WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  IP/C/W/551/Add.6 
25 October 2010 
 
 (10-5550) 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects of  
Intellectual Property Rights Original:   English 
 
 
 
REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 66.2 
OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT 
 
CANADA 
 
Addendum  
  
 The following communication, dated 22 October 2010, is being circulated at the request of 
the delegation of Canada. 
 
_______________ 
 
 
I. INTRODUCTION 
1. Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement requir es "developed country Members to provide 
incentives to enterprises and ins titutions in their territories for the purpose of promoting and 
encouraging technology transfer to least developed c ountry Members in order to enable them to create 
a sound and viable technological base".   
2.  Following the Decision of the TRIPS Counc il of 19 February 2003, developed country 
Members decided to submit annual reports on the actions taken or planned in pursuance of their 
commitments under Article 66.2.  The Members decide d to provide new detailed reports every third 
year and, in the intervening years, provide updates to their most recent reports.  The present note is a 
detailed report which provides info rmation on Canada's activities con cerning technology transfer to 
least developed countries (LDCs).  
3. Prior to the Workshop on Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement held at the WTO, Geneva on 
27 October 2008, LDCs circulated three general ques tions pertaining to technology transfer.  At the 
Workshop Canada answered these questions and co mmitted to enhancing the 2009 report to address 
the concerns articulated by LDCs.  The present upda te to the report will focus on reporting activities 
that are targeted at LDCs rather than developing countries more generally.  In addition, it will report 
on technology transfer specifically, as distinct  from technical cooperation (TRIPS Article 67).  
Consequently, this report has a much na rrower focus than in previous years.  
4. Canada's activities promote technol ogy transfer in the form of:  
 
(i) intellectual property embedded in  transferred goods and services; 
 
(ii) management and business know-how to suppor t production and distribution of goods 
and services;  and  
 
(iii) human capacity building . IP/C/W/551/Add.6 
Page 2  
 
  5. Domestic incentives for the transfer of technology are given for all three forms of technology 
transfer.  A variety of financial and non-financial incentives, (co-financing, loans, insurance, tax 
relief, technical advice, networking and partners hip contacts, and linkages), exist to facilitate 
technology transfer transactions.  Most technolo gy transfer occurs though Official Development 
Assistance (ODA) programmes.   
  
6. Several Canadian Government  departments, agencies and programmes are involved in 
providing incentives, either directly or indirectly, for Canadian enterprises and institutions to engage 
in activities involving technology transfer to de veloping country and LDC WTO Members.  The 
Canadian agencies principally involved in technolog y transfer activities are the Canadian International 
Development Agency (CIDA) and the Internati onal Development Research Centre (IDRC).  A 
number of other government departments, agencies  and programmes, such as Industry Canada, and 
the National Research Council (NRC), also cont ribute significantly to providing incentives for 
technology transfer.  The present document describes the ongoing activities of these bodies. 
7. Canada notes LDC Members' interest in lear ning more about the impact and the functioning 
of developed country Members' technology transfer  programmes.  As a result, a table highlighting 
specific examples of technology transfer to LDCs is presented in an annex following this report. 
II. CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (CIDA) 
8. The Canadian International Deve lopment Agency (CIDA) is the lead organization responsible 
for Canada's Official Developm ent Assistance ( ODA) Programme.  CIDA's aim is to reduce poverty, 
promote human rights, and support sustainable deve lopment.  The technology transfer programmes 
and projects undertaken by CIDA aim to fulfil these wider objectives. 
9. Market-Based Solutions for Improved Livelihoods (2010-2016, new project):   
CAN$10 million.  The project aims to incr ease incomes and improve livelihoods of 10,000 
households by facilitating their participation in va lue chains in agricultural products and rural 
enterprise, and by enhancing their access to bette r production techniques, appropriate technologies, 
improved input supplies, and a ffordable support services, including rural finance.  Technical 
assistance, training, and mentoring is provided to key value chain actors including:  farmers and handicraft textile producers, private sector stake holders that supply inputs and marketing services, 
financial service providers, and government organi zations that provide support services, such as 
agricultural extension, and small and medium en terprise development.  The project is being 
implemented in Ethiopia with a total budget of CAN$10 million. 
10. CIDA's Canadian Partnership Branch (CPB ) contributes to international cooperation 
initiatives designed and delivered by Canadian priv ate- and voluntary-sector organizations, including 
non-governmental organizations, e ducational institutions, professional memberships and associations, 
cooperatives, youth organizations, and companies.  Canadian Partnership Programmes focus primarily 
on supporting north-south partnerships , to promote capacity building of  local civil society and private 
sector entities that can then work locally to attain poverty reducti on and sustainable development.  
Canadian partners funded by CPB also play an im portant role in terms of  public engagement of 
Canadians at large.  The following programmes that pertain to technology transfer which are managed 
by CPB are presented below in sections 11 to 18: 
11. Partnerships With Canadians Branch's Economic  Growth and Environmental Sustainability 
Directorate:  
CIDA's Canadian Partnership Branch's  Economic Growth and Environmental 
Sustainability Directorate supports programmes and pr ojects that promote:  economic growth which is 
effective in achieving poverty reduction (or "pro-poo r growth"), is environmentally sustainable, and 
ensures human well-being through inclusivity and eq uitable access to, control over, and distribution of 
resources and benefits;  and environmental sustaina bility through resilient livelihoods and community  IP/C/W/551/Add.6 
 Page 3 
 
