Walsingham House
35 Seething Lane
LondonEC3N 4AH
Tel +44 20 7090 1460
info@ics-shipping.org | ics-shipping.org
This Circular and its attachments (if any) are confidential to the intended recipient and may be privileged.
If you are not the intended recipient, you should contact ICS and must not make any use of it.

19 October 2022
TO:

COVID-19(22)19

LABOUR AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
ALL MEMBERS & ASSOCIATE MEMBERSBIWEEKLY MEMBERS MEETING PARTICIPANTS
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION GROUP PARTICIPANTS

COVID-19 AND MONKEYPOX UPDATE AS OF 19 OCTOBER 2022
Action Required: Globally, as of 18 October 2022, there have been 622,389,418
confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 6,548,492 deaths, reported to WHO. As of 12
October 2022, a total of 12,782,955,639 vaccine doses have been administered.
SITUATION IN NUMBERS BY WHO REGION

GlobalAmericasCases
622,389,418
179,234,782

Deaths6,548,492
2,846,919

EuropeSouth-East Asia
Eastern Mediterranean
AfricaWestern Pacific258,423,319
60,383,848
23,126,948
9,343,931
91,875,826

2,105,754
798,273348,558
174,634
274,341

TOP 12 COUNTRIES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

USA
India
FranceGermany
Brazil
Korea
UK
Italy
Japan
RussiaMOST CASES YESTERDAY
Germany
Korea
China
UkraineItaly
USA
RussiaFranceAustria
Singapore

HIGH FATALITIESYESTERDAY
UkraineFrance
Italy
RussiaChina
Philippines
PolandDenmarkJapan
Indonesia

Registered Office Walsingham House, 35 Seething Lane, London, EC3N 4AH
Registered in England and Wales No. 2532887

11
12

TurkeySpain

Chile
Denmark

Peru
Estonia

Crew changes in UAE
Fujairah has revoked the PCR requirements for the joiners and off-signers. An official
message was promised, but has not been released. The official message will take time and
the Port has implemented the revoke for the ease of business. Crew changes were effected
the last few days, without the PCR test requirements. For Khorfakkan, the PCR rules arestill in place. The authorities are approached and made to understand that no intimations orchanges from their superiors are received.
COVID-19(22)19-Annex-1- ICAO Vaccination Report 11 Oct, 22
COVID-19(22)19-Annex-2- ICAO Travel Testing Report_12 Oct 2022
COVID-19(22)19-Annex-3- Weekly Epidemiological Update
COVID-19(22)19-Annex-4- Monkeypox Update
COVID-19(22)19-Annex-5- JSA Updates
Ondrilla Fernandes
Employment Affairs Advisor

Vaccination Report – 11 October 2022
1. Vaccine Implementation

1WHO’s Emergency Use Listing(EUL) Vaccines (Last Updated 21 September 2022）
Manufacturer

Name of Vaccine

NRA of Record

Vaccine type

Pfizer-BioNTech(US)

BNT162b2/COMIRNATY
Tozinameran (INN)

EMA,USFDA

Nucleoside modified mRNAAZD1222 Vaxzevria

EMA,
MFDS KOREA,
Japan MHLW/PMDA,
Australia TGA,
COFEPRIS(Mexico),
ANMAT(Argentina)

Recombinant ChAdOx1
adenoviral vector encoding the
Spike protein antigen of the
SARS-CoV-2

2

AstraZeneca(UK)

3

Serum Institute of India(India)4

Johnson &Johnson(US)

Ad26.CoV2.S

EMA, DCGI

5

Moderna(US)

mRNA-1273

EMA, USFDA, MFDS

6

Sinopharm Beijing(China)SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine(Vero Cells)

NMPA

Inactivated virus (Vero Cells)

7

Sinovac(China)COVID-19 Vaccine(Vero Cells)

NMPA

Inactivated virus (Vero Cell)

8

Bharat Biotech(India)SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine,
Inactivated (Vero Cell)/
COVAXIN

DCGI

Whole-Virion Inactivated(Vero Cell)

9

Serum Institute of India(India)

NVX-CoV2373/Covovax

10

NOVAVAX(US)

NVX-CoV2373/Nuvaxovid

11

CanSinoBIO(China)Ad5-nCoV

Covishield(ChAdOx1_nCoV-19)

DCGI

DCGI

Recombinant nanoparticle
prefusion spike protein
formulated with Matrix-M™
adjuvant
Recombinant nanoparticle
prefusion spike protein
formulated with Matrix-M™
adjuvant
Recombinant Novel
Coronavirus Vaccine(Adenovirus Type 5 Vector)

EMA

Recombinant ChAdOx1
adenoviral vector encoding the
Spike protein antigen of the
SARS-CoV-2
Recombinant, replication
incompetent adenovirus type
26 (Ad26) vectored vaccine
encoding the (SARS-CoV-2)
Spike (S) proteinmRNA-based vaccine
encapsulated in lipid
nanoparticle (LNP)

NMPA

47 Vaccines Approved by at Least One Country

VaccineTypemRNA

Non Replicating
Viral vector

Inactivatedvirus

Protein
SubunitDNA

Virus-like
Particles
(VLP)

Total

In Use

8

9

11

17

1

1

47

Source: https://covid19.trackvaccines.org/vaccines/approved/#vaccine-list（Last Updated
7 Oct 2022）



Vaccination against COVID-19 has now started in 218 locations(Source: Our World in Data. Last Updated 10 Oct 2022)
Location
Worldwide

Doses Given
12.80 billion

Complete Initial Protocol(% of population)
4.96 billion(62.77 %)Partly Vaccinated(% of population)
5.39 billion(68.18 %)About this data:
a: This data changes rapidly and might not reflect doses still being reported. It may differ from other sites & sources.
b: Where data for full vaccinations is available, it shows how many people have received at least 1 dose and how
many people have been fully vaccinated (which may require more than 1 dose).Where data for full vaccinations isn't
available, the data shows the total number of vaccine doses given to people. Since some vaccines require more than
1 dose, the number of fully vaccinated people is likely lower.
c: It only has full vaccination totals in some locations.

2. Effectiveness of Vaccine and/or Previous Infection against symptomatic
infection for Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants
Vaccine Status
Alpha
1 Dose (BNT162b2 or
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19)

48.7% (95%CI: 45.5-51.7%) 1
66%(BNT162b2) 4
64% (ChAdOx1) 4

1 Dose (mRNA-1273)

83%4

Vaccine Effectiveness
Delta
30.7% (95%CI: 25.2-35.7%) 1
56%(BNT162b2) 4
67%(ChAdOx1) 4
82% (95% CI:73- 91%) 7
72%4

Omicron1 Dose(Sinopharm or Sinovac)

2 Doses (BNT162b2)

93.7% (95%CI: 91.6-95.3) 1
76% (95%CI: 69-81%) 2
89% 4

2 Doses (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19)

74.5% (95%CI: 68.4-79.4%) 1

2 Doses (mRNA-1273)

86%, (95%CI: 81-90.6%)2

13.8%,(95%CI: -60.2-54.8%) 3
88% (95%CI: 85.3-90.1%) 1
42% (95% CI: 13-62%)2
87%4
93%(95% CI: 88-97%/12-18Y)5
93% (95% CI: 88-97%)7
67.0% (95%CI: 61.3-71.8%) 1

76%, (95% CI: 58-87%)2

2 Doses(Sinopharm or
Sinovac)59.0%, (95%CI: 16.0-81.6%)3

3 Doses (BNT162b2)

95.33% (SD 6.44) 6
86.1% (95% CI, 67.3 to 94.1) 11

3 Doses(mRNA-1273)
2 Doses (BNT162b2) +1Dose(mRNA-1273)
2 Doses(ChAdOx1 nCoV19)+1Dose(BNT162b2)
2 Doses (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19)+
1Dose (mRNA-1273)

50% (95% CI: 35%–62%)8

30.4% (95% CI: 5.0%-49.0%) 9

67.2% (95% CI: 66.5- 67.8%) at 2
to 4 weeks10
49.4% (95% CI, 47.1 to 51.6) 11
52.2% (95% CI, 48.1 to 55.9) 12
62.5% (95% CI: 56.2-67.9%) 9
47.3% (95% CI, 40.7 to 53.3) 11
73.9% (95% CI: 73.1- 74.6%) at 2
to 4 weeks10
62.4% (95% CI, 61.8- 63.0) at 2 to
4 weeks10
70.1% (95% CI, 69.5 to 70.7) at 2
to 4 weeks10

2 Doses (BNT162b2)+Previous infection

55.1% (95% CI, 50.9 to 58.9) 12

3 Doses (BNT162b2)+Previous infection

77.3% (95% CI, 72.4 to 81.4) 12
76.1% on BA.4 or BA.5

Previous Omicron Infection(95% CI: 54.9 to 87.3%) 13

References:
1) Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant2) Comparison of two highly-effective mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 during periods of Alphaand Delta variant prevalence3) Efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against the Delta variant infection in
Guangzhou: A test-negative case-control real-world study4) Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against variants of concern in Ontario, Canada
5) Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Delta Variant in Adolescents
6) A RCT of a third dose CoronaVac or BNT162b2 vaccine in adults with two dosesof CoronaVac
7) Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Delta Variant in Adolescents
8) Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Omicron Variant in South Africa
9) Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against SARS-CoV-2 omicron and delta variants10) Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant11) Effect of mRNA Vaccine Boosters against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection in Qatar
12) Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections
13) Protection of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection against reinfection with the BA.4 or BA.5
Omicron subvariants

3. Latest Relevant ArticlesDuration of BA.5 neutralization in sera and nasal swabs from SARS-CoV-2
vaccinated individuals, with or without Omicron breakthrough infection (Published
October 05, 2022)

Protective Effect of Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection against Omicron BA.4 andBA.5 Subvariants (Published October 5,2022)



A Bivalent Omicron-Containing Booster Vaccine against Covid-19(Published
October 6,2022)



Safety, immunogenicity and antibody persistence of a bivalent Beta-containing
booster vaccine against COVID-19: a phase 2/3 trial(Published October 6,2022)



Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters Against Infection,
Hospitalization, and Death: A Target Trial Emulation in the Omicron (B.1.1.529)
Variant Era(Published October 11,2022)

4. Other Information


CDC : Updates on COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness during Omicron(Published
September 1, 2022)



SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
England(Published 7 October, 2022)

andvariants

underinvestigationinMember States Testing and Quarantine Protocols(Updated on 12 October, 2022)
Member States

