WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION  
ORGANISATION MONDIALE DU COMMERCE  
ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DEL COMERCIO  WT/CTE/W/119 
25 June 1999 
 (99-2642) 
Committee on Trade and Environment Original:   English/ 
 anglais/  inglés 
 
 
COMMUNICATION FROM THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN 
ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES)  
 
Communication from the CITES Secretariat
 
 
 
 The attached background note1 has been received from the Se cretariat of the Convention on 
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna  and Flora (CITES).  It is being circulated to 
Members of the CTE in preparation for the Committee Meeting on Trade and Environment to be held 
on 29-30 June 1999. 
 
 
Comité du commerce et de l'environnement 
 
 
COMMUNICATION DE LA CONVENTION SUR LE COMMERCE  
INTERNATIONAL DES ESPÈCES SAUVAGES DE FLORE  
ET DE FAUNE MENACÉES D'EXTINCTION (CITES) 
 
Communication du Secrétariat de la CITES  
 
 
 Le Secrétariat de la Convention sur le comme rce international des esp èces sauvages de flore 
et de faune menacées d'extinction (CITES) a fait parvenir au Secrétariat la note d'information1 
ci-après.  Cette note est distribuée aux membres du Comité du commerce et de l'environnement en vue 
de la réunion du Comité qui aura lieu les 29 et 30 juin 1999.  
 
Comité de Comercio y Medio Ambiente  
 
COMUNICACIÓN DE LA CONVENCIÓN SOBRE EL COMERCIO 
INTERNACIONAL DE ESPECIES AMENAZADAS DE FAUNA 
Y FLORA SILVESTRES (CITES) 
 
Comunicación de la Secretaría de la CITES
 
 
 
 Se ha recibido de la Secretaría de la Conve nción sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies 
Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestres (CITES) la nota documental1 adjunta, que se distribuye a los 
miembros del CCMA en previsión de  la reunión del Comité de Comerc io y Medio Ambiente prevista 
para los días 29 y 30 de junio de 1999.  
                                                           
1 English only/En anglais seulement/En inglés solamente. WT/CTE/W/119 
Page 2  
 
BACKGROUND NOTE ON CITES AND WTO 
 
I. THE AIM OF CITES 
1. The aim of the Convention on International Tr ade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and 
Flora (CITES) is to ensure that international trad e in wild animals and plants does not threaten the 
survival of species. It therefore ob liges Parties to ensure that the ha rvesting of species for international 
trade is not detrimental to their surv ival, i.e. to ensure that such trad e is sustainable. For international 
trade to be sustainable it is important that there be  no illegal trade.  CITES Parties have agreed to co-
operate to combat such illegal trade. 
II. THE TOOLS OF CITES 
2. CITES achieves its aims by providing a framewo rk for international co-operation in the 
control of trade in live animals and plants and prod ucts of the species listed in its three Appendices.  
3. These appendices concern some 4,000 animal species and over 30,000 plants species. 
4. The basic tools for allowing the Convention’s tr ade conditions and criteria to be implemented 
and enforced are CITES import, export and re-export documents (permits and certificates). They can 
only be issued under strict scientific conditions (d epending on the category of threat to a particular 
species) and species in the Convention’s Appendix I can in principal not be traded for primarily 
commercial purposes. 
5. No trade in any specimen of CITES-listed species should take place without CITES 
documents or under an agreed exception from that requirement.  
III. CITES MEMBERSHIP 
6. CITES is a truly global convention with 145 Parties in 6 Regions (see annex 1). 
7. ‘Key players’ that are not yet a party to CITES include some of the former CIS Republics, the 
Lao PDR and a number of SIDS in Oceania. CITES’ Article X requires non-Parties to issue 
documentation that is comparable to CITES permit s and certificates. A Resolution adopted by the 
CITES Conference of the Parties further requires non- Parties to inform the CITES Secretariat of an 
authority that was designated for that purpose. A list of non-Parties that have done so is attached as 
annex 2. 
8. The reasons for non-Parties not to have joined the Convention (yet) vary from purely practical 
(e.g. the absence of international wildlife trade) to technical (lack of means to implement the scientific 
requirements of the Convention) and political. 
IV. CITES TRADE MEASURES 
9. The basic trade measure that CITES needs for it to  function, i.e. the prescribed exchange of 
import, export and re-export doc uments between importing and exporting countries, was already 
mentioned as a CITES tool above. In addition, ther e are two types of economic instruments available 
to CITES, each of which is intended to contribute to the sustainable use of internationally traded 
wildlife:   
• ‘Trade Facilitating Measures ’ that provide direct economic incentives to the Parties 
to support the sustainable use of their wildlife resources.   
  WT/CTE/W/119 
 Page 3 
 
