RESTRICTED
WORLD TRADE IP/C/W/76/Add.10
30October 1997
ORGANIZATION(97-4641)
Original: English Council forTrade-Related Aspects
ofIntellectual Property Rights
INFORMATION FROM MEMBERS ONANY SYSTEMS FOR THE REGISTRATION
OFGEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS WHICH THEY OPERATE
Communication from theUnited States
Addendum
Atitsmeeting of27February 1997, theCouncil forTRIPS agreed toinitiate preliminary work
onissues relevant tothenegotiations specified inArticle 23.4oftheTRIPS Agreement through an
information-gathering activity. Inthisconnection, theCouncil invited Members tosubmit information
onanysystems fortheregistration ofgeographical indications which theyoperate. Reference ismade
toparagraph 73ofdocument IP/C/M/12.
Thepresent document reproduces theinformation received from theUnited States, bya
communication from thePermanent Mission oftheUnited States, dated 19September 1997.
_______________
INFORMATION ONTHE SYSTEMS FOR PROTECTION OF
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS INTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA
Thefollowing information issubmitted bytheUnited States ofAmerica inresponse tothe
invitation oftheTRIPS Council forsubmission byMembers ofinformation regarding anysystems
fortheregistration ofgeographical indications which theyoperate.
RECOGNITION OFDISTILLED SPIRITS, WINE, AND MALT BEVERAGES
BYTHE BUREAU OFALCOHOL, TOBACCO AND FIREARMS
TheUnited States hasasystem ofrecognition forgeographic indications forwine; rather than
asystem ofregistration. Certain geographic indications arerecognized asauthorized appellations of
origin forwine. Forwine produced intheUnited States, thefollowing geographic indications are
recognized asappropriate appellations oforigin: 1)theUnited States; 2)aState; 3)twoornomore
thanthreeStates which areallcontiguous; 4)acounty (which mustbeidentified withtheword“county ”,
inthesame sizeandtype, andinletters asconspicuous asthename ofthecounty; 5)twoornomore
thanthree counties inthesame States; or6)aviticultural area. Aviticultural areaisdefined asa
delimited grape growing region distinguishable bygeographical features, theboundaries ofwhich have
beenrecognized anddefined byregulations. Alistofapproved viticultural areas canbefound inIP/C/W/76/Add.10
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regulations (see27C.F.R. Part9).Anappellation oforigin maybeclaimed onawine label only
ifthewineisentitled under regulations toclaim thatappellation.1
TheUnited States ’system ofrecognition forgeographic indications forwineapplies equally
toforeign geographic indications forwine. Forwineproduced inacountry other thantheUnited
States, thefollowing geographic indications arerecognized asappropriate appellations oforigin: 1)a
country; 2)astate, province, territory orsimilar political subdivision ofacountry equivalent toastate
orcounty; or3)aviticultural area. Forpurposes ofwineproduced inacountry other thantheUnited
States, aviticultural areaisadelimited place orregion (other thanacountry, state, province, territory
orsimilar political subdivision ofacountry equivalent toastateorcountry) theboundaries ofwhich
havebeenrecognized anddefined bythecountry oforigin foruseonlabels ofwine available for
consumption within thecountry oforigin.
REGISTRATION OFCERTIFICATION MARKS BYTHE U.S.PATENT
AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Chapter 1300 -Examination ofDifferent Types ofMarks
1306 -Certification Marks
Chapter 1306.01 -Definition ofCertification Mark
Section 4oftheTrademark Act,15U.S.C. §1054, provides fortheregistration of"certification
marks, including indications ofregional origin". Section 45oftheTrademark Act,15U.S.C. §1127,
defines "certification mark" asfollows:
"Theterm'certification 'mark means anyword, name, symbol, ordevice, oranycombination
thereof:
(1) usedbyaperson other thanitsowner, or
(2) which itsowner hasabonafideintention topermit aperson other thantheowner to
useincommerce andfilesanapplication toregister ontheprincipal register established
bythisAct,tocertify regional orother origin, material, mode ofmanufacture, quality,
accuracy, orother characteristics ofsuchperson 'sgoods orservices orthatthework
orlabor onthegoods orservices wasperformed bymembers ofaunion orother
organization."
Acertification mark, asnoted inInreFlorida Citrus Commission ,160USPQ 495,499(TTAB
1968), "isaspecial creature created forapurpose uniquely different fromthatofanordinary service
mark ortrademark...."
There aregenerally three types ofcertification marks. First, there aremarks which certify
thatgoods orservices originate inaspecific geographic region (e.g.,ROQUEFORT forcheese). See
Community ofRoquefort v.William Faehndrich, Inc.,303F.2d494,133USPQ 633(2dCir.1962).
SeealsoState ofFlorida, Department ofCitrus v.RealJuices, Inc.,330F.Supp. 428,171USPQ
66(M.D. Fla.1971) (SUNSHINE TREE forcitrus fromFlorida); Bureau National Interprofessionnel
1SeetheAnnex tothepresent document.IP/C/W/76/Add.10
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DuCognac v.International Better Drinks Corp. ,6USPQ2d 1610(TTAB 1988) (COGNAC fordistilled
brandy from aregion inFrance).
Second,therearemarkswhichcertifythatthegoodsorservicesmeetcertainstandardsinrelation
toquality,materialsormodeofmanufacture(e.g.,approvalbyUnderwritersLaboratories).SeeMidwest
Plastic Fabricators Inc.v.Underwriters Laboratories Inc.,906F.2d1568, 15USPQ2d 1359 (Fed.
Cir.1990) (ULcertifies, among other things, representative samplings ofelectrical equipment meeting
certain safety standards); InreCelanese Corporation ofAmerica ,136USPQ 86(TTAB 1962)
(CELANESE certifies plastic toysmeeting certifier 'ssafety standards).
Third, marks maycertify thattheperformer oftheservices orthemanufacturer ofthegoods
hasmetcertain standards orbelongs toacertain organization orunion (e.g.,ILGWU -UNION MADE
forclothing). SeeTMEP §1306.03 andcases citedtherein.
Thestatutory definition differentiates certification marks from trademarks orservice marks
bytwocharacteristics. First, acertification mark isnotusedbyitsowner and,second, acertification
mark doesnotindicate commercial source nordistinguish thegoods orservices ofoneperson from
those ofanother person.
SeeHoltzman, Certification Marks: AnOverview ,81Trademark Rep.180(1991).