Pre departure test

Test on Arrival

Quarantine

SourceAfghanistan

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://af.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

Albania

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/albania/entry-requirements

Algeria

PCR test (72 hours prior to
departure) for non-vaccinatedNo testing
travelers or vaccinations older than
9 months

No quarantine

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/algeria/entry-requirements

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://visitandorra.com/en/covid-19-inandorra/faq-if-you-re-spending-a-few-daysin-andorra/

RT-PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure)

Rapid COVID-19 antigen
test at the airport

7 days if test positive on
arrivalhttps://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/angola/entry-requirements

Antigua and Barbuda No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://visitantiguabarbuda.com/traveladvisory/

Argentina

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.argentina.gob.ar/interior/migraci
ones/ddjj-migraciones

Armenia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.gov.am/en/covid-travelrestrictions/

Australia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

Austria

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

Azerbaijan

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://az.usembassy.gov/covid-19information-for-azerbaijan/

BahamasNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://travel.gov.bs/

BahrainNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://healthalert.gov.bh/en/article/entryprocedures-through-kingdom-of-bahrain

AndorraAngolahttps://www.health.gov.au/healthalerts/covid-19/international-travel/inboundhttps://www.austria.info/en/service-andfacts/coronavirus-information/entryregulations

Bangladesh

RT PCR(72 hours prior to
departure) for
Partially/Unvaccinated travelers

Travelers showing
symptoms of COVID-19
7 days if test positive on
on arrival must take a RT- arrival
PCR/Antigen test.

http://caab.gov.bd/circul/AT-Circular-FSR03-2022%20(02June22).pdf

Barbados

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.visitbarbados.org/covid-19travel-guidelines-2022

Belarus

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://gpk.gov.by/covid-19/

Belgium

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.info-coronavirus.be/en/travels/

BelizeNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://belizetourismboard.org/news-andgallery/belize-covid-19-travel-updates/

Benin

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://bj.usembassy.gov/info-covid19/

BhutanNo testing

Travelers are required to 24 hours or until theytake a COVID-19 RT-PCR receive their negative
test on arrival
COVID-19 RT-PCR result.

https://www.drukair.com.bt/TravelInformation/COVID-19-travel-requirements

Bolivia(Plurinational Stateof)

RT-PCR test (72 hours prior to
departure), or COVID-19 nasal
antigen test (48 hours prior to
departure) for
partially/unvaccinated travelers

No testing

No quarantine

https://www.minsalud.gob.bo/es/

Bosnia andHerzegovina

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://granpol.gov.ba/Content/Read/74?title=COVID-19

Botswana

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.atta.travel/media/23172/bots
wana-release-28-sep.jpeg

Brazil

RT-PCR test (24 hours prior to
departure) for
partially/Unvaccinated travelers

No testing

No quarantine

https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou//portaria-interministerial-n-678-de-12-desetembro-de-2022-428660501

Brunei Darussalam

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.bruneitourism.com/covid19travellers-advisory/

No quarantine

https://coronavirus.bg/bg/azsum/zavrashtam-se-bulgaria

Burkina Faso

PCR and RDT tests for
PCR or rapid diagnostic test(5 days travelers without aprior to departure) for
negative pre-departure
partially/Unvaccinated travelers
test result or withsymptoms of COVID-19

72 hours for positive casesof COVID-19 RDT test on
arrivalhttps://www.sante.gov.bf/covid19

BurundiNo testing

PCR test

24 hours while awaiting theresults of the PCR test

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/burundi/entry-requirements

Cabo Verde

PCR test (72 hours prior to
departure ) or an antigen test (48hours prior to departure) for
Partially/Unvaccinated travelers

No testing

No quarantine

https://travel.gov.cv/

Cambodia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.embassyofcambodiadc.org/emb
assy-updates/pr-no-098-easing-of-entryrequirements-march-17-2022

COVID-19 PCR test (72 hours
prior to departure)

Rapid flow testing at
Yaoundé and Douala
international airports.

Anyone that has developed
symptoms of Coronavirus on
https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveltheir travel or tests positive
advice/cameroon/entry-requirements
on arrival at Yaoundé orDouala airport

Bulgaria

No testing

Cameroon

No testingNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://travel.gc.ca/travelcovid?utm_campaign=gac-amc-covidoct122-23&utm_source=covid-19-testingtravellers-coming-intocanada&utm_medium=redirect&utm_conten
t=en&utm_campaign=gac-amc-covid-2021&utm_source=travel-covid_travelrestrictions_flying_&utm_medium=redirect&
utm_content=en#:~:text=Travellers%20drivi
ng%20to%20Canada,ports%20of%20entry

PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure)

Any traveler without anegative PCR test results
will be obliged to take
both a rapid test (TDR)
and RT-PCR test

14 dayshttps://cf.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

CanadaCentral African
RepublicChad

PCR test (96 hours prior to
departure) for unvaccinated andpartially vaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

Chile

PCR(48 hours prior to departure)

Randomly test

7 days if refusing arrival test
https://www.chile.travel/planviajarachile/or positive result

China

2 nucleic acid test (48 hours and24 hours prior to departure).

5 molecular tests(day1,
2,3,5 and 7 after arriving)

7 dayshttp://us.chinaembassy.gov.cn/chn/lsfw/sjc/202205/t20220
518_10688101.htm

Colombia

PCR test( 72 hours prior to
departure) or antigen test (48 hours
prior to departure) for
unvaccinated and partially
vaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

https://coronaviruscolombia.gov.co/Covid19/
index.html

Comoros

PCR test( 72 hours prior to
departure) for unvaccinated andpartially vaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/comoros/entry-requirements

Congo

PCR test( 72 hours prior to
departure)

PCR test

Travellers who test positive
are placed in strict
quarantine,until their control
tests are negative.

https://voyage-congo.com/en/

Cook Islands

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://cookislands.travel/entry

Costa Rica

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.visitcostarica.com/en/costarica/planning-your-trip/entry-requirements

Côte d'Ivoire

PCR test( 72 hours prior to
departure) for not or incompletely
vaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

https://deplacement-aerien.gouv.ci/#/home

Croatia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://hr.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/chad/entry-requirements

Cuba

No testing

Randomly RT-PCR test at
Arrival Test positive travelers https://www.mintur.gob.cu/protocolos/
airportCyprusNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.pio.gov.cy/coronavirus/uploads/
27052022_airportsportsactionplanabolished_EN.pdf

No testing

No quarantine

https://www.mvcr.cz/mvcren/article/as-ofdecember-27th-2021-the-rules-for-entryinto-the-czech-republic-will-be-tightened-forforeign-nationals.aspx

Democratic People's
NA
Republic of Korea

NA

NA

Democratic
Republic of theCongo

PCR test(48 hours prior to
departure) for Unvaccinated andpartially vaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/democratic-republic-of-thecongo/entry-requirements

Denmark

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://en.coronasmitte.dk/travelrules/covidtravelrules

Djibouti

PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure) for not fully vaccinatedor unvaccinated

PCR test at airport for not test COVID-19 positive on
fully vaccinated travellers the arrival test

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/djibouti/entry-requirements#entryrules-in-response-to-coronavirus-covid-19

Dominica

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://discoverdominica.com/en/traveladvisory-for-dominica

Dominican Republic No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.godominicanrepublic.com/newsroom/coronavirus/

Rapid antigen
testing(nasopharyngealswab) for who presents
signs or symptoms of
COVID-19 during theflight or at the time ofarrival in Ecuador

10 days if testing positiveon arrival

https://www.aeropuertoquito.aero/es/protoco
lo-covid-19.html

Czechia

EcuadorNo testing

RT-PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure) for unvaccinated andpartially vaccinatedEgyptNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.visa-egypt.com/articles/travelrestrictions

El Salvador

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.dfa.ie/travel/travel-advice/a-zlist-of-countries/el-salvador/

Equatorial Guinea

PCR ( 48 hours prior to departure)

Rapid COVID-19 test

No quarantine

https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noti
cias/orden_por_la_que_se_levanta_de_cua
rentena_hotelera_obligatoria

Eritrea

PCR test (72 hours prior to
departure)

Rapid antigen test

14 days if testing positive on https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travelarrivaladvice/eritrea/entry-requirements

Estonia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://kriis.ee/en/travelling-crossing-stateborder/travelling-estonia

Eswatini

PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure) for unvaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.thekingdomofeswatini.com/trav
el-advice/

Ethiopia

RT PCR test (120 hours prior to
departure)

No testing

14 days if without negative
PCR COVID-19 test resulton arrival

https://www.evisa.gov.et/travelupdates/entry-restrictions-to-ethiopia

Fiji

No testing

Randomly Rapid Antigen
Test (within 72 hours ofarrival )A minimum of 5 days if test
positive on arrival

https://www.mcttt.gov.fj/fiji-entry-conditions/Finland

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.visitfinland.com/en/practicaltips/covid-19/

No quarantine

https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/comingto-france/coming-to-france-your-covid-19questions-answered/article/coming-tofrance-your-covid-19-questionsanswered?var_mode=calcul

FranceNo testingNo testingGabonNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://ga.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizenservices/coronavirus-update/GambiaRT-PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure) for unvaccinated andpartially vaccinatedRapid Diagnostic Test

If testing positive on arrival

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/the-gambia/entry-requirements

Georgia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://georgia.travel/en_US/article/covidtravel-alert

Germany

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/faqs/
EN/topics/civilprotection/coronavirus/coronavirusfaqs.html

Ghana

PCR test (48 hours prior to
departure) for partially vaccinatedor Unvaccinated

Antigen test for Partially
vaccinated or
unvaccinated

7 days if testing positive on
arrivalhttps://www.gacl.com.gh/updated_guidelines/

GreeceNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://travel.gov.gr/#/GrenadaNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://bb.usembassy.gov/covid-informationgrenada/

GuatemalaNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://gt.usembassy.gov/alert-covid-19-2/

GuineaNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/guinea/entry-requirements#entryrules-in-response-to-coronavirus-covid-19

Guinea-Bissau

PCR test(within 48 hours prior to
departure)

Travlers display any
symptoms for COVID-19
on arrival

14 days If someone on yourflight is thought to have
COVID-19,https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/guinea-bissau/entry-requirements

Guyana

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.health.gov.gy/

Haiti

Antigen or PCR test(72 hours prior
to departure) for unvaccinatedare required

No testing

No quarantine

https://www.mspp.gouv.ht/

Honduras

PCR, Antigen or ELISA test (72hours prior to departure) for
UnvaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

https://hn.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

Hungary

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.police.hu/en/content/for-theattention-of-travelers

