Japanese Studies andTransnationalism
日本研究とトランスナショナリズム

e 4th EU­Japan Young Scholars Workshop /2021 International New Generation Workshop
Friday 29th, Saturday 30th & Sunday 31st October 2021

Organizing Commitee:• CEEJA ­ Centre Européen d'Études Japonaises d'Alsace• CGJS ­ Consortium for Global Japanese Studies ­ Nichibunken• HIJAS ­ Hosei University Research Center for International Japanese Studies

2

4th EU Japan Young Scholars Workshop

Outline:In social science and humanities, transnationalism has been a thriving
approach to understand our world today. Such global and transnational
turn has also impacted Japanese studies. Nevertheless, the relationshipbetween the transnational approach and area studies, including Japanesestudies, can be complex. On the one hand, accelerated transnational
processes in our contemporary society have urged our debates over thelimitation, if not the invalidity, of examining area studies based on thenation­state framework. However, on the other hand, we cannot avoid thefact that the nation­state does remain and operates as a powerful institutionthat promotes and controls transnational ﬂows and practices even until
today. As such, the workshop would like to call for papers that empiricallyand theoretically touch upon the relationship between Japanese studies andtransnationalism.
Speciﬁcally, we would welcome a broad range of presentations that examine
the process, interactions, and outcomes of Japanese transnationalism. ose
papers can be historical or contemporary cases from various ﬁelds in social
science and humanities. At the same time, we will also invite contributions
discussing broader debates over the intricate relationship between Japanesestudies/area studies and transnationalism mentioned above.
Presentations: 45 minutes for each session(approx. 30 minutes presentation + 15 minutes discussion)
Time Zones: CET (France and Germany) / JST (Japan) / EDT (USA)If you would like to participate in the workshop as an observer, please sendan e­mail in English­ from Japan to the secretariat of the Consortium for Global
Japanese Studies: (_cgjs@nichibun.ac.jp_)­ from Europe to the Centre Européen d'Études Japonaises d'Alsace(_f.ebrard@ceeja­japon.com_)with the following pieces of information:(1) Surname and given name; (2) E­mail address; (3) Academic aﬃliation;(4) Mode of participation (full or partial; if partial, please let us know ofyour tentative plan)

2021 International New Generation Workshop

3ere is no simultaneous translation for the entire workshop

Friday, October 29— Transnational Culture —Chair: Hideto TSUBOI (Nichibunken, Japan)
11:00 ­ 11:30 (CET)
18:00 ­ 18:30 (JST)05:00 ­ 05:30 (EDT)

Opening Remark / Technical Instructions

11:30 ­ 13:00 (CET)
18:30 ­ 20:00 (JST)05:30 ­ 07:00 (EDT)

Keynote: Sandra SCHAAL( University of Strasbourg, France)
Discovering Women’s Voices: e Lives of Modern
Japanese Silk Mill Workers in eir Own Words

Break 30 mn

13:30 ­ 14:15 (CET)
20:30 ­ 21:15 (JST)
07:30 ­ 08:15 (EDT)

Yijie CHEN
(e Graduate University for Advanced Studies,Japan)
e Reception of Shasan yōketsu in China: Focus on
Fu Baoshi’s Introduction

4

14:15 ­ 15:00 (CET)
21:15 ­ 22:00 (JST)08:15 ­ 09:00 (EDT)

4th EU Japan Young Scholars Workshop

Aki YOSHIDA(INALCO ­ Institut National des Langues etCivilisations Orientales, France)
Transnationalism in Literature and Its Reception: a Case
Study of Zainichi Literature

Break 15 mn

15:15 ­ 17:15 (CET)
22:15 ­ 00:15 (JST)09:15 ­ 11:15 (EDT)

Keynote: Naoki SAKAI(Cornell University, USA)Internationality and Transnationality: Translation andArea Studies

2021 International New Generation Workshop

5

Saturday, October 30— Connecting with the West and the East —Chair: Kei TAKATA (Hosei University, Japan)

11:00 ­ 11:45 (CET)
18:00 ­ 18:45 (JST)05:00 ­ 05:45 (EDT)Maria Carlotta AVANZI(Akita Prefectoral University, Japan)
Religions Beyond Borders ­ Buddhism and its Impact on
Ancient Japanese Art

