㪉㪇㪇㪌㪙㪇㪈㪎㪐㩷 㩷㪙㪣㪈㪐㪙㪉᡼኿శ &7 ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣࠍ↪޿ߚ㜞ᒝᐲ㍑ਛߩ∋ഭ߈ⵚߩᬌ಴߅ࠃ߮ቯ㊂⊛⹏ଔਛ੗ ༀ৻ 㧘↰ਛ ᜏ 㧘ችਅ ථ਽ 㧘የⷺ ⧷Პ 㧘ႮỈ ᄢノ 㧘᫪ᓇ ᐽ 'HWHFWLRQRIIDWLJXHFUDFNVLQKLJKVWUHQJWKVWHHOVE\V\QFKURWURQUDGLDWLRQ&7LPDJLQJE\<RVKLND]X1$.$,+LURVKL7$1$.$7DNX\D0,<$6+,7$ +LGHNL2.$'2'DLNL6+,2=$:$DQG<DVXVKL025,.$*(NH\ZRUGV)DWLJXH9HU\ORQJOLIH)DWLJXH+LJKVWUHQJWKVWHHO6\QFKURWURQUDGLDWLRQ63ULQJ5HIUDFWLRQ&RQWUDVW  ✜  ⸒  ࡄ࡯࡜ࠗ࠻⋧߅ࠃ߮੺࿷‛ߩᬌ಴ታ㛎⎕უ੐᡿ߩේ࿃ⓥ᣿߿ߘߩ⎕უࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩ⸃᣿ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘᭴ㅧㇱ᧚ౝㇱߩ⹦⚦ߥⷰኤᚻᴺ߇ᔅⷐਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ㧚଀߃߫㧘ᓥ᧪ߩ⠴∋ഭ⸳⸘ߢߪߎࠇએ਄ߪ∋ഭ߈ⵚ߇⊒↢ߒߥ޿ߣߐࠇߡ߈ߚ⿥㐳ኼ๮ၞ䋨➅ࠅ㄰ߒᢙ㧦 ࿁⒟ᐲ䋩ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘∋ഭ߈ⵚ߇᧚ᢱౝㇱࠃࠅ⊒↢ߔࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ∋ഭ߈ⵚ⊒↢ߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߦߟ޿ߡߪ߹ߛផ᷹ߩၞࠍ಴ߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘ߎߩ⸃᣿߇∋ഭ⎕უ੐᡿㒐ᱛߩ༛✕ߩ⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚৻⥸ߦ㋕♽᧚ᢱߩౝㇱⷰኤߦ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ↥ᬺ↪ ; ✢ &7 ᴺ߿⿥㖸ᵄࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣᴺߢߪ㧘PP એਅߩኸᴺߩౝㇱ੺࿷‛߿߈ⵚࠍ㕖⎕უߢᬌ಴ߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿㧚ߘߎߢ㧘ᧄ⺖㗴ታ㛎⠪ࠄߪ㧘㋕㍑᧚ᢱߩౝㇱⷰኤߦ᡼኿శߩㆡ↪ࠍឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚㧭ᦼߩታ㛎‫ޟ‬᡼኿శ &7 ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࠍ↪޿ߚ㜞ᒝᐲ㍑ਛߩ੺࿷‛ߩᬌ಴߅ࠃ߮ቯ㊂⊛⹏ଔ‫ߦޠ‬߅޿ߡ㧘᡼኿శ &7 ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘㜞ᒝᐲ㍑ౝㇱߩ㊄ዻ⚵❱ࠍ㕖⎕უ⊛ߦᬌ಴ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘੺࿷‛ߩಽᨆ⚿ᨐࠃࠅ㧘੺࿷‛߅ࠃ߮ࡄ࡯࡜ࠗ࠻⋧߇หߓࠃ߁ߥಽᏓ௑ะߢሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ㧚ߎߩߎߣ߆
ࠄ᡼኿శ &7 ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߢߪ੺࿷‛߅ࠃ߮ࡄ࡯࡜ࠗ࠻⋧ߩߤߜࠄ߆㧘߹ߚߪߘߩਔᣇࠍᬌ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇ㧘⹦⚦ߥᬌ⸛߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㧚
