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200676

Neutrino 2006
Santa FeSlide by H. Robertson (neutrino 2006)http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by A. Hime (neutrino 2006)(from Super-K)

http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by S. Turck-Chieze (neutrino 2006) http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by S. Turck-Chieze (neutrino 2006)

http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by A. Friedland (neutrino 2006) http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by A. Friedland (neutrino 2006) http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by A. Friedland (neutrino 2006) http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by A. Friedland (neutrino 2006) http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by R. Menegazzo (neutrino 2006) http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by R. Menegazzo (neutrino 2006)

http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by R. Menegazzo (neutrino 2006)

http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by R. Menegazzo (neutrino 2006)

http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by V.N. Gavrin (neutrino 2006)

http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by V.N. Gavrin (neutrino 2006) http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by V.N. Gavrin (neutrino 2006) http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by V.N. Gavrin (neutrino 2006) http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by A. Hime (neutrino 2006)

http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by A. Hime (neutrino 2006)

http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by A. Hime (neutrino 2006)

http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by A. Hime (neutrino 2006)(from Super-K)

http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by A. Hime (neutrino 2006)

http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by A. Hime (neutrino 2006)

http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by R.B. Vogelaar (neutrino 2006) http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by R.B. Vogelaar (neutrino 2006) http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by R.B. Vogelaar (neutrino 2006) http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Slide by R.B. Vogelaar (neutrino 2006) http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

KamLAND Results and Future
Tadao Mitsui(Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku U.)
for the KamLAND Collaboration

The XXII International Conference on
Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics
June 13-19, 2006, Santa Fe

KamLAND collaboration
T. Araki, S. Enomoto, K. Furuno, Y. Gando, K. Ichimura, H. Ikeda, K. Inoue, Y. Kishimoto, M. Koga, Y. Koseki,T. Maeda, T. Mitsui, M. Motoki, K. Nakajima, K. Nakamura, H. Ogawa, M. Ogawa, K. Owada, J.-S. Ricol, I. Shimizu,
J. Shirai, F. Suekane, A. Suzuki, K. Tada, S. Takeuchi, K. Tamae, Y. Tsuda, H.Watanabe, J. Busenitz, T. Classen,
Z. Djurcic, G. Keefer, D. S. Leonard, A. Piepke, E. Yakushev, B. E. Berger, Y. D. Chan, M. P. Decowski, D. A. Dwyer,
S. J. Freedman, B. K. Fujikawa, J. Goldman, F. Gray, K. M. Heeger, L. Hsu, K. T. Lesko, K.-B. Luk, H. Murayama,T. O’Donnell, A.W. P. Poon, H. M. Steiner, L. A. Winslow, C. Jillings, C. Mauger, R. D. McKeown, P. Vogel, C. Zhang,C. E. Lane, T. Miletic, G. Guillian, J. G. Learned, J. Maricic, S. Matsuno, S. Pakvasa, G. A. Horton-Smith, S. Dazeley,
S. Hatakeyama, A. Rojas, R. Svoboda, B. D. Dieterle, J. Detwiler, G. Gratta, K. Ishii, N. Tolich, Y. Uchida, M. Batygov,W. Bugg, Y. Efremenko, Y. Kamyshkov, A. Kozlov, Y. Nakamura, H. J. Karwowski, D. M. Markoff, R. M. Rohm,
W. Tornow, R. Wendell, M.-J. Chen, Y.-F. Wang, F. Piquemal@Laforet Zao Resort & Spa (Oct. 8, 2005)

KamLAND results and future
Reactor results and future
Geoneutrino results and future
Solar neutrino future
7Be

pep, CNO, low-energy 8B

Other physics
Solar e, supernova, and other high energy eInvisible decay of neutron

KamLAND DetectorKamioka Liquid Antineutrino Detector

Kevlar ropes

Water tank
Buffer oilBalloon

Liquid scintillator

Phototubes

Delayed signal
2.2MeV

Nhit

Prompt signal
0.9~8MeV

timeBalloon 13m

Reactor results
Exposure
Neutrino 2004

2nd result: 766.3 ton-yr(May 9, 2002 - Jan 11, 2004)
1st result:162 ton-yr(May 4 - Oct. 6, 2002)
2002

2003

Data taking started2004

2005

2006

TodayTimeFirst result: reactor neutrino disappearance
Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 021802

180 km180 kmDisappearance: 99.95%C.L.

