VEHICLE SPECIFICATION,SPONSORSHIP,TESTING AND RETESTING
Version 6.3

Euro NCAP © October 2013

EUROPEAN NEW VEHICLE ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME

Copyright © October 2013 Euro NCAP - This work is the intellectual property of Euro NCAP. Permission is
granted for this material to be shared for non-commercial,
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NCAP. To disseminate otherwise or to republish requires written permission from Euro NCAP.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 4
2. SPONSORSHIP AND MODEL NOMINATION ...................................................................... 4
3. SPECIFICATION OF TEST VEHICLES ................................................................................... 7
4. VEHICLE SELECTION AND STATUS OF TEST VEHICLE.......................................................... 9
5. TESTING, RETESTING AND REASSESSMENT .................................................................... 11
6. PUBLICATION OF RESULTS ............................................................................................. 12
APPENDIX ......................................................................................................................... 15

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VEHICLE SPECIFICATION, SPONSORSHIP, TESTING ANDRETESTING PROTOCOL
1. Introduction
This protocol details Euro NCAP’s procedures relating to the sponsorship, nomination andselection of models to be assessed by Euro NCAP, the specification of vehicles to be tested,
their testing arrangements, the circumstances when re-testing is allowed and the rules ofpublication.

1.1. Definitions
1.1.1. In this document, frequent references are made to terms as model release date, variant,model range, safety equipment, etc. A list of definitions for these terms in the context of
this protocol can be found in the Appendix.
1.1.2. With Europe, the market that includes all current Member States of the European Union(currently EU-27) is meant. Should the European Union expand to include new member
states, Euro NCAP will take the steps necessary to apply all requirements of thisprotocol (fitment of standard safety equipment, etc) to the enlarged union as soon aspracticable.

2. Sponsorship and Model Nomination
Euro NCAP’s internal rules stipulate that each of the Members sponsors at least one vehicle
model a year. In addition, vehicle manufacturers often wish to sponsor a vehicle so that theresults may be published at a preferred time, such as the vehicle’s public launch. Euro NCAP
applies a set of rules to address the most common situations where conflicts may occur.

2.1. Preconditions
2.1.1. Vehicle models can be nominated for inclusion in Euro NCAP’s assessment programmeby a Euro NCAP Member, a vehicle manufacturer or any third party. By nominating amodel, the party agrees to accept the costs related to the assessment and publicationof the result.
2.1.2. Subject to 2.1.3, any vehicle model currently on sale in Europe can be nominated. No
consideration is given to:•

Sales volume;•

Method of type-approval (whole vehicle, low volume, etc.).

2.1.3. Vehicles that have a valid rating cannot be nominated, except in case of a reassessment (see 5.3).
Note: The validity of the rating is defined in the Application of Star Ratings protocol.

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2.1.4. The choice of vehicle model to be assessed by Euro NCAP shall be made by thesponsor. Sponsors are encouraged to nominate their choice of vehicle as soon as
possible but no later than 1st of September of the year in which tests must take place.

2.2. Member Sponsored Models
2.2.1. Where a third party wishes to sponsor the testing of a vehicle model already nominatedby a Member, the Member will have the first right.
2.2.2. Where a manufacturer wishes to sponsor the testing of a new vehicle model alreadynominated by a Member or third party, the following conditions apply:
2.2.2.1. Up to 12 months before the model release date, the manufacturer has exclusive rights
to sponsor the testing of that vehicle. Once the formal agreement to sponsor thevehicle is made, it cannot be cancelled and the manufacturer is obliged to inform EuroNCAP of any changes in the model release date.
2.2.2.2. After 12 months prior to the model release date, the manufacturer loses the exclusive
right to sponsor the vehicle. A manufacturer may take over the sponsorshipcommitment from the Member or third party, provided they agree to comply with thefollowing requirements:•

The publication date is not delayed by more than 3 months;•

The choice of drive (LHD or RHD) and the choice of test laboratory are notchanged.

2.2.2.3. In the case where the manufacturer has taken over sponsorship, the Member may
nominate an alternative vehicle model.
2.2.3. Where a manufacturer wishes to sponsor the testing of any other vehicle model alreadynominated by a Member or third party, the following conditions apply:
2.2.3.1. The manufacturer may take over the sponsorship commitment from the Member,provided they agree to comply with the following requirements:•

The publication date is not delayed by more than 3 months;•

The choice of drive (LHD or RHD) and the choice of test laboratory are notchanged.

