WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONS/DCS/W/GHA
24 January 2003
(03-0467)
Trade in Services Original:  English
GHANA
Draft consolidated Schedule of Specific Commitments1
Attached is a draft consolidated version of the Schedule of Specific Commitments of Ghana
in word format.  This document  does not substitute for the legally binding commitments undertaken
by Ghana in its Schedule of Specific Commitments (GATS/SC/35; GATS/SC/35/Suppl.1;
GATS/SC/35/Suppl.2)
The draft consolidated version of the Schedule wa s prepared by the Secretariat, at the request
of Members, to facilitate the process of negotiations, including the presentation of initial offers.
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1 This document has been prepared, in English only, under the Secretariat's own responsibility and without
prejudice to the positions of Members and to their rights and obligations under the WTO.S/DCS/W/GHA
Page 2GHANA – SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
ALL SECTORS
INCLUDEDIN THIS SCHEDULE
1) None2) None1) None
2) None
3) Foreign-owned enterprises including
joint-venture enterprises withGhanaians must satisfy minimumcapital outlay and foreign equityrequirements as follows: whollyforeign-owned company requires a
minimum equity capital outlay of
US$ 200,000.  Joint-venturecompany should have a minimumforeign equity capital of at least US$10,000 in cash or kind.  Agency
establishment must have authority to
negotiate and conclude contracts onbehalf of foreign parent companies.3) None
4) Automatic entry and work permit is
granted to up to 4 expatriate seniorexecutives and specialized skill
personnel in accordance with
relevant provisions in theInvestment Promotion Law.Approval is required for anyadditional expatriate workersbeyond the automatic level.
Enterprises must also provide for
training in higher skills forGhanaians to enable them to assumespecialized roles.4) NoneS/DCS/W/GHA
Page 3Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
2. COMMUNICATION
SERVICES
C. Telecommunication
ServicesSee attached 
additional commitments on regulatory disciplines
For public use
Mobile services (terrestrialand satellite based)
- Cellular/mobile telephone
services
- Mobile data services- Personal communications
services
- Paging (CPC 75291)- Trunked radio system
- services
Fixed satellite services1) For voice services commercial
arrangements with duopolyoperators required. For non-voiceservices bypass of network facilitiesof duopoly operators is notpermitted.
2) None
3) Only through joint venture with
Ghanaian national(s).
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures.S/DCS/W/GHA
Page 4Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
For public use
Fixed network infrastructure
Local, domestic long distance,
and international
(a) Voice telephone services
(CPC 7521)(Including public paytelephone services, operatorand emergency services)
(g) Private leased circuit
service (CPC 7522**,CPC 7523**)1) Bypass of duopoly operators is not
permitted.
2) None3) Duopoly established with the
operators to provide service incompetition with each other.
Regulator can licence additional
suppliers of local service tounderserved population centres forwhich duopoly operators havedeclined rights of first refusal. Onlythrough joint venture with Ghanaian
national(s).
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measuresThe duopoly operators
are granted exclusivityfor a period of five 
years. At the
expiration of this period, theGovernment will conduct a  review of its policy to 
determine whether to 
license additional suppliers of such services.
For public use
(b) Packet-switched data
transmission services(CPC 7523**)
(c) Circuit-switched data
transmission services(CPC 7523**)
(d) Telex services
(CPC 7523**)
(e) Telegraph services
(CPC 7522)
(f) Facsimile services
(CPC 7521**,CPC 7529**)1) Bypass of network facilities of the
duopoly operators is not permitted
2) None3) May establish own network
facilities; or may obtain
transmission capacity, but only from
the duopoly operators.  Onlythrough joint venture with Ghanaiannational(s)
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measuresS/DCS/W/GHA
Page 5Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(o) Other
Internet and Internet access
services [except voice](CPC 75260**)
Teleconferencing services
(CPC 75292)
Mobile services (terrestrial andsatellite based)- Cellular mobile /telephone
services
- Mobile data services
- Personal communications
services
- Paging (75291)- Trunked radio system
services
Fixed satellite services1) For voice services commercial arrangements 
with duopoly operators required.  For non-voice services bypass of network facilities od duopoly operators in sot permitted.
2) None
3) Only through joint venture with Ghanaian 
national (s).
4) Unbound except as indicated under horizontal 
measures.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated under horizontal 
measures.
Telecommunicationsequipment sales
(CPC 75410)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures
Telecommunicationsequipment rental,
maintenance, connection,
repair and consultingservices(CPC 75420 - 75450)1) Commercial presence required
2) None
3) Only through joint venture with
Ghanaian national(s)
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measuresS/DCS/W/GHA
Page 6Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
3. CONSTRUCTION AND
RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES (including maintenance and equipmentrepair services)
A. General Construction Work
for Buildings
(CPC 512)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures
B. General Construction Work
for Civil Engineering
(CPC 513)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures
C. Installation and Assembly
Work
(CPC 514, 516)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures
5. EDUCATIONAL
SERVICES
B. Secondary and Specialist
(CPC 922, 929)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measuresS/DCS/W/GHA
Page 7Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES
A. All Insurance and
Insurance-related Services
(a) Life insurance.
