WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/REG129/3
30 October 2002
(02-5969)
Committee on Regional Trade Agreements Original:  English
INTERIM AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AND THE
FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Communication by the European Communities
I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE AGREEMENT
1. Membership, dates of signatures, ratification and entry into force
Pending entry into force of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) between the
European Communities and its Member States with the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
(FYROM), signed on 9 April 2001, the trade and trade-related provisions of the SAA have been
implemented by means of an Interim Agreement on Trade and Trade-related Matters.
The Interim Agreement on Trade and Trade-related Matters between the European
Communities and FYROM (hereinafter the Interim Agreement) was signed in Luxembourg on
9 April 2001 and entered into force on 1 June 2001.
It consolidates and enhances, on a contractual basis, the Autonomous Trade Preferences to the
South East Europe countries approved by the EU  on 18 September 2000 and applied to FYROM, with
immediate effect, on 1 December 2000.
2. Type of Agreement
The Interim Agreement establishes a free-trade area with a transitional period lasting a
maximum of ten years starting from its entry into force.
3. Scope
All sectors (HS Chapter 1-97) are covered by the Interim Agreement. Textiles and clothing,
Steel and Processed agricultural products are dealt with within respectively Protocols 1, 2 and 3 to the
Agreement.
The arrangements regarding trade in wine are defined in an additional Protocol to the Interim
Agreement.
4. Trade data
FYROM exports to the European Union (EU) amounted to €640 million in 2001, while EU
exports to FYROM were €1,161 million in the sa me year. About 50% of FYROM’s total external
trade is with the EU. Textiles and clothing and steel dominate FYROM exports to the EU; energy,
textiles and clothing and machinery are the most significant EU exports. Annex 1 contains statistical
data on EU trade with FYROM.WT/REG129/3
Page 2
II. TRADE PROVISIONS
The trade provisions of the Interim Agreement establish a free-trade area on the basis of
asymmetry by the EC: i.e. immediate liberalisation on the side of the EC, gradual liberalisation for
FYROM.  Establishment of the FTA is completed within a ten-year transitional period.
1. Import restrictions
The provisions on the gradual and asymmetric abolition of import restrictions for products
originating in the EC or FYROM relate to almost  all products covered by Chapters 1-97 of the
Combined Nomenclature with specific arrangements regarding textiles and clothing (Protocol N°1),
steel (Protocol N°2) and processed agricultural products (Protocol 3).
1.1 Duties and charges
(a) Industrial products
All Products within Chapters 25-97 of the combined nomenclature are considered to be
industrial products, with the exception of the products listed in Annex 1 § 1 (ii) of the WTO
Agreement on Agriculture.
♦ EC tariff elimination on industrial products
All customs duties on industrial products, or equivalent measures, are eliminated upon entry
into force.
♦ FYROM tariff elimination on industrial products
All customs duties on industrial products, or equivalent measures, are eliminated upon entry
into force with the exception of:
− Products listed in Annex I: reduction over  a period of ten years, from 1 January
2002 (90% of the basic duty, 80% on the second year, then 70%,60%, 50%, 40%,
30%, 20%, 10%, ending on 1 January 2011 when all remaining duties shall be
abolished),
− Products listed in Annex II: reduction over a period of ten years, from 1 January
2004 (reduction to 80% of the basic duty on 1 January of the third year, reduction
to 70% of the basic duty on 1 January of the fifth year, then 60%, 50%, 40%,20% ending on 1 January 2011 when all remaining duties shall be abolished).
− Textiles and Clothing (Protocol N°1): reduction over a period of ten years, from
1 January 2002 (to 70 % of the basic duty, 63% the 2d year, then 56%, 49%,42%, 35%, 28%, 21%, 14%) to 1 January 2011 when all remaining duties shall be
abolished).
− Steel, CET chapter 72 (Protocol N°2): reduction over a period of five years, from
1 January 2002  (reduction to 80% of the basic duty, then 60%, 40%, 20%) to
1 January 2006 when all remaining duties shall be abolished.WT/REG129/3
Page 3
(b) Agricultural and fisheries products
All Products within Chapters 1-24 of the combined nomenclature, together with the products
listed in Annex 1 § 1 (ii) of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture.
