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#÷ øù'@A1) Hunziker, M., Colhoun, E., Puri, P. : Prevalence and predictors of renal functional abnormalities of high grade
vesicoureteral reflux. J Urol., 190, 1490-1494, 2013.
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study in Japan. J Urol., 169, 309-312, 2003.
3) Skoog, S. J., Peters, C. A., Arant, B. S. Jr., et al : Pediatric Vesicoureteral Reflux Guidelines Panel Summary
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@047,4878³´ªµ¶·¸U¹º»"¼½Lm"¾N"¿À O50Á"PubMed¸U¹º»"vesicoureteral reflux " epidemiology " prevalence " incidenceO 260 Á "¹º»vesicoureteral reflux"pregnancy"woman"
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Á#ÂÃÄÅYÆÇ!)È5!0ÉÊ#ÄÅ¸UËÄYÆÌÄÍÄ48Á=Èt68|ÎÏ ÐÌ7%&1) Khoury, A. E., Bögli, D. J. :Vesicoureteral reflux. CampbellWalsh Urology, 10th ed., Philadelphia, Saunders, vol. 4,
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1) Peters, C. A., Skoog, S. J., Arant, B. S., Jr., et al : Summary of the AUA Guideline on Management of Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children. J. Urol., 184,
1134, 2010.
2) Tekgul, S., Riedmiller, H., Hoebeke, P., et al : EA
U guidelines on vesicoureteral reflux in children. Eur.
Urol., 62, 534, 2012.
3) Sjostrom, S., Bachelard, M., Sixt, R., et al : Change ofurodynamic patterns in infants with dilating vesicoureteral reflux : 3-year followup. J. Urol., 182, 2446,
2009.
4) Sillen, U., Brandstrom, P., Jodal, U., et al : The Swedish
reflux trial in children : v. Bladder dysfunction. J.
Urol., 184, 298, 2010.
5) Sjostrom, S., Sillen, U., Bachelard, M., et al : Spontaneous resolution of high grade infantile vesicoureteral
reflux. J. Urol., 172, 694, 2004.
6) Sjostrom, S., Sillen, U., Jodal, U., et al : Predictive factors for resolution of congenital high grade vesicoureteral reflux in infants : results of univariate andmultivariate analyses. J. Urol., 183, 1177, 2010.
7) Taylor, C. M., Corkery, J. J., White, R. H. : Micturition
symptoms and unstable bladder activity in girls withprimary vesicoureteric reflux. Bri. J. Urol., 54, 494,
1982.
8) Koff, S. A., Murtagh, D. S. : The uninhibited bladder inchildren : effect of treatment on recurrence of urinary
infection and on vesicoureteral reflux resolution. J. Urol., 130, 1138, 1983.
9) Koff, S. A., Wagner, T. T., Jayanthi, V. R. : The relationship among dysfunctional elimination syndromes,
primary vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infections in children. The Journal of urology, 160 : 1019,
1998.
10) Upadhyay, J., Bolduc, S., Bagli, D. J., et al : Use of thedysfunctional voiding symptom score to predict resolution of vesicoureteral reflux in children with voiding
dysfunction. J. Urol., 169 : 1842, 2003.
11) abcd#e^fg#Chij : klmnDVSS)Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score"
Yopqr : stuvwAxyXzm{|v}*~AklG{ 105 : 112, 2014.
12) Glassberg, K. I., Combs, A. J., Horowitz, M. : Nonneurogenic voiding disorders in children and adolescents :clinical and videourodynamic findings in 4 specific conditions. J. Urol., 184, 2123, 2010.
13) Hoebeke, P., Van Laecke, E., Van Camp, C., et al : One

thousand video-urodynamic studies in children with
non-neurogenic bladder sphincter dysfunction. BJUInt., 87 : 575, 2001.
14) Avlan, D., Gundogdu, G., Taskinlar, H., et al : Relationships among vesicoureteric reflux, urinary tract infection and renal injury in children with non-neurogenic
lower urinary tract dysfunction. J. Ped. Urol., 7, 612,
2011.
15) Kuo, H. C., Liu, H. T. : Investigation of dysfunctional voiding in children with urgency frequency syndrome and urinary incontinence. Urol. Int.,76, 72, 2006.
16) Ural, Z., Ulman, I., Avanoglu, A. : Bladder dynamics and vesicoureteral reflux : factors associated with idiopathic lower urinary tract dysfunction in children. J. Urol., 179, 1564, 2008.
17) Elder, J. S., Peters, C. A., Arant, B. S., Jr., et al : Pediatric Vesicoureteral Reflux Guidelines Panel summary report on the management of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children. J. Urol., 157, 1846, 1997.
18) Yeung, C. K., Sreedhar, B., Sihoe, J. D., et al : Renal andbladder functional status at diagnosis as predictive factors for the outcome of primary vesicoureteral
reflux in children. J. Urol., 176, 1152, 2006.
19) Fast, A. M., Nees, S. N., Van Batavia, J. P., et al. : Outcomes of targeted treatment for vesicoureteral reflux
in children with nonneurogenic lower urinary tract
dysfunction. J Urol., 190, 1028, 2013.
20) Kibar, Y., Ors, O., Demir, E., et al : Results of biofeedback treatment on reflux resolution rates in children
with dysfunctional voiding and vesicoureteral reflux.
Urology, 70, 563, 2007.
21) Willemsen, J., Nijman, R. J. : Vesicoureteral reflux andvideourodynamic studies : results of a prospective study. Urology, 55, 939, 2000.
22) Soygur, T., Arikan, N., Yesilli, C., et al : Relationshipamong pediatric voiding dysfunction and vesicoureteral reflux and renal scars. Urology, 54, 905,
1999.
23) Naseer, S. R., Steinhardt, G. F. : New renal scars inchildren with urinary tract infections, vesicoureteral
reflux and voiding dysfunction : a prospective evaluation. J Urol., 158, 566, 1997.

