１

The 4th International Symposium
on Water Environment Systems---with Perspective of Global Safety(December 1st-3rd, 2016)

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Graduate School of Engineering
Tohoku University

Sponsors
http://www.g-safety.tohoku.ac.jp/
Tohoku University, Main Administration Office
Organization for Leading Graduate School Programof Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan

http://www.eng.tohoku.ac.jp/
Tohoku University, Graduate School of Engineering,Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, JapanORGANIZERS
Dr. KAZAMA So(Professor, Tohoku University)

Dr. LI Yu-You(Professor, Tohoku University)(Chairman of Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering)
Dr. KUBOTA Kengo(Associate Professor, Tohoku University)

Dr. KOMORI Daisuke(Associate Professor, Tohoku University)

SECRETARIESAssistant Professor, Toshimasa Hojo
toshimasa.hojo.b5@tohoku.ac.jp
Assistant Professor, Yoshiya Touge
yoshiya.touge.a6@tohoku.ac.jp
DC student, Zhe Kongkong.zhe.t7@dc.tohoku.ac.jp

PARTICIPANTS
Tohoku University
Name
Prem Rangsiwanichpong
Noriko Uchida
Yuto Sukegawa
Kota Nakaguchi
Yuta Sugawara
Tanaka Yukako
Kazuki Tonouchi
Kazuya Kamiyama
Lu Li
Hui Cheng
Jialing Ni
Tao Zhang
Yan Guo
Bo Jiang
Yanlong Zhang
Hongyu Jiang

National Taiwan University
Name
Ke-Sheng Cheng
Bing-Chen Jhong

National University of Laos
Name
Ketsana Xaiyasarn

Asian Institute of Technology
Name
Chanakarn Chanphu
Pajee Trakanpasakul

National Institute of Ecology
Name
JiHyun KangJapan
Identity
Student (D2)Student (M2)Student (M1)
Student (M1)
Student (M1)
Student (B4)Student (M2)Student (M2)Student (D1)Student (D1)Student (M2)
Graduate Research Student
Graduate Research Student
Graduate Research Student
JSPS research fellow
P.D. researcher

TaiwanIdentity
Professor
P.D.

Laos
Identity
P.D.

Thailand
Identity
Student （M2)
Secretary

Korea
Identity
Researcher

Tianjing Chengjian University
Name
Liping Sun
Chunsheng Qiu

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Name
Benyi Xiao

Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
NameRong Chen

Changsha University of Science and Technology
Name
Hong Chen

University Teknologi Malaysia
Name
Ee Ling Yong
Khairunnisa Abdul Halim

China
Identity
Professor
Associate Professor

China
Identity
Associate Professor

China
Identity
Associate Professor

China
Identity
Associate Professor

Malaysia
Identity
Associate Professor
Student

VenueGraduate School of Engineering, Aobayama campus, Tohoku University
Lectures and oral presentations
Room 101, Engineering Laboratory Complex building (総合研究棟)
Posters exhibition
Room 201, Engineering Laboratory Complex building (総合研究棟)
Dinner party(四季彩)
Map of Aobayama Campus

Engineering Laboratory
Complex building(総合研究棟)

Dinner Party Restaurant(四季彩)

Access to Aobayama Campus(Subway)

Map of East‐west line subway(地下鉄 東西線) in Sendai
Please take this subway line and get off on the stop Aobayama (青葉山) .
Tips
If you start from Sendai Station, please make sure you are entering
East-west line subway (地下鉄 東西線) rather than South-north line
subway (地下鉄 南北線) nor JR station.

