APPENDIX TABLESHungary WT/TPR/S/40 
 Page 103 
 
 
Table AIII.1  
Simple average of applied MFN and bound tari ffs by HS chapter, 1991, 1997 and Uruguay Round  
(Per cent) 
HS  Applied Bound 
2-digit Description MFN 
1991 MFN 
1997 U.R. 1997 U.R. 
Total 11.0  14.3  9.6  11.8  10.2  
01 Live animals. 8.2  36.9  27.3  35.0  27.3  
02 Meat and edible meat offal. 19.7  51.0  41.3  52.6  41.3  
03 Fish & crustacean, mollusc & other aquatic invertebrate. 15.3  13. 2  15.3  20.9  11.9  
04 Dairy prod; birds eggs; natural honey; edib le prod nes. 29.9  63.8  47.6  63.0  48.5  
05 Products of animal origin, nes or included. 7.9  11.3  8.3  10.7  8.4  
06 Live tree & other plant; bulb, root; cut flowers etc. 16.8  21.0  14.2  15.8  15.0  
07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers. 17.6  50.4  41.6  57.1  42.2  
08 Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons. 20.2  35.4  24.0  34.1  27.6  
09 Coffee, tea, matû and spices. 25.5  20.4  20.1  24.0  21.5  
10 Cereals. 3.1  44.2  23.3  36.2  25.9  
11 Prod mill indust; malt; starches; inulin; wh eat gluten. 30.4  44.1  33.5  42.3  34.1  
12 Oil seed, oleagi fruits; miscell grain, seed, fruit etc. 7.6  5.3  5.5  6.7  7.3  
13 Lac; gums, resins & other vegetable saps  & extracts. 7.1  5.8  4.5  5.9  4.6  
14 Vegetable plaiting materials; vegetable products nes. 16.3  13.7  10.4  13.3  10.4  
15 Animal/veg fats & oils & their cleavage  products; etc. 9.9  14.5  12.9  20.7  16.1  
16 Prep of meat, fish or crustaceans, mo lluscs etc. 26.6  48.7  38.3  46.8  45.1  
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery . 55.9  67.8  58.7  65.7  58.7  
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations. 21.5  24.1  15.1  26.0  18.9  
19 Prep of cereal, flour, starch/milk; pastrycooks products. 33.7  42.7  35.8  51.8  39.3  
20 Prep of vegetable, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants. 20.0  34.6  30.2  38.1  30.6  
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations. 30.7  36.5  29.9  44.9  35.4  
22 Beverages, spirits and vinega r. 57.1  69.9  62.1  68.9  62.1  
23 Residues & waste from the food indust; prepr ani fodder. 8.3  8.5  5.7  9.6  7.8  
24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco subs titutes. 60.6  62.4  50.8  68.5  53.3  
25 Salt; sulphur; earth & ston; plastering mat; lime & cem. 5.0  4.0  3.5  4.1  3.8  
26 Ores, slag and ash. 1.9  1.3  1.6  1.7  3.0  
27 Mineral fuels, oils & product of their di stillation;etc. 3.3  2. 3  2.2  2.9  5.2  
28 Inorgn chem; compds of prec met, radioact elements etc. 7.4  5.4  4.7  6.1  5.4  
29 Organic chemicals. 6.9  5.6  4.1  5.7  4.0  
30 Pharmaceutical products. 3.5  2.5  1.9  2.8  4.6  
31 Fertilisers. 7.1  6. 5  5.8  5.4  3.9  
32 Tanning/dyeing extract; tannins & derivs; pigm etc. 9.3  7.6  5.7  7.1  5.8  
33 Essential oils & resinoids; perf, cosme tic/toilet prep. 14.8  14.7  10.5  12.2  10.5  
34 Soap, organic surface-active agents, washing prep, etc. 12. 1  8.8  6.9  8.4  6.9  
35 Albuminoidal subs; modified starches; glue s; enzymes. 7.8  7.1  5.2  6.2  5.9  
36 Explosives; pyrotechnic prod; matches; pyr op alloy; etc. 10.2  9.3  8.0  9.3  7.4  
37 Photographic or cinematographic goods. 11.2  8.4  6.3  8.5  7.3  
38 Miscellaneous chemical products.  6.5  6.3  5.0  5.7  5.2  
39 Plastics and articles thereof. 12.8  10.3  7.8  10.0  9.6  
40 Rubber and articles thereof. 8.5  6.5  4.8  7.0  5.2  
41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins ) and leather. 7.4  6.1  5.0  6.0  5.0  
42 Articles of leather; saddlery/harness; tr avel goods etc. 12.7  10.2  8.7  11.0  8.6  
43 Furskins and artificial fur; manufactures thereof. 6.9  6.9  5.0  5.8  5.0  
44 Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal. 8.0  6.4  4.8  6.4  5.4  
45 Cork and articles of cork. 10.3  8.3  4.7  7.0  4.7  
46 Manufactures of straw, esparto/other pla iting mat; etc. 11.3  7.6  2.4  7.5  2.4  
47 Pulp of wood/of other fibrous cellulosic ma t; waste etc. 0.8  0.4  0.0  0.3  0.0  
48 Paper & paperboard; art of paper pulp, pa per/paperboard. 8.5  7.2  6.1  7.3  6.5  
49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures & othe r product etc. 7.4  5.5  4.3  5.5  6.9  
50 Silk. 8.4  8.3  5.3  7.1  5.3  
51 Wool, fine/coarse animal hair, horsehair yarn & fabric. 8.7  8.5  5.7  7.5  5.6  
52 Cotton. 8.3  7.6  6.0  8.4  7.8  
53 Other vegetable textile fibres; paper yarn & woven fabric. 8.0  6. 8  4.3  5.8  4.3  WT/TPR/S/40 Trade Policies Review 
Page 104 
  
