UGANDA STANDARD  
  US ISO 4586-2
First Edition
2009-09-04
 
Reference numbe r
US ISO 4586-2: 2004
 © UNBS 2009
  
High-pressure decorative laminates — Sheets made from 
thermosetting resins — Part 2: Determination of properties 
 US ISO 4586-2: 2004 
 
© UNBS  2009 – All rights reserved ii Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations 
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct application  
© UNBS 2009 
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in cluding photocopying and microfilm, without prior written 
permission from UNBS. 
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to 
The Executive Director 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
P.O. Box 6329 
Kampala  
Uganda 
Tel: 256 41 505 995 
Fax: 256 41 286 123 
E-mail: unbs@infocom.co.ug
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  
 US ISO 4586-2: 2004  
© UNBS  2009 - All rights rese rved                iii National foreword 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry  of Tourism, Trade and 
Industry established under Cap 327, of the Laws of U ganda. UNBS is mandated to co-ordinate the elaboration 
of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex A limentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT/SPS Agr eements of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). 
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a gi ven field or area and consists of representatives of 
consumers, traders, academician s, manufacturers, governme nt and other stakeholders. 
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committ ee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council. 
This Uganda Standard, US ISO 4586-2:2004, High-pressure decorative la minates — Sheets made from 
thermosetting resins — Part 2: Determination of properties , is identical with and has been reproduced from a 
International Standard, ISO 4586-2:2004, High-pressure decorative laminates — Sheets made from 
thermosetting resins — Part 2: Determination of properties,  and adopted as a Uganda Standard.  
This standard was developed by the Furnitur e Standards Technical Committee (UNBS/TC 12). 
Wherever the words, "International Standard" a ppear, they should be replaced by "Uganda Standard." INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDISO
4586-2
Fifth edition
2004-10-15
Reference number
ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO2004High-pressure decorative laminates — 
Sheets made from thermosetting resins —
Part 2:
Determination of properties
Stratifiés décoratifs haute pression — Plaques à base de résines 
thermodurcissables —
Partie2: Détermination des caractéristiques
                                  
ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
ii © ISO 2004 –All rights reservedPDF disclaimer
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Published in SwitzerlandISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved iiiContents  Page
1 Scope ........................................................................................................................ ............................ 1
2 Normative references ......................................................................................................... ................. 1
3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................ .................. 2
4 Thickness .................................................................................................................... ......................... 2
5 Appearance ................................................................................................................... ....................... 2
6 Resistance to surface wear ................................................................................................... ............. 4
7 Resistance to immersion in boiling water ..................................................................................... .... 7
8 Resistance to dry heat ....................................................................................................... ................. 9
9 Resistance to wet heat ....................................................................................................... ............... 10
10 Resistance to steam ......................................................................................................... .................  12
11 Dimensional stability ....................................................................................................... .................. 14
12 Resistance to impact by small-diameter ball ................................................................................. . 1 9
13 Resistance to impact by large-diameter ball ................................................................................. ..  23
14 Resistance to cracking under stress (thin laminates ) ................................................................... 26
15 Resistance to scratching .................................................................................................... .............. 30
16 Resistance to staining ...................................................................................................... ................. 36
17 Lightfastness ............................................................................................................... ...................... 43
18 Resistance to cigarette burns ............................................................................................... ............ 48
19 Formability ................................................................................................................. ........................ 57
20 Resistance to blistering .................................................................................................... ................  64
21 Resistance to crazing of compact laminates ..................................................................................  68
22 Resistance to moisture of double-faced compact laminates ........................................................ 69Bibliography .................................................................................................................. ............................. 71ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
iv © ISO 2004 –All rights reservedForeword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has beenestablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4586-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 11, Products.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 4586-2:1997), of which it constitues a minor
revision intended
a) to combine the 1997 edition with its amendments (Amendments 3 to 8) to give a single document;b) to reintroduce a previously deleted method (determination of resistance to colour change in light from an
enclosed carbon-arc lamp) (see 17.3).
ISO 4586 consists of the following parts, under the general title High-pressure decorative laminates — Sheets
made from thermosetting resins : 
—Part 1: Classification and specifications
—Part2:Determination of propertiesINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 1High-pressure decorative laminates — Sheets made from 
thermosetting resins —
Part 2:
Determination of properties
1S c o p e
This part of ISO 4586 specifies methods of test for determination of the properties of high-pressure decorative
laminated sheets as defined in Clause 3. These methods are primarily intended for testing the sheets specified
in ISO 4586-1.
The precision of the test methods specified in Clauses 4, 7 and 11 of this part of ISO 4586 is not known
because inter-laboratory data are not available. When inter-laboratory data are obtained, precision statementswill be added to the test methods at the following revision. As all the other test methods have an end pointdetermination based on subjective judgement, it is not meaningful to make a statement of precision in thesecases.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO105-A02, Textiles— Tests for colour fastness — Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour
ISO105-B02, Textiles— Tests for colour fastness — Part B02: Colour fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc
fading lamp test
ISO 4211-3, Furniture — Tests for surface finishes — Part 3: Assessment of resistance to dry heat
ISO 4586-1:2004, High-pressure decorative laminates — Sheets made from thermosetting resins — Part 1:
Classification and specification
ISO 4892:1981, Plastics— Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources
1)
ISO 4892-1, Plastics— Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 1: General guidance
ISO 4892-2:1994, Plastics— Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 2: Xenon-arc sources
ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 9352, Plastics— Determination of resistance to wear by abrasive wheels
ISO 9370, Plastics— Instrumental determination of radiant exposure in weathering tests — General guidance
and basic test method
CIEPublication No. 85:1989, Solar spectral irradiance
1) Withdrawn, but still used in certain Asian countries.ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
2 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the definition of high-pressure decorative laminate(s) given in 3.1 of
ISO 4586-1:2004 applies.
The abbreviation “HPDL” for high-pressure decorative laminate(s) is used in ISO 4586. It should be noted that
the abbreviation “HPL” is frequently used instead of “HPDL”, and the term “HPL” in the European standard
EN 438 is equivalent to “HPDL” in ISO4586.
4 Thickness
4.1 Principle
The thickness of a sheet is measured using a micrometer or a dial gauge indicator.
4.2 Apparatus
4.2.1 Thickness gauge  (ratchet-type micrometer or dial gauge indicator), having two flat parallel measuring
surfaces of diameter at least  and capable of being read to . When the thickness of a decorativelaminated sheet is being measured, the two surfaces shall exert a pressure of  to  upon eachother.
4.3 Test specimen
The specimen shall be the sheet under test, as received.
4.4 Procedure
Check the gauge for accuracy and then determine the thickness of the sheet to the nearest . It isrecommended that the thickness be measured at a minimum of four points and at a distance of at least from the edge of the sheet.
4.5 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name and type of product;c) all values measured;d) the location of the points at which measurements were made;e) any deviation from the specified test method;f) the date of the test.
5 Appearance
5.1 Surface defects
5.1.1 Principle
Sheets are inspected for surface appearance under standardized conditions of lighting and viewing.6mm 0,01mm
10kPa 100kPa
0,02mm
20mmISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 35.1.2 Apparatus
5.1.2.1 Horizontal inspection table , of height approximately  and large enough to accommodate the
largest sheets to be inspected.
5.1.2.2 Overhead white fluorescent lights , of colour temperature approximately  and giving an
intensity of  to  over the whole area of the largest sheets to be inspected. A convenient distance ofthe lights from the inspection table is approximately .
5.1.3 Test specimen
The specimen shall be the sheet under test, as received.
5.1.4 Procedure
Place the sheet, decorative face uppermost, on the inspection table. Wipe it free of any loose contamination, if
necessary, with a soft cloth. Inspect it from the distance required by ISO 4586-1:2004 for defects such as
smudges, smears, fingerprints, scratches, foreign particles, damage or any other form of blemish evident withinthe decorative surface.
The inspector shall use normal vision, corrected if necessary. No magnifying glass shall be used in viewing the
sheet.
5.1.5 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;
b) the name and type of product;
c) the viewing distance and any defects observed;
d) any deviation from the specified test method;
e) the date of the test.
5.2 Flatness
5.2.1 Apparatus
5.2.1.1 Straightedge , of  length, with optional dial gauge  (see Figure1).
5.2.2 Test specimen
The specimen shall be the sheet under test, as received, stored in the conditions recommended by the
manufacturer.
5.2.3 Procedure
Place the sheet under test, concave side up, on a flat surface. Measure the departure between the straightedge
and the concave surface of the laminate at the point of maximum curvature.700mm
5000K
800lx 1000lx
1,5m
1000mmISO 4586-2:2004(E)
4 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved5.2.4 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name and type of product;
c) the maximum deviation, in millimetres;
d) any deviation from the specified test method;e) the date of the test.
6 Resistance to surface wear
6.1 Principle
The test measures the ability of the decorative surface of the sheet under test to resist abrasive wear-through to
the sub-layer. Abrasion is achieved by rotating a specimen in contact with a pair of loaded cylindrical wheelscovered with abrasive paper. The wheels are positioned so that their cylindrical faces are equidistant from thespecimen's axis of rotation but not tangential to it. As they are turned by the rotating specimen, they abrade an
annular track on the specimen's surface. The numbers of revolutions of the specimen required to cause defined
degrees of abrasion are used as measures of resistance to surface wear.
6.2 Materials
6.2.1 Calibration plates of rolled zinc sheet  (Taber S-34 or equivalent), having a thickness of
 and a Brinell hardness of  when tested in accordance with ISO 6506-1, except that
the ball diameter shall be  and the load .Key
1 dial gauge
2 straightedge
3l a m i n a t e
4f l a t  s u r f a c e
distance between the straightedge and the surface of the laminate
Figure 1 —Example of equipment for measuring flatness (see 5.2.1)
h
0,8mm ±0,1mm 48 ±2
5mm 360NISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 56.2.2 Abrasive paper strips  (Taber S-42 or equivalent), of width  and length about
, having the following composition:
a) paper of grammage  to ;b) open coated 180grit powdered aluminium oxide (Al
2O3) having a particle size such that it will pass through
a sieve of aperture  and remain on a sieve having an aperture of ;
c) adhesive backing (optional).
6.2.3 Double-sided adhesive tape , required only if the abrasive paper has no adhesive backing.
6.3 Apparatus
6.3.1 Test machine , as specified in ISO 9352.
NOTE A suitable machine is available from Taber Acquisition Corp., Taber Industries, 455 Bryant St, P.O. Box 164, North
Tonawanda, NY14120, USA. This is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for
the convenience of users of this part of ISO4586 and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
6.3.2 Conditioning chamber , with a standard atmosphere of , relative humidity of .
6.4 Test specimens
Each specimen shall be a piece of the sheet under test, shaped to fit the type of clamping device used. It will
usually be a disc of diameter about , or a square of side about  with its corners rounded to givea diagonal of about , and it will usually have a hole of diameter  in its centre. Three specimensshall be prepared.
6.5 Preparation of specimens and abrasive paper
Clean the surface of the specimens with a non-hazardous organic solvent which is immiscible with water. Using
a suitable marker pen, mark the surface of each specimen with two lines at right angles to each other so that the
surface area is divided into quadrants. Precondition the specimens and the abrasive strips for at least  inthe conditioning atmosphere (see 6.3.2) before testing. After preconditioning, seal the paper strips in suitablepolyethylene bags (maximum 10strips per bag) until required for immediate use.
6.6 Procedure
6.6.1 Preparation of abrasive wheels
Bond a strip of preconditioned unused abrasive paper (6.2.2) to each of the rubber-covered wheels, using either
the adhesive backing, if present, or the double-sided adhesive tape (6.2.3), in such a way that the cylindricalsurface is completely covered, but without any overlapping of the abrasive paper.
6.6.2 Calibration of abrasive paper
Prepare two abrasive wheels with preconditioned unused strips of abrasive paper from the batch to be used for
testing (see 6.6.1).
Clamp a zinc plate (6.2.1) in the specimen holder, start the suction device, set the revolution-counter to zero,
lower the wheels and abrade the zinc plate for 500revolutions. Wipe the zinc plate clean and weigh to the
nearest . Replace the abrasive paper on the wheels with preconditioned unused strips from the samebatch, clamp the same zinc plate in the specimen holder, lower the abrasive wheels and operate the suctiondevice. Abrade the zinc plate for an additional 500revolutions, then wipe it clean and reweigh it to the nearest
. Its loss in mass shall be .12,7mm ±0,1mm
160mm
70g/m2100g/m2
100µm6 3 µm
23◦C±2◦C (50±5)%
130mm 120mm
130mm 6mm
72h
1mg
1mg 130mg ±20mgISO 4586-2:2004(E)
6 © ISO 2004 –All rights reservedAny batch of abrasive paper which causes a loss in mass of the zinc plate outside this permitted range shall not
be used for testing.
6.6.3 Abrasion of specimen
Perform the test immediately after removal of the specimen and calibrated abrasive paper from the
preconditioning atmosphere.
Prepare two wheels with preconditioned unused abrasive paper from the same batch previously approved by
calibration. Fit the wheels to the machine and set the revolution counter to zero.
Clamp the specimen in the holder, ensuring that its surface is flat. Lower the abrasive wheels on to the
specimen, start the suction device and begin abrading the specimen. Examine the specimen for wear after each25 revolutions and examine the abrasive paper for clogging with abraded particles. Replace the abrasive paperif it becomes clogged, or after 500 revolutions, whichever happens first.
Continue the test in this way until the initial wear point (IP) is reached. Record the number of revolutions and
resume the test until the final wear point (FP) is reached. Record the number of revolutions again.
The initial wear point (IP) is the point at which the first clearly recognizable wear-through of the print, pattern,
plain colour coating or solid paper appears and the sub-layer becomes exposed in three quadrants, with areasof at least  wear-though in each of the three quadrants. The sub-layer for printed patterns is thebackground on which the pattern is printed; for plain colours, it is the first sub-layer of different colour.
2) 3)
The final wear point (FP) occurs in the case of a patterned laminate when about  of the pattern is removedin the abraded area, and in the case of a plain-colour laminate when an underlayer of a different colour isexposed over about  of the abraded area.
6.7 Expression of results
Calculate the wear resistance, expressed as a number of revolutions, for each specimen using the followingequation:
where
IP is the initial wear point, expressed as a number of revolutions;FP is the final wear point, expressed as a number of revolutions.
Average the value of the initial wear point (IP) of three specimens tested.
Average the value of the wear resistance of three specimens tested, rounded to the nearest 50revolutions.
