RESTRICTEDWORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONIP/C/W/232/Add.2
29 June 2001
(01-3262)
Council for Trade-Related Aspects
of Intellectual Property RightsOriginal:  English
REVIEW OF LEGISLATION
Replies from Kuwait to follow-up questions posed by
the European Communities and their member States
Addendum
By means of a communication from the Permanent Mission of Kuwait dated 13 June 2001,
the Secretariat has received copies of the following responses to follow-up questions posed by the
European Communities and their member States, which were circulated in document
IP/C/W/219/Add.3, together with an explanatory memorandum on the Kuwaiti law on intellectualproperty rights.
_______________
Follow-up question to response to question 2:
Please clarify the scope of the Kuwait law and cite the relevant provisions in the law.Regarding the extent of protection secured under the Kuwaiti Law No. 64/1999 on intellectual
property rights, we find that the Kuwaiti legislation has regulated the extent of the legal protection of
the intellectual property law under first, second and third articles thereof.
Hereunder, the text of the abovementioned three articles of Chapter I of the law, pertaining to
the scope of protection:
"Article 1The authors of newly created literary works of arts, letters and science shall be under the
protection hereof irrespective of the value, type, objective or expressive style of these literary
works.
An author means the person who creates the literary work, or to whom the literary work is
attributed upon publication thereof whether by mentioning his name on the literary work or in
any other manner unless there is evidence to the contrary.
Article 2The protection shall cover the following literary works in particular:(a) Written literary works;
(b) Literary works delivered orally, such as lectures, speeches, religious sermons and the
like;IP/C/W/232/Add.2
Page 2
(c) Theatrical works and musical plays;
(d) Musical composition works with or without words;
(e) Works performed by means of movement or steps that is prepared for direction;(f) Cinematic works, broadcast works, audio and video;(g) Drawings, illustrations depicted by means of lines, colours and diagrams as well as
literary works of architecture, sculpture, arts carving and decorations;
(h) Photographic works;(i) Works of applied art, whether craft or industrial designs;(j) Illustrations, geographic map, design, plans and models relating to geography,
topography, architecture and science;
(k) Computer works including software, databases and the like;(l) Derived and translated literary works.
The protection also covers the title of the work, if this is created and it is not a common
expression that indicates the subject-matter of the said work.
Article 3
The protection shall also cover those who, under permission from the author, have translated
the literary work into another language and those who have summarised, amended or
explained such work or carried out any other act that gives such works a new shape.
The protection prescribed in the previous paragraph does not prejudice the protection of the
original author of the literary work.
However, the rights of an author of a photogr aphic work shall not entail to prevent other from
taking new photographs of the photographed object even if these new photographs are taken
in the same place and in the same general circumstances as the first photographs."
Follow-up question to response to question 5:
Please clarify the protection granted to producers of phonograms (sound recording) and
broadcasting organizations and cite the relevant provisions in the law.
We find that the Kuwaiti law concerning intellectual property rights No. 64 of 1999 has
secured protection of the recorded types (phonograms) and broadcasting works.  Further, it has
provided the provisions related to law through many aspects of protection under certain articles.
First: Article 2 of the first chapter related to the extent of protection in paragraphs (d) and (f).
Second: in addition to the aforesaid, i.e. article 15 of the second section of Chapter I relating
to the general provisions of the rights of the author.
Third: Article 25 of Chapter II on certain literary works.IP/C/W/232/Add.2
Page 3
Follow-up question to response to question 6:
Please clarify how the second paragraph of Article 16 of the Kuwait Law, which permits the
Minister for Information to grant a licence concerning the translation of a literary work into Arabic,
preserves the legitimate interests of the right holders in accordance with the relevant provisions of theBerne Convention and in light of Article 13 of the TRIPS Agreement.
Please refer to the second paragraph of Article 16 of the same law that permits the Minister of
Information to licence the translation of the literary work into Arabic.  Further, the Minister may order
publishing of the same after the lapse of one year following the date of publishing the cardinal work
or the firstly translated work for the first time.  In  such a case, fair compensation will be paid to the
author or the person(s) to whom the right in th e translated work has been devolved to them.
The explanatory memo of this law has justified this exemption granted to the Minister of
Information.
1  However, restrictions and controls limit this right viz.: when the Minister of
Information deems that this work constitutes scientific and cultural importance that serves the cultural
aspect of the society in order to be beneficial to the Kuwaiti society on the social and cultural level,provided that fair compensation must be paid.
