 2010 to 2014. The analysis was made in panel, from RAIS data, whichallows the monitoring of the individual over time. Initially, mincerian equations was applied to the OLS
models, with analysis focused on the fixed effects results. Afterwards, the regression method was applied
by instrumental variables in order to eliminate the possible endogeneity of the employment density. The
results indicated that there is a wage differential, although small attributed to the density of employment,
accordingly to the literature. It has been found that education, the sector which the worker is inserted, andthe size of the firm have a strong influence on wage differentials, especially to, higher level educationindividuals, workers form the industry sector and those workers of big firms. Finally, it is conclude that the335

density of employment, characteristics of individuals, firms and region contribute to the existence of wage
differentials.

Creative tourism as a challenging proposal for peripheral territories: insights from an ongoing case study
in Portugal
Dr. Maria Gato1, Prof. Margarida Perestrelo1, Dr. Elisabete Tomaz1, Dr. Ana Rita Cruz1, Prof. Pedro Costa1
1Instituto Universitário de Lisboa /ISCTE-IUL (Dinâmia'Cet-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal

G18-O4 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In many countries around the world, the tourism sector has been gaining particular relevance in thedevelopment of several cities and regions. However, it has also been raising several concerns about thenegative impacts of the growth of these activities. In Portugal, several cities seek to benefit from the wave
of tourist attractiveness that has been projecting the country in several international rankings. At the sametime, rural areas and small sized cities try to find new tourist products as alternatives to counter thecongestion and massification problems of the large metropolis tourism activity by developing creative
initiatives based on tangible and intangible local projects.
For peripheral territories, such as rural areas or small sized cities, investing on creative-based tourism as awide process involving artistic creation and the co-creation or accumulation of aesthetic and symbolic
knowledge can be a good and complementary strategy for territorial enhancement. From a planningperspective, the idea of linking creative dynamics and tourism is generally supported by arguments such as:
an opportunity for territorial, economic and social regeneration to diversify the structure of the tourism
sector; to retain population and revitalize their cultural and social heritage; to enhance creative milieus andfoster organic territorial dynamics, reflecting the “sense of place” and the unique and intangible
characteristics of local communities (Richards & Wilson, 2006).
Thus, there is a growing interest in understanding how cultural and creative activities can drive thedevelopment of innovative and sustainable tourism solutions. The way tourists can be embedded in thelocal cultures to find out about place identities and explore the authenticity of local intangible heritage
highlights the role of tourists as co-creators of knowledge and co-producers of experiences (Binkhorst,2007), but also the active role that the host communities can (and should) play in the process.
Taking the CREATOUR project as an example — a project currently being implemented at national level in
Portugal (Norte, Centro, Alentejo, and Algarve NUTS II regions) that aims to develop and pilot an integrated
approach and research agenda for creative-based tourism in small cities and rural areas – thiscommunication intends to present some results of this pioneering experience. The discussion will focus on
the challenges of the co-creation process of places and cultural experiences and some expected impacts
induced on territories and local communities where the creative-based tourism activities are being
implemented.

A tale of two cities. Regional development and interregional migration
Dr. Rodrigo Perez Silva1, Dr. William Foster2
1

Universidad Mayor, Chile, Santiago, Chile, 2Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

S41-S1 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM

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The usual approach when studying migration is to describe either the characteristics of potential migrantsthat affect the likelihood of the migration decision, or the place-specific attributes that attract or repel
migrants, or, as addressed in more recent literature, a combination of both. In the analysis of the role of theplace-specific attributes of origins and destinations, the literature points to differences in unemployment,poverty, and income, among other factors, that influence population migration and relocation decisions.
There are, however, different types of potential migrants who respond differently to different incentives
and place-specific characteristics. This is especially likely to be true for lagging sub-regions within asufficiently large primal-city area or country. This present paper aims to describe how different stages ofdevelopment in a region of origin for emigrants determine migration decisions and whether different
population sub-groups are more or less responsive at these different stages of development. Preliminary
results suggest that, first, individuals are more likely to migrate when their own region’s development iseither very low or very high. And that, second, conditional both on the attributes of the destination regionand on individual characteristics, the level of economic development of the emigrant’s home region
selectively affects the migration decision. In particular, early stages of economic development areassociated with migration of relatively low-skilled workers, whereas the opposite is true at more advanced
stages of development. Empirical results are presented for the case of internal migration in Chile, over the
2000-2017 period.

Labor informality and informal settlements: afirst approach for Colombian cities
Mr Gerson Javier Perez-valbuena1, Mr Jaime Bonet1, Mr Edwin Chirivi2
1

Banco De La Republica (the Central Bank Of Colombia), Cartagena, Colombia, 2Camacol, Cartagena, Colombia

G04-O12 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The concept of informality is understood from multiple contexts, mostly denoting a negative aspect related
to the total or partial non-compliance with certain conditions established by regulations. Two of thecontexts are the labor market and the housing market. In both, the condition of informality is associatedwith undesirable situations, in the first related to employment status and in the second related to individual
or familial housing conditions. As expected, developing countries are the most vulnerable to cope withinformality. According to the International Labor Organization, in countries like Ethiopia, Madagascar and
Rwanda, more than 70% of the working population does not have the minimum working conditions. For theparticular case of Colombia, based on 2016 data, labor informality is about 50%.
In the case of urban informality, about 800 million people live in informal settlements worldwide. In
developing countries, on average, about 32% of the urban population live in places without the minimum
housing conditions. For the particular case of Colombia, according to UN-Habitat in 2009, Colombia had
approximately five million people in informal dwellings, representing 14% of the urban population.
Compared with 31% in the early nineties, it is clear the achievements of the country regarding theimprovements in the quality of housing conditions.
Despite the evident relationship between these two types of informality, the literature shows just a small
number of studies analyzing the potential relationship between these two phenomena. In order to fill thisgap, the aim of this paper is to conduct a first exploration for Colombia, that allow us to understand (1)what has been the dynamics of these two phenomena?; (2) whether or not has been persistent over time;(3) are housing and labor informality feeding back to each other?.
In order to answer these questions, we use data from Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH), theColombian household survey, corresponding to 13 main metropolitan areas over the period 2009-2015.
From this comprehensive database, it is possible to build indicators that approximate the level of labor andurban informality in each of the metropolitan areas. Methods analyzing these phenomena includes
contingency tables, transition matrices, and bivariate probit models. Results show that the incidence of one
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informality is closely related to the other, and there is evidence of a stable long-term relationship. The main
related factors affecting both informalities are household size and education, with differential effects acrosseconomic sectors and regions.

Mapping the evolution of information flows between cities: a computational social science approach
Mr Antoine Peris1, Willem Jan Faber2, Dr. Evert Meijers1, Pr. Dr. Maarten van Ham1
1

TU Delft, Delft, Netherlands, 2Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague, Netherlands

S29-S1 Mapping flows, movements and cities networks at a European level
MILC_Room 309, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
When studying the organisation of systems of cities, most research builds on the movement of people,
goods and capital. Only few studies have analysed the exchanges of information, which is surprising because
information plays a crucial role in organising the complex pattern of networks and flows connecting cities.
Only recently has information regained attention with studies employing data derived from social media,
phone calls or scientific collaborations. In a way this is a return to the start of research on systems of cities,
as in the early days information flows received a lot of attention. For instance, researchers used newspapers
to analyse the circulation of news, because it was one of the only ways to develop a relational approach of
cities. But because of the cost of the data collection, these studies were limited to a small number of cities,
and very short periods of time.
Today, thanks to the effort of digitalization of historical newspapers, and developments in data science, it is
now possible to go back in time and map the circulation of information with a high spatial resolution. While
researchers have shown that these massive digital archives can be used to identify macroscopic trends
related to cultural change, very few studies have looked systematically at the geographical dimension ofthese archives. In this paper, we use Delpher, the digital archive of historical newspapers of the Royal
Library of the Netherlands. We look at the spatial diffusion of information between the Dutch cities with a
corpus of 35 local newspapers published in 29 different cities. These newspapers have published around 48
million of news-items between 1869 and 1939.
As local newspapers had a limited area of diffusion, we were able to build origin-destination matrices of
information flows from 317 cities and towns to the 25 cities for which we have digitalized newspapers. This
operation allowed us to map the information field of these 25 cities and its evolution through history.
Because of the challenges of mapping this data with such a high spatial and temporal resolution, thevisualisation of ‘information fields’ is complemented with the application of a cross-temporal gravity model
used to measure the evolution of the distance decay coefficient across the 70 years that our dataset covers.
Obviously, pioneering this method is of importance to apply it to more contemporary resources.

Environmental Costs of European Union Membership: A Structural Decomposition Analysis
Prof. Fernando Perobelli1, Prof. Randall Jackson3, Prof. Amir Neto3, Dr Inacio Junior2
1

Federal University of Juiz De Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil, 2University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 3West Virginia
Universtiy, Morgantown, United States

G12-R1 Location of Economic Activity
MILC_Room 308, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The interest in this paper lies in the environmental costs of the European Union (EU). EU membership
requires a series of economic and political changes that should impact the country's production andconsumption structures and its trade relationships. These, in turn, will affect $CO_2$ emissions sources and338

levels. This is especially true for the former Soviet Union countries that recently joined the EU, given the
difference in their levels of development and production structure. Using a structural decomposition
analysis we are able to quantify the main drivers of changes in emissions differentiating six components,
namely: emissions intensity, industrial structure and sourcing, consumer preferences, final demand sourcing
and consumption level. Grouping the countries into five clubs, New European Union countries, Old
European Union countries, the United States of America, China, and the Rest of the World, we measure
trading pattern changes and their impact on CO_2 emission levels.

Estimating road transport costs between and within EU regions
Dr. Damiaan Persyn1, Dr. Jorge Diaz Lanchas1, Dr. Javier Barbero Jimenez1
1

European Commission, Sevilla, Spain

S30-S1 Connecting short and long distance perspectives in freight transportation
IUT_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Transport costs are a crucial element of any spatial economic model. Surprisingly, good transport costestimates at a detailed spatial level for the EU are not readily available. In this paper we address this issue
by estimating a novel dataset of road freight transport costs for goods for the EU regions at the NUTS 2
level. In the spirit of the generalized transport cost (GTC) concept, we calculate the composite cost related
to distance and time for the optimal route of a representative truck. We consider routes between large
random samples of centroids drawn from a 1kmx1km population density grid. These transport costs areaveraged to obtain an origin-destination cost matrix (in euros) at the region-pair level. The sampling
approach also allows calculating the average transport cost within the regions. We separately report thecorresponding iceberg transport costs for each pair of European regions, since this is the form of input
required by many economic models. We also consider the effect of changes in the components of the GTC
in order to evaluate transport policies. We set up a transport policy tool to assess the impact of roadtransport infrastructure investment in a region by considering upgrading roads to highways. We apply thistool to study transport infrastructure investment through the European Cohesion Policy program 20142020.

Estimating wage rigidities in European regions
Prof. dr. Ragnar Nymoen2, Dr. Damiaan Persyn1
1

European Commission, Sevilla, Spain, 2University of Oslo, , Norway

G05-R1 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The degree of wage rigidity in a region or country plays a crucial role in determining how economics shocks
are translated into changes in the level of (un)employment. This is the case both in the real world, as well as
in macro-economic models that are used to evaluate fiscal and monetary policy. Most empirical andtheoretical models work on wage rigidities operate on the national level. However, it is clear especially inEurope that one the one hand there exist both large and persistent regional unemployment differences,which calls for analysis on the regional level; but on the other hand institutions such labour unions orlegislation on wage negotiations make that variables at the national level may also have a large influence onregional wages. This paper therefore estimates wage rigidities at the regional level, but controls for relevant
determinants at the national level. We are not the first to consider such a mix of regional and nationalvariables in regional wage regressions, see for example (Jimeno and Bentolila 1998). To the best of ourknowledge, however, we are the first to do this systematically on the level of the EU.
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As a second contribution to this literature, we argue that there exists an aggregation bias when estimating
wage rigidities on the national level, if the true relationship between wages and (un)employment is at theregional level and non-log-linear. Our results show that estimating wage curves on national data leads tohigher parameter estimates (a steeper wage curve).
This stems from the combination of a log-linear functional form and regional heterogeneity if the true
underlying relationship between regional wages and regional unemployment is not log-linear. We provide
results to show that 1/ only when regional unemployment rates are equal, the country-level wage curve
coincides with the underlying regional wage curves. 2/ the national wage curve is steeper compared to theregional wage curve is the variation in unemployment stems from the region with relatively low
unemployment. 3/ the national wage curve is flatter when the variation stems from the region withrelatively high unemployment region. Such spatial aggregation bias was already described by R.G. Lipsey in
1960, but seems to have been largely ignored since.
The data we use is from Eurostat. We consider three sectors: C, F and G-I. The data is yearly, from 2000 to
2016. Our estimation strategy builds on Nymoen and Rodseth (2003).

Much ado about nothing? How the implementation of S3 changed the allocation of ERDF funds of Italianregions
Dr. Francesco Perugini1, Prof Donato Iacobucci1, Prof Diego D'Adda1
1

Università Politecnica delle Marche, civitanova marche, Italy

S54-S2 Evaluating Smart Specialisation: early evidence on policy implementation and economictransformation
IUT_Room 304, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The design of a Smart Specialization Strategy (S3) was an EU conditionality for the allocation of structural
funds (ESIF) to regions for the programming period 2014-2020. Regions were not only required to elaborate
and declare a specific strategy for the allocation of ESIF funds but also to follow a set of rules for its
elaboration and design. For the elaboration of the strategy the major novelty was the involvement of major
stakeholders, in the logic of the quadruple helix, and the emphasis on the entrepreneurial discovery process
in the selection of promising sectoral and technological targets where to concentrate resources. In fact, theother major novelty of S3 was the emphasis on the concentration of public funds in few domains in which
the region may gain a competitive advantage in production and innovation (specialization). These domains
were expected to be chosen according to the actual strengths of the region (thus the smart nature of thestrategy)
Up to now, the literature on S3 has devoted its attention on discussing the rationales for this strategy andhow the process was implemented by EU regions. Today, after a few years of implementation of S3, wehave some figures to assess first outcomes. In this work, we aim at assessing to what extent S3
implementation changed the investment strategy of regions as compared with the previous programming
period.

Heterogeneous effects of agglomeration on firm innovation in Germany
Prof. Annekatrin Niebuhr2, Dr. Cornelius Peters1, Mr. Alex Schmidke2
1

Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Braunschweig, GERMANY, 2Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg,
Germany340

G07-R1 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
We investigate the impact of agglomeration on firm innovation, differentiating between the effects ofurbanization and localization economies on four distinct types of innovation in manufacturing and services.
The regression analysis covers the period 1999 to 2010 and is based on the IAB Establishment Panel, a
representative survey of about 1% of all firms in Germany. Among others, the firms report whether they
introduced a new product/service, improved or imitated an existing one. Furthermore, information on
process innovation is available. The panel structure of the data set enables us to address an importanteconometric issue. We control for composition effects caused by the selection of highly innovative firms
into dense urban regions by considering both observable and unobservable firm characteristics. The results
indicate that composition effects are important. A large portion of the regional differences in firm
innovation rates is caused by firm characteristics. Estimates that ignore unobserved heterogeneity at thefirm level still point to a positive and significant impact of localization on different types of innovation.
However, once we include firm fixed effects and distinguish between manufacturing and services, we, incontrast, only find some weak indication that there is a positive effect of localization economies on radical
innovations of manufacturing firms. In addition, the rate to adopt an existing product or service by amanufacturing firm is positively related to the regional employment density. For the service sector, incontrast, we find adverse effects of localization on different kinds of innovation and no important effect ofurbanization.

Fiscal decentralization and local expenditure policy in the CEE countries
Mr Mihai-bogdan Petrisor1, Ms Elena Cigu1
1

Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Of Iasi, Iasi, Romania

G06-O5 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The theory and empirical evidences show us that fiscal decentralization enhances government efficiency by
restraining the size of public sectors. Regarding to the size of the public sector, a series of articles werestudied and also published, that are based mainly on the Armey curve. With the long experience of thevarious states and the rich literature on the field, it can be noticed that it is not possible to separate or
formulate a rule that maximum economic welfare can be ensured on the background of "small" or "large"
public expenditures (government size). In this paper we studied the relationship between fiscal
decentralization and local expenditure and analyze how the vertical fiscal imbalance shapes thisrelationship. The empirical analysis is based on a panel of 11 economies of the European Union that arelocated in Central and East of Europe over the period of time 2000 – 2015. We estimate that our results toshow that fiscal decentralization increases government spending (government size). In contrast, revenue
decentralization has little influence on local government expenditures. We will show that the differences inthe effects of expenditure and revenue decentralization can be attributed to the distortionary effects
caused by the vertical fiscal imbalance.

More than data. How to support local self-government in providing public services in the digital era?
Dr. Marek Pieniazek1
1

Statistics Poland, Warszawa, Poland

G06-O6 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
341

Monitoring of public services is very important for maintaining their quality and availability. Data are usefulboth for local government, which provides services to residents as well as for entrepreneurs who makedecisions on the location of economic activity.
In the digital era access to key data and ability to process them and generate useful information is very
important.
Statistics Poland has developed the concept of a public services monitoring system with representatives ofthe Ministry of Administration and experts of local government associations .
The main purpose of the system is to collect data on the quantity, quality, availiability and cost of services
such as: property management, public transport and road construction, environmental protection andwaste disposal, construction, geodesy, administration, local social policy, education and culture.
The presentation will outline the concept of the system, its elements, the construction of indicators and thedeveloped methods of supporting territorial self-government in managing the delivery of public services.

Conservation planning and informal institutions: heterogeneous patterns in Italian cities
Ms Elisabetta Pietrostefani1
1

London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom

G06-YS1 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance (EPAINOS)
IUT_Room 101, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Conservation planning solves an economic coordination problem by internalizing negative externalities i.e.
loss of urban heritage. Non-compliance undermines these effects, but little is known how much harm it
actually does. This paper exploits the Italian context to examine these relationships, given that despite
stringent planning regulation, the conditions of the urban environment vary widely throughout the country,
including within protected areas. Using a novel dataset of property prices for 55 Italian cities and aboundary discontinuity design, the first step of this paper explores the variation in price premiums across
933 Landscape Areas and 236 Historic Centres. Comparing the differences in property prices along theboundaries of both Landscape Areas and Historic Centres, I find an average capitalisation effect of 7% and3.5% respectively. In line with model predictions, heterogeneous patterns in premiums are found acrossItalian cities, with distinct trends according to geographical location. Premiums are on average significantly
lower in regions with higher rates of abusivimo – illegal building and construction – suggesting the influenceof informal institutions. In the second step and by using an instrumental strategy to substantiate estimates,
results confirm that at least partially, illegal building and construction levels explain this heterogeneity.

A Bad Year? Climate Variability and the Wine Industry in Chile
Prof Eduardo Haddad1, Prof Patricio Aroca2, Prof Pilar Jano2, Mr Ademir Rocha1, Mr Bruno Pimenta1
1

University of São Paulo / NEREUS, São Paulo, Brazil, 2Adolfo Ibáñez University, Vina del Mar, Chile

G10-O2 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
It is a well-known fact that viticulture is inextricably related to climatic conditions. Climate is a factor that
influences both the suitability of a region to ripen a specific variety of grapes and the resulting wine style.
While longer term changes in climate have the potential to shifting patterns of agricultural land use in wine
grape-producing regions, also affecting wine quality, short-term climate conditions may affect crop yields
and vintage quality and, as a consequence, wine prices and vineyards’ earnings. In this paper, we use anabsorption matrix published by the Chilean Central Bank as the basis to calibrate a CGE model, together
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with a set of elasticities borrowed from the econometric literature applied for Chile. This database
represents the economy under study and allows capturing economy-wide effects through an intricate plotof input-output relations. The Chilean version of the ORANI-G model identifies 111 sectors and 179 goods
and services, one service used as margin (trade services), indirect, value added and production taxes, andfive user groups (producers, investors, household, foreign sector and government). The wine sector is fully
integrated in the model. We calibrate the shocks using information for the 2015-2016 harvest, which isconsidered to be associated with a bad year for the wine industry in Chile, since premature rains occurred inimportant wine regions, such as Colchagua, Maipo and Casablanca, reducing the area harvested, and also
leading to wines with less concentrated flavors, particularly for reds. We model the climate shock as atechnical change in the grape-producing sector (quantity effect). Moreover, we model quality effects as ashift in the foreign demand curve for Chilean wine. Given the specific economic environment in the modeland the proposed simulation, it is possible to note the reduction of Chilean real GDP by about 0.067%. By
decomposing this result, we verify that the quality effect has a slightly greater weight compared to thequantity effect.

The complex nature of regional knowledge production: Evidence on European metropolitan regions
Mr Nico Pintar1, Dr. Thomas Scherngell1
1Austrian Institute Of Technology (AIT), Vienna , Austria

G07-O4 Innovation and Regional Development,
UdL_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Knowledge creation is widely considered as the central driver for innovation, and accordingly, for creatingcompetitive advantage. However, most measurement approaches have so far mainly focused on thequantitative dimension of knowledge creation, neglecting that not all knowledge has the same value(Balland and Rigby, 2017). The notion of knowledge complexity has come into use in this context justrecently as an attempt to measure the quality of knowledge in terms of its uniqueness and its replicability.
Currently, there is a debate about the most appropriate approach to measure technological and (regional)
knowledge complexity (Broekel, 2017). Central underlying assumptions differ insofar as that in the first
approach the apparent combinatorial difficulty of knowledge pieces of a technology should proxy thecomplexity of technologies (Fleming and Sorenson, 2001). Another assumes that the structural complexityof combinatorial networks of technologies should signal technological complexity (Broekel, 2017) and athird compares the production of knowledge to (global) trade networks where suppliers that manage toexport sophisticated products are assumed to have certain technological capabilities and thus a complex
economy (Hidalgo and Hausmann, 2009; Balland and Rigby, 2017).
The focus of this study is on the comparison of these differing conceptual and empirical measurements ofknowledge complexity on the regional level of analysis, and on the spatial distribution of complex
knowledge created in Europe. We proxy the production of complex knowledge with a regional knowledge
complexity index (KCI) that is based on regional patent data which is adjusted with citations received bysubsequent patent applications. This is done because it is recognised that the use of raw patent counts asmeasures of innovative output can be problematic because patents’ value and importance vary extremely(see e.g. Trajtenberg, 1990). The dataset covers patent applications of inventors located in European
metropolitan regions from current EU and EFTA member countries in the most recent five-year period withreliable data (2005-2009). The initial results are promising as the regional KCI unveils knowledge creation
patterns not observed by conventional measures. Not only that complex knowledge is unevenly distributedin geographical space, the results show that regions specialising in complex knowledge are not necessarily
those with the highest overall patenting intensity.

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A multi-country approach to analyzing the Euro Area output gap
Prof. Dr. Florian Huber2, MSc. Michael Pfarrhofer2, Dr. Philipp Piribauer1
1Austrian Institute Of Economic Research (WIFO), Vienna, Austria, 2University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

S35-S1 Recent Advances in Spatial Econometrics and Big Data
MILC_Room 310, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Policy makers in the European Central Bank require precise measures and forecasts for aggregate output
and inflation to efficiently enact expansionary or restrictive policies for the euro area. Focusing on aggregate
measures, however, entails the risk of obscuring important country-specific dynamics, including wrongly
identifying country-specific shocks as threats to aggregate European inflation or output. In this paper wedevelop a multi-country business cycle model for the euro area (EA). The proposed model assumes thatcountry-specific business cycles are driven by a common latent factor and thus exploits cross-sectional
information in the data. Specifically, we develop a multivariate dynamic factor model that exploits euro area
country-specific information on output and inflation for estimating an area-wide measure of the output gap.
In the proposed multi-country framework we moreover allow for flexible stochastic volatility (SV)specifications for both the error variances and the innovations to the latent quantities in order to deal withpotential changes in the commonalities of business cycle movements. By tracing the relative importance ofthe common euro area output gap component as a means to explaining movements in both output andinflation over time, the paper provides valuable insights in the evolution of the degree of synchronicity of
the country-specific business cycles. In an out-of-sample forecasting exercise, the paper shows that the
proposed approach performs well as compared to other well-known benchmark specifications.

Core-periphery relations in international research collaboration
Dr. Adam Ploszaj1, Dr. hab. Agnieszka Olechnicka1, Dr. Dorota Celinska-Janowicz1
1

Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa, Poland

S17-S1 Geography of science and the spatial dimension of scientific activity
IUT_Room 201, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The paper investigates core-periphery relations in the network of international scientific collaboration andtheir implications for regional development processes and policies. We hypothesise that benefits fromcollaboration depend, ceteris paribus, on roles played by collaborators in the given collaboration. To
capture the impact of various roles, we compare mean citation of collaborative papers in which authors
from different countries perform a leading or a complementary role. The leading role can be attributed toscientists indicated as corresponding authors, while non-corresponding authors can be seen ascomplementary partners. Thus, we compare mean citations of internationally co-authored papers in whichscholars affiliated in particular countries are either corresponding authors (“corresponding author paper”)
or non-corresponding authors (“non-corresponding author paper”). The analysis is based on Web of Science
data covering the period 2000-2013. The results of the study suggest that core countries seem to benefit
most from international cooperation when they lead the research (i.e. when they play the role of acorresponding author), while peripheral countries benefit most from being led (i.e. when they play the roleof a non-corresponding author). This can suggest that increasing international collaboration in sciencestrengthens persistence of the spatial distribution of research excellence embedded in long-term historical
processes.
See extended abstract online.

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Alternative approaches to the disaggregation of the European Social Fund at the local level and theirconsequences for impact evaluation
Dr. Adam Ploszaj1
1

Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa, Poland

G24-O1 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Public investment in human capital is perceived as a tool that gives an opportunity to overcome
development barriers in lagging regions. Interventions of this type are very popular in many countries. In
the European Union, the European Social Fund is the main instrument for investment in human capital.
According to EU regulations, interventions financed from the European Social Fund funds are subject toextensive evaluation processes at different levels (single project, regional/national programmes, andEuropean comprehensive evaluation studies). Quite often, regions—or smaller spatial entities—are
considered as a unit of analysis, assuming that the comparison of spatial units that have been exposed todifferent levels of support can allow identification of the causal effect. Leaving aside a fundamental
discussion on the possibility of identifying the causal effect outside the experimental framework, in thisresearch, we argue that the conclusions of evaluation exercises significantly depend on the method
employed to measure the European Social Fund expenditure at the local level.
The empirical part of the paper is based on the analysis of the European Social Fund expenditure at the local
level (LAU1/LAU2) in Poland in 2007-2013. We compare three disaggregation methods: (1) the official
disaggregation used by the Polish government; (2) population-adjusted disaggregation; (3) and a novel andunique disaggregation based on high-resolution address data (postal codes) of 8.78 million participants ofprojects funded by the European Social Fund in Poland in 2007-2013. The official spatial disaggregation of
the European Social Fund in Poland is based on a simple principle of proportionality: voivodships haveproportional shares within the project (voivodship share = project divided by the number of provinces);poviats have proportional shares within their voivodship (share of the poviat = share of the voivodship
divided by the number of poviats within a given voivodship); municipalities have proportional shares within
their poviat (share of the commune = share of the poviat divided by the number of communes within agiven poviat). We argue that our method (3) provide the best estimation of the real spatial distribution of
expenditures, and the official method (1) is significantly biased. Moreover, we provide evidence that the
population-adjusted method (2) is a better approximation of real expenditures than the official method (1).
To assess the influence of disaggregation method on evaluation studies we compare regression models withindependent variables measured by the three discussed disaggregation methods.

Novelty and relatedness: a recombinant approach
Anne Plunket1, Felipe Starosta De Valdemar
1

Université Paris Sud, Sceaux, France

G07-R1 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Are some regions more likely to produce truly novel technological inventions? Following the recombinant
approach which considers novelty as new combinations of existing technologies, this paper investigates thegeography of novelty. The literature on regional diversity/variety has shown that the entry of newtechnologies are on average related to the regional knowledge portfolio, this paper proposes to provide
evidence on the link between diversity/variety and the entry of new combinations. These novel inventions
at the regional level may combine technologies that are related to their local technology portfolio, that is,regions innovate by combining familiar pieces of knowledge. However, novel inventions may also combine
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technologies that are more distant and locally unrelated with their knowledge base, and the issue is than tounderstand what are the conditions that enable regions to produce more novel and breakthroughinventions. We use OECD REGPAT EPO patent data to provide evidence on how French regions produce
novel technological inventions over the period 1990-2014. We identify, for each patent and each region, the
new subclass pairs that are combined and enter the region for the first time. Based on these French data,
we first investigate the extent to which regions innovate using rather close/distant pieces of knowledge andwhether they are related or unrelated to the local knowledge base. Second, we study the conditions
explaining the regions’ ability to produce novel technological inventions by combining unfamiliar andunrelated knowledge.

Why Nations Matter: On the Relative Unimportance of Agglomeration as a Driver of Long-term Economic
Growth.
Prof. Mario Polèse1
1

INRS, Uiniversity of Quebec, Montreal, Canada

G04-O6 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The paper revisits the role of agglomeration in long-term economic growth, taking a historical andinternational perspective. To date, the literature has failed to produce robust evidence for the existence ofdynamic agglomeration economies. Agglomeration (as measured by initial urbanization levels, city size orother indicators) is not a good predictor of subsequent income growth, whether for nations or cities. Our
own analysis for some 90 nations (for 1960-2005 and 1990-2015) equally fails to find a significant
relationship between initial levels of urban agglomeration and subsequent income growth.
How are we to reconcile this with the vast literature on agglomeration economies and knowledgespillovers? The evidence for agglomeration economies is irrefutable, their microeconomic foundations wellunderstood. However, as I shall argue, there are two basic reasons for the absence of a systematic positive
relationship between agglomeration and growth, elaborating on arguments in my forthcoming book, The
Wealth and Poverty of Cities: Why Nations Matter (Oxford University Press, 2019). New data and national
examples are also presented.
First, agglomeration economies are essentially static, their contribution to economic growth primarily
allocational. Their potential for bolstering per capita GDP) largely depends on a nation’s position in thedevelopment process, the grand era of urbanization (exodus from agriculture) now past in rich nations. The
shift to knowledge-rich industries may bolster the economic value of larger cities for growing industries, but
the reality of Gibrat’s Law means that city size remains an unsatisfactory predictor of growth. Certain urban
configurations may be more conducive to growth, but they are not fundamental drivers.
Second, the fundamental drivers of economic growth are social and political, forged at the national level,
what cultural anthropologists call “institutions”. Here, I differ with many urban theorists, notably Jane
Jacobs. In well-governed, educated, societies with functioning markets and the proper incentives (toinnovate “productively”), urban agglomerations will naturally spring forth as incomes rise, if only because ofEngel’s Law. Workers and entrepreneurs will naturally sort to locations where they are most productive. But
agglomeration will be of little succor where institutions fail. If the nation doesn’t work, nor will its cities.

From the territorial governance of commons to reconfiguration of management models. The “Chaines despuys – Faille de Limagne” case-study.
Dr. Etienne Polge1, Dr. Jean-Bernard Marsat1, Pr. Yves Michelin2
1

IRSTEA - UMR Territoires, Clermont-ferrand, France, 2Vetagrosup - UMR Territoires, Clermont-ferrand, Clermont-ferrand346

S20-S2 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
We are face to new form of governance of commons in tension between development and protection
emerging from the coexistence of management models. Nowadays a scale of management models ofcommons alongside the protected area management category of International Union for Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) can be identified from the most development-oriented model to themost protection-oriented model and from the most inclusive to the most exclusive model.
Some authorities and stakeholders coordinate themselves with as main objective economic valorization ofcommons in the limit of national legislation and eventually implementing protected area with sustainable
use of natural resources (category VI of UICN). Regional natural park (RNP) model aims to promote
protection of Landscape/Seascape (category V of UICN) and to involve municipalities and civil society in ahorizontal manner; nature protection depends on the concertation and remains sometimes uncertain.
National park (NP) model involves mainly one pubic administration of the park directly linked with national
government in a vertical manner and aims to preserve natural site from human activities. In France, legal
status of the NP and RNP became closer with the reform of NP in 2006 involving more the stakeholders andwith the evolution of RNP strengthening its charter.
In the local situations, these models may not sum up the representations and the logics of all actors. This
leads to innovate and invent specific territorial governance arrangements emerging from the coexistence ofmanagement models to make synergy between development and protection possible.
We will illustrate our communication through the analysis of the territorial governance arrangement of the“Chaines des Puys – Faille de Limagne” natural site – with different form of propriety and use - locatedwithin the Auvergne volcanos RNP and recently inscribed in UNESCO list of world heritage. Following otherworks on territorial governance and proximity dynamics (Polge et al., 2017, 2018), we will put forward thetension between the trend to verticalize the managment and the trend to strengthen the implication of
stakeholders and citizens in the management of natural site considered as commons. We will point out how
this last trend leads to the implementation of innovative territorial policies and to the emergence of new
management models.

What have we learnt on urban commons and economic experiments?
Dr. Adam Polko1, Dr Artur Ochojski1, Prof. Malgorzata Czornik1, Dr Piotr Gibas1
1

University of Economics in Katowice, Katowice, Poland

S20-S4 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
See extended abstract online.

The interaction between territorial capital and family businesses
Ms Csilla Polster1
1

Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary

G04-O4 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM

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The purpose of the present study is to examine the interaction between the territorial capital of a region
and the family businesses operating in that area.
Although family businesses have been released in Hungary for a long time, most of them have beenfounded around the change of regime, and the research related to the family businesses has been examined
intensively only in recent years.
To examine the relationship between territorial capital and family businesses, on one hand the study isbased on academic literature and also on previous studies. On the other hand, two case studies are
introduced according to the interviews with two family businesses.
As a result, the study introduces the social and cultural effects of territorial capital on family businesses andthe growing power of family businesses in terms of territorial capital. There is a strong interaction between
corporate regional engagement and embeddedness and territorial capital.

Regional Resilience of Russian Arctic Cities
Mr Andrey Polyachenko1
1

Lomonosov Moscow State University, , Russian Federation

G20-O1 Social Innovation for Resilient Regions
IUT_Room 203, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Regional resilience is a type of resilience related to the economy of regions and cities. Usually, it iscalculated for particular economic crises. After a consideration of different ways to estimate it, we decided
to use Ron Martin’s method as it does not require complex calculations and gives quantitative results.
In this work we calculate the regional resilience of major Russian Arctic cities to catastrophic economic crisis
caused by the USSR collapse. This region is especially vulnerable as it has low population density,
specialization on raw materials production and strongly depends on federal aid, this is why the strongest
recession here occurred in 1990s. Russian Arctic is unique because it has several relatively big cities above
the Arctic Circle (Murmansk, Norilsk). Moreover, the Arctic cities have a very different dynamics: some cities
managed to grow, while several others fell by four times.
The main idea of the research is to associate the regional resilience with several factors: size, capital status,
remoteness, quality and type of infrastructure, economic diversification, type of natural resources in basic
sector and phase of a resource cycle. All this factors are tested by correlative analysis. Several of them are“traditional” resilience factors like size, capital status and economic diversification, being crucial for denselypopulated areas. In contrast, other variables are added by us according to special characteristics of Arctic
territory (infrastructure, type of basic resource). This factors indicate Arctic special vulnerability. Then we
make a typology of the cities according to their resilience.
This study has several practical applications. Firstly, it helps to predict the vulnerability of some particular
cities, which is useful in turbulent Arctic region. Secondly, after more elaborated investigation some political
proposals for local and regional stakeholders can be made.
The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-05-60088 "Urban Arctic
resilience in the context of climate change and socio-economic transformations".

Regional Resilience and Discontent in the EU
Chiara Ferrante2, Dr. Marco Colagrossi1, Dr Nicola Pontarollo1
1JRC, European Commission, , Italy, 2Sapienza University of Rome, , Italy

G15-O2 Segregation, Social and Spatial Inequalities
IUT_Room 205, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
348

The effects of the Great Recession have been unevenly distributed across European regions. While some
promptly reacted to the shock, others were not able to restore their growth path. Such dynamics
contributed in generating feelings of discontent across Europe, particularly in those places that experienced
a stronger decline. This resentment toward institutions and traditional parties is now shaping a new political
geography, being the expression of people’s attitude in the territories.
In this article, we contribute to the understanding of the drivers behind the increasing support for populist
parties. We assess whether different degrees of economic resilience to the economic and financial crisis
played a role in shaping the voting behavior. To this end, we explore two dimensions of economic resilience.
We begin by considering the classical approach, which takes a dynamic perspective on few key variables
such as (un)employment and GDP per capita. We then move towards a more comprehensive framework,
following an evolutionary approach. This acknowledges that regions are characterized by an innercomplexity, where multiple actors such as firms, institutions, and workers interplay with each other andestablish relationships with the external world. To proxy these dimensions we examine, among others,
sectorial variety, network capacity and institutional quality. To carry out our analysis, we use a novel dataset
on voting behaviour at NUTS-2 level covering the whole EU-28 over the period 2000-2018. Through theunderstanding of the different reactions to the crisis, we clarify the determinants of populist support, anddeliver important insights to shape effective policy responses.

“Hometown and whanau, or big city and millennials?” Local amenities and higher-education-to-job
choices in New ZealandProf. Arthur Grimes2, Dr. David Maré2, Prof. Jacques Poot1,3, Mr Shaan Badenhorst2
1

University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand, 2Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, Wellington, New Zealand,
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

3

S41-S1 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
One of the main challenges facing non-metropolitan regions is the retention of highly-educated young
people. A loss of the brightest and best can to lead to reduced business creation, innovation, growth andcommunity wellbeing in such regions. In this paper we use rich longitudinal microdata from New Zealand’s
integrated administrative data infrastructure to analyse the geography of the destination choice of tertiary
graduates, conditional on prior school location. We address this question of post-student location choice inthe context of the approach of Chen and Rosenthal who defined statistics measuring ‘quality of life’ (QL)and ‘quality of business’ (QB) for urban areas. Specifically we test whether students – of different
characteristics (e.g. level and field of study, gender, age, ethnicity) – locate in places that are regarded as
good to live or good to do business. By incorporating prior school location we also test how the pull of“home” is magnified or diminished by a location’s QL or QB. The results are important for local decisionmakers who wish to attract and retain young qualified people to their area, and for decisions about thelocation of various types of tertiary educational institutions.

Restructuring Tax Policies: sectoral, household welfare and regional impacts in Brazil
Prof. Alexandre Porsse1
1

Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil349

G09-O3 Regional Finance, Fiscal Issues, Investment or Capital Markets
IUT_Room 304, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The Brazilian taxation system is very complex and fragmented among national e subnational governments,
being a source of allocative distortions and inefficiency. Federal government controls most of the tax
instruments while subnational governments (states and municipalities) have few tax instruments to be
managed. Also, there is a lack of vertical and even horizontal coordination among tax policies which cancompromise the effectiveness of changing tax structure. This paper aims to assess the sectoral and welfare
impact of changes in three tax instruments (VAT, labor and income taxes) which have been changed byfederal government over the last three decades. First, we use a tax function equation to identify the
behavior dynamic of changes in those tax instruments. Second, we introduce the tax reaction function into a
CGE model in order to simulate the effects of changing tax structure. The simulation exercises mimic thehistorical changes promoted by federal government in those tax instruments. Preliminary results suggestthat changes in those tax rates imply reduction in household welfare and heterogeneous effects on the
sectoral productive structure. Additionally, the spatial pattern of sectoral specialization and vertical linkages
among government are channels by which such policies have relevant regional impacts.

Relating experiences of mobility to transport poverty in peripheral rural areas: the case of Zeeland, theNetherlands.
Mr Felix Pot1, Prof. Taede Tillema1,2, Dr. Sierdjan Koster1
1

Department of Economic Geography, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, 2KiM
Netherlands Institute for Transport Policy Analysis, Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management., The Hague,
Netherlands

S07-S2 Transportation and Mobility in an Ageing Society. Perspectives, Trends and Drivers
IUT_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Driven by centralisation and urbanisation forces, the decline of population and services is a common
development pattern in many peripheral rural regions across Europe. While most rural households can copewith increasing distances to services as a result of facility-decline by enhancing automobility, some may be
at risk of experiencing transport poverty and decreasing accessibility to services. Complementary to
identification strategies for transport poverty based on social (e.g. being of senior age) and transport
disadvantages (e.g. have no car available), subjective appraisals including individual perceptions of transport
alternatives and of an individual’s own competences are theorised to be crucial in explaining the potential
to be mobile. The question arises which subjective factors play a role in the experience of transport poverty
in rural areas. This paper, therefore, aims for establishing the difficulties potential vulnerable groups
experience in accessing services in peripheral rural areas.
To evaluate travel experiences in rural peripheral areas two case study areas in the Dutch province of
Zeeland have been selected: Zeelandic Flanders and Schouwen-Duiveland. In the Dutch context, these areas
are considered to be very peripheral and are confronted with population and facility decline, an ageing
population structure and public transport marginalisation. By conducting focus group sessions with
commuters, seniors and high school students, travel experiences in population segments where transport
poverty is expected to occur have been evaluated.
The experience of transport poverty in Zeeland is mainly the result of public transport marginalisation andrelatively large distances resulting in temporal constraints to access services and participate in activities.
Therefore, on a conceptual level, geographical factors, relating to the spatial distribution of services, areargued to play a role in causing transport poverty in rural areas. Also, many ‘soft’ subjective factors such as
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quality of service in public transport, knowledge of the transport system, information supply, perceptions of
comfort and safety, social norms and previous experiences of these factors seem to contribute to theoverall individual assessment of accessibility and eventual lower participation in activities. Considering
subjective experiences of mobility may, therefore, be crucial in designing responsive policies to tackle social
issues as a result of transport poverty.

The Effects of Rent Control on the Parisian Rental Market : affordability or availability
Dr. Mathilde Poulhes1, Louis Malard
1

Insee-Crest, , France

S38-S1 Housing Markets: information, taxes, prices
IUT_Room 108, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In 2015, the municipality of Paris decided to implement a strict rent control. Before that date, rent control
was a national policy and consisted of regulated price increases only within the duration of a tenancy, butthere was no price restrictions between tenants. Since August 2015, changes in rent between tenants has
been limited. More precisely, the Parisian Rental Observatory is responsible to compute annual medianrents by square meter, by neighborhood, by number of rooms and by date of construction of the building.
New leases must not exceed the ceiling which is fixed at the median plus 20% by category (number ofrooms, neighborhood and date of construction). Some derogations may be granted in cases of « exceptional
properties »First, we assess if the rent control is enforced. We use a new survey conducted by the Parisian Rental
Observatory that samples each year from 2015 45,000 dwellings and collects information on rent, address,
surface, start date of lease. We compute the evolution of the share of properties that exceed the ceiling.
We find a decrease of this share after the implementation of the rent control but a very significant part ofrents remains above the ceiling : around 20% in late 2015 and 2016.
We develop a simple theoretical model that describes the tradeoff for a tenant between renting and sellingin function of the characteristics of the dwelling.
We test the predictions of the model on data. We combine the database on rents with the fiscal registerthat contains exhaustive information on the Parisian dwellings : number, occupational status, precise
location, etc.
We can predict up to 80% of the properties that exceed the ceiling due to particular characteristics of thedwelling. Finally, we are able to show some effects on the rental housing supply.

