Spacing Modifier Letters
Range: 02B0–02FF
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02B0

Spacing Modifier Letters

02B
0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F

30

02C

02D

02E

02FF

02F

ʰ

ˀ

ː

ˠ ˰

02B0

02C0

02D0

02E0

02F0

ʱ

ˁ

ˑ

ˡ

˱

02B1

02C1

02D1

02E1

02F1

ʲ

˂

˒

ˢ

˲

02B2

02C2

02D2

02E2

02F2

ʳ

˃

˓

ˣ ˳

02B3

02C3

02D3

02E3

02F3

ʴ

˄

˔

ˤ

˴

02B4

02C4

02D4

02E4

02F4

ʵ

˅

˕

˥ ˵

02B5

02C5

02D5

02E5

ʶ

ˆ

˖

˦ ˶

02B6

02C6

02D6

02E6

02F5

02F6

ʷ

ˇ

˗

˧ ˷

02B7

02C7

02D7

02E7

02F7

ʸ

ˈ

˘

˨ ˸

02B8

02C8

02D8

02E8

02F8

ʹ

ˉ

˙

˩ ˹

02B9

02C9

02D9

02E9

02F9

ʺ

ˊ

˚

˪ ˺

02BA

02CA

02DA

02EA

02FA

ʻ

ˋ

˛ ˫ ˻

02BB

02CB

02DB

02EB

02FB

ʼ

ˌ

˜

ˬ ˼

02BC

02CC

02DC

02EC

02FC

ʽ

ˍ

˝

˭ ˽

02BD

02CD

02DD

02ED

02FD

ʾ

ˎ

˞

ˮ ˾

02BE

02CE

02DE

02EE

02FE

ʿ

ˏ

˟ ˯ ˿

02BF

02CF

02DF

02EF

02FF

The Unicode Standard, Version 16.0, Copyright © 1991-2024 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved.

02B0

Spacing Modifier Letters

Latin superscript modifier letters
See also superscript Latin letters in the Phonetic Extensions
block starting at 1D00.
→ 2071 i superscript latin small letter i→ 207F ⁿ superscript latin small letter n
02B0 ʰ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H• aspiration≈ <super> 0068 h
02B1 ʱ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H WITH HOOK
• breathy voiced, murmured→ 0266 ɦ latin small letter h with hook
→ 0324 $̤ combining diaeresis below≈ <super> 0266 ɦ
02B2 ʲ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J• palatalization→ 0321 $̡ combining palatalized hook below≈ <super> 006A j
02B3 ʳ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R≈ <super> 0072 r
02B4 ʴ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R→ 0279 ɹ latin small letter turned r≈ <super> 0279 ɹ
02B5 ʵ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH
HOOK
→ 027B ɻ latin small letter turned r with hook
≈ <super> 027B ɻ
02B6 ʶ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R• preceding four used for r-coloring or r-offglides→ 0281 ʁ latin letter small capital inverted r≈ <super> 0281 ʁ
02B7 ʷ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W• labialization→ 032B $̫ combining inverted double archbelow
≈ <super> 0077 w
02B8 ʸ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Y• palatalization• common Americanist usage for 02B2 ʲ≈ <super> 0079 y
Miscellaneous phonetic modifiers
02B9 ʹ MODIFIER LETTER PRIME• stress, emphasis• transliteration of mjagkij znak (Cyrillic soft sign:palatalization)• transliteration of Hebrew geresh→ 0027 ' apostrophe→ 00B4 ´ acute accent→ 02CA ˊ modifier letter acute accent→ 0301 $́ combining acute accent→ 0374 ʹ greek numeral sign
→ 05F3 ‫ ׳‬hebrew punctuation geresh→ 2032 ′ prime
02BA ʺ MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME• exaggerated stress, contrastive stress• transliteration of tverdyj znak (Cyrillic hard sign:no palatalization)→ 0022 " quotation mark→ 030B $̋ combining double acute accent→ 2033 ″ double prime

