APPENDIX TABLES Nicaragua WT/TPR/S/167 
 Page 95 
 
 
Table AI.1 
Structure of exports, 1995-2004 
(US$ million and per cent) 
 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
Total (US$ million) 509.2 629.4 532.2  634. 8  605.2 727.6 
  (per cent) 
Total primary products 77.9 89.0 82.7 76.7 82.6 83.3 
 Agriculture 76.5 86.9 80.4 72.2 80.6 81.3 
 Food 73.5 84.9 77.8 68.7 78.6 79.6 
 0711 Coffee, not roasted 23.4 27.1 18.5 10.9 14.1 17.4 
 0111 Meat of bovine animals, fresh or chilled 5.6 5.0 5.2 6.1 8.1 8.8 
 0361 Crustaceans, frozen 12.3 18.8 6.2 5.3 11.8 7.8 
 0112 Meat of bovine animals, frozen 5.2 3.3 7.1 6.7 5.7 6.4 
 2221 Groundnuts (peanuts) 2.4 4.6 5.7 4.0 4.7 5.5 
 0011 Bovine animals, live 0.6 3.9 5.1 3.3 4.3 4.9 
 0612 Other beet or cane sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in solid form 0.0 4.2 6.4 2.3 3.4 2.9 
 0542 Leguminous vegetables, dried, shelled 1.7 0.7 2.4 3.0 3.3 2.6 
 0611 Sugars, beet or cane, raw, in solid  form, not containi ng added flavouring  
 or colouring matter 2.5 1.5 2.6 2.2 0.9 2.1 
 0249 Other cheese;  curd 0.9 2.3 1.6 0.9 2.0 1.9 
 0573 Bananas (including plantains), fres h or dried 2.8 1.6 2.3 1.9 2.2 1.7 
 0713 Extracts, essences and concentrates of coffee 0.3 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.3 
 1221 Cigars, cheroots and ci garillos, containing tobacco  0.3 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 
 0461 Flour of wheat or of meslin 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.2 1.6 1.2 
 0242 Processed cheese, not grated or powdered 0.0 0.7 0.6 1.9 1.3 1.1 
 0484 Bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and othe r bakers' wares 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.0 
 0341 Fish, fresh or chilled (excluding fillets and minced fish) 0.9 0.8 1.3 1. 2 1.2 1.0 
 Agricultural raw materials 2.9 2.0 2.7 3.5 2.0 1.7 
 Mining 1.5 2.1 2.2 4.5 1.9 2.0 
 Ores and other minerals  0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 
 Non-ferrous metals 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.1 0.1 0.1 
 Fuels 0.6 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.3 1.1 
Manufactures 20.3 7.3 11.6 18.1 11.6 10.4 
 Iron and steel 0.3 0.3 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.7 
 Chemicals 1.2 1.9 2.6 2.7 3.5 3.5 
 Other semi-manufactures 1.4 2.2 3.0 5.3 3.1 2.5 
 6114 Other bovine leather a nd equine leather, without hair on (other than 
leather of subgroup 611.8) 0.4 0.7 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.0 
 Machinery and transport equipment 6.1 0.7 1.3 4.4 1.1 0.9 
 Power-generating machinery 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 
 Other non-electrical machinery 0.5 0.3 0.7 1.6 0.6 0.3 
 Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 
 Office machines and telecommunications  equipment 4.5 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.3 
 Other electrical machinery 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 
 Automotive products 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.1 
 Other transport equipment 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.1 
 Textiles 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 
 Clothing 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 
 Other consumer goods 10.8 1.9 2.9 3.8 2.7 2.4 
 8122 Ceramic sinks, baths, bidets and similar sanitary fixtures 0.5 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 
Other 1.8 3.6 5.7 5.2 5.9 6.3 
 Gold 1.8 3.6 5.6 5.0 5.8 6.2 
 9710 Gold, non-monetary (excluding gold ores  and concentrates) 1.8 3.6 5.6 5.0 5.8 6.2 
Source: WTO Secretariat estimates based on information provided by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), 
Comtrade database (Standard Internatio nal Trade Classification, SITC, Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/167 Trade Policy Review 
Page 96 
 
 
Table AI.2 
Destination of exports, 1995-2004 
(US$ million and per cent) 
 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
Total (US$ million) 509. 2 629.4 532.2 634. 8 605.2 727.6 
  (per cent) 
 America 64.7 75.5 74.5 85.7 83.8 75.1 
 USA 42.1 39.3 29.3 29.1 36.5 36.1 
 Canada 1.0 4.0 3.7 4.2 3.5 4.8 
 Other America 21.6 32.2 41.5 52.4 43.8 34.2 
 El Salvador 8.1 11.2 14.3 17.3 17.2 15.0 
 Costa Rica 3.4 6.0 6.9 10.7 8.1 7.0 
 Mexico 1.8 3.7 5.1 3.9 4.6 5.5 
 Guatemala 2.0 3.1 4.3 5.2 4.3 4.4 
 Dominican Republic 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.8 
 Haiti 0.1 0.1 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.6 
 Panama 0.4 0.7 1.6 4.3 0.8 0.5 
              
