WIDE Technical-Report in 2014

合宿ネットワークにおける IPv6
only 化実験
wide-tr-camp1409-v6-experiment-00.pdf

PROJECT

WIDE Project : http://www.wide.ad.jp/

If you have any comments on WIDE documents, please contact toboard@wide.ad.jp

Title:Author(s):Date:

合宿ネットワークにおける IPv6 only 化実験櫨 山 寛 章(hiroa-ha@is.naist.jp),
田 川 真 樹(tagawa.masaki.td4@is.naist.jp),
石 原 知 洋(sho@c.utokyo.ac.jp), 垣内正年 (masato@itc.naist.jp)
2014-09-23߹॓ωοτϫʔΫʹ͓͚Δ IPv6 only Խ࣮‫ݧ‬഻ࢁ ‫׮‬ষ (hiroa-ha@is.naist.jp)
ా઒ ਅथ (tagawa.masaki.td4@is.naist.jp)ੴ‫ ݪ‬஌༸ (sho@c.u-tokyo.ac.jp)֞಺ ਖ਼೥ (masato@itc.naist.jp)

2014 ೥ 9 ݄ 19 ೔

1

͸͡Ίʹ

Ͱ͸ɼIPv4 over IPv6 ٕज़ͷҰͭͰ͋Δ murakami-

4RD [2] ʹΑΔ IPv4 ͷఏ‫ڙ‬΋ߦͬͨɽ࣮‫ݧ‬Λ௨ͯ͠ɼ

World IPv6 dayɼWorld IPv6 Launch ͳͲΛ௨ͯ͠ɼੈքతʹ঎༻ϕʔεͰͷ IPv6 σϓϩΠϝϯτͷ

IPv4/IPv6 Ҡߦ‫͚͓ʹظ‬ΔΧϓηϧɾΞυϨεม‫ٕ׵‬ज़ͷ࣮૷্ɼӡ༻্ͷ՝୊΋ු͔ͼ্͕ͬͨɽWIDE ߹॓೾͕͕Ճ଎͍ͯ͠Δ͕ IPv6 ͷී‫ٴ‬͸͍·ͩ 6 ˋఔ౓Ͱͷ murakami-4RD ͷ࣮‫ݧ‬ͷ‫ޙ‬ɼIETF softwire WG

Ͱ͋Δɽ೔ຊͰ΋ 2011 ೥ 5 ݄લ‫͔ޙ‬ΒϗʔϜϢʔβ޲ʹͯ MAP-E ͱ໊শΛม͑ɼMAP-E ͱͯ͠ JANOG͚ͷ঎༻ IPv6 ωοτϫʔΫαʔϏε͕։࢝͞Ε͍ͯ΍ Interop Tokyo ͳͲͰͷ૬‫઀ޓ‬ଓࢼ‫ߦ͕ݧ‬ΘΕͨɽ·Δ͕ɼϗʔϜϢʔβ޲͚ IPv6 αʔϏε͸ IPv4 αʔͨɼ2014 ೥ 9 ݄‫Ͱࡏݱ‬͸ MAP-E ʹؔ͢ΔΠϯλʔωοϏεͷΦϓγϣϯɼ·ͨ͸ IPv4/IPv6 σϡΞϧελο

τυϥϑτ͸ RFC ͱͯ͠ൃߦΛ଴ͭஈ֊ʢPublicationΫͰఏ‫͞ڙ‬ΕΔ৔߹͕ଟ͍ɽ·ͨɼଟ͘ͷ঎༻ OS ΍

Requestedʣͷεςʔλεʹͳ͓ͬͯΓ [3]ɼҰ෦ͷ঎༻ϧʔλͰ͸͢Ͱʹ MAP-E ͕ར༻Ͱ͖Δɽ

঎༻σόΠεͷ‫ج‬ຊઃఆ͕ IPv4/IPv6 σϡΞϧελο
ΫΛલఏͱ͍ͯ͠Δɽ

2011 ೥ 9 ݄ͷ WIDE ‫ڀݚ‬ձҎ߱ɼ2013 ೥ 3 ݄

2011 ೥ 9 ݄ͷ WIDE ϓϩδΣΫτ‫ڀݚ‬ձͰ࣮ࢪ͠
࣮ͨ‫Ͱݧ‬͸ɼDNS64, NAT64, DHCPv6 Ͱ‫ج‬ຊతʹߏͷ WIDE ϓϩδΣΫτͷ‫ڀݚ‬ձͷ࣮‫ݧ‬ωοτϫʔங͞Εͨ IPv6 ΞυϨεͷΈఏ‫͞ڙ‬ΕΔΞΫηεωοτϫʔΫʢIPv6 only ωοτϫʔΫʣΛߏங͠ɼͲͷఔ౓

DNS64/NAT64 ͷ‫ূݕ‬Λຖճ࣮ࢪ͍ͯ͠ΔɽͦΕΒͷ࣮‫݁ݧ‬ՌͷҰ෦͸ಸྑઌ୺Պֶٕज़େֶӃେֶͷͷ‫ڀݚ‬ձࢀՃऀ͕ IPv6 only ωοτϫʔΫͷΈͰ “ੜGeorgescu ΒʹΑΔ 464 ٕज़‫ূݕ‬ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷ

Ϋ·ͰɼΦʔϓϯιʔεʹΑΔ 464 ٕज़ͷ‫ূݕ‬΍‫͖Ͱ ”׆‬Δͷ͔Λௐࠪͨ͠ [1]ɽ࣮‫݁ݧ‬Ռͱͯ͠ɼIPv6

ఏҊͱ࣮ફతධՁ [4] ΍ɼlive-with-ipv6 WG ͷ୲౰

only ωοτϫʔΫͷΈΛར༻͠ଓ͚ͨ‫ڀݚ‬ձࢀՃऀ͸ϘʔυͰ͋Δ‫ܚ‬Ԡٛक़େֶͷதଜ म ‫ڭ‬तΒʹΑΔ

20 ໊ఔ౓Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ‫ ͍ݹ‬OS ͷར༻ऀ΄Ͳ IPv6 only

DNS64/NAT64 ‫ڥ؀‬ԼͰ IPv4 Address Literal Λѻ͏ͨΊͷಛघͳ DNS ʹؔ͢ΔΠϯλʔωοτυϥϑ

ωοτϫʔΫ޲͚ͷઃఆʹखಈରԠ͕ඞཁͰ͋Γɼٕज़ऀͰ͸ͳ͍ࢀՃऀ͸ࣗಈઃఆ͕ߦΘΕΔ IPv4 ωοτ [5] ͱͯ͠ൃද͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯΔɽ

τϫʔΫͷఏ‫ڙ‬Λ‫ر͘ڧ‬๬͍ͯͨ͠ɽ

͜ΕΒͷա‫ ڈ‬3 ೥ؒͷ࣮‫ݧ‬੒Ռͱ੒Ռల։Λ౿·͑ɼ

·ͨɼIPv6 ͷࣗಈઃఆ‫ػ‬ೳΛอ͍࣋ͯ͠Δ৽͍͠

DNS64/NAT64 Λ༻͍ͨωοτϫʔΫߏஙํ๏ͷࢀরOS ͷར༻ऀͰ͋ͬͯ΋ɼVPN ΍Ի੠νϟοτͳͲɼख๏Λ·ͱΊΔ͜ͱΛ໨తͱ͠ɼ2014 ೥ 9 ݄ͷ WIDE

IPv6 ʹରԠ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ΍ϝʔϧαʔόͳͲΛར༻͢ΔͨΊʹɼIPv4 ͷఏ‫ڙ‬Λ‫ر‬๬͢Δͱ

‫ڀݚ‬ձͷ߹॓ωοτϫʔΫνʔϜͰ͸ɼ2011 ೥ 9 ݄ͷ

WIDE ‫ڀݚ‬ձͱಉ༷ͷӡ༻ํ਑Ͱ IPv6 only ‫ڥ؀‬Λ͍͏ͷ͕‫ͨͬ͋Ͱ࣮ݱ‬ɽ·ͨɼAndroid ͳͲɼOS ʹఏ‫͠ڙ‬ɼIPv6 ରԠ΍ HappyEyeball ͷ‫ڍ‬ಈͷ೺ѲͱΑͬͯ͸ IPv4 ͷΞυϨεׂΓ౰͕ͯͳ͍ͱແઢ LAN

2011 ೥ 3 ݄͔Βͷ 3 ೥ؒͰͷࠩ෼ͷચ͍ग़͠ͷղੳ઀ଓΛ։࢝͠ͳ͔ͬͨΓɼDNS ΫΤϦΛ IPv4 ύέοʹॏ఺Λஔ͍ͯωοτϫʔΫΛઃ‫ܭ‬ӡ༻͢Δ͜ͱͱ͠τͰ͔͠ૹ৴Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͳͲͷ OS ଆͰͷ IPv6 ରԠԽͨɽ۩ମతʹ͸ɼlive-with-ipv6 WG ͱ NTT Advancedͷ஗Ε΋֬ೝͰ͖ͨɽ

TechnologyʢNTT-ATʣͷ‫ʹྗڠ‬ΑΓ ঎༻Ծ૝ϧʔλɼ2011 ೥ 9 ݄ͷ WIDE ϓϩδΣΫτ‫ڀݚ‬ձͷ࣮‫ݧ‬঎༻Ծ૝ΞϓϥΠΞϯεΛ༻͍ͨ DNS64/NAT64 ‫ڥ؀‬

1

WIDECAMP1409
L2 rev10

2014. 9. 7 rev.10

bigip

WIDE CAMP 1409 (L3)

onu

LA

NAIST B108

Allide telesis

Hitachi cable
1

1

4

2

mirror

11 110-1
4

13 110-1
4intertrackpoe-01

ap-06

ap-01

ap-08
ap-07

ap-02

IPStarbigip
203.178.156.80/28

v200 flets-

rtr-seil

IPSTAR

IIJ＊hoge は Flets の DHCP-PD から割り当てられるプレフィックス

Aruba

1

100,110sor

オリオスペック
109172.16.10.0/24 2409:12:6080:110::/64
172.16.11.0/24

300

poe-03ads

mac pro

8
7

300

ap-09

<<300 ~ 399 server>>300 server

172.16.30.0/24 2409:12:6080:130::/64<<700 ~ 799 life>>
700 life-nat64
710 life-nat64-1x
720 life-nat64-sunset4
730 life-lastresort
790 life-lastresort

172.16.70.0/24 2409:12:6080:170::/64
172.16.71.0/24 2409:12:6080:171::/64
2409:12:6080:172::/64
172.16.73.0/24
172.16.79.0/24<<800 ~ 899>>
890 NAIST-CAMP

aruba-ctl
012Panasonic

172.16.0.0/12<<100 ~ 199 mgmt>>
100 mgmt
110 mgmt-aruba

210 ipstar-nat44

modem.ipstar

11

sw-eside
VLAN ID(NAME)<<200 ~ 299 bb>>

hoge:ff70::/64
hoge:ff71::/64
hoge:ff72::/64
-

cisco

poe-02700,710,720,790
ap-03

natpoolMatsusiro
Royal Hotelsw-noc

NAIST A308

NAIST

N1
LA

1

100,110,200,210

100,110,200

dns64

nat64-pf
203.178.156.64/28

172.16.70.0/24
172.16.71.0/24
172.16.79.0/24

peerup

N0

00,
0,3 0
9
,11
100 ,720,7
700

3

1
30 00,1
0,7 1000 ,20,7 0,2
20 1
,7 0,
90

hoge:ff30::/64

IIJ

IPStarsw-plenary

sw-bof4

172.16.30.0/24

ap

11
-1

hoge:ff10::/64
hoge:ff11::/64-

server200

juniper6.nara4

172.16.10.0/24
172.16.11.0/24-

poepeerappnat64-pf-1<< 100 〜 199 mgmt>>
100 : mgmt
110 : mgmt-aruba<< 200 〜 299 bb >>200 : flets
210 : ipstar-nat44<< 300 〜 399 server >>300 : server<< 700 〜 799 life >>700 : life-nat64
710 : life-nat64-1x
720 : life-nat64-sunset4
790 : life-lastresort

hoge:ﬀ00::/56

KIC

controller

router11

IPv6 Prefix

172.16.0.0/16

IIJ

balancer

IIJ

dns-auth

IPv4 Prefix

IPStar

rtr-seilInternet
VLAN ID (NAME)

