WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION   
WT/COMTD/W/187 
20 June 2012 
 (12-3259) 
Committee on Trade and Development  
 
 
 
     
 
    
 
 
TECHNICAL COOPERATION AUDIT 
REPORT FOR 2011 
 
Note by the Secretariat 
 
 
 
    
 
  WT/COMTD/W/187 
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  TABLE OF CONTENTS 
  
I.  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 4  
II.  INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. .. 5 
III. AUDIT METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 5  
IV.  OUTPUT ........................................................................................................................ ............ 6 
A.  E
XISTING OUTPUT INDICATORS  ............................................................................................... 6  
B.  REVIEW OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES  ............................................................................................ 8  
V.  OUTCOME ....................................................................................................................... ........ 9 
A.  IMMEDIATE OUTCOME  .............................................................................................................. 9  
B.  LONGER -TERM OUTCOME  ........................................................................................................ 9  
ANNEX 1: ...................................................................................................................... ....................... 11  
ANNEX 2: ...................................................................................................................... ....................... 12  
RECOMMENDATIONS ON OUTPUT  ....................................................................................................... 12  
RECOMMENDATIONS ON OUTCOME  .................................................................................................... 13  
ANNEX 3: ...................................................................................................................... ....................... 14   WT/COMTD/W/187 
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  ACRONYMS 
 