HS  Applied Bound 
2-digit Description MFN 
1991 MFN 
1997 U.R. 1997 U.R. 
54 Man-made filaments. 10.3  8.8  7.2  9.4  8.6  
55 Man-made staple fibres. 8.9  7.6  6.1  8.1  6.8  
56 Wadding, felt & nonwoven; yarns; twine, co rdage, etc. 10.3  9.0  7.0  8.9  6.9  
57 Carpets and other textile floor c overings. 11.4  9.3  7.0  9.5  7.0  
58 Special woven fab; tufted tex fab; lace; tapestries etc. 11.7  10.1  8.0  10.1  7.9  
59 Impregnated, coated, cover /laminated textile fabric etc. 12.0  10.1  8.1  10.4  8.4  
60 Knitted or crochete d fabrics. 15. 2  13.0  10.0  13.0  10.0  
61 Art of apparel & clothing access, knitted or  crocheted. 17.6  15. 0  11.3  14.9  11.3  
62 Art of apparel & clothing access, not knitte d/crocheted. 11.3  11. 1  10.8  11.1  8.3  
63 Other made up textile articles; sets; worn clothing etc. 13.2  10.5  8.3  11.1   8.1  
64 Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts of such articles. 10.2  9.7  9.3  9.8  7.0  
65 Headgear and parts thereof. 11.5  9.5  7.9  9.4  7.9  
66 Umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-sticks, whips, etc. 12.1  10.0  8.5  9.9  8.5  
67 Prepr feathers & down; arti flower; articles human hair. 10.9  8.8  7.5  8.8  7.9  
68 Art of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica/sim mat. 8.2  7.0  6.0  7.0  6.6  
69 Ceramic products. 8.0  7.4  5.9  6.8  6.9  
70 Glass and glassware. 9.2  8.3  6.8  7.8  6.7  
71 Natural/cultured pearls, prec stones & metals, coin etc. 5.6  5.4  4.0  4.9  7.1  
72 Iron and steel. 6.3  5.1  4.3  5.4  4.4  
73 Articles of iron or steel. 8.2  6.8  6.1  7.3  6.6  
74 Copper and articles thereof. 5.0  4.4  4.0  4.4  5.0  
75 Nickel and articles thereof. 0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0  
76 Aluminium and articles thereof. 10.0  8.3  7.4  8.8  6.7  
78 Lead and articles thereof. 4.6  3.4  3.3  3.8  5.5  
79 Zinc and articles thereof. 4.0  2.5  3.0  3.4  4.6  
80 Tin and articles thereof. 4.5  3.9  3.6  4.3  5.5  
81 Other base metals; cermets; articles thereof. 3.0  1.9  2.1  2.4  4.2  
82 Tool, implement, cutlery, spoon & fork, of base met etc. 10.1  9.5  9.4  9.7  9.3  
83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal. 10.7  8.7  7.5  8.8  7.1  
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, mchy & mech app liance; parts. 9.9  9. 0  8.4  9.1  8.1  
85 Electrical mchy equip parts thereof; sound recorder etc. 11.7  10.1  9.3  10.4  8.9  
86 Railw/tramw locom, rolling-stock & parts thereof; etc. 11.9  9.9  9.7  10.1  8.9  
87 Vehicles o/t railw/tramw roll-stock, pts & accessories. 17.2  15.0  16.3  13.8  11.0  
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts ther eof. 10.6  10.2  9.8  11.1  9.5  
89 Ships, boats and floating structures. 11.6  11.9  11.5  11.5   9.5  
90 Optical, photo, cine, meas, checking, preci sion, etc. 10.0  8.3  7.3  8.3  6.8  
91 Clocks and watches and parts ther eof. 12.3  11.2  11.0  12.2  11.0  
92 Musical instruments; parts and access of su ch articles. 9.0  7. 6  6.6  7.5  7.0  
93 Arms and ammunition; parts and accessories thereof. 9.6  8.4  6.5  8.3  6.8  
94 Furniture; bedding, mattress, matt support, cushion etc. 10.4  8.6  7.9  9.4   7.7  
95 Toys, games & sports requisites; parts & access thereof. 11.3  9.9  8.9  9.8  8.1  
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles. 10.1  8.4  7.1  8.3  7.1  
97 Works of art, collectors pieces and antiques. 8.0  7.0  7.3  3.7  9.3  
Source: WTO Secretariat based on data provided by the Hungarian Government Hungary WT/TPR/S/40 
 Page 105 
 
 
Table AIII.2  
Simple average MFN and preferenti al tariffs by HS chapter, 1997  
(Per cent) 
HS No. of 
lines Description Tariff under the Agreement with: 
(2-digit) (10dgt)  MFN EU  EFTA Czech 
Rep. Slovenia Poland Romania Slovak 
Rep. 
Total   14.3 9.4 9.3 4.7 8.8 4.4 6.0  4.7 
01 57 Live animals 36.9 36.9 36.9 7.5 36.9 7.5 7.5 7.5 
02 234  Meat and edible meat offal 51.0 51.0 50.9 17.6 51.0 17.8 25.0  17.6 
03 358  Fish, crustacean, mollusc, oth. aquatic 
invertebrate 13.2 13.2 8.6 0.0 13.2 0.0 0.0  0.0 
04 198  Dairy prod; birds eggs; natural honey; edible 
prod. 63.8 63.8 63.8 56.6 63.8 56.6 58.9  56.6 
05 40  Products of animal origin, n.e.s. or included 11.3 11.3 11.3 0.0 11.3 0.0 0.0  0.0 
06 62  Live tree & other plant; bulb, root; cut flowers 
etc. 21.0 19.2 21.0 11.9 21.0 5.5 12.7  11.9 
07 150  Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 50.4 50.4 50.4 27.0 50.4 20.7 26.9  27.0 
08 236  Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or 
melons 35.4 35.3 35.4 13.7 35.4 12.8 13.7  13.7 
09 56  Coffee, tea, matû and spices 20.4 20.4 20.4 0.4 20.4 0.4 0.4  0.4 
10 58  Cereals 44.2 44.2 44.2 2.7 44.2 2.4 3.1  2.7 
11 86  Prod mill ind. malt; starches; inulin; wheat 
gluten 44.1 44.1 44.1 14.7 44.1 14.2 15.5  14.7 
12 87  Oil seed, oleagi fruits ; misc. grain, seed, fruit 
etc. 5.3 5.2 5.3 0.5 5.3 0.4 0.9  0.5 
13 24  Lac; gums, resins & oth. vegetable saps & 
extracts 5.8 4.3 4.3 0.0  4.3 0.0 0.0  0.0 
14 20  Vegetable plaiti ng materials; vegetable 
products 13.7 13.7 13.7 0.0 13.7 0.0 0.0  0.0 
15 147  Animal/veg. fats & oils & their cleavage 
products 14.5 14.4 13.9 2.9 14.5 2.7 3.7  2.9 
16 111  Prep of meat, fish or crustaceans, molluscs etc. 48.7 48.7 44.1 8.1 48.7 8.1 20.3  8.1 
17 50  Sugars and sugar confectionery  67.8 67.8 67.8 38.5 67.8 28.2 43.2  38.5 
18 49  Cocoa and cocoa preparations 24.1 24.1 24.1 11.0 24.1 11.7 15.5  11.0 
19 65  Prep. cereal, flour, starch/milk; pastrycook 
prods 42.7 42.7 42.7 12.3 42.7 8.9 12.9  12.3 
20 344  Prep of vegetable, fruit, nuts or other plant 
parts 34.6 34.6 34.6 14.2 34.6 10.0 18.5  14.2 
21 46  Miscellaneous edible preparati ons 36.5 36.5 36.5 17.0 36.5 19.7 24.9  17.0 
22 226  Beverages, spirits and vinega r 69.9 69.9 69.9 68.8 69.9 68.3 68.8  68.8 
23 70  Residues/waste from food ind.; prep. anim. 
fodder 8.5 8.5 8.3 0.0 8.5 0.0 0.0  0.0 
24 31  Tobacco and manufactured tobacco s ubstitutes 62.4 62.4 62.4 62. 4 62.4 62.4 62.4  62.4 
25 121  Salt, sulphur, earth/stone, plast.g mat., lime, 
cem. 4.0 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
26 53  Ores, slag and ash 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
27 126  Mineral fuels, oils & product of their 
distillation 2.3 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
28 295  Inorg. chem; compds prec. metals, radioact. 
elemt. 5.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1  0.0 
29 606  Organic chemicals 5.6 1.7  1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
30 87  Pharmaceutical products 2.5 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
31 52  Fertilisers 6.5 3.6 3. 6 1.2 0.1 1. 0 1.5  1.2 
32 73  Tanning/dyeing extract; tannins & derivs; 
pigm 7.6 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
33 79  Essential oils/resinoids; perf., cosmetic/toilet 
prep. 14.7 5.8 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
34 42  Soap, organic surf ace-active agents, washing 
prep. 8.8 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 0.2  0.0 
35 38  Albuminoidal subs.; mod. starches; glues; 
enzymes 7.1  0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 WT/TPR/S/40 Trade Policies Review 
Page 106 
  
