Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 37(1), pp. 31–45, February 22, 2011

Taxonomic Studies of Cirsium (Asteraceae) in Japan XXII.
Four New Species from Honshu, Central Japan
Yuichi Kadota
Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science,
Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, 305–0005 Japan
E-mail: kadota@kahaku.go.jp(Received 25 November 2010; accepted 22 December 2010)

Abstract Four new species (Cirsium funagataense, C. hasunumae, C. kasaianum and C. nasuense) of subsect. Reflexae (the Cirsium kagamontanum group) are described from Honshu,
Japan, within sect. Onotrophe of the genus Cirsium. Cirsium funagataense Kadota described fromthe northern part of Miyagi Pref. is characterized by having pinkish white flowers, soft, shallowly
pinnatilobate or coarsely serrate cauline leaves and striate, light purplish gray achenes. Cirsium hasunumae Kadota described Fukushima Pref. is characterized by 11–12-seriate, adpressed or ascending involucral phyllaries, obovate glandular bodies and thinner cauline leaves. Cirsium kasaianum Kadota described from the southern part of Miyagi Pref. is distinguished from C. yuzawae
Kadota by soft, subentire to serrate cauline leaves with short, weak spines and shorter florets. Cirsium nasuense Kadota described from Tochigi Pref. is characterized by gynodioecy, 8–9-seriate,
long, patent to recurved involucral phyllaries, the absence of glandular bodies and smaller achenes.
Kew words : Cirsium funagataense, Cirsium hasunumae, Cirsium kasaianum, Cirsium nasuense,
Japan, new species.

This is part of a revisional work on JapaneseCirsium (Asteraceae) (Kadota, 1989–2009;
Kadota and Nagase, 1988). In this paper four
new species of subsect. Reflexae (Kitam.) Kadotaof sect. Onotrophe (Cass.) DC. (the Cirsium kagamontanum group) will be described.
Taxonomic treatment
Genus Cirsium Mill., Gard. Dict. Abringd. ed.
4, 1 (1754), emend. Scop., Fl. Carn. 355 (1760).
Sect. Onotrophe (Cass.) DC., Prodr. 6: 644(1837).
Subsect. Reflexae (Kitam.) Kadota, Fl. Jap.
IIIa: 148 (1995).
Ser. Reflexae Kitam. in Acta Phytotax. Geobot.
3: 5 (1934), p. p.
Ser. Imbricatae Kitam. in Acta Phytotax.
Geobot. 3: 5 (1934), p. p.

1.

Cirsium funagataense Kadota, sp. nov.
[Figs. 1, 2]
Differt ab Cirsio yuzawae, phyllariis involucrorum 8–9-seriatis, flores subroseoalbis, foliis
caulinis inferiis et mediis mollibus non profunde
pinnatilobatis vel grosse serratis, acheniis striatis
laete purpureocineraceis.
TYPE: JAPAN. HONSHU: Miyagi Pref.,Kurokawa-gun, Taiwa-cho, Yoshida, Mt. Kitaidzumi-ga-take, under Fagus crenata woods[38°2543.6N 140°4220.6E], alt. 804 m, 13
September 2009, Y. Kadota 093551 (TNS741026–holotype; Fig. 1).
A hermaphrodite, perennial, herbaceous plant,
0.7–2.5 m tall or taller. Rootstock stout, horizontal, up to 6 cm in diameter, with cord-like roots.
Stem declining to suberect, simple to wellbranched from the lower part when aged, leafy,
sparingly arachnoid and covered with shortbrownish hairs chiefly in the upper part. Basal

32

Yuichi Kadota

Fig. 1. Type of Cirsium funagataense Kadota (JAPAN: HONSHU. Miyagi Pref., Kurokawa-gun, Taiwa-cho,
Yoshida, Mt. Kita-Idzumiga-take, alt. 804 m, 13 Sept. 2009, Y. Kadota 093551 (TNS 741026, holotype).

Fig. 2. Habit of Cirsium funagataense Kadota (JAPAN: HONSHU. Miyagi Pref., Kurokawa-gun, Taiwa-cho, Yoshida, Mt. Kita-Idzumiga-take, alt.
804 m, 13 Sept. 2009). Right corner inset shows nodding capitulum.

