WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/COMTD/LDC/W/15
17 May 1999
(99-1982)
Sub-Committee on Least-Developed Countries
INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR TRADE-RELATED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TO LEAST-DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Trade-Related "Round Table Meetings"/Consulta tions:  Outline Suggested to Assist the
Least-Developed Countries in Preparing their Documentation for Trade-Related Round
Tables/Consultations and an Indicative Timetable for the Preparation of such Meetings
Note by the Secretariat
The attached suggested outline has been prepared by the  secretariats of the six agencies most
directly involved in the Integrated Framework (IMF, ITC, UNCTAD, UNDP, World Bank and WTO)
and the Integrated Framework's Administrative Unit.  It is meant to assist the least-developed
countries in preparing their documentation for trade-related  Round Tables/Consultations, as foreseen
in paragraphs 5(e) and (f) of the Integrated Fr amework (document WT/LDC/H L/1/Rev.1), in order to
maximize the usefulness of these events.  Annexed to the outline is an indicative Timetable for the
preparation of such meetings.  Both the outline and the indicative Timetable can be found on the
website of the Integrated Framework: www.ldcs.org.  They are hereby circulated for information.
The Integrated Framework stipulates that the least-developed country will schedule a Round
Table meeting at which it will present the conclusions of its needs assessment and its proposed agenda
of trade-related technical assistance projects to meet the needs, indicating for which it has receiveddefinitive or provisional offers of technical assistance.  Subject to the availability of resources, the
Round Table meeting will provide the opportunity to endorse a multi-year specific programme of
trade-related technical assistance activities an d to designate implementing/executing agencies,
including from among intergovernmental agencies other than the six core agencies involved and
bilateral development partners and, where appropriate, the private sector.  It will also provide anoccasion for a least-developed country's development partners to announce interest in financing
and/or providing technical assistance and expertise to support elements of the programme.
The attached suggested outline is meant to assi st the least-developed countries in preparing
for these Roundtable meetings.  Assistance, upon request, of any of the six agencies and/or theAdministrative Unit to prepare for the Round Table m eeting will of course remain available.  The
indicative Timetable provides an indicative chronology of events leading up to the actual
"Round Table meeting", attached for purposes of assisting least-developed countries in their planning.WT/COMTD/LDC/W/15
Page 2
GOVERNMENT OF
(name of country)
REPORT
Prepared1 for the
ROUND TABLE MEETING ON TRADE
[or Donor Consultation on Trade-related Assistance]2
[or Round Table - or Consultation – or Sectoral Meeting- on Trade-Related Technical Assistance]
[or Round Table – or Consultation – or Sectoral Meeting - on Trade
and (e.g. the Private Sector, Investment, etc.)]
                                                     
1 This report has been prepared [by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, in consultation with other concerned
Ministries and organizations of the private sector] or [jointly by the Ministries of [Planning] [Finance] [Trade] [Tourism]].  It
has been cleared by [the Council of Ministers][an inter-governmental committee [task force] chaired by XXX].
2 This title could be selected if the consultation is part of the World Bank Consultative Group meetings.  On the
other hand, if it is intended to invite “partners”, such as other developing countries, the word “donor” might not be
appropriate.WT/COMTD/LDC/W/15
Page 3
[SECTORAL ROUND TABLE ON TRADE]
(same title as cover  page)
Table of Contents
I. INTRODUCTION
II. MACRO ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONSIII. RECENT TRENDS IN FOREIGN TRADE
IV. TRADE STRATEGY
V. CONSTRAINTS TO TRADEVI. INVENTORY OF EXISTING TRADE-RELATED  PROJECTS
3
VII. SUMMARY  OF PRIORITY PROJECTS [SUBMITTED FOR FUNDING ]ANNEX PROJECT PROFILES
_______________
OTHER ANNEXES
The following additional Annexes are optional.  It is desirable to keep the main document
relatively short.  For instance, the 7 sections may take up not more than 30 pages and the project
profiles another 25 pages.  Some or all of them can be circulated separately.
