FFPRI International Seminar
Sharing F-DRR approaches and techniques with developing countries:
Experiences, realities and opportunities of private sectors

Movement and trends ofdisaster risk reductionin Thailand, Philippines and India
タイ・フィリピン・インドでの防災・減災の動向
Asia Air Survey, Co., Ltd.
Toru Inada
February 1, 2023

Occurrence and damage of natural disasters（％）(time/year)

0.6

20

0.5
15

0.4
0.3

100.2
50.1
00Thailand（Persons)

PhilippinesIndia

Japan

Avg. World

Annual reported number of disasters

ThailandIndiaJapanAvg. World

Percentage of economic loss by natural disasters to GDP（Persons）

1.8

8,000

1.6

7,0001.4

Philippines

6,000

1.2

5,000

1

4,000

0.8

3,000

0.6

2,000

0.4
0.2

1,00000
ThailandPhilippines

India

Japan

Avg. World

Death per 100,000 people
Source: EMDAT, data for 30-years from 1991 to 2019,

ThailandPhilippines

India

Japan
2

Victims per 100,000 people

Avg. World

Occurrence and damageof natural disasters

Philippines in 2013, typhoon Yolanda
https://primer.ph/feature/yolanda/photo.html

Bangkok, Thailand in 2011, floods
https://www.jiji.com/jc/d4?p=twf101-jlp11605936&d=d4_int
3India in 2019, floods in nation wide
Ravi Posavanike/TOI, BCCL, Mangaluru（Million USD）

International support
for disaster riskreduction

100

Philippines

80

ThailandIndia

60

India(WB)

40
20





The Philippines stands out inbilateral cooperation from the DAC.
More than 90% of the actual amount
was provided by Japan's ODA.
India is the only country with a trackrecord of assistance from the WorldBank in the disaster risk reduction
sector.

0

Amount of disaster prevention sector support
from DAC member countries and the World Bank
（million USD）

India stands out for financial support
from the GCF.

350300250200150

Mitigation 2
Adaptation 210050Funds from GCF

Mitigation 2Adaptation 1Multi 10Adaptation 1Thailand

4

PhilippinesIndiaComparison of development of erosion control
technology “Chisan”
Academic institutions related to erosion control, and mountainous disasters
ThailandPhilippines

India
・Currently, there are no・Climate Change and Disasteracademic institutions
Management Cluster, Department of・Establishment of master's offering courses related to
Civil Engineering, Chulalongkorn
courses in mountainerosion control.
University・Appealing to Indiraengineering at multiple
・Mahidun University
universitiesGandhi National Forestry
・Department of Civil Engineering,
Academy etc. through JICA
Kasetsart University, Geotechnicalprojects.［1］Research and Development Center
Source:[1] JICA “The Project for Natural Disaster Management in Forest Areas in Uttarakhand”[2] JICA “Strengthening the Flood Management Function of DPWH”

5

Comparison of development of erosion
control technology “Chisan”
Guidelines and manuals on erosion control
Thailand・Check Dam Installation
Guidelines (Ministry ofNatural Environment andResources)
・It has been pointed outthat guidelines forcountermeasures against
landslides and sedimentdisasters have not beendeveloped.

Philippines

India・Earth Conservation
Guidelines and Manuals
・Manual for flood control,(National Disastererosion control, floodManagement Committee)
control structure design,
・Guidelines and manuals
flood control structure(Uttarakhand State) based
design, runoff calculationon the Forestry Agency's(Ministry of Public Works andTechnical Standards forRoad)［2］Conservation (General Rules,Conservation forMountainous Areas) ［1］

Source:[1] JICA “The Project for Natural Disaster Management in Forest Areas in Uttarakhand”[2] JICA “Strengthening the Flood Management Function of DPWH”

6Comparison of development of erosion
control technology “Chisan”
Installation record of erosion control construction, etc.
ThailandPhilippines

・Establishment of check dams ・Establishment of a erosion(simple dams, semi-permanentcontrol dam on the Santa Fedams, permanent dams) inRiver in Nueva Vizcaya, using
mountain streams, etc.
Soil Cement as theembankment ［2］(nationwide)

India
・Simple check dam
installation・Conservation work isunderway at three locationsin Uttarakhand［1］Source: [1] JICA “The Project for Natural Disaster Management in Forest Areas in Uttarakhand” [2] JICA “Strengthening the Flood Management Function of DPWH”

In countries that have received assistance from JICA, manuals are being prepared anddemonstrations of erosion control and erosion control methods were carried out.

Although the knowledge and information level of disaster prevention in general has improved in
all three countries, it is considered that they do not have sufficient knowledge
when it comes to7
erosion control

Rank of Vulnerability
and ReadinessIndicators by Notre
Dame Global
Adaptation Initiative

How to evaluate for ND-GAIN
Ranks by ND-GAIN country index

ND-GAIN out of 182countries
Vulnerability out of182 countries
Readiness out of 192
countries

ThailandPhilippines

IndiaJapan

68

113

111

1998

115

132

49

62

132

104

118

Source：2022 University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative
https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/rankings/