2) A full-colour photographic visual aid, known as the IP poster, is available to assist correct interpretation, and increase
repeatability and reproducibility in the determination of the initial wear point (IP). The poster is available from SIS F örlag AB,
SE-11880 Stockholm, Sweden; Tel. +46 8555 523 10, Fax. +468 55552311 (order reference 21990 IP1 poster).
3)  Also available is a dirt size estimation chart. The use of this chart is recommended to determine precisely the size, in
square millimetres, of the wear-through area. It is available from TAPPI, Technology Park/Atlanta, P.O. Box105113, Atlanta,
GA30348-5113, USA; Tel. +1 770 4461400, Fax. +17704466947 (order reference TAPPI — Dirt size estimation chart).
These are examples of suitable products available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of
this part of ISO4586 and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these products.0,6mm2
95%
95%
Wearresistance =IP+FP
2ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 76.8 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name and type of product;
c) the average initial wear point (IP) of the sample under test, in revolutions;
d) the average surface wear resistance of the sample under test, in revolutions;e) any deviation from the specified procedure;
f) the date of the test.
7 Resistance to immersion in boiling water
7.1 Principle
The effect of immersion in boiling water for  is determined by the increase in mass and thickness of test
specimens and by noting the occurrence of any blistering or delamination.
The test is generally in accordance with ISO 62:1999, Method2, except for a longer period of immersion in the
boiling water and the requirement for thickness measurements.
7.2 Apparatus
7.2.1 Balance , accurate to .
7.2.2 Oven , capable of being maintained at .
7.2.3 Vessel , containing boiling distilled water.
7.2.4 Vessel , containing distilled water at .
7.2.5 Desiccator .
7.2.6 Micrometer thickness gauge , as described in 4.2.1.
If curvature of the specimen prevents accurate thickness measurement, then a suitable ball-ended micrometer
thickness gauge shall be used.
7.2.7 Suitable heating apparatus  (for example an electric hotplate).
7.2.8 Specimen holder , to hold specimens vertically during immersion and prevent contact with other
specimens or the vessel.
7.3 Test specimens
Three specimens shall be taken from the same sheet. Each specimen shall be  square, shallhave the same thickness as the sheet, and shall be cut in such a way that no appreciable heat is generated andthe edges are free from cracks. Cut edges shall be smooth.
7.4 Procedure
Dry the three specimens for  in the oven (7.2.2), maintained at , and allow to cool in thedesiccator (7.2.5) to . Weigh each specimen to the nearest  (mass ).2h
1mg
50◦C±2◦C
23◦C±2◦C
50mm ±1mm
24h±1h 50◦C±2◦C
23◦C±2◦C1 m g m1ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
8 © ISO 2004 –All rights reservedMeasure the thickness of each specimen as specified in Clause 4, but at the centres of its four edges ( , ,
, ) and with the external edge of the micrometer anvil approximately  from each edge. Mark the
measuring points so that subsequent measurements can be made in the same places.
Place the specimens in the vessel of boiling distilled water (7.2.3). Take care to prevent the specimens from
making contact over any substantial area with one another or with the vessel.
After , remove the specimens from the boiling water and allow to cool for  in the
vessel of distilled water maintained at  (7.2.4). Take them from the water and remove all surfacewater with a clean dry cloth or with filter paper. Weigh the specimens again to the nearest  (mass )
within  of taking them from the water.
Determine the thickness of each specimen to the nearest  at the same points as before ( , , , ).Examine each specimen visually for change in appearance.
7.5 Expression of results
The boiling water absorbed by each specimen is given, as a percentage by mass, by the formula
where
is the mass of the specimen before immersion;
is the mass of the specimen after immersion.
The percentage increase in thickness at the measuring points of each specimen is given by the formulae
etc.,
where
, ,  and are the thicknesses measured before immersion;, ,  and are the thicknesses measured after immersion.
The percentage by mass of boiling water absorbed by the sample under test shall be the average of the values
obtained on the three specimens.
The percentage increase in thickness of the sample under test shall be the average of the twelve values
obtained at the four measuring points on all three specimens.
7.6 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name and type of product;d1d2
d3d4 5mm
2h±5min 15min ±5min
23◦C±2◦C
1mg m2
1min
0,01mm d5d6d7d8
m2−m1
m1×100
m1
m2
d5−d1
d1×100
d6−d2
d2×100,
d1d2d3d4
d5d6d7d8ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 9c) the average percentage increase in mass of the three specimens;
d) the average percentage increase in thickness of the three specimens;
e) the effect on the surface of the specimens, expressed in accordance with the following rating scale:
Rating 5: No visible change
Rating 4: Slight change of gloss and/or colour, only visible at certain viewing angles
Rating 3: Moderate change of gloss and/or colourRating 2: Marked change of gloss and/or colour
Rating 1: Blistering and/or delamination
f) any deviation from the specified test method;g) the date of the test.
8 Resistance to dry heat
8.1 Principle
A specimen taken from the sheet under test, bonded to wood chipboard to simulate service conditions, is
subjected to dry heat by contact with a vessel of defined heat capacity, initially at  but cooling during the
 of contact. Resistance to the test conditions is assessed by visual examination.
The test is intended to determine the suitability of decorative laminated sheets for use in kitchens where contact
with moderately hot cooking utensils is to be expected.
8.2 Materials
8.2.1 Glycerol tristearate , or any other material of similar specific heat which will produce the same result. To
minimize health and safety risks, metal blocks can be used if it can be shown that similar results will beobtained. The aluminium alloy block specified in ISO 4211-3 has been found to be suitable.
The same glycerol tristearate or other material may normally be used for at least twenty tests, but if it has been
heated to a temperature above , or in case of dispute, fresh material shall be used.
8.2.2 Fine-faced wood chipboard ,  square,  to  nominal thickness with a
tolerance of , density  to  and moisture content .
8.2.3 Urea-formaldehyde adhesive , containing approximately  filler, or an equivalent adhesive.
8.3 Apparatus
8.3.1 Cast cylindrical aluminium or aluminium alloy vessel , without a lid, the bottom of which has been
machined flat. It shall have an external diameter of  and an overall height of
. The wall thickness shall be  and the base thickness .
8.3.2 Heat source , for heating the vessel (8.3.1) uniformly.
8.3.3 Suitable inorganic heat-insulating board , of thickness about  and  square.
8.3.4 Thermometer , range  to .
8.3.5 Fixed frame , to hold the specimen flat.
8.3.6 Stirrer .180◦C
20min
200◦C
230mm ±5mm 18mm 20mm
±0,3mm 625kg/m3700kg/m3(9±2)%
15%
100mm ±1,5mm
70mm ±1,5mm 2,5mm ±0,5mm 2,5+0,5
0mm
2,5mm 150mm
−5◦C+250◦CISO 4586-2:2004(E)
10 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved8.4 Test specimen
The specimen shall be prepared by uniformly bonding a piece of the sheet under test to the wood chipboard
(8.2.2), using the specified adhesive (8.2.3). One specimen  square shall be used. The bonded
specimen shall be preconditioned for at least 7days at  and  relative humidity beforebeing used for the test.
For materials of thickness greater than , the effect of bonding the specimen is insignificant and the test
may be conducted with the specimen resting in close contact with the chipboard. This technique is also
acceptable for routine quality control testing of laminates less than  thick. However, in cases of dispute,
laminates less than  thick shall be bonded to chipboard.
8.5 Procedure
Fill the vessel (8.3.1) with sufficient glycerol tristearate (8.2.1) so that at  the level is about  from
the top. Fix the thermometer (8.3.4) centrally in the vessel with its bulb about  from the bottom. Raise the
temperature of the glycerol tristearate to approximately , stirring from time to time. Transfer the vessel tothe heat-insulating board (8.3.3) and allow the temperature to fall to , stirring continuously.
Immediately place the vessel on the surface of the specimen and allow to stand for  without further
stirring.
At the end of this period, remove the vessel and allow the specimen to cool for a period of . Examine the
specimen for surface disturbance, for example blistering, crazing, discolouration or loss in gloss visible to thenaked eye, corrected if necessary, allowing the light to fall on the specimen at various angles of incidence.
8.6 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name and type of product;c) the effect on the surface of the specimen, expressed in accordance with the following rating scale:
Rating5: No visible changeRating4: Slight change of gloss and/or colour, only visible at certain viewing anglesRating3: Moderate change of gloss and/or colourRating2: Marked change of gloss and/or colour
Rating1: Surface damage and/or blistering
d) any deviation from the specified test method;e) the date of the test.
9 Resistance to wet heat
9.1 Principle
A specimen taken from the laminate under test (bonded to wood chipboard, if necessary, to simulate service
conditions) is subjected to wet heat by contact for a specified period with a vessel containing hot water placedin a pool of boiling water which has been poured onto the surface of the specimen. Resistance to the testconditions is assessed by visual examination.230mm ±5mm
23◦C±2◦C (50±5)%
2mm
2mm
2mm
180◦C1 5 m m
6mm
185◦C
180◦C±1◦C
20min
45minISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 119.2 Materials
9.2.1 Distilled or de-ionized water .
9.2.2 Sheet of fine-faced wood particleboard ,  square, with a nominal thickness of  to
 ( ), a density of  and moisture content of .
9.2.3 Urea-formaldehyde adhesive , containing approximately  filler, or an equivalent adhesive.
9.2.4 Supply of clean, soft, white cloth .
9.3 Apparatus
9.3.1 Cylindrical aluminium or aluminium-alloy vessel , without a lid, the bottom of which has been
machined flat. It shall have an external diameter of  and an overall height of .
The wall thickness shall be  and the base thickness .
9.3.2 Heat source , for heating the vessel (9.3.1) uniformly.
9.4 Test specimen
Prepare one specimen by uniformly bonding a piece  square of the laminate under test to the
particleboard (9.2.2), using the specified adhesive (9.2.3) evenly spread at  to . Condition the
bonded specimen for at least  at  and  relative humidity before the test.
For materials of thickness greater than , the effect of bonding the specimen is insignificant and the test
may be conducted with the specimen resting in close contact with the chipboard. This technique is alsoacceptable for routine quality control testing of laminates less than  thick. However, in cases of dispute,laminates less than  thick shall be bonded to particleboard.
9.5 Procedure
Fill the vessel (9.3.1) to  from the rim with distilled or de-ionized water, and heat it until the water boilsvigorously.
As water boils and evaporates, dissolved minerals are left behind and will adhere to the vessel walls, forming
scale which is an effective insulator. Any such scale shall be removed periodically or the accuracy of the test
may be compromised. The use of distilled or de-ionized water will minimize this problem.
Using tongs, or other suitable means, carefully remove the vessel from the hotplate, pour approximately 
of boiling water onto the horizontal surface of the test specimen and immediately place the vessel containing the
remainder of the boiling water on the surface in the pool of water.
Allow the vessel to remain in place for .
At the end of this period, remove the vessel and wipe the surface of the specimen dry, using a clean, soft cloth
(9.2.4) to remove any residual contaminants. Allow the specimen to cool for a period of .
Examine the specimen surface for disturbance (for example blistering, crazing, discolouration or loss in gloss)
visible to the naked eye, corrected if necessary, allowing the light to fall on the specimen at various angles ofincidence.(230±5)mm 18mm
20mm ±0,3mm (680±20)kg/m3(10±3)%
15%
(100±1,5)mm (70±1,5)mm
(2,5±0,5)mm 2,5+0,5
0mm
(230±5)mm
80g/m2120g/m2
72h (23±2)◦C (50±5)%
2mm
2mm
2mm
12mm
10ml
20min
45minISO 4586-2:2004(E)
12 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved9.6 Expression of results
Express the result of the examination in accordance with the following rating scale:
Rating5: No visible change
Rating4: Slight change in gloss and/or colour, only visible at certain viewing angles
Rating3: Moderate change in gloss and/or colourRating2: Marked change in gloss and/or colour
Rating1: Surface damage and/or blistering
9.7 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name, type, and nominal thickness of the product;
c) the effect on the specimen, expressed in accordance with 9.6;
d) any deviation from the method specified;e) the date of the test.
10 Resistance to steam
10.1 Principle
A specimen from the sheet under test is held in place over the neck of a flask containing boiling water, so that
the decorative surface of the specimen is exposed to the steam. After , the specimen is removed and allowed
to recover for  in normal ambient conditions before examination for any change in appearance.
10.2 Materials
10.2.1 Wide-necked Erlenmeyer flask , of capacity  and mouth diameter .
10.2.2 Specimen holder  and heat screen  (see Figure 2).
10.2.3 Non-fibrous filter paper .
10.2.4 Hand lens , with  magnification.
10.2.5 Electric hotplate , or other suitable heat source.
10.3 Test specimen
One specimen, measuring  the thickness of the sheet under test, is required.
10.4 Procedure
Place approximately  of water in the flask (10.2.1) and bring it to the boil on the electric hotplate (10.2.5).
Place the heat screen (see 10.2.2) in position around the neck of the flask and place the specimen, decorativeface down, centrally over the mouth of the flask and fix it in position by the wire specimen holder (see Figure 2).
The specimen holder shall be heavy enough to prevent the specimen from curling away from the mouth of the
flask.1h
24h
250ml 50mm
×6
100mm ×100mm ×
200mlISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 13After the decorative face has been exposed for  to the steam from the boiling water, remove the specimen
and use the non-fibrous filter paper (10.2.3) to remove excess water from the surface of the specimen.
Allow the specimen to recover for  in normal ambient conditions and then examine the central area of the
specimen with the naked eye, corrected if necessary, and under  magnification using the hand lens (10.2.4)for any change in appearance.
10.5 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name and type of product;c) the effect on the surface of the specimen, expressed in accordance with the following rating scale:
Rating 5: No visible changeRating 4: Slight change of gloss and/or colour, only visible at certain viewing angles
Rating 3: Moderate change of gloss and/or colour
Rating 2: Marked change of gloss and/or colourRating 1: Blistering and/or delaminationKey
1 specimen
2 wire specimen holder
3 heat screen
4 aluminium ring
5 Erlenmeyer flask, wide-necked, 
Figure2 —Apparatus for resistance to steam (see 10.2)250ml
1h
24h
×6ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
14 © ISO 2004 –All rights reservedd) any deviation from the specified procedure;
e) the date of the test.
11 Dimensional stability
11.1 MethodA — At elevated temperature
11.1.1 Principle
The test measures the lateral dimensional changes of specimens from the laminate under test over an extreme
range of relative humidities at elevated temperatures.
