Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. B, 28(2), pp. 39-47, June 22, 2002

A Collection ofHypnaceous Mosses from the East Himalaya
and Yunnan, 11
Masanobu Higuchi 1 and David G. Long 2
1

Department of Botany, National Science Museum, 4- 1- 1 Amakubo,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305- 000S , Japan
E-mail: higuchi@kahaku.go.jp
2
Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, Scotland, U.K.
E-mail: d.long@rbge.org.uk

Abstract Thirty four species of the family Hypnaceae are reported from the East Himalaya andYunnan. Among them, Gollania turgens and Macrothamnium leptohymenioides are new additions
to the moss flora of India. Pseudotaxiphyllum pohliaecarpum and Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus are
new to Nepal. Gollania schensiana and Isopterygiopsis muelleriana are new to West Bengal andKashmir respectively.
Key words: bryophytes, mosses, Hypnaceae, Himalayas, Yunnan.

This is a report on the hypnaceous mosses collected mainly by D. G. Long in Nepal, India,
Bhutan and China (Yunnan) in 1991 - 1993, following the report based on the collection in
1975- 90 (cf. Higuchi & Long, 1996). A few collections made by R. J. D. McBeath in Himachal
Pradesh, India, and C. Chadwell in Kashmir,
India, are included. Among the collection, a new
species, Gollania longii Higuchi, has been described (Higuchi 200 I), and moreover we recognized 34 species of hypnaceous mosses. Gollania
turgens and Macrothamnium leptohymenioides
are new additions to the moss flora of India.
Pseudotaxiphyllum pohliaecarpum and Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus are new to Nepal. Gollania
schensiana and Isopterygiopsis muelleriana are
new to West Bengal and Kashmir respectively.
All specimens cited here are deposited in theherbarium of Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh(E), and the duplicates in the herbarium of the
National Science Museum, Tokyo (TNS).
Enumeration of species
1. Campylophyllum halleri (Hedw.) M.
Fleisch., Nov. Guinea 12 Bot. 2: 123 (1914) .
Nepal. Sankhuwasabha District, Nehe Khar-ka, S side of Barun Khola, 3725 m, on rock faceat steep calcareous gully under huge cliffs (Long20786); upper Barun Khola valley, cliffs on S
side of lower Barun Glacier opposite Mera,
4390 m, on boulder at foot of base-rich cliff(Long 20879); upper Barun Khola valley, N bankof Barun Khola at foot of lower Barun Galcier,4390 m, on rock face at calcareous SW-facing
cliffs (Long 20977).
India. Sikkim, West district, Samiti Lake
(Bungmoteng Chho ), foot of Onglakthang Glacier, 4240 m, on shady faces of boulders at grassy
hillside with large calcareous schist boulders(Long 22788).
China. Yunnan Prov., Diqing Pref. , Bai Ma
Shan, mountains N of W pass, 4515 m, on cliff inshady recesses at vertical limestone cliffs (Long24021); Bai Ma Shan, slopes below E pass, 4205
m, on trunk of Rhododendron phaeochrysum(Long 2417 3); Zhongdian County, forested ridge
above Na Pa Hai (N of Zhongdian), 3905 m, on
limestone boulders in steep mossy Abies-Rhododendron forest (Long 24240); Tian Shu Lakeabove Xiaozhongdian, 3825 m, on dead Abies
trunk in dying Abies-Rhododendron forest bylake (Long 24301) ; valley below Tian Shu Lakeabove Xiaozhongdian , 3 710 m, on limestone40

Masanobu Higuchi and David G . Long

boulders at rocky limestone valley with open
Abies-Rhododendron forest (Long 24340); Ge
Zao area ( 15 km N of Zhongdian), 3550 m, on
damp limestone slab at small rocky limestone hill
(Long 18692) ; Da Xue Shan, N of Geza, large
valley 5 km W of pass, 4380 m, on boulders withlimestone scree (Long 23843); Lijiang County,
Mt. Yulong Shan, upper part of Gang Ho Ba Valley, 3370 m, on rock face at vertical limestone
cliffs (Long 18840); Mt. Yulong Shan, head ofvalley above Baishui, 3210 m, on boulders bystream in steep limestone ravine (Long 18913);
Mt. Yulong Shan, Xie Ren Ji Valley above Mu
Shou Go Valley, 3550 m, on shady limestone
blocks at steep limestone valley with scree underdegraded Abies forest (Long 191 05).
Distribution. Europe, Caucasus, Himalayas,
China, Japan and N. America.

