KEIDANREN’s
Commitment toa Low Carbon Society

January 17, 2013
KEIDANREN

【Table of Contents】

Ⅰ. The Importance of Proactive Measures toAddress Climate Change

1

1. Accomplishments of the Voluntary Action Plan

1

2. Promoting the Commitment to a Low Carbon Society

2

Ⅱ．Industries and Companies Participating to Keidanren'sCommitment to a Low Carbon Society

10

Ⅲ．Participating Industries and Companies'
Commitment to a Low Carbon Society

13

Ⅳ．Evaluation Committee Report on
Keidanren’s Commitment to a Low Carbon Society

63

Ⅴ．Keidanren's Commitment to a Low Carbon Society78

I. The Importance of Proactive Measures to Address Climate Change
1. Accomplishments of the Voluntary Action Plan
(1) Combating climate change constitutes a global-scale challenge demanding
exhaustive efforts from a long-range perspective by all interested groups in every
nation.
Japanese industry possesses an array of world-leading energy-conservation andlow-carbon technologies and is expected to actively contribute with those technologies
to the achievement of a target shared by the international community at large: namely,
cutting global greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2050.
(2) Prior to adoption of the Kyoto Protocol, in June 1997 Keidanren formulated a
Voluntary Action Plan on the Environment under which it has demonstrated
numerous accomplishments in the areas of energy conservation and CO2 emission
reduction.1
Among those accomplishments in the interim that warrant special mention, the plan
has fostered a change of awareness within the business community regarding theseriousness of climate change, encouraged the development and widespread
penetration of many new technologies, 2 and contributed as well to efforts ininnovation.
(3) Participating industries have made their best efforts to achieve the targets they set
for themselves. Some that can see that their current targets are within reach haveeven gone as far as setting higher targets and searching for additional ways to reduce
emissions. Some industries have even begun complementing these efforts with theuse of carbon credits domestically and overseas in the interest of ensuring that theirtargets will be met.
Keidanren has endeavoured to ensure the implementation viability and transparencyof its Voluntary Action Plan through far-reaching applications of the PDCA cycle. 3
1

As an outcome of sweeping improvements in energy efficiency and despite a modest increasein production activity, in fiscal 2011 total CO2 emissions by 34 industries in the industrial andenergy-conversion sectors were down 10.1 percent compared to fiscal 1990 levels. In thebaseline year of fiscal 1990, CO2 emissions by these 34 industries accounted for approximately
44 percent of total CO2 emissions in Japan and 83 percent of the total for the industrial andenergy-conversion sectors. (For further information, see
http://www.keidanren.or.jp/policy/2012/084.html.)
2
These include the development and widespread implementation of coke dry quenching (CDQ)
technologies, hybrid construction machinery, cogeneration, heat-pump facilities, andcombined-cycle generation (a configuration using gas and steam turbines together).
3This includes public disclosure in the form of annual progress reports, and assessments and1(4) Thanks largely to such efforts, Japan’s key industrial sectors have achieved
levels of energy efficiency among the highest in the world. Furthermore, theKeidanren Voluntary Action Plan has been assigned importance as a key foundation
for industry-led countermeasures under the Cabinet-approved Kyoto Protocol Target
Achievement Plan.4

2. Promoting the Commitment to a Low Carbon Society(1) The Voluntary Action Plan has proved resoundingly successful in encouraging
industry-led reductions of CO2 emissions within Japan. As one result of this progress,
the domestic manufacturing sector in particular now has only marginal room left to
reduce emissions further in the years ahead. Conversely, emissions by the residential
and other sectors have been on an uptrend5 and steps to reduce emissions in those
sectors will present a significant challenge to the future pursuit of domestic measuresagainst climate change.
Overseas, CO2 emission levels have demonstrated sharp growth particularly withinemerging economies. Transferring to other countries the excellent technologies
Japan now has at its command will be vitally important to the goal of reducing
emissions on a global scale.
Achieving the international community’s target of cutting global CO2 emissions inhalf by the year 2050 will not be possible with technologies currently available. That
prospect demands that efforts be accelerated to develop new and innovativetechnologies that will set the stage for a breakthrough.
In light of these concerns, the Japanese business community will be expected tocontinue making all-out efforts to reduce emissions domestically in the years ahead,verifications by the Evaluation Committee. In addition, follow-up is conducted by a government
council every year.
4
The (revised) Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan (approved by the Cabinet on 28 March
2008) contains the following statements: The Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan on theEnvironment is “playing a central role in countermeasures in the industrial community. The
advantages of a voluntary instrument include the ease of selection of superior countermeasuresfor each actor based on its originality and ingenuity, the likelihood of providing incentives topursue aggressive targets, and no procedural costs for both the Government and implementing
actors. It is expected that these advantages will be further exploited in voluntary action plans bybusiness operators.”
5
According to Japan's National Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Fiscal Year 2011 (Preliminary
Figures) published by the Ministry of the Environment, CO2 emissions by the “residential” and“commercial and other” sectors in fiscal 2011 rose 48 percent and 51 percent, respectively,
compared to fiscal 1990.
2

step up foreign technology transfers and efforts to develop innovative newtechnologies, and contribute to the reduction of global CO2 emissions from along-range perspective.
(2) The Japanese government has indicated it will not be participating in the second
commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (2013–20) but instead will set its own
medium-range targets and pursue its own measures to address climate change.6
The Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan on the Environment is scheduled to conclude
at the end of fiscal 2012, with the close of the first commitment period of the Kyoto
Protocol. The Japanese business community, however, will need to maintain theirresolve from fiscal 2013 onwards and step up their independent and proactive efforts
to address climate change utilising a “pledge and review” system.
(3) In that undertaking, it will be necessary to show fresh progress while retaining
the positive features of the Voluntary Action Plan. Announced in December 2009,
Keidanren’s Commitment to a Low Carbon Society was the plan conceived withthese points in mind. Responding to Keidanren’s call to action, many industrial
sectors and companies have drawn up action plans of their own or announced theirintentions to participate.
The Commitment has the following features.
i. Four key pillars oriented towards halving global greenhouse gas emissions by
the year 2050 (Reference 1)
Keidanren’s Commitment to a Low Carbon Society declares that, as a shared vision,
the Japanese business community harnesses its technological prowess and assumes
an instrumental role in the drive to halve global greenhouse gas emissions by theyear 2050.
To this end, participating industries pledge to provide society with world-leading
low carbon technologies while maintaining and/or improving their own levels of

6

The Copenhagen Accord that inspired elements of the agreements at COP 16 (2010)
incorporates a “pledge and review” system under which each participating country voluntarily
submits and commits itself to its own emission reduction targets and action plan (pledge) andprogress towards those targets is assessed internationally (review). This system has theparticipation of China, the US, and other countries that together account for over 80 percent of
total global emissions. Each participating country has submitted reduction targets and actionplans to the United Nations. This constitutes a much higher coverage rate compared to that
represented by the countries participating in the second commitment period of the top-down
approach-based Kyoto Protocol (approximately 15 percent of total global emissions).
3

energy efficiency and formulate action plans based on the following four pillars: (a)the establishment of CO2 reduction targets for domestic business operations for theyear 2020; (b) strengthened co-operation with consumers, customers, and otherinterested groups; (c) contributions on the international level, including thepromotion of technology transfers to developing countries; and (d) the developmentof innovative technologies.
ii. Establishment of two categories of reduction benchmarks
Under the Commitment to a Low Carbon Society, two types of action benchmarks
for the reduction of CO2 emission are developed and utilised by participating
industries to achieve their respective targets.
(a) Reduction targets
Participating industries establish CO2 reduction targets for domestic business
operations for the year 2020 that assume the best available technologies (BATs) are
fully harnessed. As a commitment to society, participating industries makemaximum efforts to ensure the achievement of their respective targets. Furthermore,study will be devoted to supplementary measures in the event defined targets areunlikely to be met.
Reduction targets are constantly reviewed in order for participating industries to takeappropriate measures, such as raising reduction targets, in the event technologicaladvances facilitate the adoption of updated BATs.
Additionally, reviews are conducted regarding comprehensive targets set under
Keidanren’s Commitment to a Low Carbon Society.
(b) Reduction potential
The reduction potential available through strengthened co-operation with otherinterested groups, through contributions on the international level, and through thedevelopment of innovative technologies has been quantified where possible forcertain hypothetical scenarios. Although consumer and customer preferences, trends
in developing countries, and various other factors do not always allow corporations
to realise their reduction potential solely through their own efforts, businesses cancontribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions on a global scale throughtheir own operations by focusing their energy on winning maximum acceptance of
their products, services, and technologies from consumers and customers in Japanand abroad.
4

iii. Reinforcement of the PDCA cycle (Reference 2)(a) To improve the transparency and credibility of action plans, Keidanren adopts aneven-more extensive PDCA cycle.
Plan: Have the Evaluation Committee perform assessments and verifications ofaction plans for individual participating industries from the reduction target setting
stage.
Do: At the implementation stage for a given participating industry’s action plan,
improve information disclosure, for example, by placing reports of implementation
progress on the websites of Keidanren and the industrial sector concerned.
Additionally, link Keidanren’s Commitment to a Low Carbon Society page toparticipating industries’ websites.
Check: In the interest of facilitating assessments and verifications that incorporate abroader diversity of perspectives, increase the number of members on the Evaluation
Committee. (Expand the committee from its current seven members to ten members
by adding new members from the media, nongovernmental organisations, and labour
unions.) The Evaluation Committee assesses and verifies the progress of individual
participating industries with their respective action plans and releases its findings inannual reports.
Act: Individual participating industries take the findings of the Evaluation
Committee assessments and verifications into account and revise their respective
action plans as necessary. In the event a participating industry is capable of adopting
new BATs or appears likely to surpass its initial reduction targets, it will explore thepossibility of raising its targeted reduction levels. (Improve the actual breadth anddepth of reduction targets rather than trading the surplus.)(b) In the interim fiscal year 2016, subject action plans to sweeping reviews withattention to accomplishments of efforts made during the period from fiscal 2013 to2015.

Since the Great East Japan Earthquake, Japanese government policies on energy andthe environment have lacked clarity and consistency. By contrast, the Japanesebusiness community will not stand idle; from fiscal 2013 forward it will assume theinitiative in finding solutions to the issues of climate change through its own actionplans.
5

It is anticipated the Japanese government will at some point in the future formulate a
new set of policies on climate change to supersede the Kyoto Protocol Target
Achievement Plan. However, in addition to treating the Commitment to a Low
Carbon Society as a foundation for those policies, and to facilitate industry efforts inthis area, the government is called to pursue bold new initiatives in regulatory reform,
expand tax incentives for research and development, and move forward with theformation of bilateral offset mechanisms.
Through the promotion of a highly transparent and credible PDCA cycle, Keidanren
is determined to ensure that the Japanese business community reliably implements
action plans and to lead the world in finding solutions to the problem of climatechange.

6Reference 1: Four Pillars of Keidanren’s Commitment to a Low Carbon Society(a) Establishment of reduction targets for domestic business operations up to
the year 2020
Participating industries set CO2 reduction targets for the year 2020 on theunderstanding that they are to make the utmost effort to implement BATs whenbuilding or updating facilities and infrastructure for their manufacturing operations,
offices, logistics, services, and other aspects of their business operations.
For example, from the perspective of efficiently harnessing energy generated during
their manufacturing stages, companies in the chemical and petrochemical sectors are
expected to improve their energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions by having
their key processes (ethylene plants, caustic soda production facilities, and steam
generation equipment) adopt as fully as possible a range of cutting-edge
technologies7 already in use on a commercial scale. Companies in the steel industry,
moreover, are expected to adopt next-generation coke-making technology and othercommercially viable cutting-edge technologies when updating their manufacturing
facilities. Additionally, in the interest of fully utilising available energy sources witha minimum of waste, members of the cement industry are expected to widely adopt
energy-saving technologies and facilities for improved heat recovery and reductions
in electricity consumption as well as expand their use of industrial waste products asalternative sources of energy.
As another example of energy use with relatively low CO2 emissions, the paper andpulp industry is expected to shift to the use of biomass energy sources and expand its
utilisation of scrap wood and other industrial waste products.
(b) Strengthened co-operation with consumers, customers, and other interested
groupsParticipating industries strengthen their ties of co-operation with a variety of otherinterested groups, including consumers, customers, employees, and local residents.
In particular, they strive to develop and commercialise new products and services
boasting the world’s highest levels of energy efficiency and accordingly contributeto energy conservation and CO2 emission reductions throughout product life cycles.

7

Regarding BATs and best practice technologies (BPTs), the International Energy Agency (IEA)
and other institutions present world-leading technologies and levels of reduction potential asmeasured on the basis of international comparisons. (Example: IEA, Energy Technology
Transitions for Industry, 2009.)
7

For example, they are expected to do their utmost to expand the market penetrationof energy-saving appliances, household fuel cells, fuel-efficient automobiles, andnext-generation vehicles as well as develop and promote the widespread acceptanceof highly insulated homes and other products with a low carbon footprint.
Furthermore, they spearhead the development of highly functional materials andcomponents that can give new products higher levels of energy efficiency (forexample, LED and solar cell materials and insulation materials for buildings).
Additional undertakings of importance that can be expected to generate synergistic
benefits with other industries include the development of new tires with lower
rolling resistance and a transition from asphalt- to concrete-paved roadways.
Undertakings of this kind facilitate sweeping reductions in CO2 emissions overentire product life cycles, including the utilisation or consumption stages, andcontribute immensely to the creation of a low carbon society.
(c) Contributions on the international level
In the context of their business operations, participating industries, acting in linewith international rules, proactively transfer advanced Japanese technologies andexpertise to those developing countries that show an interest and thus contribute to
CO2 emission reductions outside Japan.
Given that China, India, and other emerging economies rely heavily on coal-fired
power generation and have expanding steel and cement industries, participating
industries harness bilateral offset mechanisms and other schemes to actively
introduce and expand their energy-saving technologies for steel and cement
production facilities abroad as well as participate in the Global Superior Energy
Performance Partnership (GSEP)8 and a variety of other international frameworks
for the provision of support to developing countries.

8

This is an international forum through which government officials and business communities
from participating countries, in their roles as members of sector-specific working groups, put
together technology and expertise transfers and other forms of assistance for emerging anddeveloping economies. By assuming the initiative as the lead country for the working groups on
steel, electricity, and cement, Japan expects to bring about outstanding reductions in greenhousegas emissions.
8(d) Development of innovative technologies
Participating industries are expected to utilise collaborative ties with academia andthe public sector and engage in medium- and long-range efforts to actively develop
and commercialise innovative new technologies.
For example, in the interest of reducing CO2 emissions from steelmaking processes
with methods employing the hydrogen-based reduction of iron ore and the separation
and recovery of CO2 in blast furnace gases, members of the steel industry are
working on an initiative called COURSE50 (CO2 ultimate reduction in steelmaking
process by innovative technology for Cool Earth 50).
Additionally, participating industries are expected to pursue research anddevelopment on clean coal technologies, next-generation power transmission anddistribution technologies, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies,
ultra-high-efficiency heat pumps, and other undertakings in technology developmentwith a focus on both the supply and demand sides of electricity systems andenvironmental conservation.

Reference 2: The PDCA Cycle for Keidanren’s Commitment to a Low Carbon
Society

The PDCA Cycle for Keidanren’s Commitment to a Low Carbon Society
Plan (At target‐setting [planformulation] stage) Participating industries set targets in line with maximum
levels they can meet by identifying BATs and related
implementation plans, making international comparison ofenergy efficiency, etc.
 Participating industries are responsible for explaining theadequacy of their targets.

Evaluation Committee Participating industries brief the committee on theirrespective action plans.
 The committee comprehensively assesses and verifies
industry action plans.
 Participating industries revise their action plans asnecessary with attention to the findings of Evaluation
Committee assessments and verification.
 When targets are more than achieved: Lift target levels
as necessary (without trading the surplus)

Do (At plan implementation
stage)
 Each industry implements its action plan.
 Participating industries explore ways to assure certainty inmeeting their targets, with consideration for the course of
debate over the UN carbon credit framework including
bilateral offset mechanisms.
 Action plans of individual industries are compiled by
Keidanren and published on its website.

Evaluation Committee
 The committee assesses and verifies progress of eachindustry’s action plan.

Act (At verification follow‐up
stage)

Check (At plan implementation
verification stage) Participating industries comply with full information disclosure, for example, by publishing the names ofparticipating companies on their respective industry websites.
 The Keidanren website contains links to the websites of industrial organisations participating in the Commitment
to a Low Carbon Society.
 The Commitment to a Low Carbon Society will undergo a sweeping review in fiscal 2016.