Four New Cirsium Species from Honshu
33

34

Yuichi Kadota

leaves withering at anthesis. Middle cauline
leaves slightly yellowish green on the adaxialside, glaucous on the abaxial side, herbaceous,smooth and soft, not amplexicaul to semi-amplexicaul, not auriculate, shortly petioled; blades
ovate to broadly ovate to elliptic, or obovate inoutline, 24–42 cm long, 9–25 cm broad, almost
glabrous on both sides, medially to shallowly
pinnatilobate or coarsely serrate, 4–8-jugate;
lobes triangular-ovate to narrowly ovate, 2.5–10
cm long, 1.5–3.5 cm broad, spreading, withspines 2–6 mm long; petioles, if present, 2–4 cm
long. Middle and upper cauline leaves shallowly
pinnatilobate to coarsely serrate, subsessile or
short-petioled. Flowers in September. Capitula
1–2 in a loose raceme, nodding, with peduncles
2–8.5 cm long; subtending leaves ca. 5, lanceolate, 5–10 mm long, with weak spines ca. 0.5 mm
long. Involucres cylindrical, 17–18 mm long,
8–10 mm (in vivo) and 2–3 cm (in sicco) in diameter, not arachnoid. Phyllaries 8–9-seriate, longpatent to recurved; glandular bodies absent,
eglutinous; innermost phyllaries narrowly obovato-lanceolate, 17–18 mm long; outer phyllaries
ovate, 6–10 mm long, clearly shorter than the
inner ones, herbaceous, caudate at apex, terminated with sharp spines 2–5 mm long. Corollae
pinkish white, 16–17 mm long; lobes 4 mm long;
throats 6 mm long; tubes 6–7 mm long, slightly
longer than or as long as the throats. Achenes
pale purplish gray, 4 mm long, ribbed, striate;pappus pale reddish brown, 12–14 mm long.
Chromosome number: 2n2x34 (present
paper).
Japanese name: Rikuzen-azami (nom. nov.)
Distribution: Honshu (from Mt. Funagatayama to Mt. Idzumi-ga-take, Miyagi Pref.; Fig.
9, square). Endemic to Japan.
Additional specimens examined: JAPAN.
HONSHU: Miyagi Pref., Kami-gun, Kamimachi, Mt. Funagata-yama, along a forestry road,under Fagus crenata woods [38°3002.0N
140°4126.8E], alt. 468 m, 13 Sept. 2009, Y.
Kadota 093562–093576 (TNS 741043–741067).
Kurokawa-gun, Taiwa-cho, Yoshida, Mt. Kitaidzumi-ga-take, under Fagus crenata woods[38°2543.6N 140°4220.6E], alt. 804 m, 13
Sept. 2009, Y. Kadota 093552–093560 (TNS
741001–741020). Sendai-shi, Idzumi-ku, Fukuoka, Mt. Idzumi-ga-take, under Quercus crispula and Enkianthus campanulatus woods[38°2425.2N 140°4244.0E], alt. 933 m, 13
Sept. 2009, Y. Kadota 093515–093516 (TNS741036–741042).
Cirsium funagataense Kadota is discriminatedfrom C. yuzawae by having pinkish white flowers, soft, shallowly pinnatilobate or coarsely serrate cauline leaves and striate, light purplish grayachenes.
Cirsium funagataense grows in and along theFagus crenata woods and sometimes along the
Quercus crispula — Enkianthus campanulatus
woods.
2.

Cirsium hasunumae Kadota, sp. nov.
[Figs. 3, 4]
Differt ab Cirsio hanamakienso, phyllariis
involucrorum 11–12-seriatis adpressis vel leviterascendentibus, vitiis obovatis, foliis caulinis
tenuibus.
TYPE: JAPAN. HONSHU: Fukushima Pref.,Iwase-gun, Ten’ei-mura, Yumoto, along the
upstream of River Futamata-gawa [37°1406N
139°5838E], alt. 910 m, 8 September 2010, Y.
Kadota 104105 (TNS 1112588–holotype; Fig. 3).
A hermaphrodite, perennial, herbaceous plant,
1–2.5 m tall or taller. Rootstock stout, horizontal,
up to 5 cm in diameter, with cord-like roots. Stemdeclining, well branched in the upper part, leafy,
sparingly arachnoid and covered with shortbrownish hairs chiefly in the upper part. Basal
leaves withering at anthesis. Lower cauline leaves
deep green on the adaxial side, glaucous on theabaxial side, membranous, smooth and notscabrous, semi-amplexicaul, not auriculate,shortly petioled or subsessile; blades ovate tobroadly ovate in outline, 27–45 cm, 15–25 cm
broad, almost glabrous on both sides, deeply tomedially pinnatilobate, 4–8-jugate; lobes narrowly ovate, 3–12 cm long, 1.5–3 cm broad, spreading, with spines 2–5 mm long; petioles, if present, 1–2 cm long. Middle and upper cauline