[ANNEX ___ : Integrated Framework for Trade-Rela ted Technical Assistance to Support
Least-Developed Countries.  (document WT/LDC/HL/1/Rev.1)]
[ANNEX ___ : Needs Assessment of (name of Country); and Integrated Responses of IMF,
ITC, UNCTAD, UNDP, the World Bank, and WTO.  [Available as a
document in the series WT/COMTD/IF/....., and on the IF
website: http://www.ldcs.org]
[ANNEX ___ : Note on the Round Table concerning [name of country].  [This applies only
to the 12 LDCs which had individual meetings with the development partners
on the occasion of the October 1997 HLM.]  [Available as document
WT/LDC/HL/M/1/Add. 1, and on website:  http://www.ldcs.org/hlmadd.htm]
[Other material, e.g. in-depth sectoral studies, policy frameworks, may be
made available as Background Documents].
                                                     
3Could be placed in Annex.WT/COMTD/LDC/W/15
Page 4
I. INTRODUCTION (maximum four pages)
It is suggested to start directly with a statement of Government’s objectives - a summary of
the trade strategy (based on section 4 below; openness of the economy and the role of the private
sector might be particularly mentioned) - and how specifically the Integrated Framework (IF) is to
support that strategy as a part of the overall development strategy.  This should explain why theGovernment (not just the Ministry of Trade) cons iders that trade is important in the development of
the country, and what strategy it intends to follow to ensure that trade contributes to the overall
development objectives, for instance through resource mobilization, employment creation, poverty
alleviation, while maintaining or enhancing environmental sustainability.
A. T
HE INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK
Illustrative language to introduce the Integrated Framework could be as follows:
(Quote ): It is generally recognized that many developing countries are faced with
major challenges in the context of globalization.  This is particularly the case for the poorest and
weakest among them - the Least Developed Countries.  It is against this background that the First
WTO Ministerial Conference in Singapore in December 1996 adopted an Integrated Plan of Action
for the Least Developed Countries (LDCs).
Pursuant to the Plan of Action, it was agreed by six multilateral agencies – IMF, ITC,
UNCTAD, UNDP, World Bank and WTO - that an Integrated Frame-work (IF) for the provision of
trade-related technical assistance to LDCs should be drawn up.  This IF has been adopted by the
High-Level Meeting on Integrated Initiatives for Least-Developed Countries = Trade Development ,
organized by the WTO in October 1997.  It has subsequently been endorsed by the Boards of UNDP,
the World Bank and UNCTAD.
[Note]: However, it is important to note that, as the Chairman of the High-Level
Meeting has recommended:
"… (b) Application of the Integrated Framework should not be limited (emphasis
added) to IMF, ITC, UNCTAD, UNDP, the World Bank and WTO.  In the country-specific process,
starting already with drawing up the initial needs assessment, continuous dialogue should be sought
with other relevant multilateral agencies, such  as FAO, the Common Fund and others that have
expressed their interest, with bilateral development partners.  In this process, also the private sector
should be taken fully aboard; … "(WTO document WT/LDC/HL/23)]
In the context of the IF, the Government of ...... prepared an assessment of its trade-related
technical assistance needs.  This needs assessment was subsequently considered by the six IF core
agencies, which prepared an integrated response to these needs.  The Needs Assessment and the
Integrated (agency) Responses are available as [Annexes documents x and y].( Unquote )
[Note]: For the following 12 LDCs only: (B angladesh, Chad, Djibouti, Guinea, Haiti,
Madagascar, Mali, Nepal, Tanzania, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zambia-), it might be desired to recall the
individual meetings held in Geneva during the October 1997 HLM and refer to any significant points
made on that occasion.  (The Report of each of these meetings is available on theIF website http://www.ldcs.org/hlmadd.htm.  Hard copies may be obtained from the
Administrative Unit).WT/COMTD/LDC/W/15
Page 5
(Quote )
B. THE ROUND TABLE [CONSULTATION ] AND ITS OBJECTIVES
As foreseen in the IF, Government has decided to schedule a Round Table meeting in (name
of city) on  Trade-Related Assistance  [provide exact title, same as in cover page] with the following
objectives: …"( Unquote )
The objectives of the meeting are stated in paras. 5(e) and 5(f) of the IF.(a) However, country circumstances differ, and it may be decided by an LDC, in
consultation with its main development partners, that the RT/Consultation should
have a wider scope.  For instance, it could deal also with enterprise development,investment, (or even employment creation or poverty alleviation
4.  In such cases, the
objectives described above will need to be correspondingly modified.  It is for each
LDC – in consultation with its main development partners – to determine the scope of
the trade-related programme to be addressed at the particular meeting and to reflect it
in the objectives.