1306.01(a) -UseIsbyPerson Other thanOwner
Acertification mark maynotbeused, inthetrademark sense of"used", bytheowner ofthe
mark; itmaybeusedonlybyaperson orpersons other thantheowner ofthemark. Thatis,theowner
ofacertification mark doesnotapply themark tohisorhergoods orservices and,infact,usually
doesnotattach orapply themarkatall.Themarkisapplied byother persons, totheirgoods orservices,
withauthorization from theowner ofthemark.
Theowner ofacertification mark doesnotproduce thegoods orperform theservices in
connection withwhich themark isused, andthusdoesnotcontrol theirnature andquality. Therefore,
itisnotappropriate toinquire about control overthenature andquality ofthegoods orservices. What
theowner ofthecertification mark doescontrol isuseofthemark byothers ontheirgoods orservices,
suchcontrol consisting ofthetaking ofstepstoassure thatthemark isapplied onlytogoods orservices
which contain therequisite characteristics ormeetthespecified requirements which thecertifier/owner
hasestablished oradopted forthecertification. SeeTMEP §1306.06(g)(ii) regarding submission for
therecord ofthestandards established bythecertifier todetermine whether thecertification mark may
beusedinrelation tothegoods and/or services ofothers.
1306.01(b) -Purpose IstoCertify, NottoIndicate Source
Thepurpose ofacertification markistoinform purchasers thatthegoods orservices ofaperson
possess certain characteristics ormeetcertain qualifications orstandards established byanother person.
Acertification mark doesnotindicate origin inasingle commercial orproprietary source; itdoesnot
indicate source inatrademark sense atall.Itdoesnotindicate whomanufactured thegoods orperformed
theservices; onthecontrary, incertifying, thesame mark isusedonthegoods orservices ofmany
different producers.
Themessage conveyed byacertification mark, when itisapplied togoods orusedinconnection
withservices, isthatthegoods orservices havebeenexamined, tested, inspected, orinsome way
checked byaperson whoisnottheirproducer, bymethods determined bythecertifier/owner. The
placing ofthemark ongoods oritsuseinconnection withservices thusconstitutes acertification byIP/C/W/76/Add.10
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someone other thantheproducer thattheprescribed characteristics orqualifications ofthecertifier
forthose goods orservices havebeenmet.
1306.02 -Certification Marks Which AreIndications ofRegional Origin
Ageographical termmaybeused, either alone orasaportion ofacomposite mark, tocertify
thatthegoods originate intheparticular geographical region identified bytheterm. Asnoted in
Community ofRoquefort v.William Faehndrich, Inc.,303F.2d494,497,133USPQ 633,635(2d
Cir.1962), ageographical name doesnotrequire asecondary meaning inorder toqualify forregistration
asacertification mark. Itistruethatsection 1054 provides thatcertification marks are"subject to
theprovisions relating totheregistration oftrademarks, sofarastheyareapplicable...." Butsection
1052(e)(2), which prohibits registration ofnames primarily geographically descriptive, specifically
excepts "indications ofregional origin" registrable under section 1054. Therefore, ageographical name
mayberegistered asacertification mark eventhough itisprimarily geographically descriptive.
When geographical terms areusedincomposite certification marks tocertify regional origin,
theterms should notberequired tobedisclaimed, norshould theyprompt refusal ofregistration of
thecomposite marks, ontheground thatthemarks aregeographically descriptive. However, when
ageographical termusedinacomposite certification mark isnotusedtocertify regional origin,
appropriate refusals andrequirements should bemade.
Marks which maybeusedtocertify regional origin arenotnecessarily limited toterms which
comprise precise geographical terminology. Adistortion ofageographical term, anabbreviation of
ageographical term, oracombination ofgeographical terms canbeusedas,orin,acertification mark
indicating regional origin. Itisalsopossible foratermwhich isnottechnically geographical tohave
significance asanindication oforigin solely inaparticular region.
Amark which isgeographically deceptive maynotberegistered asacertification mark of
regional origin. SeeTMEP §§1210.06 and1210.07.
1306.02(a) -Indicating theRegion
Theexamining attorney should examine thespecimens ofuseandevidence intherecord to
determine whether thegeographical termisbeing usedasacertification mark toindicate theregional
origin ofthegoods upon which itisused. Iftherecord orother evidence available totheexamining
attorney indicates thataspecific terminquestion hasaprincipal significance asadescription ofthe
goods rather thanasacertification mark (e.g.,"Paris" forperfume), registration should berefused.
Thebasis fortherefusal isthatthesubject matter doesnotfunction asacertification mark andthat
itisprimarily geographically descriptive ofthegoods, pursuant to§§2,4and45oftheTrademark
Act,15U.S.C. §§1052, 1054 and1127.
When ageographic termisbeing usedasacertification mark toindicate regional origin, the
application should define theregional origin which themark certifies, ifthewording comprising the
mark doesnotclearly indicate whatregion isintended.
1306.02(b) -Authority toControl aGeographical Term
When acertification mark consists solely, oressentially, ofageographical term, theexamining
attorney should inquire astotheauthority oftheapplicant tocontrol theuseoftheterm, iftheauthority
isnotobvious. Normally theauthority which canexercise control overtheuseofageographical term
asacertification mark isagovernmental body orabody operating withgovernmental authorization.
Therightwhich aprivate person canacquire inageographical termisusually atrademark right, onIP/C/W/76/Add.10
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thebasis ofexclusive useresulting inthetermbecoming distinctive ofthatperson 'sgoods. When,
however, circumstances make itdesirable ornecessary formany orallpersons inaregion tousethe
name oftheregion toindicate theorigin oftheirgoods, there would benoopportunity forthename
tobecome distinctive foronlyoneperson. Thetermwould beusedbyallpersons intheregion, not
asatrademark indicating commercial origin, butasacertification mark indicating regional origin.
When ageographical termisusedasacertification mark, twoelements areofbasic concern:
first,preserving thefreedom ofallpersons intheregion tousethetermand,second, preventing abuses
orillegal usesofthemark which would bedetrimental toallthose entitled tousethemark. Normally
aprivate individual isnotinthebestposition tofulfill these objectives satisfactorily. Thegovernment
ofaregion would bethelogical authority tocontrol theuseofthename oftheregion. Thegovernment,
either directly orthrough abody towhich ithasgiven authority, would havepower topreserve the
rightofallpersons andtoprevent abuse orillegal useofthemark.
1306.02(c) -TheGovernment asApplicant foraGeographical Certification Mark
Theapplicant maybethegovernment itself (such asthegovernment oftheUnited States, a
stateoracity)oritmaybeoneofthedepartments ofagovernment, oritmaybeabody operating
withgovernmental authorization although notformally apartofthegovernment. There maybean
interrelationship between bodies inmore thanoneofthese categories andthedecision astowhich is
theappropriate bodytoapply isinfluenced bywhich bodyactually conducts thecertification program
orismostdirectly associated withit.Thedetermination maybemade bytheapplicant, provided the
examining attorney doesnotfindanyinconsistency between theselection andthefactsindicated in
therecord.