ATPC  Advanced Trade Policy Course 
BTOR  Back to Office Report DDA  Doha Development Agenda 
GTF  Global Trust Fund (synonym of DDAGTF) 
MIP  Mission Intern Programme MP  Member of Parliament NAMA  Non-Agricultural Market Access NTP  Netherlands Trainee Programme 
PEF  Participant's Evaluation Form 
Q&A  Questions and answers RBM  Result-based Management RFC  Reference Centre RTA  Regional Trade Agreement 
RTPC  Regional Trade Policy Course 
TA  Technical Assistance (includes worksh op, seminars, courses, conferences, etc.) 
TCA  Technical Cooperation Audit Unit ToT  Training of Trainers TRTA  Trade-related Technical Assistance WTO  World Trade Organization WT/COMTD/W/187 
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  I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 
1. In anticipation of the introduction in the WT O of Result-based Management (RBM) for TA 
activities as of 2012, the Technical Cooperation Audit Report for 2011 already focuses on the main 
components of the logical framework presented to Me mbers as part of the TA plan for 2012-13: it 
deals with the TA output (number of activities, dur ation, number of particip ants, subjects covered, 
teaching methods, etc.), before addressing the immediate and longer-term outcome of the activities for 
beneficiary countries. 
2. As far as WTO TA output is concerned, indi cators of volume, number of participants and 
average duration of activities showed minor variatio ns in 2011, some positives, others less so.  The 
statistics on the various training methods used in the activities showed marginal evolutions towards 
more interactivity in the activities compared to 2010, but the data series are too short for the moment 
to detect any real trend.  Lectures represented just under half of the total training time, with more interactive methods (Q&A, exercises, simulations, et c.) accounting for the balance.  Compared to 
2010, other methods tended to be used in a lower pr oportion of activities, but were allocated a larger 
share of the programme when used.  In a context of  lower WTO resources for TA, work is going on to 
improve the coordination, coherence and manage ment of reduced TA resources (through innovative 
partnerships, prioritisation, etc.). 
3. The immediate outcome of the TA activities – i.e.  the difference that an activity made for its 
participants – is traditionally measured through the self-evaluation presented by the trainers in the 
back-to-office report (BTOR).  Most such reports si mply presented the views of the participants on 
the activity even when objective i ndicators, such as results of quizzes or exercises, were available.  
The Secretariat has undertaken to improve this as pa rt of its current move to RBM.  According to 
participants, 100% of the TA activities achieved their stated objectives completely or almost 
completely.  These objectives generally incl uded improving partic ipants' knowledge and 
understanding on one or several WTO agreements, on DDA negotiations, etc. 
4. As in previous years, the initial analysis of the longer-term outcome of the TA provided by 
the WTO over the years in a limited number of countries showed some very positive effects and 
impact, in particular on the compliance with their WTO obligations.  The introduction of RBM in 2012 should lead to more solid evidence in this domain. 
5. In 2011, the Technical Co-operation Audit (TCA ) reviewed more specifically the follow-up 
of the recommendations contained in BTORs and pe rformed an ex-post evaluation of the Geneva 
Weeks for non-resident Members and Observers.  It recommended the implementation of a formal 
mechanism to follow-up on BTOR recommenda tions, as approximately half of the past 
recommendations had not been followed-up.  Th is mechanism will be implemented through the 
introduction of RBM.  Geneva Weeks have been reas onably successful so far.  The current changes in 
WTO circumstances is prompting a reconsideration of the main parameters of the programme, to make sure that WTO resources are used in a way wh ich best satisfies the needs of non-residents.  The 
objectives and programme of the Geneva Week are currently being revised in this perspective.  WT/COMTD/W/187 
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  II. INTRODUCTION 
6. In anticipation of the implementation of Resu lt-based Management (RBM) for its technical 
assistance and training activities in 2012, since last  year the Technical Cooperation Audit (TCA) 
Report has been structured around the key component s of the WTO logical framework.  After a short 
reminder of the methodology used by the evaluato rs, a first section on Output discusses certain key 
aspects of the activities implemented in 2011 and TCA's main findings on them.  A distinction is then 
made in a second section between the immediat e and longer-term Outcome of the activities.  
Implementing RBM for WTO technical assistance and training activities is still work in progress.  In 
this context, it was not considered appropriate to formulate any new recommendation at this stage. 
7. For the sake of concision, the information on In put and Output presented by the Secretariat in 
its report on the implementation of the technical assistance and training plan has not been repeated 
here.1  It has been assumed that Members were already acquainted with it. 
III. AUDIT METHODOLOGY 
8. This report is based on a compilation and analysis of several types of information:  comments 
gathered through interviews of government officials,  documents and responses to questionnaires that 
were available to TCA about the various TA activities organized by the WTO in 2011: 
(a) Interviews  of government officials, based either in the capitals or in Geneva, provided 
invaluable information on the effects a nd impact of WTO TA in the countries 
concerned. 
(b) Back-to-Office Reports  (BTORs) prepared by the WTO officers in charge of the 
activity.  BTORs have a standardized form at and content identifying the objectives of 
the activity and performance indicators in term s of effectiveness and efficiency.  They 
should take into account the Evaluation Forms (see (d)) filled by the participants, but constitute essentially an auto-evaluation by the trainers.  The main focus of BTORs 
should be the assessment of the immediate outcome of the activity (i.e. whether and 
the extent to which the immediate objectiv es of the activity have been achieved).  
They generally contain recommendations  for improvement.  Two hundred and 
fourteen BTORs have been produced in 2 011 (i.e. for 77 per cent of the activities). 
(c) Memoranda  prepared by the WTO officers in ch arge of the activity.  The main 
difference with BTORs is that the format and content of such memos is not standardized.  They tend to be shorter and do not necessarily address all the issues 
found in BTORs.  For example, they generally limit themselves to a presentation of 
the output and rarely discuss the immediate out come of the activity.  Memos are used 
when the standardized format of the BTOR  would not be appropriated, due to the 
specificities of the activity.  Thirty-one such  Memos have been produced in 2011 (i.e. 
for 11 per cent of the activities). 
(d) Participant's Evaluation Forms  (PEFs) completed by participants at the end of many 
activities.  PEFs ask participants to rate  a series of items from 1 (bad) to 5 (very 
good), such as achievement of the objectives, quality of the activity, level of knowledge prior and after the activity, etc.  Participants can add comments to their 
responses. 
                                                      