11:45 ­ 12:30 (CET)
18:45 ­ 19:30 (JST)05:45 ­ 06:30 (EDT)Pia Maria JOLLIFFE(University of Oxford, UK)
Transnational Relations and Young People’s IntellectualLives: e Tenshō Embassy 1582­1590

Break 30 mn

13:00 ­ 13:45 (CET)
20:00 ­ 20:45 (JST)
07:00 ­ 07:45 (EDT)

Danila KASHKIN(University of Geneva, Switzerland)ey Came from beyond the Sea: Castaways and theTransnational Cultural Exchange between Japan and the
West

6

13:45 ­ 14:30 (CET)
20:45 ­ 21:30 (JST)07:45 ­ 08:30 (EDT)

4th EU Japan Young Scholars Workshop

David MALITZ(German Institute for Japanese Studies, Germany)
Japan in Southeast Asia/Southeast Asia in Japan:
Transnational Perspectives from ailand and Japan

Break 15 mn

14:45 ­ 16:45 (CET)
21:45 ­ 23:45 (JST)08:45 ­ 10:45 (EDT)

Keynote: Claudia DERICHS(Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany)
Tracing Transnationalism: Japan in Southeast Asia andthe Middle East

2021 International New Generation Workshop

7

Sunday, October 31*For participants from Europe: Please be aware winter time begins from Sunday October 31st.)— Transnationalism and Boundaries —Chair: Shin ABIKO (Hosei University, Japan)

11:00 ­ 11:45 (CET)
19:00 ­ 19:45 (JST)06:00 ­ 06:45 (EDT)

Takahiro YAMAMOTO(Heidelberg University, Germany)
Demarcating Japan: A Microhistorical Approach

11:45 ­ 12:30 (CET)
19:45 ­ 20:30 (JST)06:45 ­ 07:30 (EDT)

Michiyo KOGA
(Hosei University, Japan)
Can Japanese Express Universality? ­ Comparative
Linguistic between Japan and France

Break 30 mn

13:00 ­ 13:45 (CET)
21:00 ­ 21:45 (JST)
08:00 ­ 08:45 (EDT)

Chiara Rita NAPOLITANO(University of Naples, Italy)
Rewriting Tradition: An Analysis of the Inﬂuence ofTransnational Cultural Flow on Japanese Traditional
Townhouses

Break 15 mn

8

4th EU Japan Young Scholars Workshop

14:00 ­ 15:30 (CET)
22:00 ­ 23:30 (JST)
09:00 ­ 10:30 (EDT)

Round­table discussion

15:30 ­ 16:00 (CET)
23:30 ­ 00:00 (JST)10:30 ­ 11:00 (EDT)

Closing Remark / Chat & Drink

2021 International New Generation Workshop

ABSTRACTS
Keynote speaker Day 1, No.1
Discovering Women’s Voices: e Lives of Modern Japanese Silk Mill Workers
in eir Own Words
Sandra SCHAAL
University of Strasbourg, France
Based on the analysis of works songs and oral testimonies of former silk­reeling operatives, this conference aims at oﬀering a vivid account of the livesof female migrant workers from poor rural areas who formed modern Japan’s‘reserve army’ for textile mills.
It will examine through the lens of oral history these women workers’
working and living conditions at the factory as well as other aspects of theirreality outside work, and challenges the long­standing assumption
describing their history as merely exploitative (the so­called jokō aishi or‘pitiful history of women workers’).
By casting a critical eye over the traditional interpretations of the conditionof these women, and by replacing the individual and multifaceted reality of
their experiences within the context of the society of that time as well as of
the history of modern Japan and Japanese women, the ﬁndings of my study
show that a more nuanced representation and even, at least from theinterwar period, a positive representation of their history is possible.
Going to the mill was often the result of complex family strategies
established not only in response to opportunities or economic constraints
but also according to values speciﬁc to the family’s culture and traditions: farfrom being solely “passive victims”, many reelers were actively seeking toprotect their best interests and those of their families within the socio­
economic context of the time.
Moreover, despite the harshness of their working and living conditions,factory life could appear as a window of opportunity or at least a lesser evil
to women born in underprivileged families: apart from a signiﬁcant source

9

10

4th EU Japan Young Scholars Workshop

of income for some of them, it also oﬀered its share of positive aspects, i.e.
pleasures and compensations they could not beneﬁt from at home.