HS No. of 
lines Description Tariff under the Agreement with: 
(2-digit) (10dgt)  MFN EU  EFTA Czech 
Rep. Slovenia Poland Romania Slovak 
Rep. 
36 14  Explosives, pyrotech. prod., matches, pyrop. 
alloy 9.3 5.5 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
37 73  Photographic or cinematographi c goods 8.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
38 151  Miscellaneous chemical products 6.3 1.4  1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1  0.0 
39 362  Plastics and articles thereof 10.3  0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6  0.0 
40 163  Rubber and articles thereof 6.5 1.9 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1  0.0 
41 71  Raw hides and skins (not furskins) and leather 6.1 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
42 67  Articles of leather; saddlery/harness; travel 
goods  10.2 5.7 5.7 0.0 0.0  0.0 1.9  0.0 
43 60  Furskins and artificial fur; manufactures 
thereof 6.9  0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
44 310  Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal 6.4 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0  0.0 
45 13  Cork and articles of cork 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
46 18  Manufactures of straw, esparto/other plaiting 
mat. 7.6 4.5 4.5 0.0 0.0  0.0 0.0  0.0 
47 23  Pulp of wood/fibrous cellulosic material; 
waste etc. 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
48 262  Paper and paperboard; aricles of pulp thereof 7.2 1.8 1.8 1.6 2.6 1.6 2.1  1.6 
49 37  Printed books, newspapers, pictures & oth. 
prods. 5.5 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0  0.0 
50 43  Silk 8.3 3.9 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
51 81  Wool, fine/coars e anim. hair, horsehair 
yarn/fabric 8.5 4.0 4.0 1.8 0.0 1.8 0.0  1.8 
52 224  Cotton 7.6 4.1 4.1 3.7 3.1 3.1 6.3  3.7 
53 56  Oth. vegtable text . fibres, paper yarn/woven 
fabric 6.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.3  1.4 
54 114  Man-made filaments 8.8 2.3 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
55 168  Man-made staple fibres 7.6 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
56 83  Wadding, felt & non-woven, yarn, twine, 
cordage 9.0 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0  1.0 
57 71  Carpets and other textile floor c overings 9.3 2.7 2.7 5. 2 5.6 5.2 7.2  5.2 
58 142  Spec. woven fabric, tufted tex. fab, lace, 
tapestries 10.1 1.5 1.5 2.2 5.3 2.1 6.6  2.2 
59 80  Impregnated, coated , cover/laminated textile 
fabric 10.1 0.8 0.8 4.1 6.0 1.3 6.8  4.1 
60 108  Knitted or crocheted fabric s 13.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 0.0  0.0 
61  204  Apparel & clothing access, knitted or 
crocheted 15.0 9.0 9.0 8.3 9.0 7.4 14.9  8.3 
62 230  Apparel & clothing access, not 
knitted/crocheted 11.1 6.7 6.7 6.2 6.7 6.2 11.1  6.2 
63 134  Other made-up textile articles; sets; worn 
clothing 10.5 3.4 3.4 5.4 6.3  4.5 10.0  5.4 
64 102  Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts thereof 9.7 5.8 5.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 7.5  3.8 
65 18  Headgear and parts thereof  9.5 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
66 9  Umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-sticks, whips, 
etc. 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
67 17  Prep feathers/down, artif. flowers, art. human 
hair 8.8 0.0  0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
68 96  Art. stone, plastr, cemnt, asbestos, mica/sim. 
mat. 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
69 66  Ceramic products 7.4 2.4 2.4 1.4 2.3 1.4 2.3  1.4 
70 225  Glass and glassware 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.7 0.3 0.7  0.3 
71 111  Natural/cultured pearls, prec. stones/metals, 
coins  5.4 2.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
72 694  Iron and steel 5.1 2.7 2.7 0.8  1.3 1.4 2.9  0.8 
73 362  Articles of iron or steel 6.8 4.1 4.1 0.2 1.7 0.8 2.4  0.2 
74 80  Copper and articles thereof 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 1.4  0.0 
75 18  Nickel and articles thereof 0.0 0.0  0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
76 68  Aluminium and articles thereof 8.3 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8  0.0 Hungary WT/TPR/S/40 
 Page 107 
 