 
• ‘Specific Trade Measures ’ that are imposed by the Conference of the Parties (COP) 
or by the Convention’s Standing Committee a nd designed to restrict trade in listed 
species to and from states that have been  unwilling to implement the provisions of the 
Convention.  
 
Specific examples of each of these economic instruments include: 
 A. T
RADE FACILITATING MEASURES OR POSITIVE TRADE MEASURES : 
 
− Article IV (which regulates trade in Appendix II species through the ‘non-detriment 
requirement’) is intended to ensure that use of wildlife resources is sustainable in the 
long term, thus also providing long-term economic benefits. 
 
− Resolution Conf. 10.1 authorizes the CITES Secretariat to give funding priority to 
capacity building (especially for new Parties), legislation for CITES implementation and additional support for studies of species traded at significant levels. 
 
− Decision 10.2 provides for a one-off purchase of government ivory stocks, declared 
by the African elephant range States, and directs that the proceeds received will be 
used to enhance conservation, monitori ng, capacity building and local community-
based programs. 
 
− Ranching Decisions: In certain instances, the COP has approved the transfer of 
Appendix I populations to Appendix II for th e purpose of ranching (the taking of 
eggs/young from the wild that are reared in captivity and then partly returned to the 
wild and partly commercialized). Unde r the ranching protocol, specimens that 
otherwise could not be traded are allowe d to be utilized fo r commercial purposes, 
which benefits conservation at the same time. 
 
− A number of populations that were previous ly in Appendix I were transferred to 
Appendix II with a quota established by the COP.  This allowed the resumption of 
commercial international trade in a number of species whilst ensuring that the levels 
traded did not lead to overexploitation of these species.  
 B. S
PECIFIC TRADE MEASURES OR NEGATIVE TRADE MEASURES : 
10. COP Decisions related to non-compliance: 
− In the context of a Resolution concerni ng Parties whose national legislation is 
considered inadequate to implement th e Convention, the Standing Committee can 
advise all Parties to refuse any import of CITES specimens from and export and re-
export to a number of countries. 
− An ad hoc decision of this kind was Resolution Conf. 5.2 (1985). It recommended 
that Parties refuse to accept shipments of CITES specimens from Bolivia until that 
country had demonstrated to the COP or to the Standing Committee, that it had adopted all possible measures to adequate ly implement the Convention.  This 
requirement was met in 1987, and the trade measure was subsequently lifted. 
 11. Standing Committee Decisions related to non-compliance: 
− Recommendations have been made to susp end all international trade in CITES 
specimens with specific count ries.  To date CITES trade with Thailand (22.4.91 to WT/CTE/W/119 
Page 4  
 
2.4.92), Italy (started 30.6.92, suspended 19.2.93, withdrawn 18.4.95) and more recently with Greece (1.9.98 to 12 .3.99) has been suspended.  
 
