96

No. 22

Japan Academy of Community Health Nursing
Established October 15, 1997

Topics of Japanese Community
Health Nursing

APRIL 2023

continuous and comprehensive view of people’s
lives, and explores how to achieve effective
nursing care in collaboration with people andcommunities.

1. JACHN Research Agenda 24 forCommunity Health Nursing in 2040

This new definition of community health nursing
must be further developed in order to anticipate andappropriately respond to changes in people’s health

The Committee on Next-generation Reseachand environment in 2040, not only in Japan but inActivity Promotion

the wider world as well. Therefore, the JACHN

1. Research Agenda development background

determined it was necessary to define a focused

In 2040, Japan is expected to have a declining

research agenda.

and aging population with a very low birthrate.
These effects will extend to all aspects of society,

2. Research Agenda development processincluding industry, the economy, education, social

Interviews were conducted between Octobersecurity, and people’s values, and are also called

2021 and February 2022 with all board members,“Japan syndrome.” In 2019, the Japan Academy ofself-nominated delegates, other JACHN members,

Community Health Nursing (JACHN) created a new

the president, and the auditors, and a draft was

definition of community health nursing based on

prepared based on the results of these interviews.

predictions of these effects for 2040. Community

Next, public comments on that draft were solicitedhealth nursing was positioned as a foundationalfrom all JACHN members from February to March

discipline that cultivates the shared knowledge and2022. After much deliberation, the “JACHN

abilities required of public health nurses, midwives,

Research Agenda 24 for Community Health Nursing

and nurse practitioners, and is defined as follows:in 2040” (hereinafter, “Research Agenda 24”) and

1) Community health nursing is an academic

the “Strategic Pillars for Achieving Research Agenda

discipline that seeks to improve people’s quality24”) (hereinafter, “the Strategic Pillars”) wereof life and help build healthy and safe

completed.

communities that support this quality of life.
2) The purpose of community health nursing is to

3. Framework for Research Agenda 24

ensure people maintain lifestyle continuity andResearch Agenda 24 is a set of 24 selected

help improve their quality of life by supporting

research agenda themes to be prioritized, from thepeople’s health and safety.

perspectives of (1) quality of life, (2) continuity, and

3) Community health nursing is a practical science(3) inclusiveness, as encompassed in the JACHN's

that deals with people at various health levels

new definition of community health nursing (2019).

living in diverse settings, which takes a

These themes are illustrated in a diagram with

日本地域看護学会誌

Vol.26 No.1, 2023

individuals, families, groups, and communities

based on unique regional characteristics andconsidered as the target groups for community

strengths.

health nursing. It is assumed that the definition of2) Continuity

community health nursing and perspectives (1)(11) Supporting people to continue living athrough (3) will continue to evolve over time.

personally fulfilling life regardless of their place of“Innovation in community health nursing education,

residence, (12) approach to providing continuous

research, practice, management, and policy” at the

support throughout the life stages, (13) building andtop of the figure is the goal of the Research Agenda.

maintaining multidisciplinary care systems, (14)“Research design refinement, data utilization,

keeping communities safe through the cycle ofmethodology construction, theory generation,

health crises, (15) methodology for sustainable

technology development, program development,

regional health promotion activities, (16) resident-led

model construction, and system construction” at theefforts to solve community health issues, (17)bottom of the figure are the main methods used incommunity health nursing to address shrinking andthe research agenda. Because both the study anddisappearance of communities due to population

practice of community health nursing emphasize

decline.

collaboration and partnership with a variety of3) Inclusivenessprofessionals and non-professionals across multiple(18) Developing community health nursing

disciplines and fields, “collaboration with residents

techniques that utilize new technologies, (19)and local communities” on the far right andmethodology of community health nursing practice“multidisciplinary collaboration” on the far left of thefor minorities and vulnerable populations, (20)figure are listed as the main partners for the

supporting independence of individual clients

Research Agenda.

through multidisciplinary collaboration, (21) clearly
defining expertise as a generalist, (22) achieving

4. Content of Research Agenda 24

new regional development through collaboration and

1) Quality of life

integration with multiple sectors, (23) systematizing
andcare in a community-based integrated care system

diversification of family structures, (2) preventive

for all generations and all target groups, and (24)approaches for people who are uninterested or dohealthcare policy and support to fill “gaps between

not seek assistance, (3) changes in the concept ofsocial support systems”.