Thesignature ofanyperson whohasaresponsible position ofauthority intheapplicant
organization maybeaccepted. Thetitlesbywhich persons inauthority aredesignated varyindifferent
governmental bodies.
1306.03 -Certification Marks Certifying thatLabor WasPerformed bySpecific Group orIndividual
Acertification mark maybeusedupon, orinconnection with, theproducts orservices ofa
personorpersonstocertifythattheworkorlaborontheproductsorserviceswasperformedbymembers
ofaunion orother organization orthattheperformer meets certain standards. Whether ornotspecific
matter functions asacertification mark inthisregard depends upon whether thematter isusedin
connection withthegoods orservices insuchamanner thatthepurchasing public willrecognize it,
either consciously orotherwise, asacertification mark.
Occasionally itisnotclearwhether atermisbeing usedtocertify thatwork orlabor relating
tothegoods orservices wasperformed bysomeone meeting certain standards orbymembers ofa
union orotherorganization toindicate membership orwhether, rather thanasamark, thetermismerely
being usedasatitleoradegree oftheperformer toindicate professional qualifications. Matter which
might appear tobesimply atitleoradegree mayfunction asacertification mark ifusedintheproper
manner. SeeInreNational Association ofPurchasing Management ,228USPQ 768(TTAB 1986)
(C.P.M. usedmerely astitleordegree, notascertification mark); InreNational Association ofLegal
Secretaries (International) ,221USPQ 50(TTAB 1983) (PROFESSIONAL LEGAL SECRETARY
notusedonthespecimens insuchawayastoindicate certification significance); InreNational Institute
forAutomotive Service Excellence ,218USPQ 744(TTAB 1983) (design mark notusedsimply asa
degree ortitle,buttocertify thattheperformer oftheservices hadmetcertain standards); InreInstitute
ofCertified Professional Business Consultants ,216USPQ 338(TTAB 1982) (CPBC notusedasa
certification mark forbusiness consulting services, butonlyasatitleordegree); InreProfessional
Photographers ofOhio, Inc.,149USPQ 857(TTAB 1966) (CERTIFIED PROFESSIONALIP/C/W/76/Add.10
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PHOTOGRAPHER usedonlyasthetitleofaperson, notasacertification mark). Cf.InreUniversity
ofMississippi ,1USPQ2d 1909 (TTAB 1987) (useofuniversity sealondiplomas didnotrepresent
useasacertification mark).
1306.04 -Ownership ofCertification Marks
Theowner ofacertification markisthepartyresponsible forthecertification which isconveyed
bythemark. Theparty whoaffixes themark, withauthorization ofthecertifier todoso,doesnot
ownthemark; noristhemark owned bysomeone whomerely actsasanagent forthecertifier, for
example, aninspector hired bythecertifier. Thecertifier, asowner, istheonlyperson whomayfile
anapplication forregistration ofacertification mark. SeeInreSafeElectrical Cord Committee ,125
USPQ 310(TTAB 1960).
Certification isoften thesoleactivity inwhich theowner ofacertification mark isengaged.
However,apersonisnotnecessarilyprecludedfromowningacertificationmarkbecausehealsoengages
inother activities, including thesaleofgoods ortheperformance ofservices. Inthisevent, however,
thecertification mark maynotbethesame mark which theperson usesasatrademark orservice mark
ongoods orservices. SeeTMEP §1306.05(a).
Examples oforganizations which conduct bothtypes ofactivity aretradeassociations andother
membership or"club" types ofbusinesses, suchasautomobile associations. Such organizations may
perform services fortheirmembers, andsellvarious goods totheirmembers andothers, aswellas
conduct programs wherein theycertify characteristics orother aspects ofgoods orservices, especially
ofkinds which relate tothemain purpose oftheassociation.
Manufacturing orservice companies which arenotinvolved incertifying thegoods orservices
ofmembers maynonetheless engage incertification programs under proper circumstances. Forexample,
amanufacturer ofchemical wood preservative might conduct aprogram certifying certain characteristics
ofwood orofwood products which aretreated andsoldbyothers. Among thecharacteristics or
circumstancescertifiedcouldbethefactthatpreservativeproducedbythismanufacturerunderaspecified
trademark wasusedinthetreatment.
Asanother example, amagazine publisher mayconduct acertification program relating to
goods orservices which areadvertised inorhavesome relevance totheinterest areaofthemagazine
heorshepublishes.
Thecertifier/owner determines therequirements forthecertification. Thestandards donot
havetobeoriginal withthecertifier/owner, butmaybestandards established byanother person, such
asspecifications promulgated byagovernment agency orstandards developed through research of
aprivate research organization.
1306.05 -Characteristics ofCertification Marks
TheTrademark Actdoesnotrequire thatacertification mark beinanyspecific formorinclude
anyspecific wording. Acertification mark canbewording only, design only, oracombination of
wording anddesign. Inother words, there isnoparticular waythatamark mustlookinorder tobe
acertification mark, normust themark inandofitself show thatitcertifies.
When acertification markisdevised, thereisoftenincorporated initwording suchas"approved
by","inspected", "conforming to"or"certified", orwording ofsimilar import, which isnatural since
certification (orapproval) ispractically theonlysignificance themark istohavewhen itisusedon
goods orinconnection withservices. However, there isnothing which requires suchwording tobeIP/C/W/76/Add.10
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included inacertification mark, andamark which entirely lackssuchwording canperform thefunction
ofcertification.
Nomatter whattheformorappearance ofthemark, theexamining attorney mustlooktothe
factsdisclosed intherecord inorder todetermine whether themark isusedincertification activity
andisinfactacertification mark.
Itdoesnothavetobeproved thatthemark inandofitself isinstantly recognizable asbeing
acertification mark, northatthemark hasalready become wellknown tothepublic asacertification
mark, butitshould beclearfrom therecord inthefilethatthecircumstances surrounding theuseor
promotion ofthemark willgivecertification significance tothemark inthemarketplace. SeeExparte
VanWinkle ,117USPQ 450(Comm 'rPats. 1958).