switchonu

WIDE BB
Dojima

ap-10

ap-12
ap-11

kato-lab65300

poe-04

icoca
Intel
ap-13

203.178.156.0/22

ap-14

ap-17
ap-15

14

all

v210 ipstar-nat44-

ਤ 2: ߹॓ωοτϫʔΫʢϨΠϠ 1, 2 τϙϩδʔʣv300 server-172.16.30.0/24, hoge:ff30::/64v700 life-net64

aruba-172.16.70.0/24, hoge:ff70::/64

2.1v710 life-nat64-1x-172.16.71.0/24, hoge:ff71::/64

ϨΠϠ 3 ߏ੒v790 life-lastresort-172.16.79.0/24

ਤ 1 ͸߹॓ωοτϫʔΫͷϨΠϠ 3 τϙϩδʔͰ͋v100 mgmt-172.16.10.0/24, hoge:ff10::/64Δɽϧʔλ͸ 1 ͭͰɼωοτϫʔΫ͝ͱʹ VLAN Λ෼

v720 life-nat64-sunset4-hoge:ff72::/64

ׂͨ͠খ‫ن‬໛ΦϑΟεͷߏ੒Ͱ͋Δɽϧʔλʹ͸ IIJ

JSAT
ap 01-14v110 mgmt-aruba

SEIL Λ༻͍ɼϑϨοπճઢͷ IPoE ઀ଓͱ IIJ ͔Βͷ
DHCP-PD client ͱͯ͠/56 ͷ IPv6 ΞυϨε޿ใΛ

-172.16.11.0/24, hoge:ff11::/64

Kobe Instituteof Computingड͚ɼϑϨοπճઢͷ IPv4 PPPoE ઀ଓͱ NAT44 Λߏஙͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼIPStar ʹΑΔ IPv4 ωοτϫʔΫ΋ผ్ߏஙͨ͠ɽ

ਤ 1: ߹॓ωοτϫʔΫʢϨΠϠ 3 τϙϩδʔʣ

Aruba ʹΑͬͯ SSID ͸࣍ͷ 5 ͭΛແઢ LAN ্Ͱ޿ใͨ͠ɿΛఏ‫ ͠ڙ‬HappyEyeball ରࡦͰ͋Δ A Record Filter [6]ͷ঎༻ΞϓϥΠΞϯεͰͷ࣮૷ํ๏΍ͦͷ༗ޮੑͷ‫ݕ‬• camp1409-nat64 : DNS64/NAT64 ͷ‫ج‬ຊ‫ڥ؀‬ɽূɼ՝୊ͷચ͍ग़͠Λߦͬͨɽ·ͨɼNTT-AT ͷ‫ྗڠ‬

2 ೔໨Ҏ߱͸ hidden ʹઃఆɽʹΑΓɼIPv6 όοΫϘʔϯͰͷίϯςϯπΩϟογϡ
૷ஔͷಈ࡞‫ূݕ‬΋࣮ࢪͨ͠ɽ

• camp1409-nat64-1x : DNS64/NAT64 ͷ‫ج‬ຊ͞Βʹɼ2011 ೥ 9 ݄ͷ WIDE ‫ڀݚ‬ձωοτϫʔΫͱ‫ ʹڥ؀‬802.1x ূ໌ॻೝূΛՃ͑ͨ‫ڥ؀‬ಉ༷ʹɼwlanops WG ͱ‫ ͠ྗڠ‬802.1x ೝূʹΑΔແ

• camp1409-nat64-sunset4 : DNS64/NAT64ͷ‫ج‬ຊ‫ ʹڥ؀‬ProxyARP ʹΑΔ sunset4 ‫ূݕ‬Λઢ LAN ೝূͷσόΠεରԠͷঢ়‫گ‬ͷ೺Ѳ΍ઃఆɼӡ༻஌‫ݟ‬ͷऩू࣮‫ݧ‬΋ฏߦ࣮ͯ͠ࢪͨ͠ɽҎ߱ɼຊߘͰ

࣮ࢪͨ͠‫ڥ؀‬͸ɼlive-with-ipv6 WG ΒʹΑΔ DNS64/NAT64 ‫ڥ؀‬ͷߏஙख๏ͱ‫ݧ࣮ূݕ‬ͷৄࡉʹ͍ͭͯใࠂ͢Δɽ

• camp1409-ipstar : IPStar ʹΑΔߴ஗Ԇ IPv4
only ωοτϫʔΫ

2߹॓ωοτϫʔΫͷ‫ج‬ຊߏ੒৘ใ

• camp1409-lastresort : SEIL ͷ IPv4 PPPoE
઀ଓͱ NAT44 ઃఆʹΑΔ௿஗Ԇ IPv4 only ωοτϫʔΫɽhidden ʹઃఆ͠ɼIPv4 ઀ଓͷཁ๬ͷ͋ͬͨϢʔβ΁ͷ‫ޱ‬಄Ͱͷ௨஌ͱɼΞϯέʔτϖʔδʹͷΈެ։ɽ

2

2.2

ϨΠϠ 1ɼϨΠϠ 2 ߏ੒

IPv4:53
SE
SEI
SEIL
EI
I
IL
䠄F
Fo
orwarder)ਤ 2 ͸ɼ‫ثػ‬ͷ઀ଓਤͱ VLAN ߏ੒ਤͰ͋Δɽ͜

IPv6:53
IPv6:53͜Ͱ͸ɼIPv6 ࣮‫ؔʹݧ‬࿈͢Δ΋ͷ͚ͩ঺հ͢Δɽ
IPv6:53

Cliant

DNS64ɼNAT64 ͸ࠓճɼύϒϦοΫ DNS64/NAT64αʔϏεΛ૝ఆ͠ɼWIDE Nara NOC ʹઃஔͨ͠ɽ

IPv4 (DHCP4)
IPv6 (RA + DHCP6)

Φʔϓϯιʔε࣮૷ͱͯ͠ BIND Λ༻͍ͨ‫ݖ‬Җαʔόɼ

BI
BIG
IGI
G-IP
IP
(DNS64)

IPv6:53

NAIST
DNS

IPv6 only backbone

DNS64 αʔόɼDNS A Record Filter αʔόͷ 3 छྨ
ͱ KVM ͷԾ૝Ϛγϯͱͯ͠༻ҙ͠ɼNAT64 ͱͯ͠ਤ 3: DNS ΫΤϦͷμΠΞάϥϜʢύλʔϯ 1ʣ

OpenBSD Packet Filter ͷԾ૝ϚγϯΛ༻ҙͨ͠ɽ·

1: when DNS_RESPONSE {2:
set prefix "2001:200:0:ff00:64:1:"
3:
set rrs [DNS::answer]
4:if { [DNS::question type] equals "ANY" } {5:foreach rr $rrs {6:if { [DNS::type $rr] equals "A" } {7:log local0. "A Record is \[ $rr \]"8:
set a_addr [getfield $rr "A" 2]
9:
DNS::answer remove $rr
10:
DNS::answer insert "[DNS::question name]. 111[DNS::question class] AAAA $prefix[format %02x
[lindex [split $a_addr .] 0]][format %02x
[lindex [split $a_addr .] 1]]:[format %02x
[lindex [split $a_addr .] 2]][format %02x
[lindex [split $a_addr .] 3]]"
11:
}
12:
}
13: }

ͨɼNTT-AT ͷ‫ʹྗڠ‬ΑΓɼBIG-IP LTM/GTM Vir-tual Edition on KVM Hypervisor Λ DNS64/NAT64
ͱͯ͠༻ҙͨ͠ɽ‫ج‬ຊతʹ͸߹॓‫ؒظ‬த͸ BIG-IP Λ
DNS64/NAT64 Λར༻ͨ͠ɽ
PeerApp ͷ UltraBand ͸ SEIL ͷ্ྲྀʹಁա‫ܕ‬ίϯςϯπΩϟογϡͱͯ͠ઃஔͨ͠ɽVLAN ͱͯ͠͸

ONU ͱ SEIL ͷؒͷ VLAN 200 ʹ‫ڬ‬ΈࠐΈɼ෺ཧతʹ͸ sw-nocʢcisco catalyst 3750ʣͱ SEIL ͷؒʹ‫ڬ‬Έ͜Μͩɽ·ͨɼSEIL Ͱ͸ DHCP4, DHCP6, DNS

ਤ 4: BIG-IP iRule Λ༻͍ͨ A Record Filter (rev.0)

Forwarder ͷઃఆΛߦͬͨ. ଞɼicoca Λ NTP αʔ
ό΍ SYSLOG αʔόɼBIND ʹΑΔ DNS forwarder

DNS64/NAT64 ‫ڥ؀‬ͷߏஙख๏ͱͦͷ‫ূݕ‬3ͷόοΫΞοϓɼSNMP ʹΑΔ‫ܭ‬ଌαʔόͳͲͱͯ͠
ར༻ͨ͠ɽ߹॓஍ͷαʔόʹ͸‫ج‬ຊతʹ͸ IIJ ͔Β

delegate ͞Εͨ IPv6 ʹΑͬͯάϩʔόϧΞΫηεΛ
ઃఆ͠ɼϢʔβ͔Β͸ DNS ͷ໊લղܾʹΑͬͯΞΫ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼBIG-IP Λ༻͍ͨ DNS64/NAT64 ͱ BIG-

IP Ͱͷ A Record Filter ͷ࣮૷ํ๏ͷ‫ূݕ‬Λ࣮ࢪͨ͠ɽ

ηε͢Δ͜ͱΛਪ঑ͨ͠ɽ

camp1409-lastresort (vlan 730,790) Ҏ֎ͷ IPv4 ϓϥΠϕʔτΞυϨε͸ɼϩʔΧϧαϒωοτʹด͡ɼ

3.1‫ج‬ຊతʹάϩʔόϧΞΫηεͷͳ͍‫͋Ͱڥ؀‬ΔɽΞΫߏஙख๏ͦͷ 1ηεଆͷ VLAN Ͱ͸ɼSEIL ͕ DNS forwarder ͱ͠·ͣ͸ɼbind Ͱͷ A Record Filter ύονͷ‫ڍ‬ಈΛͯ DHCP4 Ͱ޿ใ͞Εɼ໊લղܾͷΈ IPv4 Ͱ΋࣮ࢪ΋ͱʹ͠ͳ͕ΒɼBIG-IP ͷ A Record Filter Ͱͷ࣮Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹઃఆͨ͠ɽ

૷ํ๏ͱɼͦͷޮՌΛ‫͢ূݕ‬Δ͜ͱΛओ‫ͯ͠ͱ؟‬ɼ࣮‫ݧ‬Λߦͬͨɽ

·ͨɼSEIL ͷ࢓༷ʹΑΓ default gateway Λ޿ใ͠ͳ͍‫ Ͱࣜܗ‬DHCP4 ΛઃఆͰ͖ͳ͔ͬͨͨΊɼ౸ୡੑͷͳ͍ IPv4 ΞυϨεʢ1.1.1.1 ΍ 192.0.2.1ɼDHCP4 Ͱ

3.1.1

ߏ੒

഑෍͢ΔαϒωοτͰͷϗετʹׂΓ౰ͯͳ͍ΞυϨεʣΛ‫ڥ؀ূݕ‬ͷमਖ਼΍Ϣʔβ͔ΒͷมߋґཔʢVPN
ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ར༻͢ΔΞυϨεͱিಥ͢ΔͳͲʣʹΑΓɼదٓมߋ͠ͳ͕Βઃఆͨ͠ɽ

ਤ 3 ͕ύλʔϯ 1 ͷߏ੒ਤͰ͋Δɽύλʔϯ 1 Ͱ
͸ IPv4 ͷ DNS ΫΤϦ͸ SEIL ʹΑΔ DNS fowarder3

1: when DNS_RESPONSE {2:
set prefix "2001:200:0:ff00:64:1:"
3:
set rrs [DNS::answer]
4:if { [DNS::question type] equals "ANY" } {5:foreach rr $rrs {6:if { [DNS::type $rr] equals "A" } {7:log local0. "A Record is \[ $rr \]"8:
set a_addr [getfield $rr "A" 2]
9:
DNS::answer remove $rr
10:
DNS::answer insert "[DNS::question name]. 111[DNS::question class] AAAA $prefix[format %02x
[lindex [split $a_addr .] 0]][format %02x
[lindex [split $a_addr .] 1]]:[format %02x
[lindex [split $a_addr .] 2]][format %02x
[lindex [split $a_addr .] 3]]"11:
} elseif { [DNS::question type] equals "A" } {12:log local0. "A Record \[ $rrs \] is DELETED.ʠ
DNS::answer clear
13:
}
14:
}
15: }

