Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 47(2), pp. 79–101, May 21, 2021

Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (1):
An Identiﬁcation Key and Taxonomy of the Speciesof Sections Uniﬂorae, Fasciculatae and Axilliﬂorae
Shinobu Akiyama
Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science,
4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan
E-mail: akiyama@kahaku.go.jp(Received 12 November 2020; accepted 24 March 2021)

Abstract The taxonomy of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) in Nepal is revised based on ﬁeld
research from 1983 to 2008 and a study of herbarium specimens. An identiﬁcation key to the species is presented. For each species, synonymy, distribution, ecology, ﬂowering time and a list of
specimens examined are provided. Of the eight sections of Impatiens in Nepal, three of them, sections Uniﬂorae, Fasciculatae and Axilliﬂorae, are treated in this paper. Lectotypes for ﬁve species,
I. occultans, I. exilis, I. serrata, I. falcifer, and I. serratifolia, are designated.
Keywords : Flora of Nepal, Himalaya, Impatiens, Nepal, section Axilliﬂorae, section Fasciculatae,
section Uniﬂorae.

Taxonomic studies of the Himalayan speciesof Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) were initiated byde Candolle (1824), Roxburgh (1820–24), andDon (1825). Their treatments were mostly basedon collections made by Francis Buchanan (later
Hamilton) in 1802–03 and Nathaniel Wallich in
1820–21. After Royle (1834) described several
species of Impatiens from the western Himalaya
based on his own collections, Impatiens of thewestern Himalaya was studied by Edgeworth(1846). Hooker studied Impatiens over his lifetime, published many new species (Hooker andThomson, 1859; Hooker, 1874–75, 1903, 1904–05, 1908, 1909, 1910a, 1910b, 1911a, 1911b,
1911c, 1911d) and revised all species in British
India and Nepal. He classiﬁed them into twogroups with several subgroups (Hooker, 1874–75), and later published a synopsis of Impatiens
from the area (Hooker, 1904–05).
The plants of Nepal have been intensively surveyed by faculty and staﬀ of the University of© 2021 National Museum of Nature and Science

Tokyo, Japan, with the cooperation of membersof the Department of Plant Resources, Kathmandu, Nepal (Ohba, 1986, 2000; Rajbhandari,2008). In relation to this survey, I have been
studying Impatiens in this and adjacent regions,
including SW China and Myanmar (Akiyama,
1987, 2017a, 2017b, 2018; Akiyama et al., 1991,
1992a, 1992b, 1995a, 1995b, 1996a, 1996b,
1999, 2009; Akiyama and Ohba, 1993, 2000,
2015a, 2015b, 2016; Akiyama and Wu, 2008;
Fujihashi et al., 2002; Sugawara et al., 1994,
1997). The present paper is a revision of the species recorded or newly recognized in Nepal for
the Flora of Nepal project (Watson et al., 2010).
The phylogeny of the Balsaminaceae is basedon molecular, morphological and chromosomal
data (Fujihashi et al., 2002; Yuan et al., 2004)
and a recently published infrageneric classiﬁcation based on phylogenetic research (Yu et al.,2015). The Himalayan species have been insuﬃciently studied, even in the course of recent
molecular studies. Yu et al. (2015) treated only
14 of the 43 Nepalese species. One of the reasons

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for the dearth of phylogenetic studies of Himalayan species might be due to diﬃculties in identifying them. Although identiﬁcation keys areavailable for areas such as Bhutan (Grey-Wilson,
1991), India (Vivekananthan et al., 1997, Gogoi
et al., 2018), Pakistan (Nasir, 1980), and China(Chen, 1986, 2001; Chen et al., 2007; Yu, 2012),
and Hara (1979) enumerated the Nepalese species of Impatiens, none are available for Nepal,
which is located in the center of the Himalaya andis one of the diversiﬁcation centers for the genus(Grey-Wilson, 1980). In this paper I present a key
to identify the Nepalese species based on morphological features. In consideration of the phylogeny,
morphologically similar species are classiﬁed into
sections as in my previous papers (Akiyama andOhba, 2015a, 2015b).
In this paper I also present a revision of thespecies of Impatiens recorded from Nepal anddesignate type specimens for some of the names
proposed. This study is based on materials thatmembers of the Society of Himalayan Botany
and I have collected and also on herbarium specimens preserved in A, BM, E, G, GH, K, KATH,
KUN, L, LIV, NY, PE, RAF, TI, TNS, US, W,
and WU. The terminology and measurements of
the ﬂowers follow Akiyama et al. (1991).
In part 1, a key to the all species known from
Nepal and the treatment of each species in thesections Uniﬂorae, Fasciculatae, and Axilliﬂorae
are given.

Identiﬁcation key to species of Impatiens in Nepal
1a Capsule ellipsoid; ovaries inﬂated ....................................................................... 2 [Sect. Uniﬂorae]
1b Capsule linear or clavate; ovaries slender ........................................................................................ 8
2a Flowers spurless, white, shaded reddish purple in center, 6–8 mm long, 1–1.5 mm deep [in alpine
individuals] ................................................................................................................. 1) I. occultans
2b Flowers spurred, various color and size [individuals in lowlands and at mid elevations] .............. 33a Lower sepal bucciniform or saccate, then abruptly constricted into a spur .................................... 43b Lower sepal navicular, gradually tapering into a spur .................................................................... 6
4a Peduncles more than 10 mm long; ﬂowers yellow or orange, in axillary racemes; lower sepal bucciniform ......................................................................................................................... 2) I. pulchra
4b Peduncles less than 6 mm long; ﬂowers reddish purple, fascicled in leaf axils; lower sepal
bucciniform or saccate .................................................................................................................... 55a Lower sepal saccate, spur curved ................................................................................. 3) I. tripetala
5b Lower sepal bucciniform, spur spiraled ......................................................................... 4) I. spirifer
6a Lower sepal deeply navicular; dorsal petal with a crest [at mid elevations] .............. 5) I. puberula
6b Lower sepal shallowly navicular; dorsal petal slightly crested or not [in lowlands or in cultivation].......................................................................................................................................................... 7
7a Dorsal petal without a crest; upper lobe and lower lobe of lateral united petals nearly equal inshape and size [in lowlands] ............................................................................................. 6) I. exilis
7b Dorsal petal slightly crested; upper lobe of lateral united petals distinctly smaller than lower lobe
[cultivated] ................................................................................................................ 7) I. balsamina
8a Pedicels bracteate at middle; inﬂorescences solitary ﬂowers or ﬂowers few, not in racemes........................................................................................................................... 9 [Sect. Axilliﬂorae]
8b Pedicels bracteate at base (except I. glauca); inﬂorescences racemose with few to many
ﬂowers ........................................................................................................................................... 17
9a Flowers pale reddish purple [eastern Nepal] ............................................................ 9) I. uncipetala
9b Flowers white or yellow [throughout Nepal] ................................................................................. 1010a Lower sepal saccate [western Nepal] ...................................................................... 14) I. bajurensis

Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (1)8110b Lower sepal navicular, infundibuliform or bucciniform [throughout Nepal] ............................... 1111a Lower sepal spurless ...................................................................................................................... 12
11b Lower sepal spurred ....................................................................................................................... 14
12a Flowers 15–18 mm long, pale yellow [in east Nepal] .............................................. 10) I. kharensis
12b Flowers 3.5–4.5 cm long, white with purple center [throughout Nepal] ...................................... 13
13a Flowers white, center shaded purple; leaves nearly glabrous ...................................... 11) I. serrata
13b Flowers yellow, center not shaded purple; leaves pubescent ................................... 12) I. williamsii
14a Lower lobe of lateral united petals bilobed, upper lobule falcate ................................ 13) I. falcifer
14b Lower lobe of lateral united petals entire, ovate ............................................................................ 15
15a Lower sepal bucciniform ............................................................................................ 15) I. tricornis
15b Lower sepal navicular or infundibuliform .................................................................................... 16
16a Lower sepal navicular or infundibuliform, 4–10 mm long, 3–8 mm deep (excluding spur), tapering
into upwardly or downwardly curved spur; spur ca. 20 mm long ............................. 16) I. scabrida
16b Lower sepal shallowly navicular, 10–14 mm long, 9–12 mm deep (excluding spur), tapering into
downwardly curved spur; spur 14–16 mm long .................................................... 17) I. serratifolia
17a Peduncles usually less than 5 mm long; ﬂowers 1–3, fascicled in leaf axils.......................................................................................................... 8) I arguta [Sect. Fasciculatae]
17b Peduncles more than 8 mm long; ﬂowers 2–many, in racemes ..................................................... 18
18a Pedicels bracteate at middle; ﬂowers more than 5 per raceme; lower sepal bucciniform; leaves
glaucous [western Nepal] ............................................................ 18) I. glauca [sect. Racemosae 1]
18b Pedicels bracteate at base; ﬂowers few to many per raceme; lower sepal navicular, tubular, bucciniform, or saccate; leaves not glaucous [throughout Nepal] ...................................................... 19
19a Lower sepal deeply navicular or tubular ...................................................... 20 [sect. Racemosae 2]
19b Lower sepal bucciniform, saccate, or shallowly navicular ........................................................... 23
20a Flowers reddish purple or nearly white, with or without red dots in center ................................. 21
20b Flowers yellow, with red dots in center ........................................................................................ 22
21a Lateral united petals with appendage elongating into tubular lower sepal; leaf lamina lanceolate to
oblong-ovate .................................................................................................................. 19) I. scullyi
21b Lateral united petals without appendage elongating into tubular lower sepal; leaf lamina linearelliptic .......................................................................................................................... 20) I. prainii
22a Apex of lateral sepals acute, straight; lower sepal 12–18 mm deep including spur................................................................................................................................... 21) I. stenantha
22a Apex of lateral sepals sickle-shaped; lower sepal 18–25 mm deep including spur............................................................................................................................ 22) I. drepanophora
23a Flowers in pseudoverticils, racemes ascending ............................................................................ 24
23b Flowers in regular racemes; racemes ascending or pendulous ..................................................... 32
24a Leaves opposite at middle and base of stem ....................................................... 25 [Sect. Sulcatae]
24b Leaves alternate throughout ...................................................................... 27 [Sect. Subumbellatae]
25a Lower sepal shallowly navicular; spur not constricted, horizontal, straight, distally curved........................................................................................................................... 29) I. chungtienensis
25b Lower sepal bucciniform; spur abruptly constricted, bent downward .......................................... 26
26a Fruit linear, slightly broadened near apex, less than 3 mm broad at maturity [east and central
Nepal] ........................................................................................................................... 30) I. sulcata
26b Fruit clavate, more than 6 mm broad at maturity [west Nepal] .............................31) I. glandulifera
27a Lower sepal navicular, tapering gradually into spur .................................................... 32) I. radiata
27b Lower sepal bucciniform or saccate, abruptly constricted into spur ............................................ 28