11.1.2 Apparatus
11.1.2.1 Circulating-air oven , capable of being maintained at .
11.1.2.2 High-humidity conditioning chamber , with an atmosphere of relative humidity within the range
 to  and at a temperature of .
11.1.2.3 Standard-atmosphere conditioning chamber , with a standard atmosphere of  and
relative humidity .
11.1.2.4 Caliper gauge or other suitable means for measuring length , with a measurement range of at
least , graduated to provide a reading accuracy of . Centering points are recommended but arenot essential.
11.1.2.5 Fixture , to maintain specimens from thin laminates in a flat position while measurements are taken.
A suitable fixture is shown in Figure 3.
11.1.2.6 Centre-punch and hammer (optional) , suitable for making a small locating indentation in the
surface of the test specimen.
11.1.2.7 Steel rule , graduated in  divisions.
11.1.2.8 Desiccator , of suitable size.
11.1.3 Test specimens
Cut four specimens  square from the sheet under test. The edges shall be smooth and free from
cracks.
Use two specimens for the dry-heat test and two for the high-humidity test.
Before making the first measurements, all specimens shall be kept for at least  in a standard atmosphere of
 and  relative humidity.
11.1.4 Procedure11.1.4.1 General
All measurements of length shall be made to the nearest . Measurements shall be made within 
after removal of the specimens from the conditioning atmosphere or the desiccator (11.1.2.8).
The specimen shall be kept flat when making length measurements. For thin laminates, a suitable fixture such
as that shown in Figure 3 shall be used.(70±2)◦C
90% 95% (40±2)◦C
(23±5)◦C
(50±5)%
150mm 0,01mm
0,5mm
(120±1)mm
72h
(23±2)◦C (50±5)%
0,02mm 5minISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 15With each specimen, use the steel rule (11.1.2.7) to locate the point midway between two adjacent corners and
 in from the corresponding edge. Mark this point, using a centre-punch (11.1.2.6) for instance. Repeat
this for the other three sides of each specimen.
As an alternative to marking the measurement points by punching, they may be scribed or marked on the
surface of the specimen in some other suitable way.Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1  steel ball and spring
2  bolt and nut
3 suitable spring to maintain specimen in flat position
4 3-mm-wide slot
Figure3 —Fixture to maintain the test specimen in position (see 11.1.2.5 and 11.2.2.5)3mm
(3×22)mm
10mmISO 4586-2:2004(E)
16 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved11.1.4.2 Dry-heat test
Taking two specimens, measure the distances between opposite marks (across the centres of the specimens)
to the nearest  in both the machine direction and the transverse direction. Any suitable means
(see11.1.2.4) may be used to measure the distances between the marks. If a centre-punch has been used to
mark the measurement points, measure the distances using a caliper gauge with its points positioned inopposite locating indentations.
If the machine direction is not known, carry out flexural-strength tests on specimens taken at various angles.
The highest value will usually be given by the specimen cut parallel to the machine direction.
Place both specimens in the oven (11.1.2.1) maintained at . At the end of , remove the
specimens and allow them to cool to ambient temperature in the desiccator (11.1.2.8) for , then remeasurethe distances between the marks.
11.1.4.3 High-humidity test
Taking the remaining two specimens, measure the distances between opposite marks in both the machine
direction and transverse direction. Place both specimens in the high-humidity conditioning chamber (11.1.2.2)at  and a relative humidity within the range  to . After , remove each specimen,
wipe it free of surface water with a cloth, and immediately remeasure the distances between the marks.
11.1.5 Expression of results
Calculate the change in measured length as a percentage of the corresponding initial measured length.
Calculate the mean percentage change in machine-direction length and transverse-direction length for each of
the two sets of specimens (i.e. the dry-heat and high-humidity sets) to the nearest .
Calculate the cumulative dimensional change for each direction of the sheet. This change is the sum of the
mean absolute percentage changes in each of the dry-heat and high-humidity tests if the changes are in
opposite directions. If the changes are in the same direction, the larger of the two average changes shall betaken as the cumulative dimensional change. The absolute figure shall be reported.
An example of results (using measurements in the transverse direction) is shown in Table 1.
The movements in the two tests are in opposite directions, therefore the cumulative dimensional change in the
transverse direction is equal to .
Table 1—An example of dimensional stability at elevated temperature
Dry-heat test
Specimen1 Specimen 2 Mean
Initial distance (mm) 100,28 99,89Final distance (mm) 99,83 99,52Change (mm)Change (%)
 rounded to the nearest 
High-humidity test
Specimen1 Specimen 2 Mean
Initial distance (mm) 100,11 99,74Final distance (mm) 100,63 100,49Change (mm)Change (%)
 rounded to the nearest 0,02mm
(70±2)◦C2 4 h
1h
(40±2)◦C 90% 95% (96±4)h
0,05%
0,40% +0,65% =1,05%
−0,45 −0,37
−0,45 −0,37 −0,41
−0,41 0,05 =−0,40%
+0,52 +0,75
+0,52 +0,75 +0,64
+0,64 0,05 =+0,65%ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 1711.1.6 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;
b) the name, type and nominal thickness of the product;
c) the cumulative dimensional change for the machine direction;
d) the cumulative dimensional change for the transverse direction;
e) any deviation from the method specified;
f) the date of the test.
11.2 Method B — At ambient temperature
11.2.1 Principle
The test measures the lateral dimensional changes of specimens from the laminate under test over an extreme
range of relative humidities at ambient temperature.
11.2.2 Apparatus
11.2.2.1 High-humidity conditioning chamber , with an atmosphere of relative humidity  and a
temperature of .
11.2.2.2 Low-humidity conditioning chamber , with an atmosphere of relative humidity  and a
temperature of .
NOTE The low-humidity chamber may be set up to operate either mechanically or chemically to control the temperature at
 and to maintain  relative humidity. One way of maintaining the relative humidity at this level is by
using a saturated solution of lithium chloride (LiCl H2O) placed in a tray within the chamber.
11.2.2.3 Standard-atmosphere conditioning chamber , with an atmosphere of relative humidity 
and a temperature of .
11.2.2.4 Caliper gauge or other suitable means for measuring length , with a measurement range of at
least , graduated to provide a reading accuracy of . Centering points are recommended but are
not essential.
11.2.2.5 Fixture , to maintain specimens from thin laminates in a flat position while measurements are taken.
A suitable fixture is shown in Figure 3.
11.2.2.6 Centre-punch and hammer (optional) , suitable for making a small locating indentation in the
surface of the test specimen.
11.2.2.7 Steel rule , graduated in  divisions.
11.2.3 Test specimens
Cut two specimens  square from the sheet under test. The edges shall be smooth and free from
cracks.
Before making the first measurements, the specimens shall be kept for at least  in a standard atmosphere
of  and  relative humidity.(90±3)%
(23±2)◦C
(15±5)%
(23±2)◦C
(23±2)◦C (15±5)%
·
(50±5)%
(23±2)◦C
150mm 0,01mm
0,5mm
(120±1)mm
72h
(23±2)◦C (50±5)%ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
18 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved11.2.4 Procedure
All measurements of length shall be made to the nearest . Measurements shall be made within 
after removal of the specimens from the conditioning atmosphere.
The specimen shall be kept flat when making length measurements. For thin laminates, a suitable fixture such
as that shown in Figure 3 shall be used.
With each specimen, use the steel rule (11.2.2.7) to locate the point midway between two adjacent corners and
 in from the corresponding edge. Mark this point, using a centre-punch (11.2.2.6) for instance. Repeat
this for the other three sides of each specimen.
As an alternative to marking the measurement points by punching, they may be scribed or marked on the
surface of the specimen in some other suitable way.
Place both specimens in the high-humidity chamber (11.2.2.1), positioned so that air can circulate freely around
them.
After , remove both specimens from the chamber and immediately measure the distances between
opposite marks (across the centres of the specimens) to the nearest  in both the machine direction and
the transverse direction. Any suitable means (see 11.2.2.4) may be used to measure the distances between the
marks. If a centre-punch has been used to mark the measurement points, measure the distances using acaliper gauge with its points positioned in opposite locating indentations. Record these measurements as theinitial measurements.
If the machine direction is not known, carry out flexural-strength tests on specimens taken at various angles.
The highest value will usually be given by the specimen cut parallel to the machine direction.
Place both specimens in the low-humidity chamber (11.2.2.2), positioned so that air can circulate freely around
them.
After , remove both specimens from the chamber and immediately remeasure the distances between
the marks. Record these measurements as the final measurements.
11.2.5 Expression of results
For each direction, calculate the average initial length and the average final length.Calculate the gross dimensional change in each direction, which is the difference between the average initial
and average final measurements expressed as a percentage of the corresponding average initial measuredlength, to the nearest .
An example of results (using measurements in the transverse direction) is given below:
Average of two initial measurements 
Average of two final measurements Gross dimensional change Percentage gross dimensional change, to the nearest 
11.2.6 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name, type and nominal thickness of the product;c) the percentage gross dimensional change in the machine direction;d) the percentage gross dimensional change in the transverse direction;0,02mm 5min
10mm
(96±4)h
0,02mm
(96±4)h
0,05%
=104,02mm
=103,05mm
=0,97mm
0,05% =0,95%ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 19e) any deviation from the method specified;
f) the date of the test.
12 Resistance to impact by small-diameter ball
12.1 Principle
A specimen from the sheet under test is bonded to wood chipboard to simulate service conditions and its
decorative surface is subjected to the impact of a  steel ball mounted at one end of a spring-loaded bolt.The minimum spring force needed to cause visible damage is used as a measure of resistance to impact.
12.2 Materials
12.2.1 High-quality fine-faced wood chipboard ,  to  nominal thickness with a tolerance of
, density  to  and moisture content .
Where the specimen is bonded to chipboard, the test actually measures the impact resistance of the whole
composite material, i.e. laminate, adhesive and substrate. The correct choice of chipboard quality is thereforevery important in achieving good reproducibility with this test. In cases of dispute, the same test shall be carriedout on chipboards from three different suppliers.
12.2.2 Urea-formaldehyde adhesive , containing approximately  filler, or an equivalent adhesive.
12.2.3 Solution of dye in alcohol, graphite  or talcum, to contrast with the colour of the sheet under test
(optional).
12.3 Apparatus
12.3.1 Impact tester  (see Figure 4), consisting of an impact bolt with a  steel ball mounted at one end,
which is projected once against the surface under test by the release of a compression spring. The springcompression force before release can be adjusted continuously from  to  by means of a force-setting
barrel (housing).
The newton metre ( ) scale also provided on the tester is only to be used for orientation, as the introduction
of a non-linear scale involves relatively great inaccuracies.
The compression spring is  long when released and has a constant of . It is
compressed by drawing back the impact bolt and is held in the loaded position by a retainer which engages inthe bolt. It is released to deliver the impact blow by a release unit which withdraws the retainer.
12.3.2 Force-producing arrangement  (for example a scale-pan and weights), capable of being suspended
from the impact bolt to exert a compressive force on the spring.
12.3.3 Support fixture  (see Figure 5), which clamps to the shaft of the impact tester and provides a
convenient mounting of sufficient mass for the tester to be held at right angles to the surface of the specimenand to avoid recoil following the release of the impact bolt.
12.3.4 Steel plate , having dimensions of approximately .
12.3.5 Hand lens , with approximately  magnification (optional).5mm
18mm 20mm
±0,3mm 625kg/m3700kg/m3(9±2)%
15%
5mm
0N 90N
N·m
100mm 1962N/m ±50N/m
300mm ×300mm ×50mm
×6ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
20 © ISO 2004 –All rights reservedDimensions in millimetres
Key
1 impact bolt
2 retainer
3r e l e a s e  l e v e r
4 knob
5 force-setting
barrel (housing)
6 compression
spring
7 steel ball
Figure4 —Impact tester (shown with spring compressed) (see12.3.1)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 observation slot
2 shaft of impact tester
3c l a m p  s c r e w
4 pressure bolt
5 steel ball
6 foot
Figure5 —Support fixture for impact tester (see12.3.3)
ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 2112.4 Test specimens
Specimens shall be prepared by uniformly bonding a piece of the sheet under test to the wood chipboard
(12.2.1), using the specified adhesive (12.2.2). About ten specimens, each  square, shall be
prepared. The bonded specimens shall be preconditioned for at least 7days at  and relative humidity before being used for the test.
12.5 Calibration of the impact tester
Suspend the tester (12.3.1) with the impact bolt pointing upwards so that its longitudinal axis is free to hangvertically under gravity.
Set the force-setting barrel, which serves to vary the impact force, to zero on the scale. Compress the spring by
a force  (calibration force) using a suitable arrangement (for example weights in a scale-pan) (12.3.2)
suspended from the knob used to draw back the impact bolt, ensuring that the bolt is clear of the retainer of the
release unit.
Turn the force-setting barrel until the retainer of the release unit is just in contact with the impact bolt. This
position can be determined by increasing or decreasing the compressing force very slightly to observe whetherthe retainer is just in contact. Record the indicated force  on the scale of the instrument corresponding to the
calibration force .
Repeat this calibration procedure for various values of  in the range required, and draw a graph relating
values of the scale reading  to values of the calibration force  (see Figure 6 for an example).
The graph will be an approximately straight line which will not pass through the origin, because a constant but
undetermined force is exerted during the calibration procedure by the mass of the impact bolt and any
suspension arrangement (for example, a scale-pan). Draw a second line passing through the origin and parallelto the first line. This second line is the calibration graph of the instrument and shall be used to correct everyindicated force  employed in testing.
Prepare a new calibration graph after every 500tests.
Key
X calibration force  (N)
Y scale reading on instrument (N)
Figure 6 —Example of calibration graph relating actual force to scale value (see12.5)230mm ±5mm
23◦C±2◦C (50±5)%
Fe
Fx
Fe
Fx
Fx Fe
Fx
Fe
ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
22 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved12.6 Procedure
The test shall be carried out in the laboratory atmosphere, and in cases of dispute it shall be carried out at
.
Place the steel plate (12.3.4) on a convenient rigid horizontal surface and locate the specimen on it with its
decorative surface uppermost. Fix the impact tester in its support fixture (12.3.3), load the tester, place theassembly on the specimen and release the impact bolt. Start preliminary tests with a spring force of 10N andincrease by 5N on each occasion to determine the minimum spring force at which the surface of the specimen
shows damage due to impact stress.
Test at least five additional specimens for the final determination of the maximum force at which no damage
occurs. For this purpose, start with the spring force determined in the preliminary test and reduce it in suitablestages, for example 1N, after every five tests.