9Ⅱ ． Industries and Companies
Participating to Keidanren'sCommitment to a Low Carbon
Society*as of November 201310

Name of Industries and Companies

Industries
andCompanies
which haveformulated
Action Plan
(43)

【Industrial Sector】① Japan Iron and Steel Federation② Japan Chemical Industry Association③ Japan Paper Association④ Japan Electrical Manufacturers' Association, Japan Electronics andInformation Technology Industries Association, Communications andInformation network Association of Japan, Japan Business Machine andInformation System Industries Association⑤ Japan Cement Association⑥ Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) and Japan
Auto-Body Industries Association (JABIA)⑦ Japan Auto Parts Industries Association⑧ Japan Mining Industry Association⑨ Japan Federation of Construction Contractors⑩ Japan Federation of Housing Organizations(Judanren)⑪ Lime Manufacturing Association⑫ The Japan Rubber Manufacturers Association⑬ The Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufactures’ Associations ofJAPAN⑭ Japan Federation of Printing Industries⑮ Flat Glass Association⑯ The Japan Soft Drinks Association⑰ Japan Dairy Industry Association⑱ Japan Electric Wire and Cable Makers' Association⑲ Japan Petroleum Development Association⑳ Brewers Association of Japan㉑ Japan Sanitary Equipment Industry Association㉒ Flour Millers Association㉓ Japan Association of Rolling stock Industries【Energy-Conversion sector】㉔ The Federation of Electric Companies of Japan (FEPC)㉕ Petroleum Association of Japan㉖ Japan Gas Association

11

Name of Industries and Companies【Commercial Sector】㉗ Japan Chain Stores Association (JCA)㉘Telecommunications Carriers Association㉙ Japan Department Stores Association㉚ Japan Association of Refrigerated Warehouses㉛ Japanese Bankers Association㉜ The Life Insurance Association of Japan (LIAJ)㉝ Japan Foreign Trade Council㉞ The General Insurance Association of Japan㉟ Japan LP Gas Association㊱ The Real Estate Companies Association of Japan㊲ Japan Building Owners and Managers Association【Transportation Sector】㊳ The Japanese Shipowners' Association (JSA)㊴ The Scheduled Airlines Associations of Japan㊵Japan Federation of Coastal Shipping Associations㊶Non-governmental Railways Association㊷East Japan Railway Company㊸All Japan Freight Forwarders Association【Industrial Sector】① Japan Aluminum Association
Industries② Japan Bearing Industrial Association
and③ Japan Brass Makers Association
Companies
which have ④ The Shipbuilders' Association of Japan, The Cooperative Association
expressed theof Japan Shipbuilders
willof ⑤ Japan Machine Tool Builders' Association
formulating【Commercial Sector】
Action Plan
⑥ Japan Franchise Association（7）【Transportation Sector】⑦ Japan Trucking Association

12

Ⅲ．Participating Industries andCompanies' Commitment toa Low Carbon Society

13≪Industrial Sector≫ ....................................................................................................... 15
Japan Iron and Steel Federation ........................................................................................... 16
Japan Chemical Industry Association ................................................................................... 18
Japan Paper Association...................................................................................................... 20
Electrical and Electronics Industries※ .................................................................................. 21
Japan Cement Association .................................................................................................. 23
Joint Action Plan for a Low-Carbon Society
Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association,
Inc. Japan Auto-Body Industries Association, Inc. ............................................................. 25
Japan Auto Parts Industries Association, ............................................................................... 27
Japan Mining Industry Association ...................................................................................... 28
Japan Federation of Construction Contractors ....................................................................... 29
Japan Federation of Housing Organizations .......................................................................... 30
Lime Manufacturing Association ......................................................................................... 31
Japan Rubber Manufacturers Association.............................................................................. 32
The Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufactures’ Associations of JAPAN ................................ 34
Japan Federation of Printing Industries ................................................................................. 35
Flat Glass Manufacturers Association of Japan ...................................................................... 36
Japan Soft Drink Association............................................................................................... 38
The Japan Dairy Industry Association's Low-Carbon Society Implementation Plan ................... 39
The Japanese Electric Wire & Cable Makers’ Association....................................................... 40
Japan Petroleum Development Association ........................................................................... 42
Brewers Association of Japan .............................................................................................. 43
Japan Association of Rolling stock Industries ........................................................................ 44≪Energy-Conversion Sector≫ ......................................................................................... 45
The Federation of Electric Companies of Japan ..................................................................... 46
Petroleum Association of Japan ........................................................................................... 48
The Japan Gas Association .................................................................................................. 49≪Commercial Sector≫ .................................................................................................... 50
Telecommunications Carriers Association ............................................................................. 51
Japan Department Stores Association ................................................................................... 52
The Life Insurance Association of Japan ............................................................................... 53
Japan Foreign Trade Council, Inc. ........................................................................................ 54
Japan LP Gas Association ................................................................................................... 55
The Real Estate Companies Association of Japan .................................................................. 56≪Transportation Sector≫ ............................................................................................... 58
Japan Federation of Coastal Shipping Associations ................................................................ 59
East Japan Railway Company.............................................................................................. 60
All Japan Freight Forwarders Association ............................................................................. 61
The Scheduled Airlines Association of Japan ........................................................................ 62*in preparation: Flour Millers Association, Japanese Bankers Association, Japan Building
Owners and Managers Association, The Japanese Shipowners' Association

14

≪Industrial Sector≫

15

Japan Iron and Steel Federation
Contents of the Plan

1.

Reductio

Reductiontargetindomestic
business
operations for the
year
2020

n target

The goal is a reduction of 5 million tons of CO2 emissions from BAU, which is basedon the maximum use of the latest technological advances and the steel production
volumes.(excluding reduction from improvement in electric power emission
coefficient）（ex）
・if total crude steel production in Japan is 119.66 million tons
BAU emissions at participating companies: 195.40 million tons of CO2→Total emission target at participating companies : 190.40 million tons of CO2
・if total crude steel production in Japan is 129.66 million tons
BAU emissions at participating companies: 207.51 million tons of CO2→Total emission target at participating companies : 202.51million tons of CO2
・if total crude steel production in Japan is 109.66 million tons
BAU emissions at participating companies: 183.31 million tons of CO2→Total emission target at participating companies : 178.31 million tons of CO2※BAU emissions and emission targets are an amount of the companies participatingin the voluntary action plan (90 companies)※BAU emissions are based on Voluntary Action Plan's emission factor of electricity(generating end).
※A significant change in production volume may cause these figures to become moreor less than the anticipated range. If this happens, the suitability of the BAU andemission reduction volumes will have to be re-examined based on actual
production.
※Guaranties to reach the target: We would provide security in some way to assure thereliability of the plan, though concrete way is not determined since the internationalframework and national rules of Post-Kyoto era is uncertain.

○Use advanced technologies that have reached the stage of practical use when current
facilities are updated or replaced (unit of figures are tons of CO2)・next generation coke production technology
about 0.9 million
Basis of ・higher efficiency for joint thermal and internal power generation :about 1.1 million
the target ・more energy-conserving equipments and higher efficiency for equipment powered byelectricity : about 1 million
above・more chemical recycling of waste plastics and other materials at steel mills : about 2
million※ To use waste plastics, actions to recover and utilize them by the public sector are
vital.

2.
Strengthened ○For the five steel products for which quantitative data are available (FY 2011
production 9.14 million tons, 8.6% of Japan's total crude steel output), the uses ofcooperationwiththe finished products made of high-performance steel reduce FY2011 CO2 emissions
otherinterested
by 22.08 million tons of CO2.
groups○CO2 reduction from the use of finished products in FY 2020 will be estimated about(life cycle effect as33.45 million tons of CO2.
of 2020)(Source: The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan)

16

3. Contributions on
theinternational
level○Major energy-conserving technologies developed and applied by the Japanese steel
industry have been transferred to other countries by Japanese companies, and these(effect
throughtechnologies have reduced about 43 million tons of CO2 emissions in FY 2011.
transferring○The potential for reducing CO2 emissions through major energy-conserving
advanced Japanesetechnologies, based on the current share, supply capacities of Japanese companies
technologies
andand other factors, Japan's contribution in 2020 is estimated about 70 million tons.
expertise abroad asof 2020)

4. Development ofinnovativetechnologies(in the medium- tolong- terms)○COURSE50 :Ultimate CO2 Reduction process in Steelmaking by Innovativetechnology for cool Earth 50
・The goal is to reduce total CO2 emissions by about 30% by using hydrogen to
reduce iron ore and collecting CO2 from blast furnace gas.
・The first practical system is to start operating by about 2030. All blast furnaces areto be switched to this technology by 2050 as blast furnace facilities are updated
and replaced.
※Assumes establishment of economic basis for CO2 storage infrastructure andcreation of a practical unit using these processes.
○Development of innovative ironmaking process
・Partial replacement of conventional coke to “ferrocoke”(alternative reducing agent
made by carbonizing green briquettes of mixtures of low grade coal and low
grade iron ore) could decrease reducing agent ratio of a blast furnace andcontribute to energy saving and CO2 emission mitigation (39 thousands kilo
litters oil equivalent for a blast furnace could be conserved annually).
･ Aim to introduce 5 furnaces at 2030 at maximum.
※On the assumption that energy infrastructure such as LNG supply lines isseparately equipped to the steel mills (especially to the steel mills with large blast
furnaces) for the process installation.

17

Japan Chemical Industry Association
Contents of the Plan
The goal is a reduction of 1.5 million tons of CO2 emissions
from BAU as of 2020.(excluding reduction from
improvement in electric power emission coefficient）■BAU set by energy consumption based on production
forecast(Kiloliters of crude oil equivalent(Oe):29million KLOe)
Actual results of FY2005
Petrochemical products：
13.75

Reduction
target1.Reduction
target indomestic

BAU of FY 2020
12.86

Soda products：

1.32

1.32

Chemical fibers：

1.96

1.41

Ammonia products：

0. 65

0. 63

Functinal products:
Others：

5.17
6.21

6.57
6.21

□Effect of production index on reduction target：if production
index of each sector eqally ranges by 10%
Production index of FY2020：

90

business

BAU emissions（million tons-CO2）

60.55

operation

Total emissions target

59.20

65.78

72.36

Reduction target

1.35

1.50

1.65

for the

100
67.28

110
74.01

○Energy efficiency for Japanese chemical industry has
already reached the highest level in the world and has lessreduction potential.However,chemical industry will make aneffort to
improve more energy efficiency by dissemination of
BPT(Best Practice Technologies).
Basis of the○Amount of reduction potential of energy used by concretetarget above
installation of advanced technologies by 2020（KLOe）：
0.666millionKL Oe(for 1.5million tons-CO2）・Energy-saving process technologies for ethylene crackers
0.151millionKLOe
・ Energy-saving process technologies for other chemical
products
0.515millionKLOe○The avoided CO2 emissions were calculated through the entire
life cycle from the extraction,through manufacturing,
distribution, and product use , to disposal( With 2020 used as
the year of analysis, the avoided CO2 emissions were evaluatedwhen the products manufactured during the year under analysis
2.Strengthened cooperation
were used until the end of their life.)◆Totalavoided emissions for 8 chemical products:
with
other
interested
112(million tons-CO2)
groups(life cycle effect as of ・Materials for solar power generation：8.98(million tons-CO2)
・CFRP wind turbine power generation：8.54(million tons-CO2)
2020)
・CFRP vehicle：0.08(million tons-CO2)
・CFRP aircraft：1.22(million tons-CO2)
・LED-related materials：7.45(million tons-CO2)・ Thermal insulation materials for building construction ：76(million tons-CO2)
year 202018

3.Contribution

on

the

international

level(effectthrough transferring advanced
Japanesetechnologies

andproducts and expertise abroad
as of 2020)

・Hall-effect device/IC for DC motors：6,400(million tons-CO2)
・Piping materials：3.30(million tons-CO2)○Manufacturing technologies
・Manufacturing technologies for polycarbonate using CO2 asa raw material・State-of-the-art manufacturing equipment for telephthalicacid・ Manufacturing technologies for acrylamide that use
biotechnologies
・Caustic soda manufacturing equipment that reduces power
during electrolysis through the use of an ion exchange
membrane○Unprocessed materials/products
・Seawater desalination technology using reverse osmosis
membranes
・Control devices for the DC motors for air conditioners○Treatment for making three alternatives to Freon harmless
Reduction in the emissions of three alternatives to Freonthrough the installation of exhaust gas combustion
equipment○Innovative process developmentof ・Development of innovative processes for naphtha catalytic
cracking
innovative
・Development of distillation and separation technology using
technologies(in the mediumprecision separation membranes,etc.
○Development of processes for manufacturing chemical
toproducts that do not use fossil resources
long-terms)○Development of high-performance materials that contributeto reduce GHG emissions in terms of LCA
4.Development

19

Japan Paper Association
Contents of the Plan
1.

Reduction

Reduction

targettargetReduce CO2 emissions by 1.39 million tons-CO2 to 21.04 million tons-CO2
from BAU emissions (22.43 million tons-CO2).
 BAU emissions is calculated based on annual paper and paperboard
production of 28.13 million tons.
 Improvement in electric power emission coefficient is not calculated in
the reduction target.

indomestic
businessBasisof
the target
for
the
above
year 2020
operations

The Action Plan identifies the following three as core measures for emission
reduction:
1. Higher efficiency for recovered paper pulping unit
2. Advanced technology for using waste wood and wastes as energy.
3. High temperature and pressure recovery boiler
No figures for reduction effects of each measures.
Reduction volume can be increased if fuel conversion from fossil fuel tobiomass fuel, which has larger reduction effect, progresses further.
The Action Plan sets the target of expanding forest plantation area owned or

2.
Strengthened
cooperation with other managed by JPA member companies at home and abroad by 525 thousand
interested groups
hectares from the fiscal 1990 level to 800 thousand hectares by fiscal 2020,(life cycle effect as of2020)

increasing carbon sequestration in forest plantation to 149 million ton-CO2,
a 112 million ton-CO2 increase (3.7 million ton-CO2 per year) from fiscal
1990.

3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect through transferring
advanced
Japanesetechnologies and expertiseabroad as of 2020)

4.

Development

of





Technology for using waste wood and wastes as energy.
Conversion of organic component in effluent to fuel.
Bioethanol production from organic component in effluent.

innovative technologies(in the medium- to longterms)

20Electrical and Electronics Industries
Contents of the Plan
Reduction
1. Reduction target
targetindomestic
Reduction target
Reduce energy unit consumption by an annual average of at least 1%
Judgment standard
7.73% or more reduce in FY 2020 (Compared to FY 2012)
Commitment
A participating company declares achievement of a target beforehand

Maintenance of the current status – energy unit
consumption
The current status of unit consumption (GHG emissions/sales
operations
amount) is maintaining the top level compared with other foreign
for the year Basis of the companies in the same trade. Furthermore, an improvement of energy
target above unit consumption will be advanced.
2020
Promoting Energy Efficient Manufacturing
Further promotion of energy management which utilized ICT
technologies and enhanced the quality improvement / innovative
production process.

businessDevelopment of Quantification methodology of GHG
emission reductions from baseline for EE products and systems
Although EE products consume energy, the EE industry is enablingother sectors to reduce larger amounts of GHG emission. Currently
the claims for such GHG reduction are carried out mainly on
2. Strengthened cooperation voluntary basis.
with other interested groups - About the following product category, to develop the Quantification
methodology of the GHG emission reductions from baseline which(life cycle effect as of 2020) consideration of transparency and consistency.
-- Power generation system / Renewable energy-- Household appliances-- ICT equipments, and ICT services
 Disclose the actual value of annual GHG emission reductions
based on the developed quantification methodologyInternational Co-operation to Reduce GHG emissions
To promote the global adoption of energy efficient products, Japan
3. Contributions on theand many other countries have proposed evaluation and measuring
international level
methods for energy efficiency in international markets.
(effect through transferring-- IPEEC/SEAD (Super-efficient Equipment and Applianceadvanced
Japanese Deployment)-- IEA Implementing Agreement - Efficient Electrical End-Use
technologies and expertise
Equipment
abroad as of 2020)-- International Standardization (IEC, ITU-T, ISO)-- Evaluation and measuring methods for energy efficiency for※

Liaison Group of Japanese Electrical and Electronics Industries for Global Warming Prevention- The Japan Electrical Manufacturers’ Association / Japan Electronics and Information Technology
Industries Association / Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association /Communications and Information Network Association of Japan / Association for Electric Home
Appliances / The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association / Japan Electric Lamp
Manufacturers Association / Japan Luminaires Association

21

EE
products and system-- Quantification methodology of GHG emission reductions frombaseline for EE products and systems-- Energy-saving cooperation in Asian countriesFacilitate incorporation of a GHG related target into designand development strategy of EE products and services by IEA
Energy Technology Perspectives

Creating Products and Services to Build a Low-Carbon
SocietyThrough technological innovation, we are working to reduce the4.
Developmentof GHG emissions of our global base by promoting the adoption ofenergy efficient products, and converting to energy saving
innovative technologies
technologies.
e.g.
(in the medium- to long- -- Combined-cycle electricity generation systems (IGCC, Further
combination with SOFC)
terms)-Photovoltaic power generation (Promotion of R&D,
Deployment and Commercialization)-- Creation of low-Carbon Society which utilized ICT technology(Smart Grid, Smart city, BEMS/HEMS・・・etc)

22

Japan Cement Association
Contents of the Plan

targetReduce 56,000 kiloliters of crude oil (*1) compared to overall energy
consumption (*2) to produce 56.21 million tons of cement in FY 2020
estimated from FY 2010 levels.
(*1) The conversion factor of 1PJ is 25,800 kiloliters of crude oil subject
to “Act on the Rational Use of Energy”.
(*2) [Overall energy consumption to produce cement] =[Thermal energy consumption to produce cement (*)] + [Thermal energy
consumption for on-site power generation (*)] + [Electrical power energy
imported from the grid](*) Alternative fuels is excluded

Basis ofthe target
above(1) Improve the energy efficiency by installing and diffusing energy
conservation equipments/technologies. (Reduction of energy
consumption converted into crude oil will be 7,000kiloliters.)(2) Reduce the thermal energy consumption by increasing alternative fuels.
(Reduction of energy consumption converted into crude oil will be
39,000kiloliters).