2.2.3.2. A manufacturer may advise Euro NCAP that a vehicle model which has been chosen
for sponsorship by a Member is soon to be replaced by a newer version. If so, themanufacturer may request that the updated model be tested.
•

If this is expected to delay publication by more than 3 months, the request will only
be accepted if the manufacturer agrees to take over sponsorship of the vehicle.
The choice of drive (LHD or RHD) must not be affected.

•

Publication of the results for the updated vehicle model cannot be delayed beyond
9 months of the initial formal request by the manufacturer.

•Euro NCAP reserves the right to test the original vehicle model if above conditions
are not met.

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2.3. Manufacturer Sponsored Models
2.3.1. Where a third party wishes to sponsor the testing of any vehicle model alreadynominated by a manufacturer, the manufacturer will have the first right.
2.3.2. Where the manufacturer has nominated a new vehicle which is not yet made available
to consumers at time of nomination, the following needs to be taken into account:
2.3.2.1. Manufacturers may advise Euro NCAP of the expected date when the vehicle model
is to be first offered for sale in Europe (the model release date).
2.3.2.2. The publication of the test results cannot be delayed beyond 3 months after the model
release date.
Note: This requirement will be waived if the schedule cannot be met because of a test
or other failure on Euro NCAP’s part.
2.3.2.3. Where a manufacturer wishes to sponsor the testing of a vehicle model alreadynominated by a Member or third party, the following rule applies:
2.3.2.3.1. Up to 12 months before the model release date, the manufacturer has exclusive
rights to sponsor the testing of that vehicle. Once the formal agreement to sponsor
the vehicle is made, it cannot be cancelled and the manufacturer is obliged to informEuro NCAP of any changes in the model release date.
2.3.2.3.2. After 12 months prior to the model release date, the manufacturer loses the
exclusive right to sponsor the vehicle. A manufacturer may take over thesponsorship commitment from the Member, provided they agree to comply with thefollowing requirements:•

The publication date is not delayed by more than 3 months;•

The choice of drive (LHD or RHD) and the choice of test laboratory are notchanged.

2.3.3. Where a manufacturer chooses to sponsor a vehicle model already being sold, thefollowing should be taken into account:
2.3.3.1. The publication of the results cannot be delayed to be later than 9 months after thedate of the formal sponsorship offer. However, manufacturers may engage in informal
discussions about sponsorship prior to this.
Note: This requirement will be waived if the schedule cannot be met because of atest or other failure on Euro NCAP’s part.
2.3.3.2. Where a manufacturer wishes to sponsor the testing of a vehicle model alreadynominated by a Member or third party, the manufacturer may take over thesponsorship commitment from the Member or third party, provided they agree tocomply with the following requirements:•

The publication date is not delayed by more than 3 months;•

The choice of drive (LHD or RHD) and the choice of test laboratory are notchanged.

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2.4. Third Party Sponsored Models
2.4.1. Where a third party wishes to sponsor the testing of a vehicle model already nominatedby a manufacturer or Member, the manufacturer or Member will have the first right.

3. Specification of Test Vehicles
Even though different vehicle variants may offer different levels of protection, it is impossible
for Euro NCAP to rate all variants of a vehicle model available in Europe individually. The star
rating is intended to cover the most popular variant(s) and represent the lowest safety
specification at the same time. For this reason, the test variant of the model is derived frommanufacturers’ data that includes model range availability and safety equipment fitted inEurope. The choice of test variant is independent from the sponsorship model.

3.1. Basic Level Safety
3.1.1. The test variant will have Basic Level Safety Equipment. The Basic Level will comprisethose items are fitted as standard across the model range or meet the Minimum
Percentage fitment requirement (see escalation of Basic Level, 3.3). Only safety
equipment which is part of the Basic Level will be eligible for assessment and may
contribute towards the scoring of the vehicle.
3.1.2. The Basic Level will be determined as follows. The manufacturer will be asked tocomplete an Equipment Matrix template, which will be supplied by Euro NCAP. In thematrix, the manufacturer must identify all items of safety equipment available in themodel range and state whether they are standard on all variants or optional on some.
3.1.2.1. Where an item of safety equipment is not standard on all variants, the manufacturer
must state whether or not that item:•

is fitted, or is expected to be fitted, as standard or optional equipment in the
Minimum Percentage of sales across Europe on all variants;•

is available, at least as an option, on at least one variant covering each combinationof body style and engine, in each country of Europe.