 
HS No. of 
lines Description Tariff under the Agreement with: 
(2-digit) (10dgt)  MFN EU  EFTA Czech 
Rep. Slovenia Poland Romania Slovak 
Rep. 
78 13  Lead and articles thereof 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
79 12  Zinc and articles thereof 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
80 9  Tin and articles thereof 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
81 74  Other base metals; cermets; article s thereof 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
82 112  Tools, implements and cutlery of base metal 9.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
83 53  Miscellaneous articles of base  metal 8.7 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
84 1306  Nucl. reactors, boilers, mch./mech. applncs; 
parts 9.0 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1  0.0 
85 798  Elect. mch., equip., parts thereof; sound 
recorders 10.1 1.4 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0  0.1 
86 46  Railw/tramw locom., rolling-stock & parts 
thereof 9.9 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
87 391  Vehicles oth. than railw/tramw; 
parts/accessories 15.0 6.8  6.8 4.6 6.3 5.1 8.3  4.6 
88 47  Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts th ereof 10.2 3.9 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
89 40  Ships, boats and floating structures 11.9 6.5 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
90 351  Optical, photo, cine, meas., checking, 
precision 8.3 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
91 70  Clocks and watches and parts th ereof 11.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
92 37  Musical instruments; parts and accessories 
thereof 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
93 31  Arms and ammunition; parts/accessories 
thereof 8.4 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
94 108  Furniture; bedding, mattress, matt. 
supprt,cushions 8.6 3.7 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8  0.0 
95 86  Toys, games & sports requisites; pa rts/access. 9.9 0.3 0.3 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
96 93  Miscellaneous manufactured articles 8.4 2.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
97 12  Works of art, collectors pieces a nd antiques 7.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0  0.0 
Source: WTO Secretariat based on data provided by the Hunga rian Government. WT/TPR/S/40 Trade Policies Review 
Page 108 
  
Table AIII.3  
Preferences under the GSP   
HS Description No. of lines  Share of tariff lines (%) 
(2-digit) (10-digit) GSP50a GSP100b
01 Live animals 57 0.0 0.0  
02 Meat and edible meat offal 234  0.0  0.0  
03 Fish & crustacean, mollusc & other aquatic invertebrate 358  0.0  2.0  
04 Dairy prod;  birds eggs;  natural honey; edible prod. n.e.s. 198  0.0  0.0  
05 Products of animal origin, n.e.s. or included 40  0.0  25.0  
06 Live tree & other plants;  bulbs, r oots;  cut flowers etc. 62  0.0  3.2  
07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 150  0.0  4.0  
08 Edible fruit and nuts;  peel of citrus fruit or melons 236  0.4  3.0  
09 Coffee, tea, matû and spices 56  0.0  69.6  
10 Cereals 58  0.0  27.6  
11 Prod. mill indust;  malt;  starches;  inulin; wheat gluten 86  0.0  0.0  
12 Oil seed, oleagi. fruits;  miscell. grain, seed, fruit etc. 87  0.0  74.7  
13 Lac;  gums, resins & other vegeta ble saps & extracts 24  0.0  25.0  
14 Vegetable plaiting materials;  vege table products n.e.s. 20  0.0  50.0  
15 Animal/veg. fats & oils & their cl eavage products;  etc. 147  0.0  0.0  
16 Prep of meat, fish or crust aceans, molluscs etc. 111  0.0  67.6  
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 50  0.0  0.0  
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 49  0.0  12.2  
19 Prep. of cereal, flour, starch/milk;  pastrycooks products 65  0.0  3.1  
20 Prep. of vegetable, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants 344  0.0  15.1  
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 46  0.0  8.7  
22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 226  0.0  0.0  
23 Residues & waste from the food indust;  prepr. anim. fodder 70  0.0  80.0  
24 Tobacco and manufactured tob acco substitutes 31  0.0  0.0  
25 Salt;  sulphur;  earth & stone;  plastering mat;  lime & cem. 121  0.0  30.6  
26 Ores, slag and ash 53  0.0  94.3  
27 Mineral fuels, oils & product of th eir distillation;  etc. 126  0.0  66.7  
28 Inorgn chem;  compds of prec. met., radioact. elements etc. 295  0.0  23.1  
29 Organic chemicals 606  8.4  32.7  
30 Pharmaceutical products 87  0.0  67.8  
31 Fertilisers 52  0.0  46.2  
32 Tanning/dyeing extract; tannins & derivs;  pigm. etc. 73  2.7  9.6  
33 Essential oils & resinoids;  perf., cosmetic/toilet prep. 79  0.0  10.1  
34 Soap, organic surface-ac tive agents, washing prep., etc. 42  0.0  9.5  
35 Albuminoidal subs;  modified starches;  glues;  enzymes 38  0.0  10.5  
36 Explosives;  pyrotechnic prod;  matches;   pyrop. alloy;  etc. 14  0.0  14.3  
37 Photographic or cinemat ographic goods 73  0.0  11.0  
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 151  0.0  21.9  
39 Plastics and articles thereof 362  0.8  22.4  
40 Rubber and articles thereof 163  1.2  52.1  
41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather 71  1.4  46.5  
42 Articles of leather; saddlery/harne ss;  travel goods etc. 67  0.0  20.9  
43 Furskins and artificial fur; manufactures thereof 60  21.7  43.3  
44 Wood and articles of wood;  wood charcoal 310  0.0  42.6  
45 Cork and articles of cork 13  0.0  0.0  
46 Manufactures of straw, esparto/othe r plaiting mat;  etc. 18  0.0  77.8  
47 Pulp of wood/of other fibrous cellulo sic mat.;  waste etc. 23  0.0  73.9  
48 Paper & paperboard;  art of paper pulp, paper/paperboard 262  0.0  21.8  
49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures & other product etc. 37  0.0  40.5  
50 Silk 43  0.0  0.0  
51 Wool, fine/coarse animal hair, horse hair yarn & fabric 81  0.0  53.1  
52 Cotton 224  0.0  96.9  
53 Other vegetable textile fibres;  pape r yarn & woven fabric 56  0.0  44.6  
54 Man-made filaments 114  0.0  45.6  Hungary WT/TPR/S/40 
 Page 109 
 