1306.05(a) -Same Mark NotRegistrable asCertification Mark andasAnyOther Type ofMark
Tradeorservicemarksandcertificationmarksaredifferentanddistincttypesofmarks,designed
toserve different purposes. Atrademark orservice mark isusedbyoneperson onhisorhergoods
orservices alone, whereas acertification mark isusedbypersons other thantheowner ofthemark
ontheirgoods orservices. Acertification mark doesnotdistinguish between producers, butrepresents
acertification regarding some characteristic which iscommon tothegoods orservices ofmany persons.
Using thesame mark fortwocontradictory purposes would result inconfusion anduncertainty asto
themeaning ofthemark andwould vitiate themark foreither purpose.
Section 45oftheTrademark Act,15U.S.C. §1127, defines a"trademark", "service mark"
and"certification mark" differently from eachother. Sections 4and14(5) oftheTrademark Act,
15U.S.C. §§1054 and1064(5) alsotreatacertification mark separately from either atrademark or
service mark. Theseparateness ofthefunctions ofthesetypesofmarks isemphasized bytheprohibitions
inboth§§4and14against useofacertification mark byitsowner onhisorherowngoods orservices.
Thus, ifaparty hasaregistration asatrade orservice mark foranygoods orservices, heorsheis
precluded fromsecuring registration ofthesamemarkasacertification markforthosegoods orservices.
Conversely, aregistration asacertification mark precludes registration ofthesame mark byitsowner
asatrade orservice mark foranygoods orservices towhich thecertification mark applies.
Therationale fortheposition thatitisnotpermissible toregister amark asatrademark (or
service mark) andalsoasacertification mark isfullydiscussed inInreFlorida Citrus Commission ,
160USPQ 495(TTAB 1968).
Theprohibition against registration bothasatradeorservice mark andasacertification mark
refers tothesamemark, thatis,marks which areidentical orsonearly alikeastoconstitute essentially
thesamemark. Variations inwording ordesign, eventhough small, can,ifmeaningful, create different
marks; ontheother hand, inconsequential differences, suchasthestyleoflettering ortheaddition
ofwording oflittleimportance, normally would notprevent marks frombeing regarded asthesame.
SeeBlack HillsJewelry Mfg.Co.v.Gold Rush, Inc.,633F.2d746,208USPQ 631(8thCir.1980);
National Science Foundation v.National Sanitation Foundation Testing Laboratory, Inc.,207USPQ
323(TTAB 1980); InreMonsanto Co.,201USPQ 864(TTAB 1978). SeealsoTMEP §§1306.04,
1306.06(d) and1306.09.
1306.05(b) -Cancellation ofApplicant 'sPrior Registration Required byChange from Certification
Mark UsetoTrademark orService Mark Use,orViceVersa
Thenature oftheactivity inwhich themark isusedorintended tobeusedmaychange from
usetocertify characteristics ofgoods orservices touseontheparty'sowngoods orservices, oronIP/C/W/76/Add.10
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goods orservices produced fortheparty byrelated companies. Thechange might alsobetheother
wayaround, from trade orservice mark usetocertification mark use.
Ifthereisalready aregistration asonetypeofmark and,afterthechange inuse,theregistrant
filesanapplication forregistration ofthemark astheother type, theapplicant must surrender the
previousregistrationbyproceedingunder§7(e)oftheTrademarkAct,15U.S.C.§1057(e).Inexamining
thenewapplication, theexamining attorney must beconvinced thatthere hasbeenachange ofthe
program inwhich themark isused, orintended tobeused, andmustensure thatthefactsofrecord
support thenewapplication.
Before theexamining attorney approves thenewapplication forpublication ofthemark or
forissuance ofaregistration ontheSupplemental Register, theapplicant must surrender theprior
registration forcancellation pursuant to§7(e). See37C.F.R. §2.172; TMEP §1607.01. Theregistration
certificate forthenewapplication should notissueuntilthepriorregistration actually hasbeencanceled.
1306.06 -Examination ofCertification Mark Applications
1306.06(a) -Refusal toRegister Certification Mark
Thesamestandards areusedindetermining theregistrability ofcertification marks asareused
forother types ofmarks. Thus, thestandards generally applicable totrademarks andservice marks
areusedinconsidering issues suchasdescriptiveness, disclaimers andlikelihood ofconfusion. (But
seeTMEP §1306.02 regarding certification marks indicating regional origin only.)
Concerning theapplication of§2(e) oftheTrademark Act,15U.S.C. §1052(e), tocertification
marks, seeCommunity ofRoquefort v.Santo ,443F.2d1196, 170USPQ 205(C.C.P.A. 1971); In
reNational Association ofLegal Secretaries (International) ,221USPQ 50(TTAB 1983). Concerning
theapplication of§2(d), 15U.S.C. §1052(d), tocertification marks, seeProcter &Gamble Co.v.
Cohen ,375F.2d494,153USPQ 188(C.C.P.A. 1967); Stabilisierrungsfonds fürWeinv.Peter Meyer
Winery GmbH ,9USPQ2d 1073 (TTAB 1988). SeealsoE.I.duPont deNemours &Co.v.Yoshida
International, Inc.,393F.Supp. 502,185USPQ 597(E.D.N.Y. 1975).
Arefusal toregister because thesubject matter doesnotfunction asacertification mark is
predicated on§§1,2,4and45oftheTrademark Act,15U.S.C. §§1051, 1052, 1054 and1127.
Educational orotherdegrees ortitlesawarded toindividuals, andusedonlyaspersonal titlesordegrees,
arenotcertificationmarks.Soused,titlesanddegreesindicatequalificationsorattainmentsoftheperson;
theydonotpertain toorcertify services which havebeenperformed bytheperson. Forafulldiscussion
ofthisissue, seeInreInstitute forCertification ofComputer Professionals ,219USPQ 372(TTAB
1973); InreProfessional Photographers ofOhio, Inc.,149USPQ 857(TTAB 1966); andTMEP
§1306.03.
1306.06(b) -TheMark ontheDrawing
Thedrawingintheapplicationmustincludeallofthecertificationmark,butitshouldnotinclude
anything thatisnotpartofthemark. Inevaluating whatconstitutes themark thatistobeshown in
thedrawing, theexamining attorney must refer tothespecimens. SeeInreNational Institute for
Automotive Service Excellence ,218USPQ 744(TTAB 1983). Inevaluating thedrawing, thesame
standards usedinrelation totrademark andservice mark drawings areapplicable (seeTMEP §807
etseq.).IP/C/W/76/Add.10
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1306.06(c) -Specimens ofUseforCertification Marks
Although acertification mark performs aspecifically different function fromatrademark or
aservice mark, itmust beusedinamanner analogous tothatofatrademark oraservice mark (on
goods ortheircontainers ordisplays associated therewith orontagsorlabels affixed thereto, orin
thesaleoradvertising ofservices rendered).