Iceland

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://island.is/en/p/entry

India

RT-PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure) for Not fully vaccinatedor UnvaccinatedRandom testing(2% of thetotal passengers in theflight)No quarantine

https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/GuidelinesforI
nternationalarrivalsupdatedon02September
2022.pdf

Indonesia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://covid19.go.id/artikel/2022/07/08/surat-edaran-kasatgas-nomor-22-tahun-2022

Iran (Islamic
Republic of)

PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure)at airport

14 days if testing positive on https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travelarrivaladvice/iran/entry-requirements

Iraq

Unvaccinated are required PCR
test(72 hours prior to departure)

No testing

No quarantine

https://iq.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

No quarantine

https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/77952government-advice-on-internationaltravel/#passengers-arriving-into-irelandfrom-outside-eueea-eu-iceland-lichtensteinand-norway

Ireland

No testingNo testingIsraelNo testing

PCR testing for who feels
sick within 10 days ofarriving

No quarantine

https://corona.health.gov.il/en/abroad/arrivin
g-foreign-nationals/

Italy

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.esteri.it/en/ministero/normativao
nline/focus-cittadini-italiani-in-rientro-dallestero-e-cittadini-stranieri-in-italia/

Jamaica

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/jamaica/entry-requirements

Japan

PCR test (72 hours prior to
departure) for not fully vaccinatedand boosted

No testing

No quarantine

https://www.mofa.go.jp/ca/fna/page4e_0010
53.html

JordanNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

http://international.visitjordan.com/MediaCe
nter/ShowNews/33#news

Kazakhstan

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://kz.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

Kenya

PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure) for unvaccinatedRapid antigen test for whowith no proof of
vaccination or a PCR test No quarantine
or those with flu-like
symptoms

https://www.kcaa.or.ke/covid-19/covid-19travel-requirements

Kiribati

No testing for fully vaccinatedTesting within three daysof arrival.

No quarantine

https://mhms.gov.ki/

KuwaitNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://kw.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

Kyrgyzstan

No testingNo testing for fully
vaccinatedNo quarantine

https://kg.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

Lao People's
ATK test (48 hours prior to
Democratic Republic
departure) for unvaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/statements/notices/3587-travel-advisory-for-entry-andexit-of-lao-pdr-during-the-implementation-ofmeasures-to-prevent,-control-and-respondto-the-covid-19-pandemic

LatviaNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.spkc.gov.lv/lv/valstusaslimstibas-raditaji-ar-covid-19-0

LebanonNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.moph.gov.lb/en

Lesotho

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/lesotho/entry-requirements

Liberia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.nphil.gov.lr/index.php/liberiahealth-ministry-introduces-new-covid-19protocols-for-travelers/

Libya

PCR test(48 hours prior to
departure)

Antigen test for who withsymptoms

10 dayshttps://ly.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

Lithuania

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://nvsc.lrv.lt/en/information-on-covid19/for-arrivals-from-abroad

Luxembourg

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://covid19.public.lu/en/travellers/visiting-luxembourg.html

Madagascar

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://madagascar-tourisme.com/en/travelalerts-for-madagascar/

Malawi

PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure) for partially vaccinatedor UnvaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.malawitourism.com/traveladvice/Malaysia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.malaysia.travel/travel-alert

Maldives

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://immigration.gov.mv/faq-for-visitingthe-maldives/

PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure) for partially vaccinatedor UnvaccinatedTravelers who aresuspected of having
COVID-19

14 days if testing positive on https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travelarrivaladvice/mali/entry-requirements

Malta

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://deputyprimeminister.gov.mt/en/health-promotion/covid-19/Pages/travel.aspx

Marshall Islands

No testing (travelers must be fully
vaccinated against Covid-19 with
the Primary series and boosted as
eligible)

Rapid Antigen Test

5 dayshttps://ndmo.gov.mh/rmi-covid19information/

Mauritania

Partially vaccinated or
Unvaccinated are required PCR
test (three days prior to departure)

No testing

No quarantine

https://mr.usembassy.gov/covid-19information-2/

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://mauritiusnow.com/mauritius-traveladvice/

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/eua/index.php/
en/2016-04-09-20-40-51/tourism/1760mexico-s-covid-19-monitoring-system

Fully vaccinated (including booster
Micronesia
doses if eligible)with PCR test (72(Federated States of)hours prior to departure)

No testing

No quarantine

https://gov.fm/index.php/fsmpio

MonacoNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://covid19.mc/en/travel/i-come-fromabroad/

Mongolia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/mongolia/entry-requirements#entryrules-in-response-to-coronavirus-covid-19

Mali

Mauritius

MexicoMontenegro
No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://me.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

MoroccoNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.onda.ma/Je-suisPassager/Guide-du-voyageur/Newsa%C3%A9roportuaires-COVID19

Mozambique

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://mz.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

Myanmar

Fully vaccinated with COVID-19
RDT antigen test (48 hours prior
to departure)

Antigen Rapid Diagnostic
Test

5 days if unable to showeither a vaccination
certificate or negative
COVID-19 RDT antigen test
resulthttps://tourism.gov.mm/covid-19/

Namibia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://op.gov.na/

Nauru

PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure)

Rapid Antigen Test on
arrival at the airport

13 days if testing positive on https://www.nauruair.com/travel-info/covidarrival
19-update

Nepal

RT-PCR, True NAAT, Gene Xpert
Test(72 hours prior to departure)for partially vaccinated or
UnvaccinatedTravelers with COVID-19
symptoms andunvaccinated travelers

No quarantine

https://www.immigration.gov.np/post/notice5

Netherlands

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.government.nl/topics/coronaviru
s-covid-19/visiting-the-netherlands-fromabroad/checklist-entry

New Zealand

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://covid19.govt.nz/internationaltravel/travel-to-new-zealand-by-air/Nicaragua

PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure) for partially vaccinatedor UnvaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.intur.gob.ni/2020/09/21/nicaragua-reanuda-vuelos-comerciales/Niger

PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure) for Partially vaccinatedor Unvaccinatedantigen test forunvaccinated

7 days if without a negative
pre-departure test or proofof vaccination

https://www.gouv.ne/index.php/lescommuniques-du-gouvernement/296-auconseil-des-ministres-le-gouvernementreitere-son-engagement-a-remplacer-lessalles-de-classe-en-paillote-par-des-sallesde-classe-en-materiaux-definitifs

Nigeria

PCR test( 48hrs prior to
departure)for unvaccinated andpartially vaccinatedDays 2 and 7 post-arrival
PCR tests forunvaccinated and partially
vaccinatedNo quarantine

https://covid19.ncdc.gov.ng/advisory/

North Macedonia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://koronavirus.gov.mk/en/seek-help-orreport-irregularities/application-for-peoplereturning-from-travels

NorwayNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.udi.no/en/corona/about-thecorona-situation/

Oman

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.omanairports.co.om/news/updat
e-on-travel-restrictions-related-to-covid-19/

Pakistan

PCR test(72 hours prior to
departure) for partially vaccinatedor UnvaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

https://covid.gov.pk/travel-guidelines

Palau

No testing(Mandatory proof of
vaccination)

No testing

10 days if close contact withhttps://www.palaugov.pw/travel/someone with COVID-19

PanamaNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.tourismpanama.com/plan-yourvacation/advisories/

Papua New Guinea

No testing (Mandatory proof of
vaccination for entry)

No testing

No quarantine

https://www.papuanewguinea.travel/traveladvice-update

Paraguay

RT-PCR / LAMP / NAAT test(72hours prior to departure) for
No testing
Partially vaccinated or UnvaccinatedNo quarantine

https://www.migraciones.gov.py/index.php/tr
amites/ingreso-y-salida-del-pais/exigenciassanitarias-vigentes-por-covid-19-para-elingreso-al-paraguay

Peru

Molecular test test(48 hours prior
to departure) for partially
vaccinated or UnvaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/normaslega
les/decreto-supremo-que-modifica-eldecreto-supremo-n-184-2020-decretosupremo-no-151-2021-pcm-1988484-1/

Philippines

RT-PCR or antigen test(48 hours
prior to departure) for Vaccinatedtravelers without a booster
shot,Partially vaccinated, or
UnvaccinatedNo testing

exempted for Fully
Vaccinatedhttps://philippines.travel/safetrip

PolandNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.gov.pl/web/koronawirus/informa
cje-dla-podrozujacych

Portugal

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.visitportugal.com/en/node/4467
81

Qatar

PCR test (48 hours prior to
departure) or Rapid Antigen Test
(24 hours prior to departure)

Rapid Antigen (RAT) test
within a period of 24hours upon arrival

Travelers who test positive
for COVID-19 after arriving

https://covid19.moph.gov.qa/EN/travel-andreturn-policy/Pages/default.aspx#visitors

Republic of Korea

No testing

PCR test (within 1 day
after arrival)

No quarantine

https://overseas.mofa.go.kr/usen/brd/m_4500/list.do

Republic of Moldova No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.border.gov.md/index.php/traver
sarea-frontierei-perioada-pandemica

Romania

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://romaniatourism.com/traveladvisory.html

Russian Federation

PCR test ( 48 hours prior to
departure)

No testing

No quarantine

https://washington.mid.ru/en/

RwandaNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.rbc.gov.rw/index.php?id=745

Saint Kitts and Nevis No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.stkittstourism.kn/travelrequirements

Saint Lucia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.stlucia.org/en/covid-19/

Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

http://health.gov.vc/health/index.php/covid19-protocols-documents

Samoa

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.health.gov.ws/

San Marino

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.esteri.sm/pub2/EsteriSM/en/Co
vid/Covid.html

Sao Tome andPrincipe

Antigen test(48 hours prior todepature)or PCR (72 hours prior todepature)for who do not have thevalid digital vaccination certificate.