To make the damage more easily visible, the surface of the specimen may be rubbed after the test with a
solution of dye in alcohol or with graphite or talcum (depending on the colour of the decorative surface). Amagnifier (12.3.5) with  magnification may also be used.
The distance between points of impact shall be at least  and between points of impact and the edge of
the specimen at least .
Examine the specimen for damage at the points of impact. For the purpose of this test, damage is defined by
the presence of fine hairline cracks (which are frequently concentric), continuous cracks or flaking of thedecorative surface. Indentations without cracks do not count as damage.
If the test is only conducted to determine whether the impact strength of a material exceeds a limiting value, the
specimen shall sustain no damage after five successive individual impact blows with the prescribed spring
force.
12.7 Expression of results
Enter the results of the series of tests on to an evaluation diagram (see Figure7 for an example) in which theyare subdivided into “Specimen not damaged ” and “Specimen damaged ”, for each value of spring force used.
This results in a transition range in which some specimens are damaged and some undamaged. The impactstrength of the material is the maximum value of the spring force, in newtons, for which no damage occurs in aseries of five tests.
12.8 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name and type of product;c) the impact strength, in newtons;
d) any deviation from the specified procedure;
e) the date of the test.23◦C±2◦C
×6
20mm
30mmISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 2313 Resistance to impact by large-diameter ball
13.1 Principle
A specimen from the sheet under test (bonded to wood chipboard if specified) is covered with a sheet of carbon
paper and subjected to the impact of a steel ball which is allowed to fall from a known height. Impact resistanceis expressed as the maximum drop height which can be achieved without incurring visible surface cracking orproducing an imprint greater than a specified maximum diameter.
13.2 Materials
13.2.1 High-quality fine-faced wood chipboard ,  to  nominal thickness with a tolerance of
, density  to  and moisture content .
Where the specimen is bonded to chipboard, the test actually measures the impact resistance of the whole
composite material, i.e. laminate, adhesive and substrate. The correct choice of chipboard quality is thereforevery important in achieving good reproducibility with this test. In cases of dispute, the same test shall be carriedout on chipboards from three different suppliers.
13.2.2 Urea-formaldehyde adhesive , containing approximately  filler, or an equivalent adhesive.
13.3 Apparatus
13.3.1 Free-fall test apparatus , of the type shown in Figure 8, or an equivalent which will produce the same
results.Key
Y spring force (N)
1 specimen not damaged
2 specimen damaged
3 transition range
NOTE In the example, the impact strength of the material is 26 N.
Figure 7 —Example of evaluation diagram for assessing the effect of impact blows with an impact 
tester (see12.7)
18mm 20mm
±0,3mm 625kg/m3700kg/m3(9±2)%
15%ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
24 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved13.3.2 Polished steel ball , of mass  and diameter , having no damaged or
flattened areas on its surface.
13.3.3 Specimen clamping frame , conforming to Figure9.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 electric power supply
2 transformer and rectifier
3 junction box with two-pin socket
4 junction box with indicator light
5 coiled wire lead
6 foot treadle switch
7 angle iron brackets (attached firmly 
to wall or column, plumb and 
perpendicular to base plate)
8 mounting board for test apparatus 
(medium- or high-density 
chipboard)
96 - m m - w i d e  s l o t
10 slidable machinist ’s steel scale
11 electromagnet on sliding mount
12 wing nut
13  steel 
base plate, levelled and set firmly to 
floor, and projecting out far enough 
in front of the stand for the whole of 
the clamping frame holding the test 
specimen (see Figure 9) to be 
placed on it
Figure 8 —Resistance to impact by large-diameter ball (see13.3.1 )324g±5,0g 42,8mm ±0,2mm
450mm ×450mm ×20mm
ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 2513.4 Test specimens
Specimens shall be  square. For laminates of thickness less than , specimens shall be
prepared by uniformly bonding a piece of the sheet under test to the wood chipboard (13.2.1) using thespecified adhesive (13.2.2). The bonded specimens shall be preconditioned for at least 7days at and  relative humidity before being used for the test.
For laminates of thickness  and , the effect of bonding the specimen is insignificant and the
test may be conducted with the laminate clamped in the frame in contact with the chipboard.
Laminates of thickness  shall be tested clamped in the frame without the chipboard support.Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1s p e c i m e n
2 metal frame
3 upper metal frame, thickness 
4 lower metal frame
Figure 9 —Clamping frame (see 13.3.3)5mm
230mm ±5mm 2,0mm
23◦C±2◦C
(50±5)%
⩾2,0mm <5,0mm
⩾5,0mmISO 4586-2:2004(E)
26 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved13.5 Procedure
The test shall be carried out in the laboratory atmosphere, and in cases of dispute it shall be carried out at
.
Clamp the specimen in the clamping frame (13.3.3) and place the assembly on the solid base of the free-fall test
apparatus (13.3.1). Cover the specimen with a sheet of carbon paper with its coated face in contact with the
decorative surface. Adjust the height scale so that its base is touching the face of the specimen.
Position the electromagnet at any arbitrary height (the specification limit for the material under test is a useful
starting point).
Place the steel ball (13.3.2) on the energized electromagnet. Operate the release mechanism so that the ball
falls on the specimen, catching the ball on the first rebound so that multiple impacts do not occur.
Examine the impact spot. If cracking is evident, or the carbon imprint is greater than the diameter specified in
ISO 4586-1, lower the electromagnet and repeat the test. If no cracking is evident and the imprint is smaller thanthe specified diameter, raise the electromagnet and repeat the test. The distance between points of impact, andbetween points of impact and the edge of the specimen, shall be at least . For referee purposes, only one
impact per specimen shall be made, with the point of impact as near as possible to the centre of the specimen.
Repeat the above procedure, as necessary, to determine the impact resistance, which is defined as the
maximum height for which no visible surface cracking, or imprint greater than the specified diameter, occurs infive successive strikes.
13.6 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name and type of product;c) the impact resistance, expressed in centimetres;d) the indentation diameter, expressed in millimetres;
e) any deviation from the specified test method;
f) the date of the test.
14 Resistance to cracking under stress (thin laminates )
14.1 Principle
A specimen, with a drilled hole, taken from the sheet under test is rigidly clamped in a steel fixture. Additional
stress is imposed by heating the clamped specimen at  for , and the resistance to cracking assessed
by visual examination.
14.2 Apparatus
14.2.1 Clamping device , as shown in Figure 10.
14.2.2 Drilling jig , to facilitate drilling of accurate holes which are free from chipping or cracking. A suitable jig
is shown in Figure 11.
14.2.3 Conditioning chamber , with a standard atmosphere of  and relative humidity of
.23◦C±2◦C
50mm
⩽2mm
50◦C6 h
23◦C±2◦C
(50±5)%ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 2714.2.4 Electrically heated oven , provided with air circulation and capable of being maintained at
.
14.2.5 Hand lens , with approximately  magnification.
14.2.6 Lighting , of intensity  to .
14.2.7 Drilling machine , operating at less than .
14.2.8 Micrometer thickness gauge , as described in 4.2.1.
14.3 Test specimens
Four specimens shall be prepared, of which three shall be tested and the fourth used as a drill backing piece.
Each specimen shall be  long,  wide and of the thickness of the sheet under
test. The length of the specimen shall correspond to the cross direction of the sheet.
The specimens shall have a  diameter hole drilled in their centres using a drilling jig (14.2.2),
the four specimens being clamped together with the decorative surfaces face to face. During the drilling
operation, care shall be taken to avoid chipping, cracking or burning around the edge of the holes. The drill shall
be sharp, and the speed of the drilling machine shall not exceed . After the drilling has been carriedout, the specimen used as a backing piece (i.e. the bottom specimen) shall be discarded.
Any specimen showing cracking, chipping or burning around the edge of the hole shall be discarded, and a
replacement prepared. Replacement specimens will also be needed if any specimen movement occurs duringthe test (see 14.4).Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1c l a m p i n g  b l o c k
2n u t
3 base plate
4 serrated surfaces
Figure 10 —Clamping device (mild steel)50◦C±2◦C
×6
800lx 1000lx
400r/min
150mm ±1mm 50mm ±0,5mm
10mm ±0,5mm
400r/minISO 4586-2:2004(E)
28 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved14.4 Procedure
Measure the thickness of the laminate under test in accordance with Clause 4.
Precondition the specimens for  in a standard atmosphere of  and  relative
humidity.
Preheat the clamping device (14.2.1) in the oven (14.2.4) for  at .
Take one specimen from the conditioning chamber (14.2.3), place it immediately in the pre-heated clamping
device, and tighten the nuts firmly to prevent movement of the specimen. Make reference marks on the surfaceof the specimen adjacent to each clamping block to confirm absence of movement.
Place the clamping device containing the specimen in the oven at .
After , remove the device from the oven, check the reference marks to ensure that the specimen
has not moved, and immediately examine the specimen (while still hot and clamped in the device) with thenaked eye and under  magnification for signs of cracking around the hole.
If there is any evidence of movement of the specimen in the clamps during the  test period, discard the
specimen without examination and repeat the whole procedure using a new specimen.
Test two further specimens using the same procedure.Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 handle
Figure11 —Drilling jig (mild steel)
48h 23◦C±2◦C (50±5)%
2h 50◦C±2◦C
50◦C±2◦C
6h±15min
×6
6hISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 2914.5 Expression of results
Express the result of the examination in accordance with the following rating scale (see also Figure 12):
Rating 5: No evidence of cracking
Rating 4: Hairline cracks only visible under  magnification
Rating 3: Cracks visible with normal vision (corrected if necessary) from the edge of the hole, but not
extending to either edge of the specimen
Rating 2: A crack visible with normal vision (corrected if necessary) from the edge of the hole, extending to
one edge of the specimen such that the specimen is not broken into two pieces
Rating 1: Specimen broken into two pieces
The resistance to cracking under stress is expressed as the arithmetic mean of the three individual ratings,
rounded to the nearest integer.
14.6 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;
b) the name and type of product;
c) the thickness of the sheet under test;
d) the resistance to cracking under stress;
e) any deviation from the specified procedure;
f) the date of the test.Key
1 to 4 ratings on rating scale (see 14.5)
aHairline cracks only visible under  magnification.
Figure12 —Classification of types of failure×6
×6ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
30 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved15 Resistance to scratching
15.1 Principle
Increasing loads are applied in specified steps to a diamond scratching point of defined geometry. The
resistance to scratching of the decorative laminate sheet under test is expressed as a rating which defines themaximum applied load which does not produce a continuous surface scratch. The test result is verified byvisually confirming that the next-higher load-step produces a continuous scratch.
15.2 Materials
15.2.1 Contrast medium , e.g. graphite, talcum, or a solution of dye in alcohol, to contrast with the colour of
the sheet under test.
15.2.2 Supply of cotton fabric .
15.3 Apparatus
15.3.1 Scratch test apparatus  (see Figure 13), consisting of the following parts:
15.3.1.1 Stand , with a device to indicate the horizontal, for example a spirit level.
15.3.1.2 Motor-driven turntable (A) , able to rotate about a vertical axis without play. The rotational frequency
shall be .
15.3.1.3 Arm (B) , carrying the holder for the diamond, mounted on a ball bearing, with a horizontal axis. The
height of this axis shall be adjustable so that the arm is exactly horizontal when the scratching point rests on the
test specimen.
15.3.1.4 Means of applying a known load , with an accuracy of  to the scratching point with weights
() .
15.3.1.5 Hemispherical diamond scratching point (E) , with a point radius of  and an
included angle of  (see also Figure 14)4). The diamond shall be mounted in the holder with the flat
part on the leading side of the shank facing the working direction.
15.3.1.6 Clamping disc (F) , to keep the test specimen flat.
15.3.2 Viewing enclosure , having a matt black interior and a light source (defined below) located at the top.
Its dimensions shall be such that the test specimen is located vertically below the light source and at distanceof . An aperture in the front shall allow inspection of the test specimen at various angles from a
distance of . A diagram of a suitable enclosure is shown in Figure15.
The light source shall consist of a  frosted bulb, mounted in a white reflector having an aperture of
approximately  diameter and producing an illumination of  to  at the specimen surface.
15.3.3 Conditioning chamber,  with a standard atmosphere of  and relative humidity of
.
15.3.4 Electronic balance,  suitable for verifying the force applied to the diamond point.
4) Diamond points conforming to these dimensions and profile are available from Cie Weinz, Industrie Edelstein Fabrik,
Postfach2740, D-55743Idar-Oberstein, Germany. The same product is available through Erichsen GmbH & Co. KG,
D-58675 Hemer-Sundwig/Westfalien, Germany. This is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This
information is given for the convenience of users of this part of ISO4586 and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of
this product.(5±1)r/min
±0,01N
C+D
(0,090±0,003)mm
(90±1)◦
(600±5)mm
(400±10)mm
100W
140mm 800lx 1000lx
(23±2)◦C
(50±5)%ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 31Key
1 direction of rotation
Figure 13 —Type of apparatus for measuring resistance to scratching (see15.3.1)ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
32 © ISO 2004 –All rights reservedDimensions in millimetres
Key
1 diamond holder
2d i a m o n d
3 diamond point
4 optical axis of projector
NOTE The crystal axis of the diamond shall be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the diamond holder. The dimensions of
the diamond holder are approximate and are given for information only.
Figure 14 —Diamond scratching point (see 15.3.1.5 )ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 33Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 lamp holder
2 forehead rest (foam-rubber pad)
3 inside wall matt black
4 device for centering test specimen
Figure 15 —Example of suitable viewing enclosure (see15.3.2)ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
34 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved15.4 Calibration of apparatus
Place the diamond point on the table of the electronic balance (15.3.4) and, with the arm (B) in a horizontal
position, verify that the position marks for the sliding weight (C) correspond to the load values shown in Table 2.If not, move weight C as necessary to achieve the correct loads, and mark the correct positions on the arm (B).
Calibration of the apparatus shall be carried out at least once a year.
15.5 Test specimen
The test specimen shall be a square of side  cut from the sheet under test. If required by the type
of apparatus used, a hole of suitable size shall be drilled in the centre of the specimen. One specimen shall betested.
Wipe the specimen surface using cotton fabric (15.2.2) impregnated with a solvent such as acetone. It is
important that, once cleaned, the surface is not fingered in the test area.
Before making the scratch test, store the specimen for  in the standard atmosphere specified in 15.3.3.