;; QUESTION SECTION:;www.ntt-at.co.jp. IN ANY;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.ntt-at.co.jp. 47488 IN A 114.179.21.42

ਤ 5: A Record Filter ద༻લͷ DNS Response;; QUESTION SECTION:;www.ntt-at.co.jp. IN ANY;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.ntt-at.co.jp. 111 IN AAAA 2001:200:0:ff00:64:1:72b3:152a

ਤ 6: A Record Filter ద༻‫ޙ‬ͷ DNS Response‫ػ‬ೳͰ஥հ͠ɼIPv6 ʹΑΔ DNS ΫΤϦ͸௚઀ BIG-ਤ 7: BIG-IP iRule Λ༻͍ͨ A Record Filter (rev.1)

IP ʹΑΔ DNS64 Λࢀর͢ΔΑ͏ʹ SEIL ͷ Stateless
DHCP6 ‫ػ‬ೳͰΫϥΠΞϯτʹ௨஌͢Δ‫ࣜܗ‬Λͱͬͨɽ

C:\bind>dig @BIG-IP.naist.camp.wide.ad.jp www.ntt-at.co.jp a; <<>> DiG 9.8.7-W1 <<>> @BIG-IP.naist.camp.wide.ad.jp www.ntt-at.co.jp a; (1 server found);; global options: +cmd;; Got answer:;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 59729;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0;; QUESTION SECTION:;www.ntt-at.co.jp. IN A;; Query time: 23 msec;; SERVER: 2001:200:0:ff00::16#53(2001:200:0:ff00::16);; WHEN: Wed Sep 10 23:10:13 ౦‫( ژ‬ඪ४࣌) 2014;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 34

BIG-IP ͷ iRule Λ༻͍ͯ A Record Filter Λ࣮૷͢Δʹ͋ͨΓɼਤ 4 ͷΑ͏ͳɼANY ΫΤϦʹ‫·ؚ‬Ε
Δ A Ϩίʔυͷ݁ՌΛ mapped address ʹม‫͢׵‬ΔεΫϦϓτΛ࣮૷ͨ͠ɽ͜ͷ A Record Filter ద༻લͷ

DNS Response ͸ਤ 5 ͷΑ͏ʹͳΓɼA Record FilterΛద༻͢Δͱਤ 6 ͷΑ͏ʹ mapped IPv6 ʹม‫ͨ͠׵‬ਤ 8: A Record Filter rev.1 ద༻‫ޙ‬ͷ DNS Response

AAAA ͱͯ͠ฦ͢Α͏ʹ iRule Λ࣮૷ͨ͠ɽ
࣍ʹɼਤ 4 ͷϑΟϧλͰ͸ɼquestion type A Ͱ DNS

3.2

ΫΤϦ͕ൃߦ͞Ε͍ͯͨ৔߹ɼͦͷ··ΫϥΠΞϯτʹ

ߏஙख๏ͦͷ 2

A ϨίʔυΛฦͯ͠͠·͏ɽͦͷͨΊɼquestion typeύλʔϯ 1 Ͱ֬ೝ͞ΕͨɼSEIL ͷ ParseError ΍

A ͷϑΟϧλϦϯάΛߦ͏ϑΟϧλͱͯ͠ਤ 7 ʹࣔ͢

SERVFAIL ʹॻ͖‫͑׵‬Δ໰୊ͷ੾Γ෼͚Λߦ͏ͨΊʹɼύλʔϯ 2 Ͱ͸ bind Ͱͷ DNS forwarder ʹೖΕiRule ΋࣮૷ͨ͠ɽ͜ͷվྑ൛ A Record Filter ͷద༻݁Ռ͸ਤ 8 ͷΑ͏ʹͳΔɽ

3.1.2

ସ͑ͯ‫ڍ‬ಈΛ֬ೝͯ͠ΈΔ͜ͱʹͨ͠ɽ

3.2.1‫݁ূݕ‬Ռ

ߏ੒‫ͯ͠ͱূݕ‬ਤ 7 ͷ A Record Filter ͷঢ়ଶͰਖ਼ৗʹΠϯλʔωοτΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ར༻Ͱ͖Δ͔ͷௐࠪΛ

ਤ 9 ͕ύλʔϯ 2 ͷߏ੒ਤͰ͋Δɽύλʔϯ 1 ͷߦͬͨɽ‫ূݕ‬ͷ݁ՌɼFacebook ͷը૾͕औಘग़དྷͳ͍

ߏ੒Ͱ SEIL Ͱൃੜ͢Δ FormError ΍ SERVFAIL ͕໰୊͕ൃੜͨ͠ɽBIG-IP ͷϩάͳͲΛղੳͨ݁͠Ռɼ

ൃੜ͢Δཧ༝͕ෆ໌ྎͩͬͨͨΊɼ੾Γ෼͚ͱͯ͠ύ[Browser] IPv4:AAAA Query → [BIG-IP] AAAA Re-

λʔϯ 1 ͷ fowarder Λ SEIL ͔Β BIND ʹஔ͖‫͑׵‬ɼ

sponse (Native IPv6 address) → [SEIL] SERVFAILɼ
ͱ SEIL ʹͯ SERVFAIL ʹม‫͞׵‬ΕͯΫϥΠΞϯτ

IPv4, IPv6 ྆ํͷ DNS ΫΤϦΛ BIND ʹ௨͢‫ʹܗ‬มߋͨ͠ɽʹฦ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͨɽSEIL ଆΛ֬ೝ͢Δ
ͱ FormError ͕ग़ྗ͞Ε͍ͯͨɽSERVFAIL ʹஔ͖‫׵‬ΘΔΫΤϦͱͯ͠͸ɼAkamai ͷΩϟογϡαʔόͰ

3.2.2

͋Δ͜ͱ͕֬ೝ͞Εͨɽ‫݁ূݕ‬Ռ

ύλʔϯ 2 Ͱͷ‫ূݕ‬ͷ݁Ռ Windows 7 ୺຤Ͱͷϒϥ΢β (IE11, Chrome) ͕ʮΠϯλʔωοτʹ઀ଓग़དྷͳ
͍ʯͱදࣔ͢Δ໰୊͕ൃੜͨ͠ɽtcpdump ΍ BIG-IPଆͷϩάΛղੳͯ͠ΈΔͱ

4

Cliant

IPv4:53

IPv6:53

IPv6:53

BIND
IPv6:53(Forwarder)

IPv4 (DHCP4)
IPv6 (RA + DHCP6)

IPv6:53

BI
BIG
IGI
G-IP
IP
(DNS64)

IPv6:53

1: when DNS_RESPONSE {2:
set prefix "2001:200:0:ff00:64:1:"
3:
set rrs [DNS::answer]
4:if { [DNS::question type] equals "ANY" } {5:foreach rr $rrs {6:if { [DNS::type $rr] equals "A" } {7:log local0. "A Record is \[ $rr \]"8:
set a_addr [getfield $rr "A" 2]
9:
DNS::answer remove $rr
10:
DNS::answer insert "[DNS::question name]. 111[DNS::question class] AAAA $prefix[format %02x
[lindex [split $a_addr .] 0]][format %02x
[lindex [split $a_addr .] 1]]:[format %02x
[lindex [split $a_addr .] 2]][format %02x
[lindex [split $a_addr .] 3]]"11:
} elseif { [DNS::question type] equals "A" } {12:log local0. "A Record \[ $rrs \] is DELETED.ʠ
13:
DNS::answer clear
14:
DNS::authority clear
14:
}
16:
}
17: }

NAIST
DNS

IPv6 only backbone

ਤ 9: DNS ΫΤϦͷμΠΞάϥϜʢύλʔϯ 2ʣ
IPv4:53

IPv6:53
BIND(Forwarder)

IPv6:53

ਤ 11: BIG-IP iRule Λ༻͍ͨ A Record Filter (rev.2)

IPv6:53

CliantIPv4 (DHCP4)
IPv6 (RA + DHCP6)

BI
BIG
IGI
G-IP
IP
(DNS64)

IPv6:53

NAIST
DNS
C:\bind>dig @BIG-IP.naist.camp.wide.ad.jp www.ntt-at.co.jp a; <<>> DiG 9.8.7-W1 <<>> @BIG-IP.naist.camp.wide.ad.jp www.ntt-at.co.jp a; (1 server found);; global options: +cmd;; Got answer:;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 59729;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0;; QUESTION SECTION:;www.ntt-at.co.jp. IN A;; Query time: 23 msec;; SERVER: 2001:200:0:ff00::16#53(2001:200:0:ff00::16);; WHEN: Wed Sep 10 23:10:13 ౦‫( ژ‬ඪ४࣌) 2014;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 34

IPv6 only backbone

ਤ 10: DNS ΫΤϦͷμΠΞάϥϜʢύλʔϯ 3ʣ

1: [Browser] IPv4:A Query → [BIG-IP] A FilteredResponse → [BIND] SERVFAILਤ 12: A Record Filter rev.2 ద༻‫ޙ‬ͷ DNS Response

2: [Browser] IPv6:A Query → [BIG-IP] A Filteredਤ 10 ͕ύλʔϯ 3 ͷߏ੒ਤͰ͋Δɽͪΐ͏ͲɼύResponse → [BIND] SERVFAILλʔϯ 1 ͷ fowarder Λ SEIL ͔Β BIND ʹஔ͖‫͑׵‬

3: ϒϥ΢βΞΫηεෆՄͨ‫͋Ͱܗ‬Δɽ·ͨɼFormError ΍ SERVFAIL Λ͍ͨͣΒʹൃੜͤ͞ͳ͍Α͏ʹɼਤ 11 ͷΑ͏ʹ A Recordͱ͍͏‫ڍ‬ಈʹͳ͍ͬͯͨɽ·ͨɼ໰୊͕ൃੜ͍ͯ͠ͳ

Filter Ͱ͸ Authority Secition ΛΫϦΞ͢Δϧʔϧʹ͍ύλʔϯ 1 ͷ৔߹΋ղੳͨ݁͠Ռɼ A ΫΤϦ ʹର͠มߋͨ͠ɽAuthoritiy Section ΛθϩΫϦΞ͢Δཧ༝

A Record Filter Λద༻ͨ͠৔߹ɼNOERROR ͕ฦͬ͸ɼ͞·͟·ͳ authoritative DNS ʹର͢ΔΫΤϦΛ

ͯ͘Ε͹ϒϥ΢β͸ AAAA Λ౤͛௚͢ͱ͍͏͜ͱ͕

ղੳͨ݁͠Ռฏ‫ۉ‬తʹ Authoritative section ͕ 0 ͷ൑໌ͨ͠ɽύλʔϯ 2 ͷ‫Ͱڥ؀‬͸ɼBIND ͷ forwarder৔߹ FormError ͕ൃੜ͠ʹ͍͘ͱ͍͏‫ݧܦ‬ଇ͔Β࣮͕ NOERROR ͷ Respose Λ SERVFAIL ʹॻ͖‫͑׵‬

ࢪ͢Δ͜ͱͱͨͨ͠Ίɼ໌֬ͳ࿦‫ڌ‬͸ࠓͷͱ͜Ζͳ͍ɽ

͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕൑໌ͨ͠ɽ

վมͨ͠ A Record Filter ద༻‫ޙ‬ͷ DNS Response ͸ਤ 12 ͷΑ͏ʹͳͬͨɽ

3.3ߏஙख๏ͦͷ 3
3.3.2

ύλʔϯ 2 ͷ‫݁ূݕ‬ՌΛ౿·͑ɼIPv6 ͰͷΫΤϦʹ
ؔͯ͠͸ BIND Λ௨ͣ͞௚઀ BIG-IP ʹΫΤϦΛߦ͏‫ূݕ‬ͷ݁ՌɼWindows 7 ୺຤Ͱϒϥ΢β઀ଓՄೳͱ

