The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Current river restoration in
T i
Taiwanon some urbanbcases
Shaohua Marko Hsu
Feng Chia Univ., TAIWAN
Nov. 11th, 2011

Outline
O tline 1. Background 2. Concrete channels
3 Fazih river
 3.
 4. Research 5. Action
 6.
6 TRRN

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Part 1
 Background of Taichung area

Location of Taichung City

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Plate movement creates high mountains

Rivers in Taiwan with steep slope
T hi river
Tachiai

Cho River

Elevattion (m)Tamsui river
Rhine river
ShinanogawagColorado RiverT
Tonegawa
Mekong River
Estuary
Distance (km)From 3500m high mountain to sea level within 200 km
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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Topographyof
Taichungb ibasin

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Topography of Taichung basin
 Similar to a fan shape, created by several
all ial fansalluvialfans.
 Urban area located on the north part of the
fan shape.
 Orientation of natural drainage in theurban area: from north north east to south
south west.

台中港

Taichung Harbor

大肚台地

台中市

Urban area

八卦台地

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Geology : thick gravel layer under top soil,
many faults,
f lt earthquake…
thkOrientationofnaturalstreams

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Part 2
 Concrete channelschannels- green stream, willow
stream,t
andd plumlstreamt

 Urban planning in old Taichung city started in early 1900 for
0 2 million population
0.2
population, but now more than 1 million
million.

 For roadd construction
t ti or landl d development,dlt many naturalt lstreams were straightened, became narrowed, or coveredby parking lots, or even disappeared and replaced by culverts.

 For example, in 1991, a natural stream was diverted to join aparallel stream. As a result, the downstream of the original
stream became a dried-up ditch for several kilometers.
陳國川(2008), 臺中市志—地理志, 臺中市政府。
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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Rivers in Taichung city

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Urbanization makes rivers become ditches

梅川 Plum stream

柳川 Willow stream
Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

麻園頭溪 Mayuantou stream

綠川 Green stream
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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

 Although many people (NGOs) want their rivers
back (river restoration), but there is not much canbe done due to many constrains.
 Some politicians did something on water-front
landscape improvement
improvement, but still far away from theconcept of “near nature”.
 For example, effects of natural infiltration, water
purification by gravel-bed contact or vegetation uptake, and aeration by natural drop are totally ignored.

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

very artificial !
butSomebody likes itCityy mayoryvowed to restore
the Plum stream

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Restoration of willow stream for combine sewer- still far away from natural

Considering
flood ?
www.wretch.cc/blog/hexentw/

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Part 3
 Fazih River – an urban stream in
T i hTaichungandd stilltill hhas lilimited
it d ecoecofunction

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

筏子溪 Fazih river

中科園區
台中工業區

HSR
City center大里溪Fazih riverg : 21.3 km
LengthDrainage area: 132.6 km2
Bed slope : 1/160
27

Fazih river used to have many water

Photo source：烏日文史彙編，烏日文史協會

 Fazih
Fazih「筏仔」「筏仔」 is the vessel of transportation toacross the river
river.
 Base flow of the river was ample due to highgroundwater level.
Photo source：web site of city government、萬和宮全球資訊網
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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Newly built high-speed rail is along the river

高鐵

水堀頭四號橋（新永安橋）西屯路
水堀頭五號橋（新永安橋）

Fazih River

Graduallyy urbanized & channelized
EE
NN

SS
WW

Fazih River

中彰快速
中山高
高鐵
中港港路

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

View from the high-speed rail on the downstream Fazih

View from the high-speed rail on the downstream Fazih

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

View from the high-speed rail on the downstream Fazih

Downstream of Fazih river

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Still, people are watching birds !
The eco-system still exists, although degrading.

Bird watch

2006.03.12 筏子溪之春—生態關懷之旅由台中市自然關懷協會舉辦。
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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

夜鷺

留鳥／普遍 體長５８公分 全年可見

夜鷺Night Heron
從清晨至入夜均可觀察到夜鷺在溪中覓食(魚蝦、水生昆蟲、蛙和蝌蚪)。
鐘坤井 攝

白頭翁

留鳥／普遍 體長１８公分 全年可見

白頭翁Chinese bulbul

鐘坤井 攝

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

綠繡眼

留鳥／普遍 體長１１公分 全年可見鐘坤井 攝綠繡眼White-eye

魚狗（翠鳥）

留鳥／少 體長１６公分 全年可見魚狗 Kingfisher

鐘坤井 攝

They
h build
l nests on soill bank,k whenh
it was replacedlby concrete bank Kingfisher will disappear.

