WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  IP/C/W/478 
11 October 2006 
 (06 4895) 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects 
of Intellectual Property Rights Original:   English 
 
 
 
TECHNICAL COOPERATION ACTIVITIES:  INFORMATION FROM 
OTHER INTERGOVERNMEN TAL ORGANIZATIONS 
 
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT 
 
  At its meeting of 14-15 June 2006, the Council for TRIPS agreed to invite intergovernmental 
organization observers to the Council to update th e information on their technical and financial 
cooperation programmes relating to the impl ementation of the TRIPS Agreement.   
 
 The present document reproduces the inform ation which has been received from the 
Organisation for Economic Co-ope ration and Development (OECD) by means of a communication 
dated 15 September 2006.     Communications from other intergovernmental or ganizations will be circulated as addenda to 
this document.   
_______________ 
   Thank you for your letter of 30 August 2006 requesting information on any technical and 
financial co-operation programmes of the OE CD relating to the implementation of the 
TRIPS Agreement.  While the OECD has a range  of activities under way relating to intellectual 
property rights and relevant to the TRIPS Agreemen t, we have not separately targeted implementation 
of the Agreement as a specific focus for technical co-operation.  The OECD does not operate financial 
co-operation programmes related to the im plementation of the TRIPS Agreement.  
 
 The attached document provides an ove rview of OECD activities related to 
intellectual property rights (also availa ble on-line at the following location:  
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/60/61/34305040.pdf
).  Among the projects described in the overview, I 
would like to draw your attention in particular to the projects on "IPR in China" (p. 4) and on 
"Combating Counterfeiting" (pp. 4- 5 and www.oecd.org/sti/counterfeiting ) which directly reference 
TRIPS issues. In addition, please note that upcomi ng work on IPRs in the OECD Trade Directorate 
will be focused on technology transfer issues, IPR implementation issues in the so-called BRIC 
countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China), and diss emination of recent research findings.  Further 
details of current OECD news and activities related to intellectual property rights can be found at the 
OECD home page for IPR issues www.oecd.org/sti/ipr . 
 
_______________ 
 IP/C/W/478 
Page 2  
 
  COMPENDIUM OF OECD ACTIVITIES RELATED TO IPR  
 
Interim Edition, February 2006
 
  
 The OECD is carrying out numerous activities re lated to intellectual property rights (IPR).  
This document provides an overview of ongoing and r ecently completed work.  It is organized by the 
OECD directorate, focusing on the Directorate fo r Science, Technology and Industry, the Economics 
Department, and the Trade Directorate.  IPR issues  also arise in the work of the Directorate for 
Financial and Enterprise Affairs, the Environmen t Directorate, and the Directorate for Food, 
Agriculture and Fisheries.  Additional details of so me of the work outlined below can be found in the 
references given at the end.    
I. DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY (DSTI)  
1. IPR work within the Directorate for Science,  Technology and Industry (DSTI) is conducted 
under the auspices of several OECD committees, including the Committee for Scientific and 
Technological Policy (CSTP) and the Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy (ICCP), and their respective working parties:  Working Party on Innovation and Technology Policy (TIP), Working Party on National Expert s on Science and Technology Indicators (NESTI), 
Working Party on Biotechnology (WPB), and Work ing Party on the Information Economy (WPIE).  
For more information visit www.oecd.org/sti/ipr
. 
2. To complement the projects mentioned below, STI is also in the process of developing 
research and analysis to help OECD members address policy issues relating to access and management of knowledge and IPR.  This cross- cutting activity would address "open access" issues in 
a range of thematic or sectoral contexts ranging from science, R&D to biotechnology and the digital 
environment. 
3. Intellectual assets and value creation.  Knowledge exploitation is increasingly important for 
generating growth and maintaining a competitive advantage, which has spurred interest in 
understanding the various mechanis ms for generating knowledge (e.g . education, training and 
research and development), exploiting it (e.g. so called knowledge management practices) and 
appropriating it (e.g. intellectual property).  Against this background, Ministers meeting at the OECD 
in May 2004 proposed a programme of work to impr ove the understanding of the role of intellectual 
assets and their importance to economic performance.   The work is focused on four types of 
intellectual assets – R&D, patents, software and human capital – and will ex amine ways to improve 
their measurement, assess their contribution to firm-level and macroeconomic competitiveness, 
ultimately enabling firms to better convey their value for purposes of internal management and 
external investment decisions.  Th is work is being conducted in a multidisciplinary fashion across the 
OECD, with the involvement of expe rts in education policy and corpor ate affairs, and will be reported 
to Ministers in 2006.  As part of this work, a forum on "Business Performance and Intellectual Assets" 
was organized in October 2004 and a large interna tional policy conference on "Intellectual Assets and 
Innovation:  Value Creation in the Knowledge Economy" will be held in Ferrara, Italy in October 
2005.  Jointly organized with the University of Fe rrara, the conference will bring together experts, 
practitioners and policy makers to discuss how firms and other organizations are harnessing 
intellectual assets for performance, to explore ways to improve reporting on value creation from 
intellectual assets, and to draw policy implications (see www.oecd.org/sti/ipr
 and 
www.ferraraonintangibles.net ) The project will issue a report for the 2006 meeting of the OECD 
Council at the ministerial level. 
4. Valuation and exploitation of patents.  Work on IPR, innovation and technology diffusion, 
developed in conjunc tion with the horizontal project on in tellectual assets and value creation, is  IP/C/W/478 
 Page 3 
 