The Quality of Life in Greek Cities Reconsidered: From the urban indicator system DPRD-50 to the DPRD20
Dr. Eva Psatha1
1

University Of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

G06-O8 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance, IUT_Room 306, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

351

Distributive politics and the allocation of fiscal transfers to local government: empirical evidence from
GreeceProf. Yannis Psycharis1, Dr Maria Zoi1, Dr Stavroula Iliopoulou1, PhD Cand. Panayotis Pantazis1
1

Panteion University, Athens, Greece

S22-S1 The politics of local and regional development
IUT_Room 303, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Greece is empirically justified as amongst the less fiscally autonomous countries in which municipalities rely
heavily on fiscal transfers from the central government in order to cover their fixed or ordinary andexceptional financial needs. Especially with respect to the latter, which are non-formula related, Greek local
governments face the central government’s discretion on the levels of grants transferred to them annually.
In order to shed light on the ability of social, economic, geographical or politically-oriented incentives
behind the allocation of the alternative types of grants to municipalities in Greece, this paper analyzes
different sets of socio-economic, geographic and political-entrenchment variables and offers uniqueempirical results on the factors lying behind different types of grant allocations during the period 19992009. Our evidence demonstrates that different types of grants are driven from different factors; while
ordinary (based on predetermined criteria) grants respond to local government socio-economic andgeographical characteristics and needs, the more discretionary (unexpected and non-formula related)
extraordinary grants are mainly driven from political incentives and may be used by politicians, at both local
and national levels, as a tool towards gaining more votes or eliminating voting opposition groups. Apartfrom possible self-interest and the political power exertion effects behind grant transfers to local
governments, our evidence also demonstrates the need for reforms towards a more transparent way in the
allocation of extraordinary grants in Greece and the urge for reforms leading to a more justifiable way insetting such fiscal transfers.

The Seasonality of Entrepreneurship. An Exploration according to Industry, Ownership and Geography
Prof. dr Marcus Dejardin2, Dr. Korneliusz Pylak1, Dr. Nebojša Stojčić3
1

Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland, 2University of Namur and Université catholique de Louvain, Namur,
Belgium, 3University of Dubrovnik, ,S18-S1 Entrepreneurship and local development: symbiosis and/or dissonance?
UdL_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Successful Economic Diversification: Implications for Refining Smart Specialisation Strategies in Less
Developed Regions
Dr. Korneliusz Pylak1, Dr. Dieter F. Kogler2
1

Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland, 2University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

S25-S2 Historical Roots of Regional Performance
IUT_Room 415, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Related and unrelated diversification take ample space in scientific and political debates. Against the
backdrop of refining smart specialisations strategies, this paper identifies diversification patterns towards
the highest income growth in less developed areas in 1931–2000. It is argued that both related andunrelated (in longer-term) diversifications are fundamental for evolutionary growth of less developed352

regions, however, only the former process has been confirmed in the analyses. Both related variety ofindustries and expertise in 1931 also point to successful diversification. The implications for theories of
Evolutionary Economic Geography and regional policy actions in less developed regions are discussed.
See extended abstract online.

Lagging regions strike back – voting against establishment in Slovakia
Dr. Oliver Rafaj1, Dr. Štefan Rehák1, Dr. Tomáš Černěnko1
1

Universiy of Economics in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia

G04-O12 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In recent years, the rise of populism, extremism and the anti-establishment movements can be seen in
many parts of the developed world. These trends dominate mainly in lagging regions, places that have been
overlooked by the public authorities for a long time. People in these regions are lacking opportunities toreach the average standard of living in their countries. This contribution focuses on the rise of an antiestablishment movement in Slovakia. Using cross sectional data from parliament elections in 2016 we
explore role of local socioeconomic factors in the support of political party People’s Party - Our Slovakia.
This extreme right party was established in 2011 and it declares to build its mission on three core principles– national, Christian and social. Spatial analysis of the election results showed strong spatial concentrationof its support in regions of central Slovakia. Regression analysis showed that the party gained higher support
in regions with higher concentration of Catholics and a smaller share of the Hungarian minority. In addition,
the party received higher support in rural and less densely populated regions with higher unemployment
rate. Neither higher intensity of EU funding nor state investment aid had any significant effect on thepolitical support for this party. We discuss the political consequences of our results.

An innovative strategic tool "The Goals Grid": breaking the classic methods in businesses?
Ms Konstantina Ragazou1
1

University Of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

G21-O1 Innovation and Entrepreneurship
UdL_Room 106, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The importance of strategic planning for companies is particularly important as it helps to define theirvision, mission and goals. Its implementation's success is inextricably linked to the choice of the mostappropriate strategic tool (Ansoff:1965;Mintzberg, 1993:107; Andersen, 2000:185-186).
In the international literature is reported a variety of tools, which are widely used for the proper decision
making from the executives in order to deal with strategic corporate strategic issues. Given that thebusiness environment is constantly changing and the existing strategic tools often provide general formulasolutions, there is an urgent need to create a new one (Mintzberg,1994).
The tool "The Goals Grid" (Nickols,2011;Nickols2015) is an alternative method of implementing strategicplanning. Its versatility, its ability to guide the executives and its graspable structure, can make it the mostsuitable choice for business to design an integrated strategic plan. It is about a 2x2 grid which is divided into
four quadrants. Each of them represents a different thematic target category (Achieve, Preserve, Avoid,
Eliminate) and is complemented by executives.

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The subject of this research is the systematic presentation of the innovative strategic tool "The Goals Grid",
as the existing literature is very limited. The purpose of the presentation is to highlight it or not, as analternative option to businesses which is may be capable of replacing the classic methods.
In this context, is presented an extended comparative analysis of the tool with the Swot Analysis, which isdistinguished by its multi-annual experience in the field of strategic planning, by analyzing the company's
external and internal environment. In contrast, although “The Goals Grid” tool has a short track record inboth the scientific and business community, it is characterized by simplicity and usability and it is conformed
to the new trends of the market which arose especially due to the economic crisis. In particular, thecontribution of its specially formed grid guides managers in the right decision making.

Policy evaluation on Occupational Safety and Health: methodological approaches and critical issues
Dr. Chiara Colagiacomo2, Dr. Elena Ragazzi1, Dr. Lisa Sella1, Dr. Stefano Signorini2
1

CNR-Ircres, Moncalieri, Italy, 2INAIL, Roma, Italy

S51-S1 Counterfactual methods for regional policy evaluation: Policies for firms
IUT_Room 304, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The European Agency for Health and Safety at Work (2013) underlines that the development andimplementation of OSH interventions, including policies, programs and their effects, are not evaluated bymeans of rigorous and scientific evidence-based research, denoting a general lack of quality in OSH
intervention.
In this panorama, the Italian case is particularly interesting. In 2008, a system of economic incentives has
been introduced (d.lgs. 81/2008, art. 11), which assigns to various public entities the provision of grants
addressed to small, medium and micro enterprises (SMEs) that realize investment projects in the field ofhealth and safety at work. The most important intervention, in terms of both the number of beneficiaries
and the provided amounts, has been realized by Inail. Since 2010, Inail has financed OSH projects for about
2 billion euros, which go under the name of "ISI calls".
Up to now, the evaluation analyses performed by Inail on the ISI calls mainly concerned implementation
processes and performance monitoring, reporting, and accounting. Recently, the need for an ex-post
evaluation of the effects emerged, in order to improve the policy effectiveness. Therefore, Inail intends toplan a research aimed at identifying the appropriate models to assess the impact of the incentives and tohighlight their strengths and criticalities as an economic support to SMEs.
This paper overviewes the main theoretical and methodological aspects in the counterfactual evaluation of
OSH policies. This overview is fundamental because the topic is not sufficiently addressed by both national
and international literature, while studies on this topic are not so widespread. In particular, we reflect on:
the possible evaluation questions that emerge when studying the impacts of OSH policies and theirimplications; the most appropriate evaluation designs that could answer the evaluation questions; and theconsequent methodological issues (e.g., internal and external validity, feasibility of an evaluation based on
administrative data, etc.).

Logistics development and postindustrial urbanization: the emergence of new blue-collar places in urban
regions
Dr. Nicolas Raimbault1
1

University of Nantes, Nantes Cedex 3, France

S57-S1 Freight mobility and urban forms
IUT_Room 108, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
354

In current post-industrial metropolises, the logistics industry is one of the few sectors experiencing bluecollar jobs growth, concerning both warehousing and deliveries (Bonacich & Wilson, 2008). Moreover, in thecontext of the fall of manufacturing jobs, logistics blue-collar workers are now dominant within the bluecollar social group in urban regions.
Against this background, the goal of this presentation is to explore the territorial consequences of this
sectorial shift within working classes in the case of the Greater Paris Region. Does it lead to the emergenceof new blue-collar workplaces and residential places with different urban, socio-economic characteristics
compared to the industrial era? Our main hypothesis is that the territorial rupture consists mostly in theemergence of new workplaces for blue-collar workers while residential places remain quite stable. These
new workplaces strongly differ from historical industrial ones: on the one hand, warehouses are further andfurther away in outer suburbia and often ignored by trade unions and leftwing parties and, on the other
hand, delivery drivers are working in city-centers, where they are almost invisible. This changing landscapeof blue-collar places certainly contributes to the growing political invisibly of blue-collar workers.
The demonstration will be based most of all on spatial analysis of employment data localized at workplaces
and residential places. The results will also be crossed with qualitative research about the working
conditions in warehouses (Gaborieau, 2016) and about the governance of logistics territories (Raimbault,2014). This way, some research perspectives about the current place of blue-collar workers in postindustrial
global cities will be presented.

Farmers delivering in local short food supply chains: mobility practices, territories, and proximities. A casestudy in Hauts-de-France (France).
Dr. Céline Raimbert1, Dr. Gwenaëlle Raton1
1

IFSTTAR/AME/SPLOTT, Marne-la-Vallée, France

S21-S2 Circularities and proximities : stakeholders, scales, ressources
UdL_Room 106, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
With the rise of local short food chains (SFSC) and in a context of reconnection between agriculture andfood, more and more producers are becoming physical actors of food supply chains. By reducing thenumber of intermediaries, more and more commercial and logistical tasks fall to producers. They involve
developing more or less close relationships with a potential or established clientele (canvassing,communicating, ensuring follow-up in demand areas), but also, very often, delivering. As soon as the issue isno longer about observing the catchment area of a store but the mobility practices of actors from theproductive space towards consumption basins, it modifies the focus of the geographer. This implies
questioning producers' representations of spaces and territorial resources and the processes at work intheir preferences to certain delivered spaces. What does the mobility of producers in SFSC say about theirlinks built/under construction with the various spaces adjacent to farms (urban, multi-polarized areas, periurban, rural)? From the point of view of these mobility practices, what are the emerging territories?
This communication aims at analyzing the mobility practices of producers of SFSC from their farm to theirdelivered outlets and the territories they build then. Thanks to a case study based on 6 farmers in Nord
(France), we qualify their mobility territories in light of influence processes and representation of territorial
resources: first, the influence of urban areas, as consumption basins and then, the influence of production
basins considered as places of agricultural production concentration with attractive or repulsive potential.
The detailed analysis of spatial practices, depending of the delivery frequencies for instance, also highlights
mechanisms of suffered or chosen proximities.
In the results, we compare the mobility territory of the six investigated producers and try to highlight someoccurrences such as: (1) producers whose farms are located in or near dense urban areas draw
concentrated territories where distances are short. Considered as sufficient and adequate, local territorial
resources are used and valued; (2) when farms are located in marginal areas, producers tend to adopt
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radical strategy as extroversion; (3) diversification strategies are also observed, they tend to increase thesize of the mobility territory; (4) combination strategies existed, where local resources are valued, theyshow a particular attachment to the place of origin (farm) coupled with a desire for diversification towards
other environments
See extended abstract online.

Local Fiscal Interaction: Evidence from Flanders
Mr Sander Ramboer1, Dr. Lorenz Fischer2
1

KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 2JKU Linz, Linz, Austria

G06-YS1 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance (EPAINOS)
IUT_Room 101, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Regional policies for European level promotion
Dr. Liviu Stefan Rancioaga2
1

Bucharest-Ilfov Regional Development Agency, Bucharest, Romania, 2National University of Political Studies and Public
Administration, Bucharest, Romania

G04-O13 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Member States and their regions see, among other things, the EU as an important source of funding for
economic and socio-cultural development projects. The interest for European funding is linked to theavailability and accessibility of national / regional funds.
No matter the experience of regional institutions in running projects, there are voices who say European
funds are harder to access because of bureaucracy. But some regions, and even cities, consider theimportance of being connected as closely as possible with the European institutions and have sustainable
external promotion policies. Most of them have permanent offices in Brussels. But other regions don’t have.
I am trying to identify in this study the countries with most and least NUTS 2 regions represented at
European level, focusing on regions that include the Capital City of the respective state.
Research assumptions: regions with significant national financial allocations are less interested in attracting
European funds and ensuring greater visibility at European level; internal cohesion among regional policy
actors determines the existence of a functional strategy for European presence and the use of instruments
available for the region; a region that is performing well within its own country is not automatically
performing at European level as well. Regional policy pursues EU-wide cohesion, but regions play the mostimportant role in promoting and developing. Special attention will be paid to the Bucharest-Ilfov region,
given that it is a capital region with a wide range of particularities compared to the other regions of thecountry.
The methodology consists in the comparative analysis of the cohesion programmes, data bases andlegislation analysis.

Geography as a determinant of FDI in the tourism and transport sector: Τhe case of Greece
Mr Evangelos Rasvanis1, Dr Vassilis Tselios1
1

University Of Thessaly, Volos, Greece356

G12-O2 Location of Economic Activity
MILC_Room 310, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
FDIs constitute one of the main outlets for economic and social welfare of Greece as well as one of the main
solutions in facing the financial and social problems created by the prolonged economic and financial crisis,in the post-memorandum era. The effects of FDIs differ by the socioeconomic and geographicalcharacteristics of the regions where FDIs are located. But, what drives FDIs to some cities and regions andnot to others? According to Dunning’s eclectic paradigm, location advantages play an important role infirms’ decision to internationalise, referring not only to the natural and geographical endowments of thehost country, but also to the quality of institutions, infrastructures and human resources. A key location
advantage of Greece to attract FDIs is its natural endowments. These geographical characteristics, which are
known as ‘first nature’ of geography, may give Greece a comparative advantage over other European
countries, especially in the attractiveness of FDIs in the tourism and transport sector.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of the ‘first nature' of geography factors in the location of
tourism- and transport-FDIs in Greece and to compare these factors with the 'second nature' of geography
factors – which refer to the proximity between economic agents – after controlling for some regional andnational characteristics, such as the quality of institutions and public infrastructures. This paper also
explores the differences in these location factors between and within the tourism- and the transport-sector.
Using data based on a questionnaire survey which has been sent to the main domestic and subsidiaries ofmultinational firms in Greece, this paper finds that the ‘first nature’ of geography factors, which are more
important than the ‘second nature’ of geography factors, matter for the location of both tourism- andtransport-FDIs. However, they are more important for tourism-FDIs than for transport-FDIs. The importanceof each geographical factor differs by sector: climate, cultural resources, morphology, location’s naturalenvironment and access to sea are more important in attracting tourism investments than investments inthe other sectors, while access to sea is more important for the transport sector than for the other sectors.
Finally, there is no evidence that there are differences in the ‘first-nature’ of geography factors within the
tourism sector (i.e. domestic investments vs FDIs), while there is some evidence that a country’s
geographical position is more important for transport-FDIs than for domestic investments in the same
sector.

When spatial econometrics meets network analysis : an application to the european cities' network
Dr. Camille Regnier1, Prof Catherine Baumont2
1

CESAER Agrosup Dijon, Dijon, France, 2Ledi Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France

G11-O1 Spatial Econometrics
MILC_Room 309, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In this study, we estimate the role of cities’ connectivity in their economic performance (i.e. their economic
growth). To do so, we contruct a network of european cities trough the location of multinational firms’
offices in these cities. The objective of this study is twofold : firsly we contribute to the literature on the roleof cities’ place in a global network on their economic performance. A whole body of literature hasdeveloped aroud the idea that connectivity is a necessary element to economic growth but there is a lack ofproper empirical studies. Secondly, we pursue a methodological goal by linking spatial econometrics andnetwork analysis : we construct a W matrix based on economic relation, and we derive several index ofconnectivity. Specifically, we derive Bonacich centrality index and we show that this measure of connectivity
is directly linked to spatial econometrics. We demonstrate that the Bonacich centrality plays a significant
role in cities economic performance, a more important role than other measures of centrality such as
degree or closeness centrality. We thus demonstrate that the position held by cities in the world cities357

network is important for explaining their economic growth, especially when we take into account not only
network topology but also the prevailing spillover effect strength inside the network.

Higher Education Institutions: What Does It Mean to Be Central or Peripheral?
Prof. Maria Rego1, Prof. Ana Paula Bastos2, Prof. Mauricio Aguiar Serra3, PhD Orlanda Tavares4
1

Economic Department & CEFAGE-U.É., Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal, 2Departamento de Gestão de Politicas
Públicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil, 3Instituto de Economia, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brasil, 4CIPES & A3ES, ,Portugal

G07-O1 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
There is a consensus among planners and researchers that Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are
fundamental to the establishment of contemporary societies. Together with the exercise of its traditional
teaching and research functions it is the recent focus on their territorial embeddness that makes visible its
contribution. Higher education’s relevance for the society, its proactive engagement with the community
and its impact on the surrounding region are relatively recent concerns; the connection of HEIs with thecommunities and countries in which they are located, but also, in network, with other HEIs, became ademand due to the complexity and the challenges of our days.
Universities play a central role in space; do not exist in every human agglomeration and polarised users
from a wider distance. Irrespective of its own history or path dependency, universities may decide to becompletely conventional, carrying out its traditional teaching and research missions, in a converging path toexcellence of the centre of the system or enrol in a divergent path, they can be unorthodox; playing anactive role in regional development policies. Surely, the second option demands a stronger interaction withother regional actors and society as a whole. By large, the expansion of the Higher Education system aroundthe world is based on the strategy implemented by developed economies that sought to promote anincrease in both the number of universities and placement of students not always related with regional
demands and needs.
This paper aims at analysing the different strategies and practices adopted by four universities that play anactive role in its regions, placed in distinct contexts: Portuguese universities of Évora (in the interior south ofthe country) and Porto (in the north coast of the country) and two Brazilian universities - Brasília andCampinas -, located in macro-regions that differ in social and economic terms. In fact, regarding current
challenges, can we talk about a “universal” model of HEI (one size fits all) or we faced a diversity of models
influenced by the characteristics of the regions where they are located (place-based)? We have significant
differences if we analyse a central or peripheral HEI? The theoretical framework of this paper is, beyond theparadigm Centre-periphery and the literature about HEIs territorial engagement (e.g., quadruple helix,
regional innovation systems, learning regions); It explores also science paradigms and its diffusion in
peripheral regions.

National or regional recruitment: market area of the Portuguese Universities.
Prof. Cassio Rolim1, Prof. Conceição Rego2, Prof. Andreia Dionísio3
1

Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil, 2Economics Department & CEFAGE-U.É, Universidade de Évora, Évora,Portugal, 3Management Department & CEFAGE-U.É, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal

S16-S1 Students, University and the City: Location Choice and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM

358

Depopulation of eastern Portugal and concentration in the coast has been a longstanding process. The
oldest Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), Coimbra, Lisbon and Porto, are also at the seashore or near it.
Since 1973 new HEIs has been disseminated around the country and nowadays every Portuguese region
holds a set of HEIs. However, those closer to the coast tend to have a higher demand than those moredistant. It is not clear if each one has a kind of restricted market area such a spatial monopoly in its
neighbouring area or if there is national recruitment for some of them.
This paper is an exercise of determination of these areas for the Portuguese public network of HEIs.
We use a database from the Ministry of Education (DGEEC-Ministry of
Education) with information of the pair, place of residence (municipality level) and respective HEI, forenrolled students. Through techniques of Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) we will look for clustersof municipalities that could be market areas for each HEIs considered. Beyond this, a logit model will test
some hypotheses present in the literature regarding the student’s choice of an HEIs.
This article aims to analyse these issues and indicate some critical points to be taken into consideration bydecision-makers.

Spatial disparities in population growth across rural areas in Portugal between 1991 and 2011
Prof. Maria Rego1, Prof Patrícia Melo2, Prof. José Muñoz-Rojas3
1

Department of Economics and CEFAGE-U.É., Universidade de Évora, Portugal , Évora, Portugal, 2ISEG – School of
Economics and Management, Universidade de Lisboa and REM/UECE – Research Unit on Complexity and Economics,
Lisbon, Portugal, 3DYNAMO Research Team, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de
Évora, Évora, Portugal

G23-O3 Rural Issue
MILC_Room 410, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This study provides evidence on spatio-temporal patterns of socio-economic performance across rural small
areas (freguesias) in Portugal between 1991 and 2011, and investigates the factors underlying thedifferences in relative performance occurred during that period. The study creates a new unique socioeconomic dataset using small-scale geographies (freguesias), while the majority of previous studies focusing
on Portugal use large aggregate spatial units at the level of NUTS2 or NUTS3, and to smaller extent LAU1
(i.e. municipalities). The first part of the study provides a spatial analysis of change in key indicators of ruralsocio-economic outcomes, and shows there is considerable heterogeneity in performance, particularly
between accessible and remote rural areas. Accessible rural areas tend to have better performancecompared to more remote areas. A number of factors help explain these disparities, including differences in
economic structure, demographic composition and human capital, availability of services of general interest
and other consumption amenities, and accessibility to the urban hierarchy. The second part of the study
tests the relative influence of these potential explanatory factors by developing econometric regression
models for rural population and employment growth. In addition, the regression analysis investigates thenature of the spillover effects between urban and rural regions in Portugal. We measure the effect ofproximity to main urban centres as a driver of rural population and employment growth, or decline, after
controlling for the other explanatory factors. Our empirical approach follows that of Veneri and Ruiz (2013)
for a cross section of small regions from 14 OECD countries, and accounts for economic structure and socioeconomic factors, besides proximity to urban centres, on rural growth. The results suggest that proximity tourban areas has a positive impact on the growth of nearby rural areas, while the effect for more remoterural areas tends to be mixed. The importance of the spillover effect also differs according to the size ofurban areas.

359

Privatization, Demographic Growth and Perceived Sustainability: Lessons from the Israeli Renewing
Kibbutzim
Ayelet Reitan, Dr. Ofir Rubin1, Dr. Aviad Rubin, Prof. Ayal Kimhi
1

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-sheva, Israel

G15-O1 Segregation, Social and Spatial Inequalities
IUT_Room 205, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Organizational and demographic changes in the Israeli kibbutzim have been the subject of extensive
research, especially after their economic collapse in the 1980s. In some cases, the changes that kibbutzim
adopted entailed an extreme shift from their basic ideology of communal way of life. Consequently, in 2005
the State of Israel established a new classification -- Renewing Kibbutzim. This study examines therelationship between the organizational changes such as privatization and the various forms of demographic
growth that were introduced under the new classification and their impact on the perceived sustainability inthese communities. We sampled 19 kibbutzim to represent the variety of organizational models and typesof demographic growth in the southern and northern peripheries of Israel. Within each kibbutz, we
collected data via interviews with community managers and questionnaires among community members.
We analyzed the data using before and after comparisons to assess the impact of the changes implemented
in these kibbutzim. We found an inverse relationship between the degree of privatization and themultiplicity of membership statuses in the community on one hand and an increase in the indices ofperceived sustainability on the other. Our results suggest that the changes adopted by the kibbutzim did notprovide the sustainability these communities had hoped for. Our findings may provide lessons for wider
sociological questions concerning processes of privatization and stratification.

Inter-regional patient mobility and the accessibility of public healthcare - Does distance go far enough?
Ms Anna-Theresa Renner1, Dr. Dieter Pennerstorfer2
1

Vienna University Of Economics And Business, Vienna, Austria, 2Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria

S06-S2 Changes in health care provision, spatial mobility and access to care
IUT_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In health economic and policy research the spatial dimension of demand and supply is often ignored or
insufficiently regarded. This paper aims to add to the methodological development in this field by linking
research methods from health economics with regional science and geography. We investigate theavailability and spatial accessibility of public outpatient healthcare services and want to gain insight into
how we would expect patients to reallocate if the regional level of service provision changes.
Methodologically, we argue that the usually employed model for explaining spatial interactions, the gravity
model, is not suitable for explaining variations in patient flows and propose a measure that incorporates
spatial accessibility and availability of physician services: Two-Step Floating Catchment Areas (2SFCA). The
advantage of the proposed methodology is that (1) it takes into account the precise location of physicians
and the distribution of potential patients within a district, which is especially relevant for regions with anuneven population and/or physician distribution, where the regional physician density can be a misleading
measure of accessibility, (2) it can predict the redistribution of patients in case of a change in supply without
posing any assumptions about causality, under/overutilization or changes in the magnitude of utilization, (3)it does not require patient level data and (4) it can be applied to other fields of regional economics where
spatial flows of agents are a relevant parameter (e.g. work migration versus commuting, consumer flows
and commercial centre development). We show that 2SFCA considerably increase the explanatory power ofa gravity model for patient flows. The results are robust to changes of the specification of the distancedecay function.
360

University on the move: the practices and politics of mobility on a suburban campus
Prof. Patrick Rérat1, Prof. Boris Wernli2, Dr. Emmanuel Ravalet1
1

University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2FORS, Lausanne, Switzerland

S16-S2 Students, University and the City: Location Choice and Mobility Behaviour, IUT_Room 103, August 29,
2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Universities generate important flows of mobility on a daily basis by attracting thousands of students andemployees. The regulation and management of mobility represents a crucial issue for them in order tomaintain and develop their attractiveness. The sustainability agenda is also urging universities to takemeasures in order to reduce their ecological footprint which relies heavily on mobility.
This paper is based on the case study of the University of Lausanne (Switzerland). This higher education
institution counts 18,000 students and members of staff in 2017 and has been experiencing a steady growth(12,000 in 2005). The university was relocated from the city centre to the suburbs in the 1970s. The aim of
the paper is to address both the mobility “demand” and “offer” over the long term in the case of the
University of Lausanne.
The demand is addressed through an on-line survey that has been sent each year since 2005 to all students
and employees. This source makes it possible to measure the modal split (cars, two-wheelers, public
transport, bicycle, foot, etc.) and its evolution both in absolute and relative numbers. An additional analyses
looks at the selectiveness of modal choice among the university community (logisitic regression) according
to variables such as gender, age, status or faculty.
The second part of the paper focuses on the measures that have been taken to meet and to regulate thismobility demand (politics of mobility). It is based on the analysis of various kinds of documents publishedsince the first discussions on creating a campus in a suburban location in the 1960s. These documents are asdiverse as planning documents of the university as well as the surrounding municipalities, timetables ofpublic transportation, regulation of car parking spaces, etc. They make is possible to establish a spatial
diagnosis of the campus (urbanization, infrastructures, measures, etc.). This analysis shows four ways toaddress mobility issues or what we call four “figures” of the campus: the linked campus, the managed
campus, the integrated campus and the connected campus.
On the whole the paper brings elements to the debate on how to regulate mobility in suburban campuses
which are numerous across the world.

What facilitates connections between regions? An empirical analysis based on Italy-Germany networks.
Prof. Laura Resmini1, Dr. Luca Bettarelli1
1

Università di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy

G04-O8 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Recent theoretical and empirical works have demonstrated that regions’ connectivity positively impacts onregional economic performance (Boshma, 2005; Frenken et al, 2007; Asheim et al., 2012; Bathelt et al., 2014
Bettarelli and Resmini, forthcoming). In fact, networks produce a number of positive externalities thateither complement or strengthen the set of assets available at the local level (Capello, 2009; Ascani et al.,forthcoming). However, if the above works have mainly concentrated on benefits accruing to wellconnected locations in terms of economic performance (productivity, employment, etc.), in this paper weinvestigate the elements facilitating economic relationships between regions. In so doing, we consider all
the possible interactions between Italian and German NUTS-2 regions, thus giving shape to a matrix361

including 798 possible combinations. We make use of data at firm level and direct ownership ties between
firms in order to quantify the intensity of interactions. We estimate a gravitational model where theintensity of interactions is function of regional characteristics and a vector of proximity indices, whichmeasure the distance between pairs of regions in a number of domains. Beyond spatial proximity, we
account for technological proximity, production structure proximity, cultural proximity and institutional
proximity in order to understand how those indices affect inter-regions connections and how they mutuallyaffect each other. In fact, if spatial proximity has been traditionally identified as the main factor either
hampering or facilitating economic interactions, other types of proximity may extensively contribute toforge such interactions. Our findings suggest that: i) the importance of the spatial distance drasticallydecreases when we introduce the other proximity indicators; ii) the main determinant of economic
interactions is the technological proximity; iii) the intensity of interactions is affected by the overall
economic performance of regions, with German regions that tend to not interact with low-performance
Italian regions, but not viceversa. Finally, we account for a potential reverse causality between technologicalproximity and intensity of interactions by making use of the instrumental variable strategy.

The sources of innovation: global networks versus local specialization
Dr. Andrea Ascani2, Dr. Luca Bettarelli1, Prof. Laura Resmini1, Prof. Pierre-Alexandre Balland2
1

Università di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy, 2Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

G07-O4 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
A large consensus exists nowadays on the idea that successful innovative processes are geographicallybounded within regions (Storper, 1997; Cooke et al., 1998; Balland and Rigby, 2017), where persistent anddense interactions between co-located organisations stimulate economic specialization, learning and thedevelopment of new competences (Boschma and Frenken, 2007). Nevertheless, the ability of regions tocapture, understand, absorb and re-use external knowledge is also regarded as a fundamental element tosustain and refine the local profile of specialisation and competitiveness (Bathelt et al., 2004). In fact, translocal networks can provide specific regions with diverse and related information sources and opportunities
to develop novel trajectories of specialisation by combining internal and external knowledge resources(Owen-Smith and Powell, 2004; Boschma and Iammarino, 2009). Therefore, these extra-regional linkages
are believed to play a crucial role in upgrading local competences, contributing to avoiding industrial andtechnological stagnation and lock-in, that may result from a rigidly inward-looking regional system of local
interactions. The present article combines the insight of these streams of work by assessing and comparing
the roles of regional external networks and internal specialisation in fostering local innovation. To this aim,
we make use of data on Italian regions over the period 2007-2012 and we define regional external networks
based on all the foreign subsidiaries of local multinational enterprises identifiable as global ultimate owners.
Furthermore, we measure local innovation with patents in a variety of technological classes. Our main
results suggest that both the internal specialisation and the outward networks of Italian regional economies
can generate indigenous innovation, but the role of the network varies substantially according to its internal
specialisation, its geographical spread and the specific location of the foreign subsidiaries. Our results, then,support a view of the regional innovation as an interactive process whereby valuable knowledge resources
are not only generated within the reach of the local economy, but they are also integrated with external
inputs. Therefore, one fundamental policy implications is that regional openness and the support of theinternationalisation of local companies by means of outward foreign investment can be a catalyst ofregional success. This contrasts with recent anti-globalisation views according to which the increase in theforeign operations of national companies impoverishes the local economy.

362

When ridesharing does not benefit all commuters: a case study for assessing the impact of vehicle
occupancy on congestion
Dr. David Rey1, Dr Julien Monteil3, Dr Jean-Luc Ygnace2, Dr Hanna Grzybowska1, Mr D. Clifford Widjaja1
1School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2Laboratoire Ingenierie Circulation
Transports, IFSTTAR, Bron, France, 3IBM Research, Ireland Lab, Dublin, Ireland

S31-S1 Carpooling for daily trips
IUT_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Abstract
Ridesharing services have become increasingly ubiquitous and cities need tools to better understand what
impacts they may have on traffic. With the paradigm shift from traditional car ownership to shared vehicle
usage, consumers now have the option of point-to-point transportation at reduced costs. The
implementation of these services provides multitudinous benefits to consumers by way of convenience andtimeliness. Improved urban mobility can be attained through more efficient vehicle usage and better road
network utilisation. Ridesharing has the potential of improving traffic conditions by increasing car
occupancy and reducing the total number of vehicles on the road. With the shift towards a sharing
economy, this emerging mode is a promising alternative to improve traffic conditions. Yet, current models
do not quantitatively address the impact of ridesharing on congestion and travel time. This study analyses
and evaluates both of these aspects through simulations that emulate traffic conditions in a freeway
environment. A range of scenarios based on different levels of ridesharing has been considered and thebenefits have been evaluated. The simulation framework has been applied to a model of Sydney’s M4
freeway. The outcomes of this study highlight that most segments of a freeway road network are expected
to benefit from ridesharing. Specifically, the introduction of ridesharing provides an improvement to
network performance through increased speeds, reduced delay times and reduced average travel time in
the freeway environment. However, it also reveals that congestion can propagate forward, resulting in an
increase of travel time for specific origin-destination pairs. The results suggest that the adoption rates ofridesharing will have a direct impact on traffic conditions and further study is required to incorporate thelogistics of ridesharing vehicles.

The relation between supply of road infrastructure and employment: an empirical evidence for Brazil
Dr. Joaquim Israel Ribas Pereira1, Dr. Maurício Vaz Lobo Bittencourt2, Dr. Alexandre Alves Porsse3
1

PPGDE, Curitiba, Brazil, 2PPGDE, Curitiba, Brazil, 3PPGDE, Curitiba, Brazil

G24-O4 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The purpose of this essay is to present evidence regarding the relationship between road infrastructure andemployment in Brazil. According to different theoretical approaches, the accumulation of infrastructure
takes on different roles which, in summary, may have an impact on the increase in productivity in
manufacturing, on the well-being of individuals or as a factor which induces the clustering of economic
activity. The data used in this research are at the municipal level pertaining to the State of Parana, inSouthern Brazil, and derived from the demographic censuses from 1970 and 2010. The selection of theaforementioned state along with the data is justified by the economic formation which is intrinsicallyrelated to road construction. In order to address the purpose of this paper, the empirical analysis was basedon Duranton and Turner Model (2012), which, through a model of simultaneous equations, assumes a
relationship between the initial supply of roads and a long-term effect on employment. The extension of theroad network was calculated by employing georeferencing techniques, which allowed to determine thetotal number of kilometers per municipality. Simultaneity issues between variables were addressed by the363use of two Instrumental Variables (IV) based on the origins of the initial stock of roads, namely the 1901
map of roads and paths, and the paths used by the tropeirismo (cattleman) in the 19th century - the RoyalViamão Corridor. The estimates obtained through the Limited Information Maximum Likelihood (LIML)
reveals that a 10% change in the initial stock of roads lead to an 8% increase in employment over 40 years,
suggesting a high level of importance of the road system for the local economy in the long run.

Operating within the "Grey Space" new models for university civic engagement and the challenges ofmaking a difference
Ms Rebecca Riley1
1

University Of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

G22-O1 Institutions
IUT_Room 303, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This study looks at the emergence of new models of university civic engagement institutes and the hybrid
roles which are being established to generate research impact in the UK. These roles sit in a 'grey space', thearea which exists between the academic and the professional services, which by nature have mixed
characteristics of both roles and leverage impact through these characteristics. The new government policy
focus on impact is driving an agenda in UK universities around collaboration with local institutions, this work
looks at whether the policy is working, what models are emerging and how universities are rising to thechallenge. We will review the current policy context and drivers of the Research Excellence Framework,
impact case studies and changing nature of UK research funding and how this is shaping activity in the social
sciences and place based impact through collaboration with local public sector institutions. This review isgrounded in the context of the role of anchor institutions and emerging civic engagement approaches. We
will present a comparative assessment, where hybrid roles which span both the research delivery and theprofessional engagement and business management have been established. The comparative analysis will
focus on the characteristics of these roles. We draw out the opportunities created for wider society,engagement with the local geography of the university, the theory of change and impact generated,business models employed and the roles and functions in the institutions. We will assess alternative models
and develop a framework for measuring and evaluating the success of collaboration. This will be illustrated
through a deep dive case study into City-REDI at the University of Birmingham, looking at the range of
projects, partners and impact generated to understand the lessons for collaboration with universities,
development of evidence based policy and the future of civic engagement which creates impact by default.

Sub-national government quality and regional development in Africa
Mr Yohan Iddawela1, Dr Neil Lee1, Prof. Andrés Rodríguez-Pose1
1

London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom

G09-R1 Regional Finance, Fiscal Issues, Investment or Capital Markets
IUT_Room 303, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Sub-national government has historically been highly important in much of Africa, and recent years haveseen further decentralisation in much of the continent. Yet the role of sub-national government in
explaining differences in economic outcomes across African regions has been largely ignored. To fully
understand how institutions have shaped GDP per capita in Africa, in this paper we go beyond the
traditional focus on national level institutions and consider subnational ones. We create a new index of subnational government quality for 374 regions in 23 African countries and assess its impact on regional GDP
per capita, measured using satellite data on night light density. To address causality concerns, we364

instrument sub-national government quality with the level of jurisdictional hierarchy of pre-colonialsocieties. Our results show a positive, significant and causal relationship between sub-national government
quality and regional economic development. Better subnational governments are a powerful determinantof development in Africa.

Renewable energy regions as action arenas – challenges and opportunities for the governance of old andnew regional commons
Mr Andreas Röhring1
1

Leibniz Institute for Research on Society and Space (IRS), Erkner, Germany

S20-S3 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In face of the ubiquity of renewable energy resources decentralisation is a key catchword of energy
transition and often seen as synonymous with new opportunities for regional development. But energy
transition from fossil to renewable energies in Germany was mainly incentive driven by the Renewable
Energies Act (EEG) provoking an economically rational behaviour of investors. Since 2000 it led not only to a
rapid growth of renewable energies but also to intended and unintended impacts at regional commons aswell as deficits of acceptance and conflicts. Groups of stakeholder affected by and those actively involved in
the development of renewable energies were often not identical.
At the regional level we could found in general two strategies of actors: offering sites for external private
investments in renewable energies as an installation landscape or initiating collaborative renewable energy
projects and structures of energy governance to tap these decentralisation processes of energy transition asa force for regional development. Renewable energy regions as action arenas with governance structures
were initiated about since 2008 with support of the federal or state level in order to improve theacceptance of energy transition. They used the opportunities offered by the liberalisation of energy markets
to create renewable energies as new regional commons accompanied by the development of energy
consciousness. But they also initiated projects regarding the maintenance of traditional regional commons.
In face of the different regional contexts and constellations of public, private and collective actors there is agreat diversity of governance structures, cooperative arrangements and key actors with different interests,
cooperation experiences and action orientations.
Theoretically the presentation aims at the enrichment of regional science based governance approacheswith the concept of common goods by the establishment of action arenas in renewable energy regions inGermany. Although formal spatial planning aims at the protection of public goods and regional governancein a broader sense at collective action, a theoretical-conceptual linkage from geography or regional science
to debates about commons from an institutional perspective does not really exist. By examples of
Bioenergy-regions and 100% Renewable energy regions in Germany will be discussed how actors define
their action arenas spatially, how they manage the relationships between public, private and collective
actors, how they act between powerful central institutions and regional requirements, how they ensure
participation processes and how they contribute to the reduction of negative external effects of thedevelopment of renewable energies.

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Activities reorganization in urban digital and ecological societies
Prof. Teresa Rojo1, Prof. Antonio Piñero-Valverde2
1

Universidad de Sevilla, Dpt. Sociology, Sevilla, Spain, 2Universidad de Sevilla, Dpt.Urban & Territorial Planning, Sevilla,
Spain

S02-S2 Digital and spatial transformation: structures and relations in the knowledge economy
IUT_Room 404, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
What the urban planners designed or the activities regulated by the public administrations in the cities, had
historically to become adjusted to the changes in the systems of social relations. For example, the cities ofWelfare State Societies were designed separating the uses of work, leisure, education and housing (urban
sprawl or zoning), planning large road networks and parking to facilitate travel in private cars.
The objective of this study is to investigate urban planning guidelines adapted to the social organization ofactivities and uses of the territory in so-called information, knowledge, digital and / or ecological societies
already observable in countries such as Spain. The methodology used is exploratory and focuses on the casestudy of the city of Seville. A descriptive analysis of changes in commercial behaviour, transport anddisplacement, sporting uses, etc. is carried out. Other applied research techniques implemented are
bibliographic and statistical analysis as well as Delphi questionnaire. In the discussion of results, thepotential provided by digital technologies and innovations in collaborative economy are weighed.
Among the results, the citizen's preference for a compact city model with proximity uses in theneighbourhood (commerce, sports, education, leisure) and time savings in motorized travels stands out. The
extensive digitalization of work and leisure has reduced the time of physical social relationship. As citizens
want to enjoy relationships "village style" in their spare time. The return to the local neighbourhood ofleisure activities, trade, education and sports, is also a citizen response to the ecological decisions of city
councils to increase the prices of motorized transport parking and promote walking, cycling or scooter
Regarding commercial spaces, in the digital society it can be seen that the large classic shopping centre
designed as a large building with stores inside it has been losing interest. While the taste for the street andfor moving away from closed spaces (in a way of life dominated by activities with screens and virtual
contacts) explains the good reception of the shopping centres designed to reproduce pedestrian streets oftraditional urban centres.
The conclusions also include the tendency to increase the robotic automation of services such as laundries
or the urban rental of motorcycles or electric cars, and the potential demand of so many other services
likely to be known and contracted by virtual means and to be organized by collaborative economy.

Actuarial credibility approach in assessment of major infrastructure projects in Poland
Dr. Bartlomiej Rokicki1, Prof. Krzysztof Ostaszewski2, Solomiya Yushchak1
1

University Of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, 2Society of Actuaries Center of Actuarial Excellence, Illinois State University,
Normal, United States

G10-O1 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Since its EU accession, major infrastructure projects have been one of the main regional policy tools in
Poland. As a result, between 2004 and 2015 there were 240 projects with budget over euro 50 million eachand over 130 projects with budget over euro 100 million each. Yet, the experience of other countries showsthat the implementation of big projects usually leads to many problems and ends up with ineffective
spending of public funds. In particular, Flyvbjerg (2003, 2014) argues that the big infrastructure projectdelivery is highly problematic with a dismal performance record in terms of actual costs and benefits.
366

This paper applies actuarial credibility approach to analyze viability of major infrastructure projects in termsof the cost overruns and delays. In particular we verify whether the amount of financial means devoted tothe big projects is adequate as compared to the real costs associated with their accomplishment. We
compare the data on projects co-financed by EU funding with the ones fully financed from national sources.
We find that the performance of major infrastructure investments depends on the source of funding, typeof investment or region of implementation. We show that actuarial credibility approach allows to foresee
the degree of possible overruns and delays before the project implementation.

Tourism, smart specialization, growth and resilience in European regions
Dr João Romão1
1

Universidade do Algarve (CEFAGE), , PORTUGAL

G04-O6 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This work constitutes a first attempt to assess the role of tourism within smart specialization strategies in
European regions. By integrating into the model different strategic options regarding the role of tourism
and its relatedeness with other economic activities, the results suggest which options can offer higher
benefits for the regional economies. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of tourism dynamics onregional economic growth. Although a broad range of studies seemed to confirm the so‐called “Tourism‐Led
Growth” hypothesis, revealing positive effects of tourism boosting economic growth, other international
comparative analyses have shown ambiguous results, whereas recent studies suggest that the impact of
tourism tends to decrease over time, as the mobilization of resources for tourism development transforms
regional economic structures. In this work, the potential impacts of tourism on growth are analyzed during along period (2004-2017), comprising phases of growth, recession and recovery, which allows to assess theability of each region to recover from an external shock (regional resilience). Moreover, information related
to the role of tourism and its relatedness with other economic activities within the sectorial priorities
defined by each region for their smart specialization strategies is added to the model, in order to identify
potential differences in regional economic performance. The work includes a literature review focused on
the concepts of Tourism-Led Growth, Smart Specialization and Resilience, preceding the presentation of apanel data econometric model. The results of this work-in-progress will be presented and discussed,
synthetizing the main contributions and limitations of the analysis, while opening new research
opportunities. The main expected result of this analysis is the identification of the different impacts thatdiverse strategic options related to the priority of the tourism sector and its different relatedness with othereconomic activities within regional innovation strategies generate on growth, development and regional
resilience. By taking into account the pre‐existing levels of economic development, the results may also
reveal to which extent a process of convergence between European regions is occurring.