Specimens must consist ofmaterials thatshow themark inactual use.Materials thatcarry
themark andareactually attached orapplied tothegoods orusedinrelation totheservices bythe
persons authorized tousethemark constitute proper specimens.
Inevaluating theacceptability ofspecimens, thesame standards usedinrelation totrademarks
andservice marks should beapplied. SeeTMEP §905 etseq.
Sometimes theowner/certifier prepares tagsorlabels, bearing thecertification mark, which
aresupplied totheauthorized users forattachment bythemtotheirgoods orforuseinrelation totheir
services. SeeExparte Porcelain Enamel Institute, Inc.,110USPQ 258(Comm 'rPats. 1956). Such
atagorlabelwould beanacceptable specimen.
1306.06(d) -Relation Between Certification Mark andTrademark orService Mark onSpecimens
Itiscustomary fortrademarks orservice marks tobeplaced ongoods orusedwithservices
inconjunction withcertification marks. However, itisalsopossible foracertification mark tobethe
onlymark usedongoods orwithservices. Some producers market theirgoods orservices without
using atrademark orservice mark, yetsuchproducers maybeauthorized touseacertification mark
and,asaresult, thecertification mark would betheonlymark onthegoods orservices. Insuch
situations, thesignificance ofthemark might notbereadily apparent andtheexamining attorney should
request anexplanation ofthecircumstances inorder toascertain thatthemark isacertification mark
rather thanatrademark orservice mark. SeealsoTMEP §1306.09.
When atrademark oraservice mark appears onthespecimens inaddition toacertification
mark, thecertification mark canbeonaseparate label, orcanbeincluded onasingle labelalong with
theuser'sowntrademarks orservice marks andwithanyother labeling information which theproducer
ofthegoods orservices wishes tobeassociated withitsgoods orservices.
Acompositecertificationmarkmayincludeatrademarkorservicemark,providedthecomposite
mark functions tocertify, withthetrade orservice mark serving onlytoinform, ortosuggest the
certification program, rather thantoindicate origin ofthegoods orservices withwhich themark is
used. These situations usually arecreated when acompany which produces goods orperforms services
wishes todevelop aprogram andamark tocertify characteristics ofgoods orservices ofothers which
arerelated totheproducer 'sowngoods orservices. Seetheexamples inTMEP §1306.04.
Thetrademark orservice mark mustbeowned bythesame person whoowns thecertification
mark ofwhich itisapart.Itisnotpermissible toinclude thetrademark orservice mark ofanother
inacertification mark, eventhough anapplicant mayoffertodisclaim it.If,because oftheexistence
ofaregistration oronthebasis ofother evidence, theexamining attorney believes thatatrademark
orservice mark included inacertification mark isowned byanother, theexamining attorney should
refuse registration ofthecertification mark.IP/C/W/76/Add.10
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1306.06(e) -Classification ofGoods andServices inCertification Mark Applications
Inapplications toregister certification marks, allgoods areclassified inClass Aandallservices
areclassified inClass B(37C.F.R. §6.3).
Classes AandB(butnotanyother classes) maybeincluded inoneapplication, provided the
procedures forcombined applications arefollowed. See37C.F.R. §2.86; TMEP §1113 etseq.
(NOTE: When theTrademark Actof1946wentintoeffect, thegoods andservices forwhich
certification marks wereregistered wereclassified intheregular classes forsuchgoods andservices.
Itwasconcluded subsequently thatthiswasnotreasonable, since acertification mark iscommonly
usedonagreat variety ofgoods andservices, andthespecialized purpose ofthese marks makes it
unrealistic todivide thegoods andservices intothecompetitive groups which theregular classes
represent. Thechange toclassification inClasses AandBforcertification marks wasmade by
amendment oftheTrademark Rules on15August 1955.)
1306.06(f) -Identification ofGoods andServices inCertification Mark Applications
Inacertification mark application, thegoods orservices which arecertified maybeidentified
lessspecifically thaninanapplication foratrademark orservice mark.
Ordinarily itisonlynecessary toindicate general kinds ofgoods andservices, suchasfood,
agricultural commodities, electrical products, textile materials, printed material, orinsurance agency
services, machinery repair, restaurant services. However, ifthecertification program itselfislimited
tospecific goods orservices, forexample, wine, wood doors, bakery machinery, thentheidentification
intheapplication should bemore specific.
1306.06(g) -Special Elements ofCertification Mark Applications
1306.06(g)(i) -Statement ofWhat theMark Certifies
Theapplication mustcontain astatement ofthecharacteristic, standard, orother feature which
iscertified orisintended tobecertified bythemark. Thestatement maybegin withthewording "The
certification mark, asused(orintended tobeused) byauthorized persons, certifies (orisintended
tocertify) ...."See37C.F.R. §2.45.
Allofthecharacteristics orfeatures which themark certifies should beincluded. Amark need
notbelimited tocertifying asingle characteristic orfeature.
Thecharacteristics orfeatures which themark certifies should bestated inreasonable detail,
sothattheirnature willbeclear. Thebroad suggestive terms ofthestatute, suchasquality, material,
mode ofmanufacture, aregenerally notsatisfactory bythemselves because theydonotaccurately reveal
thenature ofthecertification. Howspecific thestatement should bedepends inpartuponthenarrowness
orbreadth ofthecertification. Forexample, "quality" would notinform thepublic ofthemeaning
ofthecertification where thecharacteristic being certified islimited, forexample, tothestrength of
material, orthepurity ofastrain ofseed.
Thestatement ofcertification intheapplication isprinted ontheregistration certificate. For
thatreason, itshould bereasonably specific butneednotinclude thedetails ofthespecifications of
thecharacteristic being certified. Ifpracticable, however, themore detailed specifications should be
made ofrecord intheapplication file.IP/C/W/76/Add.10
Page11
While theinformation astowhatthemark certifies mayappear inthesame statement asthe
identification ofgoods and/or services, itispreferable thatthese elements besetforth separately in
theapplication.
1306.06(g)(ii) -Standards
Theapplicant (certifier) mustsubmit acopyofthestandards established todetermine whether
others mayusethecertification mark ontheirgoods and/or inconnection withtheirservices (37C.F.R.
§2.61(b)). Foranintent-to-use application, under §1(b) oftheAct,15U.S.C. §1051(b), thestandards
aresubmitted withtheamendment toallege useorthestatement ofuse.
Asnoted inTMEP §1306.04, thestandards neednotbeoriginal withtheapplicant. They may
bestandards established byanother party, suchasspecifications promulgated byagovernment agency
orstandards developed through research ofaprivate research organization.