15.6 Procedure
Make sure that the stand of the test apparatus is standing horizontally.Adjust the height of the arm (B) so that it is horizontal when the diamond point rests on the test specimen.
Start the test by making two scratches (each with one revolution of the turntable) at  load with a spacing of
 to  between the scratch marks.
On the same specimen, repeat this procedure with loads of ,  and , leaving a space of  to
 between each pair of scratches.
Remove the specimen from the apparatus and rub the entire scratched area of the surface with a suitable
contrast medium (15.2.1) so that it is engrained in the scratches.
Carefully wipe the surface with clean cotton fabric (15.2.2) to remove any excess contrast medium which is not
engrained in a scratch.
NOTE This procedure is necessary to ensure that only true scratches are considered, and superficial hairline polish marks
are ignored.
Place the specimen against the centre support in the viewing enclosure (15.3.2) at an angle such that the
specimen can be viewed at right angles to the plane of the surface.
Examine the surface to determine the lowest load for which an almost continuous (i.e. ) double circle of
scratch marks can be seen. The examples shown in Figure16 can be used as a guide.
A scratch mark is where the contrast medium is engrained in the scratch, and is clearly visible as a line of colour
contrasting with the colour of the specimen.
Superficial polish marks (i.e. where there is a change in gloss level but no continuous engrained contrast
medium) shall be ignored.
The examination of the surface shall take no longer than , and the operator shall ensure that the double
circle of scratch marks selected is truly  continuous.Table 2—Load values
Position mark 1,0N 2,0N 4,0 N 6,0N
Load (grams force) 102±1 204 ±1 408 ±1 612 ±1
(100±1)mm
72h
1,0N
1mm 2mm
2,0N 4,0N 6,0N 3mm
5mm
>90%
10s
>90%ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 3515.7 Expression of results
Express the scratch resistance of the laminate under test in accordance with the rating scale in Table 3 (see
also Figure16).Key
1 to 5 ratings on rating scale (see Table3)
Figure 16 —Examples of scratch resistance test resultsISO 4586-2:2004(E)
36 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved15.8 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name, type and nominal thickness of the product tested;c) the scratch resistance, expressed in accordance with the rating scale in Table 3;d) any deviation from the specified test method;
e) the date of the test.
16 Resistance to staining
16.1 MethodA
16.1.1 Principle
Test specimens are left in contact with a series of staining agents which are likely to be encountered in everyday
use. The time and conditions of contact are specified for each staining agent. At the end of the specified contact
period, the specimens are washed and examined for residual surface marks.
If the product under test meets specification requirements when tested with each of the six staining agents
marked with an asterisk, then it is deemed to comply with the specification for stain resistance. The otherstaining agents are included for information only. In the case of a specific complaint, the staining agent inquestion (selected from group 1, 2 or 3) shall be used to verify the quality of the laminate.Table 3—Scratch resistance rating scale
Discontinuous scratches, or 
faint superficial marks, or no 
visible marks continuous double 
circle of scratch marks clearly 
visible
Rating 5Rating 4Rating 3Rating 2Rating 1 —>90%
6N >6N
4N 6N2N 4N1N 2N
1NISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 3716.1.2 Staining agents
Staining agent Test conditions Contact time
Group 1
*Acetone
Trichlorethane
Other organic solvents
Toothpaste
Hand cream
Urine
Alcoholic beverages
Natural fruit and vegetable juices
Lemonade and fruit drinks
Meats and sausages
Animal and vegetable fats and oils
Water
Yeast suspension in water
Salt (NaCl) solutions
Mustard
Lyes, soap solutions
Cleaning solution
 dodecylbenzene sulfonate
 alkyl aryl polyglycol ether
 water
Phenol and chloramine T disinfectants
Stain or paint remover based on organic solvents
Citric acid (  solution)16.1.5.1 Procedure A
Apply staining agent
at ambient temperature to 
Group 2
16.1.5.1 ProcedureA
Apply staining agent
at approximately *Coffee (  of coffee per litre of water)
Black tea (  of tea per litre of water)
Milk (all types)
Cola beverages
Wine vinegar
Alkaline-based cleaning agents diluted to  concentration 
with water
Hydrogen peroxide (  solution)
Ammonia (  solution of commercial concentrate)
Nail varnish
Nail varnish remover
Lipstick
Water colours
Laundry marking inks
Ball point inks16.1.5.1 ProcedureA
Apply staining agent
at ambient temperature
Group 3a
*Sodium hydroxide (  solution)
16.1.5.1 Procedure A
Apply staining agentat ambient temperature*Hydrogen peroxide (  solution)
Concentrated vinegar (  acetic acid)
Bleaching agents and sanitary cleaners containing them
Hydrochloric acid based cleaning agents ( )
Acid-based metal cleaners
Mercurochrome (2,7-dibromo-4-hydroxymercurifluorescein,
disodium salt)
*Shoe polish
Hair colouring and bleaching agents
Tincture of iodine (or  povidone iodine)
Boric acid
Lacquers and adhesives (except fast-curing materials)
Amidosulfonic acid descaling agents (  solution)
Group 4
*Citric acid (  solution)
Acetic acid (  solution)16.1.5.2 Procedure B
aAcids and alkalis, in concentrations stronger than those shown in group 3, which can be contained in commercial cleaning agents , can
cause surface damage or marking, even with very short contact times. Any spillage of such materials shall be washed off immedia tely.23%
10%
67%
10%16h 24h
80◦C120g
9g
16h10%
3%
10%
25%
10min30%
30%
⩽3%HCl
10%
<10%
10%
5%20minISO 4586-2:2004(E)
38 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved16.1.3 Apparatus and materials
16.1.3.1 Glass covers  (for example watch glasses), to restrict evaporation.
16.1.3.2 Thermometer , range  to .
16.1.3.3 Flat-bottomed aluminium vessel , in accordance with 8.3.1.
16.1.3.4 Hotplate , or other suitable heat source.
16.1.3.5 Horizontal inspection surface , illuminated by overhead and low-angle daylight or white fluorescent
light of intensity  to .
16.1.3.6 Wetting agent , for example domestic detergent.
16.1.3.7 Solvents , such as ethanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc. (see 16.1.5).
16.1.3.8 Soft clean cloth .
16.1.3.9 Hard nylon bristle brush  (for example a nail brush).
16.1.4 Test specimens
Individual specimens of any suitable size shall be used, cut from the sheet under test. Alternatively, a single
piece of laminate, large enough to allow the staining agents to be applied side by side, can be used. Keep thespecimen flat during the test.
In cases of dispute, specimens shall be bonded to chipboard (see 8.4), particularly for procedure B.
16.1.5 Procedures
16.1.5.1 Procedure A
The specimens shall be initially at ambient temperature.
Apply a small quantity (for example 2 or 3drops) of staining agent to two specimens. The staining agent shall
be at the temperature specified in 16.1.2. Cover the staining agent on one of the two specimens with a glasscover (16.1.3.1).
After the specified contact time has elapsed, if necessary remove the staining agent with a suitable solvent (for
example butyl acetate to remove nail varnish), then wash with water containing a suitable wetting agent(16.1.3.6), and finally with ethanol (16.1.3.7) or other solvents as required to clean the surface. A suitable brush(16.1.3.9) may be used to remove staining agent from textured surfaces.
One hour after washing, place the specimen on the inspection surface (16.1.3.5) and view it from various angles
at a distance of .
16.1.5.2 Procedure B
The specimen shall be prepared in accordance with 8.4.Apply a small quantity (for example 2 or 3drops) of the staining agent to the specimen. The staining agent shall
be at ambient temperature.
Fill the vessel (16.1.3.3) with water (to within  of the top) and heat it until the water boils vigorously.
Discontinue heating and immediately place the vessel containing the boiling water on the surface of thespecimen directly over the pool of staining agent.0◦C 100◦C
800lx 1000lx
400mm
15mmISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 39After the specified contact time, remove the vessel and wash the specimen with water containing a suitable
wetting agent (16.1.3.6) and then with ethanol (16.1.3.7) or other solvents as required to clean the surface.
A suitable brush (16.1.3.9) may be used to remove staining agent from textured surfaces.
One hour after washing, place the specimen on the inspection surface (16.1.3.5) and view it from various angles
at a distance of .
16.1.6 Expression of results
The effect on the surface of the specimen shall be expressed in accordance with the following rating scale for
each of the six mandatory staining agents.
Rating 5: No visible change
Rating 4: Slight change of gloss and/or colour, only visible at certain viewing angles
Rating 3: Moderate change of gloss and/or colourRating 2: Marked change of gloss and/or colour
Rating 1: Surface distortion and/or blistering
16.1.7 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name and type of product;
c) an assessment of stain resistance for each staining agent applied, expressed in accordance with the rating
scale given in 16.1.6;
d) any deviation from the specified procedure;e) the date of the test.
16.2 Method B
16.2.1 Principle
Test specimens are left in contact with a series of staining agents that are likely to be encountered in everyday
household use. At the end of the prescribed contact period, the specimens are subjected to a specified cleaningprogramme and examined for any residual surface marks.
This test method may also be used with staining agents other than those specified, to cover specific
requirements agreed between supplier and purchaser.
16.2.2 Materials
16.2.2.1 Commercially available non-abrasive cleaner , containing approximately  of butyl cellosolve.
16.2.2.2 Commercially available bleach , containing  of sodium hypochlorite.
16.2.2.3 Baking soda .
16.2.2.4 Supply of clean, soft, white cloth .
16.2.2.5 Supply of cotton balls .
16.2.2.6 Acetone .400mm
4%
(5±0,5)%ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
40 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved16.2.2.7 Distilled water .
16.2.2.8 Staining agents , as listed in TableTable4.
16.2.3 Apparatus
16.2.3.1 Glass covers , approximately  in diameter (for example watch-glasses), one for each test
requiring a cover.
16.2.3.2 Overhead white fluorescent lights , with bulb(s) positioned parallel to the line of sight and providing
an intensity of  to  at the specimen surface.
16.2.3.3 Cellulose sponge , measuring approximately .
16.2.3.4 Hard polyamide (nylon) bristle brush , for example a nail brush.
16.2.3.5 Weight , of one kilogram mass.
16.2.4 Test specimen
The test specimen shall have a surface area sufficient to permit all 15 test reagents to be placed on the surface
in two lines with the individual stains about  apart. A  specimen is adequate.Table 4—Staining agents and their application
Agent 
numberDescription Preparation notes Application
1 Distilled water —
Apply 2 drops (an approximately
6-mm-diameter spot) and cover with 
a watch-glass2 Ethyl alcoholA mixture of  ethyl alcohol and 
 distilled water
3A c e t o n e —
4 Household ammonia Non-sudsing type
5  citric acidA solution of  citric acid in distilled 
water
6 Vegetable oil —
7 Fresh coffeeOne teaspoon instant coffee per  
distilled water
8 Fresh teaBrew 1 tea bag per  boiling 
distilled water for two minutes
9 Tomato ketchup —
10 Yellow mustard —
11Tincture of iodine (or  
povidone iodine)—
12 Black permanent marker —
Apply a spot approximately  in 
diameter; do not cover13 HB pencil —
14 Wax crayon —
15 Black paste shoe polish —
NOTE Staining agents shall be kept in closed containers to avoid any change in concentration. Perishable food items shall be kep t 
refrigerated.50%
50%
10%10%
180ml
120ml
10%
6mm
25mm
800lux 1100lux
75mm ×100mm ×50mm
50mm 100mm ×400mmISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 4116.2.5 Procedure
16.2.5.1 Staining procedure
Clean the surface of the test specimen using the cleaner (16.2.2.1) and water on a clean cloth (16.2.2.4). Rinse
the specimen thoroughly and dry using another clean, soft cloth. Allow to dry completely at room temperature.
Position the test specimen on a flat, level, horizontal surface and fix it down (e.g. with tape or weights) to keep it
in a horizontal plane.
Place a small quantity of each staining agent (to give a spot approximately  in diameter) on the surface of
the test specimen. The staining agents shall be at room temperature.
If indicated in Table 4, cover each staining agent with a glass cover (16.2.3.1), concave side down, and move
the glass cover gently while in contact with the surface of the test specimen until the entire circular rim of the
glass cover is wetted by the staining agent and the staining agent covers an area both under and outside the
glass cover.
Mark the test specimen suitably so that each staining agent is identified.
Leave the test specimen undisturbed for a period of  to , then remove the glass covers and subject the
test specimen to the cleaning procedures prescribed in16.2.5.2.
16.2.5.2 Cleaning procedures and ratings
Stage1: Flush the surface of the specimen with water and wipe gently with the sponge (16.2.3.3) moistened
with water. Blot the specimen dry with a clean, soft cloth (16.2.2.4) and examine the surface in accordance withthe inspection procedure described in 16.2.5.3. If a staining agent is completely removed by stage 1 cleaning(i.e. no visible marks remain), then give that agent a rating of 0. If any stains remain, proceed to stage2.
Stage2: Wet the surface of the specimen with the non-abrasive cleaner (16.2.2.1). Moisten the sponge
(16.2.3.3) with water and place it on the surface, then place the  weight (16.2.3.5) centrally on top of thesponge. Push the weighted sponge back and forth (without any additional downward pressure) over the area tobe cleaned, for 25 cycles (see NOTE). Rinse the specimen with water and wipe dry using a clean, soft cloth(16.2.2.4), then examine the surface in accordance with the inspection procedure (see 16.2.5.3). If a staining
agent is completely removed by stage2 cleaning (i.e. no visible marks remain), then give that agent a rating of
1. If any stains remain, proceed to stage 3.
NOTE In stages2 and 3, one cycle is a movement forward across the area to be cleaned and back again to the starting
position.
Stage3: Wet the surface of the specimen with the non-abrasive cleaner (16.2.2.1) and add baking soda to
achieve a pasty consistency. Using the stiff-bristle brush (16.2.3.4), scrub any areas where traces of the stainingagents are still visible, for 25 cycles (see NOTE). Rinse the specimen with water and wipe dry using a clean,soft cloth (16.2.2.4), then examine the surface in accordance with the inspection procedure (see 16.2.5.3). If astaining agent is completely removed by stage 3 cleaning (i.e. no visible marks remain), then give that agent arating of 2. If any stains remain, proceed to stage4.
Stage4: Using a cotton ball (16.2.2.5) saturated with acetone (16.2.2.6), rub the stain gently for two minutes.
Rinse the specimen with water and wipe dry using a clean, soft cloth (16.2.2.4), then examine the surface inaccordance with the inspection procedure (see 16.2.5.3). If a staining agent is completely removed by stage4cleaning (i.e. no visible marks remain), then that agent shall be given a rating of 3. If any stains remain, proceedto stage 5.