 
  development for the poor (including agriculture fo r increased food security) that promote equitable 
access to, participation in, and benefits from the conservation of ecosystems, biological diversity, and 
natural resources.  Most funding is provided to e ligible Canadian voluntary sector organizations to 
support their programmes and projects in promot ing economic growth in least-developed and 
developing countries, including most countries eligible  for Canadian Official Development Assistance 
(ODA).  A number of these initiatives involve t echnology transfer and development assistance in 
technical and vocational education and training  in developing countries.  For example, the 
Telecommunications Executive Management Institute  of Canada (TEMIC) develops the capacity of 
senior and middle level executives of public a nd private corporations working in the 
telecommunications and the information and commun ication technology (ICT) sectors of developing 
and emerging economies. 
12. Canadian Urban Institute - Interna tional Urban Partnerships Programme (2010-2013,  new 
project ):  CAN$3.5 million.  The programme aims to improve citizens' quality of life by improving 
urban management and national and local policies.   It contributes to reducing poverty through 
initiatives that address the environmental and social impacts of rapid urbanisation, while promoting 
the adoption of good governance practices.  The pr ogramme facilitates the transfer of innovative 
solutions for urban sustainability between developi ng countries, at both the institutional and peer 
levels, thereby strengthening professional relationships  that promote learning.  This transfer of 
innovative solutions leads to building a body of knowledge about sustainable economic growth and 
the development of southern urban regions. 
13. Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development (2009-2013, ongoing project):  This project 
aims to improve the livelihood of individuals liv ing in marginalized communities by building their 
capacity to participate in private sector development.   The project uses a train-the-trainer approach.  
Thirty interns (recent college or university graduat es) are selected and trained to deliver two training 
programmes (ReachUp! and StartUp!) to 3,000 comm unity participants.  They teach practical 
knowledge about job readiness, entrepreneurship, and the income-generating potential of information 
and communications technologies (ICTs), through a combination of experiential learning, locally 
relevant curricula, and a programme of advisory su pport.  The project is being implemented in 11 
developing countries, 2 of which ar e LDCs (Rwanda and Ethiopia).  
14. Skills Training for Youth Employment Programme ( 2010-2015,  new project ):  
CAN$3.6 million.  The project aims to increase vocational training for 1,200 youth with little or no 
schooling (30% girls) in Haiti, Mali and Benin th rough on-the-job vocational training.  Training is 
provided by 115 master-craftspersons (20% women) in their own shops using a competency-based 
approach.  Activities support the young trainees' integr ation into the labour market in order to reduce 
unemployment and poverty, and to allow them to participate in the economic development of their 
regions.  The project is being impl emented in Haiti, Benin, and Mali.  
15. The Education for Employment Programme (EFE) (2008-2012, ongoing project) :  T h i s  
programme falls under the Canadian Partnership Branch's Economic Growth and Environmental 
Sustainability Directorate.  It aims to develop the capacity of local stakeholders and training institutions to design and deliver strong technical and vocational training systems to build a skilled 
and qualified workforce to meet the needs of the labour market.  EFE promotes technology and 
knowledge transfer, and builds capacity through activ ities such as curriculum reform, development of 
training programmes, advisory services, teacher trai ning, and employment training.  The programme, 
which is open to all Canadian community colleges, CÉGEPs (C ollèges d'enseignement général et 
professionnel ), and technical institutes, is being impl emented by the Association of Canadian 
Community Colleges (ACCC);  the umbrella organization for Canadian colleges, CÉGEPs and institutes offering technical and vocational educati on and training.  Funding to the EFE programme in 
its first year of 2008-2009 was CAN$500,000.  Th e overall CIDA contribution to the programme is IP/C/W/551/Add.6 
Page 4  
 