♦ EC tariff elimination on agricultural and fishery products
All customs duties and measures having equivalent effect, on imports of agricultural and
fishery products, are abolished upon entry into force of the Interim Agreement other than those of
heading Nos. 0102, 0201, 0202 and 2204 with specific arrangements and exceptions regarding:
− Products covered by chapters 7 and 8 of the combined nomenclature for which
the Common Customs Tariff provides for the application of ad valorem customs
duties and a specific customs duty, the elimination applies only to the ad valorempart of the duty.
− “Baby beef” as defined in Annex III: the customs duties applicable are 20% of
the ad valorem duty and 20% of the specific duty as laid down in the CommonCustoms Tariff of the EC, within the limit of an annual tariff quota of
1,650 tonnes expressed in carcass weight.
− The arrangements regarding trade of wine are defined in an additional protocol to
the Interim Agreement; no customs duties are applied within the limit of an
annual tariff quota of  300,000 hl.
− Certain fisheries products: the tariff lines concerned and the tariff conditions
being listed in Annex V(a).
♦ FYROM tariff elimination on agricultural and fishery products
From the entry into force of the Interim Arrangement, FYROM is to:
− Abolish its customs duties applicable on agricultural products listed in
Annex IV (a),
− Abolish its customs duties applicable on agricultural products listed in
Annex IV (b) within limits of tariff quota s indicated for each product listed in that
Annex, with a timetable for the reduction of customs duties applicable to the
quantities exceeding the tariff quotas,
− Progressively reduce its customs duties applicable on agricultural products listed
in Annex IV (c) within the limits of tariff quotas and in accordance with atimetable indicated for each product.
− Abolish its customs duties applicable on trade in wine as defined in an additional
protocol to the Interim Agreement within the limit of an annual tariff quota of
3,000 hl in 2002 with a yearly increase of 300 hl thereafter.
− Abolish all charges having an equivalent effect to a custom duty and reduce
customs duties on fish and fisheries products originating in the EC by 50% of the
MFN duty, residual duties being reduced over a period of six years to be totally
eliminated at the end of this period,WT/REG129/3
Page 4
− Reduce its tariffs applying to fish and fisheries products listed in Annex V(b) in
accordance with the conditions and timetable laid down in that Annex.
(c) Processed agricultural products
The EC and FYROM are to apply to processed agricultural products the duties detailed in
Annexes I and II of Protocol 3, respectively, in accordance with the timetable and conditions specified
therein.
1.2 Quantitative restrictions
The EC and FYROM abolished all quantitative restrictions and measures having equivalent
effects upon entry into force of the Interim Agreement (1 June 2001).
1.3 Common External Tariff
There is no provision for the establishment of a Common External Tariff.
2. Export restrictions
Special provisions outlined in the Standstill, General Safeguard and Shortage clauses (see
Safeguards).
3. Rules of origin
The criteria for defining the originating status of products in the framework of the Interim
Agreement with FYROM (rules of origin) is defined in Protocol 4 of the Interim Agreement, as
mentioned in Article 27.
The normal criteria for defining the originating status of a product has been retained
(Protocol 4 Title II) and includes provisions for non-originating materials that have been sufficiently
transformed to be considered originating (Article 6). The processing requirements are listed on a
product-by-product basis in Article 7 and Annexes I and II of Protocol 4.  Cumulation possibilities
exist on a bilateral basis (Articles 3 and 4).
The “no-drawback rule” has been introduced  in order to avoid circumvention of tariffs
(Title IV). Provisions on this matter are to be applied from 1st January 2003, while a partial derogation
to the rule in favour of FYROM is applicable until 31 December 2005, with possible review on a
mutual agreement.   
The necessary administrative procedures to claim preferential treatment are established under
Title V. Evidence of the originating status of products is to be furnished on the basis of a movementcertificate EUR.1 or an “invoice declaration”, as pr ovided in    Annex III and IV to the Protocol.
The rules of origin are in line with the Common Declaration with regard to Preferential Rules
of Origin contained in Annex II to the Agreement on Rules of origin as set out in the Final Act of the
Uruguay Round. The rules of origin contained in Protocol 4 will not result in higher tariff barriers tothird countries.
4. Standards
The Interim Agreement does not provide for cooperation to reduce differences in the field of
conformity assessment.WT/REG129/3
Page 5
4.1 Technical barriers to trade
No provision.
4.2 Sanitary and phytosanitary measures
No provision.