(1)

Diverseindividual

lifestyles

comfortable, healthy, and safe living and lifestylecontinuity in a super-aging society, (4) solving social

5. Strategic Pillars

issues by working alongside people facing life

The strategy to achieve Research Agenda 24

challenges, (5) transforming social interactions andhas two main pillars. The first is “development andcommunities in a post-COVID society, (6)evaluation of education, research, practice,determinants of everyday health in local

management, and policy for the newly definedcommunities, (7) emergence of new special

community health nursing.” The second is “formation

populations and approaches to increase regionaland strengthening of local networks formed bystrength, (8) rediscovering existing living

community members, practitioners, educators, andcommunities and cultures, (9) developing

researchers.” Examples of potential specificcommunity inclusivity and richness and building

initiatives and projects based on each pillar werelivable communities, (10) problem-solving skills

also presented. For example, efforts based on the97Problem-solving skills based on
unique regional characteristics
and strengths

Quality of life

Developing community inclusivity andrichness and building livable communities

Emergence of new special
populations and approaches
to increase regional strength

Determinants of everyday healthin local communities

Keeping communities safe throughthe cycle of health crises

Building and maintaining
multidisciplinary care systems

Research design refinement, data utilization, methodology construction, theory generation, technology development, program development, model construction, and system construction

Rediscovering existing living
communities and cultures

Solving social issues by working
alongside people facing life challenges

Continuity

Methodology for sustainableregional health promotion activities

Changes in the concept of comfortable,
healthy, and safe living and lifestylecontinuity in a super-aging society

Diverse individual lifestyles anddiversification of family structures

Supporting people to continue living
a personally fulfilling life regardlessof their place of residence

Approach to providing continuous
support throughout the life stages

Resident-led efforts tosolve community health issues

Community health nursing toaddress shrinking and disappearanceof communities due to population decline

Individuals and families

GroupsCommunity

Preventive approaches for people who areuninterested or do not seek assistanceTransforming social interactions andcommunities in a post-COVID society

Clearly defining
expertise as a generalist

Developing community healthnursing techniques that utilize
new technologies

Methodology of community healthnursing practice for minorities andvulnerable populations

Supporting independence ofindividual clients throughmultidisciplinary collaboration

Systematizing care in a community-based
integrated care system for all generations
and all target groups

Achieving new regional
development throughcollaboration and integration
with multiple sectors

Inclusiveness

Healthcare policy and support
to fill gaps between social
support systems

JACHN Research Agenda 24 for Community Health Nursing in 2040

Multidisciplinary collaboration

Innovation in community health nursing education, research, practice, management, and policy

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Collaboration with residents and local communities日本地域看護学会誌

Vol.26 No.1, 2023

first pillar included developing and evaluating a newexperience and knowledge of others they normallycommunity health nursing that targets community

would not encounter.” Therefore, the JACHN started

members with urgent issues not adequately

a LINE OpenChat called “Discussion Group on theaddressed by current measures and new target

Next Generation of Community Health Nursing.”

populations that will emerge in the future, and efforts

This chat group is open to all JACHN members, andbased on the second pillar included training the next

is intended for collaborative creation of video

generation of professionals who will take on thecontent with young professionals who are notwork of implementing the 2040 agenda. This

committee members. We hope that this effort will

strategy, which assumes compliance with thelead to new projects and networks beyond video“JACHN Code of Ethics” that establishes the basic

sharing.

ethical principles and philosophy for the conduct of
the JACHN, is intended to further the organization’s
purpose, which is to contribute to human health and

2. Best Research Awards of JapaneseCommunity Health Nursing

welfare as well as society in general.