 
  focused on patent valuation and e xploitation and considers such topics as licensing.  A conference on 
"Intellectual Property as an Economic Asset:  Key I ssues in Valuation and Exploitation" was jointly 
organized by the OECD, the European Patent Offi ce (EPO) and the German  Federal Ministry of 
Economic and Labour (BMWA) in Berlin on 30 June  and 1 July 2005.  The aim of the conference 
was to review current motivations and practices fo r patent valuation and ex ploitation across industry 
sectors and to examine ways in which public an d private sector organizations can improve the 
effectiveness of the system of IP valuation and exploitation.  The background and issues paper and 
copies of the presentations made by the sp eakers are available at www.oecd.org/sti/ipr .  A summary 
report of the conference has been published in October 2005.  The OECD is preparing a study on valuation and exploitation of IP for publication in the Spring of 2006. 
5. Guidelines for the licensing of genetic inventions.  The OECD is developing policy 
guidelines for the transfer of genetic inventio ns, especially through licence agreements.  These 
voluntary guidelines are addressed to policy makers  and practitioners in charge of promoting 
innovation in health-related services, in particular t hose involved in the licensing of inventions.  The 
development of these guidelines results from an OE CD expert workshop held to investigate the 
impact of increased patenting and licensing of genetic inventions used in human health care on access 
to information, products and services for researchers, clinicians and patients.  The workshop indicated 
that the intellectual property (IP) system, as applie d to genetic inventions, functions largely as 
intended – stimulating innovation and the disclosure of information, and found no evidence to suggest 
a systemic breakdown in the licensing of such inventions (see OECD 2002, Genetic Inventions, IPR 
and Licensing Practices:  Evidence and Policies).  Nevertheless, specific issues were identified at the 
workshop, leading to the proposal to develop licensing guidelines through a number of expert 
meetings.  Development of the guidelines was endor sed at the OECD Committee for Scientific and 
Technological Policy (CSTP) meeting at ministerial le vel in January 2004, as well as by OECD health 
ministers at their meeting in May 2004.  It is in tended that the draft guidelines will be submitted to the 
Working Party on Biotechnology, the CSTP and the OECD Council for adoption 
as a Recommendation in 2006. More information may be obtained at 
www.oecd.org/sti/biotech nology/licensing.  
 