1.
Reduction
target in

Reduction

domestic
business
operations
for theyear 2020

2.
Strengthened
cooperation
with
other
interested
groups(life cycle effect as of
2020)＜CO2 emissions reduction from an improvement of mileage for heavy
vehicles to drive on concrete paved road＞
Fuel consumption for heavy vehicle is conserved when driving on aconcrete paved road compared to asphalt since the rolling resistance oftires on the concrete paved road becomes smaller. This fuel conservation
results in CO2 emissions reduction in a transport sector.
According to a research performed by Japan Cement Association, theheavy vehicle to drive on the concrete paved road requires 95.4 to 99.2%
of fuel consumption to drive for the same distance on the asphalt paved
road. From this result, CO2 emissions are reduced from1.14 to 6.56kg
compared to the level on asphalt when a truck with a load capacity of 11
tons is driven for 100 km on the concrete paved road.
Though CO2 emissions reduction per vehicle is very small, the reduction
would be continuously accumulated.
＜Contribution to the recycling-based society＞
The cement industry in Japan has actively utilized many types of wastes
and by-products from other industries and plants to produce cement (*3).
This activity makes a considerable contribution to prolonging of a life of
final landfill site.
(*3) 27.073 million tons of wastes and by-products were used for cement
production in FY2011 as alternative fuels and raw materials.

23

In order to reduce a global energy consumption to produce cement,
3. Contributions on statistical and technical information on energy consumption, diffusion of
the international level energy conservation technologies (equipments) and use of alternative fuels(effect throughhas been provided through the website of Japan Cement Association ortransferring advanced
dialogs in the international partnership.
Japanese technologies
Also, the amount of wastes and by-products for cement production inand expertise abroad asJapan has been published to contribute to an establishment of theof 2020)
recycling-based society globally.

4.

Developmentofinnovativetechnologies(in the medium- tolong- terms)

24

Joint Action Plan for a Low-Carbon Society
Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc. (JAMA)
Japan Auto-Body Industries Association, Inc. (JABIA)
Contents of the Plan

Reduction
target1.
Reduction
target2020 target for combined total volume of CO2 emissions:7.09 million tons (a 28% reduction from the 1990 level)(1-3)(1)
The scope of CO2 emissions reduction activities has been expanded
to include offices and laboratories in addition to automobile,
motorcycle and parts production lines, as well as facilities wherecommercial vehicles are customized.
(2)
Based on current electric-power supply parameters.
(3)
The target reduction rate may be revised to an even higher level (asin the case of initiatives taken independently in the past) on thebasis and in consideration of future developments.

inAccording to our projections, the scale of the industry in 2020 will besimilar to the fiscal 2007 level (i.e., a production volume of 11.7
million passenger cars, trucks and buses), prior to the onset of thebusiness
global financial crisis in 2008.
In 2005, the business-as-usual (BAU) forecast for 2020 was 8.74
operations
million tons of CO2 emissions.(1) We are projecting reductions as aresult of a) future energy conservation initiatives (for a decline offorthethe electric powerBasisof 830,000 tons-CO2) and b) improve- ments inyear 2020
coefficient (for a decline of 820,000 tons-CO2).(2)the target (1)This calculation takes into account a 300,000-ton increase in CO2
above
emissions owing to expanded production of alternative
energy-powered vehicles (mostly hybrid electric vehicles),assuming an 18% adoption rate of the use of those vehicles.
(2)
If projections based on anticipated power-supply parameters(currently, a reduction from 42,300 tons-CO2/10,000kWh in fiscal
2005 to 33,000 tons-CO2/10,000kWh in fiscal 2020) are revised, it
will be necessary to amend the JAMA-JABIA target value for2020 accordingly.
 The reduction in automobile-emitted CO2 by 2020 as a result of
increased vehicle fuel efficiency and the wider use of alternative
energy-powered vehicles is estimated* at 6 to 10 million tons.

domestic*JAMA estimate

2.
Strengthened
cooperation with otherinterested groups(life cycle effect as of
2020)

-

For significant reductions in CO2 emissions in the transport
sector, the integrated approach to such reduction must be
adopted, targeting improved fuel efficiency, smoother traffic
flow, diversified fuel/energy supply and more efficient motor
vehicle use, and involving all the stakeholders concerned
including automobile manufacturers, the government, fuel/energy
suppliers, and vehicle users. Furthermore, to encourage thewider use of alternative energy-powered vehicles, those vehicles’
development must be advanced by the automobile manufacturers
and purchasing/use incentive measures must be implemented by
the government.

25



-

Potential reductions in automobile-emitted CO2 by 2020 as aresult of the expanded use (overseas) of alternative
energy-powered vehicles:
Assuming that the global vehicle market in 2020 (75 million new
passenger cars sold) has the same 18% ratio of hybrid electricvehicles as Japan’s domestic market, the potential for CO2
emissions reductions worldwide is 70 million tons.* JAMA
member manufacturers’ share in that total reduction volume isestimated at 17 million tons.

3. Contributions on theinternational level*Based on the 2050 model established by Japan’s Institute of Energy(effect
through
Economics
transferring advanced
Japanese technologies  Potential reductions in CO2 emissions at JAMA members’
overseas production facilities:
and expertise abroad as - All JAMA member companies will implement the same energy
of 2020)
conservation initiatives at their overseas production facilities as
they do at their Japan-based plants. If power consumption rates
at those overseas facilities are reduced by 15% (calculated on thebasis of individual company statements) compared to 2005, a
CO2 emissions reduction of 1.95 million tons at those facilities isanticipated (calculated on the basis of Mizuho Corporate Bank’s
global production volume projections [in units] and JAMA
member manufacturers’ overseas production data).

4.

Developmentofinnovative technologies

Maximum efforts will be made to increase automotive fuel efficiency
and advance the development and diffusion of alternative(in the medium- to long- energy-powered motor vehicles.

terms)

26

Japan Auto Parts Industries Association
Contents of the Plan

Targetlevel

Improvement of CO2 emissions intensity in 2020, with anaverage annual reduction rate of 1 %.

1.
2020
Reduction
target in theactivities ofBasis ofdomestic
the target
membersettingcompanies

The scale and structure of automobile parts industry in the year
2020 are predicted to change to a great extent due to the progressof technologies for next-generation vehicles as well as the
expansion of manufacturing and marketing in emerging
economies and developing countries. We are recognizing the roleof the automobile parts industry is to implement coexistence ofeconomic growth and the reduction of environmental impact. In
order to make the maximum reduction effort as the industry, we
set the target in terms of CO2 emissions intensity by continuing
the energy saving effort from the past.
《Reduction in the whole supply chain》
The automobile parts industry of Japan consists of an entire
scale of approximately 7,500 and has a large industrial
structure when including merchandise resources clients.
Hereafter by steadily handing down energy-saving technology
2. Reinforcement of the and management know-how accumulated in our industrial
cooperation among the activities, we will promote the reduction from a perspective oflife cycle.
main constituent(Reduction as of 2020
with the spread of
low-carbon products andservices)《Contribution to improvement of automobile fuel economy》
For fuel economy improvement by vehicle manufacturers,
working together with them as parts manufacturers, we willcontribute to the reduction of environmental impact byenhancing performance and efficiency of parts and components,
by developing new systems and new materials, and further bypromoting “MIERU-KA” meaning proactive information
communization through visualization with the utilization of life
cycle assessment methodology.
・ When establishing automobile parts companies in emerging
3. Promotion of thecountries, we will endeavor to achieve further improvement
internationalof energy efficiency, with the introduction of thecontribution
state-of-the-art production engineering and facilities.
(Overseasemissions
reduction as of 2020 with ・ Through technology exchanges and personnel exchanges,
internationally we will disseminate the energy-saving
the spread of energy-saving
technologies and the management know-how which havetechnologies)
been nurtured in the automobile parts industry.
・ We will steadily promote the application and expansion of
innovative CO2 reduction technologies.
・ High efficiency burners, high efficiency combustion
4.
Developmentof systems
innovative technologies
・ Collection and utilization of reusable energy (use in
manufacturing process, use in factory, local use)
・ We will promote to take maximum actions towards
development and implementation of next-generation
vehicles from the standpoint of the parts manufacturers.
※ The number of companies and market size are based on the industrial statistics data of a survey in 2007.
27

Japan Mining Industry Association

Contents of the Plan
Target level ; To reduce CO2 emission (in basic unit)by 15% below
the 1990
levels by 2020(CO2 emission(t-CO2)/ Non-ferrous metal production
volume(t)).
Reduction
The premises are as follows
target・Non ferrous metal include Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe-Ni.
・Estimated production volume in 2020 is 2.73million ton(5%1.
above the 2008 level).
・Assumed Electricity Emission factor is 0.429kg-CO2/kWh
Reduction
Given Business Environment
target in・Facing tough global competition in securing non -ferrous metal
resources.
domestic
・Grade of ore is dwindling yearly (Dwindled by more than 10% by2020).
business・Energy consumption increases as more recycling of non-ferrous
operations
metals is conducted in improving our own self-sufficient rate.
Basisof Target Settingforthethe target ・ Basic policy is an introduction of the latest technologicalyear 2020 above
advances as much as possible in the period of facility replacement.
・The 0.9% of annual reduction is targeted from 2013,against the
track record of 0.7% for the 10years between 1999 and 2009.
・Contribution of zero-emission power generation such as geothermal
power generation is taken into consideration.
・Our target is equal to 14% reduce in compared to 2020BAU.
・In the current LCA evaluation of copper, the domestic data shows
3.7 t-CO2/t , against 4.5 t-CO2/t/ by ICMM.
・Contribution to expanding zero-emission power sources by the2.
Strengthened development of geothermal and hydro power generations.
cooperation with other ・Contribution to CO2 reduction by providing energy-saving products
such as hydrogen storing alloy etc.
interested groups
・Contribution to enhancing visualization of CO2 emission data by(life cycle effect as of providing data to carbon footprint system.
2020)
・Promotion of tree planting activities at abandoned mine sites.
・Promotion of green procurement.

3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect
throughtransferring advanced
Japanese technologies
and expertise abroad asof 2020)

4.

Development

・Consideration of utilising Bilateral offset credit mechanism.
・ Introduction of the latest technological advances to mines inoverseas and selected refining facilities etc.

of ・Technology development such as diversification of raw material

supply sources to improve
the self-sufficiency rate ofnon-ferrous metals.
(in the medium- to long- ・Consideration of applying hydrogen energy .

innovative technologies
terms)

28

Japan Federation of Construction Contractors
Contents of the Plan
1.

Reduction

Target during construction phase: Reduce CO2 emissions per

Reduction

targetconstruction output by 20% on fiscal 1990 levels (28,166 kg CO2/100

target inmil. yen output).

domestico Introduce low-energy lighting at work sites (temporary offices atbusiness
operations
for theBasis ofthe target
above

year 2020

construction sites).
o Improve and expand training for fuel efficient driving techniques.
o Introduce and spread fuel efficient driving techniques for heavy
fuel oil construction equipment.
o Raise the fuel efficiency of vehicles and heavy equipment.
Work together with all construction-related industries (real estate,
design, equipment, electrical utilities, town planning, etc.) to promote
the construction of buildings that can contribute to reduced CO2
emissions.
o Actively propose replacing existing buildings with newer, more

2. Strengthened
cooperation with otherinterested groups(life cycle effect as of2020)

sustainable buildings.
o Lobby regulatory bodies for public incentives, the relaxation ofregulations, and other measures, to promote the renovation ofexisting housing stock, which makes up most of existing floor
space.
o In addition to improving the environmental performance ofbuildings, actively promote holistic building renovation so thatearthquake resistance, energy efficiency, and accessibility are all
also improved. This can lead to reduced construction costs andtime and maximize the balance of building value and life cycle.

3. Contributions on the Contribute to the development of a low-carbon infrastructure.
international levelo Work toward providing packages that include both export and(effect throughconstruction as well as operation and maintenance of suchtransferring advanced
facilities as environmental facilities (water supply and sewerage,
Japanese technologies
renewable energy facilities, etc.) and public transport systems
and expertise abroad asof 2020)(subways, high-speed trains, etc.).
4. Development ofDevelop component technologies that can contribute to carbon
innovative technologies reduction; introduce a variety of new technologies into buildings in a
(in the medium- to long- holistic and efficient way to meet a variety of needs; andterms)
quantitatively evaluate building environmental performance.
29

Japan Federation of Housing Organizations (Judanren)
Contents of the Plan
1.
Reduction
target indomestic
business
operations
fortheyear 2020

Reduction targets will be established upon deliberation at Judanren’s
Environment Committee and its subcommittees (Environment
Management Subcommittee and Global Warming Countermeasures
Subcommittee) in line with reviews currently being made by thegovernment on energy-saving standards.

Reduction
targetBasisofthe target
above
Contribute to the enhancement of housing quality and living
environment by communicating with citizens on future living styles
including on the realization of a low carbon society through the National
Promotion Council for Realization of an Affluent Living Environment
set up by Judanren.

2.Strengthened
cooperation with other Promote collaboration with consumers and local communities, by
teaming up with other housing related organizations, in line withinterested groups(life cycle effect as of guidelines introduced in Judanren’s publications such as “Let’s Build

Energy-saving Homes,” “Green Housing Production Guidelines,”“Points on Building Green Homes,” and “Building Long-life Homes.”2020)

3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect through transferring
advanced
Japanesetechnologies and expertiseabroad as of 2020)

4.

Developmentofinnovative technologies(in the medium- to long-

Cooperate with the government and the private sector, release relevant
information and carry out educational activities towards the realizationof a low carbon society.
Promote the internationalization of the housing industry in this age ofglobalization by increasing communication with other countries throughvarious channels such as the International Housing Association, aninternational association comprising of ten leading housing bodies fromthe U.S., the UK, Russia and other nations.
Work positively toward such countries that are interested in housing
production and construction know-how and technologies by providingthem with low carbon, energy-saving and other green technologies,
including dispatch of experts overseas.
Help promote the enhancement of living environment for local citizens,
including promotion of reforestation, by guiding private corporations informulating their business plans.
Promote “zero-energy” homes.
(Judanren aims to realize that all new houses are “net zero-energy,
zero-emissions” houses by 2020 and, eventually, lifecycle carbon minus(LCCM) houses, houses that generate negative CO2 emissions. Judanren
plans to achieve these goals by enhancing insulation performance, use of
better high efficiency equipment, consolidated use of PV systems, fuelcells, storage batteries and home energy management systems.)

terms)
Enhance energy-saving home remodeling technologies. Also carry out astudy to assess expected results of home remodeling in terms of green
performance based on data to be collected.
30

Lime Manufacturing Association

Contents of the Plan
1.
Reduction
Reduction

targetintargetdomestic
business
operations
forthe Basisofyear 2020 the target
above

2.
Strengthened
cooperation with otherinterested groups(life cycle effect as of2020)

The reduction target is 150 thousand tons of CO2 emissions(excluding reduction from improvement in electric power emission
coefficient )＊Lime production in FY2020 is calculated at 10.77million tons. The
calculation is based both on the actual lime consumption of theiron-steelmaking industry which is the largest lime user and on theforecast of crude steel production.
＊The target of the total CO2 emissions is 3,006 thousand tons in
FY2020, that is 3,156thousand tons of BAU minus 150thousand
tons.
Adoption of the next countermeasures
・Expansion of the amount of the recycle fuel・Improvement of thermal efficiency.
・Introduction of the newest energy-saving technologies as much andfast as possible(1) For flue gas treatment of waste incineration plants, the use ofhighly reactive hydrated lime instead of normal grade one can
improve the transportation efficiency, because the weight of highly
reactive hydrated lime is smaller by some 40% than that of normal
grade one.
(2) Reduction of the CO2 emissions by a modal shift (from truck line
to marine transportation)(3) Quicklime calcined by a lime kiln with good thermal efficiency
can contribute energy-saving in the iron-steelmaking industry,
because the usual operation temperature of lime kiln is lower thanthat of a steelmaking furnace.

3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect through transferring
advanced
Japanesetechnologies and expertiseabroad as of 2020)

4.

