OPERATION CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE PHOTON FACTORY STORAGE RING
Tsutomu Igarashi
National Laboratory for High Energy Physics
Oho-machi, Tsukuba-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 305, Japantheir front panels for maintenance or troubleshooting.
The keys are normally unlocked and have no effect on
For maintenance or emergency
the status or command,
recovery, one can stop sending status signals to theinterlock subsystem or inhibit any command to the component by locking keys. With a locked key, the interface module goes into INHIBIT state which will betransmitted to the INTERLOCK layer as well as to themini-computer, and displayed on the operator's console.
The standard signal is specified to be balanced
voltage.output to a twisted pair and connected to an isolated load to prevent ground loop current. A logical
11 111 outputs
12 V to a twisted pair, and a logical "O"
Figure 2 shows apresents a high impedance state,typical circuit made up of an optically isolated load
and a HYB-80, which is a hybrid module developed by theStorage Ring Control Group. The same standard signal
is used for a CAMAC in/out register.

ABSTRACTThe KEK Photon Factory Storage Ring (2.5 GeV)
began its operation by utilizing manual switches andpotentiometers to control the equipment in MAR 1982.
The Storage Ring came into a new era since the remotecontrol system was completed in JAN 1983 and enabled
any operation to be made from the control room.
There are various functions furnished by this control system such as operation of machine, environment
protection, personal security, collection of machine
status etc. Notable features of this system are theflexibility and programmability to meet system expansion or change of operational modes.
SYSTEM OUTLINE
The control system is organized by three-layer
hierarchy consisting of INTERFACE, INTERLOCK and COMPUTER layers (Fig. 1). There are several tens of input
and output signals from and to the machine components,
radiation monitor, personal protection and interlockeddoors.
The INTERFACE layer deals with all the signals
converted from or to a standard form that can be processed by a programmable hard-wired interlock subsystem.
The INTERLOCK layer controls all the fundamental
It is constructed ofsequences of machine operation.
NAND/NOR DTL gates.
The COMPUTER layer receives machine status signals
via a CAMAC system for the operator's information andlogging purposes.

r--- ------------,II-6
L--------------~

HYB-80

INTERFACE LAYER

Fig. 2The Storage Ring is composed of many components
which transmit signals in various forms such as switch
The INTERFACE layer
closures, analog levels, etc.
processes 56 signals to standard formats or conversely
send back 7 control signals to the equipment with suitable signal level and formats.
Two types of modules, TRANSMITTER and RECEIVER
were designed for constructing the INTERFACE layer. ATRANSMITTER module (TX) converts its input signal fromthe equipment to the standard signal and then transmits
as the status to the interlock subsystem. Conversely,a RECEIVER module (RX) receives commands from the interlock subsystem and relays them to the d..,stinationcomponents.
These modules have manual override key-switches onINTERLOCK LAYER
The INTERLOCK layer is composed of matrix modules
and connected to the Main Console Switch Panel (MCSP)All Storage
for operator's command input (Fig. 3).
Ring operation modes can be entered on operator's request via the MCSP only i f safety conditions for themode are satisfied. If any condition is not satisfied,
this subsystem warns the operator with both MCSP display and audible alarm. The MAIN MATRIX module (PF410)
encodes 8 different conditions from 64 status inputs by
The CHANNEL CONTROL module
a pin programing matrix.
(PF412) concerns the light source channels. It permits
channels to open, confirms if all channels are closed
or detects unusual state of channels. The PF304 matrix
module includes an 8 x 16 pin programing matrix, an 8
NAND/NOR change-over switch, two 8-input buffers andtwo 8-output.buffers in a double widths NIM case. Thismatrix module is used as not only for normal NAND/NOR
gates but also for FLIP-FLOPs by the aid of module inThe safety condition for each operaterconnection.
tional mode is encoded from the status of components by
the pin programing matrices, and the control signal iscreated with those module wiring. All the circuit time
constants was chosen to be from a few micro-seconds toa few milli-seconds to filter out noise and relaychatter.
Figure 4 shows the diagram of operational modes
There· are four modes: SHUTDOWN, LINAC
and states.
ONLY, INJECTION and STORAGE. Each operational mode has
one to three states and is represented graphically by alarge circle. All permissible transitions are allowedby hard-wired logic and represented by arrows betweenstates. Each transition labelled with a tag in the diagram is brought about by operator's action on theIn operation, the interlock subsystem waits
MCSP.
until all conditions described below the the tag of theCAMACNETWORK

layer

VIDEOa CATVlayer

Fig. 1A typical standard signal circuit.

Block diagram of Storage Ring operation
control system.

344

Status Displaying

RING·COMPONENTS CHANNEL EXPERMENT

56 llemFig. 34 In/Out

4 In/OutAll conditions of the ring equipment connected
into the INTERLOCK layer can be read at any time by themini-computer via CAMAC modules.
The surveillance
program maps binary data to proper signal names such as
OPEN/CLOSE, ACTIVE/NOT-READY and INHIBIT related to allcomponents.
The program prepares display frames forinterlock safety conditions and logging summary. There
are 11 different display frames: 10 for the states, andone for logging summary. When the operator triggers
the MCSP, the program changes the display frame automatically. It takes a few tens of seconds in the worst
case to change from one frame to the other mainly due
to the overhead of the present operating system as.well
as the language itself.

RINGCOMPONENTS

7 llemSchematic drawing of the interlock subsystem.
Main MATRIX and PF304 are built with pin
programing matrices.

