XPYZ[Z Imperata cylindrica %»¼ ½+ῌ ῏῍ῐ῎ !"#$ %&'(")* +,-")./0123#. 456789
:(); < #)*6789*:(!")=>?@<ABCDEF!  !""))GHG"IJ!.-# KL

M

NOPQR ,3 S +33.  T UVW (5*%"-"))G

XPYZ[Z@ U\]( %* ^(5)#_`a bc )!.de@ U XPYZ[Zfg%# Imperata
cylindrica hij %^2kUle(a mn\](a)

oa pq0rstu(5 %vwxyz5)# %*{"W |}~vw*")  ^*((  -")>

W |  (avwxo45)#

World Resources Institute ,**+ * % 1U! *p PQZZU! Hb .*ῌ U pvw -.ῌ p#(5)# (.( vwxo#XR*|}<  p">u #¡¢£! ¤¥%vwx*zo¦o#-() §¨U©ªz«#* {"#%@ U¬## ­®¯Q[*") °°*±Z²O³ I. cylindrica %´µU\] #"¶* Kiyono & Hastaniah +331 U(aW ·(!*%¸U¹)aºFa)

Yoshiyuki Kiyono : Imperata cylindrica Grasslands in Kalimantan
 :  2   No. /, ῍,**+῎,ῌ I. cylindrica ῑ῏῍ῐΐ῎ῒ
I. cylindrica       !" 
+32*

/% &' +#$ Eussen% var. major ()$*+, '-'  %./ 012++34-5 6 789:+$ Santiago +31. ; Cheng & Chou +331 ;<5<(>89 *.-8? +,*** m @ABC, 40=#$ A 5 6

DE+FGHI5JK1L43$ B 5 6 MM NOL043$ P /Q713RS TUVW.X1
E B 5 6 Y(Z1+*R([3( A 5 6 \]M^E1_A(`a9: bc:R([3 A 5 6 def(179g 1-1R[-h891+)i,;<5<jkl+ mnMo p

1_qCrC1o0(>89$ p s. A 5 6 I. cylindrica p)$ tu1(8 4+v+ wp wx!V1+ I. cylindrica "ay: Scleria purpurascens 1_(#z#$ ;<5<{(|-9D }~ $*': +30* "%-8bc &Dc(-yD + Q '(43E (8y:)& *Mp ayD,1p': +fE,'(p D *+,-'g'g#$

D':,Qi,- - Hopkins +30/o0* 9':.\/'Do0
0 ': Y|1'\!9E,#* ¡¢<£>89$,1¤\¥¦%x!(2ῌ3§41Dc ¦5¨©'1+p¡¢<£(/#$ *ªy:+$ '-' ;<5<Y ¤\¥¦% pyrophyte (¨©' Kiyono & Hastaniah +330 +
fE,':.56o7 `a91+  «G 0:. +¬9
8'D569­q9:'C,
:;<5<®¡;<¯*¢I<°±{+I. cylindrica p(OqCrC1²I -9:¨©':+$ / ;-³´<*i(+ ,+ µGp=>P <5¶·'D'3"¸¹º?-8VD²» dM ¼½?-8VD¼    No. /, ῍,**+῎3

0  1234#$#56789:#;<= >* ?@AB +31* CD
EFG HI EJ-KLMNOPKQR ST56UCQKQ VWXYZ[\]K^_`ab cdNXYefghijEkhG`lmnQ6TNM - opqrmsEj(tuTNvR +2 opjwxyTNM wxz{fgj|}`~ +. op j +* op > fgj|E9M  +32,/+32- C| `~EF5 j|9ecGqETE +32* CD(hN)Nh* 234#$#
3  `K(c*`  + E9 AB(  3 bakok  +32* C(  .,  +321 Cl ,* G>E +323 C( ,.1 (9 c*
af +321 Cq( +* op>j +33+ Cq(NwxyT + **  3 bakok  3    ,* !"#$%&'()*4+ , - . No. /, ῌ,**+῍   !"#$ - %&'()*&+,-./!01'(2 3 +2 45$ .
45-678& +, 45- 978& :;< <*<*&2'(-'= >!?@-A2B
B&'(*C*-)D + 45-E-!F*C 2-G FHIJ2K'>