− Resolution Conf. 8.9 requires significant trade studies to be done for a range of 
Appendix II species and as a consequence the Standing Committee has moved to 
recommend suspension of trade in specifi c species from specific countries (e.g.  Ptyas 
mucosus  from Indonesia).  Currently, the recommended suspensions of trade relate to 
a total of 68 species from 13 countries. It is hoped that with the provision of an increased level of scientific and technical assistance to the Parties concerned, trade 
can resume at sustainable levels in the near future. 
 V. ACCESSION INCENTIVES 
12. For countries with a keen interest in wildlife trade, the mere effects of actual or potential 
CITES involvement on such trade forms an incentive in its own right.  
13. It is certainly also true to say that to be a CITES party facilitates trade in CITES-covered 
products. The provisions applicable to non-Parties (they have to issue comparable documentation) 
further reduce the difference in necessary effo rts between parties and non-parties.   
14. The Convention’s fundamental principle that inte rnational co-operation is required (not only 
for trade controls, but also for scientific and techni cal information exchange and capacity building) to 
help preserve the natural heritage for future ge nerations is of course a less selfish incentive to 
participate. For a producer country to combat illegal international trade without the help of consumer 
countries is an impossible task. For consumer count ries to influence the pressure of their demand on 
foreign wildlife population is an equally impossibl e task without the help of producer countries. 
Therefore, for countries that attach a high leve l of importance to nature conservation, CITES 
membership is a must. 
15. The funding of programs and projects relate d to CITES implementation is based on both 
obligatory and voluntary contributions. Specifically for the last type of contribution, the NGO 
community plays an important role. 
VI. THE PRECAUTIONARY PR INCIPLE AND CITES 
16. The implementation of the Convention is a c onstant attempt to find the proper balance 
between the precautionary principle and the sustaina ble use principle. Both principles are of equal 
importance and equally difficult to apply because of the lack of scientific and technical knowledge in 
many areas of wildlife conservation and management.  
17. The Convention’s history has seen different levels of priority and clear preferences for one or 
the other of the two principles and not always in a consistent way.  
18. It is clear that in view of the lack of data on the effects of trade for a great many species, the 
strict implementation of the precautionary principle would make a large proportion of wildlife trade 
impossible. It should, however, be used wherever there is a risk of irreparable damage to wildlife 
populations. 
19. One area where the precautionary principle can a nd should be used as much as possible is in 
the removal of species from the CITES Appendices.  WT/CTE/W/119 
 Page 5 
 
 
VII. TRIPS 
20. CITES also regulates trade in captive-bred anim als and artificially propagated plants. Many 
animals species (particularly birds and reptiles) are bred in captivit y in large numbers outside their 
countries of natural distribution. Certain plant sp ecies (cacti, orchids) ar e grown by the millions 
outside their countries of origin. 
21. CITES is, however, not directly involve d in ownership or property rights. 
VIII.  DISPUTE  SETTLEMENT 
22. In its 26 year history, CITES has not had to employ its dispute settlement mechanism to 
arbitrate issues of dispute between its signatory Parties. WT/CTE/W/119 
Page 6  
 
 
ANNEX I 
  
LIST OF PARTIES / LISTA DE LAS PARTES / LISTE DES PARTIES 
 
(in alphabetical order/en orden alfabéti co/par ordre alphabétique)  
 
(December/Diciembre/Décembre 1998) 
 
 
 
 O Order of entry into force/Orden por fech a de entrada en vigor/Ordre d'entrée en 
vigueur 
 
 ISO Two-letter ISO country code/Dos  letras del código ISO del país/ 
  Code ISO à deux lettres du pays   R CITES Region/Región de la CITES/Région de la CITES 
  –  1 = Africa/Afrique   –  2 = Asia/Asie 
  –  3 = Central and South America and th e Caribbean/América Central, del Sur y el 
Caribe/Amérique centrale et du Sud et Caraïbes 
  –  4 = Europe/Europa   –  5 = North America/América del Norte/Amérique du Nord   –  6 = Oceania/Oceanía/Océanie 
 
 Date/Fecha 1  –  (R) Ratification/Ratificación 
  –  (A) Accession/Adhesión/Adhésion   –  (Ap) Approval/Aprobación/Approbation   –  (Ac) Acceptance/Aceptación/Acceptation   –  (Ds) Declaration of succession/Declaración de sucesión/Déclaration de succession 
 
