Neculai Am\linei

Jack Halpern

ルーマニア語漢字学習字典

Scrierea japonez\

DIC}IONAR DE
GAKUSHÜ KANJI– 1006 Kanji fundamentale –EDITURA POLIROM
2008

Neculai Am\linei

Jack Halpern

ルーマニア語漢字学習字典
Rumanian Gakushü Kanji Dictionary
Next year, the Polirom Publishing House from Iasi, Rümania, will publish the
Gakushü Kanji Dictionary.
This dictionary will cover the 1,006 kanji from Jöyö Kanji that are taught in
the first six grades in the Japanese compulsory school. All the kanji presented
were indexed by the On-kun reading, radical and SKIP code.
The Gakushü Kanji Dictionary is based on the Kodansha Kanji Learner's
Dictionary (KALD) edited by Mr. Jack Halpern, which has already become established as a standard reference work and enjoys an excellent reputation amongscholars, educators, and learners of Japanese throughout the world. Therefore, this
dictionary incorporates most of features of its parent work, including meanings,
detailed character meanings, stroke order diagrams, numerous compounds and a
speedy indexing system for kanji identification.
The main goal of The Gakushü Kanji Dictionary is to facilitate an in-depth
understanding of the fundamental 1006 kanji, Gakushü Kanji 学習漢字 (Educational kanji), from the compulsory Japanese school. In this way, the learner isguided to a thorough understanding of how kanji are used in contemporary Japanese, by providing instant access to a wealth of useful information on the meanings, readings, and compounds for the most frequently used kanji.
A unique and representative feature of this dictionary is the core meaning, aconcise keyword that defines the most dominant meaning of the 1006 fundamental
Kanji used in the elementary Japanese school. Each of these character is followed
by in-depth meanings that clearly show how a few thousand basic building blocks
are combined to form countless compound words.
The core meaning is completed by the character meanings illustrated bynumerous compounds and examples. Thus, the core meaning and the character
meanings act as an integrated unit built in a logically and structured manner.

Rumanian Gakushü Kanji Dictionary

2

Another representative feature of this dictionary is the System of Kanji
Indexing by Patterns (SKIP). This system was developed and patented by Mr. Jack
Halpern. SKIP is introduced in his kanji dictionaries for ordering the main entries.
The advantage of this system is rendered by the facility of learning and easiness in use. Therefore the characters might be determinated in a quick and accurate manner. Because of the efficiency of the SKIP system, the Gakushü Kanji
Dictionary is a real and convenient learning tool.
The modern linguistic theory and sophisticated information technology werealso integrated in order to create a dictionary that can be used by beginning andintermediate learners with equal ease and pleasure.

The authors:
Neculai Amalinei (b. 1951). Research engineer, translator, editor-in-chief,
associate professor.
Active in linguistics and theory of movement applied in the martial arts. He
published within different publishing houses of Romania books related to the Japanese language and martial arts.
Founding director of the magazines: SAMURAI – Magazine of the Martial
Arts and Thoughts from Japan.
President, The Shogun Center for Japanese Studies, Iasi, Rümania.
http://www.shogun.ro
Jack Halpern. CEO & President, CJK Dictionary Institute, Editor in Chief,
Kanji Dictionary Publishing Society; Editor-in-Chief of the New Japanese-English
Character Dictionary and Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, published by Kenkyusha
and NTC, 1990 and Kodansha International, 1999.
http://www.cjk.org

Gradul 4

Gradul 4– 200 kanji:
愛案以位囲胃衣印栄英塩億加果課貨芽改械害街各覚完官管観関願喜器希旗機季紀議救求泣給挙漁競共協鏡極訓軍郡型径景
芸欠結健建験固候功好康航告差最菜材昨刷察札殺参散産残司
史士氏試児治辞失借種周祝順初唱松焼照省笑象賞信臣成清静席積折節説戦浅選然倉巣争側束続卒孫帯隊達単置仲貯兆腸低停底的典伝徒努灯働堂得特毒熱念敗梅博飯費飛必標票不付夫
府副粉兵別変辺便包法望牧末満未脈民無約勇要養浴利陸料良量輪類令例冷歴連労老録

