WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONS/DCS/W/LIE
24 January 2003
(03-0530)
Trade in Services Original:  English
LIECHTENSTEIN
Draft converted Schedule of Specific Commitments1
Attached is a draft converted version of the Schedule of Specific Commitments of
Liechtenstein in word format.  This document  does not substitute for the legally binding commitments
undertaken by Liechtenstein in its Schedule of Specific Commitments (GATS/SC/83-A).
Attached to the draft converted schedule is Liechtenstein's Article II (MFN) Exemption List
in word format.
The draft converted version of the Schedule was prepared by the Secretariat, at the request of
Members, to facilitate the process of negotiations, including the presentation of initial offers.
______________
                                                     
1 This document has been prepared, in English only, under the Secretariat's own responsibility and without
prejudice to the positions of Members and to their rights and obligations under the WTO.S/DCS/W/LIE
Page 2LIECHTENSTEIN – SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS2
ALL SECTORS INCLUDED
IN THIS SCHEDULE
The level of commitments in a particular sector shall not be construed to supersede the level of commitments taken with respect  to any other services sector to which such
service is an input or to which it is otherwise related.  CPC numbers indicated in square brackets are references to the UN Pro visional Central Product Classification
(Statistical Papers Series M No. 77, Provisional Central Product Classification, Department of International Economics and Soci al Affairs, Statistical Office of the United
Nations, New York, 1991).
1) None 1) Unbound for subsidies, tax incentives and tax
credits
Once the EEA Agreement has entered intoforce for the Principality of Liechtenstein,treatment accorded to subsidiaries of thirdcountry companies formed in accordance withthe law of an EEA Member State and havingregistered office, central administration or
principal place of business within an EEA
Member State is not extended to branches oragencies established in an EEA Member State
by a third-country company
Treatment less favourable may be accorded tosubsidiaries of third countries having only their
registered office in the territory of an EEAMember State unless they show that theypossess an effective and continuous link withthe economy of one of the EEA Member
States
2) None 2) Unbound for subsidies, tax incentives and tax
credits
                                                     
2Liechtenstein makes reference to the specific geographic situation of the country, to its limited resources and to the small la bour market.  Therefore, Liechtenstein is in a
position to bind its services sector only with the reservations mentioned in Part I and Part II.S/DCS/W/LIE
Page 3Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
3) The establishment of a commercial presence
by a juridical person (including branches) issubject to the requirement that no objectionfor reasons of national economy (balanced
proportion of national and foreign capital;
balanced ratio of foreigners in comparisonwith the number of resident population;balanced ratio of total number of jobs in theeconomy in comparison with the number of
the resident population; balanced geographic
situation; balanced development of thenational economy, between and within the
sectors) exists3) The establishment of a commercial presence
by an individual is subject to the requirementof prior residence during a certain period oftime and of permanent domicile in
Liechtenstein. He/she must possess sector
specific government-recognized professionalqualifications
The establishment of a commercial presence
by a juridical person (including branches) is
subject to the following requirements: At leastone of the managers has to fulfil therequirements of prior residence during acertain period of time and of permanent
domicile in
Liechtenstein. He must possess sector specific
government-recognized professional
qualifications. The majority of the
administrators (authorized to manage andrepresent the juridical person) must be residentin Liechtenstein and have either to beLiechtenstein citizens or have prior residence
during a certain period of time in
Liechtenstein. The general and the limitedpartnership have to fulfil the same conditionsas corporations with limited liability (juridicalperson). In addition the majority of theassociates have to be Liechtenstein citizens or
to have prior residence during a certain period
of time in Liechtenstein.
The Liechtenstein company law does notprohibit joint stock companies from foreseeingin their articles of incorporation the preclusion
or limitation of the transfer of registered sharesS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 4Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
Once the EEA Agreement has entered into
force for the Principality of Liechtenstein,treatment accorded to subsidiaries of third-country companies formed in accordance with
the law of an EEA Member State and having
registered office, central administration orprincipal place of business within an EEAMember State is not extended to branches oragencies established in an EEA Member State
by a third-country company
Treatment less favourable may be accorded tosubsidiaries of third countries having only their
registered office in the territory of an EEAMember State unless they show that theypossess an effective and continuous link withthe economy of one of the EEA Member
States
All acquisitions of real estate are subject to
authorization. Such authorization is grantedonly if an actual and proven requirement forliving or business purposes is given and acertain period of residence has been
completed. Non-residents are excluded from
the acquisition of real estate.