No testing

No quarantine

https://portaldascomunidades.mne.gov.pt/pt/
vai-viajar/conselhos-aosviajantes/africa/sao-tome-e-principe

Saudi Arabia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.moi.gov.sa/wps/portal/Home/Ho
me/dphome/!ut/p/z1/rVK5csIwEO35Cqeg9GiRbCFKDYVtrgwQLjUe4QMriWUOD07PjKkSArwZMgWO7urfXvpIdGyrNZF0NqYxv
mpHnaQ0PKsdrJUhZbvaI02goa9qdf3fQcP
YcIAeDDhyEYCMwpWiKBRKTLfZmhTV4oK1aV1G2oz
azIEysqdJno0pLHNtSBNuikOl21CUaZOieX

Senegal

PCR or RT-PCR test (72 hours
No testingprior to depature) for UnvaccinatedNo quarantine

https://sn.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

SerbiaNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/citizens/travelserbia/covid-19-entry-requirements

No testingSeychelles

PCR ( 72 hours prior to departure)or Rapid antigen test (24 hours
prior to depature) for Partially
vaccinated or UnvaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

http://www.health.gov.sc/index.php/2022/03/
15/health-entry-conditions/

Sierra Leone

No testing

PCR test on arrival forunvaccinated travelers

while waiting for the resultsof arrival PCR test and if
testing positive on arrival

https://travel.gov.sl/faq

Singapore

PCR test or Antigen Rapid Test( 2days prior to departure) for Not
Fully VaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.ica.gov.sg/enter-transitdepart/entering-singapore

Slovakia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.mzv.sk/web/en/covid-19

Slovenia

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.gov.si/en/topics/coronavirusdisease-covid-19/border-crossing/Solomon Islands

PCR test ( 72 hours prior to
departure)

No testing

No quarantine

https://www.flysolomons.com/plan/australiasolomon-islands-travel-advice

Somalia

PCR ( 72 hours prior to departure)for partially vaccinated or
Unvaccinated

Antigen Rapid Test for
who are not fully
vaccinated and do nothave pre-departure
testing proof on arrival

14 days if arrival test
positive.

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/somalia/entry-requirements

South Africa

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.gov.za/covid-19/individualsand-households/travel-coronavirus-covid-19

South Sudan

PCR ( 72 hours prior to departure)for Partially vaccinated or
UnvaccinatedAg-RDT Test for who
presents signs or
symptoms of COVID-19
on arrival

If arrival test positive.

https://ss.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

SpainNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.sanidad.gob.es/en/profesionale
s/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasActual/nCov/s
pth.htm

Sri Lanka

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://srilanka.travel/helloagain/

Sudan

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://sd.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

Suriname

PCR test (48 hours prior to
departure) or antigen test( 24 hours
No testingprior to departure) for nonvaccinatedNo quarantine

https://www.flyslm.com/travelinformation/pre-flight/travel-documents-andrequirements/travel-requirements

No quarantine

https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/thepublic-health-agency-ofsweden/communicable-diseasecontrol/covid-19/recommendations-forthose-travelling/

SwedenNo testingNo testing

Switzerland

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/en/home/kra
nkheiten/ausbrueche-epidemienpandemien/aktuelle-ausbruecheepidemien/novel-cov/empfehlungen-fuerreisende/quarantaene-einreisende.html#924144951

Syrian Arab Republic

PCR ( 72 hours prior to departure)for not fully vaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/syria/entry-requirements

Tajikistan

PCR test ( 72 hours prior to
departure) for not fully vaccinatedRandom PCR test on
arrival.

if arrival test positive.

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/tajikistan/entry-requirements

ThailandNo testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.tatnews.org/

Timor-Leste

No testingNo testing

10 days for non-fullvaccinatedhttps://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/timor-leste/entry-requirements

Togo

Partially vaccinated or
Unvaccinated are required PCR
test (5 days prior to departure)

No testing

No quarantine

https://voyage.gouv.tg/?language=en

Tonga

Rapid Antigen Test (three (3) days
No testingprior to departure)

5 days from the date of
testing positive.

https://citizensregistration.gov.to/wp/

No quarantine

https://health.gov.tt/preparation-for-entry

Trinidad and Tobago No testing

Tunisia

TürkiyeNo testing

PCR test (48 hours prior to
departure) or rapid lateral flow test Random rapid lateral flow 5 days or more from the(24 hours prior to departure) for not or PCR test.
date of testing positive.
fully vaccinatedhttps://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/tunisia/entry-requirements

No testing

No quarantine

https://www.tga.gov.tr/fight-against-covid19-in-turkey/

7 dayshttps://usa.tmembassy.gov.tm/en

No testing

Turkmenistan

Partially vaccinated are required
PCR test and a serology antibodies PCR test
(IgM, IgG) test(48 hours prior to
departure)

TuvaluNA(Scheduled commercial flights to and from Tuvalu have been suspended since mid-2020)

https://fj.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizenservices/covid-19-information/

UgandaPCR test ( 72 hours prior to
departure) for not fully vaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-traveladvice/uganda/entry-requirements#entryrules-in-response-to-coronavirus-covid-19

Ukraine

NA

NA

NA

https://visitukraine.today/United ArabEmirates

PCR test (48 hours prior to
departure) for unvaccinatedNo testing

No quarantine

https://covid19.ncema.gov.ae/en/News/Deta
ils/2316

United Kingdom

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/allcovid-19-travel-restrictions-removed-in-theukUnited Republic of
Tanzania

Unvaccinated, not fully vaccinated Rapid test for not fully
vaccinated, unvaccinatedand and those not eligible forand those not eligible for
vaccination due to theirvaccination due to theircountry policies are required RTIf arrival test positive.
country policies and have
PCR test or Nucleic Acid
Amplification Test (72 hours prior to no negative COVID-19 RTPCR certificate
departure)https://www.moh.go.tz/en/search?q=travel

United States

No testing

No quarantine

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019ncov/travelers/noncitizens-US-air-travel.html

Uruguay

PCR-RT or antigen test (72 hours
No testingprior to departure) for UnvaccinatedNo quarantine

https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-saludpublica/comunicacion/publicaciones/requisit
os-para-ingreso-uruguay-personasnacionales-extranjeras

Uzbekistan

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://uz.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

Vanuatu

No testingNo testing

No quarantine

https://covid19.gov.vu/

Venezuela
PCR-RT or antigen test (72 hours
No testing(Bolivarian Republicprior to departure) for Unvaccinatedof)

No quarantine

https://ve.usembassy.gov/covid-19information/

No quarantine

https://en.baochinhphu.vn/viet-nam-toscrap-covid-19-test-requirements-forvaccinated-entrants-from-mid-may11122051320312898.htm

Viet Nam

No testingNo testingNo testing

NA

NA

NA

ZambiaPCR (72 hours prior to departure)
for Unvaccinated

Antigen Rapid Test if noproof of vaccination orvalid PCR test result,orshowing symptoms of
COVID-19 on arrival

until test result is negative.

https://www.zambiaimmigration.gov.zm/covi
d-19-news/guidelines-and-measures-atzambian-international-airports/

Zimbabwe

PCR (48 hours prior to departure)for partially vaccinated andUnvaccinated

PCR test if no proof of
vaccination or valid PCR
test result,or showing
symptoms of COVID-19
on arrival

No quarantine

https://zimbabwetourism.net/covid19guidelines-for-travellers/

Yemen

Note: The latest updated content is highlight in red.

COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update
Edition 113 published 12 October 2022
In this edition:• Global overview• Special Focus: Update on SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest and variants of concern• WHO regional overviews

Global overview
Data as of 9 October 2022
Globally, the number of new weekly cases decreased by 10% during the week of 3 to 9 October 2022 ascompared to the previous week, with over 2.8 million new cases reported (Figure 1, Table 1). The number of
new weekly deaths remained stable (-1%) as compared to the previous week, with about 9000 fatalities
reported. As of 9 October 2022, over 618 million confirmed cases and over 6.5 million deaths have been reported
globally.
At the regional level, the number of newly reported weekly cases decreased or remained stable across the six
WHO regions: the African Region (-41%), the South-East Asia Region (-25%), the Western Pacific Region (-21%),the Eastern Mediterranean Region (-14%), the Region of the Americas (-10%) and the European Region (-3%).
The number of new weekly deaths decreased or remained stable across five regions: the African Region (-53%),
the South-East Asia Region (-23%), the European Region (-12%), the Eastern Mediterranean Region (similar tothe previous week) and the Western Pacific Region (+1%); while the number of deaths increased in the Regionof the Americas (+11%).
Figure 1. COVID-19 cases reported weekly by WHO Region, and global deaths, as of 9 October 2022**

20 000 000
15 000 000

Cases

120 000

AmericasSouth-East Asia
EuropeEastern Mediterranean
AfricaWestern Pacific
Deaths100 000
80 00060 000

10 000 000
40 0005 000 000

20 000

Reported week commencing**See Annex 1: Data, table, and figure notes
1

03-Oct22-Aug11-Jul30-May18-Apr

24-Jan07-Mar

13-Dec01-Nov

20-Sep09-Aug28-Jun05-Apr17-May22-Feb

11-Jan30-Nov

19-Oct07-Sep27-Jul15-Jun04-May23-Mar

10-Feb030-Dec0

Deaths

25 000 000

At the country level, the highest numbers of new weekly cases were reported from Germany (508 749 newcases; +12%), China (333 830 new cases; +10%), France (323 787 new cases; +4%), the United States of America(283 220 new cases; -9%) and Italy (280 947 new cases; +30%). The highest numbers of new weekly deaths werereported from the United States of America (2817 new deaths; +3%), Brazil (767 new deaths; +168%), theRussian Federation (731 new deaths; +3%), Japan (567 new deaths; +1%) and China (412 new deaths; +12%).
Current trends in reported COVID-19 cases and deaths should be interpreted with caution as several countries
have been progressively changing COVID-19 testing strategies, resulting in lower overall numbers of tests
performed and consequently lower numbers of cases detected. Additionally, data from previous weeks arecontinuously updated to retrospectively incorporate changes in reported COVID-19 cases and deaths made bycountries.
Table 1. Newly reported and cumulative COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths, by WHO Region, as of 9 October 2022**
New cases
in last 7
days (%)

Change in
new cases
in last 7
days *

Cumulative
cases (%)

New
deaths inlast 7days (%)

Change in
new deaths inlast 7 days *Cumulativ
e deaths(%)

1 667 907
(58%)

-3%

256 019 483
(41%)

2 860
(32%)

-12%

2 099 252
(32%)

Western Pacific

770 302
(27%)

-21%

90 869 335
(15%)

1 573
(17%)

1%

272 778(4%)

Americas396 937
(14%)

-10%

178 832 851
(29%)

4 170
(46%)

11%

2 842 923
(43%)

South-East Asia

37 197(1%)-25%

60 339 540
(10%)

281
(3%)

-23%

797 934(12%)

Eastern
Mediterranean

17 913(1%)-14%

23 107 748
(4%)

100
(1%)

<1%

348 478(5%)

Africa

3 749
(<1%)

-41%

9 337 461
(2%)

18
(<1%)

-53%

174 566(3%)

Global

2 894 005
(100%)-10%

618 507 182(100%)