Note: please refer to Article 13 of the TRIPS Agreement.
Follow-up question to response to question 8:
Please clarify how, and under what provision, Kuwait legislation grants the retroactive
protection provided pursuant to Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement to works and other
subject-matter that are still under protection in their country of origin.
[No reply received]
Follow-up question to response to question 14:
Please describe how, and under what provisions of your legislation, the requirements of
Articles 22.3 of the TRIPS Agreement are implemented.
[No reply received]
Follow-up question to response to question 15:
Please clarify whether or not Kuwait has implemented the definition of a geographical
indication as included in Article 22.1 of the TRIPS Agreement.
The Kuwaiti law No. 64 of 1999 under Chapter I, Article 2, para. (j) thereof, relating to
illustrations, geographic maps, designs, drawings and depicted works relating to geography,
topography, architecture and science has guaranteed protection of these things, like other works whichhave already protected under Article 2 of Chapter I, including the works that are protected under other
paragraphs (a) to (l) in addition to the protection provided for any new and innovated works once this
work is characterised by an innovative character and it is not a word commonly used to indicate the
subject-matter of the literary work.
                                                     
1 The explanatory memorandum is reproduced in the annex.IP/C/W/232/Add.2
Page 4
ANNEX
Explanatory memorandum of the La w on Intellectual Property Rights
Literary, artistic and scientific works are the fruits of human thought, the outcome of intellect
and the mirror of man's character.  There is no doubt that the protection of the author's rights has
become one of the strong requirements necessitated by the present cultural progress and also
necessary because of the introduction of modern printing and publishing techniques, the protection of
the author's rights, preservation of the fruits of their efforts and intellectual innovations.  It has
become necessary to encourage to continue their technical and scientific activity.
Due to the importance of protecting authors' rights, Kuwait has acceded to several
conventions, such as the Arab Convention for the Protection of Authors' Rights in 1986 and the
founding treaty of the World Intellectual Property Organization.  For these considerations and to
complete the basic laws in the country, the law is  prepared for the efficient protection of the author
based on  national legal texts.
The provisions of the law reflect significant mode rn legislative attitudes, points of view and
are in line with contemporary legislation.  The law pays attention to the international conventions
related to the protection of authors' rights with which Kuwait is affiliated.  The law includes within its
text the provisions of such conventions and adopts the latest solutions concluded by theseinternational conventions, notably the World Convention on Author Rights Geneva (1952) and its
various amendments, the Arab Convention for the Protection of Authors' Rights, the Convention on
Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights with which Kuwait is affiliated as per Law No. 2/1998 as
well as the reports of the International Committee formed in accordance with the provisions of the
said convention for keeping pace with the developed countries which adopted these solutions afterthese become internationally established rules.
Under Chapter I the law specifies the scope of protection.  The law does not specify the types
of art works protected by it by way of limitation in anticipation of future additions.  However, it
makes a general rule and gives some examples of the common and circulated type.  The first
paragraph of article 1 provides that the works whose authors have legal protection are newly created
works in the fields of arts, letters and sciences irrespective of the value, type, compilation, objectiveor expression style of these works so that this scope includes known works in the present and those
works which may be created in the future.
The second paragraph of this article defines the author as the person who creates the compiled
work as well as the person to whom the. work is attributed upon publication thereof in any manner
that  allows no doubt regarding his identification. This is a legal fact that may be disproved by all
legally stipulated means
Article 2 points out examples of the works which its authors are protected by law from what
is common and generally accepted nowadays, such as computer software and databases, in conformitywith established rules in accordance with international conventions, being considered as literary
works.  It does not omit to expressly prove that protection also covers the title to the work if this is
distinguished with an innovative form but not if it is a common word denoting the subject matter of
the work.
Article 3 deals with works derive d from previous works including translated works as well as
all forms of existing works compiled into new forms and covers them with the protection where
permission from the original author to do so has been obtained.IP/C/W/232/Add.2
Page 5
The third paragraph of this article provides for a restriction with respect to photographic
works, namely that the author may not prevent others from taking new photographs of the thing
photographed.  This restriction is not considered as limitation of the rights of the photographic author.
