PT5E-0406

RIKEN PHOTOELECTRON
SPECTROMETER
ＡＣ－３
INSTRUCTION MANUALTABLE OF CONTENTS
１．In the beginning
１－１．Operational purpose
１－２．Caution for the safety…………………………２…………………………２…………………………３

２．Precautions on operation
２－１．Danger items
２－２．Warning items
２－３．Caution items…………………………４…………………………４…………………………５…………………………７

３．Product functions
３－１．Designations
３－２．Name of each part and functions
３－３．Block diagram for nitrogen gas tubing…………………………８…………………………８………………………１３………………………１５

４．Installation
４－１．Cautions for transportation and installation
４－２．Cable connection
４－３．Compressed air tubing
４－４．Nitrogen gas tubing………………………１８………………………１８………………………１８………………………１９………………………１９５．Operation method
５－１．Check items
５－２．Connection of power source
５－３．Power on
５－４．Measurement
５－５．Readout the width of slit
５－６．Stopping the operation………………………２０………………………２０………………………２０………………………２１………………………２１………………………２２………………………２３

６．Maintenance check
６－１．Daily check
６－２．Consumable parts………………………２４………………………２４………………………２６

７．Measure at abnormal case
７－１．Self-diagnosis at trouble
７－２．Responding to the trouble
７－３．Before it is thought to be a trouble………………………２７………………………２７………………………２７………………………２８８．Definition of terms………………………２９９．Measurement principle
９－１．Measurement principle of photo-election
９－２．Measurement of photo-election work function………………………３０………………………３０………………………３１

１０.List of product specification

１０－１．Product specifications
１０－２．Composition list1………………………３２………………………３２………………………３４

1. In the Beginning
It would be of our great pleasure to buy our PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROMETER “AC-3” this time.
And it is requested to check by referring model number and this instruction manual.
The required items to do this operation correctly are described in this instruction manual. Then, readthis manual fully even for well experienced customers who operated past as well as 1st time reader
and customers, and your understanding of this matter would be much appreciated.
Then, it is kindly arranged that this INSTRUCTION MANUAL must be ready to reach to and is stored ineasy place to get by end users it if required.
This manual is composed of followings. Read them to your necessity.

Title
AC-3 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Contents
This is a instruction manual of AC-3. Operational
procedures of AC-3 hardware are described.

AC-3 for Windows INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Operation manual for Windows software.
(Measurement of work function and ionization Measurement procedures for work function and ionization
potential)
potential are described.
AC-3 Consumable parts replacement method

Replacement method for consumable parts is described.

※It is strictly prohibited to copy on transcribe a part on whole of this manual without our priorapproval.

1-1. Operational purpose
・This is designed to measure the photoelectron emission in air under normal temperature and normalpressure of solid state sample surface in the room of clean laboratory or fine instrument factory to
be designed to generate the least emission of contamination on the material surface.
・The measurement of threshold energy photoelectron emission generated to radiate ultraviolet rays.
(In most case, this threshold energy is interpreted as work function and ionization potential.)21-2. Caution for the safety
The following headlines are used in this manual to work safety and effectively.

DANGERDANGER indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death orserious injury or serious damage to the product. This signal word is to be limited to the most extreme
situation.

WARNINGWARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death orserious injury on the human body or object.

CAUTIONCAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor ormoderate injury or some damage on the human body or object. It may also be used to alert against
unsafe practices.

＊ NOTE
This means “ADVICE” at operation

3２. Precautions on operation

2-1．Danger item

DANGER・Do not install this instrument in a closed confined room. There is a danger to occure accident
caused by oxygen deficiency if nitrogen gas would leak, since this instrument uses nitrogen gas
on operation. Be sure to install the oxygen deficiency alarm in the operation room.
・Do not use this instrument without flowing nitrogen gas. If nitrogen gas is not flowed, it isdanger that the ozone gas may be generated.

42-2．Warning items

WARNING・Do not open the cover while in operation.
・There is the high voltage part inside, you may receive the electric shock.
・As the ultraviolet rays are radiated from the lit-on lamp, do not see it by naked eyesabsolutely. This may cause the pain of eye or difficulties of eyesight.
・Do not illuminate ultraviolet rays directly to the skin. This may cause the inflammation of skin・As the lamp lit on or just after light-on is heated up, do not touch it by hand or skin. It may
cause a burn.

・Abnormal heat, fume, abnormal sound and nasty smell.
Iｆ any abnormality should take place during operation, stop operation immediately, switch off
the power and remove cable from the power socket. If continue to use, it may cause theelectric shock and fire.

・Shock caused by transportation, dropping, impact and so on.
Do not give a shock more than 1G by transportation on movement, dropping, impact and soon.
・As this is composed of fine electronics parts, it may become far from normal operation andmeasurement.

・Operation at place with high temperature, humidity and plenty of dust
・Do not store or operate at high temperature, humidity and plenty of dust. It may cause trouble
action., electric shock and fire. The operation shall be made at the given range of temperatureand humidity.
・When desired to move from low temperature place to high temperature place, there is the caseof dew inside or on the surface. The operation in such may cause the trouble. When move theproduct, leave it for some hours alone at the operation place and let it used to the ambient
temperature.

・When use the deteriorated parts
・Check the pipeline and replace the appropriate parts regularly. When continue to use thedeteriorated parts, it may cause breakage of pipe and exploded accident.
・The lamp which passes away life excessively may cause explosion.

5

WARNING
・Operation power
Do not use other power voltage than the described. It may cause the breakage of product,
electric shock and fire.

・Connection of earth terminal (grounding)
For safety, connect the power cable to electric outlet with earth (3P). When you use theaccessory transducer plug, ground the earth terminal. If not grounded, it may cause theelectric shock.

・Handling of power cable・Do not put things on the power cable, pull in, push out, bend or slice. As power cable isdamaged, it may cause electric shock and fire.
・When plug in and out the power cable into electric outlet, be sure to do it with power plug
grasped. When pull the cable, a part may be disconnected and cause the fire.
・Check that there is no dust on the power plug and plug into electric outlet fully. Then do not
use the loose electric outlet which may cause the contact failure. It may cause fire.
・When plug in the power cable, do not touch it by wet hand. It may cause the electric shock.
・Do not connect many cables into the same electric outlet. This may cause the fire and it may
affect other product by power shutoff of breaker due to over use of power. This is subject
to commercial power electric noise and may easily cause the trouble.

・Intrusion of foreign substanceDo not put other material than the measuring goods from the sample door. Also, do not enter
the metal material or flammable material inside from the windows. When use as it is, it may
cause the faulty action, electric shock and fire.

・Put things onto the product
Do not pull small metal goods such as pin, clip and container with water such as vane, plant.
When they put inside and operate it as it is, it may cause the damage of products, the electric
shock and fire.

6

2-3. Caution items

CAUTION・ Contact to the end surface of metal
When required to contact the end surface such as iron plate, enough attention and careshould be taken so that any damage cannot take place.
・ Do not use the Walky-talky near the product
When use the walky-talky etc which emits electric wave near the cable or product, there isthe case that the correct measurement cannot be carried out and the attention for
it would be required. When use such walky-talky etc, use it where there is no influence.
・ Procedure of power on
Make power on after Operating System (OS) for Personal Computer is set up. If the power
gets on before Operating System is set up, it may cause the error of operation.
・ Power on again
When make power on again, wait more than 5 minutes after power off. When make power on
within 5 minutes, there is the case that the normal operation cannot be carried out.
・ Operation at the unstable place
Do not put it at the suitable place such as slant and vibrating place. It may not do the normal
operation.
・ The caution for compressed air
When the following material is contained in the compressed air, it may deteriorate thedetector and dry air generating conditioner and there is possibility for damage.
Kind
Solvent
Acid
Gas
Oil

Materials which should not contain
Acetone, Benzene, Phenol, Toluene, Trichloroethylene, Xylene, Cresol,
Thinner, Aniline, Chloroform, Alcohol, Dioxane, Tetrahydrofuran, Methylene
chloride, Cyclohexanone, Carbon tetrachloride etc
Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Hydrochloric acid, Acetic acid, Lactic acid,
Chromic acid etc
Chlorine, Sulfur dioxide, Hydrogen sulfide, Bromine, Semiconductor
processing gas etc
Hydraulic fluid (Phosphatic Ester), Fuel oil, Water soluble cutting
fluid(Alkaline), Kerosene etc

・ When use at more than given pressure, it may damage the dry air generating system.
・ When induct liquid such as water from the compressed air pipe, it may damage the system.
・ When induct other gas such as N2 gas, oxygen, inert gas than air from compressed air pipe,
it may damage the system.