The plain of the millennial olive groves of Ostuni: governing the landscape of hypermodernity
Mr Federico Ciraci1, urban planner francesco maiorano2, architect marco massari3, Ms Flavia Rosano4
1

municipality , Ostuni, Italy, 2municipality , Ostuni, Italy, 3Municipality, Ostuni, Italy, 4Municipality, Ostuni, Italy

S47-S1 Maintenance and regeneration of the territory and the city as an occasion for their ecologicaltransformation
MILC_Room 409, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In the high Salento, along the Adriatic, is the territory of Ostuni. A place of anthropological diversity where
Messapian, Roman, Norman, Spanish memories of other cultures, not just European ones, have deposited367

an immense deposit of goods and resources; contaminations that have shaped a territory from the dazzling
landscape in its plural composition with a constant presence of olive trees, which survive, even in
productive terms, for millennia. A network of resources that intersect with the olive tree: the archeology,
the historical center, the medieval gardens, the "deep" countryside and the farms, the coastline and thenaturalness of the coastal wetlands. A whole that forms a unique, inimitable, inestimable environmental
ecosystem. The rediscovery in the period of hypermodenity, the immense economic and social value of thelandscape composition of the Ostuni territory, is leading to new awareness in the governance of theterritory and the built environment with the centrality of the economic value of the landscape: a true
agglomeration economy. From the studies of the new PRG of B. Gabrielli of the nineties to today several"emerging" questions from an aggressive demand for the "landscape" good led to new government policies
aimed at the protection / preservation of the territory and the valorization / recovery of the historical city .
Nature and culture have become the main links of ecological networks that are passing through the territoryof Ostuni towards a new dimension and evolution of historical and environmental resources. The objectiveof this paper is the story of a process, of a "meridian" experience of moving awareness.

A Spatial Econometric Analysis of the Impact of State Tax Policies on Small Business Growth
Dr. Amanda Ross1, Dr. John Deskins2, Dr. Donald Lacombe3
1

University Of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, United States, 2West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States, 3Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, United States

G11-O2 Spatial Econometrics
MILC_Room 310, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
We examine the spatial relationship between state tax policy and small business growth. There is an existing
literature that examines spatial competition with regards to tax and welfare policies, arguing that state andlocal governments set fiscal policies inefficiently. On the other hand, there is a literature on agglomeration
economies, which would suggest that if taxes decrease business activity in general, there may
be negative effects both within a jurisdiction and in nearby areas. Drawing upon spatial econometricmethods, we examine how differences in state tax policy affect small business growth. Spatial methods
allow us to estimate the direct effects of the policy, as well as any spillover effects of policies in adjacentstates. We find that there are important direct and indirect effects of state tax policy on small businessactivity. Our results indicate that local policy makers need to be aware of tax policy in neighboring
jurisdictions as this affects growth within their boundaries.

Out migration of young workers from rural areas and their return - Event history analyses
Dr. Anja Rossen1, Dr. Cornelius Peters2, Moritz Meister
1

Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nürnberg, Germany, 2Thünen Institute of Rural Studies, Braunschweig,
Germany

G17-O3 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This paper focusses on the spatial mobility of young workers. In particular, we are interested in the factors
determining the decisions of workers who recently completed vocational training to emigrate from rural
areas and subsequent return migration. Employing event history analyses, we provide evidence on when
during individual working life these migration events happen (if at all) and the significance of individual andregional characteristics for the likelihood to migrate.
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The economic development of regions significantly depends on localised human capital which is supposed
to be crucially affected by the availability of young skilled workers. However, in Germany in particular somerural areas experience a significant out migration of young people. Not only high school graduatesfrequently emigrate from rural areas to a big city for their studies or vocational training, but also young
workers after completing vocational training in a rural region do so. This paper focusses on the latter group,i.e., those young workers in which firms already invested. We are interested in the share of these workers
who return to the location of origin after acquiring work experience elsewhere, e.g., in a big city, selection
effects related to initial and return migration, and regional characteristics determining the migration
decisions. To analyse these decisions, we make use of extensive secondary data, the Integrated
Employment Biographies (IEB) of the Institute for Employment Research (IAB).
The IEB provide detailed information on individual employment biographies of all workers in Germany
except the self-employed and civil servants. Each employment spell contains information on, among others,
the period of employment at a daily basis, employment status, occupation, gross daily wage, and thelocation of employment at municipality level. Furthermore, from 1999 onwards information on themunicipality of residence is available. Hence, we are able to identify migration events after a completion of
vocational training at a daily basis. We relate these events to individual characteristics (e.g., gender and age)as well as characteristics of the preceding vocational training (occupation, wage) and employer (size,
industry, productivity level, workforce composition). Furthermore, using the region identifier available in
the IEB, we merge information on regional labour market conditions, the regional industrial structure, as
well as amenities in order to analyse their importance for individual migration decisions of workers who
recently completed vocational training.

Germany’ national minimum wage – Implications for regional disparities
Dr. Duncan Roth1, Prof. Dr. Gabriel Ahlfeldt2, Prof. Dr. Tobias Seidel3
1

Institute for Employment Research (IAB), , Germany, 2London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), , UK,
University Duisburg-Essen, , Germany

3

G05-R1 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper analyses the regional implications of the statutory minimum wage that was introduced inGermany in the year 2015. Using a difference-in-differences estimation strategy and employing
administrative data, we find that municipalities in which the share of workers that initially earned less thanthe minimum wage experienced a relative increase in wages at the lower end of the wage distribution. The
policy therefore contributed to spatial convergence in lower-tail wages. Increases in wages are, however,
not accompanied with by reductions in employment levels of by increases in the unemployment rate. While
the minimum wage did not lead to increased migration, high-bite municipalities experienced an increase in
the share of employees working in other municipalities, suggesting that the policy imposed costs on someworkers in the form of commuting. Furthermore, we find that corporate tax revenues fell in high-bitemunicipalities, while increased labour costs were in parts passed on to consumers through higher prices for
non-tradable goods and services. Taken together, the minimum wage has relatively benefitted low-wage
workers in high-bite municipalities and transferred surplus from firms to workers.
The determinants of renewable energy consumption in French regions
Ms Ferdaous Roussafi1
1

university of caen, CAEN, France

G14-O3 Energy and Ecological Transition
MILC_Room 410, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
369

Energy transition tends to be at the heart of political and scientific agendas. Indeed, France has madenational commitments such as National Strategy of Ecological Transition towards Sustainable Development
and the energy transition law for green growth. This transition is also a matter of global concerns, asevidenced by some redefinitions of international (Kyoto Protocol) and European (EU Energy-Climate
Package) energy policies. However, this transition is carried out according to different rhythms andtemporalities according to the territories; it therefore seems essential, as many studies have pointed out,
(Bridge et al., 2013; Hansen and Coenen, 2014; Murphy, 2015), to pay more attention to territorial dynamics
in order to better understand the diversity of energy policy configurations and trajectories.
In this context, we seek to study the factors that determine the regional consumption of renewableenergies in France. We build an econometric model that explains the evolution of the share of RE consumed
at the regional level over the period 1990-2015. Our sample is made up of the 22 metropolitan regions andthe French overseas departments. Using panel data methods allows us to study simultaneously the
dynamics and heterogeneity of regions.
The results of the unit root tests allow us to maintain the assumption that the series are first-orderintegrated. The cointegration tests provide strong evidence that all panels in the data are cointegrated. Like
Apergis et al., (2010), we employ a panel cointegration and error correction model to infer the causal
relationship. The short-run estimates indicate that there are a statistically significant positive association
between the share of renewable energy consumption and its lags and between this variable and economic
growth measured by real GDP growth rate, but a statistically significant negative relationship between GDP
per capita and renewable energy consumption and between this variable and nuclear energy production percapita. We also find that there is no environmental concerns effect explaining the growth of renewables in
French regions.

Experiences and hypotheses of economic transition, territorial reorganization and ecological progress inthe territories of the post-Colombian armed conflict.
Prof. Pietro Rovigatti1
1

University G. D'annunzio Of Chieti Pescara, Pescara, Italy

S47-S2 Maintenance and regeneration of the territory and the city as an occasion for their ecologicaltransformation
MILC_Room 409, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The agreement signed in Havana, in 2016, between the FARC (Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces) andthe Central Government of Colombia - one of the emerging economic and social countries of Latin America,richest in biodiversity and natural resources - it has not only closed more than fifty years of social,environmental, economic and military conflicts, ending, perhaps forever, a war-filled season of crimes andtragic consequences for civilian populations, long believed to be infinite. He also put on the black and whitea long list of commitments between the parties in conflict, among which are those of a territorial andeconomic nature, destined, in the intentions of the contracting parties to the agreement, to design a new
strategic territorial structure in vast regions of the country, predominantly agricultural and forest pastoral,
called “deep Colombia” (F. Diaz Diaz D. Unigarro, 2018).
It is also of interest to note that within the Peace Agreement in question the word “plan”, understood bothin terms of the socio-economic program and of territorial development and rebirth, and also as a programof works of evident significance and territorial value, appears many times. For example, with regard to a
Nation Plan for the development of third level infrastructures, or for the defence against integral risk, or insupport of rural communities, real victims of the conflict.
370

But three years after the signing of this agreement, what is now the state of planning and implementationof these programs, and how these programs have tried to conceive, and put into effect, an idea of a new
territory project, linked to a hypothesis of economic transition, territorial reorganization and ecologicalprogress in the territories of the post-Colombian armed conflict?
The paper tries to answer this question starting from the examination of the context conditions and theanalysis of the programs of territorial government, and in light of the radical processes of economictransition under way, focusing on the case study of the Department of Guaviare, placed at the threshold of
the Colombian Amazon region, and specifically in the “vereda” of Charrasquera and Charras, in themunicipality of San José del Guaviare, object of a recent international participatory planning workshop thatis illustrated here as an experience of interest in the transition path to the post fossil (and the overcomingof the cocalera economy) nowadays in some regions of the country.

How Do Local Labour Markets Look From Above? An Automated Satellite Imagery Approach
Dr. Francisco Rowe1, Juan Soto2
1

University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 2London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom

G03-O1 Big Data and Regional Science
IUT_Room 408, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Administrative areas do not accurately reflect the contemporary spatial manifestation of labour market
linkages. Local labour market areas (LLMAs) have been shown to provide a better representation ofgeographic labour market activity. Traditionally LLMAs are delineated based on commuting flow data.
However, communting data are expensive to collect, are sporadically collected in developed countries andrarely available in less developed countries. Yet, recent advances in computing capacity and increased
availability of satellite imagery offers a unique opportunity to generate LLMAs in poor environment context
in a cheap, frequent and automated way. This papers aims to develop an automated satellite-based
approach to define LLMAs.

Updating (spatial) Shift-Share Analysis to Review the Decline of French Manufacturing Industry (19932015)
Mr Jean-François Ruault1, Mr Yves Schaeffer1
1

Irstea, Grenoble, France

G10-O4 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The downward trend in employment in French manufacturing industry, not to mention its dramatic fall in
the aftermath of the 2008 economic crisis, is reflected in significant regional disparities. These two issues –the national adverse trend and the resulting inequalities – are of great political importance and muchremains to be done to better understand them. To this aim, this article proposes an update of the shiftshare analysis (SSA) method and applies it to the French manufacturing industry case. The standard SSA
explains regional inequalities, i.e. deviations of regional employment growth rates from the national trend,by specific regional competitive and industry-mix effects. But to implement this decomposition, all national
industries are required to exist in all regions. Our update removes this unrealistic constraint and generalizes
the SSA approach to the usual case where regions have missing sectors. In addition, the emergence overtime of initially missing sectors and the explosive growth or degrowth of some small sectors are371

incorporated as specific components in the SSA decomposition, along with the competitive and industry-mix
components. This generalized SSA method is then applied to better understand the decline of French
manufacturing sectors over the period 1993-2015 at NUTS 2, 3 and LAU 2 geographical levels. Results showthat regional inequalities over time are induced by competitive effects, i.e. inequalities in average sectoral
growth rates, rather than industry-mix effects, i.e. inequalities due to differences in economic structures. In
addition, the smaller the geographical scale, the greater the effects of emergence and outliers on regional
inequalities.

The clash of policies: Do green cars affect driving behavior?
Aviv Steren, Dr. Stav Rosenzweig, Dr. Ofir Rubin1
1

Ben-Gurion University Of The Negev, Beer-sheva, Israel

S59-S1 Road Safety Economics for Resilient Countries and Regions
IUT_Room 108, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Energy-efficient cars have become increasingly prevalent in recent years, in many cases because ofgovernmental policies that incentivize consumers to purchase them. Importantly, these cars arecharacterized by light weight and small size, both of which are likely to negatively affect the car’s safety. A
critical research question is, therefore, do policies that incentivize the purchase of energy-efficient cars –thereby increasing their presence on the roads – also increase car-accidents’ fatality rates?
However, whereas energy-efficient cars are less safe due to their small size and light weight, their limited
safety may stimulate their drivers to drive more carefully.
To measure the difference in driving behavior between drivers of small versus large cars, we first utilize
Israeli Police records of all fatal and severe car accidents between 2007-2015. Specifically, we examine
whether drivers of small cars are more likely to be involved in a severe or fatal accident. We then use Israeli
Police records of all traffic violations between 2007-2015 to address the likelihood of selection bias (i.e.,
careful drivers own small cars) and test if drivers of small cars are less prone to traffic violations, suggestingthat they drive more carefully.
Our preliminary results suggest that drivers of small cars are less likely to (1) be involved in fatal car
accidents and (2) commit traffic violations than drivers of large cars. We postulate that considering thelimited safety of their cars, drivers of small cars drive more carefully, thereby offsetting the increased
hazard inherent to the cars they own.
From a policy perspective, our study examines two critical policy goals: energy-efficiency and road-safety.
While prior research associated energy-efficiency policies with increased risk of fatalities, our study provides
policy makers with a better understanding of the complex relationship between energy-efficiency and roadsafety, so that more informed policies could be designed.

An application of an asset index to measure Russia's population welfare
Mr Nikita Ryabushkin1
1

Siberian University of Consumer Cooperation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

G04-O9 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This article presents an alternative approach to assess welfare and asset inequality of Russian population
using an asset index. We modify the methodology of calculating the asset index that was suggested byresearchers from South Africa. The methodology is based on the household assets indicators. The authors
propose that the asset index gives the more accurate estimates of population inequality in Russia compared372

to income indicators. We use modified methodology on the data of the Rosstat’s 2016 Comprehensive
Survey of Living Conditions. Based on the calculated values of the index all household are divided by fourgroups.

Geography of Environmental Life Cycle Assessment
Dr. Myriam Saadé-sbeih1, Romain Boistel2
1

Ecole des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France, 2Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Paris, Champs-sur-Marne, France

S17-S2 Geography of science and the spatial dimension of scientific activity
IUT_Room 201, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a multicriteria and comparative methodology quantifying the environmental
impacts of products and services throughout their entire life cycle. Conceived in the late 1960s in the USA toevaluate industrial systems, it was first dedicated to the analysis of energy consumption and solid waste
generation. Parallel to its standardization in the 1990s and increasing integration in environmental policy
making in the 2000s, the scope and issues covered by LCA studies broadened with the diversification ofenvironmental impact categories and the complexification of related models. These methodologicaldevelopments mobilized a growing scientific community, originally hosted in research centers from, mostly,
the European Union, the USA and Japan. Despite the ambition of developing a holistic approach assessing
the environmental burdens of global economic activities, LCA focused in its first decades on particular
contexts with poor consideration of situations and systems in “emerging” and “developing” countries. This
contribution seeks to investigate the circulation of the methodology by exploring the spatial redistributionof LCA scientific production from the 1990s onwards. The analysis is based on bibliometric data extracted
from three scientific journals addressing LCA. The preliminary results at the country level show a progressive
increase and spatial expansion of publication activities. The territorial redistribution of scientific publications
happens in two waves, first to South-East Asia and South America starting at the beginning of the 21st
century and accelerating in the late 2000s, particularly with the steady and rapid growth of the Chinesescientific production. The second wave of publication redistribution starts in 2010 with a growing number ofpublications originating from African or Middle-Eastern countries.

FDI and Labor Market Dynamics in a Developing Country: Evidence from Indonesian Plant-Level Data
Dr. Toshiyuki Matsuura2, Dr. Hisamitsu Saito1
1

Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, 2Keio University, Minato-ku, Japan

G05-O3 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Inward FDI brings advanced technology into developing countries. Its impact on the host region can beclassified into direct and indirect effects. Direct effect refers to the increase in productivity, employment,
and wages of foreign-acquired firms. Among indirect effects, previous studies have mostly focused on
identification of spillover effects on local wages and productivity of local firms and scarcely studied theimpact on employment.
Because of their size and productivity, entry of MNEs should intensify competition in local labor and productmarkets. If competition effects outweigh spillover benefits in those markets, local wages increase and local
firms reduce production, resulting in a decrease in their labor demand. Therefore, whether inward FDI
contributes to employment creation by local firms needs empirical evaluation.
373

In this study, we employ plant-level data in Indonesian manufacturing. Inward FDI has contributed to
growth of manufacturing production in Indonesia, but unskilled-intensive output expansion is no longer
adequate to maintain its economic growth. Failing to make the transition to skill-intensive production may
mire the country in the middle-income trap. Hence, employing microdata, we individually evaluate theimpact of inward FDI on wages and employment of skilled and unskilled workers in local firms.
Our results are summarized as follows. First, inward FDI increases local wages, particularly for skilledworkers. Second, spillovers from MNEs improve productivity of local plants. Finally, with regard to
employment, most local plants increase demand for unskilled workers but reduce that for skilled ones.
These results suggest that although spillover effects increase labor demand of local plants, severe labormarket competition, along with the inelastic supply of skilled workers, lowers demand for skilled workers.
FDI’s impact on employment differs significantly between low- and high-productivity plants, too. The former
tends to reduce both types of employment while the latter tends to increase them. Stated differently, entryof MNEs causes resource reallocation from low- to high-productivity plants. Applying a productivity growthdecomposition by Foster et al. (2001), we find resource reallocation considerably contributes to regional
productivity growth.
In sum, attracting inward FDI is effective to enhance regional productivity in Indonesia. However,inadequate supply of skilled workers can be a bottleneck to the expansion of production as it cancels out
spillover benefits. Moreover, the increased relative wages of skilled workers discourage local firms to adopt
skill intensive production. This may reduce the innovation potential of the country and may hamper
economic growth in the long-run.

Stochastic Analysis of Interregional Migration in Kyushu Area in Japan: Trend and Future Prediction
Dr. Hiroshi Sakamoto1
1

Asian Growth Research Institute, Kitakyushu, Japan

G17-O4 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Currently, in Japan where low growth continues, the declining population due to the declining birthrate
and aging population is a matter of concern. And the declining population is said to be more prominent inrural areas than in cities. Therefore, knowing the trend of population movement becomes very valuable
information in talking about the future image of the Japanese economy. This study investigatesinterregional migration in Japan. There are 47 prefectures in Japan, but this study will not take up any
prefectures here and focus on only 8 prefectures in Kyushu area. Kyushu area is located in a Japanese
southwest area and also near Asia (China and Korean peninsula), and economical activation is expected in
the future.
Kyushu area consists of the following prefecture: Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Oita, Kumamoto, Miyazaki,
Kagoshima and Okinawa. Economic environment is different from other prefectures because Okinawa
prefecture is island economy in it (Kyushu area, it itself is also an island). The center of the Kyushu economy
is Fukuoka prefecture (Fukuoka-ken).
First, we analyze two kinds of statistical data on population movement. One is prefecture data, and theother is municipality data. Next, it will be predicted in the future using this information. This study develops
a simple forecasting model using Markov chain, known as a stochastic model. If the transition probability
matrix can be appropriately estimated, a forecasting model using the Markov chain can be constructed. In
this study, we estimate the transition probability matrix of Markov chain directly from the OriginDestination table of population movement. In addition, a method of estimating transition probability matrix374

by least squares method is introduced. Then, the future distribution (ergodic distribution) of the population
movement is analyzed by obtaining the eigenvector of the estimated transition probability matrix.

Fiscal policy and its asymmetric regional responses.
Dr. Stylianos Sakkas1
1

European Commission (jrc-seville Site), Seville, Spain

G09-O2 Regional Finance, Fiscal Issues, Investment or Capital Markets
IUT_Room 304, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Using an adjusted and extended version of the European Commission’s – JRC (Seville site) spatial Dynamic
General Equilibrium model - RHOMOLO-v3, we analyse the impact of: (a) A balanced budget fiscal expansion
where we distinguish between current/capital government spending and we differentiate between full fiscal
regional autonomy and centralized balanced budget (b) We further study the impact of a reduction in debtto-gdp ratio at regional level where we hypothesize a situation in which the fiscal authorities adjust theirpolicies as much as needed so as to end up with lower debt.
Our simulation experiments focus on the Italian Economy. Italy has already some degree of devolved power
to regions while tax-varying power is currently used for unproductive public consumption. Moreover Italy ischaracterized by high debt and low growth. Given Italy’s current fiscal stance some sort of fiscal
consolidation is likely to be undertaken. In addition to this there exist significant regional disparities NorthCentre vs Mezzogiorno.
Regarding public debt consolidation we, adopt a rule-like approach to policy. We assume that fiscal policy isconducted via simple feedback policy rules (Schmitt-Grohe and Uribe (2007), Coenen et al (2008),
Philippopoulos et al. (2017), Sakkas and Varthalitis (2018)). Government consumption is allowed to respondto the inherited public debt-to-GDP ratio as deviations from policy targets. Our simulation results are driven
by ad-hoc choices in the feedback policy coefficients across the policy rules.
While the effects, either of expansion in productive capital expenditure such as public investment (e.gAschauer 1989, Fisher and Turnovsky 1998, Lecca et al., 2010, Alonso et al., 2009; Linnemann and Schabert,
2004) or fiscal consolidations have been extensively investigated in the macroeconomics literature at thecountry level (Forni et al. (2010), Almeida et al. (2013), Bi et al. (2013), Erceg and Linde (2013), Economides
et al. (2017), Sakkas and Varthalitis (2018)) the regional responses of fiscal policy have not yet beenthoroughly analyzed. Instead, in our study, using as a vehicle of analysis our dynamic spatial model, weshow that significant asymmetric responses may arise with regard to the effects of fiscal policy and its
regional dissemination.
Our study shows that while Cohesion Policy’s target is to promote and support the overall harmonious
development of its Member States and regions, especially in the post-crisis period, this can be hindered byseveral national policies, such as fiscal policy for the sake of fiscal sustainability or by the level of fiscal
autonomy.

Evaluation Modeling of the Water Environmental Policy in the Integrated River Basin and Bay Area
Dr. Katsuhiro Sakurai1, Dr. Hiroyuki Shibusawa2
1

Rissho University, Tokyo, Japan, 2Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan

G24-O2 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The purpose of this study is to develop the environmental policy evaluation model, and to analyze
comprehensively the environmental and economic impacts in the integrated river basin and the bay area.
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The target area is the Toyogawa River basin and the Mikawa bay area that is a part of the Aichi Prefecture,
Japan. The Toyogawa River basin has an area of 724 square kilometers, which spreads from the urban, bay
area in the south the rural, mountainous area of the north. Particularly the southern area of the basin has
been developed ever since the water for the household, agricultural, and industrial use has been supplied
from the Toyogawa River. Today, this development includes the high value-added agricultural systems in
the cities of Toyohashi and Tahara, and the manufacturing base, which includes the automobile industry,around the beyond the Mikawa Port. We analyze the regional economic and environmental data of the
Toyogawa River Basin and the Mikawa bay area, and construct the system model to clarify the interaction
between the regional economy and the water environment in the basin, which model describes the socioeconomic activities and its impact on the water environment in the Mikawa bay. The model is mainly
considered the water quality and environment as maximum restrictions and has the aim at the purpose of
maximizing the GDP of the basin area with consideration for the transportation structure of the waterpollutant in the integrated river basin and bay area. Our model is the regional model to evaluate theenvironmental policy in the integrated area, which is defined as the simulation model. The simulation model
is for example to evaluate the land use conversion and industrial subsidy policy to improve the water
environment of the bay. Of course we can analyze the relationship between the regional economy and thewater environment of the bay, and estimate the impacts of the regional economic activities.

The influence of reviewers’ uncertainty in measuring touristic destinations reputation: an empiricalapplication to Venice.
Dr. Luca Salmasi1, Dr. Nicola Camatti2, Prof. Jan Van der Borg2, Prof. Isabella Procidano2
1

Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy, 2Università Cà Foscari , Venice, Italy

S05-S1 Sharing economy and accommodation industry in urban and non urban environment
IUT_Room 402, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The use of online reviews has become very popular to measure a destination reputation. For instance,
TripAdvisor’s data are often used to obtain indicators measuring how a city compares with respect to otherdestinations, or to provide rankings of different areas within the same destination. These measures are
generally obtained by aggregating ratings assigned by reviewers to a variety of attractions belonging to thearea of interest. However, it may be that reviewers use different scales to rate attractions, or that the rating
is assigned with a certain degree of uncertainty.
We propose to isolate reviewers’ rating uncertainty from real preferences by using CUB models, recently
proposed by Iannarino and Piccolo (2011). We assume that the distribution of ratings of a certain attraction
can be modelled as a mixture of distributions, one capturing informed evaluations and another associatedto ratings assigned with uncertainty. Applying CUB models we are able to isolate the two effects and obtaina measure of reputation that does not depend on uncertainty.
In this work we use data from TripAdvisor for the city of Venice. We collected information about ratings
assigned to museums, churches, historical buildings and places of interest for each review assigned since
the first available review. Moreover, we also collected information about reviewers (e.g., age, gender,
nationality and interests). We use this hitherto unexploited data source to obtain a dynamic measure of
reputation for various areas of Venice. Then, we apply the CUB model to isolate true ratings, netting out theeffect of reviewers’ uncertainty, and compare the two indicators.
We find that uncertainty plays an important role in reviewer’s judgements and with differing effect throughacross time periods. According to our results uncertainty in reviewer’s ratings affects significantly the
distribution of ratings and should be accounted for in order to obtain more precise measures of reputation
for touristic destinations.

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The sustainability of the tourism sector from wine tourism
Dr. Javier Sánchez-Rivas García1, Dra. María Pablo-Romero2, Sra. Inmaculada Crespo Morán3
1

Universidad De Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain, 2Universidad De Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain, 3Universidad De Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

S67-S1 Sustainability, water and energy use in the productive sectors: tourism, services, industry, agriculture
and administrations
MILC_Room 409, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
With the exhaustion or saturation of traditional tourism typologies such as sun and beach tourism, new
tourism alternatives based on experiences and sensations have been developed since the beginning of the
21st century (Carballo et al., 2015). All this is encouraged by an important effort of the different national
administrations to develop economic activities that allow the sustainability of the rural populations, andthus avoid the exodus to the cities (MAGRAMA, 2017).
On the other hand, from the budgetary management bodies and allocation of grants and subsidies of theCommon Agricultural Policy of the European Union (Ministry of Tourism, 2014) is working in the framework
2015-2020 to seek the development of tertiary activities in the environments agricultural sectors
susceptible to being beneficiaries of public transfers to production, thus achieving a greater generation of
employment and wealth in primary holdings.
In this sense, tourist activities related to the collection, grinding, tasting, etc. are being developed. of theolive or the grape, key products of the gastronomy and therefore, of that new tourist typology ofexperiences and sensations. Wine tourism represents an important weight in gastronomy tourism, and it isconsolidating as a considerable reason that drives the consumer to travel.
In this work, qualitative and quantitative analysis of tourism demand related to enology for the national
territory is analyzed, specifically the case of the Denomination of Origin Montilla-Moriles, making special
mention of the available economic data, especially the hotel offer of the region.
The objectives that are established are the deepening in this recent tourism typology as a sustainable
alternative to the traditional ones, as well as the economic characterization of it. From these, amethodology based on the preparation of a qualitative situation analysis of the demand and registration of
the figures of the main economic indicators related to the available data is established. A “DAFO” analysis isalso established for the destination of the Wine Route in the Montilla-Moriles Denomination of Origin.
Finally, a series of conclusions are established.
With the different results obtained, it can be concluded, among other considerations, that this tourism
typology still has a path of development and consolidation, since the vast majority of the wineries that arepart of the Denomination of Origin Montilla-Moriles, lack the processes, qualified personnel, tools, facilities
and incentives necessary to attend, from a supply point of view, to the growing demand related to wine
tourism.

Relationship between economic growth, tourism and energy consumption: A review
Dra. Maria del Populo Pablo-Romero1, Dr Beatriz Palaces-Florencio, Dr. Javier Sánchez-Rivas
1

Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España

377

S67-S1 Sustainability, water and energy use in the productive sectors: tourism, services, industry, agriculture
and administrations
MILC_Room 409, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Tourism is an important economic activity in the international context. Recent studies have shown that thisactivity generates economic growth and promotes the creation of employment. However, the growth of
tourism activity also has negative effects on the environment, since it generates CO2 emissions,fundamentally due to energy consumption. The need to control CO2 emissions to combat climate change
and global warming has generated an incipient stream of studies that analyze the impact of economic
growth associated with tourism on CO2 emissions and energy consumption. However, to date, the studies
carried out seem to be disconnected and it seems that they are emerging without one or several clear linesthat allow drawing the reality of the analyzed effects. From the review of all the studies carried out up to
the current date on this topic and published in JCR, Scopus and other journals accessible through Google
Scholar, this article analyzes the studies carried out so far, identifying the different branches of study anddetermining the gaps that remain to be explored. Although it is a line of research that has grown strongly inthe last two or three years, there are still few studies carried out.

Analysis of the sustainability of the Patios Festival (Intangible Heritage of Humanity)
Prof. Genoveva Dancausa1, Sra. Inmaculada Crespo Morán4, Dra. Genoveva Millán Vázquez de la Torre2, Dr.
Javier Sánchez-Rivas García4
1

Universidad De Córdoba, 2Universidad de Loyola Andalucía, 3Universidad de Córdoba, 4Universidad De Sevilla

S67-S1 Sustainability, water and energy use in the productive sectors: tourism, services, industry, agriculture
and administrations, MILC_Room 409, août 29, 2019, 14:00 - 16:00
Cordoba is a heritage city located in the south of Spain, has four recognitions by UNESCO as a World
Heritage Site, of which three refer to the material heritage (The "Mosque" recognized in 1984, (Unesco,
1984) , the "Historic Center of the City" (Unesco, 1994), the "Archaeological Site of Medina Azahara" (2018))
and one that is intangible heritage ("the Festival of the Patios" (2012)). With this rich cultural heritage thiscity is a potential tourist destination, in the segment of cultural tourism. The “patio” as a material part of
the house and social area of expansion in certain houses has been evolving from the Roman era to thepresent, becoming an element of tourist attraction since its inclusionof the “Festival Patios of Córdoba”(FPC) in the Representative List of Intangible Heritage of Humanity (LRPI), promoted by UNESCO, in
December 2012 has been a milestone in the celebration of a popular holiday conditioned both by the
habitat that welcomes it, the “patios houses” located in the historic center of Córdoba, as for the way of lifeof those who generate this celebration, the inhabitants of these patio houses. A way of life-habitus- closely
linked, in turn, to said habitat.
The patio has generated a growing tourist interest awakened in both national and international markets.
This fact implicitly carries with it a responsibility that affects both the organizer of the competition that hasretained the Festival during the last eighty years, the town hall, and the generators of the cultural dynamics
that make it possible, the inhabitants of patio houses. Currently, the Festival is subject to two tensions: theintense tourist activity that is generated during the days of its celebration in May, and the safeguarding andprotection measures that aim to preserve and maintain the heritage resource so as not to exhaust,
precisely, its interest tourist. The coordination of these two forces, apparently opposed, should be theobjective of those who intend to assume the role of promoter of a management plan of the FPC, since it is,precisely, the capacity of the site to develop a good management tool the aspect in the one that UNESCO
puts more emphasis to maintain the inclusion of the good in the LRPI.
378

In this work we will focus on the Patios Festival and its sustainability from the point of view of the Offer,surveying the managers and owners thereof.

An analysis of the links between socioeconomics, accessibility and travel patterns in Sweden
Ph.d. Krister Sandberg1, Ph.d. Backa Fredrik Brandt1, M.Sc. Eva Lindborg1, Ph.Lic. Mats Wiklund1
1

Transport Analysis, Stockholm, Sweden

G16-O1 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In this study we link accessibility, at the public and individual level, to travel patterns. We find that aperson’s travel pattern and travel options are affected by accessibility shaped by transport system
configuration, land use, time restrictions, and individual circumstances. The findings confirm the perceptionthat Sweden’s regions and various societal groups exhibit both similarities and major differences inaccessibility that affect the existing opportunities in terms of linking residences, workplaces, leisureactivities, etc. Differences in travel patterns are found in chosen transport modes, travel times, trip lengths,
and trip purposes. For instance, high car and driving licence possession levels correlate with more trips bycar, while a strong public transport offering correlates with more trips by public transport. Considering
multiple factors simultaneously in a composite accessibility index, we still see a weak but positive link, i.e.,
better travel opportunities covary with more trips made.
However, the fact that some travel less than others does not necessarily mean that the conditions andassumptions concerning them are less favourable. Low mobility may be a matter of choice for a given group,and perhaps even sought for depending on attitudes. For other groups, low mobility may be less a matter ofchoice, and can impede their independence and participation in society. This is important to consider fromthe perspective of transport policy objectives, as it also affects the options available to various groups toadapt to changing circumstances. Consequently, degrees of mobility cannot be considered in isolation,
whether the discussion concerns sustainability or fairness.
The study is based on a population classification in six ways. Three is based on individual data – age andgender, income, and functional impairment, and three based on geography – 1) Swedish Agency for
Regional and Economic Growth’s municipality group classification 2) the Swedish National Council for Crime
Prevention’s classification of socially disadvantaged urban areas, and 3) a geographical classification tied
specifically to socioeconomic characteristics, where the areas are classified based on a composite metric ofdemography, finances, vehicle and population density, interests, and consumption. The last twoclassifications use information at a high level of resolution (10 000 areas). All together 37 groups are used.
Data from the Swedish National Travel Survey 2011–2016, complete public transport timetable data, official
vehicle and drivers licence statistics at the household and individual level, and logsums calculated fromSAMPERS (Swedish transport demand forecast model) are used in the analysis.

Analyzing the spatial patterns of the urban development in post-socialist cities from Eastern and Central
EuropePhD Student Alexandra Sandu1,2, Prof. Lydia Coudroy de Lille1, Prof. Octavian Groza2
1

Université de Lyon, CNRS; Université Lumière Lyon 2, EVS, UMR5600, Lyon, France, 2Alexandru Ioan Cuza University from
Iasi, Faculty of Geography and Geology – Department of Geography, Iasi, Romania

G04-O2 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
379

The fall of the communism represents an important element in the history and geography of Central andEastern Europe. It is clear that its impact was not only on the institutional, political and socio-economic
processes, but also on the urban morphology and functionality. Nevertheless, the most often, in theliterature, these particularities are explained through the prism of the first processes mentioned above,
while the quantification of the spatial processes is quasi-absent. Therefore, this research aims to outline
some of the morphological and functional spatial patterns that characterize the post-socialist city fromcountries of Central and Eastern Europe that are members of the European Union. Using a quantitative
methodology, that combines both statistical and GIS methods, the study analyses 132 cities, chosen basedon demographic criteria, but also in regard to their position in the national hierarchy. Consequently, themain questions of the study focus on identifying what particularities (if any) can be identified for themorphological and functional pattern of the cities from Central and Eastern Europe? What role (if any) plays
the socialist heritage in the spatial patterns of the urban development of post-socialist cities from Eastern
and Central Europe? And finally, are there similarities or dissimilarities in regard to the western European
city?.

An assessment of poverty determinants in U.S. census tracts, 1970-2010
Mr Carlos Gayán-Navarro1, Mr Marcos Sanso-Navarro1, Mr Fernando Sanz-Gracia
1

Universidad De Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

G06-O1 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This paper carries out an empirical analysis of the variables that explain poverty rates in U.S. census tracts.
To do so, a geographically consistent panel data set covering 366 MSAs during 1970-2010 has been used.
Our study begins by testing for the stationarity of poverty rates and establishing the estimation strategy. We
will show the differences between the poverty determinants in (i) the suburbs and the city center, (ii) big,medium and small MSAs, and (iii) rich and poor tracts. The analysis of the socio-economic factors that are
significantly related to poverty will also allow us to establish the role played by the filtering process in urban
housing markets. Even though we obtain evidence that poverty rates can be considered stationary
processes, estimation results suggest that they display some degree of persistence and spatial dependence.
The variables that have a positive and significant relationship with poverty are the percentages of racial
minorities, female-headed families, renter-occupied housing and old dwellings. On the contrary, educational
attainment, female employment rate and the percentages of population under 18 and over 60 are
negatively associated with poverty. We have not found a significant influence of the employment rate on
poverty. Nevertheless, it can be stated that this phenomenon has a sectoral component. These results areframed within the debate about the design of local development strategies, establishing under which
circumstances place-based policies should prevail over person-centred ones, and vice versa. In a nutshell,
our findings lead us to conclude that these two perspectives
are complementary rather than substitutes.

Transport and population density in the urban area of the city of Salvador
Ms Daniel Carvalho1, Dr. Gervasio Santos1
1

Federal University Of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

G16-O4 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM

380

The objective of the paper is to analyze the effect of accessibility to employment on population location
patterns in the city of Salvador, Brazil, considering different urban transportation facilities. In particular, thepaper also investigates the spatial distribution of whites and blacks in this city, based on the relationshipbetween densities and accessibility, in a polycentric spatial configuration of location of employment centers.
The research is situated in the empirical context of the urban economy and the economics of accessibility.
The identification of the causal effect between population density and accessibility will be carried using across-section database by subareas of city traffic, controlling for historical, geographical and location
components, as well as the respective application of the instrumental variable estimator. Different
methodologies were used to calculate an accessibility indicator, a population density gradient and thegeneration of an instrumental hydrographic variable based on the location of the river bed of the city ofSalvador to solve problems of simultaneity between accessibility and density population. The results
showed that the factors of access to employment opportunities had a positive and statistically significant
effect on the population density. This applies to blacks and whites, regardless of the technology used, car orbus.

Urbanization and climate in the northeast region of Brazil
Ms Lorena Fonseca2, Dr. Gervasio Santos1, Dr. Vinícius Mendes1
1

Federal University Of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil, 2Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil

G04-O8 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The objective of the paper is to estimate the effect of climatic variations on urbanization in the Brazilian
Northeast region. The urbanization process in Brazil has been accelerating since the beginning of the second
half of the 20th century. The country has about 85% of the population living in urban areas. In this context,
the process of urbanization in the Northeast region needs to be better analyzed, based on the respective
regional heterogeneities. The Northeast region is marked by the popular sense that climate vulnerability is
responsible for its precarious development, and attributing to the semiarid the main locus of the region'ssocial backwardness. The international empirical literature shows that climatic variables and extreme
climatic events exert important influences on a variety of economic results with different consequences.
These results are conditioned by socioeconomic, political and institutional features in each place.
Urban areas work as a way for people to escape from adverse climatic effects as agricultural productivity
was compromised. In municipalities market by presence of industrial units urban areas would be able tooffer employment alternatives. This hypothesis is consistent considering that the industrial areas havealways been attractive in terms of employment opportunities and drivers of urbanization. Thus, an empirical
study was conducted to test econometrically whether the precipitation climatic variable has effects on
urbanization in the Northeast region and the semi-arid region of Brazil, in particular. In addition, the paper
also verified whether the expressive presence of industrial activity can mitigate the effects of climaticconditions, through intra-municipal migration. The results indicated that in municipalities that have an
expressive industrial presence, a reduction of precipitation increases urbanization when compared to othermunicipalities. However, no statistically significant results were found in the estimates for the semi-arid
region.

The implementation of 2014-2020 Cohesion Policy in Greece: You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.
Dr. Ioannis Saratsis1
1

University of Thessaly, Volos, GREECE

381

G06-O8 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Since the early beginning of European Cohesion Policy in the mid 80’s under the scheme of Mediterranean
Integrated Projects, many changes occurred in the relevant Regulations. The most recent changes provide a
European wide Strategic framework for the development of the Union and specific country guidelines. Alsoin the current programming period new Territorial Instruments are available as an effort to implement theso called “Place Based” approach. Moreover, a comprehensive planning system emerged for the efficient
implementation of the resources allocated to the Union’s Member States.
In Greece the first implementation efforts were characterized by the lack of comprehensive development
strategies and the allocation of the funds mostly in basic infrastructure projects (like transport
infrastructure). It is commonly accepted that these projects were necessary for Greek Regions and Cities,
but they didn’t provide a stable growth path. In the recent (2014-2020) programming period and after morethan 30 years of CP funding, most of the available resources still go to basic infrastructure (more than 35%).
Another problem is that the amount that is foreseen for Territorial Instruments like CLLD, ITI is limited tothe minimum acceptable by the Regulations. These Territorial Instruments should be used in order to
respond to the complex development problems of Cities and Regions.
Obviously, systematic development planning and changes in the administrative capacity of National,
Regional and Local Authorities in the country that are evident in the last 20 years don’t have the expected
results. To a large extend this is due to dominant role of the Central Government and the absence ofinnovative thinking in Local Authorities and stakeholders. These reasons are briefly analyzed in the paperand some policy directions are given for the next programming period.

Starting From Scratch? A New Approach to Subnational Public Finance (with Application to the UK)
Dr. Willem Sas1, Prof. David Bell1
1

University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom

S50-S1 Fiscal decentralisation and multi-level governance
IUT_Room 408, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The ways in which countries have organised the financing of public goods and services provided by lowerlevel governments, are highly complex. They are often regarded as unfair, opaque or ineffective, and tend
to lack legitimacy as a result. This paper therefore explores a set of transparent and intuitive guidelines todesign a new fiscal framework for regional public finance. It builds these from a set of principles rather thanan ad hoc process dictated by political expediency. It also recognises that any fiscal arrangement will be
subject to a participation constraint. Thus it accounts for the possibility that one or more regions may leave
the federation, given sufficient popular support. To offset this possibility, and within certain bounds, ourframework allows subnational jurisdictions to unilaterally decide how much tax autonomy and fiscal
responsibility to adopt. Our paper therefore offers a fresh perspective on subnational public finance.