 
HS Description No. of lines  Share of tariff lines (%) 
(2-digit) (10-digit) GSP50a GSP100b
55 Man-made staple fibres 168  0.0  8.9  
56 Wadding, felt & nonwoven; yarns;  twine, cordage, etc. 83  0.0  31.3  
57 Carpets and other textile fl oor coverings 71  0.0  64.8  
58 Special woven fab;  tufted tex fab;  lace;  tapestries etc. 142  0.0  5.6  
59 Impregnated, coated, c over/laminated textile fabr ic etc. 80  0.0  27.5  
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 108  0.0  49.1  
61 Art of apparel & clothing access, knitted or crochete d 204  0.0  52.5  
62 Art of apparel & clothing access, not knitted/crochete d 230  0.0  1.7  
63 Other made up textile articles;  sets ;  worn clothing etc. 134  0.0  12.7  
64 Footwear, gaiters and the like;  parts of such articles 102  0.0  71.6  
65 Headgear and parts thereof 18  0.0  0.0  
66 Umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-sticks, whips, etc. 9  0.0  0.0  
67 Prepr feathers & down;  arti flower;  articles human hair 17  0.0  5.9  
68 Art of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica/sim. mat. 96  0.0  15.6  
69 Ceramic products 66  0.0  62.1  
70 Glass and glassware 225  0.0  28.0  
71 Natural/cultured pearls, prec. stones & metals, coins etc. 111  0.0  38.7  
72 Iron and steel 694  0.0  16.7  
73 Articles of iron or steel 362  0.0  18.2  
74 Copper and articles thereof 80  0.0  21.3  
75 Nickel and articles thereof 18  0.0  100.0  
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 68  0.0  5.9  
78 Lead and articles thereof 13  0.0  46.2  
79 Zinc and articles thereof 12  0.0  50.0  
80 Tin and articles thereof 9  0.0  33.3  
81 Other base metals;  cermets;  articles thereof 74  0.0  62.2  
82 Tool, implement, cutlery, spoon & fork , of base met. etc. 112  0.0  33.0  
83 Miscellaneous articles of  base metal 53  0.0  5.7  
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, mchy. & mech  appliance;  parts 1 306  0.0  3.7  
85 Electrical mchy. equip. parts thereof;  sound recorder etc. 798  1.3  13.3  
86 Railw/tramway locom., rolling-stock & parts thereof;  etc. 46  0.0  15.2  
87 Vehicles o/t railw/tramw. roll-stoc k, parts & accessories 391  7.4  22.8  
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and pa rts thereof 47  0.0  17.0  
89 Ships, boats and floating structures 40  0.0  0.0  
90 Optical, photo, cine, meas., checking, precision, etc. 351  0.0  11.4  
91 Clocks and watches and pa rts thereof 70  1.4  14.3  
92 Musical instruments;  parts and access of such articles 37  0.0  5.4  
93 Arms and ammunition;  parts and accessories thereof 31  0.0  3.2  
94 Furniture; bedding, mattress, matt. support, cushions etc. 108  0.9  52.8  
95 Toys, games & sports requisites;  parts & access. thereof 86  3.5  1.2  
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 93  1.1  0.0  
97 Works of art, collectors pi eces and antiques 12  0.0  58.3  
a Share of tariff lines in the chapter with a GSP rate equal to ha lf of MFN rate (less sensitive products). 
b Share of tariff lines in the chapter with a GSP rate equal to zero (non-sensitive products). 
Source: WTO Secretariat based on data provided by the Hunga rian Government. WT/TPR/S/40 Trade Policies Review 
Page 110 
  
Table AIII.4  
Tariff quotas established by Hungary und er the WTO Agreement on Agriculture 
Product HS coverage No. of 10-digit 
lines Tariff rates 1997 (%) Quota 1997 
(tonnes) 
   In quota Out-of-quota  
  
Live horses, asses, mules and hi nnies  0101 6 15  20.3 to 22.2 16  
Bovine animals and meat  0102 15 15  35.3 to 43.5 13,595  
 0201 6 15  91.9   
 0202 8 15  91.9   
 0210.20.005 2 25  50.0   
Swine  0103 6 15  44.3 to 54.6 14,767  
 0203 22  15  56.5   
 0210.11 5 25  50.0   
 0210.12 3 25  50.0   
Sheep and goats  0104 5 15  37.5 to 41.0 52  
 0204 27  20  32.8   
Poultry  0105 19  15  22.5 to 40.7 8,619  
 0207 92  35  50.0   
Edible offal of bovine animals, swine  0206 26  15  55.0  651  
Milk and cream  0401 12  30  65.6  132,347  
 0402 28  30  65.6   
Sour cream, yogurt, kephir 0403 30  40  65.6  249  
Butter 0405 10  60  65.6 to 130.4  178  
Cheese and curd  0406 67  50  78.8 to 86.1 674  
Honey 0409 1 30  37.0  3,448  
Potatoes, fresh or chille d 0701 5 10  48.1  29,600  
Tomatoes  0702 10  12  20.0 to 59.1  2,243  
Onions  0703 5 20  41.0  1,486  
Cabbages  0704 6 12  41.0  1,158  
Lettuce and chicory  0705 6 12  59.1  45  
Carrots, celeriac  0706 6 12  41.0  1,587  
Cucumbers  0707 13  12  20.0 to 59.1  273  
Leguminous vegetables  0708 7 20  59.1  6,004  
Other vegetable, fresh or ch illed  0709 30  40  46.5  207  
Vegetables, preserved  0711 11 40  65.6  1,764  
Dried vegetables  0712 8 30  97.3  629  
Dried leguminous vegetables  0713 13  30  60.0 to 65.6 6,934  
Coconuts, cashew nuts  0801 6 20  27.0  223  
Almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts, chest nuts 0802 15  15  6.2 to 22.2  525  
Bananas  0803 3 20  27.5  16,878  
Dates, figs, pineapples  0804 8 20  26.5  1,078  
Citrus fruit  0805 58  30  5.0 to 35.0 62,416  
Grapes  0806 20  40  10.0 to 55.5 3,016  
Melons  0807 5 25  30.0 to 55.5  3,732  
Apples, pears  0808 22  25  63.2  6,024  
Peaches, cherries  0809 34  25  49.2  660  
Berries  0810 18  25  28.7  1,565  
Fruits, provisionally preserved  0812 10  25  37.0  3,037  
Fruit, dried  0813 16  30  37.0  178  
Pepper   0904 8 40  40.0 to 48.1  2,514  
Wheat  1001 5  10  35.0 to 41.0 29,980  
 1101 3  10  49.2   
Rye  1002 2  2  35.0 to 41.0 14,979  
Barley  1003 2  3  30.8 to 36.9 109,058  
Maize (corn)  1005 6  3  35.0 to 41.0 159,312  Hungary WT/TPR/S/40 
 Page 111 
 
 
Product HS coverage No. of 10-digit 
lines Tariff rates 1997 (%) Quota 1997 
(tonnes) 
   In quota Out-of-quota  
  