9 002(100%)-1%

6 535 944
(100%)WHO Region

Europe*Percent change in the number of newly confirmed cases/deaths in the past seven days, compared to seven days prior. Data from previous
weeks are updated continuously with adjustments received from countries.
**See Annex 1: Data, table, and figure notes

For the latest data and other updates on COVID-19, please see:• WHO COVID-19 Dashboard• WHO COVID-19 Weekly Operational Update and previous editions of the Weekly Epidemiological Update• WHO COVID-19 detailed surveillance data dashboard• WHO COVID-19 policy briefs

2

Figure 2. COVID-19 cases per 100 000 population reported by countries, territories and areas, 3 - 9 October 2022***See Annex 1: Data, table, and figure notes3Figure 3. COVID-19 deaths per 100 000 population reported by countries, territories and areas, 26 September - 3 - 9 October 2022****See Annex 1: Data, table, and figure notes

4Special Focus: Update on SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest and variants of concern
Prevalence of VOCs
Globally, from 10 September to 10 October 2022, 101 538 SARS-CoV-2 sequences were shared through GISAID.
Among these, 101 441 sequences were the Omicron variant of concern (VOC), accounting for 99.9% of sequences
reported in the past 30 days. There continues to be a number of Omicron descendent lineages under monitoringi.
During epidemiological week 37 (12 to 18 September 2022), Omicron BA.5 descendent lineages continued to be
dominant accounting for 76.2% of sequences submitted to GISAID; followed by BA.4 descendent lineages (including
BA.4.6), which accounted for 7.0%; and BA.2 descendent lineages (including BA.2.75), which accounted for 3.9% ofsequences. During the same week (12 to 18 September), unassigned sequences (presumed to be Omicron) accounted
for 12.8% of sequences submitted to GISAID.

i

WHO tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants
5WHO regional overviews:

Region of the Americas

Epidemiological week 3 - 9 October 2022**

African Region

The Region of the Americas reported just under 397 000 new cases, a 10%
decrease as compared to the previous week. Six (11%) of the 56 countries forwhich data are available reported an increase in the number of new cases of
20% or greater, with the greatest proportional increases seen in Honduras(273 vs 55 new cases; +396%), Bermuda (66 vs 32 new cases; +106%) andCuraçao (22 vs 11 new cases; +100%). The highest numbers of new cases werereported from the United States of America (283 220 new cases; 85.6 newcases per 100 000; -9%), Brazil (42 613 new cases; 20.0 new cases per
100 000; -11%) and Chile (21 425 new cases; 112.1 new cases per 100 000;-12%).

The African Region reported over 3700 new weekly cases, a 41% decrease ascompared to the previous week. Nine (18%) countries reported increases in
the number of new cases of 20% or greater, with some of the greatest
proportional increases seen in Mauritania (46 vs 32 new cases; +44%), Mali
(56 vs 40 new cases; +40%) and Eswatini (26 vs 20 new cases; +30%). The
highest numbers of new cases were reported from South Africa (2020 new
cases; 3.4 new cases per 100 000 population; +26%), Nigeria (385 new cases;<1 new case per 100 000; +57%) and Réunion (356 new cases; 39.8 new cases
per 100 000; -43%).

The number of new weekly deaths increased by 11% in the Region ascompared to the previous week, with over 4100 new deaths reported. The
highest numbers of new deaths were reported from the United States ofAmerica (2817 new deaths; <1 new death per 100 000; +3%), Brazil (767 newdeaths; <1 new death per 100 000; +168%) and Canada (176 new deaths; <1
new death per 100 000; -9%).
9 000 000

Cases

African Region

300 000

6 000

8 000 000

5 000

7 000 000

3 000
150 000
2 000

100 000

Cases

4 000

200 000

Region of the Americas

60 00050 00040 0005 000 000
30 0004 000 000
3 000 000

20 0002 000 000
10 000

1 000

50 0000030-Dec10-Feb23-Mar04-May15-Jun27-Jul
07-Sep19-Oct30-Nov
11-Jan22-Feb05-Apr17-May28-Jun09-Aug20-Sep01-Nov
13-Dec24-Jan07-Mar
18-Apr30-May11-Jul
22-Aug03-Oct0

1 000 000030-Dec10-Feb23-Mar04-May15-Jun27-Jul
07-Sep19-Oct30-Nov
11-Jan22-Feb05-Apr17-May28-Jun09-Aug20-Sep01-Nov
13-Dec24-Jan07-Mar
18-Apr30-May11-Jul
22-Aug03-Oct

Cases

Cases
Deaths6 000 000

250 000

Deaths350 000

Reported week commencing

Reported week commencing

Updates from the African Region

Updates from the Region of the Americas
6

DeathsThe number of new weekly deaths in the Region decreased by 53% ascompared to the previous week, with 18 deaths reported. The highest
numbers of new deaths were reported from South Africa (nine new deaths;<1 new death per 100 000 population; -44%), Algeria (two new deaths; <1
new death per 100 000; no deaths reported in the previous week) andZimbabwe (two new deaths; <1 new death per 100 000; -33%).

Eastern Mediterranean Region

European Region

The Eastern Mediterranean Region reported over 17 900 new cases, a 14%
decrease as compared to the previous week. Three (22%) countries reported
an increase in new cases of 20% or greater, with the highest proportional
increases observed in Morocco (125 vs 89 new cases; +40%) and Kuwait (744
vs 579 new cases; +29%). The highest numbers of new cases were reported
from Qatar (5144 new cases; 178.5 new cases per 100 000; -5%), the Islamic
Republic of Iran (3389 new cases; 4.0 new cases per 100 000; +30%) and theUnited Arab Emirates (2545 new cases; 25.7 new cases per 100 000; -6%).

In the European Region, the number of new weekly cases remained similar(-3%) to the number of cases reported during the previous week, with over
1.6 million new cases reported. Five (8%) countries reported increases in newcases of 20% or greater, with some of the highest proportional increases
observed in San Marino (221 vs 157 new cases; +41%), Austria (96 973 vs
77 688 new cases; +25%) and Greece (54 649 vs 45 001 new cases; +21%).
The highest numbers of new cases were reported from Germany (508 749
new cases; 611.7 new cases per 100 000; +12%), France (323 787 new cases;
497.8 new cases per 100 000; +4%) and Italy (280 947 new cases; 471.1 newcases per 100 000; +30%).

The number of new weekly deaths in the Region was similar to the previous
week, with 100 new deaths reported. The highest numbers of new deaths
were reported from the Islamic Republic of Iran (62 new deaths; <1 newdeath per 100 000; +7%), Saudi Arabia (12 new deaths; <1 new death per
100 000; similar to the previous week), Lebanon (seven new deaths; 1 newdeath per 100 000; similar to the previous week) and Pakistan (seven new
deaths; <1 new death per 100 000; +75%).
Eastern Mediterranean Region

9 000

14 000 000

8 000

12 000 000

European RegionCases

45 00040 000Deaths700 000

7 000

600 000

6 000

10 000 000

500 000

5 000

8 000 000

25 000400 000

4 000
3 000

6 000 000

20 000300 000
200 000

2 000

100 000

1 000

Cases

30 000

15 0004 000 000

10 0002 000 000

5 000

0

30-Dec10-Feb23-Mar04-May15-Jun27-Jul
07-Sep19-Oct30-Nov
11-Jan22-Feb05-Apr17-May28-Jun09-Aug20-Sep01-Nov
13-Dec24-Jan07-Mar
18-Apr30-May11-Jul
22-Aug03-Oct035 000DeathsCases

800 000

Cases

030-Dec10-Feb23-Mar04-May15-Jun27-Jul
07-Sep19-Oct30-Nov
11-Jan22-Feb05-Apr17-May28-Jun09-Aug20-Sep01-Nov
13-Dec24-Jan07-Mar
18-Apr30-May11-Jul
22-Aug03-Oct0

Reported week commencing

Reported week commencing

Updates from the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Updates from the European Region
7

Deaths900 000

Over 2800 new weekly deaths were reported in the Region, a 12% decrease
as compared to the previous week. The highest numbers of new deaths werereported from the Russian Federation (731 new deaths; <1 new death per
100 000; +3%), Italy (348 new deaths; <1 new death per 100 000; +32%) andSpain (289 new deaths; <1 new death per 100 000; +70%).

South-East Asia Region

Western Pacific Region

The South-East Asia Region reported over 37 000 new cases, a 25% decrease
as compared to the previous week. One country (10%) in the Region for whichdata are available showed an increase in the number of new cases of 20% or
greater: Timor-Leste (14 cases vs four new cases; +250%). The highest
numbers of new cases were reported from India (17 526 new cases; 1.3 newcases per 100 000; -34%), Indonesia (10 363 new cases; 3.8 new cases per
100 000; -14%) and Bangladesh (3511 new cases; 2.1 new cases per 100 000;-22%).

The Western Pacific Region reported over 770 000 new cases, a 21% decrease
as compared to the previous week. Four (12%) countries reported increases
in new cases of 20% or greater, with the largest proportional increases
observed in Mongolia (606 vs 304 new cases; +99%), Papua New Guinea (99vs 53 new cases; +87%) and Singapore (36 985 vs 21 873new cases; +69%).
The highest numbers of new cases were reported from China (333 830 new
cases; 22.7 new cases per 100 000; +10%), Japan (208 547 new cases; 164.9
new cases per 100 000; -32%) and the Republic of Korea (151 178 new cases;
294.9 new cases per 100 000; -24%).

The Region reported over 200 deaths, a 23% decrease as compared to theprevious week. The highest numbers of new deaths were reported from India(126 new deaths; <1 new death per 100 000; -23%), Indonesia (73 newdeaths; <1 new death per 100 000; -38%) and Thailand (58 new deaths; <1
new death per 100 000; +9%).

3 000 000

Cases

South-East Asia Region

35 0007 000 000
30 000Deaths6 000 000

2 500 000

Cases

Western Pacific Region

7 000

Deaths

25 0006 000

1 500 000

15 0001 000 000

10 000500 000

5 000
4 000 000

Cases

20 000Deaths

3 000
2 000 000

5 000

2 000

1 000 000

1 000

0

0

30-Dec10-Feb23-Mar04-May15-Jun27-Jul
07-Sep19-Oct30-Nov
11-Jan22-Feb05-Apr17-May28-Jun09-Aug20-Sep01-Nov
13-Dec24-Jan07-Mar
18-Apr30-May11-Jul
22-Aug03-Oct0

4 000
3 000 000030-Dec10-Feb23-Mar04-May15-Jun27-Jul
07-Sep19-Oct30-Nov
11-Jan22-Feb05-Apr17-May28-Jun09-Aug20-Sep01-Nov
13-Dec24-Jan07-Mar
18-Apr30-May11-Jul
22-Aug03-OctCases

5 000 000
2 000 000

8 000

Reported week commencing

Reported week commencing

Updates from the Western Pacific Region

Updates from the South-East Asia Region
8

Deaths3 500 000

The Region reported a 1% increase in new weekly deaths as compared to theprevious week, with over 1500 deaths reported. The highest numbers of new
deaths were reported from Japan (567 new deaths; <1 new death per
100 000; +1%), China (412 new deaths; <1 new death per 100 000; +12%) and
the Philippines (348 new deaths; <1 new death per 100 000; +57%).