02BB

ʻ

02BC

ʼ

02BD

ʽ

02BE

ʾ

02BF

ʿ

02C0

ˀ

02C1

ˁ

02C2

˂

02C3

˃

02C4

˄

02C5

˅

02C5

MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA• typographical alternate for 02BD ʽ or 02BF ʿ• used in some Polynesian orthographies forglottal stop
• Hawaiʻian: ʻokina• Tongan: fakauʻa→ 0312 $̒ combining turned comma above→ 07F5 ߵ nko low tone apostrophe→ 2018 ‘ left single quotation mark
MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE= apostrophe• glottal stop, glottalization, ejective• many languages use this as a letter of theiralphabets• used as a tone marker in Bodo and Dogri• indicates vowel elongation, or various
truncations and ellipsis in Maithili• used as a modifier letter in the Lisu script• 2019 ’ is the preferred character for apunctuation apostrophe→ 0027 ' apostrophe→ 0313 $̓ combining comma above→ 0315 $̕ combining comma above right→ 055A ՚ armenian apostrophe→ 07F4 ߴ nko high tone apostrophe→ 1FBF ᾿ greek psili→ 2019 ’ right single quotation mark
MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED COMMA• weak aspiration→ 0314 $̔ combining reversed comma above→ 0559 ՙ armenian modifier letter left half ring
→ 1FFE ῾ greek dasia→ 201B ‛ single high-reversed-9 quotation mark
MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING
• transliteration of Arabic hamza (glottal stop)• transliteration of Hebrew alef
→ 055A ՚ armenian apostrophe→ 05D0 ‫ א‬hebrew letter alef
→ 0621 ‫ ء‬arabic letter hamza
MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING
• transliteration of Arabic ain (voiced pharyngeal
fricative)• transliteration of Hebrew ayin
→ 0559 ՙ armenian modifier letter left half ring
→ 05E2 ‫ ע‬hebrew letter ayin
→ 0639 ‫ ع‬arabic letter ain
MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP
• ejective or glottalized• typographical alternate for 02BC ʼ or 02BE ʾ→ 0294 ʔ latin letter glottal stop
→ 0309 $̉ combining hook above
MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP
• typographical alternate for 02BF ʿ→ 0295 ʕ latin letter pharyngeal voiced fricative
MODIFIER LETTER LEFT ARROWHEAD• fronted articulation
MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT ARROWHEAD• backed articulation
MODIFIER LETTER UP ARROWHEAD• raised articulation→ 005E ^ circumflex accent→ 2303 ⌃ up arrowhead
MODIFIER LETTER DOWN ARROWHEAD• lowered articulation

The Unicode Standard, Version 16.0, Copyright © 1991-2024 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved.

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02C6

02C6

02C7

Spacing Modifier Letters

ˆ

ˇ

02C8

ˈ

02C9

ˉ

02CA

ˊ

02CB

ˋ

02CC

ˌ

02CD

ˍ

02CE

ˎ

02CF

ˏ

02D0

ː

02D1

ˑ

02D2

˒

02D3

˓

32

MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT• rising-falling tone, falling tone, secondary stress,
etc.
→ 005E ^ circumflex accent→ 0302 $̂ combining circumflex accent→ A788 ꞈ modifier letter low circumflex accent
CARON= hacek• falling-rising tone
• Mandarin Chinese third tone
→ 030C $̌ combining caron
MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE• primary stress, downstep• precedes letter or syllable modified→ 0027 ' apostrophe→ 030D $̍ combining vertical line above
MODIFIER LETTER MACRON• high level tone
• precedes or follows letter or syllable modified• Mandarin Chinese first tone
→ 00AF ¯ macron→ 0304 $̄ combining macron
MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT• high-rising tone (IPA), high tone, primary stress• Mandarin Chinese second tone
→ 00B4 ´ acute accent→ 02B9 ʹ modifier letter prime→ 0301 $́ combining acute accent→ 0374 ʹ greek numeral sign
→ 055B ՛ armenian emphasis mark
MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT• high-falling tone (IPA), low tone, secondary or
tertiary stress• Mandarin Chinese fourth tone
→ 0060 ` grave accent→ 0300 $̀ combining grave accent→ 055D ՝ armenian comma
MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE• secondary stress• precedes letter or syllable modified→ 0329 $̩ combining vertical line below
MODIFIER LETTER LOW MACRON• low level tone
• used as a modifier letter in the Lisu script→ 005F _ low line
→ 0331 $̱ combining macron below
MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE ACCENT• low-falling tone
MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE ACCENT• low-rising tone
→ 0375 ͵ greek lower numeral sign
MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON• length mark→ 003A : colon
MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON• half-length mark→ 00B7 · middle dot
MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED RIGHT HALF RING
• more rounded articulation
MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED LEFT HALF RING
• less rounded articulation

