SS3-5

Country Report of JapanThe 21st FNCA Ministerial Level Meeting
December 10, 2020
Mr. SANO Toshio, Vice Chairman
Atomic Energy Commission of Japan

Contents
1. Status of the Nuclear Power Stations in Japan
1-1 Restarting status of the nuclear power stations
1-2 Status of ALPS treated water at TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Station
2. Efforts being made to sustain the operation of the nuclear related facilities
under the COVID-19, and possible research areas related to infectious
diseases by quantum science
2-1 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
2-2 National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science & Technology(QST)1-1 Restarting Status of the Nuclear Power Plants inJapan
As of 4th, November, 2020
Passed NRA Review

Restarted

for the Permission for Changes
in Reactor Installation

9 reactors
In Operation : 1 reactors
Suspended : 8 reactors

Tokyo EPCO
Kashiwazaki Kariwa
Hokuriku EPCO
Shika
JAPC
Tsuruga
Kansai EPCO
Mihama(Date of Restart)

110

110

110

110

136

136

３５３０２７２６３０２３２３54

121

２７１４

11 reactors(Date of Approval)

110(2017.12.27)

9 reactors

58

Hokkaido EPCO
Tomari３１58

91

２９１０(2013.7.8)

BWR1388350４３118

118

118

２８２７87

３５Tohoku EPCO
Higashidori

5287

３５467883

83

２５１８Tohoku EPCOOnagawa

787878110Tokyo EPCO
Fukushima Daiicih

137

110

110

110

110

Tokyo EPCO
Fukushima Daini

３１Suspended

Tokyo EPCO has revealed a plan to consider decommissioning all the reactors at Fukushima Daini nuclear
plant(14th, Jun, 2018).

118

118

２５２３４０(2018.3.23) (2018.6.16)

89

３４(2015.8.11) (2015.10.15)

110

17

Shikoku EPCOIkata

57

57

89

２５Suspended

３５56

Suspended

89

J-POWEROhma(2017.6.6) (2017.5.17)

82

56

ABWR110(2014.6.10)

Suspended

83

４４

Suspended

83

４５46

Age

Tokyo EPCO
Higashidori

１３(2016.10.5)

Suspended

118

Capacity(10MkW)

２９139(2015.11.5)

34110(2014.12.16)

３３Suspended

Kyushu EPCO
Sendai24 reactors

PWR(2013.12.25) (2018.8.10)

Kyushu EPCO
Genkai

Decommission

116(2016.4.20)

Chugoku EPCO
Shimanedecided/predicted to(Date of Application)(2018.3.14) (2018.5.9)

Kansai EPCO
Takahama

already(2014.8.12)

36

Suspended

Kansai EPCOOhi

7 reactors

Not yetAppliedUnder NRA
Review(2016.8.12)

5484

110

114

３２

２６JAPCTokai/Tokai Daini(2018.9.26)(2015.6.16)(2014.2.14)

138

１４

Chubu EPCO
Hamaoka

1-2 Current status of ALPS (Advanced Liquid Treatment System) treated water◇The water for cooling fuel debris gets contaminated and stagnates in the buildings.
 The level of groundwater outside is controlled to be higher than that of water inside
the buildings, to prevent the contaminated water from flowing out.
 As a result, groundwater keeps flowing into the buildings and contaminated water
keeps generated in the buildings every day.

Groundwater bypasses•

Sub-drains are wells
located near thebuildings, from which
groundwater is pumped
up to reduce the level ofgroundwater.

•Frozen-soil walls
surround the buildings
to redirect thegroundwater’s flow.

1-2 Characteristics of ALPS treated water◇Regarding about 30 % of the treated water stored in tanks, the concentration ofradionuclides other than tritium meets the regulatory standards for discharge.
◇Regarding about 70 % of the water, the concentration of radionuclides exceeds theregulatory standards. It will be re-purified to meet the regulatory standards with anexception of tritium.
* In early years, the ALPS treatment has been carried out by prioritizing the volume of water treatment to quickly reduce theradiation impact to outside the site. There were also cross filter permeate troubles and other troubles.