2nd result: spectral distortion

Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005) 081801

L0=180 km
L0L0

Determination of solar neutrino solution
Precise measurement of m122

Fig. from Nucl. Phys. B 149 (2005) 13

Reactor future
Keep taking data: (statistical error)  (time)1/2
Reduction of the systematic error to keep (total error) ~ (time)1/2
All volume calibration instead of only along the vertical axis:
from July 2006, the “4 system”
Better understanding of the detector, improving analysis tools

See also posters#56 T. Classen for energy scale#57 D. Dwyer for oscillation analysis#60 L. Hsu for Monte Carlo
3% rate error
1% scale error
3kt-yr data accumulation

improve“4 system”

Reactor results
Exposure
Neutrino 2004

2nd result: 766.3 ton-yr(May 9, 2002 - Jan 11, 2004)
1st result:162 ton-yr(May 4 - Oct. 6, 2002)
2002

2003

Data taking started

2004

2005

2006

TodayTimeSlide by A. Shimizu (COE symposium Tohoku, Sendai)Reactor future
Keep taking data: (statistical error)  (time)1/2
Reduction of the systematic error to keep (total error) ~ (time)1/2
All volume calibration instead of only along the vertical axis:
from July 2006, the “4 system”
Better understanding of the detector, improving analysis tools

See also posters#56 T. Classen for energy scale#57 D. Dwyer for oscillation analysis#60 L. Hsu for Monte Carlo
3% rate error
1% scale error
3kt-yr data accumulation

improve“4 system”

Slide by G. Gratta (neutrino 2004)

Note: alpha-n B.G. is not
Included in this analysis

2nd result: spectral distortion

Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005) 081801

L0=180 km
L0L0Possible source of “fake distortion”
Shimizedp185

Reactor  for m2=7.910-5eV2e+ Ereal [MeV]
Peak~5MeV
Valley(disapparancemax) ~3MeV

Surviving probability Pe

e+ Ereal [MeV]Spectral difference for m2

e+ Ereal [MeV]HNPIQLKQP?

"(?/,?%T7@;#6:LOJMPR -+ -
%$- )S>6;-HNPIQLKQPG 59;”observed spectrum” G&6-/:H
NPIQLKQP4<>-”pull-up chi square” G1E.

%?:CT
LOJMPG!
,>=0D3B2-delta-m square 38F:
D3A?*/G'.

<-Solar neutrino future
KamLAND single spectra
Solar 7Beaaa °± ÷ a ±  ° ÷

Reduction of 210Pb, 85Kr by 105
 KamLAND “solar  phase”
T1/2 = 22.3y

5.013d210Pb

138.4d 210Bi  210Po  206Pb

1.2 MeVT1/2 = 10.8y85Kr

 85Rb

5.3 MeV

13C (, n) 16O

0.69 MeV
Obstacles for solar 7Be (210Bi, 85Kr, 210Po), and antineutrino(reactor and geoneutrino) physics (210Po)

Distillation + N2 purge
KamLAND scintillator:
80% dodecane (C12H26)20% pseudocumene (1,2,4-(CH3)3-C6H3),
1.5-g/l PPO (2,5-Diphenyloxazole, 2,5-(C6H5)2-C3HNO)

