Bull. Natn . Sci. M us., Tokyo, Ser. B, 28(2), pp. 27-38, June 22, 2002

A List of Polypores (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales)
Collected in Jumla, Nepal
Tsutomu Hattori 1, Mahesh Kumar Adhikari 2,
Takashi Suda\ and Yoshimichi Doi 4
1

Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, P.O.Box 16, Norin Kenkyu Danchi,
Tsukuba, lbaraki 305- 8687, Japan
E-mai l: hattori@ffpri.affrc .go.jp
2
Botanical Survey & Herbarium Section, Godawary, Lalitpur, Nepal (KATH)
3
1- 3408- 5, Hishi-machi, Kiryu, Gumma 370- 0001, Japan
4
Department of Botany, National Science Museum, Tokyo, 4- 1- 1 Amakubo,
Tsukuba, lbaraki 305- 0005,Japan
Emai l: y-doi@kahaku.go.jp

Abstract Twenty-four species of polypores are reported from Juml a, Nepal. Three new species,
Pachykytospora nepalensis T. Hatt., Phellinus subsanfordii T. Hatt. , Trichaptum montanum T. Hatt.
are described. Pachykytospora nepalensis is characteri zed by the long tubes (up to IOmrn deep),
white and large (2- 3/mrn) pores, and tuberculate basidiospores measured 8.5- 11.5 X4.5- 6.5 f1.m .
Phellin us subsanfordii is characterized by the duplex context with a thin crust, scattered hyphoidsetae, and subglobose and almost colorless bas idiospores. T montanum is characterized by the
duplex context with white and fibrous tomentum, tubular hymenophore with regular pores, andcy lindrical basidiospores meas ured 5.2- 6.5 X 1.2- 2.0 p.m.
Key words: Nepal, new species, Pachykytospora nepalensis, Phellinus subsanjordii, polypores,
Trichaptum montanum.

Introduction
Berke ley ( 1851 a; 1851 b; 1854a; 1854b) described a number of polypores from Himalayas
based on the specimens collected by W. J. Hooker. Imazeki et al. ( 1966) reported 21 polyporesand several other fungi from Sikkim and other
Himal ayan areas. Rattan ( 1977) reported 198
species of resupinate Aphyllophorales fungi fromthe North Western Himalayas including 16 polypores. Hjortstam & Ryvarden (1984) reported 39
polypores and other corticioid fungi from central
areas of Nepal. Recently, Adhikari (2000) made acomprehensive list of macrofungi known from
Nepal and listed 136 polypores. However, polypore mycobiota in Nepal and other Himalayan
areas is still not well established.
This report provides 24 polypores including 3
new species and 7 species new to Nepal based on
the spec imens coll ected in temperate to subalpine

areas (alt. 2,650- 3,500 m) of Jumla, a middl ewest area of Nepal. All specimens examined here
were collected by T. Suda, M. K. Adhikari , and
Y. Doi, and are deposited in the National Herbarium of Botanical Survey & Herbarium Section,
Godawary, Lalitpur, Nepal (KATH), and duplicate specimens in the herbarium of the Department of Botany, National Science Museum,
Tokyo (TNS).

List and descriptions
Bjerkandera adusta (Willd. : Fr.) P. Karst.,
Medd. Soc . Fauna Fl. Fenn. 5:38 (1897).
Distribution: widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere (Gilbertson and Ryvarden,
1986).
Specimens examined: Bhotel Pipal, Chausandra Khol a, Jumla, alt. 2,700- 2,900 m, 11 May
1999 (TNS-F-4472), near Chhakalepani , Juml a,

