JCI Series No.19

SARVH

Copyright White Paper- A view from the perspective of copyright industries (Vol.3)-

August 2009

Japan Copyright InstituteCopyright Research and Information CenterCopyright White Paper

Preface

PrefaceThis third edition of the Copyright White Paper, subtitled “Economic Aspects of
the Copyright Industry,” has been released more than eight years since the publicationof the first edition in November 2000 and the second edition in March of 2005. As
reports of this nature are more valuable when published in series rather than as
one-off publications, our initial intention was to release a revised white paper every
three years. We regret that due to circumstances beyond our control, however, many
years have passed before we were finally able to release this new edition.
The preface to the November 2000 edition notes a comment by Taichi Sakaiya, thethen-Minister of Economic Planning, which was published in the Economic Survey ofJapan 2000: “...Japan, a leader in developing a hardware-focused industrial society
based on standardized mass production, remained the most advanced country in theworld in the development and application of control technology. It lagged behind in theinformatization process, however, due to its failure to transform social mindsets,practices and frameworks that were focused on the standardized mass production
system.”Japan’s economic growth rate, 3.8% in 1991, fell to -2.8% in 1998. The expansionof the Internet reversed this economic trend, as sales of personal computers finallysurpassed those of televisions in 1999 and the popularity of cell phones began to growdramatically. To support this development, the first edition of this white paper reported
that Japan’s copyright industry represented 2.3% (later revised to 2.5% after further
review) of the GDP in 1998.
The Basic Law for Building an Advanced Info-Communications Network Society
was established in December 2000, shortly after the publication of the first edition. The
government also launched the IT Strategy Headquarters in January 2001, indicating
the pivotal role that IT businesses had acquired in key national strategies. At that time,
while Japan's declining production output finally bottomed out and the economy pulled
out of recession, the recovery was still slow and modest. Against this backdrop, the IT
industry became a driving force behind national economic and industrial growth.
Pursuant to Article 8 of the Basic Law on Science and Technology, in June 2004
the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology released the third
annual report on progress in science and technology industries for 2003. The reportrefers to the 21st century as a century of intelligence that sees the establishment of aknowledge-based society. Through the publication of our white papers, we share thesame intention with the ministry; being able to promote and contribute to theestablishment of such a society. In the second edition, we reported on the increasingly
strong role the copyright industry plays in Japan’s economy, noting that the industry
represented 3.0 % of the GDP in 2002. The industry achieved a remarkable annualCopyright White Paper

Prefacegrowth rate of 7.1% over the eight years between 1994 and 2002, while the GDP
managed only 1.8% in average annual growth. In 2007, the industry represented 3.4%of the GDP and recorded an average annual growth rate of 5.2%, while the rate of GDP
growth again remained at 1.8%. In 2008, the government’s intellectual property
strategy headquarters recommended a study on a legal system that could flexibly
address the needs of the digital business market and innovative business models.
With the publication of this third edition of the Copyright White Paper, thefollowing facts must be mentioned.
The first edition was published in 2000 and the second edition was published in
2005. As these types of reports are intended to be published sequentially, it is ideal for
all the reports to be created in an identical format. The U.S. and countries in the EU,
Asia and Oceania also publish reports on the economic impact of the copyright industry.
Cross-national comparisons would be easier if an international reporting format
standard was established. In reality, however, each country used its own system andformulas that were not always compatible in terms of comparative study. In order toaddress the need for a uniform system, in 2003 the World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO) created the Guide on Surveying the Economic Contribution of the
Copyright-based Industries. Regrettably, we only became aware of the WIPO
guidelines when the process for the second edition was already well under way andwere unable to reflect them in our report at that time. The third edition, however, wasprepared using these guidelines. A translation of the WIPO guidelines, as well as fivereports on the correlation between the copyright industries and economies in othercountries, was released as a supplementary volume of the second edition in March
2005. It should be noted that our third edition also includes the WIPO guidelines(translated by Masahiro Miura) and reports from the U.S. (translated by Koji Abe) andthe EU (translated by Hiroko Takarada), all of which were prepared using the WIPO
guidelines.
We also followed WIPO’s recommendation to regard copyright management
organizations as an industry and included in the third edition are reviews on its
estimated economic value (value added) and impact on employment.
Due to timing issues, the third edition does not refer to the global economic
downturn triggered by the credit crisis in the U.S. caused by the subprime loan
collapse. The negative impact on Japan’s economy was of course inevitable, as the realannualized GDP growth rate between October and December 2008 was posted at a
shocking -12.1%. As the economic recovery is projected to take three years, thegovernment is said to have prepared a three-year emergency plan in March 2009,
which will also have an impact on employment figures. Once again, however, reviewson these issues are not included in the third edition for the aforementioned reason.

Copyright White Paper

PrefaceAs was the case with the supplementary volume of the second edition, we intend
to follow up on the third edition with translations of reports from the Philippines, theU.S., Canada, Hungary and various Arab nations, etc.
The publication of the third edition, as was the case with the first and second
editions, is in no small part attributable to the significant assistance provided by
Nomura Research Institute, Ltd., which included the collection and organization of thebase materials. We would like to note our deep appreciation for their contribution.
We would also like to express our gratitude to the Society for Administration of
Remuneration for Video Home Recording (SARVH) for providing financial assistancefor the publication of the third edition of the Copyright White Paper through its
common purpose fund, which promotes awareness of copyrights and related legal
systems.
June, 2009
Koji Abe
Director of the Japan Copyright InstituteCopyright Research and Information CenterCopyright White Paper

List of Committee Members

List of Committee Members
Chairman

Koji ABEDr.
jur.;
Emeritus
Professor,
Okayama
University; Chief Director, Japan CopyrightInstitute, Copyright Research and Information
CenterMemberYutaka KIMURA

Former Director, Copyright ResearchInformation Center [Until March 8, 2009]

Hiroshi SAITO

Dr. jur.; Lawyer; Emeritus Professor, Niigata
University

Nobuhiro NAKAYAMA

Professor, Meiji University; Emeritus Professor,
University of Tokyo; Lawyer; Of Counsel,
Nishimura & Asahi
Interim Chancellor, Executive Trustee, Aoyama
Gakuin Educational Foundation
Lawyer; Visiting Professor of Law, Chuo
University Law School

Masao HANDA
Masayuki MATSUDA

and

Nobuo MONYA

Dr. jur.; Professor of Law, Seikei Law School

Takeshi OHBAYASHIManaging Director, Japan Council of Performers'
Organizations

Hiromi KAWAKAMI

Director, Japanese Society for Rights of Authors,
Composers and Publishers

Kenji TAKASUGIBoard of Director, Secretary General, Recording
Industry Association of Japan

Japan Copyright Institute
Hiroko TAKARADA

Research Fellow

Masashi YOKOYAMA Research Fellow
Copyright Research and Information Center (CRIC)
Hidetoshi KASUGA
Secretary General
Hitoshi KITAMURA

Deputy Secretary General

Hiroshi IKEDA

Manager of Business Management Section

Nomura Research Institute, Ltd.,
Hideki MATSUO
Hiroyuki NITTO
Takashi KOBAYASHI
Ryo MORITA

Copyright White Paper

Table of Contents

Copyright White Paper- A view from the perspective of copyright industries (Vol.3)-

Preface
List of Committee Members

Part I: Study Overview

Chapter 1: Copyright White Paper Third Edition: Study Results Summary .......................... 1
I

Summaries of previous Copyright White Papers.......................................................... 1

II

Key issues raised in Copyright White Paper, second edition, concerning futurestudies ...................................................................................................................................... 2III

Copyright White Paper, third edition: areas of study .................................................. 3

１．

Compliance with WIPO guidelines............................................................................ 3

２．

Newly-added areas of study....................................................................................... 4

Chapter 2: Copyright White Paper third edition: study results summary ............................ 5
I

JCI-classified Copyright Industries: study results summary ...................................... 5

II

JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries: study results summary ............................. 6
１．

Total value added and workforce............................................................................... 6２．

Foreign trade .............................................................................................................. 6

III

JCI-classified Inter-dependent copyright industry: study results summary.............. 8

１．

Total value added and workforce............................................................................... 8２．

Foreign trade .............................................................................................................. 8IV

Compliance with WIPO guidelines: study results summary ....................................... 9Part Ⅱ: Study Results and Estimation Method of JCI-classified Copyright Industries

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries ....................................... 10
I

Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries ............................................... 10
１．

Scale of JCI-classified copyright industry............................................................... 10

２．

Positioning of the copyright industry in the national economy............................. 11

３．

Positioning of the JCI-classified core copyright industry as a business industry....
................................................................................................................................... 12

４．
IIGrowth factors for JCI-classified core copyright industry ..................................... 13

Preconditions in estimation of the scale of the core copyright industry ................... 15
１．

Indicators for the scale of the core copyright industry........................................... 15２．

Classification of the core copyright industries ....................................................... 18

III

Estimation method of the scale of the core copyright industries............................... 20

Copyright White Paper

Table of Contents

１．

Data used in estimation ........................................................................................... 20

２．

Estimation policy ...................................................................................................... 23

３．

Preconditions of statistics ........................................................................................ 24

４．

Key issues and suggestions concerning future studies .......................................... 25

５．

Types of estimation method for each industry sector ............................................ 26

６．

Calculation procedure for value-added ................................................................... 94

７．

Deflator for statistical values ................................................................................ 100

Chapter 4: Overview of JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries .................. 103
I

Definitions of JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industries......................... 103
１．

II

Definitions of JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industries .................... 103

Overview on Scale of JCI-classified Inter-Dependent Copyright Industries .......... 105
１．

Overview on Scale of JCI-classified Inter-Dependent Copyright Industries...... 105

２．

Positioning of JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industry in the national

economy............................................................................................................................ 107
３．
III

Growth factors for JCI-classified core copyright industry ................................... 108

Estimation method of the scale of JCI-classified inter-dependent copyrightindustries ............................................................................................................................. 110
１．

Data used in estimation ......................................................................................... 110２．

Preconditions of statistics ...................................................................................... 110

３．

Calculation method of the Value of products........................................................ 110

４．

Estimation method of the Value-added................................................................. 111

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries ................ 115
III

A workforce overview of JCI-classified core copyright industries ........................... 115
１．

JCI-classified core copyright industry workforce ................................................. 115

２．

Positioning of the copyright industry in the national workforce......................... 116

３．

Positioning of JCI-classified core copyright industry as a industry.................... 117

４．

Growth factors for JCI-classified core copyright industry ................................... 118

JCI-classified core copyright industry workforce study methodologies .................. 119
１．

Data used for estimate ........................................................................................... 119

２．

Estimate methodologies ......................................................................................... 119

３．

Preconditions of statistics ...................................................................................... 120

４．

Specific Estimation Method for Each Industrial Sector ...................................... 120

Chapter 6: Overview on Workforce in JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries................................................................................................................................... 160
I

Overview on workforce in JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industries .... 160
１．

Workforce scale of JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industries ............ 160

Copyright White Paper

２．

Table of Contents

Positioning of JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industry in Japan ’ sworkforce.......................................................................................................................... 162
３．

Factors causing a downsize of workforce scale in JCI-classified inter-dependent

copyright industry ........................................................................................................... 163
II

Methodologies to measure the scale of JCI-classified inter-dependent copyrightindustry ................................................................................................................................ 165
１．

Data used for estimate ........................................................................................... 165

２．

Precondition of estimation ..................................................................................... 165

３．

Methodologies to calculate number of workforce ................................................. 165

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry ...................................... 166
I

Definitions of foreign trade in the copyright industry ............................................. 166
１．

Definitions of copyright trade ................................................................................ 166

２．

Definitions of copyright trade in commercial products ........................................ 170

II

Details for copyright industry trade value estimates............................................... 178

III

Scale of copyright industry foreign trade (Estimates).............................................. 181

１．

Scale of copyright trade.......................................................................................... 181

２．

Scale of copyright trade in commercial products.................................................. 183

Part Ⅲ: Study Results and Estimate Methodologies Based on WIPO Guidelines

Chapter 8: WIPO Guidelines and Studies Based on WIPO Guidelines ............................. 193
I

An overview of the WIPO guidelines ......................................................................... 193
１．

An overview of the WIPO guidelines..................................................................... 193

２．

WIPO guidelines: working group and completion time ....................................... 196

II

Policies on WIPO-classified core copyright industries ............................................. 197
１．

Definitions of WIPO-classified core copyright industries .................................... 197

２．

Policies on WIPO-classified core copyright industries ......................................... 199

３．

Outline of the survey on copyright collective management societies.................. 200

III

Policies on WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries ......................... 201

１．

Definitions of WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries ................ 201

２．

Policies on WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries..................... 202

Chapter 9 Outline of WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries ............................................. 204
I

Outline of WIPO-classified Core Copyright Industries ............................................ 204
１．

Scale of WIPO-classified copyright industry ........................................................ 204

２．

Positioning of WIPO-classified copyright industry in the national economy ..... 206

３．

Methodologies

toestimatetheindustrial

scale

of

copyright

collective

management societies ..................................................................................................... 208

Copyright White Paper

II

Table of Contents

Outline on WIPO-Classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries....................... 210
１．

Outline on WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries..................... 210

２．

Positioning of WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries in thenational economy............................................................................................................. 211
Chapter 10 Overview on Workforce in WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries .................. 213
I

Overview on Workforce in WIPO-Classified Core Copyright Industries................................ 213

１．

Workforce scale of WIPO-classified core copyright industries ............................ 213

２．

Positioning of Fiscal 2007 Workforce in WIPO-classified Core CopyrightIndustries in the National Workforce ............................................................................ 215
３．

Methodology to estimate workforce scale of copyright collective management

societies............................................................................................................................ 217
Ⅱ

Overview on Workforce Scale of WIPO-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries ..........
................................................................................................................................................... 218

１．

Workforce Scale of WIPO-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries ...... 218

２．

Positioning of workforce in WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries

in the national workforce................................................................................................ 219
Part Ⅳ: Data

Chapter 11 Data ..................................................................................................................... 220
I

Statistics and data used in the estimation................................................................ 220

Ⅱ

Correspondence between the classification of copyright industries and the JSIC.......
...................................................................................................................................... 255

Part I: Study Overview

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 1: Copyright White Paper third edition: study results summary

Part I: Study Overview
Chapter 1: Copyright White Paper Third Edition: Study Results Summary
I. Summaries of previous Copyright White Papers
The first edition, published in 2000, primarily focused on clarifying the copyrightindustry’s role within the framework of the national economy by identifying theindustry’s share of the GDP through statistical data analysis based on effective
economic evaluation methods.
The second edition released in 2005 focused on analyzing the annual trends ofvarious indices and the results of a comparative study based on the same methods usedin the first edition.
Copyright White Paper,First Edition
Year published
Studied period

Subtitle
Key points

2000
1994 to 1998 (5 years)
Industrial aspects of copyright- First quantitative analysis of
copyrighted works, which playvital roles in people's lives fromboth industrial and purely
cultural perspectives- Copyright industry represents
2.3% of GDP (1998)*- Study helped establish
evaluation benchmarks of
economic value (value added)

Estimatedfigures (see
note)

1998
- Value added: 12.3 trillion yen- GDP: 490.5 trillion yen- Copyright industry accounts for2.5% of GDP(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

1

Copyright White Paper,
Second Edition
2005
1994 to 2002 (9 years)
Growing status of copyrightindustry- The copyright industry has
become increasingly importantto the national economy,
representing 2.9% of GDP(2002)*- The copyright industry
continued to achieve highgrowth while the national
economy showed only modest
growth during the research
period- The market scale of the
copyright industry far exceeds
essential industries such as
electricity, iron and steel andautomobiles
2002- Value added: 15.4 trillion yen- GDP: 507.3 trillion yen- Copyright industry accounts for
3.0% of GDP

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 1: Copyright White Paper third edition: study results summary

Note: The value added figures and GDP originally reported were later revised after further
review to those indicated in the table; 2.5% (1998) and 3.0% (2002).

* Statistical amounts declared in the white papers are based on two types of values:
real value and nominal value. It should be stipulated that 2000 is being used as thebase year for the deflator to calculate the real value, and it should be noted “(At market
prices in calendar year of 2000)”.
II. Key issues raised in Copyright White Paper, second edition, concerning futurestudies
While the second edition was being developed, it was acknowledged that WIPO
had developed study guidelines for the copyright industry (the Guide on Surveying the
Economic Contribution of the Copyright-Based Industries; hereinafter the WIPO
guidelines). The reports from EU countries were created in conformity with the WIPO
guidelines (translated reports are available as a supplementary volume to the second
edition).
The WIPO guidelines suggest that the copyright industry’s role be assessed inbroader terms to include its contributions to national economies, such as providing
employment, in addition to the value added by the industry and it was recognized thatthe third edition and future publications should reflect this new approach.
(Note) Definition of copyright industries in the WIPO guideline (see page 193 for moredetails)
The WIPO guideline has defined the copyright industries in a broader sense, thatis, the copyright industries include the industrial segments that “inter-dependently”
relate to the copyright industries as well as those that directly engage in dealing withcopyright products. Specifically, the copyright industries include the business entities
that manufacture/ produce hardware devices indispensable to use of copyright products
as well as component units (parts) of such devices. The former is defined as the“core-copyright indutries”, and the latter is the “inter-dependent copyright industries”
in the WIPO guideline. According to the definition of the WIPO guideline definition,
the study reported in the first and second editions of the white paper focused on “added
values” of the “core-copyright industries.”2

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 1: Copyright White Paper third edition: study results summary

Although the concept to define the copyright industries defined in the first andsecond editions of the Copyright White Paper was same with the one for the definitionof the “core-copyright industries” in the WIPO guideline, the classification system ofindustrial segments are different as the former has different industrial structures fromthe latter.
In the White Paper (series), the classification of the “core-copyright industries”
will be referred as the “JCI classification” hereinafter after the abbreviation of theJapan Copyright Institute’s international name JCI (Japan Copyright Institute),
whereas the classification in the WIPO guideline will be the “WIPO classification.”

III. Copyright White Paper, third edition: areas of study
1. Compliance with WIPO guidelines
In the third edition of the Copyright White Paper, in compliance with the WIPO
guidelines, the areas of study have been expanded to include employment, as well as
foreign trades, in addition to value added. Value added and employment estimates also
use the WIPO guideline aggregate method for the purpose of cross comparison.

２．Inter-dependent copyright industry
１．Core Copyright Industry

Value added

3. Studies based on WIPO
Guideline (Part Ⅲ)

Workforce
Foreign Trade

Studies based on
JCI-classification (Part Ⅱ)

Areas of study in the first
and the second edition

Regarding the survey on added value and foreign trades, the areas of study havebeen expanded to include the “inter-dependnent copyright industries” in addition to the“core-copyright industries” under the definitions in the WIPO guideline.

3

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 1: Copyright White Paper third edition: study results summary

In this white paper, the first section of the second chapter reports the overall
study results, and the second section focuses on the study results under JCI
classifications while the third section reports the study results under WIPO
classification.
2. Newly-added areas of study
In the third edition of the Copyright White Paper, the photography business has
been newly included in the copyright classification system (the JCI classifications).
Although the photography business was excluded from the studies for the first andsecond editions due to limitations in data collection, the third edition now includes this
sector as the necessary data is now available and is in compliance with the new study
guidelines (see page 20 for more details). Accordingly, the JCI classification system now
consists of fifteen business areas.

4

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 2: Copyright White Paper third edition: study results summary

Chapter 2: Copyright White Paper third edition: study results summary
I. JCI-classified Copyright Industries: study results summary- Status of copyright industry grows with evolution to high value added sector[Summary of results]
The total value added in Japan’s copyright industry reached 19.326 trillion yen in2007 (unless otherwise specified, all figures are for 2007), representing 3.4% of thedomestic economy. The industry’s share in the national economy has grown over thelast decade by 0.9 points (2.5% in 1998) and the market scale of the copyright industry
far exceeds any other essential industry (total value added: base year=2000).
The industry has also become vital in terms of employment, as it accounts for
3.0% of all domestic jobs. With a 0.4 point increase over the last decade (2.6% in 1998),
the industry is increasingly recognized as a reliable generator of jobs.
The total value added by the industry significantly outpaces employment growth,
indicating that the industry has become a high value added sector.
The total value added in the manufacturing sector, which is closely tied to the
copyright industry (defined as an “inter-dependent copyright industry”), accounted for
1.3% of the GDP in 2007. This gives a combined share with the aforementioned core
copyright industry of 4.7% (2007), clearly highlighting the larger role that the industry
plays in the national economy.
Generating a wide range of economic effects in the manufacturing sector, Japan’s
copyright industry has evolved into a high value added business sector, becoming
increasingly vital to the national economy.
Additionally, the total service transactions of the industry represent 2.2% of thecredits (exports) and 7.7% of the debits (imports) in the domestic import and export
market. Imports have achieved higher growth than exports over the last decade andthis trend has also been seen in the goods trading and manufacturing sectors, which
are closely tied to the copyright industry.

5

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 2: Copyright White Paper third edition: study results summary

Ⅱ. JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries: study results summary
1. Total value added and workforce
The total value added in Japan’s copyright industry reached 19.326 trillion yen(base year 2000; the same hereafter) with a workforce of 1.909 million in 2007,
representing 3.4% and 3.0% of the domestic economy, respectively. As the level of thetotal value added share exceeds that of the workforce, the industry is considered a highvalue added sector.
The average annual growth rate for the total value added by the industry over theten years data was collected (1998 to 2007; the same hereafter) was more than fivetimes that of the workforce, thus indicating the recent shift in the copyright industry
toward a higher value-added model.
Figure 2-1 Total value added and workforce in core copyright industry
1998
Total value
added
Workforce

2007

Average annual
growth/total increase

12,276
2.5%

19,3263.4%

5.2%+0.9 point

Employed
workforce(1,000)

1,754

1,909

0.9%

% in total workforce

2.6%

3.0%

+0.4 point

Amount(in Bil. yen)

GDP ratio(%)(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)
2. Foreign trade
The total foreign trade of services in Japan’s copyright industry reached 319
billion yen in credits (exports) and 1,036 billion yen in debits (imports) in 2007,
representing 2.2% and 7.7 % of Japan’s international service transactions, respectively.
Over the ten years data was collected, the net balance of imports versus exports has
increased, as debits (imports) have expanded and credits (exports) have shrunk.
The total foreign trade of goods in Japan’s copyright industry reached 214 billion
yen in exports and 249 billion yen in imports in 2007, representing 0.3% and 0.5 % ofJapan’s international goods transactions, respectively. Over the ten years data wascollected, the pattern of exports being higher than imports has reversed, with exports
shrinking at a higher rate than imports.

6

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 2: Copyright White Paper third edition: study results summary

Figure 2-2 Foreign Trade of Services in core copyright industry
1998
Exports

Total trade ratio(%)

249
3.3%
860
6.6%

319
2.2%
1,036
7.7%

Amount(in Bil. yen)

-612

-717

Amount(in Bil. yen)

Total trade ratio(%)
Imports
Balance of
payments

Average annual
growth/total increase

2007

Amount(in Bil. yen)

2.8%
-1.1 point
2.1%+1.1 point(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)
Figure 2-3 Foreign Trade of Goods in core copyright industry
1998
Exports

Amount(in Bil. yen)

Total trade ratio(%)
Imports

Amount(in Bil. yen)

Total trade ratio(%)
Balance of
payments

Amount(in Bil. yen)

(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

7

Average annual
growth/total increase

2007

301
0.7%
268
0.9%

214
0.3%
249
0.5%

33

-35

-3.7%
-0.4 point-0.8%-0.4 point

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 2: Copyright White Paper third edition: study results summary

Ⅲ. JCI-classified Inter-dependent copyright industry: study results summary
1. Total value added and workforce
In 2007, the total value added and the workforce in the inter-dependent copyrightindustry accounted for 1.3% and 0.4% of the domestic economy, respectively. While thesignificant increase in total value added in the inter-dependent copyright industryreflected that of the core copyright industry, the workforce supporting the
manufacturing process was greatly reduced. As low value-added manufacturing isbeing outsourced overseas, Japan’s domestic production is becoming increasingly
specialized in high value-added products. The shift in the inter-dependent copyrightindustry toward a higher value-added model is progressing more rapidly than in thecore copyright industry.
Figure 2-4 Total value added and workforce in inter-dependent copyright industry
1998
Total value
added
Workforce

3,715
0.8%
399
0.6%

Amount(in Bil. yen)

GDP ratio(%)
Employed workforce(1,000)% in total workforce

2007
7,468
1.3%
275
0.4%

Average annual
growth/total increase

8.1%+0.5point-4.1%-0.2point(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

2. Foreign trade
The total foreign trade of goods in Japan’s inter-dependent copyright industry
reached 5.393 trillion yen in exports and 3.817 trillion yen in imports in 2007,
representing 6.7% and 7.1% of Japan’s international transactions, respectively. Overthe ten years for collecting data, imports have seen rapid growth while exports havedecreased.

8

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 2: Copyright White Paper third edition: study results summary

Figure 2-5 Foreign Trade of Goods in inter-dependent copyright industry
1998
Exports

Total trade ratio(%)

5,589
13.2%
2,743
8.8%

5,393
6.7%
3,817
7.1%

Amount(in Bil. yen)

2,847

1,576

Amount(in Bil. yen)

Total trade ratio(%)
Imports
Balance of
payments

Average annual
growth/total increase

2007

Amount(in Bil. yen)

-0.4%
-6.5 point
3.7%-1.8 point(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)
Ⅳ. Compliance with WIPO guidelines: study results summary
In 2007, the total value added and the workforce in Japan’s core copyrightindustries defined according to the WIPO classifications accounted for 3.0% and 2.2% of
the domestic economy, respectively. The figures are smaller than those for the
JCI-classified copyright industries. Similar discrepancies can be found in theinter-dependent copyright industry categories. This is due to the fact that, when
considering Japan’s economic actuality, the range of business sectors included under
the WIPO copyright industry classifications is more limited than the range under the
JCI classifications (see page 199 for more details).
Figure 2-6 WIPO-classified total value added and workforce in core copyright industry
1998
Total value
added
Workforce

Average annual
growth/total increase2007

10,6092.2%

17,1233.0%

5.5%+0.8 point

Employed
workforce(1,000)

1,168

1,435

2.3%

% in total workforce

1.8%

2.2%

+0.4 point

Amount(in Bil. yen)

GDP ratio(%)(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)
Figure 2-7 WIPO-classified total value added and workforce in inter-dependent copyright industry

1998
Total value
added
Workforce

Average annual
growth/total increase

2007

3,417
0.7%

6,674
1.2%

7.7%
+0.5 point

Employed
workforce(1,000)

358

228

-4.9%

% in total workforce

0.5%

0.4%

-0.1 point

Amount(in Bil. yen)

GDP ratio(%)(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

9

Part Ⅱ: Study Results and Estimation Method of
JCI-classified Copyright Industries

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Part Ⅱ: Study Results and Estimation Method of JCI-classified CopyrightIndustries
Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries
I. Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries
1. Scale of JCI-classified copyright industry
In fiscal 2007, the copyright industry in Japan reached an estimated scale of50,111 billion yen in terms of the value of products and 19,326 billion yen in terms ofthe value added (based on market prices in calendar year of 2000). By “JCI-classified
industry”, (which is a classification sector of the copyright industry under theclassification criteria defined by the Japan Copyright Institute), the computer software
industry ranked first in terms of the value added, with 61.4% of share in total, followed
in order by the printing industry ranks second, followed in order by the broadcasting
and advertising industry.
Figure 3-1 Scale of JCI-classified core copyright industry (Fiscal 2007)(Billion yen)
Value of
Products

Value-added
Value

Share

１

Printing and Publishing

5,738

1,562

8.1%

２

Computer Software

26,987

11,857

61.4%

３

Broadcasting

4,104

1,418

7.3%

４

Transmission

2,390

769

4.0%

５

Advertising

3,628

759

3.9%

６

Music

625

155

0.8%

７

Motion Picture

1,002

324

1.7%

８

Photography

439

268

1.4%

９

Legitimate Theater

686

176

0.9%

979

433

2.2%

1,583

557

2.9%

12 Design

677

413

2.1%

13 Architecture

848

461

2.4%

10 Game Software
11 Entertainment Facilities

10

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

14 Libraries and Museum

419

172

0.9%

15 Authors and Artists

6

3

0.0%

50,111

19,326100.0%

Copyright Industry

2. Positioning of the copyright industry in the national economy
The total of 19,326 billion yen in value-added produced by the copyright industry
in fiscal 2007 represents 3.4% of the gross domestic product (GDP).
As the industry produced value-added of 12,276 billion yen in fiscal 1998, theaverage annual growth was 5.2% over the intervening years. Over the same period(fiscal 1998 - 2007), the GDP increased at a corresponding rate of 1.8%. As a result, theproportion of the copyright industry in the GDP substantially rose from the level of
2.5% recorded in fiscal 1998. In addition, it has increased by 0.4 point from that of 3.0%
in the previous study (fiscal 2002.)
Figure 3-2 Positioning of the JCI-classified core copyright industry
in the national economy(Billion yen)
25,0004.0%

Overall Copyright Industry
GDP share (%)

3.5%

20,0003.0%

2.5%

15,0002.0%
10,000

1.5%

1.0%
5,000
0.5%

0
1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

11

2004

2005

2006

0.0%
2007 (Fiscal Year)

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries(Billion yen)
Average annual

1998

2002

2007

a) JCI-classified core
copyright industry

12,276

15,43019,3265.2%b) GDP

490,499507,265

575,343

1.8%

2.5%

3.0%

3.4%

GDP share(a/b)

Growth rate

(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)
Source: GDP, “Annual Report on National Income” (Economic and Social ResearchInstitute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan) (fixed for fiscal 2007)

3. Positioning of the JCI-classified core copyright industry as a business industry
In fiscal 2007, the value-added produced by Japan’s copyright industry amounted
to 19,326 billion yen. As compared to the corresponding amount of value-added
generated in other major industries, this was more than four times as much as in theiron and steel industry (a leading key manufacturing industry; 4,466 billion yen), andfar higher than those in other key industries such as the telecommunication industry(10,037 billion yen) and the electrical power industry (9,921 billion yen) and thetransport equipment industry including automobiles (17,124 billion yen.)
As for growth capability, the copyright industry grew at average annual rate of
5.2% over fiscal years 1998 – 2007. Although this is not as high as that in thetransportation equipments including automobiles, which has indicated a remarkable
growth in these years (average annual growth rate: 6.5%), it approaches that level.
Figure 3-3 Comparison with other major industries for value-added(Billion yen)
1998

2007

Average Annual

Industry Scale

Growth Rate

GDP share

Agriculture

6,450

6,459

0.0%

1.1%

Food

14,716

14,281

-0.3%

2.5%

Iron and steel

4,517

4,466

-0.1%

0.8%

Transportation Equipment

9,731

17,124

6.5%

3.0%

Electric Power

8,843

9,921

1.3%

1.7%

Telecommunication

10,037

12,8292.8%

2.2%

Copyright Industry

12,276

19,326

5.2%

3.4%

12

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Note: Figures for GDP share are as of fiscal 2007
Source: GDP, “Annual Report on National Income” (Economic and Social ResearchInstitute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan) (fixed for fiscal 2007)

4. Growth factors for JCI-classified core copyright industry
A look at the growth in the copyright industry by industrial sector reveals thatnearly 90 percent (i.e., 88.7%) of this growth derives from the computer software sector.
In addition, the transmission sector accounts for 6.5 %, followed by broadcasting at
3.7 %, and advertising sector at 3.0%.
Looking at change of share in the overall values, the computer software segment
has remarkably increased its share from 45.7% to 61.4%. Conversely, the corresponding
rate of the printing and publishing sector has significantly decreased from 14.6% to
8.1%.
Figure 3-4 Trend of value-added by JCI-classified copyright industry(Billion yen)
1998

2007

Increasein thevalue
added

Rate ofcontribution

Value

Share

Value

Share

１

Printing andPublishing

1,795

14.6%

1,562

8.1%

-233

-3.3%

２

Computer Software

5,605

45.7%

11,857

61.4%

6,252

88.7%

３

Broadcasting

1,160

9.5%

1,418

7.3%

257

3.7%

４

Transmission

310

2.5%

769

4.0%

459

6.5%

５

Advertising

545

4.4%

759

3.9%

215

3.0%

６

Music

179

1.5%

155

0.8%

-24

-0.3%

７

Motion Picture

396

3.2%

324

1.7%

-72

-1.0%

８

Photocopy

347

2.8%

268

1.4%

-80

-1.1%

９

Legitimate Theater

182

1.5%

176

0.9%

-7

-0.1%

10 Game SoftwareEntertainment
11 Facilities

234

1.9%

433

2.2%

198

2.8%

506

4.1%

557

2.9%

51

0.7%

12 Design

286

2.3%

413

2.1%

127

1.8%

13 Architecture
Libraries and
14 Museums

538

4.4%

461

2.4%

-77

-1.1%

185

1.5%

172

0.9%

-12

-0.2%

13

Copyright White Paper

Authors and
15 Artists
Copyright Industry

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

7

0.1%

3

0.0%

-4

-0.1%

12,276100.0%

19,326100.0%

7,050

100.0%(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)
Note: Rate of contribution = increase in the value-added in one sector/ increase in thevalue-added in the overall industry

14

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

II. Preconditions in estimation of the scale of the core copyright industry
1. Indicators for the scale of the core copyright industry
This survey is aimed at clarifying the positioning of the copyright industry in thedomestic economy. Accordingly, the primary objective is to calculate the industry’s
share in the GDP, which is the most generally used indicator for the scale of a national
economy.
It goes without saying that, in a calculation of the industry’s share in the GDP, thedenominator will be the GDP as the total amount of value-added produced in Japan.
Consequently, estimation of the scale of the copyright industry must also be based onvalue-added.
1) Definition of value-added
The term “value-added” is defined as follows in National Economic Accounting:
Value-added = Output at producers’ values* - Intermediate input*Value of products, sales proceeds, business income, etc.
Output at products’ value is an expression of the value of goods and services
produced at market prices. In other words, it indicates the value of all goods andservices produced in the country in terms of market prices. Intermediate input
indicates the intermediate products utilized for the production.
Accordingly, the “value-added” generated in a specific industrial segment isseparately calculated without double counting even when aggregated the value-added
generated in various industrial segments since the output at producers’ values realized
in other industrial segments has been excluded in this calculation.
* Market prices: prices are determined when products are traded in the market.
Market prices mean values evaluated at the market. Therefore, no value-added will be
accounted unless the products are traded in the market.
2) Composition of value-added
Value-added is calculated in the "Annual Report on National Income Statistics"(Economic Planning Agency), which naturally does not have a separate class for the15

Copyright White Paper

copyright industry.

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Therefore, copyright industry value-added must be estimatedusing other statistical data and various surveys.
However, other statistics generally do not present data directly for value-added,
and this makes it necessary to compile data needed for calculation of value-added.
The Value-added is also calculated by the following formula (2) as well as the one
indicated above (1)..
Value-added (1) = Output at producers' values - Intermediate input
Value-added (2) = Operating surplus + Compensation of Employees + Consumption of
Fixed capital + (Indirect taxes - Subsidies)(Value-added (1) = Value-added (2))
If data on value-added is no available, value-added is basically calculated by theformula (2) using “Operating surplus” and “Compensation of Employees”. In thisformula, deduction of consumption of fixed capital yields the net value-added, anddeduction of subsidies from indirect taxes, net indirect taxes.
Besides wages, allowances, bonuses, and other such cash payments, compensationof employees includes all sorts of fringe benefits and employee contributions to social
security funds (health insurance associations, pension funds, etc.) and to otherpayments (retirement lump-sum grants, retirement pensions, etc.).

16

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries(Reference information) GDP and GNP[Gross domestic product (GDP)]The concept "domestic" is restricted in scope to economic principals residing
within the national borders, and concerns mainly production activities.

For example,

it includes the Japanese subsidiaries of foreign firms as principals engaged in
production activities within Japan, and excludes the subsidiaries of Japanese firms inother countries.
The gross domestic product is the total amount of value-added created as a resultof the production activities of resident producers, i.e., companies, general governments,
and private non-profit institutions serving households.
[Gross national product (GNP)]
The concept "national" is restricted in scope to principals residing within thenational borders, i.e., companies, general governments, private non-profit institutions
serving households, and individuals.

The individuals in question are basically all

those who have resided for at least one year in the country in question, regardless of
their nationality.
The gross national product is the total amount of income received by theseresident principals, and adds net factor income received from other countries(compensation of employees, investment return, and other property income andentrepreneurial income) to the gross domestic product.
*Factor income: value of products minus intermediate input, consumption of fixed
capital, and indirect taxes
Source: "Annual Report on National Income Statistics" (Economic and Social ResearchInstitute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan)

17

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

2. Classification of the core copyright industries
Due to the addition of the photography sector, the copyright industry was divided
into 15 sectors instead of the 14 in the second edition.

Copyright industry activities in

the photography sector consist of economic activities related to trading commercial
photos and providing services to take photos at photo studio.
Figure 3-5 Copyright industry classification (JCI classification) criteria
Classification for Copyright Industry
1)Printing and Publishing(1)Newspaper publishing(2)Book and Journal Publishing(3)Printing (Newspaper and Book)

2)Computer Software(1)Software(2)Data Processing/ Providing Service3)Broadcasting(1)Public Broadcasting (Radio and Television)(2)Private Broadcasting (Radio and Television)(3)Cable Broadcasting4)Transmission(1)Internet Transmission(2)Mobile Telephone Networks Transmission5)Advertising(1)Commercial art and Graphic design(2)Display

6)Music(1)Records, CDs and Tapes(2)Record and CD rental(3)Music Publishing7)Motion Picture(1)Movie, Home video and TV program production(2)Video Rental

8) Photography(1) Photos9)Legitimate Theater(1)Movie Theater(2)Theater(3)Theatrical company, band and orchestra

10)Game Software(1)Game software11)Entertainment(1)Amusement Arcade

Facilities(2)Karaoke Box(3)Theme Park

12)Design(1)Design

18

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries13)Architecture(1)Architectural Design14)Libraries and Museums(1)Libraries(2)Museums and Art galleries15)Authors and Artists(1)Authors and Artists, Musician* In this survey, all products which are traded in the wholesaling and tradingindustries such as books, records, etc., do not include an increase of value added in the
trading processes (namely, several market places are involved in trading goods fromshipment by a manufacturer to sales at a retail shop).

19

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Ⅲ. Estimation method of the scale of the core copyright industries
1. Data used in estimation
The Research Institute intends to make general publication of the results of thissurvey and to implement it on a regular basis. The data employed in estimation
therefore must be equipped with reliability secured by an official nature and survey
continuity.
1) JSIC (Standard Industrial Classification for Japan)
Data equipped with the aforementioned reliability and continuity are drawn fromnational specified statistics and other statistical documents prepared by official entities.
These statistics are compiled in line with the JSIC established by the Statistics Bureau,
Management and Coordination Agency.
The various statistical work performed in this survey followed the JSIC (the latest
installment was published in March 2002).
2) Basic statistics
Many of the copyright industries under JCI classification are categorized in the
manufacturing or service sector in the JSIC. The estimates in this study are based onthe "Census of Manufactures", which is one of the documents of national specified
statistics for economic activities in the manufacturing sector, and the "Survey on
Service Industries”, which sets forth corresponding statistics for the service sector.
These two sources are collectively referred to as "basic statistics".

-

Census of Manufactures (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)-

Survey on Service Industries (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)3) Supplementary statistics
While the basic statistics are compiled in accordance with the JSIC, the "Survey
on Service Industries" handles data only down to the JSIC group level.

In addition, inthe case of some classes, the JSIC includes economic activities outside the scope of the
copyright industry. Consistency in compilation consequently demands supplementation

20

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

with other statistics.
Because of their use to supplement the basic statistics, these sources arecollectively referred to as "supplementary statistics".
As in the case of the basic statistics, efforts were made to use supplementary
statistics judged to have the best potential as regards official reliability and regular
implementation.
・Annual Report on National Income Statistics (Economic and Social ResearchInstitute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan)
・Survey of Selected Service Industries (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)・Statistics from Analysis of Corporate Financial Statements (Teikoku Databank,
Ltd.)・Survey on the Telecommunications Industry (Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications)・Survey of Information and Communication Industry (Ministry of Internal Affairs
and Communications)・White Paper on the Printing Industry (Japan Association of Graphic Arts
Technology)
・Leisure White Paper (Japan Productivity Center for Socio-Economic Development)
・CESA Game White Paper (CESA: Computer Entertainment Software Association)
・Karaoke White Paper (All-Japan Karaoke Industrialist Association)
・RIAJ Year Book -A brief description of the Japanese Recording Industry(Recording Industry Association of Japan)
・Survey on CD rental store (Recording Industry Association of Japan)
・Statistics on Construction undertaken (Ministry of Land Infrastructure andTransport)
・Cost Analysis Information for Building Works (Management Research Society for
Construction Industry)・Statistics on Libraries in Japan (Japan Library Association)
・Museum White Paper (Japan Association of Museums)
・Radio & Television Yearbook (Japan Broadcasting Corporation: NHK)・JapanCommercial

Broadcasting

Yearbook(The

National

AssociationofCommercial Broadcasters in Japan)
・Public Welfare and Health Cost Survey (Japan Business Federation)
・Data provided by JASRAC (Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers andPublishers: JASRAC)

21

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

・Data provided by MPA (Music Publishers Association of Japan: MPA)
・Survey on Amusement Industries (JAMMA, AOU, NSA)
・Financial Statement Report (Ministry of Finance)

22

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

2. Estimation policy
Japan’s basic statistics are compiled using formulas that are in compliance with
the Japan Standard Industry Classification (JSIC). The Manufacturing Census uses
the T-category classification and the Survey of Service Industries uses the S-categoryclassification, both of which are components of the JSIC system.

Type1) Basic statistics typeFigure 3-6 Estimation policy
Situation(for the industry in question)

Estimation method

There is an agreement between the Estimation of both the Value of
copyright

industryclassification products and value-added fromused in this survey and the JSIC the basic statistics.
classes.