  up to CAN$20 million from 2008 to 2012.  The prog ramme operates in many developing countries, 
notably in Tanzania, Senegal, and Mozam bique, all three of which are LDCs.   
16. The Canadian College Partnership Programme (CCPP) (2006-2011, ongoing project):  The 
Canadian College Partnership Pr ogramme (CCPP) is a mechanis m through which Canada supports 
and provides funding for partnership activities betw een Canadian and developing country education 
responsible for educating and/or training the co untry's human resources.  CCPP projects promote 
technology and knowledge transfer, and increase th e capacity of developing country education and 
training organizations to address their country's sustainable development priorities through the provision of technical advisory services, training programmes and capacity building initiatives.  The 
programme is managed by the Association of Ca nadian Community Colleges (ACCC), and Canadian 
community colleges, CÉGEPs, and technical institut es are eligible to design and implement projects 
under the CCPP in collaboration with their devel oping-country partners.  Developing countries 
eligible for Canadian Official Development Assist ance are eligible to receive support under CCPP.  
Also, programme criteria ensure that 50% of the projects should benefit mainly African countries.  Funding to the CCPP programme in 2008-2009 was CAN$7,100,999, of which 52% (30 projects) 
were implemented in LDCs. 
17. University Partnerships in Cooperati on and Development Programme (UPCD)  (2009-2013, 
ongoing project):  CIDA's Canadian Partnership Branch has launched regular competitions and 
funded numerous projects aimed at enhancing the cap acity of southern educational institutions.  CPB 
has worked in close collaborati on with the Association of Univ ersities and Colleges of Canada 
(AUCC) in implementing initiatives such as the University Partnerships in Cooperation and 
Development (UPCD) Programme.  The UPCD is  one of the mechanisms through which CIDA 
supports collaborations with deve loping-country education and tr aining organizations, aimed at 
building academic capacity for promoting sustainable development.  Projects supported by the UPCD on a cost-shared basis are designed and implemented jointly by Canadian universities and their least-
developed and developing-c ountry partner institutions.  LDCs are eligible for the programme and the 
programme criteria ensure that 50% of the projects should benefit mainly African countries, where the 
majority of LDCs are located.  Funding to the UPCD Programme will be approximately CAN$15 million in 2009-2010.  The fina l phase of the UPCD will end in 2013. 
18. The International Youth Internship Programme (IYIP)  (ongoing project) :  The International 
Youth Internship Programme (IYIP)  is a programme for Canadian gr aduates (ages 19 to 30 inclusive), 
part of the Career Focus stream of the Government  of Canada's Youth Employment Strategy (YES).  
Canada's YES provides Canadian youth with tool s and experience they need to launch successful 
careers.  CIDA funds selected Canadian partner or ganizations (CPOs) to deliver IYIP projects in 
accordance with agreed administrative and financ ial procedures.  The CPOs include Canadian 
professional associations;  Canadian educationa l institutions;  Canadian non-governmental 
organizations;  and private Canadian companies.  Fu nding is provided for a variety of costs related to 
the internship, including travel, liv ing allowance, and administrative costs.  CIDA allocates up to  
CAN$15,000 per internship to Canadi an partner organizations.  Selected  Canadian partners work with 
overseas partner organizations to design, deliv er and monitor internships supporting local 
development projects that reflect CIDA's priority sect ors.  Interns are recruited by the CPOs to carry 
out the development-related activities identified in a work plan established by all parties.  IYIP's 
annual budget is CAN$5.9 million.  In the past, inte rns have been placed in many LDCs including 
Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Leso tho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, 
Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Ug anda, and Zambia.  The programme  has also funded internship 
projects in Ethiopia and Laos, (which are seeking to  join the WTO).  In many cases the IYIP within 
the LDCs facilitates technology transfer.  IP/C/W/551/Add.6 
 Page 5 
 
 
  19. CIDA also supports research and technology transfer in some of its projects in LDCs through 
its bilateral programming.  The following programme s exemplify CIDA's bilateral technology transfer 
initiatives: 
20. Water harvesting and institutional strengthening in Amhara  (2005-2011, ongoing project) :  
CIDA is funding a project in the regional state of Am hara in Ethiopia implemented by a consortium of 
Canadian organizations led by Hydrosult Inc.  The goal of the project is to increase the capacity of the 
Amhara regional government institu tions and farmer associations  to develop and promote the 
sustainable use of water for irrigation and impr oved agricultural production.  In 2008/09, CIDA 
provided CAN$2,429,036 to this project.  
21. Biosciences eastern and central Africa (BecA) project  (2004-2010, ongoing project) :  CIDA 
continued providing support for the Bioscience s eastern and central Africa project through the 
Canada Fund for Africa .  The project has two major priorities:  1) establish a centre of excellence in 
biosciences for agriculture, serving as a focal point  for eastern and central African scientists to 
develop the capacity to conduct advanced biosci ences research programmes on priority issues 
affecting Africa's development;  and 2) provide seed funding for the establishment of three other 
centres of excellence in the other NEPAD regions (N orth, South and West Africa).  BecA will support 
African countries to develop and apply bioscience re search and expertise to produce technologies that 
help resource-poor farmers, especially women and youth, secure their assets, improve their 
productivity and income and increase their market opportunities.  The amount budgeted for the entire 
BecA project is CAN$30 million broken down as follows:  CAN$4.5 million for Phase I, the Design Phase (2004-2006);  and CAN$25.5 million for Phase II, the Implementation Phase (2007-2009).  
BecA benefits the following LCD WTO Members:  Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, 
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Ma dagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, 
Uganda, and Zambia.  (It also targets Ethiopia, Eq uatorial Guinea, and Sao Tome and Principe, which 
are seeking to join the WTO). 
22. Finally, CIDA supports multilateral programmi ng involving technology transfer.  One 
example is the Global Gas Flaring Reduction partne rship (GGFR), a public-private partnership housed 
at the World Bank, which assists governments and comp anies in their efforts to reduce the amount of 
gas flared or vented around the world.  CIDA participation in the partnership involves collaboration 
with the Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB), formerly the Alberta Energy and Utilities 
Board, which has served as a Steering Comm ittee member since 2002.  CIDA has provided 
CAN$1.4 million to the initiative since joining in  2004.  The initiative remains ongoing;  CIDA has 
committed funds towards the GGFR through to June 2011. 
III. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE (IDRC) 
23. IDRC is a Canadian Crown corporation mandate d to initiate, encourage, support and conduct 
research into the problems of deve loping regions of the world and th e means of applying and adapting 
scientific, technical and other knowledge to the econom ic and social advancem ent of those regions.  
IDRC has been promoting technologies for managing and sharing technology for the past 39 years 
through funding partnerships with other donors, including those from the private sector.   
24. IDRC's policy is to promote the creation and retention of knowledge and technology in the 
developing countries in which it works.  The vast majo rity of IDRC's recipients of research funding 
are in the developing world, including least-developed countries;  the funding recipients retain 
copyright to the product of their work funded by IDRC.  IDRC also promotes the dissemination of research results to other communities in the devel oping and least-developed world by retaining some 
dissemination rights and by encouraging wide dissemination by the recipients.  IDRC enters into 
numerous agreements for the development of soft ware in the developing and least-developed world 
on an open source basis.   IP/C/W/551/Add.6 
Page 6  
 