 Europe 32.7 23.2 24.2 12.6 13.8 13.9 
 EC(15) 31.8 20.4 15.8 10.0 10.7 13.0 
 Spain 7.8 2.0 1.9 1.6 2.7 3.0 
 United Kingdom 1.9 2.1 3.0 2.3 2.8 2.4 
 Germany 11.4 8.7 5.5 2.1 1.6 1.9 
 Belgium-Luxembourg 3.4 3.1 1.4 0.5 0.6 1.6 
 France 2.0 1.4 1.1 1.5 0.8 1.1 
 Italy 1.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 
 Finland 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 
 Netherlands 3.3 1.1 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 
 Sweden 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.5 
 EFTA 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 
 Switzerland 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 
 Eastern Europe 0.1 2.0 8.0 2.1 2.4 0.2 
 Former USSR 0.1 0.0 8.0 2.1 2.4 0.2 
 Other Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
              
 Asia 2.6 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.4 2.3 
 Middle East 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 
 East Asia 2.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.2 2.1 
 Japan 1.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 
 South Asia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
              
 Oceania 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 
              
 Africa 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 
 Sub-Saharan Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
 Other Africa 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 
              
 Other 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.8 8.3 
 Free zones 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.8 
 Areas n.e.s. 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.6 
              
Memorandum:             
 EC(25) 31.8 20.4 15.8 10.1 10.7 13.1 
Source: WTO Secretariat estimates based on information provide d by the UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). 
 Nicaragua WT/TPR/S/167 
 Page 97 
 
 
Table AI.3 
Structure of imports, 1995-2004 
(US$ million and per cent) 
 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
Total (US$ million) 1,009.2 1, 720.6 1,773.4 1,802. 2 1,904.6 2,203.0 
  (per cent) 
Total primary products 37.4 35.0 35.0 29.8 33.9 33.5 
 Agriculture 18.8 16.5 17.0 16.2 15.1 14.1 
 Food 17.9 15.9 16.4 15.4 14.6 13.6 
 0989 Food preparations, n.e.s. 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 
 4222 Palm oil and its fractions 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.3 
 0411 Durum wheat, unmilled 1.8 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.9 
 0481 Cereal grains, worked or prepared in a manner not 
elsewhere specified 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 
 Agricultural raw materials 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 
 Mining 18.5 18.6 18.0 13.6 18.8 19.4 
 Ores and other minerals  0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 
 Non-ferrous metals 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 
 Fuels 17.9 17.8 17.3 13.1 18.4 19.0 
 3330 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous 
minerals, crude 13.5 11.7 10.3 7.8 10.3 10.7 
 3341 Motor spirit (gasoline) and other light oils 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.0 6.7 6.9 
 Manufactures 62.6 64.8 64.0 68.1 63.8 63.4 
 Iron and steel 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.3 4.1 
 6741 Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, plated or 
coated with zinc 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.0 
 6762 Bars and rods (other than those of subgroup 676.1) of iron 
or steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-
extruded, but including those twisted after rolling 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.8 
 6732 Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, not clad, 
plated or coated 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 
 Chemicals 17.5 14.7 15.9 15.9 17.2 17.1 
 5429 Medicaments, n.e.s. 3.3 4.1 5.5 4.8 4.7 4.6 
 5419 Pharmaceutical goods, other than medicaments 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.2 
 5541 Soap;  organic surface-activ e products and preparations for 
use as soap, in the form of bars, cakes, moulded pieces or shapes 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 
 5421 Medicaments containing antibiotics or derivatives thereof 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 
 5621 Mineral or chemical  fertilizers, nitrogenous 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 
 Other semi-manufactures 9.3 11.1 10.5 9.9 9.0 9.7 
 Machinery and transport equipment 23.1 24.8 22.9 26.2 22.4 21.1 
 Power-generating machinery 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.7 
 Other non-electrical machinery 6.4 5.9 5.0 5.5 5.1 4.4 
 Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 
 Office machines and telecommunications equipment 4.2 3.7 4.0 5.7 6.6 5.9 
 7643 Transmission apparatus for radio-telephony, radio-
telegraphy, radio-broadcasting or  television, whether or not 
incorporating reception appara tus or sound-recording or 
reproducing apparatus 0.1 0.6 0.7 1.0 2.6 2.1 
 Other electrical machinery 3.8 3.3 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.7 
 7731 Insulated (including ename lled or anodized) wire, cable 
(including co-axial cable) and other insulated electric conductors, whether or not fitted with connectors; optical fibre 
cables made up of individually sheathed fibres 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 
 Automotive products 6.3 9.2 7.6 8.8 5.4 5.3 
 7821 Motor vehicles for the transport of goods 2.3 3.4 2.4 2.9 2.0 2.2 
 7812 Motor vehicles for the transport of persons, n.e.s. 2.9 4.0 2.9 3.7 2.3 2.0 
 Other transport equipment 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.1 
 Textiles 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.1 
   Table AI.3 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/167 Trade Policy Review 
Page 98 
 
 
 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
 Clothing 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3 
 Other consumer goods 6.5 7.5 8.7 10.1 9.4 9.0 
 8931 Articles for the conveyance or packing of goods, of 
plastics; stoppers, lids, caps and other closures, of plastics 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 
Other 0.0 0.1 1.0 2.1 2.3 3.1 
 9310 Special transactions and commodities not classified 
according to kind 0.0 0.1 1.0 2.0 2.2 3.0 
 Gold 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates based on information provide d by the UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). Nicaragua WT/TPR/S/167 
 Page 99 
 