Gradul 4

愛515
61 心 (4 + 9)
2-4-9

U+611B
K: 16-06

1606
AI; ito(shii)SX dragoste

COMPU{I1. dragoste, afec]iune ([i sufix)
愛情 aijö dragoste, afec]iune
愛憎 aizö dragoste [i ur\
博 愛 hakuai filantropie, caritate
母性愛 boseiai dragoste matern\
2. a – dragoste, a avea afec]iune
pentrub – dragoste (pentru persoan\ de sexul opus), a avea
deosebit\ grij\ dea 愛児 aiji copilul iubit
愛犬家 aikenka cel care iube[te c`inii
愛 国 心 aikokushin patriotism, na]ionalism
愛車 aisha ma[ina proprie
愛妻 aisai so]ie iubit\b 愛人 aijin iubit
愛欲 aiyoku dragoste [i senzualitate, pasiune sexual\
恋愛 ren'ai dragoste (pentru
o persoan\ de sex opus)

3. a iubi, a pl\cea
愛好する aikö suru a iubi, afi `ndr\gostit de
愛用する aiyö suru a folosi`n mod obi[nuit愛読する aidoku suru a citi
cu pl\cere
愛 唱 す る aishö suru dragoste pentru c`ntec* Independent[ai 愛 ] dragoste, pasiune tandr\
神の愛 kami no ai dragoste
divin\[aisuru 愛する ] a iubi
KUN
[itoshii 愛しい ] drag\案

75 木 (4 + 6) U+6848
2-3-7
K:16-381455
AN

X propunere

COMPU{I1. a – propunere, plan, schem\(de asemenea, sufix)b – schi]\, proiecta 案件 anken problem\, caz
提案 teian propunere, sugestie

516

法 案 höan lege, propunerelegislativ\
議案 gian lege, m\sur\
原案 gen'an planul original
試案 shian proiect temporar,schi]\
対案 taian contrapropunere
立案する ritsuan suru a face
un plan, a schi]a
増 税 案 zözeian propunerede cre[tere a taxelor
具 体 案 gutaian propunereconcret\b 案内する annai suru a ghida, a ar\ta, a informa
草 案 söan schi]\ primar\,plan rudimentar
2. a – a pl\nui, a analizab – g`nd, idee, schi]\a 案出する anshutsu suru apl\nui, a analiza, a inventa
思案 shian g`nd, considera]ie, reflec]ie
考案 köan idee, plan; proiectb 懸案 ken'an `ntrebare (problem\) `n a[teptare
名案 meian idee splendid\
3. documente oficiale, rapoarte
答 案 töan lucrare scris\ (examen), r\spuns
4. a[teptare
案外 angai nea[teptat, contrar a[tept\rilor
案の定 annojö sigur, ca deobicei

Gakushü Kanji* Independent[an 案 ] plan, schem\
案 を 立 て る an o tateru aschi]a o propunere[anjiru 案じる ] a fi `ngrijorat,a fi preocupat de, a analiza[anzuru 案ずる ] a se g`ndi, acugeta, a examina cu aten]ie以

9 人 (2 + 3)
1-2-3

U+4EE5
K: 16-420025
I; mot(te)SX spreX cu ajutorul

COMPU{I1. prepozi]ie direc]ional\ careindic\ punctul de referin]\ `ncuvintele compuse ce s`nt `nrela]ie cu spa]iul, timpul etc;
spre, c\tre
以東 itö spre est, `n direc]ia
est
以 上 ijö mai mult dec`t, nu
mai pu]in de; peste,
suficient, asta-i tot
以来 irai de atunci
以 下 ika cel mult, nu mai
mult de, p`n\ la以外に igai ni cu excep]ia
以内 inai `n, `n\untrul, maipu]in dec`tGradul 4517