6. Collaborative mechanisms fo r access to innovative techno logies in life sciences.  The 
increased number of patents issued in the life scien ces, as in other innovative fields, has raised issues 
especially with respect to access.  Many interested parties have expressed concerns with respect to 
access to technologies to be employed (for example, as research tools), inputs for product 
development (for example in the context of developing vaccines), or the delivery of services, 
especially in the field of human health care.  With a view to identifying solu tions to such issues, the 
OECD is carrying out work on collaborative mech anisms, such as patent pools, patent clearing 
houses, etc.  The underlying premise is to identify the collaborative mechanis ms that encourage and 
facilitate access to and the use of innovative technologies.  These types of mechanisms are 
increasingly being considered and used in other fi elds, especially the information and communications 
technologies, as means for increasing access to i nnovations for research and commercialization 
purposes.  One goal of this work is to identify th e manner in which collaborative mechanisms may be 
employed in the life sciences, especially for genetic or genomic innovations. 
7. Research use of patented inventions.  Following a request from ministers at the CSTP 
Ministerial meeting in January 2004, a project is  being developed to examine national practices and 
policies regarding research use of patented inven tions and the knowledge embedded in them.  This 
will include a review of research (or experimental use)  exemptions in patent law, and their impact on 
the conduct of scientific research and innovation fo r which the Secretariat will be assisted by a 
network of national experts.  The objective of the project is to identify effective mechanisms for 
maintaining strong industry-science linkages in the face of increased patenting by both public and 
private sector inventors.  A conference jointly organized by the OECD, the Spanish Research Council IP/C/W/478 
Page 4  
 
  and the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office, with the support of the European Patent Office through 
its European Patent Academy, will be held in Madrid on 18-19 May 2006.   
8. IPR, innovation and economic performance.  This activity, developed between 2002 and 
2004, aimed to provide evidence-based analysis of the effects of IPR regimes on incentives for 
innovation, diffusion of knowledge and, ultimately, economic performance, with the aim of providing 
guidance to policy makers.  The work focused primar ily on patents, but addressed copyright and data 
base protection to the extent they influence paten ting behaviour.  It examin ed new conditions for 
knowledge appropriation and diffusion;  the impact  of IPR on invention, knowledge diffusion and 
economic performance;  IP management in public research organizations;  biotechnology patenting;  
IPR for software and services;  and policy implicati ons.  A survey on changes in business patenting 
and licensing practices was undertaken in co-ope ration with the OECD's Business and Industry 
Advisory Committee (BIAC) as an input to th e study, and a major conference was held 
on 28-29 August 2003 in Paris, the proceedings of which are now available as an OECD publication (see OECD 2004, Patents, Innovation and Ec onomic Performance.  OECD Conference Proceedings ).  
In addition, a report on Patents and Innovation:  Trends and Policy Challenges drawing from this 
work was submitted to the meeting of the OECD Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy 
at Ministerial level in January 2004.  Follow-up work  is taking the form of studies on the role of IPR 
in innovation and know ledge diffusion and on research use of pa tented knowledge, c onsistent with the 
guidance provided by science and technology Ministers (see Meeting of the OECD CSTP at 
Ministerial Level -  Final Communiqué  available on www.oecd.org/sti/stpolicy
). 
9. Patent statistics .  OECD work on patent statistics is conducted in close co-operation with the 
members of the Patents Task Force, which brings together the world's majo r patent offices (European 
Patent Office, Japanese Patent Office, United States Patent and Trademark Office and the World Intellectual Property Organization) as well as major providers of statistics and indicators on science 
and technology (the European Commission, Eurost at, and US National Science Foundation).  The 
main objective is to develop an international sta tistical infrastructure for patents, with a strong 
emphasis on the development of databases and met hodologies.  This infrastructure provides the 
conditions for improving the comparability and qua lity of patent indicators, enhancing the 
accessibility of patent statistics and facilitating the de velopment of a new generation of indicators for 
policy and research use.  Method ological work has focused on the development of appropriate 
parameters for counting patent data , definitions of triadic patent families, patent data for specific 
technological areas and industries, patent citations, and firm-level patent data.  A core set of indicators 
for more than 100 countries is available on the OE CD Internet site (www.oecd.org/sti/ipr-statistics
).  
A range of variables for major countries is available in a Compendium of Patents Statistics , published 
in October 2004.  The current OE CD patent database covers info rmation on EPO patents, USPTO 
patents and OECD triadic patents.  However, the OECD is working closely with patents taskforce 
members to develop a database that will include pate nt information from other major patent offices.  
In parallel, a survey is being conducted to bette r understand the requirements and needs of users of 
patent statistics and indicators.  A workshop on the use of patent statistics was organized jointly by 
the OECD and the World Intellectual Property Or ganization in Geneva (11-12 October 2004) to 
understand the challenges faced by th e suppliers of patent statistics in meeting the emerging needs of 
various users and identify important directions for future work.  This work shop was a follow up to 
the 2003 WIPO-OECD workshop on statistics in the pa tent field.  All the papers presented at the 
workshop are available on the OECD Intern et site (www.oecd.org/sti/ipr-statistics ).  The latest 
meeting of the Patents Task Force took place in  October 2005 and reviewed progress with the 
development of a global patents database (PATSTAT), and other issues of common concern to Task Force members, such as a citations database, name harmonization, data access and 
dissemination, etc.  The 2005 edition of the OECD  Compendium of Patents Statistics has been 
released and is available online (http ://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/60/24/8208325.pdf
).  IP/C/W/478 
 Page 5 
 