5. Safeguards
Under the Interim Agreement the parties can take emergency measures in the following cases:
(a) Appropriate measures (priority being given to those which least disturb the
functioning of the Agreement) may be undertaken when any product is being
imported in such increased quantities and under such conditions as to cause or
threaten to cause :
− serious injury to domestic producers of like or directly competitive products in
the territory of one of the contracting parties, or
− serious disturbances in any sector of the economy or difficulties which could bring
about serious deterioration in the economic situation of the region (Article 24).
(b) Appropriate measures (priority being given to those which least disturb the
functioning of the Agreement) may be undertaken in case of:
− a critical shortage, or threat of, of foodstuffs or other products essential to the
exporting Party, or
− re-export to a third country of a product against which the exporting Party
maintains quantitative export restrictions, export duties or measures or charges
having equivalent effect (Article 25).
The difficulties arising from one or the other situations are referred for examination to the
Cooperation Council which may take any decision need ed to put an end to such difficulties. If no
satisfactory solution has been reached within 30 days of the matter being refereed to the Cooperation
Council, the importing Party may adopt the appropriate measures to remedy the problem. On
exceptional and critical circumstances, precautionary measures may be taken by one Party which shall
inform the other Party immediate thereof.
The EC and FYROM shall not take safeguard measures that exceed what is necessary to
remedy the difficulties arisen. When taken, the safeguard measures are notified immediately to the
Cooperation Council and shall be subject to periodic consultations.
When serious balance of payments difficulties, or imminent threat thereof, occur, restrictive
measures may be adopted in accordance with the conditions established under the WTO Agreement,
including measures relating to imports, which shall be of limited duration and may not go beyond
what is necessary to remedy the balance of payments situation. A time schedule to remove the
measures shall be presented as soon as possible (Article 32).
If, given the particular sensitivity of agricultural and fisheries markets, imports of products
originating in one Party, which are the subject of concessions under the Interim Agreement, cause
serious disturbance to the markets in the other Party, both Parties shall enter into consultationsWT/REG129/3
Page 6
immediately to find an appropriate solution. Pending such solution, the Party concerned may take the
appropriate measures it deems necessary (Article 17).
6. Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures
The parties of the Interim Agreement may take anti-dumping measures in accordance with the
Agreement on implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 and its own related internal
legislation.
The Cooperation Council shall be informed of the dumping case as soon as the authorities of
the importing Party have initiated an investigation. When no end has been put to the dumping within
the meaning of Article VI of the GATT or no other satisfactory solution has been reached within
30 days of the matter being referred to the Cooperation Council, the importing Party may adopt theappropriate measures.
The Interim Agreement does not contain any provisions relating to countervailing measures.
7. Subsidies and State-Aid
Are considered as incompatible with the proper functioning of the Agreement in so far as they
may affect trade between the Parties:
− any agreement which would prevent, restrict or distort competition,
− any abuse of dominant position, 
− any public aid which distorts or threatens trade, with the exception of provisions
regarding trade in agricultural and fisheries products.
These practices shall be regulated on the basis of the relevant rules of the Treaty establishing
the European Community, each party insuring that the relevant provisions are applied within five
years after entry into force of the Agreement. FYROM has been granted, on an exceptional basis andunder certain conditions, a possibility to grant public aid for restructuring and conversion purpose of
its steel industry over a transitional period of five years after entry into force of the Agreement. The
Agreement includes transparency provisions on public aid.
In case of practices incompatible with these rules, a Party to the Agreement may under certain
conditions take appropriate measures, after consultation within the Cooperation Council, or after
thirty working days following refe rral for such consultation. Such appropriate measures may, where
the WTO Agreement applies thereto, be adopted in accordance with the procedures and under the
conditions laid down thereby or the relevant Community internal legislation.
FYROM shall progressively adjust any State m onopolies of a commercial character so as to
ensure that, by the end of the fifth year following the entry into force of this Agreement, nodiscrimination regarding the conditions under which goods are procured and marketed exists between
nationals of the Member States and FYROM. The Cooperation Council shall be informed about the
measures adopted to attain this objective.
With regards to public undertaking, each party shall ensure that as from the third year
following the date of entry into force of the Agreement, the relevant principles of the Treaty
establishing the European Community are upheld (Article 34).WT/REG129/3
Page 7
8. Sector-specific Provisions
8.1 Textiles
Protocol N°1 sets out the conditions and tim etable for FYROM’s reduction of its customs
duties on certain categories of textiles and clothing (as listed in Annex I of the Protocol).