2) Basic statistics plus There is not an agreement between Estimation

of

the

Value

of

supplementarythestatistics typeclassification used in this survey the supplementary statistics, andcopyright

industry products through extraction fromand the JSIC classes, but a single estimation of value-added fromindustrial

class

in

the

basic the basic statistics.

statistics consists of industries withan analogous cost structure.

3) Supplementary

There is not an agreement between Estimation

statistics typethe

copyright

supplementary

the JSIC classes, and no single estimation
class

the

Value

of

industry products through extraction fromclassification used in this study and theindustrial

of

in

the

value-addedbybasic application of the Value-added

statistics bears a relation to the rate
subject industries.

ofstatistics;(derivedfromfinancialstatement

reports)forrepresentative

firms

in

the

the

Value

of

industries.
(Special type)

Estimationof

There are no data for estimation of products from the supplementary
value-added by the methods noted statistics;
above.

estimationofvalue-added by application of theValue-added rate for the service
industry as a whole.

`Value-added Rate: the rate of value-added in the value of products

23

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

1) Basic statistics
The basic statistical data used in this study to identify the scale of the copyrightindustry is from the Manufacturing Census and the Survey of Service Industries,
which include production value and total value added figures. Such figures can be useddirectly to calculate the production value and the total value added for this study when
the JCI classifications match the JSIC classifications for the data. The printing sectorof the copyright industry in this study, for example, matches Category 1610: Printing in
the Manufacturing Census and the data can be used as is.

2) Basic statistics plus supplementary statistics (Combined statistics)
When the JCI classifications for this study and the JSIC classifications for thebasic statistics do not match, the value-added rate of a business category with a similar
cost structure in the basic statistics can still be applied for this study. For example,
value-added rates for the rental recording and video sectors can be calculated using
Category 88A: Audio Visual Recordings Rental in the Survey of Service Industries.

3) Supplementary statistics type
When there is no consistency between the classification used in the basic statistics
and JCI classification, and it is not possible to make an estimate with manipulating thedata of the former, the Value of products is estimated using supplementary statistics.
In case that no industry sector with an analogous cost structure is available in thebasic statistics, the value-added rate is estimated using supplementary statistics orfinancial statement report of a leading enterprise in the concerned industry (morespecifically, listed enterprises, those preparing for listing, and those that otherwise
make continuous disclosure.) However, when there is no enterprise making continuous
disclosure in the industry, the value-added rate for the entire service sector was used
for that in said industry.

3. Preconditions of statistics
All estimates are calculated on a fiscal year basis.

24

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

4. Key issues and suggestions concerning future studies
Despite the fact that Japan’s national policy advocates intellectual property
driven nation building, statistical data concerning the copyright industry has, in fact,
several flaws. The following issues were noted while conducting the study in order tomore precisely identify the scale of the copyright industry.
1) Issues derived from the characteristics of Survey of Selected Service Industries
The study uses data from the Survey of Selected Service Industries to analyze
various business sectors. Supplemental estimates to complete figures in the basic
statics, such as the Survey of Service Industries, were not conducted, however. As such,the study report cites the raw total figures for annual sales and employment. Thisposes a problem as such figures can fluctuate widely as the number of establishments
surveyed changes.
2) Issues derived from changes of target business sectors in Survey of Selected Service
Industries
The target business sectors in the Survey of Selected Service Industries change
every year due to on-going consolidation or the elimination of existing sectors or theestablishment of new categories. For example, the information service sector, which
existed up until 2005, was divided into two sectors: software and information
processing/providing services in 2006. Sectors such as movie and performance theaters
were eliminated in 2004. As the restructuring and alteration of business sectors isfrequently implemented, the consistency of surveys is not ensured, thus making
convoluted methods of estimation inevitable.
3) Issues derived from classification in Balance of Overseas Payments
As Balance of Overseas Payments provides only statistics by service type, it is notpossible to obtain further detailed data such as estimates of value-added and workforce
by industry.
For example, in Balance of Overseas Payments, payments in the sector ofculture-performance and legitimate-theater service are divided broadly into two
categories, that is, “expense related to operating culture-performance or legitimate
theater” and “production cost, rental charge, and operating/broadcasting fee ofaudio/visual media including films and tapes”. In JCI classification, this balance25

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

represents the aggregation of payments accounted in two different sectors of“Legitimate Theater” and “Motion Picture”. As it was not possible to analyze such data
in detail, however, estimation of service-imports/exports by industry was unavailable.
In addition, there is another issue of unclear expressions in the statistics items. For
example, the “Industrial Right” of the item of “Usage Charge of Industrial Right &Mining Right” in Balance of Payments means the industrial property rights (that is,patent, utility model, design, and trademark rights.) On the other hand, as the word of“Industrial Right” is not common in the copyright business area, even experts in thisarea are difficult to define it. It is desirable to use an item, which is recognizable ineach industry.
4) Issues derived from the item classification of Foreign Trade Statistics
Items of Foreign Trade Statistics are not classified under the concept of copyrighted
works. For example, in the item of “Disk, Tape, Nonvolatile Semiconductor Storage,
Smart-card and Other Media”, both recorded and unrecorded media are included. In
this case, it was not possible to isolate the data on recorded media since nosupplementary statistics was available.
Considered the points indicated in the above items 3) and 4), it is desirable toredefine the items used in Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade Statistics reflected
the current conditions of copyright industry.

5. Types of estimation method for each industry sector
Figure 3-7 shows the relationship between JCI classification and the types of
estimation method employed for each contingent industry.

26

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Figure 3-7 Types of Estimation Method by JCI classification sector
JCI classification
1)Printing andPublishing2)Computer
SoftwareDescription

Estimation type(1)Newspaper publishing

Supplementary(2)Book and Journal Publishing

Supplementary(3)Printing (Newspaper and Book)

Combined type(1)Software

Basic(2)Data Processing & Information

Basic

Provision3)Broadcasting(1)Public Broadcasting

Supplementary(Radio and Television)(2)Private Broadcasting

Supplementary(Radio and Television)4)Transmission(3)Cable Broadcasting

Supplementary(1)Internet Transmission

Supplementary(2)Mobile Telephone Networks

Supplementary

Transmission5)Advertising
6)Music

7)Motion Picture(1)Commercial art and Graphic design Supplementary(2)Display

Supplementary (Special)(1)Records, CDs and Tapes

Supplementary(2)Record and CD rental

Combined(3)Music Publishing

Supplementary(1)Movie, Home video and TV

Supplementary

program production(2)Video Rental

Combined

8) Photography(1) Photography

Basic9)Legitimate(1)Movie Theater

Combined(2)Theater

Supplementary(3)Theatrical company, band andCombined

Theaterorchestra10)Game Software(1)Game software

Supplementary11)Entertainment(1)Amusement Arcade

Basic

Facilities(2)Karaoke Box

Supplementary(3)Theme Park

Combined12)Design(1)DesignBasic13)Architecture(1)Architectural Design

Combined27

Copyright White Paper

14)Libraries andMuseums
15)Authors andChapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries(1)Libraries

Combined(2)Museums and Art galleries

Supplementary (Special)(1)Authors and Artists, Musician

Basic

Artists* Treatments of data in case where statistics is not issued, disclosed, or tallied.
This survey was conducted in order to measure the scale of copyright industry forten years from fiscal year 1998 to 2007. However, it was not always all data wereavailable in each fiscal year for all sectors due to lack of issued (or disclosed) data or
tallied data. In such case, we have applied either method as indicated below as asupplemental measure to cover statistics, which were not issued (or disclosed), or
tallied, in each industry, and/or in each fiscal year.
* Used an average of annual growth rates, which were available during the concerned
fiscal years.
* Used an average of annual growth rates in the industries, with which the concerned
industry is likely to indicate a similar growth rate.

28

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

1) Printing and Publishing Industry(1) Newspaper publishing (Supplementary statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey of Selected Service Industries
××(Newspaper & Publishing industries)
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements
Total Sales of Newspaper Companies (NSK)
✓
✓
○

2005

2006

2007

✓

×

×

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Estimation of Value of products〔Formula〕Value of products = Value of Shipment A
a Annual Sales:
Annual Sales of Newspaper Industry in “Survey of Selected Service Industries”○

Estimation of Value-added〔Formula〕Value-added = Sales A – Operating expenses B + Compensation of
Employees C + Depreciation expense D + Indirect taxes E

A Sales:
Annual Sales Newspaper Industry in “Survey of Selected Service Industries”
B Operating expenses:
Annual Operating Expenses of Newspaper Industry in “Survey of Selected
Service Industries”
C Compensation of Employees:
Total Wages & Salaries Paid of Newspaper Industry in “Survey of Selected Service
Industries”
D Depreciation expense〔Formula〕Depreciation expense = Value of products a × Depreciation rate b
a Value of products:
Annual Sales Newspaper Industry in “Survey of Selected Service Industries”
b Depreciation rate:
Depreciation

ratio

to

sales

of Newspaper

Industryin“Censusof

Manufactures”
E Indirect taxes:
Annual Sales Newspaper Industry in “Survey of Selected Service Industries” ×5%29

Copyright White Paper○

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Compensation for statistical data
The “Survey of Selected Service Industries” is published once every five years, andthe fiscal 2005 edition is the most recent. Data for fiscal 2003, 2004 and 2006 andpreceding years are estimates made by applying the change rate of

the scale ofnewspaper industry market over the previous fiscal year, based on the data disclosed
by NSK.
Figure 3-8 Market scale and the rate of change over the previous year in thenewspaper industry
2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

23,576

23,79724,18823,32322,182

99%

101%

102%

96%

95%

Total Sales ofNewspaper Companies(in 100 million yen)
Year-on-year change

Source: Material issued by NSK (HP of NSK)
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2006, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for other fiscal years for which data were not available.
〔Formula〕Value of products in 2006 = Value of products in 2005 × Rate of Change〔Formula〕Value added in 2006 = Value added in 2005 × Year-on-year rate(2) Book & Journal Publishing (Supplemental statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey of Selected Service Industries
××
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements
Publishing index (AJPEA)
○

✓

✓

2005
✓

2006
×

2007
×

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Estimation of Value of products〔Formula〕Value of products = Value of Shipment A
A Annual Sales:
Annual Sales of Book & Journal Publishing Industry in “Survey of
Selected Service Industries”○

Estimation of Value-added30

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries〔Formula〕Value-added = Sales A – Operating expenses B + Compensation of
Employees C + Depreciation expense D + Indirect taxes E
A Sales:
Annual Sales of Book & Journal Publishing Industry in “Survey of Selected
Service Industries”
B Operating expenses:
Annual Operating Expenses of Book & Journal Publishing Industry in“Survey of Selected Service Industries”
C Compensation of Employees:
Total Wages & Salaries Paid of Book & Journal Publishing Industry in“Survey of Selected Service Industries”
D Depreciation expense〔Formula〕Depreciation expense = Value of products a × Depreciation
rate ba Value of products:
Annual Sales of Book & Journal Publishing Industry in “Survey of
Selected Service Industries”
b Depreciation rate:
Depreciation ratio to sales of Book & Journal Publishing Industry
in “Statistics from Analysis of Corporate Financial Statements”
E Indirect taxes:
Annual Sales Newspaper Industry in “Survey of Selected Service
Industries” × 5%○

Compensation for statistical data
The “Survey of Selected Service Industries” is published once every five years, andthe fiscal 2005 edition is the most recent. Data for fiscal 2003, 2004 and 2006 andpreceding years are estimates made by applying the change rate of the scale of book &journal publishing industry market (estimated sales value) over the previous year datain Publishing Index.
Figure 3-9 Market scale and the rate of change over the previous fiscal year in the book& journal publishing industry
Total Sales of Publishing
Companies(in 100 million yen)

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

22,27822,42821,964

21,52520,85331

Copyright White Paper

Year-on-Year change(%)

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

96%

101%

98%

98%

97%

Source: Publishing Index (AJPEA)
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2006, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for other fiscal years for which data were not available.
〔Formula〕Value of products in 2006 = Value of products in 2005 × Year-on-year rate
〔Formula〕Value added in 2006 = Value added in 2005 × Year-on-year rate(3) Printing (Newspaper & Book) (Supplemental statistics type)In the "Census of Manufactures", Sector 161 (Printing Industry) includes not only
the printing of newspapers, books, and magazines but also items that have no relation
with copyright, such as business forms and product packages.

As such, the subtotal

for newspapers, books, and magazines must be isolated. This was done by using theirshares of the total sales of demanded printing products in the industry.
○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Census of Manufactures✓✓
White Paper on the Printing Industry✓✓
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements
○

2005
✓
✓

2006
✓
✓

2007
✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Value of Shipments A×ratio of newspaper and bookpublishing B
A Value of Shipments[Value of Shipments] in Sector 161 (printing) in the "Census of
Manufactures"
B ratio of newspaper, book and journal publishing
The "White Paper on the Printing Industry" presents the value of printing
products demanded by major customer of the printing industry.” These data
were used to estimate the share of newspaper & publishing sector in the entire
printing industry.

32

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries[Formula] Ratio of newspaper and publishing B = [Value of products (newspaper) a +Value of products (publishing) b] / Value of products(all) c
a Value of products(newspaper)[Value of printing industry products in each major customer industry] in
Publishing industry in Newspaper industry in the "White Paper on the
Printing Industry"b Value of products(publishing)[Value of printing industry products in each major customer industry] in
Publishing industry in the "White Paper on the Printing Industry"c Value of products(all)[Sum] of [Value of printing industry products in each major customer
industry] in the "White Paper on the Printing Industry"○ Estimation of Value-added
Value-added was estimated by proportional distribution of only that portion of thetotal value-added in the printing industry deriving from books and magazines.
[Formula] Value-added(printing related to newspaper, publishing)=Value-added(total
in the printing segment)×Rate of newspaper and publishing・Ratio of newspaper and publishing[Rate of newspaper and publishing] obtained by Estimation of Value of products
・Value-added(total in the printing segment)[Formula] Value-added = [Compensation of Employees A + Operating surplus B +Depreciation expenses C + Indirect taxes D]
A Compensation of Employees[Total cash wages and Salaries Paid] in Sector 161 (printing) in the "Census of
Manufactures" × Payment correction rate
*Payment correction rate: see page 94 for details in estimation of value-added( "Census of Manufactures") .
B Operating surplus[Formula] Operating surplus = Value of products a×(1-Sales cost ratio b-Rate of SG&A c)a Value of Shipments[Value of Shipments] in Sector 161(printing) in the "Census of
Manufactures"

33

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

b Sales cost ratio[Sales cost ratio] in Sector 274(printing) in the "Statistics from Analysis
of Corporate Financial Statements"c Rate of SG&A
[Rate of SG&A expenses] in Sector 274(printing) in the "Statistics from
Analysis of Corporate Financial Statements"
C Depreciation expenses[Formula]

Depreciation expenses = Disposals of tangible fixed assets d +Depreciation of tangible fixed assets e
d Disposals of tangible fixed assets[Disposals of tangible fixed assets] in Sector 161(printing) in the"Census of Manufactures"e Depreciation of tangible fixed assets[Depreciation of tangible fixed assets] in Sector 161 (printing) in the"Census of Manufactures"
D Indirect taxes[Formula] Indirect taxes = Value of products f×Indirect taxes rate g
f Value of products[Value of Shipments] in Sector 161 (printing) in the "Census of
Manufactures"g Indirect taxes rate
Consumption tax rate of 5 %*" Amount of printing products demanded by major customer type in the printing
industry"○ "Amount of printing products demanded by major customer type in the printing
industry", which was taken from the "White Paper on the Printing Industry"
published each year by the Japan Association of Graphic Arts Technology, has notbeen disclosed since fiscal 2000.

For this report, it was estimated on theassumption that the share of the total value-added in the printing and publishingindustry occupied by the newspaper publishing industry has stayed the same sincethat year.

34

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries2) Computer Software(1) Software (Basic statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service Industries
××
Survey of Selected Service Industries✓✓(Information Services)
Survey of Selected Service Industries
××(Software Services)
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

✓

×

×

×

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Note: For Survey on Service Industries, the most recent edition available to the public
is the one for fiscal 1999. Under such condition, it is appropriate to use the data in
Survey of Selected Service Industries. However, review on the data raised the concernson the reliability of such data. Therefore, we made estimation based on the data forfiscal 1999 in the former statistics and used the data of the latter for calculating
year-on-year rate.

○

Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Income in operating business A
・A Income in operating business[Incomes] in Sector 821 (software business) in the "Survey on Service Industries"○

Estimation of Value-added

・Fiscal 2003 - 2005
〔Formula〕Value-added = Sales A – Operating expenses B + Compensation of
Employees C + Depreciation expense D + Indirect taxes E
A Sales:
Estimated Value of products
B Operating expenses:
Annual Operating Expenses of Software Industry in “Survey of
Selected Service Industries, Information Service Industry”
C Compensation of Employees:
Total Wages & Salaries Paid of Software Industry in “Survey of
Selected Service Industries, Information Service Industry”

35

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

D Depreciation expense〔Formula〕Depreciation expense = Value of products a × Depreciation
rate ba Value of products:
Estimated Annual Salesb Depreciation rate:
Depreciation rate on sales of Software Industry in Statistics
from “Analysis of Corporate Financial Statements,
Information Service Industry”
E Indirect taxes:
Annual Sales Software Industry in “Analysis ofCorporate Financial Statements, Information Service
Industry” × 5%
・Fiscal 2006-2007[Formula] Value-added = Sales A – Operating expenses B + Compensation of
Employees C + Depreciation rate D +Indirect taxes E
A Sales[Annual Sales] of Software Industry in the “Survey of Selected Service
Industries, Information Service Industry”
B Operating expenses[Annual Operating Expenses] of Software Industry in the “Survey of Selected
Service Industries, Information Service Industry”
C Compensation of Employees[Total Wages & Salaries Paid] of Software Industry in the “Survey of Selected
Service Industries, Information Service Industry”
D Depreciation expenses[Depreciation Expenses] of Software Industry in the “Survey of Selected Service
Industries, Information Service Industry”
E Indirect taxes[Annual Sales] of Software Industry in the “Survey of Selected Service

36

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Industries, Information Service Industry” ×5%○Compensation for statistical data

・Fiscal 2003 – 2005
The “Analysis of Corporate Financial Statement, Information Service Industry”
was published once every fiscal year until fiscal 2005. Value of products in the software
industry in fiscal 2003, 2004 is estimated by using the year-on-year rate of annual
sales in the software industry of the Survey of Selected Service Industries, Information
Service Industry.”
Figure 3-10 Annual Sales and the rate of change over the previous year in Software
Industry1999
Annual Sales(in million yen)
Year-on-yearchange(%)

2000

2001

6,692,500 7,421,100 9,471,800
106%

111%

128%

2002

2003

2004

2005

9,685,900

8,805,141

9,243,642

9,273,371

102%

91%

105%

100%

Source: Survey of Selected Service Industries, Information Service Industry
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2003, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for other fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products(2003)=Value of products(2002)×Rate of change[Formula] Value-added(2003)=Value-added(2002)×Rate of change
・Fiscal 2006 – 2007
The “Analysis of Corporate Financial Statement, Software Industry” is publishedonce every fiscal year since fiscal 2006. Value of products in the software industry forfiscal years 2006 and 2007 is estimated by using the rate of change of annual sales inthe software industry of the Survey of Selected Service Industries, Software Industry.”
Figure 3-11 Annual sales in the software industry and the rate of change over theprevious fiscal year
2006
Annual Sales (in million yen)
10,476,004
Rage of change(%)
113%(*)

2007
10,297,504
98%

Source: Survey of Selected Service Industries, Data Processing/ Providing Service Industry

37

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries(*) As the data is unavailable for fiscal 2005 in Survey of Selected Service Industries,
Software Industry, the data of fiscal 2005 in Survey of Selected Service Industries,
Information Service Industry was applied to calculate the rate of change in fiscal 2006.
The data for fiscal 2007 was also calculated by means of the same formulas.
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2006, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for fiscal 2007.
[Formula] Value of products(2006)=Value of products(2005)×Rate of change[Formula] Value-added(2006)=Value-added(2005)×Rate of change(2) Data Processing/ Providing Service (Basic statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service Industries(*)××
Survey of Selected Service Industries✓✓(Information Service Industry)
Survey of Selected Service Industries (Data××
Processing & Providing Service Industry)
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

✓

×

×

×

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Note: For Survey on Service Industries, the most recent edition available to the public
is the one for fiscal 1999. Under such condition, it is appropriate to use the data in
Survey of Selected Service Industries. However, review on the data raised the concernson their reliability. Therefore, we made estimation based on the data for fiscal 1999 in
the former statistics and used the data of the latter for calculating year-on-year rate○

Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Income in operating business A
・A Income in operating business[Incomes] in Sector 822 (data processing & providing services) in the "Survey on
Service Industries"○

Estimation of Value added

・Fiscal 2003 – 2005

38

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries〔Formula〕Value-added in data processing & providing services= Value-added in data processing services +Value-added in data providing services* Process to estimate Value-added is the same for both data processing services
and data providing services. Accordingly, data processing services industry istaken as an example for calculation process.
〔Formula〕Value-added = Sales A – Operating expenses B + Compensation of
Employees C + Depreciation expense D + Indirect taxes E
A Sales:
Estimated Value of products
B Operating expenses:
Annual Operating Expenses of Data-Processing Services in“Survey of Selected Service Industries, Information Service Industry”
C Compensation of Employees:
Total Wages & Salaries Paid in Data-Processing/ Providing Services in “Surveyof Selected Service Industries, Information Service Industry”
D Depreciation expense〔Formula〕Depreciation expense = Value of products a × Depreciation rate b
a Value of products:
Estimated Annual Salesb Depreciation rate:
Depreciation ratio to sales of Data-Processing/ Providing Services in Statistics
from the “Analysis of Corporate Financial Statements, Information Service
Industry”
E Indirect taxes:
Annual Sales of Data-Processing/ Providing Services in the “Survey of
Selected Service Industries, Information Service Industry” × 5%
・Fiscal 2006 – 2007
〔Formula〕Value-added = Sales A – Operating expenses B + Compensation of
Employees C + Depreciation expense D + Indirect taxes E
A Sales:
Annual Sales in the “Survey of Selected Service Industries, Data
Processing & Providing Service Industry”
B Operating expenses:

39

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Annual Operating Expenses in the “Survey of Selected Service Industries,
Data Processing & Providing Service Industry”
C Compensation of Employees:
Total Wages & Salaries Paid in the “Survey of Selected Service Industries,
Data Processing & Providing Service Industry”
D Depreciation expense
Depreciation expense in the “Survey of Selected Service Industries,
Data Processing & Providing Service Industry”
E Indirect taxes:
Annual Sales in the “Survey of Selected Service Industries,
Data Processing & Providing Service Industry” × 5%○

Compensation for statistical data

・Fiscal 2003 – 2005
“Survey of Selected Service Industries, Information Service Industry” wasconducted and published once every fiscal year until fiscal 2005. Data for fiscal 2003
and 2004 are estimated by using the rate of annual sales change over the previous year
in “Survey of Selected Service Industries, Information Service Industry.”
Figure 3-12 Annual Sales and the rate of change over the previous year in Software
Industry1999
Annual Sales(in million yen)
Year-on-yearchange(%)

2000

2001

2,112,700 2,332,500 3,289,000
91%

110%

141%

2002

2003

2004

2005

3,399,800

4,108,736

3,940,711

4,225,541

103%

121%

96%

107%

Source: Survey of Selected Service Industries, Information Service Industry
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2003, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for other fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products(2003)=Value of products(2002)×Rate of change[Formula] Value-added(2003)=Value-added(2002)×Rate of change
・Fiscal 2006 – 2007
“Survey of Selected Service Industries, Data Processing & Providing Services” is40

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

conducted and published once every fiscal year since fiscal 2006. Data for fiscal 2006
and 2007 are estimated by using the rate of annual sales change over the previous year
in “Survey of Selected Service Industries, Data Processing & Providing Services.”
Figure 3-13 Annual Sales and the rate of change over the previous year indata-processing & providing service industry
2006
4,058,359
96%(*)

Annual Sales (in million yen)
Rate of change(%)

2007
4,199,998
103%

Source: Survey of Selected Service Industries, Software Industry(*) As the data is unavailable for fiscal 2005 in Survey of Selected Service Industries,
Data-Processing & Providing Service Industry, the data for fiscal 2006 were calculated
based on the data for fiscal 2005 in Survey of Selected Service Industries, Information
Service Industry.
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2006, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for fiscal 2007.
[Formula] Value of products(2006)=Value of products(2005)×Rate of change[Formula] Value-added(2006)=Value-added(2005)×Rate of change

41

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

3) Broadcasting(1)

Public Broadcasting (Supplementary statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Radio & Television Year book
✓
✓
○

2005
✓

2006
✓

2007
✓

Estimation of Vale of products〔Formula〕Value of products = Income in operating business A
A: Income
Income in operating business in the P/L statement of Radio & TelevisionYearbook○

Estimation of Value-added〔Formula〕Value-added = Employer’s income A + Operating surplus B + Depreciation
expense C + Indirect tax D
A Employer’s income:
Employment costs + Labor costs in the P/L statement of Radio & TelevisionYearbook
B Operating surplus:
Operating profit in the P/L statement of Radio & Television Yearbook
C Depreciation:
Depreciation expense in the P/L statement of Radio & Television Yearbook
D Indirect tax
Ordinary revenue in the P/L statement of Radio & Television Yearbook × 5%
(2) Private Broadcasting (Supplementary statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on the Telecommunication Industry✓✓
Japan Commercial Broadcasting Yearbook✓✓* The edition for fiscal 2007 will be published in June 2009.
○

Estimation of Value of products〔Formula〕Value of products = Incomes A

42

2005
✓
✓

2006
✓
✓

2007
NA*
✓

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

A Income in operating business:
Sales in private broadcasting business in “Survey on the
Telecommunication Industry”○

Estimation of Value-added〔Formula〕Value-added = Value of products × the rate of value-added
・Value of products:
Value of products, which is calculated in the above item of “Estimation of Value of
products
・The rate of Value-added〔Formula〕Rate of Value-added = Employment cost ratio A + Operating profit ratio
B + Depreciation rate C + Consumption tax rate D
A Employment cost ratio:
Employment cost ration in private broadcasting industry in “Survey on the
Telecommunication Industry”
B Operating income ratio
Operating income ratio in private broadcasting industry in “Survey on the
Telecommunication Industry”
C Depreciation rate:
Depreciation rate in private broadcasting industry in “Survey on the
Telecommunication Industry”
D Consumption tax rate:
5%○Compensation for statistical data
The “Survey on the Telecommunication Industry” is published once every fiscal year. The edition for fiscal 2006 is the most recent. The data for fiscal 2007 were
estimated by applying the rate of change over the previous year based on operating
incomes in Japan Commercial Broadcasting Yearbook.
Figure 3-14 Operating income of private broadcasting companies and the rate ofchange over the previous year
Operating income(in million yen)
Rate of change(%)

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2,506,295

2,598,547

2,598,724

2,591,069

2,566,568

101.4%

103.7%

100.0%

99.7%

99.1%

Source: Japan Commercial Broadcasting Yearbook

43

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added infiscal 2007 by means of the formulas noted below.
[Formula] Value of products(2007)=Value of products(2006)×Rate of change[Formula] Value-added(2007)=Value-added(2006)×Rate of change(3)

Cable Broadcasting (Supplementary statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on the Telecommunication Industry✓✓
Japan Commercial Broadcasting Yearbook
✓
✓

2005
✓
✓

2006
✓
✓

2007
NA*
✓

* The edition for fiscal 2007 will be published in June 2009.
○

Estimation of Value of products〔Formula〕Value of products = Incomes A
A Income in operating business:
Sales in cable broadcasting business in “Survey on the
Telecommunication Industry”○

Estimation of Value-added〔Formula〕Value-added = Value of products × the rate of value-added
・Value of products:
Value of products, which is calculated in the above item of “Estimation of Value of
products
・The rate of Value-added〔Formula〕Rate of Value-added = Employment cost ratio A + Operating profit ratio
B + Depreciation rate C + Consumption tax rate D
A Employment cost ratio:
Employment cost ration in cable broadcasting industry in “Survey on the
Telecommunication Industry”
B Operating income ratio
Operating income ratio in cable broadcasting industry in “Survey on the
Telecommunication Industry”
C Depreciation rate:

44

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Depreciation rate in cable broadcasting industry in “Survey on the
Telecommunication Industry”
D Consumption tax rate:
5%○Compensation for statistical data
The “Survey on the Telecommunication Industry” is published once every fiscal

year. The edition for fiscal 2006 is the most recent. The data for fiscal 2007 were
estimated by applying the rate of change over the previous year, which was calculatedwith operating incomes in Japan Commercial Broadcasting Yearbook.
Figure 3-15 Operating income of private broadcasting companies and the rate ofchange over the previous year
Operating income(Million yen)
Rate of change(%)

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2,506,295

2,598,547

2,598,724

2,591,069

2,566,568

101.4%

103.7%

100.0%

99.7%

99.1%

Source: Japan Commercial Broadcasting Yearbook
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2007 by means of the formulas noted below.
[Formula] Value of products(2007)=Value of products(2006)×Rate of change[Formula] Value-added(2007)=Value-added(2006)×Rate of change

45

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

4) Transmission(1)

Internet Transmission (Supplementary statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003
Survey on the Telecommunication Industry✓
Survey of Information and Communication
×Industry

2004
✓
×

2005
✓
×

2006
✓
×

2007
NA*
×

Note: The edition for fiscal 2007 will be published in June 2009.
The figures in “Survey of Information and Communication Industry” are used tomake estimation for fiscal 1998 – 2000.
○ Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = ASP sales A + portal site sales B
A ASP sales[ASP sales] of Internet incidental services and ASP in the "Survey on the
Telecommunications Industry"B Portal site sales[Portal site sales] of Internet incidental services and portal sites in the "Survey on
the Telecommunications Industry"* ASP (Application service provider)○ Estimation of Value-added[Formula] Value-added = Value of products×Value-added rate
・Value of products[Value of products (ASP) + Value of products (Portal Sites)] obtained in theestimation of Value of products
・Value-added rate
[Formula] Value-added rate = Value-added A / Value of products B
A Value-added[Formula] Value-added = Compensation of Employees a + Operating
surplus b + Depreciation expenses c + Indirect taxes da Compensation of Employees[Personnel expenses] of Internet incidental services in the “Survey

46

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

on the Telecommunications Industry”
b Operating surplus[Operating revenue] of Internet incidental services in the “Survey on
the Telecommunications Industry”
c Depreciation expenses[Depreciation expenses] of Internet incidental services in the“Survey on the Telecommunications Industry”
d Indirect taxes[Sales] of Internet incidental services in the “Survey on the
Telecommunications Industry” ×5%
B Value of products[Sales]ofInternetincidental

servicesinthe“Surveyonthe

Telecommunications Industry”○ Compensation for statistical data
The "Survey on the Telecommunications Industry" was implemented since fiscal
2001, and no data are available for fiscal 2000 and preceding years.

For fiscal 2000

and preceding years, estimates were made using the rate of change relative to theprevious year in the scale of the market of the entire telecommunications industry in
the "Survey of Information and Communication Industry”, the predecessor of the"Survey on the Telecommunications Industry”.
Figure 3-16 Sales of overall transmission industry and the rate of change over theSales (in 100 million yen)
Rate of change(%)

previous year1998
180,947103.9%

1999
197,106
108.9%

2000
211,790
107.4%

Source: Survey of Information and Communication Industry
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2000, for example, by means of the formula noted below. This was also done forother fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products (2000) = Value of products (2001) / Rate of change[Formula] Value-added (2000) = Value-added (2001) / Rate of change
The data for fiscal 2001 and preceding years are estimated by applying the growthrate of the overall market scale relating to the previous year, which is available in47

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Survey on the Telecommunication Industry..
Figure 3-17 The Sales of Overall Telecommunication Industry and the rate of change

Sales (100 million yen)
Rate of change(%)

relative to the previous year
2001
2002
2003
2004
226,453 196,417 196,386 180,888
106.9%
86.7%
100.0%
92.1%

2005
180,988
100.1%

2006
187,018
103.3%

Source: Survey on the Telecommunication Indusry
These figures were used for calculation of Value of products and Value-added infiscal 2006, for example, by means of the formulas noted below. This was also done forother fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products (2006) = Value of products (2005) × Rate of change[Formula] Value-added (2006) = Value-added (2005) × Rate of change(2)

Mobile Telephone Network Transmission (Supplementary statistics type)○ Statistics used and data available years
Statistics
2003
Survey on the Telecommunication Industry✓
Survey of Information and Communication
×Industry

2004
✓

2005
✓

2006
✓

2007
NA*

×

×

×

×

Note: The edition for fiscal 2007 will be published in June 2009.
The figures in “Survey of Information and Communication Industry” are used tomake estimation for fiscal 1998 – 2000.
○ Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Sales A
A Sales[Sales] noted under Type I Telecommunication Careers in the "Survey on the
Telecommunications Industry"○ Estimation of Value-added[Formula] Value-added = Value of products×Value-added rate
・Value of products48

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries[Value of products] obtained in the estimation of Value of products
・Value-added rate
[Formula] Value-added rate = Value-added A / Value of products B
A Value-added[Formula] Value-added = Compensation of Employees a + Operating
surplus b + Depreciation expenses c + Indirect taxes da Compensation of Employees[Employment cost] noted under Type I Telecommunication Careers
in the “Survey on the Telecommunications Industry”
b Operating surplus[Operating revenue] noted under Type I Telecommunication Careers
in the “Survey on the Telecommunications Industry”
c Depreciation expenses[Depreciation expenses] noted under Type I Telecommunication
Careers in the “Survey on the Telecommunications Industry”
d Indirect taxes[Sales] noted under Interneased services in the “Survey on the
Telecommunications Industry” ×5%
B Value of products[Sales] noted under Type I Telecommunication Careers in the “Survey on
the Telecommunications Industry”○ Compensation for statistical data
The "Survey on the Telecommunications Industry" was implemented since fiscal
2001, and no data are available for fiscal 2000 and preceding years.

For fiscal 2000

and preceding years, estimates were made using the rate of change relative to theprevious year in the scale of the market of the entire telecommunications industry in
the "Survey of Information and Communication Industry”, the predecessor of the"Survey on the Telecommunications Industry”.
Figure 3-18 Sales of Telecommunication Industries and the rate of change over theprevious year
1998
Sales (100 million yen)
180,947
Rate of change(%)
103.9%

1999
197,106
108.9 %

2000
211,790
107.4%

Source: Survey of Information and Communication Industry

49

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

These figures were used for calculation of Value of products and Value-added infiscal 2000, for example, by means of the formulas noted below. This was also done forother fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products (2000) = Value of products (2001) / Rate of change[Formula] Value-added (2000) = Value-added (2001) / Rate of change
The data for fiscal 2001 and subsequent years are estimated by applying the rateof change in the overall market scale relating to the previous year, which is available in
Survey on the Telecommunication Industry..
Figure 3-19 The Sales of Overall Telecommunication Industry and the rate of change
2001
Sales
(100 million yen)
Rate of change(%)

relative to the previous year
2002
2003
2004

2005

2006

226,453

196,417

196,386

180,888

180,988

187,018106.9%

86.7%

100.0%

92.1%

100.1%

103.3%

Source: Survey of Information and Communication Industry
These figures were used for calculation of Value of products and Value-added infiscal 2000, for example, by means of the formulas noted below. This was also done forother fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products (2006) = Value of products (2005) × Rate of change[Formula] Value-added (2006) = Value-added (2005) × Rate of change

50

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

5) Advertising(1) Commercial art and Graphic Design [Supplementary statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service industries
×✓Survey of Selected Service Industries✓✓(Advertising agency)
Financial statement report of advertising✓✓
Agencies
Financial statement report of advertising××
Production

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

✓

✓

✓

×

×

×

×

✓
×

The figures in Financial statement report of advertising agencies are used tomake estimation for fiscal 1998 – 2002.

○ Estimation of Value of products
There are no statistical data for the value of products in the advertisingproduction industry. It was consequently estimated by extracting the portion ofadvertising production expenses from the value of products in the advertising agency
industry. The rate of advertising production cost in the advertising agency industry
was estimated from the cost structure of advertising agency business.
Figure 3-20 Relationship between Cost and Sales of Advertising agency
Media Cost
Cost of Sales

Sales

Advertising
Production
Cost(*)

Selling
ExpenseAdministrati
ve Expense

Operating
Profit(*) This is equivalent to incomes of advertising production industry

51

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries[Formula] Value of products = Incomes of advertising agencies industry A×advertisingproduction cost rate B
A Incomes of advertising agencies industry[Incomes] in Class 891(advertising agencies) in the "Survey on Service
industries"
B advertising production cost rate
Advertising production cost rate was estimated by calculation of aweighted average of advertising production cost rate in each financial
statement report.
[Formula]
Advertising production cost rate B= Sum of Advertising production cost a / Sum
of Sales b
a Sum of Advertising production costΣ[Advertising production cost] in the "Financial Statement (Advertising
agency companies)"b Sum of Sales
Σ[Sales] in the "Financial Statement (Advertising agency companies)"*This Value-added rate was calculated on the data in the financial statement
reports released by enterprises making continuous disclosure of income
statements.
○ Estimation of Value-added
Value-added was estimated by applying the Value-added rate (i.e., share of thevalue of products occupied by value-added in the advertising production companies)
based on financial statement reports.
[Formula] Value-added = Value of products×Value-added rate
・Value of products[Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of products
・Value-added rate
[Formula] Value-added rate = Σ[Value-added(each company A)] / Σ[Incomes(eachcompany B)]
A Value-added (each company)[Formula] Value-added = Compensation of Employees a + Operating surplus b +52

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Depreciation expenses c + Indirect taxes da Compensation of Employees[Employment cost]+[labor cost] in the "Income statements"b Operating surplus[Operating profit] in the "Income statements"c Depreciation expenses[Depreciation expenses] in the "P/L statements"
d Indirect taxes[Sales] in the "P/L statements" ×5%
B Value of products (each company)[Sales] in the "P/L statement"*This Value-added rate was calculated on the basis of financial statement
reports released by enterprises making continuous disclosure of income
statements.
○ Compensation for statistical data
The "Survey on Service Industries" is published once every five years, and thefiscal 2004 edition was the most recent. Data for fiscal 2003 and the fiscal years after2005 are estimates made by application of the rate of change in the yearly sales in thesection on the advertising industry in the "Survey of Selected Service Industries”.
Figure 3-21 Annual sales of advertising agency industry and the rate of change relative
to the previous year
2003

Annual sales(million yen)
Rate of change(%)

2004

2005

2006

2007

5,291,790

5,580,793

5,710,132

5,803,814

5,868,555

101.3%

105.5%

102.3%

101.6%

101.1%

Source: "Survey of Selected Service Industries (Advertising)"

These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2005, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for other fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products(2005) = Value of products(2004)×Rate of change[Formula] Value-added(2005) = Value-added(2004)×Rate of change

53

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries(2) Display [Supplementary statistics type (Special)]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service Industries
×✓Survey of Selected Service Industries✓
×
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements

2005
×
×

2006
×
×

2007
×
×

✓

✓

✓

○ Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Incomes A
A Incomes[Total Annual Sales] in the "Survey of Selected Service Industries(Display)"○ Estimation of Value-added[Formula] Value-added = Value of products×Value-added rate
・Value of products[Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of products(Value-added rate)[Formula] Value-added rate = Value-added / Value of products
・Value-added[Formula] Value-added = Value of products A- Intermediate Input (Ordinary
expenses B-Depreciation expenses C)
A Value of products[Incomes] in the entire service sector in the "Survey on Service Industries"
B Ordinary expenses[Total expenses] in the entire service sector in the "Survey on Service
Industries"
C Depreciation expenses[Formula] Depreciation expenses = Value of products a × Ratio ofdepreciation expenses b
a Value of products[Incomes] in the entire service sector in the "Survey on Service
Industries"b Depreciation expenses rate54

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries[Average ratio of depreciation expenses to Sales] in the entire service
sector in the " Statistics from Analysis of Corporate Financial
Statements "・Value of products[Incomes] in the entire service sector in the "Survey on Service Industries"○ Compensation for statistical data
The "Survey of Selected Service Industries(Display)" is published once every three
years. The reports for fiscal 1997, 2000 and 2003 are the most recent. Data for fiscal
2004 and subsequent years were estimated by means of linear compensation based on
the figures for fiscal years of 2000 and 2003
Figure 3-22 Annual Sales and the rate of change over the previous year
in the display industry
Annual Sales(million yen)
Rate of change

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

416,928

436,349

456,674

477,946

500,209-104.7%

104.7%

104.7%

104.7%

Source: "Survey of Selected Service Industries (Display)"
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2005, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for other fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products(2005) = Value of products(2004)×Rate of change[Formula] Value-added(2005) = Value-added(2004)×Rate of change

55

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries6) Music(1) Records, CDs and Tapes [Supplementary statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003
2004
RIAJ Year Book✓✓
Financial statement report of record✓✓
companies

2005
✓

2006
✓

2007
✓

✓

✓

✓

○ Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Value of products (Audio records) a + Value of
products (Audio and visual records) b
a Value of products(Audio records)[Value of products (Audio record)] in the "RIAJ Year Book"b Value of products(CD derivative audio)[Value of products (CD derivative audio)] in the "RIAJ Year Book"○ Estimation of Value-added
Value-added was estimated by applying the Value-added rate (i.e., share of thevalue of products occupied by value-added in the record companies) based on financial
statement reports.
[Formula] Value-added = Value of products×Value-added rate
・Value of products[Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of products
・Value-added rate
[Formula] Value-added rate = Σ(Value-added of each company A) / Σ(Value of
products of each company B)
A Value-added of each company[Formula] Value-added = Compensation of Employees a + Operating surplus b +Depreciation expenses c + Indirect taxes da Compensation of Employees[Employment cost]+[Labor cost] in the "Income statements"b Operating surplus[Operating profit] in the "P/L statements"

56

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

c Depreciation expenses[Depreciation expenses] in the "P/L statements"
d Indirect taxes[Sales] in the "P/L statements" ×5%
B Sales of each company[Sales] in the "Income statements"*This Value-added rate was calculated on the data in the of financial
statement reports released by enterprises making continuous disclosure ofincome statements.
(2) Record and CD rental [Basic statistics plus supplementary statistics type]In the "Survey on Service Industries”, the record and video rental industries are in
the same sector (Sector 88A, Audio and visual recordings rental). For this reason, thevalue of products was estimated by adding up average sales at rental record storesinstead of employing data from the "Survey on Service Industries”.
○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service Industries
×✓Survey on CD rental store✓✓
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements

2005
×
✓

2006
×
✓

2007
×
✓

✓

✓

✓

○ Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Average sales of CD rental stores a×Number of CD
rental stores ba Average sales of CD rental stores[Average monthly sales] in the "Survey on CD rental store"×12 (months)
b Number of CD rental stores[Number of CD rental stores] in the "Survey on CD rental store"○ Estimation of Value-added[Formula] Value-added = Value of products A- Intermediate Input ( Ordinary expenses
B-Depreciation expenses C)
A Value of products

57

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries[Incomes] in Sector 88A(Audio and visual recordings rental) in the "Survey on
Service industries"
B Total expenses[Ordinary expenses] in Sector 88A(Audio and visual recordings rental) in the"Survey on Service industries"
C Depreciation expenses[Formula] Depreciation expenses = Value of products a×Ratio of depreciation
expenses b
a Value of products[Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of productsb Depreciation expenses rate
[Ratio of depreciation expenses] in Sector 749 (miscellaneous goods rental
and leasing) in the "Statistics from Analysis of Corporate Financial
Statements"(3) Music Publishing [Supplementary statistics type]The income of music publishing enterprises consists of the master rights royalty,
secondary use fees for broadcasting, the remuneration for commercial rental, andcompensation for private recording. As compensation for copyright management, a
copyright royalty is received from the Japanese Society for Rights of Authors,
Composers and Publishers (JASRAC). The sum of this income, i.e., the income paid tomusic publishing enterprises as a whole, was taken as the scale of the industry in thisclass.
○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
RIAJ Year Book
Data provided by JASRAC*
Data provided by MPA*
Financial statement report of music publishing
Companies

2003
✓
✓
✓

2004
✓
✓
✓

2005
✓
✓
✓

2006
✓
✓
✓

2007
✓
✓
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

* JASRAC (Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers)* MPA (Music Publishers Association of Japan)

58

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Figure 3-23 Payment flow for Music Publishing company

Recordpany yR
ecordcomcompanMaster rights royalty
Music publishingcompany

Copyright

MPA distribution

royalty

MPA*

JASRAC** MPA (Music Publishers Association of Japan)* JASRAC (Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers)○Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Copyright royalty A+ Master rights royalty B + MPA
distributed royalty amount C
A. Copyright royalty
Copyright royalty = [total copyright royalty] in the " Data provided by JASRAC "×80%(*)*Music publishing enterprises receive approximately 80% as compensation out of the total

copyright royalty fees paid to JASRAC. In realty, however, they receive less since they
re-distribute such compensation to other relevant parties including lyricists, composers, etc.
Despite it, we multiplied with 80% for calculation in this survey.