ͱԿ͕ൃੜ͢Δͷ͔Λ‫ͨ͠ূݕ‬ɽ

3.3.1‫݁ূݕ‬Ռ

ͳͬͨɽγʔέϯεͱͯ͠͸ɼ

1. [Browser] IPv6:A Query → [BIG-IP] A FilteredResponse → [Browser] Fallbackߏ੒

2. [Browser] IPv6:AAAA Query → [BIG-IP] AAAA
Response5ਤ 10 ͕ࢼߦࡨ‫ޡ‬ͷ݁ՌͨͲΓண͍ͨϫʔΫΞϥ΢ϯ
υΛ૊ΈࠐΜͩɼύλʔϯ 4 ͷߏ੒ਤͰ͋ΔɽFacebook

Ubu
Ubuntuuntu䠄Gateway䠄
Gateway forreeturn
turn I
ICMP
CMP
Protocoll Unreach
ch)

TCP4

App Store ΞϓϦ͕ૹ৴͢ΔύέοτμϯϓΛղੳ
ͨ͠ͱ͜ΖɼARP ͕ఆ‫ظ‬తʹྲྀΕ͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͔Βɼ
ARP ͷλΠϜΞ΢τΛ଴ͪɼIPv6 ʹ fallback ͢Δ

IPv6:53

IPv4:53

BIND(Forwarder)

HappyEyeball ͕ Facebook App Store ΞϓϦ࣮૷͞Ε

IPv6:53
IPv6:53

CliantIPv4 (DHCP4)
IPv6 (RA + DHCP6)

BI
BIG
IGI
G-IP
IP
(DNS64)

IPv6:53͍ͯΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ͱਪఆͨͨ͠ΊɼDHCP4 Ͱ഑෍͢

NAIST
DNS

Δ IPv4 ήʔτ΢ΣΠʢUbunutu 14.4LTS) Ͱ iptablesΛ༻͍ͯϑΟϧλΛద༻͠ ICMP4 type 3 Destination

IPv6 only backbone

Unreachable ϝοηʔδΛ௨ͯ͡౸ୡੑ͕ͳ͍͜ͱΛΫϥΠΞϯτʹ௨஌͢Ε͹ɼIPv6 ʹଈ࠲ʹ fallbackਤ 13: DNS ΫΤϦͷμΠΞάϥϜʢύλʔϯ 4ʣ͢ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ͱ͍͏ਪ࿦ͷ΋ͱɼ‫͢ূݕ‬Δ͜ͱͱͨ͠ɽ

3. ϒϥ΢βΞΫηεՄύλʔϯ 2 Ͱ‫ݟ‬ड͚ΒΕͨ IPv4 Ͱͷ DNS ΫΤϦ

3.4.2

͸ແ͠ͱ͍͏݁Ռʹͳͬͨɽ͜ͷ݁Ռ͔Βɼϒϥ΢β‫݁ূݕ‬Ռ

ICMP4 type 3 Destination Unreachable ϝοηʔ(OS) ͱׂΓ౰ͯΒΕͨ DNS ͷΞυϨεʹΑͬͯ‫ڍ‬ಈ͕ҟͳΔ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ͱͳͬͨɽ

δͷ code Λ৭ʑࢼͨ͠ͱ͜ΖɼҎԼͷ݁Ռͱͳͬͨɽ

·ͨɼmirror.centos.org ͕ A ΫΤϦ ʹରͯ͠• code 0 - Network Unreachable :͸Ԡ౴ՄೳͰ͋Δ͕ɼAAAA ΫΤϦ ʹରͯ͠ SERV-ґવͱͯ͠λΠϜΞ΢τ͕ൃੜͨ͠ɽTCPDUMP ͷ݁

FAIL Λฦͯ͘͠Δͱ͍͏‫ݱ‬৅Λ֬ೝͨ͠ɽ͜Ε͸ɼա

ՌɼFacebook App Store ΞϓϦ͸໊લղܾͤͣ

‫ڈ‬ͷ߹॓Ͱ΋֬ೝ͞ΕɼWIDE ϓϩδΣΫτͷ৿Լࢯɼʹ Facebook ͷ IPv4 ΞυϨεɼϙʔτ൪߸ 443ਆ໌ࢯΒ͔Β RFC4074 [7] ʹͯࢦఠ͞Ε͍ͯΔෆద੾Ѽʢ31.13.17.49:443, 31.13.19.101:443ʣʹ TCP4

ͳ DNS Ԡ౴ʹ༝དྷ͢Δ໰୊Ͱ͸ͳ͍͔ͱਪఆ͞ΕΔɽ

ʹͯ࠶ૹΛ‫܁‬Γฦ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ͱͳͬͨɽ

͜ͷΑ͏ʹɺΫϥΠΞϯτ͕࠷ॳʹ AAAA Λฉ͍ͯ• code 3 - Port unreachable : ϙʔτ൪߸ 443ʹରͯ͠ϑΟϧλΛద༻ͨ͠ͱ͜ΖɼλΠϜΞ΢

͖ͨ৔߹ʹ ‫ݖ‬Җαʔό͕ AAAA ʹରͯ͠ SERVFAIL
Λฦͯ͘͠ΔͱɼBIG-IP ͸ DNS64 ͷ࢓༷ [8] ʹΑΓ

A (DNS64 AAAA) Λ౤͛௚͞ͳ͍ͨΊɼϒϥ΢βදτ͸ൃੜͤͣɼମ‫ Ͱײ‬1 ඵఔ౓Ͱ IPv6 ʹϑΥʔϧࣔෆՄͱͳΔɽόοΫ͠ɼίϯςϯπΛӾཡͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨɽ• code 2 - Protocol unreachable : ɹ Facebook

3.4

App Store ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛௐࠪ͠ɼϙʔτ͝ߏஙख๏ͦͷ 4ͱʹઃఆ͢Δͷ͸େมͳͨΊɼ
ʮTCP, UDP, ICMPύλʔϯ 3 Ͱ͓͓ΉͶղܾͰ͖͔ͨʹ‫͕ͨ͑ݟ‬ɼiOS
7 ্Ͱ Facebook App Store ΞϓϦʹ͓͍ͯɼ໌Β͔ͳͲ֤छ Protocol ʹ౸ୡੑ͕ͳ͍ʯͱ͍͏ codeʹԿ͔ͷλΠϜΞ΢τΛ଴͍ͬͯΔϑΥʔϧόοΫ໰༷ͷ݁ՌΛಘΔ͜ͱ͕ग़དྷͨɽ

൪߸Λࢼͯ͠Έͨͱ͜ΖɼPort unreachable ͱಉ୊͕ൃੜͯ͠ΔͱɼϢʔβ͔ΒࢦఠΛड͚ͨɽͦͷͨ• code 9 - Communication with DestinationΊɼ͜ͷղੳͱϫʔΫΞϥ΢ϯυΛ live-with-ipv6 WG

Network is Administratively Prohibited :ʮωοτϫʔΫϙϦγʔͱͯ͠‫ڐ‬Մ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ʯ

༗ࢤʹΑΓ࣮ࢪͨ͠ɽ

ͱ͍͏ code ൪߸Λࢼͯ͠Έͨͱ͜ΖɼProtocol

3.4.1

ߏ੒

Unreachable ͱಉ༷ͷ݁ՌΛಘΔ͜ͱ͕ग़དྷͨɽ

6

ਤ 14 ͸‫ڀݚ‬ձ‫ؒظ‬தͷ BIG-IP ͷ CPU ར༻཰ͱΞΫςΟϒίωΫγϣϯ਺ͷ‫ܭ‬ଌ݁Ռɼਤ 15 ͸ BIG-IPͰॲཧͨ͠৽‫ن‬ίωΫγϣϯ਺ͷਪҠͱεϧʔϓοτͷ‫ܭ‬ଌ݁ՌͰ͋ΔɽCPU ར༻཰͸ฏ‫ ۉ‬10 ˋͰ͋ΓɼΞΫςΟϒίωΫγϣϯͷ࠷େ਺͸ 1,400 ίωΫγϣϯͰ͋ͬͨɽ৽‫ن‬ίωΫγϣϯ͸࠷େͰ 80 ίωΫγϣϯ/ඵͰ͋Γɼεϧʔϓοτ͸࠷େ 80Mbps Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ‫ޙ‬ड़ͷ PeerApp UltraBand Ͱύεεϧʔͨ͠τϥϑΟο
Ϋ͕࠷େ 17Mbps ఔ౓Ͱ͋ͬͨ͜ͱͱɼ‫ڀݚ‬ձωοτϫʔΫҎ֎͔Βͷ DNS εΩϟϯͳͲ΋ड͚෇͚͍ͯ
ͨͨΊɼ͓͓ΉͶଥ౰ͳεϧʔϓοτͰ͋Γɼੑೳ໘Ͱಛʹ໰୊͸ͳ͔ͬͨͱ͍͑Δɽਤ 14: BIG-IP ͷ CPU ར༻཰ͱΞΫςΟϒίωΫγϣ
ϯ਺ͷਪҠ

3.6

ߟ࡯

ࠓճͷ࣮‫Ͱݧ‬঎༻࣮૷Ͱ͋Δ BIG-IP ͷ‫ػ‬ೳΛ༻͍
ͯ A Record Filter ΛߏஙͰ͖Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ͱͳͬͨɽ·ͨ A Record Filter ͷϧʔϧʹؔͯ͠΋ɼDNS
࣮૷ͷ Parse ํ๏΍ Form ͷ Validation ͷҧ͍ʹΑΓɼΫϥΠΞϯτଆͷ DNS Forwarder ʹͯ FormError ΍

SERVFAIL ʹมߋ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ΋໌Β͔ͱͳͬͨɽ
·ͨɼA Record Filter ͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ΍ϧʔϧมߋ͚ͩͰ͸ରԠͰ͖ͳ͔ͬͨϑΥʔϧόοΫ໰୊ʹରͯ͠ɼ

ICMP4 type 3 Destination Unreachable ʹΑΓϑΥʔϧόοΫʹ͔͔Δ࣌ؒΛେ෯ʹ୹ॖͰ͖Δ͜ͱ͕໌Βਤ 15: BIG-IP Ͱॲཧͨ͠৽‫ن‬ίωΫγϣϯ਺ͱεϧʔ͔ͱͳͬͨɽͦͷࡍɼcode 3 - Port unreachable ΑΓ΋ϓοτͷਪҠ

code 2 Protocol Unreachable ΋͘͠͸ code 9 - Communication with Destination Network is Administra-

3.5

tively Prohibited Λฦ͢͜ͱ͕ɼ
ʮ֤छϓϩτίϧʹ౸BIG-IP ͷੑೳୡੑ͕ͳ͍ʯ΋͘͠͸ʮӡ༻্‫ڐ‬Մ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ʯͱ͍
͏ϝοηʔδͰ͋ΔͨΊɼΫϥΠΞϯτଆͰ΋ೲಘ‫͕ײ‬ग़ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ͱ͍͏݁࿦ʹͳͬͨɽlive-with-ipv6

WG ͱͯ͠ͷਪ঑͸ code 9 - Communication with͜͜Ͱ͸ɼBIG-IP ͷੑೳ໘ʹؔͯ͠ใࠂ͢Δɽࠓ

Destination Network is Administratively Prohibitedճ͸ɼBIG-IP LTM/GTM Virtual Edition on KVMʹΑΓ IPv4 ʹ౸ୡੑ͕ͳ͍ IPv6 only network Ͱ͋

Hypervisor Λ༻͍ͨɽϥΠηϯεͱͯ͠͸ Through-Δͱ͍͏͜ͱΛ௨஌͢Δͷ͕ DNS64/NAT64 ‫ͱڥ؀‬put 1Gbps License Λར༻ͨ͠ɽ
ϋʔυ΢ΣΞͱͯ͠͸ Dell PowerEdge R620, In-ͯ͠͸ద੾Ͱ͸ͳ͍͔ͱ͍͏݁࿦ͱͨ͠ɽ

tel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2660 0 @ 2.20GHz 2 ϓϩηοαɼ෺ཧϝϞϦ 64 ΪΨόΠτͷαʔόΛ༻͍ͨɽͯ΋ ICMP4 type 3 code 9 Λฦ͚ͩ͢Ͱ΄ͱΜͲͷBIG-IP ʹରͯ͠͸Ծ૝ CPU ͱͯ͠͸ 2 ίΞɼϝϞϦΫʹ͔͔Δ࣌ؒΛ୹ॖͰ͖ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ʁͱ͍͏ٞ