-L=2M >NOP-)K>N!QR'%E!SD 2TU'$ *C#!E-VK W2 XYZ1[\!]^&FHZ>WD FHA&__`a' I. cylindrica 2WD >@FH
2!X? >!b1&?('<&WD*cde2)D +2 45$ + 45- 9Ff!gK W$& I. cylindrica 2XYCh& I. cylindrica i'7-)D 9FfgK 2!=D <)D&)(#;j< kl'= mn&op1;ZDqK-'( r ! st\u!v&wxZM(2 yz{*|jrp-)(, } -1&~ ,/ 45 12WDT- + ,*   +*.+ /./ -)(-ῌ

I. cylindrica ῔ῐ῎ῑ῕ΐ῍ῒ῏

I. cylindrica &*GjG 2+D@ -1;D, < pyrophyte  /} 8&<j$1-)D ῌ?2L L&< =O2)K

&(Z< 2+ +**῍ 2WD 8+;~!  l- )DkG=(<-;' T &kG'_K-'= &!<;Dh&Z  O"2 WD ¡¢&l£¤¥#!¦(R#-'2

2§T;_-GD& "2 WD2'K)D ¨©ª«¬ I. cylindrica  + ­l-)D*® +* m /** m ¯°±²³!& , ´# /,* m µ¶&#Z·¸WD,!1¹*C ~ + ha º& +*1 ,21; ·¸ῌO ,, &O2 . T; -   +  &»"-)(  2·¸WDµ¶]¤$¥!¼YZ½K    No. /, ῎,**+῏2§T;_C5 !" #$ Danhof+3.*  %&'( Schima bancana )(*+,-./0123)456 7)8"9:;<:!"(=+331+332 B)CF FJ) ; D ) I. cylindrica )EFG

>HI6J Kiyono & Hastaniah +332

A. mangium.ῌ>?  @ 9:;A9

Macaranga tanarius K Acacia mangium LM5NJOP 5I)QR I. cylindrica ῒ῎῍ΐῐῑ῏STU1VWVX)

2 YZ [\]D^)_V`UVa( + Bb ]c;)def10)gh;ij5I I. cylindrica)kFl

NPP 9m(noJ Jp qr stu(vw )ijx^ ijy)z{;|x^(}~J def10)9)

(, Mt) I. cylindrica
 NPP>9Z8N +0.1 ,3.* t/hay )I  ,,./..2 t/hay  Mt)TU1VWV Mencimai )),/.2 t/hay K 1e Pasoh ),) ,0.3t/hay Kira +312 ;ῌ9 I. cylindrica) NPP ;)-6JWe Klong

Hoi Khong )_dV) Eulalia trispicata) NPP/.2* t/hay¡ ' Nairobi ) _ d V  Themeda triandra) NPP..+1 t / ha  y

ORNL DAAC ,**+  TU1VWV) I. cylindrica) NPP59¢G £¤I +33. ¥¦JeV§¨©)*+OF)ª«¦ NPP t)¬ s©8N 2.+ -*.2 t/hay )I  ,0.0 ,./2 t/hay   ­®)1e),;TU1VWV) ¯8° I. cylindrica

±6A:)s©) NPP)ª«([\²I. cylindrica)def10 s­  -.** t/ha st  ../. t/ha  :)³+, Y]) ¢ ´ µ)¶·s­ ¸¹6º»A ) µ5IC¼NJ)def10 A"½G ±6A NPP ~ 59¢½9 NPP H NJG)i66

    No. /, ῌ,**+῍ , Imperata cylindrica 
 2   t/ha῔y

$%&'()*+,*-.,/0+ 12/34 ..+* t/ha $125,6789:;4<='(+ 1>?34 +2... t/ha $@(4 + ABC"
I. cylindrica DE" @(A1>?$FGHIJ-4:;4<='(* KL4,MNO)@(PQRS" 1T4UVW(+.,$X *89/0+ @(PYZ89 /#+* [\MAOA]4" >89^)1T$^_ *\M4`aR + @(P24b' ,/ cm \MKc$0*)dS" .ῌcYZ,4efghijiklC)*+,mn(+ ocAOA@(/Ap8S@(JSqR" `rst/*+$" YZu 1#,* [vwx4J+,yzῐYZuoc4\{|}ῒC)~_+ YZ89 + 3u41>