 
Table AI.4 
Origin of imports 1995-2004 
(US$ million and per cent) 
 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
Total (US$ million) 1,009.2 1, 720.6 1,773.4 1,802. 2 1,904.6 2,203.0 
  (per cent) 
 America 78.7 83.8 81.7 78.7 75.7 74.2 
 USA 30.2 24.3 26.9 27.6 26.6 22.3 
 Canada 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.7 1.0 
 Other America 47.1 58.2 53.4 50.1 48.4 50.9 
 Venezuela 13.0 11.8 9.4 9.1 9.4 11.4 
 Costa Rica 8.1 11.6 10.6 9.5 8.7 8.6 
 Mexico 3.1 5.0 7.7 5.7 8.1 7.4 
  Guatemala 7.9 8.3 8.1 8.3 6.9 6.9 
 El Salvador 4.0 7.1 6.3 6.3 4.4 4.9 
 Netherlands Antilles 0. 3 1.4 1.6 0. 9 0.2 3.4 
 Brazil 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.7 2.6 3.1 
 Ecuador 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.5 1.7 1.4 
 Argentina 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.9 
 Trinidad and Tobago 0.2 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8 
              
 Europe 11.8 6.6 8.2 8.8 10.4 9.3 
 EC(15) 10.1 5.3 6.0 7.0 8.2 6.7 
 Germany 2.2 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.9 
 Spain 2.4 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.3 
 Belgium-Luxembourg 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 
 EFTA 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 
 Eastern Europe 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.5 2.0 
 Former USSR 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.8 
 Russian Federation 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 
 Ukraine 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 
 Other Europe 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 
              
 Asia 9.0 9.3 9.0 12.0 13.5 13.7 
 Middle East 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 
 East Asia 8.7 8.9 8.5 11.0 12.7 12.8 
 China 0.2 0.6 1.5 2.1 4.4 5.1 
 Japan 5.0 6.0 4.0 5.1 4.3 4.3 
 Korea, Republic of 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.3 0.9 
 Chinese Taipei 2.1 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.7 
 South Asia 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 
        
 Oceania 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.3 
              
 Africa 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 
 Sub-Saharan Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 
 Other Africa 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 
        
 Other 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.4 
 Free zones 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 
        
Memorandum:       
 EC(25) 10.3 5.4 6.3 7.3 8.3 7.0 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates based on information provide d by the UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/167 Trade Policy Review 
Page 100 
 
 
Table AIII.1 
Applied MFN tariff averages by HS chapter, 2005  
Code  Description  No. of 
lines  No. of 
lines used  Average 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Standard 
deviation 
(%) 2004 imports
(US$ million)  
 Total/Average  6,528 6,528 5.8 0-170 7.6 2,203.0a 
01 Live animals 27 27 6.9 0-10 4.6 5.7 
02 Meat and edible meat offal 86 86 19.8 5-170 24.5 2.1 
03 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other 
aquatic invertebrates 121 121 9.2 0-15 5.2 0.2 
04 Dairy produce;  birds' eggs;  natural honey;  
edible products of animal origin, not 
elsewhere specified or included 47 47 23.1 0-60 18.3 16.3 
05 Products of animal origin, not elsewhere 
specified or included 21 21 3.8 0-5 2.2 0.2 
06 Live trees and other plants;  bulbs, roots 
and the like;  cut flowers and ornamental 
foliage 33 33 11.5 0-15 6.2 0.4 
07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and 
tubers 91 91 13.4 0-30 5.1 7.9 
08 Edible fruit and nuts;  peel of citrus fruit or 
melons 80 80 13.6 0-15 4.3 3.7 
09 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 41 41 11.3 5-15 3.0 1.3 
10 Cereals 22 22 17.9 0-61 23.4 27.5 
11 Products of the milling industry;  malt;  
starches;  insulin;  wheat gluten 39 39 6.3 0-10 4.1 15.9 
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits;  
miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruit;  industrial or medicinal plants;  straw and 
fodder 59 59 2.4 0-10 3.3 2.7 
13 Lac;  gums, resins a nd other vegetable saps 
and extracts 14 14 0.0 0 0.0 0.8 
14 Vegetable plaiting materials;  vegetable 
products not elsewhere specified or included 11 11 3.2 0-15 4.6 0.0 
15 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their 
cleavage products;  prepared edible fats;  animal or vegetable waxes 75 75 9.5 0-15 5.7 61.8 
16 Preparations of meat, of fish or of 
crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic 
invertebrates 37 37 14.5 5-15 2.3 6.0 
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 21 21 29.8 0-55 20.9 11.0 
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 12 12 10.4 0-15 5.0 3.3 
19 Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or 
milk;  pastry cooks' products 31 31 11.8 0-15 6.0 46.8 
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or 
other parts of plants 65 65 13.0 0-15 4.7 11.0 
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 29 29 11.6 0-40 7.9 38.6 
22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 39 39 17.2 5-40 11.1 16.5 
23 Residues and waste from the food 
industries;  prepared animal fodder 59 59 6.0 0-15 3.8 9.4 
24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco 
substitutes 19 19 6.1 0-15 5.2 14.2 
25 Salt;  sulphur;  earths and stone;  plastering 
materials, lime and cement 78 78 3.0 0-15 4.3 14.8 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd) Nicaragua WT/TPR/S/167 
 Page 101 
 
