EN    EN EN  
EN    EN  COMMISSION OF THE E UROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
Brussels, 23.5.2008 
COM(2008) 316 final 
2008/0100 (COD)   
Proposal for a 
REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL 
concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles 
{SEC(2008) 1908} 
{SEC(2008) 1909} 
(presented by the Commission)  
EN 2   EN EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM  
1. C ONTEXT OF THE PROPOSAL  
• Grounds for and objectives of the proposal  
The objective of the proposal is to lay down harmonised rules on the construction of 
motor vehicles with a view to ensuring the functioning of the internal market while at the same time providing for a high level of  safety and environmental protection. 
The proposal aims at enhancing the safety  of vehicles by re quiring the mandatory 
fitting of some advanced safety features. The proposal also aims at enhancing the 
environmental performance of vehicles by  reducing the amount of road noise and 
vehicle CO
2 emissions from tyres. 
Finally, the proposal contributes to the co mpetitiveness of the automotive industry by 
simplifying the existing vehicle safety type-approval legislation, improving 
transparency and easing administrative burden.  
• General context  
The technical requirements for the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to 
numerous safety and environmental elemen ts have been harmonised at Community 
level in order to avoid requirements that di ffer from one Member State to another, and 
to ensure a high level of road safety and environmental protection throughout the 
Community. 
New technologies are now available which can  dramatically improve vehicle safety 
(such as Electronic Stability Control Systems) or reduce CO 2 emissions (such as low 
rolling-resistance tyres). Research has i ndicated that there would be significant 
benefits if such technologies were intr oduced as standard on new vehicles. Setting 
common mandatory requirements would also  prevent the fragmentation of the 
internal market which could result from  varying product standards emerging across 
Member States. 
The Commission in its Co mmunication on “A Competitive Automotive Regulatory 
Framework for the 21st Century”1 welcomed the recommendation from the CARS 21 
report2 to simplify the current whole vehicl e type-approval regul atory framework. 
Following this recommendation, the proposal  significantly simplifies the type-
approval legislation by replacing 50 base  Directives (and around 100 related 
amending Directives) in the field of motor vehicle safety and tyres with one Council 
and Parliament Regulation.     
                                                 
1 COM(2007) 22.  
2 CARS 21 , A Competitive Automotive Regulatory System for the 21st century: ISBN 92-79-00762-9.   
EN 3   EN • Existing provisions in the area of the proposal  
Council Directive 70/221/EEC , Council Directive 70/ 222/EEC, Council Directive 
70/311/EEC, Council Directive 70/387/EEC, Council Directive 70/388/EEC, Council 
Directive 71/320/EEC, Council Directive 72/245/EEC, Coun cil Directive 74/60/EEC, 
Council Directive 74/61/EEC, Council Dire ctive 74/297/EEC, C ouncil Directive 
74/408/EEC, Council Directive 74/483/EEC, Council Directive 75/443/EEC, Council 
Directive 76/114/EEC, Council Direc tive 76/115/EEC, Council Directive 
76/756/EEC, Council Directive 76/757/EEC, Council Directive 76/758/EEC, Council 
Directive 76/759/EEC, Council Direc tive 76/760/EEC, Council Directive 
76/761/EEC, Council Directive 76/762/EEC, Council Directive 77/389/EEC, Council 
Directive 77/538/EEC, Council Direc tive 77/539/EEC, Council Directive 
77/540/EEC, Council Directive 77/541/EEC, Council Directive 77/649/EEC, Council 
Directive 78/316/EEC, Council Direc tive 78/317/EEC, Council Directive 
78/318/EEC, Council Directive 78/549/EEC, Council Directive 78/932/EEC, Council 
Directive 89/297/EEC, Council Directive 91/226/EEC, Coun cil Directive 92/21/EEC, 
Council Directive 92/22/EEC, Council Dire ctive 92/23/EEC, Council Directive 
92/24/EEC, Council Directive 92/114/EEC, European Parliament and Council 
Directive 94/20/EC, European Parliament and Council Directive 95/28/EC, European 
Parliament and Council Directive 96/79/EC , European Parliament and Council 
Directive 96/27/EC, European Parliament and Council Directive 97/27/EC, European 
Parliament and Council Directive 98/91/EC , European Parliament and Council 
Directive 2000/40/EC, European Parlia ment and Council Directive 2001/56/EC, 
European Parliament and Council Directiv e 2001/85/EC, European Parliament and 
Council Directive 2003/97/EC. 