(b) Non-life insurance
consisting of:
- fire insurance;- transport and aviation
insurance;1),2)Except in case of personal
effects, every insurance effected in
respect of any goods imported into
Ghana shall be placed with aninsurer registered in Ghana.1),2)None
- motor vehicle insurance;
- workmen's compensation
insurance;
- health insurance.3) At least 40 per cent of the capital or
other proprietary interest in the
insurance business shall be owned
by a Ghanaian national;  and foreignpartners are allowed to holdmanagement control of localinsurance firms.3) None
(c) Reinsurance business in
relation to any or all theinsurance businesses listedabove.4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures.4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures.S/DCS/W/GHA
Page 8Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
A. Banking and Other
Financial Services
(a) Acceptance of deposits.
(b) Credit facilities.(c) Financial leasing.(d) Payments services.
(e) Guarantees and
commitments.
(f) Trading in money and
capitalmarket instruments.
(g) Other non-banking
financial
services.1) None
2) None3) None, except for a licensing
requirement based on prudential 
requirements.
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures1) None
2) None3) Government support may be extended
for companies locating in rural areas.  A
higher paid-up capital is required of
foreign service suppliers compared todomestic service suppliers.
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL
RELATED SERVICES
A. Hotel and Restaurants
(CPC 641-643)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures
B. Travel Agencies and Tour
Operators
(CPC 7471)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measuresS/DCS/W/GHA
Page 9Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
11. TRANSPORT
SERVICES
A. Maritime Transport
Services
(International Transport
freight and passengers, lesscabotage transport)
(CPC 7211 and 7212 less
cabotage transport)1) Access to only 20 per cent of bulk
and liner cargo
2) None
3) (a) Establishment of registered
company for the purpose ofoperating a fleet under the flag ofGhana: unbound
(b) Other forms of commercial
presence to undertake locally all
activities necessary for the supply totheir customers of a partially orintegrated transport service, withinwhich the maritime transportconstitutes a substantial element:
none
4) (a) Ships crew: unbound
(b) Key personnel employed in
relation to commercial presence asdefined under horizontal measures1) Unbound except with respect to the
cargo referred to in the market accesscolumn
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measuresThe following 
services are made available to 
international maritime
transport suppliers on reasonable and non-discriminatory conditions:
1) Pilotage
2) Towing and tug 
assistance
3) Provisioning, fuelling 
and watering
4) Garbage collecting
and ballast waste
disposal
5) Port Captain's services6) Navigation aids7) Fire fighting and 
ambulance
Maritime Auxiliary
Services
- Cargo-handling services- Storage and warehouse
services
- Container station and depot
services1) None
2) None
3) These services are currently
provided by state monopoly.Privatization is envisaged withinfive to seven years.1) None
2) None
3) These services are currently provided
by state monopoly. Privatization isenvisaged within five to seven years.
4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measures4) Unbound except as indicated under
horizontal measuresS/DCS/W/GHA
Page 10
ATTACHMENT: ADDITIONAL COMMITMENTS
Scope
The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic
telecommunications services.
Definitions
Users mean service consumers and service suppliers.
Essential facilities mean facilities of a public telecommunications transport network or service
that
(a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers;
and
(b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to provide a 
service.
A major supplier is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of
participation (having regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for basic telecommunications
services as a result of:
(a) control over essential facilities;  or(b) use of its position in the market.
1. Competitive safeguards
1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone
or together, are a major supplier from engaging in or continuing anti-competitive practices.
1.2 Safeguards
The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:
(a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;(b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results;  and(c) not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical 
information about essential facilities and commercially relevant information which are necessary for them to provide services.
2. Interconnection
2.1 This section applies to linking with suppliers providing public telecommunications transport
networks or services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicate with users of another
supplier and  to access services provided by another supplier, where specific commitments areundertaken.S/DCS/W/GHA
Page 11
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured
Interconnection with a major supplier will be ensured at any technically feasible point in the
network.  Such interconnection is provided.
(a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its 
subsidiaries or other affiliates;
(b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay 
for network components or facilities that it does not require for the service to be 
provided;  and
(c) upon request, at points in addition to the network termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary
additional facilities.
2.3 Public availability of the procedures for interconnection negotiations
The procedures applicable for interconnection to a major supplier will be made publicly
available.
2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
It is ensured that a major supplier will make publicly available either its interconnection
agreements or a reference interconnection offer.
2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement
A service supplier requesting interconnection with a major supplier will have recourse, either:
(a) at any time; or
(b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known to an 
independent domestic body, which may be a regulatory body as referred to in 
paragraph 5 below, to resolve disputes regarding appropriate terms, conditions and 
rates for interconnection within a reasonable period of time, to the extent that these have not been established previously.
3. Universal service
Any Member has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regarded  as anti-competitive per se, provided they are
administered in a transparent, non-discriminatory and competitively neutral manner and are not more
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member.S/DCS/W/GHA
Page 12
4. Public availability of licensing criteria
Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available:
(a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence and
(b) the terms and conditions of  individual licences.The reasons for the denial of a licence will be made known to the applicant upon request.
5. Independent regulators
The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic
telecommunications services. The decisions of and the procedures used by regulators shall be
impartial with respect to all market participants.
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers
and rights of way, will be carried out in an objective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory
manner.  The current state of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly available, but detailed
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government uses is not required.
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