RESTRICTED1
WORLD TRADE IP/N/1/JPN/1/Add.2
4October 1996
ORGANIZATION(96-3956)
Original: English Council forTrade-Related Aspects
ofIntellectual Property Rights
CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE REGARDING JAPAN 'SLEGISLATION
ONTRADEMARKS, GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS,
INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS AND PATENTS
Communication from Japan
Thefollowing communication, dated 3September 1996, hasbeenreceived fromthePermanent
Mission ofJapan.
_______________
Ihaveenclosed, forcirculation toMembers, across-reference tableregarding Japan'slegislation
ontrademarks,geographicalindications,industrialdesignsandpatents,theformatofwhichwassuggested
byJapan during theTRIPS Council 'smeeting early thisyear. Ihopethatitwillbefound useful for
enhancing theefficiency ofthereview.2
1Japan hasrequested thatthepresent document beissued asrestricted.
2Across-reference table concerning thearea ofcopyright andrelated rights willbecirculated in
documentIP/Q/JPN/1,aspartoftherecordofthereviewofJapan'slawsandregulationsinquestionatthemeeting
oftheCouncil of22-25 July1996.IP/N/1/JPN/1/Add.2
Page2
LISTING OFCROSS-REFERENCES
PROVISIONS OFTHE TRIPS
AGREEMENTPROVISIONS OFRELEVANT LAWS
AND/OR REGULATIONS
SECTION 2:TRADEMARKS
Article 15: Protectable Subject Matter
Para.1 -Constitution ofatrademark
-Eligibility forregistration
-Distinctiveness acquired through
use
Para.2 -Denial ofregistration onother
grounds
Para.3 -Registrability dependent onuse
Para.4 -Nature ofthegoods orservices
Para.5 -Publication ofatrademark
-Opportunity forpetitions to
cancel theregistration
-Opportunity foropposition tothe
registration
Article 16: Rights Conferred
Para.1 -Exclusive right
-Presumption ofalikelihood of
confusion
-Protection ofexisting prior rights
Para.2 -Application oftheprovision of
Article 6bisoftheParis
Convention (1967) toservicesTrademark Law, Article 2,para.1
Trademark Law, Article 3,para.1
Trademark Law, Article 3,para.2
Trademark Law, Article 4
*Nouserequired forregistration
*Noprovision toform anobstacle to
registration based onthenature ofthe
goods orservices
Trademark Law, Article 16
Trademark Law, Article 46
Trademark Law, Article 16quater
Trademark Law, Article 25
Trademark Law, Article 37,para.1
Trademark Law, Article 32
Trademark Law, Article 4,para.1,
subpara.10
Trademark Law, Article 15
Trademark Law, Article 46
Unfair Competition Prevention Law,
Article 2,para.1, subpara.1
Unfair Competition Prevention Law,
Article 2,para.1, subpara.2
Unfair Competition Prevention Law,
Article 3IP/N/1/JPN/1/Add.2
Page3
PROVISIONS OFTHE TRIPS
AGREEMENTPROVISIONS OFRELEVANT LAWS
AND/OR REGULATIONS
Para.3 -Application oftheprovision of
Article 6bisoftheParis
Convention (1967) todissimilar
goods orservices
Article 17: Exceptions
Article 18: Term ofProtection
Article 19: Requirement ofUse
Para.1 -Cancellation bynon-use
-Valid reasons fornon-use
Para.2 -Usebyanother person
Article 20: Other Requirements
Article 21: Licensing andAssignment
-Conditions onthelicensing and
assignment
-Prohibition ofcompulsory
licensing
-Therighttoassign thetrademark
withorwithout thetransfer ofthe
businessTrademark Law, Article 4,para.1,
subpara.15
Trademark Law, Article 15
Trademark Law, Article 46
Unfair Competition Prevention Law,
Article 2,para.1, subpara.1
Unfair Competition Prevention Law,
Article 2,para.1, subpara.2
Unfair Competition Prevention Law,
Article 3
Trademark Law, Article 26
Trademark Law, Article 29
Trademark Law, Article 32
Trademark Law, Article 33
Trademark Law, Article 19
Trademark Law, Article 50,para. 1
Trademark Law, Article 50,para. 2
Trademark Law, Article 50
*Noother requirements
Trademark Law, Article 24
Trademark Law, Article 30
Trademark Law, Article 31
*Noprovision topermit compulsory
licensing
Trademark Law, Article 24IP/N/1/JPN/1/Add.2
Page4
PROVISIONS OFTHE TRIPS
AGREEMENTPROVISIONS OFRELEVANT LAWS
AND/OR REGULATIONS
