Keynote Speach
Yoko Shiraishi （Mature Life Institute)Impact of implementing “Safe Community”
project in a Japanese community
From a challenge of Kameoka City

Yoko Shiraishi
Mature Life Institute
Ritsumeikan UniversityContents
1.
2.
3.

Current situation of Safety in Japan
Increasing interest in Safe Community
Challenge of Kyoto P. and Kameoka C.
}

Findings from the challenges by Kameoka- Result of questionnaire survey- Effect of Workshop in a Pilot community

4.
5.

Discussion
Conclusion

Mature Life Institute2007/11/23 4ASC conference

11Keynote Speach
Yoko Shiraishi （Mature Life Institute)

1. Current situation of Safety in Japan}Is Japan becoming
safer ?…

PublicPublicSaefty&Security
Saefty&Security

safer
safer
2.4%
2.4%
less
lesssafe
safe
37.7%
37.7%

relatively
relatively
safer
safer
8.9%
8.9%

cannotcannotansweranswer4.0%
4.0%}85% feel less safe,
compared to before

don't
don'tknow
know
0.4%
0.4%

(White Paper on National Life Style 2007)

relatively
relatively
lesslesssafe
safe
46.6%
46.6%

Why
Why people
people feel
feel
less
less safe?
safe?

whitewhitePaper
PaperononNational
NationalIife
IifeStyleStyle2007
2007

Mature Life Institute2

1. Current situation of Safety in Japan} trend of decline of safety in terms of ….
Trend
TrendofofTraffic
Trafficinjury
injuryandanddeathdeath1987-2006
1987-2006

83000
3000

20
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 29 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 08 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 664

Mature Life Institute2007/11/23 4ASC conference

60
60

2000
2000
1500
1500

40
40

1000
1000

20yearyear
injury (per 100,000persons)injury (per 100,000persons)injury(per 100,000,000 Km drive)
injury(per 100,000,000 Km drive)

80
80

2500
2500

d ea thd ea th48100
100

injury(per 10,000 cars)
injury(per 10,000 cars)
death (per 100,000persons)death (per 100,000persons)

20
20500
500
00

crim e-a rrest ra tio
crim e-a rrest ra tio

3500
3500

C rim e in cid en ce ra tio
C rim e in cid en ce ra tio

10106in ju ry
in ju ry

1000
1000
900
900
800
800
700
700
600
600
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
00

Trend
Trendofofcrime
crime1987-2006
1987-2006

0
1
987

1
98
7

1
988

1
988

1
98
91
9891
990

1
9
90

1
991

19911992

1
992

1
993

1
993

1
994

1
99419951995199619961997yearyear

19971998199819991999200020002001200
120022002200
3200
3200
4200
4200
50200
5

incidence ratio of crime(per 100,000 persons over 14yrs)
incidence ratio of crime(per 100,000 persons over 14yrs)
crime arrest ratio(per 100,000 persons over 14yrs)
crime arrest ratio(per 100,000 persons over 14yrs)

32Keynote Speach
Yoko Shiraishi （Mature Life Institute)

1. Current situation of Safety in Japan
Trend
Trendofofsuicid
suicid(per(per100,000)
100,000)

Japan
Japanhas
hasbeenbeenworking
workingon
onsafetysafetypromotion
invarious
fieldspromotion in various fields

50
50
femalefemale
male
male

40
40

Has
Hasachievedachievedhigher
higherlevelofsafetyaslevel of safety asaawhole
whole

30
30

2020

but…

101000

1
1
9
95500

1
1
995555119966551
1
996
60011
997
70011997755119988001199885511999900

1199995522000000For
Forthethelastlastfew
fewdecades,decades,-- somedecline
some declinein
insafetysafety-- needfurtherchallenge
need further challenge

220
00
0
3
3

Mature Life Institute4(1) Why people feel less safe ?
Reasons
Reasonsfor
forfeelingfeelingofofunsafe
unsafe&unsecure&unsecure001010202030
30

40
40%
%
5050

more crime bymore crime byforeighnersforeighners

55.1
55.1

less sence ofless sence ofcommunity
community

49.0
49.0

not enough education
not enough education
for young generation
for young generation

48.1
48.1

easy access toeasy access toundesirable
undesirable
informatioin
informatioin
not enoughnot enoughpanishment against
panishment against
crimescrimesdiminished normative
diminished normative
consciousness
consciousness

60
60

43.8
43.8

39.3
39.3

37.2
37.2

white Paper on National Life Style 2007
white Paper on National Life Style 2007

Mature Life Institute2007/11/23 4ASC conference

One of main factors
which make people feelless safe is …
weakened relation /bondwith neighbors.