Developmentofinnovative technologies(in the medium- to longterms)

31

Japan Rubber Manufacturers Association
Contents of the Plan

1.
Reduction

Reduction

in target

targetdomestic
business
operations
for

the

year 2020

Basisofthe target
above

2.
Strengthened
cooperation with otherinterested groups(life cycle effect as of
2020)

Having adopted the calculation method that the CO2 reduction effectby installing the CHP (combined and heat power system) or other isevaluable appropriately, the target is to reduce CO2 emissions perunit of output in fiscal year (FY) 2020 by 15% compared to FY 2005.
※The following CO2 emission factors of electric power are used.
FY 1990＝0.417 [kg-CO2/kWh]; FY 2005＝0.423;
FY 2020＝0.412 (It is same to factor of FY 2009, in which the target
above was set.)※In the method above, the CO2 emission factor of thermal power
plants whose operation is thought to be responsive to demand
fluctuations, is also used for compensation.
Maximum efforts in the production activities:･By installing and operating high-efficiency CHP, reflecting the reduction
effect appropriately, we reduce CO2 emission per unit steadily.
･By promoting the implementation of fuel conversion, the introduction ofhigh-efficiency equipment, a variety of energy-saving measures in production
activities, we promote the further reduction of CO2 emissions per unit.
Contribution for reducing CO2 emissions when a vehicle runs. (Fuel economy
improvement) :○Improvement of tyre products and other automotive parts･Improving fuel economy by the decrement of Rolling Resistance and weightsaving of tyres.
･Optimization of the tyre pressure and promotion of enlightenment activityof the eco-drive.
･By expanding sales of run-flat tyres, dispensing with spare tyres.
･Promotion of "Tyre Labeling System"･Miniaturization and weight reduction of the parts. Function improvement of
the belt for engines.
Development and supply of the parts related to energy conservation○Improvement of non-tire products･Reduction of the power which is operating industrial rubber products. (Byusing rubber belts or others with high transmission efficiency).
･Weight-saving of rubber products that are adopted to various parts. The
product improvement to adapt to the energy-saving function.
･By the development of insulation-related building materials and by the
supply of the products, we reduce electric power used for the air
conditioning system and others.
･Development and supply of the parts for energy-saving products. Such as
the films for solar cells, and others.
Efforts in each company and their factory, promotion of 3R, logistics efficiency,
and evaluation from a life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective:･Efforts of tree planting in each place. Promotion of forest management
activity.
･Development of lightweight products and long-life products. Reuse of theworn-out products. Improvement of regenerated rubber technology.
Activity of recycling to boiler fuel.
･Promotion of use of retread tyres (recapped tyres).
･Promotion of modal shift. Review of transport routes and transportation

32

3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect
throughtransferring advanced
Japanese technologies
and expertise abroad asof 2020)

4.

Developmentofinnovative technologies(in the medium- to longterms)

methods. Improvement of loading-efficiency. Introduction of low-carboncars for company use. (Such as the adoption of hybrid vehicles).
･From the viewpoint of LCA, we study a quantitative evaluation method formainly tyres. Promotion of efforts that contribute to low-carbon
throughout the supply chain.
Production and products:○Overseas transfer of energy-saving production technology. (Cogeneration
system, high-efficiency production equipment, production know-how, etc.)
Overseas production and sales expansion of energy-saving products.
(Fuel-efficient tyres, energy saving belts, heat shield effect product, etc.)○Promotion of fuel-efficient tyres by "Tyre Labeling System".
･In Japan, the system has been started ahead of the world in January, 2010.
By promoting the activities, it can become the model for foreign countries(Europe, United States, Korea, etc.) introducing the system.
Environmental activities:･ In each of the overseas offices, promoting of environment-friendly
activities. (Such as tree planting).
Efforts to continue research and development:･Development of high efficiency manufacturing process and equipment.
Research and development of the innovative material. Promotion of
low-carbon emissions of the whole supply chain of the procurement,
production, use, and disposal stage.
･Efforts of tyre (Rolling resistance reduction. Promotion of the run-flat tyres.
Weight saving)･Efforts of non-tyre (Development of high-performance products for energy
conservation. Development of the auto parts for next generation
automobiles.)･Reproduction technology of the products and the waste materials. (Such as
retreading.）

33

The Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufactures’ Associations ofJAPAN
Contents of the Plan

Reduction
target1.
Reduction
target indomestic
business
operations
fortheyear 2020 Basisofthe target
above○The goal is to reduce total CO2 emissions to 23% below the fiscal 2005 levelby fiscal 2020.
※1 CO2 emissions are related to energy use at the factories and laboratories
of participating companies.
※2 CO2 emissions are 2.23 million tons in fiscal 2005, and are expected
to be 1.72 million tons (mission targets) in fiscal 2020.
※3 The emission targets in fiscal 2020 are corresponding to the reduction of
1.15 million tons of CO2 compared to the BAU emissions in fiscal 2020,
which is estimated to be 2.87 million tons, including the reduction from
improvement in electric power emission coefficient (0.24 million tons of
CO2).
○The total production in fiscal 2020 is expected to increase by 50%
compared with the fiscal 2005 level.
1※ The future pharmaceutical market would become 1.3 times in 2015
and 1.7 times in 2025 that in 2005, due to the influence of aging, and soon. (“New pharmaceutical products industry vision”, Ministry of
Health, Labour and Welfare)※ 2 The increased pharmaceutical market would sequentially requirethat the energy demand caused by production activities be increasedin the pharmaceutical industry.
○Participating companies endeavor to improve their own levels of energy
efficiency by sharing BPT(Best Practice Technologies) and /or
implementing BAT(Best Available Technologies), whenever new
facilities are built or existing facilities are updated or replaced.
○Promotion of energy-efficient transport of pharmaceutical products, suchas Co-operated delivery
2.
Strengthened○Introductionof fuel-efficient cars for business use, and promotion ofcooperation with otherpublic transportation use in urban areas
interested groups○Promotion of sharing best practice and advanced technical information(life cycle effect as ofamong participating industry organizations and companies.

2020)○Promotion of employee education, and energy-saving activities across a
broad spectrum of sectors from business to transport to households

3. Contributions on the○Transferring the most advanced Japanese energy-saving technology andinternational level
expertise to other countries will contribute to reducing their(effect through transferring
advanced
Japanesetechnologies and expertiseabroad as of 2020)

environmental load and/or improving their energy efficiency, in thecase of overseas production and/or licensing.

4. Developmentofinnovative technologies ○Development of green sustainable chemistry technology minimizing
the use of fossil resources ( e.g. organic solvents )(in the medium- to longterms)
34

Japan Federation of Printing Industries

Contents of the Plan

1.
Reduction

Reduction

targetin target
domestic
business
operations
for

the

Current consumption level of crude oil for sales of every Yen 100
million is 21.15Kl. We aim to reduce this consumption level 1%
every year to achieve 19.13Kl in 2020, thus CO2 emission will be
reduced from 1.06 million ton in 2010 to 0.975 million ton in
2020.(reduction of 85,000 ton)
These figures are based on the estimated sales volume ofparticipating companies for the Voluntary Action Plan as 32,000
billion yen in 2020.
[Prerequisite]
In fiscal 2020, Aims to achieve the level of CO2 emissions is
assumed that.
① Sales volume in 2020 as 32,000 billion yen② Each component energy consumption ratio is the same as infiscal 2010
③ Conversion factor for each of the emission factor for electricity
and thermal energy is the same as the fiscal year 2010

year 2020
Basisofthe target
above

In order to achieve this reduction target, improvement andreplacement for air conditioning systems and power sources areplanned.
Also implement "visualization" of the energy consumption inorder to encourage efficient energy use.

2.
Strengthened • Promotion of effective utilization of bio-resources.
cooperation with other · Promote the development of high-efficiency drying equipment· Promote the development of energy-saving printing related
interested groups
materials(life cycle effect as of2020)

3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect through transferring
advanced
Japanesetechnologies and expertiseabroad as of 2020)

We promote international contribution through exchanges of
information regarding Japanese printing industries’ energy reduction
scheme in international Conferences such as World Print &Communication Forum (WPCF) and Forum of Asian Graphic Arts
Technology (FAGAT).

○ Printing facilities
Introduction of energy-saving printing facilities
4. Developmentof ① Promote the introduction of digital printing presses② Promote the introduction of the high efficiency printing presses
innovative technologies○ Development of low-temperature drying system(in the medium- to long- ○ Energy-saving drying process① use UV LED as light source
terms)② High solid ink printing③ Shallow Gravure Cylinder④ Effective use of waste heat drying
35

Flat Glass Manufacturers Association of Japan

Contents of the Plan
Reduction
target1.

■Industry size in FY 2020

Reduction
targetFY 2020 target <total weight >1.15 million tons CO2 (down 35% from FY 1990)(*)(*Including CO2 generated by manufacturing by three participatingcompanies of flat glass for buildings, automobiles, photovoltaic cells anddisplays. Assuming the CO2 conversion coefficient of electric power, will
be equal to that of FY 2010)

indomestic
businessBasisof
the target
for
the
above
year 2020
operations

Calculated from the following published demand projections
Estimating increased demand for energy saving architectural glazing
products resulting from policies, for promoting residential energy
conservation and flat glass for photovoltaic cells.
Architectural:

Reference material published by Nomura Research Institute(News Release), Housing start statistics by the Ministry ofLand, Transport, Infrastructure and Tourism, Window 25
report, Mid-and Long term Roadmap for Global Warming
Measures by the Ministry of the Environment.
Automotive:
Action plan for low carbon society, JAMA
For photovoltaic cells: NEDO PV2030
For displays:
Commitment to a Low Carbon Society, JEMA/ JEITA/CIAJ/ JBMIA■Specific CO2 emission

2.
Strengthened
cooperation with otherinterested groups(life cycle effect as of
2020)

Setting a target specific CO2 emissions lower than that of FY 2010,
assuming that improved manufacturing technology will offset increase in
specific CO2 emissions due to aging of furnaces.
In order to achieve a low carbon society, it is deemed necessary to promotewider use of high-performance insulated glazing such as ECO Glass inexisting residences and significantly increase renewable energy byphotovoltaic cells, etc.
These new demands will affect the production of flat glass, resulting inlarger total CO2 emissions than the current level of the glass industry.
However, according to LCA’s research result, emission of CO2 is expected
to decrease in society as a whole by an amount far greater than the total
increase in emissions in the glass industry.
[Calculation examples of life-cycle CO2 emission reduction considering
energy saving effect on the users’ side]1) CO2 reduction by use of ECO Glass in new residences because of legal compliancewith residential energy saving standard:(Housing starts) x (100% - Ratio of insulated glazing in FY 2010) x (Average window
area/house) x (life-cycle CO2 reduction due to ECO Glass)= 834 thousand houses in FY 2020 x (100 % - 38.1 %) x 23 m2/house x 535
kg-CO2/m2·30 years =6.4 million tons
2) CO2 reduction in the residential sector due to energy saving renovation of windows:(No. of renovated houses) x (Average window area/house) x (life-cycle CO2 reduction
due to ECO Glass)= 500 thousand houses in FY 2020 x 25 m2/house x 535 kg-CO2/m2·30 years =6.8
million tons

FGMAJ will make efforts to spread the effectiveness of energy saving
products, thereby contributing to construction of low carbon society.

363. Contributions on theinternational level
The glass industry is striving for global CO2 reduction, by applying the CO2(effect
throughtransferring advanced
Japanese technologies
and expertise abroad asof 2020)

4.

reduction technology for manufacturing processes developed in Japan tooverseas production plants.
An example is introduction of the total oxygen combustion technique toplants in China and Europe that will reduce CO2 emission by about 25%.

Developmentof Although further continued technological efforts for practical use areinnovative technologies necessary, innovative melting techniques emitting less CO2 such as“in-flight melting” has been developed by each manufacturer.

(in the medium- to long- All of the domestic glass manufacturers, i.e., three companies have beenterms)

jointly developing and operating a technique for facilitating flat glass raw
material recycling of used laminated glass whose demand is increasing.

37

Japan Soft Drink Association
Contents of the Plan
Reduction
1.
Reduction
target indomestic
business
operations
fortheyear 2020

targetReduce CO2 emission ratio by 10% in 2020 (vs. 1990)※ Emission ratio: CO2 emission (kg)/soft drink production vol. (kl)※ Excludes in-house package production

 Due to rapid increase of soft drink manufacturers’ in-houseproduction of PET bottles, it is difficult to judge the correlation of
Basisof
CO2 emission with package manufacturers. Thus, the target was
the target
set by excluding in-house package production.
 In-house package production did not exist in the base year 1990.
above
 The target year 2020 was set in view of deployment situations ofmeasures, such as fuel shift and equipment investment.

 Information sharing with production equipment manufacturers
 Inter-company
collaboration(cooperative
distribution,
standardization of packages)
 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) actions for eight package andcontainer materials (Inter-industry voluntary action plan) PET bottle recycling --Bottle to Bottle (BTB) recycling Reduction of petroleum-based materials by use of bio-PET
2.
Strengthened(plant-based resin)Introduction of modal shift
cooperation with otherIntroduction of eco-vehicles
interested groups Introduction of energy-efficient vending machines(life cycle effect as of Improvement of transportation efficiency of package materials by
2020)
in-house package production.
- For in-house PET bottle production, soft drink manufacturers
purchase pre-forms (shaped like a small test tube), whichenables greater loading capacity than PET bottles, andtherefore contribute to transportation efficiency.
 Consumer enlightenment about package recycling CO2 reduction by promotion of recycling-oriented society Continued awareness enhancement of member companies.

3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect
throughtransferring
TBD
advanced
Japanesetechnologies
andexpertise abroad as of
2020)
4.
Developmentofinnovative technologies
TBD(in the medium- to longterms)
38

The Japan Dairy Industry Association's Low-Carbon Society
Implementation Plan
Contents of the Plan
Reduction
target1.
Reduction
target indomestic
business
operations
for theyear 2020

Reduce total CO2 emissions by one (1) percent per annum toward 2020.

According to data submitted by the 10 member corporations participating in theJapan Dairy Industry Association's low-carbon society implementation plan, theirinvestment and energy-saving accomplishments for fiscal 2011 and investment plansfor 2012 and beyond are as shown in the following table. For fiscal 2011 and 2012
(estimate), there are good prospects for dramatic energy savings to be made as aresult of concentrated capital investments that were made to cope with the electricity
usage limits imposed after the Great East Japan Earthquake. However, for fiscal
2013 and beyond, the annual amount of energy savings would be reduced to 10,000
tons as calculated in terms of CO2 emissions, as the energy-saving measures will
return to ordinary levels.

Ground ofthe target
above

Year

Investment(thousands of yen)

Energy-saving effect(tons equivalent to CO2emissions)2011 (actual)

873,744

29,141 (actual)

2012 (estimated)

762,100

25,417 (estimated)2013 through 2016
(estimated)

1,304,689

43,514 (estimated)

While total annual sales of the 10 corporations stands at approximately 1,800 billion
yen, their net profits are less than one (1) percent due to the maximum possible
corporate efforts they have applied to absorb the rise in milk prices to support theJapanese dairy industry. Therefore, it is extremely difficult for them to makeenergy-saving investments larger than those shown in the above table. In particular,
in the current situation where the TPP and other strategies aimed at reducing or
eliminating tariffs on dairy products are emerging, these corporations would hesitate
to make energy-saving or CO2-reduction-related investments in the future.
Consequently, this industry has little choice but to state that its maximum annual
target level for reducing CO2 emissions will be one (1) percent (approx.10,000 tons)
for 2013 and beyond.

2. Strengthened
cooperation with otherinterested groups(life cycle effect as of Recycling one ton of used paper milk cartons reduces CO2 emissions byapproximately 0.78 tons. The industry intends to reduce CO2 emissions byapproximately 12,000 tons by improving the recycling rate for 16,000 tons ofpaper cartons in the future.

2020)

3. Contributions on theinternational level

None(effect through transferring advanced
Japanese technologies and expertiseabroad as of 2020)

4. Development ofinnovative technologies

None(in the medium- to long- terms)

39

The Japanese Electric Wire & Cable Makers’ Association
Contents of the Plan

Reduction
Target1. Reduction
target indomestic
business
operations
for the year
2020

Metal Cable
Energy consumption[×103 m3]
(Crude oil equivalent)
Reduction rate based on
1990
Optical Fiber Cable
Energy consumption per
production amount[×10-3 m3/m](The amount of crude oil
equivalent per Fiber length)
Reduction rate based on
1990

Result in 1990

Target for 2020

575

390

32%

8.32

1.71

79%

In the electric wire & cable industry, we had already made an effort
for energy saving as much as possible, investing 11,638 million yen
for the effective usage of the heat and electricity facilities, theinnovation of the manufacturing facilities, etc until 2011 from 1997,
and as a result we achieved reduction of 130,000 CO2 tons throughthese investments. Since the major items for reducing energy
consumption has been already implemented in our industry, andsince our products are merely parts of the final product, it is difficult
to change the energy structure of the Society. Thus we will continue
steady efforts for the energy saving in our industry.
In the metal cable (copper, aluminium), the high value-added
Basis of the products such as the wire and cable with extra-fine diameters havebeen increasing recently, and in parallel energy consumption has also
targetbeen increasing. It is highly obvious that this trend will continue inabove
the future. In addition, we estimate that the amount of production
would gradually increase in the mid-and-long term. Considering theabove situation, we made the plan to reduce energy consumption in
2020, estimated based on the present conditions to a maximal
degree.
In the optical fiber cable, we project that the overseas shift of the
production will still advanced and the domestic demand will
decrease in the next several years. Although in this situation theenergy efficiency in the optical fiber cable would be deteriorated in
the future, we will make an effort to improve energy efficiency(energy consumption per production amount) as much as possible.