7

3.
Product functions
functions
３－１．Designations
３－１－１．Front panel(1) POWER/STANDBY Light(6) Sliding door

(2) ERROR A Light(3) ERROR B Light(4) OPEN Light(5) Power switch(7) Maintenance door 1

３－１－２． Sliding door inside(8) Sample door
(10) Flow meter for nitrogen gas(9) Change – over handle fornitrogen gas flow8

３－１－３．Sample door Inside(13) Height gauge(11) Sample stage(12) Sample clip(14) Height adjusting lever(14) Height adjusting

３－１－４．Maintenance door １ Inside(17) Dew point checker(16) Pressure gauge(16) Pressure gauge(18) Mist separator(15) Nitrogen gas flow
adjusting knob
(19) Drain cock(16) Pressure gauge(20) Micro-mist
separator(21) Membrane typeair dryer

9３－１－５．Rear panel(22) Maintenance door 3(29) Nitrogen gas IN(27) Compressed air IN(23) RS232C connector(24) Fuse(25) Breaker(26) AC power input(28) Drain OUT(30) Nitrogengas OUT
and Bypass OUT

10３－１－６．Upper panel(31) Maintenance door 2

３－１－７．Maintenance door 2, inside(33) Entrance slit(32) Detector(34) Exit slit

11

３－１－８．Side panel(35) Maintenance door 4

３－１－９．Maintenance door ４, inside(36)Photoelectron multiplier tube

12

３－２．Name of each part and function
３－２－１．Front panel（1）

POWER／STANDBY light：At measurement・・・Green light turns on.
At waiting (Warming up)・・・Green light flashes（2）

ERROR “A” light：At initial power on/trouble・・・Red light flashes（Light off at measuring condition）（3）

ERROR “B” light：At initial power on/trouble・・・Red light flashes.
（Light off at measuring condition）（4）

OPEN light：Orange light flashes when sample door is opened.

（5）

Power switch：ON（｜）、OFF（○）（6）

Sliding door

：Grip the handle and slide to the side to open the door.

（7）

Maintenance door 1

３－２－２．Sliding door, inside（8）

Sample door

：Push the upper surface to open measuring chamber.

（9）

Change-over handle for Nitrogen gas flow ：Adjusts the Nitrogen gas flow.

（10） Flow-meter for Nitrogen gas ：Checks Nitrogen gas flow

３－２－３．Sample door, inside（11）Sample stage：Stage to put on the sample（12）Sample clip

：Fixes the sample and makes the sample grounding（13）Height gauge：This gives height control standard of measuring surface.

（14）Height adjusting lever：Changes the height of measuring surface

３－２－４．Sample door 1, inside（15）Nitrogen gas flow adjusting knob：To adjust Nitrogen gas flow.
（16）Pressure gauge：Pressure gauge for compressed air.

（17）Dew point checker：Checks dew point（18）Mist separator：Separates the moisture in gas（19）Drain cock

：Cock to remove the drain（20）Micro-mist separator：Separates the moisture contained in the gas.

（21）Membrane type air dryer：Removes the humidity contained in the gas.

13

３－２－５．Rear panel（22）Maintenance door 3：UV lamp is installed inside this door（23）RS-232C connector：Port to connect PC（24）Fuse：３Ａ, ２ pieces（25）Breaker：This is for the main unit.

（26）ＡＣ power input：To input the AC power source（27）Compressed air IN：Inlet for compressed air（28）Drain OUT：Drain outlet（29）Nitrogen gas IN：Inlet for Nitrogen gas（30）Nitrogen gas OUT and bypass OUT ：Outlet for Nitrogen gas

３－２－６．Upper panel（31）Maintenance door 2

３－２－７．Maintenance door 2, Inside（32）Detector：Open counter（33）Entrance slit

：To adjust the entrance slit（34）Exit slit

：To adjust the exit slit

３－２－８．Side panel（35）Maintenance door 4

３－２－９．Maintenance door 4, inside（36）Photoelectron multifier tube

：Detects the photoelectron as electric current.

14

３－３．Block diagram
３－３－１．Electric line
Nitrogen IN

Nitrogen OUT Dry air

ＡＣ－３
Controller

Low energyPowersource for
UV lampelectron counter

Detector

meter

Sampleｅ

Sample

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Ｚ stage
Ｘ stage driver

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Spectro

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UV
Lamp

Ｘ stage

ControllereDisplay/Controller：Electron：Ultraviolet rays
：Pipe

Personal computer：Electric signal line

CRT display

Printer15

３－３－２．Compressed air tubing system

Pressure gauge for primary pressure
0.5～0.6 MPa

Compressed air IN
Pressure：0.5～0.7MPa
Flow：Over 5.5 NL/min
Tubing：6×4 mm

Mist separator

Regulator

Micro mist
separator

２ portsolenoid valve

Membrane
air dryer

Drain out

Pressure gauge for secondary pressure
0.1～0.25 MPa
Detector

Mass flow controller
At measuring: 0.251 L/min
At purging: 2.01 L/min

Regulator

16

３－３－３．Block diagram for nitrogen gas tubing

Pressure gauge
0.05～0.1 MPa
3-way
cock

Needle Valve(PARGE)N2 IN
Flow meter
Regulator

Pressure：0.5～0.6 MPa
Flow rate ： Above 5.0
NL/minTubing：6×4 mm

Needle Valve (MEAS.)
Spectrometer

N2 OUT
BYPASS
Relief Valve17

４. Installation
４－１．Caution for transportation and installation① When transport, take care not to overload more than 1 G acceleration by vibration.
② Install this product on the floor.
③ Use this products inside of the room such as laboratory etc under stable temperature andhumidity. Especially, the installation to the following place shall be requested to avoid. It may
cause the trouble and accident.
・Place outside of room and with water drops
・Place full of dust and humidity
・Place full of vibration
・Drastic change place of temp and humidity. Direct sun-draught and vibration wind.
・Place full of solvent, acid, alkaline vapors, much chemical floating.
④ As this is composed of fine electronics parts, do not drop or throw and mount it in stable andhorizontal place.
⑤ Keep noise source from large capacity of transducer, motor, motive power and high voltage
generator.
⑥ When use the walky-talky or hand-phone, put it at over 1m away from it to prevent the faulty
operation by electric wave barrier.

４－２．Cable connection① Connect this product and personal computer by RS cable (9 pin) supplied aｓ accessory.
② Connect power cable to this product.

18

４－３．Compressed air tubing① As tubing material, use the following nylon tube.
AIR IN side： Outer dia φ6mm, Inner dia φ4mm, Press resistance over 0.7MPa.
DRAIN OUT side： Outer dia φ8mm, Inner φ5mm, Press resistance over 0.3MPa.
② Check that the tube is cut vertically, the cross section is circle and there is no damage.
③ Check that the tube plugs into depth surely and cannot be pulled out after mounting .
④ Connect instrumentation air or compressed air (Pressure : 0.5～0.7MPa) to AIR IN side.
⑤ Tubing for drain OUT shall be led to the outside of this unit.

CAUTION
Water is discharged from DRAIN OUT. Exhaust to the outside so that the spherical instrument
cannot be wet. At this time, to prevent advertent flow, it is arranged that water can run down.

４－４．Nitrogen gas tubing① Use the stainless or PTFE tube for the IN side tubing.
Nitrogen gas IN side： Outer dia φ6mm, Inner diaφ4mm, Pressure resistance over 0.7MPa.
Nitrogen gas OUT side： Outer dia φ8mm, Inner dia φ5mm, Pressure resistance over 0.3MPa.
② Check that the tube is cut vertically, the cross section is circle and there is no damage.
③ Check that the tube plugs into depth surely and cannot be pulled out after mounting .
④ Connect Nitrogen gas (above 99.9% purity） to the N2 IN side.
⑤ Tubing for N2 OUT and BYPASS OUT shall be discharged to outdoor.
⑥ Adjust the pressure between 0.5-0.6Mpa with adjusting knob of the lower part of gauge bychecking pressure gauge.
⑦ Turn the change-over handle to the MEAS side and adjust the flow rate between 1.9-2.1L/min
with nitrogen gas flow adjusting knob by watching the flowmeter.
⑧ Turn this change-over handle to the PURGE side and adjust the flow rate between 4.9-5.1L/min
with nitrogen gas flow adjusting knob by watching the flowmeter.

DANGER
It is very dangerous since this unit uses a N2 gas in a high enclosed room.
Be sure to ventilate inside room. Also install oxygen detector. Nitrogen gas discharged from N2 OUT
shall be exhausted to the outdoor.

19

５. Operation method
５－１．Check items
・Wiring：Check that the main unit and personal computer etc are connected correctly.
・Tubing：Check that the given items(Tubing material or pressure etc) has no error or not.
Display/Controller(See

INSTRUCTION

Main unit

manualfor PC, printer etc)
RS-232C cable

Power cable(100V IN)

Compressed
Drain OUT

air IN(0.5～0.6MPa)

N2 OUT

BYPASS

N2 IN

OUT(0.5～0.6MPa)

Wiring・Tubing diagram

５－２．Connection of power source
Before connecting the power source, check the followings.
・Check that breaker on the rear side panel is off.
・Check that the supply voltage is 100VAC, 50/60Hz.
The power cable of this unit and that of personal computer (including display, printer) are connectedto the electric outlet with earth.