B. Master rights royalty[Formula] Master rights royalty = Total Retail sales minus tax a × (1 –Packaging charge rate b)×Number of shipment c×Master rights royalty rate d+ consumption tax
a Total Retail sales exclude tax[(Value of Products (Album) / wholesale price rate(Album)) + (Value of
Products (Album) / wholesale price rate(Single))]×(1 – tax rate)*Wholesale price rate (Album): 73%*Wholesale price rate (Single): 70%
b Packaging charge rate (deduction)

59

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

10% of Retail pricec Rate of concerned shipment
We assumed 80% in this survey.
d Master rights royalty rate
The range of the rate is from 12% to 15%. We assumed 12% in thissurvey.
C. MPA distributed royalty amountThe MPA provided the value for that subtotal of the amount received fromthe Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) that was distributed to music
publishers.
○ Estimation of Value-added
Value-added was estimated by applying the Value-added rate (i.e., share of thevalue of products occupied by value-added in the music publishing companies) based on
financial statement reports.
[Formula] Value-added = Value of products×Value-added rate
・Value of products[Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of products
・Value-added rate
[Formula] Value-added rate = Σ[Value-added(each company A)] / Σ[Incomes(eachcompany B)]
A Value-added (each company)[Formula] Value-added = Compensation of Employees a + Operating surplus b +Depreciation expenses c + Indirect taxes da Compensation of Employees[Employment cost]+[Labor cost] in the "P/L statements"b Operating surplus[Operating profit] in the "P/L statements"c Depreciation expenses[Depreciation expenses] in the "P/L statements"
d Indirect taxes[Incomes] in the "Income statements"×5 %B Sales (each company)[Sales] in the "P/L statements"

60

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries*This Value-added rate was calculated on the data in the financial statement
reports released by enterprises making continuous disclosure of income
statements.

61

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

7) Motion Picture(1) Movie, Home video and TV program production (Supplementary statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service Industries (Movie, Home
×✓video, TV program production industry)
Annual Report on National Income Statistics✓✓
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements
○

2005

2006

2007

×

×

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Annual sales A
・A Annual sales[Annual sales] in the sectors of motion picture, video production services andmotion, picture, video distribution services in the “Survey on Selected Service
Industries, Visual Information Production/ Distribution Services”○

Estimation of Value added〔Formula〕Value-added = Sales A – Operating expenses B + Compensation of
Employees C + Depreciation expense D + Indirect taxes E
A Sales:
Annual sales in the “Survey on Selected Service Industries, Visual Information
Production/ Distribution Services”
B Operating expenses:
Annual Operating Expenses in the “Survey on Selected Service Industries,
Visual Information Production/ Distribution Services”
C Compensation of Employees:
Total Wages & Salaries Paid in the “Survey on Selected Service Industries, Visual
Information Production/ Distribution Services”
D Depreciation expense
Rate of depreciation expense to sales in Sector 791-1 “Movie Recording/
Production Service” and Sector 791-2 “Movie Distribution Service” in “Statistics
from Analysis of Corporate Financial Statements.”

E Indirect taxes:
Annual Sales of in the “Survey on Selected Service Industries, Visual Information
Production/ Distribution Services” × 5%

62

Copyright White Paper○

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Compensation for statistical data
“Surveyof

SelectedServiceIndustries,

VisualInformation

Production/

Distribution Services” is conducted and published every three years. The recent years
in which the surveys were conducted were fiscal years of 1998, 2001, and 2004, and2007. For unavailable data, the figures in the surveys are used to make estimation bymeans of linear compensation.
Figure 3-24 Annual Sales of Visual Information Production/ Distribution Services andthe rate of change over the previous year
Annual Sales(in million yen)
Year-on-year change(%)

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

552,901

563,011560,508

558,016555,535

101.8%

101.8%

99.6%

99.6%

99.6%

Source: Survey of Selected Service Industries, Visual Information Production/
Distribution Service Industry
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2005, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for other fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products(2005)=Value of products(2004)×Rate of change[Formula] Value-added(2005)=Value-added(2004)×Rate of change(2) Video rental (Combined type)In the "Survey on Service Industries”, the record and video rental industries are in
the same Sector 88A (audio and visual recordings rental). The value of products in thevideo rental industry was therefore estimated by subtracting the value of products in
the record rental industry from the total in Sector 88A.
Value-added was estimated by applying the share of the total value of products
occupied by value-added in Sector 88A, because the record rental and video rental
industries have an analogous cost structure.

63

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service industries
×✓
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

✓

✓

✓

○ Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Value of products (record and CD rental + Video rental)
A - Value of products (record and CD rental) B
A Value of products(record and CD rental + Video rental)[Incomes] in Sector 88A(audio and visual recordings rental) in the "Survey on
Service industries"
B Value of products(record and CD rental)[Value of products] of record rectal industry in this survey →6) (2)○ Estimation of Value-added[Formula] Value-added = Value of products A- Intermediate Input ( Ordinary expenses
B-Depreciation expenses C)
A Value of products[Incomes] in Sector 88A(audio and visual recordings rental) in the "Survey on
Service industries"
B Ordinary expenses[Total expenses] in Sector 88A(audio and visual recordings rental) in the"Survey on Service industries"
C Depreciation expenses[Formula] Depreciation expenses = Value of products a×Ratio of depreciation
expenses b
a Value of products[Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of productsb Depreciation expenses rate
[Ratio of depreciation expenses] in Sector 749(miscellaneous goods rental
and leasing) in the "Statistics from Analysis of Corporate Financial
Statements"

64

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

8) Photography(1) Photograph business (Basic statistics type)
Although the photography industry consisted of only one sector, that is, Sector 743
Photograph Business n the Survey on Service Industries for fiscal 1999, this industry
was divided into two sub-categories, that is, Sector 808 Photograph Business andSector 83D Photo Developing/ Projecting Business since the 2004 Survey edition inaccordance with implementation of business service segregation. As the figures in theformer survey demonstrate the aggregations of two current sectors of “PhotographBusiness” and “Photograph Developing/ Projecting Business”, there is the need toisolate the data on “Photograph Business.”○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003
2004
Survey on Service industries
×✓
Financial statement report of record✓✓
companies

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

✓

✓

✓

○ Estimation of Value of products
Figure 3-25 Industrial structure of Photography Industry
83D Photo Developing/
Projecting Business

743
PhotographBusiness

Survey on Service industries(Fiscal 1999)

808 PhotographBusiness

Survey on Service industries(Fiscal 2004)

65

Proportion of
PhotographBusinessCopyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

・Fiscal 1999
[Formula] Value of products = Income A × Proportion of Photograph Business B
A Incomes:[Incomes] of Sector 743 Photograph Business in the “Survey on Service
Industries”
B Proportion of Photograph Business in the industry:[Formula] Proportion of Photograph Business = Value of products in“Photograph Business” a / (a + Value of products in Photo Developing/
Projecting Business b)
a Incomes of Sector 808 Photograph Business in the Survey on Service
Industries (fiscal 2004)b Income of Sector 83D Photograph Developing/Projecting Business in theSurvey on Service Industries (fiscal 2004)
・Fiscal 2004
[Formula] Value of products = Income A
A: Incomes[Incomes] of Sector 808 Photograph Business in the “Survey on Service
Industries”○ Estimation of Value-added[Formula] Value-added = Value of products×Value-added rate
・Value of products[Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of products
・Value-added rate
[Formula] Value-added rate = Value-added rate / Value of products
Value-added:〔Formula〕Value-added = Value of products A – Intermediate input (Ordinary
expenses B – Depreciation expenses C)
A Value-added:[Income] in Sector 808 Photograph Business in the Survey on Service Industries
B Ordinary expenses〔Ordinary expenses〕in Sector 808 Photograph Business in the Survey on
Service Industries
C Depreciation expenses[Formula] Depreciation expenses = Value of products a × Rate of Depreciation b

66

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

a Value of products
Incomes in Sector 808 Photograph Business in the Survey on Service
Industries
b Rate of depreciation:
Weighted average of the depreciation rate to sales in Sector 781-1
Photograph Business and Sector 781-2 Commercial Photograph Businessin the Survey on Service Industries○ Compensation for statistical data
The "Survey on Service Industries" is conducted once every five years. The mostrecent edition was fiscal 2004. For the year in which the survey is not conducted, thefigures are calculated by means of linear compensation.

Figure 3-26 Incomes and the rate of change over the previous year
in the photography industry
2003
Annual Sales(million yen)
Rate of change

2004

2005

2006

2007

(501,721)

469,987 (440,260) (412,414) (386,329)

93.7%

93.7%

93.7%

93.7%

93.7%

Source: "Survey on Service Industries"
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added infiscal 2005, for example, by means of the formulas noted below. This was also done forother fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products(2005) = Value of products(2004)×Rate of change[Formula] Value-added(2005) = Value-added(2004)×Rate of change

67

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

9) Legitimate Theater (Combined type)In the "Survey on Service Industries”, Sector 841 (motion picture theater) includes
not only income from admission but also income from sales of goods, etc. The subtotal
for admission income therefore must be extracted (by proportional distribution).
○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service industries
×✓Survey of Selected Service Industries
×✓(Movie theater)
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate Financial✓✓
Statements

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

×

×

×

✓

✓

✓

○ Estimation of Value of products[Formula]
Value of products = Total income of movie theater A× admission income rate B
A Total income of movie theater[Incomes] in Sector 841(motion picture theaters) in the "Survey on Service
industries"
B Admission income rate
The section on cinema theaters in the "Survey of Selected Service Industries(movie theater)" presents data for theatre income organized by item. These
data were used to estimate the share of the total occupied by admission
income and to calculate the amount of this income.
[Formula] admission income rate = admission income a / Total revenues b
a Admission income[Admission income] in the "Survey of Selected Service Industries(movie theater)"b Total income[Total income] in the "Survey of Selected Service Industries (movie
theater)"○ Estimation of Value-added
Value-added was estimated by subtracting the data for movie showing from theValue-added total in Sector 841 (motion picture theater)

68

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries[Formula]
Value-added(Admission)=Value-added(Admission and Stand)×Admission rate
・Admission income rate
[Admission income rate] obtained by Estimation of Value of products
・Value-added (include value-added from sales of goods)[Formula] Value-added (include value-added from sales of goods)=Value of products
A- Intermediate Input (Total expenses B-Depreciation expenses C)
A Value of products[Incomes] in Sector 841 (motion picture theaters) in the "Survey on Service
industries"
B Total expenses[Total expenses] in Sector 841 (motion picture theaters) in the "Survey on
Service industries"
C Depreciation expenses[Formula] Depreciation expenses = Value of products a × Ratio ofdepreciation expenses b
a Value of products[Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of productsb Depreciation expenses rate
[Ratio of depreciation expenses] in Class 792(motion picture theaters) inthe "Statistics from Analysis of Corporate Financial Statements"○ Compensation for statistical data
The "Survey on Service Industries" is published once every five years, and thefiscal 2004 edition was the most recent. Data for fiscal 2003 and the fiscal years after2005 are estimates made by application of the rate of change between 1999 and 2004 in
the movie theater admission revenue in the section on movie theaters in the "Survey on
Service Industries”.
Figure 3-27 Admission income of movie theaters and the rate of increase relative
2003
Admission income(million yen)
Rate of change(%)

to the previous year
2004
2005

2006

2007

(273,320)

275,533(277,764)(280,013)(282,280)

100.8%

100.8%

100.8%

100.8%

100.8%

Source: "Survey on Service Industries (Movie theater)"(Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)69

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2005, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for other fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products(2005) = Value of products(2004)×Rate of change[Formula] Value-added(2005) = Value-added(2004)×Rate of change(2) Theater [Supplementary statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey of Selected Service Industries
×✓(Legitimate theater)
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate Financial✓✓
Statements
○

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

✓

✓

✓

Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Admission income A + Renting Income B
・A Admission income[Annual Sales] as income of admission fee to theaters in Survey of Selected
Service Industries (Legitimate theater)
B Renting income:[Annual sales] as income of renting theaters in the Survey of Selected Service
Industries, Legitimate theater○

Estimation of Value added〔Formula〕Value-added = Sales A – Operating expenses B + Compensation of
Employees C + Depreciation expense D + Indirect taxes E
A Sales:
Annual sales in the “Survey on Selected Service Industries, Legitimate theater”
B Operating expenses:
Annual Operating Expenses in the “Survey on Selected Service Industries,
Legitimate theater”
C Compensation of Employees:
Total Wages & Salaries Paid in the “Survey on Selected Service Industries,
Legitimate theater”
D Depreciation expense[Formula] Depreciation expense = Value of products a × Depreciation Rate b
a Value of products:

70Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Annual sales in the Survey on Selected Service Industries, Legitimate theaterb Depreciation rate
Ratio of depreciation expenses to sales in sector 801(Legitimate theater) in theStatistics from Analysis of Corporate Financial Statements.
E Indirect taxes:
Annual Sales of in the “Survey on Selected Service Industries, Legitimate
theater” × 5%○

Compensation for statistical data
“Survey of Selected Service Industries, Legitimate theater” is conducted andpublished every three years. Fiscal 2004 was he most recent year in which the survey
was conducted. The data for fiscal 2003 and the fiscal years after 2005 are estimates
made by using the change rate between 2001 and 2004 in terms of the movie theater
admission revenue, which are available in the “Survey of Selected Service Industries,
Legitimate Theater.”Figure 3-28 Annual Sales of Visual Information Production/ Distribution Services andthe rate of change over the previous year
2003
Market scale(in million yen)
Year-on-year change(%)(103,799)
105.3%

2004

2005

109,285 (115,061)
105.3%

2006

2007(121,142)(127,545)

105.3%

105.3%

105.3%

Source: “Survey of Selected Service Industries, Legitimate Theater”
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2005, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for other fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products(2005)=Value of products(2004)×Rate of change[Formula] Value-added(2005)=Value-added(2004)×Rate of change(3) Theatrical company, band and orchestra (Combined type)In the "Survey on Service Industries”, Sector 763, Theatrical companies (which was
the classification as of fiscal 1999. In fiscal 2004, and this sector was integrated into
the sector of Performance Facilities and Performance Companies) includes data for71

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

groups entertaining through sports, etc., athletic as well as theatrical and musicalcompanies. Data for theatrical company and band & orchestra are estimates made byusing the share of “Theaters” in “Theaters and Performance Facilities.”○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service Industries
×✓Annual Report on National Income Statistics
✓
✓

2005
×
✓

2006
×
✓

2007
×
✓

○ Estimation of Value of products
Figure 3-29 Industrial Structure Surrounding “Theatrical Companies and Band & Orchestra”
762 Performance
Theaters & Performance
Facilities (excluding thoseindicated separately)
Dramatic
companies,
Orchestraand dancing
companies

Dramatic companies,
Orchestra anddancing companies

rate

763 Theatricalcompanies

Theatricalcompanies rate

842 Performances (except
otherwise classified),
Theatrical companies

Theatricalcompanies

Survey on Service industries(Fiscal 1999)

Survey on Service industries(Fiscal 2004)［Formula］Value of precuts ＝ Value of products of all Theatrical Companies, Bands& Orchestras, and Performance Companies A× Performance Company
rate B×Theatrical Company, and Band & Orchestra rate C
A Value of products of Theatrical Companies, Band & Orchestra, and Performance
Companies：「 Incomes」 of Sector 763, Theatrical Companies in the［ Survey on Service
Industries］
B Performance Company rate ：［Formula］Performance Company rate＝ Income of “Performance Companies” a÷(a＋ Income of “Performance Theatres & Performance Facilities(excluded those indicated separately)” b)a

Income of “Performance Companies” ：[Incomes] of “Theatrical Companies” in the “Survey on Service Industries”

b Income of “Performance Theaters & Performance Facilities (excluding thoseindicated separately)：72

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries[Incomes] of “Performance Theaters & Performance Facilities (excluding
those indicated separately)” in the “Survey on Service Industries”
C Theatrical Company & Orchestra rate：［ Formula ］ Theatrical Company, and Band & Orchestra rate ＝ Value of
products of Performing theaters a÷Value of products by Performing theaters &Performance facilities b
a Value of products of Performing theaters：［Value of products］of Performing theaters in this “Survey”
b Value of products of Performing theaters & Performance facilities：［Incomes］of Sector 762 Theatrical Companies in the “Survey on Service
Industries”○ Estimation of Value-added
As was done for the Value of products, the share of theatrical companies andorchestras in total relevant companies was used to make estimation by applying theValue added of Sector 763, Theatrical Companies in the “Survey on Service Industries.”［ Formula ］ Value-added (Theatrical companies and orchestras) ＝ Value-added(Performing companies) × Performing Company rate× Rate of Theatrical Company& Orchestra
・Value-added (Performing Companies)［Formula］Value-added ＝ Value of productsA－Intermediate input(Ordinary
expensesB－Depreciation expenseC)
A Value of products：［Incomes］in Sector 763 Theatrical Companies in the “Survey on Service
Industries”
BOrdinary expenses：［Ordinary expenses］in Sector 763 Theatrical Companies in the “Survey on
Service Industries”
C Depreciation expenses：［Formula］Depreciation expenses ＝ Value of products a× Depreciation
Rate ba Value of products：［Incomes］in Sector 763 Theatrical Companies in the “Survey on Service
Industries”
b Depreciation rate：［Depreciation rate to sales］ in Sector 802 Performance Companies in73

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

the “Annual Report on National Income Statistics”
・Performance Company rate ：［Formula］ Performance company rate = Income of “Performance Company”A

÷(A＋ Income of “Theaters & Performance Facilities” (excluding
those indicated separately)B

A Income of “Performance Companies”：［ Incomes］ of “Performance Companies” in the “Survey on Service
Industries”
B Incomes of “Theaters & Performance Facilities (excluding those indicatedseparately)：［ Incomes ］ of “Theaters & Performance Facilities (excluding thoseindicated separately)・Theatrical Company & Orchestra rate：［Formula］Theatrical Company & Orchestra rate ＝ Theater rate ＝ Value of
Products (Theater) A÷ Value of products (Theaters & Performance Facilities”)B
A Value of products(Theaters)：
Value of products in (2) “Theater” above
BValue of products (Theater & Performance Facilities)：［Incomes］of Performance Facilities in Sector 762, Theaters in the“Survey on Service Industries”

74

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries10) Game Software (Supplementary Type)(1) Game Software [Basic statistics plus supplementary statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
CESA Game White Paper(CESA* 1)✓✓
Survey on Amusement Industries✓✓(JAMMA, AOU, NSA *2)

2005
✓

2006
✓

2007
✓

✓

✓

✓

*1: CESA (Computer Entertainment Software Association)*2: JAMMA (Japan Amusement Machinery Manufacturers Association, AOU(All
Nippon Amusement Machine Operators’ Union), NSA(Nihon Shopping Center
Amusement Park Operators Association)○ Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Game software for home use A+ Game software for business use B
A Game software for home use
Game software for home use [Domestic]+[Exportation] in the "CESA GameWhite Paper"
B Game software for business use[Sales] of amusement machine for business use in "Survey on Amusement
Industries"×Software rate aa Software rate
Sales in the game software industry consist of the sum of hardware andsoftware sales. Data for fiscal 1998 and succeeding years present subtotals
for software sales.

These data were used to calculate the share of the total

occupied by software.
○ Estimation of Value-added
Value-added was estimated by applying the Value-added rate in Software Industryof this survey.
[Formula] Value-added = Value of products A×Value-added rate B
A Value of products[Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of products
B Value-added rate75

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries[Formula] Value-added rate = Value-added (Software industry) a / Value of
products (Software industry) b
a Value-added(Software industry)[Value-added] obtained by Estimation of Value of products ((2) 1)
Software)b Value of products(Software industry)[Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of products ((2) 1)
Software)76

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries11) Entertainment Facilities(1) Amusement Arcade (Basic statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service Industries
×✓Survey on Amusement Industry *✓✓Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements

2005
×
✓

2006
×
✓

2007
×
✓

✓

✓

✓

(*)JAMMA (Japan Amusement Machinery Manufacturers Association), AOU (All
Nippon Amusement Operators’ Union), NSC (Nihon Shopping Center Amusement Park
Operator’s Association)○ Estimation of Value of products［Formula］Value of products ＝［Incomes］in Sector 84K, Game Arcade in the “Survey
on Service Industries”○ Estimation of Value-added
Value-added was estimated by using Value-added rate in Sector 84K, Game Arcadein the “Survey on Service Industries.”［Formula］ Value-added (Game Arcade) ＝ Value of products A－ Intermediate Input(Operating expenses B－Depreciation rate C)
A Value of products：［Incomes］ of in Sector 84K, Game Arcade in the “Survey on Service
Industries.”
B Ordinary expenses：［Ordinary expenses］in Sector 84K, Game Arcade in the “Survey on Service
Industries.”
C Depreciation expenses：［Formula］Depreciation expenses ＝ Value of products a× Depreciation
rate ba Value of products：
Value of products calculated in the above itemb Depreciation rate：［Depreciation rate to sales］in Setgment 807 Amusement & Recreation

77

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Facilities in the “Statistics from Analysis of Corporate Financial
Statements”○ Compensation of for statistics data
The “Survey on Service Industries” is published once every five years, and thelatest edition is for fiscal 2004. The survey on Section 84K, Game Arcade was
implemented since fiscal 2004. As such, the data for fiscal 2003 and 2005 and preceding
years were estimated by using the growth rate of sales on operation in the Survey on
Amusement Industry.”
Figure 3-30 Sales on Operation and the rate of increase from the previous year
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Incomes (million yen)
637,700 649,200 682,500 702,900 678,100
Rate of change(%)
105.3%
101.8%
105.1%
103.0%
96.5%(Source)Survey on Amusement Industry (*)(*)JAMMA (Japan Amusement Machinery Manufacturers Association), AOU (All
Nippon Amusement Operators’ Union), NSC (Nihon Shopping Center Amusement Park
Operator’s Association)
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2005, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for other fiscal years for which data were not available.
〔Formula〕Value of products in 2005 = Value of products in 2004 × Rate of change〔Formula〕Value added in 2005 = Value added in 2004 × Rate of change(2) Karaoke Box (Supplementary type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Karaoke White Paper✓✓
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements
Financial Statement Report of Karaoke Box✓✓
Company○ Estimation of Value of products

78

2005
✓

2006
✓

2007
✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries［Formula］Value of products ＝ ［Karaoke Box market scale］ in the user-market scalein the “Karaoke White Paper”○ Estimation of Value-added
The Value-added was estimated by using the Value-added rate of Karaoke
Industry, which was calculated with the data in financial statement of Karaoke
Industry.
［Formula］Value-added＝ Value of products × Value-added rate
・Value of products：
Value of products in Karaoke industry obtained in the above formula・Value-added rate
［Formula］Value-added rate＝Σ｛Value-added of each companyA｝÷Σ｛Value of
products of each companyB｝
A Value-added of each company：［Formula］Value-added ＝ Compensation of Employees a＋Operating surplus b＋ Depreciation expenses c＋ Indirect tax daCompensation of Employees：［Employment expenses］＋［Labor costs］in P/L statementb Operating surplus:［Operating profit］in P/L Statementc

Depreciation expenses：［Depreciation expenses］in P/L statementdIndirect tax：
［Sales］ in P/L statement ×５%

B Value of products of each company：［Sales］ in P/L statement＊ “Value-added rate” by the above formula was calculated based on the datain the financial statement report of company which has made continuous
disclosure.

(3) Theme Park [Basic statistics plus supplementary statistics type]In the "Survey on Service Industries”, theme parks are included in Sector 845(public gardens and amusement parks).

The value of products was based on thetheme park data presented in the amusement and theme park section of the79Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries"Preliminary Report on the Survey of Selected Service Industries”.

Value-added wasestimated by proportional division from the Sector 845 (public gardens and amusement
parks) data using the theme park value of product data.
○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004 2005
Survey on Service industries
×
✓
×

2006
×

2007
×

Survey of Selected Service Industries(Amusement / Theme park)
Survey of Vital Statistics of Selected
Service Industries (Amusement / Themepark)
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate
Financial Statements

×

✓

×

×

×

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

○ Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Admission income
・Admission income[Admission income of Theme park] in the "Survey of Selected Service Industries(Amusement / Theme park)"○ Estimation of Value-added[Formula] Value-added(Theme park)=Value-added(public gardens and amusement
parks)×Theme park occupy rate
・Value-added(public gardens and amusement parks)[Formula] Value-added(public gardens and amusement parks)=Value of products
A- Intermediate Input ( Total expenses B-Depreciation expenses

C)

A Value of products[Incomes] in Sector 845(public gardens and amusement parks) in the"Survey on Service industries"
B Total expenses[Total expenses] in Sector 845 (public gardens and amusement parks) in the"Survey on Service industries"
C Depreciation expenses[Formula] Depreciation expenses = Value of products a × Ratio ofdepreciation expenses b
a Value of products[Value of products] obtained by the above formula for Estimation of80

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Value of productsb Depreciation rate
[Depreciation rate to Sales] in Class 806 (public gardens andamusement parks) in the "Statistics from Analysis of Corporate
Financial Statements"
・Theme park proportion:[Theme park proportion]=Value of products (Theme park)a / Value of
products(public gardens and amusement parks) b
a Value of products(Theme park)[Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of productsb Value of products(public gardens and amusement parks)[Incomes] in Sector 845 (public gardens and amusement parks) in the"Survey on Service industries"○ Compensation for statistical data
The section on amusement and theme parks in the "Survey on Service Industries"
is published once every three years, the last two being the fiscal 2001 and 2004 editions.
Data for years in which the research was not undertaken were obtained by linear
supplementation.
Disclosure of data on the amusement and theme park section in the "Survey ofVital Statistics of Selected Service Industries” has been published since fiscal 2000.
In contrast to the "Survey of Selected Service Industries”, which covers all
establishments, it covers only top-ranked companies in terms of sales and data aredisclosed on a monthly basis.

It therefore compensates for the gaps left by the former.

Data for fiscal 2005 were estimated using the rate of increase relative to the previous
year from it.
Figure 3-31 Annual sales and the growth rate to the previous year

Admission incomes(million yen)
Growth rate(%)

in the theme park industry
2003
2004
2005

2006

2007

(180,239)

190,970(200,728)(216,871)(230,409)

106.0%

106.0%

97.8%

108.0%

106.2%

Source: "Survey of Selected Service Industries (Amusement / Theme park)" (Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry)"Survey of Vital Statistics of Selected Service Industries (Amusement / Themepark)" (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)81

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2005, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for other fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products (2005) = value of products (2004) × Growth rate toprevious year
[Formula] Value added (2005) = Value added (2004) × Growth rate to previous year82

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

12) Design(1) Design [Basic statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service industries
×✓
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

✓

✓

✓

○ Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Incomes
・Incomes[Incomes] in Sector 80H (design service) in the "Survey on Service industries"○ Estimation of Value-added[Formula] Value-added = Value of products A- Intermediate Input ( Total expenses
B-Depreciation expenses C)
A Value of products[Incomes] in Sector 80H (design service) in the "Survey on Service industries"
B Total expenses[Total expenses] in Sector 80H (design service) in the "Survey on Service
industries"
C Depreciation expenses[Formula] Depreciation expenses = Value of products a×Depreciation rate b
a Value of products[Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of productsb Depreciation rate
[Depreciation rate to Sales] in Class 851-2(advertising) in the "Statistics
from Analysis of Corporate Financial Statements"○ Compensation for statistical data
The "Survey of Selected Service Industries (Designing) " is published once every
five years. The most recent edition was fiscal 2004. Data for years in which the survey
was not implemented were estimated by linear compensation.

83

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Figure 3-32 Incomes and the rate of change relative to the previous year

Annual incomes(million yen)
Rate of change(%)

in the design industry
2004
2005
2003

2006

2007

(629,437)

620,813(612,307)(603,917)(595,642)

98.6%

98.6%

98.6%

98.6%

98.6%

Source: "Survey of Selected Service Industries (Designing)"
These figures were used to estimate the value of products and value-added infiscal 2005, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done forother fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products(2005)=Value of products(2004)×Rate of change[Formula] Value-added(2005) = Value-added(2004)×Rate of change

84

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries13) Architecture(1) Architectural Design [Basic statistics plus supplementary statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service industries
×✓
Statistics on Construction undertaken✓✓
Cost Analysis Information for Building Works
××
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements

2005
×
✓
×

2006
×
✓
×

2007
×
×(*)
×

✓

✓

✓

* Survey results not yet released since fiscal 2007.
○ Estimation of Value of products
There are no statistics for the architectural design industry as such.

The scale ofthe market was estimated by multiplication of the scale of the entire architectural(architectural construction) market by the share of all expenses occupied by those fordesign.
[Formula] Value of products (construction) = Value of Products (House) a + Value of
Products (Non-house) b
a Value of Products (House)[House construction] in the "Statistics on Construction undertaken"

b Value of Products (Non-house)[Non-house construction] in the "Statistics on Construction undertaken"
The market for architectural design was regarded as consisting of economic
activities based on that portion of the completed construction value occupied by design
costs. Therefore, it was estimated by multiplying the value of products by these
design-cost rates.

The estimation employed average design cost rates over the fiscal

years 1994 - 1997.
[Formula] Value of products (architectural design) = Value of Products (House)×architectural design rate (House) c+ Value of Products (Non-house) ×architectural design rate (Non-house) dc Architectural design rate (House)
Average of [architectural design rate] in construction cost structure (housing)85

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

in the "Cost Analysis Information for Building Works*"d Architectural design rate (Non-house)
Averageof[architecturaldesignrate]

inconstruction

cost

structure(non-housing) in the "Cost Analysis Information for Building Works*"* "Cost Analysis Information for Building Works" (published by the Management Research Society for
Construction Industry) went out of publication in 1997.

For this reason, the average values for rates over theyears 1995 - 1997 were used in the estimates for the years 1999 - 2007.

○ Estimation of Value-added
In the "Survey on Service Industries”, architectural design is included in Sector
805 (Engineering and Architectural services). The value of products (completed
constructions)wasestimatedfrom"StatisticsonConstruction

undertaken”.

Value-added was estimated by proportional distribution in Sector 805 data based on
the results of the estimation of the value of products.
[Formula] Value-added = Value of products×Value-added rate
・Value of products[Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of products(Value-added rate)[Formula] Value-added rate = Value-added / Value of products
・Value-added[Formula] Value-added = Value of products A- Intermediate Input ( Total expenses
B-Depreciation expenses C)
A Value of products[Incomes] in Sector 805 (architectural services) in the "Survey on Service
industries"
B Total expenses[Total expenses] in Sector 805 (architectural services) in the "Survey on
Service industries"
C Depreciation expenses[Formula] Depreciation expenses = Value of products a × Ratio ofdepreciation expenses b
a Value of products[Incomes] in Sector 805 (architectural services) in the "Survey on

86Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Service industries"b Depreciation expenses rate
[Ratio of depreciation expenses] in Class 874(Engineering andArchitectural services) in the "Statistics from Analysis of Corporate
Financial Statements"
・Value of products[Incomes] in Sector 805 (architectural services) in the "Survey on Service
industries"○ Compensation for statistical data
Data on construction works and execution have not yet been published for 2007.
Accordingly, data were supplemented on the assumption that the rate of increase in
the scale of the construction industry market from fiscal 2006 to fiscal 2007 was thesame as that from fiscal 2005 to fiscal 2006.
[Formula] Value of products(2007)=Value of products(2006)×｛Value of products(2006) /Value of products(2005)｝[Formula] Value-added(2007)=Value-added(2006)×｛Value-added(2006) / Value-added(2005)｝

87

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

14) Libraries and Museums(1) Libraries○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service industries
×✓
Statistics on Libraries in Japan✓✓
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements

2005
×
✓

2006
×
✓

2007
×
✓

✓

✓

✓

○ Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Value of products (Public libraries) A + Value of products(Universities and Colleges) B
A Value of products (Public libraries)[Formula] Value of products (Public libraries) = Ordinary expenses a + Temporary
expenses b + Material cost c + Extra Material cost da Ordinary expenses[Ordinary expenses] of public libraries in the "Statistics on Libraries in Japan"
b Extra expenses[Temporary expenses] of public libraries in the "Statistics on Libraries inJapan"c Material cost[Material cost] of public libraries in the "Statistics on Libraries in Japan"
d Extra Material cost
[Extra Material cost] of public libraries in the "Statistics on Libraries inJapan"B Value of products (Universities and Colleges)[Formula] Value of products (Universities and Colleges) = Ordinary expenses a+Material cost b + Temporary expenses ca Ordinary expenses[Ordinary expenses] of public libraries in the "Statistics on Libraries in Japan"b Material cost[Material cost] of public libraries in the "Statistics on Libraries in Japan"c Temporary expenses[Temporary expenses] of public libraries in the "Statistics on Libraries inJapan"

88

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries○ Estimation of Value-added[Formula] Value-added = [Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of product×Value-added rate
(Value-added rate)[Formula] Value-added rate = Value-added / Value of products
・Value-added[Formula] Value-added = Value of products A- Intermediate Input ( Total expenses
B-Depreciation expenses C)
A Value of products[Incomes] in the entire service sector in the "Survey on Service Industries"
B Total expenses[Total expenses] in the entire service sector in the "Survey on Service
Industries"
C Depreciation expenses[Formula] Depreciation expenses = Value of products a × Ratio ofdepreciation expenses b
a Value of products[Incomes] in the entire service sector in the "Survey on Service
Industries"b Depreciation expenses rate
[Ratio of depreciation expenses] in the entire service sector in the"Survey on Service Industries"
・Value of products[Incomes] in the entire service sector in the "Survey on Service Industries"(2) Art Museums [Supplementary statistics type (Special)]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Museum General Research Report×✓
Annual Report on National Income Statistics✓✓
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements

2005
×
✓

2006
×
✓

2007
×
✓

✓

✓

✓

○ Estimation of Value of products
The "Museum General Research Report" exhibits the results of a questionnaire

89

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

survey on incomes, targeted at art museums throughout the country.

The Value of

products was estimated by using the data in such report.
［Formula］Value of products ＝ Average of total incomes A× Number of museum B
A Average of total incomes：［Average of total incomes］of all museums in the “Museum General Research
Report”
B Number of art museum：［ Formula ］ Number of art museums ＝ Number of all museums a ÷Percentage by type b
a Number of all museums［Number of all museums］in the “Museum White Paper”
b Percentage by type
［Percentage by type］of art museum in the “Museum White Paper”○ Estimation of Value-added［Formula］Value-added ＝ Value of products as calculated in the above formula for“Estimation of Value of products” × Value-added rate
(Value-added rate)［Formula］Value-added rate ＝ Value-added ÷ Value of products
・Value-added：［Formula］Value-added ＝ Value of products A－ Intermediate input(Ordinary
expenses B－ Depreciation expenses C)
A Value of products：［Incomes］ in Sector 77C Museums & Art Museums in the “Survey on
Service Industries”
BOrdinary expenses：［Ordinary expenses］in Sector 77C, Museums & Art Museums” in the“Survey on Service Industries”
C Depreciation expenses：［Formula］Depreciation expenses ＝ Value of products a× Depreciation
rate ba Value products：［Incomes］in Sector 77C Museums & Art Museums in the “Survey on
Service Industries”

90Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

b Depreciation rate：
Average of［Depreciation rate to sales］ in Service Industries in the“Statistics from Analysis of Corporate Financial Statements”
・Value of products：［Incomes］ in Sector 77C Museums & Art Museums in the “Survey on Service
Industries”○ Compensation for statistical data
The surveys were not conducted since fiscal 2005 and the preceding years tocompile the statistics on the "Museum White Paper". Data for fiscal 2005 and thesubsequent years, which official statistics was not available, were estimated by using
the income growth rate relative to the previous year in Sector 77C Museums & Art
Museums in the “Survey on Service Industries” for fiscal years of 1999 – 2004.
Figure 3-33 Incomes of Museums & Art Museums and the rate of increase relative tothe previous year
Scale of market(million yen)
Change of rate (%)

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

(36,299 )32,511(29,118 )(26,080 )(23,358 )

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

Source: Survey on Service Industries
These figures were used for calculation of the value of products and value-added infiscal 2005, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.
[Formula] Value of products(2005)=Value of products(2004)×Rate of change[Formula] Value-added(2005)=Value-added(2004)×Rate of change91

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries15) Authors and Artists(1) Authors and Artists, Musician [Basic statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service industries
×✓Annual Report on National Income Statistics✓✓
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements

2005
×
✓

2006
×
✓

2007
×
✓

✓

✓

✓

○ Estimation of Value of products[Formula] Value of products = Incomes
・Incomes[Incomes] in Sector 807(authors and artists) in the "Survey on Service industries"○ Estimation of Value-added[Formula] Value-added = Value of products A- Intermediate Input ( Ordinary expenses
B-Depreciation expenses C)
A Value of products[Incomes] in Sector 807 (authors and artists) in the "Survey on Service
industries"
B Ordinary expenses[Ordinary expenses] in Sector 875 (authors and artists) in the "Survey on
Service industries"
C Depreciation expenses[Formula] Depreciation expenses = Value of products a×Ratio of depreciation
expenses b
a Value of products[Value of products] obtained by Estimation of Value of productsb Depreciation expenses rate
[Depreciation rate to Sales] in Class 807 (authors and artists) in the"Statistics from Analysis of Corporate Financial Statements"○ Compensation for statistical data
Editions of the "Survey on Service Industries" are published every five years. The

92

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

latest one is the fiscal 2004 edition.
Data for fiscal 2003 and fiscal years after 2005 in the sector of Authors and Artists,
for which statistics are not available, were estimated by using the income increase rate
between 1999 and 2004 in sector 807(authors and artists) in the "Survey on Service
Industries”.