61
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1) Koff, S. A., Wagner, T.T., Jayanthi, V.R. : The relationship among dysfunctional elimination syndromes, primary vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infections in children. J. Urol.. ; 160 (3 Pt 2) : 1019-22, 1998.
2) Snodgrass, W. : The impact of treated dysfunctional
voiding on the nonsurgical management of vesicoureteral reflux. J. Urol.. ; 160 (5) : 1823-5, 1998.
3) Peters, C. A., Skoog, S.J., Arant, B. S., Jr., et al. : Summary of the AUA Guideline on Management of Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children. J. Urol.. ;184 (3) : 1134-44, 2010.
4) Neveus, T., von, Gontard, A., Hoebeke, P., et al. :The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents : re-#$<=>?@ABVURC
56DEF 2016GHI4J

port from the Standardisation Committee of the International Children’s Continence Society. J. Urol.. ;176 (1) : 314-24, 2006.
5) Lackgren, G., Skoldenberg, E., Stenberg, A. : Endoscopic treatment with stabilized nonanimalhyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel is effective in vesicoureteral reflux associated with bladder dysfunction.
J. Urol.. ; 177 (3) : 1124-8 ; discussion 8-9, 2007.
6) !"#$%&'()*+,-. #$./01/234
56789:8;, 2013.
7) Alexander, S. E., Arlen, A. M., Storm, D. W., et al :Bladder Volume at Onset of Vesicoureteral Reflux isan Independent Risk Factor for Breakthrough Febrile
Urinary Tract Infection. J. Urol.. 2014.
8) Hunziker, M., Mohanan, N., D’Asta, F., Puri, P. : Incidence of febrile urinary tract infections in children after successful endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral
reflux : a long-term follow-up. J pediatrics. ; 160(6) :1015-20, 2012.
9) Elder, J.S., Diaz, M. : Vesicoureteral reflux--the role ofbladder and bowel dysfunction. Nature reviews Urology. ; 10 (11) : 640-8, 2013.
10) Elder, J.S., Diaz M., Caldamone, A. A., et al. : Endoscopic therapy for vesicoureteral reflux : a metaanalysis. I. Reflux resolution and urinary tract infection. J. Urol.. ; 175 (2) : 716-22, 2006.
11) Dwyer, M. E., Husmann, D. A., Rathbun, S. R., et al :Febrile urinary tract infections after ureteroneocystostomy and subureteral injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid for vesicoureteral reflux--do choice ofprocedure and success matter? J. Urol. ; 189 (1) : 27582, 2013.

63138

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"1) Hofmann, V. : Ultrasonic diagnosis of vesico-ureteral
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34) Beetz, R., Mannhardt, W., Fisch, M., et al : Long-term
follow-up of 158 young adults surgically treated forvesicoureteral reflux in childhood : the ongoing risk ofurinary tract infections. J. Urol., 168, 704-707, 2002.
35) Nelson, C. P., Hubert, K. C., Kokorowski, P. J., et al :Long-term incidence of urinary tract infection after ureteral reimplantation for primary vesicoureteral
reflux. J. Pediatr. Urol., 9, 92-98, 2013.
36) Dogan, H. S., Bozaci, A. C., Ozdemir, B., et al : Ureteroneocystostomy in primary vesicoureteral reflux : critical retrospective analysis of factors affecting the postoperative urinary tract infection rates. BJU Int., 40,
539-545, 2014.

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1) O’Donnell, B., Puri, P. : Treatment of vesicouretericreflux by endoscopic injection of Teflon. BMJ., 289, 7-9.
1984.
2) Kirsch, A. J., Perez-Brayfield, M., Smith, E. A., et al :The modified sting procedure to correct vesicoureteral reflux : improved results with submucosal
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7) ½¾¿À0¹º»¼0ÁÂÃ+Ä6$!"'()#st&E@M3@MÅÆEÇÈ. \ÉÊËÌ'ÍÎÏ
ÐÑÒ. 18, 28-31, 2009.
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correction of vesicoureteral reflux using the LichGregoir technique : initial experience and technical aspects. Int J Urol., 10 (2), 90-93, 2003.

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*èUéê;<!CD1995ë*208æreflux nephropathyçUì`í`Ø
8#QPubMed\Aî;<@1623*E$e=.ïo<@19U|#!D;m81995OG**lmªe=.ïo<@13U|#$?<82UÎ#Qxð34Ué«8#!Dñò óh)*1) Bailey, R. R. : The relationship of vesico-ureteric reflux to urinary tract infection and chronic
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