 
Code  Description  No. of 
lines  No. of 
lines used  Average 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Standard 
deviation 
(%) 2004 imports
(US$ million)  
26 Ores, slag and ash 38 38 0.4 0-5 1.4 0.0 
27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of 
their distillation;  bituminous substances;  
mineral waxes 68 68 4.1 0-15 4.3 419.7 
28 Inorganic chemicals;  organic or inorganic 
compounds of precious metals, of rare-
earth metals, of radioactive elements or of 
isotopes 186 186 0.2 0-10 1.5 11.6 
29 Organic chemicals 350 350 0.2 0-10 1.0 9.6 
30 Pharmaceutical products 56 56 0.3 0-15 2.0 157.0 
31 Fertilizers 26 26 0.0 0 0.0 28.9 
32 Tanning or dyeing extracts;  tannins and 
their derivatives;  dyes, pigments and other 
colouring matter;  paints and varnishes;  putty and other mastics;  inks 75 75 2.6 0-15 5.3 18.6 
33 Essential oils and resinoids;  perfumery, 
cosmetic or toilet preparations  40 40 8.0 0-15 7.2 35.6 
34 Soap, organic surf ace-active agents, 
washing preparations, lubricating 
preparations, artificial waxes, prepared 
waxes, polishing or scouring preparations, candles and similar articles, modelling 
pastes, dental waxes and dental 
preparations with a basis of plaster 41 41 8.2 0-15 6.7 37.3 
35 Albuminoidal substances;  modified 
starches;  glues;  enzymes 20 20 3.8 0-15 5.6 3.2 
36 Explosives;  pyrotechnic products;  
matches;  pyrophoric alloys;  certain 
combustible preparations 10 10 10.5 0-15 6.4 3.1 
37 Photographic or cinematographic goods 50 50 8.6 0-10 3.4 6.1 
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 94 94 3.3 0-15 4.3 35.7 
39 Plastics and articles thereof 231 231 4.5 0-15 4.9 82.5 
40 Rubber and articles thereof 116 116 4.7 0-15 4.4 35.4 
41 Raw hides and skins (oth er than fur skins) 
and leather 67 67 5.3 0-10 3.7 0.4 
42 Articles of animal gut  (other than silk-
worm gut) 28 28 11.1 0-15 6.1 4.4 
43 Furskins and artificial fur;  manufactures 
thereof 15 15 15.0 15 0.0 0.0 
44 Wood and articles of wood;  wood charcoal 79 79 7.3 0-15 5.2 5.0 
45 Cork and articles of cork 7 7 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 
46 Manufactures of straw, of esparto or of 
other plaiting materials;  basketware and 
wickerwork 5 5 15.0 15 0.0 0.1 
47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic 
material;  recovered (waste and scrap) 
paper and paperboard 20 20 0.0 0 0.0 0.1 
48 Paper and paperboard;  articles of paper 
pulp, of paper or of paperboard 249 249 5.4 0-15 5.5 63.5 
49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures and 
other products of the printing industry;  
manuscripts, typescripts and plans 30 30 4.2 0-15 6.4 20.4 
50 Silk 10 10 3.0 0-5 2.6 0.0 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/167 Trade Policy Review 
Page 102 
 