1) Development of a Coordination Scale
6. Efforts during this term
To expand on the research laid out in Research
Agenda 24, we must foster young professionals who

Focused on Life Support of Elderly People
with Dementia for Public Health Nurses in
Community General Support Centerswill take on the work of conducting the research andimplementing the practices that will launch the next
generation of community health nursing. The
JACHN has established a new committee to

Akemi Okano
Kyoto Prefectural University of
Medicine School of Nursing

promote training of the next generation. The
following four topics were raised as challenges intraining young professionals: (1) difficulty conducting
collaborative research with community members; (2)Objective: This study aimed to develop a scale tolack of opportunities for young researchers toevaluate coordination practice provided by public

network with each other and for researchers tohealth nurses (PHNs) in community general support

network with practitioners; (3) post-pandemic lack ofcenters for elderly people with dementia.

information about research, practice, andMethod: Preparation of a draft scale allowed for theeducational activities and sense of fatigue; and (4)selection of 57 items extracted from semi-structured

lack of opportunities for young researchers tointerviews with PHNs in community general support

deepen the research agenda. All of these havecenters; these items were investigated for surface

common elements of a heavy workload and lack ofand content, validity by administrators who work withcontact with stakeholders outside of academia.

elderly people with dementia, PHNs in community

Therefore, it was determined that “we need togeneral support centers, and experts on

consider the heavy workload of education andcoordination practices. A scale with demonstrated

create resources to address that workload directly

reliability and validity was administered to measure

and to deepen research and practice respectively,

results of a self-administered questionnaire provided

and one way to achieve this would be by creating

to 499PHNs in 414_community general support

opportunities for people to connect with thecenters.

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Results: The number of subjects surveyed werequalitative and descriptive analysis using TEM

372PHNs, with valid date obtained from 314PHNs

method.

(valid response rate: 62.9%). Three factors comprising

Results: A comparative investigation of vocational

25 items were selected from 32 items based on thepaths focusing on “motivation to become a public

results of item analysis, and exploratory factor

health nurse,” “encounter with a role model,” andanalysis. The three subscales were named as follows:“expansion of the regional activities from individuals

Assessing the impact of cognitive symptoms on one’s

to groups and communities,” resulted in four types oflife; Creating a resource to support elderly people withclassification: Type I, individuals actively deciding on

dementia in the community; and Connecting elderly

public nursing and positively expanding activities;

people with dementia to institutions of medical andType II, individuals actively deciding on public

nursing care. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the draft

nursing and performing required work; Type III,scale was 0.90-0.957 and correlation coefficients ofindividuals passively deciding on public nursing but

the test-retest were 0.818-0.869. Validity assessment

actively expanding activities; and Type IV,

was conducted for criterion-related validity for theindividuals passively deciding on public nursing andthree subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis was inperforming routine work. Types I and III encountered

the acceptable range.

role models and expanded activities from individuals

Conclusion: Results confirmed that this scale

to groups and communities, which facilitatedpossesses a certain degree of reliability and validity.

recognition of professional identity. Type II【 Key words 】elderly people with dementia,

recognized professional identity through thecommunity general support centers, public healthperformance of roles to establish a new system.

nurses, coordination, scale development

Type IV struggled to handle routine work without
sufficient experience in regional activities, which

2) Process and Effect Factors of Professional

decreased confidence in professional identity.

Identity Formation in Municipal Public

Discussion: The classification in this study showed

Health Nurses; Characteristics of Formationthat experience in expanding activities from

Processes Observed in Four Types inindividuals to groups and communities strengthened

Reference to the Trajectory Equifinality

recognition of professional identity, and role models

Modeling

influenced expansion of regional nursing activities.
This study clarified the characteristic of professional
identity formation processes; namely, public healthnurses develop awareness of nursing and
Hiroko Shoji
Kobe Women’s University
Department of Nursing

administrative roles while establishing relationships
with clerical staff.
【 Key words 】municipal public health nurses,

professional identity, trajectory equifinality modelingPurpose: This study aimed at clarifying process andeffect factors of professional identity formation inmunicipal public health nurses using the trajectory
equifinality modeling (TEM).
Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted

twice with 19 public health nurses in Prefecture A for日本地域看護学会誌

3) Development

andEvaluationof

Vol.26 No.1, 2023achildren,” “tradition and nurture,” “reflection andCommunity-organization-based

evaluation of life,” and “extension of relationships

Intergeneration Program through Action

between neighbors in the community.”