The protection of photographic work necessitates the prevention of reproduction of photographs
directly from the same photographic work without pe rmission from the author.  However, it does not
prevent the taking of other photographs  at the same place even if this is done unless the same
conditions as the first photographs.
Chapter II of the Law regulates the author's rights.  The first part of this chapter deals with
general provisions.  Article 4 provides that the author shall solely decide whether his work is
published and how it should be published.  He is also entitled to utilize it financially.  It prohibits third
parties from using this right except under prior written permission from the author or his successor.
Article 5 quoted certain forms in which a work may be utilized financially, namely
reproduction and presentation to the public through public performance, translation, amendment,
summary, explanation and modification into any other form.  It is understood that these forms were
not mentioned in this article as example.
Article 6 states some of the author literary rights related to his work.  It stipulates that he is
solely entitled to have his work attributed to him.  He and his successor have the right to object to any
amendment made by third parties to his work without permission from him.  It also provides for the
exceptions thereof.
On the other hand, Articles 7 - 11 provide for the cases when the author is deprived of the
right to object to the utilization of his own work by third parties even if such utilization is made
without his permission.  It is remarkable that these last cases do not conflict with the author's rights
related to his work because the  same do not imply material utilization or infringement of his literary
right.  However, they agree with a nature of this  right that aims to promulgation culture in general.
These cases include the music play or acting in a private meeting which does not yield financial
benefit or where the reproduction is done for the priv ate use of an individual or by a public library or
non-commercial registration house provided that the reproduction is limited to the fulfilment of its
need and does not prejudice the ordinary utilization of the work, or the presentation, quotation or
analysis of some work for criticism, study or inform ation etc.  Provided that the reference and author's
name are clearly mentioned.  However, the author shall solely have the right to publish collection ofhis speeches or articles as stipulated in Article 12.
After the law has stated the author's rights during his life, it deals with the disposition of such
rights after his death.  Article 13 thereof indicates the reason for rights of material utilization pass to
his heirs in addition to the need to comply with any contract he may have concluded with publishinghouses or his will to prevent publication or setting times or conditions therefor.  In case of a joint
work it provides for the passing of his share to the remaining authors in equal shares if he has no heir
or legatee and it is not agreed otherwise in writing.
Then the law deals with the case when the  heirs of a Kuwaiti author do not publish the work
of their legator nor republish it while the public interest necessitates publication of the work.
Article 14 entitles the Minister of Information to request the heirs to publish the work under a
registered letter with recorded delivery.  If the author's heirs or his successors insist on refusing
publication of the work, the Minister shall be entitled to have an order issued by the president of the
Court of First Instance to hand over the work to him for publication.  All this shall be withoutprejudice to the entitlement of the author or his successor to fair compensation.
Article 15 of the law provides for special provisions concerning performing artists such as
singers, musicians and dancers as the practical reality has revealed that the share of some performingIP/C/W/232/Add.2
Page 6
artists is many times double the share of the author of the work.  However, some of them may be the
most important reason the public is attracted to a work and its popularity.
Whereas the author's financial rights related to his work is temporary by its nature, Articles 16
and 17 of the law states the expiry of the protection period of all types of created works.  Article 16provides for the expiry of the author's right of protection and the right of the person who translated his
work into another foreign language in connection with the translation of such a work into Arabic if the
author or the translator does not exercise this right within five years from the date the original or
translated work is first published.  However, the Minister of Information may license the translation of
the work into Arabic or publishing thereof one year after the date the original or translated work was
published for the first time in addition to a fair compensation is paid to the author or the person to
whom the translation rights have passed, for the pr omulgation of culture so that society benefits from
every innovated and creative work.
The first item of Article 17 provides for the general rule related to the period of protection
that lasts for the author's life and fifty years after his death.  If several authors create the work, the
period of protection shall be calculated as of the date the last surviving author dies.  In both cases, theperiod shall start as of the end of the calendar year when the death occurred.  The second and third
items of this article provide for another date for the commencement of the period of protection in
connection with some works.  The law here pays attention. to the public interest and gives it priority
over the author's interest in view of the nature of the work or the connections attached to its
publication or if the author is an artificial person.  The second item of this article considers the firstdate of publication as the time from which the fifty year period would be calculated and after which
the right of utilization shall expire in connection with the works published under an assumed name or
without mentioning the author's name unless the author under his assumed name is known to the
public or unless the author discloses his identity.  In this case, the provisions contained in the first
item thereof shall be applied to him.  This is also applicable to works where the entitled person is anartificial person.  This is also the case in connection with cinematic works, photographic works,
applied arts, computer software, databases and the works that are published for the first time after the
death of their author.  The third item considers the end of the calendar year during which the
performance is done as the commencement date for calculating the fifty year period stipulated for the
expiry of protection in the case of performing artists and the end of the calendar year during which
recording was made in connection with the producer of cinematic works or works prepared for radio
or TV.  The fourth item provides for a shorter protection period in connection with the programs of abroadcasting corporation, i.e. twenty-five years to co mmence as of the end of the calendar year during
which the work was first broadcast.