ProgramThursday, 01 Dec 2016

Fieldwork
The reconstruction of Minami-gamo sewage treatment plant・2011/3/11 Tsunami hitting the Sewage Facilities

・Remains of 311‐tsunami shocking on the wall of pump station

P1

・Plan view of the sewage facilities

・Location of Minami‐gamo sewage treatment plant

P2

Friday, 02 Dec 2016
The 4th International Symposium on Water Environment Systems
Place: Room 101, Engineering Laboratory Complex Building, Tohoku University
9:00 ~ 9:10 Opening address
9:10 ~

9:20 Memorial photo

Session I
9:20 ~

Flood Management

9:50 Estimating the return period of multisite rainfall extremes – An example
of Taipei City
Ke-Sheng Cheng
National Taiwan University

9:50 ~ 10:20 Effective typhoon characteristics and their effects on hourly inundation
forecasting during typhoons
Bing-Chen Jhong
National Taiwan University
10:20 ~ 10:40 Rainfall‐runoff hydraulic flow computation at surface of tall building
Chanakarn Chanphu
Asian Institute of Technology
10:40 ~ 11:00 Coffee break

Session II Hydrological Environment
11:00 ~ 11:30 Water resources and climate change management in Lao PDR: potential
impact of climate change on flow in small river basins
Ketsana Xaiyasarn
National University of Laos
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
11:30 ~ 12:00 The environmental characteristics of coastal sand dunes in Korea
JiHyun Kang
National Institute of Ecology
12:00 ~ 13:00 Lunch break
13:00 ~ 13:30 Poster exhibition
Place: Room 201, Engineering Laboratory Complex Building, Tohoku University

・ Assessment of soil erosion using revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) and GIS in Thailand
Prem RangsiwanichpongTohoku University

P3

・ Environmental assessment in freshwater using eDNA
Noriko Uchida
Tohoku University

・ Statistical analysis of woody debris volume to specify mechanism ofrecruitment in dam reservoirs in Japan
Yuto Sukegawa
Tohoku University

・ The distribution and characteristics on frequent inland inundation areasof metropolitan areas in Japan
Kota Nakaguchi
Tohoku University

・ Relationship between probabilistic precipitation and flood discharge by
DAD analysis
Yuta Sugawara
Tohoku University

・ Evaluation of flood and storm surge disasters model in Japan
Yukako Tanaka
Tohoku University
・ Greenhouse‐gases emission and mass balances in wastewater treatment
plant
Kazuya Kamiyama
Tohoku University
・ Prokaryotic distribution and diversity of soda lakes and surrounding
soil in the desert areas of northern China
Lu Li
Tohoku University
・ Microbial diversity in a methanol‐feeding upflow anaerobic sludge
blanket (UASB) reactor operated under different COD and sulfate
concentrations
Jialing Ni
Tohoku University

P4

Session III Anaerobic biotechnologies
13:50 ~ 14:20 Effect of fermentation temperature on hydrogen production from xylose
and microbial community composition
Chunsheng Qiu
Tianjin Chengjian University
14:20 ~ 14:40 Energy production from food wastes by methane fermentation
Kazuki Tonouchi
Tohoku University
14:40 ~ 15:00 Hythane production from Cassava residue by hydrogen and methane
fermentation
Hongyu Jiang
Tohoku University
15:00 ~ 15:20 The effects of HRT on the performances of hollow fiber anaerobic
membrane bioreactor in treating food waste
Hui Cheng
Tohoku University
15:20 ~ 15:40 Research on the feasibility of dead livestock bodies’ anaerobic co‐digestion with manure
Tao ZhangTohoku University
15:40 ~ 15:50 Coffee break

Session IV Wastewater treatment
15:50 ~ 16:20 Quantitation of pharmaceutical and personal care products in Malaysian
sewage effluent
Ee Ling Yong
University Teknologi Malaysia
16:20 ~ 16:50 An integrated two‐stage anaerobic‐aerobic bioreactor for the treatmentof raw palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Khairunnisa Abdul Halim
University Teknologi Malaysia
16:50 ~ 17:10 The performance of biotrickling tower for nitrogen removal fromwastewater
Yan GuoTohoku University

P5

17:10 ~ 17:30 The experimental research in water quality control of seawater
recirculating aquaculture system (SRAS) using embedded immobilized
microorganism pellets
Bo Jiang
Tohoku University
17:30 ~ 17:50 Performance of an Anammox attached film expanded bed reactor
Yanlong Zhang
Tohoku University
18:00 ~ 20:00 Closing speech
Dinner party

Saturday, 03 Dec 2016
Lab visiting, free communication and discussion

P6

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Figure 3: Projection temperature in Namsane River Basin