 
Code  Description  No. of 
lines  No. of 
lines used  Average 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Standard 
deviation 
(%) 2004 imports
(US$ million)  
51 Wool, fine or coarse animal hair;  horsehair 
yarn and woven fabric 38 38 2.6 0-5 2.5 0.0 
52 Cotton 136 136 4.8 0-5 1.0 2.3 
53 Other vegetable textile fibres;  paper yarn 
and woven fabrics of paper yarn 33 33 2.4 0-5 2.5 0.1 
54 Man-made filaments 75 75 4.3 0-5 1.7 5.9 
55 Man-made staple fibres 123 123 4.2 0-5 1.8 2.0 
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens;  special 
yarns;  twine, cordage, ropes and cables 
and articles thereof 44 44 3.9 0-10 3.2 1.0 
57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings 23 23 14.3 10-15 1.7 0.3 
58 Special woven fabrics;  tufted textile 
fabrics;  lace;  tapestries;  trimmings;  
embroidery 51 51 5.0 0-15 1.7 0.6 
59 Impregnated, coated, covered or laminated 
textile fabrics;  textile articles of a kind 
suitable for industrial use 32 32 4.1 0-15 3.7 0.9 
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 49 49 4.9 0-5 0.7 0.5 
61 Articles of apparel and clothing 
accessories, knitted or crocheted 118 118 14.7 0-15 1.9 8.1 
62 Articles of apparel and clothing 
accessories, not knitted or crocheted 120 120 15.0 15 0.0 15.3 
63 Other made up textile articles;  sets;  worn 
clothing and worn textile articles;  rags 68 68 12.4 0-15 5.0 15.2 
64 Footwear, gaiters and the like;  parts of 
such articles 35 35 12.3 0-15 4.8 17.1 
65 Headgear and parts thereof 12 12 12.5 5-15 4.5 1.4 
66 Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking-sticks, 
seat-sticks, whips, riding-crops and parts 
thereof 7 7 10.7 5-15 5.3 0.2 
67 Prepared feathers and down and articles 
made of feathers or of down;  artificial 
flowers;  articles of human hair 9 9 13.9 5-15 3.3 0.2 
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, 
mica or similar materials 53 53 7.5 0-15 6.7 11.0 
69 Ceramic products 30 30 9.7 0-15 7.2 13.7 
70 Glass and glassware 77 77 4.4 0-15 5.8 14.5 
71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or 
semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and 
articles thereof;  imitation jewellery;  coin 54 54 6.9 0-15 5.6 0.7 
72 Iron and steel 203 203 2.5 0-15 5.1 79.3 
73 Articles of iron or steel 142 142 5.3 0-15 5.1 50.2 
74 Copper and articles thereof 63 63 1.4 0-15 4.2 0.8 
75 Nickel and articles thereof 17 17 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 60 60 4.8 0-15 5.2 12.0 
78 Lead and articles thereof 10 10 1.5 0-5 2.4 0.0 
79 Zinc and articles thereof 10 10 0.0 0 0.0 0.7 
80 Tin and articles thereof 8 8 0.0 0 0.0 0.1 
81 Other base metals;  cermets;  articles 
thereof 51 51 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 
82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and 
forks, of base metal;  parts thereof of base metal 82 82 3.3 0-15 5.0 10.7 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd) Nicaragua WT/TPR/S/167 
 Page 103 
 
 
Code  Description  No. of 
lines  No. of 
lines used  Average 
tariff 
(%) Range 
(%) Standard 
deviation 
(%) 2004 imports
(US$ million)  
83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 51 51 5.2 0-15 5.8 9.7 
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and 
mechanical appliances;  parts thereof 548 548 1.4 0-15 4.0 152.0 
85 Electrical machinery and equipment and 
parts thereof;  sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound 
recorders and reproducers, and parts and 
accessories of such articles 361 361 4.4 0-15 6.2 176.4 
86 Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-
stock and parts thereof;  railway or 
tramway track fixtur es and fittings and 
parts thereof;  mechanical (including 
electro-mechanical) traffic signalling 
equipment of all kinds 24 24 0.0 0 0.0 0.2 
87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway 
rolling-stock, and parts and accessories 
thereof 149 149 6.6 0-15 4.0 131.5 
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 16 16 2.2 0-5 2.6 1.3 
89 Ships, boats and floating structures 24 24 5.8 0-15 6.9 0.8 
90 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, 
measuring, checking, precision, medical or 
surgical instruments and apparatus;  parts 
and accessories thereof 176 176 1.4 0-15 4.1 46.6 
91 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 53 53 8.9 0-15 6.2 1.0 
92 Musical instruments;  parts and accessories 
of such articles 24 24 8.5 5-15 2.8 0.8 
93 Arms and ammunition;  parts and 
accessories thereof 21 21 12.6 5-15 4.4 1.4 
94 Furniture;  bedding, mattresses, mattress 
supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings;  lamps and lighting fittings, not 
elsewhere specified or included;  
illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like; prefabricated buildings 52 52 11.5 0-15 5.7 35.9 
95 Toys, games and sports requisites;  parts 
and accessories thereof 51 51 11.7 0-15 4.3 8.7 
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 68 68 7.4 0-15 6.7 9.0 
97 Works of art, collectors' pieces and 
antiques 9 9 7.8 5-10 2.6 0.1 
a The total of imports is higher than the sum of sub-items, as  certain imports, to the value of US$66.8 million, are not classi fied in 
the HS. 
Source:  WTO Secretariat estimates based on data provided by the Nicaraguan au thorities; import data from UNSD, 
Comtrade database. WT/TPR/S/167 Trade Policy Review 
Page 104 
 