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28a Lower sepal saccate ....................................................................................................................... 29
28b Lower sepal bucciniform .............................................................................................................. 30
29a Flowers reddish purple with dark reddish purple dots ............................................. 33) I. bicornuta
29b Flowers yellow with purplish red or brownish dots ................................................. 34) I. pradhanii
30a Apex of distal lobe of lateral united petals long tailed ................................................... 35) I. harae
30b Apex of distal lobe of lateral united petals obtuse ........................................................................ 31
31a Apex of upper lobe of lateral united petals obtuse ................................................. 36) I. amphorata
31b Apex of upper lobe of lateral united petals falcate .............................................. 37) I. edgeworthii
32a Lower sepal shallowly navicular ................................................................. 33 [Sect. Racemosae 3]
32b Lower sepal bucciniform .............................................................................................................. 37
33a Lower sepal gradually tapering into spur ...................................................................................... 34
33b Lower sepal abruptly constricted into straight spur ...................................................................... 35
34a Flowers yellow, spur curved downward ................................................................... 23) I. racemosa
34b Flowers reddish purple, spur almost straight .............................................................. 24) I. insignis
35a Flowers pink; spur 8–10 mm long .............................................................................. 25) I. laxiﬂora
35b Flowers yellow or creamy white, spur ca. 14–16 mm long ........................................................... 36
36a Spur ca. 14 mm long, apex curved downward ................................................... 26) I. recticalcarata
36a Spur ca. 16 mm long, almost straight ...................................................................... 27) I. leptoceras
37a Dorsal petal with a crest-like appendage ............................................................... 38 [Sect. Jurpia]
37b Dorsal petal without crest-like appendage .................................................................................... 39
38a Crest-like appendage of dorsal petal (4–)6–16 mm long; spur slightly curved throughout......................................................................................................................................... 38) I. jurpia
38b Crest-like appendage of dorsal petal 3–6 mm long; spur conspicuously incurved near apex..................................................................................................................................... 39) I. discolor
39a Spur straight, horizontal ......................................................... 28) I. cymbifera [Sect. Racemosae 4]
39b Spur incurved forward or curved downward ................................................. 40 [Sect. Urticifoliae]
40a Lower lobe of lateral united petals loriform, tailed ....................................................................... 41
40b Lower lobe of lateral united petals dolabriform ........................................................................... 42
41a Flowers yellow with reddish veins; lower sepal with an elongate tip at distal end of mouth; spur
incurved forward ..................................................................................................... 40) I. urticifolia
41b Flowers purple; lower sepal without elongate tip at distal end of mouth; spur curved downward or
incurved forward ........................................................................................................ 41) I. gamblei
42a Spur curved downward, usually S-shaped; ﬂowers pale yellow with reddish dots.................................................................................................................................... 42) I. wallichii
42b Spur incurved forward, ﬂowers pale yellow with reddish dots and veins or reddish purple..................................................................................................................................... 43) I. hobsonii

Taxonomic treatment
Impatiens L., Sp. Pl. 1: 937 (1753).
Type species: I. noli-tangere L. (Rydberg, 1910).
Part 1
Sections Uniﬂorae, Fasciculatae, and Axilliﬂo-

rae are treated. Other sections will be treated inforthcoming parts. Specimens that I collectedwith members of the Society of Himalayan Botany are marked with an asterisk.
Section Uniﬂorae Hook.f. & Thomson, J. Proc.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: 113 (1859). Hook. f., Fl. Brit.

Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (1)India 1: 441 (1874), excl. I. arguta. Yu et al.,Cladistics 32 (online): 191 (2015, printed in2016) (DOI10.1111/cla.12119).
Type species: I. balsamina L., lecto, designated by S. Z. Yu & Wei Wang (Yu et al., 2015).
Species 1–7.
Notes: Yu et al. (2015) characterized sect.
Uniﬂorae by the short, fusiform capsules, inﬂorescences fascicles of 2 (or 3) ﬂowers (rarely
racemes with 2(–5) ﬂowers), and ellipsoid seeds.
Two species, I. occultans (Akiyama and Ohba,
2000) and I. tripetala, in this section in Nepal
have pedunculate inﬂorescences. Section Uniﬂorae consists of many wide-ranging species(southeast Asia, southwest China, southern IndiaSri Lanka, Africa, and Madagascar). The cultivated Impatiens balsamina was only species inthis section surveyed molecularly by Yu et al.
(2015). To clarify its phylogenetic relationship in
this section, further molecular surveys areneeded based on diverse species covering thewide are of distribution.
1) Impatiens occultans Hook.f., Rec. Bot. Surv.
India 4: 17, 22 (1905). Hara, in Hara and Williams (eds.), Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 79 (1979).
Akiyama et al., in Ohba and Malla (eds.), Himal.
Pl. 2: 76, f. 10, col. pl. 5c (1991). Grey-Wilson,
in Grierson and Long (eds.), Fl. Bhutan 2: 96, f.
13 m, n (1991). Press et al., Annotated Checklist
Fl. Pl. Nepal: 23 (2000). Chen et al., in Wu andRaven (eds.), Fl. China 12: (2007).
Type: [India], Sikkim, alt. 12000–13000 ft.
(Gammie 414, 2 Aug. 1891, K [K000694783],
lecto, designated here) (Fig. 1).
Distribution: Nepal (central, east) and E
Himalaya.
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 3400–4000 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Alpine.
Flowering in Nepal: July to August
Nepalese specimens examined (in addition to
those cited in Akiyama et al., 1991): Annapurna
Himal, Seti Khola,12500 ft. (Stainton, Sykes &Williams 6609, 3 Aug. 1954, BM-44301; E).
Arun Valley, Popti La, N. of Hatiar, 13000 ft. (J.
D. A. Staiton 1420, 22 Aug. 1956, BM-44258;

83A). Arun Valley, Popti La, N. of Hatiar, 3900 m(H. Kanai & T.B. Shrestha 1420, 22 Aug. 1965,
TI). Megu, 14000 ft. (Ribu & Rhomoo 6456, in
1913, E). Chilime Khola, 13500 ft. (O. Polunin
1138, July 1949, BM-44168). Near Cow-huts of
Bhuanjang Garka, 3200 m (da Haas J. H. 2136, 9
Aug. 1944, BM-43972). South of Gurjakhani,
11500 ft. (Stainton, Sykes & Williams 3875, 17
Aug. 1954, BM-44282). Above Sauwala Khola,
12500 ft. (Stainton, Sykes & Williams 3573, 22
July 1954, BM-44275). Rasuwa Dist., Singum
Gompa–Gosainkund, 3900 m (H. Hara et al.
721860, 23 Aug. 1972, TI); Tinbu Kharka–Sano
Bhera Kharka–Tulo Bhera Kharka, 3910 m (F.
Miyamoto et al. 9420074*, 28 July 1994, TI); a
Kharka–Pati Kharka, 3880 m (F. Miyamoto et al.
9420165*, 4 Aug. 1994, TI); Ganesh Base
Camp–cross a river–a Kharka, 3600 m (F. Miyamoto et al. 9410244*, 10 Aug. 1994, TI; TNS);
Seto Kund–a pass–Chyauche Kharka, 3900 m (F.
Miyamoto et al. 9420233*, 11 Aug. 1994, TI);
Laurebinayak–Sing Gomba (T. Hoshino et al.
9539203, 30 July 1995, TI). Sankhuwasawa
Dist., around Cha Ding Kharka and Shipton
Pass, 4000 m (M. Minaki et al. 9020826, 11 Aug.
1990); Singoa Kharka–Pahakhola, 4000 m (H.
Ohba et al. 9120397*, 11 Aug. 1991, TI).
Solukhumbu Dist., Gnaula–Pike, 3290 m (F.
Miyamoto et al. 9584036, 22 July 1995, TI);
Thasing Dingma–Sanu Khola–Saure Kharka,
3470 m (F. Miyamoto et al. 9584111, 4 Aug.
1995, TI); Dudh Kund–Bhedi Kharka–Mosom
Kharka, 3760 m (M. Wakabayashi et al.
9720276, 25 Aug. 1997, TI); Mosom Kharka–
Rangdu Kharka–Hinku Khola–Tashing Dingma,
3370 m (M. Wakabayashi et al. 9715241, 26 Aug.
1997, TI); Kurki–Pangkongma La–Pangkongma–
Kharikhola, 3400 m (M. Wakabayashi et al.
9710403, 29 Aug. 1997, TI). Taplejung Dist.,around Topke Gola–Chaun Kharka (H. Ohba et
al. 9120311*, 8 Aug. 1991, TI; TNS); Topke
Gola, 12200 ft. (T. B. Shrestha & D. Joshi 436, 2
Aug. 1971, BM-44330).
Notes: The most remarkable feature of I.
occultans is the fusiform capsule, which places it
in sect. Uniﬂorae. Impatiens occultans is unique

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Sinobu Akiyama

Fig. 1.