4) Unbound, except for measures concerning the
entry and temporary stay of natural persons(hereafter persons) falling within the
categories, as defined in paragraph I below,
and subject to the following limitations andconditions and to the limitations andconditions on national treatment set out underthe national treatment column: Entry and stayof foreign services suppliers in Liechtenstein
is subject to authorization (requirement of
residency permit and work permit).4) Unbound except for measures concerning the
categories of natural persons referred to in themarket access column and subject to the
following limitations and conditions: working
conditions prevailing in the branch and theplace of activity provided by law and/orcollective agreement (with respect toremuneration, working hours, etc.), measureslimiting professional mobility, regulations
related to statutory systems of social security
and public retirement plans (with respect to.S/DCS/W/LIE
Page 5Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
Authorization is granted subject to measures fixingoverall numbers of work permits allocated. For
essential personnel as defined in paragraph I below,the period of stay is limited to a period of threeyears. Persons staying in or entering Liechtensteinwith an open-ended or prolongable residence permitbased on an employment contract not limited in
time for Liechtenstein are not considered as persons
residing in or entering Liechtenstein for the purposeof temporary stay or temporary employment inLiechtenstein.qualifying period, residency requirement, etc.) and
all other provisions of the legislation relating to
immigration, entry, stay and work. The enterpriseemploying such persons shall cooperate, uponrequest, with the authorities in charge of theenforcement of these measures
I. Essential persons transferred to
Liechtenstein within a specific business or
company (intra-corporate transferees)
Are considered as essential those persons -
defined in detail below - who are employees
of a business or company (hereafter
enterprise) providing services in Liechtensteinthrough a branch or subsidiary established inLiechtenstein and who have been beforehandemployees of their enterprise outside
Liechtenstein for a period of not less than one
year immediately preceding their applicationfor admission:
a)Executives and senior managers : persons
who primarily direct the enterprise or one
of its departments and who receive only
general supervision or direction from
high-level executives, the board ofdirectors or the stockholders of the
enterprise
Executives and senior managers would not
directly perform tasks related to the
actual provision of services of the
enterpriseS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 6Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
b)Specialists : highly qualified persons who,
within an enterprise, are essential for the
provision of a specific service by reasonof their knowledge at an advanced level
of expertise in the field of services,
research equipment, techniques ormanagement of the enterprise
II. SECTOR-SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
1. BUSINESS SERVICES
A. Professional Services
a) Legal Service- Consultancy on home
country law andinternational law (exceptfor consulting on
Liechtenstein law)
(part of CPC 861)1) None
2) None
3) Unbound
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) Unbound
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 7Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
b) Accounting, auditing and
bookkeeping services
- Accounting and auditing
services
(CPC 8621)1) None
2) None
3) Foreign equity ceiling of 49 per cent.  Foreign
voting rights may not exceed 49 per cent.  At
least one member of the administration body
authorized to manage and represent must be aLiechtenstein citizen domiciled inLiechtenstein, be in possession of theprofessional licence to act as an auditor andmust work full-time for the juridical person.
The majority of the members of the
administrative body must be in possession ofthe professional licence to act as an auditor.
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) Unbound
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
- Bookkeeping services,
except tax returns
(CPC 8622)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 8Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
c) Taxation services
(CPC 863)1) None
2) None
3) Foreign equity ceiling of 49 per cent. Foreign
voting rights may not exceed 49 per cent. Atleast one member of the administrative bodyauthorized to manage and represent must be aLiechtenstein citizen domiciled in
Liechtenstein, be in possession of the
professional licence to act as an auditor ortrustee and must work full-time for thejuridical person.