28

T. Hattori et al.

alt. 3,650 m , 14 May 1999 (TNS-F-4473).
Coltricia cinnamomea (Pers.) Murrill, Bull.
Torr. Bot. Cl. 31:343 (1904).
Distribution: cosmopolitan (Ryvarden &Gilbertson, 1993).
Specimen examined: Deepal Goan, Jumla, alt.
2,650m, 10 May 1999 (TNS-F-107767).
Fomitopsis aff. cajanderi (P. Karst.) Kotl. &Pouzar, Ceska Mykol. 11: 157 ( 1957).
The specimen indicated above likely to represents F cajanderi, but we tentatively leave this as
F. aff. cajanderi because it is sterile and might be
F rosea (Alb. & Schwein. : Fr.) P. Karst. , an allied
species with differently shaped basidiospores.
Specimens examined: Bhotel Pipal , Chausandra Khola, Jumla, alt. 2,700- 2,900 m, 11 May
1999 (TNS-F-4474).
Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., Bull. Soc.
Mycol. France 5: 67 (1889).
Distribution: cosmopolitan (Gilbertson & Ryvarden, 1986).
Specimen examined: Near Chhakalepani,
Jumla, alt. 3,650m, 14 May 1999 (TNS-F-4475).
Gloeophyllum protractum (Fr.) Imazeki, Bull.
Tokyo Sci. M us. 6: 75 ( 1943).
Distribution: widely distributed in the boreal
areas of the Northern Hemisphere (Gilbertson &Ryvarden, 1986). This is the first report of thisspecies from Nepal.
Specimen examined: Bhotel Pipal, Chausandra
Khola, Jumla, alt. 2,700- 2,900 m, 11 May 1999
(TNS-F- 107797).
Gloeophyllum sepiarium (Fr.) P. Karst., Fin!.
Hattsv. 2: 80 (1879).
Distribution: widely distributed in the boreal
areas of the Northern Hemisphere (Gilbertson &Ryvarden, 1986).
Specimens examined: Ditachaur, Tyanki
Khoncha, Jumla, alt. 2,650 m, 9 May 1999 (TNSF-107761 ; 107762; 4476) .
Heterobasidion insulare (Murrill) Ryvarden,
Norw. J. Bot. 19: 237 ( 1972).
Distribution: From Nepal to Far East Russia,
China, and Japan (Nufiez & Ryvarden, 2001).
Specimen examined: between Bhorgaon Khola& Tharpu Dhunga, Jumla, alt. 2,800- 3,200 m, 17

May, 1999 (TNS-F-4477).
Inonotus obliquus (Pers.: Fr.) Pilat, Atl. Champ.
Eur. III: 572 (1942).
Distribution: widely distributed in the boreal
areas of the Northern Hemisphere (Gilbertson &Ryvarden, 1986).
Specimen examined: Near Chhakalepani,
Jumla, alt. 3,650m, 14 May 1999 (TNS-F-4486).
Inonotus triqueter (Fr.) P. Karst., Rysslands och
Finlands. Basidsv. 2: 73 ( 1881 ).
Distribution: temperate areas of the Northern
Hemisphere (Nufiez & Ryvarden, 2000). This is
the first report of this species from Nepal. In
Central Asia, also known from Pakistan (Hattori& Murakami , 1993).
Specimen examined: Deepal Goan, Jumla, alt.
2,650m, 10 May 1999 (TNS-F-4478) .
lschnoderma benzoinum (Wahlenb. : Fr.) P.
Karst., Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 2: 32 (1881).
Distribution: widely distributed in the boreal
areas of the Northern Hemisphere (Ryvarden &Gilbertson, 1993).
Specimen examined: Bhotel Pipal, Chausandra
Khola, Jumla, alt. 2,700- 2,900 m, 11 May 1999
(TNS-F-4479).
Lenzites cf. acutus Berk., London J. Bot. I : 146( 1842).
Remarks: This resembles L. acutus, a tropicalAsian species and L. warnieri Durieu & Mont. , asouthern European species. It is unclear if this isa distinct species or only a subalpine form of L.
acutus or L. warnieri both with southern distributions. For the time being, we prefer to leave thisas L. cf. acutus.
Specimen examined: Thamikanda-Chhakale
Pani, Jumla, alt. 3,000- 3,600m, 12 May 1999
(TNS-F-4480).
Oligoporus cf. caesius (Schrad. : Fr.) Gilb. &Ryvarden, Mycotaxon 22: 365 ( 1985). Fig. I
Basidiocarps sessile. Pilei dimidiate, fusedthen elongated, applanate to convex; pileus surface glabrous, powdery, azonate to subzonate,pale orange to grayish, partly darker; pileus margin thin and acute, inrolled, almost entire. Context fibrous-chalky, brittle, white, up to 1.5 mm
thick. Tubes chalky, grayish , up to 3 mm deep.

Polypores (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) of Jumla , Nepal

. /\\
~

29

F
2 cm

b

a
.

DDDDDDDDDO
c

10 flille

20 flill

Fig. I. 0/igoporus cf. caesius (Schrad. : Fr.) Gilb. & Ryvarden (TNS-F-4481) a. Upper view of basidiocarps. b.
Section view of basidiocarp. c. Basidiospores. d. Basidia. e. Genrative hyphae from trama. f. Generative hyphae from context.

