Symposium for Recent Earthquakes and Tsunami in Japan and Peru

The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami:
1) Earthquake and Strong Ground MotionAcc.((cm/s/s) Acc.(cm/s/s)

0Acc.(cm/s/s)

Acc.(cm/s/s)-20050Acc.(cm/s/s)

200

Tokachi-oki 2003 (M8.3)
K-NET Nakasatsunai-EW

0Sumatra 2004 (M8.4)
Sikuai Island-NS

0-50200Peru 2001 (M8.4)
Moquegua-EW-200

Chile 2010 (M8.8)
Concepcion San Pedro-EW

2000-200

Northern Japan 2011 (M9.0)
K-NET Toyosato-EW

2000-200050100Time(s)150200

Saburoh MIDORIKAWA,, Tokyoy Institute off Technologygy1

The 2011 Tohoku
Earthquake
Origin Time: 14:46, March/11/2011
Magnitude: Mw9.0
90
Number of dead and missing: approx. 20,000
Number of displaced people: approx. 150,000
Number of damaged
g houses: approx.
pp
800,000
Direct monetary loss: Approx. 200 billion US$(as of August 15,15 2011)

Recent Gigantic Earthquakes in the World
1957 Andreanof Eq. Mw9.1
1952 Kamchatska Eq.
Eq Mw9.0
Mw9 0
2011 Tohoku Eq. Mw9.0
1964 Alaska Eq. Mw9.2

2004 Sumatra Eq.
q Mw9.1

2010 Central Chile Eq. Mw8.8

1960 Chile Eq. Mw9.5

after ERI

3

HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN PERU after Dorbath et al.(1990)

Seismic Intensity Map
1746 Peru EarthquakeqBlack: MMI 8, Hatched: MMI 6
after Dorbath et al., 1990

Tectonic Plates in the Japanese archipelago
and surrounding areas

after HERP

6

Evaluation of
Occurrence of
Subduction‐zone
Earthquakes(after HERP)

7

Aftershock Distribution

500km
500k

after ERI

Crustal movement by GPS measurement of GSI
Horizontal

Vertical

Geospatial Information
Authority of Japan(GSI)

Max: -107cm
Max: 540cm

http://www.gsi.go.jp/chibankansi/chikakukansi_tohoku.ht l

9Crustal movement by observed by Japan Coast Guard
H iHorizontalt l

Ocean bedreferencepointsV ti lVerticalKinematic GPS

Sound transducer

http://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/GIJUTSUKOKUSAI/jishin/11tohoku/index.htm 10l

Past‐up of Accelerograms and Rupture Process
Acceleration Time History (EW comp)①②③0after Kamae and Kawabe

100200Time ((s))

300afterft ERI

Propagation of Strong Shaking

after SDR

12

Seismic Intensity Map

MM Intensity Ⅵ Ⅶ Ⅷ Ⅸ Ⅹ XIJMA Intensity 4 5L 5U 6L 6U 7

after JMA

The area of intensity 5 upper (MMI 8) or greater is approx. 35,000 km2.

Strong Motion Records

PGA Distribution

PGV Distribution
after NIEDPeak Ground Velocity

Peak Ground Acceleration

High Acceleration and Relatively Low Velocity

Northridge 1994 (M6.7)
Sylmar-EW (0.60 g)

Kobe 1995 (M6.9)
Takatori-NS (0.62 g )after NIED

Imperial Valley 1940 (M7.0)
El Centro-NS (0.35g )Northern Japan (M8.2)
Hachinohe Harbor-NS (0.24 g )Taiwan 1999 ((M7.6))
TCU068-EW (0.51g )0Accc.(cm/s/s)

500
Chile 2010 (M8.8)
Concepcion San Pedro-NS (0.65 g )-500
Off-Pacific Japan 2011 (M9.1)
Sendai Harbor-NS ((0.64 g)

04080120160200

Time (s)Longer duration of longer than 2 minutes

240

Ofunado
Towa
OhsakiToyosato

Sendai

Velociity Response Spectrra (cm//s)

Kamaishi1000

h=0 05h=0.05100

100.1

Soft Soil Site
JMA Ohsaki
K-NET Sendai
Stiff Soil Site
Rock Site
K-NET Towa
Ohfunato-GK-NET Toyosato
Kamaishi-G1

10Period (s)Comparison of Velocity Response Spectra at Different Soil Conditions
17

Building Damage at Furukawa, Osaki City18Building Damage at Lowland of Sendai City19

Video of Strongg Shakingg in Tokyoy20

Damage of Ceiling in Tokyo Area

21

Soil Liquefaction in Tokyo

22

Long‐period GroundMotion in Tokyoapprox. 150km far from the epicentral
area

Displacement of 0.5 to 0.7 m was observed at the top of high-rise buildings.

Tokyo
Intensity 5Long‐period Ground Motionin Osaka

Floor Displacement
Disp. of 0.1m on 1st Floor

more than 500km far from the epicentral area

Displacement of 11.44m
was observed at the topof a 52-story high-riseb ildibuilding.
MiMinor ddamagewas observed in thebuilding.