3.1.2.2. For items of equipment which are not standard across the Model Range, themanufacturer must provide:•

A breakdown of the model range for Europe, showing expected sales of thosevariants on which the equipment is standard and expected total sales of all variants•

Brochures and price lists for the vehicle from at least five of the main markets
where the equipment is not standard. These must clearly show how the safety
equipment is offered for sale in those five countries.
Note 1: in identifying the Basic Level equipment, Euro NCAP may exempt certain
low volume variants where the fitting of such safety equipment cannot be expected.
For example, this might include low sales volume variants specially produced for
motor sport or other special purposes.
Note 2: Delete options are not allowed. An item of safety equipment offered with adelete option anywhere in Europe will be considered not to be standard equipment.

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3.1.2.3. For new models, the data in the completed Equipment Matrix must be based on sales
forecasts over the period of 1 year from the date of the publication of the rating result.
Euro NCAP will ask the manufacturer to confirm the projected fitment figures one year
after publication and each subsequent year as long as the rating is valid (Annual
review, see Application of Star Ratings protocol).
3.1.2.4. For models already on sale for one year or more, the data in the completed
Equipment Matrix must be based on actual sales figures over the previous year. EuroNCAP will ask the manufacturer to confirm the fitment figures one year after
publication and each subsequent year as long as the rating is valid (Annual review,
see Application of Star Ratings protocol).

3.2. Test Variant
3.2.1. Regarding all non-safety related features and equipment of the vehicle, the test variant
will be based on the best selling variant in Europe.
3.2.2. The best selling variant will be identified from the information supplied by the
manufacturer. Where Euro NCAP chooses to test a particular, less common, variant
such as “open-top” or “estate vehicle,” the choice will be restricted to the best sellingvariant of that type. Manufacturers can also sponsor such tests, provided that thevehicle model has already been rated without this constraint.
3.2.3. Where the best selling variant is fitted with safety equipment above the Basic Level, thechoice of variant will be adjusted to obtain a Basic Level safety specification variant.
The aim will be to minimise the extent of the other changes to the vehicle’s
specification. This adjustment might be done in the following order:a) Change in the hand of drive;b) Increase in trim level;c) Reduction in trim level;d) Change in number of side doors;e) Increase in volume of the engine/transmission unit;f)Reduction in volume of the engine/transmission unit;g) Change in body style.
Note: Certain exceptions to the minimum standard safety equipment requirement may
be necessary, e.g. an open top variant without a curtain airbag or with a substitutecombined head/thorax airbag.
3.2.4. Where a vehicle, or the required variant, is to be available only in one hand of drive, that
hand of drive will be tested. Where a manufacturer sponsors a vehicle model for
publication at the time of its launch, and where only one hand of drive is available onthat date, that hand of drive will be tested. In all other circumstances, Euro NCAP will
be responsible for randomly choosing the drive layout for all vehicle models to betested.
Note 1: Euro NCAP will report the proportion of vehicles tested in LHD and RHD to theBoard of Directors. Overall, the aim will be to ensure that 20 percent of vehicle models
tested will be in RHD configuration.

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Note 2: the manufacturer is asked to supply information about the performance of the
opposite hand of drive. Where necessary, the manufacturer will be asked to provide
evidence that the necessary adjustments have not significantly affected the passenger
compartment’s intrusion or deceleration pulse.
3.2.5. Whiplash seats will be tested separately from the vehicle. The manufacturer will be
required to supply Euro NCAP with details about the full range of seats available for thatmodel of vehicle and of any differences between the driver and front passenger’s seatsin the Basic Level vehicle that might influence Whiplash protection. Euro NCAP will
choose whether to test the driver’s or front passenger’s seat. Where no significant
differences exist, this will be on a random basis. Where there are differences, the seatconsidered least likely to offer good protection will be chosen. Manufacturers areallowed to sponsor the testing of other versions of their seats and the whiplash ratingsof those seats will also be published.
3.2.6. If the vehicle manufacturer does not submit the Equipment Matrix, Euro NCAP will test
the vehicles with the best selling, lowest specification that can be readily obtained inEurope.
3.2.7. In order to continue to encourage manufacturers to fit new safety equipment, the option
will remain for manufacturers to sponsor the additional testing of vehicles fitted with
optional safety equipment, not meeting the minimum percentage fitment requirement.
This will allow them to demonstrate the benefits of such safety equipment. However,
only one star rating will be published, based on the vehicle fitted with the Basic Safety
specification. Where additional tests are done with non-standard safety equipment, thesame variant of vehicle will be used as for the Basic Level assessment. If this is notpossible, other changes will be kept to a minimum to reduce their effect on theassessment. This option does not extend to the testing of the opposite hand of drive.