The proposal and its implementing measures will carry over the existing requirements 
laid down in the above acts. Compared to  the existing acts, the proposal lays down 
new requirements on some advanced safety  measures, namely Electronic Stability 
Control Systems, Tyre Pressure Monitori ng Systems, Advanced Emergency Braking 
Systems and Lane Departure Warning System s. In addition, the proposal makes the 
requirements on rolling noise for tyres more stringent and introduces new requirements on tyres with respect to their wet grip and rolling resistance. 
• Consistency with the other policies and objectives of the Union  
The proposal is consistent w ith the EC objective to make roads safer as outlined, in 
particular, in the White Pape r on European Transport Policy
3, which was adopted by 
the Commission in 2001 and provides an um brella for the European Road Safety 
Action Programme. 
Furthermore, as far as the environmental aspects of the proposal are concerned, the 
proposal implements two of the measures identified in the strategy to reduce CO2 
emissions form cars outlined in the Commission's Communi cation on the “Results of 
the review of the Community Strategy to reduce CO2 emissions from passenger cars 
and light-commercial vehicles”4. 
                                                 
3 COM(2001) 370. 
4 COM(2007) 19.  
EN 4   EN Finally, the proposal is consistent with th e EC strategy for the simplification of the 
regulatory environment as announced in the Commission' s Communication on 
“Updating and simplifying the Community acquis”5 which identifies the type-
approval system for motor vehicles as a priority area for simplification of Community legislation. 
2. C ONSULTATION OF INTERESTED PARTIES AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT  
• Consultation of interested parties 
Consultation methods, main secto rs targeted and general profile of 
respondents  
In developing the proposal  the Commission has consu lted stakeholders in a 
number of ways: 
• There was a general internet consu ltation, covering all aspects of the 
proposal. 
• With regard to the proposals on Advanced Emergency Braking Systems, a 
project was carried out to examine the potential costs and benefits arising 
from the equipment of vehi cles of various classes w ith such systems. This 
project was carried out in co-operati on with an industry stakeholder group. 
• With regard to the requirements cove ring tyres, there have been a number 
of meetings with tyre manufacturer s' organisations, research groups and 
environmental interest groups, with the aim of achieving a balanced and 
feasible set of requirements. 
Summary of responses and how th ey have been taken into account  
During the internet consultation, a number of  issues were raised by stakeholders. The 
impact assessment that accompanies this pr oposal provides a full account of the 
substantive issues raised a nd discusses how they have been taken into consideration. 
An open consultation was conducted over the internet from 23/08/2007 to 
18/10/2007. The Commission received 81 re sponses. The results  are available on 
http://ec.europa.eu/enterp rise/automotive/pagesbackgr ound/safety/consultation/summ
ary.htm. 
• Collection and use of expertise 
Scientific/expertise domains concerned  
The proposal required the assessment of different policy options as well as the 
associated economic, societal and environmental impacts. 
                                                                                                                                                         
5 COM(2003) 71.  
EN 5   EN Methodology used  
Studies on the feasibility of reducing tyre rolling noise and on the outline costs and 
benefits of Advanced Emergency Braking Systems were conducted specifically to 
support the development of th e relevant aspects of this  Regulation. In addition, use 
was made of existing studies on CO 2 reduction (by TNO) and road casualty reduction 
(by COWI) in order to quantify the bene fits likely to arise from the proposed 
measures.  
In the case of the study on tyre noise, the following work was carried out by the 
consultant:  
• Review of relevant literature to identify social and environmental impacts of 
tyre/road noise. 
• Gathering and evaluation of noi se test data on existing ty res of various categories. 
• Assessment of the feasibility of reducing tyre noise limits, including the potential 
impact on other tyre design parameters. 
• Assessment of likely overall noise reductio ns arising from the proposed measures, 
using suitable computer modelling techniques. 
• Liaison with various stakeholders. 
In the case of the study on Advanced Emergency Braking Systems, the following 
work was carried out by the consultant:  
• Assessment of current accident scenarios li kely to be avoided or mitigated using 
this technology. 
• Assessment of current and future system capabilities. 