1  See document WT/COMTD/W/186. WT/COMTD/W/187 
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  9. The analysis of these documents was complement ed by field visits to a small sample of 
activities.  During these visits, the evaluators observe d the activity and interviewed the participants.  
They also organized a final evaluation session in which participants were  asked for improvement 
suggestions.  Field visits used to be programmed in a way which rotated the subjects, regions and 
trainers concerned, with a view to cover most of th em over a three-year cycle.  Field visits target in 
priority regional activities, so th at evaluation costs remain commensu rate to the cost of the activity 
itself.  In 2011, these plans were disrupted by the cancellation of many of the activities initially 
identified for a field visit, due to political instab ility in several countries in 2011 and to liquidity 
problems in the Global Trust Fund (GTF).  As a resu lt, TCA could only perform three field visits in 
2011.
2 
10. Whenever necessary or useful, the evaluators also discussed with the various Secretariat 
officers involved in the organization or delivery of an activity. 
IV. OUTPUT 
11. TCA has formulated in the past a number of  recommendations concerning the TA output of 
the Secretariat. 3  Output can be analysed in terms of volume of activities organised, duration of such 
activities, number of participants in each activity, s ubjects covered, teaching methods used, etc.  The 
statistics in Annex 3 show how some of these indi cators have evolved in 2011.  TCA also focused 
more specifically during the year on the Geneva Week for non-resident Members and Observers and 
on the follow-up on the recommendations included in previous year BTORs. 
A. EXISTING OUTPUT INDICATORS  
1. Management of TA activities 
12. In 2011, at the request of senior management, TCA conducted an analysis of the follow-up of 
recommendations  contained in 499 Back to Office Reports (BTORs) issued in 2009-2010. 
13. More than half of recommendations related to the organisation of the activities (e.g. on 
design, content, training methods, duration) and a qua rter to trainer issues (mainly on partnerships).  
Three quarters of all recommendations were calling for some sort of adaptation.  39% of all 
recommendations had not been followed-up.  Lack of follow-up was mainly due to oversight, whilst 
the implementation of a number of recommendations was still pending. 
14. This showed the limits of the current in formal approach towards follow-up of BTOR 
recommendations, which led TCA to propose the impl ementation of a formal mechanism.  The new 
mechanism holds the potential to enhance the efficien cy, effectiveness and sustainability of the results 
related to TA activities, as well as to impr ove overall accountability and transparency.  Its 
implementation should lead to a more sy stematic monitoring of the TA offer. 
2. Promotion of Quality over Quantity 
15. Reduce the number of activities and, hence, prioritise :  Even if there is no official policy 
to reduce the number of activities organised each year,4 the table in Annex 3 shows that 2011 was the 
third year in a row where the total number of national and regional activities organised by the 
Secretariat went down (by 21 per cent in 2011 from a total of 338 in 2010 to 266 in 2011).  The 
decrease accelerated in 2011.  Whilst the total numbe r of national and regional activities organised by 
                                                      