Annex 1. Data, table, and figure notes
Data presented are based on official laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths reported to WHO by
country/territories/areas, largely based upon WHO case definitions and surveillance guidance. While steps are taken to
ensure accuracy and reliability, all data are subject to continuous verification and change, and caution must be taken wheninterpreting these data as several factors influence the counts presented, with variable underestimation of true case anddeath incidences, and variable delays to reflecting these data at the global level. Case detection, inclusion criteria, testing
strategies, reporting practices, and data cut-off and lag times differ between countries/territories/areas. A small numberof countries/territories/areas report combined probable and laboratory-confirmed cases. Differences are to be expected
between information products published by WHO, national public health authorities, and other sources.
A record of historic data adjustment made is available upon request by emailing epi-data-support@who.int. Please specify
the countries of interest, time period, and purpose of the request/intended usage. Prior situation reports will not beedited; see covid19.who.int for the most up-to-date data. COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths reported in the last
seven days by countries, territories, and areas, and WHO Region (reported in previous issues) are now available at:https://covid19.who.int/table.
‘Countries’ may refer to countries, territories, areas or other jurisdictions of similar status. The designations employed,
and the presentation of these materials do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO
concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its
frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not
yet be full agreement. Countries, territories, and areas are arranged under the administering WHO region. The mentionof specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by
WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions except, the names ofproprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.
[1]

All references to Kosovo should be understood to be in the context of the United Nations Security Council resolution
1244 (1999). In the map, the number of cases of Serbia and Kosovo (UNSCR 1244, 1999) have been aggregated forvisualization purposes.
[2]
A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).
Updates on the COVID-19 outbreak in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is not included in this report as thenumber of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases is not reported.

9Annex 2. SARS-CoV-2 variants assessment and classification
WHO, in collaboration with national authorities, institutions and researchers, routinely assesses if variants of SARSCoV-2 alter transmission or disease characteristics, or impact the effectiveness of vaccines, therapeutics, diagnostics
or public health and social measures (PHSM) applied to control disease spread. Potential variants of concern (VOCs),variants of interest (VOIs) or variants under monitoring (VUMs) are regularly assessed based on the risk posed to
global public health.
The classifications of variants will be revised as needed to reflect the continuous evolution of circulating variants andtheir changing epidemiology. Criteria for variant classification, and the lists of currently circulating and previously
circulating VOCs, VOIs and VUMs, are available on the WHO Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants website. National
authorities may choose to designate other variants and are strongly encouraged to investigate and report newly
emerging variants and their impact.
WHO continues to monitor SARS-CoV-2 variants, including descendent lineages of VOCs, to track changes inprevalence and viral characteristics. The current trends describing the circulation of Omicron descendent lineages
should be interpreted with due consideration of the limitations of the COVID-19 surveillance systems. These include
differences in sequencing capacity and sampling strategies between countries, changes in sampling strategies overtime, reductions in tests conducted and sequences shared by countries, and delays in uploading sequence data to
GISAID.

10

Multi-country outbreak of monkeypox
External Situation Report 7, published 5 October 2022
Data as received by WHO national authorities by 17:00 CEST, 3 October 2022
Risk assessment
Global risk – Moderate
WHO Regional risk
• European Region, Region of the Americas – High• African Region, Eastern Mediterranean Region, Southeast Asia Region –Moderate• Western Pacific Region – Low-Moderate

Laboratory
confirmedcases
68 900Deaths25

Countries/
areas/
territories
106

Highlights
•

•
•

•

During the week of 26 September to 2 October 2022, the number of monkeypox cases reported in the
Regions of Europe and the Americas declined, driving the overall downward trend observed since August2022.
Since the last edition published on 21 September 2022, 7147 new cases (11.6% increase in total cases)
and three new deaths have been reported.
On 5 October 2022, WHO launched its Monkeypox Strategic Preparedness, Readiness and Response Plan
which outlines the priority actions needed to stop human-to-human transmission of monkeypox,
minimize animal-human transmission of the virus in affected countries, and protect vulnerable groups at
risk of severe disease.
WHO reiterates the importance of using standardized case and death definitions and encourages its
Member States to adopt and apply the monkeypox death definition as highlighted in the latest version of
the monkeypox surveillance guidance.

Page 1

Epidemiological Update
Data source: WHO Multi-country Monkeypox Outbreak – Global Trends

From 1 January through 2 October 2022, 68 900 laboratory-confirmed cases of monkeypox and 25 deaths havebeen reported to WHO from 106 countries/territories/areas (hereafter ‘countries’[i]) in all six WHO Regions (Table
1). Since the last edition published on 21 September 2022, 7147 new cases (11.6% increase in total cases), andthree new deaths have been reported.
In the past seven days, 26 countries reported an increase in the weekly number of cases, with the highest increase(44.4%) reported in Nigeria. One new country, Egypt, reported its first case in the past seven days (27 September).
Overall, 39 countries have not reported new cases for over 21 days, the maximum incubation period of thedisease.
The number of weekly new cases reported globally declined by 16.8% in week 39 (26 Sep – 02 Oct) (n=3045 cases)
compared to week 38 (19 - 25 September) (n=3661 cases), with the largest proportional decrease observed in
the Region of the Americas (-23%) and in the European Region (-5%). Despite these decreases, the majority ofcases reported in the past four weeks were from the Region of the Americas (85.6%) and the European Region(12.8%). From 19 September through 2 October, a total of three deaths have been reported, in the United Statesof America (n=2), and Czechia (n=1). Overall, the African Region has reported the highest number of deaths
among confirmed cases (13/25; 52%).
As of 2 October, the ten countries that have reported the highest cumulative number of cases globally are theUnited States of America (n = 25 672), Brazil (n = 7869), Spain (n = 7188), France (n = 3999), the United Kingdom(n = 3635), Germany (n = 3625), Peru (n = 2587), Colombia (n = 2042), Mexico (n = 1627), and Canada (n = 1400).
Together, these countries account for 86.6% of the cases reported globally.
Figure 1. Epidemiological curve of weekly aggregated confirmed cases of monkeypox by region, from 1 January
to 2 October 2022 17:00 CEST*.

*This figure shows aggregated weekly data, for completed epidemiological weeks ending on Sundays. Data on
the current week will be presented in the next situation report.

Page 2

Table 1. Number of cumulative confirmed monkeypox cases and deaths reported to WHO, by WHO Region,
from 1 January 2022 to 2 October 17:00 CEST
WHO Region
African Region
Region of the Americas
Eastern Mediterranean Region
European Region
South-East Asia Region
Western Pacific Region
Cumulative

Confirmed
cases
714
43 18164
24 73723181
68 900Deaths
13
6
1
4
1
0
25

*The number of deaths reported from the Africa region has dropped from 14 in Sitrep #6, to 13 in the current Sitrep#7, and due
to retrospective adjustments in the number of deaths in Central African Republic.

Other key epidemiological findings:• The outbreak continues to affect primarily young men, with 97.5% (36 468/37 417) of cases with available
data being men, with a median age of 35 years (Interquartile Range: 29 – 42 years). Less than 1% of caseswith age data available are aged 0-17 years, out of which 93 (0.2%) are aged 0-4 years. This proportion
differs between regions, with the largest proportion of cases aged 0-17 years being reported from theRegion of the Americas (191/328; 58%).
• Among cases with sexual orientation reported, 89.9% (15 592/17 337) identified as gay, bisexual andother men who have sex with men. Of all reported types of transmission, transmission through skin andmucosal contact during sexual activities was most commonly reported, with 10 520 of 12 070 (87.1%) of
all reported transmission events.
• Of all settings in which cases reported their likely exposure setting, the most commonly reported was ina party setting with sexual contacts, comprising 3225 of 6612 (48.8%) reported exposure settings.
• Among cases with known HIV status, 49.2% (9476/19 242) are HIV-positive.
• Among the cases who reported at least one symptom, the most common symptom is any rash, and isreported in 83.4% of cases, followed by fever at 57.8%, and systemic and genital rash (49.6% and 45.4%,
respectively).
Monkeypox deaths
As of 2 October, there have been 25 monkeypox deaths reported to WHO through IHR notification. Considering
the current case count, the crude reported case fatality rate of this multi-country outbreak is very low,
approximately 0.04% (25/68 900). In addition to these 25 officially reported deaths, other deaths have beenreported from alternative sources such as through media or through the local health authorities among patientsaffected by monkeypox. In several of these cases, the main cause of the death has been attributed to a more
severe underlying health condition and therefore has not been reported as a monkeypox death.
Throughout the current outbreak, some Member States have reclassified previously reported monkeypox deaths
as no longer being attributable to monkeypox. WHO reiterates the importance of using standardized definitions
and encourages its Member States to adopt and apply the monkeypox death definition as highlighted in the latest
version of the monkeypox surveillance guidance. WHO defines a monkeypox death as ‘a death resulting from aclinically compatible illness in a probable or confirmed monkeypox case, unless there is a clear alternative causeof death that cannot be related to monkeypox infection (e.g. trauma).’ Thus, for monkeypox surveillance

Page 3

purposes, patients with underlying conditions, whose death is precipitated by monkeypox infection, should beclassified as monkeypox deaths; in this regard, the classification of monkeypox death for surveillance purposes
may differ from practices used in death certificate coding, wherein the ‘underlying’ cause of death (e.g. chronic
comorbidity) may be considered the most relevant indicator.
WHO continues to report only deaths in probable and confirmed monkeypox cases in its global deaths count (i.e.
deaths in suspected cases are not counted, due to the low specificity of the suspected case definition).
Note that countries may use their own case definitions separate from those outlined in the above document.
Nine of the 25 reported deaths (36%) have case-based information available. Among the nine cases for which
information was available, the majority, eight out of nine (88%), were male; and six out of six (100%) had selfidentified as gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. The median age was 41 years (range 31 – 65
years). Five of the reported deaths were in individuals who were HIV-positive, one person had a negative HIV
status, the HIV status was unknown for one case, and for two individuals, the information was missing. The mostcommon symptoms were fever, rash, and genital lesions. Seven out of the nine deceased patients were reported
to have been hospitalized, and out of these, four had been admitted to the intensive care unit.