 
Table AIV.1 
Applied MFN tariffs, by ISIC Rev.2 category, 2005 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Simple 
average  Range Standard 
deviation  2004 imports ISIC 
code  Description No. of lines
(Per cent)   (US$ million)
 Total 6,528 5.8 0-170 7.6 2,203.0a 
1 Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing 422 8.5 0-45 6.5 46.4 
11 Agriculture and hunting 324 9.3 0-45 6.6 45.7 
12 Forestry and logging 30 1.3 0-15 3.2 0.6 
121 Forestry 22 1.8 0-15 3.6 0.3 
122 Logging 8 0.0 0 0.0 0.3 
13 Fishing 68 7.9 0-15 5.1 0.1 
1301 Ocean and coastal fishing 57 7.6 0-15 5.4 0.1 
1302 Fishing n.e.c. 11 9.5 0-15 3.5 0.0 
2 Mining and quarrying 110 2.2 0-15 3.6 248.5 
21 Coal mining 4 5.0 5 0.0 0.0 
22 Crude petroleum and natural gas production 4 0.0 0 0.0 246.2 
23 Metal ore mining 24 0.6 0-5 1.7 0.0 
2301 Mining of iron ores 2 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 
2302 Non-ferrous ore mining 22 0.7 0-5 1.8 0.0 
29 Other mining 78 2.6 0-15 3.9 2.4 
2901 Mining of feldspar 35 2.9 0-10 3.3 1.3 
2902 Mining of fertilizer and chemical minerals 13 0.0 0 0.0 0.1 
2903 Salt mining 4 11.3 0-15 7.5 0.5 
2909 Mining and quarrying n.e.c. 26 2.3 0-10 3.2 0.4 
3 Manufacturing 5,995 5.7 0-170 7.6 1,841.2 
3 - 31 Manufacturing (excluding food processing) 5,294 4.7 0-15 5.7 1,585.6 
31 Manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco 701 13.3 0-170 13.5 255.6 
311 Food products 550 13.8 0-170 14.1 165.9 
3111 Meat products 130 16.3 0-170 20.8 13.7 
3112 Dairy products 33 27.1 0-60 21.3 9.6 
3113 Fruit and vegetable canning 126 12.9 0-30 5.4 27.3 
3114 Fish products 78 11.0 0-15 5.0 3.3 
3115 Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats  99 8.3 0-15 5.3 55.1 
3116 Grain mill products 47 12.3 0-61 15.6 26.6 
3117 Manufacture of bakery products 14 13.9 0-15 4.0 16.2 
3118 Sugar products 9 35.0 5-55 24.0 0.0 
3119 Cocoa and chocolate confectionery 14 11.8 0-15 4.6 14.0 
312 Other food products and animal feeds 102 10.2 0-40 10.1 55.9 
3121 Other food products 77 11.2 0-40 11.0 49.1 
3122 Manufacture of animal feeds 25 7.2 0-15 5.6 6.8 
313 Beverages 42 15.8 0-40 11.6 19.7 
3131 Distillation of spirits and alcohol production 20 21.3 5-40 14.3 1.8 
3132 Manufacture of wines 9 8.9 5-10 2.2 1.4 
3133 Manufacture of malt liquors and malt 4 7.5 0-15 8.7 8.7 
3134 Soft drinks and mineral waters 9 14.4 10-15 1.7 7.8 
314 Tobacco manufacturing 7 10.0 0-15 6.5 14.2 
32 Textile, wearing apparel and leather industries 1,011 8.2 0-15 5.3 69.3 
Table AIV.1 (cont'd) Nicaragua WT/TPR/S/167 
 Page 105 
 
 
Simple 
average  Range Standard 
deviation  2004 imports ISIC 
code  Description No. of lines
(Per cent)   (US$ million)
321 Textiles 776 7.0 0-15 4.9 37.1 
3211 Textile spinning, w eaving and finishing 443 4.5 0-15 1.9 15.9 
3212 Made-up textile goods except wearing apparel 70 11.8 0-15 5.2 10.3 
3213 Knitted and crocheted fabrics 167 11.9 0-15 4.8 8.7 
3214 Carpets and rugs 23 14.3 10-15 1.7 0.3 
3215 Cordage, rope, etc 11 5.0 5 0.0 0.6 
3219 Manufacture of textiles n.e.c. 62 3.9 0-15 3.7 1.3 
322 Manufacture of wearing apparel, except footwear 139 14.6 5-15 1.7 17.2 
323 Leather products, except footwear and wearing 
apparel 73 8.4 0-15 5.5 4.3 
3231 Tanning and dressing of leather 44 6.0 0-10 3.3 0.3 
3232 Fur dressing and dying 9 15.0 15 0.0 0.0 
3233 Leather products except footwear 20 10.5 0-15 7.1 3.9 
324 Footwear, except vulcanized rubber or plastic 
footwear 23 10.9 0-15 5.4 10.7 
33 Wood and wood products, including furniture 98 9.5 0-15 5.7 25.2 
331 Wood and wood products, except furniture 74 8.0 0-15 5.5 4.5 
3311 Sawmills and woodmills 46 7.5 0-15 4.8 3.3 
3312 Wooden case containers and cane ware 8 13.1 10-15 2.6 0.4 
3319 Wood and cork products 20 7.0 0-15 7.0 0.8 
332 Manufacture of furniture and fixtures, except 
primarily of metal 24 14.2 5-15 2.8 20.7 
34 Paper, paper products, printing and publishing 293 4.9 0-15 5.5 72.6 
341 Paper products 250 4.7 0-15 5.1 41.6 
3411 Pulp, paper and paperboard 119 3.0 0-15 4.6 27.5 
3412 Containers, paperboxes, paperboard 11 6.4 0-10 5.0 6.9 
3419 Pulp, paper and paperboard articles n.e.c. 120 6.3 0-15 5.1 7.2 
342 Printing and publishing and allied industries 43 6.0 0-15 7.2 31.0 
35 Chemicals, petroleum, coal, rubber, plastics 1,381 2.9 0-15 4.8 626.9 
351 Industrial chemicals 786 1.3 0-15 3.1 131.7 
3511 Basic industrial chemicals 543 0.5 0-10 1.9 34.4 
3512 Fertilizers and pesticides 38 2.5 0-15 4.6 56.4 
3513 Synthetic resins, plastic materials except glass 205 3.1 0-15 4.2 40.9 
352 Other chemical substances, including 
pharmacetitical products 375 4.6 0-15 6.0 243.2 
3521 Paints, varnishes and l acquers 39 4.5 0-15 6.5 11.8 
3522 Drugs and medicines 127 0.1 0-15 1.3 139.9 
3523 Soaps 45 11.8 0-15 5.2 65.5 
3529 Chemical products n.e.c. 164 6.1 0-15 5.7 25.9 
353 Petroleum refineries 40 3.3 0-15 4.5 168.2 
354 Manufacture of miscellaneous petroleum and coal 
products 16 5.3 0-10 3.4 0.9 
355 Rubber products 106 6.2 0-15 5.0 41.0 
3551 Tyre and tube industries 40 6.5 0-15 4.0 25.0 
3559 Rubber products n.e.c. 66 6.1 0-15 5.5 16.0 
356 Manufacture of plastic products n.e.c. 58 6.9 0-15 5.7 42.0 
Table AIV.1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/167 Trade Policy Review 
Page 106 
 