◇Re-purification test implemented by TEPCO shows that the ALPS has the capability
to remove the radionuclides sufficiently.
◇In the case of releasing it to the environment, the treated water will be sufficiently
diluted also to meet the regulatory standard for tritium.
Sum of the ratios of actual concentrations to regulatory standards for radionuclides other than tritium (as of August, 2020)
73％

Amount of water in tanks

400,000
350,000
300,000

295,000m3(27%)

ALPS treated water

374,100m3(34%)

in reused tanks

207,500m3(19%)

250,000
200,000
150,000

161,700m3(15%)
65,000m3(6%)

100,000
50,000

Water treated in early years of the treatment
Water treated in early years when crossflow
filter permeate had trouble etc.

0～1

1～5

5～10

10～100100～* “less than 1” means that the water concentration meets the regulatory standards for discharge42-1. Action taken to sustain the activities under the Pandemic (JAEA)
Action taken at J-PARC• J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) World’s best research environment providing a variety of highintensity beams for materials & life science and particle andnuclear physics.
 Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) is open forneutron and muon users to promote Japan’s Science & Technology.
・Preparation for remote access experiments at MLF
 Alterative facility use method under COVID-19 pandemic
 Under way at several neutron beamlines

View of J-PARC
Neutrino Experimental Facility

MR(Main Ring)

HadronExperimentalFacility

3 GeV SynchrotronLinacMaterials and Life
Science Experimental
Facility (MLF)• Number of users: 1078
• 446 proposals accepted in FY2019
from academia and industry

Remote access experiments with automated device controlling will ensure research opportunity andincrease available beam time for outside neutron users.

2-2. Action taken to sustain the activities under the Pandemic (QST)-1) What’s QST?

LifeQuantum
Medical Science

5th generation cancer
treatment system"Quantum Scalpel"

Zero cancer deaths
and a healthy, longliving society

EnergyQuantum
Life Science Fusion Energy Science and Technology

Understanding of lifeApproaching for life
science with quantum
eyes and hands

Radiation safety

Response to radiation
accidents and disasters

Research onradiation effects

Protecting life andlifestyle with science

SafetyJT-60SA undercommissioningby EU and Japan

ITER under construction at
France/ Japan, EU, USA,
Russia, China, Korea, India

Creating a sun on the earth- Realizing the ultimate energy for future -Quantum Materials Science
Quantum Optics
Development of novel
materials for innovative
devices

3GeV synchrotron
radiation facility

Creating innovation with quantum
beams and materials science

Everyday Life

Advanced scientificresearch on laser and its
applications to everyday life

The quest for future
by lasers

2-2. Action taken to sustain the activities under the Pandemic (QST)-2) Action taken at QST and possible research areas
QST has responded to the COVID-19 pandemic recognizing that• 2-3 years are necessary for the end of the pandemic,• The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the new pandemics emerging in the 21st century.
Sustainment of research activities• Hand disinfection, wearing a mask, avoid the “3Cs”(closed spaces, crowded places, closecontact settings)• Remote work and web meeting• Install of the contact confirming application “COCOA”• Telephone re-examination in QST Hospital, which istreating cancer with carbon ion radiotherapy• Approaching introduction of smart, remote andautomated systems

remote supervision to Italy

Possible research area
• Quantum Life Science

Drug discovery and understanding of aggravation
mechanism utilizing quantum technologies such as“quantum sensors”, “hyperpolarized MRI” and “structural
analysis at the quantum level in enzymatic reactions”• Quantum Materials Science

Development of novel devices for new normal based on“spin photonics” utilizing quantum beam irradiation
technology

high-speed & highly-secure datatransfer to EU for remote experimentapplication of remote technologies in international projects

quantum sensors

structural analysis

spin photonics

Thank you

1-2 (Ref) The radiological impact of the treated water release◇The impact of the radiation to human health as a result of the discharge isconsiderably small.
 Even if the entire amount of the ALPS treated water containing tritium and otherradioactive material were to be disposed of in one year*, the impact would be
no more than 1/1000 of the exposure impact of natural radiation in Japan.
Comparison of radiation impacts from natural exposure anddischarge of whole treated water in one year*
Vapor release

No more than 1/1000 of natural exposure

Discharge into the sea
Natural exposure

0•
••

0.05

0.1

0.15

2.05

2.1

2.15
mSv/y

Based on a UNSCEAR-specified method.
All volume of the ALPS treated water stored in tanks is discharged in one year, and similar amounts are discharged duringfollowing 100 years.
The treated water contains 860 trillion Bq of tritium and the other radionuclides