͸ 4 ΪΨόΠτׂΓ౰ͯͨɽ࿦͕৽ͨʹු্ͨ͠ɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɼࠓճͷ‫Ͱূݕ‬ௐ͜ͷ࣮‫݁ݧ‬Ռ͔ΒɼA Record Filter Λద༻͠ͳ͘
ϑΥʔϧόοΫ໰୊͸ൃੜ͠ͳ͍΋͘͠͸ϑΥʔϧόοࠪͨ͠ͷ͸Ұ෦ͷ OS ΍ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͋ΓɼΞ

7ϓϦέʔγϣϯʹΑͬͯ͸ී௨͸࢖ΘΕͳ͍ code 9 ʹ

4ରԠ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍Մೳੑ΋͋Δɽ
·ͨɼA Record Filter ͸ DNS ΫΤϦͷ݁ՌΛ

AAAA Ϩίʔυ͚ͩʹ͢ΔͨΊɼA Ϩίʔυͷ݁ՌΛ༏ઌ͠ IPv4 Λબ୒͢ΔλΠϓͷ HappyEyeball ʹΑΔϑΥʔϧόοΫ໰୊Λൃੜͤ͞ͳ͍ϝϦοτ͕͋

Mac OS X ʹ͓͚Δ IPv4 Link
Local Assamption ʹ༝དྷ͢ΔϑΥʔϧόοΫ໰୊΁ͷ ProxyARP ʹΑΔରࡦख๏ͷ‫ূݕ‬Δ͕ɼઃఆ΍‫ڬ‬ΈࠐΈํ๏͕೉͍͜͠ͱ΍ DNS For-લઅ 3 અͰઆ໌ͨ͠‫Ͱڥ؀ূݕ‬͸ IPv6 only ‫ڥ؀‬Λ

warder Ͱͷ FormError, SERVFAIL ͳͲΛൃੜͤ͞໨ࢦ͠ͳ͕Β΋ɼDHCP4 Λ༻͍͍ͯΔɽ͜ͷཧ༝͸ɼ΍͍͢͜ͱ΋ɼࠓճͷ‫໌Ͱূݕ‬Β͔ʹͳΓɼద੾ͳ‫ݕ‬• IPv4 link local assumption (RFC3927 [9]) ʹ
MAY Ͱఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔ࢓༷ʹΑΓɼMac OS X Ͱূແ͠ʹ͸ A Record Filter ͸ෆཁͱஅఆ͢Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɽ͸ IPv4 ϦϯΫϩʔΧϧΞυϨεͷண͍ͨΠϯλʔͦͷͨΊɼlive-with-ipv6 WG Ͱ͸ɼҾ͖ଓ͖ಸྑ

ϑΣʔεʹ default route Λ޲͚ͯ͠·͍ɼϑΥʔઌ୺Պֶٕज़େֶӃେֶͷ DNS64/NAT64 WiFi ࣮ϧόοΫ໰୊͕ൃੜ͢Δɽ

‫ڥ؀ݧ‬Λ༻͍ͯ A Record Filter ͱ ICMP4 type 3۩ମྫΛ Mac OS X 10.8 ͷ৔߹Ͱࣔ͢ɽIPv4

destination unreach ͷ૊Έ߹Θͤʹؔ͢Δ௥‫ূݕ‬Λ࣮

DHCP ઃఆͷ Mac OS X 10.8 ΛωοτϫʔΫʹ઀ଓ͢ΔͱɼDHCP ཁ‫ٻ‬Λ limited broadcast ͢Δɽࢪ͠ɼ΋ͬͱ΋ઃఆɼӡ༻ίετͷগͳ͍ํ๏Λ‫ݕ‬౼͢Δ͜ͱʹͨ͠ɽͦͷใࠂ͸ WIDE 2014 ೥ 12 ݄‫ڀݚ‬

DHCPv4 αʔόͷԠ౴͕ͳ͍ͱɼIPv4 link-localձʹͯൃද͢Δ༧ఆͰ͋Δɽ

address ΛΠϯλʔϑΣʔεʹઃఆͯ͠ɺdefault
route Λ޲͚ɼͦͷࡍͷϗετ্ͷ‫ܦ‬࿏ද͸࣍ͷΞϯέʔτ݁Ռ΍ϔϧϓσεΫ΁ͷۤ৘ɾཁ๬͔Βɼ

VPN ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ΍ SkypeɼDropbox ͳͲɼ௨Α͏ʹͳΔɽ
✓ৗͷ IPv4 ωοτϫʔΫͰଟ͘ͷϢʔβ͕ϏδωεͳͲͰར༻͍ͯ͠ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͨΊɼ

Internet:
Destination
default
1.2.3.4߹॓ࢀՃऀ͔Βෆຬͷ੠্͕͕ΓɼSkype ΍ Polycom

RealPressence ͳͲΛ༻͍ͯϏσΦΧϯϑΝϨϯεΛߦ͏ඞཁͷ͋ͬͨϢʔβ͔Β௿஗Ԇͷ IPv4 ΠϯλʔωοGatewaylink#6link#6Flags
UCS
UHLWIi

Refs
31
0

Use
0
0

Netif Expire
en3
en3

✏

τΛ࢖͍͍ͨͱ͍͏ཁ๬͕ϔϧϓσεΫʹ͕͖͋ͬͯ

✒✑ͨɽͦͷͨΊɼ߹॓ωοτϫʔΫνʔϜͰόοΫΞο

τΛૹ৴͠Α͏ͱ͢Δͱɼon link assumption Ͱϓ༻ʹ༻ҙ͓͍ͯͨ͠ NAT44 Λ΋͍ͪͨ IPv4 ωοղܾ͠Α͏ͱͯ͠ɼMac OS X 10.8 ͷϗετ͸

τϫʔΫ‫ڥ؀‬Λཁ๬ͷ͋ͬͨϢʔβʹఏ‫ͨ͠ڙ‬ɽ

ARP ཁ‫ٻ‬ΛϒϩʔυΩϟετ͢Δɽ͔͠͠ͳ͕
ΒɼARP ʹ͸୭΋Ԡ౴͠ͳ͍ͨΊɼλΠϜΞ΢

͜ͷঢ়ଶͰɼIPv4 άϩʔόϧΞυϨεѼʹύέο·ͨɼதʹ͸ IPv6 ͰτϯωϧΛுͬͯ IPv4 Λख‫ͯͬ࣋͘ʹݩ‬ΔϢʔβɼͦ΋ͦ΋߹॓ωοτϫʔΫʹτ଴͕ͪൃੜ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΔɽ

઀ଓͤͣʹɼձ৔ʹଘࡏͨ͠ au-WiFi ͳͲͷެऺແ͜ͷ‫ڍ‬ಈʹରͯ͠ɼDHCP4 Ͱ IPv4 ϓϥΠϕʔઢ LAN αʔϏε΍ςβϦϯάͰ IPv4 ͔ΒͷΠϯλʔτΞυϨεͷΈΛ഑෍͠ɼdefault gateway ͷΞωοτ઀ଓΛ࢖͏Ϣʔβ͕ଟ͘ଘࡏͨ͠ɽ·ͨɼ3DSɼυϨεΛ௨஌͠ͳ͍͜ͱͰɼIPv4 default route

PS Vita Ͱ͸ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ͕ IPv4 ରԠ͍ͯ͠ͳ

͕ΫϥΠΞϯτͷ‫ܦ‬࿏දʹࡌΒͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δ͜

͍͜ͱ΍ɼFinal Fantasy XIV ͳͲͷήʔϜͰ͸Ϋϥͱ͕Ͱ͖ɼϑΥʔϧόοΫ໰୊ͷൃੜΛ཈͑Δ͜

ΠΞϯτଆ͕ IPv4 ରԠ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɼDNS64/NAT64

ͱ͕ग़དྷΔɽ

ͷม‫ʹ׵‬ΑΔ஗Ԇʹ଱͑ΒΕͳ͍ͨΊɼήʔϜϢʔβ͜ͷͨΊɼΩϥʔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͱ‫ݺ‬͹ΕΔ skype,• Android ͳͲͷҰ෦ͷ OS Ͱ͸ɼIPv4 ΞυϨε͕ઃఆ͞Εͳ͍ͱແઢ LAN ͷઃఆ͕ऴྃ͠ͳ͍ɽ

polycom, dropbox ͳͲͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ΍ 3DS ΍ͦΕʹର͠ɼDHCP4 Ͱ IPv4 ϓϥΠϕʔτΞυ

PSVita ͳͲͷήʔϜϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ΍ΦϯϥΠϯ
ήʔϜαʔϏε͕ IPv6 ରԠ͢Δ͜ͱ͕๬·ΕΔɽϨεͷΈΛ഑෍͠ɼdefault gateway ͷΞυϨε

͔Βෆຬͷ੠্͕͕ͬͨɽ

Λ௨஌͠ͳ͍͜ͱͰແઢ LAN ઀ଓΛ‫ͤྃ͞׬‬Δ

8͜ͱ͕ग़དྷɼ‫ͭ׌‬ϑΥʔϧόοΫ໰୊΋ൃੜ͠ʹ
IPv6Internet

͘͘ͳΔɽ

ARP

• ·ͨɼա‫ڈ‬ͷ࣮‫Ͱݧ‬͸ Android ͳͲͰ͸ɼRA ͸ड͚औΓ IPv6 Ͱͷ௨৴Λߦ͏΋ͷͷ DNS ΫΤϦ
͸ IPv4 ύέοτͰ͔͠ૹ৴Ͱ͖ͳ͍࣮૷͕ଘࡏ

Cliant

IPv6

SEI
SEIL
IL
䠄ProxyARP
RP)

IPv6 (RA + DHCP6)

BI
BIG
IGI
G-IP
IP
(DNS64)

IPv6

NAIST
DNS

IPv6 only backbone

͢Δ͜ͱ͕֬ೝ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ·ͨɼHappyEyeballͷ࣮૷ʹΑͬͯ͸ IPv4, IPv6 ྆ํͰ DNS ΫΤϦΛൃੜͤ͞Δ΋ͷ΋ଘࡏ͢Δɽਤ 16: ProxyARP Λ༻͍ͨ IPv6 only ‫ڥ؀‬ͦͷͨΊɼແઢ LAN ্ʹ DNS Fowarder ʢDNS

4.2

ProxyʣΛઃஔͯ͠ɼIPv4 Ͱͷ DNS ΫΤϦΛ஥
հ͢Δඞཁ͕͋ΔɽͦͷࡍɼA ϨίʔυΛฦ͢‫݁ূݕ‬Ռ

‫ূݕ‬ͷ݁Ռ͸ҎԼͷͱ͓Γͱͳͬͨɽ

ͱ IPv4 Ͱ௨৴͠Α͏ͱͯ͠ϑΥʔϧόοΫ͕‫ى‬• Mac OS X ΍ iOS 7 Ͱ͸ɼଈ࠲ʹແઢ LAN ͷ઀ଓ͕‫ྃ͢׬‬ΔɽΠϯλʔϑΣʔεઃఆΛ֬ೝ͢Δ

͜ΔͨΊɼલઅͰઆ໌ͨ͠ A Record Filter ʹͯ

AAAA ͷ݁ՌͷΈ͕ΫϥΠΞϯτʹ௨஌͢ΔͱɼϑΥʔϧόοΫ໰୊͕ൃੜ͠ʹ͘͘ͳΔɽͱ‫ ্͚͔ݟ‬IPv4 ΞυϨε͕ઃఆ͞Εͣ IPv6 ΞυϨεͷΈ͕֬ೝͰ͖Δɽtcpdump Ͱ֬ೝ͢Δͱ

ͱ͍͏ա‫ڈ‬ͷ WIDE ‫ڀݚ‬ձͰͷ࣮‫͔ݧ‬Βಘͨ஌‫ݟ‬

MAC ΞυϨε͕িಥ͠ͳ͍ IPv4 ϦϯΫϩʔΧʹΑΓઃఆ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͔͠͠ɼʮIPv6 only ‫ڥ؀‬ʯΛΊ͟͠ͳ͕ΒɼIPv4 ΞϧΞυϨεΛԆʑͱ୳ࡧ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕൑໌ͨ͠ɽ