 Date/Fecha 2  Date of entry into force/Fecha de en trada en vigor/Date d'entrée en vigueur 
 
Table I 
O State/Estado/Etat ISO R Date/Fecha 1 Date/Fecha 2 
88 Afghanistan/Afganistán AF 2 30/10/85 (A) 28/01/86 
81 Algeria/Argelia/Algérie  DZ 1 23/11/83 (A) 21/02/84 
141 Antigua and Barbuda /Antigua y Barbuda/ 
Antigua-et-Barbuda AG 3 08/07/97 (A) 06/10/97 
64 Argentina/Argentine AR 3 08/01/81 (R) 08/04/81 
28 Australia/Australie AU 6 29/07/76 (R) 27/10/76 
74 Austria/Autriche AT 4 27/01/82 (A) 27/04/82 
145 Azerbaijan/Azerbaiyán/Azerbaï djan AZ  4 23/11/98 (A) 21/02/99 
50 Bahamas BS 3 20/06/79 (A) 18/09/79 
73 Bangladesh BD 2 20/11/81 (R) 18/02/82 
119 Barbados/Barbade BB 3 09/12/92 (A) 09/03/93 
130 Belarus/Belarús/Bélaru s BY 4 10/08/95 (A) 08/11/95 
80 Belgium/Bélgica/Belgique  BE 4 03/10/83 (R) 01/01/84 
69 Belize/Belice BZ 3 19/08/86 (Ds) 21/09/81 
Table I (cont'd) WT/CTE/W/119 
 Page 7 
 
 
O State/Estado/Etat ISO R Date/Fecha 1 Date/Fecha 2 
84 Benin/Bénin BJ 1 28/02/84 (A) 28/05/84 
51 Bolivia/Bolivie BO 3 06/07/79 (R) 04/10/79 
40 Botswana BW 1 14/11/77 (A) 12/02/78 
16 Brazil/Brasil/Brésil BR 3 06/08/75 (R) 04/11/75 
106 Brunei Darussalam/Brunéi Daru ssalam BN 2 04/05/90 (A) 02/08/90 
109 Bulgaria/Bulgarie BG 4 16/01/91 (A) 16/04/91 
102 Burkina Faso BF 1 13/10/89 (A) 11/01/90 
94 Burundi BI 1 08/08/88 (A) 06/11/88 
140 Cambodia/Camboya/Cambodge KH 2 04/07/97 (R) 02/10/97 
68 Cameroon/Camerún/Cameroun CM 1 05/06/81 (A) 03/09/81 
10 Canada/Canadá CA 5 10/04/75 (R) 09/07/75 
58 Central African Republic/República Centroafricana/ 
 République centrafricaine CF 1 27/08/80 (A) 25/11/80 
96 Chad/Tchad TD 1 02/02/89 (A) 03/05/89 
8 Chile/Chili CL 3 14/02/75 (R) 01/07/75 
63 China/Chine CN 2 08/01/81 (A) 08/04/81 
71 Colombia/Colombie CO 3 31/08/81 (R) 29/11/81 
128 Comoros/Comoras/Comores KM 1 23/11/94 (A) 21/02/95 
79 Congo CG 1 31/01/83 (A) 01/05/83 
14 Costa Rica CR  3 30/06/75 (R) 28/09/75 
127 Côte d'Ivoire CI 1 21/11/94 (A) 19/02/95 
105 Cuba CU 3 20/04/90 (A) 19/07/90 
6 Cyprus/Chipre/Chypre CY 4 18/10/74 (R) 01/07/75 
117 Czech Republic/República Checa/République  tchèque CZ 4 14/ 04/93 (Ds) 01/01/93 
26 Democratic Republic of the Congo/ 
República Democrática del Congo/ 
République démocratique du Congo CD 1 20/07/76 (A) 18/10/76 
34 Denmark/Dinamarca/Danemark DK 4 26/07/77 (R) 24/10/77 
113 Djibouti DJ 1 07/02/92 (A) 07/05/92 
129 Dominica/Dominique DM 3 04/08/95 (A) 02/11/95 
92 Dominican Republic/República Dominicana/ 
République dominicaine DO 3 17/12/86 (A) 17/03/87 
7  Ecuador/Equateur EC 3 11/02/75 (R) 01/07/75 
41 Egypt/Egipto/Egypte EG 1 04/01/78 (A) 04/04/78 
93 El Salvador SV 3 30/04/87 (A) 29/07/87 
114 Equatorial Guinea/Guinea Ecuatorial/ 
Guinée équatoriale GQ 1 10/03/92 (A) 08/06/92 
125 Eritrea/Erythrée ER 1 24/10/94 (A) 22/01/95 
115 Estonia/Estonie EE 4 22/07/92 (A) 20/10/92 
98 Ethiopia/Etiopía/Ethiopi e ET 1 05/04/89 (A) 04/07/89 
143 Fiji/Fidji FJ 6 30/09/97 (A) 29/12/97 
24 Finland/Finlandia/Finla nde FI 4 10/05/76 (A) 08/08/76 
43 France/Francia FR 4 11/05/78 (Ap) 09/08/78 
97 Gabon/Gabón GA 1 13/02/89 (A) 14/05/89 
37 Gambia/Gambie GM 1 26/08/77 (A) 24/11/77 
133 Georgia/Géorgie GE 4 13/09/96 (A) 12/12/96 
22 Germany/Alemania/Allemagne DE 4 22/03/76 (R) 20/06/76 
20 Ghana GH 1 14/11/75 (R) 12/02/76 
118 Greece/Grecia/Grèce GR 4 08/10/92 (A) 06/01/93 
53 Guatemala GT 3 07/11/79 (R) 05/02/80 
Table I (cont'd)WT/CTE/W/119 
Page 8  
 