Research

Conclusion : Study findings suggest that acommunity-based intergeneration gardening
program is an effective intervention to help maintainhealth status and social capital among communityAzusa Arimoto
Yokohama City University,
Graduate School of Medicine

dwelling older adults.
【 Key words 】action research, intergenerationexchange, program development, community
organization, older adults, outcome evaluation

Purpose: To evaluate the effects on health andsocial capital among community-dwelling older

3. Brief Reports of Participants

adults who participated in a one-year communitybased intergeneration program.

1) The 7th Conference on International

Method: An intergeneration gardening program was

Collaboration For Community Healthconducted among community-dwelling volunteers,

Nursing Research : ICCHNR

aged 65 years and older, in A city, from February(1) Taichi Sato2015 to March 2018. The program was developed

Chiba University, Institute for Advanced Academic

as action research to solve community problems

Research

such as limited intergeneration relationship andfrailty among older adults by community

The 7th ICCHNR conference, hosted byorganizations, local governments and a university.

Linnaeus University, Sweden, was arranged virtually

Baseline data were collected on sociodemographic

online on June 21-22, 2022. This conference

factors, health status including hand grip strength,

consisted of keynote speeches and posterand social capital. Follow-up data were collected

presentations, and oral presentations in nine

one year later and compared with a similar age

disciplines. I presented “Implementation Strategies

control group that did not participate in the program.

for Promoting On-the-Job Training (OJT) for Public

Qualitative data were collected by focus group

Health Nurses (PHNs) through Case Conferences:discussion and analyzed.

Literature Review (Sato & Ishimaru)” in the area ofResults: The mean age of the intervention groupthe nursing workforce. During the Q&A session, we(n = 36) was 72.6 ± 5.6 years and the mean age ofwere asked about the extent of the contribution of

the control group (n = 36) was 74.7 ± 4.6 years,

OJT in the competency development of PHNs. The

with 23 males in each group. Significant interaction

question made us realize the need to clarify theeffects over time were found between the two

significance of the study considering thegroups with the intervention group displaying

international situation, as we could anticipate that insignificantly maintain levels of community

Japan, OJT occupies an important position in thecommitment (p < 0.05) and tendency to increase

competency development of PHNs, but in countries

hand grip strength (p < 0.1),compared with thewith license renewal systems, etc., the weight ofcontrol group. Qualitative analysis revealed

OJT is relatively lower than in Japan. Since this was

categories: “pleasure of getting involved witha question that had not been available at previous

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conferences in Japan, I was reminded of the

Before the day of the conference, we practiced

importance of presenting to people with different

our presentations with a professor and graduate

systems and backgrounds and examining thestudents from our laboratory who will also be

significance of research in international community

presenting at the 7th ICCHNR conference. A

health nursing research.

professor told us, “At the international conference,In the Q&A session for the research project

be confident and speak about what you want to“Caring Community Oriented Approach in the localsay.” These messages encouraged all the graduate

community setting: A Scoping Review (Ishimaru etstudents, and we completed our presentationsal.)” in which I am involved as a research assistant,successfully.

we were asked that in the current situation, whereresidents must participate as care providers in the(2) Yuko Fujimotodelivery of integrated care, shouldn’t we first

Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences

encourage the government to fulfill its responsibility
to provide necessary services instead of conducting

The

7th

ICCHNR-conference

was

an

research to promote mutual support among

unforgettable conference presentation for me. This

residents. While it is true that the government has

is because it was the first time for me to give an oral

the responsibility to address these issues, if thepresentation at an international conference. I had

current situation is not being addressed by themade several poster presentations at international

government alone, as a researcher in community

conferences in the past. However, I was nothealth nursing, I felt again that it is necessary first to

confident in my English and presentation skills fortake the necessary initiatives in the community andoral presentations, and felt that the hurdle was toothen encourage such initiatives to be positioned ashigh for me to take on the challenge. This time,

services by the government eventually.