υϨεΛ഑෍͢Δ͜ͱ͸ IPv6 ‫׬‬શҠߦͷো֐ͱͳΔɽ࣮ࡍʹ IETF sunset4 WG Ͱ͸ɼલઅͰ঺հͨ͠Α͏

IPv6 ʹ DNS ΫΤϦ΋௨৴΋ରԠ͍ͯ͠ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʢ΢Σϒϒϥ΢βͳͲʣ͸໰୊ͳ͘ͳ DNS64/NAT64 ‫ڥ؀‬Λ IPv6 only network ͱ‫ݺ‬শར༻Ͱ͖Δ͕ɼFacebook App Store ΞϓϦͳͲ

͢Δ͜ͱʹ͸൓࿦ͷ੠্͕͕͍ͬͯΔɽͷ IPv4 ͷ௨৴͔Β͸͡ΊΔ HappyEyeball ࣮૷Λͦ͜Ͱɼओʹ Mac OS X ͷ IPv4 Link Local As-

ߦ͍ͬͯΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ΍ɼSkype ΍ dropbox

samption ʹΑΔϑΥʔϧόοΫ໰୊ͷղফΛओ‫͠ͱ؟‬ͳͲ IPv4 ͷΈʹ͔͠ରԠ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ΞϓϦέʔͯɼ
ʮDHCP4 ͷ୅ΘΓʹ ProxyARP Λ༻͍ΔͱϑΥʔγϣϯ͸‫ݢ‬ฒΈར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍݁Ռͱͳͬͨɽ

ϧόοΫ໰୊΋ൃੜͤͣɼ‫ ͭ׌‬IPv4 ΞυϨε΋഑෍• Windows 7 ΍ Windows 8 Ͱ͸ɼແઢ LAN ΁ͷ͠ͳ͍ͷͰ sunset4 WG Ͱ΋ IPv6 only network ͱ‫ݺ‬઀ଓΛ։͔࢝ͯ͠Β 10 ඵఔ౓͋ͱʹΞυϨεিಥ΂Δ‫ͳʹࣜܗ‬ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ʁʯͱ͍͏ఏҊ͕ಸྑઌ͕ൃੜͨ͠ࢫΛ௨஌͢ΔϙοϓΞοϓ͕ඳը͞Εɼ୺Պֶٕज़େֶӃେֶ ֞಺ ॿ‫͔ڭ‬ΒఏҊ͞Εͨɽͦແઢ LAN ͷ઀ଓઃఆ͕͍ͬͨΜதஅ͢Δɽϙοϓ͜Ͱɼ࣮ࡍʹ ProxyARP Λ༻͍ͯ΋ϑΥʔϧόοΫ໰Ξοϓͷ֬ೝϘλϯΛԡͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼ1 ෼ఔ౓ DHCP4୊͕վળ͞ΕΔͷ͔൱͔ͷ‫ূݕ‬ΛߦͬͨɽͷλΠϜΞ΢τΛ଴ͬͯɼແઢ LAN ͷ઀ଓ͕‫׬‬
ྃ͢Δɽମ‫Ͱײ‬͸ 1 ෼ 30 ඵఔ౓ແઢ LAN ઀ଓ‫׬‬

4.1

ߏ੒

ྃ·ͰϢʔβ͸଴ͨ͞ΕΔ͜ͱʹͳΔɽ

Mac OS X ͷ৔߹ͱಉ༷ʹɼIPv6 ʹ DNS ΫΤϦ΋௨৴΋ରԠ͍ͯ͠ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʢ΢Σ

ਤ 16 ͕ sunset4 ͷߏ੒ਤͰ͋Δɽલઅ 3 Ͱͷߏ੒ͷϒϒϥ΢βͳͲʣ͸໰୊ͳ͘ར༻Ͱ͖Δ͕ɼIPv4

Α͏ʹ DHCP4 Λ SEIL Ͱ഑෍ͤͣɼ୅ΘΓʹ SEIL ʹͷ௨৴͔Β͸͡ΊΔ HappyEyeball ࣮૷Λߦͬͯͯ Proxy ARP ͷઃఆΛߦͬͨɽ·ͨɼDNS ͸ DHCP6

͍ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ΍ɼSkype ΍ dropbox ͳͲʹͯ BIG-IP ͷ IPv6 ΞυϨεΛ௨஌͢Δ‫ܗ‬ΛͱΓɼ

IPv4 ͷΈʹ͔͠ରԠ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯBIG-IP Ͱ͸લઅͰͷ࣮‫ͱݧ‬ಉ༷ͷ A Record FilterΛઃఆ͠ɼAAAA Record ͷΈ௨஌͢Δ‫ͯ͠ͱࣜܗ‬͸‫ݢ‬ฒΈར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍݁Ռͱͳͬͨɽ

• Android 4.4 Ͱ͸ɼա‫ڈ‬ͷ࣮‫֬Ͱݧ‬ೝ͞Εͨ‫ݱ‬৅͍Δɽ

9ͱಉ༷ʹɼແઢ LAN ઀ଓγʔέϯε͕ 30 ඵ͝ͱʹϦηοτ͞Εɼ௨৴͕ߦ͑ͳ͍݁Ռͱͳͬͨɽ
௨৴͕։࢝Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͨΊɼΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷར༻͸֬ೝͰ͖ͳ͔ͬͨɽ

4.3

ߟ࡯

‫ ݁ ͨ ͠ ূ ݕ‬Ռ ɼMac OS X Ϣ ʔ β ͷ ମ ‫ ײ‬͸
DNS64/NAT64 ‫΅΄ͱڥ؀‬ಉ͕ͩ͡ɼWindow 7/8Ϣʔβͷମ‫ײ‬͸ແઢ LAN ઀ଓͷ‫ Ͱ·ྃ׬‬1 ෼ 30 ඵ଴ਤ 17: UltraBand ͷઃஔ৔ॴͨ͞ΕΔͨΊ QoE ͕௿Լ͢Δͱ‫͡ײ‬ɼAndroid Ϣʔβ͸ແઢ LAN ʹ઀ଓͰ͖ͳ͍ͨΊɼQoE ͕ஶ͘͠௿

5.1

Լ͢Δ͜ͱ͕໌Β͔ͱͳͬͨɽ

ߏ੒·ͨɼIPv6 ʹ‫׬‬શʹରԠͨ͠ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ɼίϯςϯπΩϟογϡ૷ஔͱͯ͠͸ PeerApp ࣾ੡

ssh ͳͲͷίϚϯυϥΠϯπʔϧ΍΢Σϒϒϥ΢βͳ
ͲͰɼVPN ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ΍ Skype ͳͲɼଟ͘ͷ

UltraBand Λར༻ͨ͠ɽUltraBand ͸ಁա‫ܕ‬ίϯςϯπΩϟογϡ૷ஔͰΠϯϥΠϯઃஔΛ૝ఆ͍ͯ͠ΔɽϢʔβ͕ར༻͍ͯ͠ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ

UltraBand ͸ IPv4ɼIPv6 ͷ۠ผͳ͘Ωϟογϡର৅ί͍ͨΊɼ߹॓ࢀՃऀ͔Β΍͸Γෆຬͷ੠্͕͕ͬͨɽ

ϯςϯπΛࣗಈ൑ผ͠ίϯςϯπͷϋογϡ஋Λऔͬ౰ॳ ProxyARP ʹΑΔ sunset4 ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɼ͢΂ͯอଘ͠ɼ3 ճ໨Ҏ্ͷΩϟογϡώοτ͕ൃੜͨ͠৔

ͯͷ ARP ʹԠ౴͠ɼૹΒΕ͖ͯͨ IPv4 ύέοτʹର߹ɼҰ୴ϦΫΤετ͸αʔόଆʹ഑ૹ͠ɼͦͷ‫ ޙ‬RST

ͯ͠ Network is Administratively Prohibited ΛฦͤΛൃߦͯ͠αʔό͔Βͷ࣮ࡍͷίϯςϯπ഑৴ΛΩϟ͹ɼARP λΠϜΞ΢τ଴͕ͪͳ͘ͳ͙ͬͯ͢ʹ IPv6 ʹϯηϧͨ͠‫ޙ‬ɼϩʔΧϧͷΩϟογϡΛΫϥΠΞϯτʹ

ϑΥʔϧόοΫ͢ΔͩΖ͏ͱ͍͏‫ظ‬଴Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ͔͠͠

഑৴͢Δɽ͜ΕʹΑΓɼ্ҐճઢͷଳҬফඅ͸গͳ͘ɼͳ͕Βɼ࣮ࡍ͸ࣗಈੜ੒ͨ͠ IPv4 link-local addressԼҐͷճઢͷଳҬར༻཰Λ޲্͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼଳҬͷΞυϨεॏෳ‫ʹࠪݕ‬΋ Proxy ARP ͕Ԡ౴ͯ͠͠࡟‫ ͱݮ‬QoE (Quality of Experience) ޲্ͷཱ྆Λୡ

·͍ɼIPv4 ΞυϨε͕෇͔ͳ͍ (όοΫάϥ΢ϯυͰ

੒͢Δ͜ͱ͕ग़དྷΔɽ

IPv4 link-local address ࣗಈੜ੒͕૸Γଓ͚Δʣͱ͍͏ࠓճͷ࣮‫ݧ‬͸ Proof fo Concept ͷ֬ೝͱͯ͠ɼIPv6

݁Ռʹͳͬͨɽ͜Εʹ͍ͭͯ͸ࠓ‫ޙ‬ɼ169.254.0.0/16‫Ͱڥ؀‬ͷΩϟογϡ‫ػ‬ೳͷ༗ޮੑΛ‫ͨ͠ূݕ‬ɽ‫Ͱূݕ‬ʹ͸ Proxy ARP Ԡ౴͠ͳ͍Α͏ʹͯ͠࠶‫ূݕ‬Λಸྑ͸ɼ1) ଳҬ࡟‫ޮݮ‬Ռɼ2)QoE ޲্ޮՌɼ3) ֤ϓϩτίઌ୺େͷ‫͢ࢪ࣮ͯʹڥ؀ূݕ‬ΔɽϧɼαʔϏε΁ͷରԠঢ়‫ͯؔ͠ʹگ‬஫ྗ࣮ͯ͠ࢪͨ͠ɽ
·ͨɼͦͷ΄͔ͷ‫ػ‬ೳ֬ೝͱͯ͠άϥϑදࣔ΍ϩάग़

5ྗͳͲӡ༻ʹඞཁͳ‫ػ‬ೳ͕े෼උΘ͍ͬͯΔ͔ͷ֬ೝ

IPv6 όοΫϘʔϯʹ͓͚ΔίϯςϯπΩϟογϡͷ༗ޮੑͷ‫ূݕ‬΋ߦͬͨɽਤ 17 ʹࣔ͢Α͏ʹɼUltraBand ͸ϧʔλʢSEILʣͷ্ྲྀଆʹ‫ڬ‬ΈࠐΉ‫Ͱܗ‬ઃஔͨ͠ɽ

߹॓ωοτϫʔΫͰ͸ɼIPv6 όοΫϘʔϯʹίϯς
ϯπΩϟογϡ૷ஔΛ‫ڬ‬ΈࠐΜͩ৔߹ͷ༗ޮੑʹؔͯ͠‫ূݕ‬Λߦͬͨɽ‫ʹূݕ‬͸ NTT-AT ௕ྮࢯʹ‫͠ྗڠ‬

5.2

͍͍ͯͨͩͨɽ

10‫݁ূݕ‬Ռ

ਤ 20: UltraBand Ͱͷ QoE ޲্ޮՌλͰ͋Γɼ߹‫ ܭ‬17Mbps த 16.54Mbps Λ UltraBand͔Β഑৴͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕ղੳ݁Ռ͔ΒΘ͔ͬͨɽਤ 20 ͸ UltraBand ʹΑΔ QoE ޲্ޮՌΛࣔ͢άϥਤ 18: UltraBand ͰͷίϯςϯπΩϟογϡͷάϥϑ