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

鴛鴦（♂）
鐘坤井 攝

留鳥或冬候鳥／稀有
體長４３公分鴛鴦Mandarin duck （♂）

紅冠水雞

留鳥／普遍 體長３２公分 全年可見
鐘坤井 攝

紅冠水雞M
紅冠水雞MoorhenhAsian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

濱鵴

小白鷺Egret

蒼鷺Heron磯鵴

赤頸鴨Sarus duck

Restoration by enlarging the width at 車路巷
bridgeupstreamt

Before 2008

downstream

Before 2008
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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Restoration by enlarging the width at 車路
巷bridge (continued)
upstream

March 2011
March,

downstream

March, 2011

Levee rere-construction with porous material
and mild side slope at 東海 bridge
Dec 2003
Dec.,

June, 2010

王永珍攝Oct., 2011
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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Levee rere-construction for both safe and green
at 筏子溪 bridge
蛇籠舖設

Before 2003

Dec.,, 2003

王永珍攝仿木景觀階梯B f
Before2003

After 2003

Levee rere-construction with willow technics
at the u/s of 建國北路 bridge

柳枝工法

Feb., 2011

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Local scour at bridge
g crossing
g and levee base
March, 2011

Feb., 2011

 Work done on Fazih river was much better thanprevious
mentioned urban streams, but it is not enough toguaranty the eco
eco-systemsystem can be preserved.
 Different agencies in government have different
perspective on Fazih river, and usuallycontradictory
to each other.
 For example, flood control works usually damage

eco-habitat.
 The conflicts between environmentalist andgovernment become intense.
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Many weirs and water-intakes(f iirrigation(fori i purposes)) blblockkthe corridor for fish and otherspecies.
species

CrisisCrisis－－too much human interfere

This is for flood protection
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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

CrisisCrisis－－too much human interfere

Soil bank became a concrete one
53

Part 4
 Research on Fazih River by our group

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Research done by Marko’s groupfor Fazih River
Measurement of gravel movement as bedload (2007~2009)
Habitat and ecological investigation (2008-2011~)
Physical modeling on alternating bars and field observation (2010-2011~)
Investigation on pollutant sources and water quality measurement(2008(2008-

2009)

Groundwater recharge and base flow estimate(2010-2011)(2010 2011)
Low Impact Develop for restoring surface runoff in watershed (2011~)

Measurement of gravel movement (2007~2009)劉建榮 , 許少華, 蘇宏仁(2010),臺灣水利, 58:2, 7180.
Aug., 2008

Sept., 2008

劉建榮 , 許少華 , 蘇宏仁(2011), 中華水土保持學報42:2, 160-173.
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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Habitat and ecological investigation(2008(2008--2011~)

劉建榮, 許少華, 潘俊弘(2011), 中華水土保持學報,42:1, 48-58.

Habitat and ecological investigation(2008(2008--2011~)

劉建榮, 許少華, 潘俊弘(2011), 中華水土保持學報,42:1, 48-58.
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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Habitat and ecological investigation(2008(2008--2011~)
東亞家蝠為優勢物種，田鼷
鼠分布最廣
記錄物種

研
究
單
位

Year

水
規
所

2000
～
2005

三
河
局

水
規
所

Project
Fish

蝦
蟹
類

棲地復育保育與生態水利工程規劃設計之
試驗研究

16科
33種

6
科
9
種

2005

烏溪水系河川環境營造計畫

3科
3種
37尾

1
種

-

2006

烏溪河系河川
情勢調查報告
(2/2)

9科
16種

2
科
2
種

6
科
7
種

Title

螺
貝
類

-

蓬萊草蜥與
雨傘節為保
育類物種

底
棲
生
物

Plant

Bird

哺
乳
類

兩
棲
類

爬
蟲
類

on land
l d

8目29科

-

38科78
種

26科
65種

4
科
4
種

3
科
5
種

-

-

6目12科

5
科
5
種

54科126
屬160種

6目16
科23
種

2
種

5
種

7科22種

-

14科32
屬34種

26科
53種

2
科
5
種

8
科
11
種

水棲昆蟲
及環節動
物

6目12科

外來物種數
量上有增加
之趨勢

優勢物種
為麻雀及
白頭翁

3
科
9
種

Insect蝶類6科23種
蜻蛉目3科5
種

虎皮蛙及貢
德氏赤蛙為
保育類物種

Habitat and ecological investigation(2008(2008--2011~)
蜉蝣 Mayfly
M fl (one specie of macro-invertebrate)

蜉蝣(成蟲)

蜉蝣(稚蟲)

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Habitat and ecological investigation(2008(2008--2011~)
2011.5.27-28 集泉橋上游