  25. For technology transfer, IDRC supports research in least developed countries to promote 
growth and development.  It does so using a "grants-plus" approach that combines financial support to 
create new opportunities for research, engagement with recipients in the research process, and 
brokering that helps strengthen research-to-policy linkages.  These activities assist least developed 
countries to develop their own technologies, adapt existing technologies to their needs, and increase 
their know-how to manage research.   
26. During 2010, IDRC support in least developed countries included:  strengthening Rwanda's 
health and education information network;  appl ication of participatory geographic information 
systems in Senegal;  research in Haiti to iden tify and overcome barriers to increasing immunization 
rates;  work with the Association of African Un iversities and the government of Burkina Faso to 
improve research management;  and support for th e Ethiopian Development Research Institute, the 
Cambodian Development Research Forum, and the A frican Technology Policy Studies in Tanzania.  
Further details on IDRC projects are sear chable online via http://idris.idrc.ca
. 
27. IDRC is involved in many different projects wh ich fall under different programmes.  These 
programmes, with a respective project example are presented below: 
28. Agriculture & Environment  - Better agricultural practices and a healthy environment 
contribute to human developmen t and economic growth.  This programme supports research to 
increase agricultural productivity and food secur ity, improve human health through a clean 
environment, adapt to the effects of climat e change, and understand th e economic aspect of 
environmental challenges.   
29. Research for Health Equity  - Research can save lives by providing evidence on the local 
burden of disease, understanding how to apply new discoveries and technologies, and monitoring the 
effectiveness of health care.  This programme a ddresses problems in the developing world related to 
improving access to health care;  enhancing health  information systems, and controlling chronic 
diseases.   
30. Innovation, Policy and Science  - Access to information and the use of new technologies can 
promote growth and reduce poverty.  This progra mme addresses problems related to how science and 
innovation are applied in developing countries, such as how granting councils and universities can 
address the needs of the poor;  and how informa tion and communication technologies contribute to 
social innovation and change.   
31. Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D ):  IDRC has a long-
standing commitment to advancing the role of inform ation transfer in development.  A tradition of 
innovation that began with an em phasis on building databases and information systems has evolved 
into a focus on the transformative nature of in formation and communicati on technologies (ICTs).  
IDRC was one of the first development agencies to embrace ICTs as a key means of fostering development and alleviating po verty, and its Information and Communication Technologies for 
Development Programme Area supports a number of complementary initiatives.  IDRC continues to 
sponsor the major undertaking of the Communities and ICTs for Africa (Acacia) programme with a 
view to empowering African communities with an ability to apply ICTs to their own social and economic development.  IDRC, through its programmi ng in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), 
has supported technological development, with a part icular emphasis on e-government applications in 
the Caribbean (see project example in the following annex).  Although this programme does not target 
LDCs at present, the programme's  coverage may be extended as it de velops.  IDRC has also promoted 
the transfer of digital content and applications  through some of its initiatives, such as the Latin 
American Network of National Educational Portals.  By promoting public access to ICTs for poor communities around the world, telecentre.org at IDRC makes e-health benefits available to 
marginalized populations and promotes and explores new, creative uses for ICTs in health based on  IP/C/W/551/Add.6 
 Page 7 
 
 
  the needs and capacities of developing countries.  IDRC has developed a res earch network exploring 
the best possible means to adopt e-health applica tions in Asia, through systematic research on the 
health outcomes associated to e- health interventions.  Moreover, IDRC is supporting the development 
of innovation and research and de velopment in ICTs in Asia th rough a small grants programme 
entitled Information Society Innovation Fund (ISIF). 
32. Innovation, Policy and Science (IPS ):  IDRC has supported research on science and 
technology (S&T) and innovation policy issues since its  creation.  The Innovation, Policy and Science 
(IPS) programme area carries on this work, focusing on improving understanding of innovation 
processes and systems in developing countries, strengt hening research in support of S&T policies, and 
enhancing social inclusion and multi-stakeholder part icipation in decision-maki ng related to S&T.  To 
carry on its work in supporting the development of science, technology and innovation policies to 
alleviate poverty in developing countries, IPS f unds research on governance, public understanding, 
access and benefits associated with new tec hnologies like biotechnology and nanotechnology.  IPS 
also serves as a platform with in IDRC to ensure that Canadian research and science policy 
communities maintain international cooperation and development as important priorities for Canada's 
research efforts.  To carry on this task, IPS oversees strategic directions for the IDRC Research 
Partnerships Challenge Fund, created to strengthe n research partnerships between developing-country 
scientists and Canadian researchers.  
33. Environment and Natural Resources Management (ENRM):  Through its Environment and 
Natural Resource Management (ENRM) Programme  Area, IDRC supports research that focuses on 
the sustainable use and management of environmen t and natural resources, stressing the involvement 
of local communities, with a view to enhance f ood and water security, human health and livelihoods, 
and bridging the gap between community-based resource management and policy-making.  Key 
objectives include improving the governance of common pool resources to reduce vulnerability, 
enhance assets, and legitimize the rights of all,  particularly the rural poor, to essential natural 
resources;  understanding the social and ecologi cal context of human health and well-being and 
building a community of practice in this field;  reducing environmental burde ns on the urban poor and 
enhancing the use of natural resources for food, wa ter, and income security ;  and building capacities 
on environmental policy analysis.  A strategic co mponent of the programme is to strengthen the 
linkages between research, policy and its implementati on to ensure that concrete results generated at 
various scales by programme activities are translat ed into action by municipal, national and 
international authorities and other stakeholders invol ved in sustainable development.  To this aim, 
projects may integrate aspects of technology transfer.  For example, the Development and 
Commoditization of Prefabricated Engineered Bamb oo Housing in Africa Programme, aims to test 
and assess bamboo, as an eco-friendly, low-cost build ing material to meet urgent housing needs for 
the poor in Africa.  In Ethiopia, the project will support research, technology transfer, capacity building, networking and innovative  design strategies to set up pre-processing and production centres 
producing prefabricated bamboo-based houses.  It will also build local capacities in Uganda and 
Kenya to build conventional bamboo housing systems.   This project is South-South cooperation not 
involving Canadian firms.  This project will endeavour to transfer new bamboo-based prefabricated housing technology from China and India to East Africa.     
IV. INDUSTRY CANADA 
34. Industry Canada's Communications Research  Centre Canada (CRC) is the federal 
government's primary laboratory for research and de velopment in advanced telecommunications and a 
centre of excellence in information and communi cations technologies.  It is the only national 
laboratory with expertise across the four major plat forms that form the basic back bone for modern 
communications across Canada:  wireless, br oadcasting, satellite and fibre optics.   IP/C/W/551/Add.6 
Page 8  
 