• Assessment of 'economic co st per vehicle' of installing such systems. 
• Liaison with various stakeholders. 
Main organisations/experts consulted  
The Tyre noise study was carried out by FE HRL (Federation of European Highway 
Research). The Advanced Emergency Brak ing System study was carried out by TRL 
(Transport research laboratory) Ltd. 
The tyre noise limit values proposed in the Annex to th is Regulation are based on 
recommendations by FEHRL. The TRL work  supported the case for prioritisation of 
Advanced Emergency Braking Systems for heavy-duty vehicles. The impact 
assessment makes reference to other resear ch studies which were also used to 
evaluate various policy options. In all ca ses, the preferred po licy option has been 
selected on the basis of a cost-benefit analysis, as explained in the impact assessment accompanying the proposal.  
EN 6   EN Means used to make the exper t advice publicly available  
All completed and approved research reports  are or will be available on the DG 
Enterprise and Industry web site.  
• Impact assessment  
For each of the main aspects of the proposal, different options were considered: 
1. Simplification aspects  
a) Do nothing. This would mean that  the existing 50 Directive would be 
maintained with additional amendments  when necessary. The EC Directives 
would continue to operate in paralle l with the existing UNECE Regulations 
with the technical requirements usually (but not always) being equivalent. This 
is currently the cause of much confusi on for stakeholders who are not closely 
involved with the type-approval system, and leads to a situation of a regulatory 
system that is less than fully transparent.  
b) Do nothing as part of the current exer cise, but review each Directive as and 
when it is due to be modified, and deci de whether replacement is appropriate. 
This option would effectively contribute to  the simplification of the regulatory 
environment. However, the simplificat ion exercise would take place over a 
number of years. 
c) Replace all existing Directives thro ugh the proposed Regulation. This is the 
retained option since it woul d maximise the advantages of simplification at the 
benefit, in particular, of na tional authorities and industry. 
2. Advanced safety technologies  
a) Do nothing and allow the market to take the initiative. Features such as 
Electronic Stability Control Systems ar e already appearing on an increasing 
number of cars in some markets. Howeve r, on vehicles such as heavy trucks 
and tourist coaches, where the benefit of  Electronic Stability Control Systems 
may be even greater than for cars, there is often not the market incentive to fit 
Electronic Stability Control Systems vol untarily, since, unlike the case with 
cars, the purchasers are not normally the beneficiaries. Moreover, without 
harmonised standards, there is the risk  that diverging standards are applied 
across the EU with a resulting fragme ntation of the internal market. 
b) Establish technical standards for adva nced safety technolog ies (where fitted) 
and allow manufacturers to fit them  optionally. Though this would prevent 
emerging varying standards across the EU, as stated above, this option will not ensure that advanced safety feat ures are fitted in all vehicles. 
c) Establish technical stan dards and mandatory fitting requirements. This option 
will ensure that the full potential of advanced safety features is exploited. Since there is a positive cost-benefit case for these systems, it appears that the mandatory option is justified.  
EN 7   EN 3. Requirements on tyres  
Concerning tyres, the proposal introduces new requirements on th e following aspects: 
Rolling Noise limit values, Rolling Resistance limit values, Wet Grip and Tyre Pressure Monitoring System. 
For each of the above issues, the following opt ions were generally considered: a) do 
nothing; b) voluntary/market solution; c) mandatory solution with lower technical 
difficulty; d) mandatory solution with higher technical difficulty. 
Option d) was selected for all of the issu es. In the case of Rolling Resistance, Wet 
Grip and Tyre Pressure Monitoring System s, research and product development are 
already at a quite advanced stage so that implementing the more stringent technical requirement in a relatively short timetable is considered to be feasible. Concerning Tyre Pressure Monitoring System, in particular, setting a higher standard would maximise the safety benefits, and ensure the maximum likelihood of reaching the CO
2 
reduction targets. Concerning Rolling Noise, option d) has also been retained because this is the only one that would ensure the fulfilment of the environmental objectives 
of the proposal. However, since the require ments on noise are more challenging than 
the other requirements, a longer impl ementation period has been foreseen. 
The Commission carried out an impact a ssessment listed in the Work Programme, 
whose report is accessible on http://ec.europa.eu/enterp rise/automotive/pagesbackgr ound/pedestrianprotection/inde
x.htm . 