Four New Cirsium Species from Honshu

Fig. 3. Type of Cirsium hasunumae Kadota (JAPAN: HONSHU. Fukushima Pref., Iwase-gun, Ten’ei-mura,
Yumoto, along the upstream of River Futamata-gawa [37°1406N 139°5838E], alt. 910 m, 9 Sept. 2010, Y.
Kadota 104105 (TNS 1112588, holotype).

35

Fig. 4. Habit of Cirsium hasunumae Kadota (JAPAN: HONSHU. Fukushima Pref., Iwase-gun, Ten’ei-mura, along upstream of the River Futamatagawa, alt. 910 m, 9 Sept. 2010). Right corner inset shows nodding capitulum.

36
Yuichi Kadota

Four New Cirsium Species from Honshu

leaves shallowly pinnatilobate, subsessile or
short-petioled. Flowers in August to October. Capitula 3–4 in a loose raceme, nodding, with slender peduncles 2–7 cm long; subtending leaves
3–5, lanceolate, 2–5 mm long, with weak spines
ca. 0.5 mm long. Involucres narrowly cylindrical,
17–18 mm long, 6–8 mm (in vivo) and 2–2.5 cm(in sicco) in diameter, not arachnoid. Phyllaries
11–12-seriate, adpressed to ascending at an acuteangle; glandular bodies obovate on inner andmiddle phyllaries, strongly glutinous, or sometimes degenerated and vestigial, or rarely absent,
eglutinous; innermost phyllaries narrowly obovato-lanceolate, 18 mm long; middle phyllaries undulate and arachnoid with brownish hairs along
the margin; outer phyllaries ovate, ca. 3 mm long,clearly shorter than the inner ones, herbaceous,terminated with weak spines 0.2–1.0 mm long.
Corollae pale pink, 16–17 mm long; lobes 3–4
mm long; throats 6 mm long; tubes 6–7 mm long,slightly longer than the throats. Achenes lightbrownish gray, 3.5–4 mm long, obscurely ribbed;
pappus sordid, 11–15 mm long.
Chromosome number: 2n2x34 (present
paper).
Japanese name: Futamata-azami (nom. nov.)
Distribution: Honshu (Fukushima Pref.; Fig. 9,disc). Endemic to Japan.
Etymology: The specific epithet “hasunumae”
is dedicated to Mr. Kenji Hasunuma, AidzuWakamatsu, Fukushima Pref., who devoted himself to survey this new thistle in Fukushima Pref.
and its adjacent areas, northern Honshu.
Additional specimens examined: JAPAN.
HONSHU: Fukushima Pref., Fukushima-shi,
Machiniwasaka, Takayu-onsen Hot Spa, alt.
750 m, 18 Sept. 2010, K. Hasunuma 30538 (TNS1112010–1112011); Fukushima-shi, Mt. Issaikyô-yama, alt. 1200 m, 18 Sept. 2010, K. Hasunuma 30530 (TNS 1112006–1112009); Fukushima-shi, Mt. Minowa-yama, alt. 1160 m, 9
Sept. 2000, K. Hasunuma 21724 (TNS). Yamagun, Inawashiro-machi, the Adzuma Range,
Yachidaira, alt. 1500 m, 4 Sept. 2004, K. Hasunuma 27501 (TNS); Inawashiro-machi, Mt.
Kawageta-yama, alt. 900 m, 2 Sept. 2000, K.