Sustainable mobility and universities in Italy: a critical assessment of results of the 2016 First Nationwide
SurveyProf. Andrea Scagni1
1

Università Di Torino, Torino, Italy

S16-S2 Students, University and the City: Location Choice and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
382

The proposed analysis explicitly uses the sustainability concept as the key to read the information madeavailable by the First Italian National Survey of University Mobility conducted in 2016-17 in 40 higher
education institutions around the country. The survey, which was promoted by the universities themselvesand coordinated by the Joint Group of university mobility managers (by Italian law, all large public
institutions must have a mobility manager), covered the most part of the tertiary education system in termsof number of students, involving universities in Rome, Milan, Turin, Florence, Bologna, Naples, Bari among
others. In all, some 70,000 responses were collected; the turnout rate was quite heterogeneous and resultsfrom each university were thus weighted to obtain reasonable overall estimates. The questionnaire wasfairly complex and rich in detail regarding actual modal choices, journey time and distances, possible
seasonal differences in behaviour, as well as subjective perceptions about problems and opportunities ofeach transport mode when used in the specific context of home-to-university commuting. The target
population was the whole academic community, including students, staff and faculty.
Approaching the issue from the sustainability point of view is reasonable both substantively - as it isconsidered a crucial factor to mobility issues - as well as operationally, since it allows to simplify the wide
variety of choices and behaviours. With direct reference to the multi-modality issues previously discussed,
journeys options will be classified in three ordered categories:• fully sustainable: all journeys made through active mobility, public transport or sharing in a single ormulti-modal solution;• partially sustainable: journeys that include a private car/motorcycle stretch, which is combined withother modes in a multi-modal solution;• fully unsustainable: journeys made with private motorized vehicles only.

Spatial clustering of indicators and regional development trajectories
Dr. Vanessa Kuentz1, Dr. Yves Schaeffer2, Dr. Tina Rambonilaza1
1

Irstea, UR ETBX , Bordeaux, France, 2Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, LESSEM, Grenoble, France

G10-O3 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM“What we measure affects what we do. If we measure the wrong thing, we will do the wrong thing.” This
introductory sentence from the recent OECD report on country-level well-being metrics (Stiglitz et al., 2018)
is equally relevant to the analysis of regional inequalities and regional development policies. An overarching
recommendation to monitor sustainable development policies is to rely on a set of relevant “Quality of life”
and “Environmental” indicators rather than on a synthetic indicator (e.g. GDP) and to pay attention to theirtemporal evolution. In this respect, for the study of regional development, a multidimensional clustering
approach has sometimes been used to identify “regional development profiles” and thus give meaning tothis wealth of indicators. However, this clustering approach should be further improved to measure the“right (regional) thing”. The aim of this article is to make proposals in that way.
There is already a method for the clustering of a set of numerical and categorical indicators (see the R
package ClustOfVar) and we believe it should be applied before the clustering of regions in order toeliminate informational redundancies in the indicator space. But a gap that still needs to be filled is the lackof treatment of spatial associations in the step of grouping indicators (i.e., the fact that, for an indicator, thevalues in a spatial unit and in neighboring spatial units may be related). This must be taken into accountinsofar regional development has a spatial dimension that should be understood to target regional policies
better. Our first objective is therefore to include this spatial dimension in ClustOfVar using the Vector
Quantization technique. A second gap to be filled is the way in which regional trajectories are analyzed,
usually by simply comparing regional typologies established at different times. An alternative approach
would be to focus on indicators’ dynamics and implement a clustering of variables followed by a clustering383

of regions based on temporal evolutions. This paper explores these methodological avenues to advance theanalysis of regional development.
A life-course perspective on preferences for dense neighborhoods
Yves Schaeffer1
1

Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, LESSEM, Grenoble, France

G17-O2 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Compact development is promoted by many cities on the grounds of enhancing urban sustainability andlivability (Haarhoff et al., 2016). It is expected to reduce sprawl, increase the efficiency of urban service
delivery and improve social interactions and public health. However all these benefits are not guaranteed:
Liao et al. (2015) argued that the success of compact development plans will ultimately depend on publicdemand for high-density developments and that scholars must understand residents’ preferences towards
them. We can add to this that success will also depend on maintaining this demand in the long term.
Planners concerned with investments in compact development should look beyond current generations andspeculate on the preferences and aspirations of futures generations.
The study of intergenerational transmission of residential preferences may help to establish suchconjectures. The main question asked here is whether people who grow up in dense neighborhoods are
more likely to live in dense neighborhoods later in life. If so, we would have reason to believe that acompact city model that attracts current families is likely to remain attractive to future families. To date,
this issue has been addressed by very few studies. While ÆRØ (2006) found that people tend to move toresidential districts that are similar to where they grew up, Chen and Lin (2011) concluded that those who
had lived in high-density locations during their growth periods pursued lower density locations later in life.
These contradictory studies suffer a similar limit: they are cross-sectional retrospective surveys based onrelatively small samples affected by selection bias.
In this paper, panel econometric models are estimated on large subsamples retrieved from a longitudinal
database, l’Echantillon Démographique Permanent, built by the French National Institute of Statistical andEconomic Studies (Insee). This database provides demographics and residential locations for a national
sample of individuals surveyed at several census dates between 1968 and 2015. Cohorts of individuals canbe observed as children in a census and as autonomous adults in subsequent censuses. We conclude thatexperiencing a higher density as a child increases the likelihood of selecting a high density neighborhood
later in life. In addition, the most recent dynamic panel data methods (Moral-Bonito et al., 2018) are appliedand show path dependencies insofar as the density experienced by an adult at a given period also affects
the density selected by this adult at the following period.

Income Inequality and Hierarchical Product Differentiation: An Analysis of the Austrian Restaurant
MarketMs Nora Schindler1, Ph.D. Biliana Yontcheva1, Dr. Dieter Pennerstorfer2, Prof. Dr. Christoph Weiss1
1

WU Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 2JKU Linz, Linz, Austria

G12-YS1 Location of Economic Activity (EPAINOS)
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Many Western economies have experienced significant changes in the distribution of personal incomes overthe last decades. The rising income inequality in the U.S. and in some European countries has attracted
public, political and scholarly attention. A large empirical and theoretical literature relates income
distribution and inequality to a number of social and economic outcomes (such as economic growth,international trade, well-being, health, criminality, education, to mention a few dimensions only). This384

project aims at studying a type of interaction between income inequality and market outcomes that has not
yet been explored extensively: the effects of different degrees of income inequality on firms' behaviour inimperfectly competitive product markets.
The analysis is motivated by the following simple argument. Since rich and poor consumers buy different
consumer goods in different amounts, the initial degree of income inequality influences the size of market
demand and/or its elasticity and hence the intensity of competition, entry and product differentiation
strategies. Income inequality entails heterogeneity in consumer preferences, and product differentiation is
the market response to this heterogeneity.
The empirical analysis is carried out for an important non-tradeable consumption amenity: restaurants. The
market for restaurants is particularly well-suited to the aims of the proposed project.
Firstly, different dimensions of product differentiation are relevant in this market and are significant in the
consumers' decision to eat out in a restaurant: the quality of restaurants (measured by consumer ratings
and/or expert reviews), the variety of restaurants (i.e. different cuisines), as well as the geographicallocation of restaurants. Within this paper we will focus our empirical analysis on the horizontal productdifferentiation. Secondly, the different dimensions of product differentiation in this market are easily
measured. Conveniently, there exists a wealth of information about restaurants on the Internet, including
quality indicators, cuisine types as well as precise address information which allows accurate geographic
matching of restaurants to demographic data. Thirdly, consumer heterogeneity is important in this market,
since consumer demand for specific cuisines will differ between rich and poor consumers. The availability ofdetailed information on the spatial distribution of population, income and income inequality allows anempirical identification of the impact of income inequality on consumer demand and firm conduct (productdifferentiation). And finally, the restaurant market represents a good case for investigating the hierarchicalstructure of demand: we expect to find a relationship between the number of varieties and the compositionof those varieties.

Sweet Trade and Old Habits: Privileges and Sugar Trade to Baltic Towns and the Effects of Political
Uncertainty, 1634-1857
Prof. Torben Dall Schmidt1
1

University of Southern Denmark, Sønderborg, Denmark

S25-S2 Historical Roots of Regional Performance
IUT_Room 415, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
A historically recent theory on international trade points to the importance of discrimination in trade
agreements, e.g. Viner (1950) or Bhagwati (1996). Discriminatory agreements on market access for specificcountries constitute preferential trade agreements (PTA’s). Such behavior is an “old habit” dating back intime, as exemplified by the discriminatory nature of the Sound Toll levied on cargoes passing the strait of“Øresund” from 1429 to 1857 by the Danish King. Following Degn (2010), trade from harbor towns inFrance, Scotland and England had no privileges, while trade from some German and Dutch towns were
given privileges. Such discrimination in market access is analyzed focusing on "sweet trade" in sugar from 15
European trading hubs and colonial towns in the "New World" outside the Baltic Sea area to 9 Baltic Sea
towns from 1634 to 1857. Some of these towns were in countries given preference and others not. This isfurthermore interestingly a period of large shocks and political uncertainty following the initiation of theFrench Revolution Wars. Based on a sample 7672 cargoes of sugar and following a gravity equation
approach, the paper estimates the long-run effects of preferential treatment on trade and trade margins. It
furthermore tests whether shocks and political uncertainty in terms of the initiation of the French
Revolutionary Wars presents first-order effects of preferential treatment compared to the long-run effects.
385

Results indicate that it is indeed the mix of preferential treatment and large shocks the affects tradepatterns rather than long-run effects of preferential treatment in general.

Urban Resurgence as a Consumer City: The Case of WeimarProf. Dr. Alina Schoenberg1, Prof. Dr. Florian Bartholomae, Prof. Dr. Chang Woon Nam
1

IMC Krems University Of Applied Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria

G17-R1 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 110, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Weimar achieved urban recovery as a ‘consumer city’ with sub-brandings like a population magnet with ahigh living-quality, a cultural city with touristic attractions, and a university city. Its intensive cultural promotion policies combined with urban regeneration programs have contributed to the recent demographic
and economic growth. This study demonstrates this success and investigates its sectoral weaknesses
compared to other German cities. Weimar needs an optimal mixture of consumption- and productionoriented develop-ment strategies to rectify the current structural imbalances and better control thosenegative impacts caused by a rapidly ageing population. Besides ample presence and intact connectivity ofhigh-tech industries and producer services within a city which enhance R&D, innovation and productivity,
Weimar should more seriously consider, when designing future development policy, that both urban growth
approaches are inter-related: agglomeration generates higher income for the creative class, whereas highurban amenities attract young creative entrepreneurs selecting locations for start-ups.

The VALOR (VALue Of Road Safety) project: developing reliable estimates of road crash costs
Ms Annelies Schoeters1, Mr Stijn Daniels1, Mr Dominique Mignot2, Mr Laurent Carnis2, Mr Maxime Large2, Mr
Raschid Urmeew3
1

Vias Institute, Brussels, Belgium, 2IFSTTAR, Champs-sur-Marne, France, 3BASt, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

S59-S1 Road Safety Economics for Resilient Countries and Regions
IUT_Room 108, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Demographic Change and Female Labor Supply
Ms Kathrin Schulze1
1

Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany, 2RWI - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Essen, Germany

G05-YS2 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Demographic change can be regarded as one of the most pressing problems of developed countries. As aconsequence, Germany is challenged by population aging, being one of the oldest countries worldwide.
This trend does not only cause increased pressure on social security systems, but also affects labor markets
by means of a persistently aging and retiring workforce. Evaluating the limited number of possible
counteracting measures, an increasing labor supply of underrepresented groups is among the mostpromising approaches. In light of this, our paper deals with the question whether or not females increase
their labor supply in an aging society using small-scale regional data. Since investigations of the exact386

mechanisms behind this relationship are relatively scarce, we try to evaluate whether there areheterogeneous effects for different skill levels. Our fist results show that the old-age dependency ratio
indeed has a positive effect on female labor force participation, indicating that women might serve as a
general factor attenuating labor market effects of an aging society. Women at the lower end of the skilldistribution might particularly fill in vacancies or take on jobs emerging in the health and care sector.

Tourists mobilities and the relevance of data from mobile phone network
Dr. Pierre-Olaf Schut1, Dr. Sandie Beaudouin1
1

ACP, UFR STAPS - Université Paris Est Marne-la-Vallée, Marne-la-Vallée, FRANCE

S04-S1 The digital transformation of tourism in the city
IUT_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
While almost all tourists are equipped with mobile phones (94% of French according to the Digital
Barometer, 2018), operators offer relevant data analysis services to address tourism research issues ormore usually for smart cities. The purpose of this communication is to verify the relevance of mobile data.
To carry out our approach, we implemented a survey system based on cross-referencing the results ofseveral methodological tools and / or sources: the counting of the ticketing, a survey by questionnaire andthe analysis of data from mobile telephony. This survey work was conducted on the Roland-Garros
tournament in 2017 and 2018. The results first reveal the possibilities of each tool to provide data ofdifferent types, indicating their accuracy and technical constraints. In a second step, we will compare thecomparable results to establish the relevance of each source and the exploitation prospects for research
purposes.
The conclusions of this study will allow us to pronounce on the relevance of data from the mobile phone in
the context of the case study that we conducted to analyze the mobilities of the spectators of the RolandGarros tournament.

How increasing commuting influences Labour Market Regions
Ms Barbara Schwengler1, Dr. Per Kropp2
1

Institute For Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany, 2IAB Saxony-Anhalt-Thuringia, Halle, Germany

G05-O5 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
In recent years, several studies in various countries have addressed the delineation of functional regions
based on commuting flows. Most of these studies have focused on one method and have used data fromone year. Due to increasing number of commuters and distances of home-to-work travel in recent decades,
this study extends the research on how increased commuting influences the shape and size of functional
labour market regions in Germany over time.
Applying a three-step method, functional labour market regions are delineated by using commuting data forall employed persons in Germany on municipality level from 1993 to 2013 and the results are aggregatedinto seven groups of three years. By comparing the results of these different delineations with each other,regions are classified into three categories as stable “core regions”, “related regions” and “over-lapping
regions”.
The main finding is that regions surrounding important labour market centres form stable labour markets.
Over time, most employees belong to the same labour market region or parts of it. However, increasing
mobility has reduced the share of the regional labour force living and working within labour market regions.
As a result, both the number of labour market regions and the quality of the delineations have decreased387

over time. Applying the three categories “core regions”, “related regions” and “overlapping regions” andthe three-step method, this study can assess the quality and robustness of this method and analyse stability
over time.

KIBS as Fosters for Innovativeness in Manufacturing Industries: The Case of Latin-America
Dr. Jean Pierre Seclen Luna1
1

Pontifical University Catholic of Peru, Lima, Peru

S10-S1 Territorial Servitization
IUT_Room 402, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Previous analysis of the relationship between KIBS and innovation outcomes have shown how KIBS
contribute to economic development in industrialized countries, where the competitiveness ofmanufacturing industries depends more and more on the specific knowledge provided by highly specialized
suppliers. In this way, KIBS has been gradually perceived as a strategic sector in the context of theknowledge-based economy. According to territorial servitization postulates KIBS are also fundamental forthe development of the manufacturing fabric. In this vein, the purpose of this research is analyzing therelationship between innovativeness and location decisions in manufacturing decisions, in order tounderstand whether the presence of KIBS can be seen as a magnet for manufacturing development.
Drawing on the World Bank Enterprise Survey 2017 for Latin-American countries, authors analyze 3,029
manufacturing firms. Findings indicate that manufacturing firms’ location decision based on KIBS proximity
is a critical determinant of innovativeness. Preliminary results indicate that manufacturing firms’ location
decision based on KIBS proximity is a critical determinant of innovativeness. This relationship is considerablystronger in Central American countries, where according to our data there is KIBS scarcity. Whilst this result
requires further discussion, we postulate that the decision of KIBS co-location become more importantwhen the technological and service knowledge is more scarce and hence valuable.

"Demographic Tailwind“ from East Germany? The anew apprenticeship opportunities of foreign youth inWest Germany
Mr Holger Seibert1
1

Institute for employment research, Berlin, Germany

S41-S1 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The German system of vocational education and training (VET) is very much firm based. Training takes placein private companies and is accompanied by vocational education in public vocational schools. Companies
offer training positions according to their economic well-being as well as to future requirements in skilled
manpower.
For many years the German VET market was not able to provide school leavers with the necessary number
of VET vacancies - especially in East Germany and especially for foreign youth in West Germany. The
problems in East Germany were rather economy driven, because smaller East German companies havealways had lower resources to stem the necessary supply. In the most difficult years there have been almost
twice as many applicants as open VET positions. Consequently, sufficient numbers of East German Schoolleavers successfully applied for VET positions in West. In West Germany it was rather problematic for
marginalized groups to find VET positions, such as school leavers with low achievements or foreign youth.
388

As mobile VET applicants from East Germany usually had better school degrees there used to be much morecompetition for these marginalized groups.
Our paper analyzes if and to what extend the growing opportunities for foreign youth in West Germany area result of the demographic changes in East Germany and the subsequent withdrawal of East German youth
from the West German VET market. For this purpose, we use employment registry data from the Federal
Employment Agency as well as population data from the Federal Statistical Office. Detailed analyzes prevail
in how far apprentices with foreign nationality are to be found in VET positions that used to be occupied byapplicants from East Germany in the past. Thereby, regional analyzes on NUTS-3-levels play an importantrole, as foreign population in Germany is concentrated in urban districts. Furthermore an occupational
differentiation is necessary as foreign youth clusters in certain apprenticeship occupations. Thus, we
compare regional occupation clusters where competition between East German and foreign youth took
place.
At the same time it is vital to disentangle to what extend the improving opportunities for foreign youth arecaused by the improved economic conditions in West Germany alone. Therefore, we consider a longer time
period beginning already in 1999, when East German school leaver cohorts used to be much bigger and theEast German VET market was rather consistently fierce.

An impact assessment of measures for gender rebalancing in local elective assemblies
Dr. Ugo Finardi1, Mrs Elena Ragazzi1, Dr. Lisa Sella1
1

IRCrES - CNR, Moncalieri (TO), Italy

S51-S2 Counterfactual methods for regional policy evaluation: Social and labour policies
IUT_Room 304, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The general objective of the paper is to present the results of an evaluation of the effects produced by theregulatory measures introduced in recent years for the purposes of gender rebalancing in the elective
offices.
Women still encounter huge difficulties in being included in political decision-making. Even when they havethe chance of participating to political competition as candidates, this is not a guarantee that they areelected and assigned to important political positions.
Many countries have introduced rules and mechanisms to accelerate the rebalancing process. The general
feeling is that their effectiveness may vary a lot, because they need to be well designed and effectively
implemented to achieve good results, so asking an important evaluation question.
Different types of mechanisms may be designed to ensure gender balance in politics.
The main options adopted are: Gender shares in the lists of candidates; Double/triple gender preference;
Alternate list. The three mechanisms can be paired, and their effectiveness depends also on theirapplication with different voting regulation.
We start from a statistical recognition of gender shares among candidates and elected representatives for
all institutions in Italy. The impact evaluation is limited to the case of municipalities. In the other cases, thelack of a credible counterfactual forces us to limit to statistical analysis of observed change. In the depictedsituation, the voting regulation for the administrative elections is a perfect context where to evaluate theeffectiveness of gender rebalancing mechanisms.
The paper presents the results of an evaluation based on RDD approach around the two thresholds present
in the law (5.000 and 15.000 inhabitants). Moreover, the determinants of the impact are analysed, based on
variables that affect women participation in electoral competition.

Analysis of fire patterns according to land use in Korea local government389

Ms. Minsong Seo1, Prof. Hwan Hee Yoo1
1

Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea

G24-O2 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Fire is one of the most frequent disasters in Korean cities, as well as traffic accidents, and causes
tremendous damage to property and loss of life. In this study, fire occurrence data were collected forapproximately 10 years, between 2007 and 2017, from the city of Jinju, which is a medium and small city
located in the southern part of Korea. We analyzed the cause of fire according to land use and thecorrelation of the occurrence of fire through the analysis of temporal and spatial patterns. Time series
analysis was carried out to predict future fire occurrence.
The following conclusions were obtained, first, as a result of the analysis of the occurrence of fires based onland use, fire in Jinju city were located mostly in the center and in the residential area of the city. Between
2007 and 2012, fires occurred in the central commercial area and in the industrial area that was the oldcenter of the city. On the other hand, from 2013 to 2017, the fires are grouped around the existing
residential areas and the recent ones built by residential development projects. Second, to analyze topredict the fire occurrence trend of Jinju city, time series analysis was performed by seasonal ARIMA model
based on 10 years data. Through this, it was possible to predict the trend of fire occurrence for the next two
years. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test (ADF Test) was used to verify the stability of the time series data,
and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) analysis was applied to predict of the time series data.

Quadruple helix readiness and smart specialization in less developed regions. The CEE case
Dr. Cristina Serbanica1, Dr. Iuliana Talmaciu1
1Constantin Brancoveanu University, Pitesti, Romania

S54-S1 Evaluating Smart Specialisation: early evidence on policy implementation and economictransformation, IUT_Room 304, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
See extended abstract online.

EU 2020 Targets: Revisiting European linkages and its implications for a modified inequality index
Dr. Deniz Sevinc1
1

University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

G15-O1 Segregation, Social and Spatial Inequalities
IUT_Room 205, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Evidence from European countries shows a significant and widespread increase in income inequality overthe past ten years. This paper's distinctive feature is a shift towards a novel definition of a measure ofinequality that widens the evaluation by combining socially inclusive aspects with wellbeing. Another aspectis the proposed methodology; European interlinkages are redefined to cover not only the trade channel, butalso financial exchanges, geographical proximities and bilateral migration flows, in an attempt to capture
fully the depth and complexity of cross-country dynamics. The redefined linkages supplement possible
interdependencies in Europe by adding nuances and meanings that are as yet little explored. Findings relate
to the EU 2020 headline targets by providing further evidence of how heterogeneous the magnitude ofpoverty responses to such inequality developments is across European economies, they suggest that390

poverty reduction may be significantly improved through distributional policies. Evidence has been provided
that intra-EU inequalities have a pro-cyclical character, where the transmission of a change in Eurozone
economic performances into the extent of income inequality is statistically significant. In terms of the
dynamics between monetary policy and income distribution, results suggest that monetary shocks aretransmitted relatively rapidly, and often get amplified as they travel from the Leading European countries tothe Eurozone.

Merging Automated Fare Collection and Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Forecast Short-term
Passenger DemandProf. Seyedehsan Seyedabrishami1, Dr. Ali Mohades Deylami2, Vajih Amini1, Maryam Iranmanesh1
1

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, 2Faculty of computer
Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

S63-S1 Public transportation and big data: data processing and valuation
MILC_Room 310, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Common goods and new local development process. The relevance of Community-Based Enterprises in
Italy
Dr. Jacopo Sforzi1
1

EURICSE (European Research Institute on Cooperative and Social Enterprises), Trento, Italy

S20-S1 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Public Preferences for Redistribution and Voting Behavior: Comparative Study
Dr. Chen Sharony1, Prof. Shlomo Mizrahi2, Prof. Miki Malul1
1

Ben-Gurion University Of The Negev, , Israel, 2University if Haifa, , Israel

G22-O1 Institutions
IUT_Room 303, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
What are the factors affecting the gap between preferences for income redistribution and policy? Public
preferences and policy are not in agreement in this field in some countries. This study compares
preferences for redistribution and voting in OECD countries.
Previous studies dealt with identity politics, by which people base their political position on the interests ofthe social group with which they identify. However, few studies looked at the level of consistency between
public preferences and election results.
This is a comparative study that used panel data from 24 OECD countries and compared the distribution ofpreferences for income redistribution and the distribution of election results between 1998 and 2013.
Public preferences were measured by value surveys (ESS, ISSP). Election results were coded by "socio391

economic policy position left-right scale". The study had 2 phases: 1. measuring the gap between public
preference and election results using chi-square test for comparing both distributions. We used sum ofsquares to assess the gap level; 2. Panel regressions assessing the factors affecting this gap. The proposed
factors are: social capital, ethnic heterogeneity, and government effectiveness and corruption.
The main finding is that none of the countries in any of the years had significant results. That is, thedistributions of redistribution preferences and voting were always different. In addition, the countries that
had a larger gap between preferences and voting were: Greece, Ireland, France, Portugal, and Japan. The
countries that had a small gap were: Denmark, Sweden, Netherlands, Norway, and New Zealand. In thesecond step, the only factor that had significant effect on the gap was government effectiveness andcorruption.
The main finding is compatible with identity politics theories and with previous studies showing
incongruence between preferences and voting behavior. Most of the countries that had a large gap belong
to the Mediterranean welfare model. This model is characterized by over-use of the welfare system and by
Clientelism, which means use of the welfare system by politicians for political means. In this situation it is
not surprising to find a gap between redistribution preferences and voting behavior. This is also in line withthe finding that the main factor affecting the gap is government effectiveness and corruption. If the public
perceives the welfare system as corrupt, or as a system that serves only certain (political) groups, people
can become indifferent and so it is less likely that they would vote according to their preference.

The Impact of Regional Science on Urban and Regional Planning
Prof. Daniel Shefer1
1

Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

S01-S1 Regional Science Footprints of Walter Isard
IUT_Room Amphi 10, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper briefly traces the impact of regional science on urban and regional planning in the past sixty
years. Significant milestones in the transformation of urban and regional planning activity, from primarily
physical land use planning to a multi-dimensional activity involving sophisticated analytical tools arepresented. This paradigm change reviled itself by replacing macro analysis with microanalysis, stressing theimportance of inter-connectivity between economic agents and human behavior (agglomeration andclustering). The multi-dimensional analyses and evaluation of socio-economic and environmental issues
impacting welfare of people revealed itself in the arrangement and control of land uses in space. In order toaccommodate a growing number of people who choose to settle in urban regions, it is necessary to provide
them with adequate infrastructure – housing, employment, transportation (accessibility), health andeducational facilities and more. At the same time in order to maintain a high quality of life, it is necessary toprotect the environment and reduce congestion and pollution in urban areas. Regional science tools andtechniques are sin-qua-non in accomplishing these urban and regional planning objectives.

Evaluating the Economic Impacts of Environmentally Friendly Vehicles on the Regional Economy in Japan
Dr. Hiroyuki Shibusawa1
1

Toyohashi Univ. Of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan

G24-O5 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Environmental friendly vehicles have economic and environmental benefits. In the past decade, theautomotive industry has experienced a technical innovation. As part of the country’s economic recovery
392

policies, Japan has subsidized vehicles having a significant positive impact on the environment. Thoughconventional pet-rol cars are included in the models entitled to subsidy, hybrid vehicles are the main focusof this policy. Hybrid vehicles are a type of next-generation vehicles, which also include electric vehicles,
bio-ethanol vehicles, and fuel-cell vehicles. Factors underlying the advent of next-generation vehicles
include the prevention of global warming accompanied by carbon oxide reduction as well as energy saving
measures. On the one hand, next-generation vehicles have been used as an eco-nomic policy tool toencourage recovery following the worldwide recession caused by the collapse of Lehman Brothers;
however, even after such revival measures, new policies are expected to be developed to promote thesevehicles in response to inherent environmental issues.
This paper focuses on the economic effects of the shift in the production technology used for nextgeneration vehicles. Specifically, we use input–output analy-sis to derive the production inducement
coefficients for conventional vehicles and next-generation vehicles. Furthermore, we also identify the
impact of increased production in hybrid and electric vehicles at both the national and regional levels.
Shibusawa and Sugawara (2011, 2013) conducted effect analyses on the produc-tion of next-generation
vehicles using the input–output tables for Japan. Shi-busawa and Xu (2013) compared the effects of the
production of next¬-generation vehicles in Japan and China. This paper analyzes the impact of the shift inproduction from conventional vehicles to hybrid and electric vehicles on the Japanese economy and its
individual regions. A key aspect of this study is that it identifies the impact of technological changes in
automobile production (i.e. in the produc-tion shift from internal combustion engines to electric motors andbatteries) on the industry at the national and regional levels by considering these technological changes aschanges in the input coefficient of the input–output model.

Proposal and evaluation of the flood risk management using the new insurance system for flood damage
combined with flood control
Dr. Hiroaki Shirayanagi1, Prof Yukisada Kitamura2, Mr. Ryo Hirako3
1

Setsunan University Of Science And Engineering Course, Neyagawa City, Japan, 2Osaka Prefecture University College ofTechnology Civil engineering and Environment Course Department of technological systems, Neyagawa City, Japan,
3
Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto City, Japan

G20-O2 Social Innovation for Resilient Regions
IUT_Room 203, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In recent years, frequent extreme weather conditions have led to enormous economic and social loss allover the world. In Japan, the river-flooded area accounts for only 10% of the land, but 50% of Japan’s
population lives on such land and the assets in this area account for 75% of Japan’s assets. Therefore, thedamage caused by torrential rain and typhoons is very extensive in terms of humans and assets. To help
reduce these damages, flood countermeasures such as widening the river channel have been implemented,
but as the population decreases and infrastructure renewal efforts become concentrated, theseconventional flood countermeasures will be more difficult to implement in the future.
In this study, we suggest a new flood insurance system by combining flood countermeasures as a risk
control method and flood insurance as a risk finance method, based on the current situation and problems
surrounding flood disaster risk management in Japan.
In this system, a portion of the flood control project costs is covered by insurance product sales, so people
who have losses due to flood damage are able to receive flood insurance payments if unanticipated flood
damage is suffered. At the same time, inhabitants in disaster areas will benefit from damage relief
implemented through the flood control project. Finally, this system is expected to reinforce resilience fromflood damage in a flood disaster area.
As an example, we calculated the flood insurance fee based on the condition that 20% of the insurance
product sales are assigned to the flood control project and all households purchase insurance that expires in393

100 years, to target the flood damage caused by heavy torrential rains that occurred in some areas of
Neyagawa City in Osaka prefecture. This insurance fee per household was calculated to be approximately
20,000 yen (160 EUR) per year. We also show that the total value of insurance products will rise even if theinsurance fee increases, because it is possible to promote disaster prevention and reduction by allocating
funds to the flood control project.

Everyday spatiality in Swedish cities: What can we learn from mobile phone data?
Dr Ian Shuttleworth1, Dr John Osth2, Dr Marina Toger2
1

Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom, 22, Uppsala, Sweden

S33-S1 Modelling place attractiveness in the era of Big and Open data
MILC_Room 310, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The increasing availability of phone data means that it is possible to assess the mobility and interactions ofpeople in different places on a variety of geographical and temporal scales. This presentation extends
earlier work in this tradition that considered spatial segregation in Swedish cities (Östh et al 2018) bylooking at the mobility experiences of phones originating from different types of home area by income,ethnicity, and housing type. The substantive context of the work is simple: social unrest in some parts of
Swedish cities has been attributed to marginalisation, social exclusion, and spatial isolation just as have
similar events in other countries. The presentation therefore seeks to explore whether phones from localeswith high degrees of social deprivation, high concentrations of ethnic minority populations, or recent
experiences of unrest behave differently on average than phones from more affluent neighbourhoods. The
hypothesis to be tested is whether individuals from these areas are less spatially mobile than their peers inother types of place. The analysis, besides assessing average behaviour for different places, also considers
heterogeneity in daily mobilities to compare the distribution of daily distances travelled by individuals fromless affluent places with those from more affluent locales so as to look at variation between people as well
as places. The results on mobility are related to various social, demographic and political indicators to test
whether mobility (and immobility) work in the ways which are often assumed.

Spatial and Morphological Evolution Analysis and Classification of Urban Large Plots-A Case Study of theHistorical City of Tainan, Taiwan
Ms Yan Ciao Sie1
1

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

G10-O3 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Understanding urban with urban morphology helps to propose a management of the urban landscapewhich is based on the development of history. This study explores the "plot" which is an important elementsof urban morphology, and taking Tainan which is a historical city of Taiwan as a study area. It observes andanalyzes the spatial distribution and morphological evolution of the 1920-2016 plots. In Taiwan, thehistorical cities are less observed from the plots. Additionally, a plot are also the unit of land use andcontrol, affecting the development of the surface. It connect to the establishment of the landscape andurban functions. The larger the plot is, the greater it influence.Therefore, in the face of a city that isdeveloping faster and faster, it is helpful to provide a reference for urban landscape management bysummarizing the characteristics of urban large plots and surrounding plots.

394This study analyzes the overall plots in different periods by spatial auto-correlation analysis and percentage
rating analysis, to find out the spatial aggregated and characteristics of the large plots. Calculating theopenness and compactness of the large plots to analyze the cutting situation in different periods. Then
using the town-plan analysis of Conzenian to observe how the large plots are affected by complexes of planelements (plots, streets and town plan), building types and land use. Finally, it examines the morphologicalevolution and classification principle of urban large plots and surrounding plots based on land ownership. As
a result, we can know which types of large plots are most possibly developed or need to be protected. Sothat they can be used as the basic information for urban design guidelines, land use control anddevelopment proposals, to manage urban landscape.

Oh, East is East, and West is West: A spatial look at the price convergence among the EU member states
Dr. Boriss Siliverstovs1
1

Bank of Latvia, Riga, Latvia

G11-O1 Spatial Econometrics
MILC_Room 309, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
We suggest a novel approach to monitor price level convergence based on the spatial filtering of the data.
We capitalise on the observation that the inclusion of the Eastern European Countries (EECs) into the EU
had the following consequences:1)
created a large group of homogeneous EEC countries with standards of living (initially much) lower
than that of the Western European countries (WECs);2)
distorted the prevailing pattern of spatial correlation among the incumbent EU countries comparedto the sample of WECs.
These two facts resulted in overestimation of the degree of spatial correlation for the EU as a whole
compared to that when estimated only for Western European countries before the EU Eastern Enlargement.
The convergence (catch-up) process is expected to manifest itself in bringing the pattern of the spatial
correlation back to normal through the following channels:
1)
by making EECs more heterogeneous among themselves;2)
by making EECs more homogeneous with respect to WECs.
We test our hypothesis by using price indices in Purchasing Power Parity for 37 separate consumption
analytical categories for EU 28 countries collected by Eurostat. The data set covers the period 1999-2017.
We use the Bayesian Spatial Error Model of De Oliveira and Song (2008) to assess the evolution of spatial
correlation over the time period in question. Our simulation evidence as well as empirical results support
our hypothesis.
Our main finding is that except for a few consumption good sub-categories the convergence process of theEastern European countries to the level of the incumbent member states is not over yet.

The Spatial Association between Drugs and Urban Violence: Evidence from Brazilian Neighborhoods
Dr. Raul Silveira Neto1, Dr. Diego Silva2, Mr. Filipe Cavalcanti1, Mr. Filipe Miranda11Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil, 2Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

G15-O3 Segregation, Social and Spatial Inequalities
IUT_Room 205, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Although it is amply recognized that part important of the very high levels of urban Brazilian violence isassociated with drugs traffic, formal and rigorous investigation is rare and almost inexistent when the focus
395

are urban neighborhoods. In fact, the available evidence about the association between drugs traffic andconsumption and violence is solely based on across cities comparison and consider basically violence
associated with homicide. Using a unique data set of 261 Recife Metropolitan Region neighborhoods andspatial econometric models (SLX, SDM and SDEM), the paper presents evidence about a strong and robust
spatial association between drugs traffic and consumption and urban violence. The investigation brings at
least three contributions to the literature. First, since the violence occurs spatially concentrated withincities, different from previous studies in Brazil, we study the association between drugs and urban violenceusing neighborhoods and not cities. Second, different from previous investigations, we use distinct
indicators of urban violence, such as robbery and physical assault, and not only homicide rates. Finally, even
if it is not possible to guarantee that our estimated associations between drugs and urban violence
represent causal relationships, we were able to consider an unique large set of covariates that, together
with spatial econometrics models, certainty turns endogeneity problems much less important. The set ofcontrols includes not only traditional socioeconomic local conditionings of violence, but also, for example,
the presence of slums and bar and restaurants activities in the neighborhoods. The set of evidence indicates
positive and robust association between drugs traffic and consumption and all the indicators of urban
violence (for example, the homicide rate elasticity related to drugs traffic rate is around 0.34). Thus,
different from previous evidence obtained using sample of cities, urban violence in Brazil appears strongly
associated with both the drugs traffic and consumption channels.

Urban Structure of Brazilian Metropolitan Regions: Identification and Characterization of Employment
Sub-Centers
Dr. Raul Silveira Neto1, Mr Flávio Rodrigues1, Dra Roberta Rocha1
1Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

G12-O4 Location of Economic Activityy
MILC_Room 310, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Although its average income stage, the urbanization process in Brazil is extremely advanced, being thepercentage of population living in cities around 85%. Different from the situation of developed countries,
this very quick urbanization leaded to the presence of housing informality and lacking provision of public
transport and household infrastructure. These factors appear fundamental for understanding the urban
structure of the cities and may imply distinctive characteristics. Very few researches, however, have
explored the characteristics of Brazilian cities and metropolitan regions, being the available evidence
focused on specific cities. The objective of this work is, thus, to characterize the urban structure of the mostimportant Brazilian metropolitan regions of the most populous macro regions of the country (São Paulo, Riode Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Salvador, and Recife) by identifying the presence of sub-centers and pointing out
their distinctive aspects related to the main CBDs. The research applies the methodology proposed by
McMillen (2001), based on semi-parametric estimation, to an unique dataset of geocoded information of
the precise locations of firms and employment. The set of evidence indicates that, in general, Brazilian
metropolitan regions present urban structures more similar to those of US cities than to the ones present inEuropeans urban centers, with the employment more concentrated relative to the population but also with
important presence of important number of sub-centers (McMillen, 2001; Khrel, 2018). The results also
indicate regional important differences: while the decentralization in the sub-centers of employment isstronger in the richest metropolitan regions of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, in the northeastern
metropolitan regions of Recife and Salvador the CBDs are relatively more important and the number of subcenters is smaller. These results are consistent with both the higher commuting time of the two first biggest
metropolitan centers and with the more deficient provision of public transport and household infrastructurein the last two metropolitan regions.
396

Governance and institutions at the EU’s eastern border: how to become resilient when multiple internaland external shocks occur?
Dr. Ramona Tiganasu1, Dr. Loredana Simionov1
1

Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania

G22-O1 Institutions
IUT_Room 303, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The analysis of resilience can outline the vulnerabilities within a system in relation to various types of shocks(natural disasters, climate change, social and economic crisis, wars etc.), which may further explain its
capacity to resist, to recover and to transform by adopting a new growth and development pattern. In
particular, the resilience approach can capture the weaknesses of the systems characterised by instability,
insecurity, institutional weaknesses and structural fragilities, as well as inefficient governance, thus offeringa scientific basis for the design of public policies. An investigation of resilience capacity from institutional
perspective should provide a system evaluation of the current situation in the EU’s eastern part, defined bypolitical and economic crisis, the globalisation effects, the structural changes in the economy and society,the continuing search for reliable adaptability to a changing geopolitical environment, where the coreperiphery relations on the European continent are repositioned in the context of a new power equilibrium
between EU and Russia. Considering these aspects, the main purpose of the research is to identify which
vulnerabilities caused delays in the development of EU’s eastern border countries (Romania, Republic ofMoldova, Ukraine) and also a considerably slow progress through the implemented reforms. The paper will
also examine to what extent the governance type in these states is dependent on the informal institutions,and how this fact influences the growth. To better capture the resilience capacity of these countries, will bedone a reporting to the developed countries of the EU (it is also important to outline the differences interms of resilience between EU and non-EU Member States). The addressed issues will be presented in a
dynamic manner (ante and post-global crisis from 2007/2009) and the research methods used will include
qualitative, comparative and empirical analysis. In the same time, using GIS (Geographical Information
Systems), some resilience maps will be designed. Such analysis can help to propose adequate measures inorder to increase resilience capacity, reinforcing cross-border cooperation and enhancing eastern
economies’ convergence.

How the drivers of labour mobility differ over industry life-cycle?
Dr. Jaakko Simonen1, Mr. Santtu Karhinen1,2, Dr. Rauli Svento1, Dr. Philip McCann3
1

Oulu Business School, Oulu, Finland, 2Finnish Environment Institute, Oulu, Finland, 3Sheffield University Management
School, Sheffield, United Kingdom

S41-S4 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Current literature provides very few empirical studies where labour mobility has been clearly linked to thespatial distribution of activities, especially over the industry life cycle. In this paper we analyse how regionalfeatures, e. g. regional amenities, industrial structures as well as individual characteristics of employees
affect regional labour mobility along the industry life-cycles of high technology sector. In order to do this,
we employ panel data on the regional and industrial labour mobility of the Finnish high technology firms
and regional economies. Our findings show that structure of the high technology sector as well as regional
economic and amenity variables and individual characteristics of employees have an influence on the397migration decisions of the high technology workers, although their roles vary in within-region and acrossregion mobility as well as at the different stages of the industry life-cycles. Moreover, the role of regional
economic factors are analysed from the point of view of the origin and receiving region.

Creative destruction and creative resilience – Sudden structural change in the Oulu region
Dr. Jaakko Simonen1, Mr. Johannes Herala2, Dr. Rauli Svento2
1

Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Finland, 2Helsinki-Uusimaa Regional Council, Helsinki, Finland

S40-S2 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?, IUT_Room 203, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
At the start of this millennium, the city of Oulu and the surrounding region were a hub of mobile technology
development. The high technology industry, led by Nokia Corporation, employed almost 14 000 people,
representing 16 % of total employment in the region. After 2001, high technology employment declined byabout 3 000 people until 2011. Recently, however, the sector has recovered quite significantly, and it
currently employs approximately 13 000 – 14 000 people. In this paper, we analyse the recent developmentof the high technology sector in the Oulu region from the viewpoint of regional resilience. Utilizing bothquantitative and qualitative data, we survey and describe the main aspects of the sudden structural change
in Oulu region, particularly its effects on employment. In addition, and importantly, we explore the content
and effects of some policy measures designed to alleviate the adverse effects of the structural change.
According to our results, the Oulu region has recovered well from the ‘Nokia shock’ and has a good
possibility of reaching the pre-shock growth rates. We argue that rapid recovering from the structuralchange has resulted from an efficient combination of creative destruction and correctly allocated policy
measures.

How to win the voters hearts in city elections?
Ms. Zofia Sincakova1, Mr. Oto Hudec1
1

Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia

G06-O2 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
City elections are related to the bottom up choosing, what kind of government and urban policies thecitizens prefer and wish to see put into practice. The traditional concept of urban management considers
free elections as a proof of democratic lawfulness. However, legitimacy depends on the local government’s
capacity to meet citizens’ needs and to keep election promises. Signs of increasing mistrust of government,
undermining its legitimacy to govern, are ever more evident all over the world. Activists and citizens call forthe modernisation of the local government towards more participatory democracy. Obviously, participatory
citizenship does not end with the participation in elections and represents instead a chief learning process
for local governments, calling for open communication.
Various scandals including corruption have also hit the Slovak political scene in the second decade of the
21st century. The feeling of frustration and helplessness have stirred up among the people manifested in
the lower turnout rates in the local elections. Among all Visegrad countries, the highest distrust in politicalparties is in the Slovak Republic (IVO, 2017). In recent elections, the phenomena of the independent(nonpartisan) candidates appeared in several countries (e.g. Ireland, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic),
representing people of various backgrounds. Many former members of political parties decided to distancethemselves from political parties and to act as independent candidates or activists. A number of newelectoral candidates have emerged as a new wave of activists. The topics highlighted by the activists areprimarily focused on the transparency, environment and community life. In comparison to partisan
398

candidates, they can do much better to open dialogue and reach out to the citizens, also thanks to social
networks.
Even if the topic of transparency seems to resonate in public and media the most, it is not yet confirmed,
what are the main factors of higher transparency in cities. The proposed model examines how the politicalparty affiliation matters in transparency (socio-demographic, financial, political). Discussion about the local
political shift from the party to the anti-partition spectrum is raised, in order to reveal if it is not only theway to win the voters heart. The preliminary results of the research have shown the relationship with thesize of the cities and non-partisanship of the candidates. Further research investigates a wide variety ofother factors as well.