 
Simple 
average  Range Standard 
deviation  2004 imports ISIC 
code  Description No. of lines
(Per cent)   (US$ million)
36 Non-metallic mineral products except of petroleum 
and coal 178 6.2 0-15 6.5 52.4 
361 Pottery and china 16 9.7 0-15 7.2 1.7 
362 Manufacture of glass and glass products 77 4.4 0-15 5.7 13.8 
369 Other non-metallic mineral products 85 7.1 0-15 6.7 36.9 
3691 Structural clay products 17 7.9 0-15 7.7 12.3 
3692 Cement, lime and plaster 9 8.3 0-10 3.5 12.4 
3699 Non-metallic mineral products 59 6.7 0-15 6.7 12.2 
37 Basic metal industries 438 1.8 0-15 4.2 95.5 
371 Iron and steel basic industries 237 2.4 0-15 4.9 89.6 
372 Non-ferrous metal basic industries 201 1.2 0-10 3.0 5.9 
38 Fabricated metal products, machinery and 
equipment 1,659 3.6 0-15 5.5 619.2 
381 Fabricated metal products, except machinery and 
equipment 291 5.3 0-15 5.6 76.6 
3811 Manufacture of cutlery and hardware 92 4.0 0-15 5.2 14.7 
3812 Metal furniture and fixtures 18 8.3 0-15 6.9 8.4 
3813 Structural metal products 22 5.2 0-15 6.1 16.0 
3819 Fabricated metal products except machinery and 
equipment n.e.c. 159 5.8 0-15 5.5 37.5 
382 Non-electrical machinery including computers 544 1.6 0-15 4.3 142.6 
3821 Engines and turbines 12 0.0 0 0.0 1.0 
3822 Agricultural machinery 17 1.8 0-10 3.9 6.8 
3823 Metal and woodworking machinery 110 0.0 0-5 0.5 7.0 
3824 Special industrial machinery 151 0.5 0-10 2.2 27.1 
3825 Office machinery 39 0.6 0-10 2.3 31.9 
3829 Non-electrical machinery and equipment, n.e.c. 215 3.5 0-15 6.0 68.8 
383 Electrical machinery apparatus, appliances and 
supplies 360 4.7 0-15 6.4 181.3 
3831 Electrical motors and apparatus 68 0.7 0-10 2.4 29.0 
3832 Radio, television and communication equipment 174 5.4 0-15 6.8 101.9 
3833 Electrical appliances and houseware 30 10.0 0-15 6.6 4.5 
3839 Electrical apparatus n.e.c. 88 4.5 0-15 5.8 45.9 
384 Transport equipment 226 5.1 0-15 4.7 140.1 
3841 Ship building and repairing 26 5.4 0-15 6.8 2.9 
3842 Railroad equipment 24 0.0 0 0.0 0.2 
3843 Motor vehicles 126 6.6 0-15 3.9 125.0 
3844 Motorcycles and bicycles 21 4.5 0-10 4.2 8.6 
3845 Aircraft manufacture 21 1.4 0-5 2.3 2.1 
3849 Other transport equipment n.e.c. 8 6.9 0-15 5.9 1.4 
385 Professional and scientific equipment 238 3.2 0-15 5.6 78.6 
3851 Professional and scientific, and measuring and 
controlling equipment 115 0.4 0-15 2.1 70.2 
3852 Photographic and optical goods 70 3.4 0-15 5.9 7.4 
3853 Watches and clocks 53 8.9 0-15 6.2 1.0 
39 Other manufacturing industries 236 8.7 0-15 5.9 24.4 
3901 Jewellery and related articles 17 10.9 0-15 5.1 0.1 
Table AIV.1 (cont'd) Nicaragua WT/TPR/S/167 
 Page 107 
 