Stage5: Place a cotton ball (16.2.2.5) saturated with hypochlorite bleach (16.2.2.2) on the stain, and allow it to
remain in contact for a period of two minutes. Rinse the specimen with water and wipe dry using a clean, softcloth (16.2.2.4), then examine the surface in accordance with the inspection procedure (see 16.2.5.3). If a6mm
16h 24h
1kgISO 4586-2:2004(E)
42 © ISO 2004 –All rights reservedstaining agent is completely removed by stage 5 cleaning (i.e. no visible marks remain) then give that agent a
rating of 4.
Give any staining agent that remains visible after stage5 a rating of 5.
16.2.5.3 Inspection procedure
After each stage of cleaning, place the specimen on a horizontal surface under the inspection lights (16.2.3.2)
and view it at an eye-to-specimen distance of  to , and at an angle of  to  to the
horizontal plane. Rotate the specimen on the horizontal surface and view it from all directions. Direct sunlight or
other light sources which might accentuate or minimize the visual effect shall be avoided.
16.2.6 Expression of results16.2.6.1 Cleanability
Add up the ratings given to the 15 staining agents, and report the cleanability of the test specimen as the sum
of the ratings of the 15 agents.
A typical example, showing a specimen with a cleanability of 16, is shown in Table 5.
16.2.6.2 Stain resistance
Assess the stain resistance after completion of the required stages of cleaning, and report as one of the
following:
Rating5: The staining agents have no effect. All marks from the staining agents removed, with no
impairment to surface appearance other than a change in gloss due to cleaning.
Rating3: The staining agents have a moderate effect. One or more slight stains evident, with no other
impairment to surface appearance other than a change in gloss due to cleaning.
Rating1: The staining agents have a severe effect. One or more heavy stains evident and/or disturbance of
the surface other than a change in gloss due to cleaning.
Record any staining agents that produce a moderate or severe effect.Table 5—A typical example of cleanability
Agent number Stain Rating
1 Distilled water 02 Ethyl alcohol 0
3 Acetone 0
4 Household ammonia 05  citric acid 0
6 Vegetable oil 0
7 Fresh coffee 08 Fresh tea 0
9 Tomato ketchup 1
10 Yellow mustard 211 Tincture of iodine (or  povidone iodine) 2
12 Black permanent marker 2
13 HB pencil 214 Wax crayon 3
15 Black paste shoe polish 4
Total: 16750mm 900mm 45◦75◦
10%
10%ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 4316.3 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name, type, and nominal thickness of the product;
c) the cleanability of the specimen, expressed in accordance with 16.2.6.1;
d) the stain resistance of the specimen, expressed in accordance with 16.2.6.2, plus a note of any staining
agents that produced a moderate or severe effect;
e) any deviation from the test method specified;f) the date of the test.
17 Lightfastness
17.1 Method A
17.1.1 Principle
A test specimen taken from the laminate under test is exposed to daylight simulated by the filtered light of one
or more xenon-arc lamps. The effect on the colour of the specimen, at a specified radiant exposure, is assessedby the contrast between the exposed and unexposed portions of the test specimen. The radiant exposure isdetermined both instrumentally and by assessing the effect on blue wool references which are exposedsimultaneously.
Daylight spectral distribution is specified since decorative laminates may, in certain applications, be exposed to
direct daylight through open windows.
17.1.2 Apparatus
17.1.2.1 Test device , as specified in ISO 4892-1 and ISO 4892-2, equipped with:
—one or more xenon-arc lamps, filtered to provide a spectral energy distribution which closely approximates
to that of solar irradiance as described in CIE Publication No. 85:1989, Table 4, and ISO 4892-2:1994,Subclause4.1.1, method A;
—stainless-steel specimen holders, in the form of an open frame, which provide the test specimens with a
solid backing;
—a black-standard thermometer as specified in ISO 4892-1;
—a photoelectronic sensor (radiometer) of one of the types specified in ISO 9370 to measure the irradiance
and the radiant exposure at the specimen surface in the wavelength range  to , or at .
17.1.2.2 Conditioning chamber , maintained at a temperature of  and a relative humidity of
.
17.1.2.3 Viewing enclosure , having a matt interior colour corresponding approximately to Munsell N5. It shall
be equipped with an artificial light source, located at the top, simulating average north sky daylight (e.g.tungsten-halogen incandescent lamps) and generating a colour temperature of  and at least
 at the surface of the specimen. The viewing enclosure shall be placed in a position where the
surrounding lighting conditions will not affect the visual assessment of the specimen.300nm 400nm 340nm
(23±2)◦C
(50±5)%
(6500±200)K
800luxISO 4586-2:2004(E)
44 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved17.1.3 Test specimen
One test specimen shall be prepared in accordance with ISO 4892-1. It shall be representative of the laminate
to be tested, be cut to the size required for the specimen holder used, and be appropriate for the method ofassessment after exposure.
17.1.4 Procedure
The test specimen and a set of blue wool references 5, 6 and 7 (as specified in ISO 105-B02) shall be exposed
simultaneously. Blue wool references 5 and 7 are included to provide confirmation that wool reference6 hasdegraded to the specified degree of contrast.
Using opaque stainless-steel covers, shield approximately one-half of both the test specimen and the set of blue
wool references.
Carry out the test in accordance with ISO 4892-2 under the following operating conditions:
—irradiance at the test specimen surface in the wavelength range  to : ; or at
wavelength : ;
—black-standard temperature: ;
—relative humidity: .
Discontinue the exposure when the contrast between the exposed and unexposed portions of blue wool
reference6 is equal to grade4 on the grey scale, as defined in ISO 105-A02 (see NOTE 1).
Measure and record the radiant exposure (over  to , or at ).Remove the test specimen from the apparatus, take off the cover, and leave the specimen for  in dark
conditions in the conditioning chamber (17.1.2.2) to prevent extraneous darkening and/or photochromism (see
NOTE 2).
NOTE1 Although the use of blue wool references is no longer the preferred method of measuring radiant exposure (see
ISO4892-2:1994), the method is still in common use and is therefore permitted. Once sufficient data have been collected,
the end-point of the test will be defined by the level of radiant exposure.
NOTE2 Extraneous darkening and/or photochromism are due to the shock effect of accelerated exposure, and are not
characteristics of natural exposure. Keeping the specimens in dark conditions for  allows recovery from these effects.
17.1.5 Assessment of specimen and expression of results
Place the test specimen in the viewing enclosure (17.1.2.3).
Examine the surface of the test specimen with the naked eye, corrected if necessary, at a distance of
approximately  for any change in colour, assessing the contrast between the exposed and unexposedportions of the test specimen in terms of a grade on the grey scale in accordance with ISO 105-A02.
The lightfastness of the test specimen is expressed in terms of the contrast being greater than, equal to or less
than grade 4 on the grey scale.
17.1.6 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name, type and nominal thickness of the product;c) details of the apparatus used;d) the irradiance at the test specimen surface;300nm 400nm (60±3)W/m2
340nm (0,5±0,03)W/m2
(65±3)◦C
(50±5)%
300nm 400nm 340nm
(24±2)h
24h
50cmISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 45e) the radiant exposure;
f) the exposure time;g) the lightfastness of the specimen;h) any deviation from the method specified;i) the date of the test.
17.2 Method B
17.2.1 Principle
The test assesses the effect on the colour of a test specimen of exposure to a filtered xenon-arc light source
having a frequency range approximating to sunlight through window glass.
It is not intended to show the resistance to continuous exposure to outdoor weathering conditions.
17.2.2 Materials
17.2.2.1 White petroleum jelly .
17.2.3 Apparatus
17.2.3.1 Suitable xenon-arc test apparatus , as specified in ISO 4892-1 and ISO 4892-2, capable of
providing radiant energy closely approximating to sunlight, with a spectral bandpass of  to  andwith appropriate filtering to simulate daylight through window glass. The apparatus shall incorporate a systemfor mounting specimen holders at an equal radial distance from the centre of the light source and revolving themaround the light source so as to provide equal radiant exposure.
17.2.3.2 Specimen holders , suitable for the test apparatus, and incorporating a mask to cover half of the
exposed face of the test specimen.
17.2.3.3 Overhead white fluorescent lights , with bulb(s) positioned parallel to the line of sight and providing
an intensity of  to  at the specimen surface.
17.2.3.4 Conditioning chamber , maintained at a temperature of  and a relative humidity of
.
17.2.4 Standardization of apparatus
Calibration, maintenance and filter changes shall be strictly in accordance with the equipment manufacturer's
recommendations.
The calibration wavelength for the xenon unit shall be 
17.2.5 Test specimen
The test specimen shall be of the size specified for the test apparatus being used. The length of the specimen
shall be in the machine direction of the laminate.
Condition the specimen for at least  prior to the test at a temperature of  and relative humidity
.280nm 800nm
800lux 1100lux
(23±2)◦C
(50±5)%
420nm.
48h (23±2)◦C
(50±5)%ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
46 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved17.2.6 Procedure
Mount the test specimen in a specimen holder (17.2.3.2) so that approximately one-half of the specimen is
exposed to the light source, the other half being covered by the mask. Fill all the specimen holders, utilizingblanks if necessary, and keep them filled during the whole of the test, in order to maintain correct air-flowconditions through the test chamber.
Carry out the test under the operating conditions specified in Table 6.
NOTE1 The setting of the wet-bulb temperature in relation to the dry-bulb temperature is designed to maintain a relative
humidity of .
NOTE2 All test parameters should be maintained as close as possible to the required settings.
The black-panel thermometer shall be mounted at the same distance from the light source as the test
specimen. The black coating shall be maintained in good condition in order to achieve as accurately as possiblethe black-body temperature of the panel.
At the conclusion of the specified exposure period, remove the test specimen from its holder and allow it to
condition at room temperature for a period of .
After this conditioning period, examine the specimen within  by placing the specimen on a horizontal surface
under the inspection lights (17.2.3.3) and viewing it at an eye-to-specimen distance of  to , andat an angle of  to  from the horizontal plane. Rotate the specimen on the horizontal surface and view itfrom all directions. Direct sunlight or other light sources which might accentuate or minimize the visual effectshall be avoided.
If a difference in appearance is evident between the exposed and unexposed areas of the test specimen, coat
the surface of the specimen with a thin film of white petroleum jelly (17.2.2.1) and re-examine it. If the difference
persists, report the difference as a colour change; if it disappears, report it as a change in surface finish.
17.2.7 Expression of results
Express the result of the examination in accordance with the following rating scale:
Rating5: No change in colour or surface finishRating4: A slight change in colour or surface finish visible only at certain viewing angles and directionsRating3: A moderate change in colour or surface finish that is just visible at all viewing angles and
directions
Rating2: A marked change in colour or surface finish that is very evident at all viewing angles and
directions
Rating1: Surface blistering and/or crackingTable 6—Operating conditions
Parameter Setting Tolerance
Total irradianceIrradiance levelBlack-panel temperatureDry-bulb temperatureWet-bulb temperatureConditioning-water temperatureDuration of exposurePower adjustment Automatic To maintain steady irradiance levels, allowing for
ageing of xenon burners and solarization of filters(50±5)%
24h
4h
750mm 900mm
45◦75◦
285,1kJ/m2±2,0kJ/m2
1,10W/m2±0,03W/m2
70◦C ±3◦C
50◦C ±3◦C
39◦C ±1◦C
20◦C ±3◦C
72h ±1%ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 4717.2.8 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;
b) the name, type and nominal thickness of the product;
c) details of the apparatus used;d) the lightfastness of the specimen, expressed in accordance with 17.2.7;e) any deviation from the method specified;f) the date of the test.
17.3 Method C (Resistance to colour change in light from an enclosed carbon-arc lamp)
17.3.1 Principle
Part of a test specimen taken from the sheet under test is exposed, together with standard blue wool
specimens, to the light of an enclosed carbon-arc lamp. The light dosage is determined by the effect on the wool
specimens, and the effect on the test specimen is assessed at a specified light dosage by the contrast betweenthe exposed and unexposed portions of the specimen.
The test is fully described in ISO 4892:1981.
17.3.2 Apparatus
As specified in ISO 4892:1981, without control of humidity.
17.3.3 Test specimen
As specified in ISO 4892:1981.
17.3.4 Procedure
Carry out the test using the single-exposure method described in ISO 4892:1981, and discontinue the exposure
when blue wool standard No. 5 shows a contrast between exposed and unexposed portions equal to grade4 on
the grey scale.
17.3.5 Evaluation and expression of results
Examine the contrast between the exposed and unexposed portions of the test specimen and record it in terms
of grades on the grey scale.
Express the result in relation to the resistance to colour change of blue wool standard No. 5 as one of the
following:
Specimen contrast
(grey scale grade No.)Resistance to colour change
(blue wool standard No.)
45>4 >5
<4 <5ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
48 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved17.3.6 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name and type of product;c) the resistance of the specimen to colour change, expressed as greater than, equal to, or less than of blue
wool standard No.5;
d) any deviation from the specified procedure;e) the date of the test.
18 Resistance to cigarette burns
18.1 MethodA
18.1.1 Principle
Specimens from the sheet under test are bonded to wood chipboard to simulate service conditions and
subjected to the heat from burning cigarettes placed on their surfaces. The test result is expressed in terms ofany resultant damage.
18.1.2 Materials
18.1.2.1 Fine-faced wood chipboard ,  to  nominal thickness with a tolerance of ,
density  to  and moisture content .
18.1.2.2 Urea-formaldehyde adhesive , containing approximately  filler, or an equivalent adhesive.
18.1.2.3 Pale-tobacco cigarettes without filters , from each of three well known brands, each with a mass of
 to  for a length of  and with the tobacco evenly distributed over its length. They shall be kept in
the standard atmosphere (see 18.1.4) for at least  before being used for the test.
18.1.2.4 Ethanol ,  by volume.
18.1.2.5 Soft cloth .
18.1.3 Test specimen
The specimen shall be prepared by uniformly bonding a piece of the sheet under test to the wood chipboard
(18.1.2.1), using the specified adhesive (18.1.2.2). The bonded specimen shall be kept in the standardatmosphere (see 18.1.4) for at least 7 days before being used for the test. One specimen square shall be prepared.
18.1.4 Apparatus
18.1.4.1 Conditioning chamber , with a standard atmosphere of  and relative humidity of
.