As far as further industry studi es could not be concluded be fore the finalisation of the 
proposal, the Commission is r eady to thoroughly assess the re sults of such additional 
studies during the legislative process and, if need  be, to suggest or support adaptations 
necessary to avoid any negative impact on safety of tyres. 
3. L EGAL ELEMENTS OF THE PROPOSAL  
• Summary of the proposed action  
The proposal significantly simplifies the mo tor vehicle type-approval system with 
respect to the requirement s on safety and tyres by repealing 50 Directives. 
The proposal introduces new mandatory requir ements on advanced safety features. In 
particular, the proposal requi res mandatory fitting of:  
• Electronic Stability Control Systems on all vehicles; 
• Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems on passenger cars; 
• Advanced Emergency Braking Systems a nd Lane Departure Warning Systems on 
heavy-duty vehicles. 
The proposal also foresees that, in case of voluntary fitting of Advanced Emergency 
Braking Systems and Lane Departure Wa rning Systems on other categories of  
EN 8   EN vehicles, these systems shall fulfil the requirements laid down in the proposal. 
The proposal sets more stringent noise emi ssion limit values for tyres than those set 
out in existing legislation and introduces new requireme nts on wet grip and rolling 
resistance. 
• Legal basis  
The legal basis of the proposal  is Article 95 of the Treaty. 
• Subsidiarity principle  
The subsidiarity principle applies inso far as the proposal does not fall under the 
exclusive competence of the Community. 
The objectives of the proposal cannot be su fficiently achieved by the Member States 
for the following reasons. 
The technical requirements for the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to 
numerous safety and environmental elemen ts have been harmonised at Community 
level and action by Member States alone would undermine the whole vehicle type-
approval system. European Union action is n ecessary because of the need to avoid the 
emergence of barriers to the single market. 
Community action will better ach ieve the objectives of the proposal because it will 
avoid fragmentation of the internal market which woul d otherwise arise and will 
enhance the safety and environm ental performance of vehicles. 
The proposal therefore complies with  the subsidiarity principle. 
• Proportionality principle  
The proposal complies with the proportiona lity principle for the following reasons. 
As showed in the impact assessment, the proposal complies with the proportionality 
principle because it does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve the 
objectives of ensuring the proper functioning of  the internal market while at the same 
time providing for a high level of public  safety and environmental protection. 
The simplification of the regulatory envir onment will significantly contribute to the 
reduction of administrative costs fo r national authorities and industry. 
• Choice of instruments  
Proposed instruments: regulation. 
Other means would not be adequate for the following reasons. The use of a Regulation is considered to be appropriate in providing the required 
assurance for compliance whilst not requiring the transposition into Member States 
legislation.  
EN 9   EN The proposal uses the “split-lev el approach” that has original ly been introduced at the 
request of the European Parliament and us ed in other pieces of legislation. This 
approach foresees that the proposal a nd adoption of legislation will be made 
according to two different, but parallel, routes:   
• first, the fundamental provisions will be laid down by the European Parliament and 
the Council in a Regulation based on Article  95 of the EC Tr eaty through the co-
decision procedure (the 'co-decision proposal'); 
• secondly, the techni cal specifications implementi ng the fundamental provisions 
will be laid down in Regulations adopted  by the Commission in accordance with 
the regulatory procedure with scrutiny pr ovided for in Article 5a of Decision 
1999/468/EC (the 'comitology proposals'). 
4. B
UDGETARY IMPLICATION  
The proposal has no implication for the Community budget. 
5. A DDITIONAL INFORMATION  
• Simulation, pilot phase and transitory period  
There are general transitory periods in the proposal in order to allow sufficient lead 
times for vehicle and tyre manufacturers. 
• Simplification  
The proposal provides for simplification of legislation. 
50 Directives on the type-approval of  vehicles will be repealed. 
The proposal provides for simplification of administrative procedures for public 
authorities. The proposal is included in the Commission's rolling programme for up-
date and simplification of the acquis co mmunautaire and its Legislative Work 
Programme under the reference 2008/ENTR/004. 
• Repeal of existing legislation  
The adoption of the proposal will lead to the repeal of existing legislation. 
• European Economic Area  
The proposed act concerns an EEA matter and should therefore extend to the 
European Economic Area.  
