WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
1 June 2001
(01-2742)
Committee on Trade and Environment
GATT/WTO RULES ON SUBSIDIES AND AIDS GRANTED IN THE FISHING INDUSTRY
Update of Notifications under the SCM Agreement
Note by the Secretariat
Addendum
I. INTRODUCTION
1. This Note has been prepared in response to a request by the Committee on Trade and
Environment under Item 6 of its work programme.  It is an update of document WT/CTE/W/80, dated
9 March 1998 and Add.1, dated 21 September 1999, which presented an overview of possible
subsidies relating to the fishing industry, that were notified under Article 25 of the Agreement on
Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement).
2. The subsidies listed in the tables below were notified between September 1999 and
April 2001.  These tables are not exhaustive and are not meant to interpret the notifications.  It is
therefore recommended to consult the original document for a complete description of the subsidy
programmes in question.  Moreover, the classification may be arbitrary in some instances:  this is due
to the fact that the information provided in the notifications does not always permit the nature of the
subsidy to be identified.
3. These tables are without prejudice to the compatibility of the subsidy in question with the
rules of the SCM Agreement, its effects under the Agreement or the nature of the measure.  Similarly,these tables are not intended to pass any judgement on the effects of those subsidies on fisheries
resources.  The purpose of this compilation is merely  to illustrate the types of subsidies notified by
WTO Members and to show that the notification mechanism of the SCM Agreement represents a
source of transparency in this sector.
II. NOTIFICATIONS OF FISHERIES RELATED SUBSIDIES
4. As in previous compilations, there are four categories of notifications included in this Note.
The attached four tables include subsidies notifi ed:  (A) to the harvesting sector;  (B) to the
shipbuilding industry;  (C) to the industry engaged in processing and/or sale of wild harvested fish;
and (D) other subsidies related to the fishing industry.WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
Page 2
TABLE A:   TO THE HARVESTING SECTOR
Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
European Communities for Sweden
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.14Aid for Fleet Renewal and
Modernization of FishingVesselsGrant to fishing enterprises To strengthen the structure and to develop economically viable
enterprises in the sector.  Expenditures eligible for aid are:
RSW tanks, safety equipment, selective gear, etc.
Aid for Adjustment ofFishing EffortGrant to fishing enterprises To achieve a sustainable balance between resources and their
exploitation.  Expenditures eligible for aid are:  scrapping;permanent transfer to third country.
Aid for TemporaryCessation of FishingActivitiesGrant to fishing enterprises To achieve sustainable balance between resources and their
exploitation.  Expenditures eligible for aid are:  compensationfor the loss of income associated with a temporary cessationmeasure introduced as a result of unforeseen and non-recurring
circumstances attributable  to biological causes.
Payment of Compensation
to Producers' OrganizationsGrant To grant financial compensation to producers' organizations for
losses when fish has been withdrawn from the market.
Governmental Subsidy forFish-StockingGrant To enhance stocks of eel and salmonids for the commercial
fisheries in coastal and inland waters.
European Communities for Ireland
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.8Sea Fishing - Repayment of
Hydrocarbon Oil and LPG
Excise Duty in the Case of
Sea FishingRepayment of Excise Duty to
sea-fishermen.To assist the sea-fishing industry.
European Community for Ireland
G/SCM/N/60/EEC/Add.8Sea Fishing - Repayment of
Hydrocarbon Oil LPG
Excise Duty in Case of Sea
FishingExcise duty relief to
FishermenTo assist the sea-fishing industry.WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
Page 3Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
Latvia
G/SCM/N/60/LVAFisheries Funds Aid for fisheries, scientific and
research activitiesTo increase and preservation of fish stock.
Support for Development of
Deep-Sea FisheryLoan for fishing in distant waters deep-
sea fishermenTo support the management of deep-sea fishery.