Rice  1006 34  25  10.0 to 81.2 19,204  
Cereal grains  1104 39 50  49.2  253  
Malt  1107 5 35  20.0  20,915  
Sugar beet  1212.91 2 30  32.4  3,006  
 1212.92 1  32.4   
Sunflower-seed oil  1512 10 8  8.0 to 40.0 1,699  
Rape and mustard oil  1514 4 8  25.0 to 40.0  987  
Animal or vegetable fats and oils    1516 11 10  3.7 to 9.1 1,164  
Margarine  1517 9 30  40.0  3,930  
Sausages and similar products 1601 6 25  54.0  1,981  
Prepared or preserved meat, liver, ham  1602 53  25  64.0  1,238  
Other sugars  1702 25  60  69.4  560  
Sugar confectionery  1704 14  70  65.6 to 74.0 2,345  
Chocolate  1806 42  30  10.0 to 46.3 492  
Paste  1902 11  25  49.2  636  
Vegetables preserved by vinegar  2001 14  20  38.6  26  
Tomatoes, preserved (tomato purée) 2002 8 20 43.5 668 
Mushrooms, preserved  2003 4 30  38.6  1,420  
Vegetables, frozen  2004 8 15  38.6  86  
Other preserved vegetable  2005 18   20  38.6  2,070  
Fruit preserved by sugar  2006 8 30  40.2  178  
Jams, fruit jellies  2007 33  30  10.0 to 40.2 1,054  
Other preserved fruits  2008 166   20  13.9 to 40.2 6,999  
Fruit juices  2009 75  20  39.2 to 44.5 8,405  
Extracts, essences and concentrates of 
coffee, tea  2101 11  60  35.0  2,121  
Mineral water (hl) 2201 5 15  20.5  11,715  
Beer (hl) 2203 6 30  74.0  599,328  
Wine, champagne (hl) 2204 102   40  68.5 to 74.0 383,500  
Vermouth (hl) 2205 4 70  92.5  6  
Unmanufactured tobacco  2401 21  47  32.0 to 65.6 6,528  
Source: WTO Secretariat, based on info rmation provided by the Hungarian au thorities;  WTO document G/AG/N/HUN/9. WT/TPR/S/40 Trade Policies Review 
Page 112 
  
Table AIII.5  
Products subject to import licensing in 1997 
Product HS Category 
(2-digit) 
Fish and crustacean, mollusc amd other aquatic invertebrate 03 
Oil seed, oleagi. fruits;  miscell grain, seed, fruit, etc. 12  
Prep of meat, fish or crustaceans, molluscs etc. 16  
Prep of cereal, flour, starch/milk;  pastrycooks' prod. 19  
Miscellaneous edible preparations. 21  
Inorganic chemicals;  compounds of prec. met., radioact. elements, etc. 28  
Organic chemicals. 29  
Pharmaceutical products. 30  
Essential oils and resinoids;  perf, cosmetic/toilet prep. 33  
Soap, organic surface-active agen ts, washing prep., etc. 34  
Explosives;  pyrotechnic prod.;  matches; pyrop. alloy;  etc. 36  
Miscellaneous chemical products 38  
Rubber and articles thereof 40  
Articles of leather;  saddlery/ harness; travel goods, etc. 42  
Furskins and artificial fur;  manufactures thereof 43  
Wood and articles of wood;  wood charcoal 44  
Other vegetable textile fibres;  paper yarn amd woven fabrics 53  
Man-made filaments 54  
Man-made staple fibres 55  
Wadding, felt and non-woven;  yarns;   twine, cordage, etc. 56  
Carpets and other textile floor coverings 57  
Special woven fabrics;  tufted textile fabrics;  lace;  tapestries, etc. 58  
Impregnated, coated, cover/lami nated textile fabric, etc. 59  
Art of apparel and clothing accesso ries, knitted or crocheted 61  
Art of apparel and clothing accesse sories, not knitted/crocheted 62  
Other made up textile articles;  sets;  worn clothing, etc. 63  
Footwear, gaiters and the like;  parts of such articles 64  
Natural/cultured pearls, precious stones and metals, coins, etc. 71  
Tools, implement, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metals, etc. 82  
Electrical machinery equipment;  parts thereof;  sound recorders, etc. 85  
Vehicles o/t railway/tramway roll-stock, parts amd accessories 87  
Ships, boats and floating structures 89  
Optical, photo, cine., meas., checking, precision, etc. 90  
Arms and ammunition;  parts and accessories thereof 93  
Furniture; bedding, mattress, mattress supports, cushions, etc. 94  
Toys, games and sports requisites;  parts and accessories thereof 95  
Miscellaneous manufactured articles 96  
Works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques 97  
Source: Hungarian authorities. Hungary WT/TPR/S/40 
 Page 113 
 
 
Table AIII.6   
Anti-dumping actions in place on Hungarian exporters, June 1997 
Product Importer Type of action Estimated margin 
(%) HS code 
Tapered roller bearings United States Definitive duty since 
19 June 1997 .. 848220 
Seamless steel tubes European  Union Definitive duty since 
15 May 1993 21.8 .. 
12 Gauge shotshells Canada Definitive duty since 
22 June 1994 37.0 .. 
Electric filament lamps Arge ntina Definitive duty since 
15 January 1996 .. .. 
Welding electrodes Turkey Definitive duty since 
28 November 1990 .. 831110 
Aluminium wire, cables, plated ba nds Turkey Definitive duty since 
9 July 1991 .. .. 
Aluminium wire, cables, plated bands  Turkey Investigation in progress 
since 5 December 1996 .. .. 
.. Not available. 
Source: WTO Secretariat. WT/TPR/S/40 Trade Policies Review 
Page 114 
  
Table AIII.7  
Intellectual-property-related internationa l agreements to which Hungary is party 
 Agreement Signed by 
Hungary 
 Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 1909 
 Madrîd Agreement Concerning the Inte rnational Registration of Marks 1909 
 Berne Convention for the Protection of  Literary and Artisitciw Works 1922 
 Madrid Agreement for the Repression of Fa lse or Deceptive Indications of Source of 
Goods 1934 
 Nice Agreement Concerning the International Cl assification of Goods and Services for the 
Purpose of the Registration of Marks 1967 
 Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appe llations of Origin and their International 
Registration 1967 
 Convention Establishing the World In tellectual Property Organization 1970 
 Locarno Agreement Establishing an Internati onal Classification for Industrial Designs 1974 
Multilateral 
agreements Geneva Convention for the Protection of Pr oducers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized 
Duplication of their Phonogr ams (Phonograms Convention) 1975 
 Budapest Treaty on the International Recogn ition of the Deposit of Micro-Organisms for 
the Purpose of Patent Procedure 1980 
 Patent Cooperation Treaty 1980 
 International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) 1983 
 Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs 1984 
 International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producters of Phonograms and 
Broadcasting Organizations (Rome Convention) 1994 
 WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights 1995 
 Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of 
Marks 1997 
 Treaty on the International Regist ration of Audiovisual Works (Film Register Treaty) Accession under way 
 