 
  10. Intellectual property management in public research organizations .  A two-year project 
on the strategic use of IPR by public research or ganizations was completed in 2003 and options for 
follow-up work are being evaluated .  The project reviewed national la ws and regulations governing 
the ownership and exploitation of  IPR at universities and other public research organizations, and 
surveyed technology transfer offices at universiti es and public laboratories to collect the first 
internationally comparable country data on acad emic patents, licences and technology transfer 
activities.  In addition, a series of case-studies were  prepared to examine recent legislative or policy 
changes in OECD countries to enhance protection a nd exploitation of academic IPR, and to explore 
research institutions' strategies and policies for ma naging IP in key fields, such as biotechnology and 
ICT (see OECD 2003 Turning Science Into Business:  Pate nting and Licensing at Public Research 
Organisations ).   
11. IPR and digital broadband content.  Digital content is an increasingly major part of OECD 
economies which are shifting from manufacture of phys ical items to high value intangibles.  As such 
digital content is becoming increasingly ubiquitous , driven by growing capabilities and performance 
of delivery platforms, the rapid uptake of broadband technologies and improved performance of 
hardware and software.  New formats, digital distribution technologies and playing devices are 
bringing new opportunities and challenges to dig ital content industries, the public sector and 
copyrights and related rights.  The Working Party on the Information Economy (WPIE) has 
completed stocktaking studies of sectors where dig ital content is transforming value chains and 
business models (including in scientific publishing, music, online computer and video games.  See 
www.oecd.org/sti/digitalcontent ).  In the area of public sector content, the WPIE is analysing the 
challenges relating to digitizing and distributing public sector information (meteorological data, etc.), 
and providing better access to public sector conten t (archives, museums, etc) and publicly funded 
research.  As part of this work, the WPIE is analysing emerging policy issues (including the protection of IPR, digital rights management, cha llenges to the development of new business models 
linked with current IPR frameworks, new licensi ng schemes, etc.).  The OECD Recommendation of 
the Council on Broadband Development urges me mber countries to implement "regulatory 
frameworks that balance the interests of suppliers  and users, in areas such as the protection of 
intellectual property rights, and digital right s management without disadvantaging innovative 
e-business models".  In January 2006, the OECD jo intly organized a high-level conference with the 
Italian Ministry for Innovation and Technologies on th e "Future Digital Economy:  Content Creation, 
Access and Distribution" to identify business, technological and policy approaches for broadband 
content and the digital economy (see w ww.oecd.org/sti/digitalcontent/conference
).   
12. IPR in China.  In the framework of OECD activiti es with non-member countries, DSTI 
worked with the Chinese government authorities to orga nize two events related to IPR in April 2004:  
(i) a workshop on Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development in China;  and (ii) a 
seminar on Intellectual Property Rights Issues Relate d to Public Research Institutions.  The general 
objective of these events was to share OECD insight  and experience related to IP policies and the 
promotion of technological innovation and social  and economic growth in a knowledge based 
economy.  The events were also expected to cont ribute to the design of China's IP regime and a 
modernization strategy based on technological upgrad ing, openness to foreign investment and further 
integration into the global economy.  These efforts ar e linked to China's strategy of "Revitalising the 
nation through science and education," which pr omotes growth through science, technology and 
innovation, and seeks to address the challenges of refo rming China's IP regime in line with the TRIPS 
agreement.  These activities provided a basis for fu rther follow up co-operation on IP issues between 
the OECD and China.  The proceedings of these workshops have been published in 2005 and are 
available at www.oecd.org/sti/ipr .  In addition, and jointly with  the OECD Public Governance and 
Territorial Development Directorate, the DSTI has prepared a report on "Intellectual Property Rights in China:  Governance Challenges and Prospect s" which has been published as Chapter 14 of a 
broader OECD study of Governance in China  (OECD, 2005). IP/C/W/478 
Page 6  
 