以 前 izen `nainte, `n urm\,de atunci `ncoace
以降 ikö `n viitor, mai t`rziu
2. cu ajutorul, prin, cu
以 心 伝 心 ishindenshin `n]elegere tacit\, empatie

KUN[motte 以て ] cu, cu ajutorul,
pentru c\, datorit\ faptului c\
以てする motte suru a facefolosindu-se de
小刀を以て殺す kogatanao motte korosu a omor`(o persoan\) cu un cu]it
山高きを以て yama takakio motte pentru c\ muntele este `nalt
以 て 瞑 す べ し motte meisubeshi ar trebui s\ temul]ume[ti cu aceasta
以ての外 motte no hoka imoral, scandalos位

9 $ (2 + 5)
1-2-5

U+4F4D
K: 16-440042
I; kurai1, kurai2, gurai

X rangX pozi]ie

COMPU{I1. rang, loc, grad, pozi]ie, condi]ie social\ ([i sufix)

地 位 chii pozi]ie social\,
statut social
順 位 jun'i ordin, rang, `nt`ietate, pozi]ie `ntr-oorganiza]ie sau `n societate
上 位 jöi superior (rang sauclas\), de ordin `nalt(de exemplu, byte),computer central (deexemplu, `ntr-o re]ea)
優位 yüi superioritate, pozi]ie predominant\
首位 shui locul `nt`i, pozi]ie
conduc\toare
学位 gakui grad academic
第 一 位 daiichii locul `nt`i,
rang de prim\ `nsemn\tate
正 二 位 shönii grad pentru
nivelul al doilea ierarhic
2. (sens original) pozi]ie, localizare, amplasare, loc; direc]ie
位置 ichi pozi]ie, loc
方位 höi direc]ie
転 位 ten'i rearanjare, deplasare, mutare
3. nivel, standard de calitate
単 位 tan'i unitate; credite(la [coal\)
品位 hin'i demnitate, gra]ie,
noble]e, m\rinimie; grad(de calitate pentru metale pre]ioase sau bijuterii), calitate

518

4. termen de respect
各位 kakui domnilor
KUN[kurai1 位 ] rang, grad; demnitate, prestigiu; tronul; pozi]ia
unei cifre zecimale/binare
位の高い人 kurai no takai
hito persoan\ de grad`nalt
位する kuraisuru rang; a fi
situat位に就く kurai ni tsuku a seurca pe tron
一 の 位 ichi no kurai
unit\]ile[kurai2, gurai 位 ]1. cam, aproape, aproximativ
十分位 jippun-gurai aproape zece minute
これ位の大きさ kore kuraino ökisa cam deaceast\ m\rime
2. particul\ indic`nd compara]ia
sau gradul: ca ... [i
こ れ 位 kore gurai at`t,aceast\ cantitate
東 京 タ ワ ー 位 高 い tökyö
tawä gurai takai tot
at`t de `nalt ca [i turnul
din Tokyo
どの位 dono kurai c`t timp,c`t de departe, c`t demult
お前位馬鹿な奴はいない
omae gurai baka na
yatsu wa inai ar fi greu
de g\sit un idiot ca tine

Gakushü Kanji

3. m\car, cel pu]in
お礼位言っても良さそうだ orei gurai itte moyosasö da cel pu]in trebuia s\-mi mul]umeasc\囲

31 囗 (3 + 4)
3-3-4

U+56F2
K: 16-47

1949
I; kako(mu), kako(u), kako(i)X a `mprejmui

COMPU{Ia – (sens original) a `mprejmui, a `nconjura, a `ncercui, a `ngr\di, a `nchideb – circumferin]\, `mprejurimi, mediu (`nconjur\tor)a 囲碁 igo (jocul de) go
包囲する höi suru a `nconjura, a `mprejmui, a `ngr\di, a `ncercui, a`nv\lui, a asedia
範 囲 han'i arie, domeniu,
regiune, limite (de cuno[tin]e), cerc (de cunoscu]i), orizont, sfer\(de influen]\), clas\ (deputere)雰 囲 気 fun'iki atmosfer\,
dispozi]ie, ambian]\