  35. Industry Canada sponsors several programmes for the transfer of this communications 
technology by Canadian institutions and enterprises to LDCs.  In the field of telecommunications, 
Industry Canada promotes global connectivity a nd inter-operability of broadband networks, 
applications and services (e.g. telehealth and telel earning).  This work aims to improve the domestic 
and international investment climate in order to  create incentives to global markets, including 
developing country Members and LDCs, by spurring  companies to make their products and services 
export-ready.  It also supports international collaboration for Ca nadian research institutions in 
emerging areas such as electronic commerce, genomics, environmental technologies and advanced engineering. 
36. The Broadband Applications and Demonstra tion Laboratory (BADLAB) is a CRC facility, 
which is used to test new broadband applications  and services over a variety of telecommunications 
networks across Canada and the world.  As a ma jor Canadian research organization working in the 
area of future communications systems, CRC develops  and maintains expertise in broadband systems 
in order to provide advice on important national initiatives such as the Information Highway, and also to demonstrate the application of CRC technologi es in a real operational network environment.  
BADLAB is a principal node on CA*net 4, Canada's Research and Innovation Network. 
37. As a result of its research and development pr ogrammes, CRC holds an extensive intellectual 
property portfolio consisting of approximately 240 patents representing some 90 technologies in the 
communications field.  These proprietary technologies are licensed to both Canadian and international companies for commercial use.  In  addition, CRC runs a small business incubator for 
high technology start ups.  The CRC Innovation Centre is dedicated to assisting small Canadian start 
ups in their formative years, offering expertise, t echnology and laboratory facilities.  The programme 
is run on a cost-recovery basis for qualified candi dates.  Over the last decade, CRC has had an 
ongoing R&D relationship with the Centre for De velopment of Telematics (C-DOT) in India. 
Originally sponsored by CIDA in 1999 to collabora te in monolithic microwave integrated circuit 
(MMIC) chip development for radio frequency (R F) components and subsystems, and microstrip 
patch antenna designs, CRC and C- DOT have continued to work in more recent years on wireless 
communications systems development for enhanced infrastructure of broadband delivery in rural 
India. 
38. Industry Canada has organized seminars a nd workshops on ICT/telecommunication policy 
and regulatory issues, hosted incoming study missions, and fostered discussion on viable pro-competitive regulatory options and the developmen t of telecommunications and ICTs through its 
work in the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperati on Telecommunications and Information Working 
Group (APEC TEL) and in the Inter-American Tele communications Commission (CITEL).  In 2009 
the International Telecommunications Policy & C oordination Directorate (DIT) hosted a delegation 
from China.  A delegation from the Ministry of  Industry and Information Technologies (MIIT)  of the 
People's Republic of China visited Ottawa  in October 2009 to exchange views on 
telecommunication user's rights and the framework  and process for the resolution of consumer 
complaints relating to telecommunication services in Canada.   
39. Another Industry Canada involvement in technolog y transfer is in the technical integrity and 
quality of the engineering planning, which is the basis for the orderly regulations, management and 
exploitation of the radio frequency spectrum.  Thus , Industry Canada is responsible for the technical 
and strategic planning which underpins Canadi an telecommunication regulations, testing, 
certification, and accreditation procedures.  It is  also responsible for in ternational negotiations, 
treaties, agreements and arrangements and coordi nation associated with its spectrum management 
obligations.  Its goal is to promote Canadian spectrum management technologies and know-how 
through technology transfer activitie s through Canadian private-sector partners.  In addition, Industry 
Canada is leading negotiations of mutual recognition agreements on telecommunication equipment.     IP/C/W/551/Add.6 
 Page 9 
 