Keynote speaker Day 1, No.2
Internationality and Transnationality : Translation and Area Studies
Naoki SAKAI
Cornell University, USA
Just as the world is imagined to consist of nations and conceived of as aninternational assemblage in modernity, the modern world projects theBabelic vision of a single humanity fragmented into many individual
languages. is vision of the international juxtaposition of languages cannot
be apprehended unless the internationality of the modern world is taken
into account. e modern regime of translation represents the event oftranslation in terms of two separate ﬁgures or schemata, just like two
distinct territories of state sovereignties in the international world as
sanctioned by the system of international law (Jus Publicum Europaeum).
A new disciplinary formation generally referred to as area studies came into
existence after the two world wars, which had caused the collapse of thesystem of international law in the 20th century, so as to resurrect theinternationality of the modern world. e project of area studies was
proposed by the policy makers of the United States of America as a responseto two demands: a) to establish the order of the international world inwhich not Europe but the West is the dominant force. b) to disqualify theold colonial rules and appropriate their legacies into a new global reign of
Pax Americana. Consequently, area studies as a disciplinary formation
retained ambiguous relationships with the colonial studies of the pre­WWII
eras.
Nowadays there are an increasing number of signs to indicate the end of
Pax Americana. My presentation calls into question the future of area

2021 International New Generation Workshop

11

studies from multiple perspectives: 1) in what respects can area studies beapprehended as legacies of the modern international world in which thediscourse of the West and the Rest is still at work? 2) how does the oldregimen of bordering, without which the notion of ‘area’ isincomprehensible, operate in today’s production of humanistic and social
sciences on areas, regions, and local cultures and populations? 3) what sortsof critical assessment and evaluation are in demand in order for area studies
to survive into the future?

Keynote speaker Day 2, No.1
Tracing Transnationalism: Japan in Southeast Asia and the Middle East
Claudia DERICHS
Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
Tracing Transnationalism: Japan in Southeast Asia and the Middle East
Transnational, transregional, and translocal studies are nowadays covering asigniﬁcant space on the map of Area Studies. Yet their prominence is arather recent phenomenon, given the decades of scholarship on regions andcountries whose demarcation seemed to be carved in stone: JapaneseStudies, Chinese Studies, Korean Studies, South Asian Studies, Southeast
Asian, East Asian and Central Asian Studies mirror the perception of Asiaand its scalar components. But why is the study of Singapore a componentof Southeast Asian Studies and the study of Japan a program “in its own
right”? Is not, we might suspect, concentrating solely on Japan too much ofan essentialization – serving, at the end of the day, the narrative of“uniqueness”? e lecture reﬂects on what it means to make Transnational
Asian Studies (TAS) productive for research on Japan, what methodologicalchallenges are to be met, and what role individual as well as collective
scholarship may play in living up to studying Japan transnationally. It
touches upon current discursive strands that articulate the demand for12

4th EU Japan Young Scholars Workshop

epistemic decolonization and the embracement of a decentered approaches.
Empirical cases to look at are drawn from Southeast Asia and the Middle
East (historical and contemporary) – two regions where we can trace Japanbeyond its national borders.

2021 International New Generation Workshop

13

Presenter Day 1, No.1
e Reception of Shasan yōketsu in China: Focus on Fu Baoshi’s Introduction
Yijie CHEN
e Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan要

is paper analyses the reception in 1960s China of Shasan yōketsu 写 山訣 (1903), a tutorial book of painting skills (painting manual). It does sothrough an analysis of Fu Baoshi's (1904~1965) translation and creative
development. e author of Shasan yōketsu, Takashima Hokkai(1850~1931) was a Japanese geologist and painter, who studied geology inFrance (1885~1888). In his book, he proposed a new artistic theory byinfusing geology into painting. With scientiﬁc analysis, painters will be able
to depict the scenery more accurately and realistically. Fu Baoshi, a famous
Chinese artist, praised the theory and introduced it to China. He translated
Shasan yōketsu in 1936, and published it in 1957 as Xieshan yaofa 写 山(1957). In addition, he creatively utilized the theory in his own paintingsand developed a unique painting style, which exerted a powerful inﬂuenceon his successors.
Firstly, Fu Baoshi chose to publish it twenty­one years after ﬁnishing thetranslation. is was no accident, but a response to the new aesthetic
criteria of "social realism," which encouraged painters to depict reallandscapes realistically. Secondly, Fu's modiﬁcations to Xieshan yaofa weremeaningful. With comments and annotations, Fu emphasized its
connection to traditional Chinese art. At the same time, he deleted many
paragraphs and illustrations as "too local," in other words, "too Japanese."
Finally, Fu developed Takashima's theory and introduced it as a kind of"science." In conclusion, Fu Baoshi was a passionate promoter and creative
developer of geological painting theory, but not the instigator. e inﬂuenceof Shasan yōketsu in1960s China needs re­evaluation. Although Takashima
Hokkai did not have any prominent successor in Japan, his theory deeply
and widely inﬂuenced Chinese painting through Fu Baoshi.