(b) A possible statement of the (immediate) objective5 of the meeting could be along the
following lines:
(i) To present the government priorities to overcome the constraints to trade.(ii) To provide an occasion for the development partners to announce interest in
financing and/or providing assistance and expertise to support the government in
overcoming trade constraints.
(iii) To provide the opportunity to endorse a multi-year programme of trade-
related assistance activities.”
C. C
ONSULTATION PROCESS
It is important to describe  the consultation process which has led to the preparation of the
document. (Inter-ministerial, with the private sector, NGOs; pre-consultations with the maindevelopment partners – multilateral and bilateral - represented locally, etc.).  It should be ensured that
the document reflects the national point of view, in cluding those of the private sector, and is not the
emanation of just one Ministry.  This should be made clear here-and throughout the document.  (See
also the footnote on the cover page.)
A mention of which agency(ies) assisted in the preparation of the document, and which, if
any, acted as lead agency should be included.  It is important, as foreseen in paras. 5(e) and (f) of the
IF, to explain the link between this sectoral RT/consultation and the (past and future) World Bank
Consultative Group Meetings or the UNDP (overall) Round Tables.
At the end of the introduction, the structure/contents of the rest of the document - and its
Tables, or Annexes, if any, should be announced.
                                                     
4 However, in order to maintain a clear focus, it is recommended to include only topics which can be shown to be
closely and directly linked to trade.
5 These "immediate" objectives could be preceded by a statement of a long-term/broader development objective,
e.g. "to promote the social and economic development of (country) through enhancing its trade opportunities"WT/COMTD/LDC/W/15
Page 6
II. MACRO EONOMIC CONDITIONS (maximum one page)
[The IMF representative in each LDC stands ready to assist in drafting this section.]
The main national macro variables and policies relevant to trade (e.g., exchange rate regime,
rates of interest, inflation, indebtedness) should  be presented (one or two paras.).  Any policy
framework agreed upon with the IMF, and the performance under such a framework should be
indicated.  It is considered that the hallmarks of a trade -friendly environment include low fiscal and
current account deficits, low inflation, competitive exchange rates, and high savings rates.  However,
it is understandable that few LDCs will be able to claim excellence in these areas.  Yet efforts or
progress made in  the right direction should be highlighted.
III. RECENT TRENDS IN FOREIGN TRADE (maximum three pages)
Period could be most recent 3 years.  Perhaps 2-3 Tables. Role of trade in the economy.
Information on composition and direction of mercha ndise trade and invisibles (e.g. tourism) should be
included - also important BOP items such as remitta nces.  Given the increasing link between trade and
FDI, a short statement on the FDI record would be useful.  (Note:  One of the IF core agencies may be
able to provide this data.  If data is not available or is of poor quality, it  would be appropriate to
include technical assistance in this area among the projects presented to the RT.)  Notable changes
over the past few years - and prospects.  Some brief mention of high export-potential
products/services can be made here (to be further developed in ' 4 Trade Strategy).
IV. TRADE STRATEGY (maximum three pages )
Closely linked to the macro-economic considerations in ' 2 above, this section could describe
the main elements of the country's trade policies and export strategies relating them to the overall
development strategy . These could include subjects such as:
- Openness - nature and extent of tariffs and NTBs.  Sectors which are protected.- Attitude vis-à-vis  WTO membership and multilateral agreements and participation in
negotiations.
- Policies on direction of trade, e.g. pref erential trade arrangements, custom unions,
regional integration.
- Commercial aspects of governance (e.g. arbitration of commercial conflicts);
copyright legislation and enforcement.
- Environmental/spatial policies related to trade and location of economic activities.WT/COMTD/LDC/W/15
Page 7
- Export strategy.  What results or targets are set?  What strategy does Government
intend to follow in this regard towards: traditional exports (e.g., Is the country boxed
in the production of commodities whose overall value/quantity are declining in the
world market? What is proposed for dive rsification, processing?); non-traditional
domestic exports; manufacturing based on imported inputs/free zones; servicesexports.  Particular activities/sectors where the country is thought to have
comparative advantage or high export potential should be mentioned.  Are these
targeted, and how?