1306.06(g)(iii) -Exercise ofControl
Since theowner ofacertification mark doesnotusethemark, theapplication muststate, as
appropriate, thattheapplicant isexercising, orhasabonafideintention toexercise, legitimate control
overtheuseofthecertification mark incommerce. See37C.F.R. §2.45.
Ifthere isdoubt astotheexistence ornature ofsuchcontrol bytheapplicant, theexamining
attorney should require anexplanation andsufficient disclosure offactsorthefiling ofappropriate
documents tosupport theapplicant 'sstatement regarding theexercise ofcontrol overtheuseofthe
mark.
1306.06(g)(iv) -UsebyOthers Indicated inDates-of-Use Clause
Inspecifying thedates offirstuse,theapplicant mustindicate thatthecertification mark was
firstusedunder theauthority oftheapplicant, orbypersons authorized bytheapplicant, since a
certification mark isnotusedbytheapplicant itself.
1306.06(g)(v) -Mark NotUsed byApplicant
Theapplicationmustcontainastatementthattheapplicantisnotengagedin(or,iftheapplication
isfiledunder §1(b) oftheAct,15U.S.C. §1051(b), willnotengage in)theproduction ormarketing
ofthegoods orservices towhich themark isapplied. See37C.F.R. §2.45.
1306.06(g)(vi) -Amendment toDifferent Type ofMark
Ifanapplication isfiledtoregister amarkasacertification markbutthemarkactually isanother
typeofmark, orifanapplication isfiledtoregister amark asanother typewhen itisactually a
certification mark, theapplication maybeamended (without additional fee),torequest registration
astheproper typeofmark. Itispreferred thattheapplication becompletely rewritten toprovide a
clean copy, rather thanthatamendments bemade intheoriginal papers. Also, theapplication should
bere-executed because some essential allegations differ forthedifferent types ofmarks.
1306.07 -Relationship of§14(Cancellation) toExamination ofCertification Mark Applications
Extract from 15U.S.C. §1064. Cancellation. Apetition tocancel aregistration ofamark,
stating thegrounds relied upon, may, upon payment oftheprescribed fee,befiledasfollows byanyIP/C/W/76/Add.10
Page12
person whobelieves thatheisorwillbedamaged bytheregistration ofamarkontheprincipal register
established bythisAct,orunder theActof3March 1881, ortheActof20February 1905:
(5)Atanytimeinthecaseofacertification mark ontheground thattheregistrant
(A)doesnotcontrol, orisnotablelegitimately toexercise control over, theuseof
suchmark, or(B)engages intheproduction ormarketing ofanygoods orservices
towhich thecertification mark isapplied, or(C)permits theuseofthecertification
mark forpurposes other thantocertify, or(D)discriminately refuses tocertify orto
continue tocertify thegoods orservices ofanyperson whomaintains thestandards
orconditions which suchmark certifies ....
Section 14oftheTrademark Act,15U.S.C. §1064, provides forthefiling ofpetitions tocancel
registrations; subsection (5)listsspecific circumstances under which petitions tocancel certification
marks maybefiled. Theconcepts implicit in§14(5) arereflected inexamination asfollows:
Subsection A:Inanapplication theapplicant states under oathordeclaration thattheapplicant
isexercising, orhasabonafideintention toexercise, legitimate control overtheuseofthe
certification mark. Such statement isaccepted unless theexamining attorney hasknowledge
offactswhich indicate thatitshould notbe.
Subsection B:Theapplicant isrequired tostate, asappropriate, thatheorsheisnotengaged
in,orwillnotengage in,theproduction ormarketing ofanygoods orservices towhich the
certification mark isapplied. Such statement isaccepted unless theexamining attorney has
knowledge offactsindicating thecontrary.
Subsection C:Thissubsection concerns whether aparty permits useofthecertification mark
forpurposes other thantocertify. Nostatements arerequired intheapplication specifically
onthispoint; itisgenerally assumed fromtheapplication thatthemark isusedasacertification
mark unless therecord discloses, ortheexamining attorney hasknowledge of,factswhich
indicate thattheapplicant usesthemark forpurposes other thantocertify. Inthatevent, the
examining attorney hasaresponsibility toinquire intothesubject toascertain thatthemark
isfunctioning asacertification mark. Theexistence ofunauthorized orillegal usesbyothers
without theapplicant 'sauthorization isnotwithin theexamining attorney 'sprovince andcannot
beusedasabasis forrefusal toregister, provided thatuseauthorized bytheapplicant, as
supported bytherecord, isproper certification use.
Subsection D:Thissubsection relates totheobligation oftheowner nottodiscriminately refuse
tocertify. Thissubject isnotmentioned in§§4or45,15U.S.C. §§1054 or1127. TheOffice
hasnever undertaken toevaluate, inexparte examination, whether thestandards or
characteristics which themark certifies, assetoutbytheapplicant, arediscriminatory perse;
norisitintheprovince ofexparte procedure toinvestigate orpolice howthecertification
ispracticed.
1306.08 -Registration ofCertification Mark onBasis ofForeign Registration
Acertification mark mayberegistered intheUnited States pursuant to§44oftheTrademark
Act,15U.S.C. §1126, onthebasis ofaforeign registration. However, whether aparticular foreign
registration isacceptable asthebasisforaUnited States registration depends onthescope oftheforeign
registration.
Aperson maynotobtain aregistration intheUnited States which isbroader inscope than
theregistration issued intheforeign country onwhich theUnited States registration isbased. SeeInIP/C/W/76/Add.10
Page13
reLöwenbräu München ,175USPQ 178(TTAB 1972); TMEP §1009.04. Therefore, aregistration
asacertification mark intheUnited States maynotbebased onaforeign registration thatisactually
atrademark registration, i.e.,aregistration which isbased ontheregistrant 'splacement ofthemark
onhisorherowngoods asatrademark. Thescope oftheregistration, i.e.,thenature oftheregistration
right, would notbethesame.
Thescope ornature oftheregistration right isnotalways immediately apparent from a
registration certificate. Foreign registration certificates arenotalways labeled aspertaining toa
trademark, service mark, collective mark orcertification mark and,when theyarelabeled, the
significance ofthetermisnotalways clear. Forexample, thedesignation "collective" represents a
differentconceptinsomeforeigncountriesthanitdoesintheUnitedStates.Moreover,whileacertificate
printed onastandardized form maybeheaded withthedesignation "trademark", thebody ofthe
certificate might contain language tothecontrary.