3.3. Escalating Fitment Requirements
3.3.1. In the upcoming years a number of optional emerging Safety Assist technologies will beallowed as part of the Basic Level Safety on the basis of escalating fitment
requirements. The escalation will be as follows:
Result published from 1st January

2014

2015

2016

2017

Speed Assistance Systems

50%

70%

100%

100%

AEB (Inter-Urban)

50%

50%

70%

100%

Lane Departure Warning /Lane Keep Assist

50%

50%

70%

100%

4. Vehicle Selection and Status of Test Vehicle
To ensure that the rating remains credible at all times, it is essential that the vehicles selected
for testing are exactly the same as those vehicles offered for sale to consumers. Ideally thismeans that test vehicles are taken from the production line. Many times, however, this isconflicting with the manufactures’ time line where ratings must be available at model release

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date and small adjustments to production are made during ramp up of production.
following provides guidance on these matters.

The

4.1. Status of Test Vehicle
4.1.1. The vehicles tested must be of the same production status as for those offered for sale
to consumers at or before the time of publication of the new result.
4.1.2. The method of procuring test vehicles of the correct specification will be chosen by Euro
NCAP. The vehicles selected for testing must be:•

Fully type-approved (i.e. a certificate of conformity should be available for thevehicles, if requested)•

From serial production.

•

Capable of being legally sold, new or in the aftermarket, to the general public
without modification

Note: New models are generally produced in small numbers during the early stages of
production (“ramp-up”), leading to full-volume production within a few months. Vehicles
from such early production phases are acceptable, so long as they comply with therequirements set out above.
4.1.3. At least three seats are required for Whiplash testing, which may be procured
separately from the vehicle. Where unrealistically high charges or long lead times forthe selected test seats are quoted by the manufacturer, Euro NCAP is given discretion
to refrain from testing seats. In such cases, the Whiplash score will be set to zero.
4.1.4. The manufacturer may advise Euro NCAP that a vehicle scheduled for testing will havecertain safety components changed prior to the expected publication date. Where thishappens, the updated components may be retrofitted to the test vehicles, provided thefollowing requirements are met:•

The components are installed to the same standard as used in production.

•

The components are manufactured using production procedures. Prototype
components are not allowed.

•

Where the component has to be certified by an approval authority, such certification
has been carried out.

•

Once a vehicle has been tested, assessment and testing of modified components
are subject to the requirement of section 5.2.

4.2. Fitment of Non-standard Components
4.2.1. The fitment of non-standard or prototype components is not allowed, whether safety
related or not. Where non-standard or prototype components are thought to have been
fitted to any of the vehicles tested (e.g. ‘sample’ or ‘prototype’ labels are found during
inspection), the following actions may be taken:
4.2.1.1. Euro NCAP may carry out an audit of the production plant to understand the cause of
the anomalous parts or labels.

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4.2.1.2. The manufacturer may be required to sponsor an audit test. This will be a repeat of
one of the main impact tests on a vehicle which is known to have come frommainstream production. The results of this test will be compared with the original test.
4.2.1.3. Where the manufacturer does not agree to sponsor testing of the standard
specification vehicle, its testing may be sponsored by Euro NCAP and the presence of
prototype components will be published.

5. Testing, Retesting and Reassessment
5.1. Testing
5.1.1. Euro NCAP will be ultimately responsible for choosing the test laboratory for all
vehicles. A vehicle will be tested at the laboratory chosen by the sponsor unless there
are compelling reasons to do otherwise. Such reasons could include cost or
operational factors influencing the timing of publication or over-use of a single
laboratory by the same manufacturer.
5.1.2. All tests will be carried out according to the latest protocols published on Euro NCAP’s
website. The laboratory is responsible for accurate application of the protocols andkeeping test equipment up to date.
5.1.3. Before each test, the laboratory must check that vehicles and other components
scheduled for testing meet the vehicle test specification (see 3). Testing of vehicles that
do not meet the test specification may invalidate the result and lead to retesting at theexpense of the laboratory.