 
  V. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (NRC)  
40. The National Research Council's Industrial Research Assistance Programme (IRAP) 
encourages and supports Canadian small and me dium-sized entities to develop international 
technology-based partnerships with both deve loped and less developed economies.  IRAP, in 
partnership with Canada's Depart ment of Foreign Affairs and Inte rnational Trade, supports group 
missions to explore opportunities for partnerships.  IRAP also carries out activities independently and 
with other partners.  In addition to group missions , IRAP is involved with individual companies, 
sectors and competitive technical intelligence. 
VI MULTILATERAL ACTIVITIES 
41. At the multilateral level, Canada continues to  actively contribute to many international 
institutions which, in turn, provide incentives for technology transfer to developing country Members 
and LDCs.  In this respect, Canada's continuing contribution to the WTO's technical assistance fund, 
the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Ba nk, the African Development Bank and the Asia 
Development Bank all help to encourage the transf er of technology.  Canada also supports sector-
specific programming notably through the Consultati ve Group on International Agricultural Research 
(CGIAR), and the World Bank's Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP). 
42. Canada participates in the WTO Working Group on Trade and Transfer of Technology 
(WGTTT), established in 2002 as part of the Doha Development Round.  Cana da supports the efforts 
of the Working Group to help WTO Members identify ways to increase the transfer and absorption of 
technology through trade, investment and the provision of technical assistance.  
  IP/C/W/551/Add.6 
Page 10 ANNEX 
  The following chart presents some project and programme examples undertaken by the pr inciple Canadian agencies involved in tec hnology transfer 
activities, the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and the International Developmen t Research Centre (IDRC).  The  following chart is not an 
exhaustive list of programmes and projects undertaken by Canadian agencies, but rather serves to exemplify the institutions and  enterprises that transfer physical 
capital and goods, know-how, informati on, and data to LDCs.  This chart has been developed to show certa in criteria as requeste d by LDCs at the 
27 October 2008 Workshop on Article 66.2.  It  reveals Canada's conceptualization of t echnology transfer and illustrates the Can adian initiatives that are specific 
to LDCs. 
 
 
CANADA:  EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGY T RANSFER PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS 
 
Project  Duration Objective Transferor Transferee Field or sector 
of technology Type of 
technology 
transfer Mode of 
technology 
transfer Relation to IP 
 
I.  CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AG ENCY'S (CIDA) BILATERAL PROGRAMMES: 
 
Market-Based 
Solutions for 
Improved Livelihoods 2010 - 2016 Increase incomes 
and improve 
livelihoods by focusing on 
viable and high 
potential value chains in 
agricultural 
products and rural enterprise 
and enhancing 
their access to better production 
techniques, 
appropriate 
technologies, 
improved input supplies, and 
affordable 
support services, including rural 
finance Mennonite 
Economic 
Development Associates  
 
 N/A Agricultural 
services  
 Agricultural 
financial services 
 Small and 
medium-sized 
enterprises (SME) 
development  
 Cottage 
industries and 
handicrafts 
 Market 
development 
models to link value chain 
actors to higher 
value markets and the design 
and delivery of 
capacity building programmes to 
enable service 
providers and financial 
institutions to 
deliver support 
to clients on a 
sustainable basis Capacity 
building through 
technical assistance, 
training and 
mentoring   
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CANADA:  EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGY T RANSFER PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS 
 
Project  Duration Objective Transferor Transferee Field or sector 
of technology Type of 
technology 
transfer Mode of 
technology 
transfer Relation to IP 
Water Harvesting 
and Institutional Strengthening in 
Amhara 2005 - 2011 To increase the 
food security of poor male and 
female farmers 
through 
improved water 
management A consortium 
comprised of Hydrosult Inc, 
Agrodev Canada 
Inc and Oxfam 
Canada Ethiopia – 
Amhara Region Bureau of 
Agriculture and 
Rural Devt. 
(BoARD);  
Amhara Region Agricultural 
Research 
Institute (ARARI) 
 Sustainable 
water harvesting and the use of 
water for 
irrigated 
agricultural 
production Expertise and 
know-how required to plan, 
design, 
implement 
sustainable water 
management Capacity 
building:  training,  
demonstration, 
accompaniment  
Bio-Sciences 
Eastern and Central Africa 
(BecA)  2004 - 2010 Joint venture of 
regional research partners linked 
to the global 
research community with 
the aim to 
employ modern biosciences to 
improve 
agriculture in Eastern and 
Central Africa The Government 
of Canada through the 
Canadian 
International Development 
Agency (CIDA) International 
Livestock Research 
Institute – Kenya 
(ILRI) and NEPAD African 
Biosciences 
Initiative Networks, 
especially 
BecANet-  Biosciences 
eastern and 
central Africa   Biosciences for 
Agriculture, health and the 
environment  Biosciences 
related equipment, 
production skills, 
expertise, blueprints, 
management 
know-how in relation to create 
a Centre of 
excellence for biosciences in 
Africa and 
related networks;  
Specific areas of 
technology transfer are Bio-
informatics, 
Diagnostics, Genomics/Genet
ics, Gene 
Sequencing, Genetic 
Engineering, 
Molecular Joint venture 
research;  technical 
training;  
Mobility of skilled 
individuals;  
Capacity building through 
post graduate 
study;  scientific exchanges  The  
technology  was  
transferred 
free  of 
Intellectual 
Property Rights (IPRs).  
  IP/C/W/551/Add.6 
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CANADA:  EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGY T RANSFER PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS 
 