Since certification isanexception inthelarger world oftrademarks, anindication ofcertification
intheregistration certificate would normally represent aconscious decision thatacertification situation
exists. Therefore, ifaforeign registration certificate hasaheading which designates themark asa
certification mark orifthebody oftheforeign certificate contains language which indicates thatthe
registration isforcertification, theforeign registration normally maybeaccepted tosupport registration
intheUnited States asacertification mark.
Whenever there isambiguity astothescope ornature oftheforeign registration orwhenever
theexamining attorney believes thattheforeign certificate maynotreflect theactual registration right,
theexamining attorney should inquire regarding thebasis oftheregistration andshould seekfactsby
which thescope ornature oftheforeign registration rightmaybeevaluated.
1306.09 -Uncertainty Regarding Type ofMark
When thefactsintheapplication areinsufficient toprovide anadequate basisfordetermining
whether themarkisfunctioning asatrademark orservice markorasacertification mark, theexamining
attorney should askforfurther explanation astothebusiness activities inwhich themark isusedand
should require asufficient disclosure ofthefactstoenable aproper examination tobemade. Themanner
inwhich thebusiness associated withamark isconducted isthemainfactor which determines thetype
ofmark. Theconduct ofparties involved withthemark evidences therelationship between theparties,
andtheresponsibilities ofeachtothegoods orservices andtothemark. Themanner inwhich the
mark isdisplayed isalsotobeconsidered, butthesignificance attributable todisplay isoftenuncertain.
1306.09(a) -Distinction Between Certification Mark andCollective Mark
Acollective trademark orcollective service mark indicates commercial origin ofgoods orof
services inthemembers ofagroup. Acollective membership mark indicates membership inan
organization. Acertification mark certifies characteristics orfeatures ofgoods orservices. See
Speech-Language-HearingAssociationv.NationalHearingAidSociety,224USPQ798,806-808(TTAB
1984), foradiscussion ofthedistinction between collective marks andcertification marks.
Bothcollective marks andcertification marks areusedbymore thanoneperson butonlythe
users ofcollective marks arerelated toeachother through being members ofacollective group. The
collective mark isusedbyallmembers and,since nomember canownthemark individually, the
collective organization holds thetitletothecollective mark forthebenefit ofallmembers.
Anapplication toregister amarkwhich isusedorintended tobeusedbymembers ofacollective
group mustbescrutinized carefully inorder todetermine thefunction ofthemark. Ifthemark isusedIP/C/W/76/Add.10
Page14
orintended tobeusedbythemembers asatrademark ongoods theyproduce orasaservice mark
forservices theyperform, thenthemark isacollective trademark orcollective service mark. Ifthe
mark isusedorintended tobeusedbymembers toindicate membership inanorganization, thenthe
markisacollective membership mark. However, ifuseofthemark bymembers isorwillbeauthorized
onlyunder designated circumstances bytheorganization asowner, inorder tocertify characteristics
orfeatures ofthegoods orservices, themark isacertification mark, andisnotacollective mark of
anykind.
1306.09(b)-DistinguishingCertificationMarkUsefromRelated-CompanyUseofTrademarkorService
Mark
Sometimes anapplication isfiledinwhich registration asacertification mark isrequested;
however, acontractual relationship inthenature ofafranchise orlicence exists between theapplicant
andtheuserofthemark, whereby theapplicant asthefranchisor orlicensor specifies thenature or
quality ofthegoods which areproduced, oroftheservices which areperformed, under thecontract.
These situations require careinexamination because theyusually indicate trademark orservice mark
use(through related companies) rather thancertification mark use,since theapplicant, asfranchisor
orlicensor, controls thenature ofthegoods orservices andhastheresponsibility fortheirquality.
Thekeydistinction between useofsubject matter asacertification mark anduseasatrademark
orservice mark through arelated company is,essentially, thepurpose andfunction ofthemark in
themarket place --thatis,whether itserves toconvey aguarantee ofaquality orcharacteristic or
toidentify thegoods orservices andindicate theirorigin. Theuseofthemarkthrough arelated company
"involves therightofalicensor tochoose thelicensees thatuseitsmark against theobligation ofthe
owner ofacertification mark tocertify thegoods orservices ofanyperson whomeets andmaintains
thestandards andconditions which suchmark certifies". InreMonsanto Co.,201USPQ 864,870
(TTAB 1978). SeealsoInreCelanese Corp. ofAmerica ,136USPQ 86(TTAB 1962).
1306.09(c) -Patent Licences
Sometimes theowner ofapatent asserts ownership ofthemark which isapplied tothegoods
thataremanufactured, under licence from thepatent owner, inaccordance withtheterms and
specifications ofthepatent. Inmostcases, suchmarks havebeenregistered astrademarks, onthebasis
ofrelated-company use.Generally, thepatent owner 'spurpose, inarranging fortheapplication of
amark tothegoods manufactured under hisorherlicence, would betoidentify anddistinguish those
goods whose nature andquality thepatent owner controls through theterms andspecifications ofthe
patent.Therefore,registrationasatrademark(onthebasisofrelated-companyuse)wouldbeappropriate,
rather thanregistration asacertification mark.IP/C/W/76/Add.10
Page19
...determined bytheDirector, appears insubpart Dofpart12ofthischapter.
[T.D. 6521, 25FR13835, 29December 1900, asamended byT.D. ATF-296, 65FR17967,
30April 1990]
§4.25 Appellations oforigin
(a) Awineshallbeentitled toanappellation oforigin if(1)atleast75percentofitsvolume is
derived fromfruitoragricultural products grown intheplace orregion indicated bysuchappellation,
(2)ithasbeenfullymanufactured andfinished within thestateinwhich suchplace orregion islocated,
and(3)itconforms totherequirements ofthelawsandregulations ofsuchplace orregion governing
thecomposition, method ofmanufacture, anddesignation ofwines forhome consumption.
(b) Wines subjected tocellar treatment outside theplace orregion oforigin under theprovisions
of§4.22(c), andblends ofwines ofthesame origin blended together outside theplace orregion of
origin (ifallthewines intheblend haveacommon class, typeorother designation which isemployed
asthedesignation oftheblend) shallbeentitled tothesame appellation oforigin towhich theywould
beentitled ifsuchcellar treatment orblending tookplace within theplace orregion oforigin.
(c) Thissection doesnotapply after31December 1982.
[T.D. 6521, 25FR13835, 29December 1960, asamended byT.D.7185, 37FR7976, 22April 1972;
T.D. ATF-201, 50FR12533, 29March 1985]
§4.26(a) Appellations oforigin
(a) Definition .(1)American wine.AnAmerican appellation oforigin is:(i)theUnited States;
(ii)astate; (iii)twoornomore thanthree states which areallcontiguous; (iv)acounty (which must
beidentified withtheword "county", inthesame sizeoftype, andinletters asconspicuous asthe
name ofthecounty); (v)twoornomore thanthree counties inthesame states; or(vi)aviticultural
area(asdefined inparagraph (e)ofthissection).