8.2 Steel
Protocol N°2 contains four main provisions :
− It sets out the conditions and timetable for FYROM’s reduction of its customs duties on
steel products over a five years period;
− It sets the principle of a restructuring of the FYROM steel sector within a period of two
years;
− It specifies the conditions under which FYROM may exceptionally, within a period of
five years after entry into force of the Agreement, grant public aid dedicated to the reformand conversion of its steel industry;
− It entrusts the special body of the Coordination Council which already exists, the
“Contact Group on Iron and Steel Products” to discuss the implementation aspects of this
Protocol.
8.3 Agricultural and Fisheries products: Chapter II
− Agricultural products originating in FY ROM benefit on imports into EC from the
abolition of customs duties and charges having equivalent effect with the exception ofheading Nos. 0102, 0201, 0202 and 2204 and special provisions (products covered by
chapter 7 and 8) of the combined nomenclature as set out in Article 14.1,
Article 14.2. (baby beef), Article 14.4 and Article 15.1. (fisheries listed in Annex V.a.),
− Agricultural products originating in the EC  benefit on imports into FYROM from the
provisions set out in Art. 14.3. which singles out three categories of products:
− Products listed in Annex IV (a) for which all customs duties are abolished,
− Products listed in Annex IV (b) for which customs duties are abolished within
tariff quotas with a timetable for the reduction of customs duties applicable to the
quantities exceeding the tariff quotas,
− Products listed in Annex IV (c) for which customs duties are reduced
progressively in accordance with a specific timetable for each product.
− The arrangements regarding trade in wines are defined in an additional protocol
to the Interim Agreement.
No later than 1 January 2003, the EC and FY ROM will assess, in the Cooperation Council,
the situation of their trade in agricultural and fish eries products with a view to determining further
liberalising measures to be applied by the Community and FYROM.WT/REG129/3
Page 8
8.4 Processed agricultural products
Protocol N°3 sets out the duties, conditions and timetables to be applied by the EC and
FYROM on processed agricultural products.
9. Other
9.1 Cooperation in customs administration
Mutual assistance between administrative authorities in customs matters of the Parties will
take place in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 5 (Article 36).
9.2 Customs Unions, Free Trade Areas or Arrangements for Frontier trade
The Interim Agreement does not preclude the maintenance or establishment of Customs
unions, Free trade areas or Arrangements for frontier trade except in so far as they alter the trade
arrangements provided for in this Agreement (Article 22).
III. GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT
1. Exceptions and Reservations
Articles 28 and 41 contain standard exceptions clauses on national security, public morality,
law and order and public security, the protection of life and health of humans, animals or plants,
national treasures, industrial and commercial property and rules related to gold and silver.
2. Accession
Either Party may denounce this Agreement by notifying the other party, the Interim
Agreement ceasing to apply six months after the date of such notification.
The Interim Agreement does not contain any provision allowing other countries to accede to
this Agreement. Nor does the Stabilisation and Association Agreement.
3. Dispute Settlement Procedures
The parties may refer to the Cooperation Council any dispute relating to the application or
interpretation of the Interim Agreement. The Coope ration Council may settle the dispute by means of
binding decision (Article 39).
4. Relations with Other Trade Agreements
The Interim Agreement does not preclude the maintenance or establishment of Customs
unions, Free trade areas or Arrangements for frontier trade except in so far as they alter the trade
arrangements provided for in this Agreement.
The Interim Agreement and the future Stabilisation and Association Agreements are intended
to contribute to regional trade integration within the South East Europe region. This objective is to be
met by the implementation by the countries of the region of the series of measures for trade
liberalisation and facilitation agreed upon in the Memorandum of Understanding signed on27 June 2001 in the framework of the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe.WT/REG129/3
Page 9
5. Institutional Framework
According to Article 37 and 38 of the Interim Agreement, the Cooperation Council set up by
the Co-operation Agreement signed on 29 April 1997, by way of exchange of letters between the
European Community and FYROM shall perform the duties assigned to it in the Interim Agreement.
It shall have the power to take decisions and make recommendations in the cases provided for in theAgreement. The Cooperation Council may be assisted in the performance of its duties by a Joint
Committee composed of representatives of the EC and representatives of the Government of the
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The Cooperation Council may delegate to the Joint
Committee any of its powers.
