Opportunity and Challenge of SMR
Implementation in Indonesia:
Techno-economic and Social Aspect
Tulis Jojok Suryono, PhD

FNCA SP 2023
Tokyo, June 20, 2023

OUTLINE• ENERGY TRANSITION ROADMAP• SMR DEPLOYMENT ROADMAP• OPPORTUNITIES• CHALLENGES• CONCLUSIONENERGY TRANSITIONS ROADMAP TOWARDS NET ZERO EMISSION
1)
2)

The timeline for strategic achievement towards net zero emission on energy sector
The roadmap is a joint commitment between the Government and stakeholders to achieve NZE by 2060

2021 –2025

2026–2030

2025: Emission
2030: Emission
reduction 198
reduction 314
Million ton CO2
Million ton CO2
Supply:Supply:NRE PPNRE PP
Development indevelopment forcapacity of 10,6 GW. 10,3 GW toDiesel PP conversion replace CFPP.
to NRE PP.

2031
–
2035

2036
–
2040

2040: Emission
reduction 796
Million ton CO2
Supply:Retirement ofRetirement of
CFPP 3 GW*)
CFPP 6 GW*).
No more Diesel PP. Hydrogenutilization 332
Hydrogen
MWutilization 328
COD of Nuclear
MW.

2035: Emission
reduction 475
Million ton CO2
Supply:

2041
–
2050

2051
–2060

2050: Emission
reduction 956Million ton CO2
Supply:Retirement ofCFPP 31 GW*)
Nuclear 5 GW
Hydrogenutilization 9 GW

2060: Emission
reduction1.526
Million ton CO2
Supply:Nuclear 30 GW
Hydrogenutilization 52 GW

Nuclear Energy Solve ENERGY SECURITY (SDG#7) and CLIMATE CHANGE (SDG#13) Problems.
*) CFPP age of PLN & PPU maximum 30 years dan IPP 25-30 years (based on PPA)3

SMR DEPLOYMENT ROADMAP
Source: IAEA Presentation by S.Monti for the Tech. Roadmaps for SMR DeploymentsNPP
Vendor’s withready-tocommercialize
design.
OrDirectCommercialization
PathVendor’s withdevelopment
progress in design.
Or
Willing to go via‘demo plant’
milestone inIndonesia.

BRIN’s Role:
Technology Co-developer, andLicense Holder

BRIN’s Role:

Technical Supporting Organization

Main Task
Develop key and enabling technologies
of nuclear reactor
for energy and non-energy applications.

Re s e a rc h C e nte r fo r
N u c l e a r Re a c to r Te c h n o l o g yGeneral Activity Scope

Target Applications

Detail Technology Development Aspects

OPPORTUNITIES• Techno-economics• New trend of Small Modular Reactor is appropriate with distributed demand ofIndonesian• Shorter construction time, lower maintenance costs, and utilization other than
traditional NPP  economic competitiveness• Technology• Safety, security and safeguard• The typical power of SMR units perfectly fits the existing grids and infrastructure, making
them a viable option for replacement of traditional fossil fueled energy sources• Economic (implementation)• Electricity  some areas need SMR (remote area, several islands)• Non electric• Hydrogen production  companies (oil companies)• Desalination

SMR UTILIZATION IN INDONESIASource: https://www.iaea.org/topics/non-electric-applications• NPP is a reliable and low-carbon energy provider.
Nuclear power contributes about 6% of all worldenergy needs, and 13-14% of the world's electricity
needs.
• Nuclear energy has the potential to improve thesecurity of energy and clean water supplies aroundthe world through non-electrical applications, suchas seawater desalination, hydrogen production,
thermal energy provision, and various industrialapplications.
• Apart from being used for desalination and hydrogenproduction, the heat generated by an NPP can beused for other purposes, such as cooling, heating andprocess heat.
• Nuclear energy has long been used as an energy
source in submarines and icebreakers.
• Small Modular Reactor technology makes NPP moreflexible in its utilization.
7

OPPORTUNITIES• Social aspects• Energy accessibility• Remote areas that are not connected to main power grid

• Flexible siting• Land-based SMR• Floating NPP

Potential Sites:

INFORMASISELECTED SITE
SELECTED AND EVALUATED SITE
POTENTIAL SITE

Challenges• Techno-economics• The problem of technology choice• Infrastructure for deployment• Licensing• Demonstration of new technology  demo plant

Challenges• Social aspects• Regulations frameworks  not ready• Policy  NPP is the last option (Gov. Reg. 79/14)• Politics  not in my election territory• Public perception and acceptance• not enough public consensus on nuclear energy

Conclusions• SMR is potentially to be deployed in Indonesia for electricity and nonelectricity production such as desalination, hydrogen production
especially in remote area
• Need to choose the suitable SMR technology with affordable cost
• Need the commitment and consensus from government to built SMR

Thank you
ありがとうございます13