% ᦼታ㛎‫ޟ‬㜞ᒝᐲ㍑ਛߩ∋ഭ߈ⵚኸᴺ߅ࠃ߮૏⟎ߩቯ㊂⊛⹏ଔ‫ޠ‬㧔⺖㗴⇟ภ㧦%㧕ߢߪ㧘߹ߕ᡼኿శߦࠃࠆ੺࿷‛ߣࡄ࡯࡜ࠗ࠻⋧ߩᬌ಴ߩน⢻ᕈߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧚ᰴߦ㧘ߨߓࠅ∋ഭ⹜㛎ߦࠃࠅዉ౉ߐࠇߚ∋ഭ⴫㕙߈ⵚߩᬌ಴ࠍⴕ޿㧘᡼኿శ&7 ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߦࠃࠆ∋ഭ߈ⵚߩቯ㊂⊛⹏ଔ߳ߩㆡ↪ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚  ታ㛎ᣇᴺᧄታ㛎ߪ㧘ᄢဳ᡼኿శᣉ⸳ 63ULQJ ߩ↥ᬺ↪ࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦ %/%㧘╙  ࡂ࠶࠴ߦ߅޿ߡⴕࠊࠇߚ㧚╙  ࡂ࠶࠴ߪࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣ↪ߩᣉ⸳ߢ޽ࠆ㧚᷹ቯⵝ⟎ߩ᭴ᚑ᭎ⷐࠍ )LJ ߦ␜ߔ㧚ᬌ಴ེߣߒߡ࠭࡯ࡒ
ࡦࠣ▤㧔ᵿ᧻ࡈࠜ࠻࠾ࠢࠬ⵾㧘㧯㧕߅ࠃ߮ &&'ࠞࡔ࡜ࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚⹜ᢱࠍㅘㆊߒߚ ; ✢ߪᬌ಴ེߦࠃ
ࠅ᠟ᓇߐࠇ㧘೙ᓮ↪ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߦ⸥㍳ߐࠇࠆ㧚⹜ᢱߪࠬ࠹࡯ࠫߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ࠬ࠹࡯ࠫࠍ࿁ォߐߖࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ⹜ᢱߦኻߔࠆ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᣇะ߆ࠄߩ ;✢ㅘㆊ௝ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ోᣇะߩ ; ✢ㅘㆊ௝ࠍ &7 ߩේℂࠍ↪޿ߡౣ᭴ᚑߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘⹜ᢱౝㇱߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࠍᓧࠆ㧚  ⹜ᢱ
᡼኿శ &7 65&7 ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߢߪ㧘੺࿷‛߅ࠃ߮ࡄ࡯࡜ࠗ࠻⋧ߩߤߜࠄ߆㧘߹ߚߪߘߩਔᣇࠍᬌ
಴ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ㧚ߘߎߢᧄታ㛎ߢߪ㧘ࡄ࡯࡜ࠗ࠻⋧ߩߺߩᬌ಴ࠍ⹜ߺߚ㧚᷹ቯ↪⹜ᢱߣߒߡᯏ᪾᭴ㅧ↪㜞὇⚛㍑ 6& ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘᡼኿శ &7ߦࠃࠅߘߩౝㇱ㊄ዻ⚵❱ߩⷰኤࠍⴕߞߚ㧚ᧄ᷹ቯߦ↪޿ߚ 6&㧘߅ࠃ߮ 㧭ᦼߩ᷹ቯߦ↪޿ߚᔟ೥㍑ 6$(/ ߩࡑࠗࠢࡠ⚵❱౮⌀ࠍ )LJ  D  E ߅)LJ  6FKHPDWLFLOOXVWUDWLRQRIPHDVXUHPHQWV\VWHP ␹ᚭᄢቇᎿቇㇱᯏ᪾Ꮏቇ⑼ ␹ᚭᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ ᯏ᪾࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⑼ቇኾ᡹
 ⽷ ᣂ↥ᬺഃㅧ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ ᩣ Ꮉፒ㊀Ꮏᬺ ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲ -)(ࠬ࠴࡯࡞ ᩣ ࠬ࠴࡯࡞⎇ⓥᚲ

− 80 −)LJ  &URVVVHFWLRQVRI6\QFKURWURQ5DGLDWLRQ
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 E ߦ␜ߒߚࡄ࡯࡜ࠗ࠻⋧ߩࠃ߁ߥ௝߇ᬌ಴ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧚ߎࠇࠄߩⷰኤ⚿ᨐࠃࠅ㧘᡼኿శ &7 ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߢߪ㧘ࡄ࡯࡜ࠗ࠻⋧ߢߪߥߊ੺࿷‛ࠍᬌ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚  ∋ഭ߈ⵚߩᬌ಴
᡼኿శ &7 ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣࠍㆡ↪ߒ㧘ᓸዊߥ∋ഭ߈ⵚߩቯ㊂⊛⹏ଔࠍⴕߞߚ㧚  ⹜ᢱ⹜ᢱߣߒߡ㧘ߨߓࠅ∋ഭ⹜㛎ߦࠃࠅ⎕ᢿߒߚ⹜㛎ࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚⹜㛎 ߩ᧚ᢱߪ⥄േゞ↪㜞ᒝᐲ㍑ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ൻቇᚑಽ߅ࠃ߮ᯏ᪾⊛ᕈ⾰ࠍ 7DEOH  ߅߅߮ ߦߘࠇߙࠇ␜ߔ㧚ߨߓࠅ∋ഭ⹜㛎᧦ઙߪ㧘ߖࠎᢿᔕ