18.1.5 Procedure
Ignite one cigarette from one of the brands and let it burn to consume a length of approximately .Place the burning cigarette in full-length contact with the horizontal surface of the specimen in a draught-free
area so that the glued seam of the cigarette is not in contact with the specimen. Allow the cigarette to continue18mm 20mm ±0,3mm
625kg/m3700kg/m3(9±2)%
15%
1,0g 1,1g 70mm
24h
95%
230mm ±5mm
23◦C±2◦C
(50±5)%
10mmISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 49burning until an additional  length is consumed. If the cigarette goes out before this occurs, repeat the
test.
Follow the same procedure with the two cigarettes from the other two brands.Remove any superficial combustion residues with a soft cloth moistened with alcohol. Examine the surface with
the naked eye, corrected if necessary, for any changes such as discolouration, cracks or blisters.
18.1.6 Expression of results
Express the result for each area of cigarette contact in accordance with the following rating scale:
Rating 5: No visible changeRating 4: Slight change of gloss only visible at certain viewing angles and/or slight brown stainRating 3: Moderate change of gloss and/or moderate brown stainRating 2: Severe brown mark, but no destruction of the surface
Rating 1: Blistering and/or cracks
18.1.7 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name and type of product;
c) the brands of cigarette used;
d) the cigarette burn resistance of the specimen, expressed as the arithmetic mean of the three individual
ratings, rounded to the nearest integer;
e) any deviation from the specified procedure;f) the date of the test.
18.2 Method B (simulated test using electric heater)
18.2.1 Principle
Specimens taken from the sheet under test, and bonded to wood chipboard to simulate service conditions, are
exposed to local radiant heat from an electric heater. The resistance of the material is assessed in terms of theduration of exposure needed to cause visible damage.
18.2.2 Materials
18.2.2.1 Fine-faced wood chipboard ,  to  nominal thickness with a tolerance of ,
density  to  and moisture content .
18.2.2.2 Urea-formaldehyde adhesive , containing approximately  filler, or an equivalent adhesive.
18.2.3 Apparatus
18.2.3.1 Heating-element support  (see Figure17), consisting of electrically non-conducting laminated sheet.20mm
18mm 20mm ±0,3mm
625kg/m3700kg/m3(9±2)%
15%ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
50 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved18.2.3.2 Heating element  (see Figure17), of iron-aluminium alloy, having the following characteristics:
—cross-section of flat wire: ;
—wire length: 
—electrical resistance: .
This heating element shall be in the form of a spiral (outside diameter approximately , external ring not
included).
18.2.3.3 Adjustable mounting , for the heating element (see Figure 17), consisting of an externally threaded
brass sleeve located vertically by two knurled brass nuts.
18.2.3.4 Calibration block  (see Figure18), of electrically insulating laminate, on which are mounted:
a) A disc support, made from homogeneous heat-insulating diatomaceous-earth sheet material of bulk density
 to , and of thermal conductivity  to  in the temperature
range  to .
b) A stainless-steel disc, to the bottom of which is silver-soldered an iron-constantan thermocouple. The
surface of the disc shall be highly polished and flat, and shall be in the same plane as the surface of the discsupport. The disc shall be clamped firmly on its support.
18.2.3.5 Glass-windowed cover  (see Figure 19), with the following nominal dimensions:
lengthwidthheight
18.2.3.6 Stopwatch .
18.2.3.7 Power source , producing a constant current for the heating element.
This source may be
a) either a series of well charged accumulators with elements in good condition, able to provide the heating
element with a power greater than ,
b) or an electrical unit powered from the mains supply.
18.2.3.8 Control circuit , to adjust and maintain the power consumption of the heating element with an
accuracy of . Measurements are made by means of a voltmeter and an ammeter. A circuit for use witha  supply is shown in Figure 20.
18.2.3.9 Potentiometer , for measuring the temperature of the stainless-steel disc.
18.2.3.10 Cotton wick , saturated with liquid paraffin.
18.2.3.11 Conditioning chamber , with a standard atmosphere of  and relative humidity of
.1,6mm ×0,25mm
480mm;
1,8Ω±0,1Ω
15mm
512kg/m3576kg/m30,10W/ (m·K)0,12W/ (m·K)
0◦C 300◦C
240mm
110 mm
80mm
20W
±0,1%
115 V
23◦C±2◦C
(50±5)%ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 51Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 heating-element support
2 heating element
3 silver-soldered connection
4 two screws F/90, Ø
5 two knurled nuts, thickness , fine threaded pitch , Øint. , Øext. 
6 tube, Ø , length , externally threaded, fine threaded pitch 
7n u t  H M 4
8 earthing terminal
9 four nuts HM4
10 four washers M4
11 electrical resistance coil soldered to the threaded tube at three points on the circumference
12 four screws R4/12
Materials: Electrically insulating laminate, screws and threaded tube.
Figure 17 —Electric heater for cigarette test (see 18.2.3.1, 18.2.3.2 and 18.2.3.3)
4/18mm
3mm 0,75mm 27mm 39mm
20/27mm 17mm 0,75mmISO 4586-2:2004(E)
52 © ISO 2004 –All rights reservedDimensions in millimetres
Key
1 calibration block
2 disc support (material: diatomaceous earth or similar insulating material)
3 stainless-steel disc, Ø , thickness , central hole Ø
4 iron-constantan thermocouple silver-soldered in a hole ( Ø ) in the stainless-steel disc
5d u c t ,  Ø
6h o l e s ,  Ø
7 circular depression
8 electrically insulating laminate washer, Øext. , Øint. , thickness 
9 eight screws F/90, Ø
Materials: Electrically insulating laminate.
Figure18 —Calibration block for cigarette test (see 18.2.3.4)
12,5mm 0,4mm 1mm
1mm
3mm
3,5mm
57mm 3mm 7mm
3/10mmISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 53Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 two glass-covered observation windows facing each other — size  (nominal)
Figure 19 —Apparatus cover for cigarette test (see 18.2.3.5)
180mm ×50mmISO 4586-2:2004(E)
54 © ISO 2004 –All rights reservedKey
1 w i r e
2  heater cord
3 resistor heating element
List of items
Symbol Function Description
F-1 Line fuse 5A
Line fuse mounting
F-2 Control fuse 1A
Control fuse mounting Extractor post
F-3 Power fuse 10A
Power fuse mounting Extractor post
M-1 Ammeter 0A to 10 A alternating current
M-2 Voltmeter 0V to 6 V alternating current (452/V)S-1 Line connector Male connector
SW-1 Line switch DPST toggle switch
T-1 Autotransformer Primary: 115 V;
secondary: 0,130 V; 5 A
T-2 Power transformer Primary: 115 V;
secondary: 5,25 V; 22 A
T-3 Voltage stabilizer ; 115V output 
Figure20 —Wiring diagram of control circuit for cigarette test (see 18.2.3.8)
5mm2
5mm2
100V·A ±1%ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 5518.2.4 Test specimens
Each specimen shall be prepared by uniformly bonding a piece of the sheet under test to the wood chipboard
(18.2.2.1), using the specified adhesive (18.2.2.2). The bonded specimens shall be kept in the conditioningchamber (18.2.3.11) for at least 7 days before being used for the test. Three specimens measuring
 shall be prepared.
18.2.5 Procedure18.2.5.1 Calibration
The bottom of the heating element shall be flat.
Adjust the heating element so that the distance between its lower side and the disc is  (without
including the edging ring).
Stand the heating-element support (18.2.3.1) on its end and adjust the power input to approximately .
Allow to heat for .
Blacken the stainless-steel disc with the flame from the burning paraffin-saturated wick to produce a uniform
coating of carbon. The insulating support shall be kept clean.
Place the heating-element support on the calibration block so that the heating element covers the disc.
Cover the assembly to exclude draughts.
Allow the heating element to warm the disc for  in order to produce a final temperature of approximately
.
It is not necessary to record the intermediate temperatures. If the final temperature is not , adjust the
power input. Lift up the heating-element support without disconnecting the power supply and stand it in thevertical position.
Keep the calibration block under the cover until the disc cools to , then replace the heating-
element support on the calibration block and cover immediately.
Start the stopwatch when the heating-element support and the calibration block touch. Measure and record the
temperature at  intervals, for a period of .
The calibration curve shall be within the following limits:
Time (min) Temperature (°C)
0123456789
10(230±2)mm×(80±1)mm
8mm±0,1mm
20W
30min
10min
285◦C
285◦C
40◦C±0,5◦C
1min 10min
40±0,5
215±3
251±3
265±3
274±3
279±3
282±3
284±3
285±3
286±3
287±3ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
56 © ISO 2004 –All rights reservedDuring the calibration, the current shall not fluctuate. If necessary, adjustment shall be made and further
calibration carried out until the desired curve is obtained (each time allowing the calibration block to cool to
).
When the calibration curve is obtained, proceed with the test.
18.2.5.2 Test
Position the heater on the specimen so that the resistance coil is at least  from the nearest edge, start the
timer at the same time, and cover the assembly with the enclosure within .
Continue the test until the specimen fails or for . Failure is defined for this purpose as blistering, charring,
permanent discolouration or crazing. If failure occurs in less than , record the time of failure.
The test shall be invalid if
a) the heating element is moved during the test or is not positioned  above the surface of the
specimen;
b) the power input to the heating element does not remain constant at the level of last calibration;c) the cover is removed at any time during the test.
Repeat the test on additional specimens to obtain three valid results.
The calibration of the heating element shall be checked at least once per hour, and at any time that irregular
results or an unsteady power input are observed.
18.2.6 Expression of results
Report the result as the average of the three times to failure, in seconds.If one or two tests are discontinued without failure, their results shall be taken as  for the purpose of
calculating the average. If all three tests are discontinued without failure, the result shall be recorded as “no
failure in ”.
18.2.7 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name and type of product;c) the average time to failure, or a statement that failure did not occur in ;d) the type of failure, for example blistering, crazing;e) any deviation from the specified procedure;
f) the date of the test.40◦C±0,5◦C
40mm
2s
10min
10min
8mm±0,1mm
600s
600s
600sISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 5719 Formability
19.1 Method A
19.1.1 Principle
A test specimen is subjected to radiant heat on its decorative face until the reverse side reaches a
predetermined temperature. It is then formed in a jig to a specified radius and angle, and cooled beforeexamining for signs of failure on the bend line.
The test is carried out with specimens cut in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the sheet and with the
decorative face on both the outside and the inside of the bend.
This method is an alternative test method to be used when so designated by the national authority or by
agreement between supplier and purchaser.
19.1.2 Apparatus
19.1.2.1 Radiant heater , consisting of two electrically heated sheathed elements of  total rating,
mounted parallel and in a horizontal plane in a metal-lined trough approximately  wide and deep (inside dimensions), the height of the heating elements above the bottom of the trough being such that,when a specimen is laid across the trough, the specimen is at a distance of  above the heatingelements. A windscreen enclosure to surround three sides and the top is advisable.
19.1.2.2 Variable-output transformer , with a voltage indicator, to control the voltage applied to the heater.
19.1.2.3 Temperature indicators  (thermal crayons or waxes), with melting points covering the required range
of temperatures. Other types of temperature indicator with equal or better precision may also be used
(e.g. infra-red thermometers, colour-change indicators).
19.1.2.4 Stopwatch , or other suitable timer.
19.1.2.5 Forming apparatus  (see Figure 21), with forming blocks machined from straight-grained wood.
It is recommended that a fitting be placed on top of the male forming blocks which can be securely attached to
the ram of the press used in conjunction with these blocks.
19.1.2.6 Conditioning chamber , with a standard atmosphere of  and relative humidity of
.
19.1.2.7 Strips , of plain-colour white laminate conforming to the specifications for HGP given in ISO 4586-1,
measuring  and with the major axis in the machine direction of the fibrous sheet material from
which the laminate was made, to be used for calibration purposes.
19.1.3 Test specimens
The specimens shall have dimensions of approximately , shall be of the thickness of the
sheet under test and shall be sanded smooth at the long edges to remove hairline cracks.
Eight specimens shall be tested, four with their major axis in the machine direction of the fibrous sheet material
from which the laminate was made, and four at right angles to this direction.
The specimens shall be conditioned for at least  at  and  relative humidity before
testing.1500W
110mm 125mm
76mm ±1,0mm
23◦C±2◦C
(50±5)%
200mm ×50mm
200mm ×50mm
24h 23◦C±2◦C (50±5)%ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
58 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved19.1.4 Procedure
19.1.4.1 Calibration of test apparatus
Turn on the heater (19.1.2.1)  prior to conducting the test, with the variable transformer (19.1.2.2) at
full-line voltage.Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1r o d ,  Ø
2s p r i n g
3t u b e ,  Ø
4 pipe flange
5b a s e ,  
6s l o t
7 sheet metal guide
8  male forming block with the radius required for the type of laminate being tested
Figure21 —Forming apparatus (radiant heat test) (MethodA) (see 19.1.2.5)
25mm
38mm
19mm ×305mm ×560mm
90◦
30minISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 59Use a temperature indicator (19.1.2.3) with a melting point of  to make several marks about  long
near the centre of the non-decorative surface of several calibration strips (19.1.2.7).
Place a calibration strip on the heating trough so that the heat is applied to the decorative face. Adjust the input
voltage by means of the variable transformer so that the time taken to reach  is  per  ofcalibration strip thickness, accurate to within .
After three or more consecutive calibration strips reach  within the prescribed time , begin the test
and maintain and record the voltage setting.
19.1.4.2 Test procedure
Place the male forming block with radius as recommended by the laminate manufacturer, or as required by
ISO 4586-1, into the forming apparatus (19.1.2.5).
Measure the thickness of the sheet as specified in Clause 4 and record.Use a temperature indicator with a melting point as recommended by the laminate manufacturer to make
several marks about  long on the surface that will be the inside of the bend and near the centre of each
specimen.
Place a specimen on the heating trough so that the heat is applied to the side opposite the side marked with the
temperature indicator.
Remove the specimen when the temperature indicator is completely melted in the area to be formed, place the
specimen within  in the bending jig and carry out the forming test.
The closing time of the male forming block after the initial contact with the specimen shall be  to . Allow
the specimen to cool in the closed bending jig.
Remove and inspect the specimen after allowing it to cool for not less than . Failure to form satisfactorily
shall be defined by the presence of cracks, blisters or delamination.
Carry out the test to assess the formability in both the longitudinal and transverse directions of the sheet and
with the decorative face on both the inside and the outside of the bond, testing two specimens in each case.