2  See list attached as Annex 1. 
3  See list of past recommendations attached as Annex 2. 
4  See explanation in sec tion II (paragraph 17) in document WT/COMTD/W/186.  WT/COMTD/W/187 
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  WTO remained somewhat stable during the period 2003-8, at 385 per year on average, it has 
decreased by 30% over the past three years.  In 2011, the decrease was essentia lly due to the reasons 
already mentioned above in paragraph 9. 
16. As financial necessity more than virtue led to this reduction, TCA could not detect any 
attempt to prioritise in 2011.  The lower volume of  activities generated only limited real time savings, 
since the Secretariat continued to organise all the planned activities before cancelling them in the last 
stages of the process.  As a result, it was not possi ble to dedicate more time to the activities which 
actually took place to improve their quality. 
17. Limit the number of participants (30 max) :  The statistics on the average number of 
participants in regional activities (see Annex 3) show  that the mild growth of the average number of 
participants per activity continued in 2011.  At 32.8, this average exceeded the recommended limit of 
30 by 9%.  The standard deviation from this average also continued its slow growth to reach almost 
13 participants, which means that the size of certai n groups tends to become bigger.  Even if the 
actual average size of the groups has not yet reach ed a level where the use of interactive teaching 
methods would become problematic, the trend over th e past six years is worrying since this average 
has grown 58%over that period.  If this trend is not  reversed, we might soon reach a stage where the 
size of the groups will become a real problem in an increasingly high number of activities. 
18. On average, there was a selection of the par ticipants in 45% of the activities for which TCA 
received a BTOR (19% of national activities, 64% of regional activitie s and up to 100% of 
internships, RTPCs and Geneva-based courses).  This  shows that an increasing proportion of regional 
or global activities organised by the WTO involve a selection of participants.  However, in a number 
of cases, part of the countries invited to an activity fail to nominate enough candidates for the 
organisers to make any selection.  This inevitably reduces the benefits that should accrue to the group 
from a selection of the most appropriate candidates. 
19. Lengthen the duration of activities (full weeks) :  TCA has collected statistics on the 
average duration of activities since 2002 (see Annex 3).  In 2011, the average duration of national 
activities was somewhat stable at 2.6 days, after the sharp fall registered in 2009.  The average 
duration of regional activities increased in 2011 to re ach 3.5 days.  This means that the duration gap 
between national and regional activities keeps increasi ng.  Regional activities are on average almost 
one day longer than national ones.  In any event, the average duration of both national and regional 
activities in 2011 still remained rather short.  The insufficient duration of WTO activities is the criticism most frequently voiced by participants.  Th is would lead to an insufficient coverage of 
certain parts of the programme or limit the use of  interactive training methods designed to maximise 
the acquisition of knowledge and skills by participants.  It is worth recalling that, up to a total duration 
of five days, the cost of extending the duration of an  activity by half a day or a full day remains fairly 
marginal. 
3. Improvement of Delivery 
20. More interactive training methods (more exercises, case studies, quizzes, etc.) :  2011 is 
the second year for which data on the use of intera ctive training methods are available.  The small 
variations detected between 2010 a nd 2011 may consequently not be real trends.  If lectures remain 
the predominant medium used to deliver TA activiti es, their average share of the programme shrank 
marginally.  They were still used in all activities for which statistics were available and represented on 
average just under half of the total training time.  The rest of the training time remained shared on 
average almost equally between Q&A (15%), exer cises (14%) and case studies / simulations (11%), 
with minor ups and downs compared to the previous year .  The latter were used in just over half of the 
activities (51%), however, a much lower occurr ence than Q&A (83%) and exercises (71%).  
Compared to 2010, these interactive training methods  tended to be used in a lower proportion of WT/COMTD/W/187 
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  activities, but were allocated a larger share of th e programme when used.  These averages hide huge 
variations between activities, as some of them (e.g . thematic courses on trade negotiations) are almost 
entirely based on simulations, whilst at the other end of the spectrum, 10% of national activities 
remain almost entirely based on lectures. 
B. R
EVIEW OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES  
1. Geneva Weeks for non-Residents 
21. The Geneva Week programme has been successful  so far.  It achieved its three stated 
objectives in a satisfactory manner, as it improve d the knowledge of participants about the DDA 
negotiations, the work of the WTO and its TA offer;  it exposed participants to the work of certain 
WTO bodies; and it allowed participants to interact  with WTO staff member s, with other Geneva-
based organisations a nd other delegations. 
22. Limited adjustments have progressively been introduced in the Geneva Weeks' programme 
(more time dedicated to TA-related issues and less to WTO bodies) and in their presentation (involvement of negotiating groups' chairmen, o ccasional use of interactive methods, etc.).  
Documentation is now available in advance on-li ne.  These changes have been welcomed by the 
participants, but failed to address their main concern about the lack of time available for consultations. 
23. Following the evaluation in 2011 of the Geneva Week activity for non-resident WTO 
Members and Observers, an inter-divisional task fo rce led by the Development Division was set up to 
implement some of the actions recommended. Some  of these changes have already been introduced 
and will be reflected in the next Geneva Week  event scheduled for July 2012. They include 
organizing Geneva Week events around major topics and themes of systemic importance to the WTO 
and its Members, such as the WTO's recent 8
th Ministerial Conference in December 2011 or the 
upcoming Trade Facilitation Symposium in July 2012.  Other changes include allocating more time for 
non-resident participants to hold individual consulta tions with WTO Secretariat staff, other Members 
or with experts from Geneva-based inter-government al organizations. Additionally, the management 
of Geneva Week will be improved with the use of  Results-Based Management principles, which will 
be in keeping with the other T echnical Assistance activities of the WTO.  Meanwhile, the objectives 
and aims of Geneva Week have  been updated. Achieving the objectives will now be measured 
through newly developed indicators. Further chang es include encouraging participants to be more 
active users of e-training to prepare for their vi sit to Geneva and a more careful and systematic 
monitoring of attendance of registered participants  at the various committee meetings and briefings 
conducted over the five days of Geneva Week. 
 