Pore surface grayish, pores angular to round, 68/mm , dissepiments thin and entire. Taste mild.
Trama hypha! system monomitic: generative
hyphae hyaline, IKI- , with clamp-connections,some conspicuously branched, 1.5- 2.5 f1m wide,swelled in KOH solution. Context hyphaemonomitic: generative hyphae with large looplike clamp-connections, often branched withright angles, 2- 5 f1m wide. Basidia clavate, 4sterigmate, 12- 15 X 3.5-4 f1m . Basidiospores allantoid, bent, hyaline, IKI-, 4-4.5X 1- 1.2 f1m, Q(length/width ratio)=3 .6-4. 1.
Type of rot unknown.
Remarks: This specimen is similar to 0. caesius in the grayish tubes and allantoid basidiospores, but distinct by the fibrous-chalky
context, smaller pores (3-6/mm in typical formof 0. caesius) and smaller basidiospores (4.5- 6 X
1.5- 2 f1m in 0. caesius) . Oligoporus caesius is avariable species, and for the time being we preferto leave this as 0. cf. caesius because it is difficult to judge if it is a distinct species only by asingle specimen.

Specimen examined: Thamikanda-Chhakale
Pani, Jumla, alt. 3,000- 3,600 m, 12 May 1999
(TNS-F-4481 ).
Pachykytospora nepalensis T. Hatt. , sp. nov.
Fig. 2Basidiocarpia resupinata. Caro suberosa, alba.
Tubi suberosi. Pori albi vel cremei, 2- 3/mm . Systema hypharum dimiticum; hyphae generativae
fibulatae; hyphae skeletales haud dextrinoideae.
Sporae ellipsoideae, tuberculares, hyalinae, haud
dextrinoideae, 8.5-11.5X4.5- 6.5 f1m .
Etymology: Latin, nepalensis=Nepalese, occurring in Nepal.
Holotype : NEPAL, Jumla, near Chhakalepani ,alt. 3,650 m, 14 May 1999 (KATH; isotype in
TNS-F-4482).
Basidiocarps fully resupinate. Context corky,white, up to I mm thick. Tubes corky, pale orange, up to I 0 mm deep. Pore surface whitish to
cream; pores angular to round, partly elongated,
2- 3/mm, dissepiments entire.
Trama hypha! system dimitic: generative hyphae hyaline, IKI-, thin-walled, occasionally

30

T. Hattori et al.

-

10 ~m

a

Qd

b

e

c

20 ~m

Fig. 2. Pachykytospora nepalensis T. Hatt. , sp. nov. (TNS-F-4482, isotype) a. Basidiospores. b. Basidia. c. Generative hyphae from trama. d . Skeletal hyphae from trama. e. Skeletal hyphae from context.

branched, with clamp connections, 1.5- 3 J..lm
wide; skeletal hyphae hyaline, IKJ-, unbranched
to arboriform, thick-walled (up to 2 J..lm thick),2- 6 J..lm wide; context hyphae dimitic : generative
hyphae 2.5-4 J..lm wide; skeletal hyphae up to
7 J..lm wide, otherwise similar to context hyphae.
Cystidia not seen. Basidia ellipsoid to shortcylindrical, 4-sterigmate, 18- 25 X6- IO J..lm. Basidiospores ellipsoid to short cylindrical, hyaline,
IKI-, ornamented with fine warts, 8.5- 11.5 X4.56.5 J..lm , Q (length/width ratio)= 1.6- 1.9.
Attached with a white rot.
Distribution: Known only from the type material.
Remarks: This species is characterized by the
combination of thick basidiocarps, white andlarge (2- 3/mm) pores, skeletal hyphae with nonamyloid and non-dextrinoid reaction, and relatively small basidiospores (8.5- 11.5 J..lm long)
within the genus. Pachykytospora tuberculosa(Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar also has thick basidiocarps,
but distinct from P nepalensis by the dextrinoid

skeletal hyphae, longer basidiospores, and usually darker pore surface (Kotlaba & Pouzar, 1979;
Ryvarden & Gilbertson, 1994). Pachykytospora
subtrametea (Pilat) Kotl. & Pouzar is also similar, but has smaller pores and partly amyloid
skeletal hyphae (Kotlaba & Pouzar, 1979).
Six species of Pachykytospora have been already reported from Asia (Kotlaba & Pouzar,
1979; Natarajan & Kolandavelu, 1993; Nufiez &Ryvarden, 200 I ; Zheng & Bi, 1989). A key to
the Asian species of Pachykytospora is shown
below.

A key to the Asian species of Pachykytospora
I.
I.
2.

Pores 3- 6 per mm .. ........... ....... 2
Pores 1- 3(-4) per mm or larger ......... .4
Basidiospores 12- 17 X 6- 7.5 J..lm, with longitudinal to reticulate ridges, IKJ-; basidiocarps annual, pores round, 4- 5/mm , poresurface light yellow to brownish orange;
skeletal hyphae IKJ- ; known from India ... .