Trouble Hunting
When any trouble should happen, the computer makes
it easy to locate it and saves a lot time (It would bequite time-consuming work without any computer if one
tries to do it by going directly to the INTERFACE layer). The program is always surveying all the status
and comparing the current status with the previous one.
When any changes found there, it will turn green letters into flashing red ones to inform where the trouble
occurred.

chosen transition are satisfied, then it automaticallycontrols the various components described below thehorizontal bar.
The MCSP is shown in the lower half of Fig. 5. It
indicates the present state with an LED light and informs abnormal condition in the same state with ablinking LED and audible alarm signal. The operator
can tell which transition between states is on by seeing both lighting LED of the starting state and ablinking LED of. the ending state.

Information Displaying
COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SYSTEM
The information frame which is composed by theprogram contains beam current value, beam current vs.
time in a graph form, beam lifetime, and status of thelight source channels being used (Fig. 7). The frame
starts at the latest injection from the LINAC, and it
will be renewed at the start of the next injection.
The frame is also converted to composite video
signals to be distributed to other places e.g. experimental area, LINAC control, CATV etc.

The Storage Ring operation can be made safely
within the two layers described above. However, it isnecessary to install a computer to process status displaying, trouble hunting, information displaying andsystem logging.
The 16 bits mini~computer (AICOM-C6) consists of 1
Mb memory, 40 Mb storage disk, TTY model/ 40 printer,console terminal and CAMAC branch driver.
The surveillance program of about 2000 lines iswritten in PFO-BASIC language, which is developed forthe Storage Ring control on the computer.
There are two kinds of displaying media. Two· 20"
color monitors are installed in the console desk fordisplaying the ring status and information. There aretwo 1.92 m x 1.44 m large screen projectors on the wallof the control room (Fig. 6). They accept RGB signals
or NTSC encoded signals and display the same contents
as the monitors. They convenience the people working
around the control room for they can be easily seenfrom any place.

ILINAC STANDBY I
ENVIROMENT PROTECTION*
B. T. Ll NE DOORS
B. T. BM SWITCH
B. T. SHUTTER

System logging
System logging is also included in this program.
The togged items are as follows:
1. Date and time of START or STOP of state.
2. Duration of state.
3. Duration·of channel opening.

IALL RESET I
B.T. SHUTTER CLOSEI STORAGE ON I

INJECTION STANDBY
LINAC STANDBY~~vm~~~NT PROTECTION*
CHANNEL CLOSESALL DOORS
B.T. SHUTTER
RING READYINJECTION BUMPI INJECTION .ON I
BEAM REQUESTPULSE MAG. ON
LINAC BEAM ON

Fig. 4Operation mode and state diagram.
text for details.

* ENVIROMENT PROTECTIONo PERSONAL PROTECTIONo AREA. MONITOR

Refer to the main345

Fig. 520" color monitor.and MCSP on
the console desk.

4. Integral beam intensity between injections.
5. Summary of the week's operation.
Figure 8 shows a sample printout of state transition and Fig. 9 shows a summary of week's operation.

PRCTCN HCTORT RING STATUS Lei

UTi~~(/~7/11

ON .TIM! (!"'IN)

0~ .T li'T~(M!N)I(MA)

I'H (H)lNJIC!ION!"OllrON
lNJ[CTICN i'IOI:E STA~tnJlCTlON M6Df STOP!hJICTIONMi5tiSTARTIHJTCTIONM6riSTOP
INJICTION roni OF!
S10UGfMOCfON

S10RAGl MODE OH
INJHtlOI MOl'i ON

SUMMARY

INJrC!ION MOU~'fAR!

INJECTIO/ MOl'[ STOPlNJECTICN MCU Cif
S!ORAGI:MC'DICNSTCRAGI: MCU Cfi
HIJiCTION ~'ODE ON

There have been no trouble in the INTERFACE andINTERLOCK layers up to now, but the mini-computer failed at a rate of once in 2-3 months by unknown reason ineither hardware or system software. Even then the Storage Ring operation was continued safely without themini-computer, but the system logging was lost.
In this year, a few changes of the matrix systemwere necessary because of new legal classification ofdoors, and an additional state for collaboration use ofthe LINAC by the TRISTAN Accumulator Ring. They werecarried out simply by relocating matrix pins andmodifying the software .
System testing and debugging are in progress tosend all status via PFX networkl to the library computer (FACOM M-200) which acquires data into the data basesystem.

lNJICTIONMODIStAR't

lNJ!CTIONi'TQDfSTOP
INHCtlCN MCtE CrF
510RAGE ~ODE ON
S!ORAGIMOD!START
S10RAGli'TOPISTOPSTORAGlMODtOFf
lNJFCTIONMODTONINHCTJONMOU START
INJICTICNMOUSTCP~OD!

INJECTlONOH

STORAGEHODEONSiORACIMO"C!!START~~r~R~~~~T MOU START

n~t

gn:

BL150FINm~ g:~~

El.01 OPlN~~;:Ri~i~~ HOOI STOP

147.~~EIU CLCS!

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BLtlCICSI::;~:~~~g~45~.45gm:

451.35452.17450 -~8458.95!U4 ClOSE

EIH CLCH
S10RAGEMODISTOPSTOUCI ~ODE OFF
INJ!Cl"l0Nt'OD£0N

lkJi.CTION MDt OH
STOUGfMOtfON
S'CRACii'TODfO'rf
tiNacrcnroN
LINACI'TODISTOP
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MOCl ON!~~!~!!~~ ~~~~ ~~*~T

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author wishes to express his gratitude toProf. K.Huke, head of the light source, and Prof.
S.Shibata. Also he would like to thank the staff of thePhoton Factory for collaboration of this work.

Fig. 8A typical system logging printout.

************************************************* PECTC~ FA:TC~Y STCRAGI RING o"EHLY REPCR!
************************************************,;'REFERENCE•

1.

C. 0, Pak et al., "Computer Control System of Photon
Factory Storage Ring", presented at thisconference.

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The Photon Factory Storage Ring
control room.

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A typical summary of the week's operation.