Lectotype of Impatiens occultans Hook. f. (Gammie 414, 2 Aug. 1891, K000694783).

in growing in the alpine zone. It is 3–20 cm tall,has a leaf blades 5–25 mm long, white (shaded
reddish purple in center) ﬂowers 6–8 mm long. a
spurless lower sepal and fusiform capsules. It issimilar to I. serrata and I. kharensis, also in thealpine zone. They have white (shaded reddish
purple in center) or pale yellow ﬂowers with aspurless lower sepal, but the margin of theirImpatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (1)leaves is crenate, not serrate, as in I. puberulaand I. spirifer.
2) Impatiens pulchra Hook.f. & Thomson, Proc.
J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: 139 (1860). Hook. f., Fl.
Brit. India 1: 459 (1874); Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4:
12, 18 (1905). Hara, in Hara and Williams,
Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 79 (1979). Grey-Wilson,
in Grierson and Long (eds.), Fl. Bhutan 2: 90, f.
11 l, m (1991). Press et al., Annotated Checklist
Fl. Pl. Nepal: 23 (2000).
Type: [India] Umbrosis montibus Khasia
regione teperata et subtropica alt. 4000–5000
ped. (ﬂ. Sept.–Nov.) [Pomrang, 5000 ped.] (J. D.
Hooker & T. Thomson 2281, 16 Sept. 1850,
K000694754, lecto; K000694753, isolecto)(Ruchisansakun et al., 2018); [5000 ped. (J. D.
Hooker & T. Thomson, s.n., K000694755, syn).
Nepalia maxime orientali, alt. 4000–5000 ped.,
as var. β. (ﬂ. Sept.–Nov.) [E Nepal, Moyong valley] (J. D. Hooker, 31 Oct., K000694757, syn;
K000694758, syn).
Distribution: Nepal (east) and E Himalaya
and Assam-Burma.
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 2400–2700 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Hills at mid elevations;open places in forests.
Flowering in Nepal: September to November.
Nepalese specimens examined: Types only.
3) Impatiens tripetala Roxb. [Hort. Beng.: 18(1814), nom. nud.] ex DC., Prodr. 1: 687 (Jan.
1824). Hara, in Hara and Williams (eds.), Enum.
Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 79 (1979). Grey-Wilson, in Grierson and Long (eds.), Fl. Bhutan 2: 91, f. 11q–s(1991). Press et al., Annotated Checklist Fl. Pl.
Nepal: 24 (2000). Ruchisansakun et al., Blumea
63: 247 (2018).
Type: [India], Silhet, Indiæ or. (ex hort. calc) (B.
G. C. July 1818, G00218033, lecto) (Karthigeyan
and Gogoi, 2016).
I. multiﬂora Wall. [Numer. List: 168, n. 4742
(1831), nom. nud.] ex Hook. f. & Thomson, J.
Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: 126 (1860). Type: Bangladesh, Pundua [mont.] De Silva (N. WallichCat. no. 4742, K001039802, lecto) (Ruchisan-

85

sakun et al., 2018).
Distribution: Nepal (east), E Himalaya andAssam-Burma.
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 1400–1800 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Hills at mid elevations;open places in forests.
Flowering in Nepal: July to October.
Nepalese specimens examined: Taplejung
Distr., Linkhim–Tuwa (H. Hara et al., 4 Nov.
1963, TI); Papung–Bir Gaon–Sangrati Pati,
1300 m (H. Ohashi et al. 771074, 772756,
774013, 774018, 775362, 26 Aug. 1977, TI);
Saju Khola, 1400 m (H. Kanai et al. 720981, 1
July, 1972, TI); Tamur Valley, Phembu, N. of
Taplejung, 1350 m (J.D.A. Stainton 1226, 3 Aug.
1956, BM-44256, TI); Tamur River between
Tawa and Chirwa (KEKE 153, 2 Sept. 1989, E,K); Taplethok (H. Hara et al. 6300496, 5 Nov.
1963, TI).
4) Impatiens spirifer Hook.f. & Thomson, Proc.
J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: 135 (1859). Hara, in Hara
and Williams, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 80 (1979).
Chen, in Wu (ed.), Fl. Xizang. 3: 189 (1986).
Grey-Wilson, in Grierson and Long (eds.), Fl.
Bhutan 2: 94, f. 12o–q (1991). Press et al., Annotated Checklist Fl. Pl. Nepal: 23 (2000).
Type: [India], Sylvis temperatis subtropicisqueHimalayæ orientalis Sikkim, alt. 4000–7000 ped.
(ﬂ. Oct.–Dec.) [Sikkim. Regio. temp. & trop., alt.
4–5000 ped. Choongtam] (J. D. Hooker, 27 Oct.
1849, K000694933, lecto) (Gogoi et al., 2017).
[Sikkim. Regio. temp. & trop., alt. 4–7000 ped.
Lachoong 6000 p.] (J. D. Hooker, 2 Oct. 1849,
K000694931, syn); [Sikkim. Regio. temp. &trop., alt. 4–7000 ped.] (J. D. Hooker s.n.,
K000694932, syn). [Leuhen Lachong, K. Sikkim. Regio. temp. & trop., alt. 4–7000 ped.] (J.
D. Hooker s.n., BM, syn?; GH, syn?).
Distribution: Nepal (east), E Himalaya andTibetan Plateau.
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 1400–2100 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Hills at mid elevations;open places in forests.
Flowering in Nepal: June to October.
Nepalese specimens examined: Tamur River