37

Hasunuma 21732 (TNS). Adachi-gun, Ôtamamura, Mt. Mae-ga-take, alt. 900 m, 18 Sept.
2010, K. Hasunuma 21726 (TNS). Sukagawa-shi,
Mt. Kasagamori-yama, alt. 660 m, 14 Oct. 1998,
K. Hasunuma 20113 (TNS). Iwase-gun, Ten’eimura, Hôsaka-tôge Pass, alt. 760 m, 14 Oct.
1998, K. Hasunuma 20111 (TNS); Ten’ei-mura,
Mt. Karasawa-yama, alt. 700 m, 3 Sept. 2003, K.
Hasunuma 29417 (TNS); Ten’ei-mura, Futamatagawa, alt. 885 m, 30 Aug. 1999, Y. Kadota
996008–996013 (TNS 692168–692186); Ten’eimura, Futamata-gawa forest road, alt. 890 m, 1
Oct. 2004, Y. Kadota 044163–044177 (TNS
744393–744397, 744441–744447, 744481–
744491); Ten’ei-mura, Yumoto, along the upstream of River Futamata-gawa [37°1406N
139°5838E], alt. 910 m, 9 Sept. 2010, Y.
Kadota 104101–104104, 104106–104107 (TNS
1112581–1112586, 1112589–1112594); Ten’eimura, Yumoto, along the upstream of River Futamata-gawa [37°1357N 139°5814E], alt.
950 m, 9 Sept. 2010, Y. Kadota 104108–104111(TNS 1112595–1112602). Kawanuma-gun,
Yanaidzu-machi, Mt. Hakase-yama, alt. 1100 m,
15 Oct. 2006, K. Hasunuma 29477 (TNS).
Minami-Aidzu-gun, Shimogô-machi, Takashima,
Shiroiri-sawa, alt. 550 m, 14 Oct. 1998, K. Hasunuma 20112 (TNS); Shimogô-machi, Mt.
Kan’non-yama, alt. 1100 m, 28 Aug. 2008, K.
Hasunuma 29816 (TNS); Shimogô-machi, Ôtôge Pass, alt. 1350 m, 19 Sept. 1999, K. Hasunuma 21407 (TNS); Shimogô-machi, Mt.
Sudachi-yama, alt. 1500 m, 19 Sept. 1999, K.
Hasunuma 21405 (TNS); Minami-Aidzu-machi,
Mt. Ojika-yama, alt. 900 m, 26 Sept. 2009, K.
Hasunuma 31186 (TNS); Minami-Aidzu-machi,
San’nô-tôge Pass, alt. 820 m, 10 Oct. 1998, K.
Hasunuma 20114 (TNS); Minami-Aidzu-machi,
Mt. Arakai-san, alt. 800 m, 15 Sept. 1999, K.
Hasunuma 21415 (TNS); Minami-Aidzu-machi,
Mt. Arakai-san, alt. 860 m, 7 Oct. 1999, Y. Kadota 997095–997105 (TNS 689757–689809);
Minami-Aidzu-machi, Nakayama Tunnel, alt.
1000 m, 22 Aug. 1999, K. Hasunuma 21408(TNS); Minami-Aidzu-machi, Yasô, Mt.
Maruyama, alt. 1000 m, 22 Aug. 1999, K. Ha-

38

Yuichi Kadota

sunuma 21409 (TNS).
Cirsium hasunumae is different from C. hanamakiense Kitam. by the direction and the numberof involucral phyllaries (11–12-seriate, adpressedor ascending vs. 8–9, recurved), the shape ofglandular bodies (obovate vs. oblong) and the
texture of cauline leaves (thinner and smooth vs.
thicker and scabrid).
Cirsium hasunumae occurs along the marginand in woods dominated by Fagus crenata.
In C. hasunumae glandular bodies usually welldeveloped on the midribs of the middle and inner
phyllaries and involucres were strongly adhesive.
However, the glandular bodies sometimes so degenerated and were vestigial that the involucres
were not adhesive. Such a kind of variation in thedevelopment of glandular bodies were also observed in the western populations of C. hanamakiense (Kadota, unpublished) and in the lowland populations of C. kagamontanum Nakai(Kadota, 2004c).
3.