2. Ectropothecium sikkimense (Renauld &Cardot) Renauld & Cardot, Bull. Soc. R.
Bot. Belg. 41(1): 109 (1905).
Nepal. Sankhuwasabha District, E side of
Arun Valley, Chichila, 1890 m, on wet rocks bystream in mossy Castanopsis forest (Long20425); forested slopes below Tashigaon, 1980m, on boulder in damp mossy evergreen Daphniphyllum-dominated forest (Long 20523); forested
slopes above Tashigaon , 2240 m, on rock slab indegraded evergreen Quercus lamellosa forest(Long 20539); Pemathang Kharka, S side of
Barun Khola, 3390 m, on sandy ground amongst
boulders at bouldery river bank (Long 20709);
slopes between Hatiya and Arun River, 1580 m,
on wet rock face at degraded scrubby hillside(Long 21193); S slopes of Pawa Khola, W of
Panch Pokhari Khola, 1890 m, on boulder at degraded hillside (Long 21264).
India. Sikkim, South District, I 0 km S ofRabangla, 1615 m, on rock face by road in degraded warm broad-leaved forest (Long 22957);
Rathong Chhu Valley of Yoksam, between Yoksam and Paha Khola, 1890 m, on wet rocks in
Castanopsis forest (Long 22428).
Distribution. India (Mussoorie, W. Bengal,
Sikkim), Nepal and Bhutan.

3. Gollania cylindricarpa (Mitt.) Broth. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. 1(3): 1055 (1908).
Nepal. Sankhuwasabha District, Nehe Kharka, S side of Barun Khola, 3735 m, on damp
grassy ledge on rock slabs at steep eroding calcareous slopes of gully (Long 20772).
Distribution. Nepal , Bhutan, China (Yunnan)
and Taiwan.
This species is similar to G. schensiana and G.
turgens with its well recurved lower leaf margins,but is distinguished from the two by havingstraight stem leaves and long-decurrent leaf
bases.

4. Gollania japonica (Cardot) Ando &Higuchi , H ikobia Suppl. 1: 192 ( 1981 ).
China. Yunnan Prov., Diqing Pref. , between
Deqin and Xiang Yang Po, 18 km S of Deqin ,3185 m, on large mossy boulder by stream at valley with mixed conifer/broad-leaved forest (Long24157).
Distribution. Nepal, China (Yunnan , Sichuan),Taiwan and Japan.
This species resembles G. varians in its blunt
apices and short lamina] cells of stem leaves, but
is easily separated from G. varians by its subjulaceous leafy stems, smooth lamina] cells andshorter costae.
5. Gollania neckerella (Mlill.Hal.) Broth. in
Engl. & Prantl , Nat. Pfl. 1(3): 1055, f. 755( 1908).
China. Yunnan Prov. , Kunming Pref. , Xishan(Western Hills) Forest Park, SW of Kunming,
2220 m, on dry rocks in dry mixed forest on
steep limestone slope (Long 23518).
Distribution. China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi,
Hubei) and Japan.
This rare species has been recorded in limestone areas of cool -temperate deciduous broadleaved forests in China and Japan (Higuchi1985).
6. Gollania revoluta Higuchi , Bull. Natn . Sci .
Mus. , Tokyo , Ser. B, 22( I): 16 ( 1996).
China. Yunnan Prov., Diqing Pref. , Chung

Hypnaceous Mosses from the East Himalaya and Yunnan

Jiang He Valley, below Zhongdian plateau, 3240
m, on bank of gully at steep valley with Abiesbamboo forest (Long 24456).
Distribution. China (Yunnan) .
This species is distinguished from the otherspecies of the genus by having leaves long-decurrent, leaf margins recurved throughout (except
for the apical part) and costae distinct, 1/2- 3/5
the leaf length. This is the third locality for thisspecies (Higuchi & Long 1996).