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Sinobu Akiyama

between Chirwa and Hellok. 27°29′N, 87°46′E,
1400 m (KEKE 200, 4 Sept. 1989, E, K). Panchthar Distr., Gairi Kharka–Phaleke–Lasune
Kharka–deurali–Rabi Khola–Beteni, 2000 m (S.
Noshiro et al. 9240987*, 21 June 1992, TI);
between Chayngtharpa & Memeng, N. of thehpass, 2050 m (N. P. Taylor 13 in Grey Wilson
4698, 13 Oct. 1981, E, K).
5) Impatiens puberula DC., Prodr. 1: 687 (Jan.
1824). Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 83, t. 193 (1831).
Hara, in Hara and Williams (eds.), Enum. Fl. Pl.
Nepal 2: 79 (1979). Akiyama et al., in Ohba andMalla (eds.), Himal. Pl. 2: 78, f. 18, col. pl. 7a, b(1991). Grey-Wilson, in Grierson & Long (eds.),
Fl. Bhutan 2: 94, f. 12i–k (1991). Press et al.,Annotated Checklist Fl. Pl. Nepal: 23 (2000).
Chen et al., in Wu and Raven (eds.), Fl. China
12: 80 (2007). S.-X. Yu, Balsaminaceae China:
197 (2012).
Type: [Nepal] In Napauliâ. (N. Wallich,
G00218032, holo).
I. mollis Wall., in Roxb., Fl. Ind., Carey ed. 2:461 (March–June 1824). Type: Nipal [Nepal]
Sheopore (N. Wallich s.n., not seen)
I. hispidula Benth. in Wall., Numer. List: 168,n. 4340 (1831), nom. nud.
Distribution: Nepal (west, central, east), E
Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau.
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 1500–2700 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Hills at mid elevations; inforests.
Flowering in Nepal: June to November.
Nepalese specimens examined (in addition to
those cited in Akiyama et al., 1991): (N. Wallichs.n., BM-44362). Arun Valley, Chhoyang Khola,W. of Num, 2550 m (J. D. A. Stainton 699,
19560618, A, BM-44251, TI). Charikot, 7000 ft.
(Banerjee, Shrestha & Upadhuy 2764, 15 Sept.
1964, NA). Chulti, 2000 m (Alain Maire
AMA02, 9 July 1972, BM-44151). Kakani, 8
miles north west of Katmandu (Kenneth de B.
Codrington 289, in 1956, BM-43933). Godavari,north of Katmandu (Kenneth de B. Codrington
182, in 1956, BM-43932). Kaure/Shallyan, 5500ft. (H. Flatt 135, 2 Nov. 1969, BM-44028). Lan-jung Himal, 9000 ft. (Staintion, Sykes & Williams 6420, BM-44297). Mangning, 5000 ft.
(Colow, F.M.Bailey's Collectors 243, 13 Aug.
1935, BM-43863). Milke Danda, 8000 ft. (L. W.
Beer 10118, 1 Oct. 1971, BM-43876). Hills
round Nepal Valley, 5000 ft. (Proud 275, in June,
BM-44239). Phaplos, 8–9000 ft. (Lall Dhwoj 67,
in 1930, BM-43994, E). Phulchoke, SW. of
Kathmandu, 1800 m (A. D. Shilling, 618,
27 Aug. 1965, TI). Phulchoki, Dhungri Khola,
6000 ft. (Unknown coll. 7049, BM). Pulyan,
27°38′86°44′, 2500 m (J. F. Dobremez 328, 5 July
1970, BM-44005). Sedua, 1740 m (M. Ohsawa &P. R. Shakya 1799, 15 Sept. 1971, TI). Between
Sundarijal and Pati Banjang (±27°48′ 85°26′),
2500 m (J. H. de Haas 2628, 4 Sept. 1974,
BM-43979). Taksindhu., 2400 m (D. McCosh261, 20 June 1964, BM-44157, TI). Thade,2130 m (P. R. Shakya & Dr. Adhikari 594, 18
July 1971, TI). S. of Tharke Gyang on W.
exposed valley side of Malemchi Khola, 27°59′
85°34′, 2600 m (J. H. de Haas 2685, 7 Sept.
1974, BM-43981). Yamphodin, 2100 m (L. H. J.
Williams 941, 25 June 1969, BM-44377, TI).
Kanchenjunga, Phidim, 3 km south of Yamphudin, 1640 m (R. J. D. McBeath 2482, 1 June
1991, E). Dhankuta Distr., Shidua–Tute (H.
Ohba et al. 9120044*, 13 July 1991, TI); Tute–
Tinjure Phedi (H. Ohba et al. 9120057*, 14 July
1991, TI); Tinjure Danda, 27°10′N 87°29′E 7500ft. (Williams & Stainton 8378, 6 Sept. 1967, A,
BM-44382, TI). Dolakha Distr., Jiri–Ratomate–
Back Col–Chefae–a pass–Mali–Sibalaya, 2250 m(F. Miyamoto et al. 9596013, 8 July 1995, TI);
1860 m (F. Miyamoto et al. 9584007, 18 July
1995, TI). Kaski Distr., Banthanti–Deurali–
Ghodepani Deurali (Ghorapani), 2720 m (M.
Suzuki et al. 8842103, 24 Aug. 1988, TI);
2620 m (M. Suzuki et al. 8881274, 24 Aug. 1988,
TI); Bhainsi Kharka–Misal Kharka–Tadapani–
Chupru Khola–Mato Bisaune–Banthanti (M.
Suzuki et al. 8812593, 23 Aug. 1988, TI);
1550 m (M. Suzuki et al. 8881260, 19880823,
TI); Ghandruk (Ghandrung)–Bhainsi Kharka
2160 m (M. Suzuki et al. 8860585, 22 Aug. 1988,
TI); 2470 m (M. Suzuki et al. 8860620, 22 Aug.

Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (1)1988, TI); Naudanda Phedi (Naudhara Phedi)–
Dhampus Jhaure–Dhampus Lakhane–Dhampus
Deurali–Pothana, 1930 m (M. Suzuki et al.
8881041, 19 Aug. 1988, TI). Kathmandu Distr.,
Forest Oﬃce–Chhap–Shiwapuri Summit (M.
Suzuki et al. 8881944, 13 Sept. 1988, TI);
2400 m (M. Suzuki et al. 8881829, 13 Sept.
1988, TI); Katmandu, Shepuri, 6500 ft. (Stainton,
Sykes & Williams 6936, 19 Aug. 1954, E; 6937,
BM-44304). Lalitpur Distr., Phulchoki (H.
Kanai 673348, 9 Aug. 1969, TI). Myagdi Distr.,
Chitre, 2150 m (M. Mikage et al. 9485557, 27
Aug. 1994, TI); Ghar Khola 3000 m (Stainton,
Sykes & Williams 5777, 15 June 1954,
BM-44296, E, TI); near Lumsum, 7000 ft.
(Stainton, Sykes & Williams 4280, 7 Sept. 1954,
BM-44287, E, TI). Panchthar Distr., Prangbung–Namle Phedi–Namle–Goruwale Bhanjang(Bhanduke) (S. Noshiro et al. 9241085*, 25 June
1992, TI); 2300 m (S. Noshiro et al. 9241087*,
25 June 1992, TI). Rasuwa Distr., Mane Gaon–
Thale (H. Kanai & P. R. Shakya 24 June 1970,
TI). Sindhupalchok Distr., Thale–Thale
Bisauna, 2500 m (H. Kanai, Ch. Chuma & T.
Nagano s.n., 10 Sept. 1970, TI); Tingoang–Khosori Khabre (H. Kanai, Ch. Chuma & T. Naganos.n., 12 Sept. 1970, TI). Solukhumbu Distr.,
Fera–Pangoma–Takisindu–Nunthara, 2740 m (F.
Miyamoto et al. 9584062, 26 July 1995, TI);
Nunthala–Taksindu La–Ringmo–Junbesi, 2620 m(M. Wakabayashi et al. 9710412, 31 Aug. 1997,
TI); 2600 m (M. Wakabayashi et al. 9715298, 31
Aug. 1997, TI); 2330 m (M. Wakabayashi et al.
9720338, 31 Aug. 1997, TI); Nunthara–Phuleli–
Dudh Kosi–Juving–Kharikhola, 1670 m (F.
Miyamoto et al. 9596158, 27 July 1995, TI);
Ringmo–Taksindu La–Nunthala–Dudh Koshi–
Jubing, 2670 m (M. Wakabayashi et al. 9720079,
1 Aug. 1997, TI). Taplejung Distr., Shewaden–
Mewa Khola, 2300 m (H. Kanai et al. 720947,
720947, 29 June 1972, TI).
6) Impatiens exilis Hook.f., Rec. Bot. Surv. India
4: 13, 19 (1905). Hara, in Hara and Williams(eds.), Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 78 (1979). Akiyama et al., in Ohba and Malla (eds.), Himal. Pl.

87

2: 71, f. 6 (1991). Grey-Wilson, in Grierson andLong (eds.), Fl. Bhutan 2: 88, f. 11e, f (1991).
Press et al., Annotated Checklist Fl. Pl. Nepal: 22(2000).
Type: Darjeeling (Pantling in 1901, no. 1244
Cat. Hb. Griﬃth, K000694676, lecto) (designated here) (Fig. 2). Darjeelong [Darjiling].
Mungpo [Pomong] (Clarke 879b, 23 Aug. 1869,
K000694677, syn).
I. ﬁlicornu C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f., Rec. Bot.
Surv. India 4: 19 (1905), nom. nud., pro syn.
Distribution: Nepal (central, east) and E
Himalaya.
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 600–1200 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Lowlands and hills at mid
elevations; open places.
Flowering in Nepal: July to October.
Nepalese specimens examined (addition to
Akiyama et al., 1991): North of Chula Chuli.
26°45′N. 87°37′E., 3500 ft. (Williams & Stainton
8519, 15 Sept. 1967, BM-44389). Dharan, 600 m(Williams & Stainton 8338, 3 Sept. 1967,
BM-44381, TI); 26°49′ 87°18′, 600 m (J. F.
Dobremez 1439, 13 Aug. 1972, BM-44008).
Near Gangdua, Wabak Khola, 70000 ft. (L. W.
Beer 9507, 29 July 1971, BM-43873). Pohlara,
1050 m (Stainton, Sykes & Williams 7135, 7
Spet. 1954, BM-44307, E, TI). Sanguri Bhanjang–Dhara (H. Hara et al. 6300493, 16 Oct.
1963, TI). Yanguri Lekt, 4000 ft. (L. H. J. Williams 1180, 7 July 1969, BM-44380). Sankhuwasawa Distr., Baidep–Arun River–Num (H.
Ohba et al. 9120411*, 13 Aug. 1991, TI);
Pahakhola–Baidep (H. Ohba et al. 9120406*, 12
Aug. 1991, TI). Sunsari Distr., Dhara Pani,
1000 m (H. Kanai et al. 721226, 10 July 1972,
TI); Dhara Pani–Sanguri Bhanjyang–Dharan (H.
Kanai et al. 721226, 10 July 1972, TI).
7) Impatiens balsamina L., Sp. Pl.: 938 (1753).
Hara, in Hara and Williams (eds.), Enum. Fl. Pl.
Nepal 2: 78 (1979). Grey-Wilson, in Griersonand Long (eds.), Fl. Bhutan 2: 103, f. 13zc–ze(1991). Press et al., Annotated Checklist Fl. Pl.
Nepal: 22 (2000). Chen et al., in Wu and Raven(eds.), Fl. China 12: 58 (2007). Yu, Balsamina-

88

Sinobu Akiyama

Fig. 2.