8

7
3

4
2

60

1.8

55

16
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4

Biota diversity
Species for family level
Abundance

50

5000
4500
4000

45
3500

40
35

3000

30

2500

25

2000

20

1500

15
1000

10

02
0.2

5

0

0

Abundannce (ind/m2 )52

Number of family level (SS)

6Shanno-wie
ener index (H'')

1

500
0
0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

1.25

1.5

1.75

2

2.25

Accumulated sample area (m2)Modeling on alternating bars and field observation (2010-2011~)
無人載具攝影技術應用

Sept., 2011
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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Modeling on alternating bars and field observation (2010-2011~)
Sept., 2011

筏子溪橋下游左岸提防

Modeling on alternating bars and field observation (2010-2011~)

深潭
淺瀨

緩流

深流
深潭

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渠槽試驗

2006

Investigation on pollutant sources and water quality
measurement (2008-2009)
座標

污染類別

樣點樣點
-編號

發現日期

X

Y

排水

烏橋烏橋-排水1
排水19707012131552678173

排水

烏橋烏橋-排水2
排水29707012131562678166

排水知高橋--排水知高橋
排水119705252115802671866

排水知高橋
知高橋-排水2
排水2

9 05259705252115
2115788262671835
1835

排水生活圈道路四號橋--排水1
生活圈道路四號橋
排水1

9705252113012668338

排水永安坑橋--排水永安坑橋
排水119707012120392675669

排水

永安坑橋
永安坑橋-排水2
排水29707012120502675669

排水光明橋--排水光明橋
排水119708112135002676052

排水光明橋--排水光明橋
排水2
2

9708112135272676024

排水光明橋--排水光明橋
排水3
3

970811

2134482675992暗管

連仔溪橋--暗管連仔溪橋
暗管119705252128882677024暗管

永安橋--暗管
永安橋
暗管1
19705252123092675413暗管

東海橋--暗管
東海橋
暗管1
19708112121292674591養殖廢水

烏橋

9707012131002678273養雞場

烏橋

9708112131002678147

養鴨場

劉厝堤處

9705252111892669153施工

車路巷橋改建工程

970525--施工

車路巷橋上游攔河堰拆除工程970811--施工

河川整治工程970525

-

-

施工

清淤工程

970701--

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Location of worst water quality (2008(2008-2009)

烏橋旁排水
中科路旁排水車路巷橋施工

林厝排水

永安橋施工

生活圈四號道路橋下游排水

Water quality from upstream to downstream(2008-2009)(2008index

u/s

middled/s

RPI

seriousmediumfair

WQI5

No goodmediumgood

Water quality test at every 500 m to
identify pollutant sources.
Items： DO、BOD5、temperature、pH conductivity SS turbidity
pH、conductivity、SS、turbidity、
ammonia、nitrate

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Groundwater recharge and base flow estimate(2010 2011)(2010-2011)

Groundwater recharge and base flow estimate(2010 2011)(2010-2011)
Dry season

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

Wet season

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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Low Impactp
Developp for restoringg surface runoff
in watershed (2011~)

Source: LID Center

http://nemo.uconn.edu/tools/stormwater/rain_garden.htm

Hydrograph Pre/Post Development
Developed condition, nogppeak,, more
controls ((higher
volume, & earlier peak time)Q

Pre-developedPredeveloped
condition

LossesAsian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

T
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The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Part 5
 Action for river restoration

Obj
bjectivesti
off our actionti : To conserve all living creatures in Fazih river(保育筏子溪的蟲魚鳥獸
保育筏子溪的蟲魚鳥獸)) To popularize the idea of ecoeco-system protection
to neighboring residents(推廣愛護溪流生態系的觀念予週邊民眾
推廣愛護溪流生態系的觀念予週邊民眾)) Combine all people and organization to reachthe above goals (結合大眾之力達成上述目標
結合大眾之力達成上述目標))

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Action 1.
Establish an interinter-disciplinary group
Member of group for caring Fazih river

Department Unit

許少華,連惠邦,張嘉玲,陳昶憲,李漢鏗,
王傳益,蘇惠珍,葉昭憲,許盈松,林朝福,
鄭仙偉 許正元
鄭仙偉,許正元

逢甲大學水利系

卜君平,林保宏

逢甲大學土木系

黎淑婷,崔征國,郭錦津

逢甲大學建築系

童翔新,郭鐘秀逢甲大學環科系

劉曜華,雷祖強,邱景升

逢甲大學都計系

林良泰

逢甲大學交管系

薛念林

逢甲大學資工系

謝靜琪

逢甲大學土管系

童翔新,郭鐘秀逢甲大學環科系

李素馨

逢甲大學景憩系(since 2006 )Action 2.
Establish an information platform on Fazih
river

http://140.134.131.73

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Action 3.
devote academic studies on topics related to
Fazih riverR
Researchh TTopici