Various
Variousinfluence
influencefactors
factors
incommunities
in communities
cf.
cf.Urbanization,
Urbanization,changechangeof
ofpeoples’
peoples’life
lifestylestyle….etc.
….etc.
53

Keynote Speach
Yoko Shiraishi （Mature Life Institute)(2) Relationship with others
0%
0%

20%
20%

40%
40%

1975
1975

52.8
52.8

1986
1986

49
49

1987
1987

42.3
42.3

60%
60%

80%
80%
32.8
32.8

100%
100%
11.8
11.8
1.8
1.8

32.4
32.4

14.4
14.4
3.8
3.8

0%
0%
2000
2000

35.3
35.3

Strong relation
60%

20%
20%
13.9
13.9

2007 10.7
2007 10.7

40%
40%

60%

40.7
40.7

30.9
30.9

strong rlatioins
strong rlatioins
relatively weak relatioins
relatively weak relatioinsno relation
no relation

16.7
16.7
5.3
5.3
80%
80%

23.1
23.1

19.4
19.4

}Relation/bond inneighborhood is
becoming lessstrong.

18.4
18.4

30.9
30.9

100%
100%
3.9
3.9

7.5
7.5}People don’t
associate withneighbors as muchas used to berelatively strong relations
relatively strong relations
weak relations
weak relations
no answer
no answer

Mature Life Institute69 While there are various issues which
effect on safety in the society….
9Weakened bond in neighbors is a factor
which make people worry about safety

Can relations among community
members contribute to safety
promotion ?
Mature Life Institute2007/11/23 4ASC conference74Keynote Speach
Yoko Shiraishi （Mature Life Institute)(3) From our experience…
} Great Hanshin Earthquake on Jan. 17, 1995
ÎIt hit the Kobe area in very early morningÎAbout 30,000 people were buried under ruins ofbuildings}After the earthquake, probability of survival waslargely effected by how soon people wererescuedÎwithin the day;69%, the 2nd day;24%, the 5th day;4%}The damage was too big to be covered by public
rescue services only
Mature Life Institute

8Who rescue people in need of help?
}98% were rescued by families and neighborsÎIn Hokudan-cho (10,000 inhabitants, magnitude 7.3)

• Over 90% of buildings were collapsedÎWithin 7 hours, before public rescue team arrived,

all missing had been found• 39 people killed, 870 people injuredÎImmediate rescue by community members could

minimized the human damage• Residents had information about who were in which roomsof collapsed houses.
• The information was gained through usual socialization
with neighbors
Mature Life Institute9

2007/11/23 4ASC conference

5Keynote Speach
Yoko Shiraishi （Mature Life Institute)(4)What we learned from the experience
Cooperation among community members
perform effective rescue work
more interest in

Potential of “Social Capital” in communities
Another reason …

Governments have been facing difficulty in providing
enough services for improvement of well-being- Financial problems- Strong trend of decentralization of authority- Diversification of needs and values for well-being
Mature Life Institute10

2. Increasing interest in Safe Community}There is NO designated Safe Community yet.
ÎRelated fields with safety have worked on safety

improvement on their own and have attained higher
level of safety to some extent}There is improving interest in SCÎKyoto Prefecture decided to take the SC initiatives topursue their political goals
Mature Life Institute2007/11/23 4ASC conference

116Keynote Speach
Yoko Shiraishi （Mature Life Institute)

3. Challenge by Kyoto P. & Kameoka C.
} Kyoto Prefecture decided to take a model of SCto pursue their political agendas.
ÎProposed SC to municipalities with 3 benefits

1.Improve safety
2.Reduce expenses in medical and Public Health
3.Reestablish relation among community members} Kameoka City was appointed as a pilot
municipality for the Safe Community projectÎ to establish a model of SC in the Japanese context
ÎThen, expand SC movement to other municipalities inKyoto

Mature Life Institute12(1) Overview of Kameoka CityJapan

Mature Life Institute2007/11/23 4ASC conference

137Keynote Speach
Yoko Shiraishi （Mature Life Institute)(1) Overview of Kameoka City}Kameoka City is locatednext to Kyoto City.
Î Suburb area}Population isapproximate 100,000
Kinki district

Î Aging rapidly• Over 65 yrs : 16.1%}Good accessibility toOsaka and Kyoto
Kyoto City

Kameoka City

Î Heavy traffic}Abundant in Nature
Î Used to be suffered bynatural disasters
Mature Life Institute14(2) Process of SC project at Kameoka
Figure ourcurrent condition

Provide information
on Safe Community①①Questionnaire
Questionnairesurveillance
surveillance②②Workshop
Workshop
Identify problems

Develop Social Resources
Develop SC programs

Kameoka Model
Mature Life Institute2007/11/23 4ASC conference158Keynote Speach
Yoko Shiraishi （Mature Life Institute)① Questionnaire surveillance}Target ;Îall households (29,671) in the city and their family

members aged over 18 yrs old}Survey slip ; (1) Household, (2)Indivisual}Methods;Îdelivered to each household by volunteers, thencollected by mail in about 3 weeks} Collection rate: 24.2%(7,157 households)ÎHigher than expected
Mature Life Institute