2. Other activities reviewed in previous years 
(a) E-Training 
24. As a result of the move to a permanent availability of existing e-training courses, of the 
upgrade of the e-training platform and of the intr oduction of two new courses on market access for 
trade in goods and trade & environment, the WTO offer boomed in 2011.  The total number of days 
on which e-training was available was multiplied by sev en on average.  The in crease was even more 
impressive for the availability of e-training in Fren ch and Spanish, which were less frequently offered 
in the past than e-training in English. 
25. This increased availability made it possible to offe r to 40% more participants to follow an e-
training course in 2011, in spite of a reduction in the number of applications received.  Whilst in the 
past WTO could barely satisfy half of the applicati ons, this limitation has been removed in 2011.  This  WT/COMTD/W/187 
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  logically led to a comparable increase in the number of participants effectively following an e-training 
course, and eventually to a 20% increase in the number of successful participants. 
26. The introduction course now used as a prerequis ite for many TA activities was recast in 2011.  
The new version of the course taking on board a number of the suggestions formulated in 2010 became available towards the end of the year. 
V. OUTCOME 
27. The main focus of the WTO evaluation methodolo gy has historically been on the immediate 
outcome of the TA activities, i.e. on whether the immediate objectives assigned to an activity have been fulfilled.  This approach has been progressively complemented  over time to start addressing the 
longer-term outcome of WTO TA.  A first step in that direction was the introduction of ex-post 
evaluations of certain programmes in 2006, followed  by the initiation in 2009 of the assessment of the 
effects and impact of TA activities at country level.   Further progress on this front should be expected 
in 2012 as a result of the introduction of RBM. 
A. I
MMEDIATE OUTCOME  
28. The immediate outcome of WTO TA activities is the achievement of the immediate 
objectives assigned by the trainers to each activ ity.  Significant progress has been made in the 
formulation of the objectives, which are now al most always presented in a way which catches the 
difference the activity should make for the partic ipants (e.g. improved knowledge or skills, etc.). 
29. A back-to-office-report (BTOR) prepared by th e trainers who organised and delivered a TA 
activity is the main instrument through which the immediate outcome of WTO TA activities is 
evaluated.  In principle, they constitute a self-eval uation of the activity by the trainers themselves.  
However, in 2011 most BTORs limited themselv es to the presentation of the opinion of the 
participants, as expressed in the evaluation questionn aire at the end of the activity, even when other 
more objective indicators (e.g. results of quizzes, of ex ercises or simulations, etc.) were available.  In 
preparation of the implementation of RBM, TCA ha s proposed changes to the BTOR template which 
should contribute to fixing this shortcoming of the past practice. 
30. The increase in the number of reports produced h as been one of the main achievements of the 
last three years.  TCA continued to draw the attention to the missing reports on a quarterly basis.  The overall reporting rate for the year was 89%, marginal ly better than in 2010 but still lower than in 2009 
(see graph in Annex 3). 
B. L
ONGER -TERM OUTCOME  
31. Since 2009, on the occasion of its field visits, TCA performs country reviews, whereby it 
assesses with the authorities of the host country the effects and impact of the TA received from WTO 
over the past five years.  In 2012, due to the cance llation of most of the field visits, TCA performed 
only one country review, in Botswana.  This review was guided by a standard list of questions trying 
to measure the impact for the officials who particip ated in the activities, for the teams to which they 
belonged and for the country as a whole.  A list of the officials of the country who participated in 
WTO activities since 2005 was provided to the auth orities in advance to guide the discussion. 
32. Whilst the anecdotal evidence gathered over th e years cannot be considered as representative 
at this stage, especially given the contrasts betw een national situations, it provides a very valuable 
insight into the concrete results produced.  It also led to the formulation of interesting suggestions on 
how to improve WTO TA in the future. WT/COMTD/W/187 
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  33. In 2012, the main findings were the following: 
(a) Better compliance with Members' WTO obligations (e.g. notifications, 
implementation of accession commitments, submission to a TPR) was the most visible effect or impact, even if significant variations remain according to the areas or the Members concerned. 
(b) WTO TA activities had allowed governments to increase their participation in certain 
targeted WTO negotiations (trade faci litation in all cases, followed by NAMA and 
agriculture) and in RTAs. 
(c) TA activities have also helped improve or  reinforce the internal organisation and 
capabilities of the governments to deal w ith WTO matters, although absorption 
capacity and staff turn-over remained a real challenge in the smallest countries.  This 
was critical to the conduct of the accession pr ocess.  The structures developed for the 
accession had a lasting role afterwards.  They  were particularly useful to implement 
commitments and explain the policy of the government to national stakeholders (private sector, MPs, etc.). 
(d) The formulation and implementation of a coherent development-enhancing trade 
policy, although still a real challenge, also  benefited indirectly from the improved 
trade culture generated by TRTA. 
(e) Governments were generally satisfied with the assistance received from WTO, which 
they perceived as useful and of good quality, especially the advanced and regional three-month trade policy courses and long-term internship programmes.  However, in 
many cases the TRTA received by the governments was provided predominantly by 
bilateral donors and the assistance recei ved from WTO was somewhat marginal. 
_______________ WT/COMTD/W/187 
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  ANNEX 1: 
 