EN 10   EN 2008/0100 (COD) 
Proposal for a 
REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL 
concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles 
(Text with EEA relevance) 
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE CO UNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, 
Having regard to the Treaty esta blishing the European Communit y, and in particular Article 
95 thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission6, 
Having regard to the opinion of the Eu ropean Economic and Social Committee7, 
Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty8, 
Whereas: (1) The internal market comprises an area w ithout internal frontiers in which the free 
movement of goods, persons, services and ca pital must be ensured. To that end a 
comprehensive Community type-approval syst em for motor vehicles, established by 
Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Par liament and of the Council of 5 September 
2007 on establishing a framework for the approv al of motor vehicles  and their trailers, 
and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles 
("Framework Directive")
9, is in place.  
(2) This Regulation is a new separate Regula tion in the context of the Community type-
approval procedure under Direct ive 2007/46/EC. Therefore, A nnexes IV, VI and XI to 
that Directive should be amended accordingly. 
(3) The technical requirements for the type-appr oval of motor vehicl es with regard to 
numerous safety and environmental elemen ts have been harmonised at Community 
level in order to avoid requi rements that differ from one Me mber State to another, and 
to ensure a high level of road safety and environmental protection throughout the 
Community. 
(4) It is appropriate to set out requirements on both the general safety of motor vehicles 
and the environmental performance of tyres, due to the availability of Tyre Pressure 
                                                 
6 OJ C , , p. . 
7 OJ C , , p. . 
8 OJ C […], […], p.[…]. 
9 OJ L 263, 9.10.2007, p. 1.  
EN 11   EN Monitoring Systems which enhance at the same time the safety and environmental 
performance of tyres. 
(5) Following the request of the European Parl iament, a new regulatory approach has been 
introduced in the Community vehicle legisla tion. This Regulation should therefore lay 
down only fundamental provisions  on vehicle safety and CO 2 and noise emissions 
from tyres whereas the technical specifica tions should be laid down by implementing 
measures adopted in accordance with C ouncil Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 
laying down the procedures for the exercise  of implementing powers conferred on the 
Commission10. 
(6) In particular the Comm ission should be empowered to establish the specific 
procedures, tests and requirements for the type-approval of  motor vehicles, 
components and separate technical units . In addition, the Co mmission should be 
empowered to define more precisely the charact eristics a tyre must fulfil to be defined 
as “Off-road professional ty re”. The Commission should also  be empowered to define 
the precise scope of applica tion of the requirements set out in this Regulation. In 
addition, the Commission should be empowered to set out additional safety requirements for vehicles intended for the tr ansport of dangerous goods by road within 
or between Member States. Furthermore, subj ect to technical and economic feasibility, 
the Commission should be empowered to ex tend mandatory installation of Tyre 
Pressure Monitoring Systems and other advanced  safety features to other categories of 
vehicles than those initially covered. Th e Commission should also be empowered to 
establish specific procedures, tests and tech nical requirements for the type-approval of 
advanced vehicle systems other than those mentioned in this Regulation and to amend 
the limit values on rolling resistance and rol ling noise for tyres as a result of changes 
in the test procedures, without lowering the existing ambition level with regard to the environment. Since those measures are of a general scope and are designed to amend this Regulation by supplementing it with new non-essential elemen ts, they must be 
adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny provided for in 
Article 5a of Decision 1999/468/EC.  
(7) Technical progress in the area of adva nced vehicle safety systems offers new 
possibilities for casualty reduction. In orde r to maximise the number of casualties 
saved it is necessary to foresee the in troduction of some of these technologies. 
(8) In order to simplify the type-approval legi slation in line with the recommendations of 
the Report CARS 21:  A Competitive Automotive Regulatory System for the 21st 
century
11, it is appropriate to repeal several Directives without reducing the level of 
protection of road users. The requirements set out in those Directives should be carried 
over to this Regulation and should be replac ed, where appropriate, with references to 
the corresponding regulations of the Un ited Nations Econom ic Commission for 
Europe (UNECE), as incorporated into Community law in accordance with Article 4 
of Council Decision 97/836/EC  of 27 November 1997 with a view to accession by the 
European Community to the Agreement of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe concerning the adoption of unifo rm technical prescriptions for wheeled 
                                                
 
10 OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23 Decision as amended by Decision 2006/512/EC (OJ L 200, 22.7.2006, 
p. 11). 