Cirsium kasaianum Kadota, sp. nov.
[Figs. 5, 6]
Differt ab Cirsio yuzawae, foliis caulinis
inferiis et mediis mollibus ellipticis vel obovatoellipticis, breviter petiolatis alatis, flosculis
brevioribus.
TYPE: JAPAN. HONSHU: Miyagi Pref.,Natori-shi, Takadate Kawakami, [38°10N
140°49E], alt. ca. 80 m, 29 September 2009, H.
Kasai 2196-1 (TNS 742341–holotype; Fig. 5).
A hermaphrodite, perennial, herbaceous plant,
0.7–1.5 m tall. Rootstock stout, horizontal, up to
2 cm in diameter, with cord-like roots. Stemsuberect, 3–5 times branched in the upper part,leafy, sparingly arachnoid and covered with shortbrownish hairs chiefly in the upper part. Basal
leaves withering at anthesis. Lower cauline leaves
deep green on the adaxial side, glaucous on theabaxial side, membranous but soft, amplexicaul,auriculate, shortly petioled; blades narrowly
elliptic to obovato-elliptic in outline, 10–33 cm
long, 4–14 cm broad, almost glabrous on bothsides, subentire to serrate or sometimes shallowly
pinnatilobate, if pinnatilobate, 4–6-jugate; lobes

narrowly ovate, 2–5 cm long, 1–2 cm broad,spreading, with weak spines 1–3 mm long; petioles 1–9 cm long. Middle and upper cauline
leaves serrate, subsessile or short-petioled. Flowers in September to October. Capitula 2–3 in a
raceme or sometimes solitary, nodding, withpeduncles (0–)0.5–5 cm long; subtending leaves
3–5, narrowly ovato-lanceolate to linear, 2–5 mm
long, with weak spines ca. 0.5 mm long. Involucres narrowly cylindrical, 17–18 mm long, 6–8
mm (in vivo) and 1.5–2.5 cm (in sicco) in diameter, sparingly arachnoid. Phyllaries 10–11-seriate,ascending to subpatent; glandular bodies narrowly obovato-lanceolate to linear on inner and middle phyllaries, vestigial, or absent, eglutinous; innermost phyllaries narrowly obovato-lanceolate,ca. 15 mm long; outer phyllaries narrowly ovate
to ovate with acuminate tips, 3–5 mm long, clearly shorter than the inner ones, herbaceous, terminated with weak spines ca. 0.5 mm long. Corollae pale pink, 15–16 mm long; lobes 4 mm long;
throats 5–6 mm long; tubes 7 mm long, slightly
longer than the throats. Achenes ivory-white,
3.5–4 mm long, obscurely ribbed; pappus sordid,
10–14 mm long.
Chromosome number: 2n2x34 (present
paper).
Japanese name: Natori-azami (nom. nov.).
Distribution: Honshu (Natori-shi and Marumori-machi, Miyagi Pref.; Fig. 9, triangle).
Endemic to Japan.
Etymology: The specific epithet “kasaianum”
is dedicated to Mr. Hideaki Kasai, Sendai, Miyagi Pref., who discovered this new thistle inNatori-shi, Miyagi Pref., northern Honshu.
Additional specimens examined: JAPAN.
HONSHU: Miyagi Pref., Natori-shi, Takadate
Kawakami,
west
of
Mt.
Ôdate-yama[38°1082.4N 140°4965.3E], alt. ca. 80 m, 19
Sept. 2010, Y. Kadota 105101–105110 (TNS1112465–1112484). Igu-gun, Marumori-machi,
Hippo, alt. ca. 400 m, 26 Sept. 2007, T. Mori
11734–11735 (TNS 76816–769819); Hippo,
Ko-Hippo, Meoto-iwa [37°50N 140°42E], alt.
480 m, 19 Sept. 2010, Y. Kadota (TNS); Hippo,
Ko-Hippo, at the entrance of Meoto-iwa

Four New Cirsium Species from Honshu

Fig. 5. Type of Cirsium kasaianum Kadota (JAPAN: HONSHU. Miyagi Pref., Natori-shi, Takadate Kawakami,
alt. ca. 80 m, 19 Sept. 2009, H. Kasai 2196-1 (TNS 742341, holotype).