O State/Estado/Etat ISO R Date/Fecha 1 Date/Fecha 2 
72 Guinea/Guinée GN 1 21/09/81 (A) 20/12/81 
107 Guinea-Bissau/Guinée-Bissau GW 1 16/05/90 (A) 14/08/90 
33 Guyana GY 3 27/05/77 (A) 25/08/77 
86 Honduras HN  3 15/03/85 (A) 13/06/85 
87 Hungary/Hungría/Hongrie HU 4 29/05/85 (A) 27/08/85 
25 India/Inde IN 2 20/07/76 (R) 18/10/76 
48 Indonesia/Indonésie ID 2 28/12/78 (A) 28/03/79 
30 Iran (Islamic Republic of)/Irán (República Islámica del)/Iran 
(République islamique d') IR 2 03/08/76 (R) 01/11/76 
56 Israel/Israël IL 2 18/12/79 (R) 17/03/80 
52 Italy/Italia/Italie IT 4 02/10/79 (R) 31/12/79 
137 Jamaica/Jamaïque JM 3 24/03/97 (A) 22/06/97 
57 Japan/Japón/Japon JP 2 06/08/80 (Ac) 04/11/80 
47 Jordan/Jordania/Jordanie JO 2 14/12/78 (A) 14/03/79 
46 Kenya KE 1 13/12/78 (R) 13/03/79 
135 Latvia/Letonia/Lettonie LV 4 11/02/97 (A) 12/05/97 
65 Liberia/Libéria LR 1 11/03/81 (A) 09/06/81 
55 Liechtenstein LI 4 30/11/79 (A) 28/02/80 
82 Luxembourg/Luxemburgo LU 4 13/12/83 (R) 12/03/84 
17 Madagascar MG 1 20/08/75 (R) 18/11/75 
75 Malawi MW 1 05/02/82 (A) 06/05/82 
38 Malaysia/Malasia/Malaisie MY 2 20/10/77 (A) 18/01/78 
123 Mali/Malí ML 1 18/07/94 (A) 16/10/94 
99 Malta/Malte MT 4 17/04/89 (A) 16/07/89 
144 Mauritania/Mauritanie MR 1 13/03/98 (A) 11/06/98 
11 Mauritius/Mauricio/Mauri ce MU 1 28/04/75 (R) 27/07/75 
110 Mexico/México/Mexique MX 5 02/07/91 (A) 30/09/91 
42 Monaco/Mónaco MC 4 19/04/78 (A) 18/07/78 
131 Mongolia/Mongolie MN 2 05/01/96 (A) 04/04/96 
19 Morocco/Marruecos/Maroc MA 1 16/10/75 (R) 14/01/76 
66 Mozambique MZ 1 25/03/81 (A) 23/06/81 
139 Myanmar MM 2 13/06/97 (A) 11/09/97 
108 Namibia/Namibie NA 1 18/12/90 (A) 18/03/91 
12 Nepal/Népal NP 2 18/06/75 (A) 16/09/75 
85 Netherlands/Países Bajos/Pays-Bas NL 4 09/04/84 (R) 18/07/84 
100 New Zealand/Nueva Zelandia/Nouvelle -Zélande NZ 6 10/05/89 (A) 08/08/89 
36 Nicaragua NI 3 06/08/77 (A) 04/11/77 
18 Niger/Níger NE 1 08/09/75 (R) 07/12/75 
2 Nigeria/Nigéria NG 1 09/05/74 (R) 01/07/75 
27 Norway/Noruega/Norvège  NO 4 27/07/76 (R) 25/10/76 
23 Pakistan/Pakistán PK 2 20/04/76 (A) 19/07/76 
44 Panama/Panamá PA 3 17/08/78 (R) 15/11/78 
21 Papua New Guinea/Papua Nueva Guinea/ 
Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée PG 6 12/12/75 (A) 11/03/76 
31 Paraguay PY 3 15/11/76 (R) 13/02/77 
13 Peru/Perú/Pérou PE 3 27/06/75 (R) 25/09/75 
70 Philippines/Filipinas PH 2 18/08/81 (R) 16/11/81 
103 Poland/Polonia/Pologne PL 4 12/12/89 (R) 12/03/90 
62 Portugal PT 4 11/12/80 (R) 11/03/81 
Table I (cont'd) WT/CTE/W/119 
 Page 9 
 