Gradul 4

周囲 shüi circumferin]\,
perimetru, `mprejurimi,
periferie, mediu (`nconjur\tor); persoanele dinjurul cuiva, apropia]i
胸囲 kyöi circumferin]a pieptului
外 囲 gaii `mprejurimi, periferie
外囲い sotogakoi `mprejmuire, gard exterior
許 容 範 囲 kyoyönan’i nivel
de toleran]\, zon\ permisibil\

KUN[kakomu 囲む ] a `mprejmui, a`nconjura, a `ncercui, a `ngr\di, a `nchide; a `nchide
cu un gard
囲 み kakomi `nchidere, `mprejmuire; asediu, `ncercuire
取り囲む torikakomu a `mprejmui, a `nconjura, a`ncercui, a `mpresura[kakou 囲う ] a `mprejmui, a`nconjura, a `ncercui, a `ngr\di; a p\stra (hran\), a]ine (o amant\), a `nchide
庭を垣で囲う niwa o kaki
de kakou a `nchide ogr\din\ cu un gard
[kakoi 囲い ] `nchidere, `mprejmuire, incint\, gard
囲いに入れる kakoi ni ireru a pune `ntr-o incint\519

胃130 月 (4 + 5) U+80C3
2-5-4
K: 16-63

1631
I

X stomac

COMPU{Istomac (sens original)
胃腸 ichö stomac [i intestine(viscere)
胃腸病学 ichöbyögaku gastroenteorologie
胃 弱 ijaku dispepsie, indigestie
胃袋 ibukuro stomac
胃下垂 ikasui gastroptoz\
胃炎 ien gastrit\
胃 潰 瘍 ikaiyö ulcer stomacal
胃癌 igan cancer gastric
胃カタル ikataru inflama]ie
gastric\* Independent[i 胃 ] stomac

衣

145 衣 (6 + 0) U+8863
2-2-4
K: 16-65

1270
I, ET; koromo, kinuTX `mbr\c\minte

520

COMPU{Ia – `mbr\c\minte, haine, ve[minte, costumb – `mbr\c\minte de exterior,
tog\, rob\, mantie, rochie(lung\, de sear\), ve[minte preo]e[tia 衣装 (= 衣裳 ) ishö haine,`mbr\c\minte, rochie,costum
衣 類 irui haine, `mbr\c\minte
衣服 ifuku haine, rochie, `mbr\c\minte
衣料 iryö `mbr\c\minte, haine
衣食住 ishokujü necesit\]ilevie]ii (m`ncare, haine,
locuin]\)
着衣 chakui hainele cuiva
b 衣鉢 ihatsu (= ehatsu) mistere (Budism sau art\)
白 衣 hakui (= byakue) rochie (hain\) alb\
法衣 höi (= höe) rob\ sacerdotal\
僧衣 söi ve[minte de preot
天衣無縫 ten'imuhö frumuse]e perfect\ f\r\ nici
un artificiu
胴衣 döi jachet\, vest\
外 衣 gaii `mbr\c\minte deexterior* Independent[i 衣 ] haine, `mb\c\minte, ve[minte

Gakushü Kanji

衣・食・住 i-shoku-jüm`ncare, haine, locuin]\, necesit\]ile vie]ii

KUN[koromo 衣 ] `mbr\c\minte deexterior, mantie, rochie (lung\, de sear\), ve[minte preo]e[ti; haine, ve[minte, costum
羽 衣 hagoromo rochie depene
墨 染 め の 衣 sumizome no
koromo rob\ neagr\ (depreot)
衣替え koromogae schimbarea hainelor `n func]ie
de sezon** Citire special\
浴衣 yukata (= yokui) kimono de var\, yukata

