ゼンリン住宅地図から見る川越伝統的建造物群保存地区の建物用途の変化

Changes of Building Uses in Kawagoe Historic District based on the Zenrin Residential Maps

李雪瑩
LI Xueying
1. Introduction( 1 ). Background
Since the 1960s, a series of systems and policies for theprotection of historical buildings and cultural heritage
have emerged in Japan, such as the Ancient Capitals
Preservation Law, the Law on the Maintenance andImprovement of Historic Landscape in a Community, andthe system of the important preservation district ofhistoric buildings.
The Kawagoe Historic District is one of the importantpreservation districts of historic buildings which wasselected in 1999. In the historic district, there are about
three hundred buildings, including more than one hundred
traditional buildings. These buildings include both uniquewarehouse-style buildings and Western-style buildings
built since the modern era. The historical development
process of Kawagoe can be seen in these buildings, which
can also reflect the openness and tolerance of Kawagoe
citizens and the spirit of keeping up with the times.
Since the 1970s, many local people have been engaged
in historic district preservation activities to preserve
Kawagoe's unique architecture and landscape. As a resultof these activities, some regulations and plans related topreserving historic districts have been developed. Theseordinances and plans have promoted the historic district's
development and brought some changes to the district,including changes in the use of buildings.
( 2 ). Research Objective
The purpose of this thesis is to summarise the processof change in the Kawagoe Historic District based on datafrom residential maps and statistics on building uses
within the historic district in each era.
The Kawagoe Historic District experienced a period ofdepression after the 1950s, and the development oftourism has since revitalised it. By investigating the学位論文梗概集 2020changes of historic districts, we can understand theinfluence of various preservation activities of historic
districts, which can provide a reference for making
appropriate policies when promoting the revitalisation ofthe district.
( 3 ). Research Methodology
The research methods of this paper are the literature
survey, field survey, and data analysis.
First, learning about policies related to historic districts
and the history of Kawagoe by literature survey. Second,
conducting a field survey on the current status ofKawagoe's historic district. After that, statistics onchanges in building use in the Kawagoe Historic District
through the Zenrin residential maps. The residential map
data shows the name of the building owner and the nameof the store. However, sometimes it was not very clear to
distinguish the specific use. Therefore, it was necessary to
use the residential map and the Google Earth and Google
Maps time slider feature. Finally, Using ArcGIS toorganize and analyze the changes in Kawagoe's historic
district based on data from the Zenrin residential maps
and Google Maps.
2. Kawagoe Historic District( 1 ). Introduction of Kawagoe Historic District
The Kawagoe Historic District is located in the Kanto
region of Japan, in Kawagoe City, Saitama Prefecture,
30km from Tokyo. The historic district covers an area of
7.8 hectares from the Fudanotsuji intersection to theNakacho intersection. Taking the Chuodori(中央通りCentral Street）as the core, the length from south to northis about 430 meters and the width is about 200 meter.
The area of the Kawagoe Historic District includes thewhole district of Saiwaicho, and parts of 1 ChomeMotomachi, 2 Chome Motomachi, and Nakacho.

( 2 ). Protection Planning and Policy of HistoricDistrict in Kawagoe
The preservation of the Kawagoe Historic District canbe seen as a microcosm of the process of preserving
historic buildings in Japan. Since the 1970s, the citizen's
movement at that time gave birth to several associations
and organizations related to the preservation of historicbuildings, and also brought attention to the preservationof historic districts. Subsequently, the Kawagoe CityFigure 1. The Location of Kawagoe Historic District

government and the local committee developed a series ofThe history of the Kawagoe Town can be traced back topolicies and plans related to the preservation of thethe 15th century. In 1457, Oota Doshin and his son Oota

historic district. Such as the Kawagoe City Urban

Dokan (太田道真、道灌) built the Kawagoe Castle (河越Landscape Ordinance, the Kawagoe City Traditional城) at the eastern end of Musashino Plateau (武蔵野台

Building Preservation District Preservation Ordinance,地), which established the original form of Kawagoe.

and so on.

Kawagoe once had a big fire in 1893. When it was rebuilt,( 3 ). Population and Industry in Kawagoe Historic

local merchants built many warehouse-style buildings(蔵District造り) to prevent fire.

By 1907, the streets in theAccording to the Plan of Kawagoe Traditional Buildings

warehouse-style buildings were formed in Kawagoe.

Preservation Area, the area of the Kawagoe Historic

Since the Taisho era (1912-1926), many modern

District includes the whole district of Saiwaicho, andWestern-stylewithparts of 1 Chome Motomachi, 2 Chome Motomachi, andWestern-style facades have also been built. The buildings

Nakacho. Considering that the development of historicof different times coexisted harmoniously, forming adistricts will also have an impact on the surrounding area,

unique style in Kawagoe.