法

要

14

4th EU Japan Young Scholars Workshop

『写山

要

訣』 の

中

国受

総

容 傅抱石 翻訳 紹
:

の

陳 藝婕
合研究

大

学院

大

・

介を

中心

に

学

本論文
地
島北
八
年
年
論
要
年
中
容
討
中
傅抱石
年
六 年 翻訳 紹 動 焦点 当
要
島北
地
知 東洋
水
用
新説 提
傅抱石
地
論 倒
要法
年
新
中 訳本 出版
同彼
理論 身制
用 独 様 発展中 壇 多大力 与要Presenter Day 1, No.2
不 分
本書 中
容
術的
討
論
in Literature and Its Reception :島北 地Transnationalism
論
風潮
傅抱a Case Study of Zainichi Literature
石 翻訳 紹
中
容
翻訳
中 版 読
日本
本
要
的
Aki YOSHIDA地 National
書 Institute
認 for Oriental
同Languages and要法
傅抱石
中Civilizations, France
伝統 論
著書
招
要
中
力
, his theory deeply and widely inﬂuenced Chinese painting through Fu
長 認
本
著書
中
Baoshi.
翻 潜
美術 的 値 討
評
値
立証
目的
では、

画家であ り 、

―一九三一

）

の画

質学者でも あ る 高『 写山

訣』 (一九〇 三

国で受さ れてき た の か を 検

する 。

九〇 四

―一九

・

訣』 では、
画に 活

に傾

高

国語

える こ と と なっ た。

だが、

の

と で、

質学
画

誤解を

い間

国語への

十

質学画

時に 、

に検

介に よ っ て 、

国

の

ま た

国に 受

の

語の 原

な 影響

史

『写山

な価

する こ と を

訣』

国での 受
結

だが

時に 、 『 写山

訣』 が

の

に

と し て、を 契機に 、さ れた 。

識さ れな い ま ま と な っ て い た 。

する も の であ る こ と をに

現在に い た る ま で 、 『 写山い た 。 その 結果、 『写山ん でい た

質 学画

を自

国画

を 介する こ訣 』 は 科学

』 はに 基づい て 作ら れた オリ ジナルの案に山

タ イ ト ルをはこ のさ れてこ な か っ た 。

者に は 、識さ れる と

『 写山

識を

)と いう

は社会主義リ ア リ ズム の

・

(一

てる 。

質学の

さ せ、

なま ま であ り 、

こ れま で学

として

を

はこ の

』 (一九 五 七

した。

式を

海の

国の 画家

に

示 さ れた 。

自の関し ても 、にをし、に 関 す る 研究は

高

が

五〇

) がど の よ う にと り わけ介活

海がフ ラ ン ス か ら 学ん だ

し て お り 、 『写山

作に 応

を

)の

す る という

つ けて、
絵画

五

海（一

な

が

国

であ る と い う よ う な国で及ぼし た 影響

稿は、

この

を検

し、

は、

と その

それが再

と する 。

価152021 International New Generation Workshop

Presenter Day 1, No.2
Transnationalism in Literature and Its Reception :a Case Study of Zainichi Literature
Aki YOSHIDANational Institute for Oriental Languages and Civilizations, France国文

学に お ける ト ラ ン ス ナショ ナリ ズム と その 受—在日

コ リ アン

フ ラ ンス

文

東

吉

文
田

学を 一

例

として

容

—

安岐

ア ジア 研究セ ン タ ー

文 枠組
文 超
践
超 文 場 目
践
文 値
践 捉
年代 半
年代
日 朝 鮮人文 践 正
目標
彼 日 本文
朝鮮
文
新 文
模
品 筆
文
置付
説 発信
日本 文
地
立
石範 李 成
日本
創
二文
文
植民地
品中
日 本文
値 枠組 超
品 創
日本 文
早
提唱
当
石範
彼 文
当 分
評
彼
目 文 評
日 本文
枠組 内
評
得
矛盾 状 置文 状
年代
多文 日 本 評
流 伴 変
発表
日 朝鮮
学に お け る ト ラ ン ス ナ シ ョ ナ リ ズム を ナ シ ョ ナ ル な