Project  Duration Objective Transferor Transferee Field or sector 
of technology Type of 
technology 
transfer Mode of 
technology 
transfer Relation to IP 
Breeding, RNAi, 
Tissue Culture, Proteomics, 
Vaccine 
Technology, 
Immunology, 
Disease Vectors (e.g. ticks) 
 
 
II.  CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY'S (CIDA) CA NADIAN PARTNERSHIP BRANCH (CPB) PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS: 
 
 
i.  Voluntary Sector Fund example: 
 
Entrepreneurship 
and Enterprise 
Development (in Rwanda & 
Ethiopia)  2009 - 2013 Improve the 
livelihood of 
individuals living in 
marginalized 
communities by building their 
capacity to 
participate in private sector 
development Digital 
Opportunity 
Trust  Digital 
Opportunity 
Trust Information and 
Communication 
Technology (ICT) 
 
Business Support Services and 
institutions Practical 
knowledge about 
job readiness, entrepreneurship 
and the income-
generating potential of 
information and 
communications technologies 
(ICTs) 
  
 
  
 Train-the-trainer 
approach 
 Experiential 
learning, locally 
relevant curricula, and a 
programme of 
advisory support   
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CANADA:  EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGY T RANSFER PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS 
 
Project  Duration Objective Transferor Transferee Field or sector 
of technology Type of 
technology 
transfer Mode of 
technology 
transfer Relation to IP 
ii.  Cooperation and Education Fund examples:   
Canadian Urban 
Institute - International 
Urban 
Partnerships 
Programme 2010-
2013 2010 - 2013 To advance 
sustainable economic growth 
and development 
of urban regions 
in partner 
countries consistent with 
their national 
development agendas The Canadian 
Urban Institute and The 
Government of 
Canada through 
the Canadian 
International Development 
Agency (CIDA) The Canadian 
Urban Institute – Ethiopia Private sector 
Development  
Improving Urban 
Management and 
National and 
Local Policies Innovative 
Solutions for Urban 
Sustainability Strengthening 
the skills of partners and 
local 
stakeholders 
 
Technical advice  
Skills Training for 
Youth Employment 
Programme 2010 – 2015 Increase 
vocational 
training for 1,200 youth with 
little or no 
schooling (30% girls) in Haiti, 
Mali and Benin Fondation Paul 
Gérin-Lajoie  Four local 
partner NGOs Private Sector 
Development 
 Vocational 
Training On-the-Job 
Vocational 
Training   
Integration into 
the Labour Market Capacity 
building, 
coaching, and provision of 
equipment 
 Using a 
competency-
based approach  
 
iii.  Economic Growth and Environmental Susta inability Directorate Programme (EGES) example: 
 
Capacity Building 
in the Information 
and 
Communication Technology  (ICT) 
sector. 
 2007-2012 
 Support capacity 
building of local 
and regional 
organizations through the 
training of senior 
managers working in the  
ICT sector  
 Telecommunica-
tions Executive 
Management 
Institute of Canada 
(TEMIC) Policy-Makers, 
Regulators and 
Operators of 
Local  and Regional 
organizations in 
the ICT sector Telecommmuni-
cations Transfer of 
skills, 
knowledge and 
expertise. Technical 
training, 
curriculum 
development, teacher training 
and technical 
advisory services   
  IP/C/W/551/Add.6 
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CANADA:  EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGY T RANSFER PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS 
 
Project  Duration Objective Transferor Transferee Field or sector 
of technology Type of 
technology 
transfer Mode of 
technology 
transfer Relation to IP 
iv.  Canadian College Partnership Program (CCPP) examples: 
 
Sustainable Rice 
Fish Integration 
(CCPP Program) 
 
 2006-2011 To enhance the 
skills and 
knowledge of 
sustainable rice 
fish integration and increase 
food security 
among rural farmers. Fisheries and 
Marine Institute 
Memorial 
University  
 Prek Leap 
National School 
of Agriculture 
(PNSA) 
(Phnom Penh Cambodia) Agriculture 
  
Fisheries Transfer of 
skills, 
knowledge and 
expertise.  
 Technical 
training, 
curriculum 
development, 
teacher training and technical 
advisory 
services.  
 
Renouveau agronomique 
(CCPP Program) 
 
 
 2005-2010 To develop 
educational 
training program in agriculture 
and environment  Alfred College, 
Guelph 
University  Institut 
universitaire des 
sciences agronomiques et 
de 
l’environnement de Sarh Chad  Agriculture 
 
Environnent Transfer of 
skills, 
knowledge and expertise. Technical 
training, 
curriculum and pedagogical 
resource 
development and teacher training.  
Education for 
Employment  
(Senegal, 
Mozambique and Tanzania)  2008-2012 Support private 
sector 
development 
through workforce 
training and 
micro-enterprise support in 
sectors of the 
economy where 
there is a lack of 
qualified workers and 
entrepreneurs Canadian 
colleges, 
CÉGEPs, and 
technical institutes Related 
government 
ministries, 
economic sectoral 
enterprises and 
technical and vocational 
education 
training 
institutions   Senegal: 
building and 
public works, 
marine and port activities, 
agrifood industry 
 Mozambique: 
construction, 
mining, fisheries 
and tourism 
 Tanzania: 
agriculture, 
mining and tourism 
 Transfer of 
Skills, 
Knowledge and 
Expertise Curriculum 
reform, 
development of 
training programs, 
advisory 
services, teacher training, 
employment 
training.    
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CANADA:  EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGY T RANSFER PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS 
 