(2) Imported wine.Anappellation oforigin forimported wine is:(i)acountry, (ii)astate,
province, territory, orsimilar political subdivision ofacountry equivalent toastateorcounty; or
(iii)aviticultural area.
(b) Qualification .(1)American wine.AnAmerican wineisentitled toanappellation oforigin
other thanamulticounty ormultistate appellation, oraviticultural area, if:(i)Atleast76percent
ofthewineisderived fromfruitoragricultural products grown intheappellation areaindicated; (ii)it
hasbeenfullyfinished (except forcellar treatment pursuant to§4.22(c), andblending which doesnot
result inanalteration ofclassortypeunder §4.22(b), intheUnited States, iflabelled "American";
or,iflabelled withastateappellation, within thelabelled stateoranadjacent state; oriflabelled with
acounty appellation, within thestateinwhich thelabelled county islocated; and(iii)itconforms
tothelawsandregulations ofthenamed appellation areagoverning thecomposition, method of
manufacture, anddesignation ofwines made insuchplace.
(2) Imported wine.Animported wineisentitled toanappellation oforigin other thanaviticultural
areaif:(i)atleast75percentofthewineisderived fromfruitoragricultural products grown inthe
areaindicated bytheappellation oforigin; and(ii)thewineconforms totherequirements oftheforeign
lawsandregulationsgoverningthecomposition,methodofproduction,anddesignationofwinesavailable
forconsumption within thecountry oforigin.IP/C/W/76/Add.10
Page20
(c) Multicountyappellations.Anappellationoforigincomprisingtwoornomorethanthreecounties
inthesamestatemaybeusedifallofthefruitorother agricultural products weregrown inthecounties
indicated, andthepercentage ofthewinederived from fruitorother agricultural products grown in
eachcounty isshown onthelabelwithatolerance ofplusorminus 2percent.
(d) Multistate appellation .Anappellation oforigin comprising twoornomore thanthree states
which areallcontiguous maybeused, if:(i)allofthefruitorother agricultural products weregrown
inthestates indicated, andthepercentage ofthewinederived fromfruitorother agricultural products
grown ineachstateisshown onthelabelwithatolerance ofplusorminus 2percent.
(2) Ithasbeenfullyfinished (except forcellar treatment pursuant to§4.22(c), andblending which
doesnotresult inanalteration ofclassortypeunder §4.22(b) inoneofthelabelled appellation states;
(3)itconforms tothelawsandregulations governing thecomposition, method ofmanufacture, and
designation ofwines inallthestates listed intheappellation.
(e) Viticultural area-(1)Definition -(i)American wine. Adelimited grape-growing region
distinguishable bygeographical features, theboundaries ofwhich havebeenrecognized anddefined
inpart9ofthischapter.
(ii) Imported wine. Adelimited place orregion (other than anappellation defined in
paragraph (a)(2)(i) or(a)(2)(ii)) theboundaries ofwhich havebeenrecognized anddefined bythecountry
oforigin foruseonlabels ofwineavailable forconsumption within thecountry oforigin.
(2) EstablishmentofAmericanviticulturalareas.PetitionsforestablishmentofAmericanviticultural
areas maybemade tothedirector byanyinterested party, pursuant totheprovisions of§71.41(c)
ofthistitle. Thepetition maybeintheformofaletter, andshould contain thefollowing information:
(i) Evidence thatthename oftheviticultural areaislocally and/or nationally known asreferring
totheareaspecified intheapplication; (ii)historical orcurrent evidence thattheboundaries ofthe
viticultural areaareasspecified intheapplication; (iii)evidence relating tothegeographical features
(climate,soil,elevation,physicalfeatures,etc.)whichdistinguishtheviticulturalfeaturesoftheproposed
areafrom surrounding areas; (iv)thespecific boundaries oftheviticultural area, based onfeatures
which canbefound onU.S.Geological Survey (USGS) maps ofthelargest applicable scale; and(v)a
copyoftheappropriate USGS map(s) withtheboundaries prominently marked. (ForUSGS maps,
write totheU.S. Geological Survey, Branch ofDistribution, Box25286, Federal Center, Denver,
Colorado 80225. Ifthemapname isnotknown, request amapindex bystate.)
(3) Requirements foruse. Awinemaybelabelled withaviticultural areaappellation if:
(i) Theappellation hasbeenapproved under part9ofthistitleorbytheappropriate foreign
government;
(ii) notlessthan85percentofthewineisderived fromgrapes grown within theboundaries
oftheviticultural area;
(iii) inthecaseofforeign wine, itconforms totherequirements oftheforeign lawsand
regulations governing thecomposition, method ofproduction, anddesignation ofwines
available forconsumption within thecountry oforigin; andIP/C/W/76/Add.10
Page21
(iv) inthecaseofAmerican wine, ithasbeenfullyfinished within thestate, oroneofthe
states, within which thelabelled viticultural areaislocated (except forcellar treatment
pursuant to§4.22(c), andblending which doesnotresult inanalteration ofclassand
typeunder §4.22(b)).
(4) Overlap viticultural areaappellations. Anappellation oforigin comprised ofmore thanone
viticultural areamaybeusedinthecaseofoverlapping viticultural areas ifnotlessthan85percent
ofthevolume ofthewineisderived from grapes grown intheoverlapping area.
[T.D.ATF-53,43FR37675,23August1978,asamendedbyT.D.ATF-84,46FR29261,1June1981;
T.D.ATF-92, 46FR46812, 23September 1981; T.D.ATF-196, 60FR763,7January 1985; T.D.
ATF-201, 50FR12533, March 291985; T.D. ATF-222, 61FR37774, 30January 1986; T.D.
ATF-312, 56FR31076, 9July1991; T.D. ATF-355, 59FR14553, 29March, 1994]
§4.26 Estate bottled
(a) Conditions foruse.ThetermEstate bottled maybeusedbyabottling winery onawinelabel
onlyifthewineislabelled withaviticultural areaappellation oforigin andthebottling winery:
(1)Islocated inthelabelled viticultural area; (2)grow allofthegrapes usedtomake thewine
onlandowned orcontrolled bythewinery within theboundaries ofthelabelled viticultural
area; (3)crushed thegrapes, fermented theresulting must, andfinished, aged, andbottled
thewineinacontinuous process (thewine...