  13. Combating Counterfeiting.  In response to rising concerns  in government and the business 
community, the OECD launched a project in April 2005 that will assess the effects of counterfeiting 
and piracy on economies.  The project, which is being funded by voluntary contributions from 
stakeholders, is being carried out in three separat e phases.  The first phase will focus on counterfeit 
and pirated products (i.e. tangibl e products that infringe trademarks or copyrights), as well as 
infringements of patents and design rights.  It will (i) examine trends and developments in 
counterfeiting and identify the factors driving the increase in counterfeiting activities, (ii) assess the 
impact on affected parties, (iii) provide a series of industry-specific case studies that illustrate the 
different economic, health and safety impacts that  counterfeiting can have, and (iv) describe and 
assess the national and multilateral efforts that have been made to combat counterfeiting, with a view 
towards identifying effective policies and measures.  The analytical work will seek to raise awareness 
of issues associated with counterfeiting and would be used as background for a series of regional 
workshops.  The second phase of the project will focus on piracy of digital content, while the third 
will address all remaining TRIPS infringements.  Wo rk on the first two phases will be carried out 
during 2005 and 2006.   
14. Other DSTI activities on IPR .  In addition to the activities outlined above, a number of other 
DSTI projects touch upon IPR issues.  Work on innovation in services has examined patenting practices of service-sector firms, as well as pattern s of patenting related to software and business 
method inventions (see OECD 2005, Enhancing the Performance of the Services Sector ).  A series of 
sectoral case studies being conducted by the Working Party on Innovation and Technology Policy (TIP) examines innovation patterns in biotechnolo gy, energy and knowledge-intensive service 
activities and considers the effects of IPR on innova tion and knowledge diffusion.  Previous work 
examined the role of patenting and licensing in fostering competition and co-operation in innovation 
and highlighted the increasing trend toward inward and outward licensing of technology by high-technology firms, in particular, in business innovation processes (see OECD 2002, OECD 
Science, Technology and Industry Outlook) .  The Working Party on Biotechnology activity on 
establishing a global network of Biological Resource Centres examines IP issues in the context of 
access and benefit-sharing.  Its work on biotechno logy for sustainable growth and development, 
human genetic research databases and its health-rela ted work, particularly on infectious diseases and 
risk, also addresses IP issues, with a focus on technology diffusion and access to medicines and 
diagnostics. 
II. ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT  
15. Within the Economics Department, the impact  of intellectual property rights has been 
examined recently in a series of econometric studies of the determinants of R&D, patenting and the 
labour market for scientists and e ngineers in a panel of 19 OECD ec onomies.  Each of these separate 
studies included a time series index of the strength of  IPR.  The main conclusion from this work is 
that stronger IP protection has a substantial positive effect on patenting, but only a limited effect on 
R&D intensity.  The amount of research activity per r esearcher is also found to be slightly lower than 
it was before the change, implying that stronger IPR can reduce the labour efficiency of researchers.  
The econometric work also suggested that there may be important interactions between the IPR index 
and some measures of product market competition, w ith stronger IP protection offsetting some of the 
beneficial effects of enhanced competition.  Howe ver, the magnitude of these effects proved difficult 
to pin down precisely.  As the IPR index now h as a similar value for most OECD economies, one 
conclusion from this work is that it is unlikely that  differences in IP protection are the principal factor 
behind continuing cross-country differences in the intensity of innovation activities.   
16. Previous analytical work in the Department, unde rtaken in the context of the OECD's Growth 
Project, also established a significant positive associ ation between the degree of protection for IPR 
and R&D intensity in a cross-section of manufact uring industries in 18 OECD countries.  This 
association was robust to the inclusion of a large num ber of additional indicators of regulatory barriers  IP/C/W/478 
 Page 7 
 