み(国

学) を

える 実

、

し く は ナ シ ョ ナ ルな
1 960

後

・ 韓国

執

学価

・ 1 970に そ れら を

を

や

恢

学」

に

の価

の

しかし、

化 経 験、

学を 位

位を 確

こ のよう な

える 作

価の

れに

け

作を し なをに 取り 込む こ と で 、作し た 。 「したのもら の 越境をした況 は 2000作

し ていく こ語での学界と い う ナショ ナルな

ある。

は

索し 、

語

時の 金

であ

学の ト ラ ン ス ナ シ ョ ナ リ テ ィ はな け れば な ら ぬ と い う
学学実

ま た ディ ア ス ポ ラ ・ コ ミ ュ

く から

価を

い

学界で

も

える と 、

学ア イ デン ティ ティ をの、学で も な く 、と い っ た 作 家は 、

価 さ れな か っ た と 言 え る 。

れる た め に は、とパ ブリ ッ ク に 向 け 自 ら のみをらの指し た 実作家のらは経験な ど を 作と い う コ ン セ プト を

っ た。

しい

化 間 で の 言語 ・学」

をを 越え よ う と する 実

し ていっ た。

ニ テ ィ と し て の 経験・「学に お ける 在

学でも な いと と なる 金
がら 、えたと し て い た と 言え る 。

す る だけ で な く 、

る言

それを

学の

況に

以降、

わっ てい く こ と と なる 。

この

指す

み

時十

学が

価さ

でま ずは

か れて い た か ら で
化

の (再)

では、

在

16

人

4th EU Japan Young Scholars Workshop
作 家の

況、

文

践 数例紹
彼
品 文
容状
年
評 変 追
文 創造
践 伴 潜 的 難性
品創
践
翻訳 役
能
日文
対象 日 本新方法
提学実

そ し て 90

を

介し 、

以降の

価の

ら の作

化を

に お け る ト ラ ン ス ナ シ ョ ナ リ ズム の 実
確

性

認

する 。

更に 、

作

も 考え て い き た い 。

究する こ と で、

作 以 外の 実

ま た在の学 界で の 受

っ てい く こ と で、にう

在と し て、

学の よ う な

学

な困

の

を

を

割・ 可

以 外で 研た な ト ラ ン ス ナショ ナリ ティ が見え てく る こ と 、

その た め に ど の よ う な 研究が考え ら れる か を示し た い 。

Presenter Day 2, No.1
Religions Beyond Borders:
Buddhism and its Impact on Ancient Japanese Art
Maria Carlotta AVANZI
Akita Prefectural University, Japan / Kyoto University, Japan
Since its introduction during the ﬁrst half of the 6th century, Buddhism haschanged Japanese art profoundly. It was not just a matter of conveying acertain religious belief but also a matter of how to convey it: art was used,
art extended beyond the borders of a single country. In Japan, Buddhism
came via the Korean kingdom of Paekchè whose king dispatched a mission
including Buddhist monks, who brought with them several sutras, Buddhist
tools and the ﬁrst images of gods (Buddhas and Bodhisattvas) casted inbronze; as far as Buddhist art is concerned, the Korean Peninsula played an
important role in modelling Japanese taste in sculpture, conveying its taste
together with Chinese and Indian models. e result? During the second
half of the 7th century, a large number of bronze and wood images werecreated according to diﬀerent styles, giving birth to that phenomenon
known as tayoshiki (式 ) which literally means “multiple styles”. With
this workshop I will examine and explain transnationalism in ancient Japanthrough an iconographic analysis of Buddhist sculpture, showing thatJapanese images have been inﬂuenced by Continental art so much that we多様2021 International New Generation Workshop

17

can say without hesitation: look at Japan and you will see China and Korea.
As concrete examples, I will mainly show statues I personally examined
during my research trips in East Asia, for instance, the Maitreya of the
Kōryūji temple in Kyōto which resembles the Maitreya hosted at the
National Museum of Seoul, or the Shaka triad of the Hōryūji temple in
Nara carved after the Shaka triad of the Longmen Caves in Luoyang, Cina.