Di off 0
Disp.
0.3m
3 on 18th Floor
FlDisp. of 0.9m on 38th Floor

Disp. of 1.3m on 52th Floor

Disp. of 1.4m on 52th Floor
OsakaIntensity 3after BRIComparison of Strong Motion Records
off Gigantic
Gi ti EEarthquakesthk

2003 Hokkaido Japan M8.3
2011 Northern Japan M9M9.00

2001 Peru M8.4

2007 Sumatra M8.4

2010 Chile M8.8

25

Comparison of Attenuation of Peak Accelerations forthe 2011 Northern Japan Earthquake (M9.0)(M9 0) withthe 2003 Hokkaido Japan Earthquake (M8.3)

P..G.A. ( cmm/s2 )

103

102

2011 Off Tohoku M w9.1
2003 Off Tokachi M w8.3

101
Si and M idorikawa(1999) M w8.3

100

101

102

Fault Distance ( k m )Comparison of Attenuation of Peak Accelerations forthe 2011 Northern Japan Earthquake (M9.0)(M9 0) withthe 2001 Peru (M8.4) and 2010 Chile (M8.8) Events

P.G
G.A. ( cm//s2 )

103

102

2011 Off Tohoku M w9.1
2010 M aule, Chile M w8.8
2001 Peru M w8.4
84

101

Si and M idorikawa(1999) M w8.3

100

101

102

Fault Distance ( k m )Comparison of Attenuation of Peak Accelerations forthe 2011 Northern Japan Earthquake (M9.0)(M9 0) with
Other Gigantic Earthquakes (M8.3～8.8)

P.G
G.A. ( cm/ss2 )

103

102
2011 Off Tohoku M w9.1
2003 Off Tokachi M w8.3
2010 M aule, Chile M w8.8
2001 Peru M w8.4

101

Si and M idorikawa(1999) M w8.3

100

101

102

Fault Distance ( k m )Vellocity Reesponsee Spectrra(cm/s))

Comparison of Response Spectraon Stiff Soil Sites
1001010.1

Northern Japan 2011 K-NET Toyosato
Chile 2010 ConcepcionChilCi San
S PedroP dPeru 2001 Moquegua
Sumatra 2007 Sikuai IslandTokachi-oki 2003 K-NET Ikeda

1Period(s)1030Acc.(cmm/s/s)
Acc.(cm/s/ss) Acc.(cm/s/s)

Acc.(cm/ss/s)Acc.(cm/s/s)A

Comparison
pofAcceleration
Ti
TimeHistories
Hi t iTokachi-oki 2003 (M8.3)
K-NET Ikeda-EW

2000-200

Sumatra 2007 (M8.4)(M8 4)
Sikuai Island-NS

500-50200

Peru 2001 (M8.4)
M
Moquegua-EW
EW0-200
Chile 2010 (M8.8)
Concepcion San Pedro-EW

2000-200

Northern Japan 2011 (M9.0)
yK-NET Toyosato-EW

2000-200050100Time(s)15020031

Comparison of Duration of Strong Shaking
cumulative duration which is the time interval during which the central 90% of
the contribution to the integral of the square of the acceleration takes place.

Normalized Power

10.8
0.60.4
Northern Japan 2011 K-NET Toyosato-EW (162s)
Chile 2010 Concepcion San Pedro-EW
Pedro EW (141s)
Peru 2001 Moquegua-EW (86s)
Sumatra 2007 Sikuai Island-NS (73s)Tokachi-oki 2003 K-NET Ikeda-EW (105s)

0.2
050

100

150200250Time(s)M8.3-8.4 80-100sec., M8.8 140sec., M9.0 160sec.
32

Grouund Mootion DDurationn (s)100101brDo5)
78
91al.(tye6789M
33Summary• The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake
produced strong shaking with high acceleration and longduration in large area. The area of intensity 5 upper (MMI8) or greater is approx. 35,000 km2. On soft soils, groundmotion was stronger, which caused building damage.
y and Osaka which are far from the epicenter,p, longg• In Tokyo
period ground motion and large response of high‐risebuildings
g were observed.
• The strong motion records of this earthquake are comparedwith those from other earthquakes of magnitude over 88.
The acceleration level and spectral shape are similar toeach otherother, but the ground motion duration of thisearthquake is longer.
34

35

36

2011/03/11 14:47:36 東北地方太平洋沖地震 MYG004(築館)

AccelerationAcc.(cmm/s/s)

3000

NS
Max=2700.0(cm/s/s)

0Acc.(cm/m/s/s)

-3000
3000

EW
Max=-1268.5(cm/s/s)

K‐NET Tsukidate (MYG004)
Highest Acceleration Observed
2.7g in horizontal and1.9g in vertical1000

Acc.(cm/ss/s)

-3000
3000

UD
Max=1879.9(cm/s/s)

0-3000050100150200250300Vel.(cm/s)

Time (s)Velocity100

2011/03/11 14:47:36 東北地方太平洋沖地震 MYG004(築館)NS
Max=-101.5(cm/s)

0Vel.(cm/s)

-100
EW

100

Max=-50.7(cm/s)

0-100
UDVel.(cm/s)

100

Max=39.0(cm/s)

Veloocity Ressponse S
Spectra ((cm/s)

0h=0.05

10010

2011 Tohoku EQ.
K-NET Tsukidate(MYG004)
NSEW
UD1995 Kobe EQ.
JR Takatori (NS)

001
0.1

-100050

100

150Time (s)2002503001

Period (s)10