 
  and industry structure.  It was not, however, possible to find robust effects from measures of IPR 
protection on bilateral foreign direct invest ment between OECD member states over the 
period 1980-2000.   
III. TRADE DIRECTORATE  
17. Under the auspices of the OECD Trade Committee,  the Trade Directorate is engaged in work 
on trade-related aspects of intellect ual property rights.  In recent y ears, papers have covered such 
topics as:   
• International Licensing and the Strengthening of Intellectual Property Rights in Developing 
Countries , which presents an assessment of the imp acts of changes in the strength of IPR 
during the 1990s on technology transfer via international licensing deals.   
• The Impact of Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights on Trade and Foreign Direct 
Investment in Developing Countries , which describes the relationship of changes in IPR 
strength to changes in FDI and Trade.   
• Technological Change and the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in the New 
Economy , which provides an overview of developmen ts in international organizations that 
were prompted by technological change and th at relate to international law, initiatives or 
projects concerning IPR.   
• Intellectual Property Rights in Regional Trade Agreements , which reviews selected regional 
trade agreements and the ways they exte nd beyond the minimum requirements of the WTO 
TRIPS Agreement.   
18. Work to date has highlighted the integration of  IPR in multilateral and regional trade accords.  
It points to the existence among developing countries of a positive association between the strength of IPR and a variety of economic indicators, albeit with  some variation across sectors and countries and 
subject to certain conditions.   IP/C/W/478 
Page 8  
 
  RECENT OECD PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY  
 
Reports 
OECD (2005), Compendium of Patents Statistics 2005 , OECD, Paris. 
(http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/60/24/8208325.pdf
) 
OECD (2005), Enhancing the Performance of the Services Sector , Chapter 6 " Promoting Innovation 
in Services ", OECD, Paris. 
OECD (2005), Governance in China,  OECD, Paris, Chapter 14 " Intellectual Property Rights in 
China:  Governance Challenges and Prospects ". 
OECD (2005 ), Intellectual Property as an Economic Asset:  Key Issues in Valuation and Exploitation , 
EPO-OECD-BMWA Conference Summary Report, OECD, Paris. 
OECD (2005), Promoting IPR Policy and Enforcement in China:  Proceedings of OECD-China 
Dialogues on Intellectual Property Rights Policy and Enforcement , OECD, Paris. 
OECD (2004), Information Technology Outlook 2004 , Chapter 5, " Digital Content ", OECD Paris.   
 
OECD (2004), Patents, Innovation and Economic Performance:  OECD Conference Proceedings , 
OECD, Paris.   
OECD (2004), Patents and Innovation:  Trends and Policy Challenges , OECD, Paris.   
OECD (2003), Regionalism and the Multilateral Trading System , OECD, Paris.   
OECD (2003), The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries , OECD Paris.   
OECD (2003), Turning Science into Business:  Pate nting and Licensing at Public Research 
Organisations , OECD, Paris.   
OECD (2002), Genetic Inventions, IPR, and Licensi ng Practices;  Evidence and Policies , OECD, 
Paris.   
OECD (2002), Information Technology Outlook 2002 , OECD, Paris.   
OECD (2001), The New Economy:  Beyond the Hype , OECD, Paris. 
OECD (2002), Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2002 , OECD, Paris. 
OECD (2001), Science, Technology and Industry Outlook:  Drivers of Growth - Information 
Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship .  OECD, Paris.    IP/C/W/478 
 Page 9 
 