Norway
G/SCM/N/60/NORSupport for Specific
Fisheries
Interest Rate Subsidies for
Fishing Vessels forDomestic Deliveries –Long-Term Financing and
Construction LoansInterest rate subsidy and construction
loan subsidy for the shipownersModernization of fishing vessels.
Support to the
Modernization and CapacityAdjustment of the FishingFleet;  Contract Subsidies
and Decommissioning GrantSubsidy to shipowners Modernization of fishing vessels in combination with fleet
reduction.  The present programme is a combined scheme for
decommissioning and contracting.
Support to Long-lineBaiting FacilitiesThe subsidy is given to members of
organized long-line baiting facilities.
Support for the Formation
of Management Groups in
the Coastal Fleet
(The scheme came to an end
in 1995.)WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
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Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
Slovenia
G/SCM/N/60/SVNSupport for Fisheries Grants, exemptions and relief in the
payment of social securitycontributions, basic research anddevelopment projects, other sources ofaid to fishing companies, other legaland physical person engaged in fishing
activity.To improve stock conservation and management, to strengthen
monitoring of fishing activities, to protect and to develop fishstocks and coastal waters.
European Communities for Spain
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.13Special Economic Aid to
Shipowners Affected by
Stoppage of FishingNon-repayable subsidies to owners of
fishing vessels, through the
collaborating entities, fishing for
cephalopods and trawling for blackhake in the Moroccan fishing grounds.To provide assistance for temporary cessation of activities of
fishing fleets caused by unforeseen and non-repetitive events.
European Communities forRegional Governments in Spain
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.13/Suppl.1
Canary Islands The Modernization or
Restructuring of FishingFleet of the Canary Islandsand Provision of RadioCommunication Facilities
for Boats Engaged in
Inshore FishingNon-repayable subsidy to vessels To promote installation of equipment and facilities together
with certain kinds of work and modifications on boats engagedin inshore fishing.
Murcia Aid for Temporary
Stoppage of Fishing by
Purse-Seine and Trawling
FleetDirect subsidy to owners of fishing
vesselsTo provide aid for temporary stoppage of fishing.
Basque Country Access to Ownership of
Fishing BoatsNon-repayable subsidy to natural and
legal personsTo provide aid for the purchase of fishing boats in service.WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
Page 5Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
Valencia Aid for Temporary
Stoppage of Activity byFishing FleetDirect subsidized premium to owners'
vesselsTo allow resources to recover through biological halts.
Aid to Associations and
Federations of FishermenDirect subsidy To operate control scheme applicable to the common fisheries
policy.
European Communities for the
United Kingdom
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.15Grants Towards the
Acquisition of Freshwater
Fishing Vessels and Engines
(Northern Ireland)Grants To encourage modernization of the freshwater fishing fleet and
to sustain the local boat building industry
The Fish Producers'Organization (Formation
Grants) SchemeGrant to fish producers' organizations To encourage development of recognized organizations and
facilitate their operation in the early years.
Fisheries and Aquaculture
(Wales)Grants To provide matching finance for FIFG-aided fishery products.
European Communities for
Belgium
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.2Aid to Fisheries and
Aquaculture SectorSubsidized interest rates on loans
granted, capital subsidy, loanguarantees to shipowners, fish farmers
and their cooperatives.To promote operations to increase productivity of shipping and
fish farming companies, to ensure their profitability and reduce
costs.
Fishing Vessels - PermanentCessationEU-refunds To achieve a balance between capacity of fishing fleet and
fisheries resources (decommissioning of fishing vessels).
Fishing from Coast (Hauling
Up Vessels)EU-refunds To support  fishing from the coast off North Western Jutland.
Consultancy for Fishery and
AquacultureEU-refunds To help fishermen make economically sound decisions and to
advise them about the Danish and Community structural
measures.WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
Page 6
Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
Modernization of Fishing
Port FacilitiesEU-refunds To modernize and develop fishing port facilities.
Loans to Young Fishermen EU-refunds (loans) To help young fishermen to buy their first vessel or share of a
vessel.