Polypores (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) of Jumla , Nepa l..... .... . . P thindii Natarajan & Koland .
Basidiospores up to 12 .urn long, ornamented
with fine echinuae or warts . . . ... ..... .. 3
3. Basidiocarps perennial; pores angular toround, 3- 5/mm, pore surface white to ochraceous; skeletal hyphae non-dextrinoid, partly
amyloid; basidiospores ornamented with finewarts, weakly dextrinoid, 9- 11.5 X5.5- 6.um;
known from Russia (Siberia) ......... .. . .
. . ... . P subtrametea (Pilat) Kotl. & Pouzar
3. Basidiocarps annual ; pores angular to round,
4- 6/mm, pore surface ochraceous buff;
skeletal hyphae IKI- ; basidiospores echinulate tending to be in longitudinal rows, IKI-,
9.5- 12.5 X4- 5.5 .urn; known from tropicalto warm temperate areas of Asia and N.
America ... ....... ... ............... .
. . . . P alabamae (Berk. & Cooke) Ryvarden
4. Basidiospores 8.5- 11.5 X4.5- 6.5 .urn, ornamented with fine warts, IKI-; pores angular
to round, partly elongated, ( 1- )2- 3/mm, poresurface white to cream; skeletal hyphae IKI-;
known only from the type locality (Nepal).
.. . ... ... .. ........ P nepalensis T. Hatt.
4. Basidiospores 17- 21 X6- 7 .urn, at first verrucose then becoming smooth occasionally,
IKI- ; basidiocarps annual ; pores angular to
hexagonal , 1- 1.5 mm in diam ., pore surface
white to yellowish; skeletal hyphae IKI- ;known only from China (Guangdong Prov.).
. ...... ... P major G. Y. Zheng & Z. S. Bi
4. Basidiospores 13- 18 .urn long, pores 2- 3(-4)/mm . . ... .... . .. ................ 5
5. Basidiocarps annual, thin ; pores angular, 23(-4)/mm, pore surface cream to cinnamon
buff; context less than I mm thick; skeletal
hyphae IKI- to weakly dextrinoid; basidiaspores echinuate tending to be in logitudinalrows, IKI- , 14- 17 X6- 8 .urn; known from
East North America and East Asia .. .. . .. .
. . . . . . . . P papyracea (Schwein.) Ryvarden
5. Basidiocarps annual to perennial , up to I 0mm thick ; pores angular to round, 2- 3/mm ,pore surface cream to brownish; context up
to 5 mm thick ; context hyphae dextrinoid;
basidiospores rough with fine tubercles, IKI-,2.

31

13- 18 X6- 8.5 .urn; known from Europe,
China and N. America . ... .... . .. ... ... .
..... ... P tuberculosa (Fr.) Kotl . & Pouzar
Phellinus ferreus (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. , Bull.
Soc. Mycol. France41: 247 (1925).
Distribution: cosmopolitan species (Gilbertson& Ryvarden, 1987). This is the first report of thisspecies from Nepal.
Specimen examined: Near Chhakalepani,
Jumla, alt. 3,650 m, 14 May 1999 (TNS-F107864).
Phellinus himalayensis Y. C. Dai, Acta Bot.
Fenn . 166:97 (1999).
Di stribution: Known from China (Lijiang,
Yunnan Prov.; Dai, 1999) and Nepal. This is thefirst report of this species from Nepal , and outside of China.
Remarks: According to Dai ( 1999), thisspecies is restricted on Picea likiangensis in thetype locality. The present specimen was on Abies
sp.
Specimen examined: Near Chhakalepani,Juml a, alt. 3,650 m, on Abies sp., 14 May 1999
(TNS-F-4483).
Phellinus subsanfordii T. Hatt. , sp. nov. Fig. 3
Basidiocarpia effusoreftexa, perennia. Pilei velutini , sulcati , brunnei . Caro duplex, crustosa,
brunnea. Tubi stratosi, suberosi. Pori brunnei , 56/mm . Systema hypharum dimiticum. Setae hyphoideae, aculeatae, sparsae, usque ad I 0 .urn
latae. Sporae subglobosae, hyalinae, haud dextrinoideae, 5.5- 6.5 X4.5- 5.5 .urn.
Etymology: Latin, subsanfordii=similar to P
sanfordii (Lioyd) Ryvarden, refers to the macroscopic characters of the basidiocarps with sulcate
pileus surface and duplex context with a thincrust.
Holotype: NEPAL, Jumla, Bhotel Pipal , Chausandra Khola, alt. 2,700- 2,900 m, 11 May 1999
(KATH; isotype in TNS-F-4486) .
Basidiospores effused-reftexed (holotype probably developed underside of the substratum),perennial. Pilei semicircular to irregular, pileus
surface velutinous, subsilky, sulcate, brown ,pileus margin thin and acute, mostly entire. Context duplex with upper tomentum and lower