ϑͰ͋ΔɽUltraBand ʹΑΔΩϟογϡ͕ͳ͍৔߹͸

1MbpsɼΩϟογϡ͕͋Δ৔߹͸ 16.56Mbps ʹεϧʔϓοτ͕޲্͓ͯ͠Γɼ໿ 16 ഒͷ QoE ޲্ޮՌ͕֬
ೝ͞Εͨɽ·ͨɼରԠϓϩτίϧɼίϯςϯπͷ֬ೝΛߦͬͨͱ
͜ΖɼHTTPɼWindow Update, iOS ΞϓϦͷμ΢ϯ
ϩʔυͳͲɼίϯςϯπΛ഑ૹ͢Δϓϩτίϧ΍࢓૊Έʹରͯ͠͸΄΅ಈ࡞͠ɼHTTPS ͳͲ҉߸Խ͞Εͨίϯςϯπ͸૝ఆͲ͓ΓʹίϯςϯπΩϟογϡ͕ߦ͑ͳ͍͜ͱ΋֬ೝͰ͖ͨɽ‫ػ‬ೳ໘ͷ֬ೝʹؔͯ͠͸ɼҰ෦άϥϑ͕දࣔ͞Εͳ͍͜ͱ͕֬ೝ͞ΕɼNTT-AT ௕ྮࢯʹΑΓ PeerApp ࣾʹใࠂͱमਖ਼ґཔ͕ߦΘΕͨɽ

6

ਤ 19: UltraBand ͰͷଳҬ࡟‫ޮݮ‬ՌΞϯέʔτ݁Ռ
IPv6 ࣮‫ؔ͢ʹݧ‬Δ‫ײ‬૝ʹ͍ͭͯ΋Ξϯέʔτ߲໨ͱ

ਤ 18 ͸ UltraBand Ͱͷ߹॓‫ؒظ‬தͷΩϟογϡޮͯ͠ઃఆͨ͠ɽ2014 ೥ 9 ݄ 17 ೔ͷ࣌఺Ͱͷճ౴਺͸ՌͷάϥϑͰ͋ΔɽΩϟογϡର৅τϥϑΟοΫʹͭ߹॓ࢀՃऀ 122 ໊ͷ͏ͪ 46 ໊Ͱɼճ౴཰͸ 37.7 ˋͰ͍ͯ, ϓϥεଆ͕ίϯςϯπΩϟογϡ૷ஔ͔ΒԼྲྀ΁͋ͬͨɽճ౴ͨ͠ 46 ໊͕ར༻ͨ͠ແઢ LAN ͷ಺༁͸ग़͍ͯ͘ Outgoing τϥϑΟοΫͷྲྀྔɼϚΠφεଆ্͕ྲྀ͔ΒίϯςϯπΩϟογϡ૷ஔ΁͸͍ͬͯ͘Δ• camp1409-nat64-1xɿ39 ໊

Incoming τϥϑΟοΫͷྲྀྔͰ͋Δɽϓϥεଆͷ஋ͱϚΠφεଆͷ஋ͷࠩ෼͕େ͖͍΄ͲΩϟογϡͷޮՌ• camp1409-nat64-sunset4ɿ18 ໊

͕ग़͍ͯΔίϯςϯπ͕ଟ͘‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱʹͳΔɽ

Outgoing τϥϑΟοΫͷϐʔΫ͸ 9 ݄ 10 ೔ 9 ࣌൒͔• camp1409-ipstarɿ9 ໊• camp1409-lastresortɿ5 ໊Β 10 ࣌ͷؒͰ 33.27Mbps Λ UltraBand Ͱಁա͍ͯ͠
ΔɽΩϟογϡޮՌͷϐʔΫ͸ 9 ݄ 11 ೔ 1 ͔࣌Β 1 ࣌Ͱ͋ͬͨɽ൒ͷؒͰ͋ͬͨɽਤ 19 ͸ UltraBand ͷΩϟογϡ͔Β

IPv6 ࣮‫ؔ͢ʹݧ‬Δ޷ҙతͳ‫ײ‬૝ͱ൱ఆతͳ‫ײ‬૝͸Լ‫ه‬ͷΑ͏ʹͳͬͨɽ഑৴ͨ͠ίϯςϯπͷྲྀྔΛදࣔͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δɽओ
ͳίϯςϯπͱͯ͠͸ Windows Update ͷύονσʔ

11

6.1

޷ҙతͳ‫ײ‬૝

✓

✏

✒

✑

iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -d 0.0.0.0/0 -j REJECT \--reject-with icmp-proto-unreachable• facebook ͷ happyeyball ໰୊͕ղܾ͞Εͯշదʹͳͬͨɽ• ͱΓ͋͑ͣ v6 only ͰͳΜͱ͔ੜ‫͖ͨͰ׆‬ਤ 21: iptables ͷ৔߹ (code 2 : Protocol Unreach-• OpenVPN Ͱ udp6 Λࢦఆͯ͠ NAT64 Ͱձࣾͷable)

VPN ʹ‫ͨͬߦʹ͗ܨ‬Βී௨ʹ IPv4 ΋࢖͑ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͯշదʹͳͬͨ

6.2

✓

✏

✒

✑

iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -d 0.0.0.0/0 -j REJECT \--reject-with icmp-admin-prohibited൱ఆతͳ‫ײ‬૝ਤ 22: iptables ͷ৔߹ (code 9 : Administrativly Pro-• ઀ଓͰ͖ͳ͍ SSID

hibited)iPhone ΍ Android ୺຤͔Β઀ଓͰ͖ͳ͍ SSID
͕ଘࡏͨ͠ͱෳ਺໊ͷࢀՃऀ͕ճ౴͍ͯͨ͠ɽ

Β IPv6 ΁ͷϑΥʔϧόοΫʹཁ͢Δ࣌ؒΛ୹ॖ͢Δ• IPv6 ରԠ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ΩϥʔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ΁ͷෆຬޮՌ͕֬ೝͰ͖ͨɽ·ͨ IPv6 όοΫϘʔϯͰͷίϯςϯπΩϟογϡͷ༗ޮੑͷ֬ೝ΋ߦ͑ͨɽࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷల։ͱͯ͠͸ɼA Record Filter ͓Αͼ ICMP

΍͸Γ skype ͱ͔ polcom mobile presence ͕ v6

ʹΑΔ Happy Eyeball IPv4 fallback ͷ௥‫ূݕ‬ΛಸྑͰ࢖͑ͳ͍͜ͱ͸ͭΒ͍ɽ·ͨ͸ɼskype ΍ poly-ઌ୺Պֶٕज़େֶӃେֶ಺ͷ DNS64/NAT64 ‫ূݕ‬ແcomɼdropbox ͳͲ͕࢖͑ͳ͍ͷͰɼެऺແઢ
LAN ΍ lastresortɼIPv4 over IPv6 ͷτϯωϧ

ઢ LAN ‫͠ࢪ࣮Ͱڥ؀‬ɼ௥‫݁ূݕ‬ՌΛ߹ΘͤͯΠϯλʔωοτυϥϑτΛࣥච͠ɼIETF v6ops WG ΍ sunset4Λઃఆͯ͠ IPv4 Λར༻͍ͯͨ͠ɼͱ͍͏ճ౴͕

WG ʹͯใࠂ͢Δ༧ఆͰ͋Δɽ‫ݟ‬ड͚ΒΕͨɽ• ීஈͷߴ඼࣭ͳ IPv4 Πϯλʔωοτ‫ͱڥ؀‬ൺֱ
ͨ͠ QoE ͷ௿Լ

8AppendixThunderbird ͷ IMAP Ͱͷ fetch ͕͔ͳΓ΋ͬ͞Γ͍ͯͨ͠ɼͳͲϑΥʔϧόοΫ໰୊΍ Hap-

8.1

Destination Unreach ήʔτ΢ΣΠͷ࡞੒ɼઃఆํ๏

8.1.1

Ubuntu 14.4 LTS Λ༻͍ͨ৔߹

pyEyeball ͷ‫ڍ‬ಈʹ‫ى‬Ҽ͍ͯ͠ΔͱࢥΘΕΔ QoEͷ௿Լ͕‫ײ‬૝ͱͯ͠‫͛ڍ‬ΒΕͨɽ7·ͱΊͱࠓ‫ޙ‬ͷల։

3.4 અͰઆ໌ͨ͠ϫʔΫΞϥ΢ϯυͰ͋Δ ICMP Destination Unreach ΛԠ౴͢Δήʔτ΢ΣΠ͸ɼUbuntu
14.14 LTS ͷ iptables Λ༻͍࣮ͯ૷ͨ͠ɽ

ࠓճͷ࣮‫Ͱݧ‬͸ɼDNS64/NAT64 ‫ڥ؀‬ͷߏஙख๏ʹ
͓͍ͯɼA Record Filter ͸ FormError Λൃੜͤ͞ͳ

1ɿ DHCP αʔόͰ഑͍ͬͯΔσϑΥϧτϧʔτʹ
Ubuntu αʔόΛஔ͍͘Α͏ͳϑΟϧλϦϯάΛߦ͏͔ DNS Forwader ଆͰ‫ ͳີݫ‬FormError ͷ൑ఆΛߦΘͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δ͜ͱ

2ɿ sysctl Ͱ v4 ͷ forwarding=1 ʹઃఆ͢Δ

͕ඞཁͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕֬ೝͰ͖ͨɽ
·ͨɼैདྷͷ A Record Filter ͷ΄͔ʹɼICMP pro-3ɿ Linux αʔόͷ iptable ͷ FORWARD CHAIN্ ʹ ໰ ୊ ͱ ͳ Δ ύ έοτ ʹ ର ͠ ͯ destination

tocol unreach ΍ ICMP administratively prohibitedΛήʔτ΢ΣΠͰฦ͢͜ͱͰɼHappyEyeball ʹΑΔ**port** unreach Λฦ͢Α͏ͳ IP ϑΟϧλΛॻ͘

IPv4 ͰͷλΠϜΞ΢τ଴ͪͷ࣌ؒΛ୹ॖ͠ɼIPv4 ͔
12

✓

✏

term accept-limited-broadcast {from {
source-address {0.0.0.0/32;}
destination-address {255.255.255.255/32;}}
then accept;}
term accept-to-local {from {
destination-address {172.31.0.0/16;}}
then accept;}
term reject-last {then {
reject administratively-prohibited;}}

AL400/128ʣ ʹɼ172.31.0.2/16 Λ IPv6 gateway(Juniper EX9208) ʹઃఆɽDNS64 ͸ BIND
9.9ɼNAT64 ʹ͸ ObenBSD Packet Filter Λ༻͍ɼNAT64 prefix ʹ͸ 64:ff9b:: Λར༻ͯ͠
͍ΔɽDHCP6 ͸ ISC DHCP 4.2 ͷ‫ػ‬ೳΛ༻͍ͯઃఆ͍ͯ͠Δɽ

2. 172.31.0.2 ʢJuniper EX9208ʣʹͯҎԼͷϑΝΠΞ΢ΥʔϧϑΟϧλΛઃఆ͢Δɽ
1.

✒

ਤ 23: JUNOS ͷ৔߹ (code 9 : Administrativly Pro-

from

0.0.0.0/32

to255.255.255.255/32✑

hibited)accept2. accept from any to 172.31.0.0/16
3. administratively-prohibited from any to any
3. DHCP4 ʹͯ 172.31.0.2 Λ IPv4 default gateway
ͱͯ͠ɼDNS Λ 172.31.0.1 ɹͱͯ͠ΫϥΠΞϯ

4ɿ ԿΒ͔ͷ‫ܦ‬࿏͕ͳ͍ͱઌʹ destination networkτʹ 172.31.0.0/16 ͷ IPv4 ΞυϨεͱͱ΋ʹ഑

unreachable Λฦͯ͠ FORWARD CHAIN ·Ͱ෍͢ΔઃఆΛߦ͏ɽ্͕Βͳ͍ͷͰɺ౸ୡ͠ͳ͍ IPv4 ΞυϨεʢͨͱ͑͹ 192.0.2.1 ΍ null ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͳͲʣମ‫Ͱײ‬͸ɼA Record Filter ͋Γͷ৔߹ΑΓए‫ ׯ‬IPv6

ʹτϯωϧΛઃఆ͠ɺɹσϑΥϧτϧʔτΛτϯ΁ͷϑΥʔϧόοΫʹ਺ඵʢ1 ඵ͔Β 8 ඵ͘Β͍ʣඞཁωϧͷઌͷ IPv4 ΞυϨε޲͚Δ.