Lectotype of Impatiens exilis Hook. f. (Pantling in 1901, no. 1244 Cat. Hb. Griﬃth, K000694676).

ceae China: 96, col. pl. (2012). Ruchisansakun etal., Blumea 63: 37 (2018).
Type: Anonymous s.n. (LINN-HL1053.5,
lecto) (Christenhusz and Jarvis, 2010).
I. cornuta L., Sp. Pl.: 937 (1753).–Balsamina

cornuta (L.) DC., Prodr. 1: 686 (1824). Type: Sri
Lanka. Paul Hermann 3: 9, n. 316 (BM000621820,
lecto) (Singh, 2017).–I. balsamina L. var. sylvestris Wight & Arn., Prodr. 1: 136 (1834).
I. coccinea Sims, Bot. Mag. 31: t. 1256

Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (1)(1810). Type: Sims (1810) t. 1256, illustration of
specimen cultivated in Sloane street by Mr. Salisbury, seeds received from Mr. Roxburgh, east
India (lecto) (Ruchisansakun et al., 2018).
I. balsamina L. var. longifolia Wight & Arn.,
Prodr. 1: 136 (1834). Type: Wall. Numer. List. n.
4734 (K001039792).–I. longifolia (Wight &Arn.) Benth. ex Wall., Numer. List. n. 4734
(1831), nom. nud.
I. arcuata Wight & Arn., Prodr. 1: 136 (1834).
Type: India. Wall. Numer. List. n. 4735
(K001039793).–I. balsamina L. var. arcuata(Wight & Arn.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 454(1875).
Distribution: Widely cultivated, native of SE
Asia.
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 1200–1900 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Cultivated in gardens andescaped on roadsides.
Section Fasciculatae S.X.Yu & Wei Wang in
Yu et al., Cladistics 32 (online): 191 (2015,
printed in 2016).
Type species: I. arguta Hook.f. & Thomson.
Species 8.
Notes: Although sect. Fasciculatae wasreported to be characterized by long, fusiform
capsules, fascicled inﬂorescences (of 2 or 3 ﬂowers), 4 lateral sepals, and ellipsoid seeds (Yu etal., 2015), the capsule of I. arguta, the only species of this section, is linear, as described by
Hooker and Thomson (1859) and as seen in thetype specimen (Fig. 3). The position of sect. Fasciculatae between sect. Impatiens and sect. Racemosae (both sections characterized by linear, clavate or cylindrical capsules) (Yu et al., 2015) isreasonable because I. arguta has linear capsules.
The phylogenetic distinctness of Impatiens
arguta was already shown by Fujihashi et al.
(2002). They reported that I. arguta (chromosome number 2n＝20, in monophyletic groupB2), together with I. puberula and I. discolor(chromosome number 2n＝20, in monophyletic
group B3), apart from other Nepalese species(chromosome number 2n＝18, monophyletic
group A). Section Impatiens includes I. noli-tan-89

gere, I. nubigena, and I. textorii, which all
have 2n＝20 chromosomes, was placed in monophyletic group B1 by Fujihashi et al. (2002).
Sections Racemosae, Subumbellatae, Sulcataeand Urticifoliae include the Nepalese I. bicornuta, I. racemosa, I. radiata, I. sulcata and I.
urticifolia (all 2n＝18) were in monophyletic
groups A1 and 2 in Fujihashi et al. (2002). The
relationships of I. arguta with other species in
the Sino-Himalaya region is phylogeneticallyinteresting.
8) Impatiens arguta Hook.f. & Thomson, J.
Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: 137 (1860). Hara, inHara & Williams (eds.), Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2:
78 (1979). Photo Pl. E. Himal.: t. 87 (1968).
Grey-Wilson, in Grierson & Long, Fl. Bhutan 2:
92 (1991). Chen et al., Fl. China (2007). S.-X.
Yu, Balsaminaceae China: 154 (2012).
Type: Umbrosis Himalayæ orientalis temperatæ
et tropicæ; Sikkim, alt. 5000–7000 ped. [Sikkim
Himalayah, Darjeeling, 7500 ft.] (Hooker [J. D.
H.] s.n., K000694618, lecto) (Ruchisansaku et al.,2018) (Fig. 3); [Darjeeling. Sept.] (Hooker [J. D.
H.] s.n., K000694619, syn); [Sikkim Himalayas.
Ex ***[illegible], abundant at 7000 ft. Fl. bluepurple] (Hooker [J. D. H.] s.n. K000694620,syn); Mont. Khasiæ, alt. 3000–6000 ped. (Lobb,& c, ﬂ. Jun.–Oct., syn not seen).
I. gagei Hook.f., Hookerʼs Icon. Pl. 30: t. 2951
(1911). Type: Eastern Himalaya: Darjeeling;
Tonglo slopes, below Simana, alt. 6000–8000 ft.
(Burkill 27744, K000694617, lecto) (Ruchisansaku, et al. 2018), loc. cit. (Burkill 27743, syn,not seen), loc. cit. (Burkill 27745, syn, not seen).
Distribution: Nepal (east), E Himalaya (ENepal to Bhutan), Tibetan Plateau and AssamMyanmar.
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 2100–2900 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Hills at mid elevations;open places in forests.
Flowering in Nepal: July to September
Nepalese specimens examined: Arun Valley,
Maghang Khola, E. of Num, 2550 m (J. D. A.
Stainton 817, 1 July 1956, A, BM-44254, TI).
Chauki. 27°11′, 37°29′, 2500 m (J. F. Dobremez

90

Sinobu Akiyama

Fig. 3.

Lectotype of Impatiens arguta Hook. f. & Thomson (J. D. Hooker s.n., K000694618).

1516, 17 Aug. 1972, BM-44009). Nigale, 5500ft. (Banerjee, Shrestha & Upadhya 2633, 11 Sept.
1964, US). Phaplos, 8–9000 ft. (Lall Dhwoj 79,
in 1930, BM-43995, E). Tinjure Danda, 2400 m(Williams & Stainton 8402, 6 Sept. 1967,

BM-44388, TI). Dhankuta Distr., Bilbatay
Bhanjang, 2200 m (H. Hara et al. 25 Oct. 1963,
TI); Chitre, 2400 m (H. Kanai et al. 721162, 7 July
1972, TI); Murhay (H. Hara et al. s.n., 23 Oct.
1963, TI); Shidua–Chittre–Basantapur–Tute (H.

Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (1)Ohba et al. 9120030*, 13 July 1991, TI); Shidua–
Tute (H. Ohba et al. 9120029*, 9120045*, 13 July
1991, TI); Tute–Sindua (H. Ohashi et al. 771288,
2 Sept. 1977, TI); Goruwale Bhanjang (Bhanduke)–Maimajuwa–Pemeglu–Deurali Illam–Mai
Pokhari, 2300 m (S. Noshiro et al. 9241103*, 26
June 1992, TI); Panchthar Distr., Prangbung–
Namle
Phedi–Namle–Goruwale
Bhanjang(Bhanduke), 2300 m (S. Noshiro et al. 9241070*,
25 June 1992, TI). Ramechhap Distr., Bhandar–
Kenja–Sete, 1880 m (M. Wakabayashi et al.
9710032, 29 July 1997, TI). Rasuwa Distr.,
Syabru–Gonpagaon–Barbal–Bhargu–Dhunche,
2300 m (H. Takayama et al. 9241088, 25
July 1992, TI). Solukhumbu Distr., Bandar–
Goranda–Thadokhora–Linkhu
Khola–Chamla
Kharka–Chamare–Namkhli (F. Miyamoto etal. 9584017, 9596061, 20 July 1995, TI);
Fera–Ringmu–Pangoma–Takisindu–Thoghe
Boeeg–Nunthara, 2780 m (F. Miyamoto et al.
9596393, 26 July 1995, TI); Kharikhola–Copra–
Pangonba, 2110 m (F. Miyamoto et al. 9584068,
28 July 1995, TI); Kurki–Pangkongma La–Pangkongma–Kharikhola, 2270 m (M. Wakabayashi
et al. 9720321, 29 Aug. 1997, TI); Namikhil–
Chamare–Likhu (a bridge)–Bhandar (H. Ohba et
al. 8572574, 10 Sept. 1985, TI); 1900 m(H. Ohba et al. 8520416, 10 Sept. 1985, TI);
Namkhli–Gori–Gnaula, 2300 m (F. Miyamoto etal. 9592060, 21 July 1995, TI).
Notes: Ruchisansakun et al. (2018) designated
Hooker 101 (K000694618) as the lectotype of I.
arguta. The number ʻ101ʼ of ʻHooker 101ʼ is not
Hookerʼs collection number, but the number usedby Hooker to organize the specimens Impatiens,
as in the case of I. serratifolia mentioned below.
It is not certain that all of specimens cited by
Ruchisansakun et al. (2018) as isolectotypes are
duplicates of the specimen chosen as the lectotype.
Section Axilliﬂorae Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1:
441 (1874).
Type species: I. scabrida DC., lecto, designated by S. X. Yu & Wei Wang (Yu et al., 2015).
Species 9–17.