WARNING
Earth (ground) terminal connection
・For safety, connect the power cable to electric outlet with earth (3P)・When use the accessory transducer plug, ground to earth terminal.
・If not grounded, there is the possibility of electric shock.

20

５－３．Power ON
Make power on with the following procedure① Turn power on for personal computer② Check the Windows PC is set up.
③ Make ON the breaker on rear side of this unit.
④ Make “ON” (I side) in the front panel of this unit.

CAUTIONAs this system may cause function error, do not make the following action absolutely.
・Make power on before Windows PC is set up.
・Start the AC-3 for Windows before error light flicker is put out.

５－４．Measurement
The measurement is carried out by use of AC-3 for Windows. For this detail, see AC-3 for Windows
INSTRUCTION MANUAL 『How to measure the Work Function and Ionization Potential』.
Now, for correct measurement, the following attention shall be made.
・Avoid the sample contamination as possible as can be. For handling, use the tweezers. Take care
not to give your breathing breath to the sample. (To avoid the adsorption by moisture in
expiration)
・As the dust is much smaller than measuring scope area, this does not affect the measuring value inmost cases. If you worry about it, remove it by tweezers or blow it out by air.
・Over 90% ultraviolet rays to be radiated is given to the spot of ultraviolet rays center of sample
stage. Then, this is measuring scope. When over 2 kinds of materials co-existing on the surface ofmeasuring scope, the photoelectron is discharged from them. Then, correct measurement can not
be performed. Also, the photoelectron is discharged since the slight ultraviolet rays are radiatedto the periphery of measuring scope.
2 mm*

Back
Ultraviolet rays areradiated to this part

Left
5 mm

Right

*Twice width of the slit
Front
Spot of ultraviolet rays

21

・Adjust the height of SAMPLE STAGE.(See “Measurement of Work Function and Ionization
Potential” section in instruction manual of AC-3 for Windows.) It is possible to adjust at within+0.2mm by HEIGHT GAUGE. The radiation light beam comes in from optical fiber at angle of 30°.
Then, if the height is deviated by 0.2mm, the deviation of the radiation position shall be 0.35mm.
・The configuration of sample is rectangle with thickness at 10mm, one stroke at 20mm～30mm or
powder material. (Use the optional sample tray for powder) For other material, it cannot be fixedat the sample stage and tends fall down from the sample stage during operation.
・When measure the same size sample or below as measuring scope, the attention is required. For
example, when measure the photoemission property from ITO which was patterning to the same
configuration with the spot of ultraviolet rays on aluminum plate with one stroke at 20mm, approx
10% ultraviolet rays shall be radiated onto aluminum though the position and height are adjusted
precisely. As aluminum discharges over 50 times’ photoelectron of ITO, this result shows
photoemission property from aluminum. In such case, it is recommended to measure by masking
with tape which is difficult to discharge photoelectron. In this occasion, measure photoelectron
emission behavior of the masking material and compare the data with them. Take note that
abnormal measurement value will be taken on certain occasions if the masking material iselectrified.
・The counting rate of photoelectron should be measured at the range of below 2000cps. From therelation of correction, the accuracy of counting rate at over 2000cps will be worse. The counting
rate of photoelectron should be controlled by UV intensity.

５－５．Read out the width of slit

Microhead

①

②

22

Read out the value of micro-head on an extension of ②line. In this occasion, current width of slit canbe seen by checking the position of borderline①.
The photo shows that reading of micro-head scale is 0 and that of borderline is 1.0.
According to the above, the width of slit is 1.00mm. The width of slit changes 1.00mm by making
micro-head 4 turns. When the borderline① is positioned at 2.5(the bottom of the scale from the left).
The width of slit becomes 2.5mm.

５－６．Stopping the Operation① When measurement form is opened in display/controller part(personal computer), chose it.
② After changing over the power switch on the surface panel of main unit from ON（｜side） to OFF（○ side）, make breaker OFF at the rear panel of main unit.
③ Turn off the compressed air at the main and stop the compressor.
④ When water is deposited in mist separator, turn the drain cock to the right and exhaust it. After
exhausted out, be sure to close the drain cock.
⑤ Close the Windows and make off the power of personal computer, display, and printer.

＊NOTE
Though the main unit remains OFF, the measurement can be edited by making start up the AC-3 forWindows.

23

6. MAINTENANCE CHECK
It is required to make the regular maintenance check to maintain the function and reliability of
products.

６－１．Daily check
６－１－１．Checking indication lights
Check that POWER／STANDBY、TROUBLE and OPEN lights are turned on correctly.
・POWER／STANDBY light ：At measurement ･･････････････････････

Green light on

During warming up････････････・・・ Green light flicker
・ERROR light：At normal ･･････････････････・・･･････

Light off

At trouble･･････････････････

Red light flicker

At operation check・・・・・・・

Red light flicker（Just after power on）
・OPEN light：When sample door is opened,･･･････・・

Orange light flickers.

６－１－２．Checking the inside of sample room
Before power one, open sample door and check that there is no dirt inside. If any dirt is found,remove it with the following method.
① Inhale the contamination by powders with the vacuum cleaner.
② Remove the dirt cohesive on the sample stage by use of waste etc soaked in the solvent.
③ When use the liquid such as solvent to remove contamination, open sample door and leave it fora few hours and use it after the volatile vapors go out from the sample room.

CAUTION
When measure with electrified powder or volatile solvent left in the sample room, it may give damage tothe detector and shorten the life.

６－１－３．Checking the compressed air
Check that the supply pressure is between 0.5～0.7MPa and also, check pressure gauge, dew point
checker and tubing.
・Pressure gauge for primary check ：0.5～0.6MPa
・Pressure gauge for secondary check：At operation stop／within 15 min after power on ・・0.0MPa
After 15 min from power on ・・・ 0.1～0.25MPa・Dew point checker：To be green color

At trouble time, re-check supply pressure. If there is no trouble, see “AC-3 INSTRUCTION
MANUAL” 『Consumable parts replacement method』 and check the air tubing system.

24

６－１－４．Checking the Nitrogen gas supply
Check that the supply pressure is between 0.5～0.6Mpa and also, check the pressure gauge andtubing.
・Pressure gauge：0.05～0.1MPa・Tubing for N2 OUT shall not be choked and nitrogen gas shall be exhausted to outdoor.

６ － １ － ５ ． Checking the reproducibility for the measurement of Work
Function
Measure the work function of test sample (metal plate) and check the reproducibility of work
function.
① Measure the correction coefficient of light intensity (For measuring condition, see instruction
manual for AC-3 for Windows “Measurement of Work Function and Ionization Potential.”② Measure the Work Function of the test sample. In this occasion, check that the Work Function iswithin a range of 4.6～.2eV and the slope is above 20Y/eV.
③ Measure test sample 10 times.
④ Check that the standard deviation of Work Function is below 0.02eV.
※ In case that the Work Function of test sample is varied due to environmental change,measurement value will be gradually changed. In this case, evaluate the data for 10 times
measurement after measurement value is stabilized.
Example) Since that data from 1 to 3 times are fluctuated, use the data from 4 to 13 for calculation.

Times

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Result

4.92

4.95

4.98

4.98

4.97

4.95

4.96

4.97

4.99

4.99

4.97

4.98

4.97

（Standard deviation＝0.0119）⑤ Check that the standard deviation of the slope is below 0.5 Y/eV.

25

６－２．Consumable parts
For replacement of consumable parts, see AC-3 instruction manual 『Consumable parts replacement
method』.

６－２－１．Detector
If the anode of open counter for detector of AC-3 should get dirty, it becomes impossible tomeasure. When 「Troubled on detector」 was displayed (AC-3 for Windows) or the deterioration
phenomenon of detector such as low detection efficiency, high noise and diversion of measurement
value, replace it. The frequency of replacement is about 1 year.
The old sensors to be replaced can be reactivated by overhaul. The overhaul of this sensor should
be contacted to Riken Keiki.

６－２－２．Ultraviolet rays (UV) lamp
This unit applies deuterium lamp to generate ultraviolet rays. Replace when the lamp blows orillumination gets unstable. The life of lamp is about 1500 hours.

６－２－３．Photomultiplier tube
The life of photomultiplier is about 5 years.

６－２－４．Maintenance of tubing system
It is hinted that replacement frequency of mist separator element and micro mist separator element
are once in 2 years and that of membrane air dryer is once in 4 years. Then, the high pressure is given
to the tubing system and checks the flaws, crack and other damages for deterioration could bechecked, replace that parts swiftly.