ͱ͍ͯ͠ΔΑ͏ʹ‫ݟ‬ड͚ΒΕΔ͕ɼadministartively-

prohibited ϑΟϧλͳ͠ͷ৔߹ʹൺ΂ͯஶ͘͠ availability ͕ߴ·͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕֬ೝͰ͖ͨɽ

͜ͷΑ͏ʹઃఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰ v4 ύέοτʹ destination

port unreach Λฦ͢ϧʔλ͕‫׬‬੒͢Δɽਤ 21 ͕ Protoco Unreachable Λઃఆ͢Δ৔߹ͷ iptables ͷઃఆ

A Record Filter ͕͋Δ৔߹ɾͳ͍৔߹ͷࠩ෼ʹ͍ͭͯ͸Ҿ͖ଓ͖ௐ͕ࠪඞཁͰ͋ΔɽͰ͋Γɼਤ 22 ͕ Administratively Prohibited Λઃఆ͢Δ৔߹ͷ iptables ͷઃఆྫͰ͋Δɽͳ͓ɼunix OSͰ͋Ε͹ɼଞͷ linux distribution Ͱ΋ BSD ‫ ܥ‬OS Ͱ

8.2

΋ಉ༷ͷઃఆ͕ߦ͑Δɽ

8.1.2

1. In firefox type this in your address bar:Juniper EX9208 Λ༻͍ͨ৔߹

about:config
2. Click that you promise to be careful.

‫ڀݚ‬ձऴྃ‫ޙ‬ɼಸྑઌ୺େ ֞಺ॿ‫ʹڭ‬ΑΓɼಸྑઌ୺େ಺ʹߏங͞Ε͍ͯΔ DNS64/NAT64 ࢼ‫ʹڥ؀ݧ‬

3. In the filter textbox, type:proxyͯ administratively prohibited ʹΑΔ IPv4 ϑΟϧλ͕࣮૷͞Εͨɽͳ͓ɼDNS64/NAT64 ࢼ‫Ͱڥ؀ݧ‬͸‫ݱ‬

4. Find the preference name calledࡏ IPv4 ΫϥΠΞϯτ޲͚ DNS fowrder ͸࣮૷͍ͯ͠

”network.proxy.socks remote dns”.
Double click it to set it to true.

Δ͕ A Record Filter ͸࣮૷͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɽ

1. IPv4 DNS forwarder ͖ͭ DNS64/NAT64 ‫ڥ؀‬Λ

5. ssh -D your-sock-server.your.net

ߏங͢Δɽ

NAIST Ͱ ͸ 172.31.0.1/16

Λ

Firefox Ͱͷ SOCKS ϓϩΩγઃఆ
ํ๏

DHCP4

/

IPv4 DNS forwarderʢOpenMicroServer OMS13

DNS64/NAT64 ‫Ͱڥ؀‬ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍
͜ͱ͕֬ೝ͞ΕͨΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ

8.3• Polycom Real Presence਺໊ͷࢀՃऀ͔ΒʮPolycom Real Presence ͕շదʹ࢖͑Δ IPv4 Πϯλʔωοτ͕ཉ͍͠ʯͱͷ͜͜Ͱ͸ɼ‫ڀݚ‬ձࢀՃऀ͔ΒϔϧϓσεΫͷ୲౰ऀ

ཁ๬͕ͰΔɽϔϧϓσεΫͰ͸ɼSkype ͷ৔߹ͱʹରͯ͠ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ͕ใࠂ͞ΕͨΞϓϦέʔγϣಉ༷ͷରԠΛߦͬͨɽϯΛྻ‫͢ڍ‬Δɽར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍‫ݪ‬Ҽͷ੾Γ෼͚͸ߦ͍ͬͯͳ͍ͨΊɼVPN ήʔτ΢ΣΠͳͲ͸୯ͳΔઃఆϛεͷՄೳੑ΋͋Δ͜ͱΛ͜͜ʹ໌‫͓ͯ͘͠ه‬ɽ

8.3.1

8.3.3

Ξϯν΢Οϧε੡඼• ϊʔτϯΞϯν΢ΟϧεͷγάχνϟΞοϓσʔτ

VPN౦‫ژ‬େֶ ߐ࡚ ߒ ઌੜ͔ΒใࠂΛड͚Δɽ

• Cisco AnyConnect (iOS App Store version)‫ܚ‬ጯٛक़େֶՃ౻ ࿕ ઌੜ͔ΒใࠂΛड͚ΔɽVPN

8.3.4

ήʔτ΢ΣΠ͸ KMD ઃஔͷήʔτ΢ΣΠͰɼ‫ػ‬Ϋϥ΢υετϨʔδ• DropBox

छ͸ ASA5505ɽ͋ͯઌͷΞυϨε͸ Mapped Ad-ଟ਺ͷར༻ऀ͔ΒใࠂΛड͚Δɽ

dress Ͱ͋Δɽผͷ ASA5505 ͷ VPN ήʔτ΢ΣΠʢNative IPv6ʣͰ΋઀ଓ͕ग़དྷͳ͔ͬͨͱͷ
͜ͱɽ

8.4

• OpenVPN / Tunnelblick (Windows 7, Mac OSX)ͦͷଞ• VMWare Fusion ͷ NAT44 ઃఆ
JAIST ͷ‫͔ࢯڮؠ‬ΒใࠂΛड͚Δɽ
ʮVMwareFu-

ಸྑઌ୺Պֶٕज़େֶӃେֶ ഻ࢁ ‫׮‬ষ ͔Βใsion ͷ NAT ͷԼʹ͔͔͍͑ͯͨ։ൃ‫ڥ؀‬͸ΠϯࠂΛड͚ΔɽVPN ήʔτ΢ΣΠ͸ NAIST ઃஔͷ

λʔωοτ઀ଓ͕ෆೳͰͨ͠ɻ(VMware Fusionήʔτ΢ΣΠͰɼ‫ػ‬छ͸ FreeBSDɽ͋ͯઌͷΞυ͸ NAT44 ͔͠ߦΘͳ͍໛༷). VMware Fusion ͷϨε͸ Mapped Address Ͱ͋Δɽήετ OS ʹͯ Mac OS X ͷ Wi-Fi ΠϯλϑΣʔεΛϒϦοδͨ͠৔߹΋ήετ OS ʹ͸༗ઢΠϯ• Fortinet FortiClient SSL VPN (Windows, MacλϑΣʔεʹ‫઀΅΄͍ͯͯ͑ݟ‬ଓཱ͕֬͠ͳ͍.ʯ

OS X)ͱ͍͏ղੳ݁Ռ΋ใࠂ͞Εͨɽಸྑઌ୺Պֶٕज़େֶӃେֶ ഻ࢁ ‫׮‬ষ ͔ΒใࠂΛड͚ΔɽVPN ήʔτ΢ΣΠ͸๺཮ StarBED ٕज़ηϯλʔઃஔͷήʔτ΢ΣΠͰɼ‫ػ‬छ͸ Fortigateɽ• POPFileઍ༿঎Պେ ౉ล ‫ګ‬ਓ‫ڭ‬त͔ΒใࠂΛड͚Δɽ

͋ͯઌͷΞυϨε͸ Mapped Address Ͱ͋Δɽ

8.3.2

8.5

Voice / Video conference• Skypesunset4 ‫Ͱڥ؀‬ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ͕֬
ೝ͞ΕͨΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ஫ҙࣄ߲ͱͯ͠ɼDNS64/NAT64 ‫Ͱڥ؀‬ಈ࡞͠ͳଟ਺ͷࢀՃऀ͔ΒʮSkype ͕շదʹ࢖͑Δ IPv4

͔ͬͨΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ಉ༷ʹಈ࡞͠ͳ͍͜ͱ͕͓Π ϯ λ ʔ ωοτ ͕ ཉ ͠ ͍ ʯͱ ͷ ཁ ๬ ͕ Ͱ Δ ɽ

camp1409-lastresort Λ࢖͏Α͏ʹϔϧϓσεΫ

͓ΉͶ֬ೝ͞ΕͨɽͦͷதͰɼஶ͘͠ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͘ͳͬ
ͨΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹؔͯ͠ live-with-ipv6 WG ͷ༗Ͱ͸ରԠͨ͠ɽIPv6 τϯωϧ͝͠ʹେֶ΍ࣾ಺ࢤ͔ΒใࠂΛड͚ͨɽ͓ͦΒ͘ɼIPv4 Λ༏ઌ͢Δ΋͠ωοτϫʔΫʹ઀ଓͯ͠ɼIPv4 ΠϯλʔωοτΛख‫͖ͯͯͬ࣋ʹݩ‬ରԠ͍ͯ͠ΔࢀՃऀ΋ଘࡏͨ͠ɽ

͘͸ IPv4 ͷଘࡏΛલఏͱ͍ͯ͠Δ HappyEyeball ͷ‫ڍ‬ಈʹΑΓ IPv6 ʹϑΥʔϧόοΫ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍͜ͱ͕
‫ݪ‬ҼͰ͸ͳ͍͔ͱਪଌ͞ΕΔɽ

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8.5.1iOS ্ͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ

and Research Infrastructures for the Developmentof Networks and Communities (TRIDENTCOM
2014), May 2014.

• iTune Store
NTT-AT ੢ా͞Μ͔ΒใࠂΛड͚Δɽϝοηʔδ
ͱͯ͠ʮiTunes Store ʹ઀ଓͰ͖·ͤΜɽiTunes[5] Osamu Nakamura, Hiroaki Hazeyama, Yukito
Ueno, and Akira Kato. IPv4 Address Literal in

Store ʹΞΫηε͢Δʹ͸ Wi-Fi ωοτϫʔΫʹ઀ଓ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ʯͱͳΔɽ

URL. Internet Draft (will be revised to 02), January 2014.

• Facebook ΞϓϦ[6] Hiroaki Hazeyama, Tomohiro Ishihara, and Os-

NTT-AT ੢ా͞Μ͔ΒใࠂΛड͚Δɽ

amu Nakamura. DNS A Record Filtering for the
migration from dual stack networks to IPv6 only

• (Facebook) Messenger

networks. Internet Draft (expired), July 2013.

NTT-AT ੢ా͞Μ͔ΒใࠂΛड͚Δɽ

[7] Y. Morishita and T. Jinmei. Common Misbehavior Against DNS Queries for IPv6 Addresses.

• App Store ͷμ΢ϯϩʔυ
NTT-AT ੢ా͞Μ͔ΒใࠂΛड͚Δɽϒϥ΢δ

RFC 4074 (Informational), May 2005.

ϯά͸ग़དྷΔɽ

[8] M. Bagnulo, A. Sullivan, P. Matthews, and I. van
Beijnum. DNS64: DNS Extensions for Networkࢀߟจ‫ݙ‬

Address Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4
Servers. RFC 6147 (Proposed Standard), April[1] Hiroaki Hazeyama, Yukito Ueno, Hirotaka Sato,2011.

Yudai Yamagishi, Takehiro Yokoishi, and Hisatake Ishibashi. How much can we survive on an[9] S. Cheshire, B. Aboba, and E. Guttman. Dynamic Configuration of IPv4 Link-Local Ad-

IPv6 network? - Experience on the IPv6 only
connectivity with NAT64/DNS64 at WIDE campdresses. RFC 3927 (Proposed Standard), May

2011 autumn. In Proceedings of Asia Workshop

2005.

on Future Internet Technologies (AWFIT2011),
November 2011.
[2] T. Murakami, O. Troan, and S. Matsushima.
IPv4 Residual Deployment on IPv6 infrastructure- protocol specification. Internet Draft (expired),
September 2011.
[3] O. Troan (Ed.), W. Dec, X. Li, C. Bao, S. Matsushima, T. Murakami, and T. Taylor (Ed.).
Mapping of Address and Port with Encapsulation(MAP). Internet Draft (Publication Requrested),
June 2014.
[4] Marius Georgescu, Hiroaki Hazeyama, Youki
Kadobayashi, and Suguru Yamaguchi. Empirical Analysis of IPv6 Transition Technologies Using the IPv6 Network Evaluation Testbed. In
The 9th International Conference on Testbeds
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