Resilience as Adaptation: Measures and signals for the re-balancing of regional industry employment
structure in small U.S. counties
Dr. Timothy Slaper1
1

Indiana University, Bloomington, United States

S28-S1 Applying a Complex Adaptive Systems Approach to Regional Economics: big data, network analysis,
and computational theory
MILC_Room 310, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Regional economies are complex systems subject to perturbations – shocks. One element of a region’s
economic resilience is evidence of, or capacity for, adapting to shocks. Researchers have cautioned that a
shock to a regional economy may displace a region from a growth or recovery trajectory and may erode aregion’s ability for adaptation. Thus, if there are metrics and signals for hysteresis, either the event or its
aftermath, the need for, and the design of, interventions to mitigate the economic consequences would be
more timely and effective.
We adopt an alternative calculation for the recovery phase. This method not only smooths jagged
employment paths, but also provides the inputs for calculating the industry contribution to the recovery,
indicates the degree to which a region has adapted its industry structure over time and whether a region
has undergone a hysteresis event. We propose measures to provide insight to the adaptation narrative. The
skew of contribution-to-recovery is modestly correlated with growth.
Statistical analysis using 1474 small U.S. counties suggests that peak, trough and recovery phases and levels
are associated employment growth. Sources of income play a role in regional resiliency. Wage and salary
income is positively related. Transfer payments, however, serve a dampening effect on drop, but a drageffect on recovery.

The Relevance of Resiliency Concepts and Measures: The experience of U.S. counties and the challenge oftheory and practiceDr. Timothy Slaper1
1

Indiana University, Bloomington, United States

S40-S5 Regional Resilience: How can regions survive?
IUT_Room 203, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Using the experience of some 3100 U.S. counties as a practical guidepost, this paper slightly recasts salient
concepts and measures of economic resilience. The paper proposes what to measure and how to measure399

the phases of resilience given the experience of the Great Recession and the recovery across U.S. regions do
not lend themselves to a standard template of shock, drop and recovery-to-trend employment growth.
Using several unique experiences of selected counties, we make the case for greater flexibility inconceptualizing and measuring the phases of economic shocks and the following recovery or, often, a maladaptive hysteresis condition.
We configure the concept and measurement of recovery – trough to expected trend – into 2 parts for bothconceptual and measurement relevance. A strong motivation for which is, as of 2016, a vast majority of U.S.
regions had not recover to the expected trend. We apply and calculate these measures for all U.S. counties
using BLS data from 2002 through 2016.
We statistically assess the relationships of these measures with respect to other measures of economic
performance, industry structure and other regional characteristics. We find that the statistical associations
do vary depending on the regions’ scale and rurality. We find that the presence and growth of industry
clusters is positively associated with resilience, both drop and return-to-peak. The proportion income fromtransfer payments – social security and disability – has a negative relationship with both drop and return tothe pre-recession peak. The proportion of shock prone industries has a negative relationship with thereturn-to-peak, no doubt because those industries are subject to price and volume shocks outside theregion and nation. Surprisingly, the Shannon diversity variable, typically having a negative and significant
relationship with employment growth was not statistically significant for drop or return-to-peak.

New jobs in the region: who fills them?
Dr. Martijn Smit1,2
1

Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

S11-S1 The regional socio-economic impact of the 4th industrial revolution, UdL_Room 104, August 28, 2019,2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The traditional approach to new economic activities in a region is that of inmigrating firms. Such firms basetheir deployment on a number of factors, including market access and the availability of resources; theyoften add to the existing sectors in a region. The young field of evolutionary economic geography focusesinstead on new sectors branching out from existing sectors. Such intersectoral mobility is likely to increase
given technological progress. Still, these new sectors can only start and grow by using existing capabilities ina region, getting employees from other sectors or other regions. Employees and their knowledge are crucial
in enabling or at least permitting the birth of new sectors in a region. We focus on the sources for
employees in new sectors (i.e., not previously present in a region). Where do these employees come from –which sector, and which region? We use data on all employees and firms in the Netherlands over a period ofseveral years to visualise the birth of new sectors in labour market areas, and we then analyse theprobability an employee will be part of such a birth, depending on their characteristics.

Do cities satisfy human needs better? Towards a people-centred theory of agglomeration
Ali Sobhani1, Rodrigo Cardoso1, Evert Meijers1
1

Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands

G04-O9 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
400

Cities are centres of socioeconomic, technological and cultural development and for centuries people haveflocked to cities to enjoy the benefits of urban agglomeration. However, even though cities precede
capitalist economies and the generative effects of agglomeration go beyond mere economic growth, theliterature on agglomeration theory mostly takes the perspective of firms and the scale and network
mechanisms that allow them to thrive in cities. People and households appear, but as beneficiaries of theadded productivity and income enabled by urban agglomeration. Advocating a people-centred
agglomeration theory, this paper sees cities as elevators to more than economic progress and asks whether
fundamental human needs are also better catered for in cities. Recent theories of human needs see them as
finite and universal, while their potential satisfiers are transient and culturally defined. The implication isthat some of these satisfiers may be specific to cities, especially in developing countries with strong urbanrural contrasts, which may stimulate urban migration. In other words, the question is whether there are‘agglomeration economies’ also at work towards the satisfaction of human needs in cities, raising themfrom otherwise minimal levels of satisfaction due to the urban confluence of bigger quantity, better quality
and greater choice of opportunities and amenities. The paper evaluates which satisfiers are only possible incities (agglomeration benefits) and explores the correlate urban dissatisfiers (agglomeration costs). We
frame human needs not only as individual states of being but also as impulses for individual and collective
doing and capacities for having and interacting within a given ecosystem – e.g. a city. Therefore, we
introduce moral, political, economic and social frameworks to highlight the prerequisites that must be inplace to improve human need satisfaction in cities. By revisiting the original tenets of agglomeration theory,
we propose new lines for need-based urban planning and policy practices.

International Comparative Study and Implications of Local Government Empty House Municipal
Ordinances
Mrs Won-im Jung1, Mr Young-ok Son1, Dr Jumong Na1
1

Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

G06-O2 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM

This study examines Japan's central and municipal government legal system regarding empty houses, anduses a comparative perspective to derive implications to solve South Korea’s empty house problem.
South Korea and Japan are facing very similar social problems. Population changes in Japan, which ischaracterized by low fertility and aging society have resulted in empty houses in both urban and rural areas.
According to the Population and Housing Census of the National Statistical Office, the number of empty
houses in South Korea is 1,086,919 households, exceeding a million households for the first time in history.
Empty houses in urban areas vary widely. However, detailed and comprehensive survey of empty houses
and the management system for empty houses are at a marginal level. Especially in the residential areas ofold downtown areas, population decrease, population outflow, and delays in maintenance work haveaccelerated the occurrence of empty houses, and the phenomenon has been neglected.
Empty houses in Japan account for 13.5% of the total number of houses with 8,200,000 households, andempty houses are estimated to increase every year. Therefore, the central government enacted the "Special
Measures for the Promotion of Empty Houses and Other Measures" in 2015, and reorganized the
management system for empty houses.
In South Korea, the management system for empty houses is vague and ambiguous, while the central
government and municipal government legal systems in Japan are strictly followed with administrative vigor
through empty house ordinances, in accordance with the provisions of the Act on Special Cases relating to
Empty Houses.
401

Living labs in the Moroccan context: what contribution to reducing territorial disparities?
Mr Elbroumi Soufiane1, Mr Ed-Dahmouny Hicham2
1

Faculty Of Economics Of Fez, Fez, Morocco, 2Faculty Of Economics Of Fez, Fez, Morocco

S12-S1 Socio-spatial equity in the light of post-industrial restructuring, modeling exercises in Africa and Asia
IUT_Room 205, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The current challenges and transformations calls for a creation of new ways, more sustainable to produce,
to live, to trade, to be and to think. As a result, new collective approaches have been emerged on several
continents that highlight the need to combine scientific knowledge and experiential knowledge. (Lévesque,2014, p 370)
In the first generation of experiments, we have seen formulas such as local productive systems, clusters andinnovative environments that combined technological innovation with organizational innovation wereexperimented towards the end of the 20th century, sometimes by public authorities, sometimes by local
governance instance, sometimes by mixed formulas that include these two levels. (Benko & Lipietz 2000, p
25)
Later, new experiences made it possible to go even further in the convergence of the knowledge economy
and social innovation. Inspired by various currents and research works dealing with open innovation,collective innovation and even collective intelligence, these experiences borrow from existing knowledge
and create new knowledge, with researchers, practitioners, users, public authorities and many others.
Stakeholders including function and representation vary from case to case. (Klein; 2016; p55)
We are interested in one of these experiences, those of Living Labs, an emerging form of social innovation,
which is attracting growing interest. Our research work aims to characterize the Living Lab concept and to
make it explicit in the Moroccan context as a form of social innovation by crystallizing the reflections on its
potential contribution to the reduction of territorial disparities. As a progress report, this paper will present
the provisional results of our research. First and foremost, we are interested in a literature review that puts
the existing one back on the map. We will give an inventory of the documentation in Morocco and its place
relative to the European case as a reference at the moment.
We will then present the perspectives of our scientific project for a topic treated for the first time in
Morocco and justified by the contrast currently experienced between economic growth and sustainable
inclusive development.

The Strong Tourism Sector in the Brazilian Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha: A good example ofeconomic well-Being
Poema Souza2, Prof. Andrea Melo11

Ufpe, Recife, Brazil, 2UFRPE, Recife, Brazil

G18-O2 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Tourism in Brazil has the potential for economic development due to the great number of attractions
throughout the country such as beautiful beaches, exuberant nature, historical and cultural aspects, among
others. The Brazilian Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, located in the Atlantic Ocean, has the tourism
sector as its main economic activity and its main tourist attractions are related to its natural resources ecotourism activities, adventure tourism, nautical tourism. Because it is an area of environmental
protection, the flow of tourists in the archipelago is largely controlled by government authorities, however,
it is the tourism sector that energizes the local economy. When we analyzed data from the Annual Social
Information Report (RAIS) on the generation of formal jobs linked to tourism activities in the Archipelago, it
402was found that tourism in 2017 accounted for 72.95% of jobs in the region and between 2013 -2017, theaverage growth rate of these jobs was 12% per year, while in Brazil, this rate was only 0.67%. per year. In
addition, we calculated the locational quotients of the tourism sector for Fernando de Noronha in 2017, thisQL assumed a value of 17.71. That is, Fernando de Noronha presented a high level of specialization in the
tourism sector equivalent to 17.71 times that observed in the Brazilian average. In addition to this analysisof the performance of occupations in the tourism sector, the present study aims to present the results of asurvey that was carried out locally with residents of the region about the perception of these citizens about
the importance of tourism in promoting well-being in Fernando de Noronha. Thus, with a total of 398
questionnaires applied and validated, more than 80% of the population claimed to be satisfied or verysatisfied with existing job opportunities and recognize the importance of tourism in creating such jobs. They
also responded, for the most part, that tourism promotes skills in the workforce and values thearchipelago's environmental assets. In this context, it was verified that 71.47% of the respondents declaredthemselves satisfied or very satisfied with the quality of life in Fernando de Noronha, while only 11.36%
were dissatisfied in some way. Therefore, we concluded that tourism is an important tool to promoteeconomic well-being in Fernando de Noronha and that even in the face of a Brazilian economic crisis,
tourism activities presented strong economic growth in the archipelago between 2013 and 2017.

The Effects of International Trade on Brazilian Income Inequality
Dr. Poema Isis de Souza1, Mrs. Juliana Souza2
1

UFRPE, Recife, Brazil, 2PADR-UFRPE, Recife, Brazil

G04-O4 Regional and Urban Development, IUT_Room 202, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper investigates the effects of trade openness on income inequality in Brazil between the years 2002
- 2014. In this period Brazil is marked by monetary stability, economic growth, trade openness andreduction of income inequality. So, the objective of this article is to demonstrate how trade openness iscorrelated with the distribution of income in the Brazilian economy. Therefore, as an indicator of tradeliberalization, we use the participation of exports and imports on Brazil's GDP and the dependent variables
adopted were the following: the Gini index; the ratio of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%; and the ratio of
the richest 10% to the poorest 40%. The econometric analysis was the panel models, by fixed and random
effects, using the Federative Units of Brazil as units of observations. In general, the results found were
statistically significant and indicated the existence of negative correlations between trade openness andincome inequality. Then, the high level of trade liberalization can contribute to the lower the income
inequalities in the country. There was a discrepancy between the Brazilian regions, where the South region
had lower indicators of income inequality and higher levels of trade openness. The Northeast region, on theother hand, presented the worst indicators of poverty and income inequality, and a lower degree of trade
openness in the country. It is concluded, therefore, that international trade can be an important tool in the
promotion of Brazilian social welfare, especially if there is an increase in trade liberalization in the poorest
regions, as is the case in the Northeast of the country.

A multilevel analysis of firm performance in emerging economies: The role of transport infrastructuresand logistics
Dr. Ada Spiru1, Prof. Angela Stefania Bergantino1, Dr. Claudia Capozza1
1

University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

G08-O1 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
403

The definition of an enterprise as a “black box” (Melitz, 2003) leads to continuously investigations byscholars for possible effects caused by internal and contextual factors of enterprises. Despite theimportance of internal characteristics in determining performance heterogeneity (Davis et al., 1996), further
investigation about the context in which firms operate is still required. Particularly, it has been asserted thatthe contextual factors affect aggregate performance. Nevertheless, these studies estimate the association
between the national context and macroeconomic performance rather than identify the causal effects of it
on firm performance (Commander et al., 2008).
The success or failure of the economies can be traced in large part to the performance of their enterprises(McMillan and Woodruff, 2002). Therefore, studying firms’ performance became important to explain theeconomies as a hole, especially in emerging ones, where national context might be very diversified andfirms operating are quite heterogeneous (Goldszmidt et al., 2011). This research is focused on a particular
aspect of the national context, recognizing the importance of “infrastructure as the platform for economic
activity” (EBRD, 2017) that positively affects economic growth (Calderón and Servén, 2004) especially for
emerging economies (Baum-Snow et al., 2017). Even though, there are not in-depth microeconomic
evidences that directly link country transport infrastructures endowment to firms’ performance
heterogeneity.
This study explores firm performance heterogeneity and its relationship with country transport
infrastructures endowment in East Europe and Central Asia using firm-level data from the fifth round of
BEEPS which covers 32 countries over the period 2012-2016. Due to the interaction at different levels of thefactors that influence firm performance, we deemed appropriate to study them in an integrated structure
through a multilevel approach (Srholec, 2011). We assess the impact of several factors on sales firms’
performance. Specifically, firm-level characteristics like size, age, export activity, foreign ownership andqualification of the labour force, are nested at the second level with country-factors such as macro-control
variables, transport infrastructure endowment – road, rail, port and airports – and logistic performanceindicators.
The empirical findings contribute to the literature on bringing micro-evidence that despite firms operating
in different countries have same characteristics, there is performance heterogeneity at country-level whichis partially explained by different country transport infrastructures endowment and logistics performance.
Moreover, we consider more inclusive transport infrastructures features that have not been yet jointly
explored in the microeconomic literature using the appropriate approach, the “intercept-as-outcome”
model.

Workplace segregation among employed with immigrant background versus natives in firms in Norway
Mr Lasse Sigbjørn Stambøl1
1

Statistics Norway, No-0131 Oslo, Norway

G15-O4 Segregation, Social and Spatial Inequalities
IUT_Room 205, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Abstract: This paper describes analysis of workplace segregation among employed with immigrantbackground versus natives in Norway. With political ambitions to achieve an improved integration of
immigrants in the society through lower segregation relatively to natives, we investigate how the
segregation at workplaces has evolved in a period from 2005 to 2015.
Immigrants’ participation in work is considered an important factor to be as integrated as possible in thesociety. However, participation in working life may reflects a necessary, but not necessarily a sufficient,condition for immigrants to be better integrated into a society. High or increasing accumulation of
immigrants in firms in some industries and regions does not necessarily reflect increased integration but
may have segregating effects despite a working relationship.
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We thus rise questions about the degree of homo- and heterogeneity in the composition of the workforce inthe firms, how this composition has evolved and whether we can observe an increasing or decreasing
workplace segregation among employed with immigrant background? Initially, all firms in Norway are
examined, but then specified to firms with both foreign and native employment, by their size, industry andregional localization. Employed immigrants are further specified by selected characteristics as gender, age,level of education, country background as well as their duration of residence in the host country.
As a methodological basis we use individual matched employer-employee data covering the entire
employment to investigate how workplace segregation has evolved between selected years. We use
different methods for analyzing the detailed data, but with most focuses on the D index, the dissimilarity
index, and in particularly cases also the Gini coefficient.
Preliminary results indicate a decline of workplace segregation when employed in all firms are included.
Despite an increase of firms with only immigrant workers, an even stronger decrease in the number of firms
with only native employed may reflect this finding. However, when the analysis is specified to firms thathave both foreign and native employed, the workplace segregation increases. Furthermore, male
immigrants show higher workplace segregation than female immigrants, segregation falls with increasing
educational level and with increasing duration of residence. Industries such as construction and businessservices contribute to increase workplace segregation, and immigrants from EU countries in East Europe
contribute to keep up segregation. Workplace segregation increases with declining regional centralization
generally, but when assuming firms with mixed foreign and native employment the regional differences are
more evenly distributed.

Capacitated facility location for regional ambulance emergency services: An analysis based on stochastic
coverage
Dr. Petra Staufer-Steinnocher1
1

WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria

G12-O1 Location of Economic Activity
MILC_Room 309, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Emergency medical services (EMS) are crucial parts of modern health care. Given its importance for themodern medical infrastructure, EMS and its service networks represent a well-studied field in operations
research. Recent studies pointed out that one of the remaining challenges in EMS is the factor of
uncertainty. In cooperation with a local Austrian ambulance service provider (ASP) our objective is to tackle
the factor of uncertainty by incorporating the stochastic nature of emergencies. In specific, we i) design andimplement a probabilistic demand model for the maximization of stochastic coverage, ii) compare results toa deterministic approach and iii) analyze implications for network capacities and travel times. In doing so,
we estimate a probability surface for a one-year operational data provided by the ASP using kernel density
function computation. We then specify a probabilistic demand model and design different coverage
scenarios, which we compare to prior research using a deterministic approach. Two of the designed
coverage scenarios are further subject to a capacitated network and travel time analyses. This research
illustrates that a stochastic demand model for maximizing coverage significantly differs from a deterministic
approach. Findings offer insights into how the factors of stochastic coverage, number of emergency service
stations (ESS), capacities needed, and ambulance travel times are linked.

405

The dynamic impact of monetary policy on regional housing prices in the US: Evidence based on factoraugmented vector autoregressions
Prof. Florian Huber1, Prof. Manfred M. Fischer2, Mr Michael Pfarrhofer1, Ms Petra Staufer-Steinocher2
1

University Of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria, 2WU Vienna, Vienna, Austria

S35-S1 Recent Advances in Spatial Econometrics and Big Data
MILC_Room 310, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In this study interest centers on regional differences in the response of housing prices to monetary policy
shocks in the US. We address this issue by analyzing monthly home price data for metropolitan regions
using a factor-augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR) model. Bayesian model estimation is based on
Gibbs sampling with Normal-Gamma shrinkage priors for the autoregressive coefficients and factor
loadings, while monetary policy shocks are identified using high-frequency surprises around policy
announcements as external instruments. The empirical results indicate that monetary policy actions
typically have sizeable and significant positive effects on regional housing prices, revealing differences inmagnitude and duration. The largest effects are observed in regions located in states on both the East andWest Coasts, notably California, Arizona and Florida.

Local Buzz or Global Pipelines: How India Pale Ale Conquered the Netherlands
Dr. Joep Steegmans1, Dr. Marc Schramm1, Prof. Neil Reid2
1

Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2University of Toledo, Toledo, United States

G07-O2 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The paper investigates the effects of geographic proximity and network linkages on product innovation in
the craft beer industry. We focus on craft breweries because of the collaborative culture of the industry,
which is highly regarded by most brewers, allowing knowledge to be easily disseminated. We apply theconceptual framework of local buzz and global pipelines; thereby, distinguishing between knowledge thatcan be acquired by simply being located in each other’s vicinity and knowledge that can only be acquired
through actively collaborating.
We use data on Dutch craft breweries over the period 2010-2018, which contain for instance the physicallocations of breweries and information on the beers brewed. Our data set contains 682 Dutch breweries
and 11,489 unique beers, among which 820 collaboration brews (when including aliases, we have 12,225
beers, among which 847 collaborations). The collaboration brews are of special interest as these allow us to
identify the so-called pipelines. Buzz is identified through regional clusters based on the location of thebreweries.
We estimate a regression model that quantifies the spread of new beer styles within the Dutch craft beermarket; that is, we analyze how new beer styles spread within the Dutch craft beer industry and to what
extent its diffusion can be contributed to local buzz and global pipelines. Of main interest is the expansionof India Pale Ale (IPA) through the market. We chose IPA because of its popularity among both craft brewers
and craft beer drinkers alike. It is also a style that has been the subject of significant innovation in recent
years, including the creation of new sub-styles. The spread of other increasingly popular beer styles, such as
imperial stouts, porters, and barley wines, are used for robustness purposes. We also check the robustnessof the results by defining local buzz and local clusters in terms of network linkages instead of geographic
proximity; that is, we define a network as being a member of the same brewery organization, etc.
406

Satellite and Wireless Broadband Service Complementarity and Substitutability in Lieu of Wired RuralInternet Service
Dr. Peter Stenberg1
1

ERS, Alexandria, United States

G01-R1 Cities, Regions and Digital Transformations
IUT_Room 404, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
It has always been expensive to deliver telecommunication services to rural and isolated households, but as
new broadband Internet technologies have been introduced that are both cheaper and more effective, theeconomic dynamics have changed. More rural areas have received the advanced broadband technologies,
but many rural areas are still perceived as offering the least in economic returns for private investment andhave not. Given the apparent benefits of the Internet, there are meaningful consequences for rural
households remaining without, or with lesser, broadband service. Wireless Internet has improved a great
deal over the last decade, but is it a solution to lack of universal rural service? Our research will besomewhat broad ranging at this point and constitute four questions: (1) the technical state of satellite andfixed and mobile wireless and how it fits into the rural broadband market, (2) how dependent are rural
areas on the (various aspects of the) Internet? Or what is the relationship between rural economies and theInternet? (3) Are wireless broadband systems substitutes or complements to hardwired systems? What
does substitute versus complement mean for rural households?

Does distance determine who is in higher education?
Elise Stenholt Sørensen1, Anders Kamp Høst2
1

University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark, 2Aalborg University, Copenhagen SV, Denmark

S46-S1 Recent Trends in Regional Socio-Economic Inequalities
IUT_Room 203, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This paper addresses how the location of higher education institutions affects regional human capitalinequality. More specifically we examine the following questions: Does distance to higher education
institutions act as a deterrent to enrollment, and thereby cause regional inequality in educational
outcomes? Are high school students from low socio-economic homes, more affected by longer distances?
And is the relationship between distance and enrollment more pronounced in some geographical regions ofDenmark? We employ Danish administrative data of high school students from 2006–2013 and find no
significant relationship between distance and the decision to enroll in higher education, after controlling forindividual and parental characteristics. The regional inequality in high school graduate’s educational choice,
are mainly due to regional differences in the parent’s education level. When we consider, that parents withhigher education typically locate in the bigger cities (with shorter distance to education), we find a very
weak relationship between distance and education, for a sub-group of the population: The results suggest asmall negative association between distance and enrollment among students in less-urban regions, infamilies where neither of their parents completed a higher education.

High spatial resolution traffic flow and emissions based on taxi GPS data in Bangkok, Thailand
Ms Manlika Sukitpaneenit1, Dr Marc E. J. Stettler1
1

Centre for Transport Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Imperial College London, London,
United Kingdom

407

S63-S1 Public transportation and big data: data processing and valuation
MILC_Room 310, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
A high spatial resolution traffic flow is an important input variable for vehicle emissions estimates andhealth impact assessments. Due to the limited number of fixed detectors on roads, it is a challenging task toestimate the traffic flow on the entire the road network. In this study, we demonstrate a methodology forpredicting traffic flow using the GPS data from public taxis (probe vehicles). The fundamental diagram,which describes the relationship between traffic flow, speed, and density, is applied in order to estimate theflow. Uncertainty in the estimated traffic flow is also quantified and propagated to uncertainties in vehicle
emissions estimates. The methodology is applied to a case study in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailandusing data from approximately 3,000 taxis, to estimate the average vehicle speed on each road segment. A
validation of the traffic flow estimates is performed for each road categories.

Performance Assessment of Chinese Super Cities by Means of Super-Efficient DEA
Soushi Suzuki1, Karima Kourtit2, Peter Nijkamp2
1

Hokkai-Gakuen University, Sapporo, Japan, 2JADS, s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands

G01-R1 Cities, Regions and Digital Transformations
IUT_Room 404, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Over the past decades, many Asian cities - especially, Chinese cities - have shared an unprecedented highdegree of economic and geographic-demographic dynamics. It is noteworthy however, that cities in thisregion display also much heterogeneity in terms of economic performance, technological innovativeness,
cultural profiles and spatial interaction. It is, therefore, interesting to develop an efficiency ranking of themulti-dimensional performance of these large cities so as to identify ‘super-cities’, whose economic andcultural achievements outperform others. The first aim of this paper is now to undertake a multi-faceted
performance ranking of 12 large cities in the Asian region, with a special focus on Chinese large cities, byusing of a Super-efficient DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). In this study, we consider 3 inputs and 2
outputs. Based on a large-scale data base and our analysis results, it appears that Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur,
Bangkok, Tokyo and Singapore may be regarded as a Super-efficient Cities. It also turns out that Osaka,
Shanghai, Beijing, Seoul, Fukuoka, Mumbai and Taipei manifest themselves as inefficient cities. In these
inefficient cities, there is clearly scope for improvement in performance, which requires of course an
efficiency enhancement strategy, depending on the choice of productive inputs and achievement levels. In
our modelling approach, we employ an efficiency-improving projection model, called a Distance Friction
Minimization (DFM) model in DEA. The DFM model is based on a generalized distance friction function andserves to improve the performance of a Decision-Making Unit by identifying the most appropriate
movement towards the efficiency frontier surface. To design a feasible and realistic improvement strategy
for low-efficiency cities, we develop a Target-Oriented (TO) DFM model, in order to generate an appropriate
efficiency-improvement projection model. The standard TO approach specifies a target-efficiency score(TES) for inefficient DMUs. Next, we also develop an objective target-setting model in our TO-DFM approachin DEA, named the Autoconfiguration Target (AT)-DFM model. This approach is able to compute an input
reduction value and an output increase value in order to achieve an autoconfiguration target-efficiency
score. The second aim of this paper is to apply this newly develop AT-DFM model with a fixed factor (FF)reflecting more realistic circumstances and requirements in an operational strategy for a feasible efficiency
improvement. The above-mentioned new AT-DFM-FF model will be applied in order to provide an
efficiency-improving projection for inefficiency enhancement of several large Asian cities, especially focusedon the Chinese cities.

408

The role of large enterprises in regional economies: case of Hungary
Dr. Mariann Szabó1, Dr. János Péter Kiss2
1

Budapest University Of Technology And Economics, Department of Environmental Economics, Budapest, Hungary,
Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Regional Science, Budapest, Hungary

2G12-O2 Location of Economic Activity
MILC_Room 310, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The race for urban places, as we face the increasing importance of city regions nowadays, the location
choice of enterprises as well as their embeddedness, effects on their surroundings are focal points analysing
regional development circumstances. Differences in the standard of living (or well-being of inhabitants),
income inequalities or any others represent particular interest, especially from the perspective of regional
economic theory. Nowadays we face the ascending importance of large enterprises (multinational andtransnational companies) in enhancing local/ regional development. Their distribution, spatial structure andthe level of how they enhance local economies varies to high extent among regions. A common
characteristic of the current economies, that the average productivity level of large enterprises exceeds thesmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) twice or thrice, contributing to the emergence of ‘dual
economy’ resulting the uneven distribution of economic performance. After the shift to market economy in
the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) the main driver of economic development has become the foreign
direct investment forming even higher level of inequalities than in the European average. In Hungary, after
the collapse of the Soviet system the structure of the economy concerning the distribution of different sizedenterprises has totally changed, too. Large enterprises (the range of TOP 500 companies by revenue) are in
charge for half of the gross domestic product, while they employ around 20% of the active population.
Parallel to this they operate in various industrial branches frequently dominating them, defining the spatial
structure, income generation characteristics of regional economies. During the last years less efforts havebeen made to analyse the effect of their distribution on local/regional level. Moreover, there aremethodological barriers to exploring their role in local economies as registers tend to consider exclusively
their seats. On one hand, in order to provide more accurate comprehension on their significance in forming
regional economic base our study is dedicated to determine their spatial distribution regarding not justseats but all locations. Demonstrating their distribution, assessing the sectoral diversity of the NUTS-3
regions and income inequality patterns we will provide an in-depth analysis of economic development in
Hungary.

Spatial patterns of labour force structure in Hungarian counties 2007-2015
Dr. Izabella Szakálné Kanó1, Marianna Sávai1
1

University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

G05-O6 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In today’s knowledge-based economy, human capital is gaining more and more importance. Especially incase of knowledge-intensive industries, it is crucial to have highly educated labour in place. In order to makethe right decisions, educational and regional policies also need well-based economic analysis on the
structure of the workforce and on changes of it.
On the one hand, regions with diverse labour force provide firms with skilled workers and they can also gain
advantage from knowledge spillovers of other firms. On the other hand, regions with less diverse labour
pool can offer advantages, which the firms benefit from in form of specialized local labour market,
specialized local value chains and intra-industry knowledge spillovers.
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In order to provide policymakers with a dynamic picture on the structure of the regional labour force, we
analyse data based on Standard Classification of Occupations on NUTS3 territorial level (counties) in
Hungary. Our goal is to gain this picture. In more detail, in our investigation, we apply dynamic Shift-shareanalysis on data between 2007 and 2015 to answer the following questions:1.
In which of the Hungarian counties were driven changes in the extent of workforce by changes innational workforce structure?
2.
In which of the Hungarian counties were affected changes in the extent of workforce by regional
characteristics?
3.
Which of the counties had the most and the least diverse labour pool?
According to our expectations, counties with higher education institutions had higher qualified humancapital, and in these counties workforce was affected mostly by their own regional characteristics. In othercounties these changes were driven by changes in national workforce structure. This picture could change intime, our goal is to investigate how.

Individual and institutional factors of competitiveness in the European Union regions
Prof. Laszlo Szerb1, Zsófia Fehér1, Dr. Krisztina Horváth1
1

University of Pécs, Pécs, HUNGARY

G08-O4 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Our study presents a new index, called Combined Regional Competitiveness Index (CRCI), measuring thecompetitiveness of 151 European Union regions. The aim of the new index is to explain differences in
economic growth. While it is generally believed that the basic unit of territorial competitiveness is the firm,
existing country level and regional competitiveness measures focus on the widely interpreted institutional
aspects of competitiveness and neglect individual (firm) level characteristics (Annoni 2016, Huggins 2003,2011). We have created a competitiveness index that combines together the firms’ individual competencies
and the regional institutional factors in a systemic way. These CRCI pillars and sub-indices reflect not only totheoretical constructs but also to the availability of data.
The new index comprises four sub-indices, nine pillars and 18 variables each representing a different aspectof the regional competitiveness. Intensity of competition sub-index reflects to two types of competitive
pressure one that is coming from existing businesses and the other is deriving from new entry. Growth andinternationalization strategy includes the firms’ generally interpreted growth and international aspirations.
In the Human capital sub-index, we incorporate the businesses’ level of education and training and theentrepreneurial abilities of the leader of the business. The Innovation sub-index reflects to the firms’
renewal capabilities. It measures the ability of create new technology, new product, and how firms canabsorb existing technology.
The cluster analysis shows that the three groups of the 151 EU regions prevail a wide varieties ofcompetitiveness profile based on the ten pillars of competitiveness. The regression analysis shows that theregional employment rate of CRCI has a positive effect on the gross added value per employee in the given
region. We can find that CRCI scores explain regional growth both in terms of value added andemployment. Moreover, institutional factors’ coefficients are found to be significantly positive in terms ofany performance metrics, individual factors have positive but insignificant effects.
Literature:
Huggins, R., & Williams, N. (2011). Entrepreneurship and regional competitiveness: The role and progressionof policy. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 23(9-10), 907-932.
Huggins, R. (2003). Creating a UK competitiveness index: regional and local benchmarking. Regional Studies,37(1), 89-96.
410

Historical distribution of regional economic activities
Prof. Takatoshi Tabuchi1
1

University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

G12-O2 Location of Economic Activity
MILC_Room 310, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The regional distribution of population is considered to be in proportion to the distribution of amount offood in preindustrial society of Japan. In fact, the correlation coefficient between the population and theamount of rice over 66 regions in 1834 is 0.845, implying that 71.4% of the population distribution is
explained only by the distribution of rice.
In modern society after the Industrial Revolution, however, agricultural goods have been getting
dominated by manufacturing goods and services. The former goods are normally produced in farmlands,
whereas the latter in cities due to the existence of agglomeration economies in production. That is, thedeterminant of the population distribution is not only the distribution of farmlands, but also the distributionof economic activities of manufacturing and services.
The manufacturing and service production is an agglomeration force, while agricultural one is a dispersion
force. The dispersion force is due to land. It is not only land for agricultural production (Krugman, 1991), butalso land for housing (Helpman, 1998). The dispersion force is exogenous First Nature such as land fertility,
flat land, and pleasant temperature. On the other hand, the agglomeration force is endogenous Second
Nature because they are determined by the distribution of economic activities such as market access andsupplier access (Redding and Venables, 2004).
Hence, we may simply hypothesize that the distribution of firms and households is determined byexogenous interregional distances and endogenous distributions of economic activities. Therefore, the main
objective of this paper is to explain the Second Nature by the First Nature. Specifically, the historical
population distribution in Japan may be explained by the First Nature of geographical variables such as theintraregional and interregional distances and the distribution of arable land and inhabitable areas.
For this purpose, we develop a multiregional NEG model based on Behrens, Lamorgese, Ottaviano, andTabuchi (2007) by introducing the housing sector. Linearizing the spatial equilibrium conditions, we derive aclosed form solution of the conditions, which is empirically testable. Using historical data of population andgeography attributes by prefecture in Japan, we show that the interplay between agglomeration anddispersion forces can be expressed by a single key parameter that describes the transition of historical
distribution of regional population from 1884 to 2017.

Analysis on the relationship between local public services and fertility in Korea
Ms Arim Tak1, Mr Chanyoung Lee1
1

Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, South Korea

G17-O2 Population, Migration and Mobility Behaviour
IUT_Room 101, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Low fertility has been emerging as an important issue in Korea. The total fertility was o.98 in 2018. Despite
considerable financial supports to encourage childbirth, the fertility rate is still on the decline. We areseriously aware of the problem of declining fertility rate and have been preparing countermeasures at
central and local levels. However, since the fertility rate can be influenced by socio-economic policy factors,
even if the effect of a particular policy is positive, it may be offset by other factors. Under thosecircumstances, this study analyzed the effect of public services and labor market conditions in the region on
411

the low fertility rate to find out the fundamental cause of the declining fertility rate. We used panel datafrom 16 metropolitan provinces and 188 municipal areas from 2003 to 2016. The results show that thebetter accessibility to childcare and the more stable working environment of women, it has positive impact
on childbirth. we found that the more number of infrastructures such as the number of medical
infrastructures, the number of social welfare facilities, and the number of cultural infrastructures, they havea positive effect on birth. Therefore, facing the problem of low fertility, we need to implement birth policy
to improve the overall quality of life rather than the policy providing quantitative incentive scheme.

How does natural disaster experience impact spatial structure of supply chain network?
Mr Keisuke Takano1
1

University Of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 2Hitotsubashi University, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan

G12-O4 Location of Economic Activityy
MILC_Room 310, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper investigates empirically the interrelationship between the perception of a forthcoming disasterrisk based on the actual disaster damage and the change in the spatial distribution of firm transactional
networks (supply chains) by examining the Nankai Trough area after the Great East Japan Earthquake in the
period 2009 to 2017. By adopting the propensity score matching and the difference-in-difference method,
the study estimates the effects of tsunami damage on the magnitude of the spatial concentration ordispersion of the supply chain network stemmed from risk perception, measured by the inverse of the
Herfindahl-Hirschman Index after 2011. The results show that the magnitude of the spatial concentration ordispersion of suppliers changes heterogeneously after 2011 largely dependent on firm size, which can
indicate the barrier of the capacity constraint toward the pre-disaster preparation.

Trade liberalization and productivity in traded and non-traded sectors
Prof. Yasuhiro Takarada1, Prof. Masafumi Tsubuku
1

Nanzan University, Nagoya, Japan

S42-S2 Causes and Effects of Regional Integration: Development of Local Economy via Mobility
IUT_Room 210, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper develops a trade model with heterogeneous firms in traded and non-traded sectors to analyze
the intra-industry effects of international trade. We consider how reduction in trade costs affects productswitching within traded and non-traded sectors and their productivity change through a reallocation of
resources between those sectors.

Berlin Calling - Regional Migration in Germany
Mr Michael Tamminga1,2, Mr Christian Rulff1,2, Prof. Dr. Thomas K. Bauer1,2,3
1Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany, 2RWI - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Essen, Germany, 3IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

S41-S2 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM

412

In Germany, being one of the oldest countries in the world, only surpassed by Japan, demographic change is
one of the defining social challenges in the coming decades. However, the process of demographic change isheterogeneous on the regional level and might be reinforced or mitigated by migration movements.
In order to understand this relationship, it is essential to analyze the drivers of migration patterns inGermany. Using innovative data containing every single migration movement between municipalities(NUTS-3) disaggregated by age-groups, based on administrative records between 2000 and 2015 for the firsttime; we are able to have a precise look on internal migration in Germany. By enriching this data with
regional economic information like GDP, unemployment rates, age-specific wages, and housing prices, we
can identify the relevant push and pull factors of internal migration over different stages in the life-course.
Another contribution to the existing literature concerning internal migration is the inclusion of housing
prices as a price index on a small regional level.
Using PPML gravity models, we are able to identify the predominant role of regional economic
considerations as drivers for internal migration in Germany, especially for the younger age-groups who are
the majority of interregional migrants. In particular as push factors, labor market considerations are themost powerful explanatory variables for interregional migration. Furthermore, by including the share of
persons in the same age group as the migrants as an explanatory variable, we can show, that internalmigrants of the same age groups indeed cluster in densely populated areas and reinforce the regional
heterogeneity of demographic change.

Productivity and Wide-Area Consolidation in Japanese Sewerage Industry
Dr. Tomoyasu Tanaka1
1

Kindai University, Higashi-osaka, Japan

S67-S1 Sustainability, water and energy use in the productive sectors: tourism, services, industry, agriculture
and administrations
MILC_Room 409, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In the latter half of the 1990s and early 2000s, mergers of municipalities were actively carried out in Japan,
and the number of municipalities decreased to about half. Sewerage operators which is owned by municipal
governments are no exception, consolidation has been promoted along with municipal merger. Recently, a
lot of sewerage operators have problems about aging of sewer facilities, decrease of staff, reduction ofrevenue from sewage charge and so on and it is getting difficult for sewerage operators to manage like thesame as before. Therefore, Japanese government promotes wide-area consolidation of sewerage operators
to solve these problems. It is thought that wide-area consolidation is a mean to aim for efficient operation.
Under these circumstances, in this paper, we analyze the effect of wide-area consolidation of sewerage
operators. We examine whether or not wide-area consolidation contributes to productivity increase of
sewerage operators. Firstly, we construct the panel dataset from FY2002 to FY2016 including consolidated
and non-consolidated sewerage operators. Secondly, we calculate total factor productivity (TFP) ofsewerage operator using the panel dataset. Finally, we examine whether or not wide-area consolidation has
a positive impact on total factor productivity (TFP). Through these analyses, we verify the effectiveness ofwide-area consolidation in sewerage industry.

The miseducation of public art: when art fail its inclusive objective
Dr. Maria Tartari1, Prof Sabrina Pedrini2
1

IULM Università, Milan, Milan, Italy, 2Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy

413

S20-S4 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In the last decade, the role of street art within the public space and their controversial relationship has beenbroadly investigated. European urban policy-makers increasingly utilize street art practices as planning tools
to foster social change and urban renewal in peripheral areas with the aim of improving the quality of life of
its inhabitants.
The shared sentiment within the academia sheds light mainly on the inclusive nature of these interventions,focusing on the successful results rather than seeing the big picture of such a complex scenario.
The present work aims to re-think on this debate extending the analysis on the harmful social impacts that
artistic practices might have on local hyper-diverse communities. Urban space and its commons, whenmanipulated for the sake of social order and control through the work of top-down commissioned creative
agents, might twist from relational goods born in its space to club goods with exclusionary effects. The
commodification of public spaces in fact can lead to brutal forms of exclusion and false forms ofparticipation.
Relying upon the analysis of national and international cases, we read an Italian case of commissioned
street art that took place in an emerging peripheral multi-ethnic area, in the light of The Loss of Place
Identity theory. Hence, we assess how negative spillovers, such as marginalization and social conflicts,
artistic intervention deployed.
We therefore advance behavioural patterns of integration and inclusion between public art practices andlocal communities in culture-based regeneration initiatives that can enter and shape the discourse on local
policies.
See extended abstract online.

The contribution of European Programs in Regional Development. The case of European Territorial
Cooperation - INTERREG V-A: Greece-Cyprus
Ms Vassiliki Delitheou, Mrs Mariarena Tasou1
1Panteion Univrsity, Athens, Greece

G21-O2 Innovation and Entrepreneurship
UdL_Room 106, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Nowadays the need for territorial cooperation becomes more and more significant, especially among the EU
Member States, which try to increase the competitiveness and their development. By identifying thatnecessity, EU put programs of Territorial Cooperation in place, named as INTERREG.
Since 1990, five programming periods of Interreg have succeeded. The last one is INTERREG V, which ends
in 2020. In that program, the Territorial Cooperation between Greece and Cyprus is included (Interreg V-A
Greece-Cyprus), which aims to support entrepreneurship and the usage of information and communication
technologies in order to increase competitiveness. The program was authorised by EU, on 27July 2015 withthe executive decision No: C(2015) 5319.
In particular, the program, aims to integrate all issues, relating to the environment, either in terms ofprotection against risks or in terms of promotion of the natural and cultural heritage. The region which
participate in that, are Nothern Aegean Region, Crete Region, Southern Aegean Region and Cyprus (wholecountry). The data of the present abstract are collected, from sources like, the official site of European
Commission, published reports and interviews from Greek and Cypriot press.
As far as the numbers are concerned, until the end of 2017, 32 projects have been allocated to the program,gathering €48.82 million, activating the 80% of its sources. It is significant to be noticed that since therevision of the program (2016), the total sources running at €64.560.486, of which €54.876.411 (85%)
414

comes from European Regional Development Fund and €9.264.075 (15%) funded from National sourcesfrom Greece and Cyprus.
The evaluations which carry out every year, ameliorate the effectiveness of the program. According to thelast evaluation, in 2017, there is scope for significant improvement in the expedition of integration,
contractualisation, absorption and in certification of expenses of the projects. Cyprus reports more
flexibility in projects accomplishment, thanks to the simplified procedures, in comparison with Greece. The
procedures in Greece procrastinate due to the complexity of the legal framework.
At the present article, there will be displayed the European Programs which contribute to the Regional
Development, as well as, the Territorial Cooperation between Greece and Cyprus will be analyzed. In
particular, at the first part there are references on European Programs which boost the development andthe competitiveness of European Union Member Estates and at the second part an extended description of
the Territorial Cooperation between Greece and Cyprus, tries to approach the issue.