Presenter Day 2, No.2
Transnational Relations and Young People’s Intellectual Lives:
e Tenshō Embassy 1582­1590
Pia Maria JOLLIFFE
University of Oxford, UK
is paper explores young peoples’ intellectual lives within a context of
premodern transnational relations. I focus at the four Japanese boys who
acted as the protagonists of the ﬁrst Japanese mission to Europe, the so­called Tenshō Embassy. Signiﬁcantly, the mission was initiated by Jesuit
missionaries, sponsored by local daimyō and carried out by four Japaneseteenage boys. It is therefore a good example of the role non­state actors havein initiating and maintaining transnational relations between Japan andEurope. e ﬁrst part of the paper engages with the intellectual backgroundof the pedagogy of the Society of Jesus, i.e. the humanist thinking onchildhood and education that informed the Jesuits’ approach to the young
in Japan. I shall also discuss how the Jesuits set up schools for Japanesechildren and colleges for aristocratic boys. Signiﬁcantly, the four young
ambassadors of the Tenshō Embassy were all students of Jesuit colleges. esecond part of the paper focuses on the boys and explains how – throughtheir intellectual and cultural accomplishments – they were meant torepresent and raise awareness of Japan amongst secular and clerical elites in
Europe, including King Philip II, Empress Maria of Austria and the two

18

4th EU Japan Young Scholars Workshop

Popes Sixtus V and Gregory VII. After their return to Japan, the boys
continued to act as “ambassadors” displaying their knowledge about
Europe, also in front of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. At such occasions they acted
as teachers explaining with the help of artifacts such as globes, instruments
and books their knowledge about Europe. Studying the boys’
representations of Japan in Europe as well as their portrayals of Europe forJapanese audiences, this paper highlights how these young people used theirintellectual accomplishments to foster transnational relations between
Europe and Japan.

Presenter Day 2, No.3
ey Came from beyond the Sea:
Castaways and the Transnational Cultural Exchange
between Japan and the West
Danila KASHKIN
University of Geneva, Switzerland
Mere thirty years after its establishment in 1603, the Tokugawa shogunate
had already enacted a strict system of border control through a series ofedicts published between 1633 and 1639. It had forced all Westerners
except the Dutch out of the country and forbidden the Japanese from everleaving their homeland. e Edo government maintained its isolationist
course with varying degrees of success for more than two hundred years,
ﬁnally caving in under foreign pressure in the latter half of the 19th century.
e aforementioned restrictions notwithstanding, small merchant craft andﬁsherman boats were still navigating between the islands of Japan. esailors could rarely ﬁnd a way back home after a shipwreck. ere was aword for these unfortunate souls condemned to drift: hyōryūmin 漂 流 民.
Saved by passing whalers or washed ashore in a distant land, some of them

2021 International New Generation Workshop

19

survived their ordeal and ended up in the West, a fate that they often viewed
as worse than death. Often, these castaways chose to remain where thestorms had taken them. ey studied, lived and worked amongst those who
oﬀered them shelter. Others got to return to Japan, either almost
immediately or after many years spent away from home, and they seldomcame back empty­handed, bringing with them strange new technologies andconcepts, knowledge about exotic places such as the United States ofAmerica or the Russian Empire. Let us examine how the hyōryūmin
contributed to the transnational cultural exchange between Japan and theWest in a time when seemingly there was none…

Presenter Day 2, No.4
Japan in Southeast Asia/Southeast Asia in Japan:
Transnational Perspectives from ailand and JapanDavid MALITZ
German Institute for Japanese Studies, Japan
In universities around the world, Japan and ailand are located bothacademically and administratively in the two distinct areas of East Asia andSoutheast Asia. ere, the relations between Japan and the region –including present­day ailand – are usually taught as an afterthought toJapan’s relations with her East Asian neighbors and the ‘West’ – and often in
the context of the latter. But centuries of intensive exchanges between Japanand Southeast Asia have shaped Japanese and ai culture – as well as theculture of other Southeast Asian countries – making them transnational andoverlapping bricolages.e rituals of Japanese Buddhism for example could
not ‘function’ without incense made from fragrant woods imported fromSoutheast Asia. And the material culture of feudal Japan would have literally
fallen apart without the deer leather and shark skins imported from theregion and especially ailand. In the same period, Japanese products were20