- Respective role of Government, para-statals and the private sector in trade and
production (in the light of the capacity of the national/international private sector to
innovate and take risk).  Any policy/institutional arrangements to encouragecooperative behaviour (intra-private sector, and private sector/government).
- Investment policy - National, regional; in vestment codes; international treaties;
institutional arrangements and support (e.g. one-stop shop); any special programmes
towards SMEs and micro-enterprises.
Note: (i) In each case, it should be explained how the policy/strategy is part of the
overall development strategy, and supports basic development objectives, such as
poverty alleviation.
(ii) In drafting this section, specific consideration should be given to the
constraints (as well as facilitating aspects) which the macro-setting (§2 above) impose
on trade policy.
V. CONSTRAINTS TO TRADE (maximum six pages)
The main constraints/obstacles to trade expansion should be spelt out.  These constraints
should be related to development objectives, not just to the (intermediate) trade objectives.
The Needs Assessment document already presents these constraints.  What is needed is just
an update or modifications that take into account in particular the views of the rest of the
administration, the business sector, other trade players.
To facilitate the update the outline should follow the Check-List for conducting the Needs
Assessments.  It might be convenient to classify these constraints under the following sub-headings:
1. Supply Constraints : Physical, institutional, human resources.  Bottlenecks to export
diversification, investment flows; foreign/domestic; research and development
(Note: The supply constraints are usually the most severe, in most LDCs.  They
include transport and telecommunications infrastructure, energy, water, etc.)
2. Trade Promotion and Trade Support Services Constraints
3. Market Access Constraints
4. Compliance with/Participation in the Multilateral Trading System – if not included in
item 3 above.
[In identifying and documenting the constraint s, it is usually possible to draw upon the
assessment and advice of international agencies.]WT/COMTD/LDC/W/15
Page 8
[It is often expected when presenting constraints to flag opportunities at the same time.  This
can be referred to very briefly here, but the opportunities/perceived competitive advantage could be
better discussed under the Trade Strategy section ' 4 above.]
VI. INVENTORY OF EXISTING  TRADE-RELATED PROJECTS
(could be placed in an Annex)
Before moving to the submission of activities for which support is requested, it would be
useful to present an inventory of ongoing projects and activities (including those that have ended over
the past 12 months)6.  A first partial inventory (covering the six core agencies) has been prepared for
the HLM in 1997 (document WT/LDC/HL/9).  This wi ll be updated and reflected in the IF website.
The lead agency selected would request inventories from other development partners.  The inventory
must include projects supported by all development partners – bilateral and multilateral.  Projects,
which are not firmly funded, even those in advance stages of discussion, should not be included here -they are preferably presented under ' 7 and in the project profiles.  The description of the projects inthis inventory can be very succinct.  An illustrative example:
(Quote )
TEXTILE AND GARMENT SECTOR STUDY
USD 0.23 million.
IFC
Under  implementation   (Jan-June 1999).
Objective/Activities :  A study to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Textile and Garment
Manufacturing Sector in (Country X) ( Unquote ).
These projects could be grouped by category, for instance according to the type of constraints
which they address, with sub-headings as per ' 5 above.  These projects can be  referred to in the
individual Project Profiles in the Annex, to the extent that the new projects would be expected to build
upon and complement existing ones.
VII. SUMMARY OF PRIORITY PROJECTS (SUBMITTED FOR FUNDING) (maximum
four pages)
The multi-year programme to be presented and endorsed at the RT consists of the ongoing
IF-related projects (' 6 above) and the new projects for which additional support is needed (or need tobe confirmed) - the latter summarized in this section -, preferably in one Table.  This Table could be
accompanied by a very brief introduction, which should show what synergies/complementarities exist
among the projects.  The overall strategy of Government and the constraints having been described
above, at this point there needs only to be a reference to the constraint addressed by each project.  In
the selection of projects, it should be ensured that they are realistic, are transparently presented in away which enables harmonization of initiatives.  The sub-headings - or modules - should preferably
be the same as those of ' 6.  It might be possible for easier comprehension to also prepare a synthetic
table including the on-going projects and the proposed ones together.  The actual project profiles
-constituents of the Summary Table - should be left for the Annex.  Priorities should be indicated.