 , >z'@($+ @(`rI$M(B:;4<='()*+8`89* YZ4 (p@(,1> + @(A1>?$RK

L4῎N+.," ($YZ4JO)4n(+.,$ I. cylindrica I῍(/0+/ῌ

I. cylindrica ῔ΐῑῒ῕ῐ῎῍῏f, f*:1 +32,ῌ+32- 3YZ" $~_" !4/+ῑ$X R O))*+ +33* 34O)89"

¡+¢$£OA4^9( * AN4^8+" ¤¥¦CA§T¨©ªῑ«9*¬J4°*Aΐ/"/0+ ­®¡+0+¯¡+4±ªῑYZ²4³ῌCA©ªῑ$´µ῏*-/0+ ±ªῑ¶·¸²ῑ¹ º»+¼c$88+ ¹ ½º

ῑ ! No. /, ῌ,**+῍7

 ! "#$%&' ()*+ ,-./+" 0  123/& 45&67 85 9:&;; I. cylindrica
5< " =>?(,-./+@A/ EF"-GH

0 BC0 *; 2D3

2D3 DI5<-JK F @A 5<-L

"M*+N 85O-#P3Q RSTU&V$ 5<WXY
Z[&\/
F Z[]"^_PW`XY/+ a& E b cdeῌfgh
ife jk=% "lPmn^FW-oX+ pqrUῌshtruv^  w  x  +,/** m "  y z p { | ,-./+"nI. cylindrica 5<"n0 }&37 85 I. cylindrica 5<

&~3" 5<&D fghife =% yzp{|& w&6/  2D -3&2%&D 85&//'"^W :jXY*/ ,#PW-9:&;; 85 ?"^N 85-WDI5<&D %Z[ x/%W3& XY*PW ^EF W1DFW3EPa I. cylindrica &#1D"
^FWn 5< Z[*Y/"^_P fghife =%
5<&6/& I. cylindrica

n I;N"3/ yzp{|;3/ ¡¢£¤¥3Q¦ {§¨5<n^ ©=% "n¤p{|& w" -./+ &5<-./+@AN¤p{| 0 &67  & /%"^ 5<yzp{|-ª WXYZ[&x/3« fghife =%  3,*** !¬  (&^ yzp{| "#S­r®T¯bW°©2DY«N ±$n^& 0 &67 ²%%&³´µ$yzp{| "#&=%.'W ¶V-n+2*+W1DY/ yzp{| ;2yzp{| 5< ·(¸-¹*+"^_P ED&º) 5< '*3X+ "3;_P; E b

¶V>» V&5< ¼-½ +"^_P῎῍῏ῌ + Danhof, G. N. (+3.*) Bijdrage tot oplossing van het alang-alangvraagstuk in de Lampongsche Districten. Tectona -- : +31῍,,/. , Eussen, J. H. H.
+32* Biological and ecological aspects of alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica).
BIOTROP Special Publication / : +/῍,,. - Hopkins, B. +30/ Forest and savanna, Heinemann   ῌ
 -* 8  No. /, ῍,**+῎

. Kira, T. +312 Primary productivity of Pasoh Forest - a synthesis. Malay Nat.
J. -* : ,3+ῌ,31. / Kiyono, Y. & Hastaniah +330 Forest conversion and the roleof slash-and-burn agriculture in lowland Kalimantan. Borneo Research Bulletin ,1 :1*ῌ10. 0 Kiyono, Y. & Hastaniah +331 Slash-and-burn agriculture and succeeding vegetation in East Kalimantan. PUSREHUT Special Publication 0. PUSREHUT.
+11 pp. 1 Kiyono, Y. & Hastaniah +333 A process of forest degradation underslash-and-burn agriculture in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. PUSREHUT Special
Publication 2 : /3/ῌ/32. Mulawarman Univ. & JICA. 2 ORNL DAAC ,**+
www-eosdis.ornl.gov/NPP/npp῍home.html 3 Santiago, A. +31. Morphological and experimental studies on Imperata species. Thesis. Univ. Singapore. ,*3 pp.
+*    +33.  !
"#$%&'()*+,-./0 123ῌ 4ῌ567849:;<=>?
@A / BC<=>?DEF : +2ῌ// GHIJ:;KL2 . ,* World Resources
Institute ,**+ http : //www.wri.org/wr,***/grasslands῍carbon.html

ῌῑ῎῍ῐ῏
PQ No /+ R ,**+ #STUVTWXYZ [\]^_#`abYXWcd
efghijk#$% lmnokpqY1rstuv?#wbxywz{| e +, }~kp -/ ZUXx

bWXYZ xbd-* B"m +- B"m# ]U +4
~c%jk ¥T ¦§¨Ue¡kp# WY¢e¡kp£¤#©bkpª«#¥Yd

M N O ? No. /, ῎,**+῏9