4th EU Japan Young Scholars Workshop

highly sought­after status symbols at the court of Ayutthaya; nearly all ofKing Narai’s presents for King Louis XIV were made in Japan. And in the
postwar period, the cheap imports of seafood, chicken and fruits ailand –but also other Southeast Asian countries – have shaped Japanese foodculture, while the tuk­tuk and the long­tail boat, international symbols of
ainess and ai tourisms, are products of the modern economic ties
between the two countries. is paper will attempt to work out themultifaceted mutual inﬂuences between transnational Japanese and aicultures as well as their historical geneses and thereby arguing against therigid silos (or tako tsubo) of East Asian and Southeast Asian Studies in the
global academy.

Presenter Day 3, No. 1
Demarcating Japan: A Microhistorical Approach
Takahiro YAMAMOTO
Heidelberg University, Germany
My presentation draws on from the book manuscript that I have completed
on the territorial demarcation of Japanese archipelago in the late nineteenth
century. e core argument of the paper is that, ﬁrstly, the process ofterritorial demarcation in each of Japan s border regions need to beunderstood from multilateral relationships, rather than what the national
history framework has hitherto encouraged, namely the Japanese responseto the Western threat. e second argument, which is the focus of thispresentation, is that these processes of territorialization in Japan's borderregions were deeply connected with one another through the movements ofvarious actors, many of whom pursued personal agendas even under thestate employment. I will illustrate this point by discussing three individuals:
an American­born pirate and human traﬃcker who based himself in the
Bonin islands in the early 1870s and sought to launch a timber export

21

2021 International New Generation Workshop

business in the Paciﬁc island of Pohnpei by bringing laborers from
Shanghai; a Nagasaki village chief's son who learned Russian fromsojourning Russian naval oﬃcers and then worked in Hakodate, Tokyo, and
St. Petersburg to interpret, among other things, the negotiations on
territorial demarcation in 1874­5; and a Japanese doctor trained in Nagasaki
during the Bakumatsu era who, during the Russo­Japanese joint occupationof Sakhalin (1867­1875), found a job in a Japanese settlement on thesouthern coast of Sakhalin and built friendship with his Russiancounterparts. With these examples this presentation seeks to consider whatkind of comparative advantages Japanese studies might have in engaging
transnationalism. I raise two points: one is the signiﬁcance of geographicalreframing, especially the inclusion of maritime space, and the other is theutility of Japan's rich accumulation in local histories, from which myresearch has beneﬁtted immensely.

Presenter Day 3, No. 2
Can Japanese Express Universality? :Comparative Linguistic between Japan and FranceMichiyo KOGA
Hosei University, Japan日 本 普遍 表
森有正 日 仏比
論
通予
法政大
東 帝 大
世 哲
森有正
年 戦 初
政府 費留 生 人 選抜
渡仏
森
全部日 本
—

語は

を

現でき な い かの較言語を め ぐっ て

—

古賀

学

京

国

1 976) は、さ れて学で フ ラ ン ス 1 7

1 950

し た。

に

後

こ の 時、

紀

学を 研 究 し て い たのフ ラ ンス

給学の一はフ ラ ン ス で学べる こ と は(1 91 1 ‑

に

で

22

4th EU Japan Young Scholars Workshop

留

学べる と 考え てお り 、
フ ラ ンス に

日本
来

着

くや

否

学は 1

や、

なかっ た高

密度

付
森 日本

の 期限

そこ は

へ帰り た い と 思わ せた 。

むか も し れな い 「年森き で計画さ れた 。 し か し 、に 何か 「恐れ」

それは、がで硬質な 何か を 感じ 、

冒

険」

を

予

を

抱

では見

か せ、

出

すぐに

すこ と の出

そこ に 思い がけずの め り 込

期し た 「恐れ」

だっ た 。

結局 、

森
点 置
速
はそ

年
生
冒
身 投
二 正之
冒
西
大戦 敗北
新 歩
余
日本 知 人本直
歩 西 文明 中
内的 理由
亡命
森
歩 書
定 与
践
問題
葉
処理
体的 方
定
定
的把
別 生
潜
藤 変
第 葉 得 有
歴
伝統
与
森
葉
来 能
能 内
同
日本
出
通
日本
通
背負 伝統
得
体
藤 中
変
森
日本
出
題
発表
森
文
日 本文
森 亡命
味 討
こ に の め り 込み、