 
  Working Papers and Staff Papers  
Bassanini, A. and E. Ernst (2002), " Labour Market Institutions, Product Market Regulation and 
Innovation:  Cross-country Evidence ", OECD Economics Department Working Paper No. 316.   
Cattaneo, O. (2002), " Technological Change and the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in the 
New Economy ," OECD Trade Committee Working Party document.   
Dernis, H. and M. Khan (2004), " Triadic Patent Families Methodology ", STI Working Paper, 
DSTI/DOC(2004)2.   
Jaumotte, F. and N. Pain (2005a), " Innovation in the Business Sector ", OECD Economics Department 
Working Paper, forthcoming.   
Jaumotte, F. and N. Pain (2005b), " From Ideas to Development:  The Determinants of R&D and 
Patenting ", OECD Economics Department Working Paper, forthcoming. 
Kamiyama, S., Martinez, C. and J. Sheehan (2004), " Business Performance and Intellectual Assets.  
Background and Issues ", available at:  www.oecd.org/dataoecd/51/58/33848005.pdf . 
Kamiyama, S., Sheehan, J. and C. Martinez (2005), " Intellectual Property as an Economic Asset:  Key 
Issues in Valuation and Exploitation. Background and Issues ", available at 
www.oecd.org/dataoecd/45/13/35043640.pdf .   
Khan, M. and H. Dernis (2005), " Impact of Patent Cooperation Treaty  Data on EPO Patent Statistics 
and Improving the Timeliness of EPO Indicators ", STI Working Paper, DSTI/DOC(2005)2. 
 Martinez, C. and D. Guellec (2004), " Overview of Recent Changes and Comparison of Patent 
Regimes in the United States, Japan and Europe ", Chapter 7 in Patents, Innovation and Economic 
Performance.  OECD Conference Proceedings , OECD, Paris, available at 
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/39/21/34447828.pdf
. 
 
Nicoletti, G., S. Golub, D. Hajkova, D. Mirza and K.Y. Yoo (2003), " Policies and International 
Integration:  Influences on Tr ade and Foreign Direct Investment ", OECD Economics Department 
Working Paper No. 359. (Includes a discussion on the influence of IPR.) 
Park, W. G. and D. Lippoldt (2003), " Impact of Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights on Trade 
and Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries ," OECD Papers, Vol. 3, No. 11, Issue 294.  
 Park, W. G. and D. Lippoldt (2004), " International Licensing and the Strengthening of Intellectual 
Property Rights in Developing Countries ," OECD Trade Policy Working Paper No. 10.  
http://www.oecd.org/findDocument/0,23 50,en_2649_33705_1_1 19684_1_2_1,00.html
  
 
Shapiro, C. (2002), " Competition Policy and Innovation ," STI Working Paper  2002/11.   
Sheehan, J., Martinez, C. and D. Guellec (2004), " Understanding Business Patenting and Licensing:  
Results of the Survey ", Chapter 4 in Patents, Innovation and 
Economic  Performance.  OECD Conference Proceedings , OECD, Paris, available at 
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/39/22/34447731.pdf   IP/C/W/478 
Page 10  
 
  WPIE's publicly available documents  which discuss IPR-related issues
1 
 
Freely downloadable from:  www.oecd.org/sti/digitalcontent  
 OECD (2005), Working Party on the Information Economy, Digital Broadband Content, Panel and 
Government Session , OECD, Paris. 
 OECD (2005), Digital Broadband Content:  Scientific Publishing , DSTI/ICCP/IE(2004)11/FINAL, 
OECD, Paris.  
OECD (2005), Digital Broadband Content:  Music , DSTI/ICCP/IE(2004)12/FINAL, OECD, Paris. 
 OECD (2005), Digital Broadband Content:  The online computer and video game industry  
DSTI/ICCP/IE(2004)13/FINAL, OECD, Paris.  
OECD (2005), Mobile content:  New content for new platforms , DSTI/ICCP/IE(2004)14/FINAL, 
OECD, Paris.  
 
For more information on OECD work visit  
 
 www.oecd.org
 
 Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (Dsti)  
 www.oecd.org/sti
 
 
 www.oecd.org/sti/ipr  (IPR.contact@oecd.org)  
  www.oecd.org/sti/ipr-statistics
 
  www.oecd.org/sti/digitalcontent
 
 
ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT 
 
 www.oecd.org/eco  
 
TRADE DIRECTORATE 
 
 www.oecd.org/trade  
 
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1 OECD Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy, Working Party on the 
Information Economy.  IP/C/W/478 
 Page 11 
 
 
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