Figure 3-34 Incomes in Sector Author & Artist and the rate of change relative to the

2003
Scale of the market(100million yen)
Rate of change(%)

previous year
2004

2005

2006

2007

(7,237)6,550(5,928)(5,365)(4,855)

90.5%

90.5%

90.5%

90.5%

90.5%

Source: "Survey on Service Industries”
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2005, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for other fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Value of products (2005) = value of products (2004) × Rate of change[Formula] Value added (2005) = value added (2004) × Rate of change

93Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

6. Calculation procedure for value-added
Estimation of value-added requires data for items indicative of cost structure. The
only sources posting cost-structure data are the basic statistics (both the "Census of
Manufactures" and "Survey on Service Industries"). The estimation of value-added inthis survey is based on the basic statistics. However, when the basic statistics are
difficult to use for this purpose owing to the nature of the industry or other suchreasons, value-added was estimated with the use of data from the financial statement
reports of enterprises making continuous disclosure in the industry or by applying
value-added data for the entire service sector.
This section summarizes the procedure and process of estimation of value-added
based on the basic statistics and data from financial statement reports.
1) Estimation of value-added based on data from the "Census of Manufactures"
Figure 3-35 below shows the definition of value-added in the "Annual Report on
National Income Statistics”, which defines the GDP, and the corresponding items ofdata compilation in the "Census of Manufactures". Because social security
contributions and operating surpluses are not included in the "Census of
Manufactures", compensation was made by applying data from two additional sources,
i.e., "Public Welfare and Health Cost Survey" and "Statistics from Analysis ofCorporate Financial Statements".
Figure 3-35 Items related to Value Added in the "Annual Report on National Income
Statistics" and the corresponding items in the "Census of Manufactures""Annual Report on National Income Statistics" Statistics used and corresponding
items
Value- Compensation Salaries,"Census of Manufactures"
Employment income
Total cash wages and Salaries Paid
added of employees
Bonus
Retirement payments
Other procurement
Social Security"Public Welfare and Health Cost
Contributions
Survey"Operating surplus[Cost rate to sales] and [Generaladministrative expenses rate tosales] in the "Statistics from
Analysis of Corporate Financial
Statements"

94

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Consumption of fixed capital[Disposal expenses of tangible fixed
assets] and [Depreciation expensesof tangible fixed assets] from“Census of Manufactures”

Indirect taxes

Value upon multiplication of theValue of products by the indirect tax
rate of 5 % (3 % for 1997 and prioryears)

The following calculation formula therefore was used for estimation ofvalue-added from the "Census of Manufactures”.
[Formula]
Value-added = Compensation of employees A + Operating surplus B + Depreciation
Expense C + Indirect Taxes D
A Compensation of employees (*1)
[Total cash wages and Salaries Paid] in the "Census of Manufactures"×Payment
correction rate
B Operating surplus (*2)
[Formula]
Operating surplus = Value of products a×(1 – Sales Cost rate to total sales b –SG&A rate to Sales c)
a Value of products[Value of Shipment] in the "Census of Manufactures"
b Sales cost rate to total sales[Sales cost rate to total sales] in the "Statistics from Analysis ofCorporate Financial Statements"c SG&A rate to Sales[SG&A rate to Sales] in the "Statistics from Analysis of Corporate
Financial Statements"
C Depreciation Expense[Formula]
Depreciation Expense = Disposal expenses of tangible fixed assets d +Depreciation of tangible fixed assets e
d Disposal expenses of tangible fixed assets[Disposal expenses of tangible fixed assets] in the "Census of
Manufactures"e Depreciation of tangible fixed assets

95

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries[Depreciation of tangible fixed assets] in the "Census of Manufactures"
D Indirect Taxes (*3)[Formula]
Indirect Taxes = Value of products f×Indirect Taxes rate g
f Value of products[Value of Shipment] in the "Census of Manufactures"g Indirect Taxes rate
Indirect tax rate of 5 %(*1)
In the "Census of Manufactures”, data for total cash wages and salaries paid does
not include social security contributions, which are included in compensation of
employees as defined in the "Annual Report on National Income Statistics”. For thisreason, social security contributions were estimated by using data for the breakdown ofcompensation of employees in each industry in the "Public Welfare and Health Cost
Survey" (Japan Federation of Employers’ Associations). The formula applied in thiscalculation is shown below.
[Formula] Payment correction rate = [Total cash wages and Salaries Paid + Legal
welfare expenses] in the "Public Welfare and Health Cost Survey" / [Total cash
wages and Salaries Paid] in the "Census of Manufactures"
Figure 3-36 Comparison of items in the "Public Welfare and Health Cost Survey" andthe "Census of Manufactures""Census of Manufactures""Public Welfare and Health
Cost Survey"
Total cash wages andSalaries Paid
Legal welfare expenses*

✓

✓

×

✓

(*) Legal welfare expenses; Employees’ pension insurance, Employment insurance,
Health insurance(*2)
Generally speaking, the Value of products (which is regarded as sales for business
entities) consists of sub-categories of sales cost, SG&A, and operating profit. As such,the operating profit (rate) can be calculated by the following formula.
[Formula] Operating Profit (rate)=[1- Sales Cost to total sales (rate)- SG&A to total
sales (rate)]

96

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries(*3)
Indirect taxes were simplified along with the introduction of the national
consumption tax, which currently accounts for the majority.

The other main indirect

taxes are the liquor tax, tobacco tax, gasoline tax, securities transaction tax, andcustoms duty.

In this survey, it was assumed that indirect taxes other than the

consumption tax do not have a great influence on the copyright industry.
Therefore, the indirect tax value can be equated with the product of multiplicationof the taxable amount by the consumption tax rate (5 %).
[Formula] Indirect Taxes = Value of products×5%2) Estimation of value-added based on data from the "Survey on Service Industries"
Figure 3-37 shows the definition of value-added in the "Annual Report on National
Income Statistics”, which defines the GDP, and the corresponding items of datacompilation in the "Survey on Service Industries".
Figure 3-37 Items related to Value-added in the "Annual Report on National Income
Statistics" and corresponding items in the "Survey on Service Industries""Survey on Service Industries""Annual Report on National Income Statistics"
Value-added
Compensation Salaries,
Employment incomeof employees
Bonus
Retirement pay
Other procurement
Social Security
Contributions
Operating surplus
Consumption of fixed capitalIndirect taxes
Intermediate
Input(less) subsidies
Raw and processed material,
Fuel expenses
Services, Subcontract production costs,
daily allowance
Sales
and
generaladministrative
expenses
Advertising expenses
Transport expenses, Lodging expenses
Special expenses

97[Total wages and salaries] in the"Survey on Service Industries"[Total expenses] in the "Survey
on Service Industries"*The data for depreciation costs
are included.

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Welfare expenses(except legal welfare expenses)

Value-added cannot be estimated by adding up the values for the items composing
it in the "Survey on Service Industries”. It was instead estimated by subtracting theintermediate input from the Value of products. However, the data for depreciation costs,
which are included in the total expenses (i.e., the intermediate input), were excluded
from the calculation.
[Formula]
Value-added = Value of products - Intermediate Input[Ordinary expenses -Depreciation
Expense]・Value of products[Incomes] in the "Survey on Service Industries"
・Ordinary expenses[Ordinary expenses] in the "Survey on Service Industries"
・Depreciation Expense[Formula]
Depreciation Expense = Value of products× Depreciation expense rate
-Depreciation expense rate
[Depreciation expense rate to Sales] in the "Statistics from Analysis ofCorporate Financial Statements"
3) Estimation of value-added based on data from financial statement reports
Financial statement reports must be submitted every accounting year by all
enterprises that have issued at least 100million yen worth of securities or have theirstock listed on the stock exchange. They contain various financial statements.
As one such statement, P/L statements are sure to exhibit figures for compensation of
employees, operating surplus, and depreciation cost, which are indicators employed in
the calculation of value-added.

The level of value-added (and value-added rate) can becalculated by adding up the values for these items in income statements.
The items are ordinarily categorized as shown in Figure 3-38. However, many
enterprises combine two or more of these items into a single one.
Figure 3-38 Items required for estimation of value-added in income statements (@)

98

Copyright White Paper

Sales
Sales costs

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Breakdown
Cost of goods
Material cost
manufactured (*1)
Labor cost (*2)
Necessary
expenses

SG&A expenses

Depreciation
expenses
Outsourcing cost

Salaries
Bonus allowance Reserve
Director’s remuneration
Depreciation expenses
OthersRequired Items

✓
－
✓
－

Employment cost

Operating Profit

✓
✓
－
✓

(*1) In the case of service industries, this is the cost to provide services..
(*2) Personnel expenses for production.
[Formula] Value-added = Compensation of employees a + Operating surplus b +Depreciation Expense c + Indirect Taxes da Compensation of employees[Employment cost + Labor cost] in the "Income statement"b Operating surplus[Operating Profit] in the "Income statement"c Depreciation Expense[Depreciation Expense] in the "Income statement"d Indirect Taxes[Sales] in the "Income statement"×5%99

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

7. Deflator for statistical values
1) Deflator
Comparison of estimates of the scale of the copyright industry over each of the
fiscal years 1998 - 2007 requires conversion from current prices to constant prices (i.e.,
adjustment for the fluctuation in current prices due to inflation or deflation).

The

deflator announced for each year by the Economic and Social Research Institute,Cabinet Office, Government of Japan will be used to change the current prices into
constant prices based on calendar year of 2000.

Because separate deflators areannounced for each industrial sector, the survey applied that for the sector including
the constituent copyright industry.

Figure 3-28 shows the kind of deflator used ineach class of the copyright industry, and Figure 3-29, the corresponding deflator values.
Figure 3-39 Copyright industry classes and deflators used
Copyright industry classes

Deflator values used

1)Printing and

Printing and(1)Newspaper publishing

Publishing
Publishing(2)Book and Journal Publishing

Printing andPublishing(3)Printing (Newspaper and Book)

Printing andPublishing2)Computer Software (1)Software

Service(2)Data Processing and Information

Service

Provision3)Broadcasting4)Transmission5)Advertising
6)Music(1)Public Broadcasting

Service(2)Private Broadcasting

Service(3)Cable Broadcasting

Service(1)Internet Transmission

Telecommunication(2)Mobile Phone Network Transmission

Telecommunication(1)Commercial art and Graphic design

Service(2)Display

Service(1)Records, CDs and Tapes

Miscellaneous
Manufacturing(2)Record and CD rental

Service(3)Music Publishing

Service100

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries7)Motion Picture(1)Movie, Home video and TV program

Serviceproduction(2)Video Rental

Service(1) Photography

Service9)Legitimate Theater (1)Movie Theater

Service8) Photography(2)Theater

Service(3)Theatrical company, band andServiceorchestra10)Game Software(1)Game software

Service11)Entertainment(1)Amusement Arcade

Service(2)Karaoke Box

Service(3)Theme Park

Service12)Design(1)Design

Service13)Architecture(1)Architectural Design

Service14)Libraries and(1)Libraries

Service(2)Museums and Art galleriesService(1)Authors and Artists, Musician

Service

Facilities

Museums
15)Authors andArtists

Figure 3-40 Deflator values
1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

96.8

99.8

100.0

100.5

101.1

100.3

99.3

98.4

96.9

94.0

108.4

105.9

100.0

99.5

97.7

93.8

91.4

88.5

84.7

79.8

Service

101.1

100.5

100.0

98.2

96.2

94.0

92.4

90.1

88.4

88.0

Telecommunication

110.3

105.7

100.0

91.4

86.5

84.6

83.1

82.0

81.2

78.8

GDP

102.8

101.6

100.0

98.7

97.2

95.4

94.1

92.5

91.9

90.2

Industries
Printing andPublishing
Miscellaneous
Manufacturing

Source: " Annual Report on National Income " (Economic and Social Research Institute,Cabinet Office, Government of Japan)* The deflator values announced by the Economic and Social Research Institute,Cabinet Office, Government of Japan are not fixed; they are subject to revision.

This

is because various basic data for (more precise) deflator calculation are announced101Copyright White Paper

Chapter 3: Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

after the announcement of the (initial) deflator value.

Ordinarily, however, the(initial) value is not changed greatly, meaning that the adjustment is minimal.
2) Calculation of constant prices
The following formula was employed for calculation of constant prices using the
aforementioned deflator.
[Formula]
Actual prices = Σ[Nominal price/deflator value] in each industrial sector]

102

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 4: Overview of JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

Chapter 4: Overview of JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries
I. Definitions of JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industries
1. Definitions of JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industries
Business categories for the JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industries
correspond to the core copyright industry as per the table on the following page*1 inorder to provide data consistency. As a result, it should be noted that business sectors
excluded in the inter-dependent copyright industry as defined by the WIPO guidelines,
such as advertising and entertainment facilities, are included in the JCI classifications
for the industries.
The definition of the inter-dependent copyright industry for this white paper is set
as follows:

The inter-dependent copyright industry is an industry engaged in media used directly by
copyright end products and/or the production of components used by said media*2.

The total value added and the workforce of these sectors are estimated using thecorresponding business categories in the Manufacturing Census*3. The estimate data
does not include four of the media manufacturing sectors in JCI’s inter-dependent
copyright industry classifications, those being entertainment-related equipment,
design-related

equipment,

construction-related

equipment

andlibrary

andmuseum-related equipment, as equivalent categories do not exist in the Manufacturing
Census.
*1 Example: Publication and printing-related equipment in the media manufacturingsector of the inter-dependent copyright industry classifications corresponds to the
publication and printing sector in the core copyright industry classifications.
*2 Example: Paper and printing ink manufacturing is included, while printing
equipment manufacturing is not.
*3 Example: Publication and printing-related equipment in the media manufacturing103

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 4: Overview of JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

category corresponds to the 13 sectors listed from 152111: Newsprint rolls to 175591:
Printing ink (piecework) in the Manufacturing Census.

Figure 4-1 Sectors of JCI Classified Inter-Dependent Copyright Industries
No.
１

Sectors of JCI Classified
Core Copyright Industries

Sectors of JCI Classified
Inter-Dependent Copyright Industries

Printing & Publishing

Printing/ Publishing-related Equipment& Media Manufacturing Industries

２

Computer Software

Computer Software Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries

３

Broadcasting

Broadcasting-related

Equipment&

Media Manufacturing Industries
Transmission

Transmission-related

５

AdvertisingMedia Manufacturing Industries
Broadcasting-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries

６

Music

Music-related

４

Equipment

Equipment

&

&

Media

Manufacturing Industries
７

Motion Picture

MotionPicture-related

Equipment&

Media Manufacturing Industries
８

Photography

Photography-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries

９

Legitimate TheaterGame Software

Game Software-related Equipment &11

Entertainment Facilities

Media Manufacturing Industries
Entertainment Facility-related
Equipment & Media Manufacturing
Industries

12

Design13

Architecture

14

Libraries & Museums

10

15

Authors & Artists

Author-related

Equipment

Manufacturing Industries

104

&

Media

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 4: Overview of JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

II Overview on Scale of JCI-classified Inter-Dependent Copyright Industries
1. Overview on Scale of JCI-classified Inter-Dependent Copyright Industries
In fiscal 2007, the inter-dependent copyright industry in Japan reached an
estimated scale of 35,305 billion yen in terms of the value of products and 7,468 billion
yen in terms of the value-added (based on market prices in calendar year of 2000.) By
industry, the “Computer Software-related Equipment & Media Manufacturing
Industries” ranked first in terms of the value-added, followed in order by the“Broadcasting-related Equipment & Media Manufacturing Industries” and the“Photography-related Equipment & Media Manufacturing Industries.”
Figure 4-2 Scale of JCI Classified Inter-Dependent Copyright Industries (Fiscal 2007)(n billion yen)
Value ofproducts
１

Printing/ Publishing-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries

Computer２

Equipment

Value-added
Value

Proportion

2,100

557

7.5%

7,993

1,546

20.7%

3,432

643

8.6%

6,879

1,526

20.4%

2,903

734

9.8%

2,464

458

6.1%

4,502

1,165

15.6%

212

44

0.6%

473

147

2.0%

4,322

637

8.5%

Software-related
&

Media

Manufacturing

Industries

３

Broadcasting-related

Equipment&

Media Manufacturing Industries

４

Transmission-related

Equipment&

Media Manufacturing Industries

５

Music-related

Equipment

&

Media

Manufacturing Industries

６

Motion Picture-related Equipment&
Media Manufacturing Industries

７

Photography-related

Equipment&

Media Manufacturing Industries

８

Game Software-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries

９

Advertising-related Equipment &10

Entertainment

Media Manufacturing Industries

Facility-related105

Copyright White Paper

Equipment

Chapter 4: Overview of JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

&

Media

Manufacturing

Industries

11

Author-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries

Total of JCI Classified Inter-Dependent
Copyright Industries

26

11

0.1%

35,305

7,468

100.0%(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)
Of the above eleven sectors, the following three sectors are not included in the
WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries: “Advertising-related Equipment& Media Manufacturing Industries”; “Entertainment Facility-related Equipment &Media

Manufacturing

Industries”;

and“Author-related

Equipment

&

Media

Manufacturing Industries”. After deducting the value-added of 795 billion yen in thesethree industries from the total value-added of JCI-classified inter-dependent copyrightindustries of 7,468 billion yen, WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries
have generated the total value-added is 6,674 billion yen.

106

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 4: Overview of JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

2. Positioning of JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industry in the national
economyThe total of 7,468 billion yen in value-added produced by JCI-classified copyrightindustry in fiscal 2007 represents 1.3% of the gross domestic product (GDP).
The inter-dependent copyright industry produced the value-added of 3,715 billion yen
in fiscal year of 1998. During the period from fiscal 1998 to the current year, thisindustry has increased by 8.1% of average annual growth. Over the same period (fiscal
1998 – 2007), the GDP increased at a corresponding rate of 1.8%. As a result, theproportion of the inter-dependent copyright industry substantially rose from the levelof 0.8% recorded in fiscal 1998. In addition, it has increased by 0.4 point from that of
0.9% in fiscal 2002.
Figure 4-3 Positioning of the JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industry in thenational economy（billion yen）
8,000
7,000

1.4%
The value-added in the inter-dependent copyrightindustry
Propotion of the value-added（%）

1.2%

6,000

1.0%

5,000
0.8%
4,000
0.6%

3,000

0.4%

2,000

0.2%

1,000
0
1998 1999

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

0.0%
2005 2006 2007 （Fiscal Year）(in billion yen)
Average Annual
1998a)JCI-classified inter-dependent
copyright industryb)GDPProportion in GDP(a/b)

2002

2007

Growth

3,715

4,429

7,468

8.1%

490,499507,265

575,343

1.8%

0.8%

0.9%

1.3%

(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)
Source: GDP, “Annual Report on National Income” (Economic and Social ResearchInstitute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan)(fixed for fiscal 2007)107

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 4: Overview of JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

3. Growth factors for JCI-classified core copyright industry
A look at the growth in JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industry byindustrial sector reveals that nearly 30 percent (i.e., 29.3%) of this growth derives fromthe “Transmission-related Equipment & Media Manufacturing Industry.” In addition,
the “Photography-related Equipment & Media Manufacturing Industry” accounts for
19.9%,

followedbythe“Computer

Software-related

Equipment

&

Media

Manufacturing Industry” at 15.5% and the “Broadcasting-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industry” at 13.8%. For the change of proportion of each sector, theratio of the “Transmission-related Equipment & Media Manufacturing Industry” hasremarkably increased from 11.5% to 20.4%. Conversely, that of the “Printing/Publishing” has significantly declined from 16.6% to 7.5%.
Figure 4-4 Trend of value-added in the copyright industry by JCI classification (fiscal 1998-2007)(Billion yen)ValueProportion

Value

Proportion

Increase in the
value
added

617

16.6%

557

7.5%

-60

-1.6%

Media

965

26.0%

1,546

20.7%

582

15.5%

Media

123

3.3%

643

8.6%

520

13.8%

Media

427

11.5%

1,526

20.4%

1,100

29.3%

514

3.3%

734

2.0%

220

5.9%

252

13.8%

458

9.8%

206

5.5%

419

6.8%

1,165

6.1%

746

19.9%

1998

Printing/
１

2007

Rate ofcontrib
ution

Publishing-related

Equipment & Media Manufacturing
Industries

Computer２

Equipment

Software-related&

Manufacturing Industries

Broadcasting-related
３

Equipment&

Manufacturing Industries

Transmission-related
４

Equipment&

Manufacturing Industries
５

Music-related

Equipment&

Media Manufacturing Industries

Motion６

Picture-related

Equipment& Media Manufacturing
Industries

７

Photography-related108

Copyright White Paper

Equipment

Chapter 4: Overview of JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

&

Media

Manufacturing IndustriesGame８

Equipment

Software-related
&

Media

100

2.7%

44

0.6%

-55

-1.5%

121

4.4%

147

8.5%

26

0.7%

163

0.4%

637

0.1%

474

12.6%

15

11.3%

11

15.6%

-4

-0.1%

3,715

100.0%

7,468

100.0%

3,753

100.0%

Manufacturing Industries
９

Advertising-related Equipment& Media Manufacturing Industries

Entertainment Facility-related
10

Equipment

&

Media

Manufacturing Industries
11

Author-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries

Total in Copyright Industries(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)
Note: Rate of contribution = increase in the value-added in one sector/ increase in thevalue-added in the overall industry

109

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 4: Overview of JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

Ⅲ . Estimation method of the scale of JCI-classified inter-dependent
copyright industries
1. Data used in estimation
The Inter-dependent copyright industry is defined as the industry engaged inmedia used directly by copyright end products and/or the production of components
used by said media. The data employed in estimation, therefore, are mainly those
disclosed in “Census of Manufactures”, unlike the calculation method applied in thecore copyright industry. In addition, the data in the “Statistics from Analysis ofCorporate Financial Statements” are used for calculating the rate of sales cost to sales
and the SG&A rate to sales.
○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Census of Manufacturers✓✓
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements

2005
✓

2006
✓

2007
✓

✓

✓

✓

2. Preconditions of statistics
All estimates are made on a fiscal year basis.
3. Calculation method of the Value of products
Estimation of the Value of products of the inter-dependent copyright industries ismade by using the data of the Value of Shipment in “Census of Manufacturers.” It isnecessary to note that the figure in a single sector of JCI classification represents of theaggregation of the figures of several items in “Census of Manufacturers”. For further
detail, please refer page 113.
○ Estimation of the Value of products［Formula］Value of products ＝ Value of shipment of product A
A Value of shipment of product［Value of shipment of products］by industry in “Census of Manufacturers”

110Copyright White Paper

Chapter 4: Overview of JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

4. Estimation method of the Value-added
The Value-added of the inter-dependent copyright industry is estimated bymultiplying the Value-added of each industry sector with the Value of products, which
is obtained as the aggregation of values of several items. Figure 4-5 shows the items in“Census of Manufacturers” and the corresponding JCI-classified industry sector.
○ Estimation of the Value-added［Formula］Value-added ＝The Value of products × the Value-added rate estimated in
the above formula for estimating the Value of products.
(Value-added rate)［Formula］Value-added rate ＝ Value-added ÷ Value of products
・Value-added：［Formula］ Value-added ＝ Compensation of Employees

A＋ Operating Surplus

B＋ Depreciation expenses C＋ Indirect tax D
A Compensation of Employees［ Total Cash Wages & Salaries Paid ］ × Payment Correction Rate byindustry in “Census of Manufacturers”
B Operating Surplus［Formula］Operating Surplus ＝ Value of products a×(１－ Sales Cost
Rate to Total Sales b－ SG&A Rate to Total Sales c)
a Value of shipment：［Value of Shipment］by industry in “Census of Manufacturers”
b Sales Cost Rate to Total Sales：［Sales Cost Rate to Total Sales］ by industry in the “Statistics from
Analysis of Corporate Financial Statements”
c SG&A Rate to Total Sales：［SG&A Rate to Total Sales］ by industry in the “Statistics from
Analysis of Corporate Financial Statements”
C Depreciation Expense Rate
［Formula］Depreciation Expenses ＝ Disposal Expense of Tangible Fixed
Asset d＋ Depreciation Expense of Tangible Fixed Asset ed Disposal Expense of Tangible Fixed Asset：［Disposal Expense of Tangible Fixed Asset］by industry in “Census of
Manufacturers”
e Depreciation Expense of Tangible Fixed Asset：

111

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 4: Overview of JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries［ Depreciation Expense of Tangible Fixed Asset ］ by industry in“Census of Manufacturers”
D Indirect Tax［Formula］ Indirect Tax ＝ Value of products f× Indirect Tax rate g
f Value of products：［Value of Shipment］by industry in “Census of Manufacturers”
g Indirect tax：
Consumption tax rate of５%
・Value of products：［Value of Shipment］by industry in “Census of Manufacturers”

112

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 4: Overview of JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

Figure 4-5 Industry Sector of JCI-Classified Inter-Dependent Copyright Industries andthe Corresponding Sector in “Census of Manufacturers”
JCI classification
1.Printing/ Publishing-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries

2.Computer Software-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries

3.Broadcasting-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries

4.Transmission-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries

5.Music-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries

6.Motion Picture-related Equipment& Media
Manufacturing Industries

Commodity classification name for “Census of Manufacturers
Commodity
Commodity classification namecode152111
Rolls of newsprint
152112
Non-painted printing paper
152113
Painted printing paper
152114
Special printing paper
152115
Information paper
152116
Writing paper and drawing paper
152117
Unbleached wrapping paper
152118Bleached wrapping paper
152191
Paper and machine-made Japanese paper (piecework )175511
Ordinary ink
175512
Newspaper ink
175513
Vanish for printing ink
175591Printing ink ( piecework )279311
Magnetic tapes (raw)279312Magnetic discs (raw)279391
Raw magnetic tapes and discs ( piecework )282111
General computers
282112
Office computers
282113Work stations
282114
Parts, attachments and accessories of dataprocessing machines, digital and analog
computers and auxiliary equipment
282191
Data processing machines, digital and analog
computers, equipment and accessories (piecework )282211
Personal computers282212
Parts, attachments and accessories of
personal computers282291
Personal computers, parts, attachments andaccessories ( piecework )282311
Magnetic disc equipment
282312
Optical disc equipment
282313
Flexible disc equipment
282319Miscellaneous external memories
282321
Parts, attachments and accessories ofexternal memories
282391
External memories parts, attachments andaccessories ( piecework )281211
Radio and TV broadcasting equipment
281291
Radio communication equipment ( piecework
281311
Radio receivers
281312
Television receivers, except liquid crystal
receivers
281313Liquid crystal television receivers
281391
Radio and television receivers ( piecework )244116
Telecommunication cable244191
Electric wire and cable ( piecework )244212
Optical fiber cable, including composite cable244291
Optical fiber cable ( piecework )281131
Digital transmission equipment
281191
Wired communication equipment ( piecework
281213Cellular telephone sets and PHS telephonesets
281291
Radio communication equipment ( piecework279311
Magnetic tapes (raw)279312Magnetic discs (raw)279391
Raw magnetic tapes and discs ( piecework )281411
Stereo sets
281412Car stereo sets
281413
Tape recorders
281414
Digital audio disc players
281415High fidelity (HI-FI) amplifiers
281416
Speaker systems for HI-FI and cars
281419Miscellaneous electric audio equipment
281422
Parts, attachments and accessories ofelectric audio equipment
281491
Electric audio equipment, and parts,
attachments and accessories ( piecework )291511
Acoustic parts
291512Magnetic heads
291591
Electro acoustic transducers, magnetic heads
and small motors ( piecework )322111
Pianos322211
Guitars, including electric guitars
322911
Electronic musical instruments
322919Miscellaneous Western and Japanese musicalinstruments
322921
Parts, attachments and accessories ofmusical instruments
322991
Musical instruments, parts and materials (piecework )274211
Video tape recording and duplicating
equipment (VTR, EVR)
274212
Video cameras, including integrated VTREVR, except broadcast video cameras
274214
Parts, attachments and accessories of video
recording and duplicating equipment279311
Magnetic tapes (raw)279312Magnetic discs (raw)279391
Raw magnetic tapes and discs ( piecework )291512Magnetic heads
291591
Electro acoustic transducers, magnetic heads
and small motors ( piecework )315311
Motion picture equipment
315321
Parts, attachments and accessories of
motion picture equipment315391
Motion picture equipment, and parts,
attachments and accessories ( piecework )113

JSIC Name
JSIC Code
1520

JSIC Name
Paper

1755

Printing ink

2793

Magnetic tapes and discs

2821

Computer, except personal computer

2822

Personal computer

2823

Storage

2812

Radio communication equipment

2813

Radio and television set receivers

2441

Electric wire and cable, except opticalfiber cable
Optical fiber cables, including
telecommunication composite cables
Communication equipment wired

2442
2811
2812

Radio communication equipment

2793

Magnetic tapes and discs

2814

Electric audio equipment

2915

Electro acoustic transducers，
magnetic heads and small motors

3221
3222
3229

Pianos
Guitars2742

Video recording and duplicating
equipment

2793

Magnetic tapes and discs

2915
3153

Miscellaneous musical instruments,
parts and materials

Electro acoustic transducers，
magnetic heads and small motors
Motion picture equipment and theirparts

Copyright White Paper

JCI classification
7.Photography-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries

8.Game Software-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries
9.Advertising-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries

10.Entertainment Facility-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries

11.Author-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries

Chapter 4: Overview of JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

Commodity classification name for “Census of Manufacturers
Commodity
Commodity classification namecode
179511
Photographic films, including photographic
dry plate
179512
Photographic films with lens
179513
Photographic paper
179514
Sensitized paper (for blue print and copy)
179515
Sensitive material for photoengraving
179516
Chemicals for photography, prepared andpackaged
179591
Photosensitive materials ( piecework )274213
Digital cameras
31521135-mm cameras
315212
Cameras except 35-mm cameras
315213
Photographic machines and related
315214
Parts, attachments and accessories of315291
Cameras and parts, attachments andaccessories ( piecework )323112
Household TV games
323113
Electronic toys, using integrated circuits (IC)323131
Parts and accessories of games and toys
323191
Games and toys ( piecework )329211
Signboards, signs and display equipment, notelectrical and mechanical329212
Signboards, signs and display equipment,
electrical and mechanical329291
Signboards, signs and display equipment (piecework )268311
Pinball machines and slot machines
268312
Game machines for amusement centers268313
Recreation machines for amusement parks
268319Miscellaneous recreation machines
268329Parts, attachments and accessories ofrecreation machines
268391
Recreation machines, and parts, attachment
and accessories ( piecework )274211
Video tape recording and duplicating
equipment (VTR, EVR)
281421Finished speaker systems, microphones,
earphones, audio pickups, etc.
281491
Electric audio equipment, and parts,
attachments and accessories ( piecework )324411
Water paints
324419Miscellaneous painting materials
324491
Calligraphy brushes and painting materials (piecework )JSIC Name
JSIC Code1795

JSIC Name
Photosensitive materials

2742
3152

Video recording and duplicating equipme
Cameras and their parts

3231

Games and toys, except dolls andchildren's vehicles

3292

Signboards and signs

2683

Amusement machines manufacture2742

Video recording and duplicating equipme

2814

Electric audio equipment

3244

Calligraphy brushes and painting
materials, except pencils

Note: Gray-shaded item sectors are those which are classified under two or more
JCI-classified sectors.

114

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core CopyrightIndustries
I. A workforce overview of JCI-classified core copyright industries
1. JCI-classified core copyright industry workforce
The workforce* in Japan’s JCI-classified core copyright industries reached 1.909
million workers in 2007. The largest workforce was in the computer software sector,
representing 52.3%, followed by construction and then the publication and printing
sectors.
* The term “workforce” in this white paper refers to the amount of employment.
Synonymous with the “number of employees” in the Survey of Service Industries and the
Manufacturing Census, it includes all workers belonging to the surveyed enterprises.
Accordingly, workers on loan to other enterprises are included, while external workers
assigned from other enterprises are not. As business categories vary in surveys, this white
paper uses data from the survey categories with definitions closest to those of the JCI
classifications.

Figure 5-1 Workforce of JCI-Classified Core Copyright Industries (fiscal 2007)(in thousand persons)Workforce
No. of employees

Share

１

Printing and Publishing

148

7.7%

２

Computer Software

998

52.3%

３

Broadcasting

45

2.4%

４

Transmission

47

2.5%

５

Advertising

54

2.8%

６

Music

8

0.4%

７

Motion Picture

48

2.5%

８

Photocopy

47

2.4%

９

Legitimate Theater

45

2.4%

17

0.9%

134

7.0%

10 Game SoftwareEntertainment
11
Facilities

115

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

12 Design

46

2.4%

13 Architecture

245

12.8%

14 Libraries and Museums

25

1.3%

15 Authors and Artists

2

0.1%

1,909

100.0%

Total in the copyright industry

2. Positioning of the copyright industry in the national workforce
The total workforce of 1.909 million in the core copyright industry represents 3.0%
of Japan’s overall workforce in fiscal 2007.
The workforce in the core copyright industry was 1.754 million in number in fiscal 1998.
During the concerned period, the workers in the industry have increased at 0.9% of
average annual growth. Over the same period (fiscal 1998 – 2007), Japan’s overall
workforce has increased at a corresponding rate of -0.3%. As a result, the proportion of
the workforce in the core copyright industry rose from the level of 2.6% recorded infiscal 1998.
Figure 5-2 Positioning of the copyright industry in the national economy（thousand persons）

3.5%

3,000
The workforce in the core copyright industry

2,500

Proportion of the workforce（％）

3.0%
2.5%

2,000
2.0%
1,500
1.5%
1,000
1.0%
500
0

0.5%
0.0%
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 （Fiscal Year）

116

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries(in thousand persons)

1998a) JCI-classified
Core CopyrightIndustryb) No. of workers
Share in all
workers(a/b)(Source)

2002

2007

AverageAnnualGrowth

1,754

1,678

1,909

0.9%

66,276

63,59264,451

-0.3%

2.6%

2.6%

3.0%

No. of workers : the number of employees in “Annual Report on

National Income” (fixed for fiscal 2007)

3. Positioning of JCI-classified core copyright industry as a industry
In fiscal 2007, the number of employees in Japans core copyright industry
amounted to 1.909 million workers. This represents a significant number as comparedto the corresponding number of workforce in other major industries such as “General
Machinery” (1.353 million workers), “Electric Machinery” (1.626 million) and“Transport Equipments” including automobiles (1.252 million).
As for growth capability, the copyright industry grew at 0.9% of average annual
growth rate over fiscal years 1998 – 2007. Although this is not as high as thecorresponding rate of a key growth industry like the “Transport Equipment” industry
including automobiles (at 1.5% of average annual average), it is still regarded as
significant level as compared to other industries with negative growth.
Figure 5-3 Comparison with other major industries in respect of workforce(in thousand workers)
Average
Workforce %Annualin all workers
Growth
1998
2007
Food
GeneralMachinery
Electric
MachineryTransport
Equipment
Copyright
Industry

1,617

1,585

-0.2%

2.5%

1,399

1,353

-0.4%

2.1%

2,031

1,626

-2.4%

2.5%

1,098

1,252

1.5%

1.9%

1,754

1,909

0.9%

3.0%

(Note)Figures for Workforce Propo9rtion are as of fiscal 2007
(Source)”Annual Report on National Income” (fixed for fiscal 2007)117

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

4. Growth factors for JCI-classified core copyright industry
A look at the growth in the core copyright industry by industrial sector reveals
that most parts in the growth (210.9%) have derived from the growth of computer
software industry. In addition, the “Transmission” sector has contributed to the growthat 23.5%.
Regarding the trend in share, that of the Computer Software” sector has
remarkably increased from 38.3% to 52.3%. On the other hand, the “Architecture”
sector has declined from 18.7% to 12.8%.
Figure 5-4 Trend of Workforce by JCI-Classified Industry Sector(fiscal 1998 – 2007)(in thousand workers)
1998
Workforce

2007
Share

Workforce

Share

IncreaseinnumberRate ofcontribu
tion

１

Printing andPublishing

176

10.0%

148

7.7%

-29

-18.4%

２

Computer Software

672

38.3%

998

52.3%

326

210.9%

３

Broadcasting

51

2.9%

45

2.4%

-5

-3.5%

４

Transmission

11

0.6%

47

2.5%

36

23.5%

５

Advertising

48

2.7%

54

2.8%

6

4.1%

６

Music

11

0.6%

8

0.4%

-3

-2.2%

７

Motion Picture

60

3.4%

48

2.5%

-12

-7.8%

８

Photograph

71

4.0%

47

2.4%

-24

-15.5%

９

Legitimate Theater

38

2.2%

45

2.4%

7

4.6%

10

10

0.6%

17

0.9%

6

4.1%

11

Game SoftwareEntertainment
Facilities

193

11.0%

134

7.0%

-60

-38.7%

12

Design

47

2.7%

46

2.4%

-1

-1.0%

13

Architecture
Libraries andMuseums

329

18.7%

245

12.8%

-84

-54.1%

34

1.9%

25

1.3%

-9

-5.6%

2

0.1%

2

0.1%

0

-0.3%

1,754

100.0%

1,909

100.0%

155

100.0%

14
15

Authors and Artists

Total in Copyright Industry(Note)Rate of Contribution = Increase of workers by industry sector / Increase ofworkers in the overall industry

118

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

II. JCI-classified core copyright industry workforce study methodologies
1. Data used for estimate
As was the case with the value added, the workforce is also estimated by applying
the basic statistics system. See page 20 for the list of the surveys used for the estimate.
2. Estimate methodologies
Differing from the value added estimate, the workforce estimate is calculated byeither of the following two methods, basic statistics and supplementary statistics.
Figure 5-5 Estimation policy
Type1) Basic statistics
type

Description

Estimation method

There is an consistency between Workforce is estimated with thethecopyright

industry basic statistics.

classification used in this survey
and the JCI classification.
2) Supplementary There is no consistency between Workforce is estimated with thestatistics typethe

copyright

industry basic statistics.

classification used in this survey
and the JCI classification.

1) Basic statistics
The basic statistical data used in this study to identify the scale of the copyrightindustry is from the Manufacturing Census and the Survey of Service Industries,
which include the workforce estimate figures. Such figures can be used directly to
calculate the workforce in this study when the JCI classifications match the JSIC
classifications. The printing sector of the copyright industry in this study, for example,
matches Category 1610: Printing in the Manufacturing Census and this data can beutilized as is.
2) Supplementary statistics
When the JCI classifications for this study and the JSIC classifications for the119Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

basic statistics do not match, the workforce is estimated using supplementary
statistics.

3. Preconditions of statistics
All estimates are calculated on a fiscal year basis.

4. Specific Estimation Method for Each Industrial Sector
Figure 5-6 shows the types of estimation method applied to each industrial sector.
Figure 5-6 Estimation method for each industrial sector under JCI classification
JCI Classified Industrial Sector

Estimation Type

1) Printing and(1) Newspaper publishing

Supplementary(2) Book and Journal Publishing

Supplementary(3) Printing (Newspaper and Book)

Supplementary(1) Software

Basic

Software(2) Data Processing and Information Provision

Basic3) Broadcasting(1) Public Broadcasting (Radio and Television)

Supplementary(2) Private Broadcasting (Radio and Television)

Supplementary(3) Cable Broadcasting

Supplementary(1) Internet Transmission

Supplementary(2) Mobile Telephone Network Transmission

Supplementary(1) Commercial art and Graphic design

Supplementary(2) Display

Supplementary(1) Records, CDs and Tapes

Supplementary(2) Record and CD rental

Supplementary(3) Music Publishing

Supplementary(1) Movie, Home video and TV program

Supplementary

Publishing2) Computer4) Transmission5) Advertising
6) Music

7) Motion Picture

production(2) Video Rental

Basic8) Photography(1) PhotographyBasic9) Legitimate(1) Movie Theater

Supplementary120

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries(2) Theater

Supplementary(3) Theatrical company, band and orchestra

Supplementary10) Game Software(1) Game software

Supplementary11) Entertainment(1) Amusement Arcade

Basic(2) Karaoke Box

Basic(3) Theme Park

Supplementary

12) Design(1) Design

Basic13) Architecture(1) Architectural Design

Basic14) Libraries and(1) Libraries

Supplementary(2) Museums and Art galleries

Supplementary(1) Authors and Artists, Musician

Basic

Theater

Facilities

Museums
15) Authors andArtists

121

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

1) Printing and Publishing Industry(1) Newspaper publishing (Supplementary statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey of Selected Service Industries
××(Newspaper & Publishing industries)
Total Sales of Newspaper Companies (NSK)
✓
✓

2005

2006

2007

✓

×

×

✓

✓

✓

○ Estimation of workforce［Formula］Workforce ＝ Number of employees A
A Number of employees：［Number of employees］of Newspaper industry in the “Survey of Selected
Industries”○

Compensation for statistical data
The “Survey of Selected Service Industries” is published once every five years, andthe fiscal 2005 edition is the most recent. Data for fiscal 2003, 2004 and 2006 andsubsequent years are estimates made by applying the change rate of the scale ofnewspaper industry market over the previous fiscal year, based on the data disclosed
by NSK.
Figure 5-7 Market scale and the rate of change over the previous year in the newspaper industry
2003
Market Scale(100 million yen)
Rate of change(%)

2004

2005

2006

2007

23,576

23,79724,18823,32322,182

99%

101%

102%

96%

95%

Source: Material issued by NSK (HP of NSK)
These figures were used for a calculation of workforce in fiscal 2006, for example,
by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for other fiscal years forwhich data were not available.
〔Formula〕Workforce in 2006 = Workforce in 2005 × Rate of Change

122

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries(2) Book & Journal Publishing (Supplemental statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey of Selected Service Industries
××
Publishing index (AJPEA)
✓
✓

2005
✓
✓

2006
×
✓

2007
×
✓

○ Estimation of Workforce［Formula］Workforce ＝ Number of employees A
A Number of employees：［Number of employees］of Publishing industry in the “Survey of Selected
Industries”○

Compensation for statistical data
The “Survey of Selected Service Industries” is published once every five years, andthe fiscal 2005 edition is the most recent. Data for fiscal 2003, 2004 and 2006 andsubsequent years are estimates made by applying the change rate of the scale ofnewspaper industry market over the previous fiscal year, based on the data in the“Publishing Index”.
Figure 5-8 Market scale and the rate of change over the previous year in the newspaper industry

Market Scale(100million yen)
Rate of change(%)

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

22,27822,42821,964

21,52520,853

96%

101%

98%

98%

97%

Source: Publishing Index
These figures were used for a calculation of workforce in fiscal 2006, for example,
by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for other fiscal years forwhich data were not available.
〔Formula〕Workforce in 2006 = Workforce in 2005 × Rate of Change(3) Printing (Newspaper & Book) (Supplemental statistics type)In the "Census of Manufactures", Sector 161 (Printing Industry) includes not only
the printing of newspapers, books, and magazines but also items that have no relation
with copyright, such as business forms and product packages.