Production Possibilities and Trade in a Ricadian Economy with Public Infrastructure
Prof. Makoto Tawada1
1

Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan

S42-S2 Causes and Effects of Regional Integration: Development of Local Economy via Mobility
IUT_Room 210, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In this paper, we consider a Ricardian type of economy with a public infrastructure and show that, although
the production possibility frontier is convex in the creation of atmosphere type of a public intermediate
good but concave in the unpaid factor type, larger is the good with more heavily dependent on the public
intermediate good according to an increase in the public intermediate good supply along the production
possibility frontier in both types. Subsequently we show that a country with larger labor endowment likely
exports the good more heavily dependent on public input in the creation of atmosphere case, while thatcountry likely exports the other good in the unpaid factor case.

Estimation of non-use values by the general public in the Israeli Mediterranean
Dr. Anat Tchetchik1, Mr. Yoav Peled2, Dr. Shiri Zemah-Shamir3, Prof. Mordechai Shechter4, Dr. Alvaro Israel5
1

Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel, 2University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel, 3Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya,
Israel, 4Natural Resource and Environmental Research Center, Haifa, Israel, 5Israel Oceanographic and LimnologicalResearch, Haifa, Israel

S48-S1 The Mediterranean: conflicts, ecological and economic values Time: of a changing sea environment
MILC_Room 409, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Non-use values (NUV) are economic values that are not associated with either direct or indirect use of
ecosystems. NUVs are composed of existence value (value people gain from knowing a certain feature orasset exists), bequest value (value attributed to knowing that the asset will be attainable to future
generations) and altruistic value (value originating from the knowledge that other may use the asset). In
order to derive NUVs for the Israeli Mediterranean the study employed a choice experiment. This valuation
approach aims to elicit peoples’ utility of different features of an asset (habitats within the Israeli
Mediterranean). By presenting respondents choices between different ‘bundles’ of features with different
levels associated with different price levels, the willingness to pay for the features’ different levels can beobtained. The study implemented the choice experiment method and obtained a range of possible NUVs,
depending on the inherent attributes of marine habitats. The resulting total NUV of the Israeli
Mediterranean ranges between 223.2-594.4 million Euro per year. Compared with previous valuations of415

ecosystem values in the Israeli Mediterranean, the values obtained in this study are relatively high,suggesting that NUVs of the Israeli Mediterranean far outweigh other, more tangible benefits in the eyes of
the Israeli general public.

Urban labour market and productivity in Mexican cities: towards a dynamic and spatial approach
Dr. Claudia Tello1
1

Centromet-conacyt, Querétaro, Mexico

G05-O4 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This paper explores the challenges of urban labour markets in Mexican cities and its relationship withproductivity from two perspectives about the fact that wage and housing-cost data alone appear to beadequate for inferring changes of productivity in the cities (Albouy 2009). For the econometric analysis I use
static and dynamic models in which several factors explaining urban productivity. There is an agreement inurban economics that agglomeration economies have an important impact on the productivity and therelation to different spatial patterns including other determinants besides pure size and the time dimension.
This document investigates how urban models it can help to explore these challenges and they offer
relevant evidence. The alternative is to seek a framework in which consider other characteristics that prevailon the territory, the urban system in which it locates the city and the change of the labour markets
structure. I examine the urban productivity of 75 functional urban areas in Mexico (OECD, 2012), between
2000 and 2015. The data come from the Labour Force Surveys (National Occupation and Employment
Survey, ENOE and the National Employment Survey, ENE), carried out by the National Institute of and of
Mexico (INEGI). Both are household surveys which choice units are dwellings selected by sample
techniques.

A meta-analysis on the impact of automation and international trade on employment structure
Mr Nikolaos Terzidis1, Prof. Dr. Steven Brakman2, Prof. Dr. Raquel Ortega-Argiles3
1

University of Groningen - Faculty of Economics and Business, Groningen, Netherlands, 2University of Groningen - Facultyof Economics and Business, Groningen, Netherlands, 3University of Birmingham - Birmingham Business School,
Birmingham, United Kingdom

G05-O2 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This meta-analysis systematizes the empirical evidence on the labor market impacts from various types offactor-biased technical change and participation in global value chains. Our evidence draws upon 1162
empirical estimates from 71 scientific articles published between 1987 and 2017. Despite the vast
heterogeneity in the estimated outcomes and the weak evidence of publication bias in the relevant
literature, our three-step empirical process documents how the encountered features of heterogeneity
alter the likelihood for outcomes of specific sign and significance. In particular, factor-biased technicalchange is found to hurt industrialized labor markets more in terms of employment rather than wages, while
the negative effects concentrate on low-skilled workers. In contrast, engaging in global value chains benefits416

skilled employees in developed countries and trade in services is associated with positive labor market
outcomes compared to trade in manufacturing.

Mapping medication reimbursements in Belgium: socio-economical, environmental or public healthissues?
Prof. Isabelle Thomas1, Mrs Sonia Trabelsi11

Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium

G19-O2 Health and Environmental Issues, MILC_Room 409, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The relationship between urban living environment and health has been widely tackled in the past years(Twohig-Bennett et al., 2018). Generally, exposure and proximity to natural environments are considered tohave beneficial effects on human health (Hartig et al. 1991; de Vries et al. 2003). Unfortunately, data about
health are usually scarce and typically protected for privacy issues. But recent advances in data collection
has led to the storage of massive amount of data on individuals, among which medication purchases. In ourcase study, we try to observe links between health status, surrogated by medication reimbursement data,and socio-economic and environmental factors. If some geographical analyses about such data haveconsequently appeared in recent scientific literature (see e.g. Wangia and Shireman, 2013), results are often
not comparable and studies looking at spatial variation in medication consumption within a country are rare
(Cheng et al., 2011).
In Belgium, a central agency (IMA-AIM) systematically collects and stores data on medication
reimbursement across the entire country, at different administrative levels. We here isolate six medication
types associated to a priori defined pathologies representing environment-associated health troubles(asthma, allergies, autoimmune diseases, depression and anxiety, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular issues).
After a first step of data cleaning and standardizing by age, the paper first presents and critically comments
the choropleth maps of the different proxies. Then, we test the correlations between the selected healthproxies with some standard socio-economic and environmental variables, by means of Pearson correlations,clustering and principal component analyses. Surprisingly enough, environmental and socioeconomic
components are totally independent of the proxies used while all health proxies are positively correlated
together whatever the sickness considered.
Our results show that medication reimbursement is not an environmentally-driven problem, but rather
suggest a public health issue (health policy, education of the medical doctor, pharmaceutical commercial
activities, …). This study warns us on the use of medication data as a proxy for health issues, and to becareful in the interpretation of the results.

The relationship between population growth and local job opportunities for highly educated workers.
Prof. Inge Thorsen1, Prof. Kjell Gunnar Salvanes2, Dr. David Philip McArthur3, Dr. Helge Sandvig Thorsen
1

Western Norway University Of Applied Sciences, Haugesund, Norway, 2Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway,
University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

3

S26-S2 Comparing local and regional development within and between countries – what information anddata is needed?
IUT_Room 202, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Many cities and regions around the world struggle with either notable population gro- wth or decline. In thispaper, we explore what may determine population change, with a particular focus on the role played by417

educated workers and the state of the labour market. Understanding the relationship between population
growth and growth in jobs is beset by econometric problems. By using unique administrative data frommunicipalities in Norway covering the years form 1986 to 2010, along with careful model specification, weare able to estimate effects which we argue are robust and causal. Our results show that the presence of
educated workers and jobs for these workers is important in explaining population growth. Spatial structureand spillover effects are also shown to be important.

Commercial redevelopment of industrial and residential (inner) periphery of Russian metropolis,
St.Petersburg, 1989-2017
Ms Alisa Timoshina1
1Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint - Petersburg, Lisiy Nos, Russia

G04-O3 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Rephrasing the World Bank definition, urban redevelopment is readjustment of urban land to the newfunction. While some authors assume the necessity of some government authority to be involved inredevelopment process, others apply the urban regimes approach, claiming that redevelopment could be
driven by different combination of forces with the leading role of either authorities, or economic actors aswell as of public actors. In such combination of forces the basis for agreement could be informal as opposed
to formal government planning . Changing involvement of such actors in urban redevelopment in Russia wasindeed the inherent feature of post-socialist transformation after 1989. Central attention in this paper will
be given to the third mentioned path-dependency factor of urban redevelopment - post-Socialist
transformation.

Mobility simulation including autonomous vehicles: what about the urban form ?
Dr. Patrice Tissandier1
1

Ufc-théma, Besançon, France

S66-S1 Assessing impacts of automated driving and automated mobility
IUT_Room 108, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
A study on the increasing of projects about autonomous vehicles shows that almost of research fields areconcerned, from technological domains (improvement of radar and lidar technologies, AI for best choicedecisions, etc…) to social sciences (acceptability for example), including economic domain or insurance andlegal fields (responsibility cases). For less than 10 years, geographers and land planners have also
investigated this thematic, most using simulations software. These simulations, based on theoretical cases(Fagnant and al., 2014) or on real urban territories (Spieser and al., 2014, Bösh and al., 2016), show
“predictable” impacts like the decreasing of the number of cars and the growing of daily mobility, but withdifferent rates, depending of the input scenario. Another way of investigation, still not yet explored, need to
be presented: the impact on the urban form. For this reason, we purpose to build more complex scenarios
combining daily mobility and residential mobility at different time steps: as predicted, the urban sprawl
currently found will it continue, extending Newman and Kenworthy’s publication (Newman and Kenworthy,
1996) on the 3 ages of the city? Or the improvement of the traffic conditions provided from automatedmobility which is materialized by the disappearance of the congestion and the emissions of pollutants, can it
lead to a densification of the central urban spaces?.

418

The Change of Financial Behavior of Remittance-receiving individuals in Rural Indonesia
Ms Titissari Titissari1, Mr Philip McCann2, Mr Niels Hermes1, Mr Viktor Venhorst1
1

University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, 2Sheffield University Management School, Sheffield, United Kingdom

S41-S5 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of remittances to the development
process. Apparently, a rise in remittances can lead to financial development in the recipient side.
Remittances transferred through the financial institution may facilitate access and demand for further
financial services from the formal financial institutions. In the case of lack of access and usage of financial
services, remittance-receiving households/individuals might rely on informal channels instead of using theformal ones. Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between international migration,
remittances, and financial development, however, much of the research up to now has paid too little
attention to the linkage between domestic remittances, and financial inclusion. This indicates a need tounderstand how the dynamic of domestic migration and domestic remittances may affect financial inclusion
at the micro level of society.
Our paper focuses on the domestic remittances flow and the financial behavior of the remittance-receiving
individuals who stay behind in a (typically) rural area. This paper describes the possible relationshipbetween the patterns in domestic migration destination (i.e., from a village, small town, and big city), thefinancial access to the formal and informal institution, financial behavior of remittance-receiving individuals
in term of access and usage of financial services.
This research relies on a unique data set that is drawn from Indonesian Family Life Survey (RAND, 2014) andcombined with the secondary data on the financial access to the formal bank (Indonesia Central Bank,2015). It is hoped that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the linkage between
domestic migration, domestic remittances and financial inclusion in the case of emerging economies such as
Indonesia. Our data set provides information on how the domestic migration across the village, small town,
and big city may create the remittances flow that induces financial access and usage at the household level.

Function follows form? Human mobility patterns in urban space.
Dr. Marina Toger1, Dr. Jan Amcoff1, Dr. John Östh1
1

Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

S33-S1 Modelling place attractiveness in the era of Big and Open data
MILC_Room 310, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In many post-industrialized countries the urbanization peaked in the middle of the 20th century during, aperiod distinguished by sprawling urban areas and Modernist town planning. However, the urban milieus
built during that period were heavily criticized already 50-60 years ago for disregarding the needs ofpedestrian citizen and homogeneous use patterns. Although the planning ideals have changed, empiricalknowledge on how does the urban physical and legal environment affect urban liveability is still limited. Thisis the focus of the present study. We use mobility data, provided by a major Swedish mobile phone
operator, to discern different spatial patterns of life. Some parts of cities show mixed kinds of diurnal andweekly behaviour (quick visits, stays of several hours, or overnight), whereas others may show morehomogenous patterns. Various urban environment types are detected using the density and size of parcels,419

land use, land cover and presence and density of amenities (retail, restaurants, entertainment, etc.) andcompared to mobility behaviours characteristic to them. The study presents correlations between urban
morphology and mobility patterns of people using them.

A new approach to estimating interregional output multipliers using input-output data for South Korean
regions
Dr. Malte Jahn2, Dr. Anthony Flegg3, Dr. Timo Tohmo1
1

University Of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland, 2Hamburg Institute of International Economics, Hamburg, Germany,
University of the West of England, Bristol, UK

3

G10-O1 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The multipliers obtainable from a regional input-output (I-O) table are a valuable analytical tool, yet suchtables typically must be constructed via non-survey methods. Although Flegg’s location quotient (FLQ) is amethod that often performs well, it is designed to estimate intraregional intermediate transactions andcoefficients. The input coefficients for different regions are estimated independently and interregionalcoefficients are not estimated explicitly.
A dataset constructed by the Bank of Korea for all 16 South Korean regions in 2005 is one of the few surveybased full interregional I-O tables. It has data for all intersectoral transactions, both within and acrossregions, thereby allowing us to test some alternative theoretical approaches. Our focus is on an innovative
methodological approach proposed by Jahn (2017), in which two methods of estimation, the FLQ and agravity model, are combined in a consistent way to estimate the intraregional and interregionaltransactions, respectively. All regions are treated simultaneously. Furthermore, the estimated transactions
are constrained to equal the national aggregates for each pair of sectors.
A novelty of our paper is its use of statistical information criteria to determine the best model for estimating
output multipliers. Such criteria are relevant when the approaches being compared employ very different
numbers of parameters. With the FLQ, for instance, one has a choice between pursuing a simple approach,whereby an unknown parameter δ is held to be invariant across both sectors and regions, and more
complex approaches where these assumptions are relaxed. Standard performance criteria cannot reveal
whether the inclusion of extra parameters is warranted, whereas information criteria can do so. We
demonstrate that, for South Korea, the best approach is to combine the FLQ with a simple trade model.
Since the interregional trade flows do not seem to depend much on distances or adjacency, a gravity modelis unnecessary.

Circular economy dynamics and their impacts on local growth. Analysis of the French case 2015 - 2018
Dr Amadou NIANG1, Prof. André Torre1, Dr. Sébastien Bourdin2
1

Université Paris-Saclay, INRA-Agroparistech, Paris, France, 2École de Management de Normandie, Laboratoire Métis,Caen, France

S21-S1 Circularities and proximities: stakeholders, scales, ressources
UdL_Room 106, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The territories are undergoing major upheavals in terms of changes in production models, territorial
competition and pressure on local authorities' budgets. The emerging circular economy model is proposed
as a sustainable response that can create territorial development. The circular economy is perceived (i) as alever for technological, social and organizational innovation and (ii) a new model of design and manufactureof high value-added products that generates new activities and provides jobs and local growth. However,420scientific knowledge on the territorial externalities of economic activities associated with the circular
economy is not yet equal to the current challenges of sustainable development.
The objective of this research is to have a better understanding of the emergence of circular economy
projects and how do they drive the local economy. More specifically, we seek (i) to analyse the spatialconcentration of employment in the circular economy, and (ii) to assess the impact of circular economy
companies on local growth in employment areas (local territorial unit in France).
First, the geographical distribution of the growth of the circular economy and the existence of possible
spatial autocorrelation are observed. Then, we estimate spatial autocorrelation coefficients (at both levels,
global and local) in order to analyse the spatial concentration of the circular economy in France. Finally,using spatial econometrics, we explain the factors that contribute to the local growth of the value added
between 2008 and 2015 in the circular economy, based on demographic, economic and geographicalexplanatory variables.

Flood Hazard and Urban Land Use
Ms Thi Thu Huyen Tran1
1

University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg

G14-YS1 Energy and Ecological Transition
IUT_Room 201, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
We examine the first best and second best land use policy when parts of the cities are in flood-prone areas.
We add the exogenous shock of increased flood risk into a monocentric model. We found that under the
first best scenario where city planner will internalize the negative effect of flood risk, and provide a lower
share of the residential area in the flood-prone area. However, under competitive land market where city
planner can control only the spending of public facilities (to prevent the flood risk), land developers willcapitalize and build more residential areas as the cost of land in the flood-prone area are cheaper while thepreventative cost is on the city government. For the empirical part, we use the 500 years flood hazard maps
in Europe together with the GMES Urban atlas to examine the actual land use in 305 most populous urban
areas in Europe. To our knowledge, this is the first paper that examines both theoretically and empiricallythe urban land use under increased flood risk scenario across whole Europe.

Optimal stratification of discrete urban green areas in mono-centric cities
Ms Thi Thu Huyen Tran1
1

University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg

G11-R1 Spatial Econometrics
MILC_Room 308, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This paper investigates a class of model with continuum households and discrete land-required public urban
green space where the level of provision, the number of facilities and their locations are all endogenously
determined. We first prove that the standard equidistant configuration is no longer optimal whenhouseholds are allowed to be endogenously sorted. At the optimum, the size of urban green areas increases
with the distance to other green areas and increases with distance to city centre. Optimal numbers ofurban green areas also increases with the city size and areas, but less than proportional. The total numberof households patronizing one public urban green space also tend to decrease with its distance to central
business districts. This result appears to be non-standard to previous literature. The model also extends totake into account the effects of public green space system on the spatial patterns of households with thepresence of environmental externalities. We then examine the urban green configuration in the reality by421

using GMES Urban Atlas for the 305 most populous cities across Europe. Our empirical studies confirm thepattern for parks between 10th-90th quantiles of the distribution, but not with 'micro' parks (below 10th
quantiles) and very big park (above 99th quantiles).

The evolution of economic clusters through the lenses of web archives: the case of Shoreditch in London
Mr Christoph Stich1, Dr Emmanouil Tranos1,2, Dr Zhaoya Gong1, Dr Max Nathan1,3
1

University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, 2Alan Turing Institute, , United Kingdom, 3Centre for Economic
Performance, , United Kingdom

S03-S1 Engaging with the Digital World: the effects for society, places and individuals
IUT_Room 404, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper proposes a new methodological approach to identify economic clusters and their evolution overspace and time, which builds upon recent developments in data science. We employ an under-used open
source of commercial, geolocated and archived webpages during the period 2000-2012. We interrogate
these data using data science techniques to build postcode-level, time-varying classifications of economic
activities using text data from individual webpages. We apply this method to take a fresh look at an iconic
London neighbourhood – Shoreditch – that is rich in technology and creative industries, and has become aleading digital and creative cluster over the past two decades (Hutton 2008, Pratt 2009, Harris 2012, Foord
2013, Martins 2015). Our approach tackles a number of problems inherent in empirical analysis of clusters:
backward-looking industrial classifications, reliance on administrative geographies and low data frequency(Nathan and Rosso 2015, OECD 2013, Duranton and Overman 2005). As such, the paper aims to add to thelimited empirical literature (Ter Wal and Boschma 2011; Balland, Boschma, and Frenken 2015; Delgado,
Porter, and Stern 2015), which moves beyond a pre-determined understanding of economic clusters inspatial, temporal and technological terms (Catini et al. 2015). By allowing us to look flexibly at how colocated economic activities shift over time, our method also provides cleaner links back to theory, especiallyevolutionary frameworks, and questions of industry specialisation, diversity and branching.

La gouvernance territoriale au prisme du concept de Système Alimentaire du Milieu
Dr. Laurent Trognon1
1

Agroparistech, UMR Territoires, Aubiere , France

S23-S1 Territorial and place-based governance, (new) processes for local coordination
IUT_Room 303, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Un territoire, en tant qu’espace approprié par des acteurs, est un concept complexe qui peut rendre compte
à la fois d’un objet que l’on peut gérer et d’une entité apprenante capable de se penser et de concevoir une
stratégie. Dans les deux cas, acteurs, ressources, activités et politiques sont en interaction. La gouvernanceterritoriale est ce qui va permettre les coordinations d’acteurs et d’échelles, mais aussi d’objets et deprojets. Cette coordination peut être pensée au service d’une stratégie construite ex ante (territoire objet)ou co-construite chemin faisant par les acteurs (entité apprenante). Dans tous les cas, une bonne
gouvernance se définit relativement aux bénéficiaires de celle-ci. Au sein d’un territoire des secteurséconomiques se composent, se distinguent et se combinent. La gouvernance territoriale peut concerner un,
plusieurs ou l’ensemble de ses secteurs. À proprement parler la dimension territoriale d’une telle
gouvernance suppose un minimum d’ancrage local des acteurs et des problématiques traitées. Cependant
la dimension spatiale, territoriale et locale, bien que souvent délimitée par des périmètres administratifs,
peut être émergente et relativement floue, c’est au moins l’idée d’un « quelque part ».
422

Depuis des décennies des travaux de recherche sont menés sur les systèmes alimentaires, appréhendés àpartir des concepts de filières, terroir, circuits courts, système alimentaire localisé, système alimentaireterritorial, et dans une perspective alternative à l’offre d’une « food from nowhere » (Campbell, 2009). Le
concept de système alimentaire du milieu (SYAM) (objet du projet PSDR éponyme, 2016-2019) a cecid’innovant qu’il se veut extrêmement intégrateur des attentes des acteurs publics et privés, duconsommateur au producteur, de l’élu ou de l’association à l’entrepreneur ; il vise à articuler la triple
performance voulue par le développement durable et, pour cela, repose sur et s’inscrit dans une
gouvernance territorial.
Afin de contribuer aux objectifs de la session spéciale, cette communication présentera tout d’abord leconcept de SYAM et l’illustrera d’un cas mettant en évidence les mécanismes de gouvernance. Il le mettra
en relation avec celui d’écosystème d’affaires et son extension comme écosystème territorial (territoire
apprenant). Le rôle crucial de l’acteur pivot sera analysé et discuté, ainsi que les dispositifs de coordinationd’une chaîne de valeurs auxquelles sont sensibles les bénéficiaires de la gouvernance. Enfin, après avoir
montré le caractère militant du concept de SYAM, nous montrerons comment son appropriation et sa
mobilisation par les acteurs donnent sens à leur action et à la gouvernance territoriale.

Agglomeration economies and technical efficiency of European regions
Prof. Theodore Tsekeris1, Dr. Sotiris Papaioannou1
1

Centre of Planning and Economic Research (KEPE), Athens, Greece

G08-O1 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The enhancement of productivity is regarded as crucial for the long-term sustainable development of an
economy. Productivity growth in Europe presents significant variations among countries as well as between
regions, with evident implications for the processes of convergence and cohesion. This paper investigates
how different types of agglomeration economies, such as the density and diversity of local markets and land
uses, the specialisation and the market access, influence the efficiency and productivity disparities across EU
regions. It encompasses a rich dataset for 245 regions at the NUTS-2 level, spanning the decade 2007-2016.
In contrast with other approaches considering the measure of total factor productivity, the present
methodology relies on a regional production function which is simultaneously estimated with an inefficiency
equation, using a two-stage econometric model.
The findings show the existence of considerable disparities in the level of technical efficiency across EU
regions. In particular, they denote the significant positive impact of the concentration of economic activity
and land uses, the total (external and internal) market potential, and the human capital, defined as thepercentage of hours worked by people with tertiary education, on regional efficiency. These results suggest
the productivity-enhancing role of geographical proximity, spatial spillovers, transport improvements andaccessibility. In addition, they indicate the positive impact that institutions related to land use planning may
have on reducing regional inefficiencies. Furthermore, they stress the significant influence of countryspecific factors, such as national macroeconomic policies, as well as region-invariant time-specific factors on
the technical efficiency of EU regions. The study findings can provide valuable insights into addressing coreperiphery disparities in efficiency and failures in the spatial planning system, and deploying active labour,
education and R&D policies to strengthen the productivity of the lagging EU regions.

Cohesion policy and income inequality: empirical evidence from Greece
Professor Yannis Psycharis1, Associate Professor Vassilis Tselios2, PhD Candidate Panayotis Panatzis1423

1Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences , Athens, Greece, 2University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

S55-S1 The EU Cohesion Policy after 2020 – How to achieve faster and more impactful spending where it isneeded the most?
IUT_Room 303, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Inclusive growth has become one of the main concerns of contemporary economic policy. Based on
statistical evidence, economic growth does not necessarily create opportunities for all segments of the
population and prosperity is usually fairly unequally distributed across society. Furthermore, due to therecent economic recession not only personal and households income have been reduced but also income
inequality has been increased. As a result, the issue of inclusive growth has been placed at the forefront of
economic analysis and public policy. Inclusiveness has been one of the main policy priorities of theEuropean Union for the programming period 1994-2020 and this will be extended to the new programming
period 2021-2027.
This paper sets out to examine empirically the statistical association/relatedness between cohesion policy
and income inequality in Greece during the period 2000-2015. The research question under examination iswhether the EU cohesion funds have contributed to the reduction of inter-personal income inequality
within regions in Greece or not. Analysis is based on a novel dataset which combines two sets of statistical
data. The first set includes data regarding the annual expenditures of co-financed EU funds at NUTS II and
NUTS III geographical levels in Greece. The second set includes data regarding the statistical estimation ofdeclared income inequality at the NUTS II and NUTS III geographical levels in Greece throughout the study
period under consideration.
Analysis is based on an econometric model and apart from the cohesion policy expenditures and income
inequality indicators it utilizes a large number of control variables such as demographic, economic andgeographical ones. The analysis which is covering the time periods before and during the economic crisis as
well as three different programming periods 2000-2006, 2007-2013, and 2014-2020 provides evidence thatcohesion funds have contributed to reduction of income inequality in the Greek regions. The paper
concludes with some policy proposals regarding the consideration of inclusiveness as a key factor of the EU
cohesion policy for the new programming period 2021-2027.

Business cycle asymmetries and idiosyncratic components of the Greek regions
Dr Ioannis Panteladis2, Dr. Maria Tsiapa1, Dr Dimitris Kallioras1
1

University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece, 2University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece

G04-O5 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper investigates the business cycle asymmetries of Greece focusing on the route and thecharacteristics of regions that are lagging behind with an idiosyncratic and eventually a persistentbehaviour. Aiming to disentangle the main components and dynamics that have influenced by several(systemically or non-systemically) ways the Greek regions, the analysis focuses on the NUTSIII level ofregions and covers a long time of period (1980-2016) separated it in four sub-periods (1981-1991, 19922000, 2001-2007 and 2008-2016) based on substantial and key developments of the economy (introductionin the EU, integration in the Single Market, adaptation of the euro and experience of the deep andprotracted economic crisis).
First, it is analysed the degree of business cycle synchronisation of Greek regions using the Hodrick-Prescottfilter and it is estimated the regions’ volatility and persistence. In the attempt of capturing the part ofregional fluctuations that neither explained by the movements of the national cycle nor by the past424

behaviour of the regional cycle itself, it is estimated afterwards the idiosyncratic component of each region
by a VAR model that uses components of the national cycle and the regional cycle itself with specific timelags. In the next stage, the analysis examines the characteristics of those regions with the higher
idiosyncratic component in their cycle. For this reason, a spatial panel model is constructed so as toevaluate whether and how specific economic, structural, technological, geographical or time-specific factors
are correlated with that type of regions. Moreover, it is investigated whether regions with important
idiosyncratic behaviour have common features with “sheltered economies” (Rodriguez Pose and Fratesi,2006), which are associated with obsolete and traditional economic activities. The results of the analysis
help to enrich the picture of the less developed regions in Greece associating regions with low growth rates(and therefore low level of resilience), idiosyncratic characteristics and sheltered economy in a long time
period that reasonably entails different phases of the economy of each region.

Application of geographical topic model to metropolitan area in japan
Prof. Makoto Tsukai1, Ms. Satoko Ohno2, Mr. Yuta Tsukano3
1

Hiroshima University, Higashi-hiroshima City, Japan, 2Kouch Prefecture, Kochi City, Japan, 3Kansai Airport, Osaka City,
Japan

G03-R1 Big Data and Regional Science
IUT_Room 404, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In Japan, the expanded suburban area has often lower density, suffering from inefficient infrastructure
performance with higher maintenance cost. In order to induce proper land use, the necessity to understandthe structure of metropolitan area is increased.
Understanding the structure of metropolitan area with its dynamics requires the comprehensive analysis
not only in built environment, but also demographic, industrial or commercial characteristics.
This study purposes to clarify the applicability of topic model to geographical characteristics, named
geographic topic model. Using the proposed model, Kitakyuusyuu and Fukuoka metropolitan areas areanalyzed to compare the geographical characteristics of both cities and its change between two crosssections.
Topic model is used for a topic estimation problem from the documents with huge number of words. The
advantage of output by topic model over by the conventional factor analysis is positive estimation ofparameters, while negative estimates often appears in conventional approaches. Positive estimates ofparameters make much easier interpretation for topic, and mesh to topic relationship is also clear since
spatial aggregation of topic is possible.
The input information to topic model is called Bag-of-Words (BOW), which counts the number of vocabulary
for each document. This study proposes to discretize the attribute distribution by using multiple dummy
variables, in order to make BOW dataset.
The BOW in this study consists of 34 attributes collected form national census, economic census and officeand company statistics. The number of meshes in the target area is totally 2113 for a cross section, by
dropping unused area. In order to common topics in two cross sections, the datasets in 2000 and 2010 are
stacked, so then totally 4226 samples are inputted. The comparison of spatial distribution of topics showedthat in Fukuoka, CBD area is expanded, and the suburban areas are dynamically developed. On the other
hand in Kitakyusyu, CBD area becomes small and low-density suburban area is increased. In terms of public
transport access, Fukuoka can successfully attract the agglomeration around the stations, while
Kitakyuusyuu failed to attract the agglomeration, but makes low density land use around the station.
Therefore, the application of geographical topic model, the performance of proposed model was fairly
good.

425

Aggregate productivity and its local determinants: A missing spatial dimension in productivity research
Ms Alexandra Tsvetkova1, Mr Nikolaos Terzidis2, Mr Dylan Jong2
1

OECD, , Italy, 2University of Groningen, , Netherlands

S69-S4 The spatial dimension of productivity (OECD Spatial Productivity Lab Special Session)
IUT_Room 101, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Productivity, the efficiency of input conversion into output, is the main determinant of living standards.
More productive economies have greater ability to support and enhance well-being of their citizens via
higher incomes, better infrastructure, more services and other means. The drivers of productivity, and its
effects on a range of social and economic outcomes, are the focus of a voluminous, long-standing and welldeveloped research literature. Despite the vast scholarly attention paid to productivity, however, it is mostly
studied within industries and firms. The spatial dimension of the phenomenon is underdeveloped. In thispaper we first provide an overview of the industry-level productivity research identifying a range ofimportant determinants of productivity growth across countries and sectors/industries. We thendemonstrate that these determinants themselves are shaped (at least to a degree) by subnational (regional
and local) factors. We summarize regional science research that studies each of the productivity
determinants identified in the first step and conclude by highlighting the importance of spatial dimension in
the study of aggregate productivity growth.

Tea for Two: Language and Bilateral Trade with China
Dr. Annie Tubadji1, Prof. Don Webber2
1

University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom, 2Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom

S24-S1 Neo-Weberian Approaches to China: Cultural Attitudes and Economic Development
IUT_Room 415, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Trade routes are the reason why half the countries in the world call their herbal brew ‘tea’ and the otherhalf ‘chai’ (Saberi, 2010; World Atlas of Language Structures, 2019). Yet, it is not clear whether the spread of
the word tea indicates the fashion that drove the consumption and consequently the trade with tea, orwhether the intensity of the trade is simply reflected in the intensity of use of the word ‘tea’. The questionof causality between language frequency and volumes of bilateral trade is explored in this paper from thepoint of view of narrative economics and Culture-Based Development, exploring the role of the cultural
discourse in the economic process. Using linguistic data from Google n-grams (a digitalized 5 percent sample
of world libraries) spreading over the period 1821 – 2008 and data on bilateral trade with China from theCentre d’Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales (CEPII, Paris) for the same period, we apply
reverse causality test on whether the ranking of the word tea in a local language is influenced by flows oftrade with China. Next, we use factor analysis for all Chinese foreign words in a particular language and weinfer the frequency of this factor variable to explain the relevant trade flows. Results from a pooled crosssection with time and country fixed effects and panel data analysis are strongly consistent. Our findings
suggest that the use of the word ‘tea’ is universally impacted not by the direct flows of trade with China, butby the overall size of the Chinese economy, independent of the size of the counterpart economy tradingwith China. Also, while the flows do not affect the change in the frequency of the use of the word ‘tea’, theuse of the word ‘tea’ does predict both trade inflows and outflows with China. Moreover, the lagged valueof the frequency of use of the word ‘tea’ predicts the trade flows too. In short, the creation of cultural
discourse is endogenous to economic power, yet, the cultural discourse itself amplifies the trade flows withthe bigger economy. We interpreted these finding as narrative economics evidence for the endogeneity of
the cultural discourse and its impact on bilateral economic trade.
426

UK Witches: Signalling for Locally Under-Rewarded Human Capital
Dr. Annie Tubadji1
1

University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom

G15-O3 Segregation, Social and Spatial Inequalities
IUT_Room 205, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Religion has been tackled in economics mostly from the supply side. It has been contested as either an
exogenous cultural attitude that determines economic productivity (Weberian perspective) or as an
endogenous narrative created to enhance the power of the institutions over the disadvantaged individuals –i.e. religion as the ‘opium of the people’ (Marxian perspective). But considerably little has been said in
economics about the demand for religion and especially what the aggregate demand for religion might
stand for. Moreover, religion was thought of as a dwindling down institution itself, since developed societies
were presumably growing less religious. The current economic crisis might show the demand side of religion
in a different colour with the upsurge of religiosity across the West. At this background, the current paper
poses two questions: (i) what socio-economic factors drive the demand for religiosity and superstitious
belief on individual level; and (ii) what is increased presence of religiosity and superstitious beliefs signaling
for local development on aggregate level? To approach these questions empirically, over 5mln individual
observations (i.e. the 10% sample) from the UK 2011 Census data is used. More than 60,000 people in thiscensus self-identified as witches when they were asked to specify freely their religious denomination.
Clearly, the UK has a historic predisposition for eventual cultural persistence in witchcraft, as an expressionof the free-spirited female. However, anecdotal evidence points that most modern witches in the UK areusually individuals who have experienced negative shocks in their personal socio-economic development
and are often stigmatized as mental health cases. Propensity score matching and multi-level modelling are
employed. On individual level, we find that the demand for superstitious beliefs is a psychologicalmechanism for handling relative deprivation. On regional level, higher percentage of superstitious beliefs is
associated with higher levels of economic segregation and inequality.

Mixed methods approach in regional science - a case study on regional needs Dr. Monica Mihaela Tudor1, Dr. Violeta Florian1
1

Romanian Academy - IEA, Bucharest, Romania

G10-O4 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The analysis of EU citizens perceptions regarding the regional development and effectiveness of European
programs and/or institutions in dealing with regional issues was performed based on quantitative methods.
On the other hand, the regional experts/ practitioners point of views regarding the above-mentioned
regional aspects was mostly analysed using qualitative methods. So far, the two regional actors’ visions
were separately analysed, their integration being not at all an easy task having in view the methodologicaldifferences and limitations of each data collection methods.
The general objective of the paper is to propose an innovative approach in analysing the citizens’ andpractitioners’ views on regional issues in order to make the two visions integrable and comparable. Thismethodological option belongs to the mixed methods design that makes possible to combine the qualitativeand quantitative data on the same research topics into the same study. The methodological scheme
proposed in our paper is based on convergence model from the mixed model triangulation design.
427

This methodological approach allows, in a first stage of research, to collect and analyse simultaneously andseparately the quantitative and qualitative data, using a common ground regarding the researchquestion/topic. In the second phase of research, the two results are converged (by comparing andcontrasting the different findings) during the interpretation phase. Contextualization, that gives a meaningof the obtained results with reference to the specific and particular context, is used for interpreting of both
qualitative and quantitative data in order to make them suitable for being comparable.
Viability of this methodological approach was validated into a case-study regarding the citizens’ andpractitioners’ views on EU Cohesion Policy. The case-study analysis was conducted at the level of arepresentative sample of European NUTS II regions.
The comparative analysis highlighted the convergence and divergence points between citizens andpractitioners regarding the public intervention needs through Cohesion Policy and evaluation of theeffectiveness of these interventions, thus contributing to a better understanding of the general perceptionof the EU by the large public.
Acknowledgment: paper supported by European Union's Horizon2020 research and innovation programme
under the project: Perception and Evaluation of Regional and Cohesion Policies by Europeans and
Identification with the Values of Europe (PERCEIVE).

Regional smartness and economic growth convergence: A Romanian case study
Dr. Adam Cox1, Monica-Mihaela Tudor2, Mr Menelaos Tasiou1, Dan-Marius Voicilas2, Mihai-Alexandru
Chitea2
1

University Of Portsmouth, , United Kingdom, 2Romanian Academy - Institute of Agricultural Economics, , Bucharest

G08-O2 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Whilst recent research has had a keen focus on the concept of a Smart City, less focus has been given to“smartness” in the regional context. Under the umbrella of the European Commission 2020 Strategy, smart
specialization is a central pillar in of Cohesion Policy which is based on the principle of Smart Growth(Regional Policy Contributing to Smart Growth in Europe [COM(2010)553]). Accordingly, European regions
are called to identify the sectors, technological domains, and major areas of likely competitive advantage tofocus their regional policies (Mc Cann & Ortega-Argilés, 2015). Firstly, this paper aims to construct a uniquemeasure “smartness” at regional (NUTS II) level using Romania, as one of the most rural countries of the EU,
as a case study. Secondly, this paper then tests the regions’ capacity to deliver on economic growth
convergence. Here there is a particular focus on the development regions in Romania, which typically have aweak negotiation position in terms of regional design and implementation of Cohesion Policy. Results showthat Romania’s capital city NUTS II region, Bucuresti, is the “smartest”. Western Romania is considered a
medium level of smartness and the lowest smartest is seen in the eastern and southern Romanian regions.
We find a statistically significant correlation between regional smartness and the ability of regional
economies to bridge the gaps compared to the EU average. These results provide evidence to support thenotion that enhancing the underlying indicators of ‘smartness’ would support a region’s economic resilienceand development.
Acknowledgment: paper is supported by Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the
project: Perception and Evaluation of Regional and Cohesion Policies by Europeans and Identification with
the Values of Europe (PERCEIVE).
428

Rethinking place-based strategies for integrated development: the challenge of institutional thickness
Mr Richard Tuffs1
1

Independent, Brussels, Belgium

S13-S1 Mainstreaming Smart Specialisation across European Union policies: challenges, opportunities andtools
UdL_Room 106, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Regional innovation ecosystems or place-based strategies for integrated development are gaining currency
as key aspects of research, innovation and increasingly industrial policy. However, these systems need the‘boundary spanners’, the ‘orchestrators’ and ‘conductors’ to develop the ecosystem. We know that theseroles should be found in triple or quadruple helix organisations but there is still an issue that there is nocareer path, often no job title for these key actors in universities or industry and local and regional
government. Is smart specialisation the process that can identify and valorise these roles?.

Unconferences and Hackathons as Platforms for Innovation Competencies Enhancement
Ms Yifat Turbiner1, Professor Nurit Zaidman1, Professor Dafna Schwartz2
1

Ben Gurion University Of The Negev, , Israel, 2The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, , Israel

G07-O4 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In recent years the popularity of informal entrepreneurial events such as hackathons, meetups andunconferences persists and grows beyond any specific industry, sector or geographical area. While it isgenerally acknowledged that informal entrepreneurial events have a significant role in structuring andshaping the innovation ecosystem, only limited research has focused on such new methods capable ofenhancing knowledge exposition and people interaction outside the firm boundaries. Notably, scantresearch has been devoted to assessing HOW, and in WHAT WAYS, these events impact innovation
ecosystems.
The study addresses this research lacuna by showing the impact of informal entrepreneurial events on their
participants and subsequently the entire innovation ecosystem. We do so by systematically exploring andcomparing the impact of two distinctive and predominant informal entrepreneurial events, on theinnovation ecosystem: (i) unconferences, which represent an unstructured and open-format events; and (ii)hackathons that represent a relatively structured, competitive and problem-focused events. Both provide aplatform for accomplishing two main processes recognized as affecting the innovation process andinnovation ecosystems ––knowledge sharing and connectivity between diverse crowds.
The study uses a mixed methods research design. It starts with exploratory research to open a window into
the topic of informal entrepreneurial events as enablers of innovation capabilities enhancement. The study
then continues with a quantitative research to test hypotheses regarding the mechanism of informal
entrepreneurial events and the apparent added value generated by such events. Ultimately, a conceptualmodel demonstrating the impact of informal entrepreneurial events will be presented.
This study makes several potential contributions: (i) it illuminates the particular contribution of informal
entrepreneurial events to the connectivity and sustainability of innovation ecosystems, beyond specificindustrial, sectorial and institutional boundaries; (ii) it redirects research attention to a category of429

significant actors, namely the individuals who constitute the micro foundations of the innovation
ecosystem; and (iii) beyond illuminating several theoretical aspects, this analysis is of value to organizations
and institutions that seek to influence the innovation competencies of their employees and to policy makers
who wish to influence the field of innovation generally.

The Role of Carpooling in enhancing connectivity for small towns across Northern England
Mr Jeff Turner1, Dr Dilum Dissanayake2, Prof Geoff Vigar3
1

Independent Consultant, Leeds, United Kingdom, 2Future Mobility Group, School of Engineering, Newcastle University,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, 3School of Architecture, Planning & Landscape, Newcastle University, Newcastleupon-Tyne, UK

S31-S1 Carpooling for daily trips
IUT_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Much recent UK transport policy discussion has focused on supporting economic growth by enhancing the
public transport connectivity of towns and cities at a regional level. This has manifested itself in regional
economic development initiatives such as the ‘Northern Powerhouse’ and it’s supporting Strategic
Transport Plan (Transport for the North, 2019). In addition, the widespread regionalisation of activities in
sectors such as health service delivery, education and non-food retail has increased the importance ofdelivering effective public transport connectivity not only within but between urban spaces. However,much of the policy discussion has focused on major centres and large passenger flows. This is to thedetriment of smaller urban communities and rural areas, which often face the challenges of low population
densities and low levels of demand (Nuttley, 2003). Existing practises of family support in sharing journeys
and greater penetration of smartphone technology-enabled mobility concepts (e.g. Uber, Liftshare,
demand-responsive transport (DRT) and Mobility as a Service (Maas)) may open up new connectivity
possibilities (Mulley and Nelson, 2009) in such areas.
The aim of this paper is to look at the potential for technology-enabled carpooling for small towns as part of
the toolkit for regional connectivity within the North of England. The paper explores the scope of carpoolingfor non-commuting travel for small urban communities in the North of England. It also investigates thescope for promoting technology-enabled carpooling solutions as a way of developing community-based
solutions to regional connectivity for particular inter-urban connections between smaller towns and major
centres.
This paper identifies a number of small urban areas across Northern England where public transport
connectivity to services such as hospitals and major shopping centres is considerably poorer than by car.
Through case study research in such areas, it highlights the impact of the regionalisation of service delivery.
It identifies key roles played by people, both within family networks and amongst community and publicsector organisations, who act as ‘intermediaries’ in organising and co-ordinating carpooling. The paper also
highlights the importance of trust in informing perceptions of the security of carpooling. It also identifies thecontinuing challenge of online connectivity for households within more rural locations as a factor affecting
technology-enabled approaches to carpooling. Finally, the paper identifies areas for further understandingof the nature of regional connectivity of small urban areas and for understanding the potential fortechnology-enabled shared mobility solutions in the context of small across the UK.