40

2. Strengthened cooperation
The transmission loss in the power cable can be reduced bywith other interested groups
optimizing the conductor size, we will make an effort of spreading（ Life cycle effect as ofthis technology to the society.
2020）

3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect through transferring
advanced
Japanesetechnologies and expertiseabroad as of 2020)

In order to spread the technologies of the conductor size
optimization and the high temperature superconduction cables,
which are able to reduce the transmission loss in the power cable, wewill contribute to the global society by developing our technologies
to the international standards.

4. Development of innovative
We will continue to develop the high temperature superconducting
technologies
cable which can largely reduce transmission loss (theoretically to（ In the medium- to longzero).
terms）

41

Japan Petroleum Development Association

Contents of the Plan
With regard to the GHG derived from the domestic oil / natural gas
exploration, development and production activities (excluding
associated CO2 gas emission) at the fields,
Reduction- In FY 2020, CO2 emissions are planned to be reduced by 60
thousand tons of CO2 (27 % reduction) from the actual amount intargetFY 2005.
- In FY 2020, CO2 emission per unit is planned to be reduced by
25 % from that in FY 1990.
1.
- Japan Petroleum Development Association (JPDA) has been
Reduction
promoting to explore, develop and produce oil and natural gas inorder to secure stable energy supply to Japan as its mission.
target in- In order to meet the increasing demand for oil and natural gas due
domestic
to the economic growth and other factors in Japan compared to FY
1990, the participating companies increased production of oil andbusinessnatural gas. On the other hand, the participating companies havetaken measures to reduce CO2 emissions, and as a result the CO2
operations
Basisof emissions have been stayed at slight increase by introducing theforthe the target energy-saving facilities and equipments, flaring diffused naturalgas, optimizing and replacing the low-efficiency facilities, etc. And
year 2020 above
the CO2 emission per unit has been improved by the abovemeasures for reduction as well.
- With progress of the oil / natural gas development and production
activities, target zones are generally limited to the reservoirs under
the severer conditions where operations require more energy.
Though CO2 emission per unit may increase under such conditions,the participating companies are aiming at improvements of CO2
emission per unit by taking other additional measures.

2.
Strengthened
cooperation with other- The participating companies plan to promote fuel shift to naturalinterested groups
gas from other fossil fuels by increasing production of natural gas.
(life cycle effect as of2020)
3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect
through - In performing exploration, development and production operationsof oil and natural gas overseas, the participating companies plan totransferring advanced
promote efficient operations utilizing the advanced ecological andJapanese technologies
energy-saving technologies.
and expertise abroad asof 2020)
4. Development ofinnovative technologies(in the medium- to longterms)- Concerning the development of technologies on Carbon Dioxide
Capture and Storage (CCS) by applying oil / natural gas
development technologies owned by the participating companies,
the participating companies plan to promote the development
toward practical use by full-scale demonstrative experiments, etc.

42

Brewers Association of Japan
Contents of the Plan
◆Preconditions･Production volume and product composition ratio are assumed to besame as 2010.
･Will not factor in impact of 2011 earthquake on the industry at thispoint (targets may be revised when impact is identified).

Reduction
target1.

◆Target standard
The beer industry will reduce CO2 emissions by 50,000 tons in 2020
from the business as usual (BAU) 528,000 tons for 2020, excluding thefluctuation impact of electric power emission coefficients through its
independent reduction activities.

Reduction
targetindomestic
business

Since launching activities in line with the 1996 voluntary action plan, thebeer industry has already implemented all conceivable capitalfortheinvestments to reduce CO2 emissions. By combining those efforts withother related activities, CO2 emissions came to 46% in 2010 compared
year 2020 Basis of theto 1990 and CO2 emission intensity index was improved to 0.51. Further
significant reduction on top of this is not feasible. The maximum leveltarget abovethat is feasible for the industry is to reduce the energy intensity index
specified by the Energy Saving Act by 1% yearly excluding thefluctuation impact of electric power emission coefficients through thebeer industry’s independent reduction activities.
operations

2.
Strengthened
cooperation with otherinterested groups(life cycle effect as of2020)
3. Contributions on theinternational level

We will review effective activities to reduce carbon dioxide, not only in
manufacturing, but also in consideration of carbon dioxide emissions in
the overall value chain extending from supply procurement to sales andconsumption.

We will transfer and teach energy conservation technologies to related(effect through transferring overseas companies. For example, we will take energy-saving measures
advanced
Japanese by improving equipment efficiency in overseas factories and enhance
technologies and expertise individual improvements by rolling out TPM.
abroad as of

4.

2020)

Developmentof

We assort and build upon beer manufacturing technologies andequipment that are developed by specialized equipment engineering(in the medium- to long- companies, so when new energy and cost-saving equipment isdeveloped, we will implement these actively.
innovative technologies
terms)

43

Japan Association of Rolling stock Industries

Contents of the Plan
・We aim to 29,000 t CO2 emissions in fiscal 2020.

1.

(Down 33% compared to fiscal 1990)

Reduction
targetin Reduction

domestic

On condition that the CO2 conversion factor keep the level of thetargetfigures in fiscal 2010 and there is no big change in thebusinesssocio-economic environment

operations
forthe Basisof ･To introduce possible cutting-edge technology in the practical stage
year 2020 the target
when updating the facilities.
above･Reducing CO2 emissions through the train operation process bydeveloping smaller and lighter rail cars.
2.
Strengthened
cooperation with other・Working with the user side on the development of railway cars
interested groups(life cycle effect as of
aimed at the reduction of the environmental impact, for example,
2020)

energy-saving vehicles, hybrid vehicles etc.
･Promoting international contributions for the realization of a

3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect through transferring
advanced
Japanesetechnologies and expertiseabroad as of 2020)

low-carbon society by matching for sure to the regulations offoreign countries environmental impact and safety standards, andapplying the environmentally conscious technologies for rollingstock developed in Japan to export vehicles.

･Actively promoting the dissemination of hybrid vehicles combined

4.

Developmentofinnovative technologies

with battery and diesel engine to contribute to reduce CO2
emissions through the train operation process, and working with(in the medium- to longterms)

the user on the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles aimed at
substantially reducing environmental impact.

44≪Energy-Conversion Sector≫

45

The Federation of Electric Companies of Japan (FEPC)
Contents of the Plan

Reduction
target1.
Reduction
target indomestic
business
operations
fortheyear 2020

The level of our reduction targets will be examined in the lightof national energy and climate strategy policy, which is
expected to be reviewed.
However, FEPC will endeavour to pursue an optimal mix ofenergy supply, allowing us to simultaneously achieve energy
security, economic efficiency and environmental conservation,on the premise of safe operation.(S+3Es) The following
activities outline some features of this;○ Nuclear power generation is to be used, with the major
premise of securing safety.
•In order to make this happen extensive safety measures fornuclear power plants will be implemented, in the light oflessons and knowledge learned from the accident at
Fukushima Daiichi.
• The Japanese electric utilities dedicate themselves to thesafe and stable operation of nuclear power plants, where
safety will be assured.
○ Renewable energy is to be used.
•Hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, wind, and biomass power
generation will be developed.
Basis for the•R&D on countermeasures to fluctuations in renewable
above target
energy generation will be promoted, including－Examining countermeasures to the intermittency of solar
power generation.
－Examining the expansion of wind power generation bytaking advantage of surplus adjustment capacity throughinterconnection between utilities.
○ The thermal efficiency of thermal power plants will be
improved.
•Best Available Technologies (BAT) are to be adopted for
newly constructed thermal power plants, considering thesize of capacity.
•Proper thermal efficiency management is to be implemented
for existing thermal power plants.

○ CO2 emissions reduction by customers is to be pursued
2.
Strengthened
through the diffusion of high-efficiency electric equipment
cooperation with otherand activities to promote energy conservation, in order tointerested groups
explore the more efficient use of electricity.
(life cycle effect as of○ Smart meters are to be introduced in order to ensure the2020)
efficient use of electricity by customers.

46

3. Contributions at theinternational level(result of transferring
advanced
Japanesetechnologies
andexpertise abroad as of
2020)○ FEPC will contribute to low carbonisation in developing
countries by transferring sector-specific Japanesetechnologies through analysing
coal-fired plants andactivities to reduce CO2 emissions, by promoting the Global
Superior Energy Partnership (GSEP).
○ FEPC will pursue a low carbon society through developing
and deploying state-of-the-art and feasible power sector
technologies, through the International Electricity
Partnership.
(Reference) CO2 emissions reduction potential is estimated tobe 1.3 billion tons if Japanese technology is applied toexisting coal-fired power plants in the US, China, and India.

4.
Developmentofinnovative technologies(in the medium- to longterm)○ Low carbonisation of electricity supply, improvements inelectricity consumption, and environmental conservation.
These include Clean Coal Technologies, Smart Grids, CO2
Capture and Storage, Ultra-high Efficiency Heat Pumps,
Electric Vehicles, etc..

47

Petroleum Association of Japan
Contents of the Plan
1.
Reduction

Reduction
targettarget indomestic
business
operations
for theyear 2020

Basis ofthe targetabove

2. Strengthened
cooperation with otherinterested groups(life cycle effect as of2020)

3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect through transferring
advanced Japanesetechnologies and expertiseabroad as of 2020)
4. Development ofinnovative technologies(in the medium- to longterms)

Achieve the energy saving of 530 thousand KL (crude oil equivalent) in
FY2020, with energy conservation measures since FY2010. *1,2,3*1 Corresponds to approx. 1.4 million tons of CO2 per year.
*2 Includes measures for which government support is necessary.
*3 In case of a large fluctuation in demand and stringent quality
requirements are identified, the target is subject to reexamination. Review
the target level in FY2015.
Aim to maintain and improve the world's highest level of energy efficiency
by the introduction of BAT (Best available technology), etc..
[Energy conservation measures] (KL : crude oil equivalent)(1) Effective utilization of heat : 150 thousand KL(2) Introduction of advanced control system and highly-efficientequipment : 60 thousand KL(3) Improve the efficiency of power system : 90 thousand KL(4) Major refurbishment and upgrading of process : 230 thousand KL(1) Transportation and supply stage of petroleum productsa) Further efficiency improvement in distribution system (joint use ofstorage points, mutual accommodation of products, etc.)b) Introduction of LED lighting at service stations, solar power generation,etc.
(2) Consumption stage of oila) Utilization of biomass fuel
 Introduce biomass fuel on the premise of the ensuring sustainability,
stable and economical procurement.
(Sustainability: effect of greenhouse gas reduction with LCA,
competition with food, supply stability, attention to ecosystem, etc.)
 Promote the use of ETBE blended biomass fuel while ensuring
sustainability and stable supply in cooperation with the government,
aiming at a steady introduction to meet the target amount of 500
thousand KL *4 (crude oil equivalent) in FY2017 set by the Law
Concerning Sophisticated Methods of Energy Supply Structures.
*4 Approximately 1.3 million tons of CO2/yearb) Appeal the dissemination of clean diesel vehiclesc) Promote the high-efficiency oil burning appliance (Condensing Water
Heaters “Eco-Feel”)d) Development and diffusion of the Oil-Based Fuel Celle) Expand the high-efficiency gasoline engine oil
Use the knowledge and the experience of the Japanese petroleum industry
that achieves the world’s highest level of energy efficiency for personnel
and technical exchanges with developing countries.

(1) A new technology “Petroleomics” which combines molecule-based
analyses on heavy oil with molecule-based reaction modeling(2) Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS)48

The Japan Gas Association（JGA）
Contents of the Plan

1.
Reduction

Reduction

in target

targetdomestic
business
operations
for

the

year 2020
Basisofthe target
above

2.
Strengthened
cooperation with otherinterested groups(life cycle effect as of2020)○Target・CO2 emission intensity : 9.9g-CO2/m3-city gas(89% decrease from FY 1990 level)
・Energy intensity : 0.26MJ/m3-city gas(85% decrease from FY 1990 level)*CO2 emission intensity target figure (9.9) is based on theassumption that the grid emission factor is (0.33kg-CO2/kWh),and it is to be revised.
*On calculating the target figure, we took the CO2 reduction effectof CHP installation which curtails the emission from marginal
power generator (it is thermal power plants in Japan).
*Energy intensity is shown as the basis of the CO2 emission
intensity.
○Backgrounds
・Since the introduction of LNG to Japan in 1969, we have promoted theshift of raw materials for city gas, to 96% natural gas frommanufactured gas at a cost of over 1 trillion yen. The gas production
efficiency level, mainly by LNG re-gasification, has reached up to
99.5%, and it is close to upper limit.
○Boundary・City gas production plants (including those of the affiliated companies)○ Based on the actual numbers of major gas utility companies, JGA
calculated the numbers of gas production volume and energy
consumption amount.
○ Taking the effects of the maximum installation of highly efficienttechnologies like CHP into account.
○Emissions Reduction at customer’s site (Reference year : FY2010)
The reduction potential at customer’s site is estimated to be 19 million
tons of CO2 per year mainly by;・Promoting the diffusion of highly efficient technologies (Combined
Heat and Power, Micro-CHP with Fuel Cell, Condensed Boiler, Gas
Heat Pumps & Absorption Chillers, Natural Gas Vehicles etc.)
・Fuel switch to natural gas from oil or coal・Incorporating renewable energy into natural gas systems

3. Contributions on theinternational level○Business Expansion Overseas(effect
throughtransferring advanced
Japanese technologies
and expertise abroad asof 2020)

4.

Development

・Exploration and Production of LNG
・Engineering businesses (LNG terminal Construction etc.)
・ESCO Businessof ○Fuel Cellinnovative technologies(in the medium- to longterms)

・Efficiency improvement of PEFC (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell)
・Development and efficiency improvement of SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel
Cell)
・Development of SOFC combined cycle system○Hydrogen network system
49≪Commercial Sector≫

50

Telecommunications Carriers Association
Contents of the Plan
1.
Reduction
target indomestic
business
operations
towards
the year
2020

More than 1 %, in comparison with the year 2010,
for an electricity consumption basic unit per number of the contracts,

Reduction
target○Basisofthe target

2.
Strengthen
thecooperation with otherinterested groups(life cycle effect as of
2020)

3.

Promotion of theinternational
contributions(introduction effect of lessenergyconsumtption
technology in the abroad asof 2020)

4.

Developmentofinnovative technologies(in the medium- to longterms)

Introduction of the highest technologies at the time of facilities
renovation accommodating energy saving devices such as communication
facilities and the air conditioners○ Acquire "the eco-ICT mark" determined by "an Ecology Guidelines
Council in the field of ICT" and, based on the guidelines, promote theprocurement of a device having high energy saving performance.
○ ICT services bring an efficiency of the production activity, and resultant
reduction of the physical movement of the human beings and the goods,
is expected to reduce electricity consumption and CO2 emissions to thewhole Society. Service solutions activities to reduce the electricity
consumption and CO2 emissions by the customers and the society andpromotions activities to visualize the effect of reduction of electricity
consumption and CO2 emissions, contributes to the substantial reduction
to whole society.
○ Contribution to the world wide efforts in reduction of electricity
consumption and CO2 emissions under global expansion of the ICT byrealizing energy saving such as the communication and data facilities, or
reduction of electricity consumption and CO2 emissions from thebusiness activities.
○ Contribution to an international standardization of the environmental
assessment method in the ITU-T (International Telecommunications
Union telecommunications standardization section) to compare and verify
the CO2 reduction effect by the ICT at each service.
○ Development of the technologies for power saving relating to thewhole communication network in the communication facilities such ascommunications equipment and air conditioners . In addition, tointroduce further power saving devices, research and investigations to
the technologies for ultra-speed transmissions or the high efficiency
operation technologies.
○ Development of electric power saving technology of thecommunications equipment at offices and home, and the developmentof the direct current power feeding technology at home.
○ Development of high efficient power feeding technologies to the data
facilities or the communication building to realize the energy saving
circumstances.