16Result；Community activity and Safety} People involved in community activities tend to feel more safe
【 How do you asociate with neighbors ? ]【 How do you work to solve probolem incommunity with neibghors? ]0%very safe

50%0%100%very Safe

Safe

cannotanswer

cannotanswer

not safe

not safe

not safe atall

not safe atall

Mature Life Institute2007/11/23 4ASC conference

40%

60%

80%

100%

Safe

Safe

Safe

work muchcannot answer
not work at all

20%

work some
not work much

help each othersome conversation

greet each otherlittle communication

179

Keynote Speach
Yoko Shiraishi （Mature Life Institute)

Result; Affection, Satisfaction and Safety} Satisfaction of life in the community and affection for communities
have correlation with feeling of safety【【Feeling of Safety & affection to community】
Feeling of Safety & affection to community】
0%0%

20% 40% 60% 80% 100%20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

【Feeling of Safety & Satisfaction with life】【Feeling of Safety & Satisfaction with life】
0%0%

very safevery safevery safevery safe

safe
safe

safe
safe

cannotcannotansweranswercannotcannotansweranswernot so safe
not so safe

not so safe
not so safe

not safe at
not safe atall
all

not safe at
not safe atall
all

Strong affection
Strong affection
cannot answe
cannot answe
no affection
no affection

affectionaffection
not strong affection
not strong affection

20% 40%20% 40%very sasified
very sasified
cannotanswercannotanswernotsatisfied
at allnot satisfied at all

60% 80% 100%
60% 80% 100%

satisfiedsatisfiednotsatisfied
not satisfied

Mature Life Institute18

Findings
FeelingFeelingof
ofsafetysafetyhas
hascorrelation
correlationwith
withattachment
attachmentto
tocommunities
communities--satisfaction
satisfactionwith
withlife
lifeinincommunities
communities--affection
affectionfor
forcommunities
communities--active
activeassociation
associationinincommunities
communities--dynamic
dynamiccommunity
communityworks
worksororactivities
activities

apply
applytotoimprovement
improvementof
ofcommunity
communitysafety
safetyMature Life Institute2007/11/23 4ASC conference

1910

Keynote Speach
Yoko Shiraishi （Mature Life Institute)② Workshop at a pilot neighborhood}To develop safe community based on voicefrom community}To set up opportunities for residents to get
involved in safety promotion}Set up a series of workshop at a pilot areaÎShino-Cho（population; 18,000）
Î2hr×4 timesÎParticipants; individual, organizations, ….etc.
Î60-70 participants ( expected about 30 at most )Mature Life Institute20

1st meeting:Identify and share problems
in their neighborhood- Children and elderlys’ safety- Traffic Safety

2nd meeting:Set up goals- Improve safety based oncommunication among residents

3rd meeting:

Develop strategies- Find social resources- Develop plans to reach their gorals
Mature Life Institute2007/11/23 4ASC conference

2111

Keynote Speach
Yoko Shiraishi （Mature Life Institute)

Result；}Residents became more concern about safety andidentify problems from the viewpoint of community.
Î Traffic Safety, Children& Elderly’ Safety}They became to think what to be done for community
safety promotion
Î Discussion on How to improve safety with what they have incommunities

Residents learn “what they can do”
and “what they should do”
at individual or community levels
cf. arranged a system to look after seniors who live alone
Mature Life Institute Æmore information at the presentation in the afternoon

224. Discussion}

Safety promotion in JapanÎHas been conducted by mainly governments at
section levels•ÎEach field pursues higher level of safety on its own

Needs community involvement for communitybased approach and effective performance•

Lack of resources & Financial matters

Make good use of resources in communities
Potential in “Safe Community” Strategy
Mature Life Institute2007/11/23 4ASC conference

2312Keynote Speach
Yoko Shiraishi （Mature Life Institute)

National
Level
Community
Level
Local
Level

Collaborative work in communities
improve
Association in communities

Safetyefficiency & effectivenessof community work
Mature Life Institute24

5. Conclusion : Impact on Community
Safe
SafeCommunity
Community
developdevelop aa mechanism
mechanism ofof
mutualsupport
mutual support inin community
community
Objective
Objective Safety
SafetySubjective
SubjectiveSafety
SafetyCompensate
Compensate
formalformal services
services

Improve
Improve feelingfeeling
ofof Security
Security

Improvement
Improvementof
ofsafetysafetyMature Life Institute2007/11/23 4ASC conference2513

Keynote Speach
Yoko Shiraishi （Mature Life Institute)Thank you ….

Yoko Shiraishi
yokomature@cyberoz.net

2007/11/23 4ASC conference

14