Page 4

Figure 3. Geographic distribution of confirmed cases of monkeypox reported to or identified by WHO from official public sources from 1 January 2022 to 2 October
17:00 CEST

Page 5

Updates and WHO Advice
WHO continues to closely monitor and respond to the outbreak and support international coordination andinformation sharing with Member States and partners. Clinical and public health incident response have been
activated by Member States to coordinate comprehensive case finding, contact tracing, laboratory investigation,
supported isolation, clinical management, implementation of infection prevention and control measures, risk
communication and community engagement, and vaccination activities, as well as support ongoing
epidemiological and countermeasures research.

Surveillance and Laboratory
WHO continues to collect information on the daily number of monkeypox cases and deaths through IHR
communication, as well as detailed information through the WHO case reporting form (CRF). Currently, WHO
has received the CRF for around 93% of the total confirmed cases reported at the global level, and the latest
epidemiological information is included in the online 2022 Monkeypox outbreak: Global trends.
Laboratory confirmation of monkeypox is done primarily using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
There are currently few commercially available kits and WHO is working with partners, including the Robert Koch
Institute, to validate these assays. To support countries, WHO has procured 39 000 tests for 58 countries. The
procurement of more tests is ongoing. WHO has also established a mechanism to ship samples internationallyfor confirmatory testing, with 85 samples shipped to reference laboratories from ten countries to date. Moreinformation on testing can be found in the interim guidance on laboratory testing for the monkeypox virus.

One HealthMonkeypox is a zoonotic disease. In areas where monkeypox is enzootic (occurs in animals), the virus is thought
to be maintained through circulation among a number of susceptible mammals, including a range of as well as
non-human primates, with occasional spill-over to humans. Infection may occur through exposure to live animals
resulting in bites, scratches or direct contact with the body fluids and/or through consumption of insufficiently
cooked meat of infected animals. Effective infection prevention practices in interacting with wildlife can reduce
the risk of spill over events and research in this area is critical to improving our collective understanding ofmonkeypox.
In addition to animal-to-human transmission, there is a risk of spillback from infected humans to susceptible
animals. As of today, there have been at least two reports of pet dogs suspected of acquiring monkeypox infection
through very close contact with their owner. These are the first documented cases of human-to-animaltransmission of the monkeypox virus. To avoid spillback into animals and minimize the potential of formation of
new animal reservoirs, people who are suspected or confirmed to be infected with monkeypox virus should,
whenever possible, avoid close direct contact with animals, including domestic pets, livestock, and other captive
animals, as well as wildlife. In addition, always ensure that all waste, including medical waste, is safely disposedof and made inaccessible to rodent or other scavenger animals.
For more information, consult the recently published World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as
OIE) Risk Guidance on Reducing Spillback of Monkeypox Virus from Humans to Wildlife, Pet Animals and other
Animals - WOAH - World organization for Animal Health.

Page 6

Countries are encouraged to report cases of monkeypox in animals to WOAH as significant animal healthinformation, as described in Article 1.1.5 of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code.

Infodemic Management and WHO Information Network for Epidemics (EPI-WIN)
WHO global infodemic monitoring is being conducted weekly, and insights shared on monkeypox revealed thatmost of the digital conversations on the topic were in USA, followed by the United Kingdom, Colombia, andNigeria. Narratives that were mostly engaged included a range of issues:
•
•
•
•
•

questions about transmission, including whether monkeypox is a sexually transmitted infectionaccess to monkeypox vaccines, including claims of inequitable vaccine distribution in some of the mostaffected communities, and concerns over procurement of vaccinesconcerns about stigma and discrimination, including in healthcare settings
concerns about monkeypox in children
confusion about monkeypox and COVID-19, including rumours that monkeypox is a side-effect of COVID19 vaccines

WHO EPI-WIN held a monkeypox briefing for the multi-faith organization, Religions for Peace, with whom WHO
has had a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) since July 2022, where the important role of faith-based leadersin supporting their communities in this emergency was discussed.
At the request of the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA), WHO held a briefing with representatives ofmajor global cruise lines and their medical personnel. The briefing emphasized what cruise lines could do to
make cruises safe, and how to manage any possible cases. A similar briefing for the travel and tourism sectors
took place on 5 October 2022.
Three EPI-WIN Updates were developed in August 2022 on the evolving epidemiological situation, transmission
and how to mitigate the risk of monkeypox during small and large gatherings. The update on transmission
addressed public queries around how monkeypox is transmitted and the most vulnerable populations, whileemphasizing the uncertainty that the science is also evolving and the information is based on what is known sofar. EPI-WIN updates on mass gatherings highlighted WHO recommendations in simple terms.
Six EPI-WIN webinars focused on issues pertaining to stigma around monkeypox disease, transmission of thevirus, public health measures to put in place for gatherings, and managing monkeypox patients in cruises and in
the travel and tourism industry. All webinars included regional perspectives and had participation from over 70
countries. WHO guidance was shared, as well as perspectives from a patient from the European Region and two
healthcare professionals from the Region of the Americas.

Gatherings
Common exposure settings for monkeypox include certain gatherings such as parties, pride events, parades,
festivals, concerts, and other ways in which people gather that may include activities involving skin-to-skincontact which pose a higher risk for the spread of monkeypox. WHO recommends using a risk-based approachfor decision making related to planning, modifying, or postponing gatherings, which should be tailored to thecontext of the event under consideration, and repeated at regular intervals.
The risk-based approach entails three steps:

Page 7

1. Risk evaluation: identification and quantification of the baseline risks based on the characteristics of theevent, associated activities and the context in which they take place.
2. Risk mitigation: application of a package of precautionary measures aimed at reducing the baseline risk;
3. Risk communication: proactive dissemination of information on the precautionary measures adopted,
their rationale and purpose, and on how relevant decisions were taken.
WHO also suggests that health authorities collaborate with event organizers to raise awareness of the risk ofmonkeypox related to expected planned or spontaneous activities, of the monkeypox epidemiological situationin the host area, and to facilitate the adoption of appropriate public health and social measures (PHSM) intended
to reduce the risk of transmission of monkeypox in relation to the event and the activities of attendees.
Additionally, it is suggested that health authorities work to instruct event personnel on how to manage possible
cases of monkeypox during the event and to facilitate the adoption of appropriate PHSM aimed at reducing therisk of transmission.
It is important to note that postponing or cancelling gatherings in areas where monkeypox cases have been
detected is not required as a default measure; rather a risk-based approach can inform the decision-making
process in this regard.

Technical guidance and other resources
International Health Regulations Emergency committee and Temporary Recommendations of the Director-General• WHO Second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR) Emergency Committee regarding the multicountry outbreak of monkeypox, 23 July 2022. https://www.who.int/news/item/23-07-2022-second-meeting-of-theinternational-health-regulations-(2005)-(ihr)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-multi-country-outbreak-ofmonkeypox•

WHO Director-General's statement at the press conference following IHR Emergency Committee regarding the multicountry outbreak of monkeypox, 23 July 2022. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-directorgeneral-s-statement-on-the-press-conference-following-IHR-emergency-committee-regarding-the-multi--countryoutbreak-of-monkeypox--23-july-2022

WHO Interim Guidance and Public Health Advice• WHO Surveillance, case investigation and contact tracing for Monkeypox: Interim guidance, 25 August 2022.
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.3• WHO
Vaccinesandimmunizationformonkeypox:
Interimguidance,
24
August2022. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/361894/WHO-MPX-Immunization-2022.2-eng.pdf• WHO Global clinical data platform for monkey case report form (CRF), 21 July 2022,
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical_CRF-2022.3• Public health advice for gatherings during the current monkeypox outbreak, 28 June 2022:
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Gatherings-2022.1• Clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox: Interim rapid response guidance, 10 June
2022. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical-and-IPC-2022.1• Emergency use of unproven clinical interventions outside clinical trials: ethical considerations:
https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789240041745• WHO Technical brief (interim) and priority actions: enhancing readiness for monkeypox in WHO South-East Asia Region,
7 July 2022. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/searo/whe/monkeypox/searo-mpx-tbrief22.pdf
Data management• Case and contact investigation form (CIF), 19 August 2022 https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/monkeypoxminimum-dataset-case-reporting-form-(crf)

Page 8•••

The WHO Global Clinical Platform for monkeypox, 14 June 2022. https://www.who.int/tools/global-clinicalplatform/monkeypox
WHO Go.Data: Managing complex data in outbreaks. https://www.who.int/tools/godata
Monkeypox Case investigation form (CIF) and minimum dataset Case reporting form (CRF). 19 August 2022.
https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/monkeypox-minimum-dataset-case-reporting-form-(crf)

Risk communication and community engagement
•

•
•
•
•
•

•
•

Risk communication and community engagement public health advice on understanding, preventing and addressing
stigmaanddiscrimination
relatedtomonkeypox
1September2022.
https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/communications-and-community-engagement-interim-guidance-on-usinginclusive-language-in-understanding--preventing-and-addressing-stigma-and-discrimination-related-to-monkeypox
Monkeypox Q&A, 31 August 2022. https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/monkeypox
Monkeypox: public health advice for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men, 18 July 2022.
https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/monkeypox-public-health-advice-for-men-who-have-sex-with-men
Risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) for monkeypox outbreaks: Interim guidance, 24 June 2022.
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-RCCE-2022.1
Interim advice for public health authorities on summer events during the monkeypox outbreak in Europe, 2022. 14 June
2022. https://www.who.int/europe/publications/m/item/interim-advice-for-public-health-authorities--on-summerevents-during-the-monkeypox--outbreak-in-europe--2022
Interim advice on Risk Communication and Community Engagement during the monkeypox outbreak in Europe, 2022.
Joint
reportbyWHO
Regional
officeforEurope/ECDC,
2
June
2022.
https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/539046/ECDC-WHO-interim-advice-RCCE-Monkeypox-2-062022-eng.pdf
WHO Monkeypox outbreak: update and advice for health workers, 26 May 2022. https://www.who.int/docs/defaultsource/coronaviruse/risk-comms-updates/update_monkeypox-.pdf?sfvrsn=99baeb03_1
Risk communication and community engagement. Public health advice on the recent outbreak of monkeypox in the WHO
European Region, 24 May 2022. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/538537/public-health-advicemonkeypox-eng.pdf