印

26 卩 (2 + 4) U+5370
1-4-2
K: 16-850554
IN; shirushi, -jirushi

X semnX sigiliu

COMPU{I1. (semn vizibil) semn, marc\,
urm\, imprimare烙 印 rakuin marca fabricii,
brandGradul 4

2. imprimare `n memorie, a faceo impresie
印象 inshö impresie
3. liter\ tip\rit\, tipar
印刷 insatsu tipar, tip\rire
影 印 eiin fototipie, fotogravur\
4. sigiliu, [tampil\, imprimare asigiliului
印鑑 inkan sigiliu personal
印税 inzei drepturi de autor
印紙 inshi timbru (fiscal)
調印 chöin semn\tur\, semnare, sigilare
消印 keshiin [tampil\ po[tal\, [tampil\ po[tal\ deanulare (pentru un timbru po[tal deja folosit)
封印 füin sigiliu
押印する öin suru a sigila, aata[a un sigiliu
刻印 kokuin sigiliu sculptat,[tampil\
ゴ ム 印 gomuin [tampil\ decauciuc
偽造印 gizöin sigiliu forjat
KUN[shirushi 印 ] semn, marc\;
simbol目 印 mejirushi semn, marc\, born\
矢印 yajirushi s\geat\ (semn)[-jirushi - 印 ] marca fabricii,
brand
雪印 yukijirushi Snow Brand(marc\ `nregistrat\ pentru prelucrarea laptelui)521

栄75 木 (4 + 5) U+6804
2-5-4
K: 17-41

1642
EI; saka(eru), ha(e), -ba(e),ha(eru), eT

X a prospera
X glorie

COMPU{I1. a prospera, a cre[te impetuos, a-i merge bine, a fi prosper, a se dezvolta din plin, afi `nfloritor, a `nflori
栄枯盛衰 eikoseisui prosperitate [i declin, cre[tere[i c\dere
繁栄する han'ei suru a prospera, a-i merge bine, a`nflori, a cre[te impetuos, a se dezvolta dinplin, a fi `nfloritor
2. glorie, onoare, splendoare,faim\, distinc]ie
栄誉 eiyo onoare, glorie, distinc]ie
栄光 eikö glorie
栄華 eiga prosperitate, splendoare, glorie
栄達 eitatsu succes `n via]\,
promovare, avansare
栄 冠 eikan onoare, glorie;
lauri (ai victoriei), coroan\
栄転 eiten promovare

522

3. [c`teodat\, de asemenea, 営 ]tonic, s`nge (`n medicina chinez\)
栄養 eiyö nutri]ie, hran\, aliment; alimenta]ie
KUN[sakaeru 栄える ] a prospera,a cre[te impetuos, a-i mergebine, a fi prosper, a se dezvolta din plin, a fi `nfloritor,a `nflori
栄 え た 時 代 sakaeta jidai
epoc\ (er\) de prosperitate
国の栄え kuni no sakae prosperitatea unei ]\ri[hae 栄 ] glorie, splendoare
栄 え 有 る haearu glorios,
splendid[-bae -栄 ] [de asemenea, -映え]
1. a ar\ta mai bine
見栄え mibae atrac]ie, a ar\ta bine
2. [c`teodat\, de asemenea, - 映
え ] rezultat, efect
出 来 栄 え dekibae rezultat,
efect, a fi bine f\cut,
produs de succes[haeru 栄える ] [de asemenea,
映 え る ] a ar\ta bine, a-imerge bine, a prospera
栄 え な い 色 haenai iro culoare nepotrivit\
その木のお蔭で庭が栄える sono ki no okage deniwa ga haeru copacul`nfrumuse]eaz\ gr\dinaGakushü Kanji