26

７. Measures at abnormal case
７－１．Self-diagnosis at troubleThis is provided with self-diagnosis that each function check is made at power on and during
operation. When the trouble is checked, it is impossible to make normal operation. Research the cause
and take the appropriate measures.
Now, this shows the trouble at the following two methods.

（1）Function of AC-3 main unit:
At trouble, ERROR light (red) will flicker.

（2）Function of control PC:
At trouble time of software, it shows error message on the display.

CAUTION
When the control unit is scrambled at unexpected cause, there is the case that error message andflickering of ERROR light will not be displayed.

７－２．Responding to the trouble
Stop the operation and remove the trouble cause by seeing the next page. After removing the case,
re-operate it and check whether trouble phenomenon will re-appear or not.
If trouble should re-appear with unknown cause of different trouble should appear continuously,note-down the trouble cause and inform it to Riken Keiki.
If there is the possibility that any harm could be given to human body by this trouble phenomenon,
contact Riken Keiki without checking this re-appearance.
When the trouble data is measured, be sure to save this trouble data. In most cases, this will work forresearch of trouble cause.

27

７－３．Before it is thought to be a trouble
Symptom(S)Probable causes

Recommend action

No plug into electric outlet of Make main switch off and plug
power cord
right power cord in the electric
outlet. Then, make power SW
No power in the electric outlet.
on.
Cannot be power on

Electric fuse is blown.

After checking why fuse blew
out and found no problem,
replace the fuse.

Make main SW off and after
The breaker on the rear side isturning up breaker, make power
broken down.
SW on.
Can make power on but
Sample door cover is open.
cannot operate

Close the cover andautomatically operates.

Connection of RS-232C cableCommunication
fails fails
though AC-3 for Windows Communication
troublebyis set up.
momentaryelectromagnetic
noise.

Re-connect
connection

Just power on, ERROR
Flicker showing function check.
light A(red) will flicker.

RS-232Citcable

Re-start up the main unit andAC-3 for Windows.
No trouble when put out within a
few minutes.

ERROR light B(red) will The compressed air pressure is Check the compressed air andflicker.
down.
re-start the main unit.
Trouble of detector is
Detector troubled
displayed.

Replace detector

Setting trouble for light
Lamp is at trouble.
intensity is displayed.

Replace lamp.

28

８. Definiion of terms
SlopeThis is the slope of graph between the energy of UV rays and photoelectron yield. It will be a hint ofphotoelectron emission.
Threshold energy
This is the threshold energy to start up photoelectron emission.
Work function
This is the required energy to take out 1pce electron.
Ionization potential
This is the lowest energy required for ionization of molecule and valence band maximum energy ofsemiconductor.
The energy of UV rays
Energy per one photon of radiation light beam. By wave length of radiation light, it can be calculatedwith following expression.
Energy[eV]＝1240/Wave length[nm]UV Intensity
Whole energy of radiation light per second. This can be calculated by output current of photo diode.
(UV Intensity[nW])=(The number of the photon of UV ray par 1 sec.) ×(energy[eV])÷0.625
By photoelectron spectrum measurement, UV Intensity will be 5.90eV.
Light intensity correction
As there is the difference of every energy UV intensity, correct it. Suppose that the yield will be indirect proportional to UV Intensity. It shall be corrected by the following formula.
(The counting rate after correction)＝（The counting rate before correction）÷(The Number ofphoton)×(The Number of photon of 5.90eV)29

９. Mesurement principle
９－１．Measurement principle of photoelectron
The AC-3 applies an open counter enable to count photoelectron in air.

Fig 9-1-1 shows theprinciple diagram.. The sample is placed just below the detector and is made grounding. The detector
is composed of dual metal tube and metal wise being passed through the center of its tube. A past of
this metal tube is composed of wire netting and called as suppressor grid and quenching grid
respectively. At an initial stage, 80V and 100V each voltage is being supplied to them.

The metal

wire is called as an anode and approx 2900V is being supplied to it. An electron emitted from asample surface by irradiation of ultraviolet rays is repeating collisions with oxygen molecule and moves
toward the suppressor grid. After that, the electron attaches to an oxygen molecule, enters into
detector and is carried toward the anode as a carrier. And it is accelerated by the intensified electricfield around the anode and is separated from oxygen molecule. Accelerated electron by approachingclosely to the anode ionizes and multiplies oxygen molecule by collision. This phenomenon is called as
an electron slide.

The electron multiplied by electron slide is collected to the anode and makegeneration of electric pulse at the external circuit. This pulse is captured by electric circuit andcounts electron.

Now electron slide generated by the electron emitting into the detector also

generates a lot of positive ions.

This positive ion moves toward the sample surface slowly thanelectron because of a large mass. However, if it lie, it makes a generation of electron slide unstableby the following electron or collides to the sample. Then, electric circuit captures and counts pulse
signal, and at the same time changes voltage at quenching grid and suppressed grid to 400V and – 30V
respectively only for 3 msec. As a result, the potential difference between quenching grid and anodebecomes small and stops a generation of electron slide. During this period a positive ion is neutralizedby both grids and disappeared. The suppression grid prevents collision of positive iron to the sample,
and also prevents the electron from entering into the detector during disappearance.

Detector

Preamp VS

A

VGq

Ｇs

VGs

V

S

Controller

e

Ｇq

Stage

Fig 9-1-1 Opencountercomposition
Open countercomposition
Ｇs：Suppresser Grid

Ｇq：Quenching Grid

A：AnodeS：Sample：Electron30e９－２．Measurement of photoelectron work function
AC-3 consists of UV lamp, spectrometer, open counter, controller, X-Z stage and personal computer
as shown in Fig 9-2-1.
UV
Lamp

SpectroPersonal

Controller

metercomputerOpen-counterｅ

Sample：Ultraviolet rays

Sample stage

ｅ ：Electron

Ｘ－Z Stage

Fig. 9-2-1 AC-3 Composition
For the light source to emit ultraviolet rays, deuterium lamp is used. The light beam of wavelength177.1～310ｎｍ emitted from the lamp is diverged into the arbitrary wavelength by spectrometer andradiated to the sample surface.
The energy E of this one photon is 7.0～4ｅＶ converting with E=h・c/λ(h: plank’s constant, c: light
velocity, λ: Wavelength). When shifting this irradiation light from low energy to high energy,
photoelectrons start to emit at a certain energy level, due to photoelectron effect. This energy levelis called the “Photoelectron Work Function.”
The photoelectron work function is dealt with “Work Function” for the metal sample and “Ionization
Potential” for the semiconductor sample respectively.
30
between the photon energy(UV energy, X axis) andthe square root of yield ratio (Y axis) is a linear line.
And the photoelectron work function is obtained by
the crossing point of the back

d
l
e
i
y
f
o
t
o
o
r
e
r
a
u
q
S

If the test sample is a metal, the relationship

20
10
0

ground and the yield obtained from the minimum

3.4

square root as shown in Fig 9-2-2.
Also the slope of yield line becomes a index of the

5.0
UV energy

surface contamination, oxidized film thickness andFig 9-2-2 Relation between

so on.

UV energy and electron

31

6.2

１０. List of product specifications
１０－１．Product specifications
１０－１－１．Main unit
Model
Measurement
methodEnergy scanning
range forphotoelectron
measurement
Energy scanning
range for UV
intensity
measurement
Repeatability
precision(Standard deviation)
Measurement time
Ultraviolet rays lamp
Ultraviolet rays spot
size
Spectrometer
SampleStage
Operatingtemp/humidity
Power requirement
Compressed airCompressed nitrogen
Dimension
WeightＡＣ－３
Low energy electron counter method

4.0～7.0eV（310～177.1nm）

4.0～7.0eV（310～177.1nm）

Work function 0.02eVStandard time required for work function measurement : Approx 5min(Energy scanning range ：5.0～7.0eV, Step： 0.1eV, Counting time：10 sec／1 energy）
Deuterium lamp with lamp house
2.5×5mm（at 1.00mm slit）
Nitrogen substitution type grating monochrometer
30mm×30mm Max, Thickness 10mm Max
1 pt measure at the center of sample stage
Ｚ axis （Manual）：10mm
15～35℃、Below 60％RH
100VAC, 50/60Hz 5A(MAX)
Pressure: 0.5～0.7MPa,
Flow rate: 5.5NL/min and above
Tubing : 6mm O.D., SUS or PTFE tubing
Purity： Above 99.9%, Pressure: 0.5-0.6MPa,
Flow rate: 2NL/min at measurement, 5NL/min at purging
Tubing : Intake 6mm O.D., Outlet 8mm O.D., SUS or PTFE tubing
Approx 740(W)×680(D)×985(H) without caster
Approx 120kg

32

１０－１－２．Display unit (Personal computer)
Display

Personal computer

PrinterOS

Resolution ： Over 1024×768 pixel
Desk top
Processor：Celeron 600MHz or overMemory： Above 512MB
Hard disk ： Space over 40GB
RS-232C port (D-SUB 9 pins)
CD-ROM drive
Mouse
Color,
Windows 7※The above specifications are the minimum recommendation to operate AC-3 for Windows. For
details, refer to instruction manual or specification sheets for display unit which will be attachedseparately.