7. Gollania ruginosa (Mitt.) Broth. in Engl. &Prantl, Nat. Pfl. 1(3): 1055 ( 1908).
China. Yunnan Prov., Chuxiong Pref., 10 km
W of Yipingland, 1775 m, on shady boulder
under trees at dry valley with secondary forest,
Catalpa, etc. (Long 23569).
Distribution. N. W. India, Bhutan, China(Yunnan, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Jilin, Heilongjiang),
Korea, Russia Far East, Taiwan and Japan.

8. Gollania schensiana Higuchi, 1. Hattori
Bot. Lab. 59: 29 (1985).
Nepal. Rasuwa District, N bank of Langtang
Khola, Ghora Tabela, 2990 m, at edge of flush at
damp grassy slope (Long 22071).
India. West Bengal, Darjeeling District, between Ghoom and Tiger Hill , 2465 m, on shadymossy wall at slopes with Cryptomeria and degraded oak scrub (Long 22370).
Distribution. N. W. India, Nepal, Bhutan and
China (Sichuan, Shaanxi). New to West Bengal,
India.
This species resembles G. longii in plant sizeand leaf shape (H iguchi 2001), but differs fromG. longii by having subjulaceous leafy stems, entire leaf margins, thin-walled median lamina!
cells and short double costae.

9. Gollania turgens (Miill.Hal.) Ando, Bot.
Mag. Tokyo 79 : 769 (1966).
Nepal. Sankhuwasabha District, upper Barun
Khola Valley, N bank of Barun Khola at foot oflower Barun Glacier, 4390 m, on boulder below
calcareous SW-facing cliffs (Long 20973).
India. Sikkim, West District, Samiti Lake

41

(Bungmoteng Chho ), foot of Onglakthang Glacier, 4240 m, amongst boulders at grassy hillsidewith large calcareous schist boulders (Long22786).
China. Yunnan Prov. , Diqing Pref., N slopeof Xiao Xue Shan, N of Geza, 3845 m, on litteron steep bank in Abies-Rhododendron forest(Long 23 771); between Deqin and Xiang Yang
Po, 3245 m, on shady log at valley with mixed
conifer/broad-leaved forest (Long 24168); Zhongdian County, forested ridge above Na Pa Hai , N
of Zhongdian, 3780 m , on cliff ledges in steep
limestone ravine in Abies-Rhododendron forest(Long 24265); forested ridge, Sang Shang Ya, E
of Xiaozhongdian, 34 70 m, on mossy tree trunkin limestone ravine in mixed forest with Abies(Long 24413) .
Distribution. Nepal, China (Yunnan, Sichuan,
Gansu, Shaanxi), Russia Far East, Japan, Alaska
and W. Canada. New to India (Sikkim).
This species is distributed from Himalayas
through East Asia to northern North America,
showing an Amphi-Beringian distribution pattern(cf. Higuchi 1985, 1991).

10. Homomallium simlaense (Mitt.) Broth. in
Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. 1(3): I 027 (1908) .
China. Yunnan Prov., Diqing Pref., Bai Ma
Shan, valley N of plateau between mid andW passes, 4195 m, on boulder under shrubs bystream at limestone gorge (Long 24121) .
Distribution. Pakistan, N. W. India and China(Yunnan).
This species is distinguished from other members of the genus by large size of plants, ovatelanceolate leaves and longer lamina! cells (40- 60
Jlm). This is the second record of the species in
Yunnan, China (cf. Higuchi & Suga 1991 ).

11. Hondaella caperata (Mitt.) Ando, B.C.Tan& Z.Iwats. , 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. 74: 357(1993).
Nepal. Kathmandu District, Gokarna forest,
Kathmandu Valley, 1350 m , on tree trunk inmixed deciduous forest (Long 22288).
Distribution . N. W. India, Nepal , Thailand,

42

Masanobu Higuchi and David G. Long

Laos and Myanmar.
Stereodon caperatus was described from Kumaon, N. W. India, by Mitten in 1859. In 1969 it
was treated as a variety of Hondaella brachytheciella, known from Japan, as H. brachytheciella(Broth. & Paris) Ando var. caperata (Mitt.)
Mizush. & An do (cf. An do 1969). Later, a new
combination, Hondaella caperata (Mitt.) Ando,
B.C.Tan & Z.Iwats., was proposed (Tan & Iwatsuki 1993). Higuchi & Takaki (1988) have reported this species from Kathmandu Valley,
Nepal.

12. Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., Spec.
Muse. 291 (1801).
China. Yunnan Prov., Diqing Pref. , Bai Ma
Shan, mountains N of W pass, 4530 m, amongst
limestone blocks at foot of vertical limestone
cliffs (Long 240 18).
Distribution. Cosmopolitan.
13. Hypnum hamulosum Schimp. m B.S.G .,Bryol. Eur. 6: 96 (1854) .
Nepal. Sankhuwasabha District, upper Barun
Khola Valley, tributary valley below Peak 3,
above M era, 4530 m, in scree below cliffs at open
rocky valley (Long 20873); Makalu Base Camp,
4 71 0 m, under large boulder at open rocky hillside (Long 20953) ; mountain ridge N of Barun
Khola, opposite Shipton La, 4260 m, on grassy
slope at exposed rocky ridge (Long 21097).
India. Sikkim, West District, foot of E
Rathong Glacier above Chaunrikhiang, 4575 m ,at base of boulders at moraine slopes (Long22595); tributary of Prek Chhu opposite Lambi,
N of Thangshing, 4080 m, on stony bank at bouldery gully (Long 22740); ridge S of Gocha La,
4830 m , on sandy bank at crest of stable moraine
ridge (Long 22822).
China. Yunnan Prov., Diqing Pref. , Da Xue
Shan, N of Geza, large valley 5 km W of pass,
4380 m, under dwarf Rhododendron at limestone
scree (Long 23844); between Deqin and Xiang
Yang Po, 18 km S of Deqin, 3230 m, on stone onbank at valley with mixed conifer/broad-leaved
forest (Long 24164) .

Distribution. Widely distributed in arcticalpine areas of the Nothern Hemisphere.

14. Hypnum lindbergii Mitt., J. Bot. 2: 123(1864).
Nepal. Sankhuwasabha District, upper Barun
Khola Valley, cliffs on S side of lower Barun
Glacier opposite M era, 4390 m, on boulder atfoot of gully below base-rich cliffs (Long 20880) .
China. Yunnan Prov., Diqing Pref. , Chung
Jiang He Valley, N of Yangtze River, 2975 m , onsilty base of Hippophae by river (Long 24480) ;Weixi County, W side of Litiping Plateau, 3220
m, on turfy bank by stream at open valley (Long24544).
Distribution. Widely distributed in temperate
to arctic areas of the Northern Hemisphere anddisjunctively in S. America (Brasil).
15. Hypnum macrogynum Besch., Ann. Se .
Nat. Bot. ser. 7, 15: 91 (1892).
Nepal. Rasuwa District, slopes of Trisuli
Khola below Dhunche, 1980 m, on rocky bankat terraced cultivated hillside (Long 22005);
Terathum District, between Gupha Pokhari andSikdim, 2890 m, on open grassy bank (Long21585); Sankhuwasabha District, E side of Arun
Valley, ridge between Bhotebas and Chichila,
1945 m, on boulder by path in shady mossy evergreen oak (Castanopsis) forest (Long 20398); Pemathang Kharka, S side of Barun Khola, 3400 m ,amongst boulders on river bank at forested rivervalley (Long 20705); upper Barun Khola Valley,
Shershon below Makalu Base Camp, 4550 m,
amongst boulders on bank at open dry rocky valley (Long 20940); upper Barun Khola Valley, Nbank of Barun Khola at foot of lower Barun
Glacier, 4390 m, in mossy cleft between hugecalcareous boulders on river bank (Long 21005) .
China. Yunnan Prov., Chuxiong Pref., Xiaohewan, SE of Yipinglang, 1890 m, on side ofditch at open cultivated slopes with scattered
Calocedrus (Long 23560); Diqing Pref. , Bai Ma
Shan, by logging road on N-facing slopes below
W pass, 3820 m, on log at gully in degraded
Abies-Betula forest (Long 24102) ; above Jiulong,Hypnaceous Mosses from the East Himalaya and Yunnan

70 km SE of Zhongdian, 3265 m , on mossy bankat valley with mixed Tsuga- , Abies-Quercus forest (Long 243 73).
Distribution. East and South Africa, Madagascar, Mascarene Is. , Nepal , India (Sikkim,
Assam), Bhutan, Burma, Malaysia, China(X izang, Yunnan , Sichuan) and Taiwan .