T. Hattori et al.

32

2 cm

b

000000'I,

20 !J.illc

10 !J.ill

I

e

I

l
h
Fig. 3. Phe/linus subsanfordii T. Hatt., sp. nov. (TNS-F-4486, isotype) a. Upper view of basidiocarp. b. Section
view of basidiocarp. c. Bas idiospores. d. Basidia. e. Setae. f. Generative hyphae from trama. g. Skeletal hyphae from trama. h. Skeletal hyphae from context.

zone: tomentum soft-fibrous, brown, up to 0.5mm thick; lower zone leathery, brown, up to 2/3
mm thick, with a thin and black crust under thetomentum (but partly obscure). Tubes stratified,corky, up to 3 mm deep in each layer. Pore surface brown , slightly shining, pores angular toround, 5- 6/mm, dissepiments entire.
Trama hypha! system dimitic: generative hyphae without clamp-connections, thin-walled,
hyaline to yellow, 1.5- 2.5 J..lm wide; skeletal hyphae unbranched to branched, thick-walled (up to
2 J..lm thick), brown, 2.5-4.5 J..lm wide; non-agglutinated but not easily squashed in KOH solution. Context skeletal hyphae unbranched and almost straight, otherwise context hyphae almost
similar to trama hyphae . Setae sparse, hyphoid,
pointed, arising from trama and project into hymenium, up to I 0 J..lm wide and 100 J..lm long, notseen in context. Basidia clavate, 4-sterigmate,13- 18X5.5- 6.5 J..lm. Basidiospores subglobose,slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 J..lm thick), hyaline to slightly yellowish, occasionally brownish
in old tubes, IKJ-, weakly cyanophilous, 5.56.5 X4.5- 5.5J.1m, Q (length/width ratio)=l.l 1.2.
Attached with a white rot.
Distribution: Known only from the holotype.
Remarks: This species is peculiar with the
combination of thin crust under the tomentum,
pointed hyphoid setae arising from trama, andsubglobose and hyaline basidiospores without
dextrinoid reaction. This is somewhat similar to
the members of subgen. Phellinidium Koti. by
occurrence of hyphoid setae and almost hyaline
basidiospores. However, the members of
Phellinidium have monomitic hypha! system andmore prominent hyphoid setae both in trama andcontext (Dai, 1999). This species is more similar
to the members of subgen. Porodaedalea Y. C.
Dai ( = P pini comp.) by presence of duplex con-

Polypores (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) of Jumla, Nepal

2 cm

33

b

DOOOODDO
c

10 ~m

f
Fig. 4. Tram etes cf. pubescens (Schum. : Fr.) Pilat (TNS-F-1 07868) a. Upper view of basidiocarps. b. Section
view of basi diocarp. c. Basidiospores. d. Basidia. e. Generative hyphae from context. f. Skeletal hyphae fromcontext. g. Binding hyphae from context.

text with a thin crust, long setae ansmg fromtrama, and hyaline to pale colored subglobose
basidiospores. However, P subsanfordii is distinct by the longer and more hyphoid setae seenin the trama and larger basidiospores that areusually less than 5.5 f.i.m long in P pini comp.
(Dai , 1999).
Phellinus tremulae (Bondartsev) Bondartsev &Borissov in Bond., Polyporaceae Eur. USSR
and Caucasia, p. 358 ( 1953).
Distribution : widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere (Gilbertson & Ryvarden, 1987;
Ryvarden & Gilbertson, 1994). This is the firstreport of this species from Nepal.
Specimen examined: Near Chhakalepani,
Jumla, alt. 3,650m, 14 May 1999, Y. Doi (TNSF-107859).
Trametes ochracea (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden ,North American Polypores vol. 2: 752 ( 1987).
Distribution: Boreal and temperate areas of the
N. Hemisphere (Ryvarden & Gilbertson, 1994).
This is the first report of this species from Nepal.
Specimen examined: Bhotel Pipal, Chausandra
Khola, Jumla, alt. 2,700- 2,900 m, 11 May 1999