Modernization of Fishing
VesselsEU-refunds To modernize fishing fleet thereby improving efficiency,
quality and utilisation of resources in fishing sector.
European Communities for
Belgium (Flemish Region)
G/SCM/N/60/EEC/Add.2Aid to Fisheries and
Aquaculture SectorInterest rate subsidy, capital subsidy,
loan guarantees to family sea-fishing
enterprises and fish farms and their
cooperatives To ensure profitability and reduce costs.
European Communities for
Denmark
G/SCM/N/60/EEC/Add.3Fishing Vessels - Permanent
CessationEU-refunds To achieve a balance between capacity of fishing fleet and
fisheries resources (decommissioning of fishing vessels).
Fishing from Coast (Hauling
Up Vessels)EU-refunds To support fishing from the coast off North Western Jutland.
Consultancy for Fishery and
AquacultureEU-refunds To help fishermen make economically sound decisions and to
advise them about the Danish and Community structural
measures.
Modernization of Fishing
Port FacilitiesEU-refunds To modernize and develop fishing port facilities.
Loans to Young Fishermen EU-refunds (loans) To help young fishermen to buy their first vessel or share of a
vessel.
Modernization of Fishing
VesselsEU-refunds To modernize the fishing fleet thereby improving efficiency,
quality and utilisation of resources in fishing sector.WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
Page 7Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
European Communities for Sweden
G/SCM/N/60/Add.14Aid for Fleet Renewal and
Modernization of FishingVesselsGrant to fishing enterprises To strengthen structure and to develop economically viable
enterprises in the sector.
Aid for Adjustment ofFishing EffortGrant to fishing enterprises To achieve sustainable balance between resources and their
exploitation.
Investment Aid to FishingPort FacilitiesGrant to local authorities and other
public bodies, fishermen and fishprocessing enterprises connected to
harbours, fishing harbour associationsTo improve and adapt structure in fisheries sector.
Aid for Temporary
Cessation of Fishing
ActivitiesGrant to fishing enterprises To achieve sustainable balance between resources and their
exploitation.
Payment of Compensationto Producers' OrganizationsGrant To grant financial compensation to producers' organizations for
losses when fish has been withdrawn from the market.
Governmental Subsidy for
Fish-StockingGrant To enhance stocks of eel and salmonids for commercial
fisheries in coastal and inland waters.
Japan
G/SCM/N/60/JPN/Suppl.1Fisheries Modernization
Fund Interest SubsidyIn order to facilitate fishermen's
investments in the introduction of more
advanced fishery management, the
prefectural governments provideinterest subsidy to financeorganizations including fisherycooperatives and the Governmentprovides part of the necessary expenses
to the prefectural governments.To contribute to the modernization of fisheries management.WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
Page 8
Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
Fisheries Trust Fund
SubsidyThis programme covers part of
expenses borne by the Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries Trust Fundwhich is necessary for activities of
fisheries mutual relief associations.To contribute to the management of natural disaster
compensation system for fisheries.
Fund for the ProjectsImplemented by RegionalGovernments for Promoting
Sustainable FisheriesSubsidies are provided for sustainable
management of fishery resources,promotion of stock enhancement andaquaculture, restructure of fishing
entities, conservation of coastal
environment and recruitment offishermen are implemented for stablesupply of food.  Subsidies forpromotion of distribution, processingand consumption of fishery products
are implemented for safe and efficient
supply of food.To implement comprehensive programmes for the promotion of
sustainable fisheries, and thereby to ensure stable, safe and
efficient supply of food to the people.
Fund for the ActivitiesImplemented by
Non-GovernmentOrganizations for PromotingSustainable Fisheries.Subsidies are provided for sustainable
management of fishery resources,
promotion of stock enhancement andaquaculture, restructure of fishingentities, conservation of coastalenvironment and recruitment offishermen are implemented for stable
supply of food.  Subsidies for
promotion of distribution, processingand consumption of fishery productsare implemented for safe and efficient
supply of food.To implement comprehensive programmes for the promotion of
sustainable fisheries, and thereby to ensure stable, safe and
efficient supply of food to the people.WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
Page 9Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
Korea
G/SCM/N/60/KORSupport for Development of
Deep-Sea FisheryLoan for fishing in distant waters for
deep-sea fishermenTo support the management of deep-sea fishery.