16. Hypnum pallescens (Hedw.) P.Beauv., Prodr.
67 (1805) .
Nepal. Sankhuwasabha District, Repu Kharka, Barun Khola Valley, N bank, 3860m, on
stem s of Rhododendron in Abies-Rhododendron
forest (Long 2102 5).
Di stribution . Europe, Caucasus, Pakistan,
Kashmir, Nepal , China, Korea, Siberia, Taiwan ,Japan and N . America.
In Nepal this species has been only reported
from the Annapurna Himal area (Ando &Noguchi 1979).

17. Hypnum revolutum (Mitt.) Lindb. , Oefv. K.
Vet. Ak. Foe rh. 23 : 542 ( 1867).
India . Himac hal Pradesh , Miha Nulla, Lahul ,(McBeath 84- 3); Gangpu Valley, 3900 m , atbase of rock (McBeath 2362) ; Sikkim, West
Di strict, Choktsering Chhu, between Bikbari
and Chaunrikhiang, 3990 m , on soil under boulder at bouldery river bank (Long 22587); tributary of Prek Chhu opposite Lambi , N of Thangshing, 4055 m , on bank in bouldery gully (Long22727).
Distribution . Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Pakistan , Himalayas, China, Siberia, N. America,
Greenland, Iceland and Antarctic Peninsula.

18. Isopterygiopsis muelleriana (Schimp.) Z.
lwats. , J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 33: 379 (1970).
India . Kashmir, between Gongosa and Naramag, 3330 m alt. , on rotting tree-stump (Chadwell B93) ; Sikkim, West District, tributary ofPrek Chhu opposite Lambi , N of Thangshing,4065 m, on shady banks amongst boulders atbouldery gully (Long 22735) ; on deep shady calcareous rock crev ice in steep rocky ravine (Lo ng
22759).

43

Distribution. Europe, Pakistan , E. Himalaya,
China, Russia Far East, Japan and N. America.
New to Kashmir.
This species is characterized by its large, thinwalled cortical cells of stem, lacking of pseudoparaphyllia, papillose rhizoids emerging from leafaxils, and is distinguished from 1. pulchella byhaving complanate leafy stems, ovate leaves anddistinctly differentiated cortical cells of stem.

19. Isopterygiopsis pulchella (Hedw.) Z.lwats.,
J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 63 : 450 ( 1987).
Nepal. Sankhuwasabha District, upper valleyof tributary N of Barun Khola, NE of Pemathang
Kharka, 4170 m , on mossy rocks under large
boulder at open rocky alpine valley (Long21076) ; W bank of upper Saldim Khola, nearridge, NW of Hatiya, 2920 m, on shady tree
trunk in mossy Tsuga forest (Long 21151) ; Taplejung District, forested ridge at Manebhanjang,
N end of Milke Danda ridge, 3425 m , on deadtrunk of Rhododendron in mossy Rhododendron
forest (Long 21491).
India. Sikkim, West District, tributary ofPrek Chhu opposite Lambi , N of Thangshing,4065 m , on crumbling soil amongst boulders atbouldery gully (Long 22728); Samiti Lake
(Bungmoteng Chho ), foot of Onglakthang Glacier, 4260 m , on turfy overhang by lake at grassy
hillside with calcareous schist boulders (Long22841) ; between Mon Lapcha and Phedang, S of
Dzongri , 3770 m, on stump in Abies densaRhododendron forest (Long 22896)
China. Yunnan Prov., Diqing Pref. , N slopeof Xiao Xue Shan, N of Geza, 3845 m , in mossy
cleft on rock face in Abies-Rhododendron forest(Long 23767); Deqin County, side valley between Deqin and Mekong River, 3370 m , on rotten log in Abies-Rhododendron forest (Long23966) .
Distribution. Europe, Africa, C. & N. Asia,
Pakistan , Himalayas, Japan , N. America and New
Zealand .

20. Leptocladiella psilura (M itt.) M .Fleisch. ,Musci Fl. Buitenzorg 4 : 1205 ( 1923).

44

Masanobu Higuchi and David G. Long

China. Yunnan Prov. , Zhongdian District, Na
Pa Hai forest, 3550 m, on log in shady Picea-,
Acer-bamboo forest (Long 18645).
Distribution. W. Himalaya, Nepal, Bhutan,
Thailand and China (Yunnan).