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&UDFN$ ߪ  ߟߩඨߛ౞ᒻ⁁ߩ߈ⵚ㧘ߔߥࠊߜ &UDFN$ ߅ࠃ߮ &UDFN $ ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆
ࠆ㧚&UDFN $ ߩ߈ⵚ㐳ߐߪ⚂ PP㧘߈ⵚᷓߐߪ⚂PP ߢ޽ࠅ㧘&UDFN$ ߩ߈ⵚ㐳ߐߪ⚂ PP㧘߈ⵚ)LJ  65&7LPDJHRIIDWLJXHFUDFN%
ᷓߐߪ⚂ PP ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ &UDFN $ ߩ਄┵߇ḧᦛߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘߈ⵚㅴዷ߇ 0RGHΤဳ߆ࠄ 0RGHΣဳߦㆫ⒖ߒߚߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚&UDFN% ߩ᡼኿శ &7 ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣ⚿ᨐࠍ )LJߦ␜ߔ㧚)LJ ߢߪ㧘)LJ ߣห᭽ߦਃᰴరࠗࡔ࡯− 82 −ࠫൻಣℂࠍᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚)LJ ࠃࠅ㧘⹜ᢱߩಾᢿ㕙ߢ߈ⵚᷓߐ߇ᦨ߽ᄢ߈ߊߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘⹜ᢱߩടᎿᤨߦ߈ⵚ߇ಾᢿߐࠇߚ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘⴫㕙߈ⵚ߇᏷ 㨪PP ⒟ᐲߩ㗔ၞߦಽ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ߎࠇߪ㧘߈ⵚ߇ㇱಽ⊛ߦ㐽ญߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣⷰኤ⚿ᨐࠃࠅ㧘᡼኿శ &7ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߢߪ㧘⚂ PP ⒟ᐲߩ߈ⵚᷓߐࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⴫㕙߈ⵚߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ౝㇱߩኸᴺ߅ࠃ߮⹦⚦ߥᒻ⁁
ࠍቯ㊂⊛ߦ⹏ଔߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚᡼኿శ &7ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߪ㧘㜞ಽ⸃⢻ߢౝㇱߩᰳ㒱ࠍⷰኤߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘㜞♖ᐲߥ੐᡿ේ࿃⸃᣿࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡ᦭↪ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚  ⚿⸒᡼኿శ &7 ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣࠍㆡ↪ߒ㧘㜞ᒝᐲ㍑ౝㇱߩ੺࿷‛߅ࠃ߮∋ഭ߈ⵚߩቯ㊂⊛⹏ଔࠍⴕߞߚ㧚㜞὇⚛㍑ 6& ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ࡄ࡯࡜ࠗ࠻⋧ߩᬌ಴ࠍ⹜ߺߚ㧚᷹ቯ⚿ᨐ߅ࠃ߮⚵❱ⷰኤ⚿ᨐࠍᲧセߒߚߣߎࠈ㧘
6& ⹜ᢱౝㇱߦࡄ࡯࡜ࠗ࠻⋧ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ⚵❱ߪⷰኤߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߎࠄࠇߩ⚿ᨐࠃࠅ㧘᡼኿శ &7 ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߢߪࡄ࡯࡜ࠗ࠻⋧ߢߪߥߊ㧘੺࿷‛ࠍᬌ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ㧚65&7 ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣ
ࠍ↪޿ߡ∋ഭ⹜㛎ߦࠃࠅዉ౉ߐࠇߚ⴫㕙߈ⵚߩⷰኤࠍⴕߞߚ㧚߈ⵚᷓߐ PP ߩ∋ഭ߈ⵚߩᒻ⁁ࠍⷰኤߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚− 83 −