                                                     
6 Any evaluation of  the impact/result of the ongoing/recently terminated projects would be of interest.WT/COMTD/LDC/W/15
Page 9
ANNEX I
Project Profiles
The presentation should as far as possible follow the same sub-headings/modules as those of
sections 6 and 7.  If a modular approach is chosen, it might be found useful to provide a more general
introduction to each module (e.g. broad objective, situational analysis, institutional set-up), leaving
more specific considerations to the individual project profiles.  It is important that the projects
presented be clearly seen as to be demand driven by the country itself (government - with private
sector, as appropriate).7
Illustrative Example of a Project Profile
PROJECT PROFILE No. K
Title: Promotion of calcium carbonate
Objective: Production and export of calcium carbonateBeneficiaries: Directly, the operators of the industry and their employees.(Note:  In cases where there are external benefits, indirect beneficiaries can also be mentioned.)
National Agency(ies) and institution(s):   Ministry of  Commerce and  Industry; Ministry of Public
Works (Mining section); Export and Investment Promotion Unit of the Chamber of Commerce
Funding requested: USD 200,000(Studies and support for the establishment of a joint venture)
Potential partner/source of funding  (if any): Preliminary discussions have been held with the
(e.g. Development Bank)
8
Recent or ongoing Assistance  (if any): A  survey of mining  resources has been undertaken in 1998
with the assistance of the government of ….
Justification:
Large Calcium Carbonate deposits of a very high degree of purity (>96%) and whiteness
(>90%) exist in the province of ….  They have not been exploited so far, in spite of the veryfavourable conditions in the international market.  This product may be utilized as an input in the
manufacturing of paper, paint, plastic, as well as pharmaceutical and food products.  Exports at say
                                                     
7 Although project proposals developed by some international agencies (e.g. FAO, UNIDO, WIPO, UNCTAD,
ITC) may, if considered a priority by the Government, provide the material for presenting a project profile, it is strongly
recommended to avoid referring to them as "project of agency X".
8 Note:  It is important that the project be (and be perceived to be) a national project and not "a project of
agency X".  However, it might be indicated in a footnote that "Agency X has assisted in developing this project and wouldbe prepared to implement it".WT/COMTD/LDC/W/15
Page 10
USD 180 per tonne fob could give rise to foreign exchange earnings of some USD 2 million
per month … jobs are expected to be created in this depressed area.  The deposits are located away
from a population centre, so that any pollution (dust) from the operation would not create a major
problem.  A small crushing plant would be required, and the capital requirements would be some
USD 2 million.
Output and Activities
Output/ Expected Result Conditions in place for the exploitation of the calcium carbonate de
calcium deposits, probably as a joint-venture.
Activities Preparation of a feasibility study and provision of support in all
phases of negotiations for the creation of a joint venture for the
extraction, processing and export of Calcium Carbonate at …,
located in the province of …WT/COMTD/LDC/W/15
Page 11
ANNEX II
Indicative Timetable for the Preparation of Trade-Related Meetings (TRMs)
Time
MonthsStatement of
Intent &
Preparatory
StepsEstablishment
of Steering
Committee
Launch
Workshop
(optional)Preparation
of draft
documentComments/
ConsultationsFinalization of
the documentLogistics/
DisseminationTRM
T-6 x
T-5 x x
T-4 x
T-3 x x
T-2 x x
T-1 x
T x
T = the month of the TR Meeting (TRM).
Indicative Chronology of Events
Statement of intent and preparatory steps.  THE DECISION TO SCHEDULE A TRM IS
MADE BY THE LDC CONCERNED.  It would be e xpected that a decision to start preparation be
communicated to one of the core agencies and/or the IF Administrative Unit.  This information will be
reflected on the IF website and widely circulated.  In order to give that decision operational
significance, a number of interrelated preparatory matters would need to be addressed up front:
- Determine the link (e.g. in terms of substantive content, of timing, of logistics) of the
proposed TRM with the UNDP Round Table  process or the World Bank
Consultative Group Meetings [I.F., paras. 5(e) and 5(f)].  It is recommended that
this link be explicitly made at an early stage and be reflected in the documentation.