Project  Duration Objective Transferor Transferee Field or sector 
of technology Type of 
technology 
transfer Mode of 
technology 
transfer Relation to IP 
University 
Partnerships in Cooperation and 
Development 
Program (UPCD) 2009-2013 The UPCD is 
one of the mechanisms 
through which 
CIDA supports 
collaborations 
with developing-country 
education and 
training organizations, 
aimed at 
building academic 
capacity for 
promoting sustainable 
development.   works in close 
collaboration with the 
Association of 
Universities and 
Colleges of 
Canada (AUCC) Projects 
supported by the UPCD on a cost-
shared basis are 
designed and 
implemented 
jointly by Canadian 
universities and 
their least-developed and 
developing-
country partner institutions Sustainable 
Development   (African country 
focus)  Transfer of 
Skills, Knowledge and 
Expertise Capacity 
Building  (academic) 
 
collaboration 
with developing-
country education and 
training 
organizations     
 
v.  International Youth Intern ship Programme (IYIP) examples: 
 
IYIP - Water for 
Life Programme  2007-2008 Transfer of 
BioSand Water 
Filter (BSF) technology 
project, in Kenya 
 Samaritan's 
Purse Canada Samaritan's 
Purse Kenya, 
Brazil, Cambodia, 
Niger, Malawi Improving 
Health (access to 
safe drinking water and basic 
sanitation) Transfer of 
Skills Community 
workshops and 
technical training  
IYIP – no title 2007-2008 Technical and 
administrative 
support training medical 
laboratory 
students in Rwanda 
 
  Coady 
International 
Institute Kigali Health 
Institute, 
Rwanda Health Transfer of 
Skills Technical 
training and 
technical advisory services   
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Page 16  
CANADA:  EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGY T RANSFER PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS 
 
Project  Duration Objective Transferor Transferee Field or sector 
of technology Type of 
technology 
transfer Mode of 
technology 
transfer Relation to IP 
 
III.  INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CE NTRE (IDRC) PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS: 
 
 
i.  Information and Communication T echnologies for Development (ICT4D): 
 
E-Government 
Caribbean Pilot 
Project December 
2007 to June 
2009  Caribbean 
countries are 
increasingly adopting 
information and 
communication technologies 
(ICTs) in the 
process of modernizing 
their public 
sectors.  In 2003, 
the Jamaican 
Customs Authority 
successfully 
deployed its Customs 
Automated 
Services (CASE) solution, 
attracting the 
attention of neighbouring 
countries and the 
international donor 
community 
alike.  The Government of 
Jamaica is This is South-
South 
collaboration (not involving 
Canadian firms) 
and transfer of technology, in 
which the 
Government of Jamaica, through 
Fiscal Services 
Limited, and the 
Caribbean 
Centre for Development 
Administration 
(CARICAD) are working together 
to make this tool 
available to the like-minded 
Government 
agencies of Antigua and 
Barbuda, and 
Grenada.  Caribbean 
countries 
(Antigua and Barbuda, and 
Grenada) but 
may be extended to other 
developing 
countries and LDCs as the 
programme 
develops. ICTs  
 
Business and Management 
Know-How  
 Operational 
Processes  
 A customized 
automated 
service related to customs 
modernization to 
re-engineer customs 
operational 
processes and the development 
of new 
technology 
infrastructure, 
computer systems, and 
software 
applications to support these 
processes Knowledge 
dissemination 
and exchange software testing 
training 
implementation and 
installation 
services    
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CANADA:  EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGY T RANSFER PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS 
 
Project  Duration Objective Transferor Transferee Field or sector 
of technology Type of 
technology 
transfer Mode of 
technology 
transfer Relation to IP 
willing to donate 
the solution to other countries 
in the region.  
 
 
ii.  Environment and Natural Resources Management (ENRM)  
 
Development and 
Commoditiza-tion 
of Prefabricated 
Engineered Bamboo Housing 
in Africa  March 2009 
to July 2011 The research's 
overall goal is to 
test and assess 
bamboo, as an eco-friendly, 
low-cost 
building material to meet urgent 
housing needs 
for the poor in Africa.  In 
Ethiopia, the 
project will support research, 
technology 
transfer, capacity building, 
networking and 
innovative 
design strategies 
to set up pre-processing and 
production 
centres producing 
prefabricated 
bamboo-based houses.  It will 
also build local This project is 
South-South 
cooperation not 
involving Canadian firms.  
This project will 
endeavour to transfer new 
bamboo-based 
prefabricated housing 
technology from 
China and India to East Africa.  
 Micro and Small 
Business 
Development 
Agency (FEMSEDA) - 
Ethiopia;   
Makere University -
Uganda;   
Maseno University - 
Kenya  
 Low-Cost 
Housing 
Technology (use 
of bamboo as a sustainable 
material for 
construction)  
Environment 
 Production skills 
and expertise;   
Transfer of new 
bamboo-based prefabricated 
housing 
technology from China and India 
to East Africa. 
 Technical 
training and 
mobility of 
skilled individuals   
  IP/C/W/551/Add.6 
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CANADA:  EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGY T RANSFER PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS 
 
Project  Duration Objective Transferor Transferee Field or sector 
of technology Type of 
technology 
transfer Mode of 
technology 
transfer Relation to IP 
capacities in 
Uganda and Kenya to build 
conventional 
bamboo housing 
systems.  
 
 
    
 
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