Short Presentation in APEC-TSUKUBA Conference

14th. Feb. 2013

Research on Prospective Elementary
School Teachers' Perceptions for
Disaster Prevention Education

Introduction
 The Great East Japan Earthquake:

Date and Time : 11 March 2011 14:46
Magnitude : 9.0 (interim value; the largest
earthquake recorded in Japan)
Epicenter : N38.1, E142.9 (130km ESE) Main aftershocks:
Yutaka OHARA
College of Human andEnvironmental Studies,
Kanto-Gakuin University

How bad was human suffering
due to the earthquake and tsunami?
 The earthquake and tsunami devastated theTohoku district and other regions. Damages
were inflicted in Kanto district, too. The
number of deaths is 15,560, the number of
injured is 5,689, and the number of missing
is 5,329 (as of July 13 according to theNational Police Agency).
 The number of those evacuated isapproximately 111,532 (as of July 7 at15:00
according to the Disaster ManagementAgency).
http://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/visit/incidents/index.html

On April 7, an earthquake of magnitude 7.4
On April 11, an earthquake of magnitude 6.3(preliminary estimate)

Tragedy atOkawa Elementary School

Okawa elementary school is in Ishinomaki, Miyagi.
Tsunami overcame children who had tried to move to thesafety place. 74 of 108 whole school students, 10 of 13 teachers
became the dead or missing.

1Seriously consider
what teacher trainer can do

Purpose & Method

 In disaster, elementary schools will
have most serious damage.
 Although there are some researches
on in-service teachers and pupils fordisaster prevention, little attention
has been given to pre-service teacher’s
perception for it.

 The purpose of this study is toinvestigate the characteristics ofprospective elementary school
teachers' awareness in disasterprevention education.
 For this purpose, we conducted aquestionnaire investigation for 96
subjects. Data were gathered in
November 2011.

Primary Findings

Questionnaire investigation

 Pre-service elementary school teachers
have interest in disaster reduction
education to study professional issues
 Six factors extracted from theirconsciousness by factor analysis
 Highly technical three factors had
positively affected confidence in judgment,
instructions under disaster, anddevelopment of pupil’s independence
during usual activity.

the questionnaire has two parts.
 Part A is to identify their levels ofinterests about disaster prevention
education.
 Part B is to check their levels ofconfidence to teach the disasterprevention for pupils

2Part A of questionnaire
Q1. I'm interested in disaster prevention.
Q2. I'm interested in disaster prevention education.
Q3. I would like to take a lecture on school safety.
Q4. I would like to hear from experts of disasterprevention.
Q5. I would like to hear from afflicted people.
Strongly No

No

Maybe No

Maybe Yes

Yes Strongly Yes

Q2(P) **
Q3(P) **
Q4(P) **
Q5(P) **Average
4.73
4.82
4.81
4.64
5.03

 (a) Items on the earthquakes & tsunamis
and terrain & facilities. (11 items)
 (b) Items on the nature or cause of theearthquake & tsunami. (11 items)(c) Items on disaster prevention. (11 items)
Confidences for Pedagogical Skills

 (d) Items on disaster prevention
Education. (6 items)

Results of Part B

Results of Part A
N=96

Confidences for Pedagogical Contents Knowledge（Six level choices）（Six level choices）

Q1(P) **Part B of questionnaire

Factor Analysis
Profession ofDisasterPresentational
factor (#1)

SD
1.06
0.91
0.95
0.94
0.98

Earthquake
Basementfactor (#2)

Urgency
Evacuation
factor (#4)

prospective
elementary school Therefore,Firstly, all items
are statistically-significant
teachers
haveinterest
indisasterreduction(binominal)
test.
by Fisher's exact probability
education to study professional issues(p<.01)

Earthquake
Profession
factor (#3)

Localism factor (#5)
Landscape factor (#6)

Factor Scores (Weighted Average) : 0.469
Cronbach's coefficient α : 0.661

3Results of Part B
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
Independent
Variables (factors)

R

Independent
Variables (factors)

Multiple Correlation Coefficient

Profession of Disaster

Dependent
Variable #1

0.608 *

Earthquake Basement
Earthquake Profession

0.263 *
Urgency Evacuation-0.233 *Localism

Having a lot of
confidence inability to makeright decision
when Earthquake
occurred

Results of Part B
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
Independent
Variables (factors)

R

Multiple Correlation Coefficient

Profession of Disaster
Earthquake Basement
Earthquake Profession
Urgency Evacuation

β1 *
0.532

Dependent
Variable #3

Having a lot of
confidence inability to develop
proactiveattitude forDisaster Prevention

Localism
Landscape & form

R

Multiple Correlation Coefficient

Profession of Disaster
Earthquake Basement
Earthquake Profession

0.231 *
Urgency Evacuation

Dependent
Variable #20.513 *Having a lot ofconfidence inability to provide
right direction
when Earthquake
occurred

Localism＊p<.001, R2 = 0.401

Landscape & form

Results of Part B
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis

Landscape & form

＊p<.001, R2 = 0.414

Short Discussion
 Specially, three factors (Profession of Disaster
Preventional factor (#1), Urgency Evacuation
factor (#4), Localism factor (#5), ) had positively
affected prospective teacher’s confidence
under disaster.
 So far, we have seen what it is important
to develop the prospective teacher from aviewpoint of disaster prevention educationin pre-service teacher training.

＊p<.001, R2 = 0.276

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