死に 至る ま で 26

く 一種の 「

に

な

険」

を

じる 。

欧化 を 果た し た も の のとをり

儀 な く さ れた

し、

いう 「

な

」

みは

義を

は、 「 言を 扱い 、る こ と で葛史ま た はと時に 、さ れた 。

欧

の

そし て、

する 、

や

への 参

と 社会の 往

により

を可

険」

たに

を、

み始 め る こ

から や

みは

な仕

」

個の 主観

革を 経な がら 次に言に 至る こ と であ る 。

く こと、さ れた 。

ここでと し ての

握 が個

を

に は、

、

共

義す

の

活

さ れて

フ ラ ン ス 語は言在さ せてい る よ う に 思わ れた 。

語と 社会の 関係はそれと はか な り 異な る こ と が見フ ラ ン ス 語をし て そ の 社会への 参加 を 願い 、語をし て自 ら のうを 意識せざる をないと いう 、

それ自

の

自ら

革 を 試み な が らが自 ら に 、

そし て

に見

急

」 （一種の ト ラ ン ス ナ シ ョ

その 具

を

を

で始め な ければな ら な い とにおいてこ の義と は、に する 機活拠と し て 考え る 行為の 根

え る と い う 行為に よ っ て 実

る 行為その も の であ る 。
を識

はこ の 「に 支え ら れた 「ナ ルな 行 為) だと 言う 。
つまり 、

宮

の

の

し か も そのに 及ん で パ リ ににあ っ て、

し た課

は何か 。

では、

化の 違い を 手がか り に 、の「が言語に 見た フ ラ ン ス
」

の意

を検

葛

化と

する 。

2021 International New Generation Workshop

23

Presenter Day 3, No.3
Rewriting Tradition:
An Analysis of the Inﬂuence of Transnational Cultural Flowon Japanese Traditional Townhouses
Chiara Rita NAPOLITANO
University of Naples, Italy
Japanese traditional townhouses (町 家 machiya) play a decisive role inshaping urban identity and everyday life, being widely acknowledged asimportant piece of cultural legacy. Yet, foreign inﬂuences have also had aremarkable impact on their development. My goal in this talk is to further
explore the intermingling of tradition and foreign inﬂuences focusing, as acase­study, on Kyōto’s machiya (known as kyōmachiya). In the ﬁrst part, I
will focus on Daikokuten and Shōki­san, two kami whose presence in theinterior (the former) and exterior (the latter) of the machiya is peculiar tothis kind of vernacular architecture. Familiar as they may be to the Japanesepeople since the 12th Century, they actually came to Japan from China andIndia, becoming guardians of the family through syncretic processes. In thesecond part, I will focus on an architectural trend that interested machiya at
the beginning of the 20th Century, the kanban kenchiku (看 板 建 築 billboard
architecture), which saw the hybridization of the façade through the use ofmaterials imported by Western countries. I shall explore the reasons why
kanban kenchiku was discarded as a minor phenomenon, with the façades it
produced regarded as a disﬁguration of the original traditional town­
texture. In contrast to this, the talk will argue that the recent tendency
towards a re­evaluation of machiya, fuelled by the tourist market, may beable to build a compromise between the traditional features of the houseand commodities and technologies imported by the West. e examples
analysed will show that the very concept of “tradition” is linked to cultural
ﬂows that go beyond national boundaries.

Scientiﬁc Oﬃcials :Claudia DERICHS (University Humboldt of Berlin)
Naoki SAKAI (Cornell University)
Sandra SCHAAL (University of Strasbourg)

Auditors:
Shin ABIKO (Hosei University),
Akinobu KURODA (University of Strasbourg),
Josef KYBURZ (CNRS­CRCAO),
Regine MATHIAS (CEEJA),
Masashi OGUCHI (Hosei University),
Erich PAUER (CEEJA),
Yusuke SUZUMURA (Meijo University)
Nozomi TAKAHASHI (University of Strasbourg),
Kei TAKATA (Hosei University),
Hideto TSUBOI (Nichibunken)

Organized by CEEJA, CGJS & HIJAS
Supported by the Collectivité européenne d'Alsace(France)