IV. OTHER
Investment and related payments
The Interim Agreement includes provisions on exchange rate policy, balance-of-payments
difficulties, and transfers. On the latter, Article 32 stipulates that no restrictive measures shall apply to
transfers related to investment and to the repatriation of amounts invested or reinvested. Article 42specifies that the application of the Arrangement by both Parties shall not give rise to any
discrimination between the nationals and the companies of one of the Party and those of the other.
Competition provisions
Anti-competitive activities are recognised as incompatible with the proper functioning of the
Interim Agreement and will be assessed on the basis of the criteria arising from the application of the
rules of the Treaty establishing the European Community (Article 33).
Intellectual property rights
Provisions on intellectual property rights are included under Article 35 and Annex VI.FYROM shall take the necessary measures in order to guarantee no later than five years after
entry into force of the agreement a level of protection on intellectual, industrial and commercial
property rights similar to that existing in the Co mmunity, including effective means of enforcing such
rights. FYROM undertakes to accede, within this five year period, to the multilateral conventionsreferred to in Annex VI. 
The Cooperation Council shall be referred to in case difficulties arise with the protection of
intellectual, industrial and commercial property w ith the view to reaching mutually satisfactory
solutions.
Co-operation
The Interim Agreement foresees the strengthening of co-operation, notably through mutual
assistance between administrative authorities in customs matters.WT/REG129/3
Page 10
ANNEX I
Trade Data
Note: The following tables show the developmen t of trade between the EC and FYROM over the
period 1998-2001.  For ease of comparison, figures are also given for the development of EC trade
with all third countries.
Table 1
Share of FYROM in Total EU  Trade 1998-2001 (Billion ECU/EUR)
Extra-EU FYROM Year
Exports Imports Total Exports Imports Total
1998 733.4 710.5 1444.0 0.9 0.6 1.5
1999 760.2 779.8 1540.0 1.2 0.6 1.8
2000 941.3 1033.3 1974.6 1.3 0.7 2.1
2001 974.5 1021.1 1995.6 1.2 0.6 1.8
Table 2
Share of FYROM in Total EU Trade 1998-2001 (Percentage)
Extra-EU FYROM Year
Exports Imports Total Exports Imports Total
1998 50.8 49.2 100 0.1 0.1 0.1
1999 49.4 50.6 100 0.2 0.1 0.1
2000 47.7 52.3 100 0.1 0.1 0.1
2001 48.8 51.2 100 0.1 0.1 0.1WT/REG129/3
Page 11EU15 trade 1997-2001 with For.JRep.Mac (m illion Euro)
imports exports balance total trade
HS Section 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001 1998 1999 2000 2001
011 Extra-EU1503-Oct-02
Total 598 593 747 640 891 1,173 1,326 1,161 293 580 579 521 1,489 1,765 2,074 1,800
of which:
01 Animals & animal products 5 4 12 17 23 25 28 21 17 21 16 4 28 29 40 38
02 Vegetable products 17 13 11 10 19 23 32 41 1 10 21 30 36 36 43 51
03 Animal or vegetable fats 00001 06321 06321 0632
04 Prepared foodstuffs 33 38 33 36 62 95 71 79 29 56 38 43 95 133 104 115
05 Mineral products 7 5 10 10 109 218 285 210 102 213 276 199 116 223 295 220
06 Chemical products 32335 7 6 7 6 8 6 45 4 6 5 6 6 6 06 0 6 8 7 1 6 7
07 Plastics & rubber 52222 9 3 2 3 9 3 72 4 3 0 3 8 3 53 4 3 4 4 1 3 8
08 Hides & skins 76981 59 1 4 1 1 84532 2 1 5 2 3 1 9