(TNS-F-1 07783).
Trametes cf. pubescens (Schum : Fr.) Pil<it,
At!. Champ. Europ. 3: 268 (1939) .
Fig. 4
Basidiocarps sessile. Pilei dimidiate to flabelliform, applanate, up to 35 mm long and 20 mm
wide, pileus surface pubescent near the base andmargin, otherwise almost glabrous, subzonate,pale orange to light brown , partly with blackish
stain , margin eroded, inrolled. Context fibrouscorky, whitish, up to 1.5 mm thick, crust lacking.
Tubes whitish near the context, light brown near
the pore surface, up to 3 mm deep. Pore surface
light brown , pores 3- 5/mm, angular, dissepiments thin, eroded.
Trama hyphae trimitic: generative hyphaehyaline, thin-walled, with clamp connections,1.5- 2 f.i.m wide ; skeletal hyphae unbranched,almost straight, hyaline, IKI-, thick-walled toalmost solid, 2-4 f.i.m wide ; binding hyphaeconspicuously branched, up to 4 f.i.m wide. Context hyphae trimitic: generative hyphae 2- 3.5
f.i.m wide; skeletal hyphae 3- 6 f.i.m wide ; otherwise similar to trama hyphae. Basidia clavate, 4sterigmate, 15- 22 X 5- 6 f.i.m . Basidiospores cylin-

34

T. Hattori et al.

2 cm

ODDOOO
c

10 ~m

f

20 ~m

Fig. 5. Tram etes tephro/euca Berk. (TNS-F-1 07759) a. Upper view of basidiocarp. b. Section view of basidi acarp. c. Basidiospores. d. Basidia. e. Generative hyphae from trama. f. Skeletal hyphae from context. g. Binding hyphae from context.

drical, slightly fusiform, hyaline, IKl-, 5.5- 7 X
2- 2.7 )lm, Q (length/width ratio) = 2.5- 3.0.
Remarks: This is similar to T pubescens that iscommon in cool temperate to boreal areas of theNorthern Hemisphere. However, this is distinct
from the typical form by the broader and slightly
fusiform basidiospores, more persistent tomentum, and partly dark colored pileus. For the time
being, we prefer to leave this as T cf. pubescens
because it is difficult to judge if this is a distinct
species or a form of T pubescens only by a single specimen .
Specimen examined: Near Chhakalepani,
Jumla, alt. 3,650 m, 14 May 1999 (TNS-F107868).

Trametes tephroleuca Berk., Hook. Jor. Bot. 6:165 (1854).
Fig. 5Basidiocarps sessile. Pilei dimidiate, applanate, pileus surface fibrous-tomentose, sulcatewith thick tomentose zones, grayish white to paleyellowish gray, margin thin and acute, entire.
Context duplex with upper tomentum and lower
corky zone; upper tomentum fibrous, pale grayish yellow, up to 2 mm thick; lower context corky,yellowish white, up to 3 mm thick, with a thin
and white crust below the tomentum. Tubes
corky, yellowish white. Pore surface grayish orange, pores angular, 1- 2/mm, dissepiments thin ,entire.
Trama hyphae trimitic: generative hyphae hya-

Polypores (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) of Jumla, Nepal

35

I

~

~b 2cmI

DODDDDOD

)

Q

I

c

j

10 1-1mgef

20 1-1m

Fig . 6. Trichaptum montanum T. Hatt., sp. nov. (TNS-F-107775 , isotype) a. Upper view ofbasidiocarps . b. Section view of basidiocarp. c. Bas idiospores. d. Basidi a. e. Cystida. f. Generative hyphae from trama. g. Skeletal hyphae from context.

line, thin-walled, with clamp connections, 1.52.5 pm wide ; skeletal hyphae unbranched, almost
straight, hyaline, IKJ-, thick-walled (up to 2 pm
thick), 2-4.5 pm wide; binding hyphae up to 3
pm wide. Context hyphae similar, generative hyphae sparse. Cystidia not seen. Basidia clavate,
4-sterigmate, 18- 25 X4.5- 5.5 pm. Basidiospores
cylindrical, hyaline, IKJ- , 7- 8.5 X2.5- 3 pm , Q(length/width ratio )=2.6- 3.2.
Attached with a white rot.
Distribution: Nepal, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,and Uzbekistan (Bondartsev, 1953).
Remarks : As described by Berkeley ( 1854b ),this species is similar to T hirsuta (Wulf. : Fr.)
Pillit, but has larger and grayish pores. Besides,
upper tomentum is soft and not hirsute as in thelatter species.
Specimen examined: Ditachaur, Tyanki Khoncha, Jumla, alt. 2,650 m, 9 May 1999 (TNS-F-