Ad i
AdvisorSt d tStudent

筏子溪底泥的纖維糖產氫能力

林秋裕

胡祐誠 賴松慶筏子溪流量調查與分析鄭仙偉

林志遠 蘇文逸

多孔隙混凝土應用於筏子溪生態工法之模擬研究

連恵邦

林俊霆 王濬智

筏子溪河道歷史演變與探討

許少華

陳柏均 朱晏逸

高鐵對筏子溪影響探討

林朝福

黃鉅樺 官昭純筏子溪水質評估與分析李漢鏗江宏晟 謬志佳HEC-RAS筏子溪水理分析廖清標

林士傑 王士豪

指導教授

學生姓名

筏子溪河道物理棲地調查

葉昭憲

顏士倫 賴瑋杰

筏子溪淨溪活動之籌辦與實施

葉昭憲

吳孟儒 林陵音筏子溪生態基流量之推估與應用王傳益吳伯翰 莊瑞安筏子溪河道輸砂推估許盈松邱聖凱 黃政文筏子溪河道深度調查許正元

黃銘祥 胡晉銘

筏子溪魚類調查許正元

羅立芳 吳逸崟筏子溪工程地工材料調查及經濟分析蔡桂郎

黃仁佑 蔡剛甫筏子溪高灘地調查及應用之探討

蔡桂郎

陳奐辰 郭順儒專題實驗名稱

Action 4. exchange idea through many discussions
between various groups
台中市筏子溪之鳥類與變遷筏子溪未來之願景2008
我們的筏子溪

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

從解說員的觀點看筏子溪自然生態

http://www.a-rr.net/

The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Action 4. exchange idea through manydidiscussionsibetweenb tvariousigroups2009----------------------------筏子溪相關單位之人員座談與討論----------------------莊仁合賴慶昌
謝國正
車路巷橋、連仔溪橋改建工程設計
筏子溪生態與景觀工程台灣河川魚道設計之經驗案例歸納
構思說明((弘益生態有限公司
益總經理))
中興工程顧問公司 計畫主管劦勝工程顧問公司 工程師
Ecological company
Consulting firm

Consulting firm

Action 5
5. visit
i it localll lleadersdarounddF
Fazih
ih riveri
P
Peoplelinvolved

C
Conclusionl i

文山里里長、 1. 加強水質監
學生10
學生
10名
名
測
2. 透過民眾力量來宣導

福中里里長、 1.
1.檢舉上游暗管
檢舉上游暗管
學生10
學生
10名
名
排放
2 加強水質監測
2.加強水質監測
2.
3.以勸導代替賞3.
以勸導代替賞罰

July, 2008
Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

http://www.a-rr.net/

The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Action 6.
6 Design course material related to Fazih river

河川演變學實習課程

2008

Site observation lesson on river pollution in thecourse of “Engineering
Engineering ethics
ethics”inin Electronic
Engineering_ April, 2011

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

http://www.a-rr.net/

The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

River clean activity in freshmen
tutorialclass lesson May, 2011

 Field

investigation whenever scholars visited us
us.
Jan., 2010

Nov., 2009

Prof. Gary Parker
Prof. Zhaoyin Wang (王兆印)
p g
Tsinghua Univ.,
Univ Beijing U of Illinois,, Champaign

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

http://www.a-rr.net/

The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Provide knowledge and work with local NGO’s.

Help activities for public involvement.

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

http://www.a-rr.net/

The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Bridge the gap bet
betweeneen gogovernment
ernment and NGO’s.

Part 6
 TRRN (Taiwan River Restoration
N
Network)tk)Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

http://www.a-rr.net/

The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

 In 2008, the Water Resources Planning Institute, Water
Resources Agency,
Agency, MOEA established TRRN (Taiwan
River Restoration Network), and gradually collected riverrestoration experience,experience theory
theory, and technology from both
domestic and foreign public/ private sectors, which
g NGOs ((non(non-p
profit organizations).
g)
including Facing water shortage and drastic changes in the global
environment, only all countries in the world incorporate
together in technology and management experience canwe overcome the challenges on river restoration.
 Website http://trrn.wra.gov.tw/trrn/

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

http://www.a-rr.net/

The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

http://www.a-rr.net/

The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

http://www.a-rr.net/

The 8th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2011/11/11)

Never

End

our River!

Let’s give back the space that belongs to living species.
We need the help from ARRN

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN)

http://www.a-rr.net/