when the conference secretariat suggested that I

Besides that, I had set my own goal of asking atgive an oral presentation, I was honestly half-excited

least one question at this conference (I had alreadyand half-anxious, but I thought to myself, “It’s a great

told this to the graduate students in my lab), so I

opportunity! Let’s do it!” I was half-excited and half-

was able to ask questions at two of theanxious, but I was determined to give it a try.

presentations that I was interested in. One of the

When it came time to start the preparations, I

studies I asked about was a study on the workload

found that creating a PowerPoint presentation andof health visitors in the United Kingdom. Because ofdeveloping a manuscript for the explanation was

the difference in the country, I asked about

different and more difficult than creating a poster.

background information such as the postnatal careFirst, I read books explaining English presentations

system in the U.K. The answers to our questions

and learned the basics. Next, I visited my colleagues

made me realize how well the postnatal care system

who had experience giving presentations and asked

works in the U.K. and the excessive workload of thethem for tips. Now, it was time to prepare thehealth visitors who support it, and I realized anew

presentation materials. However, there were two

the significance of research that supports the

major problems that plagued me. The first was

nursing workforce. I sent an e-mail to the presenter

whether I would be able to convey the content of myafter the event, thanking her for answering mypresentation in the limited time I had. My advisor

questions and informing her of the situation in

knew about these problems and gave me advice

Japan.

from the beginning of the PowerPoint presentation

日本地域看護学会誌

Vol.26 No.1, 2023

preparation, and I was able to cover the lack of

Nursing Science (the 7th WANS) in Taipei on

speaking ability by devising presentation materials.

October 18 to 19, 2022. I was recommended by the

The second issue was how to convey theJapan Academy of Community Health Nursing as a

background to my theme in Japan. My topic was

symposium presenter.

“Conceptual Structure of Mothers’ Needs forGrandmothers’ Childcare Support and Development

1. The 7th WANS reportof Measurement Tools in Japan.” The history and

The theme of the conference was "Nurses

culture of parenting support by relatives are different

Together for Global Challenges - Leading Nursing

in Japan than in Western countries. In order for non-

Science and Knowledge Generation Post Global

Japanese researchers to understand the results andPandemic. There were three keynote speeches,

discussion of this study, it was necessary to

three main sessions, four symposia, and one special

describe the situation in Japan regarding childcare

session related to the theme. In addition, there were

support by grandparents in an easy-to-understandposter and oral presentations.

manner. Therefore, we carefully explained the

The keywords at the conference wereresearch background and dared to have a professor“Application of Information Communicationfrom a different field listen to the presentation to

Technology (ICT) to Nursing Care and Education,”

confirm that the intent was conveyed correctly andwith many podium presentations on healthcare dataclearly.

collection using IoT, data analysis and disease

Unfortunately, the conference was held online,

prediction using AI, and the development andso I was unable to participate on-site in Sweden, but

evaluation of intervention programs using ICT. The

it was a very valuable experience for me to be able

overall impression was that the use of communication

to give an oral presentation at this conference. I may

technology has become commonplace. I felt thathave set the hurdle for the oral presentation too highnursing has moved from the stage of just trying tobecause of the language barrier. It was certainly

use communication technology to the stage ofmore difficult to prepare an oral presentation than amodeling, demonstrating, evaluating, and improving

poster presentation, but it was a great pleasure to

ways to use it more effectively.

be able to talk about my research in my own voice
and communicate it directly.

At a symposium I attended (Knowledge
Generation in Nursing Research Post Global

If there are others who, like me, have not been

Pandemic), I spoke on the topic of “Community

able to take the plunge into oral presentations, I

Health Nursing, Impact of COVID-19 on Community

hope they will also have an opportunity to

Health Nursing and Practical Application Utilizing

experience this joy and sense of accomplishment.

IT,” introducing the narrowing of the living world of
disabled old people due to the impact of COVID-19

2) The 7th International Nursing Researchand the potential use of ICT there. I suggested that

Conference of World Academy of Nursing

nursing researchers should make a deep analysis of

Science : WANS

human needs. In a time of rapid ICT spread, we(1) Takashi Naruseshould not vote ourselves on what can be done but

Sompo Institute Plus Inc.

on what is needed in the field. I also introduced
examples of my own current online practice/

I attended the 7th International Nursing

research activities in which community members

Research Conference of the World Academy ofcollaborated. As a nursing researcher, I am proud to

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be actively involved in both basic needs analysis

Pacific Islander Nurses Association (AAPINA). As aand pioneering practice. Presentation materials are

member of the symposium, I was invited to thealso available on my website (https://takanaruse.