- Closely related to the above is the question of which lead agency(ies) , if any, should
be designated and what would be its role (e.g. help in preparing the documentation, in
logistics, in co-chairing the meeting).  In practice, in view of the experience of theWorld Bank and UNDP in matters of Round Tables/CGs and of the necessary link
between these mechanisms and the TRM, the main lead agency would be either of
these agencies - with the possibility of other agencies – or other parties, or the IF
Administrative Unit, assisting with the documentation or other aspects.  Together
with the lead agency the assistance  the LDC might require to prepare  itself for and
organize the TRM (consultant(s), logistical support etc.) should be determined.
- Careful consideration needs to be given to the objective and scope of the meeting
(this will depend on country situations – see §1 of the suggested outline in this
respect).  This has to be defined very clearly since it will guide the nature of thedocumentation, the selection of the contents of the multi-year programme to be
presented and endorsed, the agenda of the TRM and its outcome.
Stakeholders Group/Steering Committee :  In order to steer the TRM process, it is desirable to set
up at an early stage a stakeholders group/steering committee  (selected from the relevant ministries,
active private sector and local donor/agency representatives).  This group could participate in theWT/COMTD/LDC/W/15
Page 12
decisions above and be consulted at various stages in the process.  The objective here is to achieve as
much consensus as possible, spread knowledge of the IF process and avoid the pitfall of presenting
the views of just one Ministry – or sub-group.
Launch Workshop  (optional):  It may be found appropriate to organize a launch workshop to
"kickstart" the preparations.  This workshop would be a half-day, informal meeting aimed at raising
awareness of the IF process among all stakeholders .  It would firm up the preparatory steps (1, 2,
3 above) and establish the Steering Committee of stakeholders (if not already in place).  This
workshop could be attended by a member of the core agencies or of the Administrative Unit.
Preparation of draft document :  The Government, with the involvement of the relevant
stakeholders, and help of a consultant(s) where necessary, prepares a first draft of the document forthe TRM.  An outline for TRM document as a possible guideline is available for this purpose from the
IF Administrative Unit.
Comments/Consultations : The draft when prepared should be circulated in electronic format (where
possible) to the main development partners and the six core agencies for comments.  TheAdministrative Unit could assist in this regard.  The draft documentation could also be the basis of
informal consultations with potential donors, who could even at this stage be sounded out for possible
funding/implementing of elements of a Multi-Year Programme.
Finalization of the Document : The draft document should be finalized in light of the ongoing
comments/consultations, preferably concurrently with them.  Apart from the stakeholders
group/steering committee involvement, the formal approval of Council of Ministers or a high-level
Government body is recommended.
TRM Logistics/Dissemination/  Issuing of Invitations :  The date of the TRM should be finalized
only once it is clear that the documentation is or is about to be in an acceptable shape.  Invitations
should be issued two months before.  Dissemination of the documentation to the invitees as well as
the agenda should be done at least 4 weeks (by electronic means) prior to the TRM meeting date to
give participants (including those in capitals) time, to study the document and come forward with
specific positions and proposals at the TRM meeting.  Translation, at least of an executive summary,
may be necessary if the language is other than English.
TRM :  The meeting (at the T month) takes place.  A record or report of the meeting indicating the
precise conclusions of policy dialogue, interest shown/commitments, etc. would be prepared by the
Government in cooperation with the lead agency to facilitate follow-up and enable reporting to a
wider audience.  This report should thus be drafted in an operational manner.  It will be published
[c.f. I.F., para. 5(f)]; and disseminated by the I.F. Administrative Unit.
Follow-up : Based on the results of the TRM, the LDC’s Multi-Year Programme (MYP) as endorsed
can be implemented.  It is important to have an active follow-up mechanism.  In this respect, the
Inter-Agency Working Group and the I.F. Administrativ e Unit will assist in monitoring, but “the role
of coordinating the implementation and monitoring… of activities conducted under the IntegratedFramework shall be primarily the responsibility of the least developed country concerned” [I.F., para.
5(l)].  The Stakeholders Group/Steering Committee could have a major role.  “Where possible the
proceedings will be included in the World Bank Consultative Group Meetings and in the UNDP
Roundtables” [I.F., para. 5(e)], and “the results should be incorporated into World Bank Country
Assistance Strategy documents and into UNDP Country Strategy Notes” [I.F., para. 5(f)].
__________