21. Macrothamnium leptohymenioides Nog.,
Kumamoto J. Se. Bioi. 11 : 6 ( 1972).
Nepal. Sankhuwasabha District, tributary
valley on N side of Barun Khola NE of Pemathang Kharka, 3400 m, on tree trunk in steep
Abies-Rhododendron forest (Long 21 034).
India . Sikkim, West District, between Mon
Lapcha and Phedang, S of Dzongri, 3795 m, on
trunk of Sorbus in Rhododendron forest (Long22893).
Distribution. Nepal. New to India (Sikkim).
This species is characterized by erect, symmetrical capsules and endostome without cilia, and it
has been only known from three localities in
Nepal (cf. Higuchi & Long 1996).
22. Macrothamnium macrocarpum (Reinw. &Hornsch.) M.Fleisch. , Hedwigia 44: 308( 1905).
Nepal. Sankhuwasabha District, between
Shidua and Tashigaon, 1795 m, on boulder infragment of mossy Castanopsis forest (Long20495); slopes between Hatiya and Arun River,1580 m, on wet rock face at degraded scrubby
hillside (Long 21194); N slope of lower Pawa
Khola, above Karmanam, 1500 m, on shady rocks
at dry degraded valley slopes (Long 21259).
India . Sikkim, West District, Dzongri, 3965
m, at margin of flush at small marshy valley(Long 22629) .
Bhutan. E bank of Thimphu Chu 10 km N
of Thimphu Dzong, 2600 m , on humus at treebase ( Grierson & Long 638); Sarbhang District,
Chirang road between Noonpani and Tori Bari,
18 km post, I 020 m, on rocky bank in warm
broad-leaved forest (Long 10565).
Distribution. Nepal, India, Bhutan, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, China (Yunnan), Java, Philippines, Taiwan and Japan .

23. Macrothamnium submacrocarpum (Renauld & Cardot) M.Fleisch. , Hedwigia 44:308 (1905).
Nepal. Rasuwa District, N bank of Langtang
Khola between Ghora Tabela and Lama Hotel ,2750 m, on top of large mossy boulder in Que reus semecarpifolia forest (Long 22100) .
Distribution. W. Himalaya, Nepal, India,
Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand and Taiwan.
24. Orontobryum hookeri (Mitt.) M.Fleisch. inBroth. in Engl. & Prantl , Nat. Pfl. ed. 2, 11:261 (1925).
Nepal. Taplejung District, Milke Danda ridge
between Manebhanjang and Suke Pokhari, 3405
m, on mossy boulder top in Abies-Rhododendron
forest (Long 2 1506); between Sing Gompa
and Laurebina village, 3550 m, on branch ofJuniperus at Juniperus recurva woodland (Long
22183).
India. Sikkim, West District, Jamlinghang,
Chhurong Chhu valley below Dzongri, 3710 m,
on twigs of Rhododendron lepidotum at steep
rocky side-valley (Long 22521); above Prek
Chhu bridge N of Dzongri , 3720 m, on twigs of
Sorbus in Abies densa-Rhododendron forest on
river bank (Long 22873); between Mon Lapcha
and Phedang, S of Dzongri, 3740 m, on trunkof Sorbus in Abies densa-Rhododendron forest(Long 22897).
Distribution. Nepal, India (Sikkim) andBhutan .
Orontobryum is monotypic and endemic to the
Himalayas. The familial position of the genus
has been not stable. An do ( 1979) stated that thisgenus is not ascribable to any of the families
Hookeriaceae, Pilotrichaceae and Entodontaceae,
and should be placed between the Hypnaceae (s.
lato) and the Hylocomiaceae (s. stricto). Orontobryum is connected with Hy locomium by thepresence of paraphyllia, but in Orontobryum, theparaphyllia are usually not branched and not somany on the stem. Although further study isneeded, it is included here in the Hypnaceae.