51

Japan Department Stores Association

Contents of the Plan
Reduction
targetBased on the basic unit of energy consumption of stores (floor area x energy
consumption per operating hours) as an indicator, achieve 20% reduction
versus the base year (FY1990) by the target fiscal year (FY2020) throughout
the industry.
-1.
Reduction
target indomestic
business
operations
for the-Basis ofthe abovetargetyear 2020-

There is the potential of recording an increase in overall volume due tovarious factors such as store area expansion and the extension ofoperating hours. From the perspective of balancing the environment andeconomy, energy consumption per production activity volume (floorarea x operating hours) will be established as a target value so that
individual reduction efforts will be reflected.
There are many department stores with considerably old facilities interms of the age of the building. Some of these lag behind in updatingheat source equipment, air conditioning systems and other relevant
facilities. To this end, efforts will be made to achieve goals bypromoting various measures such as actively upgrading old equipmentwith highly efficient equipment, reviewing operation systems andmaking improvements during large-scale renovations.
Promote energy-saving initiatives, including the review of businessdays and hours of operation.
Since the ratio of individually owned company buildings accounts forroughly 50%, measures will be carried out together with authorizedowners of main facilities.

-

2. Strengthened
cooperation with otherinterested groups(life cycle effect as of2020)

3. Contributions on theinternational level

Initiatives to moderate air conditioning temperatures in stores
Encouraging the use of public transportation when visiting stores (Park& Ride, etc.)- Development and expansion of handling environmentally conscious
products
Note: Transportation Department will endeavour to reduce delivery vehicles
by promoting joint delivery (delivery representative system) and the shift
toward using natural gas vehicles for making deliveries. As a means ofincreasing logistics efficiency, introduce a uniform clothes hanger for
department stores while also helping to reduce the disposal of hangers.
None(effect throughtransferring advanced
Japanese technologies
and expertise abroad asof 2020)

4. Development ofNoneinnovative technologies(in the medium- to longterms)
52

The Life Insurance Association of Japan (LIAJ)
Contents of the Plan
1.
Reduction
targetReduction

Under consideration.

in target

domestic
businessBasisof
the target
for
the
above
year 2020
operations



2.
Strengthened
cooperation with other interested groups(life cycle effect as of
2020)



3. Contributions on the international level(effect through transferring
advanced
Japanesetechnologies and expertiseabroad as of 2020)

4.

Development

The LIAJ and member companies make efforts to raise theawareness of environmental issue through education program forthe executives and employees with respect to the conservationand protection of the environment, while the LIAJ itself also
aims at raising member companies' awareness of environmental
issue.
The LIAJ and member companies aim at raising customers' andcounterparties' awareness of environmental issues by informing
the public of the life insurance industry's approach to theenvironmental issue.
The LIAJ and member companies engage in social service
activities for the conservation and protection of the environment
as well as taking part in the activities conducted by thecommunity and other interested groups, and also promote andhelp its executives and employees to take part in these activities.

The LIAJ and member companies engage in social service
activities for the conservation and protection of the environment
as well as taking part in the activities conducted by thecommunity and other interested groups, and also promote andhelp its executives and employees to take part in these activities(including environmental conservation activities conducted inoverseas).

ofinnovative technologies(in the medium- to long-

No comment.

terms)

53

Japan Foreign Trade Council, Inc.
Contents of the Plan
Numerical Target：
Reduction of energy usage to 29,000 kiloliters in 2020
(crude oil equivalent)・A reduction to 29,000 kiloliters in terms of a crude oil
equivalent is a feasible target to set for energy usage in2020. This would represent a 9% reduction from theenergy usage in 2009 (reference year), which wascompiled based on all available information.
・In order to calculate the volume used for both the actual
Reductionand target bases, we collected the records of energy
targetusage from participating companies. These records weremainly the electricity and gas consumed in their major
office buildings.
1.Reduction
・The target is based on the information from 19 companies
target indomesticthat have set targets for 2020 among the members of ourbusiness
Global Environment Committee (as of Feb 24, 2012). As
operations
we encourage more cooperation from our regular member
for thecompanies, the target volume may be upwardly revised
year 2020
at a higher level in accordance with increased number ofparticipating companies.
・ Trading companies (Shosha) have made exceptional
efforts to reduce energy usage for many years. Theirchallenging targets were determined at the highest
reachable level and backed up with relentless reduction
Basis ofefforts.
the target ・We believe that we will be able to achieve our target
above
through comprehensive actions by each individualcompany such as the installation and usage of energy
saving facilities and equipment, strict and effective
control of energy usage, and educational activities toincrease awareness of climate change.
Trading companies (Shosha) are committed to making
contributions towards building a low carbon society.
2. Strengthened
Our members set specific targets for their offices andcooperation with otheroperational units, which must be achieved with intensive
interested groups
efforts. They are striving for enduring achievement in theirbusiness activities by launching low carbon goods andservices and introducing new energy-saving technologies to
3. Contributions on thebe promoted decisively for broader use not only in Japan
international levelbut also in other countries. There is also a focus on further
research and development for such technologies.
Furthermore, dedicated efforts should be made to4.
Developmentof successfully foster awareness of this critical challenge
innovative technologies amongst trading company employees and members of thecommunity.

54

Japan LP Gas Association
Contents of the Plan

Reduction
target1.
Reduction
targetindomestic
business
operations
for theyear 2020

Grounds ofthe target
above

2.Strengthened
cooperation with otherinterested groups(life cycle effect as of2020)

3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect throughtransferring advanced
Japanese technologies
and expertise abroad asof 2020)

4. Developmentofinnovative technologies(1) Based on the basic unit of CO2 emissions (kg-CO2) per theaggregate annual LPG throughput quantity (Ton) at the LPG importterminals and at the LPG secondary terminals as well, the target is to
reduce CO2 emissions (kg-CO2/Ton) by 22% against the base year
(FY1990) by FY2020.
(2) In the transportation sector where tank trucks transport LPG, we
make efforts to improve efficiency of the transportation further andreduce the basic unit of CO2 emissions in this sector as “DedicatedTransporters” of Energy Conservation Act.
(1) On the basis of the condition that coefficient of CO2 emissions at the
point of electricity generation is to be reduced to 0.33kg-CO2/kWh
by FY2020 from 0.417kg-CO2/kWh in FY1990, which is equivalent
to 20.86% reduction, we are to reduce CO2 emissions (kg-CO2/Ton)by 22% based on the basic unit of CO2 emissions (kg-CO2) per theaggregate annual LPG throughput quantity (Ton) at the LPG importterminals and at the secondary terminals.
By introducing high efficient LPG appliances, fuel cells andelectricity generators using renewable energy to the LPG importterminals and the LPG secondary terminals and by merging theterminals, we are to achieve the targets.
(2) The member companies of Japan LP Gas Association (JLPGA)
comply thoroughly with Energy Conservation Act.
(Contribution by promoting Low Carbon Appliances and services)
To contribute to the creation of Low Carbon Society, we promote salesofthe high efficient LPG appliances. The number of the stocks of eachappliance by FY2020 is estimated respectively as follows; Fuel cell (for domestic use): equivalent to 150Mkw
 High efficient water boiler(ECO-JOZU):5,400 thousand families
 GHP (Gas Engine Type): equivalent to 1,300Mkw
 CHP (Co-generation for Commercial and Industrial use):equivalent to 770Mkw
By this promotion, it is estimated that 1,400 thousand tons of CO2
emissions will be reduced by FY 2020 compared with FY 2010. The
members of JLPGA are not directly involved in selling the appliances,
but the members make efforts to educate the retail companies in theirgroups and their dealers to promote the sales of the appliances.
As a member of World LP Gas Association (WLPGA) which the LPG
related companies, associations and other entities worldwide belong to,
JLPGA has introduced the Japanese high efficient LPG appliances,such as CHPs, GHPs and fuel cells, to other members worldwide.
The WLPGA members are interested in these appliances.
Japanese manufacturers are beginning to contact them in the North
America, the South America and Europe.
As of now, we do not have any plans.

(in the medium- to long- terms)

55

The Real Estate Companies Association of Japan
Contents of the Plan
[Reference] Target in Current Voluntary Action Plan

1.
Reduction
target for
the year2020 indomestic
business
operations

Reduction
target(scheduled tobe revised
during fiscal
2012 basedon review ofenergyconservation
standards by
thegovernment)

Grounds forsetting thetarget2. Strengthen cooperation
with other interested groups(reduction as of 2020
through the spreading of
low-carbon products andservices)○Newly Built Office Buildings: It is a level surpassing the Act on the
Rational Use of Energy “Standards of Judgment for Construction
Clients” by 10% or more (both PAL and ERR). For those withlarger scale, (regarding ERR), it is a level that surpasses thestandards by 20% or more (established in 2008).
○Newly Built For-Sale Condominiums: “Life Cycle CO2” under
CASBEE for New Construction to surpass the “reference value.”
Further, aiming at 5 years in the future, CASBEE for New
Construction “operation stage” to be 5% or more and surpass the“reference value” (established in 2009).
○Reducing the Energy Consumption of Buildings Used by Member
Companies: For member companies using buildings for their own
work, aim to make the average specific energy consumption per
floor area from fiscal 2008 to fiscal 2012, 5% lower than the levelof fiscal 1990.
In the environmental voluntary action plan (March 2008) of the
RECAJ, due to the nature of business to provide office space fortenant companies to conduct business activities in, or provide living
space for condominium unit purchasers, the total amount of energy
consumption and specific energy consumption will vary greatly
depending on the business activity or style of living. Therefore, it isdifficult to set reduction targets for both total amount and unit specificenergy consumption, but using the action target which member
companies voluntarily respond to, it has been set at the energy-saving
performance of newly built offices and condominiums as the target
value.
Moreover, for the reduction in energy consumption of a building thata company uses, rather than directly making it subject to the CO2
emissions that are greatly affected by changes in the CO2 emission
coefficient of the electric power company, adopt the specific energy
consumption units that owners and users of office buildings cancontrol.
Work on green innovation partnership activities (zero emission
structures, implementation of investigative research and innovativetechnologies concerning residences, promotion of transference) tooffice buildings and condominiums in cooperation with Japan
Building Owners and Managers Association, Japan Federation ofConstruction Contractors, Tokyo Electric Power Company,
Incorporated, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. etc. Proactive informationtransmission will be performed for these efforts and their results.

In addition to the “residential eco-guide (condominium version),”which is currently being distributed, the creation of an eco-guide, etc.
for office building tenants will be considered in preparation for work
style and lifestyle reforms. In addition, efforts will be made toenhance and strengthen environmental enlightenment activities suchas posting on the homepage and widely transmitting to society.
56

3. Promotion ofcontributions on aninternational level(reduction of energy
overseas as of 2020 throughthe spreading ofenergy-saving technologies,etc.)

4. Development ofinnovative technologies(efforts in the medium- tolong- term)

By packaging the Japanese strengths of advanced environmental
technologies, urban regeneration and know-how of city creation andproviding these to East Asian countries such as China, new growthstrategies for real estate industries will be drawn up and we believethat contributions can be made to global environmental problems in
Asian regions where CO2 emission levels are expected to see thegreatest increase.

In addition to introducing highly efficient equipment and planningand promoting products that give consideration to comfort and healthfor high energy consuming facilities in offices and condominiums
such as air conditioning, ventilation, lighting, hot-water supply, andoffice automation equipment, efforts that will likely effect theconversion of tenant and resident lifestyles, such as task ambient air
conditioning and lighting and visualization of energy consumption,
will be promoted.
Lastly, not only will energy-saving in individual structures beadvanced but also regional cooperation among buildings and cities
will be promoted.

57

≪Transportation Sector≫

58

Japan Federation of Coastal Shipping Associations
Contents of the Plan
1.
Reduction
target2020 targets 5,900,000 ton/CO2 ( ▲31% in comparison with 1990
level)

Reduction

in target

domestic
businessBasisof
the target
for
the
above
year 2020
operations

1.Maximum introduction of leading energy saving technologies in thephase of practical usage on the occasion of replacement of old
coastal vessels, taking it into consideration that more than 70% of
the vessels are old ones with age over 16 years.
2.Promotion in development and construction of larger size coastal
vessels as well as improvement of propelling efficiency of thevessels in terms of energy consumption.

2.
Strengthened Promotion of modal shift, switch the long-distance land transport
freight into energy-efficient marine transportation.
cooperation with other The transportation industry as a whole should reduce CO2 by means ofinterested groups
modal shift.
(life cycle effect as of
2020)

Provision of energy conservation navigation technologies information

3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect through transferring
advanced
Japanesetechnologies and expertiseabroad as of 2020)

4.

Developmentofinnovative technologies

・Energy savings by adopting solar power
・Bottom air lubrication method to reduce the hull resistance.
・Waste heat recovery for Stirling engine generator.

(in the medium- to longterms)

59East Japan Railway Company
Contents of the Plan
1. Reduction
target indomestic
business

Reduction
targetoperations
for the year

Basis of the2020

target above○ 8% reduction in energy consumption fromrailway business activities(MJ: relative to FY2011
level)○ 30% improvement in CO2 emissions per unit ofelectricity generated at JR East’s own power
plants(kg-CO2/kWh: relative to FY1991 level)○

Reducing energy consumed for train operations

We are putting into service more newgeneration energy efficientrailcars, with features such as regenerative brakes, which can convert
kinetic energy during deceleration into electric energy, and variable
voltage variable frequency (VVVF) inverters, which control
motors without wasting electricity.

○

JR East’s own power plants

2. Strengthened cooperation

The plant will reduce CO2 emissions by replacing three units (out ofwith other interested groupsfour) with combined-cycle power generation units* with improved(life cycle effect as of 2020)

efficiency and by switching fuel from oil to natural gas when the plantis renovated.

○

Saving energy in office buildings

We work hard on reducing energy consumption both inhardware, including the introduction of highly efficientequipment andfacilities, and in software, including temperature managementof air conditioning and diligently turning off lights.

3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect through transferring
advanced Japanese technologies
and expertise abroad as of 2020)○the Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory
4. Development of

We determined that a research and development organization
should be created, to be responsible for issuing energy

innovative technologies(in the medium- to longterms)

strategies and developing technology for, and from theperspective of, the entire group. In April 2009, we establishedthe Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory.

60

All Japan Freight Forwarders Association
Contents of the Plan
Reduction
target1.

Reduce CO2 emissions by improving external factors for vehicle
efficiency: 4%

target indomestic

operations

by 14,152 tons-CO2 (11% reduction on fiscal 2009 levels).


ReductionbusinessBy fiscal 2020, reduce emissions from delivery and collection vehicles

Basis ofthe target
above



Encourage operators to take eco-driving measures: 5%Have operators promote return-trip deliveries to improve loadfactors: 2%

for the year

In fiscal 2010, we achieved a reduction of CO2 emissions of around
15% below fiscal 1998 levels. Although we are reaching the limits of2020

CO2 reduction with such measures as the introduction of
low-emission vehicles and the promotion of eco-driving, we willproactively work toward further reduction.
To help promote modal shift among cargo owners, increase theconvenience of rail freight through the following measures:Support the introduction of 31ft and other high-standard large
containers.

2. Strengthened
cooperation with otherinterested groups(life cycle effect as of
2020)



Hold the Rail Container Freight Trial Campaign, where potential newusers of rail freight can receive assistance for 80% of the cost of theirinitial shipments.

Promote measures to reduce freight damage.



Improve responses to limit freight disruptions following natural
disasters (including modal shift of 3.6 billion ton-kilometers fromtrucks to rail freight to reduce CO2 emissions by 900,000 tons [as per
the plan to achieve the Kyoto Protocol targets]).

3. Contributions on theinternational level(effect throughtransferring advanced
Japanese technologies andexpertise abroad as of2020)
4. Development ofinnovative technologies(in the medium- to long-

None.

Develop new containers to enhance freight service and new packing
filler materials to improve freight quality.

terms)
61

The Scheduled Airlines Association of Japan
Contents of the Plan

1.
Reduction
targetindomestic
business
operations
for the year
2020

Reduction
targetBasis of thetarget above

2.Strengthened cooperation
with other interested groups(life cycle effect as of
2020)

3.Contributions on theinternational level(effect through transferring
advanced
Japanesetechnologies and expertiseabroad as of 2020)

4.Developmentofinnovative technologies(in the medium- to longterms)○The goal:
Basic unit of CO2 emissions 0.00095t-CO2／RTK（Comparison with BAU in 2020 as 0.00116t-CO2／RTK）*1 Basic unit is adopting CO2 emissions per RTK (Revenue Ton
Kilometer). RTK is multiplied by the distance flown in weight(passenger and freight and mail) with paid ones of the aircraft.
*2 It is including both domestic and international flights*3 The forecast future demand is based on the publications Aviation
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (aviation
subcommittee Council of Transport Policy in May2006 ).
*4 We will review the goals as necessary in the future, in case there is asignificant effect on such things, and unpredictable for the aviation.
○We will continue to introduce ecology flight as much as we can.
<Example of ecology flight measures currently being implemented>○Reducing the weight of various equipments and in-flight items onboard to improve fuel efficiency.
○Shortening of the distance flown and the adjustment of engine output.
○ Coordination with air traffic control authorities about CDO（Continuous Descent Operations）.
CDO is a flight descent procedure that has been optimized so that theaircraft can be flown with engines at idle thrust from a high altitude potentially from cruise - until initial approach fix. Aircraft executing a
CDO realize far more efficient fuel burn during the descent andarrivals phase of flight, as compared to a traditional arrival path.
○Contribution to the minimization of CO2 emissions associated withthe movement of passenger and freight operations through theprovision of the least impact on the environment in cooperation with
air traffic control operating with new generations of aircraft.
○Provide Carbon offset program to passenger.
○The global promotion of efficient operating system in cooperation
with each national air traffic control authorities through the IATA
(International Air Transport Association).