39

40

Yuichi Kadota

Fig. 6. Habit of Cirsium kasaianum Kadota (JAPAN: HONSHU. Miyagi Pref., Natori-shi, Takadate Kawakami,
west of Mt. Ôdate-yama, alt. ca. 80 m, 19 Sept. 2010). Left corner inset shows nodding capitulum.

Four New Cirsium Species from Honshu[37°50N 140°42E], alt. ca. 500 m, 6 Oct. 2010,
T. Mori 1–4 (TNS).
Cirsium kasaianum is distinguished from C.
yuzawae by soft, subentire to serrate cauline
leaves with short, weak spines and shorter florets.
Cirsium kasaianum exceptionally occurs in thesites of lower elevation among the species of subsect. Reflexae (Kitam.) Kadota. At the type locality this thistle grew along the margin of Cryptomeria japonica plantation in association with
Zelkova serrata, Juglans mandshurica var.
sieboldiana, Alangium platanifolium var. trilobatum, Rubus palmatus var. palmatus, Actinidia
polygama, Desmodium oldhamii, Arachniodes
standishii, Polystichum ovatopaleaceum var.
coraiense, P. tripteron etc.
4.

Cirsium nasuense Kadota, sp. nov.
[Figs. 7, 8]
Differt ab Cirsio yuzawae, habitu gynodioecio,phyllariis involucrorum 8–9-seriatis longe patentibus vel recurvatis, acheniis brevioribus.
TYPE: JAPAN. HONSHU: Tochigi Pref.,Nasu-gun, Nasu-machi, Ôshima, the Nasu
Mountains, near the Yosasa-bashi bridge[37°0723.6N 140°0049.6E], alt. 915 m, 24
September 2009, Y. Kadota 095111 (TNS1101096–holotype, Fig. 7; hermaphrodite plant).
Tochigi Pref., Nasu-Shiobara-shi, Yumoto Shiobara, near the Motoyu-onsen Hot Spa, alt. ca.
850 m, 24 September 2009, Y. Kadota 095131(TNS
1101108–1101110–paratype;femaleplant).
A gynodioecious, perennial, herbaceous plant,
1–2.5 m tall or taller. Root stock stout, horizontal, up to 5 cm in diameter, with cord-like roots.
Stem sulcate, declining to suberect, sparingly
arachnoid, much branched from the middle part;
branches not elongated. Basal leaves withering at
anthesis. Middle cauline leaves deep green on the
adaxial side, glaucous on the abaxial side, herbaceous, ovate to broadly ovate, or narrowly ovateto lanceolate in outline, 25–41 cm long, 12–21
cm wide, deeply to shallowly pinnatilobate tocoarsely dentate; lobes, if pinnatilobate, 4–7jugate, triangular-ovate, 5–11 cm long, 1.5–3 cm

41

wide, entire to pinnatilobate, provided with sharp
spines 2–8 mm long, glabrous on the adaxialside, sparingly arachnoid on the abaxial side,petiolate, not amplexicaul, not deccurent; petioles 2–7 cm long. Flowers in September to October. Capitula nodding, 2–3 in a loose raceme orsometimes solitary; peduncles 1–6 cm long,arachnoid; subtending leaves ca. 5, linear to narrowly ovato-lanceolate, 3–10 mm long, provided
with weak spines ca. 1 mm long. Involucres narrowly cylindrical to cylindrical, eglutinous, 15mm long, 8–9 mm (in vivo) and 2–3 cm (in sicco)
in diameter, sparingly arachnoid. Phyllaries 8–9seriate, herbaceous, terminated with weak spines
ca. 0.5 mm long; glandular bodies absent; innermost phyllaries narrowly obovato-lanceolate, ca.
15 mm long; outer phyllaries narrowly ovate withpatent to recurved caudate tips, 5–6 mm long.
Corollae pale violet, 17–18 mm long; lobes 4 mm
long; throats 4–5 mm long; tubes 8–9 mm long,clearly longer than the throats in hermaphrodite
plants (Fig. 8B), deep pink, 14–15 mm long;
lobes 4 mm long; throats 5–6 mm long; tubes 5–6
mm long, slightly longer than or as long as thethroats in female plants (Fig. 8C). Achenes
brownish gray tinged with yellow, ca. 3 mm long,ribbed; pappus sordid, 13–15 mm long.
Chromosome number: 2n2x34 (present
paper).
Japanese name: Shimotsuke-azami (nom. nov.)
Distribution: C. Honshu (Tochigi Pref.; Fig. 9,star). Endemic to Japan.
Additional specimens examined: JAPAN.
HONSHU; Tochigi Pref., Nasu-gun, Nasumachi, the Nasu Mountains, the Yosasa-bashi
bridge, alt. 830 m, 4 Oct. 1999, Y. Kadota
997004–997011, 997069–997082 (TNS 690177–
690238); Nasu-machi, Ôshima, near the Yosasabashi bridge [37°0723.6N 140°0049.6E], alt.
915 m, 24 Sept. 2009, Y. Kadota 095112–095122(TNS 1101081–1101093). Shiobara-machi [currently Nasu-Shiobara-shi], Motoyu, along theRiver Akagawa, alt. 780 m, 6 Oct. 1999, Y.
Kadota 997058––997068 (TNS 689810–
689825); Shiobara-machi [currently Nasu-Shiobara-shi], along the River Tanahata-gawa, alt.