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Figure 4: Future Trend od Rainfall in Namsane River Basin

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Figure 7:Projection trend temperature in Namxong River Basin

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Figure 8: Trend rainfall in Namxong River Basin

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The 4th International Symposium on Water Environment Systems----- with Perspective of Global Safetystrd(December 1 -3 , 2016)

G-Safety
Tohoku University

The Effects of HRT on the Performances of Hollow Fiber Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor in
Treating Food Waste○Hui CHENG1, Yutaka HIRO1, Yu-You LI1*
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Miyagi
980-8579, Japan*

E-mail: cheng.hui.t7@dc.tohoku.ac.jp

Abstract
The characteristics of methane fermentation in a hollow fiber anaerobic membrane bioreactor (HF-AnMBR) fed
with food waste were investigated at mesophilic condition. The HF-AnMBR was operated at three different
hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30, 15 and 10 days. The CH 4 rich biogas production was significantly improvedby shortening HRT. Biogas production increased from 19.6 L/d to 54.0 L/d with the decrease of HRT. The
maximum methane yield was 3.60 L/L-Bioreactor/d at an HRT of 10 days. The total carbohydrate degradation
was more than 83.5% throughout the experimental runs. Continuous CH 4 rich biogas production from food waste
was successfully sustained. The HF –AnMBR showed CH4 production capacity at the short HRT due to its higher
cell retention.

Keywords: food wastes, hollow fiber anaerobic membrane bioreactor, methane fermentation, mass balance

1. Introduction
In Japan, about 298 million tons of industrial wastes areproduced every year, 6.7% of which are food wastes. Most
food wastes are generated by food manufacture andrestaurants, and unsold food and lunch boxes at supermarkets
and convenient stores are also included. Such large amountof food waste has not only caused major economic losses but
also wreaked significant harm on climate, water, land andbiodiversity. Anaerobic digestion of food waste are the best
option for producing CH4 and reducing environmental
pollutants, especially COx, CnHm and SOx during gasification.
The most recent development in biogas production is theincorporation of anaerobic bioprocesses with membrane
separation techniques in a membrane bioreactor. In thefermentation process, the membrane provides for excellent
metabolites/suspended solids separation
efficiency,
reflecting the AnMBR’s higher biogas recovery efficiency
and cell retention compared with conventional CSTRs.
However, continuous methane fermentation HF-AnMBR
with different HRT has yet to be reported. Therefore, theobjective of this study was to present the performances of
HF-AnMBR in treating food waste and mainly illustrate theeffects of HRT on this process.

As shown in Fig.1, the system mainly consisted of a
substrate tank and an AnMBR. AnMBR was combined by a
15 L CSTR and a 5 L hollow fiber membrane reactor. The
effective volumes of two parts were 12L and 3 L, respectively
and operational temperature was maintained at 37 ℃ byheater.
Thematerialofmembranewaspolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with a mean pore 0.2 μm
and the effective filtration area was 0.1m2. Three peristaltic
pumps were used to feed substrate to CSTR, to recycle mixed
sludge from CSTR to membrane separation unit, and to
extract permeate from the membrane. A gas pump was used
to recirculate biogas from the head space of CSTR into thebiogas diffuser which was located at the bottom of themembrane unit for scouring membranes. A gas meter wasused for recording the biogas production.
2.3 Analysis Methods
Biogas production was recorded by a wet gas meter, andthe compositions of biogas (CH4, CO2 and N2) were
measured by a ShimadzuGC-8A gas chromatograph. The pH,
alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand, TS, VS, SS and VSS

2. Materials and Methods
2.1 Substrate and seed sludge
Seed sludge was obtained from a mesophilic sewage
sludge digester at the Sendai municipal sewage treatment
plant in Sendai. Substrate (food waste slurry) was artificialorganic fraction of municipal solid waste consisting of a great
variety of grains, vegetables, meats and fishes. As shown in
Fig.1 food waste was loaded into the bioreactor after
mechanical pretreatment using a circulation pump. Foodwaste slurry (45g/L, total solid) was prepared by crushingwith a cutting pump and dilution with tap water. The
characteristics of substrate was listed in Table 1.
2.2 HF-AnMBR system design and operation

23

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus
for HF-AnMBRG-Safety

The 4th International Symposium on Water Environment Systems----- with Perspective of Global Safety(December 1st-3rd, 2016)

Tohoku University

were measured according to Japan Standard Testing Method
for wastewater.
Table 1 Characteristics of the substrate.