19.1.5 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;b) the name and type of product;c) the thickness of the laminate;
d) the forming radius;
e) the direction of the major axis of the specimen;f) whether the decorative face is inside or outside the bend;g) any failure: defects, for example cracks and their extent, blisters, delamination or discolouration;
h) any deviation from the specified procedure;
i) the date of the test.163◦C 100mm
163◦C 1s 0,025mm
±2s
163◦C ±2s
100mm
5s
0,5s 1s
60sISO 4586-2:2004(E)
60 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved19.2 MethodB
19.2.1 Principle
A specimen from the sheet under test is subjected to infrared radiation until the heated face reaches a
predetermined temperature. It is then formed on a jig made of wood (for example premachined chipboard) to a
specified radius, allowed to cool and examined for signs of failure.
The test is repeated with specimens cut in each direction of the sheet and with the decorative face on both the
outside and the inside of the bend. The formability is assessed in terms of the success or failure of the formingprocess at the specified radius.
This method is an alternative test method which is close to industrial practice and allows for adjustment of all the
test variables in order to establish the optimum conditions for the forming of individual materials. It is possiblethat different laminates, even from the same manufacturer, may require different forming conditions. Theconditions shall be specified by the laminate manufacturer, and the requirements shall be considered to be
satisfied if the forming operation is successful under these conditions.
19.2.2 Apparatus
19.2.2.1 Radiant heater element
5), fitted with a reflector6), the distance and orientation relative to the test
specimen being adjustable (see Figure 22).
This heater unit is mounted on a hinged support allowing it to be quickly moved away to the rear.19.2.2.2 Forming jig , of wood, chipboard or other material having a similar thermal conductivity, the front of
which is rounded to a specified radius. The jig is easily replaceable, and it is possible to use a series of formingjigs machined to specified radii (for example , , , , ) (see Figure 22).
19.2.2.3 Clamping device , for the test sample (see Figure22).
19.2.2.4 L-shaped forming bar , with a handle (see Figure22).
19.2.2.5 Temperature indicators  (thermal crayons or waxes), with melting points covering the required range
of temperature. Other types of temperature indicator with equal or better precision may also be used(e.g. infra-red thermometers, colour-change indicators).
19.2.2.6 Stopwatch , or other suitable timer.
19.2.2.7 Thickness gauge  (ratchet-type micrometer) (see 4.2.1).
19.2.2.8 Conditioning chamber , with a standard atmosphere of  and relative humidity of
.
19.2.3 Test specimens
The specimens shall measure approximately  and be of the thickness of the sheet under test.
They shall be sanded smooth at the edges to remove any hairline cracks.
At least twelve specimens shall be prepared, six with their major axes in the machine direction of the fibrous
sheet material from which the laminate was made, and six at right angles to this direction.
5) For example, Elstein Type FSR 650 W- 220 V ( ).
6) For example, Elstein Type REO .
These are examples of suitable products available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of
this part of ISO4586 and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these products.245mm ×60mm
250mm8mm 9mm 10mm 11mm 12mm
23◦C±2◦C
(50±5)%
180mm ×90mmISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 61Dimensions in millimetres
a) Profile
b) Plan view B-B
Figure 22 —Forming apparatus (MethodB) (see 19.2.2)
ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
62 © ISO 2004 –All rights reservedDimensions in millimetres
c) Vertical section A-A
d) Details of L-shaped forming bar
Key
1 raising handle
2 reflector3 ceramic parabolic heater4 clamping device5 L-shaped forming bar, 6 slotted support bat (for blister test only)
7 heater element
8 specimen9f o r m i n g  j i g10 clamping device11 adjustable stops12 specified radius
13 stainless steel, thickness 
14 handle15 felt
Figure 22 —Forming apparatus (MethodB) (see 19.2.2)  (continued )
40mm ×40mm ×2,5mm
2,5mmISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 63The specimens shall be conditioned for  at  and  relative humidity before testing.
19.2.4 Procedure
19.2.4.1 General
Measure the thickness of the specimens as specified in Clause4.
Use the forming jig corresponding to the radius specified in ISO 4586-1.
Turn on the heater element at least  prior to starting the test.
19.2.4.2 Calibration of test apparatus
Clamp a specimen on the forming jig (19.2.2.2).
Using a  temperature indicator (19.2.2.5), make a mark on the upper face in the area to be formed.
Lower the heater element (19.2.2.1) over the specimen and start the timer (19.2.2.6) immediately. The time to
reach  shall be .
Move the heater element quickly to the rear.If the time to reach  is not , adjust the height of the heater element relative to the specimen
until the setting is found where the indicator melts in this time.
19.2.4.3 Test procedure
Clamp the specimen on the forming jig.
Make a mark on the upper face in the area to be formed, using a temperature indicator (19.2.2.5) in the
temperature range recommended by the laminate manufacturer.
Lower the heater element over the test sample, and start the timer immediately.
Observe the temperature indicator mark for signs of melting. When the mark melts completely, stop the timer,
and note the heating time required for the specimen to reach the forming temperature.
Move the heater element quickly to the rear.
Using the handle, immediately but smoothly lower the forming bar (19.2.2.4). The forming time shall not exceed
.
Keep the bar lowered for  to allow the formed specimen to cool in the forming apparatus.
Raise the bar and release and remove the formed specimen.Carry out the test on specimens cut in both the machine and the cross-machine directions, and with the
decorative face on both the inside and the outside of the bend, to obtain three results under the conditionsspecified.
If the dimensions of the equipment permit, several specimens can be formed side by side simultaneously.
Observe the formed specimens with the naked eye, corrected if necessary.
A material has failed if one or more of the twelve test specimens does not form to the prescribed minimum
forming radius or shows cracking, blistering, crazing or discolouration.24h 23◦C±2◦C (50±5)%
20min
163◦C
163◦C3 0 s ±5s
163◦C3 0 s ±5s
1s
1minISO 4586-2:2004(E)
64 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved19.2.5 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;
b) the name and type of product;
c) the thickness of the laminate;
d) the forming radius;
e) the direction of the major axis of the specimen;
f) whether the decorative face was inside or outside the bend;
g) any failure: defects, for example cracks and their extent, blisters, delamination or discolouration;
h) any deviation from the specified procedure;
i) the date of the test.
20 Resistance to blistering
20.1 MethodA
20.1.1 Principle
This test measures the ability of postforming-type high-pressure decorative laminate to resist blistering during
the forming process. This is a companion test to that described in 19.1.
This method is an alternative test method to be used when so designated by the national authority or by
agreement between supplier and purchaser.
20.1.2 Apparatus
The same as in 19.1.2 plus an additional timer.
20.1.3 Test specimens
The specimens shall measure approximately , shall be of the thickness of the sheet under
test and shall be cut from the right edge, centre and left edge of the sheet as manufactured.
Three specimens shall be tested, one from each of the sections of the sheet as stated.
The specimens shall be conditioned for at least  at  and  relative humidity before
testing.
20.1.4 Procedure
20.1.4.1 Calibration of test apparatus
Calibrate the apparatus as specified in 19.1.4.1.
20.1.4.2 Test procedure
Measure the thickness of the sheet as specified in Clause4 and record.200mm ×50mm
24h 23◦C±2◦C (50±5)%ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 65Use a temperature indicator (19.1.2.3) with a melting point as recommended by the laminate manufacturer to
make several marks about  long on the non-decorative surface and near the centre of the specimen.
Place the specimen on the heating trough (19.1.2.1) so that the heat is applied to the decorative side, and start
both timers immediately.
Observe the temperature indicator marks on the specimen for signs of melting. When the marks have melted
completely, stop the first timer. Allow the second timer to run until blistering occurs and then stop it. Blistering isdetected visually and/or audibly.
Record the melt and blister times in seconds.
20.1.5 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;
b) the name and type of product;
c) the thickness of the sheet;d) the melting point of the temperature indicator used;e) the average time to reach this temperature (first timer), ;
f) the average time to blistering (second timer), ;
g) the average time from the melting point of the temperature indicator to blistering, ;h) any deviation from the specified procedure;
i) the date of the test.
20.2 Method B
20.2.1 Principle
This test measures the ability of postforming-type high-pressure decorative laminate to resist blistering. This is
a companion test to that described in 19.2.
This method is an alternative test method to be used when so designated by the national authority or by
agreement between interested parties.
20.2.2 Apparatus
The same as in 19.2.2 plus an additional timer.
20.2.3 Test specimens
Specimens shall be approximately  and of the thickness of the sheet under test.
Three specimens shall be tested.
The specimens shall be conditioned for  at  and  relative humidity before testing.100mm
t1
t2
t2−t1
180mm ×90mm
24h 23◦C±2◦C (50±5)%ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
66 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved20.2.4 Procedure
20.2.4.1 General
Any forming jig radius can be used.
20.2.4.2 Calibration of test apparatus
Calibrate the apparatus as specified in 19.2.4.2.
20.2.4.3 Test procedure
Measure and record the thickness of the sheet as specified in Clause 4.
Clamp a specimen on the forming jig (19.2.2.2), decorative face up. Raise the slotted support bar (see
Figure23) to support the free end of the specimen and prevent it from warping during the test.
Make a mark on the upper face in the bending area using a temperature indicator (19.2.2.5) corresponding to
the forming temperature recommended by the laminate manufacturer.
Lower the heater element (19.2.2.1) over the specimen and start the two timers immediately.
Observe the temperature indicator mark for signs of melting. When the mark melts completely, stop the first
timer. Allow the second timer to run until blistering occurs and stop it immediately. Blistering is detected visually
and/or audibly.
Move the heater element to the rear.
Record the melt and blister times in seconds.
20.2.5 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;
b) the name and type of product;
c) the thickness of the sheet;
d) the melting point of the temperature indicator used;e) the average time to reach this temperature (first timer), ;
f) the average time to blistering (second timer), ;
g) the average time from the melting point of the temperature indicator to blistering, ;
h) any deviation from the specified procedure;
i) the date of the test.t1
t2
t2−t1ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 67Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1c l a m p i n g
device
2 adjustable
stops
3 heater
element
with
reflector
4s p e c i m e n
5 slotted
support
bar
6 jig
Figure 23 —Blister apparatus (MethodB) (see 20.2.4.3)
ISO 4586-2:2004(E)
68 © ISO 2004 –All rights reserved21 Resistance to crazing of compact laminates
21.1 Principle
A specimen from the sheet under test is exposed to dry heat at  for  and resistance to crazing is
assessed by visual examination after cooling.
21.2 Apparatus
21.2.1 Specimen holder , to hold specimens vertically during the test and prevent contact with other
specimens or the oven.
21.2.2 Electrically heated oven , provided with air circulation and capable of being maintained at
.
21.2.3 Hand lens , with approximately  magnification.
21.2.4 Lighting , of intensity  to .
21.2.5 Conditioning chamber , with a standard atmosphere of  and relative humidity of
.
21.3 Test specimens
The specimens shall be  square and of the thickness of the sheet under test and shall besanded smooth at the edges to remove any hairline cracks.
Two specimens shall be used and shall be conditioned for at least  at  and  relative
humidity before testing.
21.4 Procedure
Place the specimens in the holder (21.2.1) and then place the holder in the oven (21.2.2), maintained at
, and leave for .
At the end of , remove the holder and specimens and allow to cool for  at ambient temperature.
After the cooling period, examine the surfaces and edges with the naked eye, corrected if necessary, and under
 magnification using the hand lens (21.2.3) to determine the presence and extent of any cracking. The light
intensity during the examination shall be  to .
21.5 Expression of results
The result of the examination shall be expressed in accordance with the following rating scale:
Rating5:  Decorative surfaces and edges unchanged from “as received ” condition; no hairline cracks
Rating4: Hairline cracks irregularly distributed across the surface and/or edges, on the surface, only visible
under  magnification
Rating3: Surface cracks visible to the naked eye and/or moderate edge crackingRating2: A gaping crack which may extend right across the specimen and/or severe edge crackingRating1: Specimen broken into separate parts80◦C2 0 h
80◦C±2◦C
×6
800lx 1000lx
23◦C±2◦C
(50±5)%
250mm ±2mm
72h 23◦C±2◦C (50±5)%
80◦C±2◦C2 0 h ±1h
20h±1h 3h
×6
800lx 1000lx
×6ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 6921.6 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;
b) the name and type of product;
c) the lower result of the tests on the two specimens, expressed in accordance with the rating scale given in
21.5;
d) any deviation from the specified procedure;
e) the date of the test.
22 Resistance to moisture of double-faced compact laminates
22.1 Principle
Specimens taken from the sheet under test are totally immersed in water at  for , and assessed by
visual examination after cooling.
22.2 Apparatus
22.2.1 Water bath , capable of being maintained at .
22.2.2 Specimen holder , to prevent specimens from touching one another during immersion.
22.2.3 Vessel , containing distilled water at .
22.3 Test specimens
The specimens shall be  square and be of the thickness of the sheet under test. The cut edges
shall be smooth and free from cracks.
Three specimens shall be used.
22.4 Procedure
Place the specimens in the specimen holder (22.2.2) and place the specimen holder in the water bath (22.2.1)
so that all specimens are totally immersed in water at .
After , remove the specimens from the water bath and immerse for  in the vessel (22.2.3)
containing distilled water at .
Remove the specimens from the water and use a clean dry cloth or filter paper to remove all surface water.
Examine each specimen visually with the naked eye, corrected if necessary, for any change in appearance,
blistering or delamination.
22.5 Expression of results
Express the change in appearance of the specimens in accordance with the following rating scale:
Rating 5: No visible change
Rating 4: Slight change of gloss/colour, or slight edge swell, or hairline edge cracks
Rating 3: Moderate change of gloss/colour, or moderate edge swell, or slight edge cracks65◦C4 8 h
65◦C±2◦C
23◦C±2◦C
150mm ±1mm
65◦C±2◦C
48h 15min ±5min
23◦C±2◦CISO 4586-2:2004(E)
70 © ISO 2004 –All rights reservedRating2: Marked change of gloss/colour, and/or severe edge swell, or edge cracks
Rating1: Blistering and/or delamination
22.6 Test report
The test report shall contain the following information:a) a reference to this part of ISO 4586;
b) the name and type of product;c) the lowest rating obtained with the three specimens;d) any deviation from the specified procedure;e) the date of the test.ISO4586-2:2004(E)
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved 71Bibliography
[1] ISO 62:1999, Plastics— Determination of water absorptionISO 4586-2:2004(E)
ICS 83.140.20
Price based on 71 pages
© ISO 2004 –All rights reserved