91

Impatiens sect. Lateriﬂorae Hook.f. & Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: 113 (1859), proparte.
Impatiens sect. Racemosae Hook.f. & Thomson: S. X. Yu et al., Cladistics 32 (online): 191(2015, printed in 2016), pro parte.
Notes: Section Axilliﬂorae, sensu Yu et al.
(2015), consists of species distributed in the
Himalaya, Southeast Asia, and southwest China.
They are characterized by linear capsules, manyﬂowered racemose inﬂorescences and ovoid
seeds. The following Nepalese species in section
Axilliﬂorae are characterized by the middle
bracts in the inﬂorescence. The position of thebract in the inﬂorescence is an important character in distinguishing the species (Hooker andThomson, 1859; Hooker, 1874–75; Chen, 1978;
Akiyama and Ohba, 2000; Chen et al., 2007).
Inﬂorescences are not racemose but unusual(Akiyama and Ohba, 2000). Only two Nepalesespecies of section Axilliﬂorae, I. scabrida and I.
falcifer, were surveyed molecularly; they are
remote from other species of the section (Yu etal., 2015).
9) Impatiens uncipetala C.B.Clarke ex Hook.,
Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: 18, 22 (1905). Hara, inHara and Williams (eds.), Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2:
80 (1979). Grey-Wilson, in Grierson and Long
(eds.), Fl. Bhutan 2: 92, f. 11t–v (1991). Press etal., Annotated Checklist Fl. Pl. Nepal: 24 (2000).
Chen, Akiyama and Ohba, in Wu and Raven(eds.), Fl. China 12: (2007). Gogoi et al., Phytotaxa 273: 207 (2016). Ruchisansakun et al.,Blumea 63: (2018).
Type: India. Darjeeling, Rungyroong, 6500 ft.
(Clarke 9121, 6 Sept. 1869, K000694903, lecto)(Gogoi et al., 2016). Sikkim. alt. 6500–8500 ft.
[Darjeeling, Sinchul 8500] ([Clarke 8846, 27
Aug. 1869], K000694902, syn).
I. yui S.H.Huran, Acta Bot. Yunnan 25: 266(2003). Type: China. Yunnan, Gongshan, Dulongjiang mixed forest, 1800 m (T. T. Yü 19964, KUN,
holo).
I. scabrida auct. non Wall.: Hook. f., Fl. Brit.
India 1: 472 (1875), p.p.

92

Sinobu Akiyama

I. cristata auct. non Wall.: Hara, Fl. E. Himal.:
195 (1966).
Distribution: Nepal (east) and E Himalaya.
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 2200–2400 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Hills at mid elevations; inforests.
Flowering in Nepal: June to October.
Nepalese specimens examined: Dhankuta
Distr., Shidua–Tute (H. Ohba et al. 9120043*,
13 July 1991, TI); Sinduwa, 2100 m (H. Hara et al.
6306721, 24 Oct. 1963, TI); Sinduwa–Chitray (H.
Hara et al. 6306722, 24 Oct. 1963, TI). Panchthar
Distr., Chyangthapu–Chamlin Danda–Perunge–
Dabale Deurali, 2500 m (S. Noshiro et al.
9241023*, 23 June 1992, TI); Dabale Deurali–
bridge–Memeng–Prangbung (S. Noshiro et al.
9241051*, 24 June 1992, TI). Sankhuwasawa
Distr., Tinjure Phedi–Mangal Bare (H. Ohba et
al. 9120059*, 15 July 1991, TI). Taplejung
Distr., Surke Pati–Gupha Pokhari (H. Ohashi etal. 771180, 772940, 774134, 775444, 30 Aug.
1977, TI).
10) Impatiens kharensis S.Akiyama, H.Ohba &M.Wakabayashi in Ohba and Malla (eds.),
Himal. Pl. 2: 75, f. 9, col. pl. 5e (1991). Press etal., Annotated Checklist Fl. Pl. Nepal: 23 (2000).
Type: C Nepal. Khare Khola: Bitta Kharka(4100 m)–a valley (3300 m)–Patale Pokhari(4000 m) (H. Ohba et al. 8320702, 12 Sept. 1983,
TI, holo; KATH, iso).
Distribution: Endemic to Nepal (East).
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 3300–4000 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Alpine.
Flowering: September.
Nepalese specimen examined: Type only.
11) Impatiens serrata Benth. [ex Wall., Numer.
List: 168, n. 4771 (1831), nom. nud.] ex Hook.f.
& Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: 136(1859). Hara, in Hara and Williams (eds.), Enum.
Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 80 (1979). Akiyama et al., in
Ohba and Malla (eds.), Himal. Pl. 2: 74, f. 8, col.
pl. 5d (1991). Grey-Wilson, in Grierson andLong (eds.), Fl. Bhutan 2: 96, f. 13 m, n (1991).
Press et al., Annotated Checklist Fl. Pl. Nepal: 23(2000). Chen et al., in Wu and Raven (eds.), Fl.
China 12: 83 (2007). S.-X. Yu, Balsaminaceae
China: 201 (2012).
Type: Umbrosis Himalayæ temperatæ centralis
et orientalis, Nepal [Napalia] ([Wallich Cat. no.
4771, in 1821], K001039866, lecto, designatedhere) (Fig. 4). Sikkim, 8000–10000 ped. (J. D. H.
s.n., syn) (not found).
I. serrulata Hook.f., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: 7,
10 (1904). Type: Kumaon, Ralam valley, at Saba
Udiyar (not found).
Distribution: Nepal (west, central, east), W
Himalaya and E Himalaya.
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 2000–3600 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Hills at mid elevations toalpine.
Flowering in Nepal: July to October.
Nepalese specimens examined (addition to
Akiyama et al., 1991): (N. Wallich, Cat. no. 4771,
BM-44361). (Clive Wigram s.n., in 1927, E). Central (J. Scully s.n., Sept. 1880, K). Bheding,
12–13000 ft. (Lall Dhwoj 331, in 1930,
BM-44000, E). Between boulders along trail near
Dobato (28°03′ 85°28′), 2500 m (J. H. de Haas
2333, 8 Aug. 1978, BM-43974). Gangja La–Palchock Danda (O. Polunin 1962, 10–17 Sept.
1949, BM-44179). Near Gorjigoth, Don Sehl, N.
W. of Jumla, 11000 ft. (O. Polunin, W. R. Sykes& L. H. Williams 5060, 9 Aug. 1952, BM-44212,
E). Nr. Gurjakhani, 8500 ft. (Stainton, Sykes &Williams 3682, 31 July 1954, BM-44277, E).
South of Gurjakhani, 11000 ft. (Stainton, Sykes& Williams 3867, BM-44281, E). Between
Jumla and Gorjigoth, 12000 ft. (O. Polunin, W.
R. Sykes & L. H. Williams 5066, 9 Aug. 1952,
BM-44213, E). Lang Dang, 7000 ft. (F. M.
Bailey′s collectors 31 Aug. 1935, BM-43862).
Laurivingyak, 10–11000 ft. (S. B. Malla 9226,
27 Juy 19677, BM-44154). Maney Dara,
13–14000 ft. (L. Dhwoj 505, in 1930,
BM-44002, E). Sattewati, 6500 ft. (Stainton,
Sykes & Williams 8912, 12 Oct. 19541
BM-44324, E). E. of Tarke–Ghyang, 28°00′–
85°33′, 31–3400 m (J. H. de Haas 2714, 8 Sept.
1975, BM-43984). Tsedang Pokhari, 3100 m (H.
Kanai & S.B. Malla 674682, 23 Aug. 1969, TI).

Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (1)93Fig. 4. Lectotype of Impatiens serrata Benth. ex Hook. f. & Thomson (N. Wallich Cat. no. 4771, in 1821,
K001039866).

Bajhang Distr., Jimkot–Sonargaon–Daruhgaon–
Meltadi–Khaptad National Park, 2850 m (M.
Suzuki et al. 9170959, 26 Aug. 1991, TI);
2950 m (M. Suzuki et al. 9170993, 27 Aug. 1991,
TI); Pategaon–Ghodi Lehk Deorali–Badigaon,
3250 m (M. Suzuki et al. 9170663, 16 Aug. 1991,

TI). Kalikot Distr., Panipokhari–Bajangeneta–
Beuli–a pass–Chaukebada, 2800 m (M. Suzuki etal. 9170231, 4 Aug. 1991, TI). Rasuwa Distr., a
Kharka–Pabil Kharka, 3300 m (F. Miyamoto etal. 9420189*, 6 Aug. 1994, TI); a Kharka–Pati).
Kharka, 3720 m (F. Miyamoto et al. 9420166*, 494

Sinobu Akiyama

Aug. 1994, TI); Chyauche Kharka–a bridge–
Lingju, 3580 m (F. Miyamoto et al. 9420242*, 12
Aug. 1994, TI); Deolari–Sing Gomba (T.
Hoshino et al. 9535090, 9535107, 9536044,
9539060, 9539061, 22 July 1995, TI); Laurebinayak–Sing Gomba (T. Hoshino et al. 9539215,
30 July 1995, TI); Mangen–Khodang Danda (H.
Hara et al. 723206, 28 Aug. 1972, TI); 3000 m(H. Hara et al. 722023, 723206, 28 Aug. 1972,
TI); Pati Kharka–cross a river–a Kharka (near
Pabil Kharka), 3800 m (F. Miyamoto et al.
9420180*, 5 Aug. 1994, TI); Sing Gomba–Laurebinayak, 3800 m (T. Hoshino et al. 9533102,
23 July 1995, TI); Trisuli Khola–Singum Gompa,
3200 m (H. Hara et al. 723205, 22 Aug. 1972,
TI). Sindhupalchok Distr., Jangdang Kharka–
Tingoang, 3100 m (H. Kanai et al. 672949, 24
Sept. 1970, TI); Thale–Thale Bisauna, 2600 m(H. Kanai, Ch. Chuma & T. Nagano 675182, 10
Sept. 1970, TI); Tingoang–Khosori Khabre,3000 m (H. Kanai, Ch. Chuma & T. Nagano
675183, 675181, 12 Sept. 1970, TI).
12) Impatiens williamsii H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 47:
142 (1972). Hara, in Hara and Williams (eds.),
Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 80 (1979). Press et al.,Annotated Checklist Fl. Pl. Nepal: 24 (2000).
Type: Nepal. Between Jumla and Garjigoth,
1000 ft (Polunin, Sykes & Williams 5041, 8 Aug.
1952, BM, holo).
Distribution: Endemic to Nepal (west).
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 2400–3100 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Hills at mid elevations.
Flowering in Nepal: August.
Nepalese specimen examined: Type only.
13) Impatiens falcifer Hook.f., Bot. Mag. 129: t.
7923 (1903). Hara, in Hara and Williams (eds.),
Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 78 (1979). Akiyama et al.,in Ohba and Malla (eds.), Himal. Pl. 2: 72, f. 7,
col. pl. 5a, b (1991). Grey-Wilson, in Griersonand Long (eds.), Fl. Bhutan 2: 95, f. 12r, s(1991). Press et al., Annotated Checklist Fl. Pl.
Nepal: 22 (2000). Chen et al., in Wu and Raven(eds.), Fl. China 12: 83 (2007). S.-X. Yu,
Balsaminaceae China: 188, col. ﬁgs. (2012).