SECTION 3:GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATIONS
Article 22: Protection ofGeographical
Indications
Para.1 -Definition ofgeographical
indications
Para.2 -Prevention ofmisuse of
geographical indications
-(a)Misleading indications
-(b)Unfair competition within the
meaning ofArticle 10bisofthe
Paris Convention (1967)
Para.3 -Refusal orinvalidation ofthe
registration ofatrademark
containing orconsisting ofa
geographical indication theuseof
which misleads thepublic
Para.4 -Applicability ofparas. 1,2and3
against ageographical indication
which falsely represents thatthe
goods originate inanother territory
Article 23: Additional Protection for
Geographical Indications for
Wines andSpirits
Para.1 -Additional prevention ofuseof
geographical indications
Para.2 -Refusal orinvalidation ofthe
registration ofatrademark for
wines orspirits containing or
consisting ofageographical
indication withrespect tosuch
wines orspirits nothaving this
origin(a)Actagainst Unjustifiable Premiums and
Misleading Representations, Article 4
Customs Law, Article 71
(b)Unfair Competition Prevention Law,
Article 2,para.1, subpara. 10
Unfair Competition Prevention Law,
Article 3
Customs Law, Article 71
Trademark Law, Article 4,para.1,
subpara. 16
Trademark Law, Article 15
Trademark Law, Article 46
Trademark Law, Article 4,para.1,
subpara. 16
Trademark Law, Article 15
Trademark Law, Article 46
Standard forIndication inRelation to
Geographic Indications (Notification No.4)
Trademark Law, Article 4,para.1,
subpara. 17
Trademark Law, Article 15
Trademark Law, Article 46IP/N/1/JPN/1/Add.2
Page5
PROVISIONS OFTHE TRIPS
AGREEMENTPROVISIONS OFRELEVANT LAWS
AND/OR REGULATIONS
Para.3 -Protection ofhomonymous
geographical indications
Para.4 -Establishment ofamultilateral
system concerning geographical
indications forwines
Article 24: International Negotiations:
Exceptions
Para.1 -Negotiations aimed atincreasing
theprotection
Para.2 -Review andconsultations
Para.3 -Prohibition ofdiminishing the
protection
Para.4 -Exception concerning prior use
Para.5 -Exception where atrademark has
beenapplied fororregistered in
good faith, orwhere rights toa
trademark havebeenacquired
through useingood faitheither:
(a)before thedateofapplication
ofthese provisions
(b)before thegeographical
indication isprotected inits
country oforigin
Para.6 -Exception concerning common
name forgoods orservices and
customary name ofagrape variety
Para.7 -Period formaking requests
Para.8 -Exception concerning person 's
name
Para.9 -Noobligation toprotect
geographical indications
unprotected ordisused intheir
country oforiginStandard forIndication inRelation to
Geographic Indications (Notification No.4)
Supplementary Provision ofTrademark Law
(Law No.116of1994), Article 12
Trademark Law, Article 4,para.3
Trademark Law, Article 47IP/N/1/JPN/1/Add.2
Page6
PROVISIONS OFTHE TRIPS
AGREEMENTPROVISIONS OFRELEVANT LAWS
AND/OR REGULATIONS
SECTION 4:INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS
Article 25: Requirements forProtection
Para.1 -Protection ofindustrial designs
-Combinations ofknown design
features, etc.
-Technical orfunctional designs
Para.2 -Protection fortextile designs
Article 26: Protection
Para.1 -Right oftheowner ofanindustrial
design
Para.2 -Limited exceptions
Para.3 -Duration ofprotectionDesign Law, Article 3,para.1
Design Law, Article 3,para.2
*Noprovision toexclude suchdesigns
from protection
*Implemented bytheexamination practice
Design Law, Article 23
Design Law, Article 2,para.3
Design Law, Article 29
Design Law, Article 30
Design Law, Article 31
Design Law, Article 32
Design Law, Article 33
Design Law, Article 55
Design Law, Article 56
Design Law, Article 21IP/N/1/JPN/1/Add.2
Page7
PROVISIONS OFTHE TRIPS
AGREEMENTPROVISIONS OFRELEVANT LAWS
AND/OR REGULATIONS
SECTION 5:PATENTS
Article 27: Patentable Subject Matter
Para.1 -Patentability inallfields of
technology
-Non-discrimination astotheplace,
etc.