3 Results and discussion
3.1 The operation performance of HF-AnMBRAs shown in Fig. 2, the pH in the HF-AnMBR kept within
the range of 7.1- 7.6 throughout the time course. Under HRT
of 30 days, average biogas production rate was 1.31 L/Lbioreactor/d. When HRT decreased to 15 days by doubling
the volume of influent, the biogas production increased
sharply to 2.42 L/ L-bioreactor/d. After a slight fluctuation at
the beginning of HRT of 30 days, the biogas composition
maintained at a stable level, which were 61% of CH4 and 38%
of CO2. When HRT decreased to 10 days, biogas production
rate increased to 3.60 L/ L-bioreactor/d.
When HRT was 30 days, TS and SS concentration inbioreactor increased from 12.0 to 18.0 g/L, and 8.25 to14.9
g/L, respectively. The relaxing membrane pressure
maintained around 1.54 kPa, and the transmembrane pressure
also maintained at a low level about 6.38 kPa. As HRT
changed to 15 days, TS and SS concentration increased
steadily for the first 10 days, and then increased sharply to
31.7 g/L and 27.6 g/L, whereas, the relaxing membranepressure increased gradually to 2.30 kPa for the whole stage.
Transmembrane pressure kept at 8.25 kPa for the first 10 days,
and then it increased sharply to 16.1 kPa, which was mainly
caused by the high concentration of TS in the reactor. So after,
organic retention time was set to 30 days, in order to keep theappropriate TS in the reactor and stop membrane pollution.
Permeate COD almost had no change with the decrease of
HRT, which kept at about 0.33 - g COD/L. COD removal
efficiency of AnMBR in this study was 99.6 %，which wasmuch high than that reported by He et al., who used anaerobic
membrane bioreactor to treat high concentration foodwastewater.
The soluble COD in food waste slurry accounted for 43.5%.
COD input for 100 %, 91.3 % of COD was recovered asmethane, 9.70 % was converted to sludge. However, with thedecrease of HRT, CH4 recovery efficiency decreased to84.8% a little less than that of 30 days. The reason was that
more COD input covered to sludge, which was attributed tolower TS degradation rate in the reactor.

Parameters

Unit

Value

Total solids

g/L

45±6.1Volatile solids

g/L

43±5.4

Total COD

g/L

74±5.6

Soluble COD

g/L

29±5.0Total carbohydrateg/L

23±2.6

Soluble carbohydrate

g/L

5.2±0.7

Total proteing/L

12±3.3

Soluble proteing/L

2.2±0.3

Total nitrogen

mg/L

22±4.0

4. Conclusion(1)After HF-AnMBR, the COD concentration was only
0.33 - g COD/L in the effluent and HRT had almost no effects
on the quality of effluent.
(2) HF-AnMBR was successfully operated at highconcentration of TS and SS, as much as to 31.7 g/L and 27.6
g/L, respectively.
(3) The input COD was converted to 91.3% ,85.1% and84.8% of methane, at HRT of 30 days, 15 days, and 10 days
respectively.
(4) AnMBR operated well for more than 160 days without
membrane cleaning, and permeability was recovered bybiogas scouring.

5. Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank China Scholarship Council
for the fund supporting her study in Japan (FileNO.201508370100)

24

Fig. 2 Time courses of methane fermentation system'Ͳ^ĂĨĞƚǇdŚĞϰƚŚ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů^ǇŵƉŽƐŝƵŵŽŶtĂƚĞƌŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ^ǇƐƚĞŵƐͲͲͲͲͲǁŝƚŚWĞƌƐƉĞĐƚŝǀĞŽĨ'ůŽďĂů^ĂĨĞƚǇ    ;ĞĐĞŵďĞƌϭƐƚͲϯƌĚ͕ϮϬϭϲͿ

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