 
O State/Estado/Etat ISO R Date/Fecha 1 Date/Fecha 2 
120 Republic of Korea/República de Corea/ 
République de Corée KR 2 09/07/93 (A) 07/10/93 
124 Romania/Rumania/Roumanie  RO 4 18/08/94 (A) 16/11/94 
112 Russian Federation/Federación de Rusia/ 
Fédération de Russie RU 4 13/01/92 (Ds) 01/01/92 
59 Rwanda RW 1 20/10/80 (A) 18/01/81 
122 Saint Kitts and Nevis/San Kitts y Nieves/ 
Saint-Kitts-et-Nevis KN 3 14/02/94 (A) 15/05/94 
77 Saint Lucia/Santa Lucía/Sainte -Lucie LC 3 15/12/82 (A) 15/03/83 
95 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines/S an Vicente y las Granadinas/Saint-
Vincent-et-les Grenadines VC 3 30/11/88 (A) 28/02/89 
132 Saudi Arabia/Arabia Saudita/Arabi e saoudite SA 2 12/03/96 (A) 10/06/96 
35 Senegal/Sénégal SN 1 05/08/77 (A) 03/11/77 
32 Seychelles SC 1 08/02/77 (A) 09/05/77 
126 Sierra Leone/Sierra Leona SL 1 28/10/94 (A) 26/01/95 
91 Singapore/Singapur/Singapour  SG 2 30/11/86 (A) 28/02/87 
116 Slovakia/Eslovaquia/Slovaqui e SK 4 02/03/93 (Ds) 01/01/93 
89 Somalia/Somalie SO 1 02/12/85 (A) 02/03/86 
15 South Africa/Sudáfrica/Afrique  du Sud ZA 1 15/07/75 (R) 13/10/75 
90 Spain/España/Espagne ES 4 30/05/86 (A) 28/08/86 
49 Sri Lanka LK 2 04/05/79 (A) 02/08/79 
76 Sudan/Sudán/Soudan SD 1 26/10/82 (R) 24/01/83 
60 Suriname SR 3 17/11/80 (A) 15/02/81 
136 Swaziland/Swazilandia SZ 1 26/02/97 (A) 27/05/97 
5 Sweden/Suecia/Suède SE 4 20/08/74 (R) 01/07/75 
3 Switzerland/Suiza/Suisse  CH 4 09/07/74 (R) 01/07/75 
78 Thailand/Tailandia/Thaïlande  TH 2 21/01/83 (R) 21/04/83 
45 Togo TG 1 23/10/78 (R) 21/01/79 
83 Trinidad and Tobago/Trinidad y Tabago/ 
Trinité-et-Tobago TT 3 19/01/84 (A) 18/04/84 
4 Tunisia/Túnez/Tunisie TN 1 10/07/74 (R) 01/07/75 
134 Turkey/Turquía/Turquie TR 4 23/09/96 (A) 22/12/96 
111 Uganda/Ouganda UG 1 18/07/91 (A) 16/10/91 
104 United Arab Emirates/Emiratos Arabes Unidos/ 
Emirats arabes unis AE 2 08/02/90 (A) 09/05/90 
29 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland/ 
Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte/ 
Royaume-Uni de Grande-Breta gne et d'Irlande du Nord GB 4 02/08/76 (R) 31/10/76 
54 United Republic of Tanzania/Repúb lica Unida de Tanzanía/République-
Unie de Tanzanie TZ 1 29/11/79 (R) 27/02/80 
1 United States of America/Estados Unidos de América/ 
Etats-Unis d'Amérique US 5 14/01/74 (R) 01/07/75 
9 Uruguay UY 3 02/04/75 (R) 01/07/75 
142 Uzbekistan/Uzbekistán/Ouzbék istan UZ 2 10/07/97 (A) 08/10/97 
101 Vanuatu VU 6 17/07/89 (A) 15/10/89 
39 Venezuela VE 3 24/10/77 (R) 22/01/78 
121 Viet Nam VN 2 20/01/94 (A) 20/04/94 
138 Yemen/Yémen YE 2 05/05/97 (A) 03/08/97 
61 Zambia/Zambie ZM 1 24/11/80 (A) 22/02/81 
67 Zimbabwe ZW 1 19/05/81 (A) 17/08/81 
 WT/CTE/W/119 
Page 10  
 