I 07759).
Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Lloyd, Mycol.
Writ. 6: 1045 (1921) .
Distribution: cosmopolitan (Gilbertson & Ryvarden, 1987).
Specimens examined: Ditachaur, Tyanki Khoncha, Jumla, alt. 2,650 m, 9 May 1999 (TNS-F107763); Bhotel Pi pal, Chausandra Khola, Jumla,
alt. 2,700- 2,900 m, 11 May 1999 (TNS-F-4484).
Trametes villosa (Fr.) Kreisel, Ciencias Bioi.
Ser. 4, no 16: 84 (1971).
Distribution: Temperate areas of Asia andNorth America (Gilbertson & Ryvarden, 1987).
This is the first report of this species from Nepal.
Specimen examined: Deepal Goan, Jumla, alt.
2,650 m, I 0 May 1999 (TNS-F-4485).
Trichaptum montanum T. Hatt., sp. nov. Fig. 6
Basidiocarpia sessi lia vel effusoreflexa. Pilei
velutini , sulcati, albi vel lutei-cineracei. Caro du-36

T. Hattori et al.

plex, haud crustosa. Tubi brunneoli. Pori brunneoli , angulares vel elongati, 3-4/mm. Systema
hypharum dimiticum ; hyphae generativae fibulatae; hyphae skeletales haud dextrinoideae. Cystidia abunda, ventricosa vel clavata, incrassata,
apicibus incrustatis. Sporae cylindricae, hyalinae,
haud dextrinoideae, 5.2- 6.5 X 1.5- 2.0 J..Lm.
Etymology: Latin, montanus=mountainous,
refers to the characteristics collected in a mountainous area.
Holotype: NEPAL, Jumla, Deepal Goan, alt.
2,650 m, 10 May 1999 (KATH; isotype in TNSF-107775).
Basidiocarps sessile to effused-reftexed. Pilei
dimidiate to ftabelliform or elongated, applanate,pileus surface velutinous to fibrous-tomentose,rough in old specimens, sulcate, white to yellowish gray, pileus margin thin and acute, inrolled
when dried. Context duplex : upper layer loose, fibrous-spongy, white, up to 1 mm thick; lower
layer as a thin line, light brown , up to 0.3 mm
thick. Tubes leathery, light brown, up to 2 mm
deep. Pore surface light brown, pores 3-4/mm,
angular, partly elongated but not irpicoid, dissepiments entire to eroded.
Trama hypha! system dimitic: generative hyphae hyaline, IKI-, with clamp-connections;skeletal hyphae hyaline, IKI-, almost straight,
thick-walled to almost solid, 2.5-4 J..Lm wide.
Context hyphae dimitic: generative hyphae
sparse; skeletal hyphae sinuous; otherwise similar to trama hyphae. Cystidia abundant, some hymenial , others arising from trama, ventricose toclavate, hyaline, thick-walled (up to 2 J..Lm thick),apically encrusted with rough crystals, 20-45 X
4- 7 J..Lm. Basidia clavate, 4-sterigmate, 8.5- 13.5 X
4.5- 6 J..Lm. Basidiospores cylindrical, slightly bent,
hyaline, IKI-, 5.2- 6.5 X 1.5- 2.0 J..Lm, Q (length/
width ratio)=3.3-4.0.
Attached with a white pocket rot.
Distribution: known only from Nepal.
Remarks: This species is characterized by thetubular hymenophore with mostly regular pores,
soft-fibrous tomentum (upper layer of the context) within the genus Trichaptum Murrill.
Trichaptum subchartaceum (Murrill) Ryvarden

known from boreal areas of N. America also has
tubular hymenophore with mostly regular poresand pale colored context. However, this species isdistinct from T montanum by the thicker context(up to I cm thick) and longer basidiospores (7 .511 J..Lm long) according to Gilbertson & Ryvarden(1987).
Specimens examined : Deepal Goan, Jumla,
alt. 2,650 m, 10 May 1999 (Holotype in Nat.
Herb. Godawary, Nepal ; isotype in TNS-F107775; the same data, TNS-F-107773); Bhotel
Pipal, Chausandra Khola, Jumla, alt. 2,7002,900m, 11 May 1999 (TNS-F-107791).
Tyromyces aff. gratus (Berk.) Ryvarden , Nor. J.
Bot. 24: 221 (1977).
Fig. 7
Basidiocarps sessile. Pilei dimidiate, narrowlyattached, applanate to conchate; pileus surface
rough with radial ridges and projections, subzonate, whitish, partly grayish, pileus margin thin
and acute, almost entire. Context corky-chalkywhen dried, white, up to 2 mm thick . Tubes
chalky, white, up to 3 mm deep. Pore surface
white, pores angular, 5- 6/mrn, dissepiments thinand entire. Taste mild.
Trama hypha! system monomitic: generative
hyphae mostly unbranched, thin-walled, hyaline,
IKI-, with clamp-connections, dissolved in KOH
solution. Context hyphae subdimitic: generative
hyphae thin- to thick-walled, some hyphae conspicuously branched; some hyphae thick-walledwith few septa and may be taken for skeletal hyphae. Cystidia not seen. Basidia not seen. Basidiospores allantoid, slightly bent, hyaline, IKI-,
4.0- 5.2 X 1.0- 1.3 J..Lm , Q (length/width ratio) =4.0-4.5.
Type of rot unknown .
Remarks: Tyromyces gratus is a little known
species hitherto known only from Nepal. The
present specimen is mostly similar to the description of the holotype of T gratus in Ryvarden( 1977) which is the only one made by a modern
mycologist. Later, Hjortstam and Ryvarden(1984) reported this species from Gandaki Prov.,a central area of Nepal.
Specimen examined: Bhotel Pipal , Chausandra
Khola, Jumla, alt. 2,700- 2,900 m, 11 May 1999