I searched the national survey data of the four blocks andThe district was selected as the Important Preservation

counted the changes in population and industry in these

Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings in 1999. Therefour blocks.

are 131 traditional constructions in the preservation area,( i ). Population

including 114 architectures and 17 infrastructures.

According to the homepage of Kawagoe city, up toNowadays, Kawagoe is also known as Koedo and attracts

December this year, the total population of Kawagoe Citya large number of tourists to visit every year.

was 353,199. In 1955, the population of Kawagoe wasbuildings

andtownhousesaround one million. The population of Kawagoe grewsignificantly from the 1960s and leveled off from the1980s. After 1995, the population growth rate ofKawagoe City began to decline due to the decrease inbirth rate and the decrease in population mobility.

Figure 3. Population changes in Kawagoe City
Figure 2. Traditional Buildings and Kura-zukuri Buildings in

The population distribution map of Kawagoe City inKawagoe Historic District2015 shows that the population of Kawagoe City is
Summaries of Academic Theses 2020

mainly distributed around Kawagoe Station in the central

accommodation, education, and medical care, replacedpart of the city and along the railway line in the northeast.
( Figure 4)

retail trade as the industry with the largest number ofemployees. Employment in the retail sector has gradually

The historic district is located in the central part ofdeclined over 20 years. At the same time, the number of

Kawagoe City, near the areas of high population

people working in the service industry as a whole is onconcentration. According to the data from the national

the rise, and the variety has also increased. It can be seen

survey, from 1995 to 2015, the total population of the fourthat from 1995 to 2015, the tertiary industry has been theblocks in which the historic districts are located showed amain occupation for residents.

decreasing trend. Among the four blocks the populationsof Saiwaicho, 1 Chome Motomachi and 2 ChomeMotomachi all showed a decreasing trend, while thepopulation of Nakacho gradually increased after 2000 andthen decreases slightly after 2010. (Figure 5)
Figure 6. Changes in Population Occupations of the HistoricDistrict and surrounding areas

In terms of the number of workers by industry, theprimary and secondary industries have been on adownward trend. The number of workers in the tertiaryindustry has been on an increasing trend from 1990 to2005.
The number of people employed in various industries inFigure 4. The population distribution map of Kawagoe City in 2015

the historic district and surrounding areas has been

(500m mesh)changing but has not changed significantly overall. The
industrial structure of these four blocks has always been
dominated by the tertiary industry. 2 Chome Motomachi
has a larger proportion of secondary industries and asmaller proportion of tertiary industries compared to otherareas. Between 2010 and 2015, the proportion ofemployment in the tertiary industry in the 1 Chome
Motomachi and Nakacho areas had decreased

Figure 5. Population of the Historic District and surrounding areasfrom 1995 to 2005

( ii ). Industry
Kawagoe historical district is located in the central partof Kawagoe City, with convenient transportation and avariety of occupations for residents. According to the datafrom the national survey, the number of employees in thefour blocks has been declining from 1995 to 2015. But on
the other hand, the occupation types of residents havebecome more and more diverse.
From 1995 to 2000, retail was the most popular
occupation for residents. In 2005, the service industry,
whichconsists

学位論文梗概集 2020ofvariousindustries

suchas町通り). Restaurants and shops are mostly located oneither side of these three roads, and warehouse-stylebuildings are mainly located near these roads.
Kawagoe historic district has been a commercial district
since ancient times. In recent years, tourism in Kawagoe
has been developed along with various conservation
efforts.
( 2 ). Changes in the Building Usages
Since the 1970s, with various preservation policies andvarious landscape restoration work sites, significant
changes have occurred in Kawagoe historical districts.
The district's history shows that after the 1970s, thehistoric district underwent a transformation from acommercial district mainly for nearby residents to aFigure 7. Changes in the percentage of workers by industry

tourist-oriented district, and such transformation is also
reflected in the changes in the architecture within the

3. Changes of Kawagoe Historic District

historic district.

( 1 ). The Current Situation of Kawagoe Historical
District
As of 2020, there are approximately 287 buildings in thehistoric district. Among the buildings whose uses can bedetermined, there are 56 restaurants, 55 stores, 107
residences, ten buildings used for the service industry, 11buildings related to religion, 20 buildings used for tourism,
and nine buildings used for other purposes.

Figure 8. Building Uses in the Historic District (2020)

There are many different buildings in the historic district,except for the warehouse-style, which is typical ofKawagoe. There are also Japanese style buildings,western-style buildings, and Shin-kabe buildings.
There are three main roads in the historic district,
namely Kawagoe Ichiban-Gai Street( 川 越 一 番 街 ),Kanetsuki Street(かねつき通り), and Nakacho Street(仲Summaries of Academic Theses 2020and the comments on the web. Since only data after 2012
can be seen in Google Street View's time slider function,
data from 2000 and 1980 are judged based on residential
maps and comments on the web. The shops andrestaurants were divided into three categories: mainly fortourists, mainly for residents, and for both.