英140 g (3 + 5) U+82F1
2-3-5
K: 17-49

1427
EI; hanabusaT

X distins
X Anglia

COMPU{I1. distins, remarcabil, excelent,talentat; `n]elept
英雄 eiyü erou
英才 eisai [ini]ial, `n trecut,de asemenea, 穎才 ] talent, geniu; persoan\ talentat\
英断 eidan decizie prompt\;
hot\r`re, m\sur\ drastic\
英知 eichi [c`teodat\, de asemenea, 叡 智 ] inteligen]\, `n]elepciune
英 姿 eishi ]inut\ impun\toare, `nf\]i[are maiestuoas\
英気 eiki spirit, energie; vigoare
2. a – Anglia, Regatul Unit; englez(esc), britanicb – englez\ (limba)
a 英国 eikoku Anglia, Marea
Britanie, Regatul Unit
英米 eibei Anglia [i America, anglo-american

Gradul 4523

英 領 eiryö teritoriu britanic(posesiune)
英文学 eibungaku literatur\englez\b 英語 eigo limba englez\
英数 eisü englez\ [i matematic\
英 会 話 eikaiwa conversa]ie`n limba englez\; [coal\ de limba englez\ princonversa]ie
英和 eiwa englez-japonez
英文 eibun englez\; propozi]ie scris\ `n limba englez\

塩

32 土 (3 + 10) U+5869
1-3-10
K: 17-860456
EN; shio

塩酸 ensan acid clorhidric
塩素 enso clor
塩 化 enka amestecare cu
clor, salificare

KUN[shio 塩 ] sare
塩味 shioaji gust s\rat, asezonare, condimentare
塩辛い shiokarai s\rat
塩水 shiomizu ap\ s\rat\** Citire special\
塩梅 S anbai asezonare, condimentare, a da savoare; gust, arom\; condi]ie, stare

億

9$(2 + 13)
1-2-13

U+5104
K: 18-15

0125
OKU

X sareCOMPU{I1. (sens original) sare
塩分 enbun sare, salinitate
塩水 ensui apa s\rat\, ap\ demare; saramur\
食塩 shokuen sare de mas\
天然塩 tennen'en sare natural\
2. clor, compus pe baz\ de clorur\ (de asemenea, sufix)

X o sut\ de milioane

COMPU{I1. o sut\ de milioane (108)
億万長者 okumanchöja miliardar
一億 ichioku 100.000.000
2. multitudine, cifr\ astronomic\
億兆 okuchö multitudine; (arhaic) poporul, masele

524

Gakushü Kanji

巨億 kyooku milioane, avere
imens\* Independent[oku 億 ] o sut\ de milioane
(108)

加

19 力 (2 + 3) U+52A0
1-2-3
K: 18-350023
KA; kuwa(eru), kuwa(waru)

X a ad\uga

COMPU{I1. a – a ad\uga, a aduna, a pune(la), a ata[a (la, de), a anexab – a se ad\uga la, a spori, acre[te, a m\ric – (mat.) a aduna, a socoti, acalculaa 加速 kasoku accelera]ie
加速度 kasokudo accelera]ie
加味する kami suru a colora, a vopsi (`n/cu), a se
ad\uga la; a lua `n calcul, a asezona m`ncarea
b 追加する tsuika suru a ad\uga, a aduna, a pune(la), a ata[a (la, de), a
anexa, a suplimenta
増 加 zöka cre[tere, adaos,spor

c 加算 kasan adaos, ad\ugire,completare, spor
加 減 kagen adunare [i sc\dere; grad, m\sur\; ajustare, punere la punct;a lua `n calcul; condi]ie, stare de s\n\tate;starea timpului, influen]a vremii; [ans\2. a afecta, a influen]a, a cauza
加工 kakö producere, manufacturare
加 害 者 kagaisha atacant,agresor3. a se al\tura, a se uni, a se
`nscrie `n, a lua parte la, aparticipa
加 盟 kamei participare, afiliere
加入金 kanyükin tax\ de acces/intrare (admitere)
加担 (= 荷担 ) katan sprijin,
participare, asisten]\,complicitate
参加する sanka suru a participa, a se al\tura, a lua
parte laKUN
[kuwaeru 加 え る ] (vt.) a ad\uga, a aduna, a pune (la),a ata[a (la, de), a ane-xa; aaduna, a socoti, a cre[te; ainclude, a nu omite
付け加える tsukekuwaeru aad\uga la ceva, a adi]iona