Hypnaceous Mosses from the East Himalaya and Yunnan

25. Platygyriella aurea (Schwaegr.) W.R.Buck,
Brittonia 36: 86 (I 984).
Nepal. Between Yamphudin and Mamamkhe,
1830 m, on Ficus roots on rock face at open hillside (Long 17432); Rasuwa District, between
Bharkhu and Syabru, 1940 m, on Lyonia ovalifolia by stream in Pinus wallichiana-Rhododendron arboreum forest (Long 220 14).
Distribution. Nepal, India (Sikkim, Khasia)
and Bhutan.
26. Platygyrium repens (Brid .) Bruch &Schimp. in B.S.G., Bryol. Eur. 5: 98, f. 458(1851 ).
China. Yunnan Prov., Diqing Pref., top of
Chung Jiang He valley, N of Yangtse Valley,3290 m, on stump in partly cleared QuercusRhododendron forest (Long 23619).
Distribution. Widely distributed in temperate
to arctic areas of the Northern Hemisphere.
Plants in the specimen (Long 23619) havebranchlets at leaf-axils near tip of branches, but
their reddish-brown col or of plants is unusual forthis species.

27. Pseudotaxiphyllum pohliaecarpum (Sull.
& Lesq.) Z.Iwats., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 63:
449 (1987).
Nepal. Sankhuwasabha District, E side of
Arun Valley, forested ridge SW of Bhotebas,
2000 m, on steep bank in steep mossy Castanopsis forest (Long 20375); Terathum District,forested slope above Chauki, N side of Tinjure
Danda, 2690 m, on shady rock face in ravine inpartly cleared Rhododendron arboretum-Quercus
semecarpifolia forest (Long 21614) .
Distribution. S. E. Asia, China and Japan.
New to Nepal.
This species has been known from tropical andsubtropical regions in Asia (Iwatsuki 2001). As
far as we know, it has never been recorded in
Nepal.
28. Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not.,
Cronac. Briol. Ital. 2: 17 ( 1867).
Nepal. Sankhuwasabha District, near Kauma,45

S of Shipton La, 3570 m, on grassy bank in clearing in mossy Rhododendron forest (Long 20628);
Pemathang Kharka, S side of Barun Khola, 3420
m, on bank in steep ravine in Betula-Rhododendron forest (Long 20731); between Sing Gompa
and Laurebina village, 3840 m, under dwarf
Rhododendrons at steep rocky hillside (Long22196).
India. Sikkim, West District, Jamlinghang,
Chhurong Chhu valley below Dzongri, 3660 m,
amongst large mossy boulders in Abies densaRhododendron forest (Long 22504); between
Dzongri and Prek Chhu, 4075 m, under Rhododendron lepidotum at open hillside with dwarf
Rhododendron (Long 22649); E slopes of Prek
Chhu valley, W-facing cliffs NE of Thangshing,4425 m, in wet mossy block scree at mossy boulder scree below cliffs (Long 22865).
China. Yunnan Prov. , Diqing Pref., N slopes
near pass, Da Xue Shan, N of Geza, 4350 m, on
litter at N-facing slope with Abies-Rhododendron
forest (Long 23734); Bai Ma Shan, mountains S
of W pass, 4295 m, amongst dwarf Rhododendron at boggy moorland slopes (Long 24048);
Zhongdian County, forested ridge above Na Pa
Hai, N of Zhondgian, 3920 m, in litter in steep
mossy Abies-Rhododendron forest (Long 24247);
above Jiulong, 70 km SE of Zhongdian, 3265 m,
on mossy bank at valley with mixed Tsuga-,
Abies-Quercus forest (Long 24361).
Distribution. Europe, Caucasus, Nepal, India(Sikkim), Bhutan, Burma, China, Taiwan, Japan,
Korea, Siberia, N. America and Greenland.

29. Pylaisia brotheri Besch., Ann. Se. Nat. Bot.
ser. 7, 17: 369 (1893).
China. Yunnan Prov., Diqing Pref., Chung
Jiang He valley, N of Yangtse Valley, 2510 m, on
tree trunk in degraded warm broad-leaved forest(Long 23613); Weixi County, by Chan ChungRiver near Weixi , 2265 m, on old Salix on roadside (Long 24517).
Distribution. China, Korea, Siberia andJapan .