１０－１－３． Software function （AC-3 for Windows）
Function

Description

Work function
measurement

By measuring photoelectron spectrum, the work function or ionization
potential can be determined.

Automatic lightintensity adjustment
Automatic system startup function

If load in the target UV intensity, UV intensity is adjusted automatically.
Initial of the system and anode voltage of detector is automatically setup.

Cut and paste function

The measurement data is made use of by other application software
through cut and paste. (Japanese edition: Function check finished only
for Word 2000, Excel 2000)

Energy scanning
function

Photoelectron can be counted by scanning the UV energy in the rangeof 4.00～7.00eV.

Light intensity
correcting function

Light intensity can be counted by scanning the UV energy in the rangeof 4.00 ～ 7.00eV. Reliance to the UV intensity of photoemission
quantity can be corrected with this measurement valve.

Photoelectron spectrum Scales of horizontal axis and vertical axis for photoelectron spectrum
display function
can be changed.
Power number
calculation function

Calculates the power number on vertical axis of photoelectron spectrum
graph and make decision of work function or ionization potential easily.

Light intensity spectrum
Displays the light intensity spectrum for light intensity correction.
display function
Graph comparison
function
Multiple display
function
Data explorer function

Displays graphs simultaneously and they are comparable (Max 5 graphs)
Plural form can be opened simultaneously (Max 5 forms)
Easy to deal the data with data display function by explorer form.

33

１０－２．Composition list
・Photoelectron Spectrometer in Air（AC-3） 1set

・Standard accessories

1set

１０－２－１． Standard accessories
・Display/controller (with instruction manual and warranty sheet)

1set

・Power cable

1pce.

・Detector （LE-6110）

1 pce.

・Conversion plug

1pce.

・Standard sample

1 pce

・UV lamps with holder

1pce.

・Communication cable (RS-232C)

1 pce.

・Standard sample holder and cover

1pce.

・Tweezers

1pce.

・Ball-point driver

1pce.

・Spanner

1pce.

・System software (CD-ROM)

1pce.

・AC-3 instruction manual

1vol.

・Warranty sheet

1sheet１０－２－２．Optional accessories
・Powder sample tray

20pcs/set・Compressor （C3-AIR）※

・Fermi level measuring instrument （FAC-2）※The supply condition of compressed air is pressure at 0.5～0.6MPa and flow rate at over 5.5NL/min.
The tubing should be nylon tube with over φ6mm (outer dia), φ4mm(inner dia) and over 0.6MPa(Pressure resistance).

１０－２－３．Maintenance parts
・Detector (LE-6110)

・Element for mist separator

・Element for micro mist separator

・Ultraviolet rays lamp for AC-3

・Membrane module34ＡＣ－３ for Windows－How to measure the Work Function andthe Ionization Potential－
Contents
１.
２.
３.
４.
５.
６.
７.
８.
９.
１０.
１１.
１２.
１３.
１４.

Outline…………………………………
1
Caution…………………………………
1
How to use this manual ………………………… 1
Flow of measurement …………………………… 2
Preparation of equipment ……………………… 3
Preparation of system …………………………… 4
Measurement of photoelectron spectrum ……… 5
Measurement of light intensity correction coefficient …… 14
Determination of work function and ionization potential … 17
Comparison of graph …………………………… 21
Display of light intensity correction coefficient
23
Print-out ……………………………………
24
How to finish windows ………………………… 25
Other function …………………………
26

１．Outline
This manual describes how to seek for work function and ionization potential by measuring thephotoemission threshold energy of the test sample with AC-3.

２．Caution
This manual is described in the premise of following.
① AC-3 and personal computer are set up correctly.
② AC-3 for Windows is correctly installed.
③ Operator knows Operation of Windows.
④ Operator knows the meaning of work function, ionization potential and relation withphotoelectron emission.
* Prior to this manual, read INSTRUCTION MANUAL for PHOTOELECTRON SEPCTROMETER
AC-3 and Windows INSTRUCTION MANUAL.

３． How to use this manual
For users who use AC-3 first, prepare the standard sample and tweezers, and start to measureaccording to this manual. The set condition required at that time, see the example. The
experienced users, see ＊Noteand start to measure.

Read this manual well and arrange to measure correctly.

1

４．

Flow of the measurement
Below is the measurement flow. The number corresponds to chapter.
5.Preparation of equipment
Compressed air/nitrogen gas supply，switching the handle (N2 PURGE), PC
power on，OS startup，AC-3 power on，Warming-up (Approx 30 min)6. Preparation of system
AC-3 for Windows setup，Connection（Approx 10 min）, Switching the handle (MEAS)

7.Photoelectron spectrum measurement
Measurement form，Setting the measurement conditions, Sample setup，Measurement，Sample out

8. Measurement of light intensity correction coefficient
Measurement Form，Measurement condition setup，Measurement

9. Determination of work function and Ionization potential
Data Manager Form，Light intensity correction，Display, Photoemission threshold energy

10.Conparison of graph

11.Display of light intensity

12.Print out

correction coefficient

13.Finish
Finishing AC-3 for Windows，Finishing of AC-3，Stopping of compressed air
and nitrogen gas supply, Drain out, Finishing the PC2

５．Preparation of equipment
It is prepared to measure by AC-3.
①Supply the compressed air（0.5－0.7Mpa）.When supply it by pump, make this power on. Whensupply from factory piping, open the original supply valve.
②Place the nitrogen flow change-over handle to PURGE side and supply the compressed
nitrogen (Purity: Above 99.9%, Pressure: 0.5～0.6MPa).

！DANGER
Verify that the nitrogen gas is exhausted to outdoor. It is dangerous if nitrogen gas
would be pervaded in a closed indoor. Recommend to install our oxygen deficiency
alarm.

③Make POWER SW of personal computer ON and start up Windows.
④Check that Windows is started up.
⑤Make on the breaker power at the real panel of main unit (LC1).
⑥Make on（｜side）the POWER SW on the surface panel LC1.
⑦Warming up starts with power ON. After completion of warming up（After about 30min）
POWER/STANDBY light will turn green lighting.

＊NOTE
For checking the past measurement data, you may proceed to “6. Preparation of system”
just after ④.（After warming up and connection, start to measure.）3

６．Preparation of system
Prepare the personal computer and AC-3 for Windows.

6-1.Preparing the system①Start up AC-3 for Windows. Example）start up program of like 『start』→『Program』→『AC-3for Windows』.
②Open Main Form and Data Manager Form.

AC2 Desk Top

FolderMeasurement (M)Status Window4

6-2.Connection①Enter the Measurement(M)－Connection(N).
②Prepare Connection. Connection means the establishment of communication with main unit,
Initialize Light Intensity Adjuster and Setting Anode Volts. The existing status is displayedon Status Window.
③After about 10minutes, Connection is finished. Anode Voltage and ready condition of AC-3 aredisplayed. Click OK on message box.

 CAUTION
When make other application software treatment or that of AC-3 for Windows during
connection or measurement through OS spec, there is the case of inability forcommunication. During communication treatment with main unit for connection andmeasurement, do not let personal computer make other treatment.
After completion of connection, place the nitrogen flow change-over handle to MEAS side andverify that flow rate of compressed nitrogen is 2L/min.

７．Measurement of photoelectron spectrum
7-1.Make up folder and starting the Work Function Form
①Click the icon of AC-3 Desk Top and make it active.
②Enter File(F)－Create Folder(W).
③Enter Folder name. Example）test④Check that the prepared Folder is active.
⑤When select Measurement(M)－Work Function, the work Function Form is opened.

＊NOTE
When the another form is active, Measurement Form cannot be started.
When Measurement Form is started up, close beforehand and open Work Function
Form.

5

7-2.Explanation of Work Function Form
⑥
⑥

④④
④

③
③③

①

①
①

③

⑤
⑤⑤

②
②
②
②

⑤

⑦
⑦
⑦
①GraphThe measurement data is depicted on the Graph.
②Data Table
The measurement data is listed.
③Control List
The required condition for measurement can be entered. After clicking the right side box for each
items of words and number, enter from key board. For selection, when click the right side box, ▼button is displayed. When click it, the selection menu is displayed. Select it from this.
④Location window
This shows the Folder filing the measurement data.
⑤Light intensity correction coefficient Window
This displays Light intensity correction coefficient number used for light intensity correction.
⑥Menu Bar
This changes over measurement and form.
⑦Task Bar
This shows the existing condition and changes over form.