210Pbn+Boiling points

PPO(organic 210Pb)
Dirty
scintillator

Dodecane(organic 210Pb)
Pseudocumene
222Rn

85Kr

N2
purge
Clean
scintillator

DistillationR&D since 2004

~ milli-liter system~ liter system

Real system:~ 1.5 kilo-liter / hr (design flow rate)
Construction starting August, 2006

R&D using 212Pb instead of real 210Pb
In KamLAND: 222Rn  218Po  214Pb  214Bi
 214Po  210Pb  210Bi  210Po  206Pb
Pb removal R&D: 220Rn  216Po  212Pb
 212Bi  212Po  208Pb
212Pb is tagged by 212Bi-212Po (T1/2 = 299 ns)
212Pb decay curve (T1/2 = 10.6 hr)Both 212Pb and 210Pb are Po daughter: molecular forms in the scintillator
are expected to be similar

212Bi - 212Po coincidence rate

Example of PPO distillation
Before distillation

212Pb decay curve

After distillation~ 4  104 reduction achieved

Time [hour]~104 ~105 reduction has been achieved
also for dodecane, and pseudocumene distillation* See also poster #28 G. KeeferToward “solar  phase”
Excavation of a new mine tunnel for the distillation system(completed: Fall, 2005)
New computer system for data acquisition and storage of larger data
(installed: Winter, 2005)
New electric power ~ 1MW for the distillation system(power line construction going on: June, 2006)
Design of the distillation system(almost done: June, 2006)
Construction of the N2 generator and purge system(partly done, will complete in September 2006)
Construction of distillation system(August - September, 2006)
Construction of “miniLAND” (1-ton detector to measure 222Rn level
after purification, down to ~1 mBq/m3 ( μBq/m3 for 210Pb))
Construction of Kr detector (see also poster #30 C. Mauger)

Toward “solar  phase” (continued)
Engineering run of the distillation system
Real purification of the KamLAND scintillator(this will take a few months …)
Observation of the solar 7Be neutrinos

Control room forthe distillation
system in thenewly excavatedmine tunnel

#0&3958:42-*(%)
*!;<-*2!.0/ *;" = +<67:9"0'/($&.,$1%/(-/Flow Plan I
SmallTankBalloon

Distillation(heating,Silica gel)

Large Tank

High temperaturefrom the topbottom
 “Laminarconvectivepurification”
Level control byoverflow is thesame as up-going
circulation

GasPurge
Main flow
Control flow

Solar neutrino future
After ~3105 reduction of 210Pb and 85Kr

(no oscillation)

Total B.G.

pep and CNO neutrinos
Even after successful 210Pb, 85Kr reduction,
at KamLAND depth 2,700 m.w.e., spallation 11C(T1/2 = 20.4min.) is a serious background …
10-6 reduction of 210Pb, 85Kr assumed

11C off-line rejectionμn11C events in KamLAND datatenergy

Rpep CNO future
3 years data
7Be

pepCNO

11C

Problem: electronics dead time after large μ signal  missing neutrons
11C without neutrons (5%)
Veto by μ only?  better μ fitter with better understanding of μ events
See also poster: #55 L. Winslow for muon tracker

Low-energy 8B neutrinoMSW distortion
If 208Tl ( + , Q = 5 MeV) reduced enough 232Th reduction needed (distillation works?)
KamLAND: low-energy frontier

from Pena-Garay

Slide by A. Friedland (neutrino 2006) http://neutrinosantafe06.com/

Solar e, other high energy e
PRL 92 (2004) 071301

see also talk by A. Friedland (this morning)e / SSM-8B
 < 2.8 104(90 % C.L.)
Supernova search:almost no B.G.
See also poster#111 K. Ishii forsupernova searchSummary
Reactor neutrino:
Data taking is going well and will continue
All volume calibration is starting soon

Geoneutrino:
Efforts to reduce systematic error of B.G.

Solar neutrino:
Toward “solar  phase” (210Pb, 85Kr reduction by 105)Distillation will start in September 2006

Thank you very much and please keep
encouraging KamLAND