5.2. Retesting
5.2.1. In some cases, a retest may be requested by Euro NCAP, the laboratory or
manufacturer. A re-test may be allowed under the following circumstances:
5.2.1.1. Where a test does not meet Euro NCAP Test Protocol requirements it will be repeatedunless the failure does not materially affect the rating of the vehicle.
•

Where the failure is the responsibility of the test laboratory, they shall be
responsible for carrying out the retest without charge.

•

The responsibility for funding the replacement vehicle and components is that of
the test’s sponsor.

5.2.1.2. Modification and re-testing is allowed if an Unexpected or Undesired Vehicle
Performance problem is identified at a Euro NCAP test carried out not later than fourmonths from the time when public customers first take delivery of their vehicles. In
such case, the following conditions must be met for a re-test to be allowed:•

The manufacturer has identified deficiencies and can satisfy Euro NCAP andinspectors that the proposed modifications will significantly improve safety.

•

The improvement will be incorporated in all production vehicles by the time EuroNCAP publishes its assessment of the vehicle.

•

By an official recall or by equivalent market action acceptable to Euro NCAP, themanufacturer makes provision to update all vehicles already in use in the Europe.

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This includes vehicles which have not been offered for sale to the public but havebeen provided on loan to the press, management etc. The recall must be specificto the identified problem and must be initiated by the time the assessment ispublished.
•

The results of the retested vehicles are available prior to the vehicle being firstoffered for sale in the European Union.

•

Publication of the vehicle’s assessment is not delayed by more than 3 months.

•

The manufacturer funds all work related to the retest.

Note: Where there is a failure, or partial failure, of safety related equipment, EuroNCAP may withhold publication of the test results, pending investigation of the failure.

5.3. Reassessment
5.3.1. A vehicle model which has previously been rated may be reassessed under one orother of the following circumstances:
5.3.1.1. A manufacturer wishes to have the vehicle reassessed to reflect changes which havebeen made to the performance of the vehicle. Reassessment in such circumstancesis allowed if:•

The result of the vehicle has not been re-calculated in the same calendar year;•

The manufacturer can demonstrate that there has been a significant improvement
to safety, either through better performance (e.g. improved knee protection or
airbag response) or to fitment (e.g. standardisation of ESC)

5.3.1.2. A vehicle’s original rating is no longer considered valid as a result of an annual or
facelift review (see Application of Star Ratings protocol) or because the original rating
is more than six years old. In such cases, the vehicle becomes eligible forreassessment by a Euro NCAP member, the vehicle manufacturer or third party.
Note: A vehicle model is not eligible for reassessment if, at all annual and facelift
reviews, its original rating is considered valid for the current vehicle.

6. Publication of Results
6.1. General Guidelines
6.1.1. Under normal circumstances, once the vehicle has been tested and the data are
available and verified, the results will be published by Euro NCAP. Manufacturers will
not be able to propose further modifications leading to a retest and may not make useof the star rating, or make reference to it, until the result has been published by Euro
NCAP
6.1.2. The rating with the details of the test vehicle specification will be published as part of
the normal release schedule on the date agreed with the sponsor. Euro NCAP will
publish the star rating and additional information (percentage scores, coloured men etc)
on its website.