Spatial analysis of commercial services in Polish towns and rural areas
Dr. Małgorzata Twardzik1, dr Piotr Gibas1430

1University of Economics in Katowice, Katowice, Poland

S49-S1 The retail chains development and changes in service patterns in small towns and rural areas
IUT_Room 203, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Trade is the subject of interest of many areas of science, such as geography, economics, marketing,sociology or urban planning. In many countries in Europe and the USA studies of trade usually focus on
location of commercial outlets in urban space, accessibility (time, cost) of trade for customer, selection ofassortment offer and innovations in trade. Recent decade of spatial studies on trade in Poland concerns
mainly new large-selling area formats and importance of trade in development of suburbanisation process
and appropriation of public space by new trade formats.
The aim of the article is to identify the mains rightnesses of the locations of commercial and service
buildings in Polish towns and rural areas and to determine the percentage of population living in areas withdifficult access to the trade. Conducted statistical and spatial analysis with the use of information obtained
from Database of Topographic Objects is a method of diagnosis of accessibility that has not been applied
before for its entire area of Poland and constitute the introduction for further in-depth studies in thissphere.Commercial and service-providing activity is usually located according to market criteria and takes
into consideration the size of settlement unit, economic and financial situation, transport conditions andresidents’ preferences. Therefore, in Poland, yet not only there, the largest cities and agglomerations offer
the best conditions for development of commercial and service providing chains. The assumption is
confirmed by the results of conducted statistical and spatial analysis which shows that over 30% buildings ofcommercial and service-providing purpose are located in the largest cities and in municipalities forming theheart of urban functional areas in the capital cities of voivodeships. According to classical theory of services,
location and distribution of individual categories of goods is based on the principle of hierarchy .
Distribution of commercial services in Poland is highly correlated with the distribution of settlement andtransport network, as well as economic (income) conditions in the country. Presented results of statisticaland spatial analysis constitute the introduction for further in-depth studies in this sphere.

Discount chains and changes in service patterns in small towns in Poland
1

University of Economics in Katowice, Katowice, Poland

S49-S1 The retail chains development and changes in service patterns in small towns and rural areas
IUT_Room 203, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Retail trade and services are becoming the most dynamically developing sector of non-agricultural activity in
Polish in small towns and rural areas. State-owned and cooperative stores have been closed down and they
were replaced mostly by private stores. There are more and more commercial outlets of various formats,including supermarket chains, discount stores and integrated chains. Despite growing number of modern
retail trade formats traditional small-format, often referred to as local market is also really important. New
trading posts in small towns and rural areas are mainly located in the zones of influence of larger cities. They
affect many changes of spatial, social and economic character. Small towns and rural areas surrounding
them more and more frequently start to compete for further retail trade investments while noticing lots ofbenefits and costs of this process. Dynamics of changes in rural areas can be observed in frequent
occurrence of discount chains in recent years. Investors of discount, supermarket and integrated storesrecognise the possibilities of development not only in large cities and in rural areas.
Appearing in small towns and rural areas, discount and supermarket chains are in competition with local
shops and local producers.
The aim of the article is to show the scale of new retail investment in small towns and rural areas in Poland.
Research devoted to this field is important from the point of view of choosing the location of new431

investments related to discount chains and of the strategy for the development of small towns and rural
areas. Identification of consequences of the operation of discount chains in chosen in rural areas and insmall towns can impact the verification of the policy adopted by local authorities in relation to spatialplanning and forming the functional structure.
Identification of consequences of the operation of modern retail formats in chosen in rural areas and insmall towns can impact the verification of the policy adopted by local authorities in relation to spatialplanning and forming the functional structure of the space [Brunetta, Caldarice 2016]. It will result in more
conscious (rational) decisions in terms of localising new discounts, which will reduce the number of local
conflicts related to the location of such facilities.

Migration Diversity and House Prices – Evidence from Sweden
Mr Adam Tyrcha1, Dr Maria Abreu
1

University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

S36-S1 Real Estate and the Development of Cities and Regions (ERES Special Session)
IUT_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
International migration flows into Sweden have been significant over the past few decades, but the natureof flows has changed over the years, with arrivals including waves of refugee flows from Chile, the Balkancountries, and Asia, as well as labour migration from Northern and Central Europe. This paper examines theimpact of different forms of international and internal migration on housing markets in Sweden, looking
primarily at impacts on house prices. The data covers the period 2000-2015, and 284 municipalities. Our
analysis considers regional differences in the impact of migration flows on house prices, and disentangles
the impact arising from different types of migration, including internal migration within Sweden. Ourfindings suggest migration is generally positively associated with house price increases, but the results
reveal stark regional differences in impacts on housing in different parts of the country. House prices inmajor cities appear to benefit most from international migration with internal migration having little impact,
while in smaller urban areas we see greater house price increases from internal migration, withinternational migration having little effect. Further, migrants with different reasons for migration also havedissimilar impacts on different housing market segments, with refugee migrants having a larger impact than
expected in some cases.

Potential gains from mergers: a case of water supply businesses in Japan
Dr. Takuya Urakami1, Dr. Noriyoshi Nakayama2
1

Kindai University, Osaka, Japan, 2Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan

G24-O4 Empirical Methods in Regional and Urban Analysis
MILC_Room 308, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The Japanese water industry is facing a transitional period reflecting changes in populations, natural
disasters, and the ageing water pipelines and facilities etcetera. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare,which is the regulatory agency for the water supply businesses in Japan, revised the Waterworks Act inDecember 2018 to strengthen the foundations of the water utility management, and then promotion offurther wide-area consolidation was raised as one of the important policy directions. The purpose of thisarticle is to analyze potential merger gains among the Japanese water supply businesses. A DEA based
procedure is applied to tackle this issue and 141 observations in Tokai-area (Gif, Aichi, Shizuoka and Mie
prefecture) were used for this analysis. The obtained results are as follows: (1) Efficiency score tends to be432

one for relatively smaller water supply business; (2) on five years average, there are potential merger gains
in thirty one merger cases out of fifty six; (3) especially, efficiency gain tends to appear in the case ofmergers with very small water supply business with its employee number is one.

Local product-service innovation systems: What type of KIBS contributes most to local manufacturingperformance?
Prof. Yancy Vaillant2, Dr. Krisztina Horváth3, Dr Esteban Lafuente1
1

Department of Management. UPC Barcelona Tech, Barcelona, Spain, 2Department of Strategy, Entrepreneurship &Innovation. Toulouse Business School (TBS), Toulouse, Toulouse, France, 3Regional Innovation and EntrepreneurshipResearch Center (RIERC). Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary, , Hungary

S10-S1 Territorial Servitization
IUT_Room 402, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Rather than local industrial specialization, the local hybrid value chains composed of a diverse set ofcomplementary product and service providers are increasingly perceived to be more adequate fordeveloping local product-service innovation systems (Lafuente et al., 2018). In such an innovation
ecosystem, the role of indigenous knowledge-intensive service provision is key where knowledge-intensive
business service firms (KIBS) have been found to be crucial for the renaissance of local industry (Horváth &Rabetino, 2018). Consequently, value-adding industrial innovation is likely to vary according to the functionsof the value chain that are readily accessible locally.
Service provision is crucially important for the innovation capabilities of local industry in the mostknowledge-intensive stages of the value chain. KIBS have been categorized into two main groups,
technology-based KIBS (T-KIBS) and professional-based KIBS (P-KIBS) (Doloreux and Shearmur, 2010). T-KIBS
tend to used complex technologies, bare higher innovation investments and depend to a great extent of thecreation, absorption and distribution of knowledge. P-KIBS, on the other hand, are based on professional
services and support activities that depend more on expertise. The exclusivity of such expertise is often thesource of a P-KIBS’s competitiveness, and therefore these firms tend to be less prone to transfer theirknowledge to other local firms.
The research objective of the study presented in this paper is therefore to identify whether the positiveeffect of KIBS on the contribution of manufacturing firms to the local economy is stronger among T-KIBS, as
compared to P-KIBS.
To reach this objective, Spatial Durbin Models based on spatial diagnostic tests are applied to data from two
separate sources. Data coming from the Regional Entrepreneurship and Development Index (REDI) for theyears 2012-2014 is complemented by secondary Eurostat data on the regional economic and industrial
performance across Europe.
The results of the study suggest that territorial servitization processes are taking place in many EU regions(Lafuente et al., 2017). The territorial presence of an active hybrid value chain composed of a mixture ofindustrial and KIBS firms is associated with greater average manufacturing GVA. Therefore, the local
presence of KIBS firms pays-off for manufacturers and the territorial product-service innovation system.
However, when separating t-KIBS and p-KIBS, regional benefits are only found for t-KIBS businesses.

Sectorial productivity linkages through Brazilian economic structure433

Vinicius Vale1, Kênia Souza, Fernando Perobelli
1Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil

G08-O6 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The productivity is a crucial and central theme on economic development debate. It is a key factor that may
increase the international competitiveness and drive a long-term economic growth. However, the effects ofproductivity gains are not homogeneous. The sectorial productivity gains may impact the economy in adifferent way.
Thus, this paper aims to analyze the sectorial productivity spillover effect in the Brazilian economy. In orderto reach this aim, we used an applied general equilibrium model calibrated to the Brazilian economy for2010 and 2015. Our Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model has its analytical and functional structure
based on the ORANI-G (a Generic Single-Country CGE Model). The numerical structure is calibrated based on
the Brazilian System of National Accounts (SNA) provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography andStatistics (IBGE), which had allowed us to consider 68 activities and 128 products.
In order to map the sectorial productivity spillover effect in the Brazilian economy, we had considered ahomogeneous increase in the sectorial productivity by 1%. The productivity increase has been implemented
by sector separately in order to isolated the effect of each of them. Furthermore, we had considered two
years, 2010 and 2015, to capture the effect of the economic downturn in Brazil during the period.
We contribute to the literature and the policy debate through a prospective study able to create abackground about the sectorial productivity in Brazil and their heterogeneous spillover effects in theeconomy. Our results may indicate strategies of investment that may boost the Brazilian economy, since itbrings some potential effects on key macroeconomic and sectorial variables. In other words, by the map of
the sectorial productivity spillover effect, we had pointed out those sectors that has greater potential toaffect the economy as result of a productivity increase.

Global value chains in the biotechnology market: an assessment of Russian companies
Ms Olga Valieva3
1

Institute Of Economic And Industrial Engineering Siberian Branch Of The Russian Academy Of Sciences, Novosibirsk ,Russian Federation, 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk , Russian Federation, 3Novosibirsk State Technical
University, Novosibirsk , Russian Federation

G07-O5 Innovation and Regional Development
UdL_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The study examines the creation of global value chains in the biopharmaceutical sector of Russia in generaland in Siberian companies in particular. Problems are studied at all stages of research, production and sales
cycles. The degree of incorporation of Siberian biotechnology companies into global value chains isanalyzed. Survey results showed that domestic companies are poorly embedded in global value chains. As arule, in the markets of “red” biotechnologies it is the import of primary highly purified / low-purified
substances, depending on the sphere of use in the final product and the export of high-tech services in the434field of R & D. The weak link of our market in GVC is engineering and distribution. In the markets of "green"
biotechnology, in which one can identify segments of genetic engineering (breeding new plant varieties, GM
crops), biotechnologies for livestock and plant growing, high competitiveness and export potential have so
far formed only in the market of biological plant protection products. However, the pace of growth is far
behind the world. This gap is due to several factors: high supply of plant protection chemicals from global
corporations, difficulties in registering their own developed drugs, limited financial resources, lack ofgovernment funding and support measures.

Cross-border commuting between neighbouring EU-countries
Dr Lourens Broersma1, Dr Arjen Edzes1, Prof. Jouke Van Dijk1
1

University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

S41-S2 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In a dynamic labour market, a high degree of labour mobility is desirable to help employment adjust
favourably to changing demand conditions. An inefficient allocation of labour resources may negatively
affect the longer-term employment level and growth rate of potential economic output and, in the shortrun, limit the pace at which an economy can grow. Therefore, the free movement of labour between
countries constitutes still one of the central principles of the EU and is an important component of thecompletion of the single market. As far as allocation of labour resources is concerned, European borderregions are particularly vulnerable. Often they are located in peripherical parts of the country where they
are not very well connected to the national urban and economic centres. To achieve more cooperation andintegration, economic growth and prosperity, cross-border cooperation and the possibilities of cross-bordercommuting become a serious option to improve the allocation of labour and the regional economic
situation in border regions in European countries. This is the first major analysis of cross-border commuting
between European countries. A model of cross-border commuting was developed and estimated for EUcountries and Switzerland for 1998-2016. Commuting is determined by the situation in both living andworking countries. We find that (i) real hourly wages, (ii) the share of highways, (iii) the unemployment rate(iv) the distance between EU-countries and (v) a common language determine total EU-cross-bordercommuting and commuting by gender, education and age.

Losing Ground? On Sinkhole Collapses and House Prices
Dr. Mark van Duijn1, Prof. dr. ir Arno van der Vlist1
1

University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

S36-S1 Real Estate and the Development of Cities and Regions (ERES Special Session)
IUT_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Sinkholes are a natural hazard of national scope. The repair of real estate, infrastructure and nature
represents a significant cost for local governments. Moreover, the unpredictable nature of sinkholes has
important implications on the demand for housing. This study investigates the short- and long-term impractof sinkhole collapses on local house prices. We propose a novel approach by comparing quality-adjusted
single family homes in a predefined target and control area before and after the occurrence of sinkholes.
We also model the spatial and temporal dimensions of the impact of sinkhole collapses using data for
Orange County, Florida, between 2000 and 2014. We find evidence of regional effects of sinkhole collapses435

on house prices. The effects are small, but persistent. We find no evidence that sinkhole collapses haveshort-term local external effects on nearby house prices.

Global patterns of inventive activity in medical technology. Is there a global shift and what are the growthmechanisms?
MSc Pieter Stek2, Prof. dr. Marina Van Geenhuizen1
1

TU Delft, Professor at Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft, Netherlands, 2TU Delft, PhD student Facultyof Technology, Policy and Management, Delft, Netherlands

S17-S2 Geography of science and the spatial dimension of scientific activity
IUT_Room 201, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Between citizen sensing and living labs: key performance factors in co-production of improved urban
health conditions
Prof. Marina Van Geenhuizen1, MBA Anna Berti Suman2
1

TU Delft, Delft, Netherlands, 2Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands

S20-S1 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

Populism in regions of decline: Livability in declining regions and populistic voting in the Dutch national
elections.
Ms. Vera Hoogenboom1, Prof. Eveline Van Leeuwen1, Dr. Solmaria Halleck Vega1
1

Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

S43-S2 Geography of discontent: Explanations and policies
IUT_Room 205, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The last years the population in most European countries has been declining. In the Netherlands, the total
population is still growing but has many regions that are declining. In the Netherlands growing and shrinking
regions are close to each other. Inhabitants of shrinking regions are therefore fearful of the consequencesof the population decline. The livability can be compromised by the decline of the population in that region.
Inhabitants of shrinking region have less trust in the national politics as these regions feel abandoned andnot heard. Less trust in the national politics can lead to populistic voting. As populistic voting is a voteagainst the current “elite” establishment. People who vote populistic are not satisfied with the living
situation. As livability can be compromised by population decline, the inhabitants of shrinking regions canvote more populistic than inhabitants of growing regions. This research answers the question: Do
inhabitants of shrinking regions in the Netherlands vote more populistic at the national elections whencontrolling for socio-demographic and economic factors? The voting data of the national elections iscollected from the polling stations of the years 2012 and 2017. The socio-demographic and economic
factors of the districts are gathered for the years 2012 and 2016. Three models have been developed on thedata, a model for the voting year 2012, 2017 and the difference between 2012 and 2017. The data is436

clustered on district level, where additional data has been added at the municipality level. A linear
regression shows that there is a relationship between populistic voting and people living in shrinking
regions. Livability is determined as accessibility, distance to facilities and commitment to the region. When
there is a community feeling within the region, the inhabitants vote less populistic. The results show thatinvesting in the livability of shrinking regions can make inhabitants vote less populistic. The politician of the
Dutch government can make the inhabitants of shrinking regions feel more heard, so these inhabitants will
feel more included to the politics and the country.

The Implications of Brexit for UK and EU Regional Competitiveness
Dr Mark Thissen2, Prof. Frank van Oort1, Prof Philip McCann4, Prof Raquel Ortega-Argilles3
1

Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Den Haag,
Netherlands, 3City-REDI, Birmingham University, Birmingham, UK, 4Sheffield University, Sheffield, UK

S34-S2 Regional Modelling: New Approaches and Data
MILC_Room 308, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
We analyse the impact of Brexit on the UK and EU regional economies by determining its consequences forthe competitiveness of firms. In order to examine the initial impact before substitution of intermediate
inputs takes place, our analysis employs a uniquely-detailed and comprehensive dataset which allows us todistinguish between the Brexit-related direct cost/price effects due to a tariff on export markets, theindirect global value-chain cost effects, and the spatial competition effects underpinning regional
competitiveness across both the UK and the EU. In order to examine the effects of Brexit on UK and EU on
the costs of firms we split the impact into an economic analysis part which examines the sensitivity (in termsof cost elasticities) of regional sectors to tariff barriers, and then a political economy part regarding thedifferent potential Brexit scenarios which may arise relating to both tariff and non-tariff barriers. In thispaper we apply the principle of revealed competition between regions (Thissen et al. 2013, Van Oort &Thissen 2017) to the effect of policies (i.e. Brexit) on costs of different industries allowing for both the
product competition and the spatial-competition overlaps in a regional industry’s sales markets in European
regions and the rest of the world taking value chains into account.
Our analysis demonstrates the adverse competitiveness shocks on the UK are only slightly greater for thelargest trade partners in the EU such as the Netherlands, but much greater than for the rest of the EU, andthat it is the economically weaker non-core regions of the UK which suffer the most. Moreover, ongoingnegotiations on a Brexit treaty may improve the adverse shocks for the economically strong regions, but it
will not help the economically weaker regions. We show that even amongst the non-core UK regions, thoseregions which are relatively stronger face less adverse competiveness shocks than those which are relatively
weaker. It is even the case that the stronger regions may have positive competitiveness shocks at theexpensive of the economically weaker regions. In other words, Brexit will not only make the core-peripheryinequalities across the UK greater, but those core-periphery inequalities which exist within both non-core
and core UK regions are also likely to increase. In mainland Europe we see a comparable pattern with astrengthening of the core-periphery structure in several countries due to Brexit and a higher adverse impact
on the economic weaker regions.

Spatial structure, urban hierarchy and productivity in European regions
Prof. Frank van Oort1, Wessel Ouwehand1, Dr Nicola Cortinovis1
1

Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands437

S39-S2 Understanding urbanisation at a global scale: definitions and empirical analyses (OECD and European
Commission)
IUT_Room 202, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Within urban economics, findings related to the impact of external economies of urban size on productivity
are increasingly complemented by external economies of spatial structure by the inclusion of dimensions
such as polycentricity. It is then argued that hierarchically distributed cities within polycentric urban regions
can mutually ‘borrow’ size and share the associated external economies in a regional context. Similarly,
polycentricity has been gaining popularity among policy makers as it is assumed to benefit both
intraregional cohesion as well as interregional competition. However, empirical evidence for the impact ofpolycentricity till date remains ambiguous due to diverging methodologies and conceptualizations. The aimof this paper is twofold, as it strives to harmonize its findings on the impact of spatial organization on
productivity for European TL2 regions with the existing knowledge base – which is mainly US-based – while
also introducing several measurement and estimation improvements. We predict regional total factor
productivity with both ordinary least squares and two-stage least-squares models, and find that significant
causal effects exist for both urban size and structure. While confirming the general finding within theliterature that a larger urban size positively affects productivity, we also find that an interaction between
size and polycentricity has a negative effect, which suggests an inability of regions consisting of polycentriccity networks to substitute for the urbanization externalities associated with a single large city.

The role of multinational enterprises in economic diversification: evidence from Mexico
Dr. Enrico Vanino1, Dr. Alexander Jaax2
1

London School Of Economics, London, United Kingdom, 2OECD, Paris, France

G08-YS1 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
IUT_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Recent studies have analysed how industrial and economic diversification are associated with countries’
economic growth and resilience. This paper analyses the role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) inpromoting the economic diversification of Mexican municipalities thorough the introduction of new
industries. We explore whether economic diversification is purely limited to the activities conducted by
MNEs or if it also encompasses changes in the activities of domestic firms. Our results indicate that theentry of pioneering FDIs positively affects the probability of subsequent entry by domestic firms. Finally, we
look at the effect of spillovers across related industries and neighbouring municipalities.

Investment forecast error: a spatial story
Ms Stefanie Vanneste1, prof dr Stijn Goeminne1
1

Ghent University, , Belgium

G03-YS1 Big Data and Regional Science
IUT_Room 203, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
See extended abstract online.

The economic effects of entrepreneurship policy
Prof. Attila Varga1, Prof. László Szerb1, Dr. Tamás Sebestyén1, Mr. Norbert Szabó1
1

University of Pécs, , HUNGARY

438

S19-S2 Regional Entrepreneurship Policy
UdL_Room 103, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Recent findings suggest that policies supporting entrepreneurship should be considered in the palette of
public interventions promoting economic growth. Despite the growing evidence, it is still unknown to what
extent a given policy intervention would affect economic growth in a particular country or region and how
these effects might change over time. These effects can be estimated with economic impact models. GMREurope is the first available model that estimates the economic impacts of entrepreneurship policy. In thispaper we introduce the most recent version of GMR-Europe. To illustrate the capacity of the model thepaper provides a detailed policy impact assessment analysis.

An agent-based model of innovation-related cooperation: policy simulations for Hungarian high-growthfirms.
Ms Anna Csajkás2, Dr. Tamás Sebestyén1,2, Prof. Attila Varga1,2
1

University Of Pécs, Faculty Of Business And Economics, Pécs, Hungary, 2MTA-PTE Innovation and Economic Growth
Research Group, Pécs, Hungary

S14-S1 Collaboration-based innovation policies: theory, empirics and practitioner feedbacks
UdL_Room 106, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Building on previous literature on the role of proximity dimensions in knowledge flows, we introduce anagent-based model, which is appropriate for simulating knowledge network formation among fast-growing
firms. For empirical underpinning of the model, we use survey data on the Hungarian high-tech gazelles’
egocentric network. The advantage of the current database is that it contains information about innovationpurpose cooperation in general, covering different types of links between firms. As a result, the scope of theinvestigation is not limited to exclusive forms of connections like participation in the same EU Framework
Programme. In the current study, agents represent firms or universities placed in the two-dimensional
abstract social space where they are moving. Their initial position is determined by their network distance,
which is measured by the shortest path among them. In line with the gravity principle, we assume that
attractiveness between two agents is affected by geographical, organizational, institutional and social
proximity as well as by the innovative mass of the two organizations. Agents are moving toward each otheraccording to this gravitational force and other idiosyncratic parameters, so their position in the social spaceis changing in each time step, rearranging network ties as a result. For illustrative purposes, we show exante policy simulations in which we demonstrate how the agent-based policy simulation could help indeveloping smart specialization strategies.

The political economy of mountain zoning and its impact on rural development and farming activities(1958-1999)
Dr. Lionel Vedrine1, Msc Guillaume Roulleau
1

CESAER, AgroSup, INRA, UBFC, DIJON, France

S22-S2 The politics of local and regional development
IUT_Room 303, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This article aims to evaluate the impact of mountain zoning in France.

439

City size and exit from unemployment in bad times : evidences from the French army restructuring
Dr. Mathieu Sanch-Maritan2, Dr. Lionel Vedrine1
1

CESAER, AgroSup, INRA, UBFC, DIJON, France, 2CREAM, Rouen , France

S51-S3 Counterfactual methods for regional policy evaluation: Policies for regions and cities
IUT_Room 304, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This article explores the role of city size on unemployment volatility. We present
a simple new economic geography model of labor pooling to illustrate how the relation
between economic shocks and local unemployment can be mitigated by city size. Then,we exploit a quasi-natural experiment by studying the economic impact of 357 local
shocks both negative and positive generated by the reform and the restructuring of theFrench army. Exploiting a geo-referenced dataset of unemployment spell over an extensive
period of time (2005-2014), we are able to measure the impact of these local shock on the rate at whichunemployed workers and a job. To construct a credible counterfactualfor each zone which experienced a closure, we use an interactive fixed effects model.
We show that contractions in military personnel reduce the local likelihood of finding ajob. Moreover, our results reveal some heterogeneity in the local economy's resilience.
In line with our theoretical model, we show that city size is a relevant explanation forthe observed heterogeneity in resilience: the likelihood of finding a job is less affected indenser area by a relative equal-sized shift in labor demand.

Cluster policy evaluation: evidence from African SMEs
Dr. Ferran Vendrell-herrero1, Dr. Christian Darko1, Prof. Yancy Vaillant2
1

University Of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 2Toulouse Business School, Toulouse, France

G08-O5 Regional Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity
UdL_Room 105, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
For the last three decades cluster policy has been an extremely resilient policy to enhance regional
competitiveness. Whilst there are various cases of success (i.e. Basque Country) there is still the need todevelop policy instruments that enable regulators and cluster managers to better respond to social
demands and economic challenges. This is particularly important in business environments that fall behindin terms of institutional development and public funding support for businesses. We argue that this isprecisely the conditions faced of manufacturing firms in some African countries.
Public budget constraints in many African countries limit their ability to provide the necessary level ofmonetary support needed to implement hard industrial policies to support the competitiveness of African
firms. Other mechanisms therefore such as soft policies can become important to support and facilitate
local firm development. In this vein the creation of cluster zones has been advocated as a way to stimulate
local firms to compete and ultimately increase their productivity. Cluster membership may be particularly
important for SMEs as they lack the scale and resources of large MNEs to invest in innovation projects. The
advantages to clustered firms are associated with connectedness although the conditions for theseadvantages to emerge are predicated on institutional support and social exchange. Based on thesearguments we hypothesize that cluster membership increase productivity in African manufacturing firms;
and that this effect is larger when the country has devoted intentional resources in order to implement thisindustrial strategy.
In order to respond to this question the authors draw on the World Bank Enterprise Survey. The crosssectional surveys conducted in nine African Countries during 2010 contain 1,111 African SMEs in various
manufacturing industries. The sample includes the question on whether the firm belongs to a cluster440

association. In the sample 28% of the firms are members of cluster associations. As a measure of firm
productivity we use labour productivity. The treatment effect for both, the full sample and matched subsample constructed using nearest neighbour propensity matching score, indicate that cluster associates are
more productive than non-cluster firms. We implement a series of counterfactual exercises to understandhow non-cluster firms would benefit from joining a cluster association and conclude that the benefit isstronger when the government develops an intentional industrial policy towards the use of cluster zones.
This result opens an interesting avenue for further research.

Are cities densifying or decentralizing? A global analysis using functional urban areas
Dr Ana Moreno Monroy1, Dr. Paolo Veneri1, Mr Marcello Schiavina2
1

OECD, Paris, France, 2EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy

S39-S1 Understanding urbanisation at a global scale: definitions and empirical analyses (OECD and European
Commission)
IUT_Room 202, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper proposes a method to define the boundaries of urban economic agglomerations – or functional
urban areas (FUAs) – in the whole world and assesses patterns of population growth within suchagglomerations. The method builds on the EC-OECD definition of FUAs, which are composed of urban
centres least 50 thousand people surrounded by interconnected commuting zones. The estimation ofcommuting zone borders relies on the use of population gridded data with regular cells of one-km2 acrossthe globe. Commuting zones surrounding urban centres are identified by relying on the estimatedprobability that a one square-kilometre cell with at least 300 inhabitants is part of a FUA. Such probabilities
are the outcome of a logit model that relies on characteristics at both cell and country level. For thisclassification problem, a set of about one thousand FUAs in 31 countries is used to construct a training setof about half a million points. Results show that around 54% of the world population live in urban
agglomerations, out of which 12% live in their commuting zones. Both these shares increase with level ofdevelopment, with the proportion of suburban population in developed countries disproportionallyovercoming that of the rest of the world. Since 1990, the increase in population in commuting zones as apercentage of the total FUAs’ population has been fastest in Europe and Latin America.

Do secondary motives shape migration? The interplay between labour markets, residential qualities andfamily ties.
Dr. Viktor Venhorst1
1

University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

S41-S4 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
It is generally reported that short distance moves are associated with residential motives whereas longer
distance moves are more often related to labour market or educational motives. Yet, at the same time, in
the Graves -Linneman type of frameworks moves are viewed more in terms of a trade off with migrants
willing to trade labour market outcomes for untradeable local amenities. Such untradeable amenities can
include family networks. Such networks might be instrumental in finding better matches in labour andresidential markets, but moving closer to or away from family might be a goal in its own right as well. This441

suggests that looking at migration as a multi faceted decision, rather than a one dimensional work - housing
dichotomy might prove fruitful in deepening our understanding of what drives interregional migration. Evenif a longer distance move is undertaken for the primary motive of finding work, secondary motives may
prove vital in making the ultimate decision as to whether to move at all, and if so what the destination
might be.
In this paper we will investigate primary and secondary motives for migration. We will try and establish
which combinations of primary and secondary motives occur, and what their prevalence is. We will
investigate whether there are differences between subgroups that have received ample attention in theliterature, such as young recent graduates, families, elderly. In particular, we investigate to what extent
more classic motives such as labour, education and residence, coincide with motives related to family
networks. Furthermore we investigate whether different profiles are associated with different migration
outcomes.
Data (Niedomysl et al, 2009): This paper uses survey data collected in collaboration with Statistics Sweden inspring 2007 via a postal questionnaire sent to a stratified sample of 10,000 Swedish migrants, of a total
population of 244,704 migrants who had moved at least 20 km in 2006.
The dataset has been used in motive research before (Niedomysl et al 2009, 2011), looking into therelationship between migration motives and return migration for example. Specifically we will use thequestions on primary and secondary motives, and on specific reasons to either stay or leave particularareas.

The early career effects of being self-employed while studying
Dr. Viktor Venhorst1
1

University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

S41-S5 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
In attempts to stimulate entrepreneurship in a general sense and university-business relations specifically,
entrepreneurship is given more and more emphasis in curricula of Institutes of Higher Education (HEIs).
Students are taught and stimulated to start their own businesses early in their careers. Unfortunately
however, little is known about the impact of student self-employment on the development of their careers
later on, either in self-employment or in wage employment. This study assesses, using longitudinal Dutch
register data on recent HEI graduates, to what extent self-employment experience as a student influences
the propensity of being self-employed after graduation, earnings from self-employment after graduationand finally, wages from dependent employment after graduation.
We find that, on average, self-employed students outperform their peers without self-employment
experience: In the first years after graduation, they earn higher wages and, if running a firm, have higher
income from self-employment.
After controlling for selection into student self-employment, the enabling effects of partners anddifferences in industries, we find positive effects on continued self-employment for men and women, as
well as on the likelihood of being in dependent employment for men. However, we find no effect of selfemployment experience as a student on subsequent income from self-employment. Also, we find evidence
for slight negative effects on wages further into the careers of men and women.

442This leads us to conclude that, even though student self-employment signals persons with great potential
on the labour market, it does not foster more successful outcomes. We find no convincing evidence of alearning effect that can be capitalized upon in the early labour market careers of graduates.

Terrorism determinants, model uncertainty and space in Colombia
Dr. María Vera-Cabello1, Dr. Marcos Sanso-Navarro2, Dr. Fernando Sanz-Gracia2
1

Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain, 2Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

G04-O1 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 202, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This paper studies the socioeconomic determinants of terrorism at the sub-national level in Colombia. With
this aim, and in order to deal with model uncertainty, a Bayesian model averaging framework has been
implemented to departmental data. The variables robustly linked with terror are the importance of thesocial, communal and personal services sector and the employment rate. These findings suggest that theviolence experienced by this country during the sample period analyzed was mainly driven by economic
grievances. Therefore, a sensible strategy to struggle with terrorism in similar contexts should consist ofincreasing its opportunity cost. Previous results are not significantly altered by using relative measures ofterror, specifying alternative parameters and model priors, or controlling for the possible presence of
spatial spillovers.

Exploring school segregation between natives, immigrants and refugees in urban Greece: the case studyof Larisa
Dr. Paschalis Arvanitidis1, Dr. Pinelopi Vergou1, Dr. Panos Manetos2, Mr. George Grigoriou1
1

Department of Economics, University of Thessaly, , Greece, 2Department of Planning and Regional Development,
University of Thessaly, , Greece

S41-S3 Drivers of interregional migration: new insights on the role of local labour markets, human capital,
personality and (family) networks
IUT_Room 201, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Greece has been an ethnically homogeneous country, but over the last 30 years it has received a substantial
number of immigrants (comprising 20% of the population) from countries with few, if any, historic or
cultural links. Studies examined the social and spatial implications of in-migration reporting a trend where
incomers move into urban areas and showing a tendency to concentrate in specific districts, a pattern thatwas enhanced by the xenophobic intolerance of the natives.
Moreover, since 2012 Greece has received a substantial influx of refugees, coming mainly from Syria,
Afghanistan and Iraq and having as ultimate destination the Western Europe. These inflows peaked in 2015,
counted to more than a million people, to slow down in 2016, mainly due to the EU-Turkey Agreement andtight border controls by EU and neighboring countries, leaving refugees “trapped” in Greece for anindefinite period. In response, the State has deployed policies for the spatial allocation, settlement andaccommodation of these people aiming to ensure the quality of life for both newcomers and the existing
population and to facilitate integration.
This paper examines the social-spatial configuration of refugee and immigrant accommodation in Greece inan attempt to identify whether these formations give rise to urban and school segregation. In particular, weanalyze the locational pattern of refugee and immigrant accommodation, as this is reflected in the school443

enrolments of their children, aiming to shed light on the segregation dynamics that a specific city
experiences. This the city of Larisa, a medium size city in European terms but the 5th largest city in Greece,
which has received a significant number of both immigrants and refugees. To do so the study employs
secondary data related the primary-school enrolments of both immigrant and refugee children in the city of
Larisa. These are analyzed in comparison to the residential distribution of the native population. Available
information concerns the socio-economic profile of neighbourhoods at census tract level. Further data are
acquired through in-depth semi-structured interviews with key actors in education, such as teachers andadministrators.

Modelling the regional labour market for midwives in Denmark with LINE, an interregional SAM-type 2by-2-by-2 principle model
Ms Laura Virtanen1, Prof Bjarne Hartz Madsen2, Mr. Jens Clausen1
1Center for Regional And Tourism Research (CRT), Copenhagen , Denmark, 2The Capital Region of Denmark, Center for
HR, Copenhagen, Denmark

G05-O6 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The Capital Region of Denmark has the highest share of inhabitants between the age of 20 and 35 in all ofDenmark, representing about 24% of the total population in the region in 2016. In addition, the number ofbirths in the Capital Region are expected to grow by 22% between 2016 and 2030. This is likely to havedirect effects on the demand for midwives, gynecologists, obstetricians and pediatric specialists. Currently,
there is a relatively balanced labour market for midwives in the Capital Region of Denmark. However, will
the stock of qualified midwives be enough to meet higher demand in the future? How many more midwives
will there be necessary to educate in order to retain a balanced labour market going out to 2035?
In order to assess the demand and supply of labor with educational qualifications in midwifery, the healthversion of the Local Interregional Economic model for Danish municipalities LINE has been used. The healthversion of LINE includes several model extensions, including an extended stock-flow demographic submodel, a sub-model for the demand for individual governmental consumption, as well as the labour market
sub-model. In order to accurately forecast the supply health care personnel, an education-graduation submodel has been imbedded into the demographic model. For the sake of this paper, only the labour market
for midwives is considered.
As reported by the Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science, the educational capacity for midwives
increased by 30 additional seats in 2018 in The Capital Region of Denmark. As an alternative scenario, thiseffect has been manually included in the in the model as a one-off increase of 30 additional admissions into
the midwifery program. A forecast of this scenario, representing the consequences on demand and supplyof labour with midwifery education, is presented.

Impact of fiscal and political decentralization on the government quality in Central and Eastern Europe
Mr Josip Viskovic1, Mrs Maja Herman1
1

Faculty Of Economics, Business and Tourism, University of Split, Split, Croatia

G09-O2 Regional Finance, Fiscal Issues, Investment or Capital Markets
IUT_Room 304, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Since seventies of the 20th century the process of decentralization has spread the world, and today morethan 95% of the democratic countries are decentralized. According to World Bank decentralization may
appear in the following forms: political, administrative, fiscal and market decentralization. The accent of this444

paper is on the fiscal and political decentralization and their effect on the government quality. Namely,
political and fiscal decentralization should result in well-organized and more efficient government. There
are numerous papers that have mostly confirmed the positive impact of fiscal decentralization on
government quality, while there have been less papers and with vague results on the impact of politicaldecentralization. The idea of this paper is to study the impact of fiscal and political decentralization on thegovernment quality in seventeen Central and Eastern European countries for period 1998 – 2012. Moreoverby forming an interaction variable between political and fiscal decentralization, the impact ofabovementioned decentralization on the government quality for these countries is further explored.
Hypotheses that fiscal decentralization positively influences the government quality, but that politicaldecentralization reduces its positive impact will be tested by multiple linear regression analysis. Fiscal
decentralization will be measured by the budget indicators obtained from the International Monetary Fund
Database Government Finance Statistics (GFS), while political decentralization will be measured by indicator
Authority taken from the World Bank Database of Political Institutions. Control of corruption, rule of law,regulatory quality and government effectiveness will be used as government quality indicators and areavailable from World Bank Governance Indicators. Adequate control variables such as GDP per capita andgovernment size will be used as well.

A Structural Equation Model for Place-Based Love for Swedish Cities
Dr Marie Wahlström1, Dr Bart Neuts2, Dr Karima Kourtit3, Professor Peter Nijkamp3
1

Tyréns AB, Stockholm, Sweden, 2KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 3JADS - Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, 'sHertogenbosch, The Netherlands

G04-O2 Regional and Urban Development
IUT_Room 207, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
In recent years there has been increased interest in local factors that shape the happiness of citizens inregard to their daily living and working environment (sometimes also coined ‘city love’ or ‘neighbourhood
love’). This new strand of literature – often also framed in the context of the ‘geography of happiness’ – isan extension of quantitative socio-psychological research on determinants of affection for the living
environment of urban inhabitants, including local quality-of-life, sense of community, place-based social
capital, and so forth. This paper conceptualizes the effect of urban characteristics on place attachment and‘city soul’ – as a measure of emotional connectedness to the city – in four Swedish cities: Stockholm,
Malmö, Gotenborg, and Umeå. Resident surveys were conducted among a total of 2573 respondents andthe relationship between variables and factors was tested via a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation
Model (PLS-SEM). A preliminary principal component analysis suggested six underlying factors in urban
indicators: Aesthetics, Amenities, Accessibility, Safety and Health, City Image, and Green spaces. A PLS-SEM
model on the full dataset revealed significant effects of Aesthetics, Amenities, Accessibility, Safety and
Health, and City Image on place attachment. Furthermore, there was a direct positive effect of Aesthetics
and City image on ‘city soul’ as well, which was further influenced by place attachment. City-level analysis
revealed some place-specific differences. In general, Aesthetics seemed to be the most universal driver forplace attachment while City image was the most important determinant to contribute to ‘city soul’ – in bothcases with the exception of Malmö. Surprisingly, Green spaces did not show significance in any of the tested
models.

Urban commons: the colorful family
Dr. Frédéric Wallet1, Pr Leila KEBIR2
1

INRA Agroparistech, Paris, France, 2University of Lausanne, Sion, Switzerland

445

S20-S3 Collective action, commons and commoning : towards the emergence of new forms of territorial
development processes?
UdL_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The proliferation of initiatives in the commons movement has been evident for some years. Polymorphic, it
affects many areas of activity and is spread over a wide variety of territories, from rural to large cities.
However, if we take a closer look, these initiatives do not, far from it, constitute a homogeneous family thatstrictly corresponds to the canonical definition of commons as it appears in Ostrom's reflections oncommon pool resources, or in works based on exclusion and rivalry criteria.
In this way, understanding the current success of the commons requires a precise examination of theirdiversity, which should make it possible to position these initiatives according to an analytical gridhighlighting the resources concerned, the mobilized communities, and the developed governancemechanisms, as well as the motivations that drove local actors to engage in these new forms of collective
action. Beyond this, there is a need to identify how these operations spread in time and space, and what are
there relations with the diversity of coordination mechanisms in place, from the market to interventions, inorder to consider their territorial impact and contribution to new forms of urban model.
This paper aims at understanding the diversity of the models of commons. Starting from the presentationof the results of a research program carried out in France on about 150 cases and ten monographs, weelaborated a grid of analysis reflecting the dynamism, the variety, but also of a certain fragility of theinitiatives composing the movement of the urban commons. First, we propose a conceptual statement,
highlighting the way in which new forms of urban commons lead us to discuss the usual definitions ofcommons. In a second part we present the method of analysis and the main results, making it possible toestablish a typology of urban commons. Finally, we discuss the territorial anchoring of these initiatives andto what extent they contribute, or not, to the emergence of new models of territorial development.

Supporting Half the Sky: Chinese vs EU Social Constructs and the Gender Pay Gap
Dr Ana Tubadji2, Prof. Don Webber1
1

Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, 2University of the West of England, Bristol, England

S24-S1 Neo-Weberian Approaches to China: Cultural Attitudes and Economic Development
IUT_Room 415, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
This paper examines how social constructs shape the influence of gender and motherhood on the gender
pay gap around the world. We analyse the universality of the social construct about women as child bearers
rather than being equal to male co-workers in the labour market. We also adopt a Weberian cultural
relativity perspective across space, and particularly between the EU and Chinese regions. Estimations of a
Mincer-Lemieux specification of the Mincer wage equation using data drawn from the World Values Survey
confirms the role of the social construct about females as being child bearers, which has a strong
geographical omnipresent effect and is nuanced by local culture. ‘Supporting half the sky’ is a role for thefemale worker that remains associated with fewer opportunities for females to benefit from their educationand skills, irrespective of the Chinese or Western type economic system. What drives the negative effect ofchildren on the gender pay gap is the imposition of societal expectations and educationally engrained selfperceptions about the role of the woman as child bearer.

GoSmart – a common transnational S3 framework for internationalization in the Baltic Sea Region
Dr. Jan Wedemeier1, Mirko Kruse1, Prof. Dr. Wieslaw Urban2, Robert Girejko2
1

Hamburg Institute Of International Economics (HWWI), Bremen, Germany, 2Bialystok University of Technology ,Bialystok, Poland446

G06-O5 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The smart specialization strategy (S3) is one of the key instruments for Europe’s regional development. S3gives a new building block for collaboration in the European Union Cohesion policy. It considers the regional
diversity to build a competitive advantage and increase the position in the knowledge economy. Moreover,the framework suggest to focus on different technology strategies, the leader regions capitalize in theinvention of new technology, the followers invest in the co-invention aspect of technologies (Foray et al.
2009, McCann and Ortega-Argilés 2015).
However, the situation in the Baltic Sea region is quite diverse in a sense of the development of the regionalinnovation system (Kruse, Wedemeier 2018). One strategy to develop the competitive advantage ofmoderate innovators regions is to develop a strategy to overcome the localized lock-in problematic. A
transnational S3 is therefore required, which considers interregional knowledge and learning. But theheterogeneity makes it sophisticated to develop and implement such a common strategy. The heresuggested approach of a common transnational S3 framework is developed within an INTERREG Baltic Sea
Region project named “GoSmart – Strengthening smart specialisation by fostering transnational
cooperation”. For this, the project developed a methodology in five process’ sequences, which include
analytical, market technology trends, internationalization potential, and stakeholder aspects in the S3development. The results show that a common approach is useful, against the background that the socioeconomic structural similarities of the selected Baltic Sea regions are very challenging.