46

Masanobu Higuchi and David G. Long

30. Pylaisia extenta (Mitt.) A.Jaeger, Ber. S.
Gall. Naturw. Ges. 1876- 77: 306 (1878).
China. Yunnan Prov., Diqing Pref., Bai Ma
Shan, by logging road on N-facing slopes below
W pass, 3820 m, on log across stream at gully indegraded Abies-Betula forest (Long 24106) .
Distribution. Nepal and China (Yunnan ,Sichuan).
31. Pylaisia falcata Schimp. in B.S.G. , Bryol.
Eur. 5: 89 (1851).
Bhutan. Thimphu Chu, Taba, Thimphu; scrub
on river bank, 2300 m, on stem of Berberis (Long7880).
China. Yunnan Prov., Diqing Pref., top of
Chung Jiang He valley, N of Yangtse Valley,3290 m, on Que reus trunk in partly cleared Que reus-Rhododendron forest (Long 23618) ; Xia
Geza, by Liutung He River, 3095 m, on base of
Malus in woodland on river bank (Long 23695);
between Wong Shui and Da Xue Shan, N ofGeza, 3575 m, on dead branch amongst shrubs at
steep valley with mixed forest (Long 23720); side
valley between Deqin and Mekong River, 3240
m, on Quercus sapling in mixed Quercus woodland (Long 23947); Zhongdian County, between
Zhongdian and Xiaozhongdian, 3330 m, on trunkof Prinsepia at swampy valley floor with scrub(Long 23624); Sitone tributary valley NE of Xiaozhongdian, 3355 m, on Prunus in mixed woodland in ravine below waterfalls (Long 23652);
forested ridge above Na Pa Hai, N of Zhongdian,
3920 m, on trunk of Sorbus in steep mossy
Abies-Rhododendron forest (Long 24248) ; 3880
m aft., on Lonicera in logged Abies forest (Long24390); Tian Shu Lake above Xiaozhongdian,
3825 m, on dead tree trunk in dying AbiesRhododendron forest by lake (Long 24309) ; valley below Tian Shu Lake above Xiaozhongdian,
3720 m, on Salix at rocky limestone valley with
open Abies-Rhododendron forest (Long 24336);
forested ridge, Sang Shang Ya, E of Xiaozhongdian, on Salix at valley with dense Abies forest(Long 24433).
Distribution. Nepal , Bhutan, Assam, China(Xizang, Yunnan, Sichuan), Mexico, Guatemala,Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Costa Rica and
Venezuela.
32. Pylaisia polyantha (Schreb.) Schimp. in
B.S.G., Bryol. Eur. 5:88 (1851).
China. Yunnan Prov., Diqing Pref., Diqin
County, W side of Deqin valley, 3450 m, on Osteomeles in evergreen oak scrub on rocky hillside(Long 23919).
Distribution. Europe, Caucasus, N. Asia , N.
W. India, China, Japan and N. America.
33. Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus (Lindb.) T.J.
Kop. , Hikobia 6: 19 ( 1972).
Nepal. Sankhuwasabha District, Pemathang
Kharka, S side of Barun Khola, 3500 m, on bankunder cliff in ravine in dense Rhododendron-, Betu/a-Abies forest (Long 20766).
Distribution. Europe, China, Korea, Japan
and N. America. New to Nepal.
This species is closely allied to R. squarrosus(Hedw.) Warnst. According to Koponen ( 1971 ),it is distinguished from R. squarrosus by its pinnate branching (irregularly pinnate in R. squarrosus), less pronounced stem-apex, lowest branchleaves clearly differentiated from stem leaves andwoodland plants (restricted to habitats in whichhuman activities are carried out in R. squarrosus). As far as we know, this species has neverbeen recorded in Nepal.
34. Taxiphyllum taxirameum (Mitt.) M.
Fleisch., Musci Fl. Buitenz. 14: 1435 (1923) .
India. Himachal Pradesh, mountain ridge Nof Mandi , 2000- 3000 m, in Quercus-, Rhododendron-, Pinus wallichiana-Cedrus forest (McBeath
85- 1).
China. Yunnan Prov., Chuxiong Pref., I 0 km
W of Yipinglang, 1775 m, on base of Catalpa at
dry valley with secondary forest (Long 23564);
Kunming Pref., Lunan County, Stone Forest near
Shilin, SE of Kunming, 1760 m, on shady earthbank in limestone karst area (Long 24598).
Distribution. Widely distributed in Southeast
Asia, east to Japan, west to Pakistan, north toRussia Far East and N. & S. America.

Hypnaceous Mosses from the East Himalaya and Yunnan

Acknowledgements
This study was partly supported by a Grant-inAid (no. 13640707) from the Ministry of Education , Science, Sports and Cu lture, Japan.

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