Taiwan Nurses Association (TWNA) office andcom/en/recent/wans-oct-2022/).

museum with Professor Jing Wang, President ofHere is one interesting presentation. Regarding

AAPINA, the day before the conference. The TWNA

nursing education, there was a report on nursing

office occupied three floors of a building in

education using virtual reality training machines. The

downtown Taipei. In the museum, we saw several

presenter was Professor Hyunsook Shin (College ofwall displays, video content, and posters, andNursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Korea). In

learned not only about the history of the TWNA, but

this training, the player controls an avatar of aalso about the leadership of the Taiwan Nurses

nursing student. The player can walk around the

Association and its active involvement in various

school and medical institution created in the virtualpolicies related to nursing, based on photos andreality space and can take on a variety of quests.

videos. It was a sobering experience to be present

Players will meet a variety of professionals andat a place where representatives from different

patients. I believe that the future of this training

countries look back on their history and talk about

space should be like a Massively Multiplayer Online

the future.

Role-Playing Game, where players interact witheach other, there are non-playable characters with

3. Follow up

their own egos, and players will be able to acquire

After returning to Japan, I reported about the

information with their senses (including tactile

conference on Facebook and received reactions

senses). In the future, it may be possible to provide

from people I met at the conference. The conferencea learning environment that is more conducive to thewas mainly conducted through Facebook, Linked in,education of students than the real world. The

and other social networking sites. I usually do not

audience looked stimulated by as this kind excellent

like social networking sites, but I was reminded thatchallenge. Professor Shin’s project is described onthey are important as a means of networking in a

the University’s web page (https://www.khu.ac.kr/

more casual and straightforward manner than email

eng/news/detail.do?seq=1005468).

addresses. I thought that SNS would be essential asa business tool to maintain visibility to community

2. Taiwan Nurses Association
The conference was co-hosted by the Taiwan
Nurses Association (TWNA) and the Asia American /members and researchers in other countries. I
would like to utilize it proactively without fear.

日本地域看護学会誌

Vol.26 No.1, 2023

The 26th Annual Research Conference of JACHN
Main Theme：Examining the Current Status of “Community-based Comprehensive Care Created by Everyone”
Date：September 2-3, 2023
Venue：Kawasaki City College of Nursing
Chairperson：Mikako Arakida（Professor of Kawasaki City College of Nursing）
Program：◆Chairperson’s speech: Mikako Arakida◆Educational lecture ◆Symposium ◆Appointed workshop ◆Poster session ◆Workshop ◆Open lecture
Website：https://jachn26.yupia.net/index.html

7th International Conference of the Global Network of Public Health Nursing
Main Theme：Building Resilience and Innovative Solutions: Amplifying Impact and Advancing Positive Global Public
Health Change
Date：July 2025
Venue：Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Chairperson：Dr. Aliyah Dosani (Mount Royal University) and Dr. Zahra Shajani (the University of Calgary)Website：https://www.gnphn.com/7th-international-gnphn-conference-calgary/
Program：◆ Leveraging partnerships to tackle global health security◆ Healthy recovery after COVID-19◆ Global leadership on public health science and data
◆ Climates and Environmental Change◆ And many more interesting lines of inquiry that will be confirmed shortly

Publisher: International Exchange Promotion Committee

Secretariat of JACHN:

Kaoru Konishi (Osaka University), Reiko Okamoto (Osaka University),

Ozawa-building 2F, 4-1-1, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo

Takashi Naruse（Sompo Institute Plus Inc. ）,162-0825, Japan

Yuko Fujimoto (Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences),

TEL: +81-(0)3-5206-7431 FAX: +81-(0)3-5206-7757

Natsuki Yamamoto (Keio University)

E-mail:office@jachn.net

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