 
Simple 
average  Range Standard 
deviation  2004 imports ISIC 
code  Description No. of lines
(Per cent)   (US$ million)
3902 Musical instruments 24 8.5 5-15 2.8 0.8 
3903 Sporting goods 27 10.4 0-15 3.6 2.6 
3909 Manufacturing industries n.e.c. 168 8.2 0-15 6.5 20.9 
4 Electricity 1 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 
a The total of imports is higher than the sum of sub-items, as  certain imports, to the value of US$66.8 million, are not classi fied in 
the HS. 
Source : WTO Secretariat calculations based on data provided by the Nicaraguan authorities. WT/TPR/S/167 Trade Policy Review 
Page 108 
 
 
Table AIV.2 
Summary of Nicaragua's sector-specific commitments under the GATS 
Modes of supply: 
Cross-border 
supply Consumption 
abroad Commercial 
presence Presence of natural 
persons Sector or subsector 
Market access/National treatment 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES      
B. Computer and related services      
(a) Consultancy services rela ted to the installation of 
computer hardware U/U U/U NL/U U/U 
(b) Software implementation services U/U U/U NL/U U/U 
(c) Data-processing services U/U U/U NL/U U/U 
(d) Database services U/U U/U NL/U U/U 
C. Research and development services      
(a) R&D services on natural sciences NL/NL U/U NL/NL U/U 
(b) R&D services on social sciences  and humanities NL/NL U/U NL/NL U/U 
(c) Interdisciplinary R&D se rvices NL/NL U/U NL/NL U/U 
F. Other business services      
(a) Services incidental to agriculture, hunting and 
 forestry NL/NL U/U NL/NL U/U 
(b) Services incidental to fishing NL/NL U/U NL/NL U/U 
(c) Services incidental to mining NL/NL U/U NL/NL U/U 
(d) Services incidental to ma nufacturing NL/NL U/U NL/NL U/U 
(e) Services incidental to the  manufacture of metal 
products, machinery and equipment NL/NL U/U NL/NL U/U 
(f) Repair services incidental to metal products, 
machinery and equipment NL/NL U/U NL/NL U/U 
(g) Services incidental to energy  distribution  NL/NL U/U NL/NL U/U 
2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES      
C. Telecommunications services      
(a) Telephone services (exclusively cellular) NL/NL  NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(b) Electronic mail NL/NL  NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(c) Online information and database re trieval NL/NL  NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(d) Electronic data interchange services   NL/NL  NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(e) Enhanced/value-added facs imile services, (including 
store and retrieve, code and protocol conversion) NL/NL  NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(f) Circuit-switched data transmission  services NL/NL  NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(g) Private leased circuit servi ces NL/NL  NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(h) Telex services NL/NL  NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(i) Telegraph services NL/NL  NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(j) Facsimile services NL/NL  NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(k)Voice mail NL/NL  NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(l) Online information and/or  data processing (including 
 transaction processing) NL/NL  NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
  Table AIV.2 (cont'd)Nicaragua WT/TPR/S/167 
 Page 109 
 
 
Modes of supply: 
Cross-border 
supply Consumption 
abroad Commercial 
presence Presence of natural 
persons Sector or subsector 
Market access/National treatment 
D. Audio-visual services     
(a) Motion picture and vi deo tape production and 
distribution services NL/U NL/U NL /NL Uex/Uex 
(b) Motion picture projection service NL/U  NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES      
A. All insurance and insurance-related services      
(a) Life, accident and health insura nce services U/U U/U OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(b) Non-life insurance services U/U U/U OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(c)  Reinsurance and retrocession U/U U/U OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(d) Services auxiliary to insurance (including broking 
and agency services) U/U U/U OP/NL Uex/Uex 
B. Banking and other financial services  
 (excluding insurance)     
(a) Acceptance of deposits and other repayable funds 
from the public U/U  U/U OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(b) Other bank deposit services U/U U/U OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(c) Other deposit services U/U U/U OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(d) Financial leasing U/U U/U OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(e) Lending of all types, including inter alia , consumer 
credit, mortgage credit, factoring and financing of commercial transactions U/U U/U OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(f) All payment and money transmission services U/U U/U OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(g) Guarantees and commitments U/U U/U OP/NL Uex/Uex 
(h) Foreign exchange U/U U/U OP/NL Uex/Uex 
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL-RELATED SERVICES     
A. Hotels and restaurants  (including catering) U/U NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
B. Travel agency and tour operator services  U/U U/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
C.  Tourist guide services  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL U/U 
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES     
C. Air transport services      
(a) Rental of aircraft with crew NL/U NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(b) Maintenance and repair of aircraft NL/U NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
(c) Supporting services for air transport NL/U NL/U NL/NL Uex/Uex 
E. Rail transport services      
(a) Passenger transportation NL/U NL/NL NL/U Uex/Uex 
(b) Freight transportation     
(c) Pushing and towing services NL/U NL/NL NL/U Uex/Uex 
(d) Maintenance and repair of rail trans port equipment NL/U NL/NL NL/U Uex/Uex 
(e) Supporting services for rail transport services NL/U NL/NL NL/U Uex/Uex 
 
NL No limitations, i.e. Nicaragua agreed to place no constraints on the item in question. 
U Unbound, i.e. Nicaragua undertook no commitme nts with respect to the item in question. 
Uex Unbound except as provided by Ni caragua's horizontal commitments. 
OP Other provisions apply. 
Source : WTO document S/DCS/W/ NIC, 24 January 2003. 
__________