EPI - WIN Webinars and Updates
Upcoming EPI-WIN Webinar:•

WHO monkeypox technical briefing. For transport and tourism sector; October 5, 2022 13:00 – 14:15 CET
Registration at: https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2022/10/05/default-calendar/technical-briefing-onmonkeypox-for-transport-and-tourism-sector

The recordings of the previous EPI-WIN Webinars related to current monkeypox outbreak:• Managing stigma and discrimination in health-care settings in public health emergencies such as monkeypox (Sept. 22,
2022)• How is monkeypox spreading? What do we know so far (July 27, 2022)• Monkeypox outbreak and mass gatherings (June 24, 2022)
EPI-WIN updates• Update 79: Monkeypox outbreak update: Situation - transmission - countermeasures• Update 78: Monkeypox and mass gatherings• Update 77: Monkeypox outbreak, update and advice for health workers
Laboratory and diagnostics• Monkeypox: experts give virus variants new names, 12 August 2022. https://www.who.int/news/item/12-08-2022monkeypox--experts-give-virus-variants-new-names• WHO
Laboratory
testingforthemonkeypox
virus:
Interimguidance,23May
2022. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/354488• WHO Guidance on regulations for the transport of infectious substances 2021-2023, 25 February
2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240019720• Genomic epidemiology of monkeypox virus. https://nextstrain.org/monkeypox?c=country

Page 9Disease Outbreak News and situation reports• Monkeypox outbreak 2022: https://www.who.int/emergencies/situations/monkeypox-oubreak-2022• Multi-country outbreakof monkeypox, Externalsituation report #6- 21 September2022:
https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/multi-country-outbreak-of-monkeypox--external-situation-report--6---21september-2022• Multi-country
outbreakofmonkeypox,
External
situation
report#57
September2022:
https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/multi-country-outbreak-of-monkeypox--external-situation-report--5---7september-2022• Multi-country
outbreakofmonkeypox,
External
situation
report#424
Augusthttps://www.who.int/publications/m/item/multi-country-outbreak-of-monkeypox--external-situation-report--4---24august-2022• Multi-country
outbreakofmonkeypox,
External
situation
report#3
10August2022:
https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/multi-country-outbreak-of-monkeypox--external-situation-report--3---10august-2022• WHO Multi-country outbreak of monkeypox, External situation report #2 – 25 July 2022:
https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/multi-country-outbreak-of-monkeypox--external-situation-report--2---25july-2022• WHO Multi-country outbreak of monkeypox, External situation report #1 - 6 July 2022:
https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/multi-country-outbreak-of-monkeypox--external-situation-report--1---6july-2022• WHO
diseaseoutbreaknews:
Monkeypox,
all
items
relatedtomulti-country
outbreak: https://www.who.int/emergencies/emergency-events/item/2022-e000121• WHO disease outbreak news: Monkeypox, all previous items including endemic countries and traveler-associatedoutbreaks: https://www.who.int/emergencies/emergency-events/item/monkeypox
Training and Education• WHO monkeypox outbreak toolbox, June 2022. https://www.who.int/emergencies/outbreak-toolkit/disease-outbreaktoolboxes/monkeypox-outbreak-toolbox• WHO factsheet on monkeypox, 19 May 2022. http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/monkeypox• Health topics – Monkeypox: https://www.who.int/health-topics/monkeypox• Open WHO. Online training module. Monkeypox: Introduction. 2020
English: https://openwho.org/courses/monkeypox-introduction
Français: https://openwho.org/courses/variole-du-singe-introduction• Open WHO. Extended training. Monkeypox epidemiology, preparedness and response. 2021.
English: https://openwho.org/courses/monkeypox-intermediate;
Français: https://openwho.org/courses/variole-du-singe-intermediaire
Other Resources
•
•
•
•
•
•

•

WHO AFRO Weekly Bulletin on Outbreaks and Other Emergencies, all previous items: https://www.afro.who.int/healthtopics/disease-outbreaks/outbreaks-and-other-emergencies-updates
WHO 5 moments for hand hygiene. https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-hand-hygiene-day
WHO One Health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/one-healthWorld Organisation for Animal Health, founded as OIE: Monkeypox. https://www.woah.org/en/disease/monkeypox/
Joint WHO Regional Office for Europe - European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Monkeypox surveillancebulletin Situation reports (who.int)
Joint WHO Regional Office for Europe - European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Monkeypox Resource toolkit
to support national authorities and event organizers in their planning and coordination of mass and large gathering
events. https://www.who.int/europe/tools-and-toolkits/monkeypox-resource-toolkit-for-planning-and-coordination-ofmass-and-large-gathering-events/
WHO. Monkeypox & mass gatherings. Recommendations for mass gatherings during a monkeypox outbreak.
https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/epi-win/update78_monkeypox-massgatherings.pdf?sfvrsn=dfc9ee5a_1&download=true

Page 10

••••

WHO European Region Interim advice for public health authorities on summer events during the monkeypox outbreak inEurope, 2022 https://www.who.int/europe/publications/m/item/interim-advice-for-public-health-authorities--onsummer-events-during-the-monkeypox--outbreak-in-europe--2022
Weekly epidemiological record (WER) no.11, 16 March 2018, Emergence of monkeypox in West Africa and Central Africa
1970-2017.
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/260497/WER9311.pdf;jsessionid=7AB72F28D04CFE6CE24996192FC4
78FF?sequence=1 Jezek Z., Fenner F.: Human Monkeypox. Monogr Virol. Basel, Karger, 1988, vol 17, pp 1-5. doi:
10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-04039-5
Clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox: Interim rapid response guidance, 10 June
2022. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical-and-IPC-2022.1
Monkeypox in the Region of the Americas - Risk assessment. https://www.paho.org/en/documents/monkeypox-regionamericas-risk-assessment

Annex 1: Data, table and figure notes
Caution must be taken when interpreting all data presented. Differences are to be expected between information
products published by WHO, national public health authorities, and other sources using different inclusion criteria
and different data cut-off times. While steps are taken to ensure accuracy and reliability, all data are subject tocontinuous verification and change. Case detection, definitions, testing strategies, reporting practice, and lagtimes differ between countries/territories/areas. These factors, amongst others, influence the counts presented,
with variable underestimation of true case and death counts, and variable delays to reflecting these data at the
global level.
[i]‘Countries’ may refer to countries, territories, areas or other jurisdictions of similar status. The designations
employed, and the presentation of these materials do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on
the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area or of its authorities, or concerning
the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Annex 2: Confirmed cases of monkeypox by WHO region and country from 1 January 2022 to
2 October 2022, 17:00 CEST.
*Countries with no reported cases for more than 21 days

WHO Region

African Region

Eastern
Mediterranean
RegionCountry
Benin*
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ghana
Liberia *NigeriaSouth Africa *Bahrain
Egypt
Iran (Islamic Republic of) *Jordan *Lebanon *Morocco *Page 11

Total Confirmed
Cases
3
8
9
5
190
91
3
400
5
1
1
1
1
11
3

Total Deaths
0
2
0
0
0
4
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

European Region

Qatar
Saudi Arabia *Sudan
United Arab Emirates *Andorra *Austria
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria *Croatia
Cyprus *Czechia
Denmark
Estonia *FinlandFranceGeorgia *Germany
Gibraltar *GreeceGreenland *Hungary
Iceland
IrelandIsraelItaly
LatviaLithuania *Luxembourg *Malta *Monaco *Montenegro *Netherlands
NorwayPolandPortugal
Republic of Moldova *Romania
Russian Federation *SerbiaSlovakia *Slovenia
Spain
SwedenSwitzerland
The United Kingdom
Türkiye *

5
8
17
16
4
314
770
5
6
29
5
67
185
11
40
3999
2
3625
6
81
2
77
14
183
253
850
5
5
55
33
3
2
1219
92
188
926
2
40
2
40
14
47
7188
195
513
3635
1

Page 12

0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0

Ukraine
Argentina
Aruba *
Bahamas *Barbados *Bermuda *Bolivia (Plurinational State of)BrazilCanadaChile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
CuraçaoDominican Republic
EcuadorEl Salvador
Guadeloupe *Guatemala
Guyana *Honduras
Jamaica
Martinique *MexicoPanamaParaguay
Peru
Puerto Rico
Saint Martin *United States of America
Uruguay
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
India
Indonesia *Thailand

4
396
3
2
1
1
200
7869
1400
915
2042
5
4
3
31
142
9
1
30
2
6
14
1
1627
16
2
2587
186
1
25 672
8
5
12
1
10

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0

Western PacificRegionAustralia
China
Guam *
Japan *New Caledonia *New ZealandPhilippines *Republic of Korea *Singapore

136
5
1
4
1
9
4
2
19

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Cumulative

106 countries/territories/areas

68 90025

Region of theAmericasSouth-East Asia
RegionPage 13

JSA UPDATE
New requirement for inbound travel from October 11, 2022
The government announced that they would change the criteria for inbound people who may enter
Japan by air effective from October 11, 2022.
Before departure from their home countries
Regardless of the countries’ categories by the Japanese quarantine authority, all seafarers from all
countries and areas shall follow the following criteria.
[Travelers who had a vaccination certificate (Boosted: 3 doses or more)]⚫

A COVID-19 certificate (negative certificate) is not required.
They must have a vaccination certificate (boosted) by WHO’s Emergency Use Listing (EUL).
(https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/sites/default/files/documents/Status_COVID_VAX_21September2022.pdf ).

[For other travelers]⚫

Persons who are going to visit Japan shall get a negative certificate of COVID-19 test (PCR test
or other method authority allows) seventy-two (72) hours before flight departure.

On-arrival Testing at the airport
All countries: NOT required (all travelers must show a vaccination certificate or COVID-19 certificate(negative certificate)).
Note: Airport testing is required for travelers who have symptoms of COVID-19. Persons who may bepositive by the airport testing cannot pass an immigration check until released (5 days without testing/
3 days with testing on the third day). In this regard, seafarers may not enter Japan if the vessel theywould join had already left the final Japanese port when they were released.
Isolation after arrival
Not required. Public transportation is available, but passengers must wear a face mask.
Other Information


No visa is required for travelers from the listed countries who may stay in Japan within 90 days
(see the following URL). https://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/visit/visa/short/novisa.html

The government will lift the number of daily arrival restrictions (50,000 currently).

International flights will be available at all Japanese (International) airports (kindly ask a travel
agent).

Provided by the Japanese Shipowners’ Association