TABLE B:  TO THE SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY
Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
European Communities for
Portugal
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.12Aid for Shipbuilding and
Ship ConversionDecree Law No. 296/89 provides for
the grant of non-repayable subsidies.Operational assistance for national shipyards leading to joint
participation in shipbuilding or ship conversion costs and
compensation for losses.
European Communities for
Germany
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.6Interest-Rate Grants to
Finance Orders to GermanShipyards (" Werfthilfen ")Grant to shipbuilding companies in the
Federal Republic of Germany.The eighth shipyard assistance programme
(VIII. Werfthilfeprogramm) exists to provide non-repayableinterest-rate grants under the relevant OECD agreementregarding export credits for ships and the relevant EC directives
on shipbuilding subsidies.
European Communities for Finland
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.4Aid for Shipbuilding Grant by the Ministry of Trade and
Industry for shipbuilding and ship
conversionContract-related aid for shipbuilding
European Communities for Italy
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.9Production Aids to
ShipyardsGrant to shipyards To bridge the gap between the prices of the most competitive
EU shipyard and world prices.
European Communities for the
Netherlands
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.11Besluit Subsidies
Zeescheepsnieuwbouw  1994
(Decision order-relatedsubsidies for shipbuilding).Subsidy is given to Dutch shipyards as
a grant related to contracts of seagoing
civil merchant ships.To reduce the effects of competition distortion of other
subsidies provided by other main shipbuilding countries.WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
Page 10
Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
Norway
G/SCM/N/60/NORGrant for Building or
Purchase of Vessels to theCounty of FinnmarkGrant To support the fishing fleet in the Finnmark region.
Construction of Vessels EU-refunds To ensure competitive renewal of fishing fleet.
European Communities for
Belgium (Flemish Region)
G/SCM/N/60/EEC/Add.2Aid for Shipbuilding Direct subsidy, interest subsidy,
guarantees (including investment in
fishing boats)  to shipyardsContinuity of shipbuilding
European Communities for
Denmark
G/SCM/N/60/EEC/Add.3Construction of Vessels EU-refunds To ensure competitive renewal of fishing fleet.WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
Page 11TABLE C:  TO THE INDUSTRY ENGAGED IN PROCESSING AND/OR SALE OF WILD HARVESTED FISH
Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
European Communities for Sweden
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.14Investment Aid for
Processing and MarketingGrant to the processing industry To develop economi cally viable enterprises in the sector and
assist structural improvements.
Expenditures eligible for aid are:  the construction and
acquisition of buildings and installation;  the acquisition of newequipment needed for processing and marketing;  theapplication of new technology;  investments to improve product
quality and to reduce pollution.
European Communities for
Denmark
G/SCM/N/60/EEC/Add.3Aid to Product Development
of Agricultural and Fishery
ProductsEU-refunds (additional subsidies can
be granted if a project concerns
organic production).To promote the development of activity in primary agriculture
and the manufacturing sectors of agriculture and fisheries.
TABLE D:  SUBSIDIES RELATED TO THE FISHING INDUSTRY (F OR EXAMPLE ,  MARKETING, AQUACULTURE)
Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
European Communities for Sweden
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.14Investment Aid for
Protection of Coastal WatersGrant to public institutions or bodies
designated for that purpose by the
competent authorities.To achieve a sustainable balance between resources and their
exploitation.  Expenditures eligible for aid are: investments to
improve water circulation and other habitat conservationmeasures; re-stocking of species of importance for coastalfishing.WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
Page 12
Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
Aid for
Promotion/MarketingGrant to  public bodies, fisheries
interest associations, privatecontractorsTo improve market supply and the value added to fisheries and
aquaculture products.