Para.2 -Protection ofordre public or
morality
Para.3 -Exclusion from patentability
-(a)Diagnostic, therapeutic and
surgical methods
-(b)Plants andanimals other than
micro-organisms
Article 28: Rights Conferred
Para.1 -Exclusive rights
-(a)Where thesubject matter isa
product
-(b)Where thesubject matter isa
process
Para.2 -Right toassign ortransfer by
succession
-Right toconclude licensing
contractsPatent Law, Article 29
*Noprovision todiscriminate astothe
place, etc.
Patent Law, Article 32
Patent LawArticle 29,para.1 chapeau
*Noprovision toexclude plants and
animals from patentability
Seeds andSeedlings Law(forplant
variety protection)
Patent Law, Article 68
Patent Law, Article 2,para.3
Patent Law, Article 2,para.3
Patent Law, Article 98
Patent Law, Article 77
Patent Law, Article 78IP/N/1/JPN/1/Add.2
Page8
PROVISIONS OFTHE TRIPS
AGREEMENTPROVISIONS OFRELEVANT LAWS
AND/OR REGULATIONS
Article 29: Conditions onPatent
Applicants
Para.1 -Clear andcomplete disclosure of
theinvention
-Indication ofthebestmode
Para.2 -Information concerning the
corresponding foreign applications
andgrants
Article 30: Exceptions toRights Conferred
Article 31: Other UseWithout
Authorization oftheRight
Holder
-(a)Consideration onitsindividual
merits
-(b)Efforts toobtain authorization
-Waiver inthecaseofa
national emergency etc.or
public non-commercial use
-(c)Limitation ofthescope and
duration
-Inthecaseofsemi-conductor
technologyPatent Law, Article 36,para.4
*Nosuchindication required
*Nosuchinformation required
Patent Law, Article 68
Patent Law, Article 69
Patent Law, Article 79
Patent Law, Article 80
Patent Law, Article 81
Patent Law, Article 82
Patent Law, Article 175
Patent Law, Article 176
Patent Law, Article 84
Patent Law, Article 85,para.1
Patent Law, Article 86,para.1
Patent Law, Article 83,para.1, 2
Patent Law, Article 92,para.1, 3
Patent Law, Article 93,para.1, 2
*Noprovision towaive therequirement
onsuchefforts
Patent Law, Article 86,para.2
Patent Law, Article 83,para.2
Patent Law, Article 92,para.3
Patent Law, Article 93,para.2IP/N/1/JPN/1/Add.2
Page9
PROVISIONS OFTHE TRIPS
AGREEMENTPROVISIONS OFRELEVANT LAWS
AND/OR REGULATIONS
-(d)Non-exclusivity
-(e)Non-assignability
-(f)Supply ofthedomestic market
-(g)Liability tobeterminated
-(h)Adequate remuneration
-(i)Judicial review ofthelegal
validity
-(j)Judicial review ofthe
remuneration
-(k)Other usetoremedy an
anti-competitive practice
-(l)Other usetopermit the
exploitation ofthesecond
patent:
(i)Animportant technical
advance
(ii)Across-licence
(iii)Non-assignability
Article 32: Revocation/Forfeiture
Article 33: Term ofProtectionPatent Law, Article 86,para.2
Patent Law, Article 92,para.7
Patent Law, Article 93,para.3
Patent Law, Article 94,para.3, 4
Patent Law, Article 86,para.2, subpara.1
Patent Law, Article 92,para.7
Patent Law, Article 93,para.3
Patent Law, Article 90
Patent Law, Article 86,para.2, subpara.2
Patent Law, Article 92,para.7
Patent Law, Article 93,para.3
Patent Law, Article 184bis
Patent Law, Article 91bis
Patent Law, Article 92,para,7
Patent Law, Article 93,para.3
Patent Law, Article 183
*Noprovision towaive theconditions in
subparas. (b),(f)
Patent Law, Article 92,para.5
Patent Law, Article 92,para.2
Patent Law, Article 94,para.4
Patent Law, Article 123
Patent Law, Article 178
Patent Law, Article 67IP/N/1/JPN/1/Add.2
Page10
PROVISIONS OFTHE TRIPS
AGREEMENTPROVISIONS OFRELEVANT LAWS
AND/OR REGULATIONS
Article 34: Process Patents: Burden of
Proof
Para.1 -Provision ofpresumption
Para.2 -Provision oftheburden ofproof
Para.3 -Protection ofthemanufacturing and
business secretsPatent Law, Article 104
Patent Law, Article 104
*Implemented byCode ofCivil
Procedures