Bilateral 
agreements Portugal: Agreement on the protection of geogr aphical indications and indications of 
source 1986 
 Switzerland: Agreement on the protection of geographical indications  and indications of 
source 1981 
 United States :  Agreement on the protection of intellectual property 
European Union:  Agreement on the recipro cal protection and control of wine names; 
Europe Agreement envisages that Hungary will  reach a level of protection of intellectual 
property in accordance with the standards applicable in  the EU within 5 years. 
European Free Trade Association:  Agreemen t on the protection of intellectual property 1994 
1993 1994 
 
 1993 
Source: Government of Hungary. Hungary WT/TPR/S/40 
 Page 115 
 
 
Table AIII.8  
Applications and registrations of intellectual property, 1990-97 
  Patents granted  Registered utility models Registered industrial 
designs  Registered trade marks 
  Domestic 
right 
holders Foreign 
right 
holders Total  Domestic 
right 
holders Foreign 
right 
holders Total  Domestic 
right 
holders Foreign 
right 
holders Total  Domestic 
right 
holders Foreign 
right 
holders Total 
1990  1,359 1,342 2,701      433 28 461  690 563 1,253 
1991  1,068 1,497 2,656      387 37 424  722 898 1,620 
1992  1,037 1,141 2,178  52 2 54  526 71 597  1,282 1,147 2,429 
1993  877 889 1,766  106 5 111  225 260 485  2,893 3,565 6,458 
1994  584 530 1,114  213  46 259  206 87 293  1,127 924 2,051 
1995  533 400 933  230 24 254  187 42 232  451 546 997 
1996  574 500 1,074  282 34 316  489 170 659  1,498 1,273 2,771 
1997  312 754 1,066  209 16 225  409 138 547  2,439 2,366 4,805 
Source:  Ministry of Justice. WT/TPR/S/40 Trade Policies Review 
Page 116 
  
Table AIII.9  
Share of administered prices  
(%) 
 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 
Central Government       
Total  7.251 5.978 6.440 7.816 8.231 10.219 
Electricity 1.516 1.806 1.905 2.098 1.899 2.629 
Natural and manufactured gas 0.785 0.952 1.041 1.329 1.262 1.742 
Communication 0.622 1.115 1.111 1.551 1.800 2.410 
Tuition fees     0.137 0.210 
TV fee 0.525 0.652 0.644 0.900 0.999 0.869 
Travel to work. school 0.312 0.355 0.355 0.355 0.395 0.395 
Other travel 0.317 0.392 0.391 0.391 0.417 0.352 
Pharmaceutical productsa 0.542 0.706 0.993 1.192 1.322 1.612 
Milk. pasteurised. 2.8% content 1.135      
White bread 0.152      
School books 0.074      
Coal. briquettes. coke 0.871      
Butane and propane gas. 11.5 0.296      
Firewood 0.104      
       
Local Government       
Total 3.643 4.774 5.323 5.057 4.556 5.710 
Rent 1.009 0.921 0.750 0.500 0.310 0.278 
Hot water supply 0.129 0.243 0.343 0.343 0.251 0.508 
Purchased heat 0.401 0.734 1.053 0.807 0.807 1.251 
Water charges 0.515 0.924 1.124 1.124 1.016 1.186 
Rubbish disposal 0.050 0.079 0.080 0.310 0.454 0.440 
Sewage disposal 0.172 0.380 0.480 0.480 0.350 0.679 
Local transport (excluding taxis) 0.742 0.862 0.862 0.862 0.823 0.823 
School/nursery meals 0.625 0.631 0.631 0.631 0.545 0,545 
a  The prices (consumer and producer) are fr ee, but the price subsidy is administered. 
Note: Since 1992 index numbers have been calculated with fixed weighting throughout the year.  The weights concerning the detai led 
groups of goods and services (160) are based on data from th e Household Budget Survey, adjusted in connection with the 
National Accounts.  The weights are cha nged annually, reflecting the year before the previous year.  In 1997 the weights 
corresponded to the 1995 family expenditure structure. 
Source: Government of Hungary. Hungary WT/TPR/S/40 
 Page 117 
 
 
Table AIV.1  
Summary of Hungary's sector-specific commitments under the GATS 
 Modes of supply 
Sector or subsector Cross-border 
supply Consumption 
abroad Commercial 
presence Presence of 
natural persons  
 Market Access / National Treatment 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES     
A. Professional Services     
(a) Legal advisory services concerning home 
country law NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(b) Accounting, auditing  and bookkeepi ng services U/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(c) Taxation advisory services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uexa/Uex 
(d) Architectural services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uexa/Uex 
(e) Engineering services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uexa/Uex 
(f) Integrated engineering services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(g) Urban planning services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uexa/Uex 
(h) Medical and dental servi ces NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
B. Computer and Related Services     
(a) Consultancy services related to the installation 
of computer hardware NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(b) Software implementation services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(c) Data processing services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(d) Data base services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
C. Research and Development Services     
a), b), c)  Research and development services  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
D. Rental/Leasing Services without Operators     
(a)-(e) Rental/leasing U/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
E. Other Business Services     
(a) Advertising services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(b) Market research and public opinion polling 
services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(c) Management consulting servi ces NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(d) Technical testing and analysis services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(e) Consultancy services in cidental to agriculture, 
hunting and forestry NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(f) Consultancy services incidental to fishing NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
 (g) Consultancy services incidental to mining NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(h) Consultany services incidental to manufacturing NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(i) Consultancy services to energy di stribution  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(j) Placement and supply services of  personnel NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(k) Security services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(l) Related scientific and technical consulting 
services  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(m) Maintenance and repa ir of equipment (not 
including maritime vessels, aircraft or other 
transport equipment)  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(n) Building-cleaning services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(o) Photographic services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(p) Packaging services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(q)  Printing, publishing NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
2.  COMMUNICATION SERVICES     
A.  Telecommunication Services     
(a)  Public voice telephony (facility-basis), 
(domestic, long distance) OP/NL NL/NL OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(a)  Public voice telephony (resale basis, 
international  including satellite transmission) OP/NL NL/NL OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(b)  Packet-switched data transmissi on services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(c)  Circuit-switched data transmissi on services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(d)  Telex services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(e)  Telegraph services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex WT/TPR/S/40 Trade Policies Review 
Page 118 
  