Gradul 4525

五に六を加えよ go ni roku
o kuwaeyo a aduna[ase cu cinci
仲 間 に 加 え る nakama ni
kuwaeru a include `nacela[i cerc (de cuno[tin]e)[kuwawaru 加わる ] (vi.) a se
al\tura, a participa; a cre[te;a se ad\uga la, a se m\ri, aspori
会議に加わる kaigi ni kuwawaru a lua parte la oconferin]\

果

75 木 (4 + 4) U+679C
4-8-1
K: 18-442217
KA; ha(tasu), -ha(tasu),ha(teru), -ha(teru), ha(te)X fruct

COMPU{I1. (sens original) fruct
果実 kajitsu fruct, bac\
果汁 kajü suc de fructe
青果 seika legume [i fructe
摘果 tekika a `ndep\rta fructele de prisos
2. fruct, rezultat, urmare, consecin]\; efect
結果 kekka rezultat, urmare,consecin]\

成 果 seika rezultat, fruct,
urmare, consecin]\
効果 köka efect, eficacitate;
rezultat
因 果 inga cauz\ [i efect;karma
戦果 senka fructul luptei, rezultatele r\zboiului
3. hot\r`t, ferm, decisiv
果 断 な kadan na decisiv,
ferm, hot\r`t
KUN[hatasu 果たす ] (vt.) a efectua,a `ndeplini, a realiza; a face,a duce la cap\t; a-[i `mplini(dorin]ele)
使命を果たす shimei o hatasu a-[i `ndeplini misiunea
果たして hatashite cum era
de a[teptat, efectiv, `ntr-adev\r[-hatasu - 果たす ] sufix verbal
de `nt\rire indic`nd plenitudinea
使い果たす tsukaihatasu a
consuma complet, a folosi p`n\ la cap\t; atermina, a ispr\vi[hateru 果てる ] (vi.) a se sf`r[i,a fi terminat; a fi epuizat; amuri
宴が果てる utage ga hateru
petrecerea s-a terminat[-hateru - 果てる ] sufix verbal
de `nt\rire indic`nd plenitudinea

526

Gakushü Kanji

朽 ち 果 て る kuchihateru adec\dea complet, a disp\rea, a pieri; a degenera; a se retrage la]ar\, a muri `n anonimat
絶 え 果 て る taehateru a fi
distrus, a fi exterminat;a `nceta complet[hate 果て ] cap\t, extremitate,
limit\; rezultat
世 界 の 果 て sekai no hate
cap\tul lumii
果てしない hateshinai f\r\de sf`r[it, f\r\ margini,ve[nic, etern; nemuritor** Citire special\
果物 kudamono fruct課

149 言 (7 + 8) U+8AB2
1-7-8
K: 18-61

1057
KA

X sec]iune
X lec]ie

COMPU{I1. sec]iune, departament (al unei companii sau institu]ii
guvernamentale) (de asemenea, sufix)

課長 kachö [ef de sec]ie(departament)
人事課 jinjika serviciu personal, direc]ia de resurse umane
会計課 kaikeika contabilitate, departament financiar
2. lec]ie, sarcin\, tem\ (pentru
acas\)
課程 katei curs, program\課 目（＝ 科 目）kamoku obiect (la [coal\), curs,
program\ ([colar\)
学課 gakka lec]ie, activitate`n clas\; tem\ de cas\
日課 nikka lec]ie zilnic\, lucru f\cut `n fiecare zi,
rutin\
放課後 hökago dup\ [coal\
3. a impune, a stabili (o tax\etc.) (pe), a str`nge, a percepe (impozite)
課題 kadai sarcin\, subiect,tem\, datorie; problem\
課税 kazei taxare
課 徴 金 kachökin supratax\(pe importuri)
賦 課 fuka percepere de impozite, impunere, taxare; impozit, contribu]ie* Independent[ka 課 ] sec]iune, departament(al unei companii sau institu]ii guvernamentale); lec]ie,
sarcin\, tem\ (pentru acas\)Gradul 4527