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) Unbound
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
d) Architectural services
(CPC 8671)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
e) Engineering services
(CPC 8672)1) None
2) None1) Liechtenstein nationality necessary for survey
activities for official public purposes(however, foreign surveyors can work underthe responsibility of a licensed Liechtenstein
surveyor)
2) NoneS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 9Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
3) None 3) Liechtenstein nationality necessary for survey
activities for official public purposes(however, foreign surveyors can work underthe responsibility of a licensed Liechtenstein
surveyor)
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;
Liechtenstein nationality necessary for surveyactivities for official public purposes
(however, foreign surveyors can work under
the responsibility of a licensed Liechtensteinsurveyor)
f) Integrated engineering
services(CPC 8673)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
g) Urban planning and
landscape architecturalservices
(CPC 8674)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
B. Computer and Related
Services
(CPC 841 - CPC 845, CPC
8491)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 10Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
C. Research and
Development Services
-R & D  s e r v i c e s  o n  n a t u r a l
sciences, excluding
projects financed in wholeor in part by public funds
(part of CPC 851)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
- R&D services on social
sciences, excluding
projects financed in wholeor in part by public funds
(part of CPC 852)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
- Interdisciplinary R&D
sciences, excludingprojects financed in wholeor in part by public funds
(part of CPC 853)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
E. Rental/Leasing Services
without Operators
c) Relating to other transport
equipment
(CPC 83101 +  CPC 83102+ CPC 83105)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 11Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
d) Relating to other
machinery and equipment
(CPC 83106 - CPC 83109)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
F. Other Business Services
a) Advertising services-A d v e r t i s i n g  s e r v i c e s
(including direct mail
advertising), excluding
outdoor advertising andexcluding advertising forgoods subject to importauthorization and
excluding pharmaceutical
products, alcohol, tobacco,toxics, explosives,weapons and ammunition(part of CPC 8711 + part
of CPC 8712)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
b) Market research and public
opinion polling services
(CPC 864)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 12Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
c) Management consulting
services
(CPC 865)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
d) Services related to
management consulting
(CPC 866)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
e) Technical testing and
analysis services
(CPC 8676)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
f) Services incidental to
agriculture, hunting and
forestry
- Consulting services on
agriculture, hunting andforestry
(part of CPC 881)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 13Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
g) Services incidental to
fishing
- Consulting services
relating to fishing
(part of CPC 882)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
h) Services incidental to
mining
- Services incidental to
mining, excludingprospection, surveying,exploration and
exploitation (part of CPC
883 + part of CPC 5115)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
i) Services incidental to
manufacturing
- Consulting services
relating to manufacturing(part of CPC 884 + part of
CPC 885)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 14Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
m) Related scientific and
technical consultingservices
- Related scientific and
technical consulting,excluding prospection,surveying, exploration andexploitation
(part of CPC 8675)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
n) Maintenance and repair of
equipment (not including
maritime vessels, aircraftor other transportequipment)(CPC 633 +
CPC 8861-CPC 8866)1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;
commercial presence in Liechtenstein
required for subsector CPC 6331) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required
for subsector CPC 633
o) Building-cleaning services
- Building-cleaning services
(CPC 874 except
CPC 87409)1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;
commercial presence in Liechtensteinrequired for subsector CPC 6331) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;
commercial presence in Liechtenstein requiredfor subsector CPC 633
p) Photographic services
(CPC 875)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 15Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
q) Packaging services
(CPC 876)1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;
commercial presence in Liechtenstein
required for subsector CPC 6331) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required
for subsector CPC 633
r) Printing, publishing (CPC
88442)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
2. COMMUNICATION
SERVICES
A. Enhanced/value-added
telecommunication
services
General condition applicable to all telecommunication sectors:  national monopoly on network infrastructure, services have to b e provided over the public network or over
leased lines;  wireless networks subject to licensing;  pricing of leased lines not volume-sensitive, connection with the publi c network possible.