In the second part of the second chapter, the law deals with some works that require special
provisions such as joint work that is complied by several persons whereby the portion of any of themcannot be separated from the share of the other.  Article 18 provides that all authors are considered as
having equal rights in such a work unless it is otherwise agreed in writing.  It prevents them from
exercising the copyrights with respect to this wo rk except under this unanimous agreement, except for
taking precautionary and summary procedures and any of them may claim for compensation for his
damages because of such infringement.  It provides  that the Court of First Instance is competent to
decide any dispute between them in this regard.
However, if it is possible to separate the share of each author, Article 19 provides that each of
them is entitled to utilize the part that he solely  contributed, provided that this shall not affect the
utilization of the joint work unless it is otherwise agreed in writing.
Due to the fact that one compilation element of the joint work may have special
predominance or importance in relation to the other elements, Article 20 entitles the author of the
musical part only of a work with music and lyrics, such as an opera, to operate or license the public
performance of the joint work in whole or the execution or publishing thereof.  It also entitles theIP/C/W/232/Add.2
Page 7
author of the literary or to utilize his own part provided that he shall not use it as a basis for another
musical work unless it is otherwise agreed in writing.  Article 21 entitles the designer of movements
of joint works which are executed in the form of movements accompanied by music such as ballet,
show and sport games if accompanied with music to license the public performance, execution or
shooting of the whole of the joint work and makes the composer of the musical part free to dispose ofhis part provided that it is not utilized in a work similar to the joint work unless it is agreed otherwise
in writing.
After Article 22 specifies who is considered to be a partner in the creation of cinema work or
a work prepared for radio or TV.  Article 23 provides that the author of scenario of this work and the
person who modified the literary work and the direct or are together entitled to present it despite any
objection made by the music composer, without prejudice to the rights resulting from participation  in
the composition.  The second paragraph of the article entitles the author of the literary and musical
part to publish his work in any other manner unless it is otherwise agreed in writing.  Article 24 deals
with the case when a participant in the compilation of one of these works does not complete his own
part of such a work and deprives him of the right to object to the use by the other participants of the
part which he has already completed so that his objection, which may be ungrounded or unimportant,does not result in the suspension of the artistic work or in gross material losses which are not
compatible with reasons for the objection.
As the production of the video works necessitates its producer's reproduction thereof without
interference from the authors who have an interest in the same work, so Article 25 defines theproducer of cinema works or works prepared for radio or TV as the natural or artificial person who
completes it or assumes liability for such comple tion or the one who gives the author thereof the
material and financial means necessary for the completion thereof and then entitles him to all
publishing rights in his capacity as their attorney as well as their successors' attorney with respect to
the presentation and utilization thereof unless it is otherwise agreed in writing.
Article 26 provides that a collective work is that work is created by a group under the
direction of a natural or artificial persons whereby the contribution of each participant cannot be
distinguished nor separated out, such as  an encyclopedia and thesaurus.  In this case, the person who
directed the innovation of this work and compiled it shall be solely entitled to exercise the rights of
the author.
Article 27 of the law provides, in connection with a work created by a person for the account
of another person, for a provision contrary to that related to the collective work.  In case of the
collective work, the contribution of participant to this  work is mixed with the others' contributions and
therefore cannot be attributed to one of them only.  Therefore, the law decides that it be attributed to
the natural or artificial person who directed the innovation of this work.  As for a work compiled by aspecific person even under the direction and for account of another person, the character of the author
shall remain clear and evident in it and therefore th e work shall be attributed to the innovator as a
general rule unless it is otherwise agreed in writing.
Article 28 of the law contains a legal fact that the publisher of the works made under an
assumed name or the works which do not bear the author's name is considered as the latter's attorney
with respect to the exercising of his rights thereto.