＊NOTE
The default of Control List is in the same condition as last measured data.

67-3.Measurement condition setup
Enter measurement condition from Control List.
①Enter the sample name. The name entered here will be the name of Work Function Data Filedisplayed in the Data Manager Form. Click the right side box of Sample Name. Operate key andpress Enter. When re-write the sample name entered already, press space key after having clicked.
Example）TEST②When click Location Window, it shows folder. Select the folder to file measuring data from now
on.

Example）test③Enter Start Energy. Example）Open List Box of Start Energy and select 4.20eV.
④Enter Finish Energy. Example）Open List Box of Finish Energy and select 6.20eV.
⑤Enter Step. Example）Open List Box of Step and select 0.10eV.

＊NOTE
When make preliminary measurement, it shall finish sooner by spreading Step.

⑥ Set up Counting Time. Example）10⑦Set up UV Intensity. Firstly enter Target of UV Intensity Adjustment. Target of UV Intensity
Adjustment should be set up between UV Intensity(Max) and UV Intensity(Min). Example）10⑧Select Measurement(M)-UV Intensity Adjustment(L) of Menu Bar. As message box of UVIntensity Adjustment is displayed, click YES(Y) and start up automatic control of UV Intensity.
When finish controlling, UV Intensity will be the same as Target value. When finish UV Intensity
Adjustment, the message box which finishes set-up will open and click OK. Now, the black color ofControl List will be green at±5％ of target, yellow at ±5～20% of target, and red at over±20％
of target.

＊NOTE
・ Appropriate UV Intensity differs by sample. make preliminary measurement ofphotoelectron spectrum and arrange so that an appropriate slope can be obtained.
・ When Target of UV Intensity Adjustment is near from the Minimum or maximum of UVIntensity, there is the case that it can not be set at within ±5％ of set value. In thiscase, message box for UV intensity measurement failure is displayed.

7 CAUTION
When open the cover of SAMPLE DOOR during measurement of UV Intensity, thesample stage may move suddenly and give inquiry by it. Or there is the case that UVIntensity gets troubled.
⑨Input Power Number. Power Number is that of vertical line for data to be displayed on Graph.
Input the decimal number below 1. Example) 0.5⑩ Input information of measuring sample, material etc in Notes１.
⑪Select Light intensity correction coefficient. Select light intensity correction coefficient file tobe used in the light intensity correction window and double click it. When make light intensity
correction later, right click the name of light intensity correction coefficient on control list to delete it.
Example）Adjustment Data Delete

87-4.Sample mounting① Enter Measurement(M)-Sample(S) on Menu Bar.
② As message box of sample stage confirming the movement is displayed, click YES(Y).
③ Check that the roaring sound of sample stage could not be heard and open the door.

④ Push the cover of SAMPLE DOOR on the part marked “Push” and when tick sound could beheard, release your hand.

⑤ SAMPLE DOOR cover is open. Check that OPEN light will flicker in red.

WARNING

When OPEN light cannot flicker in red, there is the interlock trouble. In this case, even
if SAMPLE DOOR cover is open, there is the possibility that sample stage will move.

9

⑥ Put SAMPLE to the left side of you on SAMPLE STAGE.
Height gauge

SampleProbeHeight Handle⑦ Control the sample stage height level. Put SAMPLE on left side of SAMPLE STAGE. Next,
draw HEIGHT GAUGE and sandwich the SAMPLE between SAMPLE STAGE. Then, Rotate
Height Handle of sample stage so that the top end will correspond to the height of measuringunit.

 WARNING

When put a part of sample in higher position than HEIGHT GAUGE probe, there will bepossibility that the main unit or sample may be damaged by the crush of detectors. Thenbe sure to control the height.

⑧ Fasten Sample by sample clip in the center of sample stage.
2ｍｍ*

Back

UV light is radiated tothis part

Left

5ｍｍ

Right

*2 times width of slit
Front
Figure for UV ligh spot
⑨ Close the SAMPLE DOOR and push in the vicinity marked “Push”. Release hand until itsounds ticking.
⑩ Check that SAMPLE DOOR is closed and click OK on screen.

107-5.Measurement① When select Measurement(M)-Measurement(G) of Menu bar, the photoelectron spectrum
measurement will start.
② When measurement starts, Graph and data shall be displayed and the counting rate of eachenergy is plotted. The horizontal line of Graph is the energy of UV rays and the unit is eV. The
vertical line is the power number of the counting rate and the unit is [cps^n]. This “ｎ”is thepower number. The upper limit of vertical line will automatically be about 2000^n.
③ After measurement of background, quantity of photoelectron is measured every energy of UV
ra ys in turn.

While in measurement

Measurement finished

While in measurement

Measurement finished④ When the measurement is finished, the message box showing finish will open and click OK.

 CAUTION

From OS spec, when make treatment of AC-3 for Windows and other application soft
during connection and measurement, there will be possibility of no communication withmain unit. While communicating with main unit such as connect, measurement, do not let
the computer do other treatment.

*NOTE
Measurement is interrupted by Measurement(M)-Measurement Cancel(G).

11⑤When UV Intensity is small or the range of measuring energy is not appropriate, control themand start re-measurement.

Step 0.05eV

Defect in energy range

Low UV Intensity

High UV Intensity12

7-6.Sampling① Select the Measurement(M)-Sample(S) of Menu Bar.
② Check that the message box is displayed and active sound of sample stage becomes off.
③ By pushing SAMPLE DOOR on the part of Push marking, release hand after tick sound could
be heard.
④ SAMPLE DOOR gets open.
⑤ Take out sample.
⑥ Close by pushing SAMPLE DOOR on the part of Push marking and release hand after ticksound could be heard.
⑦ Check that SAMPLE DOOR is closed and click OK on the screen.

7-7.Setting Anode Voltage, Initializing Light Intensity Adjuster
After connection, when continue to measure for a long hour of over 24 hours or temperature andatmospheric pressure varies, re-set Anode Voltage and initialize Light Intensity Adjuster.
1) Resetting anode voltage
The re-set of Anode Voltage shall automatically be carried out by operating Measurement(M)－Anode Voltage(V). It finishes after about 5 minutes and as the message box is open, click OK.
2) Initializing light intensity adjuster
Initialization of Light Intensity Adjuster shall automatically be carried out by operating
Measurement(M)-Initialization by Light Intensity Adjuster (I). It finishes after about 5 minutes and as
the message box is open, click OK.

7-8.How to finish Measurement Form
Under active condition of Measurement Form, finish Measurement Form by File(F)－Close(X).

13

８．Measurement of light intensity correction coefficient
8-1. Start-up of light intensity correction coefficient form
① By Data Manager, click the folder and make it active.
② When select Measurement(M)－light intensity correction coefficient(L), Work Function
Form shall open.

 CAUTION
For other measurement form, close it in advance and then open light intensity correction
coefficient Form.

8-2. Explanation of Light Spectrum Form
④

④

③

③

②
①

②

①

⑤

⑤

①Data Table
Make list of the measurement data.(Space before measurement starts)②Control List
Enter the required conditions for measurement(How to enter is the same as Work Function Form.)③Location Window
This indicates the folder filing the measurement data.
④Menu Bar
This makes measurement and change-over of form.
⑤Task Bar
This indicates the current condition and changes over the form.
14

8-3.Measurement condition setup
Input measurement condition from control list.
① Input the Sample Name. The name inputted herewith will be the name of Light Spectrum
Data File shown on Data Manager Form. Click the right side box of sample name and input
the word with keyboard. Then, press Enter. When try to re-write the Sample Name, input bypressing space key after click. Example）test② When click Location Window, it shows folder. Select the folder filing Light Spectrum Data to
be measured from now on.
③ Input Start Energy. Example）Open the List Box of Start Energy. Select 4.20eV.
④ Input Finish Energy. Example）Open List Box of Finish Energy. Select 6.20eV.
⑤ Input Step. Example) Open List Box of Step. Select 0.10eV.

＊NOTE
When make preliminary measurement, this finishes earlier by widening Step.
⑥ UV Intensity shall be set up. When measure at the same value with the current UV Intensity(Measured UV Intensity）,input the value of±５％ of UV Intensity to Target of UV Intensity
Adjustment. Example）10⑦ When set UV Intensity newly, input Target of UV Intensity Adjustment and selectMeasurement(M)-UV Intensity Adjustment(L) of Menu Bar.
⑧ Input the information such as measurement condition at Notes１.

8-4.Measurement① By selecting Measurement(M)-Measurement(G) of Menu Bar, start measurement.
② When start measurement, light intensity correction coefficient of the each energy is shown on
data table.
③ When finish measurement, the message box is opened and click OK.
④ As the message box is opened, click YES(Y) button and save it.