Electronic mail
(part of CPC 7523)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 16Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
Voice mail(part of CPC 7523)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
On-line information and
data base retrieval
(part of CPC 7523)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
Electronic data interchange
(EDI)
(part of CPC 7523)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
Enhanced/value-added
facsimile services
(part of CPC 7523)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
Code and protocol
conversion1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 17Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
On-line information and/or
data processing
(part of CPC 843)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
Videotext 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
Enhanced/value-added
services based on licensedwireless networks
including enhanced/value-
added paging services,except for voice
transmission1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
4. DISTRIBUTION
SERVICES
A. Commission agents'
services
- Commission agents'
services, excluding
services related to goods
subject to importauthorization, topharmaceutical products,toxics, explosives,weapons and ammunition,
and precious metals
(part of CPC 6211)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 18Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
B. Wholesale trade services
- Wholesale trade services,
excluding services related
to goods subject to import
authorization, topharmaceutical products,toxics, explosives,weapons and ammunition,
and precious metals
(part of CPC 622)1) None
2) None
3) Restrictions on sales area
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
C. Retailing services
- Retailing services,
excluding services relatedto goods subject to importauthorization, to
pharmaceutical products,
toxics, explosives,weapons and ammunition,and precious metals; notcovered is retailing
through mobile sales unit
(part of CPC 631 + part ofCPC 632 + part of CPC6111 + part of CPC 6113 +
part of CPC 6121)1) None
2) None
3) Restrictions on sales area
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;
commercial presence in Liechtenstein
required1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required
D. Franchising
(CPC 8929)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 19Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
5. EDUCATIONAL
SERVICES
Private Educational
Services:
- Compulsory
education services(primary & secondary I)1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) Foreigners may establish commercial
presence only when organized as juridical
persons according to Liechtenstein law
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
- Non-compulsory
secondary education
services (secondary II)1) None
2) None
3) Foreigners may establish commercial
presence only when organized as juridicalpersons according to Liechtenstein law
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
- Higher education services
(CPC 923)1) None
2) None
3) Foreigners may establish commercial
presence only when organized as juridicalpersons according to Liechtenstein law
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 20Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
- Adult education services
(CPC 924)1) None
2) None
3) Foreigners may establish commercial
presence only when organized as juridicalpersons according to Liechtenstein law
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
6. ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES3
A. Sewage services
(CPC 9401)1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
B. Refuse disposal services
(CPC 9402)1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None;  unbound for garbage dump
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;
commercial presence in Liechtenstein
required1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required
                                                     
3Nothing in this commitment should be construed to include public work function whether owned and operated by municipalities or Liechtenstein government or contracted
out by them.S/DCS/W/LIE
Page 21Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
C. Sanitation and similar
services
(CPC 9403)1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;
commercial presence in Liechtenstein
required1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required
D. Other environmental
services
(CPC 9404 + CPC 9405 +
CPC 9406 + part of CPC
9409)1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
7. FINANCIAL SERVICESCommitments on banking, securities and insurance services in accordance with the 'Understanding on Commitments in Financial Ser vices'
(hereafter 'Understanding') and subject to limitations and conditions as contained in Part I (horizontal commitments) and as li sted below. It is
understood that paragraph B.4 of the 'Understanding' does not impose any obligation to allow non-resident financial services su ppliers to solicit business.
Insurance and insurance
related services1) Establishment of a commercial presence is
required for the provision of insuranceservices in Liechtenstein. Residents may notpurchase insurance services in the territory of
another Party.1) Establishment of a commercial presence is
required for the provision of insurance servicesin Liechtenstein. Residents may not purchaseinsurance services in the territory of another
Party.
2) Establishment of a commercial presence is
required for the provision of insuranceservices in Liechtenstein. Residents may notpurchase insurance services in the territory ofanother Party.2) Establishment of a commercial presence is
required for the provision of insurance servicesin Liechtenstein. Residents may not purchaseinsurance services in the territory of another
Party.S/DCS/W/LIE
Page 22Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
3) Permit for establishment of insurance