How cities process information - Local interactions, complex modularity and urban growth
Dr Joakim Wernberg1
1

Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum, Stockholm, Sweden, 2CIRCLE, Lund university, Lund, Sweden

S27-S2 Entropy, Complexity and Spatial Dynamics: A Rebirth of Theory?
MILC_Room 309, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
There is a large body of empirical evidence that indicate increasing returns to scale with city size, including
more productive workers and firms, higher wages and increased innovation. At face value, these results are
attributed to the city as a whole. However, this does not resonate with the theoretical framework
underpinning agglomeration economies or with the growing body of empirical evidence of highly localized
externalities within cities, in particular those consistent with learning or informational spillovers. In thispaper, I develop a model that builds on complexity and complex systems features to provide a coherent
interpretation for empirical regularities associated to both within-city variations in agglomeration
externalities and increasing productivity gains with city size. The model provides a conceptual explanation of
how individual interactions may self-organize into city-wide modular information processors and atheoretical bridging of the literatures on agglomeration economies and complex systems.

Technological change, trade-offs and digitalization in Swedish healthcare
Dr Joakim Wernberg1
1

Swedish Entrepeneurship Forum, Stockholm, Sweden, 2CIRCLE, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

S06-S2 Changes in health care provision, spatial mobility and access to care
IUT_Room 103, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM

447

In this paper, I develop a conceptual model to identify and analyze trade-offs and critical factors in thedigitalization of healthcare services in Sweden. Focusing on common denominators across sectors indigitalization with respect to social and economic activities, I synthesize findings from the study of (1) multisided platforms, (2) automation and the re-organization of work and (3) data-driven development to the
Swedish healthcare sector. In addition, I use the conceptual model to compare and differentiate between
the traditional healthcare providers and the emerging digital healthcare services provided by entrepreneurs
from the outside of the established institutional framework. The Swedish case provides a combination of adeveloped Nordic welfare state with a high take-up of new digital technologies. This should make for astrong case for the digitalization of healthcare and strong potential for digital entrepreneurship and future
export in digital healthcare services.

Analysing regional accessibility of speed limit adjustments
Dr. Jonas Westin1, Prof. Lars Westin1
1Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

G16-O2 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The Swedish Transport Administration is working on a project to adjust the speed limits on national roads. A
basis for the adjustment is the Vision Zero, a road traffic safety project approved by the Swedish Parliamentin 1997 with the long-term goal to radically reduce the number of fatalities or serious injuries in the roadtransport system. The speed limit adjustments have given rise to criticism since reduced speed limits may
have negative effects on regional accessibility and regional economic development.
The purpose of the paper is to present a methodology for analysing regional consequences of changed
speed limits in the road network.
Since accessibility is a multifaceted phenomenon, the analysis is based on results from two different
transport model systems, SAMPERS and PIPOS. SAMPERS (the Swedish national model system for passenger
transport) is a national travel demand forecast tool developed by the Swedish Transport Administration.
The model uses Logsum calculations as an indicator of accessibility. PIPOS (Pinpoint Sweden) is a GISplatform for analysing geographic accessibility developed by the Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional
Growth. The tool can calculate distances and travel time between different geographical areas and thechange in regional access to workplaces, healthcare, schools and grocery stores etc due to adjusted speed
limits. By comparing the estimated effects from changes of speed limits in the road transport system using
different transport model systems, the project aims to create an in-depth picture of how speed restrictions
affect accessibility and regional development.
Results on regional accessibility from two scenarios are evaluated. In the first scenario, the speed limits on
the national roads are chosen based on principles from the Vision Zero Initiative. In this scenario, the speed
limit is reduced to 80 km/h on roads with no physical separation between traffic traveling in opposite
directions. In the second scenario, accessibility is prioritized over traffic safety and the speed limit on theprioritized national road network is increased to 110 km/h. For both scenarios, a multidimensional
geographical accessibility measure is calculated that varies over space depending on the geographicalattributes of each location.
Combining and comparing results from both models, the paper tries to identify areas and parts of thecountry in the form of regions, stretches and road sections where reduced speed limits can have a448

particularly negative regional impact on accessibility and, in the long run, a negative impact onopportunities for regional economic development.

The symbiotic and dissonant exposed: voicing embeddedness in rural entrepreneurshipProf. Hans Westlund1, Dr. Marcela Ramirez-Pasillas2, Professor Lucia Naldi2
1

KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping, Sweden

G23-O3 Rural Issues
MILC_Room 410, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Embeddedness for entrepreneurship in rural contexts contributes to the recognition of a socio-economic
texture that is useful for creation of business opportunities and network formation (Pato and Texeira, 2016).
Embeddedness is related to economic relations and networks that are influenced due to social attributes
like trust, collective action and the relations further developed by those relations and networks(Granovetter, 1985; Johannisson et al., 2002). There is however limited literature that examines meaningsof the levels of embeddedness for entrepreneurship in rural contexts. This can help obtain a broader
understanding of embeddedness for entrepreneurship in rural context. Thereby, this article aims to examine
the meanings of embeddedness for entrepreneurship in rural contexts by giving voice to stakeholders
making-do entrepreneurship daily.
When investigating entrepreneurship in rural contexts, embeddedness posits the problem of being
multilevel (i.e., individual or company levels, Brailly et al., 2013). At the individual level, entrepreneurshipstudies focus on the influence of personal relationships and networks such as acquaintances, advice,information exchange, collaboration or resource access (Johannisson et al, 1994). At thebusiness/organizational level, entrepreneurship studies focus on organizations operating in networks ofrelationships or partnerships that influence collaboration and performance (Powell, 1996; Powell et al.,2005; Uzzi, 1996, 1997). Thus, a combination of levels helps reveal social structures to underline the role ofsocial resources and social capital in economic activities and thus, disclose the multifacetedness ofembeddedness.
We investigated the meaning of embeddedness for entrepreneurship by conducting a multiple case study at
different levels (Santos and Eisenhardt; 2004) in 21 rural contexts in Sweden. We conducted 54 interviews
with entrepreneurs and municipal officers in situ. The interviews were recorded and transcribed inverbatim. A dataset was constructed per case in order to carry out a cross-case analysis. The cross-caseanalysis allowed us to voice symbiotic and dissonant meanings of embeddedness for entrepreneurship inrural contexts.
Our study contributes to embeddedness literature by showing the interphase of multiple levels forentrepreneurship in rural contexts. We show that rural contexts are more than containers of spatial, socialand economic boundaries (Gaddefors and Anderson, 2018), instead rural contexts constitute vessels ofembeddedness that pull and push entrepreneurship within and outside the rurality in a multiplicity of
directions. Embeddedness combines the use of micro, meso and macro levels. Such combination originates
similarities and differences in the perceptions of embeddedness for entrepreneurship in the rural context.

Firm productivity and territorial resources: evidence from Wallonia (Belgium)
Mr. Pierre-François Wilmotte1, Prof. Marcus Dejardin2, Prof. Jean-Marie Halleux1
1

Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium, 2Université de Namur & UCLouvain , , Belgium

S18-S1 Entrepreneurship and local development: symbiosis and/or dissonance?
UdL_Room 103, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
449

The aim of our paper is to expose some territorial evidence from a model explaining the firm productivity in
Wallonia, the Southern region of Belgium. This model is part of our PhD-thesis project aiming to estimate
the impact of territorial resources on the firm performance in Wallonia. Like many other European regions,
Wallonia faces up to some challenges related to regional development: firm location is largely structured by
agglomeration economies, generating some economic disparities across the region, while public policies in
the regional development field are more focused on infrastructure and inexpensive land supply for somedecades (Gouvernement wallon, 2014; Vandermeer, 2016; Wilmotte & Halleux, 2018).
We have developed an econometric model in order to correlate the productivity of Walloon SMEs with thefirm intern factors estimated from accounting data and with access to territorial resources. By territorial
resources, we mean the specific features of the territories that affect the ability of companies to develop
their business. Our model illustrates the influence of several territorial resources with multi-scale effects:
the key role of wages, the importance of location at European market scale, the effect of proximity to thefirst-rank cities (and not to the second-rank cities in the Walloon study case) and the weak interrelationshipof local infrastructures with firm productivity. The results provide some contributions to the debate forregional development with the key role of agglomeration economies for the SMEs performance.

I just run one LASSO regression
Dr. Piotr Wójcik1
1

Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland

G10-O1 Methods in Regional Science or Urban Economics
MILC_Room 309, August 29, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
The analysis of real economic convergence and its factors is one of the important topics of research in thefield of macroeconomics. It also has important implications for economic policy. The purpose of the article is
to identify factors of income convergence between countries with the use of regularized LASSO regression.
According to the author's best knowledge, this algorithm has never been used in growth regressions before.
Durlauf et al. (2009) indicate difficulties in verifying conditional beta convergence – the choice of control
variables has a key impact on the inference about its occurrence. There is no consensus on what their set isthe best. Conclusions regarding the significance of individual factors may contradict each other.
Different approaches were used to select a best subset of convergence factors. Sala-i-Martin (1997)
considered all combinations of 62 variables and estimated two million regressions, measuring thesignificance of individual explanatory variables by weighted statistics based on all regressions. This approach
was criticized by Hendry and Krolzig (2004), who indicate that to correctly identify statistically significant
convergence factors, it is sufficient to estimate one regression and apply the “general to the specific”
approach. Another alternative makes a use of bayesian model averaging – applied to growth regressions by
Sala-i-Martin et al. (2004) who called this specific approach Bayesian Averaging of Classical Estimates.
In this article an alternative tool is used, namely the LASSO method (Tibishrani, 1996). It is a popularmachine learning tool often used for pre-selection of potentially important explanatory variables. It can also
be used when the initial number of variables exceeds the number of observations. In the case of modeling acontinuous variable using the LASSO method, the cost function in the optimization problem apart fromminimizing the sum of squared residuals also takes into account the sum of absolute values of the model
parameters as an additional constraint. At the expense of a certain bias of the obtained parameter
estimates, LASSO often allows to obtain more precise forecasts on the test sample and, what is important in
the context of this research, select the most important factors of the studied phenomenon by eliminating
the excess variables from the model. The presented article uses leave-one-out cross validation for selection450

of the optimal lambda hyperparameter (the weight of the additional constraint). The algorithm is applied on
empirical data from Sala-i-Martin X. (1997) and Fernández, Ley and Steel (2001), among others.

Creating disaggregate projections for structural data in the context of spatial interaction modelling
Mr. Tim Wörle1, Dr. Tamer Soylu1, Mr. Michael Heilig1, Dr. Martin Kagerbauer1, Prof. Dr. Peter Vortisch1
1

Institute for Transport Studies - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

G(01+02)-O1 Cities, Regions and Digital Transformations
IUT_Room 404, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
Individuals face destination decisions every day. In this context, people look for feasible destinations tosatisfy a certain need: supermarkets allow people to take care of their weekly grocery purchases and local
recreation areas serve as accurate places for spending leisure time. Consequently, the structure of an area
determines its attractiveness with regard to being a destination for different purposes. Traffic demandmodels use attractiveness to model destination choices of people by using spatial interaction models(Wilson 1974). For this purpose, the collection of structural data is required, e.g. retail facilities including
their retail area or cultural offerings and their daily visitors.
For status quo models mapping the current situation, it is usually not difficult to get a sufficient amount of
data, but it becomes more complicated when it comes to forecasting. Most of the structures depend on
population growth in the respective town. Many planning institutions on regional or local levels stipulate
population or employment projections, but projections concerning other structures like shopping or leisureare very rare. Population projections can be done by applying fertility, mortality and migration data to theexisting composition of the population. Another approach for projections in terms of housing locations or
employment are land use models. The development of public facilities (i.e. authorities, parks, playgrounds,
libraries, museums, etc.) or other facilities regulated by land use (i.e. retail, etc.) is rather a result of politicaltrade-offs and decisions. Furthermore, developing a related land use model for every traffic demand model
can be seen as out of proportion. Therefore, a different approach is needed.
The approach presented hereafter contains an estimation of macroscopic growth rates per category (i.e.
restaurants, doctors, etc.) applying a spatial regression, their transformation into single points of interest
using an Iterative Proportional Fitting (IPF) algorithm and their random distribution within designated areas
guided by land use. By applying this approach, a basic forecast for the development of structure will betested. It is expected that this approach allows an unequal distribution of points of interest across the town
while still incorporating the planning regulations. The estimation of structural changes and consequently
calculating new attractiveness of places using this approach will enhance the modelling of individual
decisions within the scope of spatial interaction modelling.
references
Wilson, A. G. (1974): Urban and Regional Models in Geography and Planning: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Headquarters location of apparel manufacturers: A comparative study of Japan and South Korea
Dr. Xueying Wu1, Dr. Takuya Urakami2, Dr. Kazutaka Komiya3, Dr. Woon-Ho Kim4, Dr. Junji Inoguchi5
1

Higashiosaka College, Higashiosaka, Japan, 2Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan, 3University of Hyogo, Kobe, Japan,
Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan, 5Otaru University of Commerce, Otaru, Japan

4

G12-O3 Location of Economic Activity
MILC_Room 310, August 30, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM

451

This study highlights the strategic decision undertaken by apparel manufacturers in Japan and South Korea.
The logit regression analysis was employed to identify factors affecting the own brand strategies adopted by
Japanese and Korean apparel manufacturers, then the differences in strategy were clarified. The main
findings are as follows; (1) Apparel manufacturers headquartered in urban areas have added benefits
associated with launching their own brands both in Japan and South Korea; (2) The size of the company
behind the brand development is significant both in Japan and South Korea. However, the results are quite
the opposite. Large-scale apparel manufacturers in South Korea tend to have their own brands. To thecontrary, own brand strategy has become an important strategy for relatively small-scale apparel
manufacturers in Japan.

Out of thin air or soil? Natural conditions, regional industry specialization and the emergence ofentrepreneurship
Mr Michael Wyrwich1, Mr Petrik Runst2
1

University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, 2University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

S25-S1 Historical Roots of Regional Performance
IUT_Room 415, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
This paper assesses the role of natural conditions for the emergence of regional industry structures andentrepreneurship. There is a lack of research on the role of natural conditions for the emergence ofentrepreneurship and regional specialization. The paper shows that certain soil characteristics have apositive impact of the degree of industrialization, the share of crafts businesses, and the rate ofentrepreneurship in the early 20th century. There is also a persistent effect on current regional
specialization and entrepreneurship. Altogether, the paper demonstrates that current economic structures
have historical roots in geography. Such historical roots can severely impede the possibilities and theeffectiveness of policy. Hence, understanding such historical roots is highly important for any policy thataims at improving regional performance.

The dynamics of increased accessibility to Higher Education and its Returns: A Case Study of Periphery in
Israel's Labor Market
Dr. Albert Yirmiyahu1, Dr. Ofir Rubin1, Prof. Miki Malul1
1

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

G05-O1 Regional and Urban Labour Markets
IUT_Room 210, August 28, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Most studies, which deal with the evaluation of large-scale reforms in education, typically focus on thelikelihood of acquiring higher education and the associated returns in the labor market. Our previous
research, which conducted on the basis of Central Bureau of Statistics (ICBS) data from 2008, indicates thatsuch reform in Israel has made academic education accessible for the residents of the periphery andimproved their earning ability. In this study we examine the dynamics of this improvements over time. Our
empirical analysis uses data of individual income surveys for 2001-2016 in Israel (ICBS).
The estimation of wage equation as a function of the individual's characteristics generally yields a positive
return to education, but taking the number of schooling years as an exogenous variable might cause bias ineducation coefficient. One of the reasons is that education is a choice variable correlated with unobservable
attributes and characteristics such as inborn intelligence, acquired skills, and motivation. In order toovercome the correlation between level of schooling and various unobserved variables, we will focus on a452

particular shock in supply side of education. We will identify the effect of education on salary using
observed variable (instrumental variable) that describes the policy change in the Israeli higher education
system (i.e. Academic Colleges Law 1995) which has supported the accessibility of academic studies to abroad spectrum of groups and thereby has also contributed to reducing the wage gap in the long run.
The estimation of wage regression is processed by TSLS approach. Preliminary results indicate that the
impact of the Academic Colleges Law on the earning capacity and employment of individuals in the labormarket has diminishing marginal effect and stabilizes after several years. In addition, it was found thatreform in higher education continues to contribute, but not to a large extent, to the narrowing of the wage
gap between the two investigated groups in the Israeli labor market (core vs. periphery). These gaps
seemingly stem from the quality of educational institutions and the fields of study chosen by students ofperiphery regions compared to residents of the core in Israel.

The Economic Impacts of Help to Buy
Dr Felipe Carozzi1, Professor Christian Hilber1, Mr Xiaolun Yu2
1

London School of Economics & Centre for Economic Performance, London, United Kingdom, 2London School of
Economics, London, United Kingdom

S38-S2 Housing Markets: information, taxes, prices
IUT_Room 108, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The British government introduced its new flagship housing policy—Help to Buy (HtB)—in 2013. The policy
aims to help households, especially first-time buyers, to overcome their credit and liquidity constraints,
stimulate housing construction and increase housing affordability. To explore the economic impacts of HtB,
we exploit a difference in spatial discontinuity design, taking advantage of spatial discontinuities in thescheme that emerge at the Greater London Authority (GLA) boundary and the English/Welsh border post
implementation. We find that HtB substantially increased house prices and had no discernible effect on theconstruction volume or on aggregate private mortgage lending in the GLA, where housing supply is subject
to severe long-run constraints and housing is already extremely unaffordable. HtB did increase construction
numbers and did not have a price effect near the English/Welsh border, an area with less binding supply
constraints and comparably affordable housing. HtB also led to bunching of newly built units below the
price threshold and to smaller new units. We conclude that HtB may be an ineffective policy in alreadyunaffordable areas.

Of Financialization and Metropolization. The case of the European REITs sector
Professor Alain Coën1, Dr. Raphaël Languillon2, Professor Arnaud Simon3, Mr Saadallah Zaiter3
1

University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada, 2University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 3Paris-Dauphine
University, Paris, France

S37-S1 Geography of the real estate stock wealth and of its evolutions
IUT_Room 201, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The aim of this paper is to investigate if financialization and metropolization are two converging dynamics.
We aim to verify if the most financialized European public property companies are also the main actors in
the metropolization process through their portfolio arbitrages of their building stocks. In 2002, theproperties held by our sample companies represented a total surface area of around 60 million square453

meters. The total surface area increased to 70 million square meters in 2016. We find that, between 2002
and 2016, the financialized European public property companies (F-companies) and the non-financialized
European public property companies (NF-companies) exhibit a tendency to disinvest the non-urban spaces,
to reinvest in the Hinterlands for the NF-companies, to reinvest in the Core for the F-companies, at least in
relative terms. We also find that, in relative terms, the F-companies reallocated their portfolio toward theLarge metropoles, in particular in Germany, France and Switzerland while the non-financialized companies
shifted their portfolio toward the others segments (exclusively toward the Metropoles segment for
Sweden). Belgium is exception, with a reversed evolution. In order to analyze the differences in the behaviorof F-companies and NF-companies, we introduce a new score transparency index. Our results suggest that
F-companies are more transparent than NF-companies. They are larger in size, less dominated by insiders,
are followed by more analysts and they have greater institutional ownership. The results of a logistic
regression also show that F-companies have higher liquidity than NF-companies.

Urban design management of mixed tenure housing: opportunities and challenges for social sustainability
and urban resilience
Ms Aleksandara Zarek1, Professor Panu Lehtovuori1
1

Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

G15-O4 Segregation, Social and Spatial Inequalities
IUT_Room 205, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Tenure integration in housing is claimed to encourage improved life chances, social mobility and mixed
economy activities for the poorer residents. Such socioeconomic benefits can positively influence wider
notions of urban resilience, understood as a city’s capacity to build stability in changing socioeconomic
circumstances, and social sustainability, defined as communities’ efforts towards fairer and more spatiallyequal societies.
However, lack of clarity around roles in urban design management of mixed tenures is often cited to cause
social tensions within them carrying a detrimental influence on the notions of urban resilience and social
sustainability through intensifying physical and thus perceptual social segregation. There has been little
research on successful strategies in integrative negotiation management in design, planning, construction
and post-occupancy operation of mixed tenures to ensure their social consolidation. This paper will focus on
possible approaches to identify critical factors in urban design management for successful mixed tenureschemes from the perspectives of social sustainability and urban resilience understood as alleviation ofsocial and spatial inequalities through tenure integration.
In the proposed approach a number of mixed tenure case studies are investigated in terms of sociallysustainable urban design management understood as integrative negotiations and orchestration ofactivities of various stakeholders involved in the planning and management of such developments with theobjective of providing affordable yet high quality mixed housing schemes. The selected cases originate incontrasting settings chosen for their specific approaches to mixed tenure housing: the United Kingdom,
where the history of mixed developments has been well established; Finland and Poland, where the interestin such models has been growing recently. The selected cases are at different stages of development
ranging from design conception through planning and construction to post-occupancy management,
reflecting various roles, challenges and opportunities encountered across the full development cycle.

The Huai River Boundary, educational attainment and earnings: A tale of weather and sex
454Prof. Jeffrey Zax1
1

University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States

G06-O3 Regional and Urban Policy and Governance
IUT_Room 306, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
The literature estimating returns to education in China is extensive. However, as elsewhere, this literature
struggles to address the potential endogeneity of educational attainment. This paper exploits the Huai Riverdiscontinuity and the exogeneity of residential location in pre- and early-reform China to construct a new
instrumental variable for educational attainment. Educational attainment was significantly and negatively
associated with temperature in areas where winter heating was limited. The effect of variations in
educational attainment that are attributable to this temperature effect on earnings is much higher thanconventional estimates of returns to education in China. These variations also have substantial effects onlabor force participation.

Economic Valuation of Climate Regulation in the Mediterranean
Mr. Yoav Peled2, Dr. Shiri Zemah Shamir1, Prof. Mordechai Shechter4, Dr. Eyal Rahav3, Dr. Alvaro Israel3
1

IDC Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel, 2Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Haifa, Israel, 3Israel
Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel, 4Natural Resources andEnvironmental Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel

S48-S1 The Mediterranean: conflicts, ecological and economic values Time: of a changing sea environment
MILC_Room 409, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
As the scope of the ecosystem services approach expands, research on marine ecosystem services remains
limited, mainly due to the lack of sufficient data and poor understanding of the processes that underlie such
ecosystems. This study presents a spatiotemporal economic valuation of the climate regulation ecosystemservice in the Mediterranean, which accounts for permanent and temporary carbon sequestration. Basedon different carbon prices, the estimated value of climate regulation within the Israeli EEZ ranges between
265.1 and 1270.9 € km-2 year-1, which is ~2.5 to 12 fold higher than estimates by (Melaku Canu et al.,2015), for this area. Comparison with other valuations of climate regulation, which equated oceanic primary
productivity (an ecosystem function) with climate regulation (an ecosystem service), points to a recurring
economic overestimation of this ecosystem service.

Shark aggregation and tourism: Human Wild-Life Conflict in the Mediterranean
Mr Ziv Zemah Shamir1, Dr. Shiri Zemah Shamir2, Prof. Nir Becker3, Dr. Aviad Scheinin1, Prof. Dan Tchernov1
1

Marine Biology Department, M. Kahn Marine Research Station, University Of Haifa, Haifa, Israel, 2 School ofsustainability, IDC Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel, 3Department of Economics and Management, Tel-Hai Academic College, TelHai, Israel

S48-S1 The Mediterranean: conflicts, ecological and economic values Time: of a changing sea environment
MILC_Room 409, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
In the last few winters, sharks have been aggregating near the Israeli Mediterranean coast, at a specificpoint, near Hadera power station. This unusual phenomenon has fascinated residents, visitors, kayakers,
divers and swimmers. We analyse the effects of this intense human interest on the sharks, using contingent
behaviour, in Hadera and in Ashkelon, where sharks are present but not the infrastructure for their455

observation. We also report on changes in shark behaviour due to change in tourism intensity. We find achange of about ILS 4.1 million annually for both sites but a larger individual consumer surplus in Hadera,
where sharks are currently observable. Touristic intensity crosses the threshold level by about 12% andmaking the socio-equilibrium sustainable for both humans and sharks would have a social cost of ILS 0.157
million.

A bio-economic approach of marine macroalgae exposed to global increase of CO2 concentrations
Mr Ziv Zemah Shamir1, Dr. Shiri Zemah Shamir2, Prof. (RIP) Avraham Haim1, Dr. Alvaro Israel3
1

University Of Haifa, Haifa, Israel, 2 School of sustainability, IDC Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel, 3IOLR, Haifa, Israel

S48-S1 The Mediterranean: conflicts, ecological and economic values Time: of a changing sea environment
MILC_Room 409, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Atmospheric CO2 concentration are expected to reach up to 1300 ppm, nearly three times the present
concentration by the end of the current century. As an important part of global primary producers, marine
macroalgae have received wide attention due to their key roles in the marine biological CO2 pump and insustaining natural and sea-farming ecosystems. Seaweeds are also important in providing food andbioactive compounds for human benefit. In this study we examined the effects of dissolved CO2 andseawater temperature on the growth rates of two marine macroalgae, Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta) and
Gracilaria conferta (Rhodophyta), common to the Israeli Mediterranean Sea shores and cultivated by the
local seaweed industry. The algae were grown under continuous aeriation at ambient CO2 concentration(0.036%) or CO2-enriched seawater (0.18-0.20%), and supplied with sufficient N and P. Growth rates of thespecies studied were generally significantly affected on a seasonal basis by the increased CO2
concentrations in the seawater medium (190.8 average growth rate per day for U. rigida ). CK of response ofphotosynthetic traits in these aquatic plants is likely to be due to the presence of CO2 concentrating
mechanisms (CCMs) which rely on HCO3- utilization, the inorganic carbon (Ci) form that dominates the total
Ci pool available in seawater. Significant changes on the productivity of these particular marine algae
species would not be anticipated when facing future increasing atmospheric CO2 levels. We modeled
production functions in order to find the maximum output of growing algae under climate changes,
generally, and temperature changes, particularly. In order to find the optimal temperature for maximum
yields of the mariculure farmers we optimized the profits. The maximum profits obtained at 225oC for U.
rigida and for G. confera around 24.5-25oC. While the maximum growth rate of U. rigida obtained at 21oC
and the growth rate of the G. Confera is at 25-26 oC. This implies that the maximum growth rate is notnecessarily correlated with the profits maximization due to decrease in marginal production law.

Innovation and Entrepreneurship as factors of regional development in Russia
Dr. Stepan Zemtsov1, Dr Vera Barinova1, Yulia Tsareva1
1

The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russian Federation

G21-O2 Innovation and Entrepreneurship
UdL_Room 106, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The Russian regions vary significantly in terms of the level and dynamics of social and economic
development, which is primarily due to differences in the availability of natural resources. However, anumber of regions managed to improve their position relative to others since 1998, without havinghydrocarbon reserves: Leningrad, Kaliningrad, Belgorod, Tambov, Kaluga, Rostov regions, etc.
The article discusses the existing mechanisms of influence of the sphere of small and medium enterprises(SMEs) and innovation on the economy. We consider the creation of new firms as a transfer mechanism for456

transforming ideas into finished products. The purpose of the work is to assess the impact ofentrepreneurial activity in the regions of Russia on the level of economic development and regional growth.
Our calculations show that in the regions of Russia with developed entrepreneurship, the productivity of theeconomy is higher (the ratio of GRP to the labor force), in other words, the level of economic development
is higher. If entrepreneurial activity in the region (the number of small and micro-firms per 1,000 people oflabor) is higher by 1%, the productivity of the economy in it is higher by 0.1-0.2%, taking into account theconcentration of human and physical capital. In recent years, the availability of favorable conditions for thedevelopment of entrepreneurship and attracting investors has played an increasing role in the developmentof regions. But at the same time, it was found that entrepreneurial activity is not a factor in the economic
growth of Russian regions.
We used the results to propose some recommendations for the regional policy: reduction of investment
barriers, preservation and attraction of human capital to large cities.

New technologies, potential unemployment and nescience economy in the Russian regions
Dr. Stepan Zemtsov1
1

The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russian Federation

S11-S1 The regional socio-economic impact of the 4th industrial revolution
UdL_Room 104, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
The use of unmanned technologies (robots as autonomous systems) can cause a decrease in employment
rate and inequality growth. For large territorially heterogeneous countries (Russia, the United States, China,
Brazil, etc.), the social consequences of technological changes will have a pronounced geographic (regional
and urban) specificity, leading to large-scale migrations and changes in the socio-economic space.
Based on the internationally comparable methods (Frey and Osborne 2013; Manyika et al. 2017), it wasestimated that about 44% of the workers in Russia can be replaced by robots (automated), which is lower
than in most countries. Automation does not directly lead to an increase in unemployment. But long-term
mismatch between the exponential increase in automation rate and the compensating effects of retraining
and new jobs creation is possible. Some people will be not ready for life-long learning, development andcreation of new ideas, technologies and products, competition with robots, and accordingly there is apossibility of their social exclusion in the future. The term "nescience economy" and the corresponding
evaluation methodology were proposed to describe these processes.
We estimated that about 50% of labour forces in Russia can be excluded from modern economic activities.
The sources of income of these citizens are unclear, but unconditional income introduction is increasingly
being discussed. In some regions the share of potentially excluded working citizens in the population ismore than 55%: Ingushetia, Chechnya, Nenets autonomous region.
On the basis of the proposed econometric model, a number of measures are described to reduce thethreats, which includes the introduction of continuous learning systems, the formation of a network ofentrepreneurial universities, reducing investment risks, involving the population in entrepreneurship andimproving the quality of the information and communication infrastructure.

Fostering home-based work and remote work in neighbourhoods: design scenarios
Mr Matthew Zenkteler1, Prof Marcus Foth1, Prof Gregory Hearn1
1Queensland University Of Technology (qut), Kelvin Grove, Australia

S02-S1 Digital and spatial transformation: structures and relations in the knowledge economy
IUT_Room 402, August 28, 2019, 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM
457

See extended abstract online.

Maritime Tourism Satellite Accounts and Regional Impact of Coastal and Maritime Tourism
Dr. Jie Zhang1, Ms Anne-Mette Nielsen1
1Centre For Regional and Tourism Research, Copenhagen, Denmark

G18-O5 Tourism and Culture
IUT_Room 104, August 30, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Demand for coastal and maritime tourism activities is increasing, this type of tourism receives a wide
interest alongside with its contribution to the local economies. Many maritime countries in the EU haveseen maritime tourism as the potential driver to regional growth, giving its branding as so-called “Blue
Economy”.
This paper focuses on the methodologies of compiling coastal and maritime tourism data, where a
tourism satellite accounts is made for the coastal and maritime tourism activities. Giving the definition forthe coastal and maritime tourism and based on the available data by difference data sources, it is possible
to estimate the size of maritime tourism revenue. Supply for the coastal and maritime tourism is mappingby the tourism branches within the 3 kilometer zones along the coast. The estimation for the tourism
demand applied “clustering method”. The K-mean clustering method is applied, which gives the opportunity
to group data points (in this case municipalities with similar tourism traits). Three cluster are chosen to becontrolled by geographical location, tourism density and nationality.
The regional and socioeconomic effects of coastal and maritime tourism have a significant impact on theDanish economy and it represents 37 pct. of the total tourism revenue in Denmark. The direct effects ofcoastal and maritime tourism provide 22,766 jobs and 9,972 million DKK in gross value added to the Danish
economy. At a socioeconomic level, coastal and maritime tourism creates 11,398.73 million DKK in total to
the tax revenue. The direct effects of the coastal and maritime tourism lead to great positive derived
effects to the rest of the society. The total employment creation is 32,537 jobs and total income is 16,491
million DKK, with a positive employment multiplier of 1.43 and a positive value added multiplier of 1.65.

Quality of government institutions and innovative performance of Chinese firms
Dr. Min Zhang1
1

Soochow University, Suzhou, China

G22-YS1 Institutions
IUT_Room 205, August 29, 2019, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
This paper assesses how quality of government institutions shape firms’ innovative performance by focusing
on the impact of government institutions in five dimensions (rule of law, government effectiveness,
corruption, regulatory quality, and political stability) on Chinese privately-owned firms. The results suggest ahigher probability for private firms to achieve innovation success and earn productive innovation output inregions where the rule of law is impartial and the government is effective. Interestingly, it is found thatfirms are more likely to achieve innovation in corrupted regions with a lower regulatory quality, but in thoseregions the innovative output firms can reap is less. Meanwhile, in regions where more time is used to deal
with government regulations, firms present better innovative performance. All these findings allude a factthat the private sectors in China have long been plagued with prevalence of corruption and inadequate
regulations imposed by the government, thus Chinese private firms have learnt how to live through poor
institutions to conduct knowledge production activities, but this will not change the fact that firms’
innovative capacity has been undermined by poor government institutions. The findings in this paper,458

therefore, highlight the significance of efforts devoted to improving the quality of government institutions
in various dimensions for the private sectors in China to realize better innovative performance.

How happy are my neighbours? Modeling spatial spillover effects of well-being.
Mr Athanasios Ziogas1, Prof Dimitris Ballas1, Dr Arjen Edzes1, Dr Sierdjan Koster1
1

University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

G11-O2 Spatial Econometrics
MILC_Room 310, August 29, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
This paper seeks to examine the spatial distribution of individuals as a factor in explaining happiness andwell-being levels. There have long been attempts and different approaches in the literature to dateregarding the measurement of happiness and the most important factors that seem to contribute to it. The
shift from the determinants of happiness towards analyzing levels of happiness through years and amultilevel approach was developed in order to determine the relative importance of the area (district,region). Yet, there is a relative scarcity of studies of the interdependencies of happiness in space and place.
Few studies that explicitly analyze the concept of interdependencies are confined at the intra-family level. In
this paper we will try to fill this gap in the literature and adding a new geographical dimension by taking into
account the arrangement of spatial units (individuals) in our samples and exploring the degree to which
geography matters when it comes to happiness. This paper argues that the distance separating different
sets of individuals play a crucial role regarding the spatial spillovers of happiness. A key contribution of thispaper will be the examination of the spatial spillover effects, e.g. to what extent one’s levels of happiness
depend on the levels of happiness of her or his neighbours as well as on the latter’s employment status andhealth condition. Anonymized survey data will be used that measure the subjective well-being of individuals
while taking into account their spatial distribution. Suitable spatial econometric techniques will be
employed to analyze spatial spillover effects, both direct and indirect, and taking into account the (weak orstrong) spatial dependence between the neighbourhoods-regions. Being able to identify spatial
interdependencies with regards to happiness will provide policy makers a new understanding regarding thepolicies that will implement. If those interdependencies are valid, there will be spillovers of happiness or
unhappiness from one spatial unit to another prompting social planners to be more cautious when drawing
policies. Thus, apart from the increasing need to regional specific policies, the latter should be carefully
drawn because of the neighbourhood effect and social interactions. From a scientific perspective, this paper
will also add a geographical dimension on the determinants of happiness.

Family structures, private life forms and regional voting behaviour
Ms Hemma Zmugg1
1

Paris Lodron University Of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

G15-O1 Segregation, Social and Spatial Inequalities
IUT_Room 205, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
When it comes to explaining the rise of radical political parties in recent European elections, a large numberof studies focuses on economic (“modernisation losers”) or on socio-cultural (cultural backlash thesis)
factors, as well as on their interdependencies. In this conference paper the question is raised to what extent
an individual’s close socio-environment in the form of private living arrangements, family and household
structures determines voting behaviour.
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The relevance of this study is given by rising importance of family policies in political discussions – which isassumed to gain influence, considering continuously declining fertility rates and its consequences on age
structure and intergenerational distribution. On the regional level, a rising polarisation between different
living arrangements can be observed, with traditional family forms (the nuclear family) being more present
in some regions than in others, as are adults living alone as well as blended families.
Using the Austrian’s general election in 2017 as a case study, two competing hypotheses are examined. The
first relates to the Austrian Freedom Party’s (FPÖ) manifestos and its members’ medial statements. In thiscontext one clear and distinct picture arises: the nuclear family is perceived as the “ideal” living
arrangement. As a consequence, the question is raised whether a political cleavage between different
family forms can be observed: Are women and men forming traditional family structures more prone tovote for the Freedom Party, in comparison to people in alternative living arrangements? The second
hypothesis points to the opposite direction: With the nuclear family still being regarded as a norm for aconsiderable part of society, it is assumed that extreme voting behaviour may as well at least partly be
explained through a sentiment of personal frustration due to one’s partnership status (household size as aproxy).
When analysing extreme voting behaviour, recent studies rely on small-scale regional data as a rich sourceof information – which, in the Austrian case, is available for districts as well as municipalities. Various
information concerning household and family structures on a regional level (districts and municipalities) canbe obtained from the Austrian Census, as well as other sociodemographic and economic characteristics
which serve as control variables.

Spatio-temporal network dynamics: The knowledge economy between 2009 and 2018 in Germany
Silke Zöllner1, Stefan Lüthi1, Alain Thierstein2
1

Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland, 2Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

S02-S2 Digital and spatial transformation: structures and relations in the knowledge economy
IUT_Room 404, August 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Knowledge generation and dissemination becomes more and more important in key sectors of theeconomy. Production and services based on knowledge-intensive activities shape the current economy
which is characterized by an accelerated pace of technological and scientific advance. Especially advanced
producer services (APS) are interesting to study because they show a highly volatile location choice
behavior. APS firms establish subsidiaries abroad, coordinate production across countries and relocate theirbusiness activities according to new key account customers, changing demand, cost or qualified labour.
These spatial arrangements of firms’ locations have changed enormously during the last decades due to theunderlying changes in the functional logic of knowledge creation. We analyze these spatio-temporalchanges in the German knowledge economy space. Germany is an interesting case to study since it isEurope’s biggest economy in global terms and it shows a polycentric, federal urban structure. Our researchtakes a bottom-up approach and analyses the intra-firm networks of the biggest APS firms in Germany
measured by employment.
Previous research about the German space economy of APS firms applies a cross-sectional approach andanalyses the connectivity of cities through locations of APS firms. We want to add to this research in three
ways. First, we conduct a longitudinal study from 2009 to 2018 arguing that network dynamics over timeyield more information about spatial behavior than a static approach. Second, we take into account the460firms’ perspectives by working directly with the original data structure of a two-mode network, meaning wehave two sets of nodes: firms and cities. Third, we apply stochastic actor-oriented models to our network
data. These models allow us to estimate and test network dynamics. We assume that preferential
attachment will be significant positive based on the structural changes in the knowledge economy: Overtime, APS firms will concentrate in cities where many firms are already present in order to facilitate
knowledge generation and dissemination through spatial proximity.

Impact of Transport Infrastructure on Regional Development. An empirical analysis of regional efficiency
with SDE
Dr. Agata Żółtaszek1, Dr Alicja Olejnik1
1

University Of Lodz, Łódź, Poland

G16-O5 Transport, Land Use and Accessibility
IUT_Room 110, August 30, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
Regional development and availability of transport infrastructure are in an unquestionable relationship.
Firstly, affluence of a region, its resources as well as its history play a significant role in shaping of theregion’s transportation map. However, the causality in this direction is rather long-term as it may takedecades to form a fully functional logistic system. On the other hand, transport infrastructure is of key
importance for economic activity as well as the everyday life for region’s inhabitants. In some regions,current infrastructure with high costs and long commuting time may hinder local economy; in others,transportation network and its quality opens new possibilities for development.
In this paper we analyse the efficiency of regional development in utilisation of local transport
infrastructure. The research is conducted on the set of 282 EU regions. We apply the Spatial Data
Envelopment Analysis (SDEA), which is an extension of classic DEA, to evaluate relative technical regional
efficiency. In the standard approach, DEA assesses relative technical efficiency of a number of objects withvarious outputs and inputs. Moreover, it highlights fully efficient objects (100% efficiency) that exemplarily
utilize their resources and those that underperform (efficiency lower than 100%) with additional
information on the technical sources of their inefficiency. The efficiency analysis allows to assess the
productivity of transformation of inputs into outputs without any prior knowledge on the technologicalaspects of literal or metaphorical production. In our paper we incorporate SDEA which expands the classical
DEA method by the explicit incorporation of spatial interactions (through the W matrix) into the model. The
set of variables can be expanded by the spatially autocorrelated inputs and outputs. As a result, theefficiency analysis takes into consideration the fact that inputs in one region affect outputs in neighbouring
regions, as well as outputs are allowed to act as inputs/outputs for bordering locations. This makes theefficiency analysis more flexible as it accounts for interregional cooperation and competition. In this study,
we evaluate regions by the efficiency of utilisation of their infrastructure to enhance regional development.
Therefore, our analysis generates important policy implications for those concerned with the efficiency oftransport infrastructure and its impact on regional development.

RIS and territorial servitization: a quantitative approach from the KIBS in Spain
Dr. Eduardo Sisti1, Dr. Arantza Zubiaurre2
1

Orkestra-Basque Institute of Competiiveness, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain, 2Deusto Business School-University ofDeusto, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain

S10-S1 Territorial Servitization
IUT_Room 402, August 28, 2019, 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
461

Adopting the approach of territorial servitization heterogeneity and, aiming to address the explanation of
mechanisms that facilitate network interactions between manufactures and KIBS, the paper asks to what
extent the entry rates of KIBS sector can be explained by regional techno-economic structure evolution andwhether/how the innovation intensity of the RIS places KIBS in the center of knowledge-based learning.
More specifically we address the following research questions: i) Is it equally significant the positive
relationship between urbanization and KIBS entry for all different KIBS categories?. ii) To what extent ahigher manufacturing base is positively related to TKIBS creation?. iii) Does a bigger RIS affect the entry
rates of TKIBS?.
The data used in this study comes from two sources. First, KIBS entry rates have been obtained from SABI, adata base with information on companies in Spain. Second, SABI has been also the source to classify KIBS
firms into KIBS categories according NACE code and following Böhn & Thomi (2003) distinguishing among:i)TKIBS (resesech and development and other technical services); ii) CKIBS (computer and related services)
and iii) PKIBS (legal services, consultancy and market services) . Thrid, data on population density and RIS
ecosystem have been collected from INE, the Sapnish Statistical Office. In this study the unit of analysis is
the Spanish regional disaggregation at level NUTS2. The period of analysis extends between 2000 and 2016.
From a methodological perspective we use multidimensional panel data analysis.
Even when more in depth analysis is needed, it seems that innovative manufactures certainly stimulate
TKIBS, which means that mean territorial servitization statement is corroborated in some degree. The
preliminary results corroborate that population density and agglomeration economies matter in KIBS
creation rate (Muller &Doloreux, 2007; Shearmur& Doloreux, 2008; Sthalecker, 2014) but it is worth
underlining that an exception has been found in TKIBS, the empirical evidence underlines that new TKBIS
are located in manufacturing regions and they are more influenced by the environment for innovation thanothers.
This research aims at contributing towards the scarce empirical literature in the field and contributes adistinct view on supply side, differentiating among TKIBS, CKIBS and PKIBS, and also, a distinct view on
demand side relating to the regional innovative system strength. A deeper understanding on how territories
materialize servitization intensity can help to shed light on the design of appropriately target industrial andinnovation policy at subnational level.

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