 CAUTION
From OS spec, when make treatment of AC-3 for Windows and other application soft
during connection and measurement, there will be possibility of no communication withmain unit. While communicating with main unit such as connect, measurement, do not let
the computer do other treatment.
15

8-5.How to finish Measurement Form
Under active condition of Measurement Form, close the form from File(F)-Close(X).

16

９．Determination of the work function and the ionization potential
Click Data Manager button of Task Bar and make Data Manager Form displayed.

9-1.Explanation of Data Manager Form
④
④

①

⑧

⑥
⑦

②

⑥
⑧

⑦

②

⑨

①

③

③

⑤

⑤
① TreeDisplays folder into tree form.
② Data Manager
Displays data or folder.
③ List Table
Displays data outline.
④ Menu Bar
Makes Print, Delete, Create Folder, Move, and Rename of data
⑤ Task Bar
Indicates the name of data or folder selecting now and changes over form.
⑥ FolderThe measurement data is stored.
⑦ Query Folder
Searched result.
⑧ Data⑨ Measurement data17

9-2.Light intensity correction① Firstly, Open the folder. [Example) User Name] where the photoelectron spectrum data to becorrected is filed.

＊NOTE
The folder with ＋ in left is provided with much lower layers. When click ＋, the lower
folder can be displayed. At this time, ＋ becomes － . When click － ,lower folder can
be non-displayed.
② Click and select Light Spectrum Data File［Example）TEST］to use for correction, operate thecopy( C ) of pop up menu by right click.
③ Select Work Function Data File［Example］TEST］ and operate the Paste (P) of pop up
menu. When correction is made, name of light intensity correction coefficient on list tabledisplays the name of light intensity correction data ［Example）TEST］used for correction. .

＊NOTEWhen ceases light correction, right click the Name of light intensity correction
coefficient and operate light correction data exception.

 CAUTION
When delete Light Spectrum Data File related with Work Function Data File,database may cause trouble. In this case, there is the case to replace with back up of
database.

18

9-3.Display of Graph
Select Work Function Data File［Example］TEST］desired to analyze and making active File(F)－Open(O), open Single Graph Form.

①

①

④

①

②

③

④

⑤

②

③⑧

②
④

⑦

⑤

⑤
⑥

① Menu Bar
This makes data copying.
② Graph Box
Display the measurement data as Graph.
③ Pop up menu
To seek for the threshold of graph, this is used when draw Ground Level and Regression Line.
When there is the mouse pointer located in the Graph Box, it is displayed by right click.
④ Control List
This can input the depicted condition of Graph.
⑤ Data Table
Display the measurement data as table.
⑥ Task Bar
Indicate the coordinates of mouse pointer on Graph Box or change over the form.

199-4.Determination of Photoemission threshold energy
This determines the photoemission threshold energy of measured spectrum. This value isinterpreted as work function and ionization potential.
①Click Data tab of Control List and by making Power Number at 0.5, make Y axis for a squareroot of yield.

＊NOTE
Appropriate power number shall be different from material each. Check it with thesis etc.
Generally speaking, it is said that the power 0.5 is for the metal sample, the power0.3(1/3) is for semiconductor and the power 0.5 is mostly for organic material.

②Click Disp tab of Control List. Control the display condition of Graph suitably.
For numbers etc, input it from keyboard after click the box.
When check for check box, it becomes on and when make it off, it will be off.
For example）Minimum of X Axis [eV]：4.20, Maximum of X Axis [eV]：6.20, Scale Space of X
Axis [eV]：0.10, Minimum of Y Axis [CPS^0.5]：0.0, Maximum of Y Axis [CPS^0.5]：45.0, Scale
Space of Y Axis [CPS^0.5]：4.5, Back Color：default, Center Area Color：default, Scale of X
Axis：On, Scale of Y Axis：On, Scale Color：default, Grid：Off, Dot Style：default, Dot Size：
30, Dot Color：default, Line Display：Off, Line Style：default, Line Color：default, Selected Dot：
On, Selected Dot Style：default, Selected Dot Size：35, Selected Dot Color：default.
③By guessing the plain part of Graph, select the range by click and drug. After selection by rightside, display the pop up menu. Then, click the Ground level.
④By guessing the range of Regression Line, select by click and drug. After selection by rightside click, display the pop up menu and click Regression Line.
⑤On the Data tab of Control List, Work Function, Gradient of Regression Line (slope) aredisplayed.
⑥By Edit(E)-Copy(C),graph and data can be copied on the clipboard and it can be used in otherapplication of Windows. After click on the display desired to copy in advance, start up
Edit(E)-Copy(C).
⑦When close the form, start up File(F)－Close(X). Now, when the form is closed, this shall be
updated.

＊NOTE
Single and Multiple Graph Form cannot be displayed over 5 copies.

20１０．Comparison of Graph
By displaying upto 5 copies graphs on Multiple Graph Form concurrently, the comparison can be
made. The graph for this comparison shall be required in the same folder.

10-1. How to open Multiple Graph Form
① Open the form provided with Graph on the tree（①）of Data Manager Form, and let the desired
data displayed on Multiple Graph Form of Data Manager（②）.

①

② ②

①

② Click the icon of Work Function Data File desired to depict as Graph by holding on pressing Ctrl
key, all the those file can be selected simultaneously.
③ Open the pop up menu by right click and click [Open].
④ Multiple Graph Form shall be open.
⑤ When close form, start up File(F)－Close(X).

21

10-2.Explanation of Multiple Graph Form

① Except the Graph of data selected on Sample Name, it is depicted with the same ratio specified
in “Non-selected transmission factor” of the Disp tab.
② The selected data at Sample Name is displayed on Data Table.
③ When select a different data, click Sample Name. Then, as the button is displayed and click it toselect the data name of others to be displayed.

22

１１．Display of light intensity correction coefficient①After selecting Light Spectrum Data File［Example］TEST］desired to display, start up File(F)－Open(O) and open Display Form.
②By Edit(E)-Copy(C), paste the data on clipboard and can use the Windows through from otherapplications.
③When close the form, start up File(F)－Close(X).

23

１２．Print-out①After selecting the desired data [Example;TEST] to print out, start up File(F)－Print(P).
②As Print Setting Box is displayed, check it and click OK.
③Print Preview Form shall be displayed.

④④ After checking Graph to display, start up Print(P)－Print(G).

 CAUTION
・When print out Single Graph Form directly, there is the case that the condition changed
just before could not be reflected.
・The data is printed out by the printer designated normally with OS.
・Print condition is set up with OS.

24

１３．How to finish windows①Repeat the File(F)－Close(X) and close all the child form（Menu, Measurement, Data Manager
etc）.
②Close the main form by File(F)－Close(X).
③After changing over POWER SW on the surface panel of main unit from ON(｜side) to OFF(０side), make off the breaker at the rear side of main unit
④Close the main cock of compressed nitrogen.
⑤Close the main cock of compressed air. Or stop the operation of compressor.
⑥When water is deposited in MIST SEPARATOR, turn DRAIN COCK to the right and drain it out.
After drain out, be sure to close DRAIN COCK.
⑦Finish Windows and stop personal computer, display and printer.

25

１４.Other function
14-1.Data Manager
When start up AC-3 for Windows, this shall be displayed.

１
１

２
２

３
３

４
４

14-1-1.File(F)① Open(O)：Open the Data File.
② Create Folder(W)：New Folder is made up.
③ Save Data(A)：A part of the measurement data is saved as CSV form.
④ Data base Import：Data base is imported under the Folder.

 CAUTION

When import other thing than Data base exported from AC-3 for Windows, Data base has thepossibility to break down.

⑤ Data base Export：Export Measurement Data or Folder as Data base.
⑥ Data base Repair and Conditioning：This makes the Repair and Conditioning of Data base.
⑦ Print(P)：Print the Data File.
⑧ Delete(D)：Delete the Data File or Folder.
⑨ Rename(R)：Change Measurement Data or re-name the Folder.
⑩ Close(X)：Close the form.
14-1-2. Edit (E)① Return(U)：Put the moved away Data File or Folder where it was.
② Cut(X)：Cut out Data File or Folder.
③ Copy(C)：Copies Data File or Folder. Also designate light intensity correction coefficient data.
④ Paste(P)：Pastes cut out or copied data below the folder. Or correct Work Function data by
Light intensity correction coefficient appointed by copy.
⑤ Select All(A)：Make the data file all inside of folder or folder itself active.
26

⑥Search(S)：Search Data File. Input searching conditions and click the searching start box. Whenclick the button, the searching will start. The searching result is filed in Query and displayed in
Data Manager.

Result is displayed after searching
Query
Search conditions.
Search button
14-1-3. Display(D)① Status Bar(S)：This changes over the appear/disappear of Status Bar.
② Refresh Data(D)：Update the latest information.
14-1-4. Window(W)① Cascade Display: Displays windows on piling.