Article 29 of the law contains some provisions related to photography.  It lays down a general
rule that a photograph may not be displayed or reproduced and distributed without consent in writingfrom the person who is photographed unless the photograph was published on the occasion of a public
event or  is related to officials or publicly known persons or if the authorities permit the publication
thereof in the public interest unless such an act affects the honour or reputation or prestige of the
photographed person.IP/C/W/232/Add.2
Page 8
The third part of the second chapter of the law deals with compilation rights.  Article 30
provides for the right of the author to transfer the ri ght of utilization; referred to in Articles 4, second
paragraph and 5 of the law to third parties.  It makes the validity of transfer conditional upon it being
in writing, so that each right, which is subject to transfer, its extent, its purpose, period, and place of
utilization are determined.  Writing here is the basis of validity and not just probation means.  In thelast paragraph of this article, it obliges the author to abstain from any act that should impair the
transferee's utilization of the transferred right.  The fifth paragraph provides that the provisions related
to the author's assignment of his rights in accordance with the provisions of this decree law apply to
performing artists.  Article 31 also permits the author to dispose of his rights related to the work on
the basis of a relative sharing of revenues and treats the case when an. agreement is unfair to the
author's rights with a provision which is considered  a deviation from the general rules of contracts, a
provision necessitated by considerations of justice, on the basis that an author is usually wronged inthe relationship existing between him and a publisher or presenter particularly if he is a rising or new
author.
As the literary rights stated in Articles 4,  first paragraph, and 6 of the law are personal rights
of the author, the law explicitly stipulates in Article 32 that each disposal thereof is invalid.  It alsoprovides in Article 33 for the invalidity of the author s disposal of his total future intellectual output.
If the work is a single original work of art the law is keen to provide explicitly in Article 34
that the author's disposal thereof would not transfer his rights thereof to the transferee, but he is not
entitled to oblige the latter to enable him to make a true copy thereof or present such, a copy unlessthey agree otherwise in writing in the transfer agreement.
The law does not omit to entitle the author only under Article 35, if serious reasons arise, to
request the Court of First Instance to order the withdrawal of his work from circulation despite the
disposal of his right of utilization in consideration for a compensation to the transferee for anyresulting material damages.  The author shall pay the compensation as ruled by the court in advance
within a specified period before actual withdrawal of the work.  If the author does not pay the
compensation within the specified period, the judgement ordering withdrawal shall be invalid and the
work shall put into circulation once again.
In the third part thereof, the law states the precautionary procedures and penalties that
guarantee the protection of the author's rights in an efficient and quick manner. Article 36 permits theauthor and his successor to request a judge of summary matters in the court of first instance to order
the taking of all or some of the protective procedures specified in case of infringement of his right to
publish the work or show it without written permission from the entitled person. These protective
procedures are of two types:
The first type: This is intended for suspensi on of the damage resulting from infringement of
the author's rights i.e. suspension of future dama ges. This type includes the following procedures:
detailed description of the work, suspension of its publication, presentation or manufacture, recording
of public performance with respect to a compiled melody, acting or delivery to the public and
prevention of the continuance of the existing show or its prohibition in the future.
The second type: This is intended for the assessment of the actual damages resulting from the
infringement and taking the procedures that would preserve the author's rights by elimination of such
damage. This type of procedure includes, attachment of the original work or its copies as well as the
materials used for reproduction thereof and assessment of the revenues resulting from publishing orshowing it by an expert delegated for this purpose, attachment of these revenues in all cases.  The
ordering judge may oblige the applicant to deposit an appropriate guarantee to ensure the seriousness
of the application.IP/C/W/232/Add.2
Page 9
This article also obliges the concerned party to file the original dispute with a competent court
within eight days following the issue of the order,  otherwise the order shall be deemed null and void.
Article 37 provides that a complaint may be filed against an order issued in the cases
stipulated in Article 36 before the judge who made the order who may rule for confirmation of theorder or amendment or cancellation thereof and appoint a receiver for the dispute work.