123

As such, the subtotal

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

for newspapers, books, and magazines must be isolated. This was done by using theirshares of the total sales of demanded printing products in the industry.
○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Census of Manufactures✓✓
White Paper on the Printing Industry
✓
✓

2005
✓
✓

2006
✓
✓

2007
✓
✓

○ Estimation of Workforce［Formula］Workforce ＝ Number of employees A× Ratio of newspaper and bookpublishing B
A Number of employees：［ Number of employees ］ in Sector 161 Printing Industry in “Census of
Manufacturers”
B Ratio of newspaper and book publishing :The "White Paper on the Printing Industry" presents the value of printing
products demanded by major customer of the printing industry.” These data
were used to estimate the share of newspaper & publishing sector in the entire
printing industry.
[Formula] Ratio of newspaper and publishing B = [Value of products (newspaper) a +Value of products (publishing) b] / Value of products(all) c
a Value of products(newspaper)[Value of printing industry products in each major customer industry] in
Publishing industry in Newspaper industry in the "White Paper on the
Printing Industry"b Value of products(publishing)[Value of printing industry products in each major customer industry] in
Publishing industry in the "White Paper on the Printing Industry"c Value of products(all)[Value of printing industry products in each major customer industry] in
All industry in the "White Paper on the Printing Industry"*" Amount of printing products demanded by major customer type in the printing
industry""Amount of printing products demanded by major customer type in the printing
industry", which was taken from the "White Paper on the Printing Industry" published124

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

each year by the Japan Association of Graphic Arts Technology, has not been disclosed
since fiscal 2000.

For this report, it was estimated on the assumption that the shareof the total value-added in the printing and publishing industry occupied by thenewspaper publishing industry has stayed the same since that year.

125Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries2) Computer Software(1) Software (Basic statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service Industries
××
Survey of Selected Service Industries✓✓(Information Services)
Survey of Selected Service Industries
××(Software Services)

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

✓

×

×

×

✓

✓

Note: For Survey on Service Industries, the most recent edition available to the public
is the one for fiscal 1999. Under such condition, it is appropriate to use the data in
Survey of Selected Service Industries. However, review on the data raised the concernson the reliability of such data. Therefore, we made estimation based on the data forfiscal 1999 in the former statistics and used the data of the latter for calculating
year-on-year rate.
○ Estimation of Workforce［Formula］Workforce ＝ Number of employees A
A Number of employees：［Number of employees］Sector 821 Software Industry in the “Survey of
Selected Industries”○

Compensation for statistical data

・Fiscal 2003 – 2005
The “Analysis of Corporate Financial Statement, Information Service Industry”
was published once every fiscal year until fiscal 2005. Value of products in the software
industry is estimated by using the change rate between 2003 and 2004 of annual sales
in the software industry of the Survey of Selected Service Industries, Information
Service Industry.”
Figure 5-9 Annual Sales and the rate of change over the previous year in Software Industry
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Annual Sales
6,692,500 7,421,100 9,471,800 9,685,900 8,805,141 9,243,642 9,273,371(in million yen)
Year-on-year change(%)
106%
111%
128%
102%
91%
105%
100%

Source: Survey of Selected Service Industries, Information Service Industry

126

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

These figures were used for a calculation of workforce in fiscal 2003, for example,
by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for other fiscal years forwhich data were not available.
[Formula] Workforce (2003)= Workforce (2002)×Rate of change
・Fiscal 2006 – 2007
The “Analysis of Corporate Financial Statement, Software Industry” is publishedonce every fiscal year since fiscal 2006. Value of products in the software industry forfiscal years 2006 and 2007 is estimated by using the rate of change of annual sales inthe software industry of the Survey of Selected Service Industries, Software Industry.”
Figure 5-10 Annual sales in the software industry and the rate of change over theprevious fiscal year
2006
Annual Sales (in million yen)
10,476,004
Rage of change(%)
113%(*)

2007
10,297,504
98%

Source: Survey of Selected Service Industries, Software Industry(*) As the data is unavailable for fiscal 2005 in Survey of Selected Service Industries,
Software Industry, the data of fiscal 2005 in Survey of Selected Service Industries,
Information Service Industry was applied to calculate the rate of change in fiscal 2006.
The data for fiscal 2007 was also calculated by means of the same formulas.
These figures were used for a calculation of the workforce in fiscal 2006, forexample, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for fiscal 2007.

[Formula] Workforce (2006)= Workforce (2005)×Rate of change

127

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries(2) Data Processing/ Providing Service (Basic statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service Industries(*)××
Survey of Selected Service Industries✓✓(Information Service Industry)
Survey of Selected Service Industries (Data××
Processing & Providing Service Industry)

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

✓

×

×

×

✓

✓

Note: For Survey on Service Industries, the most recent edition available to the public
is the one for fiscal 1999. Under such condition, it is appropriate to use the data in
Survey of Selected Service Industries. However, review on the data raised the concernson their reliability. Therefore, we made estimation based on the data for fiscal 1999 in
the former statistics and used the data of the latter for calculating year-on-year rate
○ Estimation of Workforce［Formula］Workforce ＝ Number of employees A
A Number of employees：［Number of employees］in Data Processing & Providing Services Industry
in the “Survey of Selected Industries”○

Compensation for statistical data

・Fiscal 2003 – 2005
The “Survey of Selected Service Industries, Information Service Industry” wasconducted and published once every fiscal year until fiscal 2005. Data for fiscal 2003
and 2004 are estimated by using the rate of annual sales change over the previous year
in Survey of “Selected Service Industries, Information Service Industry.”
Figure 5-11 Annual Sales and the rate of change over the previous year in Data
Processing/ Providing Service Industry
1999
Annual Sales(in million yen)
Year-on-yearchange(%)

2000

2001

2,112,700 2,332,500 3,289,000
91%

110%

141%

2002

2003

2004

2005

3,399,800

4,108,736

3,940,711

4,225,541

103%

121%

96%

107%

Source: Survey of Selected Service Industries, Information Service Industry
These figures were used for a calculation of workforce in fiscal 2003, for example,

128

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for other fiscal years forwhich data were not available.
[Formula] Workforce (2003)= Workforce (2002)×Rate of change
・Fiscal 2006 – 2007
“Survey of Selected Service Industries, Data Processing & Providing Services” isconducted and published once every fiscal year since fiscal 2006. Data for fiscal 2006
and 2007 are estimated by using the rate of annual sales change over the previous year
in Survey of “Selected Service Industries, Data Processing & Providing Services.”
Figure 5-12 Annual Sales and the rate of change over the previous year indata-processing & providing service industry
2006
4,058,359
96%(*)

Annual Sales (in million yen)
Rate of change(%)

2007
4,199,998
103%

Source: Survey of Selected Service Industries, Data Processing/ Providing
Service Industry(*) As the data is unavailable for fiscal 2005 in Survey of Selected Service Industries,
Data-Processing & Providing Service Industry, the data for fiscal 2006 were calculated
based on the data for fiscal 2005 in Survey of Selected Service Industries, Information
Service Industry.
These figures were used for a calculation of workforce in fecal 2006, for example,
by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for fiscal 2007.

[Formula] Workforce (2006)= Workforce (2005)×Rate of change

129

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

3) Broadcasting(1) Public Broadcasting (Supplementary statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Information and Communication Industry✓✓
Radio & Television Year book
✓
✓

2005
✓
✓

2006
✓
✓

2007
N/A*
✓

* The edition for fiscal 2007 will be published in June 2009.
○ Estimation of Workforce［Formula］Workforce ＝ Number of employees A
A Number of employees：［Number of employees］in Public Broadcasting Industry in the “Survey ofon Information and Communication Industry”○

Compensation for statistical data
The “Survey on the Telecommunication Industry” is published every fiscal year

since 1999. The edition for fiscal 2006 is the most recent. The data for fiscal years of1998 and 2007 were estimated by applying the rate of change over the previous year interms of operating incomes in Radio & Television Yearbook.
Figure 5-13 Operating income of NHK and the rate of change over the previous year
Incomes (million yen)
Rate of change(%)

1998
633,712－

1999
645,042101.8%

Source : Radio & Television Yearbook
These figures are used for estimation of the Value of products and theValue-added in fiscal 1998 by means of the formula noted below:［Formula］ Value of products(1998)＝ Value of products(1999)÷ Rate of change

Figure 5-14 Income of NHK and the rate of change over the previous year
2006
2007
Incomes (million yen)
675,607684,796
Rate of change(%)
101.4%－
Source : Radio & Television Yearbook

130

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

These figures are used for calculation of the Value of products and theValue-added in fiscal 2007 by means of the formula noted below:［Formula］ Value of products(2007)＝ Value of products(2006) × Rate of change(2) Private Broadcasting (Supplementary statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Japan Commercial Broadcasting Yearbook
✓
✓

2005
✓

2006
✓

2007
✓

○ Estimation of Workforce［Formula］Workforce ＝ Number of employees A
A Number of employees：［Number of employees］in the data on digital terrestrial television in the“Japan Commercial Broadcasting Yearbook”(3)

Cable Broadcasting (Supplementary statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on the Telecommunication Industry✓✓
Japan Commercial Broadcasting Yearbook
✓
✓

2005
✓
✓

2006
✓
✓

2007
NA*
✓

* The edition for fiscal 2007 will be published in June 2009.
○ Estimation of Workforce［Formula］Workforce ＝ Number of employees A
A Number of employees：［Number of employees］in Cable Broadcasting Industry in the “Survey of on
Information and Communication Industry”○

Compensation for statistical data
The “Survey on the Telecommunication Industry” is published once every fiscal

year. The edition for fiscal 2006 is the most recent. The data for fiscal 2007 were
estimated by applying the rate of change over the previous year, which was calculatedwith operating incomes in Japan Commercial Broadcasting Yearbook.

131

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Figure 5-15 Operating income of private broadcasting companies and the rate ofchange over the previous year
Operating income(Million yen)
Rate of change(%)

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2,506,295

2,598,547

2,598,724

2,591,069

2,566,568

101.4%

103.7%

100.0%

99.7%

99.1%

Source: Japan Commercial Broadcasting Yearbook
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2007 by means of the formulas noted below.
[Formula] Value of products(2007)=Value of products(2006)×Rate of change[Formula] Value added(2007)= Value added (2006)×Rate of change132

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

4) Transmission(1) Internet Transmission (Supplementary statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003
Survey on the Telecommunication Industry✓
Survey of Information and Communication
×Industry

2004
✓

2005
✓

2006
✓

2007
NA*

×

×

×

×

Note: The edition for fiscal 2007 will be published in June 2009.
The figures in “Survey of Information and Communication Industry” are used to makeestimation for fiscal 1998 – 2000.
○ Estimation of Workforce[Formula] Workforce= Number of employees A + Internet transmission rate B
A Number of employees[Number of employees] in the Internet-incidental Services in the "Survey on the
Telecommunications Industry"
B Internet transmission rate
［Formula］Internet transmission rate ＝ Number of employees in ASP and
Portal Sites a÷ Number of employees in Internet-incidental Services b
a Number of employees in ASP and Portal Sites：[Number of employees] in ASP and Portal Sites in the "Survey on the
Telecommunications Industry"b Number of employees in Internet-incidental Services：[Number of employees] in Internet-incidental Services in the "Survey on the
Telecommunications Industry"○ Compensation for statistical data
The "Survey on the Telecommunications Industry" was implemented since fiscal
2001, and no data are available for fiscal 2000 and preceding years.

For fiscal 2000

and preceding years, estimates were made using the rate of change relative to theprevious year in the scale of the market of the entire telecommunications industry in
the "Survey of Information and Communication Industry”, the predecessor of the"Survey on the Telecommunications Industry”.

133Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Figure 5-16 The Sales of Overall Telecommunication Industry and the rate of change
relative to the previous year1998
180,947

Sales (100 million yen)
Rate of change(%)

103.9%

1999
197,106
108.9%

2000
211,790
107.4%

Source: Survey of Information and Communication Industry
These figures were used for calculation of workforce in fiscal 2000, for example, bymeans of the formulas noted below. This was also done for other fiscal years for whichdata were not available.
[Formula] Number of employees (2000) = Number of employees (2001) / Rate of change
The data for fiscal 2001 and subsequent years are estimated by applying the rateof change in the overall market scale relating to the previous year, which is available in
Survey on the Telecommunication Industry..
Figure 5-17 The Sales of Overall Telecommunication Industry and the rate of change
2001
Sales
(100 million yen)
Rate of change(%)

relative to the previous year
2002
2003
2004

2005

2006

226,453

196,417

196,386

180,888

180,988

187,018106.9%

86.7%

100.0%

92.1%

100.1%

103.3%

Source: Survey of Information and Communication Industry
These figures were used for calculation of workforce in fiscal 2006, for example, bymeans of the formulas noted below. This was also done for other fiscal years for whichdata were not available.
[Formula] Value of products (2006) = Value of products (2005) / Rate of change(2) Mobile Telephone Network Transmission (Supplementary statistics type)○ Statistics used and data available years
Statistics
Financial Statement Report of Mobile
Telephone Network Transmission Industry○ Estimation of Workforce

134

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries[Formula] Workforce= Number of employees A
A Number of employees :Σ｛［Number of employees］ in the “Financial Statement Report” in Mobile
Telephone Network Transmission Industry｝

135

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

5) Advertising(1) Commercial art and Graphic design [Supplementary statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service industries
×✓Survey of Selected Service Industries✓✓(Advertising agency)
Financial statement report of advertising✓✓
Agencies

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

✓

✓

✓

✓

×

×

○ Estimation of workforce
There are no statistical data for the value of products in the advertisingproduction industry. It was consequently estimated by extracting the portion ofadvertising production expenses from the value of products in the advertising agency
industry. The rate of advertising production cost in the advertising agency industry
was estimated from the cost structure of advertising agency business.
Figure 5-18 Relationship between Cost and Sales of Advertising agency

Media Cost
Cost of Sales

Sales

Advertising
Production
Cost(*)

Selling
ExpenseAdministrati
ve Expense

Operating
Profit(*) This is equivalent to incomes of advertising production industry

136

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries[Formula] Number of employees = Number of employees in advertising agencies
industry A×advertising production cost rate B
A Number of employees in advertising agencies industry[Number of employees] in Sector 891(advertising agencies) in the "Survey on
Service industries"
B advertising production cost rate
Advertising production cost rate was estimated with of a weighted average ofadvertising production cost rate in each financial statement report.
[Formula] Advertising production cost rate = Sum of Advertising production costa / Sum of Sales b
a Sum of Advertising production costΣ[Advertising production cost] in the "Financial Statement (Advertising
agency companies)"b Sum of Sales
Σ[Sales] in the "Financial Statement (Advertising agency companies)"*This Value-added rate was calculated on a basis of financial statement
reports released by enterprises making continuous disclosure of income
statements.
○ Compensation for statistical data
The "Survey on Service Industries" is published once every five years, and thefiscal 2004 edition was the most recent. Data for fiscal 2003 and the fiscal years after2005 are estimates made by application of the rate of change in the yearly sales in thesection on the advertising industry in the "Survey of Selected Service Industries”.
Figure 5-19 Number of regular employees in advertising industry and the rate ofchange over the previous year
2003
2004
2005
No. of regular
employees
Rate of change(%)

2006

2007

34,60735,37638,09840,183

41,192

96%

102%

108%

105%

103%

Source: "Survey of Selected Service Industries (Advertising)"

These figures were used for a calculation of workforce in fiscal 2005, for example,
by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for other fiscal years forwhich data were not available.
[Formula] No. of Workforce (2005) = No. ofWorkforce (2004)×Rate of change137

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries(2) Display [Supplementary statistics type ]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey of Selected Service Industries
✓
×

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

○ Estimation of number of workforce［Formula］Number of workforce ＝ Number of employees a
A Number of employees：［ Number of employees ］ in the “Survey of Selected Service Industries,
Display Industry”○ Compensation for statistical data
The "Survey of Selected Service Industries(Display)" is published once every three
years. The reports for fiscal 1997, 2000 and 2003 are the most recent. Data for fiscal
2004 and subsequent years were estimated by means of linear compensation based on
the figures for fiscal years of 2000 and 2003.

Figure 5-20 Annual Sales and the rate of change over the previous year

No. of employees
Rate of change(%)

in the display industry
2003
2004
2005
10,849(11,093)(11,342)102.2%
102.2%
102.2%

2006(11,597)102.2%

2007(11,858)
102.2%

Source: Survey of Selected Service Industries, Display Industry

These figures were used for a calculation of workforce in fiscal 2005, for example,
by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for other fiscal years forwhich data were not available.
[Formula] Workforce (2005) = Workforce (2004)×Rate of change138

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries6) Music(1) Records, CDs and Tapes [Supplementary statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003
2004
RIAJ Year Book✓✓
Financial statement report of record✓✓
companies

2005
✓

2006
✓

2007
✓

✓

✓

✓

○ Estimation of number of workforce［Formula］Number of workforce ＝ Number of employees A× Proportion of Record
Production/ Manufacturing Industry B
A Number of employees：［Number of employees］ in Sector 3296 Information Recordings Manufacturing
Industry (excluding printed materials including newspaper, books) in the“Census of Manufacturer”.
B Proportion of Record Production/ Manufacturing Industry ：［Formula］ Proportion of Record Production/ Manufacturing Industry＝ Value-added of Record Production/ Manufacturing Industry a÷(Value-added of Record Production/ Manufacturing Industry a＋
Value-added of Movie/ Home video production & distribution services b＋
Value-added in Game Software Industry c)a Value-added of Record Production/ Manufacturing Industry ：［ Value-added ］ in Record Production/ Manufacturing Industry in thissurveybValue-added of Movie/ Home Video Production & Distribution ：［Value-added］ of Movie/ Home Video Production & Distribution Industry
in this surveyc Value-added of Game Software Industry：［Value-added］in Game Software Industry in this survey(2) Record and CD rental [Supplementary statistics type]In the "Survey on Service Industries”, the record and video rental industries are in
the same sector (Sector 88A, Audio and visual recordings rental). For this reason, thevalue of products was estimated by adding up average sales at rental record stores

139

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

instead of employing data from the "Survey on Service Industries”.
○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service Industries
×✓
Estimation of Value-added in this survey
✓
✓

2005
×
✓

2006
×
✓

2007
×
✓

○ Estimation of number of workforce［Formula］Number of workforce ＝ Number of employees A× Proportion of Recordand CD rental B
A Number of employees：［Number of employees］ in Sector 88A Audio and visual recordings rental in the“Survey on Service Industries”.
B Proportion of Record and CD rental ：［Formula］ Proportion of Record and CD rental＝ Value-added of Record and CD rental a÷(Value-added of Record and CD rental a＋Value-added of Video rental b)a Value-added of Record and CD rental ：［Value-added］in Record and CD rental in this survey
bValue-added of Video rental ：［Value-added］ of Video rental in this survey(3) Music Publishing [Supplementary statistics type]
As the appropriate statistics was not available for estimating workforce in themusic publishing industry, number of workforce was estimated with number ofworkforce in other industries having strong business ties with the music publishingindustry. Accordingly, in this survey, number of workforce was estimated by employing
number of workforce in the record production/ manufacturing industry and the
proportion of value-added estimated in this survey.
○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Number of workforce in this survey✓✓
Value-added estimated in this survey
✓
✓

140

2005
✓
✓

2006
✓
✓

2007
✓
✓

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries○ Estimation of workforce［Formula］Number of workforce ＝ Number of workforce in the Record and CD
Rental Industry A× Proportion of Music Publishing Industry B
A Number of workforce in the record & CD rental industry ：［Number of workforce］ in the record & CD rental industry in this survey
B Proportion of Music Publishing Industry：［Formula］ Proportion of Music Publishing Industry ＝Value-added in Music Publishing Industry a÷
Value-added in Record & CD Rental Industry b
a Value-added in Music Publishing Industry：［Value-added］ in Music Publishing Industry in this surveyb Value-added in Record & CD Rental Industry：［Value-added］ in Record & CD Rental Industry in this survey

141

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

7) Motion Picture(1) Movie, Home video and TV program production (Supplementary statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service Industries (Movie, Home
×✓video, TV program production industry)
○

2005

2006

2007

×

×

✓

Estimation of Number of workforce[Formula] Number of workforce = Number of employees A
・A Number of employees[Number of employees] in the sectors of motion picture, video production services
and motion, picture, video distribution services in the “Survey on Selected
Service Industries, Visual Information Production/ Distribution Services”○

Compensation for statistical data
“Surveyof

SelectedServiceIndustries,

VisualInformation

Production/

Distribution Services” is conducted and published every three years. The recent years
in which the surveys were conducted were fiscal years of 1998, 2001, 2004 and 2007.
For unavailable data, the figures in the surveys are used to make estimation by meansof linear compensation.
Figure 5-21 Number of employees in Visual Information Production/ Distribution
Services and the rate of change over the previous year
No. of employees
Rate of Change (%)

2003
6,253
94.5%

2004
5,908
94.5%

2005
6,669
112.9%

2006
7,528
112.9%

2007
8,498
112.9%

Source: Survey of Selected Service Industries, Visual Information
Production/ Distribution Service Industry
These figures were used for a calculation of the value of products and value-added
in fiscal 2005, for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done

for other fiscal years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Number of workforce (2005) = No. of employees (2004)×Rate of change142

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries(2) Video rental (Combined type)In the "Survey on Service Industries”, the record and video rental industries are in
the same Sector 88A (audio and visual recordings rental). The value of products in thevideo rental industry was therefore estimated by subtracting the value of products in
the record rental industry from the total in Sector 88A.
○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service industries
×✓
Number of workforce estimated in this survey
✓
✓

2005
×
✓

2006
×
✓

2007
×
✓

○ Estimation of number of workforce[Formula] Number of workforce = Number of workforce (record and CD rental + Video
rental) A – Number of workforce (record and CD rental) B
・A Number of workforce (record and CD rental + Video rental)[Number of employees] in Sector 88A(audio and visual recordings rental) in the"Survey on Service industries"
・B Number of workforce (record and CD rental)[Number of employees] of record rectal industry in this survey →6) (2)143

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

8) Photography(1) Photograph business (Basic statistics type)
Although the photography industry consisted of only one sector, that is, Sector 743
Photograph Business in the Survey on Service Industries for fiscal 1999, this industry
was divided into two sub-categories, that is, Sector 808 Photograph Business andSector 83D Photo Developing/ Projecting Business since the 2004 Survey edition inaccordance with implementation of business service segregation. As the figures in theformer survey demonstrate the aggregations of two current sectors of “PhotographBusiness” and “Photograph Developing/ Projecting Business”, there is the need toisolate the data on “Photograph Business.”○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003
2004
Survey on Service industries
×
✓

2005
×

2006
×

2007
✓

○ Estimation of number of workforce
Figure 5-22 Industrial structure of Photography Industry
83D Photo Developing/
Projecting Business

743
PhotographBusiness

Survey on Service industries(Fiscal 1999)

808 PhotographBusiness

Proportion of
PhotographBusiness

Survey on Service industries(Fiscal 2004)

・Fiscal 1999
[Formula] Number of workforce = Number of employees A × Proportion of PhotographBusiness Industry B
A Number of employees:[No. of employees] of Sector 743 Photograph Business in the “Survey on

144

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Service Industries”
B Proportion of Photograph Business Industry:[Formula] Proportion of Photograph Business Industry= Value of products
in “Photograph Business” a / (a + Value of products in Photo Developing/
Projecting Business b)
a Incomes of Sector 808 Photograph Business in the Survey on Service
Industries (fiscal 2004)b Income of Sector 83D Photograph Developing/Projecting Business in theSurvey on Service Industries (fiscal 2004)
・Fiscal 2004
[Formula] Number of workforce = Number of employees A
A: Number of employees[Number of employees] of Sector 808 Photograph Business Service in the“Survey on Service Industries”○ Compensation for statistical data
The "Survey on Service Industries" is conducted once every five years. The mostrecent edition was fiscal 2004. For the year in which the survey is not conducted, thefigures are calculated by means of linear compensation.

Figure 5-23 Number of employees and the rate of change over the previous year

No. of employees
Rate of change(%)

in the photography industry
2003
2004
2005
(56,027)
53,505(51,097)
95.5%
95.5%
95.5%

2006
(48,797)
95.5%

2007
(46,601)
95.5%

Source: "Survey on Service Industries"
These figures were used for a calculation of number of workforce in fiscal 2005, forexample, by means of the formulas noted below. This was also done for other fiscal years
for which data were not available.
[Formula] Number of workforce (2005) = Number of workforce (2004)×Rate of change

145

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

9) Legitimate Theater (Combined type)(1) Movie Theater [Supplementary statistics type]In the "Survey on Service Industries”, Sector 841 (motion picture theater) includes
not only income from admission but also income from sales of goods, etc. The subtotal
for admission income therefore must be extracted (by proportional distribution).
○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service industries
×✓Survey of Selected Service Industries
×✓(Movie theater)

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

×

×

×

○ Estimation of Number of Workforce[Formula]
Number of workforce = Total number of employees in movie theater A× admission
income rate B
A Total number of employees in movie theater[Number of employees] in Sector 841(motion picture theaters) in the "Survey
on Service industries"
B Admission income rate
The section on cinema theaters in the "Survey of Selected Service Industries(movie theater)" presents data for theatre income organized by item. These
data were used to estimate the share of the total occupied by admission
income and to calculate the amount of this income.
[Formula] admission income rate = admission income a / Total revenues b
a Admission income[Admission income] in the "Survey of Selected Service Industries(movie theater)"b Total income[Total income] in the "Survey of Selected Service Industries (movie
theater)"○ Compensation for statistical data
The "Survey on Service Industries" is published once every five years, and the146Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

fiscal 2004 edition was the most recent. Data for fiscal 2003 and the fiscal years after2005 are estimates made by application of the rate of change between 1999 and 2004 in
the movie theater admission revenue in the section on movie theaters in the "Survey on
Service Industries”.
Figure 5-24 Number of employees in movie theaters and the rate of increase relative

No. of employees
Rate of change(%)

to the previous year
2003
2004
2005
(14,832) 15,184 (15,544)
102.4% 102.4%
102.4%

2006(15,913)102.4%

2007(16,290)102.4%

Source: "Survey on Service Industries (Movie theater)"(Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)

These figures were used for a calculation of number of workforce in fiscal 2005, forexample, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for other fiscal

years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Number of workforce (2005) = Number of workforce (2004)×Rate of change(2) Theater [Supplementary statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey of Selected Service Industries
×✓(Legitimate theater)

2005

2006

2007

×

×

×

○ Estimation of number of workforce[Formula] Number of workforce = Number of employees A

A Number of employees:{Number of employees} in the “Survey of Selected Service Industries, Theater”○

Compensation for statistical data
“Survey of Selected Service Industries, Legitimate theater” is conducted andpublished every three years. Fiscal 2004 was he most recent year in which the survey
was conducted. The data for fiscal 2003 and the fiscal years after 2005 are estimates
made by using the change rate between 2001 and 2004 in terms of the movie theater
admission revenue, which are available in the “Survey of Selected Service Industries,
Legitimate Theater.”147

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

Figure 5-25 Number of employees in Theater Industry and the rate of change over theprevious year
No. of employees
Rate of change(%)

2003(10,103)104.2%

2004
10,524104.2%

2005(10,962)104.2%

2006(11,418)
104.2%

2007(11,894)104.2%

Source: “Survey of Selected Service Industries, Legitimate Theater”
These figures were used for a calculation of number of employees in fiscal 2005,
for example, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for other fiscal

years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Number of workforce (2005)= Number of workforce (2004)×Rate of change(3) Theatrical company, band and orchestra (Supplementary statistics type)In the "Survey on Service Industries”, Sector 763, Theatrical companies (which
was the classification as of fiscal 1999. In fiscal 2004, and this sector was integrated
into the sector of Performance Facilities and Performance Companies) includes data forgroups entertaining through sports, etc., athletic as well as theatrical and musicalcompanies. Data for theatrical company and band & orchestra are estimates made byusing the share of “Theaters” in “Theaters and Performance Facilities.”○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service Industries
×✓
Number of workforce estimated in this survey
✓
✓

2005
×
✓

2006
×
✓

2007
×
✓

○ Estimation of Number of Workforce
Figure 5-26 Industrial Structure Surrounding “Theatrical Companies and Band & Orchestra”
762 Performance
Theaters & Performance
Facilities (excluding thoseindicated separately)
Dramatic
companies,
Orchestraand dancing
companies

Theatricalcompanies rate

763 Theatricalcompanies

Dramatic companies,
Orchestra anddancing companies

rate

842 Performances (except
otherwise classified),
Theatrical companies

Theatricalcompanies

Survey on Service industries(Fiscal 1999)

Survey on Service industries(Fiscal 2004)

148

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries［Formula］Number of workforce ＝ Number of employees in all Theatrical Companies,
Bands & Orchestras, and Performance Companies A × Performance
Company rate B×Theatrical Company, and Band & Orchestra rate C
A Number of employees in Theatrical Companies, Band & Orchestra, andPerformance Companies：「No. of employees」of Sector 763, Theatrical Companies in the［Survey on Service
Industries］
B Performance Company rate ：［Formula］Performance Company rate＝ Number of employees in “Performance
Companies” a ÷(a＋ No. of employees in “Performance Theatres &Performance Facilities (excluded those indicated separately)” b)a

No. of employees in “Performance Companies” ：[No. of employees] in “Theatrical Companies” in the “Survey on Service
Industries”

b No. of employees in “Performance Theaters & Performance Facilities(excluding those indicated separately)：[No. of employees] in “Performance Theaters & Performance Facilities(excluding those indicated separately)” in the “Survey on Service
Industries”
C Theatrical Company & Orchestra rate：［Formula］Theatrical Company, and Band & Orchestra rate ＝ Number ofworkforce in Performing theaters a÷ Number of employees in
Performing theaters & Performance facilities b
a Number of workforce in Performing theaters：［Number of workforce］in this “Survey”
b Number of employees in Performing theaters & Performance facilities：［No. of employees］in Sector 762 Theatrical Companies in the “Survey on
Service Industries”

149Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries10) Game Software (Commercial & Home use)
(1) Game Software [Supplementary statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Financial Statement Report in Game✓✓
Software Industry
Value of products estimated in this survey✓✓
Value-added estimated in this survey
✓
✓

2005

2006

2007

✓

✓

✓

✓
✓

✓
✓

✓
✓

○ Estimation of Number of Workforce［Formula］Number of workforce ＝ Sum of employees in top seven game software
companies ÷Share of top seven game software companies B
A Sum of employees in top seven game software companies ：Σ｛［Number of employees］ of top seven game software companies｝
B Share of top seven game software companies：［Formula］Sales share of top seven game software companies＝ Sum of sales of top seven game software companies a
÷ Market scale of game software industryba Sum of sales of top seven game software companies ：Σ｛［Sales］ of top seven game software companies｝
bMarket scale of game software industry：［Value of products］ of Game Software Industry in this Survey

150

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries11) Entertainment Facilities(1) Amusement Arcade (Basic statistics type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service Industries
×✓Value-added estimated in this survey
✓
✓

2005
×
✓

2006
×
✓

2007
×
✓

○ Estimation of number of workforce[Formula] Number of workforce = Number of employees A
A: Number of employees[Number of employees] of Sector 84K Amusement Arcade Industry in the“Survey on Service Industries”○ Compensation of for statistics data
The “Survey on Service Industries” is published once every five years, and thelatest edition is for fiscal 2004. The survey on Section 84K, Amusement Arcade
Industry was implemented since fiscal 2004. As such, the data for fiscal 2003 and after2005 were estimated by using the growth rate of sales on operation in the Survey on
Amusement Arcade Industry.”
Figure 5-27 Value-added in the amusement arcade industry and the rate of increase

Value-added(in million yen)
Rate of change(%)

from the previous year
2003
2004
2005

2006

2007

117,179

116,078

118,652

118,718

111,172102.6%

99.1%

102.2%

100.1%

93.6%

Source: this survey
These figures were used for a calculation of number of workforce in fiscal 2005, forexample, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for other fiscal

years for which data were not available.
〔Formula〕Number of workforce (2005) = Number of workforce (2004) × Rate of change151

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries(2) Karaoke Box (Basic type)○ Statistics used in estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service Industries
×✓Value-added estimated in this survey
✓
✓

2005
×
✓

2006
×
✓

2007
×
✓

○ Estimation of number of workforce[Formula] Number of workforce = Number of employees A
A: Number of employees[Number of employees] of Sector 84M Karaoke Box Industry in the“Survey on Service Industries”○ Compensation of for statistics data
The “Survey on Service Industries” is published once every five years, and thelatest edition is for fiscal 2004. The survey on Section 84M Karaoke Box Industry was
implemented since fiscal 2004. As such, the data for fiscal 2003 and after 2005 were
estimated by using the growth rate of sales on operation in the Survey on Karaoke Box
Industry.”
Figure 5-28 Value-added in the amusement arcade industry and the rate of increase

Value-added(in million yen)
Rate of change(%)

from the previous year
2003
2004
2005

2006

2007

79,03273,39873,19173,69070,005

88.2%

92.9%

99.7%

100.7%

95.0%

Source: this survey
These figures were used for a calculation of number of workforce in fiscal 2005, forexample, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for other fiscal

years for which data were not available.
〔Formula〕Number of workforce (2005) = Number of workforce (2004) × Rate of change152

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries(3) Theme Park [Supplementary statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004 2005
Survey of Selected Service Industries
×✓×(Amusement / Theme park)

2006

2007

×

×

○ Estimation of number of workforce[Formula] Number of workforce = Number of employees A
A: Number of employees[Number of employees] in Theme Park Sector in the “Survey on Service
Industries”○ Compensation for statistical data
The section on amusement and theme parks in the "Survey on Service Industries"
is published once every three years, the last two being the fiscal 2001 and 2004 editions.
Data for years in which the research was not undertaken were obtained by linear
supplementation.
Disclosure of data on the amusement and theme park section in the "Survey ofVital Statistics of Selected Service Industries” began to be published since fiscal 2000.
In contrast to the "Survey of Selected Service Industries”, which covers all
establishments, it covers only the companies ranking at the top ranking
sales and data are disclosed on a monthly basis.
left by the former.

in terms of

It therefore compensates for the gaps

Data for fiscal 2005 were estimated using the rate of increase

relative to the previous year from it.
Figure 5-29 No. of employees in Theme Park Industry and the rate of change over theNo. of employees
Rate of change(%)

2003(34,058)
96.8%

previous year
2004
2005
32,957(30,560)
96.8%
92.7%

2006
(29,777)
97.4%

2007
(29,285)
98.3%

Source: "Survey of Selected Service Industries (Amusement / Theme park)" (Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry)"Survey of Vital Statistics of Selected Service Industries (Amusement / Themepark)" (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
These figures were used for a calculation of number of workforce in fiscal 2005, forexample, by means of the formulas noted below.

153

This was also done for other fiscal

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Number of workforce (2005) = Number of workforce (2004) × Growth rate
to previous year154

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

12) Design(1) Design [Basic statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service industries
×✓
Statistics from Analysis of Corporate✓✓
Financial Statements

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

✓

✓

✓

○ Estimation of number of workforce[Formula] Number of workforce = Number of employees A
A: Number of employees[Number of employees] in Sector 80H Design in the “Survey on Service
Industries”○ Compensation for statistical data
The "Survey of Selected Service Industries (Designing)" is published once every
five years. The most recent edition was fiscal 2004. Data for years in which the survey
was not implemented were estimated by linear compensation.
Figure 5-30 Number of employees in Design Industry and the rate of change relative to

No. of employees
Rate of change (%)

the previous year
2004
2005
2003
(46,508)
46,342 (46,177)
99.6%
99.6%
99.6%

2006
(46,012)
99.6%

2007
(45,848)
99.6%

Source: "Survey of Selected Service Industries (Designing)"
These figures were used to estimate number of workforce in fiscal 2005, forexample, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for other fiscal

years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Number of workforce (2005)= Number of workforce (2004)×Rate of change

155

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries13) Architecture(1) Architectural Design [Basic statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service industries
×✓
Estimated Value-added in this survey
✓
✓

2005
×
✓

2006
×
✓

2007
×
✓

○ Estimation of number of workforce[Formula] Number of workforce = Number of employees A
A: Number of employees[Number of employees] in Sector 80E Architecture Design Industry in the“Survey on Service Industries”○ Compensation for statistical data
The "Survey of Selected Service Industries" is published once every five years. The
most recent edition was fiscal 2004. Data for years in which a survey was not
implemented were compensated with the increase rate of Value-added in Architecture
Design Industry, obtained in this survey.
Figure 5-31 Value-added in Architecture Design Industry and the rate of change
relative to the previous year
Value-added(million yen)
Rate of change(%)

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

415,269

418,033

420,439

412,956

405,61490.6%

100.7%

100.6%

98.2%

98.2%

Source : this survey
These figures were used to estimate number of workforce in fiscal 2005, forexample, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for other fiscal

years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Number of workforce (2005)= Number of workforce (2004)×Rate of change

156

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries

14) Libraries and Museums(1) Libraries○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Statistics on Libraries in Japan
✓
✓

2005
✓

2006
✓

2007
✓

○ Estimation of Number of Workforce[Formula] Number of workforce = Number of workforce in public libraries A + Numberof workforce in universities and colleges B
A Number of workforce in public libraries[Formula] Number of workforce (Public libraries) = No. of full-time staff a + No. of
concurrently-serving staff b
a Number of full-time staff[No. of full-time staff] of public libraries in the "Statistics on Libraries inJapan"b Number of concurrently-serving staff[No. of concurrently-serving staff] of public libraries in the "Statistics on
Libraries in Japan"
B Number of workforce in university/ college libraries[Formula] Number of workforce in university/ college libraries= Number of full-time staff a+ Number of concurrently-serving staff b
a Number of full-time staff[No. of full-time staff] in university/ college libraries in the "Statistics on
Libraries in Japan"b Number of concurrently-serving staff[No. of concurrently-serving staff] university/ college libraries in the"Statistics on Libraries in Japan"(2) Art Museums [Supplementary statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Museum General Research Report
×✓
Value-added obtained in this survey
✓
✓

157

2005
×
✓

2006
×
✓

2007
×
✓

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries○ Estimation of Number of Workforce
The "Museum General Research Report" exhibits the results of a questionnaire
survey on incomes, targeted at art museums throughout the country.

The Value of

products was estimated by using the data in such report.
［Formula］Number of workforce ＝Average of staff number A×Number of museums B
A Average of staff number：［Average of staff number］of all museums in the “Museum General Research
Report”
B Number of art museum：［ Formula ］ Number of art museums ＝ Number of all museums a ÷Percentage by type b
a Number of all museums［Number of all museums］in the “Museum White Paper”
b Percentage by type
［Percentage by type］of art museum in the “Museum White Paper”○ Compensation for statistical data
The surveys are not conducted on a regular basis to issue the “Museum White
Paper”. The most recent edition was for fiscal 2004. Data for those years, in which thesurvey was not conducted, were calculated with the increase rate of Value-added in the
Art Museum Industry in this Survey.
Figure 5-32 Value-added in the Art Museum Industry and the rate of change relative tothe previous year
Value-added(million yen)
Rate of change(%)

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

21,52019,275

17,263

15,462

13,848

89.6%

89.6%

89.6%

89.6%

89.6%

Source : this survey
These figures were used to estimate number of workforce in fiscal 2005, forexample, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for other fiscal

years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Number of workforce (2005)= Number of workforce (2004)×Rate of change158

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 5: A Workforce Overview of JCI-classified Core Copyright Industries15) Authors and Artists(1) Authors and Artists, Musician [Basic statistics type]○ Statistics used in the estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Survey on Service industries
×
✓

2005
×

2006
×

2007
×

○ Estimation of Number of Workforce[Formula] Number of Workforce = Number of employees A
・A Number of employees[No. of employees] in Sector 807(authors and artists) in the "Survey on Service
industries"○ Compensation for statistical data
Editions of the "Survey on Service Industries" are published every five years. The
latest one is the fiscal 2004 edition. As appropriate statistics on the “Author & Artist
Industry” is not available for fiscal 2003 and fiscal years after 2005, data on theseyears were estimated by using the increase rate in Sector 807 Author & Artist Industry
in the editions for fiscal years of 1999 – 2004 of the Survey on Service Industries.”

Figure 5-33 Number of employees in Sector Author & Artist and the rate of change relative

No. of employees
Rate of change(%)

to the previous year
2003
2004
2005
(1,819)1,766(1,714)
97.1%
97.1%
97.1%

2006
(1,664)97.1%

2007(1,616)
97.1%

Source: "Survey on Service Industries”
These figures were used for a calculation of number of workforce in fiscal 2005, forexample, by means of the formulas noted below.