companies from countries other thanLiechtenstein is granted only to companieswhich are supervised by the Swiss insurance
supervision authority;
To be recognized for participation in the basichealth insurance scheme, health insurancesuppliers must be organized in the form ofmutual associations (Genossenschaft, Verein:
Versicherungsverein auf Gegenseitigkeit or
Hilfskasse) or foundations (Stiftung);Duty of security for insurance services;Economic need test for accident insuranceservices;Commercial presence does not cover the
setting up of representative offices3) Domestic legal entities and the branch or
agency establishment of foreign legal entitieswhose managing or representing bodies, suchas the board of directors and the
administration, are comprised in the main of
foreigners or foreign firms, shall appoint inLiechtenstein a Liechtenstein citizen who ispermanently resident here either to representthe legal entity towards the authorities as a
legal representative or, empowered as an
authorized signatory (procurist), to exercise therepresentation, without the cooperation ofothers. Before setting up a commercialpresence to provide specific classes ofinsurance services, a foreign insurer must have
been authorised to operate in the same classes
of insurance in its country of origin for at leastthree years
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
Banking and other
financial services
(excluding insurance)14) Participation in settlement and clearing
networks is subject to a commercial presence
in Liechtenstein1) Subvention for house building is only granted
to Liechtenstein citizen, which have to take out
the loan for the house building at a domestic
bank
According to the practice in Liechtenstein,mutual funds (collective investments) have tobe marketed through banks having a
commercial presence in Liechtenstein
Swiss franc denominated issues can be lead
managed only by a bank having a commercialpresence (registered office or branch office) in
Liechtenstein
                                                     
4Are covered not only transactions indicated in paragraph B.3 of the 'Understanding' but the whole range of banking and other fi nancial services transactions
(excluding insurance).S/DCS/W/LIE
Page 23Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
2) Swiss franc denominated issues can be lead
managed only by a bank having a commercialpresence (registered office or branch office) in
Liechtenstein2) Subvention for house building is only granted
to Liechtenstein citizen, which have to take outthe loan for the house building at a domestic
bank
3) Licence granted to banks and financial
companies according to Liechtenstein
Banking and Financial Companies Act has tobe approved by the Liechtenstein parliament3) One member of the board of directors and the
administrators must have domicile in
Liechtenstein. They must be duly authorized tofully represent their company.
Banks and financial companies must be
organized in the form of a limited company
Financial institutions other than banks andfinancial companies according to the
Liechtenstein Banking and Companies Act aresubject to the following licensingrequirements: foreign equity ceiling of 49 percent; foreign voting rights may not exceed 49per cent; at least one member of the
administrative body authorized to manage and
represent must be a Liechtenstein citizendomiciled in Liechtenstein, be in possessionof the professional licence to act as an auditoror trustee and must work full-time for the
juridical person
Commercial presence of foreign financial
institutions is subject to licensingrequirements relating to the name of firm,duties toward the Swiss national bank andregulations on financial institutions in the
country of origin
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 24Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
9. TOURISM AND
TRAVEL RELATEDSERVICES
A. Hotels and restaurants
(incl. catering)
(CPC 641-CPC 643)1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility,
except unbound for catering (CPC 6423)
2) None
3) Licence only granted if need for restaurants
exists (assessment of economic needs is basedon criteria such as population, degree ofbuilt-up area, type of neighbourhood,touristical interests, number of existingrestaurants)
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility,
except unbound for catering(CPC 6423)
2) None
3) Passing an examination may be required
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
B. Travel agencies and tour
operators services
(CPC 7471)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
C. Tourist guides services
(CPC 7472)1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 25Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
10. RECREATIONAL,
CULTURAL ANDSPORTING SERVICES(other than audiovisual
services)
B. News agency services
(CPC 962)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
D. Sporting and other
recreational services
- Sporting services
(CPC 9641)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES
F. Road transport services
a) Passenger transportation- regular, 'closed-door' tours
only
(part of CPC 7121)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 26Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
- occasional, excluding
empty entrance, cabotageand taxi services
(part of CPC 7122)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
c) Rental of commercial
vehicles with operator
(CPC 7124)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
d) Maintenance and repair of
road transport equipment
(CPC 6112 + CPC 8867)1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
H. Services auxiliary to all
modes of transport
a) Cargo-handling services
(CPC 741)1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part IS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 27Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
b) Storage and warehouse
services
(CPC 742)1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
c), d) Freight transport agency
services, including otherauxiliary transport
services, excluding local