ANNEX II 
 
LIST OF NON-PARTY STATES THAT  HAVE INFORMED THE CITES SECRETARIAT 
OF THEIR DESIGNATED COMPETENT AUTHORITY 
 Albania/Albanie  
 Angola  
 Bahrain/Bahrein/Bahreïn  
 Croatia/Croacia/Croatie  
  Democratic People's Republic of Korea/ 
  República Popular Democrática de Corea/ 
République populaire démocratique de Corée  
 Haiti/Haití/Haïti  
 Iceland/Islandia/Islande  
 Ireland/Irlanda/Irlande  
 Kiribati  
 Lebanon/Líbano/Liban  
 Lithuania/Lituania/Lituanie  
 Marshall Islands/Islas Marshall/Îles Marshall  
 Micronesia (Federated States of)/Micronesia  
 (Estados Federados de)/ 
 Micronésie (Etats fédérés de)  
 Netherlands Antilles/Antillas Neerlandesas/Antilles néerlandaises  
 Niue/Nioué  
 Oman/Omán  
 Palau/Palaos  
 Slovenia/Eslovenia/Slovénie  
 Solomon Islands/Islas Salomón/Iles Salomon  
 Tonga  
 Turks and Caicos Islands/Islas Turk s y Caicos/Iles Turks et Caïques  
 Tuvalu  
 Yugoslavia/Yougoslavie  
__________