Article 38 mentions some procedures which the trial court, upon referral of original dispute
and upon the request of the author or his deputy  may order such destruction of the copies of the work
unlawfully published and the materials used for publishing it and the change of its features or making
them unsuitable for use.  However, it made an exce ption for this i.e. in the circumstances where the
author's right expires after less than two years from th e date the judgement is issued.  Instead of this, it
permitted the court to rule for confirmation of precautionary attachment for fulfilment of the
compensation filed in favor of the author.  This exception necessarily includes the case of a work
translated into Arabic in violation of the first para graph of Article 15 on the basis that this violation is
not so serious that it necessitates a judgement for destruction. The second paragraph of the article
provides that the compensation amount ruled in favor of the author shall have a lien over the saleprice of the attached items and money for fulfilment thereof.  The only lien that shall have priority
over it is that of the judicial expenses spent for preservation maintenance thereof and collection of
such amount.
Article 39 provides that attachment may not be  imposed on the author's right to publish his
work.  The right that may not be attached means th e author's financial right. Concerning the literary
right, it is well established that it may not be subj ect to attachment or disposal thereof because it is
one of the rights attached to personality.  The provision that attachment of the financial rights may not
be imposed, although it is disposable by nature, is considered a deviation from the general rules so
that the author is not obliged to publish his work involuntarily through attachment in violation of hisliterary right.  If the author voluntarily decides to publish his work and had done so, his literary right
shall expire and only his financial right remains i.e. the copies that were published and are possessed
by him.  Therefore, this article expressly provides that these copies may be attached. However, the
author's financial right related to works where he died before deciding whether to publish them may
not be attached for the aforementioned considerations.  However, if it is conclusively established that
before his death the author intended to publish his work, the heirs may publish it and hence the
creditors may impose attachment on the copies thereof.
Article 40 provides that buildings may not be attached and no judgement may be passed for
destruction or confiscation thereof.  The national he ritage of Kuwaiti society is also considered the
public property of the state.  The state, represented by the Ministry of Information, will initiate the
protection of the moral and financial rights of the author.
Article 41 provided that each author whose rights contained herein is subject to an
infringement shall be entitled to compensation.
In the second part of the third chapter, penalties are provided.  Article 42 specifies the
penalties that the court shall order for infringement of the author's rights.
The third part, that is the last part of the law, contains some miscellaneous provisions.Article 43 specifies the scope of the law with respect to compiled works.  It provides that its
provisions are applicable to:
1. works compiled by Kuwaiti authors and published in Kuwait or abroad;IP/C/W/232/Add.2
Page 10
2. works compiled by Arab authors who are nationals of the member states of the Arab
Convention on the Protection of Authors' Rights and published in one of these countries;
3. works compiled by foreign authors and published for the first time in Kuwait;
4. works compiled by authors who are nationals of the member states of the World
Intellectual Right Organization (Treaty) that are published for the first time in one of these
countries;
5. works compiled by foreign authors who are nationals of the countries which treat
Kuwaiti an author works on reciprocal basis.
The law allocates Article 44 to the aforementioned works that have already been published at
the effective date hereof.  It provides that its prov isions be valid thereto including the rules relating to
the calculation of the period of protection.  Concerning the conventions related thereto, this article
confirms in its last two paragraphs that the law's provisions shall apply to the works completed after
the effective date thereof excluding those concluded before the effective date thereof to which suchprovisions shall not apply and they shall remain subject to the rules valid before that date.
Article 45 provides that the Minister of Information is authorized to delegate necessary
employees for the execution of this law's provisions and give them  the right to enter places dealing
with the works subject to the provisions hereof and note down the violation and the respectiveminutes.
Article 46 provides that the public prosecution is concerned with the investigation, disposal
and litigation of all crimes resulting from the application of the provisions of this decree law.
Article 47 provides that any provision contrary to the provisions of this law is hereby
cancelled.
Article 48 provides that the Minister of inform ation shall issue the necessary decrees for the
execution of this decree law.  It also permits him to issue a decree for imposing fees against the works
carried out by the concerned bodies for protection of the author's rights stipulated herein.
Concerning violations when a judgement may be issued for shutting down a firm the article
permits the public prosecution or the court to permit the opening until the case is decided.
Article 49 provides that the ministers, each within his area of concern, shall execute the
provisions hereof and that this law shall come into effect as of the date of publication hereof in theOfficial Gazette and presentation to the National Assembly.
Whereas the interest of the State of Kuwait necessitates accelerating the issue of a legislation
dealing with the protection of the intellectual property rights, in such a way that any delay must be
avoided, and due to the fact that this subject requires quick completion, so the law should be givenexpedite character.
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