This was also done for other fiscal

years for which data were not available.
[Formula] Number of workforce (2005) = Number of workforce (2004) × Rate ofchange159

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 6: Overview on Workforce in JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

Chapter 6: Overview on Workforce in JCI-classified Inter-dependent
Copyright Industries
Ⅰ. Overview on workforce in JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industries
1. Workforce scale of JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industries
In fiscal 2007, the workforce in Japan’s JCI-classified inter-dependent copyrightindustries reached 267,000 workers. By JCI-classified industry sector, the largest
workforce was in the “Transmission-related Equipment & Media-Manufacturing
Industry” with 17.9% of share, followed in order by the “Computer Software-related
Equipment & Media Manufacturing Industry” and the “Music-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industry.”
Figure 6-1 Workforce Scale in JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industry(Fiscal 2007) (in thousand workers)
Workforce Scale
No. of

Proportion

workforce１

Printing/ Publishing-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries

Computer２

Equipment

26

9.8%

44

16.6%

14

5.2%

48

17.9%

39

14.5%

17

6.3%

37

13.7%

3

1.3%

Software-related
&

Media

Manufacturing

Industries

３

Broadcasting-related

Equipment&

Media Manufacturing Industries

４

Transmission-related

Equipment&

Media Manufacturing Industries

５

Music-related

Equipment

&

Media

Manufacturing Industries

６

Motion Picture-related Equipment&
Media Manufacturing Industries

７

Photography-related

Equipment&

Media Manufacturing Industries

８

Game Software-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries

160

Copyright White Paper

９10Chapter 6: Overview on Workforce in JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

Advertising-related & Media
Manufacturing Industries
Entertainment Facility-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries

11

Author-related

Equipment

&

Media

Manufacturing Industry

Total in JCI-classified inter-dependent
copyright industries

161

18

6.9%

19

7.2%

2

0.7%

267

100.0%

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 6: Overview on Workforce in JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

2. Positioning of JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industry in Japan’s workforce
The total workforce of 267,000 in JCI-classified copyright industry in fiscal 2007
represents 0.4% of Japan’s overall workforce.
The number of workforce in the inter-dependent copyright industry was 399,000
in fiscal 1998. During the period from fiscal 1998 to the current year, this industry has
decreased by 4.3% in average annual growth. Over the same period (fiscal 1998 – 2007),the growth rate of Japan’s total workforce was -0.3%, which indicated a decline in
number. As a result, because of the larger declining rate of workers in Japan, theproportion of workforce in the concerned industry declined from the level of 0.6%
recorded in fiscal 1998 to the current level.
Figure 6-2 Positioning of the JCI-classified inter-dependent copyright industry inJapan’s total workforce（thousand persons）

600

0.8%
The workforce in the core copyright industry
Proportion of the workforce（％）

500

0.6%
400
300

0.4%

200
0.2%
100
0

0.0%
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

1998a) JCI-classified
inter-dependent
copyright industriesb) Japan’s total workers
Ratio in Japan’s
workforce (a/b)(Source)

2002（Fiscal Year）(in thousand workers)
AverageAnnualGrowth
rate
2007

399

323

267

-4.3%

66,276

63,59264,451

-0.3%

0.6%

0.5%

0.4%

No. of workers : the number of employees in “Annual Report on National Income” (fixed forfiscal 2007)

162

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 6: Overview on Workforce in JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

3. Factors causing a downsize of workforce scale in JCI-classified inter-dependent
copyright industry
A look at the downsize of workforce scale in JCI-classified inter-dependent
copyright industry by industrial sector reveals that a large part (i.e., 33.5%) of thisdownsize derives from the “Computer Software-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industry.” In addition, the “Music-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industry” accounts for 29.9% for downsize of workforce scale in overall
inter-dependent copyright industries.
For the change of proportion of each sector, the ratio of the “Transmission-related
Equipment & Media Manufacturing Industry” has remarkably increased from 10.7% to17.9%. Conversely, that of the “Computer Software-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industry” has significantly declined to 16.6% from 22.2%.
Figure 6-3 Trend of workforce by JCI-classified copyright industry sector (fiscal 1998-2007)(in thousand workers)
1998
Work Proport
force
ion
Printing/
１

2007
Workf Proport
orce
ion

IncreaseinnumberRate ofcontrib
ution

Publishing-related

Equipment & Media Manufacturing

41

10.2%

26

9.8%

-15

11.1%

88

22.2%

44

16.6%

-44

33.5%

13

3.2%

14

5.2%

1

-0.7%

43

10.7%

48

17.9%

5

-4.0%

78

19.6%

39

14.5%

-39

29.9%

45

11.3%

17

6.3%

-28

21.5%

40

10.1%

37

13.7%

-3

2.7%

11

2.7%

3

1.3%

-7

5.6%

Industries
Computer２

Software-related

Equipment & Media Manufacturing
Industries

３

Broadcasting-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries

４

Transmission-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries

５

Music-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries

６

Motion Picture-related Equipment&
Media Manufacturing Industries

７

Photography-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries

８

Game Software-related Equipment& Media Manufacturing Industries

163

Copyright White Paper

９

Advertising-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries
Entertainment

10

Chapter 6: Overview on Workforce in JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

26

6.4%

18

6.9%

-7

5.4%

12

2.9%

19

7.2%

8

-5.9%

3

0.8%

2

0.7%

-1

1.0%

399

100.0%

267

100.0%-131

100.0%

Facility-related

Equipment & Media Manufacturing
Industries

11

Author-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries

Total in Copyright Industries

Note: Rate of contribution = increase of workforce by industry sector/ increase in theoverall industry

164

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 6: Overview on Workforce in JCI-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries

II. Methodologies to measure the scale of JCI-classified inter-dependent copyrightindustry
1. Data used for estimate
The data in the “Census of Manufacturers” are used for estimation of workforce in
the inter-dependent copyright industries.
○ Statistics used for estimation and data available years
Statistics
2003 2004
Census of Manufactures
✓
✓

2005
✓

2006
✓

2007
✓

2. Precondition of estimation
All estimates are calculated on a fiscal year basis.
3. Methodologies to calculate number of workforce
The data on［Number of employees］and [Value of shipment] in the “Census of
Manufacturers” are used for estimating number of workforce in the inter-dependent
copyright industry. The data on [Number of employees] are available by industry sector,
but not by item. Therefore, [Number of employees] by industry sector is converted byallying [Value of shipment] by item. Please refer to the aforementioned section in thisdocument for the system of conversion.
○ Estimation of number of workforce［Formula］Number of workforce ＝ Number of employees A× Conversion Rate B
A Number of employees［Number of employees］ by industry sector in the “Census of Manufacturers”
B Conversion rate
［ Formula ］ Conversion rate ＝ Value of products by item a÷ Value of
products by industry sector b
a［Value of shipment］by item in the “Census of Manufactures”
b［Value of shipment］ by industry sector in the “Census of Manufacturers”

165Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry
I. Definitions of foreign trade in the copyright industry
Foreign trade in the copyright industry can be divided into two categories basedon transaction types.
The first category includes copyright trade, such as payments for the use of
copyrighted materials (literature, academic, art and music materials) and for the use ofcultural and entertainment services that involve copyright use. Among economic
activities, this is regarded as “foreign trade in services."
The second category includes transactions of copyright products, in which
copyrighted materials (literature, academic, art and music materials) are traded ascommercial products. Among economic activities, this is regarded as “foreign trade ofgoods."
Accordingly, foreign trade in the copyright industry consists of two trading types:
services and products.
Figure 7-1 Types of Foreign Trade in Copyright Industry
Types of Foreign
Trade of CopyrightIndustry

1. Copyright Trade

Foreign Trade in Services

2. Copyright Tradeincommercial
products

Foreign Trade in Goods

1. Definitions of copyright trade
Copyright trade is considered to be the trade of services and quantitatively
analyzed as the balance on services in economic statistics and consists of the following
items:

166

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

Figure 7-2 Statistical Cassifications in Trade Value in Services
Items
Balance of payments inservices
Transportation
Truism & travel
Other services
Communication
services
Construction
services
Insuranceservices
Financial services
Information
servicesRoyalties
license fees

andUsage fees on
industrial
rightsandmining rights(Note 1)

Usage fees on
copyright
products (Note
1 & 2)
Other
profit-making
business services

Description of items and principal examples

Payments/ receipts of fees on on-line data services provided from residents to
non-residents or vice versa, and news-providing services by news media.
(1) Payments/ receipts of the following fees on services related to computers:
・ Usage fees, data-processing fees, data-providing fees (data creation, outsourcing ofcomputation works, time-sharing, database, on-line services, etc.)
・ Fees on outsourcing the software development works.
・ Repair/ maintenance charges.
・ Coaching..
(２)Payments/ receipts of fees on news-providing services by mass media (including
news videos, films)
Payments/ receipts of usage fees related to industrial rights such as patent rights, andtrademarks, mining rights, and copyrights from residents to non-residents, or viceversa.
(1) Payments/ receipts of usage fees on industrial rights (patent rights, utility modelrights, design rights, and trademarks).
(2) Payments/ rights of usage fees on mining rights (exploitation rights andpre-exploitation rights).
(3) Payments/ receipts of usage fees on know-how (technical information).
(4) Payments/ receipts of various expenses on obtaining franchise membership.
(5) Payments/ receipts of usage fees on intellectual property rights almost equivalent tothe above-mentioned rights.
(6) Payments/ receipts of instruction fees on techniques and business management
related to the rights mentioned in the above items from (1) to (4).
Payments/ receipts of usage fees on copyright products such as literatures, academic
works, art works, music, etc. Copyright products include software and character goods.

Payments/ receipts of expenses on trades on other various services than thosementioned in the above items, accounted in both residents and non-residents. Regarding
goods and services as well as nonmonetary gold which are purchased or sold in asignificantly short period without custom clearance in Japan such as gold dealing, thebalance accounted in such trade activities shall be recorded as service fees. In addition,
the balance in intermediary trade, other trade-related activities, and operational-service
trade shall be recorded.
Intermediary trade & other trade-related activities (Note 1)
Operational lease (Note 1)
Other◆ Promotion fees
operations/spe (1) Payments/ receipts of fees on business promotions such as TV commercials, and fees
cialized
on developing advertisement (commercials, posters, giveaways).
technology(2) Payments/ receipts of expenses on organizing exhibitions and trade shows.
services (Note (3) Payments/ receipts of expenses on commodity-sales promotion activities.
1)◆ Consulting/ coaching fees related to legal/ accounting matters, agent fees, auditing
fees, etc.

167

Copyright White Paper

Culturalrecreational
services

Government
services, n.i.e.

andChapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry(1) Payments/ receipts of legal advisory fees, accounting audit fees, tax-service fees, etc.
(2) Payments/ receipts of consulting fees on business management.
(3) Payments/ receipts of agent-business fees such as preparing documents related tolegal/ accounting matters.
◆ Payments/ receipts of expenses on research-development: baseline research,
application research, new-product development, etc.
◆ Other expenses related to professional services: payments/ receipts of expenses on
professional services. The principal examples are as follows:・ Architecture, engineering, and other technical services (architecture design in theurban-development project, planning/ drawing/ supervising of construction,
experiments/ examination of product, etc.)
・ Agricultural/ mining services (extermination of disease and insect damage,agricultural improvement, mining analysis, etc.)
・ Other professional services (market research, transaction/ interpretation, patentapplication, agent services for registration, medical services, etc.)
Payments/ receipts of production costs, rental fees, related to audio/ visual services,from residents to non-residents, or vice versa.
◆ Expenses related to culture or recreation(1) Payments/ receipts of revenues in organizing entertainment events such as
show-performance, recreational/ music/ sporting/ cultural events (selling
performance rights, admission fees, performing fees paid to entertainers, athletes,etc.), or other related expenses in organizing events (venue, promotion activities,
performing fees paid to entertainer, athletes, etc.)(2) Payments/ receipts of performing fees paid to entertainers/ athletes who are
performing at TV programs, etc.)(3) Payments/ receipts of entrance fees or membership fees which are accounted at
obtaining the membership of association, club, academic organization, or othergroup.
◆ Production costs, rental fees, and screening/ broadcasting fees, of image/ audio media
such as films, tapes, etc.
(1) Payments/ receipts of production costs of motion-picture films (including TV films,
video tapes), sound-related tapes, records, etc. Production costs also include
performing fees paid to actors and compensations paid to producers.
(2) Payments/ receipts of rectal fees, screening/ broadcasting fees, anddistribution-right usage fees.
"Government services, n.i.e." is a residual category associated with the public sector andcovers services not included in the above categories.

Note 1: These items are those appeared in the data obtained in the BOJ’s “Time-series Statistical
Data Research Site”
Note 2: These items are not independently used in the BOJ’s “Time-series Statistical Data ResearchSite”. In practice, the values are obtained with deducting the value of “usage fees ofindustrial/ mining right” from the “usage fees of patent rights.”
Source: Generated by NRI based on the “Codes for International Balance of Payments & Description
thereof” and the “Descriptions on International Balance of Payments” issued by the BOJ

Based on the aforementioned statistical classifications, the following four
categories emerged as candidates applicable for copyright trade analysis:- Information services;- Copyright-related usage fees;- Cultural/entertainment services; and168

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry- Other operations/specialized technology services
The other operations/specialized technology services listed above, however, also
include business activities not related to copyright trade. Furthermore, the trade value
in this category, at around a few trillion yen, far exceeds the other three, which eachtotal roughly a few hundred billion yen.
This would require extraction of the applicable data from the total trade value forthis particular category. This could not be accommodated, however, as subcategory
breakdowns for these four categories were not available from any published statistics.
As using the total trade value of the other operations/specialized technology
services without extraction would lead to overvaluing the trading activities of the
copyright

industry,thefollowing

three

categories,

excluding

the

other

operations/specialized technology services, were analyzed in this study:- Information services;- Copyright-related usage fees; and- Cultural/entertainment services
As mentioned previously, since subcategory breakdowns for these service
categories were not available, subcategory estimations of copyright transactions could
not be conducted, unlike for value added estimates, in which 15 subcategories wereanalyzed.
Accordingly, in this study, the combined trade value of the aforementioned three
categories was considered to be the trade value of foreign trade activities in the
copyright industry.

169

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

2. Definitions of copyright trade in commercial products
1) Foreign Trade in Core-copyright Industry
Copyright product trading is considered to be the trade of goods andquantitatively analyzed as the balance on trade in economic statistics, specifically inthe trade statistics that contain trade values by product. Products are categorized with
9-digit item numbers.
The items in the shaded columns in the table below emerged as applicablecandidates for copyright product analysis.
Figure 7-3 Statistical Items of Foreign Trade of Goods in Core-copyright Industry(2009)
Section VI
Chapter 37
37.04
3704.00

PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES
Photographic or cinematographic goods.
000

37.05
3705.103705.90
37.06

000
000

3706.103706.90
Chapter 48

000
000

Chapter 49
Section XVI

Chapter 8585.238523.218523.298523.40

000
000
000

8523.518523.52000
100Photographic plates, film, paper, paperboard and textiles, exposed
but not developed.
Photographic plates and film, exposed and developed, otherthan cinematographic film.
－ For offset reproduction－ OtherCinematographic film, exposed and developed, whether or notincorporating sound track or consisting only of sound track.
－ Of a width of 35 mm or more
－ OtherPaper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of
paperboard.
Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other products of theprinting industry; manuscripts, typescripts and plans.
MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT; PARTS THEREOF; SOUND RECORDERS AND
REPRODUCERS, TELEVISION IMAGE AND SOUND
RECORDERS AND REPRODUCERS, AND PARTS ANDACCESSORIES OF SUCH ARTICLESElectrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; soundrecorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders
and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles.
Discs, tapes, solid-state non-volatile storage devices, "smart cards"
and other media for the recording of sound or of other phenomena,whether or not recorded, including matrices and masters for the
production of discs, but excluding products of Chapter 37－ Magnetic media－－ Cards incorporating a magnetic stripe－－ Other－ Optical media－ Semiconductor media－－Solid-state non-volatile storage devices－－ "Smart cards"－－－ Proximity cards and tags

170

Copyright White Paper

8523.598523.80
Section XX

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

900
000
000

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURED ARTICLES

Chapter 95
95.04
9504.10
Section XXI

000

Toys, games and sports requisites; parts and accessories thereof.
Articles for funfair, table or parlour games, including pintables,
billiards, special tables for casino games and automatic bowlingalley equipment－ Video games of a kind used with a television receiver
WORKS OF ART, COLLECTORS' PIECES AND ANTIQUES

Chapter 97
97.01

9701.109701.9097.02
9702.00
97.03
9703.00－－－ Other－－ Other－ Other

000
000

Works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques.
Paintings, drawings and pastels, executed entirely by hand, otherthan drawings of heading 49.06 and other than hand-painted or
hand-decorated manufactured articles; collages and similar
decorative plaques－ Paintings drawings and pastels－ Other000

Original engravings, prints and lithographs000

Original sculptures and statuary, in any material

Note:In 9-digit code, the first 6-digit code is internationally harmonized under the HS Convention(International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Condint System)and that of export and import are same. The last 3-digit code is domestically defined and that is
not always applied for export and import.
Source: Produced by NRI based on the “Export Statistical Export Schedule” of the “Ministry of
Finance Japan”

Further reviews of these candidates resulted in the following list (Figure 7-4) of
copyright product categories.
Since 2007, Item 85 (discs, tapes, nonvolatile semiconductor memory devices,
smart cards and other media) has included both unrecorded media (unused) andrecorded media (considered to be copyrighted materials), making data extraction
unavailable for copyrighted materials alone. It should be noted, therefore, that the2007 estimate of the trade value of copyright products does not include data from thecategory for discs, tapes, nonvolatile semiconductor memory devices, smart cards andother media.

171

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

Figure 7-4 Classifications of Core-Copyright Industries
under the White Paper Definition (2009)Classifications in the White Paper
Photographic films
Cinematograp;hic films

Printed books, newspapers,
pictur4es

Music
Plans and drawings

Records, tapes and other media(recorded)

Video games for commercial
purposes

Works of arts

Descriptions, Corresponding Statistical Code, etc.
 Photographic plates, film, paper, paperboard andtextiles, exposed but not developed
 Corresponding statistical item numbers: 37.04 & 37.05
 Cinematographic film, exposed and developed, whether
or not incorporating sound track or consisting only ofsound track.
 Corresponding statistical code: 37.06
 Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other productsof the printing industry; manuscripts, typescripts andplans..
 Excluded the items classified in the followingclassifications such as “Music”, “Plans and drawings”
and “Unused postage, revenue or similar stamps of
current or new issue in the country in which they have,or will have, a recognised face value; stamp-impressed
paper; banknotes; cheque forms; stock, share or bondcertificates and similar documents of title (Code 49.07)”
in the statistical code Chapter 49.
 Music, printed or in manuscript whether or not boundor illustrated
 Corresponding statistical code: 49.04
 Plans and drawings for architectural, engineering,industrial, commercial, topographical or similar
purposes, being originals drawn by hand; hand-written
texts; photographic reproductions on sensitised paperand carbon copies of the foregoing Corresponding statistical code: 49.06.
 Records, tapes and other media for the recording ofsound or other phenomea, whether or not recorded
including matrices and masters for the production ofdiscs, but excluding products of “materials forphotographic and cinematographic products in Chapter
37.
 Statistical code 85.24.
 It should be noted that trade value for these items had
been included in estimation until 2006, and were notcountde for aggregation as they were excluded forstatistics in 2007.
 Video games of a kind used with a television receiveramong articles for funfair, table or parlour games,
including pintables, billiards, special tables for casino
games and automatic bowling alley equipment.
 Corresponding statistical code: 9504.10.
 Tems in this category are as follows:¾ Paintings, drawings and pastels, executed entirely
by hand, other than drawings of heading 49.06 andother than hand-painted or hand-decorated
manufactured articles; collages and similar
decorative plaques.
¾ Original engravings, prints and lithographs¾ Original sculptures and statuary, in any material.
 Corresponding statistical codes: 97.01, 97.02 and 97.03.

Source: Generated by NRI based on the “Foreign Trade Statistics”, the “Export
Statistical Schedule”, and the “Schedule of Applied Tariff Rate” issued by the Ministry172

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industryof Finance Japan.
2) Foreign Trade of Inter-dependent Copyright Industry
The classification of the inter-dependent copyright industrial goods is shown in the
below table:
Figure 7-5 Classifications of Inter-dependnent Copyright Industries
under the White Paper Definition
Section VI
Chapter 32

32.07

000

PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES
Tanning or dyeing extracts; tannins and their derivatives; dyes, pigments
and other colouring matter; paints and varnishes; putty and othermastics; inks.
Prepared pigments, prepared opacifiers and prepared colours, vitrifiable
enamels and glazes, engobes (slips), liquid lustres and similar
preparations, of a kind used in the ceramic, enamelling or glass industry;
glass frit and other glass, in the form of powder, granules or flakes.

32.12

000

Pigments (including metallic powders and flakes) dispersed in
non-aqueous media, in liquid or paste form, of a kind used in the
manufacture of paints (including enamels); stamping foils; dyes and othercolouring matter put up in forms or packings for retail sale.

32.13

000

Artists', students' or signboard painters' colours, modifying tints,
amusement colours and the like, in tablets, tubes, jars, bottles, pans or insimilar forms or packings.

32.15

000

Printing ink, writing or drawing ink and other inks, whether or notconcentrated or solid.

Chapter 37

Photographic or cinematographic goods.

37.01

000

Photographic plates and film in the flat, sensitised, unexposed, of any
material other than paper, paperboard or textiles; instant print film in
the flat, sensitised, unexposed, whether or not in packs.

37.02

000

Photographic film in rolls, sensitised, unexposed, of any material otherthan paper, paperboard or textiles; instant print film in rolls, sensitised,
unexposed.

37.03

000

37.07

000

Photographic paper, paperboard and textiles, sensitised, unexposed.
Chemical preparations for photographic uses (other than varnishes,
glues, adhesives and similar preparations); unmixed products forphotographic uses, put up in measured portions or put up for retail salein a form ready for use.
PULP OF WOOD OR OF OTHER FIBROUS CELLULOSIC MATERIAL;

Section X

RECOVERED (WASTE AND SCRAP) PAPER OR PAPERBOARD;PAPER AND PAPERBOARD AND ARTICLES THEREOF

Chapter 48
48.01

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard.
000

Newsprint, in rolls or sheets.

173

Copyright White Paper

48.02

48.10

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

000

Uncoated paper and paperboard, of a kind used for writing, printing orother graphic purposes, and non perforated punch-cards and punch tapepaper, in rolls or rectangular (including square) sheets, of any size, otherthan paper of heading 48.01 or 48.03; hand-made paper and paperboard.

000

Paper and paperboard, coated on one or both sides with kaolin (Chinaclay) or other inorganic substances, with or without a binder, and with noother coating, whether or not surface-coloured, surface -decorated orprinted, in rolls or rectangular (including square) sheets, of any size.
MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT; PARTS THEREOF; SOUND RECORDERS AND

Section XVIREPRODUCERS, TELEVISION IMAGE AND SOUND RECORDERS
AND REPRODUCERS, AND PARTS AND ACCESSORIES OF SUCH
ARTICLES

Chapter 84
84.69

000

84.71

000

Chapter 85

85.17

000

85.18

000

85.19

000

85.21

000

85.23

000

85.25

000

85.27

000

85.28

000

Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts
thereof.
Typewriters other than printers of heading 84.43; word-processing
machines
Automatic data processing machines and units thereof; magnetic or
optical readers, machines for transcribing data onto data media in coded
form and machines for processing such data, not elsewhere specified or
includedElectrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders
and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers,
and parts and accessories of such articles.
Telephone sets, including telephones for celular networks or for otherwireless networks; other apparatus for the transmission or reception ofvoice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication in a
wired or wireless network (such as a loca or wide area network), otherthan transmission or reception apparatus of heading 84.43, 85.25, 85.27
or 85.28
Microphones and stands therefor; loudspeakers, whetehr or not mounted
in their enclosures; headphones and earphones, whether or not combinedwith a microphone, and sets consisting of a microphone and one or more
loudspeakers; audio-frequency electric amplifiers; electric soundamplifier sets
Sound recording or reproducing apparatus
Video recording or reproducing apparatus, whether or not incorporating avideo tuner
Discs, tapes, solid-state non-volatile storage devices, "smart cards" andother media for the recording of sound or of other phenomena, whether or
not recorded, including matrices and masters for the production of discs,
but excluding products of Chapter 37
Transmission apparatus for radio-broadcasting or television, whether or
not incorporating reception apparatus or sound recording or reproducing
apparatus; television cameras, digital cameras and video camera
recorders
Reception apparatus for radio-broadcasting, whether or not combined, inthe same housing, with sound recording or reproducing apparatus or aclock
Monitors and projectors, not incorporating television reception
apparatus; reception apparatus for television, whether or notincorporating radio-broadcast receivers or sound or video recording or
reproducing apparatus

174

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

8529.90

100

Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of heading
85.25 to 85.28－－ Display modules

8529.90

200－－ Incorporating liquid crystal devices (LCD)

000

Insulated (including enamelled or anodised) wire, cable (including
co-axial cable) and other insulated electric conductors, whether or not
fitted with connectors; optical fibre cables, made up of individually
sheathed fibres, whether or not assembled with electric conductors or
fitted with connectors

85.29

85.44

000

OPTICAL, PHOTOGRAPHIC, CINEMATOGRAPHIC, MEASURING,CHECKING, PRECISION, MEDICAL OR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS

Section XVIII

AND APPARATUS; CLOCKS AND WATCHES; MUSICAL

Chapter 90

90.01

000

90.06

000

90.07

000

90.08

000

90.10

000

Chapter 92
92.00

000

Section XX

INSTRUMENTS; PARTS AND ACCESSORIES THEREOF
Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision,
medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories
thereof.
Optical fibres and optical fibre bundles; opticla fibre cables other thanthose of heading 85.44; sheets and plates of polarising material; lenses(including contact lenses), prisms, mirrors and other optical elements, of
any material, unmounted, other than such elements of glass not opticallyworkedPhotographic (other than cinematographic) cameras; photographic
flashlight apparatus and flashbulbs other than discharge lamps ofheading 85.39
Cinematographic cameras and projectors, whether or not incorporating
sound recording or reproducing apparatus
Image projectors, other than cinematographic; photographic (other thancinematographic) enlargers and reducers
Apparatus and equipment for photographic (including cinematographic)laboratories, not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter;
negatoscopes; projection screensMusical instruments; parts and accessories of such articles.
Musical instruments; parts and accessories of such articles.
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURED ARTICLES

Chapter 95

Toys, games and sports requisites; parts and accessories thereof.

9504.20000－ Articles and accessories for billiards of all kinds

9504.30000－ Other games, operated by coins, banknotes, bank cards, tokens or byother means of payment, other than bowling alley equipment

9504.90

100－－ Electronic game equipments (operated by battery)

Chapter 969603.30

000

96.08

000

96.09

000

Miscellaneous manufactured articles.
－ Artists' brushes, writing brushes and similar burushes for theapplication of cosmetics
Ball point pens; felt tipped and other porous-tipped pens and markers;
fountain pens, stylograph pens and other pens; duplicating stylos;
propelling or sliding pencils; pen-holders, pencil-holders and similarholders; parts (including caps and clips) of the foregoing articles, otherthan those of heading 96.09
Pencils (other than pencils of heading 96.08), crayons, pencil leads,
pastels, drawing charcoals, writing or drawing chalks and tailors' chalks

Note: In 9-digit code, the first 6-digit code is internationally harmonized under the HS Convention

175

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry(International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Condint System)and that of export and import are same. The last 3-digit code is domestically defined and that is
not always applied for export and import.
Source: Produced by NRI based on the “Export Statistical Export Schedule” of the “Ministry of
Finance Japan”

Further reviews of these candidates resulted in the following list of copyrightproduct categories:
Figure 7-6 Classifications of Inter-dependent Copryright Industrial Products
under the White Paper Definition
Classification under the White
Paper Definition
Paper

Printing ink
Computer

Recording media

Transmission & reception apparatus
for broadcasting
Transmission/ reception

cables andtelephones

Musical instruments
Sound

recordingor

reproducing

apparatus and microphones
Cinematographic

apparatus

andequipments
Photographic

apparatus

andDescription, correspondoing statistical code, etc.
 Newsprint, in rolls or sheets, uncoated paper andpaperboard, of a kind used for writing, printing or othergraphic purposes, and paperboard (excluding paper andpaperboard of a kind used as a base for photosensitive,
heat-sensitive or electro-sensitive paper or paperboard
classified statistical code 4802.20)
 Corredponding statistical codes: 48.01, 48.02, and 48.10
 Printing ink; writing or drawing ink.
 Corresponding statistical code: 32.15
 Typewriters; word-processing machines; automatic dataprocessing machines and units thereof; magnetic or
optical readers.
 Corresponding statistical codes: 84.69 and 84.71.
 Discs, tapes, solid-state non-volatile storage devices,"smart cards" and other media for the recording ofsound or of other phenomena, whether or not recorded,
including matrices and masters for the production ofdiscs, but excluding products of Chapter 37
 Corresponding statistical code: 85.23
 Transmission apparatus for radio-broadcasting or
television,television cameras, digital cameras and video
camera recorders
 Corresponding statistical codes: 85.25, 85.27, and 85.28
 Telephone sets, including telephones for cellular
networks or for other wireless networks; otherapparatus for the transmission or reception of voice,images or other data; wires/cables; optical figre cables.
 Corresponding statistical codes: 85.17, 85.44, and 90.01.
 Musical instruments; parts and accessories of sucharticles.
 Corresponding statistical code: 92
 Microphones; loudspeakers; headphones; earphones;
sound-recording or reproducing apparatus.
 Corresponding statistical codes: 85.18, 85.19
 Videorecordingor
reproducing
apparatus;
cinematographic cameras: image projectors.
 Corresponding statistical codes: 85.21, 90.07 and 90.10
 Photographic plates and films in sensitized (but not176

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

equipment & films

Game apparatus

Pigments & blushes for artistic uses

exposed), chemical preparations for photographic use,
paper and paperboard of a kind used as a base forphotosensitive,
photographic(otherthancinematographic) cameras; photographic flashlightapparatus;
image
projectors,
other
than
cinematographic,
photographic(otherthancinematographic) enlargers and reducers
Corresponding statistical codes: 37.01, 37.02, 37.03,
37.07, 4802.20, 90.06, and 90.08
Articles and accessories for billiards of all kinds;
apparatus and accessories for electronic game
Corresponding statistical codes: 9504.20, 9504.30,
9504.90
Artists' brushes, writing brushes; paint, distemper,
varnish or similar brushes; ball point pens; felt tipped
and other porous-tipped pens and markers; fountainpens; penciles; propelling or sliding pencils; crayons,pastels, drawing charcoals, writing or drawingt chals.
Corresponding statistical codes: 32.07, 32.12, 32.13,
9603.30, 9603.40, 96.08, and 96.09

Source: Generated by NRI based on the “Foreign Trade Statistics”, the “Export Statistical Schedule”,
and the “Schedule of Applied Tariff Rate” issued by the Ministry of Finance Japan.

177

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

II. Details for copyright industry trade value estimates
The following tables show the statistics used for estimating trade values in the
copyright ndustry and the years in which data were available:○ Statistics used for estimating trade valudes
Corresponding copyright-industry classification
Foreign trade in services
Information service
Copyright-related usage fees
Cultural/entertainment
services
Foreign
Core-copyright
Photographic films
tradeof industries
Cinematographic films
goods
Printed books, newspapers,
pictures
MusicsPlans and drawings
Records, tapes and othermedia (recorded)
Video games for commercial
purposes
Works of arts
Inter-dependentPaper
copyright industries
Printing inks
Computer
Recording media
Transmission & reception
apparatus for broadcasting
Transmission/
reception
cables and telephones
Musical instruments
Sound
recordingor
reproducing apparatus &equipments and microphones
Cinematographic apparatus
and equipments
Photographic apparatus &equipments and films
Game apparatus
Pigments and blushes forartistic uses

○ Years in which data were available for each statistics
Statistics
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
BalanceofPayments
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Statistics (BOJ)
Foreign Trade
Statistics(the
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
MinistryofFinance Japan)

178

Used Statistics
BalanceofPayments
Statistics (BOJ)

Foreign
Trade
Statistics(the Ministry of
Finance Japan)

2004

2005

2006

2007

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry○Trade value estimates[Copyright trade value][Formula] Export value = credits aa credits = total credits in each category of balance on services[Formula] Import value = debits bb debits = total debits in each category of balance on services[Formula] balance of trade = net balance value c = credits a – debits bc net balance value = total net value in each category of balance on services[Copyright product trading value][Formula] Export value = total export value in each category of trade statistics[Formula] Import value = total import value in each category of trade statistics[Formula] Balance of trade = export value – import value○ Deflators used for applications
Corresponding copyright-industry classification
Foreign trade in services

Information service
Copyright-related usage fees
Cultural/entertainment
services

Foreigntrade ofgoods

Photographic films
Cinematographic films
Printed books, newspapers,
pictures
MusicsPlans and drawings
Records, tapes and othermedia (recorded)
Video games for commercial
purposes
Works of arts
Paper
Printing inks
Computer
Recording media
Transmission & reception
apparatus for broadcasting
Transmission/
reception
cables and telephones
Musical instruments
Sound
recordingor
reproducing apparatus &equipments
andmicrophones

Core-copyrightindustries

Inter-dependent
copyright
industries

179

Deflator values used
Exports(Credits)
Imports(debits)
Exports of service Importsof(" Annual Report services(" AnnualonNational Reporton
Income " (2007))
National Income" (2007))
Exports of goods(" ImportsofAnnual Report on goods(" Annual
National Income " Reporton(2007))
National Income" (2007))

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

Cinematographic apparatus
and equipments
Photographic apparatus &equipments and films
Game apparatus
Pigments and blushes forartistic uses

○Deflator values (Fiscal Year)
Exportsofservices
Importsofservices
Exportsof goods
Importsof goods

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

102.6

105.0

103.8

101.5

100.5

102.6

99.2

98.5

98.3

100.7

102.2

105.1

100.2

105.6

106.4

99.3

101.5

106.3

106.5

109.6

114.1

118.6

123.5

132.9

112.4

103.0

100.5

102.5

99.5

95.8

95.0

97.2

100.2

100.4

112.4

103.0

102.8

98.6

100.8

100.8

99.8

96.1

100.0

110.1

118.2

128.3

102.8

98.6

○Real value calculations
Real values are calculated as follows using the aforementioned deflator values:[Formula] Real value = nominal value ÷ deflator × 100
Real values for balance of trade are calculated as follows:[Formula] balance of trade (real value) = export (real value) – import (real value)= credits (real value) – debits (real value)180

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

III. Scale of copyright industry foreign trade(Estimates)
1. Scale of copyright trade
1) Scale of copyright trade: an overview
Japan’s copyright trade values (real values) for 2007 are 319 billion yen in credits(exports) and 1,036 trillion yen in debits (imports), making the excess of debits overcredits 717 billion in the balance of trade.
Figure 7-7 Trade values of copyright foreign trade (Fiscal 2007)(Billion yen)
Credits (Exports)

Debits (Imports)

Net balance value(balance of trade)

105
200
15
319

326
597
113
1,036

-222
-397
-98
-717

Information service
Copyright-related usage fees
Cultural/entertainment services
Total(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)
2) Scale of copyright trade: trends
An analysis of Japan’s copyright foreign trade values (real values) indicates thatthe excess of debits over credits has been growing since 2003. This was mainly due toan increase in copyright usage fees.
Figure 7-8 Change of copyright foreign trades in the Core-copyright industries(real values)
400（Billion yen）

400

200

200

0
-200

0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

-200

-400

-400

-600

-600

-800

-800

-1,000-1,000-1,200-1,200Credits(Exports)

Debits(Imports)

181

BalanceCopyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

Figure 7-9 Change of export values by Core-copyright industry segment(Billion yen)
1998
Information service
Copyright-related
usage fees
Cultural/entertainme
nt services
Total

Average annual
growthe

2007
143

105

-4.4%

78

200

14.4%

28

15

-8.8%

248

319

3.6%

(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)
Figure 7-10 Change of import values by Core-copyright industry segment(Billion yen)
1998

Average annual
growth2007

Information service
Copyright-related
usage fees
Cultural/entertainment services

399

326

-2.8%

317

597

9.5%

144

113

-3.5%

Total

860

1,036

2.7%

(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

3) Scale of copyright trade: share services on overall balance
Japan’s copyright foreign trade values (real values) represent approximately 2 to
3% of credits (exports) and approximately 6 to 7% of debits (imports) in the overallbalance on services.
Figure 7-11 Share of services in Copyright Foreing Trade(Billion yen)
1998

Average annual
growth/total increase

2007
248

319

3.6%

Services (Total credits)

7,466

14,56110.0%

Services ratio (%)

3.3%

2.2%

-1.1 point

Debits (imports)

860

1,036

2.7%

13,124

13,468

0.4%

6.6%

7.7%

+1.1 point

Credits (exports)

Services(Total debits)
Services ratio (%)(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

182

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

2. Scale of copyright trade in commercial products
1) Scale of core-copyright trade in commercial products(1) Scale of core-copyright trade in commercial products: an overview
Japan’s copyright product foreign trade values (real values) for 2007 are 214.2
billion yen in exports and 249.4 billion yen in imports, making the excess of debits overcredits 35.2 billion yen in the balance of trade.
Figure7-12 Trade values of core-copyright product foreign trade (Fiscal 2007)
Exports

Imports(Billion yen)
Balance

57.0
0.2

6.3
1.2

50.7
-0.9

84.3
0.1

68.4
0.7

16.0
-0.5

1.3

0.1

1.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

Video games for commercial purposes

56.1

147.0

-90.9

Works of arts

15.0

25.8

-10.8

Total (Core-copyright product)

214.2

249.4

-35.2

Photographic films
Cinematographic films
Printed books, newspapers, pictures
MusicsPlans and drawings
Records,
tapes and(recorded)

other

media

(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)(2) Scale of core-copyright trade in commercial products: trends
An analysis of Japan’s copyright product foreign trade values (real values)
indicates that export volumes have stayed unchanged since 2000. It should be notedthat the decrease in the 2007 trading value was offset by increases in the “books,
newspapers and paintings,” the “commercial video games” and the “art objects” sectors,
as the 2007 trading value does not include “records, tapes and other media”.
Import volumes have also remained unchanged with the exception of 2006. An
increase in 2006 was generated by the "commercial video games" sector. The 2007
figure has returned to the level prior to 2005, due to the "records, tapes and othermedia" sector being excluded in 2007.

183

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

Figure 7-13 Change of core-copyright product foreign trade (real values)(Billion yen)

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100
0

0
-100

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

-100

-200

-200

-300

-300

-400

-400
Exports

Imports

Balance*For 2007, the “Records, tapes and other media” are not included.

Figure 7-14 Change of export values by core-copyright product segment(Billion yen)
1998

Averageannual growth

2007

Photographic films

9.0

57.0

30.2%

Cinematographic films

0.3

0.2

-1.2%

Printed books, newspapers, pictures

37.2

84.3

12.4%

Musics

0.1

0.1

6.4%

1.6

1.3

-3.5%

206.2

56.1

-17.0%

3.1

15.0

25.5%

301.4

214.2

-4.8%

Plans and drawings
Records, tapes(recorded)

and

other

media

43.9

Video games for commercial purposes
Works of arts
Total (Core-copyright product)

Note: For 2007, the “Record, tapes, and other media” is not included.
(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

184

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

Figure7-15 Change of import values by core-copyright product segment(Billion yen)
1998

Average annual
growth

2007

Photographic films

4.8

6.3

4.0%

Cinematographic films

1.3

1.2

-1.3%

Printed books, newspapers, pictures

95.0

68.4

-4.6%

Musics

0.8

0.7

-2.5%

0.2

0.1

-17.3%

Plans and drawings
Records, tapes(recorded)

and

other

media

89.8

Video games for commercial purposes

37.9

147.0

21.4%

Works of arts

38.4

25.8

-5.5%

Total (Core-copyright product)

268.2

249.4

-1.0%

Note: For 2007, the “Record, tapes, and other media” is not included.
(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)(3) Scale of core-copyright trade in commercial products: share of services in overallbalance
Japan’s

copyright

product

foreign

trade

values(realvalues)represent

approximately 0.3 to 0.7% of exports and approximately 0.5 to 0.9% of imports in theoverall balance on trade.
Figure 7-16 Share of services in overall core-copyright foreign trade balance(Billion yen)
1998
Exports

Average annual
growth/total increase

2007
301

214

-4.8%

42,38880,622

9.6%

Trade balance ratio (%)

0.7%

0.3%

-0.4 point

Imports

268

249

-1.0%

30,99953,982

8.2%

0.9%

0.5%

-0.4 point

Trade balance (Total exports)

Trade balance (Total imports)
Trade balance ratio (%)(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

185

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

2) Scale of inter-dependent copyright trade in commercial products(1) Scale of inter-dependent copyright trade in commercial products: an overview
Japan’s inter-dependent copyright foreign trade values (real value) for 2007 are
5,393 billion yen in credits (exports) and 3,817 billion yen in debits (imports), making
the excess of credits over debits 1,576 billion yen.
Figure 7-17 Trade values of inter-dependent copyright products (2007)
Exports(Billion yen)
Balance

Imports

Paper

110

87

23

Printing inks

82

8

74

Computer

464

1,161

-697

Recording media

615

183

431

1,814

445

1,369

1,138

1,333

-195

80

44

36

50

179

-129

124

142

-18

525

49

476

Game apparatus

280

161

119

Pigments and blushes for artistic uses

112

27

85

5,393

3,817

1,576

Transmission & reception apparatus forbroadcasting
Transmission/ reception cables andtelephones
Musical instruments
Sound recording or reproducing
apparatus & equipments andmicrophones
Cinematographic apparatus andequipments
Photographic apparatus & equipments
and films

Total (inter-dependent copyright product)(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)(2) Scale of inter-dependent copyright trade in commercial products: trends
An analysis of Japan’s inter-dependent copyright foreign trade values (real values)
indicates that export volumes have stayed unchanged since 2001. Trade activities inthe “Broadcast Transmitter & Receiver” segment contributed to an increase of tradevolume in 2000.
Imports have also remained unchanged since 2003. Regarding the “Computer”

186Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

segment, after reached a peak in 2003 demonstrating an upward trend, in 2007 thetrade values have declined to the level of 1998.
Figure 7-18 Change of foreign trades in the inter-dependent copyright industries(real values)(Billion yen)
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

-2,000-4,000-6,000
Exports

Imports

Balance*For 2007, the “Record, tapes, and other media” is not included.
Figure 7-19 Change of export values by inter-dependent copyright industry segment(Billion yen)
1998

Averageannual growth

2007

Paper

71

110

5.0%

Printing inks

60

82

3.6%

1,778

464

-13.9%

289

615

8.8%

1,110

1,814

5.6%

732

1,138

5.0%

104

80

-2.8%

194

50

-14.0%

477

124-13.9%

559

525

-0.7%

99

280

12.3%

Computer
Recording media
Transmission & reception apparatus
for broadcasting
Transmission/ reception cables andtelephones
Musical instruments
Sound recording or reproducing
apparatus & equipments andmicrophones
Cinematographic apparatus andequipments
Photographic apparatus & equipments
and films
Game apparatus

187

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

Pigments and blushes for artistic uses
Total
(inter-dependent
product)

copyright

117

112

-0.5%

5,589

5,393

-0.4%

(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)
Figure 7-20 Change of import values by inter-dependent copyright industry segment

1998(Billion yen)
Averageannual growth

2007

Paper

90

87

-0.5%

Printing inks

8

8

0.3%

1,264

1,161

-0.9%

60

183

13.1%

316

445

3.9%

573

1,333

9.8%

42

44

0.4%

104

179

6.3%

89

142

5.3%

145

49

-11.4%

38

161

17.5%

14

27

7.4%

2,743

3,817

3.7%

Computer
Recording media
Transmission & reception apparatus forbroadcasting
Transmission/ reception cables andtelephones
Musical instruments
Sound recording or reproducing
apparatus & equipments andmicrophones
Cinematographic apparatus andequipments
Photographic apparatus & equipments
and films
Game apparatus
Pigments and blushes for artistic uses
Total
(inter-dependent
product)

copyright(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

188

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry(3) Scale of inter-dependent copyright trade in commercial products: share of services
in overall balance
Japan’s inter-dependent copyright foreign trade values (real values) represent
equal level of 6.7% of exports and 7.1% of imports in 2007.
Figure 7-21 Share of services in overall inter-dependent copyright foreign trade balance(Billion yen)
1998

2007

Average annual
growth/total increase

Exports

5,589

5,393

-0.4%

Trade balance (Total exports)

42,38880,622

9.6%

Trade balance ratio (%)

13.2%

6.7%

-6.5 point

Imports

2,743

3,817

3.7%

Trade balance (Total imports)

30,99953,982

8.2%

8.8%

7.1%

-1.8 point

Trade balance ratio (%)(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

189

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry[Reference] Foreign trade definitions
1) Definitions of foreign trade
Foreign trade is defined as follows:- The act of buying/selling goods with a trading partner in a foreign country- Exports refer to the act of selling and sending goods to a foreign country andimports refer to the act of buying and bringing in goods from a foreign country(Source: Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO); documents from its website)
In addition to goods, foreign trade also includes trade in services, which is defined
as follows:

The act of internationally trading financial, transportation, communications,construction and logistical services(Source: The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; documents from its website)
The World Trade Organization (WTO) categorizes trade in services into thefollowing four modes:(1) A service is supplied by a service provider to a customer overseas without leaving
the country (Mode 1: cross-border service supply)(2) A service is supplied by a local service provider to a service consumer from a foreigncountry (Mode 2: consumption abroad)(3) A service is supplied by a service provider through a commercial presence such as
branches or foreign-owned companies in a foreign country (Mode 3: commercial
presence abroad)(4) A service is supplied by a service provider to a customer overseas through thepresence of temporary workers or specialists (Mode 4: movement of natural persons)

190

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

Figure7-22

Four Types of Foreign Trade in Services

Type

Description

Typical Case

1. Cross-border trade

Providing services from theterritory of any of the member
countries to that of othermember countryzA case asking an opinion ofa consultant abroad on thetelephone.