Polypores (Basidiomycotina, Aphy llophorales) of Jumla ,

epa l

37

2 cm

~
b

DDDDDDDD
c

d

20 ~m

10 ~m

Fig. 7. Ty romyces aff. gratus (Berk.) Ryvarden (TNS-F-1 08898) a. Upper view of basidiocarp. b. Section view
ofbasidiocarp. c. Basidiospores. d. Generative hyphae from trama. e. Generative hyphae from context.

(TNS-F-1 07798).

Discussion
Twenty-four species of polypores are reported
from temperate to subalpine sites of a middlewest area of Nepal in the present paper. In temperate belt (between alt. 2,000 and 3,000 m) of
Nepal, Pinus wallichiana, Cedrus deodara, Cupressus torulosa, Abies pindrow, and Picea
smithiana are important tree species (Adhikari,2000). In subalpine belt (between alt. 3,000 and
4,000 m), Abies spectabilis and Tsuga dumosa
are important (Adhikari , 2000).
Collected spec ies can be divided into the following 5 groups according to the distribution pattern: cosmopolitan or widespread in the Northern
Hemisphere; the Northern Hemisphere boreal;
Asia-North American temperate; East Asian; andendemic in Himalayan areas and mountainous
areas of Asia.
Cosmopolitan or widespread species in the
Northern Hemisphere: Bjerkandera adusta; Coltricia cinnamomea; Ganoderma applanatum ; In-onotus triqueter; Phellinus ferreus; Tram etes
ochracea; T versicolor. Many of these species
are widely distributed from boreal to subtropicalareas, but occurrence of I. triqueter and T
ochracea in the East Asia seems to be restrictedin boreal areas.
The boreal species: Fomitopsis aff. cajanderi;Gloeophyllum protractum; G. sepiarium; lnonotus obliquus; Ischnoderma benzoinum; Phellinus
tremulae. Occurrence of I. obliquus and P tremulae are mostly restricted to Betula spp. and Popurus spp., respectively. Other species are usually
on boreal conifers.
Asia-North American species: T villosa . In the
East Asia, this species is common in warm temperate and subtropical areas, and probably asouthern element.
East Asian species: Heterobasidion insulare.
This species is widely distributed from boreal tosubtropical areas of the East Asia, and common
on Abies spp., Picea spp., Pinus spp. etc.
Endemic to the Himalayan areas andmountainous areas of Asia: Pachykytospora
nepalensis; Phellinus himalayensis; P subsan-

T. Hattori et al.

38

fordii; Tram etes tephroleuca; Trichaptum montanum . Distribution patterns of many Asian polypores are unclear, but these species are hitherto
known only from Himalayan areas and mountainous areas of the East and Central Asia. Possibly
they are boreal to cool temperate species and restricted in mountainous areas.
Pachykytospora Kotl. & Pouzar is a small
genus hitherto with only 8 constituents including
the newly described species, here. Pachykytospora nanospora A. David & Rajch . described fromtropical Africa is the only species unknown from
Asia. On the other hand, 4 species out of 8 are
known only from the Asian Continent. This suggests that the center of distribution of the genus
Pachykytospora exists in Asia, and this genus
may originate in this area.
In this report, several species are listed without
final determination. Except for F aff. cajanderi
and T. aff. gratus, these species possibly represent distinct species though we hesitate to describe them here because of the limited information . The number of specimens examined here isless than 40, but some undescribed species areincluded among them . This suggests that polypore micobiota in the Himalayan areas is far
from completed, and a number of undescribed
species are expected from thi s area.
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our thanks to Mr. M.
S. Bista, Director General , Dept. of Plant Resources, Ministry of Forests & Soil Conservation(HMG) for cooperation during the expedition.
This research was financially supported by Project for Collection Building and Natural History
Studies in Asia and the Pacific Rim , organized by
the National Science Museum , Tokyo, for which
we are grateful.

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