○ Promoting the development and dissemination of innovativetechnologies with unprecedented bio-fuel SPK(Synthesized Paraffinic
Kerosenes).
○Promotion of the development of fuel cells for aircraft that replaces
the APU (auxiliary power unit).

62

Ⅳ．Evaluation Committee Reporton Keidanren’s Commitment
to a Low Carbon Society

63

September 19, 2012
Evaluation Committee Report on
Keidanren’s Commitment to a Low Carbon Society
1. Introduction
As a new plan that extends on the efforts under the Voluntary Action Plan now in
effect, Keidanren announced in December 2009 that it would formulate andimplement Keidanren's Commitment to a Low carbon Society (“the Commitment”
hereafter). With this announcement, it declared that under this new plan, Japaneseindustry would endeavor to develop and commercialize the world’s most advanced
low carbon technologies and assume global leadership in creating a low carbon
society that achieves economic growth in harmony with the natural environment.
To implement the Commitment, focus has been placed on the following corepolicies.
(i) Participating industries and companies (collectively “participating industries”
hereafter) will publicly pledge to maintain and improve their world-leading low
carbon technologies and levels of energy efficiency.
(ii) In the interest of promoting the creation of a low carbon society on a global scale,participating industries will announce and pursue a set of voluntary initiatives.
(iii) To ensure that participating industries make steady progress with these efforts,
Keidanren will pursue the PDCA cycle in collaboration with the Japanese
government.
In the interest of improving the transparency and credibility of the Commitment, an
Evaluation Committee for the Commitment to a Low carbon Society (“Evaluation
Committee” hereafter) was set up in July 2012. Through two meetings of its own andparticipation in two gatherings of the Voluntary Action Plan Working Group, theEvaluation Committee held hearings with representatives for 16 different industrial
sectors. Representing 12 sectors of the industrial and energy-conversion fields were
the Japan Gas Association, the Japan Iron and Steel Federation, the Japan Chemical
Industry Association, the Japan Paper Association, the Japan Cement Association,
four electrical and electronics-related organizations, the Japan Federation ofConstruction Contractors, the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association and theJapan Auto-Body Industries Association, the Japan Mining Industry Association, theLime Manufacture Association, the Japan Rubber Manufacturers Association, andthe Japan Soft Drink Association. Representing three sectors of the commercial field
64

were the Real Estate Companies Association of Japan, the Japan Building Owners
and Managers Association, and the NTT Group. The transportation sector was
represented by the Scheduled Airlines Association of Japan. The hearings comprised
inquiries into the status of low carbon-oriented undertakings in the energy industry;technology-related innovations in the energy-intensive materials industry andassembly and fabrication trades; and emissions-control structures for the entire life
cycle of products and services in all sectors as well as related undertakings in thecommercial, residential, and transportation sectors.
2. Evaluation of Efforts under the Commitment
Applying the perspectives of transparency and credibility, the Evaluation Committeesought to determine whether participating industries had fulfilled their obligations toaccountability regarding the viability of targets incorporated into the Commitment aswell as other aspects of the Commitment as a whole, including steps to strengthen
cooperation with other interested groups, international contributions, and thedevelopment of innovative technologies.
(1) The Commitment as Perceived by Sectors(i) The Commitment for nine energy-intensive sectors
a. Materials and manufacturing
Despite an uncertain future outlook for raw steel output, the Japan Iron and SteelFederation has declared a target for reduced CO2 emissions of 5 million tons by theyear 2020 compared to “business as usual” (BAU) levels through implementation of
the latest technologies. Energy-conserving technologies developed in Japan for steel
industry applications have come into increasingly widespread use abroad. In terms of
their quantitative contributions to CO2 reductions, the Eco-Product technologies(through the supply of high-performance steel) and Eco-Solution technologies(through transfers of energy-conserving technologies to developing countries) are
estimated to have already reduced CO2 emissions by approximately 34 million tons
and 70 million tons, respectively. In the years ahead, it is hoped that advances inthese technologies will lead to further CO2 reductions in Japan as well as reductions
on a global scale.
The Japan Chemical Industry Association has set a CO2 reduction target, relative toactivity level, of 1.5 million tons compared to BAU CO2 emissions as of the year
2020. This target seeks reductions through the adoption of energy-saving
technologies by key processes at facilities for ethylene production and steam
generation, with equivalent reductions achieved through incremental improvements
on a smaller scale by other manufacturing processes. This industry deserves
65commendation for setting ethylene production-related energy-savings targets that
surpass even the IEA-established levels that are among the highest in the world. The
chemical industry supplies other industries with raw materials. As such, from asociety-wide perspective, it is important that the products of this industry be assessed
for the CO2 emissions they generate at the utilization stage. Going forward, it will benecessary for interested groups to strengthen their cooperation and on that basis
develop guidelines for the calculation of CO2 emissions from petrochemical products
using the perspectives of life-cycle assessment (LCA). Additionally, ensuring thetransparency and reliability of these calculations also will be valuable. Furthermore,
it will be necessary to set the stage for such guidelines to be adopted abroad asinternational standards and facilitate the widespread acceptance of environmentallysound Japanese products.
According to the Japan Paper Association, the paper and pulp industry in fiscal 2010
reduced its consumed volume of fossil fuel per unit energy by more than 25 percent
compared to fiscal 1990 thanks largely to energy-saving and fuel-conversion
measures as well as the consolidation of production facilities under the current
Voluntary Action Plan. Under the Commitment, the industry has announced a CO2
emissions reduction target of 1.39 million tons for fiscal 2020 compared to theprojected BAU level, to be achieved chiefly through the utilization of spent materials
and waste products for fuel-conversion purposes but also through the installation ofhigh-efficiency paper pulping machinery and high-temperature, high-pressure black
liquor recovery boilers. Compared to actual output in fiscal 2009, paper production
is expected to grow 4.6 percent by fiscal 2020 in the BAU scenario. Accordingly,
there will be significant increases over fiscal 2009 in fossil fuel consumption andCO2 emissions in both quantitative and unit-output terms. In terms of futurecountermeasures, we hope to see the paper and pulp industry take action to increase
the supply of biomass fuels and pursue expanded forestation programs in Japan aswell as abroad.
The Japan Cement Association is of the view that the cement industry does not havemuch room left for improvement in the years ahead because it has already madesubstantial improvement in per unit energy consumed through the installation ofhigh-efficiency suspension preheater kilns and new suspension preheater kilns at
cement production plants. Under the Commitment, for fiscal 2020 it has drawn up
target reductions in energy consumption of 69,000 kL compared to fiscal 2005 and
281,000 kL compared to fiscal 1990 based on the widespread adoption ofenergy-saving facilities and equipment and the expanded utilization of waste
66

materials. In the years ahead, the industry can be expected to become more actively
involved in applying strategies based on an LCA perspective, including transitioning
from the supply of asphalt to cement for road construction projects, to form stronger
cooperation among interested groups, and to achieve far-reaching reductions in CO2emissions. In the cement industry, Japan has proactively contributed to the creationof a recycling-oriented society by enthusiastically harnessing waste materials asalternative energy sources and curbing the consumption of fossil fuels. In coming
years, it is hoped that the industry will contribute to reduced CO2 emissions on a
global scale through its transfers of energy-saving technology to other countries.
The four organizations representing the electrical equipment and electronics sectors
have set an average annual per unit energy consumption improvement target of 1
percent for fiscal 2020 in the Commitment. This target is based on the goals forachievement stipulated in the national Act on the Rational Use of Energy, and is tobe met through gains in manufacturing-process energy efficiency combined withemission curbs. This industry is of the view that continuing efforts to cut CO2
emissions through conventional means including the installation of high-efficiency
machinery are approaching their limits, and takes the position that despite the tougheconomic climate it faces from international competition, it can achieve its CO2
reduction target through steady, cumulative gains in production yield and productquality and progress in the conversion to alternative fuels. From an LCA perspective,
the products and services of this industry possess immense potential for reductionsof CO2. Under the Commitment, specific measures have been laid out forcontributions to curbs on CO2 emissions through enhancements in the performanceof power generation technologies, household electrical appliances, and informationand communications technology (ICT) equipment. Although various challenges
remain, including the task of establishing methods to quantify expected CO2
reductions available for specific products and services, it is hoped that these efforts
will lead to the establishment of methodologies that are acceptable to internationalsociety at large as well as to an expansion in exports of environmentally friendly
Japanese products and services.
The Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association and Japan Auto-Body Industries
Association declared industry-wide CO2 reduction targets under Keidanren’s
Voluntary Action Plan on the Environment. For the period from fiscal 2008 through2012, manufacturers in these sectors aimed for an average target reduction of 25
percent compared to the fiscal 1990 emission level, and the likelihood that they will
generally meet this target appears high. Under the Commitment, they have declared67

a target reduction of 28 percent compared to 1990 in fiscal 2020. This target is basedon an assumed increase in CO2 emissions over the decade to fiscal 2020, attributable
to a 10 percent expansion in the number of vehicles produced with next-generation
vehicles making up an 18 percent share. Compared to BAU-based CO2 emissions, a
reduction of 1.65 million tons has been targeted, and will be achieved throughroughly equivalent contributions from efforts in energy conservation andimprovements in per unit electricity consumption. However, the improvements
derived from the latter will depend on the composition of electric power sources
utilized by the power industry. In this context, significant uncertainty surrounds the
reductions possible under the current lack of a timeline for the resumption ofoperations at nuclear power stations. Energy conservation-based measures to reduce
CO2 emissions would include facility improvements by the suppliers and consumersof energy for manufacturing processes, improvements in operations management,
conversion to alternative energy sources, the steady development of innovativetechnologies for these purposes, and efforts to conserve energy use by offices andresearch facilities. This industry can make major contributions to the reduction of
CO2 emissions through efforts that influence automobile life cycles, including
improvements in vehicle fuel economy and the development and commercializationof next-generation models. Preliminary estimates of CO2 reduction potential in fiscal
2020 put it at 6 to 10 million tons domestically (reduction potential from fiscal 2010)
and approximately 17 million tons abroad (assuming next-generation vehicles willaccount for an 18 percent share of all vehicles on the global market in fiscal 2020, inline with the ratio expected in Japan). In the years ahead, it is hoped that Japanese
automakers will augment energy-saving measures in their manufacturing processes
with active efforts to promote the market penetration of models boasting improved
fuel efficiency as well as next-generation models in Japan and abroad.
b. Energy
The hearings held with members of the energy industry included interviews withJapan Gas Association representatives. Evaluations of the Federation of ElectricPower Companies of Japan and the Petroleum Association of Japan— whose
industries are two major sources of CO2 emissions—were also undertaken based on
the Commitment9 that was covered in a November 2010 report.
9

See the Keidanren document submitted at the November 19, 2010 Hearings on
Three Key Initiatives for Action against Global Warming.
(http://www.npu.go.jp/policy/policy07/pdf/20101203_02/siryou3.pdf) (in Japanese)
68The Japan Gas Association has already improved its city gas production efficiency toa level of 99.5 percent. Given that additional gains on a per-unit output basis areapproaching their limits and the fact that study is under way on the possibility of
expanding cogeneration and other new business operations, it is estimated that thisindustry will achieve CO2 reductions of 9.5 to 10.0 g-CO2/m3 by fiscal 2020 (details
under examination), for an improvement on the reductions it achieved in fiscal 2011.
However, with the current trend toward reduced reliance on nuclear power, it isprojected that demand for natural gas will climb in the future. This underscores thepossibility that gas cogeneration, LNG combined cycle power generation, and otherforms of expansion in the power generating sector will have the effect of boosting
unit output by the gas industry at large. In the years ahead, disclosures of CO2
emission data not only for the city gas supply system but for the industry as a wholewill be called for. It is estimated that as in the case of the petroleum industry, thepotential for CO2 reductions by industrial sectors that utilize gas also will besignificant. Specific examples would include a shift to cars powered by natural gas,
conversions to natural gas as a source of heat for industrial applications,cogeneration, and fuel cells for household applications. The majority would involve
substituting alternatives to petroleum products. In the future, joint studies withrelated industrial sectors on optimal systems for introduction will be needed.
In hearings with the Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan, it wasdetermined that in view of revisions to national energy and nuclear power policies
following the March 2011 disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station,
the year 2020 CO2 reduction target level (approximately 20 percent lower unit CO2
emissions than the level recorded in fiscal 2009) would need to be reexamined. Unitemissions from the generation of electric power have a major impact on theemissions total. This factor calls for continued efforts toward improvement including
the resumption of nuclear power plant operations.
The Petroleum Association of Japan has declared an energy conservation target of
530,000 kL/year in crude oil equivalents by the year 2020 (corresponding to 1.4
million tons of CO2/year). This reflects the fact that oil refineries in Japan alreadyare among the most energy-efficient in the world and have little margin left for
further energy-saving gains. Strategies reported to offer the potential for further cutsin CO2 emissions would include the utilization of biofuels in the transportation
sector, the market penetration of vehicles powered by clean diesel fuels, the widened
utilization of high-efficiency oil-fired boilers and petroleum-based fuel cells, andother undertakings backed by strengthened collaboration among interested groups.
69

The years ahead will call for efforts to reduce CO2 emissions from an LCA
perspective through strengthened cooperative arrangements with related institutions
that utilize petroleum products.
(ii) Commitments for other sectors
The Scheduled Airlines Association of Japan notes that its industry is acting in linewith a program for achievement of targets under the Kyoto Protocol, specificallyover the five years from 2008 through 2012 to curb unit energy consumed (fuelconsumption per paid ton per km) by an average 15 percent compared to 1995.
Having already achieved an improvement of 17 percent in fiscal 2010, the industry
decided to redouble its efforts under the Commitment to a Low carbon Society andstates that it will reduce unit energy consumed in fiscal 2020 by 21 percent
compared to fiscal 2005. To meet this goal, Association members have been working
to build fleets of new aircraft equipped with composite materials for weight
reduction and engines rated for better fuel efficiency. Additionally, they plan to
improve fuel efficiency through routine engine flushes and to transition to lighter
payloads. It is recommended that they put into operation eco-flights that can
maximize the reduction of CO2 emissions while improving the conveniences for
consumers of their services. Hopes also are that the future development andcommercialization of bio-jet fuels will provide a favorable tailwind for sustainable
undertakings.
The NTT Group has announced a target (compared to fiscal 2008) comprising plansto reduce Group CO2 emissions by at least 15 percent (600,000 t-CO2) compared to
the BAU level in fiscal 2020, in line with three Group concepts: “Green of ICT”
toward 2020 (reduction of the environmental load from NTT’s own business
operations); “Green by ICT” (contributions to the reduction of environmental load
on a society-wide scale through the penetration and expansion of ICT services); and“Green with Team NTT” (reduction of environmental load through employee
eco-practices). Amid expectations of an increase in CO2 emissions stemming fromenhancements to infrastructure for next-generation networks and high-speed wirelessservices, the NTT Group plans to move closer to its reduction target with steps toconserve energy use at telecommunications facilities and data centers andemployee-led energy-saving practices including workplace lights-out policies. Alsofrom the standpoint of achieving tangible CO2 reduction benefits through theutilization of ICT, in the years ahead it is hoped that this industry will assume theinitiative in the drive to establish international standards for environmental
70

assessment methods.
The Japan Soft Drink Association states that its industry has been confronted by agrowth trend in energy consumption (in 2010, up 2.56-fold compared to 1990) thatstems from a shift in consumer preferences over the past 20 years (e.g., marked bystrong growth in demand for bottled mineral water and green tea products) but has
been able to control relative growth in CO2 emissions (in 2010, up 2.07-foldcompared to 1990) by converting to fuels with a smaller emission factor. Given that
this industry has already made substantial headway with the fuel conversion process
and has expanded the number of sterilization stages on its production lines as an
outgrowth of increases in its product categories and a heightened reliance on
high-frequency, small-lot production, the Association foresees that additional curbs
on energy consumption will be difficult. Nonetheless, we still would like to see theindustry form tie-ups with convenience store chains and vending machine operatorsand implement public relations campaigns aimed at influencing consumerpurchasing behavior.
According to the Japan Mining Industry Association, the mining industry in Japan
faces a tough international climate marked by oligopolistic trends among leading
mining companies, rapid growth in Chinese demand for resources, and the rise ofresource nationalism. These trends have prompted mining companies in Japan tosecure mining rights through management efficiency and joint smelting operations,participate in the development and operation of new mines, and actively pursue
recycling programs for the effective use of domestic resources. Due to the
pronounced decline in the quality of copper ores in recent years, the volume ofenergy utilized for copper smelting operations has been on an uptrend. Nonetheless,the industry has announced its commitment to reduce CO2 emissions per unit output
in fiscal 2020 by 25 percent compared to fiscal 1990 through maximal
implementation of cutting-edge technologies including those for waste-heat recovery
and electric motors equipped with power inverters. However, there is concern thatparticipants in the mining industry may accelerate their withdrawal from thedomestic sector (moving operations offshore) should business conditions deteriorate
any further.
The Japan Lime Manufacture Association has announced a fiscal 2020 CO2 emission
target of 3.006 million t-CO2, which constitutes a 150,000-ton reduction from the
BAU scenario. This target takes into account historical trends in lime use by the steel
industry—the largest consumer of lime—as well as projections of future lime
71