On site evaluations carried out by TCA in 2011 
  
1. Botswana Regional Seminar on Regional Trade Agreements for English-Speaking 
African Countries (17-19 May 2011) 
 2. Vienna Seminar on WTO Accessions for Central and Eastern Europe, Central Asia 
and the Caucasus Region (12-14 July 2011) 
 
3. Geneva Reference Centre Training fo r NTP and MIP Trainees (23-24 November 
2011) 
 WT/COMTD/W/187 
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  ANNEX 2: 
 
List of past TCA main recommendations 
  R
ECOMMENDATIONS ON OUTPUT  
1. Management of TA Activities 
Have contingency plans for slack financial times 
Promote cross-fertilisation amongst trainers Use video conference to replace short long-distance missions 
Formulate division-wide TA objectives 
Follow-up on prior recommendations Transform the regional desks Modify the current planning method for regional activities Benchmark each of the three levels of progressive learning, subject by subject 
 
2. Promotion of Quality over Quantity 
Prepare the activities properly (e.g. planning) 
Reduce the number of activities and, hence, prioritise Limit the number of participants (30 max.) Lengthen the duration of activities (full weeks) 
Adopt an in-depth focus and use time efficiently 
Share lessons learned with colleagues and adjust pr ogrammes, presentations, exercises, structures, etc. 
accordingly  
3. Improvement of Delivery 
More interactive training methods (mor e exercises, case studies, quizzes, etc.) 
Create a Secretariat database of pedagogical tools Improve training skills (training of trainers – ToT) Identify and disseminate best practice  
4. WTO Reference Centres (RFCs) 
Develop long-term strategy for RFCs;  identify those in need of permanent support, such as Internet 
connection support Reduce the number of missions;  assess Members' needs and plan the missions better Develop guidelines on the operation of a RFC Integrate RFCs in other activities / programmes 
Promote network of RFCs 
Focus training on the five main WTO databases;  train RFC coordinators in information management 
Enforce annual reporting by RFCs  
5. e-Training 
Have a comprehensive offer covering each of the WTO agreements and subjects 
Consider those who have completed an e-training for other activities 
Raise level of other activities, as basics provided through e-training Develop synergies between e-training and other TA products Beef-up the resources dedicated to e-trai ning and upgrade the internet platform 
Review the objectives, content and exams of e-trai ning courses to adjust them to the three-level 
progressive learning structure  WT/COMTD/W/187 
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  Review the methodology and pedagogy of the courses (greater use of examples, of the book of legal 
texts, etc.)  
6. Trade Facilitation Self-Assessment of Needs and Priorities 
Report to all Members about the achievement of objectives 
Improve coordination in the scheduling of WTO TA activities in the countries concerned 
Promote the participation of all stak eholders at the appropriate level 
Secure an appropriate level of  political support from governments 
Develop and implement a follow-up mechanism  7. Regional Trade Policy Courses (RTPCs) 
Organize the WTO partnerships with regiona l institutions for their entire duration 
Gradually increase the partners' responsibilities over the years Strengthen the coordination mechanisms between  regional and WTO trainers to improve the 
effectiveness of the joint lecturing arrangements 
Systematise reporting on each RTPC 
Cooperate with all stakeholders on course design, selection and briefing of re gional trainers, training 
methods, pedagogical tools, etc. Facilitate networking between former and current R TPC partners, regional trainers and WTO experts 
 
8. Internship Programmes 
Assess Missions' needs for interns and regroup their funding in the GTF 
 
9. Advanced Trade Policy Course (ATPCs) 
Define the concepts or provisions that participants are assumed to already master 
Adopt a horizontal approach (instead of the current  subject by subject approach) based on a series of 
case studies or simulations cutting across a variety of subjects 
Discontinue the Project segment Reinstate weekly debriefings or revisions and a final wrap-up of the course   
R
ECOMMENDATIONS ON OUTCOME  
Increase the share of demand-driven activities so as to better respond to Members' needs 
Assess Member's needs beforehand Respect WTO reporting guidelines Define objectives, performance indicators, evaluation methods Use TCA's services to assist in their formulation 
Measure the impact of the activities a nd analyse performance in this light 
Insert new indicators in the BTORs  WT/COMTD/W/187 
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  ANNEX 3: 
 
Output Statistics on WTO TA 
2003 - 2011 
 
 
 
 
  WT/COMTD/W/187 
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