課 の 仕 事 ka no shigoto
munca (resoponsabilitatea) unei sec]ii
次 の 課 tsugi no ka lec]ia
urm\toare貨

154 貝 (7 + 4) U+8CA8
2-4-7
K: 18-63

1594
KA

X baniX bunuri

COMPU{I1. a – (sens original) (mijloace
legale de plat\) bani, moned\, valut\b – moned\, bania 貨幣 kahei bani, moned\,valut\, sistem monetar,schimb (valutar)
外 貨 gaika devize (bani),moned\ str\in\; bunuri
str\ine (importate)
通 貨 tsüka moned\, valut\,deviz\ (monetar)
米 貨 beika valut\ american\, dolar S.U.A.
硬貨 köka moned\
白 銅 貨 hakudöka moned\de nichelb bunuri, produse
百 貨 店 hyakkaten magazin
universal
雑貨 zakka lucruri (obiecte)
diferite, marf\ general\; bunuri diverse
2. `nc\rc\tur\ (a unei nave),marf\
貨物 kamotsu `nc\rc\tur\ (aunei nave), bunuri,m\rfuri
貨車 kasha vagon de marf\,
furgon
貨 客 kakyaku marf\ [ipasageriNot\★ a nu se confunda cu 貸 a dacu `mprumut ⇒ 1664, respectiv cu 賃 plat\ ⇒ 1730

芽

140g (3 + 5) U+82BD
2-3-5
K: 18-74

1429
GA; meX mugur

COMPU{Imugur (sens original), germen
芽胞 gahö spor
発芽する hatsuga suru a `ncol]i, a germina, a `nmuguri

528

Gakushü Kanji

麦芽 bakuga germene decereale, mal]
胚 芽 haiga mugur embrionar, l\star, germene

KUN[me 芽 ] a germina, a `ncol]i, a`nmuguri
芽生える mebaeru a `nmuguri, a `mboboci, a germina, a `ncol]i; a `ncepe
新 芽 shinme germen, mugur, boboc, m\di]\, l\star vl\star
若 芽 wakame boboc nou,ml\di]e, muguri tineri

改66 攵 (4 + 3)
1-3-4

U+6539
K: 18-94

0180
KAI; arata(meru), arata(maru)

X a reforma

COMPU{I1. a – a reforma, a re`nnoi, a
rectifica, a corecta, a revizui, a ameliorab – a schimba, a converti, apreschimba, a modificac – a reface, a re`nnoi
a 改善する kaizen suru a `mbun\t\]i, a ameliora
改 新 kaishin corectare, reform\, schimbare

改革 kaikaku reform\,transformare, prefacere
改 正 kaisei revizuire, revizie, modificare, `mbun\t\]ire
改 築 kaichiku reconstituire,restaurare, reconstruc]ieb 改名 kaimei schimbarea unui nume
改 行 す る kaigyö suru aschimba linii (paragrafe)c 改選 kaisen realegere
改 葬 kaisö mutarea unuimorm`nt, exhumare [ire`nhumare
2. a examina, a inspecta
改 札 kaisatsu controlul biletelor
KUN[aratameru 改める ] a reforma, a rectifica, a corecta; are`nnoi, a reface; a schimba,
a altera, a revizui, a ameliora, a `mbun\t\]i
改 め て aratamete din nou,`nc\ o dat\; formal
悔い改める kuiaratameru aregreta, a se c\i pentru,
a fi poc\it
稿を改める kö o aratameru
a rescrie un manuscris[aratamaru 改 ま る ] a fi re`nnoit, a fi renovat; a schimba, a fi `mbun\t\]it, a fi reformat