(Mode 1)

2.Consumption
abroad(Mode 2)

Providing services within the
territory of any of the member
countries and such services areused by consumers of othermember country.

zA case using mail-orderwith a catalog issued inabroad.
zA case having a meetingwith using the meeting
facilities abroad.
zA case repairing
ship/aircraft abroad.

Image of Typical Case▲
Consumer●
ProviderConsumer Country

Provider Country●
Provider▲Consumer△
Consumer

Consumer Country

3. Providing services
through business
operation base(Mode 3)

4. Providing services
with moving of
natural person(Mode 4)Services are provided by aservice provider in the any ofthe member countries and thebusiness operation is conducted
through a business base locatedin the territory of other member
country.
Services are provided by aservice provider in any of themember countries and business
operation is conducted throughthe activities of natural personin the territory of other member
country.

zFinancial services throughoverseas branches.

■
Base
zDistribution/▲transportation services
Consumerprovided by a locallyincorporated entity abroad.
Consumer Country
zEntertainment services
provided by an invitedforeign artist.
zRepairing/ maintenanceservices provided by ashort-term stay foreign
engineer.

◆▲
Consumer
Consumer Country

Provider Country●
ProviderProvider Country◇Natural Person●Provider
Provider Country*Marks in the image:● Service provider, ▲ Service consumer,■ Business operation base,◆ Natural person, ○△□◇ Before moving,
Providing servicews,

Moving,Establishing a business base(Source)Material of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (its HP)

2) Economic statistics on trade
Statistics on trade are identified within the concepts of the balance of payments.
The balance of payments, a systematical summary of the economic transactions of acountry with the rest of the world, is defined as follows:
The balance of payments is a statistical statement that systematicallysummarizes, for a specific time period, the economic transactions of an
economy with the rest of the world. Transactions between residents andnonresidents consist of (1) those involving goods, services and income; (2) those
involving financial claims on and liabilities to the rest of the world; and (3)those classified as transfers. A transaction is defined as an economic flow thatreflects the creation, transformation, exchange, transfer or extinction of191

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 7: A Foreign Trade Overview of the Copyright Industry

economic value and involves changes in ownership of goods and/or financial
assets, the provision of services or the provision of labor and capital.
(Source: The Bank of Japan; documents from its website)
Japan’s balance of payments is classified under the following categories. Trade ingoods is included in the balance on trade and trade in services is included in thebalance on services.
Figure 7-23 Component Items of International Balance of Payment
Grand
SectorSubsector
SubtypeCategory
Balance
Current
Goods & Services
Trade balanceofAccount
Services
Payments
IncomeCurrent transfers
Capital& Financial AccountFinancial
Capital Account
Account
Changes in Reserve Assets(Source)Created by NRI based on the BOJ’s material (its HP)

192

Part Ⅲ: Study Results and Estimate Methodologies Based on
WIPO Guidelines

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 8: WIPO Guidelines and Studies Based on WIPO Guidelines

Part Ⅲ : Study Results and Estimate Methodologies Based on WIPO
Guidelines
Chapter 8: WIPO Guidelines and Studies Based on WIPO Guidelines
I. An overview of the WIPO guidelines
1. An overview of the WIPO guidelines
The key points of the WIPO guidelines in research and data collection concerning
the size of the copyright industry are as follows:- To clarify research methods in assessing the economic contribution of copyright-basedindustries- To recommend value added as the calculation indicator of economic value- To categorize copyright-based industries into the following four groups according to
the extent to which their activities are dependent on copyright:
1) Core copyright industries; 2) Inter-dependent copyright industries; 3) partial
copyright industries; and 4) non-dedicated support industries.
- In addition to value added, to also recommend a quantitative assessment on
workforce and foreign tradeThis white paper focuses on the core copyright industry and the inter-dependent
copyright industry, as they are well-defined and are comparable with reports fromother countries.
Figure 8-1 Definition of four groups in WIPO
Name of group
Core copyright industries

Inter-dependent
copyright industries
Partialindustries

copyright

Non-dedicated copyrightindustries

Definition
The core copyright industries are industries that are wholly engaged increation, production and manufacturing, performance, broadcast,communication and exhibition and distribution/ sales of works andother protected subject matter.
The inter-dependent copyright industries are industries that are
engaged in production, manufacturing and sales of equipment whosefunction is wholly or primarily to facilitate the creation, production or
use of works and other protected subject matter.
The partial copyright industries are industries in which a portion of theactivities is related to work and other protected subject matter and may
involve creation, performance, broadcast, communication and exhibition
or distribution and sales.
The non-dedicated copyright industries are industries in which a
portion of activities is related to facilitating broadcast, communication,
distribution or sales of work and other protected subject matter, andwhose activities have not been included in the core copyrightindustries.,

193

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 8: WIPO Guidelines and Studies Based on WIPO Guidelines(Source) “Guide on Surveying the Economic Contribution of Copyright-based
Industries”* The quotation from WIPO’s guideline shall be subject to the description in Japanesetranslation of the “Copyright White Paper (Vol.2)” Separate Volume.
Figure 8-2 Examples of WIPO Copyright-based Industries
Type of CopyrightIndustryCore Copyright

Main Groups of Industries

Subgroups

Press and Literature

Authors, writers, translators;
Newspapers;
News and feature agencies;
Magazines/periodicals;Book publishing;Cards and maps, directories and otherpublished material;
Pre-press, printing, and post-press ofBooks, magazines, newspapers,
Advertising materials;
Wholesale and retail of press and literature(book stores, newsstands, etc.);
Libraries
Composers, lyricists, arrangers,
choreographers, directors, performers andother personnel;
Printing and publishing of music;
Production/manufacturingofrecordedmusic;
Wholesale and retail of recorded music (saleand rental);
Artisticandliterary
creationandinterpretation;
Performances and allied agencies (bookings,
ticket agencies, etc.)
Writers, directors, actors etc.;
Motion picture and video production anddistribution;
Motion picture exhibition;
Video rentals and sales, video on demand;
Allied services
National radio and television broadcasting
companies;
Other radio and television broadcasters;
Independent producers;
Cable television (systems and channels);Satellite television;
Allied services
Studios and commercial photography
Photo agencies and libraries
Programming, development and design,
manufacturing;
Wholesale and retail prepackaged softwareMusic,
Theatrical
Productions, Operas

Motion Picture and Video

Radio and Television

Photography
Software and Databases

194

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 8: WIPO Guidelines and Studies Based on WIPO Guidelines

Visual and Graphic Arts

Advertising services
Copyright Collecting Societies
Interdependent
industries

TV sets, Radios, VCRs, CD
Players,
DVD
Players,
Cassette
Players,
Electronic Game Equipment,
andother similar equipment
Computers and Equipment
Musical Instruments
Photographic
Cinematographic
Instruments
Photocopiers

and(business programs, video games,
educational programs etc.);
Database processing and publishing
Artists;
Art galleries, other wholesale and retail;
Picture framing and other allied services;
Graphic design
Agencies, buying services－
Manufacture
Wholesale and retail

Manufacture
Wholesale and retail (sales and rental)
Manufacture
Wholesale and retail (sales and rental)
Manufacture
Wholesale and retail (sales and rental)
Manufacture
Wholesale and retail (sales and rental)
Manufacture
Wholesale and retail
Manufacture
Wholesale and retail

Blank Recording Material
Paper

Partial CopyrightIndustries

Apparel, textiles and footwear
Jewelry and coins
Other crafts
Furniture
Household goods, china andglass
Wallcoverings and carpets
Toys and games
Architecture,engineering,surveying
Interior design
Museums

Non-dedicatedSupportIndustries

Generalwholesaleretailing
General transportation
Telephony and Internet

and(Source) “Guide on Surveying the Economic Contribution of Copyright-based
Industries”

195

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 8: WIPO Guidelines and Studies Based on WIPO Guidelines

2. WIPO guidelines: working group and completion time
In 2002, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) convened a
Working Group of specialists experienced in studies and research on the copyrightindustry.
The members of the group are noted in the table below.
The Working Group met in session in Helsinki, Finland, in July 2002, to discuss
the substance of the WIPO guidelines. The meeting was chaired by Mr. Jukka Liedes,
Special Adviser to the Government of Finland and Chairman of the WIPO Standing
Committee on Copyright and Related Rights, who has many years been involved withnational studies on the matter and is a leading figure in international copyright.
Their work has continued since then and the WIPO guidelines were published in
2003.
Figure 8-3 Key persons involved in generating WIPO guideline
Name of person
National origin
Chairperson
Mr. Jukka Liedes
FinlandMember of working
Mr.Jeremy Thorpe
Australia
Group
Mr. Antonio Marcio Buainain
BrazilMr. Ahmed Ghoneim
Egypt
Mr. Robert Picard
Finland
Mr. Jules Theeuwes
Netherland
Professor Richard Watt
Spain
Dr. Ruth Towse
Netherland
Mr. Stephen Siwek
USA

196

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 8: WIPO Guidelines and Studies Based on WIPO Guidelines

II. Policies on WIPO-classified core copyright industries
1. Definitions of WIPO-classified core copyright industries

Core copyright industries are industries that are wholly engaged in creation,
production and manufacturing, performance, broadcast, communication and exhibitionand distribution/ sales of works and other protected subject matter.

The WIPO-classified core copyright industries are categorized in the following
nine groups:- Press and literature;- Music, theatrical productions, operas;- Motion picture and video;- Radio and television;- Photography;- Software and databases;- Visual and graphic arts;- Advertising services; and- Copyright collective management societies** Copyright collective management societies
In Japan, copyright collective management societies, which are considered part ofthe core copyright industry in the WIPO guidelines, are defined as enterprises and/ororganizations that are engaged in copyright-related management operations based on
management consignment contracts. Such enterprises and organizations must be
registered with the Commissioner of the Agency for Cultural Affairs in order to operate
copyright-related management businesses. Currently, 35 organizations are registered
as copyright collective management societies.
・Copyright-related management business
Copyright-related management business refers to an act of business to authorize
the use of works, etc. or otherwise manage the copyright, etc., under a management
consignment contract (other than that in which a consignor is a person specified in theordinance of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Ordinance as a person who has close personal or capital relations with a consignee) as
outlined in Article 2.2 of the Law on Management Business of Copyright and197

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 8: WIPO Guidelines and Studies Based on WIPO Guidelines

Neighboring Rights enacted in 2001.
・Management consignment contract
A management consignment contract is any of the following contracts other thanthose in which, when a consignee authorizes the use of copyrighted works, performance,sound recordings, over the air broadcasts and cable broadcasts, a consignor (or aconsignor of the contract if that consignor is a consignee of any of the following
contracts relating to the works) is to decide the royalty rates as outlined in Article 2.1of the Law on Management Business of Copyright and Neighboring Rights enacted in
2001.
(i) A trust contract by which a consignor transfers his or her copyright or neighboringrights to a consignee who is entrusted to authorize the use of his or her works, etc. orotherwise manage the copyright, etc., concerned; and(ii) A mandate contract by which a consignor entrusts a consignee to act as an agent ora proxy to authorize the exploitation of his or her works, etc. and manage the copyright,
etc., correspondingly.

198

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 8: WIPO Guidelines and Studies Based on WIPO Guidelines

2. Policies on WIPO-classified core copyright industries
Industrial sectors for the WIPO-classified core copyright industries are
categorized as per the table below. Visual and graphic arts data was excluded from theestimate process, however, as it was difficult to extract data for this sector as anindividual industry. Furthermore, surveys of copyright collective management societies
were conducted independently, as no official statistics for this category were available.
Figure 8-4 Industrial sectors of core copyright industries under WIPO classification
Industrial sectors of core copyright industries under WIPO classification
Main Groups of Industries Subgroups
newspapers
news and feature agencies
magazines/periodicals
book publishingcards, maps, directories and other published materials
Press and literature
pre-press, printing, and post-press of books, magazines,
newspapers, advertising materials
wholesale and retail of press and literature (book stores,
news stands)
libraries
authors, writers, translators
printing and publishing of music
production/manufacturing of recorded music
wholesale and retail of recorded music (sale and rental)
Music, theatricalartistic and literary creation and interpretation
productions, operas
performances and allied agencies (booking agencies, ticket
agencies)
composers, lyricists, arrangers, choreographers, directors,
performers and other personnel
writers, directors, actors etc.
motion picture and video production and distribution
Motion picture and video
video rentals and sales including video on demandallied services
motion picture exhibition
national radio and television broadcasting companies
other radio and television broadcasters
independent producers
Radio and televisioncable television (systems and channels)
satellite television
allied services
studios and commercial photography
Photography
photo agencies and libraries (photo-finishing labs should
not be included)programming, development and design
manufacturing, wholesale and retail prepackaged software
Software and databases(business programs, video games, educational programs
etc.)
database processing and publishingartists
art galleries and other wholesale and retail
Visual and graphic arts
picture framing and other allied services
graphic design
agencies, buying services (the price of advertising should
Advertising services
not be included)
Copyright Collective
Management Societies

Industrial sectors of core copyright industries under JCI classification
Main Groups of Industries Subgroups

1)Printing and PublishingAll14)Libraries and Museums (1)Libraries
15)Authors and Artists
Part of (1)Authors and Artists, Musician
6)Music

All9)Legitimate Theater(2)Theater and (3)Theatrical company, band andorchestra15)Authors and Artists

Part of (1)Authors and Artists, Musician

7)Motion PictureAll9)Legitimate Theater(1)Movie Theater3)BroadcastingAll8) PhotographyAll2)Computer Software andAll10)Game Software

Visual and graphic arts data was excluded from the estimate process,however, as it was difficult to extract data for this sector as an individual
industry.
5)AdvertisingAll

Surveys of copyright collective management societies were conductedindependently.

Copyright Collective Management Societies4)Transmission
All11)Entertainment Facilities All
12)Design
All13)ArchitectureAll14)Libraries and Museums (2)Museums and Art galleries

199

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 8: WIPO Guidelines and Studies Based on WIPO Guidelines

3. Outline of the survey on copyright collective management societies
With cooperation of concerned groups and companies, we have conducted thefollowing survey on copyright collective management societies for the purpose ofcollecting data required for estimation of industrial scale.
•

Survey period: April 7 to April 15, 2009•

Number of targeted groups: 35 (all business entities and groups which have beenregistered in the Patent Office as copyright collective management societies as ofthe day of April 7, 2009.)•

Number of effective replies: 13 cases•

Matters of survey: (1) Total copyright management & administrative expenses(2) Number of staff

200

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 8: WIPO Guidelines and Studies Based on WIPO Guidelines

III. Policies on WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries
1. Definitions of WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries

The inter-dependent copyright industries are industries that are engaged in the
production, manufacturing and sale of equipment whose function is wholly or primarily
to facilitate the creation, production or use of works and other protected subject matter.

The inter-dependent copyright industries can be further divided into the coreinter-dependent copyright industry and the partial inter-dependent copyright industry.
The first group, the core inter-dependent copyright industry, includes the
manufacture, wholesale and retail (sales and rental) of the following products. The
products of this group of industries are jointly consumed with the contents of the core
copyright industry. For example, there would be no music CDs without CD players.
Therefore, the inter-dependent copyright industry supports the use of copyright content
directly.
- TV sets, radios, VCRs, CD players, DVD players, cassette players, electronic gameequipment and other similar equipment;- Computers and equipment; and- Musical instruments
The second group of inter-dependent copyright industries, partial inter-dependent
copyright industries, covers the manufacture, wholesale and retail (sales and rental) of
the following products. The products of this group of industries facilitate the use of the
copyright content.
- Photographic and cinematographic instruments;- Photocopiers;- Blank recording material; and- Paper201

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 8: WIPO Guidelines and Studies Based on WIPO Guidelines

2. Policies on WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries
The business sectors for the WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries
correspond to the JCI classifications as shown in the table below. It should be notedthat some of the WIPO-classified categories combine multiple JCI-classified categories(e.g., TV sets, radios, VCRs, CD players, DVD players, cassette players, electronic gameequipment and other similar equipment).
Also note that some of the categories in the JCI classifications do not havecorresponding categories in the WIPO classifications (e.g., advertisement-related
equipment in the media manufacturing sector).
Figure 8-5 Business sectors of the inter-dependent copyright industries under WIPO
classification
JCI classification
1.Printing/ Publishing-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries

2.Computer Software-related Equipment &Media Manufacturing Industries

3.Broadcasting-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries

4.Transmission-related Equipment & Media
Manufacturing Industries

Commodity classification name for “Census of Manufacturers
Commodity
Commodity classification namecode152111
Rolls of newsprint
152112
Non-painted printing paper
152113
Painted printing paper
152114
Special printing paper
152115
Information paper
152116
Writing paper and drawing paper
152117
Unbleached wrapping paper
152118Bleached wrapping paper
152191
Paper and machine-made Japanese paper (piecework )175511
Ordinary ink
175512
Newspaper ink
175513
Vanish for printing ink
175591Printing ink ( piecework )279311
Magnetic tapes (raw)279312Magnetic discs (raw)279391
Raw magnetic tapes and discs ( piecework )282111
General computers
282112
Office computers
282113Work stations
282114
Parts, attachments and accessories of dataprocessing machines, digital and analog
computers and auxiliary equipment
282191
Data processing machines, digital and analog
computers, equipment and accessories (piecework )282211
Personal computers282212
Parts, attachments and accessories of
personal computers282291
Personal computers, parts, attachments andaccessories ( piecework )282311
Magnetic disc equipment
282312
Optical disc equipment
282313
Flexible disc equipment
282319Miscellaneous external memories
282321
Parts, attachments and accessories ofexternal memories
282391
External memories parts, attachments andaccessories ( piecework )281211
Radio and TV broadcasting equipment
281291
Radio communication equipment ( piecework
281311
Radio receivers
281312
Television receivers, except liquid crystal
receivers
281313Liquid crystal television receivers
281391
Radio and television receivers ( piecework )244116
Telecommunication cable244191
Electric wire and cable ( piecework )244212
Optical fiber cable, including composite cable244291
Optical fiber cable ( piecework )281131
Digital transmission equipment
281191
Wired communication equipment ( piecework
281213Cellular telephone sets and PHS telephonesets
281291
Radio communication equipment ( piecework

202

WIPO classification
paper

photocopiers

computers and equipment

blank recording material

TV sets, Radios, VCRs, CD Players,
DVD Players, Cassette Players,
Electronic Game equipment, and othersimilar equipment

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 8: WIPO Guidelines and Studies Based on WIPO Guidelines

Commodity classification name for “Census of Manufacturers
Commodity
Commodity classification namecode
5.Music-related Equipment & Media
279311
Magnetic tapes (raw)
Manufacturing Industries
279312Magnetic discs (raw)279391
Raw magnetic tapes and discs ( piecework )281411
Stereo sets
281412Car stereo sets
281413
Tape recorders
281414
Digital audio disc players
281415High fidelity (HI-FI) amplifiers
281416
Speaker systems for HI-FI and cars
281419Miscellaneous electric audio equipment
281422
Parts, attachments and accessories ofelectric audio equipment
281491
Electric audio equipment, and parts,
attachments and accessories ( piecework )291511
Acoustic parts
291512Magnetic heads
291591
Electro acoustic transducers, magnetic heads
and small motors ( piecework )322111
Pianos322211
Guitars, including electric guitars
322911
Electronic musical instruments
322919Miscellaneous Western and Japanese musicalinstruments
322921
Parts, attachments and accessories ofmusical instruments
322991
Musical instruments, parts and materials (piecework )274211
Video tape recording and duplicating
6.Motion Picture-related Equipment& Mediaequipment (VTR, EVR)
Manufacturing Industries
274212
Video cameras, including integrated VTREVR, except broadcast video cameras
274214
Parts, attachments and accessories of video
recording and duplicating equipment279311
Magnetic tapes (raw)279312Magnetic discs (raw)279391
Raw magnetic tapes and discs ( piecework )291512Magnetic heads
291591
Electro acoustic transducers, magnetic heads
and small motors ( piecework )315311
Motion picture equipment
315321
Parts, attachments and accessories of
motion picture equipment315391
Motion picture equipment, and parts,
attachments and accessories ( piecework )179511
Photographic films, including photographic
7.Photography-related Equipment & Mediadry plate
Manufacturing Industries
179512
Photographic films with lens
179513
Photographic paper
179514
Sensitized paper (for blue print and copy)
179515
Sensitive material for photoengraving
179516
Chemicals for photography, prepared andpackaged
179591
Photosensitive materials ( piecework )274213
Digital cameras
31521135-mm cameras
315212
Cameras except 35-mm cameras
315213
Photographic machines and related
315214
Parts, attachments and accessories of315291
Cameras and parts, attachments andaccessories ( piecework )8.Game Software-related Equipment & Media
323112
Household TV games
Manufacturing Industries
323113
Electronic toys, using integrated circuits (IC)323131
Parts and accessories of games and toys
323191
Games and toys ( piecework )329211
Signboards, signs and display equipment, not
9.Advertising-related Equipment & Media
electrical and mechanical
Manufacturing Industries
329212
Signboards, signs and display equipment,
electrical and mechanical329291
Signboards, signs and display equipment (piecework )10.Entertainment Facility-related Equipment &268311
Pinball machines and slot machines
Media Manufacturing Industries
268312
Game machines for amusement centers268313
Recreation machines for amusement parks
268319Miscellaneous recreation machines
268329Parts, attachments and accessories ofrecreation machines
268391
Recreation machines, and parts, attachment
and accessories ( piecework )274211
Video tape recording and duplicating
equipment (VTR, EVR)
281421Finished speaker systems, microphones,
earphones, audio pickups, etc.
281491
Electric audio equipment, and parts,
attachments and accessories ( piecework )11.Author-related Equipment & Media
324411
Water paints
Manufacturing Industries
324419Miscellaneous painting materials
324491
Calligraphy brushes and painting materials (piecework )JCI classification

WIPO classification
TV sets, Radios, VCRs, CD Players,
DVD Players, Cassette Players,
Electronic Game equipment, and othersimilar equipment

musical instruments

photographic and cinematographic
instruments

photographic and cinematographic
instruments

TV sets, Radios, VCRs, CD Players,
DVD Players, Cassette Players,
Electronic Game equipment, and othersimilar equipment
N/A

N/A

N/A

(Note) Gray-shaded item sectors are those, which are classified under two or more
JCI-classified sectors.

203

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 9: Outline of WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

Chapter 9: Outline of WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries
I. Outline of WIPO-classified Core Copyright Industries
1. Scale of WIPO-classified copyright industry
In fiscal 2007, WIPO-classified core copyright industry reached an estimated scaleof 44,593 billion yen in terms of the value of products and 17,123 billion yen in terms ofthe value added (based on market prices in calendar year 2000). By industry sector, the“Software Database” industry ranked first in terms of value added, followed in order by
the “Press and Literature” and “Radio and Television.”
Figure 9-1 Scale of WIPO-classified core copyright industry (Fiscal 2007)(Billion yen)
Value ofproducts

Industry Sector
１

Press and Literature

２

Music, Theatrical Productions andOperasValue-added
Value

Proportion

6,116

1,721

10.1%

1,057

231

1.4%

３

Motion Picture & Video

1,257

424

2.5%

４

Radio & Television

4,104

1,418

8.3%

５

Photography

439

268

1.6%

６

Software & Database

27,966

12,29071.8%

７Advertising Services

3,628

759

4.4%

８

Copyright Collective Management

26

12

0.1%

44,593

17,123100.0%

Societies
Total of WIPO-classified core copyrightindustries(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

The above eight industry segments do not include the following JCI-classified
sectors, “Transmission”, “Entertainment Facilities”, “Design”, “Architecture” and “(2)Art Museums in Libraries and Museums”.
The total value-added generated by these industries amounts to 2,215 billion yen.
After added such amount to, and deducted 12 billion yen in the value-added generated
by “Copyright Collective Management Societies” from the total Value-added of 17,126

204

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 9: Outline of WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

billion yen in WIPO-classified industries. The total Value-added in WIPO-classified
core copyright industries is equal to that in overall JCI-classified core copyrightindustries, 19 trillion 3,260 billion yen.
Figure 9-2 Scale of JCI-classified industries that are not included in WIPO-classified
core copyright industries (fiscal 2007)(in billion yen)
Industry Sector

Value of products

Value-added

4

Transmission

2,390

769

10

Entertainment Facilities

1,583

557

11

Design

677

413

12

Architecture(2)Art Museums in
Libraries and Museums

848

461

46

16

5,544

2,215

13

Total of above sectors(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

205

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 9: Outline of WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

2. Positioning of WIPO-classified copyright industry in the national economy
The total of 17,123 billion yen in value-added generated by the WIPO-classified
core copyright industries in fiscal 2007 represents 3.0% of the gross domestic product(GDP). That is, it has increased at a higher rate than that of GDP as it is so to
JCI-classified industries. The proportion to GDP substantially rose from the level of theprevious study.
Figure 9-3 Positioning of the WIPO-classified core copyright industry in the national
economy

1998

2002

(in billion yen))
AverageAnnualGrowth2007
Ratea) WIPO-classified core
copyright industry

10,60913,677

17,1235.5%b) GDP

490,499507,265

575,343

1.8%

2.2%

2.7%

3.0%

Proportion to GDP(a/b)(At market prices of calendar year of 2000)
Source: GDP, “Annual Report on National Income” (Economic and Social ResearchInstitute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan) (fixed for fiscal 2007)
A look at the growth in the core copyright industries by industrial sector reveals
that nearly entire growth (i.e., 99.9%) derives from “Software and Database”. In
addition, “Radio & Television” accounts for 3.9%, followed by “Advertising Services” at
3.3% as other sectors contributed to overall growth.
Figure 9-4 Trend of Value-added by WIPO-classified core copyright industry sector(fiscal 1998-2007)(in billion yen)

1998

2007

Industrial sector
１

Press and Literature
and Operas

３

Motion Picture & Video

Rate ofContribution

1,949

1,721

-228

-3.5%

283

231

-51

-0.8%

476

424

-52

-0.8%

Music, Theatrical Productions
２

Increasein the
value
added

206

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 9: Outline of WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

1,160

1,418

257

3.9%

347

268

-80

-1.2%

Software & Database

5,839

12,290

6,450

99.0%

Advertising Services

545

759

215

3.3%

10

12

3

0.0%

10,611

17,126

6,514

100.0%

４

Radio & Television

５

Photography

６
７

Copyright

Collective

８ Management Societies
Total of WIPO-classified core
copyright industries(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

Note: Rate of contribution = increase in the value-added in one segment/ increase in
the value-added in the overall industry
Source: GDP, “Annual Report on National Income” (Economic and Social ResearchInstitute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan) (fixed for fiscal 2007)

207

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 9: Outline of WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

3. Methodologies to estimate the industrial scale of copyright collective management
societies
For estimating the scale of WIPO-classified core copyright industries, the data arecollected following the classification noted in Figure 8-4. Regarding copyright collective
management societies, however, its industrial scale is calculated by means of theestimation methodologies noted below based on the results of the independent survey(refer to the above section on the “outline on the survey on copyright collective
management societies”)○ Estimation of Value of products［Formula］Value of products ＝ Sum of copyright management & administrative
expenses A÷ Rate of SG&A to sales B
A Sum of copyright management & administrative expenses：［Formula］Sum of copyright management & administrative expenses ＝Σ｛Sum of copyright management & administrative expenses ofeach entity a｝
a Sum of copyright management & administrative expenses of each
entity：［Sum of copyright management & administrative expenses］in the“Survey on Copyright Collective Management Societies”＊ Of 35 entities, 13 entities replied the questionnaires. As business size of each
replied entity is different, however, we have employed an extended
measurement by setting a standard value in accordance with the businesssize of entity.
B Rate of SG&A to sales：［Formula］Rate of SG&A to sales ＝Σ｛SG&A of each entity a｝
÷Σ｛Sales of each entity b｝
a SG&A of each entity：「SG&A］in the “Business Report”
b Sales of each entity：［Sales］ in the “Business Report”＊ The above “rate of SG&A to sales” was calculated with the business reports
released by entities making continuous disclosure of income statements.
○ Estimation of Value-added

208

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 9: Outline of WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries［Formula］Value-added ＝ Value of products estimated in the “Estimation of Value of
products” noted above × Value-added rate
・Value-added rate：［Formula］Value-added rate ＝Σ｛Value-added of each entity A｝
÷Σ｛Sales of each entity B｝
A Value-added of each entity：［Formula］Value-added ＝ Compensation of employees a＋ Operational surplusb＋ Depreciation expenses c＋ Indirect tax da Compensation of employees：［Employment costs］＋［Labor costs］in the Business Reportb Operational surplus：［Operational profit］in the Business Reportc Depreciation expenses：［Depreciation expenses］ in the Business Reportd Indirect tax：
［Sales］in the Business Report ×５%
B Value of products of each entity：［Sales］ in the Business Report209

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 9: Outline of WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

II. Outline on WIPO-Classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries
1. Outline on WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries
In fiscal 2007, WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries accounted to
30,484 billion yen in terms of the Value of products, and 6,674 billion yen in terms of
the Value-added (at market prices in calendar year of 2000.) For the value-added byindustrial sector, the “TV sets, Radios, VCRs, CD Players, DVD Players, Cassette
Players, Electronic Game Equipments and other similar equipments” ranked first,
followed in order by the “Photographic and Cinematographic Instruments” sector andthe “Computer & Equipment” sector.
In terms of the Value-added by industrial sector, the largest
Figure 9-5 Scale of WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries(fiscal 2007)(in billion yen)
Value ofproducts

Industrial sector

Value-added
Value

Proportion

TV sets, Radios, VCRs, CD Players, DVD
1

Players,

Cassette

Players,

Electronic

Game Equipments and other similar

13,065

2,793

41.8%

equipments
2

Computer Equipment

6,344

1,147

17.2%

3

Musical Instruments

360

155

2.3%

6,966

1,623

24.3%

329

92

1.4%

６ Blank Recording Materials

1,649

399

6.0%

７ Paper
Total of WIPO-classified
copyright industries

1,771

465

7.0%

30,484

6,674

100.0%

4

Photographic

andCinematographic

Instruments

５ Photocopiersinter-dependent(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

210

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 9: Outline of WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

2. Positioning of WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries in the national
economyThe total of 6,674 billion yen in the value-added generated by WIPO-classified
inter-dependent industries in fiscal 2007 represents 1.2% of the gross domestic product(GDP). This value indicates an increase at a higher growth rate than that of GDP as it
is so to the value-added generated by15 sectors of copyright industries. The proportion
to GDP also rose from the level of the previous study.
Figure 9-6 Positioning of the WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industry in thenational economy

1998a) WIPO-classified
inter-dependent
copyright industryb) GDP
Proportion to GDP(a/b)

2002(in billion yen)
AverageAnnualGrowth
2007
Rate

3,417

4,064

6,674

7.7%

490,499507,265

575,343

1.8%

0.7%

0.8%

1.2%

(At market prices of calendar year of 2000)
Source: GDP, “Annual Report on National Income” (Economic and Social ResearchInstitute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan) (fixed for fiscal 2007)
A look at the growth in the core copyright industries by industrial sector reveals
that major proportion of the growth (i.e., 53.7%) derives from “TV sets, Radios, VCRs,
CD Players, DVD Players, Cassette Players, Electronic Game Equipments, and othersimilar equipments” sector. In addition, the “Photographic and Cinematographic
Instruments” sector contributed at 29.2%, and the “Computer and Equipment” did at
12.6%.

211

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 9: Outline of WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

Figure 9-7 Trend of the value-added by WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyrightindustry sector (fiscal 1998-2007)(in billion yen)

1998

2007

Industrial sector

Increase in thevalue

Rate ofcontribut
ion(*)TV sets, Radios, VCRs, CD Players,
1DVD

Players,

Electronic

Cassette

Players,

Game Equipments and

1,045

2,793

1,747

53.7%

other similar equipments
2

Computer & Equipment

737

1,147

410

12.6%

3

Musical Instruments

118

155

36

1.1%

671

1,623

952

29.2%

4

Photographic and Cinematographic
Instruments

５

Photocopiers

77

92

15

0.5%

６

Blank Recording Materials

228

399

172

5.3%

540

465

-75

-2.3%

3,417

6,674

3,257

100.0%

７

Paper
Total of WIPO-classified inter-dependent
copyright industries(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)

Note: Rate of contribution = increase in the value-added in one segment/ increase in
the value-added in the overall industry
Source: GDP, “Annual Report on National Income” (Economic and Social ResearchInstitute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan) (fixed for fiscal 2007)212

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 10: Overview on Workforce in WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

Chapter 10: Overview on Workforce in WIPO-Classified CopyrightIndustries
I. Overview on Workforce in WIPO-Classified Core Copyright Industries
1. Workforce scale of WIPO-classified core copyright industries
The workforce* in WIPO-classified core copyright industries reached 1,435,000
workers in 2007. Thee “Software & Database” sector ranked first, followed in order by“Press and Literature” and “Motion Picture and Video.”
Figure 10-1 Workforce by WIPO-classified core copyright industry (fiscal 2007)(in thousand persons)Workforce
No. ofworkforce
Proportion

Industrial sector
１

Press and Literature

172

12.0%

２

Music, Theatrical Productions and

40

2.8%

Operas３

Motion Picture & Video

61

4.2%

４

Radio & Television

45

3.2%

５

Photography

47

3.2%

６

Software & Database

1,015

70.7%

７

Advertising Services

54

3.8%

８

Copyright Collective Management

1

0.1%

Societies
Total of WIPO-classified core copyrightindustries

1,435

100.0%

The above eight industrial sectors do not include the following JCI-classified
sectors, “Transmission”, “Entertainment Facilities”, “Design”, “Architecture” and “(2)Art Museum of Libraries & Museums”.
Number of workforce in these industries accounts to 474,000 workers. After added
these workers to 1,435,000, and deducted the workforce of 1,000 working in copyrightcollective management societies from the total workforce in WIPO-classified core
copyright industries, the total workforce is 1,909,000 equal to that of JCI-classified
industries.

213

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 10: Overview on Workforce in WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

Figure 10-2 Workforce in JCI-classified sectors that are not included in
WIPO-classified core copyright industries (fiscal 2007)(in thousand persons)Industrial sector

No. of workforce

４

Transmission

47

10Entertainment Facilities

134

11

Design46

12Architecture(2)Art Museums of
Libraries and Museums

245

13

Total of above sectors

3
474

214

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 10: Overview on Workforce in WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

2. Positioning of Fiscal 2007 Workforce in WIPO-classified Core Copyright Industries
in the National Workforce
In fiscal 2007, the workforce in WIPO-classified core copyright industries accounts
to 1,388,000 workers, representing 2.2% of the national workforce. This number ofworkforce indicates an increase at a higher growth rate than that of the national
workforce as it is so to the growth in JCI-classified copyright industries. The proportion
to the national workforce also rose from the level of the previous study.
Figure 10-3 Positioning of WIPO-classified core copyright industries (workforce) in thenational workforce

1998a)WIPO-classified core
copyright industriesb)National workforce
Proportion to national
workforce(a/b)(in thousand persons)AverageAnnualGrowth
2007
Rate

2002

1,168

1,154

1,435

2.3%

66,276,

63,592,64,451,

-0.3%

1.8%

1.8%

2.2%

(Source)National workforce: number of employees in the “Annual Report on
National Income Statistics” (fixed for fiscal 2007)
A look at the growth in the copyright industries by industrial sector reveals thatnearly entire growth (124.3%) derives from “Software & Database” sector.

Figure 10-4 Trend of workforce by WIPO-classified core copyright industry sector(fiscal 1998-2007)

1998
Industrial sector
１

Press and Literature

２

Music, Theatrical Productions
and Operas(in thousand persons)
Increase
Rate of2007
incontributi
number
on(*)

205

172

-33

-12.5%

38

40

2

0.8%

３

Motion Picture & Video

71

61

-11

-3.9%

４

Radio & Television

51

45

-5

-2.0%

215

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 10: Overview on Workforce in WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

５

Photography

71

47

-24

-8.9%

６

Software & Database

683

1,015

332

124.3%

７

Advertising Services

48

54

6

2.3%

８

Copyright

1

1

0

0.0%

1,168

1,435

267

100.0%

Collective

Management Societies
Total of WIPO-classified core
copyright industries

Note: Rate of contribution = increase in the value-added in one segment/ increase in
the value-added in the overall industry

216

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 10: Overview on Workforce in WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

3. Methodology to estimate workforce scale of copyright collective management
societies
For estimating the workforce scale of WIPO-classified core copyright industries,
the data are collected following the classification noted in Figure 8-4. Regarding
copyright collective management societies, however, its industrial scale is calculated bymeans of the estimation methodologies noted below based on the results of the
independent survey (refer to the above section on the “outline on the survey on
copyright collective management societies”)○ Estimation of number of workforce［Formula］Number of workforce ＝ Number of employees A
A Number of employees：［Formula］Number of employees ＝
Σ｛Number of employees in each entity a｝
a Number of employees of each entity：［Number of staff］in the “Survey on Copyright Collective Management
Societies”＊Of 35 entities, 13 entities replied the questionnaires. As business size of each
replied entity is different, however, we have employed an extended
measurement by setting a standard value in accordance with the businesssize of entity.

217

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 10: Overview on Workforce in WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

II. Overview on Workforce Scale of WIPO-classified Inter-dependent CopyrightIndustries
1. Workforce Scale of WIPO-classified Inter-dependent Copyright Industries
The workforce in WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries reached
228,000 workers in fiscal 2007. The “TV sets, Radios, VCRs, CD Players, DVD Players,
Cassette Players, Electronic Game Equipments, and other similar equipments” sector
ranked first in terms of the workforce. The second largest sector was “Photographic andCinematographic Instruments”, followed by “Computer and Equipment.”
Figure 10-5 Workforce by WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industrial sector(fiscal 2007)(in thousand persons)Workforce
No. ofworkforce
Proportion

Industrial sector
TV sets, Radios, VCRs, CD Players,
1DVD

Players,

Electronic

Cassette

Players,

Game Equipments and

94

41.4%

other similar equipments
2

Computer & Equipment

32

13.8%

3

Musical Instruments

10

4.2%

53

23.4%

4

Photographic

andCinematographic

Instruments

５

Photocopiers

6

2.7%

６

Blank Recording Materials

13

5.7%

20

8.8%

228

100.0%

７

Paper
Total of WIPO-classified inter- copyrightdependent industries

218

Copyright White Paper

Chapter 10: Overview on Workforce in WIPO-Classified Copyright Industries

2. Positioning of workforce in WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries in
the national workforce
In fiscal 2007, the workforce in WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyrightindustries accounted to 228,000, representing 0.4% of the national workforce. The
trend of this workforce is different from that in JCI-classified classification. That is, it
has significantly declined from the trend of the national workforce, and it also
decreased from the level of the previous study.
Figure 10-6 Positioning of WIPO-classified inter-dependent copyright industries(workforce) in the national workforce

1998a)WIPO-classified
inter-dependent copyrightindustriesb) National workforce
Proportion to national
workforce(a/b)(in thousand persons)AverageAnnualGrowth
2002
2007
Rate

358

282

228

-4.9%

66,276

63,59264,451

-0.3%

0.5%

0.4%

0.4%

(At market prices in calendar year of 2000)(Source)National workforce: Number of workers in the “Annual Report on
National Income Statistics” (fixed for fiscal 2007)

219

Part Ⅳ: Data

Copyright white paper

Chapter 11: Data

Part Ⅳ Data
Chapter 11: Data
1. Statistics and data used in the estimation
No.