09 Wood & wood products 9797 3 1 765 - 7 1 0 - 3 - 21 2 2 4 1 5 1 1
10 Wood pulp products 00002 3 2 2 2 4 2 32 2 2 2 2 3 2 32 3 2 2 2 4 2 4
11 Textiles & textile articles 236 251 263 285 200 187 207 217 -35 -64 -56 -69 436 439 471 502
12 Footwear, headgear 22 18 17 27 18 16 20 19 -4 -2 3 -9 40 34 36 46
13 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos 73161 4 1 4 3 2 1 7 7 1 1 3 1 1 12 0 1 7 3 3 2 4
14 Pearls, (semi-)precious stones, metals 3333 0010 - 3 - 3 - 2 - 2 4343
15 Base metals & articles thereof 199 147 284 187 31 38 49 52 -168 -109 -235 -135 230 185 333 238
16 Machinery & mechanical applicances 19 31 24 26 138 175 183 196 119 144 160 170 158 206 207 222
17 Transportation equipment 19 57 61 6 83 157 202 106 64 101 142 100 102 214 263 113
18 Instruments - measuring, musical 11111 6 1 7 2 5 2 21 5 1 6 2 3 2 11 7 1 8 2 6 2 3
19 Arms & ammunition 0000 0000 0000 0000
20 Miscellaneous 23221 8 3 3 2 3 2 31 6 3 0 2 1 2 12 0 3 6 2 5 2 6
21 Works of art 0000 0000 0000 1000
Other 22232 3 2 1 1 3 1 62 0 2 0 1 1 1 32 5 2 3 1 5 1 9
Source : Eurostat COMEXT 27 June 2002 (Statistical regime 4) TRADE/D/1  Paul VERBURGTFor.JRep.Mac
0096 For.JRep.MacWT/REG129/3
Page 12
__________Total EU trade 2001 with For.JRe p.Mac and World b y HS section
balance balance
HS Section M Euro % Total M Euro % Total M Euro M Euro % Total M Euro % Total M Euro
Total 640 100.0% 1,161 100.0% 521 1,021,105 100.0% 974,511 100.0% -46,593
of which:
01 Animals & animal products 17 2.6% 21 1.8% 4 17,135 1.7% 11,853 1.2% -5,282
02 Vegetable products 10 1.6% 41 3.5% 30 25,722 2.5% 11,071 1.1% -14,651
03 Animal or vegetable fats 0 0.0% 2 0.2% 2 2,322 0.2% 2,457 0.3% 134
04 Prepared foodstuffs 36 5.6% 79 6.8% 43 23,982 2.3% 31,678 3.3% 7,696
05 Mineral products 10 1.6% 210 18.0% 199 156,935 15.4% 26,934 2.8% -130,001
06 Chemical products 3 0.5% 64 5.5% 60 69,254 6.8% 124,627 12.8% 55,373
07 Plastics & rubber 2 0.3% 37 3.2% 35 26,346 2.6% 36,220 3.7% 9,874
08 Hides & skins 8 1.2% 11 1.0% 3 11,165 1.1% 9,958 1.0% -1,207
09 Wood & wood products 7 1.0% 5 0.4% -2 13,863 1.4% 7,047 0.7% -6,815
10 Wood pulp products 0 0.1% 23 2.0% 23 16,375 1.6% 24,663 2.5% 8,288
11 Textiles & textile articles 285 44.6% 217 18.7% -69 72,183 7.1% 43,387 4.5% -28,795
12 Footwear, headgear 27 4.3% 19 1.6% -9 11,766 1.2% 7,406 0.8% -4,361
13 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos 6 1.0% 17 1.5% 11 8,361 0.8% 15,814 1.6% 7,453
14 Pearls, (semi-)precious stones, metals 3 0.4% 0 0.0% -2 34,633 3.4% 27,361 2.8% -7,272
15 Base metals & articles thereof 187 29.2% 52 4.4% -135 56,292 5.5% 55,056 5.6% -1,236
16 Machinery & mechanical applicances 26 4.0% 196 16.9% 170 282,619 27.7% 309,228 31.7% 26,608
17 Transportation equipment 6 1.0% 106 9.2% 100 93,154 9.1% 149,474 15.3% 56,320
18 Instruments - measuring, musical 1 0.2% 22 1.9% 21 44,671 4.4% 43,770 4.5% -901
19 Arms & ammunition 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 598 0.1% 1,312 0.1% 714
20 Miscellaneous 2 0.3% 23 2.0% 21 27,344 2.7% 19,213 2.0% -8,131
21 Works of art 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 3,080 0.3% 4,120 0.4% 1,040
Other 3 0.5% 16 1.4% 13 23,305 2.3% 11,864 1.2% -11,441
Source : Eurostat COMEXT 27 June 2002 (Statistical regime 4)imports exportsEU15 trade 2001 with EXTRA-EUR For.JRep.Mac / Total
0096 For.JRep.Mac 1011 Extra-EUREU15 trade 2001 with For.JRep.Mac
imports exports