Type: [India]. [Sikkim. Regio. temp. alt.
8–1000 ped.] [Lachin 9–10–11000 ft] ([J. D. H.
s.n., 31 July 1849], K000694739, lecto, designated here) (Fig. 5). [Sikkim. Lachung River,
8–9000 ft.] ([J. D. H. s.n., 2 Oct. 1849],
K000694740, syn).
I. serrata auct. non Benth.: Hook. f. in Fl. Brit.
India 1: 473 (1875), p.p.
Distribution: Nepal (central, east) and E
Himalaya.
Altitudinal range: 2500–3400 m.
Ecology: Hills at mid elevations to alpine.
Flowering: June to October.
Nepalese specimens examined (in addition to
those cited in Akiyama et al., 1991): Arun Valley,
Chyamtang, 9000 ft. (J. D. A. Stainton 1745, 21
Sept. 1956, A, BM-44260, E). near Bhuanjeng(27°55′–85°30′), 3300 m (J. H. de Haas 2117, 8
Aug. 1974, BM-43971). Shepherd-houses, E of
Dobato, (3200 m) 3500 m (J. H. de Haas 2806, 19
Sept. 1974, BM-43985). Iswa Khola, 11000 ft.
(L. W. Beer 25561, 5 Oct. 1975, BM-43884).
Jhade-Magan, 10–11000 ft. (S. B. Malla 9559,
29 July 1967, BM-44155). Kasua Khola, 12000ft. (L. W. Beer 9538, 2 July 1971, BM-43874).
Kasuwa Khola, 10000 ft. (L. W. Beer 25321, 17
Aug. 1975, BM-43881). Kharte, 37°36′86°42′,
3000 m (J. F. Dobremez 302, 4 July 1970,
BM-44094). Langtang, 11500 ft. (O. Polunin
530, 22 June 1949, BM-44166). Magan–Ghopte,
10000 ft. (T. B. Shrestha & P. R. Shakya 3768, 9
Sept. 1965, US2582296). Maney Dara,
13–14000 ft. (Lall Dhwoj 505, in 1930, E). Panghu Danda–Mere Danda (H. Kanai & S. B.
Malla 674694, 23 Aug. 1969, TI). Phulchoki,
south of Kathmandu, 2650 m (H. Hara et al.
723210, 15 July 19725, TI). Riala, 5000 ft. (Polunin, Sykes & Williams 1317, 2 Sept. 1952, E).
Tamur Valley, Mewa Khola, 10000 ft. (J.D.A.
Stainton 1309, 9 Aug. 1956, BM-44257). Tambra
Khola, 27°30′N, 87°57′E, 9500 ft. (L. H. J. Williams 921, 24 June 1969, BM-44375). Wabak
Khola, 9500 ft. (L. W. Beer 9485, 27 July 1971,
BM-43871). Gorkha Distr., Lungdang Gompa,
3170 m (M. Suzuki et al. 9460512, 29 July 1994,
TI). Lalitpur Distr., Phulchoki (H. Kanai 673414,

Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (1)Fig. 5.

95

Lectotype of Impatiens falcifer Hook. f. (J. D. Hooker s.n., 31 July 1849, K000694739).

9 Aug. 1969, TI). Rasuwa Distr., Langtang village area, 11500 ft. (O. Polunin 1561, 1 Aug.
1949, BM-44171); Between Syarpagaon &Langtang, 3000 m (D. Nicolson 2555, 20 Sept.

1966, BM-44159, US2571537); Gopte–Thale
Patil (H. Hara et al. 723211, 26 Aug. 1972, A,
BM-44052, TI; 723217 26 Aug. 1972, TI); Lama
Hotel–Langtang–Shingdum (S. Noshiro 9154521,

96

Sinobu Akiyama

31 Aug. 1991, TI); Oo Kharka, 3400 m (H. Kanai& P. R. Shakya 672370, 7 July 1970, TI);
Shingdum–Kyanjin Gompa–Langshisa Kharka (S.
Noshiro 9154536, 1 Sept. 1991, TI). Sankhuwasawa Distr., Bhainsi Kharka, 3030 m (M. Suzuki
et al. 8850751, 31 July 1988, TI); Bhainsi Kharka–
Danda Kharka–Unshisa Kharka–Khongma (M.
Suzuki et al. 8820497, 8880454, 8880461, 15
July 1988, TI); 2555 m (M. Minaki et al.
9010109, 4 Aug. 1990, TI); 3200 m (M. Minaki
et al. 9020582, 4 Aug. 1990, TI); 2850 m (M.
Minaki et al. 9020596, 4 Aug. 1990, TI); 2940 m(M. Minaki et al. 9080115, 4 Aug. 1990, TI);
Danda Kharka (Dhari Kharka), 2800 m (M.
Suzuki et al. 8850345, 15 July 1988, TI); E bankof Upper Saldim Khola, below bridge, NW of
Hatiya, 27°45′N, 87°17′E, 2920 m (D. G. Long etal. 723, 12 Oct. 1991, E); Upper Kashwa Khola,Dhap, above Hedangha, 2800 m (Grey-Wilson etal. 4377, 8 Sept. 1981, K); Khongma (Kauma)–
Unshisa Kharka–Bhainsi Kharka–Utise Kharka–
Tashi Gaun (Tashigaon), 3060 m (M. Suzuki etal. 8860373, 31 July 1988, TI); Singoa Kharka–
Pahakhola (H. Ohba et al. 9110452*, 9120401*,
11 Aug. 1991, TI). Sindhupalchok Distr., Kuri–
Charikot, 3100 m (H. Kanai et al. 674667, 29
Sept. 1970, TI); Thale Bisauna–Tingoang,
2800 m (H. Kanai & T. B. Shrestha 675180, 11
Sept. 1970, TI); Forested ridge between Tashigaon and Kauma, 27°37′N, 87°14′E, 2650 m (D.
G. Long et al. 248, 25 Sept. 1991, E).
Solukhumbu Distr., around Rangdu Kharka,
3320 m (M. Wakabayashi et al. 9715117, 9 Aug.
1997, TI); Chhatarwa–a pass–Kurke, 3620 m (F.
Miyamoto et al. 9596522, 29 Aug. 1995, TI); Dudh
Kund–Hinku Khola–Thasing Dingma, 3270 m (F.
Miyamoto et al. 9584267, 27 Aug. 1995, TI);
Gnaula–Pike, 3270 m (F. Miyamoto et al. 9584035,
22 July 1995, TI); 3325 m (F. Miyamoto et al.
9596092, 22 July 1995, TI); Pangkongma–Pangkongma La–Hinku Khola–Nashing Dingma,
2840 m (M. Wakabayashi et al. 9720102, 3 Aug.
1997, TI); Pangonba–Chhotu–Hinku Khola–
Najing Ding, 3000 m (F. Miyamoto et al.
9592136, 29 July 1995, TI); Tashing Dingma–
Thuli Kharka, 3400 m (M. Wakabayashi et al.