42

Yuichi Kadota

Fig. 7. Type of Cirsium nasuense Kadota (JAPAN: HONSHU. Tochigi Pref., Nasu-gun, Nasu-machi, Ôshima,
just below the Yosasa-bashi bridge, alt. 915 m, 24 Sept. 2009, Y. Kadota 095111 (TNS 1101096).

Fig. 8. Cirsium nasuense Kadota. A. Habit. B. Hermaphrodite capitulum. C. Female capitulum. A–B. Nasu-machi, Tochigi Pref., Japan, 24 Sept.
2009. C. Shiobara, Nasu-Shiobara-shi, Tochigi Pref., Japan, 24 Sept. 2009.

Four New Cirsium Species from Honshu
4344

Yuichi Kadota

yuzawae by having gynodioecy, 8–9-seriate, longpatent to recurved involucral phyllaries and small
achenes.
Cirsium nasuense is distributed in the south ofTochigi–Fukushima Prefectural border. While C.
hasunumae occurs in the north of the border. In
this way the two species are clearly geographically segregated. However, there are several populations of Cirsium in Oze and Marunuma locatedin the northeastern part of Gunma Prefecture.
The populations are morphologically similar to
C. hasunumae and the area is close to the southern end of the distribution range of C. hasunumae. Further studies are necessary for theappropriate treatment of the populations in question.

Acknowledgements

Fig. 9. Distribution of Cirsium funagataense(square), C. hasunumae (disc), C. kasaianum(triangle) and C. nasuense (star).

860 m, 6 Oct. 1999, Y. Kadota 997036–997055(TNS
689862–689870,
690018–690028,
690113–690114); Nasu-Shiobara-shi, Yumoto
Shiobara, near the Motoyu-onsen Hot Spa, alt.
ca. 850 m, 24 September 2009, Y. Kadota 095131(TNS 1101108–1101110); Nasu-Shiobara-shi,
Yumoto Shiobara, near the Motoyu-onsen Hot
Spa, alt. ca. 850 m, 24 September 2009, Y. Kadota 095132–095139 (TNS 1101097–1101113);
Nasu-Shiobara-shi, Utsuno, Happô-ko Lake –Takesan-Hôkine-jinja Shrine, alt. 1000 m, 29
Sept. 2010, Y. Sugino 1 (TNS 1112015).
Kuroiso-shi[currently
Nasu-Shiobara-shi],Miyama, the Nasu Mountains, along the upstream of the River Naka-gawa, alt. 570 m, 5
Oct. 1999, Y. Kadota 997024–997035 (TNS
690239–690251).
Cirsium nasuense is distinguished from C.

I am deeply indebted to Messrs. Y. Ueno and
W. Takahashi for their guidance to the locality
and assistence for the field examination of Cirsium funagataense; Messrs. H. Kasai, T. Mori and
Y. Ueno for their guidance to the locality and assistence for the field study of C. kasaianum; Mr.
K. Hasunuma for his detailed information on C.
hasunumae; Mr. H. Ogura and Dr. T. Ohmori for
C. nasuense. I wish to give my sincere thanks to
Prof. Dr. T. Nishikawa for his counting the chromosome numbers of the four Cirsium species
described in this paper.
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