Figure 9. Changes in Building Use from 1975 to 2020

The number of stores in historic districts declined from1975 to 2020. However, most of the shops catering toresidents have been replaced by souvenir shops andspeciality shops catering to tourists, especially those in
Ichiban-Gai Street and Kanetsuki Street. At the same time,

Figure 10. Changes in Main Service Targets of Stores andmany traditional handicraft stores in the neighbourhood

Restaurants

have been preserved to this day.

It can be seen from the figures that in the Kawagoe

The number of restaurants is on the rise. The newly

historic, tourist-oriented stores are concentrated in theadded restaurants are mostly clustered around Ichiban-Gai

vicinity of major roads and tourist attractions, especially

Street. After the landscaping work, the number of storeson the Ichiban-Gai Street and Kanetsuki Street. Fromin Kanetsuki Street's vicinity has also increased

1980 to 2020, among the stores where the main target

significantly. Some of the old stores with a long history

group can be inferred, there has been a significant

have remained open until today, and the main source of

decrease in the number of stores catering mainly tocustomers for the restaurants has changed from locals toresidents and a large increase in stores catering to tourists.

tourists.
The service industry in the historic district is mainly
hairdressers and caters to the neighbourhood. Since 1975,
the number of buildings used for services in the historic
district has gradually decreased.
The buildings classified as "other" are mainly those used
for offices and clinics. The number of buildings being
used for offices decreased significantly, while the numberof clinics remained virtually unchanged. With tourism
development, many residences in the historic district havebeen transformed into buildings that serve as both storesand residences.
The change in the use of buildings in the Kawagoe
Historic District from 1975 to 2020 shows that tourism inKawagoe has developed considerably in the last fiftyyears. To get a clearer picture of the changes in tourism, I
counted the main customers for shops and restaurants inhistoric districts in 1980, 2000, and 2020. The statisticalmethod is to use Google Street View and Residential
Maps to infer the main customers served by the store
based on the appearance of the store, the products sold
学位論文梗概集 2020

Figure 11. Changes in Building Use

target groups of stores in historic districts, sometimes it isdifficult to determine the main customer groups of stores
only through the appearance of buildings and theinformation of residential maps. At such times, it isnecessary to go back and search for additional
information on the Internet. When there is no informationor less information available online, it is impossible todetermine the use of the building, thus affecting theaccuracy of the data. However, this information can bequickly obtained by asking the store owner during thefield survey. No matter how science and technology
develop, on-the-spot investigation and face-to-faceFigure 12. Changes in Building Use (%)

communication are irreplaceable.

5.Conclusion and Recommendation

References

The change in building use shows that from 1975 to1） 清野隆.「川越一番街における歴史的環境の変容に関する研究

2020, tourism in the Kawagoe Historic District has been

歴史的建造物の保全にみる敷地用途と街並みの変化に着目しgrowing with the implementation of various historic
district preservation efforts. The historic district is
becoming more and more developed in terms of tourism
and connected to the outside world. Historic districtて」. 都市計画論文集. 2009, 44(3), p. 385-390
2） 羽田司・松井圭介・市川康夫. 「白川郷における農村像と住民の生活様式」. 人文地理学研究. 2016, 36, p. 29–42
3） 鎌倉市都市景観部都市景観課, 古都保存法とは, 鎌倉市,preservation efforts promote tourism and bring vitality to2020-5-28,

the old district.

https://www.city.kamakura.kanagawa.jp/fuuchi/kotohozonh

The residential map data shows the location of buildings,ou.html (参照 2020-12-10)

and the name of the building owners and the stores.

4） 文化庁, 文化財保護に関する税制優遇措置について, 文化庁,

Google Maps' Street View and time slider can distinguishhttps://www.bunka.go.jp/seisaku/bunkashingikai/bunkazai/

the use and appearance of buildings in the same area atkikaku/h18/04/shiryo_7.html (参照 2020-12-10)

different times. Combined the residential map with5） 川越市総務部情報統計課. 川越市 人口と世帯数. 川越市.

Google Maps can analyze the process of change of an

2020-12-1.www.city.kawagoe.saitama.jp/shisei/toukeidata/jiarea in many aspects such as architecture and landscape.

nkotokei/jinko_setai.html (参照 2021-1-31)

Also, it can be used to analyze the change process ofindividual buildings.
The transformation of historic districts is influenced bymany factors and can be manifested in many differentways. The change of architectural use is not enough toreflect the complete process of change in the historicdistrict. Using residential maps and Google Maps, further
research can be conducted on the changes in the historic
district, such as changes in historic buildings, changes inroad structures, changes in the distribution of buildings,
and so on. With these further studies, it is possible to havea more comprehensive understanding of the process ofchange in the historic district.
But at the same time, this survey method also has someshortcomings. For example, when investigating the main
Summaries of Academic Theses 2020