production, and is to be met through measures including the conversion of facilities
to new kilns with improved energy efficiency (e.g., shaft kilns) and the expanded
utilization of recycled fuels. In view of the ability of the lime industry to fully satisfy
its mineral resource needs with domestic sources, expectations are that it willcontribute to CO2 reductions over the entire product life cycle by working toward
tie-ups with interested groups in a broad spectrum of industrial sectors.
The Japan Rubber Manufacturers Association has declared a CO2 emission target perunit output for fiscal 2020 that is 15 percent below the fiscal 2005 level. The plan isto achieve this reduction chiefly through the installation of high-efficiency
cogeneration facilities and conversion to alternative fuels. In the interest of
promoting fuel-efficient tire products from an LCA perspective, in January 2010 thetire industry in Japan launched a tire labeling system based on a framework that rates
tire performance in terms of two factors: “rolling resistance” and “wet grip.” It is
worth noting that tire manufacturers in Europe, North America, and South Korea
have been exploring the idea of adopting this framework. It is hoped that the tire
industry will strengthen its cross-industrial alliances particularly with the cement andautomotive industries in the years ahead.
Taking the goals of the current Voluntary Action Plan to heart (targeting a 13 percent
reduction in CO2 emissions per unit construction value by fiscal 2012), the Japan
Federation of Construction Contractors has stated in the Commitment to a Low
carbon Society that by fiscal 2020 it aims to cut CO2 emissions per unit construction
value by 20 percent. The Federation deserves high marks for the earnest efforts it has
made to bring about additional CO2 reductions in this industry. Those efforts
comprise the implementation of energy-conserving lights-out and no-idling policies,
the establishment of common implementation-rate targets for construction sites inareas where improvements are attainable, the management of progress toward thosetargets, and exhaustive policies for the fuel-efficient operation of dump-trucks andtrucks. It is believed that the success with which the construction industry promotes
energy-saving designs in its projects through collaboration with the Real Estate
Companies Association of Japan and other groups will be of key importance incurbing CO2 emissions within the commercial and residential sectors in coming
years.
The Japan Building Owners and Managers Association has not been a participant in
the current Voluntary Action Plan. However, it was one of the earliest organizations
to announce plans to participate in the Commitment to a Low carbon Society. As aconsortium of blue-chip office-building managers, the Association has already been72

engaged in tireless efforts to improve emission levels per unit energy consumed inline with the set of Building Energy Management Guidelines it formulated in June
2008. In the Commitment to a Low carbon Society, the Association declared its
participation in CO2 countermeasures in the commercial sector by defining targeted
implementation rates for 93 CO2 reduction measures that are covered by the
aforementioned guidelines. (For example, the target for the transition to LED
lighting [currently at 14 percent] calls for a 95-percent implementation rate by theyear 2020.) Its success in teaming up with national and local governments to pursue
similar measures for small and medium-scale buildings will be a future challenge.
The Real Estate Companies Association of Japan is currently working to reduceenergy consumption at buildings under its members’ management (over the five-year
span from fiscal 2008 through 2012, for an average reduction of 5 percent comparedto fiscal 1990) while also exploring ways to incorporate higher levels ofenvironmental performance into new office buildings and condominium complexes
for sale that will be built in the period leading up to 2020. Both of these are
initiatives under the Action Plan for Low carbon Urban Development. However,building contractors and managers are limited in their ability to bring about
improvements because tenant-related activities typically account for approximately
70 percent of all energy consumption within a given structure. This reality will callfor efforts to establish closer cooperative arrangements with tenants in the years
ahead.
(2) The Commitment from a Comprehensive Perspective
This section reports on ways the 16 interviewed sectors have been striving to
implement elements of the Commitment. We applied a comprehensive perspectivethat examined sector performance in terms of the four principal components of theCommitment: reduction targets, cooperation with other interested groups,
international contributions, and innovations in technology.
(i) Establishment of CO2 reduction targets for the period to 2020
Of the 16 sectors that were interviewed during the hearings, nine had establishedreduction targets based on unit energy consumed or CO2 per unit of output. As noted
before in the context of the Voluntary Action Plan to date, the utilization of such
units as indicators or yardsticks is of critical importance to the task of measuring thelevels of performance or effort made by industrial sectors. However, identifying
quantitative reductions in CO2 demands that we have data on total CO2 emissions. In
the interest of improved transparency as well, each sector needs to provide data on
73total CO2 emissions and perform a causal analysis of quantitative reductions
attributable to activity levels, structural changes, and unit output.
(ii) Strengthened cooperation with other interested groups
Many sectors are finding it increasingly difficult to achieve further, significant
quantitative reductions in their CO2 emissions through improvements in unit output
or unit energy consumed or through structural changes to their lines of products andservices. Their margin for future reductions will come primarily from energy-saving
practices in office buildings and the transport stages for raw materials and finishedproducts. Additionally, they should be able to develop energy-saving household
appliances, fuel-efficient automobiles, heavily insulated homes, and other low
carbon products and services that allow significant reductions in CO2 emissions
during the utilization or consumption stages. Reducing CO2 emissions from products
and services from the perspective of life cycle will demand stronger cross-industrial
alliances. For example, developing tires with reduced rolling resistance andtransitioning from asphalt- to concrete-paved roads will involve technology-related
development work on the same level of importance as the development oflightweight automobiles. Establishing tie-ups that enable separate interested groups
to cooperate with one another in initiatives can be expected to generate synergistic
effects on a broader, comprehensive scale. A majority of the sectors interviewed
during the hearings associated with this report were engaged in a range ofundertakings aimed at cutting CO2 emissions from the perspective of product life
cycle. We look forward to seeing the public and private sectors work more closely
together to help strengthen levels of cooperation among interested groups in theyears ahead. In the process, methodologies that facilitate analyses of CO2 emissions
from a product life cycle perspective will need to be developed.
(iii) International contributions
Although Japanese industry confronts limits to its ability to reduce CO2 emissions
within Japan, it faces mounting expectations that it will contribute more tocountermeasures against climate change on a global scale by leveraging theadvanced low carbon technologies now at its command. Japanese industry can makeinternational contributions by promoting the foreign acceptance and penetration ofenvironmentally friendly Japanese products and technologies and implementing
forestation programs and other undertakings aimed at developing naturalenvironmental resources overseas as carbon dioxide sinks. Many industrial sectors
are already exploring or engaged in efforts to leverage their low carbon technologies
on an international scale. Identifying ways to expand their markets with technologies
74and products suited to the needs of specific countries is the challenge that lies ahead.
Forestation programs thus far have been implemented by only a few sectors
including members in the Japan Paper Association. In coming years, additional
sectors will need to do more in the area of forest protection through cooperation with
REDD+ and other government-led infrastructure development programs.
(iv) Development of innovative technologies
The sectors interviewed during hearings by this Committee generally do not expect
to reap any meaningful CO2 reduction benefits from innovative technologies in the
period leading up to year 2020. As reasons for that outlook, they cited limits to thebenefits available from investments in energy-saving and low carbon technologies
and slow sales revenue growth due to the effects of the strong yen, among otherfactors. In terms of fostering Japan’s competitiveness in overseas markets,
developing innovative technologies is vitally important to the nation in its position
as a technology powerhouse. To sustain Japan’s competitive edge in the international
marketplace, in the years ahead it is advisable that Japanese industry pursue
advanced environmental technology development programs from a long-range
perspective.
3. Conclusions
During the hearings, representatives from participating industries described inquantitative as well as qualitative terms the maximum effort their own sectors areprepared to make and explained their views on targets for accomplishment and thesuitability of those targets. They are to be credited for generally fulfilling a certain
measure of accountability on this subject.
Members of the Evaluation Committee were strongly interested in the potential for
CO2 reductions through global activities and strategies based on life cycle. They
gained a firsthand understanding of the real strength of Japan’s supporting industries
from the detailed and specific explanations they heard on distinctive productundertakings tailored to the circumstances of different industries and businesssectors. Actively promoting the penetration of these products and leveraging theirbenefits for effective CO2 reductions will be needed in the future.
As another challenge for the future, we look forward to seeing participating
industries make further efforts to form stronger cross-industrial alliances andimprove their information-sharing activities within Japan and at the international
level. Public-private collaboration, moreover, will be indispensable to the tasks ofestablishing computational methods for LCA-based undertakings, further harnessing
75

the potential for CO2 reductions overseas, and cultivating a climate conducive to thedevelopment of innovative technologies. The Evaluation Committee looks forward
to sustained improvements in the PDCA cycle.
Under the Voluntary Action Plan, participating industries declared their own
voluntary targets for the reduction of CO2 emissions while Keidanren also declared aset of uniform targets and pursued voluntary programs for the achievement of thesetargets by industry as a whole. Thanks to the steady and earnest efforts thatparticipating industries have made thus far, the reduction targets for the first phase ofcommitments appear to have been largely met. Through the activities they pursued
during this phase, participating industries acquired the ability to objectively identify
the factors and challenges that deserve the attention of GHG countermeasures.
The Commitment depends on how well society is able to benefit from theaccomplishments participating industries have made in reducing CO2 emissions todate and the expertise they have amassed in the process. Within Japan, this will bemanifested in municipal action plans as well as activities on a national level;
overseas, it will translate into efforts to promote the penetration of low carbon
products and systems of technology with priority on emerging nations. To provide
support to this bottom-up approach by participating industries, Keidanren needs totake steps to build necessary frameworks and expand public relations activities as
required for educational purposes and to encourage wider acceptance andunderstanding of the Commitment and its goals.

76Members of the Evaluation Committee for
Keidanren's Commitment to a Low carbon Society

Committee Chair
Dr. Yoji Uchimaya (Professor, Graduate School of Systems and Information
Engineering, University of Tsukuba)

Members (in alphabetical order by last name)
Dr. Tadashi Aoyagi (Former Senior Research Director, Mitsubishi Research Institute,Inc.)
Ms. Kiyoe Asada (President, Women’s Energy Network)
Mr. Kazuya Kojitani (Executive Director and Secretary General, Green Purchasing
Network)Dr. Ryuji Matsuhashi (Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, The University ofTokyo)
Mr. Ikufumi Niimi (Professor, School of Law, Meiji University)
Ms. Yuko Sakita (Journalist and Environment Counselor)
Mr. Isao Sugaya (Assistant General Secretary)
Mr. Michio Ushioda (Editorial Writer, The Mainichi Newspapers)
Dr. Kanji Yoshioka (Professor Emeritus, Keio University)

77

Ⅴ．Keidanren’s Commitment toa Low Carbon Society78

Keidanren’s Commitment to a Low Carbon Society
15 December 2009
Nippon Keidanren
1. Basic Concept
After establishing its Global Environmental Charter in 1991, Nippon Keidanren went
on to lead in the implementation of responsible initiatives aimed at finding solutions
to the problems of climate change. In particular, even prior to adoption of the Kyoto
Protocol, Keidanren formulated a Voluntary Action Plan on the Environment in
1997, and on that basis, sought to achieve reductions in domestic emissions of CO2
principally within the industrial and energy-conversion sectors. Undertakings inthese areas by the business community have been enormously successful in fostering
the development of a wide array of low carbon technologies driven by Japanese
ingenuity.
Nonetheless, the level of global greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere hascontinued to expand unabated at a rapid pace. Along with limits on the utilisation ofnatural resources and energy, climate change stands before us as an immediatechallenge threatening the sustainable development of the world economy itself. The
Japanese business community is determined to further refine and build on theworld-leading technologies it has developed and amassed to date, and actively
contribute to the mitigation and solution of these problems.
Climate change constitutes a long-range, global-scale problem. To address it, we
hereby declare, as a shared vision, our resolve as members of the Japanese business
community to harness our technological prowess and assume an instrumental role inthe drive to halve global GHG emissions by the year 2050.
To this end, in the coming decade to 2020, domestically, we will fully implement thebest available technologies (BAT), and on that basis, strive for maximum reductions
in CO2 emissions from the business and household sectors. Furthermore, overseas,
we will actively furnish assistance for motivated initiatives aimed at stemmingclimate change. And in the process, we will strategically develop innovativetechnologies that promise breakthroughs in the quest to halve CO2 emissions by
2050.
79

In keeping with these perspectives, Keidanren will move forward with efforts toformulate its “Commitment to a Low Carbon Society” as a re-envisioning of its
current Voluntary Action Plan.
We hereby declare that Japanese industry, acting in line with this Commitment, will
move ahead with its drive to develop and implement commercially viable low
carbon technologies that are among the most advanced in the world and assume
global leadership in the effort to create a low carbon society that achieves economic
growth in harmony with the environment.
2. Overview of the Commitment
2.1 Core Policies(1) Participating industries and companies (collectively, “participating industries”)
pledge to provide society with world-leading low carbon technologies while
maintaining and/or improving their own levels of energy efficiency.
(2) Participating industries will publicly announce and pursue a set of voluntary
initiatives in line with section 2.2 below in the interest of fostering the developmentof a low carbon society of global scale.
(3) Keidanren will pursue the PDCA cycle in partnership with government to ensurethat the initiatives by participating industries are steadily and reliably implemented.
2.2 Structure(1) Establishment of reduction targets for domestic business operations up to theyear 2020
a. Set numerical CO2 reduction targets for the year 2020 based on international
comparisons of energy efficiency for each industrial sector in areas ranging fromproduction and service provision to business operations and logistics, and on theassumption that BAT will be implemented whenever new facilities are built or
existing facilities are updated. Targets will be expressed in CO2 emissions intensity
or as CO2 emissions.

80

b. In setting numerical targets, utilise international comparisons of energy efficiency
and disclose BAT details and implementation plans to demonstrate to theinternational community that the targets represent the deepest reduction levels
attainable.
c. Additionally, explore ways of guaranteeing that targets will be achieved.
(2) Strengthened cooperation with other interested groupsa. In the interest of paving the way to the creation of a low carbon society,participating industries will strengthen their cooperative ties with consumers,
customers, employees, local communities, and other interested groups.
Specifically, take steps to reduce CO2 emissions through product life cycles,
including the development and commercialisation of products and services thatharness world-leading energy-saving technologies.
b. To complement these efforts, pursue independent initiatives in employee
education, information disclosure to consumers (e.g., highlighting levels of CO2
emitted when products are used), forestation, and assistance to NPOs, and contributeto efforts to reduce CO2 emissions across a broad spectrum of sectors, from businessto transport to households.
(3) Contributions on the international levela. Actively participate in the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development andClimate (APP) and other international frameworks for development assistance andactively transfer advanced Japanese technology and expertise to motivateddeveloping countries in compliance with international rules.
b. Demonstrate stronger leadership and pursue collaborative ventures aimed at
reinforcing private-led cooperative international undertakings in electric power, steel,chemicals, cement, and other industrial sectors committed to the creation of a low
carbon society on a global scale.
(4) Development of innovative technologies
Japan needs to build a development strategy for the technologies that will facilitate
the achievement of the long-term goal of halving global GHG emissions by the year812050. To this end, each industrial sector should collaborate with universities andother centres of research, clearly identify the technical challenges as well as the
GHG reduction potential of those innovations that should be developed andtransformed into commercially viable technologies, and prepare and pursue a
medium- to long-range road map for the development and dissemination of newtechnologies.

82Industrial
SectorBusiness
SectorTransportation
Sector Set reduction targets assuming widespread implementationof the best available technologies for the low carbon path.
* Demonstrate viability of targeted reduction levels.
Domestic
Measures

Explore ways of guaranteeing
reduction targets will be achieved.
Stronger collaboration with
consumers, etc.
 Development and commercial adoption of world-leading energy-saving
products and services
 Efforts to educate employees and provide information to consumers

International
Contributions

 Transfers of advanced technology and expertise to motivated developing
countries in compliance with international rules
 Reinforcement of private-led undertakings in international cooperation

DevelopmentofInnovative
Technologies

 Formulation and pursuit of sector-specific, medium- to long-range
technology development road maps leading to the creation of a low carbon
society on a global scale

83

Contribution to the global goal of halving GHG emissions
by the year 2050

Corporate Operations

Year 2020: Strengthening of domestic GHG
reduction measures

Keidanren’s Commitment to a Low Carbon Society