pick up and delivery(CPC 748 + part of
CPC 749)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
_______________S/DCS/W/LIE
Page 28LIECHTENSTEIN - FINAL LIST OF ARTICLE II (MFN) EXEMPTIONS
Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating its
inconsistency with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended duration Conditions  creating the need for
the exemption
Distribution services To grant work permits, without certain
limitations, to employees of establishmentsof enterprises of member countries of theConvention establishing the European Free
Trade Association (EFTA), the
establishment's activity being commerce ingoodsMembers of EFTA Indefinite Flanking measure to the provision on
free trade in goods under the EFTA
Agreement
Audiovisual services To confer national treatment to audiovisual
works covered by bi- or plurilateralagreements on co-production in the filed ofaudiovisual works, in particular in relation
to access to funding and to distributionAll countries with whom
cultural co-operation may be
desirableIndefinite Promotion of common cultural
objectives
Measures granting the benefit of support
programmes, such as MEDIA andEURIMAGES, and measures relating to theallocation of screentime which implementarrangements such as the Council of Europe
Convention on Transfrontier Television and
confer national treatment, to audiovisualworks and/or to suppliers of audiovisualservices meeting specific European origin
criteriaEuropean countries Indefinite Promotion of cultural objectives
based on long standing cultural links
Concessions for the operation of radio ortelevision broadcast stations may be grantedto persons of countries other than
LiechtensteinAll countries with whom
cultural co-operation may be
desirableIndefinite Promotion of common cultural
objectives, and to regulate access to amarket limited in scale in order to
preserve diversity of supply
Construction andrelated EngineeringThe right of commercial presence and the
right of presence of natural persons is
dependent on reciprocity for serviceproviders from LiechtensteinAll countries Indefinite To ensure adequate market access to
services providers from
LiechtensteinS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 29Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating its
inconsistency with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended duration Conditions  creating the need for
the exemption
Insurance services To grant permit for establishment to
insurance companies from countries otherthan Liechtenstein only to companies whichare supervised by the Swiss insurance
supervision authorityAll countries Indefinite Measure to ensure supervision of
foreign insurance companies
Banking and other
financial services
(excludinginsurance)To allow persons established in
Switzerland, without requiring a
commercial presence in Liechtenstein, toparticipate in settlement and clearingnetworks and to lead-manage Swiss franc
denominated issuesSwitzerland Indefinite Measures ensuing from the monetary
union between Liechtenstein and
Switzerland
CRS and sales andmarketing of airtransport servicesMeasures based on Article 7 of the revised
Code of Conduct of the  European CivilAviation Conference (ECAC), whereby theobligations of CRS system vendors orparent and participating air carriers shall notapply where equivalent treatment to that
applied under the revised Code of Conduct
is not accorded in the country of origin ofthe parent carrier of the system vendorAll countries where a CRS
system vendor or a parent aircarrier is locatedIndefinite The need for the exemption results
from the insufficient development ofmultilaterally agreed rules for the
operation of CRS
Road transport
services (passenger
and freight)To allow, on the basis of mutual access to
the market, transport services by vehicles
registered in countries other than
Liechtenstein to undertake transportation ofgoods and/or passengers in, into, out of, orin transit through Liechtenstein territory,
normally based on bilateral agreementsAll countries with whom
bilateral agreements on road
transport or other
arrangements relating to roadtransport exist or may bedesirable (at present approx.
30 countries)Exemption needed until
multilateral liberalization of
road transport services,
taking into account regionalspecificity and environmentaleffects of road transport, will
have been agreed uponTo take into account regional
specificity of the provision of road
transport services and to protect the
integrity of road infrastructure and
environmentS/DCS/W/LIE
Page 30Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating its
inconsistency with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended duration Conditions  creating the need for
the exemption
All sectors To mutually grant permits of temporary stay
and permanent residency in the territory ofthe parties, without certain limitations, tocitizens of the parties of the agreements ontemporary stay and permanent residency
between Liechtenstein and SwitzerlandSwitzerland Indefinite Flanking measure to customs,
monetary- and postal union betweenthe Principality of Liechtenstein and
Switzerland
Preferential treatment accorded to nationals
of countries other than Liechtenstein,
belonging to traditional recruiting areasaccording to Liechtenstein legislation onimmigration, when granting permits forentry, stay and work in Liechtenstein(year round resident, short time resident,
seasonal worker) to natural persons
providing services other than essentialpersons as defined in the Liechtensteinschedule of specific commitments on tradein services (Part I:  horizontal
commitments)EC and EFTA countries Indefinite To regulate immigration into
Liechtenstein by measures based on
long standing links with traditionalrecruiting areas
According to the Liechtenstein legislationthe right of presence of natural persons inall sectors is dependent on reciprocity for
services providers from LiechtensteinAll countries Indefinite To ensure adequate market access to
services providers fromLiechtenstein
__________