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6.1.3. Safety equipment fitted to the Basic Level vehicle but not across the full model range
will be detailed by Euro NCAP alongside the rating. Consumers will be encouraged to
specify the fitment of such equipment to any vehicle they purchase.
6.1.4. Euro NCAP will inform the vehicle manufacturer in advance of the target date forpublication of the result on the website. In general, this date will be no later than twomonths from the date of arrival of test vehicles at the laboratory.
6.1.5. Where a vehicle has been retested, the following applies:
6.1.5.1. The rating will, if possible, be published as originally intended. If the original release
date cannot be met, the result will be published as soon as possible after theoriginally-intended launch date (but no more delayed than 3 months).
6.1.5.2. If all the above conditions are met and Euro NCAP is satisfied that no member of the
public will receive a vehicle of the specification originally tested, Euro NCAP will not
publish information about the problem identified or the manufacturer’s actions. Where
specific market action has been required by the manufacturer a part of the retest,
Euro NCAP reserves the right to bring this to the attention of the consumer at the timeof the publication of the result.
6.1.6. Where a vehicle has been re-assessed, the following applies:
6.1.6.1. The rating will be published as part of the normal release schedule.
6.1.6.2. The result of a reassessment will be published alongside the original rating, with a
VIN identifying the first vehicle produced to which the new assessment applies. The
original rating will identify, by means of a VIN, the final vehicle to which it applied.
6.1.7. Where an audit test is required, the following applies:
6.1.7.1. A vehicle’s rating will not be published until the results of the audit test (including
inspection) are known and demonstrate good correlation with the original test results.
6.1.7.2. The rating will be based on the original test data and published as part of the normal
release schedule if the results of the audit test demonstrate that the performancedifference is acceptable.
6.1.7.3. If the differences between the results of the audit test differ unacceptably from theoriginal results, Euro NCAP may require that all relevant tests are repeated on
vehicles whose production status is certain, and publication of the rating will bedelayed.
6.1.7.4. Euro NCAP reserves the right to publish information about the presence of nonstandard or prototype components.

6.2. Recalculation
6.2.1. Euro NCAP gives manufacturers the exclusive right to update a vehicle’s rating to alater assessment regime (year) than was originally applied, based on the original test
data.
6.2.2. The following conditions apply for recalculation:
6.2.2.1. The safety performance of the vehicle to which the new rating applies has notchanged compared to the original tested model.

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6.2.2.2. The original test data are not older than 3 years.
6.2.2.3. The vehicle to which the new rating applies will be on sale for at least two more years.
6.2.3. If Euro NCAP’s assessment scheme has not changed, no additional testing is required.
In this case, the requirements (Minimum Percentage for Basic Level equipment,
threshold, balance values etc) applicable will be used to recalculate the result. EuroNCAP will apply the latest safety fitment data, based on actual sales over the past year,
for a re-calculation.
6.2.4. If Euro NCAP’s technical assessments have changed or new tests have been added,
additional tests may need to be done. By requesting a recalculation, the manufacturer
agrees to sponsor the required tests.
6.2.5. Re-calculation of a vehicle result will preclude a reassessment in the same year.
6.2.6. The deadline for request to recalculate a vehicle rating shall be December 1 of thepreceding year, allowing time for Euro NCAP to schedule additional tests, if required.
6.2.7. The results of recalculations will be released at the first opportunity in the year.

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AppendixDefinitions
Model Range

All the variants (i.e. all body styles, engine and equipment grades)
available across Europe under a common model name ordesignation

Minimum Percentage

The lowest proportion of sales, expressed as a percentage, which an
item of safety equipment must meet as standard equipment to be
included as part of the Basic Level equipment.

Model release date

The date set by the manufacturer at which a new vehicle is firstbeing offered to consumers in any part of Europe.

Reassessment

A new assessment by Euro NCAP of a vehicle which has previously
been rated but has undergone a significant safety update. The reassessed rating is based on all requirements (Minimum Percentage
for Basic Level equipment, threshold, balance values etc) applicableat the time of reassessment. Depending on the changes made to
the vehicle, it may not be necessary to repeat all aspects of theassessment.
The results of a re-assessment are publishedalongside the original rating.

Recalculation

The updating of a vehicle’s rating to a later assessment regime than
was originally applied where the vehicle’s safety performance has
not changed. The recalculated rating is based on all requirements(Minimum Percentage for Basic Level equipment, threshold, balancevalues etc) applicable at the time of recalculation. Additional tests
may or may not be necessary, but the exercise utilizes results
already obtained and applies the updated requirements to them.

RetestA repeat of one or more parts of a vehicle’s assessment which
replaces the original result. The original invalid result is not publishedby Euro NCAP.

Safety Equipment

That equipment which is overtly aimed at improving safety. It
includes but is not necessarily limited to: Restraint systems, including
head restraints, child restraints and anchorages; Knee and leg
protection; Breakaway pedal arrangements; Pedestrian friendly
devices (unless they are only required for particular engine
compartment packages); Seat belt reminder systems, Safetymarking/labels
andswitches.
Note: It does not include: Engine/transmission volume; Road
wheel/tyre size, Sun roof, etc.

Variant

A unique combination of body style, engine and equipment grade or
specification. An illustration is given in Annex 1.

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