9720294, 27 Aug. 1997, TI); Thasing Dingma–
Chhatarwa, 3700 m (F. Miyamoto et al. 9596504,
28 Aug. 1995, TI). Taplejung Distr., Diorali
Bhanjang–Bhandukay, 3100 m (H. Hara et al.
6300481, 14 Nov. 1963, TI).
14) Impatiens bajurensis S.Akiyama & H.Ohba,
J. Jap. Bot. 68: 157 (1993). Press et al., Annotated Checklist Fl. Pl. Nepal: 21 (2000).
Type: Far W Nepal. Seti Zone: Bajura Distr.,
Kaudegaon–Babali, alt. 1520 m (M. Suzuki et al.
9171054, 29 Aug. 1991, TI, holo; KATH, iso).
Distribution: Endemic to Nepal (west).
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 1500–3000 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Hills at mid elevations, onedge of forest.
Flowering in Nepal: April to October.
Nepalese specimens examined: Doti–Siligarhi, 4500 ft. (N. Ecker-Racz 38, 1 Apr. 1967,
US). Between Munigaon and Chutta, S.E. of
Jumla, 9500 ft. (Polunin, Sykes & Williams
4901, 24 July 1952, E). Mugu Kamali Valley,near Lumsa, 7000 ft. (Polunin, Sykes & Williams
5186, 14 Aug. 1952, E). Ratuligaon (Bis Ram
350, 19290502, NY). Samla, 7000 ft. (Polunin,
Sykes & Williams 5560, 4 Oct. 1952,
BM-44221, E). Tibrikot, 2700 m (S. Einarsson etal. 1761, 6 July 1973, BM-44017).
15) Impatiens tricornis Lindl., Bot. Reg. 26: t. 7
(1840). Akiyama & Ohba, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat.
Sci. 42: 128 (2016).
Type: Illustration, t. 7 published in Bot. Reg. 26(1840) (lecto) (Akiyama and Ohba, 2016).
I. praetermissa Hook.f., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37:
29 (1904). Type: Wallich s.n. (not found).
I. scabrida auct. non DC.: Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind.
Orient. 2: t. 323 (1840). Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India
1: 472 (1875); Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: 7 & 10(1904). Hara, Fl. E. Himal.: 196 (1966); 2nd rep.:
75 (1971); in Hara and Williams (eds.), Enum.
Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 80 (1979). Polunin and Stainton,
Fl. Himal.: 70 (1984). Akiyama et al., in Ohba
and Malla (eds.), Himal. Pl. 2: 83, ﬁg. 16, Pl. 6
a–c (1991); J. Jap. Bot. 67: 192 (1992). Press etal., Annotated Checklist Fl. Pl. Nepal: 23 (2000).

Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (1)Chen et al., in Wu and Raven (eds.), Fl. China
12: 83 (2007). S.-X. Yu, Balsaminaceae China:
200, col. ﬁgs. (2012).
I. cristata auct. non Wall.: Hook. f., Rec. Bot.
Surv. India 4: 7 & 10 (1904); 22 (1905). GreyWilson, in Grierson and Long (eds.), Fl. Bhutan
2: 92, ﬁg. 12a–c (1991).
Distribution: Nepal (west, central), W Himalaya, and E Himalaya.
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 1000–2700 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Hills at mid elevations.
Flowering in Nepal: August to September.
Nepalese specimens examined (in addition to
those cited in Akiyama and Ohba, 2016):
Dadeldhura, 2000 m (P. R. Shakya & D. P. Joshi
479, 5 May 1971, TI). Dhanche, 1800 m (P. R.
Shakya & Dr. Adhikari 611, 19 July 1971, TI).
Dhumpus / Lumle, 2100 m (H. Flatt 107, 8 Oct.
1969, TI). Near Balangra Pass, 3600 m (Polunin,
Sykes & Williams 2628, 28 July 1952, TI).
Takumsibang, 1650 m (Stainton, Sykes & Williams 4247, 6 Sept. 1954, TI). Bajhang Distr.,
Chainpur–Subeda–Seti Nadi–Sudaya-Sangur
Khola–Laitola–Newtomi-Jimkot, 1200 m (M.
Suzuki et al. 9170946, 25 Aug. 1991, TI); Dhalaun–a pass–Ghat Khola–Jima–Rasa, 1980 m (M.
Suzuki et al. 9170804, 20 Aug. 1991, TI); Berseni–Shalkatiyan–Naulakot–Pirekot–Pandusen–
Porakya Deorali–Porakya, 2130 m (M. Suzuki et al.
9170507, 12 Aug. 1991, TI); Serigaon–Ukhadi–ariver–Jugalo–a pass–Budhiganga Khola–Bashala,
1600 m (M. Suzuki et al. 9170590, 14 Aug. 1991,
TI). Dolakha Distr., Gungur Khpla–Jagat,
1120 m (S. Noshiro et al. 20710213, 24 Sept.
2007, TI); Jamune, 1040 m (S. Noshiro et al.
20710051, 14 Sept. 2007, TI). Gorkha Distr.,
Syaule Bhatti–Thado Bharyang–Jagat, 1000 m(M. Suzuki et al. 9470146, 23 July 1994, TI).
Jumla Distr., Munigaon–Chutta, SE. of Jumla,
2850 m (Polunin, Sykes & Williams s.n., 24
July 1952, TI). Kalikot Distr., Chaukebada–
Haudi–Sukativ–Battis–Tila Khola–Badarigaon (M.
Suzuki et al. 9170299, 5 Aug. 1991, TI).
Kaski Distr., Tikhedhunga (Tirkhedhunga)–Hile(Hille)–Birethanti–Chandrakot–Kande (Kaare) (M.
Suzuki et al. 8881795, 7 Sept. 1988, TI); 1300 m

97(M. Suzuki et al. 8881778, 7 Sept. 1988, TI).
Lalitpur Distr., Godavari (H. Hara et al.
6306731, 18 Sept. 1963, TI); (H. Hara et al.,
69870, 19690528, TI); 1500 m (H. Kanai
674472, 1 Nov. 1969, TI). Makwanpur Distr.,
Deorali–Kuli Khani, 1700 m (H. Kanai & T.B.
Shrestha 672729, 3 Sept. 1970, TI). Manang
Distr., Latamanang, 2440 m (M. Mikage et al.
9485416, 14 Aug. 1994, TI). Myagdi Distr.,
Ghodepani
Deurali(Ghorapani)–Ranibas–
Chitre–Phalante–Ghopte Kharka–Shika, 2400 m(M. Suzuki et al. 8881364, 25 Aug. 1988, TI);
Shika–Khipang(Khibang)–Paudwar–Jibang–
Gaunapani–Narchang (Nracheng), 1460 m (M.
Suzuki et al. 8881449, 26 Aug. 1988, TI);
1700 m (M. Suzuki et al. 8881458, 26 Aug. 1988,
TI). Rasuwa Distr., Between Dhunche andDhimsa, 1950 m (D. G. Long et al., 130, 5 Oct.
2001, TI); Dhunche–Bharku–Syabru (S. Noshiro
9154503, 29 Aug. 1991, TI); Lingju–Tibling,
2100 m (F. Miyamoto et al. 9420264*, 13 Aug.
1994, TI); Trisuli Khola–Singum Gompa, 2500 m(H. Hara et al. 721799, 22 Aug. 1972, TI).
16) Impatiens scabrida DC., Prodr. 1: 687 (Jan.
1824). Akiyama and Ohba, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus.,
Ser. B 42: 129 (2016).
Type: Nepal [Napauliâ]. (N. Wallich,
G00218814, holo).
I. calycina Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 463(Mar.–June 1824). Type: Nepal. Chundrugiri[Chandragiri] [Chandaghiry on label] (N. Wallich
4769a, Aug. 1821, lecto) (Akiyama and Ohba,
2016)].
I. cristata Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 456(Mar.–June 1824). Type: No authentic specimen
found.
Distribution: Nepal.
Altitudinal range in Nepal: Unknown.
Ecology in Nepal: Unknown.
Flowering in Nepal: Unknown.
Nepalese specimens examined: Known only
from the types of I. scabrida and I. calycina.
17) Impatiens serratifolia Hook.f., Rec. Bot.
Surv. India 4: 18, 23 (1905).

98

Sinobu Akiyama

Fig. 6.

Lectotype of Impatiens serratifolia Hook. f. (J. D. Hooker, 6 Aug. 1849, K000694938).

Type: Sikkim. Lachong, Regio temp., alt.
9–10000 ped (J. D. Hooker, 6 Aug. 1849,
K000694938, lecto, designated here) (Fig. 6);
Lachen, alt. 8–10000 ped (J. D. Hooker, 3 Aug.

1849, K, syn).
I. serrata auct. non Benth.: Hook. f., Fl. Brit.
India 1: 473 (1875), p.p.
Distribution: Nepal (central, east) and E

Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (1)Himalaya.
Altitudinal range in Nepal: 2400–3000 m.
Ecology in Nepal: Hills at mid elevations.
Flowering in Nepal: May to September.
Nepalese specimens examined: Arun Valley,
Chyamtang, 8000 ft. (J.D.A. Stainton 413,
24 May 1956, A, BM; 1756, 21 Sept. 1956, A,
BM). Kyapra to Phedi, Ghunsa Khola, 27°38′N,
87°55′ E, 2700 m (KEKE 324, 7 Sept. 1989, E).
Notes: In the Kew Herbarium Catalogue database, the collector and collector number of specimen K000694938 is recorded as ʻHooker, J. D.,
89;ʼ the date of collection is given as 6 Aug.
1849, which accords with the date on the label ofthe specimen. Another Hooker specimen at K,
but not in the database, was collected on 3 Aug.
1849 (see specimen label) is also numbered ʻ89.ʼ
It is unreasonable to consider the latter to be a
duplicate of K000694938, because of the diﬀerent collection dates. I consider the second specimen numbered ʻ89ʼ to be a syntype, not an isolectotype. The number ʻ89ʼ is regarded as Hookerʼs
species number in his study of Impatiens (seeHooker, 1903).
Acknowledgments
I am indebted to Dr. Hideaki Ohba, Professor
Emeritus, University of Tokyo, for his continued
guidance during my study. I am grateful to Dr.
David E. Bouﬀord, Harvard University Herbaria,
for critically reading the manuscript. I thankmembers of the Society of Himalayan Botanyand others, who collaborated the ﬁeld researcheswith me. I express my sincere thanks to thedirectors and curators of the herbaria mentioned
for permitting me to study their valuable collections.
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