② Tile Vertical Display: Displays window with vertical line.

③ Tile Horizontal Display : Displays window with horizontal line.
④ Window：This displays the form to be opened now.

27

14-2.Display
Make Data file desired to display Data Manager at active condition and it shall be displayed or bystarting up File(F)-Open(O) by making double click for icon of Data file desired to display.

４
１ ２

３
５

６

14-2-1. File(F)① Print(P)：Can print out.

 CAUTION

When print without finishing the form after changing Graph condition, there isthe case that the change will not work. After close once, print out.

14-2-2. Edit(E)① Copy(C)：Copies graph, table and status on clipboard.
14-2-3. Display(D)① Graph(G)：Switches display On/Off of graph.

28

14-2-4.Data tabs
① Power Number：Change the power number of vertical line.
② WF Line Display：Change over appear/disappear of Regression Line.
③ GL line Display：Change over appear/disappear of grand line.
④ Display of Difference between Data and GL line：Change over the calculation method ofground level(Normally not checked).

Notchecked
checkedNot⑤ Notes

CheckedChecked: Inputs notes

14-2-5.Disp tab① X Axis：Minimum, Maximum, Scale Space.
② Y Axis：Minimum, Maximum, Scale Space.
③ Back Color： Setting the back color④ Color of indication part： Setting the color of indication part.
⑤ Scale of X Axis／Y Axis：Appear/Disappear of scale.
⑥ Scale Color： Setting the scale color⑦ Grid：Appear/Disappear of grid
⑧ Dot：Style, Size, Color.
⑨ Line：Regression Line Style, Size, Color.
⑩ Selected Dot：Appear/Disappear of Dot when select Ground level and Regression line, Style,Size and Color.
14-2-6.Pop up menu
① Data Clear
Clear up Ground Level and Regression Line.

29

② Difference between Data and Regression Line
Make the different portion between regression line and measurement data as new data file. A
sample name of different portion data will be（Original sample name）_Dif.

Difference

Before making different portion

After making different portion

14-3.Print Form
Make the data file desired to print out at active condition by Data Manager and it is displayed by
selecting the print.

１

14-3-1. Print(P)① Print Setting(S)：This can check the printing condition. Now the set printer shall start from OS.
② Print(G)：Start printing.

30

14-4.Main Form
This is displayed when close all the other forms.

14-4-1.Display (D)① Data Manager(D)：This displays Data Manager Form.
② Font：This can change the Font of display.

 CAUTION

When change Font inadvertently, there will be the possibility of making error.

14-5.Back up of Data base
It is recommended to make the back up data of ac3.mdb file regularly.
The “ac3.mdb” is the data base stored with the measurement data of AC-3. At an initial condition, it
is located in C:¥Program Files ¥AC-3.

31

ＡＣ－３

－ Consumable parts replacement method －

Index

１.
２.
３.
４.
５.
６.

General …………………………………………
Caution …………………………………………
How to replace the detector ……………………
How to replace the UV lamp ……………………
Replacement of Photomultiplier…………………
Maintenance of compressed air piping system…

１
１
２
５
７
１０

１．General
This manual describes the maintenance and replacement method of the consumable spareparts (detector, UV lamp, photomultiplier and dry air generator)
Read instruction manual for AC-3 and that of AC-3 for Windows carefully before performing
maintenance or replacement of spare parts.

２．Caution
CAUTION・ Before doing the maintenance work, turn off the freakier at the rear and wait for 1 hour atleast. Because, even turning off the power, lamp and other parts may be still hot, and it may
injure the hands.
・ Before doing the maintenance work, close the value of compressed air to the dry air
generator. And, open the drain cock to release the pressure.
・ During the maintenance work, take the necessary protection tools such as eyeglass, gloves
and long sleeve ware.
・ Do not touch the electron gate of the detector.
・ Take care the direction and polarity of lamp when installing.
・ Do not give any strong impact on the lamp. It may be damaged and burst.
・ Do not touch the lamp directly with hands. It may lose the life of the lamp.
・ Do not touch the edge of photomultiplier.

1

３．How to replace the detector
３－１．Replacement frequency
When the anode of the open counter which is the detector of AC-3 becomes dirty, it makes theserious problem on the measurement.
So, if the condition, example, the PC shows [the trouble happens on the detector], low detection
efficiency, large noise or fluctuation of the measurement value, are found, replace the detector. The
replacement frequency is depending upon the frequency of use, but the standard life time of thedetector is 1 year.
The detector exchanged can e restored by performing overhaul, so if necessary, ask Riken Keiki foroverhaul.

３－２．Appearance and caution
Lock

Electron gate
Detector

Strictly prohibited

Connectors viewto touch

CAUTION・ Before doing the maintenance work, turn off the breaker at the rear side of main unit. If not,it may receive electrical shock.
・ Use protection tools like the long sleeve cloth and gloves during maintenance work.
・ Do not touch the electron gate of the detector.

2３－３．Replacing the detector
３－３－１．Take off the existing detector.
① Prepare the cover of detector, detector bag and detector case.

Detector Cover

Detector Bag

Detector Case（Opened） Detector Case（Closed）② Open the maintenance door ２.
③ Take off the cables.
④ Release the rock.
⑤ Pull up the detector part and remove it.

Lock

The detector installed to the

All cables and locks

The

main unit.

were removed fromremoving the detector.

the detector.

3

main

unit

after

⑥ Put the detector cover to the detector removed.

The detector without the cover.

The detector with the cover.

⑦ Put the detector in to the detector bag, and keep it in the detector case.

３－３－２．Installing the new detector① Take the new detector from the detector bag and case.（Keep the detector bag and case for nextuse.）
② Remove the detector cover.
③ Install the detector.
④ Rock the detector.
⑤ Connect the cables.

4４．How to replace the UV lamp
４－１．Replacement frequency
If the lamp is out of order or unstable, replace it. The standard life time for the lamp is 1500 hours.

４－２．Appearance
Guide hole

UV window

Connector
UV lamp

CAUTION・ Before doing the maintenance work, turn off the breaker and wait for 1 hour at least.
Because, even turning off the power, lamp and other parts may be still hot, and it may injure
the hands.
・ Take care the direction and polarity of lamp when installing.
・ Do not give any high impact to the lamp. It may be damaged or burst.
・ Use protection tools like the eyeglass, long sleeve cloth and glove when replacing the lamp.
・ Do not touch the lamp by hands, it may lose the life of the lamp.
・ When turn on the lamp, install the lamp cover to the lamp house and close the lamp
maintenance door in advance.
・ When open the lamp maintenance door for the confirmation at powered condition, be sure touse protective tools such as ultraviolet rays protective mask, heavy long sleeve cloth, gloves
and so on not to get the ultraviolet rays. Also do not touch the lamp house at this point
since there is a danger to burn the hands.

5４－３．Replacing the UV lamp
① Open the maintenance door ３.
② Loosen ４ guide screws with ball-point screwdriver supplied as accessories.

Screw

Screw

Screw

Screw

Connector③ Take off the connector.
④ Remove existing UV lamp.
⑤ Prepare the new lamp.
⑥ Install the new lamp by matching up the guide pins with guide holes and tighten screws.
Guide pin

⑦ Install the connector

6５．Replacement of photomultiplier
５－１．Replacement frequency
The expecting life time for this photomultiplier is approx 5 years.

５－２．Appearance

CAUTION・ Before doing the maintenance work, turn off the breaker and wait for more than 1 hour.
・ Keep mounting direction and polarity of photomultiplier as original position.
・ Do not give any high impact to the photomultiplier. It may be bursted by breakage.
・ Use protection tools like protective mask, heavy long sleeve cloth and gloves whenhandling the photomultiplier.

7５－３．Replacing the photomultiplier① Open the maintenance door ４.
② Take off the cable and connector.

Cable

Connector③ Loosen the screw and remove the cover.

Cover
Screw

8

④ Take off the knurling screw

Knurling screw⑤ Install the new photomultiplier.
⑥ Connect cable and connector.

9６．Maintenance of compressed air piping system
6-1 Maintenance frequency
The mist separator and micro mist separator must be maintained every 2 years or if the pressure dropby 0.1 Mpa. In case of dew point checker, it must be maintained every 2 years or if the green color
turns pale, it must be replaced.
The replacement frequency of membrane air dryer is every 4 years or if it loses the capacity ofdehumidifier or the color of the dew point checker turns to yellow, replace it.

6-2 Explanation of piping system
The compressed air supplied from the rear of the unit is dried and supplied to the detector.

Pressure gauge

Dew point checker
Pressure gauge

Mist separator
Nitrogen gas
flow control knob
Drain cockPressure gauge
Membrane air dryer

Micro mist separator※For the details of maintenance work of this piping system, contract Riken Keiki CO., Ltd.

10