Expenditures eligible for aid:  consumer surveys and market
studies, promotion campaigns, organization of and participationin trade fairs, consumption advice, services and advice towholesalers and retailers.
Aid to Studies and PilotProjectsGrant to universities, Public and
private institutions, enterprisesTo improve and adapt structures in the fisheries and aquaculture
sector.  Expenditures eligible for aid:  the result of the study orpilot project should be of value for the industry.  Any result
must be published and made accessible to the public.
Investment Aid to
Aquaculture EnterprisesGrant to aquaculture enterprises and
organizations concerned withdevelopment projects within the
aquaculture sectorTo develop economically viable enterprises in the sector and
assist structural improvements.  Expenditures eligible for aid:construction, modernization and acquisition of buildings;investments to improve product quality and to reduce pollution;
acquisition of new plant and machinery.
Investment Aid to Fishing
Port FacilitiesGrant to local authorities and other
public bodies;  to fishermen and fishprocessing enterprises connected to
harbours;  fishing harbour associations.To improve and adapt structure in the fisheries sector.
Expenditures eligible for aid:  investments to improve theconditions under which fishery products are landed, handledand stored;  investments to support fishing vessel activities;
investments to improve safety during the landing or loading of
products.
Aid to Measures Undertakenwithin the CommunityInitiative PescaGrant:  Pesca is designed principally
for areas dependent on fisheries inregions eligible under objective 1,2
and 5(b).The objectives for the Community Initiative Pesca are
stipulated in the Commission's notice to the Member States(94/C 180/01).  Expenditures eligible for aid:  diversification ofactivities in eligible areas;  business services;  maintenance orcreation of jobs;  specific project of a general and/or
transnational nature in the fisheries sectors.WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
Page 13Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
Japan
G/SCM/N/48/JPNGrant for Promotion of
Research and Developmentof Future ShipsGrant for the research and
development on higher technologiesfor ships within a budgetTo promote the research and development of future ships.
Norway
G/SCM/N/60/NORResearch Fishery Legislation under which it is granted
A part of the yearly agreement
between the Government and theNorwegian Fishermen's Association.(In 1997 the aid was granted throughthe ordinary budget of the Ministry of
Fisheries).
European Communities for Spain
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.13Community's Structural
Measures in Fisheries,
Aquaculture and Processing
and Marketing of ProductsThereofIndividual compensatory premiums,
subsidies for  improvement of fishing,
compensatory payments for earlier
retirementTo promote aquaculture, to reorganize and renovate fishing
fleet, to conserve the fishing fleet.
European Communities for Sweden
G/SCM/N/60/EEC/Add.14Aid to Studies and Pilot
ProjectsGrant to universities, public and
private institutions, enterprisesTo improve and adapt structures in the fisheries and aquaculture
sector.
Investment Aid to
Aquaculture EnterprisesGrant to aquaculture enterprises and
organizationsTo reduce pollution (among others).
Investment Aid for
Protection of Coastal WatersGrant to public institutions or bodies To achieve sustainable balance between resources and their
exploitation, to improve water circulation and other habitat
conservation measures, to ensure re-stocking of species of
importance for coastal fishing.
Aid to Measures Undertakenwithin the Community
Initiative PescaGrant to areas dependent on fisheries The objectives are stipulated in the Commission's notice to the
Member States (94/C 180/01).WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
Page 14
Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
European Communities for
Denmark
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.3Public Agricultural and
Fishery Research InstitutionEU-refunds to research institutions To collect account statistics for agriculture, horticulture and
fisheries and conduct research on agricultural and fisherieseconomic conditions, to conduct research within fish andshellfish resources, their environment and their exploitation by
fishing or fish farming.
To consider the effects on environment and to contribute to
efficient and safe propagation of results to users whenresearching, experimenting,  controlling and collecting
knowledge concerning alternative or optimized pest combat
methods.