02D4

˔

02D5

˕

02D6

˖

02D7

˗

02E6

MODIFIER LETTER UP TACK
• vowel raising or closing→ 031D $̝ combining up tack below→ 0323 $̣ combining dot below
MODIFIER LETTER DOWN TACK
• vowel lowering or opening→ 031C $̜ combining left half ring below→ 031E $̞ combining down tack below
MODIFIER LETTER PLUS SIGN
• advanced or fronted articulation→ 031F $̟ combining plus sign below
MODIFIER LETTER MINUS SIGN
• retracted or backed articulation• glyph may have small end-serifs→ 0320 $̠ combining minus sign below→ 2212 − minus sign

Spacing clones of diacritics
02D8 ˘ BREVE→ 0306 $̆ combining breve≈ 0020  0306 $̆
02D9 ˙ DOT ABOVE• Mandarin Chinese fifth tone (light or neutral)→ 0307 $̇ combining dot above≈ 0020  0307 $̇
02DA ˚ RING ABOVE→ 00B0 ° degree sign
→ 030A $̊ combining ring above≈ 0020  030A $̊
02DB ˛ OGONEK→ 0328 $̨ combining ogonek≈ 0020  0328 $̨
02DC ˜ SMALL TILDE→ 007E ~ tilde→ 0303 $̃ combining tilde→ 223C ∼ tilde operator≈ 0020  0303 $̃
02DD ˝ DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT→ 030B $̋ combining double acute accent≈ 0020  030B $̋
Additions based on 1989 IPA
02DE ˞ MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK
• rhotacization in vowel• often ligated: 025A ɚ = 0259 ə + 02DE ˞ ;025D ɝ = 025C ɜ + 02DE ˞
02DF ˟ MODIFIER LETTER CROSS ACCENT• Swedish grave accent
02E0 ˠ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GAMMA• these modifier letters are occasionally used intranscription of affricates≈ <super> 0263 ɣ
02E1 ˡ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L≈ <super> 006C l
02E2 ˢ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S≈ <super> 0073 s
02E3 ˣ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL X≈ <super> 0078 x
02E4 ˤ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL
STOP≈ <super> 0295 ʕ
Tone letters
02E5 ˥ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR
02E6 ˦ MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR

The Unicode Standard, Version 16.0, Copyright © 1991-2024 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved.

02E7

02E7
02E8
02E9

Spacing Modifier Letters

02FF

˧ MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR
˨ MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR
˩ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR

Extended Bopomofo tone marks
02EA ˪ MODIFIER LETTER YIN DEPARTING TONE MARK
02EB ˫ MODIFIER LETTER YANG DEPARTING TONE
MARK
IPA modifiers
02EC ˬ MODIFIER LETTER VOICING
02ED ˭ MODIFIER LETTER UNASPIRATED→ A78A ꞊ modifier letter short equals sign
Other modifier letter
02EE ˮ MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE• Nenets
UPA modifiers
02EF ˯ MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOWN ARROWHEAD
02F0 ˰ MODIFIER LETTER LOW UP ARROWHEAD
02F1 ˱ MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT ARROWHEAD
02F2 ˲ MODIFIER LETTER LOW RIGHT ARROWHEAD
02F3 ˳ MODIFIER LETTER LOW RING
→ 0325 $̥ combining ring below
02F4 ˴ MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE GRAVE ACCENT
02F5 ˵ MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE GRAVEACCENT
02F6 ˶ MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE ACUTE
ACCENT
02F7 ˷ MODIFIER LETTER LOW TILDE
02F8 ˸ MODIFIER LETTER RAISED COLON
02F9 ˹ MODIFIER LETTER BEGIN HIGH TONE
02FA ˺ MODIFIER LETTER END HIGH TONE
02FB ˻ MODIFIER LETTER BEGIN LOW TONE
02FC ˼ MODIFIER LETTER END LOW TONE
02FD ˽ MODIFIER LETTER SHELF
02FE ˾ MODIFIER LETTER OPEN SHELF
02FF ˿ MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT ARROWThe Unicode Standard, Version 16.0, Copyright © 1991-2024 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved.

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