 Modes of supply 
Sector or subsector Cross-border 
supply Consumption 
abroad Commercial 
presence Presence of 
natural persons  
 Market Access / National Treatment 
(f)  Facsimile services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(g)  Private leased circuit serv ices NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(h) Electronic mail NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(i) Voice mail NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(j) On-line information and data base  retrieval U/U NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(k) Electronic data interchange (EDI) NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(l) Enhanced/value-added f acsimile services, (inc. 
store and forward, store and retrieve) NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(m) Code and protocol convers ion U/U NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(n) On-line information and/or data processing 
(including transaction processing) U/U NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(o) Other: Leased line & sa tellite transmission     
 Public land mobile services OP/NL NL/NL OP/NL Uex/Uex 
 Nationwide paging NL/N L NL/NL OP/NL Uex/Uex 
 PCN 1800 MHz U/Ub U/Ub U/Ub U/Ub 
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES     
A. Wholesale Trade Services  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
B. Retailing Services   NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
C. Franchising NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
5.        EDUCATIONAL SERVICES     
A.   Primary Education Services NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL Uex/Uex 
B.    Secondary Education Services NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL Uex/Uex 
C.     Higher Education Services NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL Uex/Uex 
D.    Adult Education Services NL/NL NL/NL OP/NL Uex/Uex 
6 ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES     
A. Refuse Disposal Services  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
B. Sanitation and Similar Services  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
A. Insurance and Insurance Related Services     
(a) Direct insurance (including co-insurance): 
 (i)  life 
 (ii) non-life LA/NL LA/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(b) Reinsurance and retrocession NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(c) Insurance intermediation: brokerage , agency LA/NL LA/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(d) Services auxiliary to  insurance, such as 
consultancy, actuarial, risk assesment and claim 
settlement services LA/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
B. Banking and other Financial Services 
 (Excluding insurance) NL/NL NL/NL NLc/NL Uex/Uex 
8. HEALTH RELATED SERVICES NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED 
SERVICES     
A. Hotels and Restaurants NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
B. Travel Agencies and Tour Operators Services U/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
10. RECREATIONAL,  CULTURAL AND 
SPORTING  SERVICES (other than audiovisual 
services)     
A. Entertainment Services U/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
B. Sporting and Other Recreational Services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES     
A. Maritime Transport Services     
(a) Maintenance and repair of ve ssels NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
B. Internal Waterways Transport     
(a) Maintenace and repair of ve ssels NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
C. Air Transport Services     Hungary WT/TPR/S/40 
 Page 119 
 
 
 Modes of supply 
Sector or subsector Cross-border 
supply Consumption 
abroad Commercial 
presence Presence of 
natural persons  
 Market Access / National Treatment 
(a) Maintenance and repair of ai rcraft NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
 computer reservations systems (as defined in 
paragraph 6 (c) of the Annex on Air Transport 
Services) NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
D. Rail Transport Services     
(a) Passenger transportation U/NL NL/NL OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(b) Freight transportation U/NL NL/NL OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(c) Maintenance and repair of rail transport 
equipment NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
E. Road Transport Services     
(a) Maintenance and repair of road transport 
equipment NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
F. Pipeline Transport U/NL NL/NL OP/NL Uex/Uex 
G. Services auxiliary to all modes of transport     
(a) Storage and warehouse services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
a Unbound except as indicated in Part I and subject to the following specific limitation: pe rmanent residency requirement. 
b Unbound until 31 December 1998. 
c Except Országos Takarékpénztár és Keresked elmi Bank Rt., where long term state ownership will be kept at least 25% + 1 vote. 
NL No limitations, i.e., Hunga ry agreed to place no constraints on the item in question. 
U Unbound, i.e., Hungary made no commitments with respect to the item in question. Uex Unbound except as provided by H ungary's horizontal commitments. 
OP Other provisions apply. 
LA Limitations apply (see paragraphs  B.3 and B.4 of the Understanding). 
Source: WTO document GATS/SC/40, 15 April 1994 and its supple ments (GATS/SC/40/Suppl.1/Corr.1; Suppl.2 and Suppl.3). WT/TPR/S/40 Trade Policies Review 
Page 120 
  
Table AIV.2  
Hungary's final list of GATS Article II (MFN) exemptions 
Sector or 
subsector Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Countries  to which the 
measure applies Intended 
duration Conditions creating the 
need for the exemption 
Audiovisual Services Measures that are taken for the 
implementation of existing or future co-
production agreements and which provide for national treatment to the works covered 
Measures that are taken for the 
implementation of, and in conformity with regulations based on arrangements and 
support programmes such as the Council of 
Europe Convention on Transfrontier Television, EURIMAGES and MEDIA, which provide for preferences linked to 
meeting specific origin criteria Parties to agreements 
 
 
European countries Indefinite 
 
 
Indefinite The promotion of 
cultural links between 
the parties 
 
The promotion of 
cultural exchanges among European 
countries based on 
traditional cultural links 
Road transport 
(passenger and 
freight) Measures that are taken under existing of 
future bilateral agreements and which 
reserve or limit the provision of services and specify operating conditions, including 
through transit permits and/or preferential 
road taxes, of a trans port  service into, in, 
across and out of Hungary All countries with which 
bilateral agreements are or 
will be in force Indefinite To protect the integrity 
of road infrastructure 
and the environment and to regulate traffic rights 
in the territory of 
Hungary 
Internal 
waterways 
transport Measures that are taken under existing or 
future bilateral or plurilateral agreements 
and which reserve the access to inland waterways of Hungary to foreign service 
providers All countries with which 
bilateral or plurilateral 
agreements are or will be in force Indefinite To protect the integrity 
of the infrastructure and 
the environment and to regulate traffic rights in 
the territory of Hungary 
Financial services Commitments undertaken under mode (3) 
may be subject to reciprocity requirement All countries Indefinite To obtain equal market 
access possibilities for 
Hungarian service providers 
Source: Document GATS/EL/40 of 15 April 1994 and its  supplements, GATS/EL/40/Suppl.1, 26 February 1998. 
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