(Among others).
Aid to Product Development
of Agricultural and Fishery
ProductsEU-refunds (additional subsidies can
be granted if a project concerns
organic production).To promote the development of activity in primary agriculture
and the manufacturing sectors of agriculture and fisheries.
Preretirement of Fishermen EU-refunds To facilitate retirement for vessels owners and fishermen
employed on fishing vessels which are decommissioned with
governmental aid.
PESCA EU-refunds To modernize and restructure fishery sector and to develop
other sectors in regions dependant on fishery sector.
European Communities for the
United Kingdom
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.15Aid to Highlands and
Islands FishermenGrants and loans To maintain and increase employment and incomes in fragile
areas.
Aid to Highlands andIslands Fish Farmers andProcessorsGrants, loans To maintain and increase employment and incomes in fragile
areas.WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
Page 15Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
Grants Towards Fish
Farming (Northern Ireland)Grants To encourage establishment of fish farms and hatcheries which
supply fish for table.
Highland Prospect Limited:Fish Processing and Fish
Farming LoansDiscretionary reduced interest loans to
SMEs trading as fish processing and
fish farms.To assist limited financial capacity, thereby supporting
sustainable regional development opportunities and related
employment, particularly in peripheral locations.
Highland Opportunity
Limited:  Fishing Vessel,
Fish Processing and Fish
Farming LoansDiscretionary reduced interest loans to
SMEs trading as fishing vessels, fish
processing and fish farms.To assist limited financial capacity, thereby supporting
sustainable regional development opportunities and related
employment, particularly in peripheral locations.
Safety Improvements onFishing VesselsGrants To enable applicants to make essential safety improvements.
European Communities for
Belgium
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.2Preretirement of Fishermen EU-refunds To facilitate retirement for vessels owners and fishermen
employed on fishing vessels which are decommissioned with
governmental aid.
PESCA EU-refunds To modernize and restructure fishery sector and to develop
other sectors in regions dependant on the fishery sector.
European Communities
G/SCM/N/60/EECFinancial Instrument of
Fisheries Guidance (FIFG)and PESCA – CommunityInitiative Concerning
Restructuring of Fisheries
SectorAid to fishing fleets, aquaculture,
processing and marketing circuits and
port facilitiesTo contribute to achieving sustainable balance between fishery
resources and their exploitation, to strengthen competitivenessof structures and development of economically viableenterprises in sector, to improve market supply and added value
to fisheries and aquaculture products, to contribute to
revitalization of areas that depend on fisheries.WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2
Page 16
Member and symbol of the
notificationTitle Form and Beneficiaries Objective
Common Market
Organization in Fishery andAquaculture ProductsFinancial compensation, carry-over
aid, autonomous withdrawal and carry-over, private storage aid, compensatorypayment to fishermen belonging to
producers' organizationsTo stabilize market, to ensure regular supply of high-quality
products, to guarantee reasonable consumer prices, to supportfishermen's incomes.
Objective 5a:  Speeding UpAdjustment of Structures inAgriculture and Fisheries inLine with the Reform of the
Common Agricultural
PolicyStructural actions
European Communities for Italy
G/SCM/N/48/EEC/Add.9Home Credit Scheme to
ShipownersInterest Subsidy to shipowners
(equivalent to loans at OECD terms –
according to the understanding onexport credits for ship - OECD CouncilResolution dated 3rd August 1981).To bridge the difference between the Italian financing terms
and standard OECD financing terms.  The shipowner's
subsidies are granted in 17 half-yearly instalments.
Thailand
G/SCM/N/71/THAMerchant Marine Financing Loan.  EXIM Bank extended credit to
entrepreneurs of merchant marinebusiness to buy/renovate their ships,
(new or used).To alleviate the country's deficit on balance of trade and
services;  to strengthen the merchant marine business ofThailand;  to accommodate the export sector with good
shipping facility.
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