Statistical survey

Releasing/publishing institutions

Frequencyof

Implementation(1)

Census of Manufactures

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Yearly(2)

Survey on Service industries

MinistryofInternal

Affairsand Every 3 years

Communications(3)

Annual Report on National Income Statistics

Economic and Social Research Institute, Yearly
Cabinet Office, Government of Japan(4)

SurveyofSelectedServiceIndustries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry－[Newspaper & Publishing industries](5)

SurveyofSelectedServiceIndustries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Yearly

ServiceIndustries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Yearly[Information Services](6)

SurveyofSelected[Software Services](7)

Survey of Selected Service Industries [Data Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Yearly
Processing & Providing Service Industry](8)

Survey of Selected Service Industries [Display] Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Every 3 years(9)

Survey of Selected Service Industries [Movie, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Every 3 years
Home video, TV program production industry](10)

Survey of Selected Service Industries [Movie Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Every 3 years
theater](11)

SurveyofSelectedServiceIndustries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Every 3 years

ServiceIndustries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Every 3 years[Legitimate theater](12)

SurveyofSelected[Amusement / Theme park](13)

Survey of Vital Statistics of Selected Service Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry YearlyIndustries [Movie Theater](14)

Survey of Vital Statistics of Selected Service Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry YearlyIndustries [Amusement / Theme park]220

Copyright white paper(15)

Chapter 11: Data

Statistics from Analysis of Corporate Financial Teikoku Databank, Ltd.

YearlyStatements(16)White Paper on the Printing Industry

Japan

AssociationofGraphic

Arts YearlyTechnology(17)

Total Sales of Newspaper companies

Nihon Shinbun Kyokai(18)

Annual Report of Publication

The All Japan Magazine and Book YearlyYearlyPublisher's and Editor's Association(19)

Survey on the Telecommunications Industry

MinistryofInternal

Affairs

and YearlyCommunications(20)

Radio & Television Yearbook

Japan Broadcasting Corporation: NHK

Yearly(21)

Japan Commercial Broadcasting Yearbook

The National Association of Commercial Yearly
Broadcasters in Japan(22)

Advertising Expenditures in Japan Total

Dentsu Inc.

Yearly(23)

RIAJ Year Book

Recording Industry Association of Japan

Yearly-a brief description of the Japanese Recording
Industries(24)Survey on CD rental stores

Recording Industry Association of Japan

Yearly(25)

Production Data of the past 10 years

Recording Industry Association of Japan

Yearly(26)

Data provided by JASRACJASRAC

Yearly(27)

CESA Game White Paper

ComputerEntertainment

Software Yearly

Association(28)

Survey on Amusement Industries

JAMMA、AOU、NSA*(29)

Karaoke White Paper

All-Japan

KaraokeYearlyIndustrialist Yearly

Association(30)

Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Yearly

Statistics on Construction undertaken

Transport(31)

Cost Analysis Information for Building WorksManagement

Research

Societyfor Yearly

Construction Industry(32)

Statistics on Libraries in Japan

Japan Library Association

221

YearlyCopyright white paper

Chapter 11: Data

(33)

Museum White Paper (fiscal 2004)

Japan Association of Museums(34)

Public Welfare and Health Cost Survey

Japan Business Federation(a)Financial－

YearlyStatement

Report[Advertising Ministry of FinanceYearlyStatement

Report[Advertising Ministry of FinanceYearlyAgency](b)

Financial
Production](c)Financial Statement Report [Record company]

Ministry of FinanceYearly(d)Financial Statement Report [Music Publishing Ministry of FinanceYearlyCompany](e)Financial

Statement

Report[Karaoke Ministry of FinanceYearlyFinancial Statement Report [Mobile phone Ministry of FinanceYearlyCompany](f)Company](g)Statement of net assets

Representative company

Yearly(h)Results of the original survey

Management Business Organization of Yearly
Copyright and Neighboring Rights＊：JAMMA（Japan Amusement Machinery Manufacturers Association）、AOU（All Nippon Amusement Machine
Operator’s Union）、NSA（Nihon Shopping Center Amusement Park Operators Association）

222

(1)Census of Manufactures (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)○ 1.Statistical Tables by Respective Industry (4-digit industrial subclassification) (1) Establishment with 4 or more employees○ 1.Statistical Tables by Respective Industry (4-digit industrial subclassification) (1) Establishment with 30 or more employees(Million yen)
Fiscal
Year
1998
1999
2000

223

2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006

JSIC[Groups]
No.

Classification

1610

Printing

3296

Information recording materials, except newspapers,
books, other printed products, etc.

1610

Printing

3296

Information recording materials, except newspapers,
books, other printed products, etc.

1610

Printing

3296

Information recording materials, except newspapers,
books, other printed products, etc.

1610

Printing

3296

Information recording materials, except newspapers,
books, other printed products, etc.

1610

Printing

3296

Information recording materials, except newspapers,
books, other printed products, etc.

1610

Printing

3296

Information recording materials, except newspapers,
books, other printed products, etc.

1610

Printing

3296

Information recording materials, except newspapers,
books, other printed products, etc.

1610

Printing

3296

Information recording materials, except newspapers,
books, other printed products, etc.

1610

Printing

3296

Information recording materials, except newspapers,
books, other printed products, etc.

Total cash wages
and Salaries Paid

Value of
Shipment

1,503,103

7,587,539

38,880241,575

1,423,251

6,852,605

33,885

255,541

1,386,430

6,878,514

36,370603,008

1,317,597

6,774,396

32,462

198,521

1,267,264

Tangible fixed asset
Write- offs Depreciation
Subtotal
41,011

265,988--

40,944

251,615--

37,690248,382--

30,033

204,665--

6,492,009

29,72530,037

176,972

1,208,877

Number of
employees

306,999

331,454-7,765

292,559

314,337-

7,009

286,072309,585-

7,351

234,698

302,809-

7,304

174,351

204,076

293,701

2,562

9,725

12,2876,512

6,347,589

30,718

162,694

193,412289,208

31,106358,203

1,491

8,360

9,851

6,124

1,158,190

6,171,149

30,961

161,071

192,032

278,21229,891

378,826

3,429

7,178

10,607

6,162

1,159,808

6,104,794

42,565

147,586

190,151

275,835

29,370398,970

2,356

7,289

9,645

6,113

1,105,570

6,000,175

24,861

149,206

174,067

268,151

25,785554,771

1,044

8,142

9,186

5,741

(2)Survey on Service industries (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)○ 1.Number of Establishments, Persons Engaged and Regular Employees, Income, Expenses, Wages and Salaries and Equipment
Investment (Total and per Establishment) by Industry (Minor Groups)
Fiscal 1999
(Million yen)
No.
762
763
77C
79A
224

80H
805
807
82A
82B
821
831
841
845
－

Industries Classification [Groups]
Class
Legitimate theatres and Performances
Theatrical companies
Museums and art museums
Audio and visual recordings rental,
except otherwise classified
Design services
Engineering and Architectural Services
Authors and Artists
Data processing services
Information Provision
Computer programming and software
services
Advertising Agencies
Movie theater
Public gardens and Amusement parksService Industry

Number of
Establishment
390
1,761
757

(persons)

183,683
732,799
56,409Total
expenses
167,378
677,091
104,679

Total Wages
and Salaries
34,192100,288
24,492

Number of
employees
9,249
20,135
6,351

7,312

445,131344,343

99,31260,468

10,111
54,483
1,250
4,449
1,264

665,150
6,691,461
10,7883,122,636
556,195

579,027
5,685,942
7,227
2,840,562
482,530

201,637
2,405,266
2,116
857,201
113,60747,164445,202
2,048
156,321
20,50814,136

10,334,381

9,092,099

3,006,576

480,310

8,109
955
429
1,217,232

8,803,623
264,645
608,036
154,747,987

6,629,027
228,936545,525
131,941,319

821,608
41,169136,448
33,860,392

118,386
13,50550,356
9,425,208

IncomesFiscal 2004
(Million yen)

225

Industries Classification [Groups]
No.
Class
77C
Museums and art museums
Audio and visual recordings
79A
rental, except otherwise classified
80H
Design services
Engineering and Architectural
805
Services
807
Authors and Artists
831
Advertising Agencies
84K
Game centers
841
Movie theater
Legitimate theatres and842
Performances
Public gardens and Amusement
845
parks
－
Service Industry

Number of
Establishment
696(persons)

32,511

Total
expenses
32,128

Total Wages
and Salaries
9,310

Number of
employees
4,622

5,202

406,381298,268

84,136

51,1799,400

620,813483,371

190,461

46,261

53,1224,599,814

3,859,184

1,657,068

346,900

1,058
8,575
4,784
744

6,550
8,300,644
719,284
275,533

3,925
7,171,288
555,248
220,275

819
736,937
107,366
34,234

1,766
116,646
50,987
15,184

2,260

763,670

742,783

126,679

30,976468

614,420

588,086

112,104

49,792

1,892,710

151,815,917

127,096,595

32,745,501

12,345,424

Incomes(3)Annual Report on National Income Statistics (Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan)○ Deflators on outputs (fixed-based method) (1998～2007)
Fiscal Year
1.Industry(3) Manufacturing(9) Transport andcommunications(Base year = Calendar year of 2000)

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

d. Chemicals

105.5

101.8

100.0

97.6

95.6

93.7

92.0

89.9

82.7

82.2

k. Electricalmachinery ,equipment
and supplies

120.7

110.5

100.0

90.0

79.3

66.3

57.9

50.7

48.2

42.0

m. Precision instruments

104.8

102.0

100.0

103.9

103.5

99.6

96.7

95.0

89.7

86.3

q. Publishing and printing

96.8

99.8

100.0

100.5

101.1

100.3

99.3

98.4

96.9

94.0

t. Others

108.4

105.9

100.0

99.5

97.7

93.8

91.4

88.5

84.7

79.8

b. Communications

110.3

105.7

100.0

91.4

86.5

84.6

83.1

82.0

81.2

78.8

101.1

100.5

100.0

98.2

96.2

94.0

92.4

90.1

88.4

88.0

102.8

101.6

100.0

98.7

97.2

95.4

94.1

92.5

91.9

90.2

(10) Service activities
Gross domestic product226○ Gross domestic product (At constant prices) (1998～2007)(Billion yen)
Fiscal Year
Gross domestic product1998
490,4991999
493,4812000
505,5722001
501,6732002
507,2652003
519,630

2004
531,926

2005
545,3632006
558,1512007
575,343

(4) Survey of Selected Service Industries [Newspaper & Publishing industries] (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)○ Ⅰ Annual sales(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Newspaper
Publishing2005
2,385,961
2,604,050○ Ⅱ Annual operating costs(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Newspaper
Publishing2005
2,415,299
2,585,734

227○ Ⅱ Total wages and salaries(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Newspaper
Publishing2005
562,485444,003○ Ⅱ Number of employees(persons)
Fiscal Year
Newspaper
Publishing2005
60,83162,608

(5)Survey of Selected Service Industries [Information Services] (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)○ Ⅰ Annual sales(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Computer programmingand software services
Data processing
services
Information Provision

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

6,318,916

6,692,482

7,421,121

9,471,820

9,685,925

8,805,141

9,243,642

9,273,371

2,049,412

1,882,524

2,121,428

3,079,979

3,189,288

3,899,210

3,713,479

3,981,741

260,112230,229

211,102

208,966

210,538

209,526

227,232

243,800○ Ⅰ Annual operating costs(Million yen)
228

Fiscal Year
Computer programmingand software services
Data processing
services
Information Provision

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

N/A

N/A

6,691,052

8,335,294

8,632,133

7,819,425

8,279,107

8,308,373

N/A

N/A

1,991,213

2,803,345

2,819,345

3,521,970

3,361,806

3,207,229

N/A

N/A

196,354

188,205

187,029

184,627

204,974

160,888○ Ⅰ Total wages and salaries(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Computer programmingand software services
Data processing
services
Information Provision

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

N/A

N/A

2,023,243

2,034,842

2,198,939

2,179,836

2,262,409

2,225,667

N/A

N/A

620,822853,828

808,298

891,420852,751874,696

N/A

N/A

33,65036,102

33,61032,92437,89536,330○ Ⅰ Number of employees(persons)
Fiscal Year
Computer programmingand software services
Data processing
services
Information Provision

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

342,410

340,642

339,810

329,504

348,248

342,918

339,776

343,103

119,591

109,714

117,603

144,371

138,808

143,822

139,891

146,359

10,045

10,822

5,952

6,228

5,326

4,999

6,159

6,096

(6) Survey of Selected Service Industries [Software Services] (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)○ Ⅰ Annual sales(Million yen)
229

Fiscal Year
Software

2006
2007
10,476,004 10,297,504○ Ⅰ Annual operating costs(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Software2006
8,974,824

2007
8,703,113○ Ⅰ Total wages and salaries(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Software2006
2,749,747

2007
2,715,222

○ Ⅰ Depreciation costs(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Software2006
235,3722007
239,378○ Ⅰ Number of employees(persons)
Fiscal Year
経営組織別計

2006
521,0632007
501,807(7)Survey of Selected Service Industries [Data Processing & Providing Service Industry] (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)230○ Ⅰ Annual sales(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Data Processing & Providing
Service

2006

2007

4,058,359

4,199,998○ Ⅰ Annual operating costs(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Data Processing & Providing
Service

2006

2007

3,401,905

3,514,924

○ Ⅰ Total wages and salaries(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Data Processing & Providing
Service

2006

2007

983,253

1,008,074○ Ⅰ Depreciation costs(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Data Processing & Providing
Service

2006

2007

129,150

129,742○ Ⅰ Number of employees
231(persons)
Fiscal Year
Data Processing & Providing
Service

2006

2007

217,490

201,407(8) Survey of Selected Service Industries [Display] (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)○ Ⅰ Annual sales(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Display

1997
432,000

1998
N/A

1999
N/A

2000
363,700

2001
N/A

2002
N/A

2003
416,928○ Ⅰ Number of employees(persons)
Fiscal Year
Display

1997
14,155

1998
N/A

1999
N/A

2000
10,149

2001
N/A

2002
N/A

2003
10,849232(9) Survey of Selected Service Industries [Movie, Home video, TV program production industry] (Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry)○ Ⅰ Annual sales(Million yen)
Fiscal Year

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

By business

504,657

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

563,011

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

413,126

N/A

N/A
N/A

533,221

Total

N/A
N/A

1,770,775

1,677,776

N/A○ Ⅰ Annual operating costs(Million yen)
Fiscal Year

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

By business

386,989

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

403,907

N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A

Total

N/A
N/A

1,580,546

1,524,836

N/A

○ Ⅰ Total wages and salaries(Million yen)
Fiscal Year

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

By business

30,011

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

40,052

N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A

Total

143,103

127,456

N/A○ Ⅰ Number of employees(persons)
Fiscal Year
Movie, Home video, TV
program production industry

1998
6,552

1999

2000

N/A

N/A

2001
7,003

2002

2003

N/A

N/A

2004
5,908

2005

2006

N/A

N/A

2007
8,498

233

(10) Survey of Selected Service Industries [Movie theater] (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)○ Ⅰ Annual sales(Million yen)
Fiscal Year

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Admission Income

131,474

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

183,860

151,069

N/A
N/A

169,889

Total Income

N/A
N/A

204,264(11) Survey of Selected Service Industries [Legitimate theater] (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)○ Ⅰ Annual sales(Million yen)
234

Fiscal Year
Admission Income
Renting Income
Total Income

2001
84,876
8,763
267,200

2002
N/A
N/A
N/A

2003
N/A
N/A
N/A

2004
99,169
10,116289,362○ Ⅰ Annual operating costs(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Legitimate theater

2001
256,743

2002
N/A

2003
N/A

2004
272,668○ Ⅰ Total wages and salaries(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Legitimate theater

2001
53,850

2002
N/A

2003
N/A

2004
53,657

228,643

○ Ⅰ Number of employees(persons)
Fiscal Year
Legitimate theater

2001
9,312

2002
N/A

2003
N/A

2004
10,524(12) Survey of Selected Service Industries [Amusement / Theme park] (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)○ Ⅰ Annual sales(Million yen)
Fiscal Year
Income from Admission/renting

2001
160,552

2002
N/A

2003
N/A

2004
190,970

235○ Ⅰ Number of employees(persons)
Fiscal Year
Amusement / Theme park

2001
36,370

2002
N/A

2003
N/A

2004
32,957(13) Survey of Vital Statistics of Selected Service Industries [Movie Theater] (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)○ Table 6 Annual percent change in Income(%)
Fiscal Year
Annual percent change in
Admission Income (%)
Annual percent change in
Annual Income (%)

2005

2006

2007

-7.2

-5.1

-11.8

-6.5

-6.0

-10.5

(14) Survey of Vital Statistics of Selected Service Industries [Amusement / Theme park] (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)○ Table 11 Annual percent change in Income(%)
Fiscal Year
Annual percent change in
Admission/renting Income(%)
Annual percent change in Annual
Income (%)

2005

2006

-2.2

8.0

6.2

-1.7

6.5

2.2

○ Table 11 Annual percent change in Number of employees

236

Fiscal Year
Annual percent change in
Number of employees (%)

2005
-7.3

2007

2006
-2.6

(%)
2007
-1.7

(15) Statistics from Analysis of Corporate Financial Statement (Teikoku Databank, Ltd.)○ Ratio of depreciation expense to sales (%)
(%)

237

Teikoku Industrial Classification
No.
Classification nameService industry
Newspaper publishing271
Publishing
Printing
Miscellaneous Goods rental and749
Leasing
Motionpicture production
791-1
791-2 Motion picture distribution
Motion picture theater
792
Legitimate theatres and801
Performances
Theatrical companies
802
Parks, Amusement parks
806
Amusement and Recreation
807
facilities
Private broadcasting812
Cable broadcasting813
851-1 Advertising Agencies
851-2 Advertising Production
Engineering and Architectural
874
Services
Authors and Artists
875

Fiscal Year
1998
1999
5.98
6.15
-

2000
5.60
-

2001
5.25
-

2002
4.92
-

2003
4.52
2.54
1.76
3.56

2004
4.38
2.60
1.19
3.54

2005
4.28
2.38
1.09
3.44

2006
1.89
1.60
0.68
2.55

2007
2.06
2.01
0.94
3.03

7.72

7.75

7.78

7.26

6.67

6.58

7.05

6.80

2.24

3.36

4.63
6.85

3.89
8.00
7.24

6.44
14.51
7.78

3.83
1.70
7.03

4.38
2.14
6.76

2.64
3.08
5.45

2.78
2.91
5.68

2.19
1.97
6.51

1.29
2.25
3.46

1.69
3.15
5.23

7.51

15.23

15.89

13.60

12.81

10.58

10.81

8.64

7.12

6.66

7.21
13.61

3.29
16.88

3.66
12.01

1.74
13.65

2.04
11.61

1.59
9.97

1.46
11.61

1.59
12.58

1.63
7.73

1.33
6.54

10.06

8.08

6.08

6.63

6.65

5.66

7.62

9.42

2.33

2.81

4.82
24.28
0.59
0.76

4.63
27.24
0.64
1.62

4.59
8.64
0.48
0.89

4.83
16.64
0.56
0.85

4.87
9.81
0.71
1.81

4.14
8.53
0.75
1.38

4.46
8.29
0.72
2.09

4.18
8.16
0.61
1.98

6.53
13.07
0.38
0.67

6.08
7.18
0.68
0.99

1.24

1.25

1.16

1.56

1.47

1.50

1.44

1.58

0.92

1.33

-

N/A

-

-

N/A

-

-

N/A

-

-

(16) White Paper on the Printing Industry (Japan Association of Graphic Arts Technology)○ Document 4-2-x Value of printing industry products in each major customer industry
Group
Printing andPublishing
Total

Subgroup
Publishing
Newspaper

1997
694,200
232,600
7,722,800

1998
N/A
N/A
N/A

1999
N/A
N/A
N/A

(Million yen)
2000
675,300
211,700
7,133,900(17) Total Sales of Newspaper companies (Nihon Shinbun Kyokai)

238

Fiscal Year
Total Sales ofNewspaper companies

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

(Million yen)
2006
2007

24,84824,68825,22324,89023,721

23,576

23,79724,18823,32322,182(18) Annual Report of Publication (The All Japan Magazine and Book Publisher's and Editor's Association)○ Estimation of Sales
Fiscal Year
Estimation of Sales

1998
25,416

1999
24,607

2000
23,966

2001
23,2502002
23,105

2003
22,278

2004
22,428

2005
21,964(Million yen)
2006
2007
21,52520,853

(19) Survey on the Information and Communication Industry (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)○ Sales of each Service
Fiscal Year
Private broadcasting
Cable broadcasting

2003
2,574,377
254,4982004
2,537,048
308,292(Million yen)
2005
2006
2,641,975
2,622,056
268,760
332,837○ 3.Profit structure/ Operating cost and profit of Telecommunications Industries＜Private broadcasting＞

239

Fiscal Year
Ratio of Employee expenses (％)
Ratio of Operating profit (％)
Depreciation expenses (％)

2003
15.6
7.6
4.1

2004
14.5
7.5
4.1

2005
13.5
6.9
5.0

(%)
2006
13.5
6.1
5.3

2005
15.0
11.3
15.3

(%)
2006
14.3
11.3
14.0

＜Cable broadcasting＞
Fiscal Year
Ratio of Employee expenses (％)
Ratio of Operating profit (％)
Depreciation expenses (％)

2003
14.2
8.2
17.6

2004
15.8
8.5
12.0

○ (2) Sales of each Service
Fiscal Year
ASP
Portal Sites

2001
3,135
10,166

2002
7,753
24,754

2003
2,335
152,072(Million yen)
2004
2005
2,195
6,429
154,560
170,829○ (20) Sales of Telecommunications Industries
Fiscal Year
Mobile telephone network
Electrical communication
Telecommunications
Industries

1998
N/A
148,169

1999
N/A
163,117

2000
N/A
175,938

2001
214,005
190,554

2002
743,681
162,195

2003
999,849
161,4032004
1,051,631
145,767

180,947

197,106

211,790

226,453

196,417

196,386

180,888240○ 3.Profit structure/ Operating cost and profit of Telecommunications Industries＜Internet based services＞
Fiscal Year
Sales
Employee expenses
Depreciation expenses
Operating profit
Number of Enterprises

2001
694,000
512,000
13,00031,00022

2002
5,232,000
1,703,000
80,000141,000
42

2003
3,775,000
460,000
240,000
81,00038

2004
1,154,000
193,000
39,00065,00035

2005
1,974,000
355,000
104,000
214,000
52(Million yen)
2006
1,873,000
342,000
109,000
248,000
69(Million yen)
2005
2006
1,292,159 1,479,687
145,537
151,036
180,988

187,018

＜Type Ⅰ Telecommunications Careers＞
Fiscal Year
Sales
Employee expenses
Depreciation expenses
Operating profit
Number of Enterprises

2001
2,827,000
170,000
294,000
829,000
183

2002
14,971,000
2,016,000
2,465,000
1,292,000
230

2003
19,619,000
1,915,000
2,369,000
1,350,000
339

2004
10,377,000
960,000
1,480,000
576,000
288

2005
17,664,000
1,423,000
2,015,000
757,000
328(Million yen)
2006
13,074,000
1,137,000
1,595,000
672,000
346(20) Radio & Television Yearbook (Japan Broadcasting Corporation: NHK)
○ Financial Statements [Income statement]
241

Fiscal Year
IncomeOperating Profit
Salaries
Retirement payment& Welfare expense
Depreciation

1998
633,712-

1999
645,042-

2000
655,857-

2001
667,626-

2002
675,000-

2003
680,257
20,976141,2772004
685,494
17,870141,100

2005
674,947
8,857
136,699(Million yen)
2006
2007
675,607684,796
22,987
43,119132,511
128,322

-

-

-

-

-

64,51963,85456,93852,03150,164

-

-

-

-

-

61,26170,076

72,12370,481

67,991

(21) Japan Commercial Broadcasting Yearbook (The National Association of Commercial Broadcasters in Japan)○ Management status of Commercial Broadcasting companies (Financial Statements)
Fiscal Year
Incomes

1998
2,429,488

1999
2,471,022

2000
2,632,079

2001
2,580,960

2002
2,472,400

2003
2,506,295

2004
2,598,547

2005
2,598,724(Million yen)
2006
2007
2,591,069 2,566,568(22) Advertising Expenditures in Japan Total (Dentsu Inc.)

242

Fiscal YearPOP
Exhibitions/Screen
Displays

2004
1,745

2005
1,782

3,315

3,522

(Million yen)
2006
2007
1,845
1,886
3,456

3,584

(23) RIAJ Year Book (Recording Industry Association of Japan)○ Production Trend
Fiscal Year
Audio Records
AV-compound
Records

1998
587,8791999
551,294

2000
515,376

2001
489,578

2002
431,806

2003
387,9872004
368,610

2005
359,800(Million yen)
2006
2007
344,518
327,175

26,38723,30019,791

16,10014,250

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

(24) Survey on CD rental stores (Recording Industry Association of Japan)
Fiscal Year
Incomes from CD rental

1998
69,0001999
65,0002000
63,0002001
65,0002002
65,0002003
59,0002004
60,0002005
60,000(Million yen)
2006
2007
62,00061,000(25) Production Data of the past 10 years (Recording Industry Association of Japan)○ Production Data of CD Singles and CD Albums (value basis)
Fiscal Year
CD Singles
CD Albums

1998
95,478492,400

1999
100,926
450,369

2000
93,633
426,440

2001
80,317409,261

2002
60,538371,268

2003
54,437
333,550

2004
51,983
316,627

2005
48,855
310,945(Million yen)
2006
2007
50,847
46,945
293,671
280,230243(26) Data provided by JASRAC
Fiscal Year
Annual Collection

1998
97,8001999
98,1502000
105,282

2001
104,190

2002
105,152

2003
106,667

2004
111,7222005
112,395(Million yen)
2006
2007
110,660
112,004

(27) CESA Game White Paper (Computer Entertainment Software Association)○ Ⅱ Value of shipments of TV games for home use
Fiscal Year
Domestic
Exportation
Total

1998
352,859
214,146
567,005

1999
328,451
234,337
562,7882000
293,122284,769
577,891

2001
264,158
253,229
517,387

2002
249,208
225,513474,721

2003
N/A
N/A
429,850

2004
N/A
N/A
468,412

2005
N/A
N/A
487,110(Million yen)
2006
2007
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
674,174
848,650

2005
48,5003,400(Million yen)
2006
2007
50,20049,700
3,400
4,700

2005
862,163502,579(Million yen)
2006
2007
1,125,267 2,299,241
701,151
719,616(28) Survey on Amusement Industries (JAMMA、AOU、NSA*)○ Sales of TV games / amusement machines for business use

244

Fiscal YearTV games
Music games

1998
40,10012,0001999
43,10016,2002000
28,3006,600

2001
24,5004,900

2002
22,7003,400

2003
35,0003,400

2004
39,600
3,300○ Sales of TV games for family use
Fiscal Year
Hardware
Software1998
379,095
472,904

1999
454,625
562,788

2000
539,860
577,8912001
940,071
517,3872002
787,685474,721

2003
631,481437,975

2004
425,143494,840○ Sales of Operation
Fiscal YearSales of Operation

1998
628,900

1999
619,500

2000
596,400

2001
590,300

2002
605,500

2003
637,700

2004
649,200

2005
682,500(Million yen)
2006
2007
702,900
678,100

(29) Karaoke White Paper (All-Japan Karaoke Industrialist Association)○ Chapter 1

An outline of Karaoke Industry : Market size

Fiscal Year
Karaoke Boxes

1998
579,200

1999
565,700

2000
500,800

2001
450,700

2002
474,600

2003
430,100

2004
410,500

2005
421,000(Million yen)
2006
2007
436,300
427,000(30) Statistics on Construction undertaken (Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport)○ Part 2 Table 2 Number of establishments, Value of Completed constructions, Orders, Number of VA, depreciation, fixed assets bybusiness category(Million yen)
245

House
construction
Non-house
construction

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Completed construction

20,358,169

18,817,464

18,155,211

17,549,157

16,963,334

16,410,794

16,860,415

15,050,585

15,212,777

N/A

Completed construction(Subcontract)

10,374,494

9,489,876

8,982,285

9,277,868

9,583,178

7,818,748

7,398,754

7,896,844

7,389,213

N/A

Completed construction

23,559,009

21,202,178

20,902,008

19,844,679

18,840,835

17,368,258

17,231,916

17,123,049

17,456,372

N/A

Completed construction(Subcontract)

17,917,579

15,837,552

14,947,737

14,582,224

14,225,649

12,166,670

12,359,504

13,793,504

12,587,587

N/A(31) Cost Analysis Information for Building Works (Management Research Society for Construction Industry)○ Table A Cost structure (Architectural design cost rate)

House constructions (Average) (%)
Buildings (Average) (%)

1995
1.42
1.73

1996
1.40
1.61

(%)
1997
1.48
1.05

(32) Statistics on Libraries in Japan (Japan Library Association)○ Public Libraries subtotal○ University/College Libraries subtotal
246

PublicLibraries

University/College
Libraries

Current
Expenses
Extra expenses
Material
expenses
Extra material
expenses
Current
Expenses
Material
expenses
Extra material
expenses

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

(Million yen)
2006
2007

105,980

107,276

107,830

110,543

113,233

113,233

114,404

116,702113,963

109,923

27,141

27,06822,687

12,593

17,684

17,684

14,58018,083

16,628

17,83836,16135,64335,19535,39435,41735,41735,221

34,31332,84731,700

1,710

1,940

2,048

1,323

1,831

1,831

1,134

1,517

2,613

1,533

97,964

99,166

95,69094,88993,11096,114

96,811

98,865

93,166

94,29573,65674,30572,00570,625

70,13872,552

72,971

70,21468,78969,257

5,704

11,629

8,845

4,801

4,096

4,254

4,771

4,272

4,565

3,916

○ Number of Staff in Public Libraries○ Number of Staff in University/College Libraries

PublicLibraries
University/College
Libraries

full-time
part-time
full-time
part-time1998
15,535
1,156
8,867

1999
15,454
1,206
8,675

2000
15,276
1,277
8,403

2001
15,347
1,258
8,060

2002
15,284
1,260
7,809

2003
14,932
1,367
7,468

2004
14,664
1,344
7,132

2005
14,302
1,339
6,841

2006
14,070
1,408
6,438(persons)
2007
13,573
1,335
6,209

1,470

1,481

1,489

1,510

1,483

1,389

1,418

1,481

1,473

1,508

(33) Museum White Paper (Fiscal 2004) (Japan Association of Museums)○ Total Income
247(Million yen)
2004
Average of Total Income
138
Number of museum
408○ Number of Staff(persons)
2004
Number of museum
404
Average Number of Staff
8.7

(34) Public Welfare and Health Cost Survey (Japan Business Federation)○ Table 3 Average of Total Cash wages and Salaries Paid, Welfare expenses by industry (Manufacture industry)

Total cash wages
and Salaries Paid
Legal welfare
expenses

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

(Million yen)
2007

546,116

548,191

550,802562,098

563,416

565,935

578,054583,386

587,658

N/A

63,162

63,76365,423

68,482

68,57472,853

74,10675,43676,437

N/A(Million yen)
2006
2007
N/A
N/A

(ａ) Financial Statement Report [Advertising Agency] (Ministry of Finance)○ Financial Statements Report [Income Statement]
248

Fiscal Year
1998
1999
Sales
200,540
320,085
Production
69,509100,954
expenses・Based on data from Asatsu DK, Inc.

2000
340,8882001
358,830

2002
334,915

2003
357,5972004
373,8972005
384,849

104,761

116,075

101,584

105,550

116,970

123,131

N/A

N/A

(ｂ) Financial Statement Report [Advertising Production] (Ministry of Finance)○ Financial Statements Report [Income Statement]
Fiscal Year
Sales
Employee expenses
Depreciation expenses
Operating profit

1998
126,243
11,122
263
2,430

1999
139,462
12,107
268
3,434

2000
145,196
12,923
260
4,634

2001
144,095
13,179493
3,585(Million yen)
2002
2003
132,951
N/A
12,866
N/A
524
N/A
3,003
N/A

・Based on data from Dentsu Tec, Inc.

(ｃ) Financial Statement Report [Record company] (Ministry of Finance)249○ Financial Statements Report [Income Statement]

C

A

Sales
Employee expenses
Depreciation expenses
Operating profit
Sales
Employee expenses
Depreciation expenses
Operating profit

2003
31,2072,192
0-337
73,896
4,564
1,153
7,015

2004
32,6433,590
0777
75,418
4,826
1,069
4,269

2005
28,892
3,062
21
544
89,783
6,261
954
8,650

(Million yen)
2006
2007
29,336
19,214
2,856
2,756
30
102
778
-737
101,626
104,639
7,149
7,573
807
790
8,691
8,510

・ Based on data from C(Columbia Music Entertainment, Inc.), A(Avex Group Holdings Inc.).

(ｄ) Financial Statement Report [Music Publishing Company] (Ministry of Finance)○ Financial Statements Report [Income Statement]

Sales
Production income
Cost of Sales
Cost of production
Employee expenses
Depreciation expenses
Sales and general administrative
expenses
Operating profit(Million yen)
2006
2007
20,042
21,597
12,353
13,200
8,734
9,066
1,423
1,374
161
132

2003
16,72010,102
7,350
1,126
122

2004
17,503
11,234
8,274
1,145
173

2005
17,794
11,418
8,172
1,169
167

3,032

3,107

3,352

3,824

3,886

1,337

1,378

1,872

2,277

2,456

・ Based on data from Hori production, Inc.
250

(ｅ) Financial Statement Report [Karaoke Company] (Ministry of Finance)○ Financial Statements Report [Income Statement]

Ｄ

Operating profit

251

2004
122,0852005
129,341

25,156

26,53233,30735,681

38,235

16,678
1,703
13,126140,90917,457
1,522
10,383
155,264

17,821
1,529
11,286
157,950

17,3191,390
13,189175,150

17,661
1,004
16,374226,072

59,20362,074

61,184

61,79162,934

4,434
419
4,934

5,043
414
3,364

5,473
496
6,359

6,143
444
7,908

7,881
0
11,209Sales
Karaoke cabin and Restaurant
business
Employee expenses
Depreciation expenses

Ｓ

2003
119,335(Million yen)
2006
2007
124,654
126,844

Sales
Restaurant and Karaokebusiness
Employee expenses
Depreciation expenses
Operating profit

・ Based on data fromＤ(Daiichikosho Co., Ltd.), Ｓ(Shidax Corp.).

○Financial Statements Report [Number of Employees]

252

Business Segment
Commercial
Ｄkaraoke businessKaraoke cabin
and restaurant
business
Gateway business
Music software
business
Other businessBack-office section
Total
S
Slogix BusinessContracted Food Business
Medical Food BusinessRestaurant and Karaoke BusinessSpecialty Restaurant Business
Deli and Convenience BusinessTotal Outsourcing Business
Other BusinessBack-office section
Total

2003

2004

2005

(persons)
2007

2006

1,844

1,871

1,862

1,889

1,957

454

500

795

978

875

53

65

43

41

-

227

235

279

291

273

109
94
2,781
55
1,262
1,538
381
33
161
3,430

138
91
2,900
65
1,276
1,688
386
96
32
196
3,739

53
93
3,125
67
1,269
1,683
351
91
31
206
3,698

61
104
3,364
73
1,420
1,803
324
1,631
97
5,470
30
152
11,000

67
109
3,281
80
1,561
1,693
349
2,717
96
5,927
31
191
12,645(ｆ) Financial Statement Report [Mobile phone Company] (Ministry of Finance)○Financial Statements Report [Number of Employees]
Fiscal YearNTT Docomo
KDDI
Softbank
Eaccess
WILLCOM

1998
4,450
2,990
3,078
N/A
N/A

1999
15,100
7,361
4,132
N/A
N/A

2000
18,015
14,303
7,076
N/A
N/A

2001
19,70013,575
7,593
N/A
N/A

(ｇ) Statement of net assets (Representative company)
253○「Statement of net assets」
(Yen)
Sales
Current expense
Employee expenses
Salaries, bonus
Temporary salaries
Provision for retirement payment
for directors
Provision for retirement payment
Bonus payment reserve
Depreciation expenses
・Based on data from JASRAC.

2007
14,853,603,876
14,849,153,876
1,133,065,169
861,155,150
44,635,935
36,718,334
112,128,380
78,427,370
5,451,817

2002
20,792
13,341
6,973
N/A
N/A

2003
21,241
13,128
3,285
N/A
N/A

2004
21,527
12,373
2,582
N/A
875

2005
21,646
14,021
2,728
N/A
945

2006
21,591
14,358
3,842
N/A
997

(persons)
2007
22,10015,865
5,112
N/A
1,038

(ｈ) Results of the original survey (Management Business Organization of Copyright and Neighboring Rights)○ Expense of Management Business of Copyright and Neighboring Rights
Fiscal Year
Management Business
Organization of Copyrightand Neighboring Rights

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

(Million yen)
2006
2007

13,99814,08615,194

15,52015,172

15,415

15,722

15,69515,801

15,933○ Number of Staff of Management Business of Copyright and Neighboring Rights

254

Fiscal Year
Management Business
Organization of Copyrightand Neighboring Rights

1998
616

1999
604

2000
601

2001
575

2002
581

2003
570

2004
588

2005
596

2006
598

(persons)
2007588

2. Correspondence between the JCI classification and theJSIC
2002 Edition
JCI classification

No1) Printing andPublishing(1) Newspaper publishing413(2) Book and Journal Publishing414(3) Printing (Newspaper and Book) 161

JSIC(Groups)
Name

No

JSIC(Industries)
Name

Newspaper Industries

4131

Newspaper Industries

Publishing Industries
Printing, Except MimeographPrinting Industries

4141
1611

Publishing industry
Printing industries except mimeograph printing2) Computer Software(1) Software

391

392

3) Broadcasting(2) Data Processing/ Providing
Service(1) Public Broadcasting(2) Private Broadcasting382(3) Cable Broadcasting383(1)Internet Transmission

401

Computer Programming and Other 3911
Software Services
3912
Data Processing and Information 3921
Services
Public Broadcasting, Except
3811
Cablecasting
3821
Private Broadcasting, Except
3822
Cablecasting
3823
3829
3831
Cablecasting
3832
Internet Based Services
4011(2)Mobile Telephone Networks
Transmission

373

Mobile Telecommunications(1) Commercial art and Graphic(2) Display(1) Records, CDs and Tapes

809
909
329

Miscellaneous Professional Services8096
Business Services, N.E.C
9091
Manufacturing Industries, N.E.C 3296

Commercial art and graphic design
Display services
Information recording materials, except newspapers, books, other printed
products, etc.

(2) Record and CD rental

412
889

Sound Information Production
4121
Miscellaneous Goods Rental and
8892
Leasing
Sound Information Production
4122
Services Identical to Video Picture, 4159
Sound Information, Character
Information Production andDistribution

Recording and disk production
Audio and visual recordings rental, except otherwise classified4)Transmission5) Advertising
6) Music381(3) Music Publishing

412
415

(1) Movie, Home video and TV
program production

411

Video Picture Information
Production and Distribution(2) Video rental

8898) Photography(1) Photos

808

Miscellaneous Goods Rental andLeasing
Photographic Studios

9) Legitimate Theater(1) Movie Theater

841

Motion Picture Theatres(2) Theater

842

Performances(except otherwiseclassified), Theatrical Companies

7) Motion Picture(3) Theatrical company, band andorchestra

3731

Custom software services
Package software services
Data processing services
Public broadcasting
Television broadcasting, except satellite broadcastingRadio broadcasting, except satellite broadcasting
Satellite broadcasting
Miscellaneous private broadcasting
Cable television broadcasting
Cable sound broadcasting
Internet Based Services
Mobile Telecommunications

Radio program production
Miscellaneous services identical to video picture, sound information,
character information production and distribution

4111
4112
4113
8892

Motion picture and video production, except television program production
Television program production（Teleproduction）
Motion picture, video and television program distribution
Audio and visual recordings rental, except otherwise classified

8081
8082
8411

Photographic studios, except commercial photography
Commercial photography
Motion picture theatres

8421

Legitimate theatres

8423

Dramatic companies

8424

Orchestra and dancing companies

3496

Information recording materials, except newspapers, books, other printed
products, etc.

10) Game Software(1) Game software

349

Manufacturing Industries, N.E.C

39111) Entertainment
Facilities(1) Amusement Arcade(2) Karaoke Box

846
849

12) Design(3) Theme Park
(1) Design

845
806

Computer Programming and Other 3912
Software Services
Amusement and Recreation
8465
Miscellaneous Amusement and8495
Recreation Services
Public Gardens and Amusement
8453
Design, Mechanical Services
806113）Architecture(1) Architectural Design

805

Engineering and Architectural
Services

8051

Architectural design services

771
771
807

Social Educational Services
Social Educational Services
Authors and Artists

809

Miscellaneous Professional

7712
7713
8071
8072
8094

Libraries
Museums and art galleries
Authors
Artists
Translation, except authors(1) Libraries
14）Libraries and(2) Museums and Art galleries
Museums
15)Authors and Artists (1) Authors and Artists,
Musician

Package software services
Game centers"Karaoke" boxes
Theme parks
Design services

- JCI Series No.19-

Copyright White Paper- A view from the perspective of copyright industries (Vol.3)published by COPYRIGHT RESEARCH AND INFORMATION CENTER(CRIC)Tokyo Opera City Tower
3-20-2 Nishi-Shinjuku Shinjuku-ku Tokyo
163-1411 JAPANTEL. +81-3-5353-6921
FAX. +81-3-5353-6920
E-mail. copyright@cric.or.jp
URL.
http://www.cric.or.jp©COPYRIGHT RESEARCH AND INFORMATION CENTER 2009
The survey regarding the white paper was conducted by SARVH financial support
on the purpose of diffusion of copyright system.