11 ISBN 92-79-00762-9.  
EN 12   EN vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted to and/or used on wheeled vehicles 
and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of approvals granted on the basis of these 
prescriptions12. 
(9) It is appropriate to establish the principle that vehicles must be designed, constructed 
and assembled so as to minimise the risk of injury to the vehi cle occupants and to 
other road users. For this purpose, it is necessary that manufacturers ensure that vehicles comply with the relevant requi rements set out in this Regulation. These 
provisions should include, but not be lim ited to, requirements relating to vehicle 
structural integrity, systems to aid the driv er's control of the vehicle, systems to 
provide the driver with visi bility and information on the state of the vehicle and the 
surrounding area, vehicle lighting systems, vehicle occupant protection systems, the 
vehicle exterior and accessories, vehicl e masses and dimensions, vehicle tyres, 
advanced vehicle systems and miscellaneous items. In addition, it is necessary that 
vehicles comply with specific provisions relating to certain goods vehicles and their 
trailers, or specific provisions re lating to buses, as the case may be. 
(10) The timetable for the introduction of sp ecific new requirements for the type-approval 
of vehicles should take into account the tech nical feasibility of those requirements. In 
general, the requirements should initially appl y only to new types of vehicle. Existing 
types of vehicle should be allowed an additional time period to comply with the requirements. Furthermore, mandatory in stallation of Tyre Pressure Monitoring 
Systems should initially apply only to passe nger cars. Mandatory installation of other 
advanced safety features should initia lly apply only to heavy goods vehicles. 
(11) Where advanced safety features are vol untarily installed by th e manufacturer of the 
vehicle, it is necessary that those features comply with the relevant requirements set 
out in this Regulation. 
(12) It is appropriate to implement the meas ures announced in the Communication from the 
Commission to the Council and the European Pa rliament “Results of the review of the 
Community Strategy to reduce CO
2 emissions from passenger cars and light-
commercial vehicles”13 aimed at reducing CO 2 emissions from tyres. This reduction 
should be achieved through a combination of low rolling resistance tyres and the use of Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems. At the same time, it is also appropriate to set out requirements aimed at reducing tyre-road no ise and ensuring that tyre safety levels 
are maintained through the introduction of wet grip require ments. The related 
implementation timetable should reflect the de gree of challenge in meeting all of those 
requirements. In particular, due to the cha llenge in meeting the requirements on rolling 
noise and taking into account the time need ed by industry for replacing existing lines 
of tyres, it is appropriate to provide fo r a longer period for implementation of rolling 
noise requirements with regard to new tyres of existing types. 
(13) Some categories of  tyres, including professional off -road tyres which are subject to a 
speed restriction and tyres intended only for vehicles registered before 1990, are likely 
to be produced in very small quantities. Ther efore, it is appropriate  to exempt tyres in 
such categories from certain requirements set out in this Regulation, where such 
                                                
 
12 OJ L 346, 17.12.1997, p. 78. 
13 COM(2007) 19.  
EN 13   EN requirements are incompatible with the use of  the tyres, or where the additional burden 
caused by these requirements is disproportionate. 
(14) Electronic Stability C ontrol Systems, Advanced Emergency Braking Systems and 
Lane Departure Warning Systems have a high potential to produce considerable 
casualty reductions. Therefore requirements  for such systems should be established. 
(15) It is important that replacement com ponents for systems which are covered by this 
Regulation are subject to e quivalent safety requirement s and approval procedures. 
Therefore it is appropriate to provide fo r the approval of replacement components and 
separate technical units. 
(16) The Member States should lay down rules on penalties applicable to infringements of 
the provisions of this Regulation and en sure that they are implemented. Those 
penalties should be effective,  proportionate and dissuasive. 
(17) With effect from the dates of app lication to new vehicl es, new components and 
separate technical units of the relevant requirements set out in this Regulation, the 
following Council Directives should be repealed: 
– Council Directive 70/221/EEC  of 20 March 1970 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to fuel tanks and rear underrun protection 
of motor vehicles and their trailers14,  
– Council Directive 70/222/EEC  of 20 March 1970 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to  the space for mounting and the fixing of 
rear registration plates on mo tor vehicles and their trailers15,  
– Council Directive 70/311/ EEC of 8 June 1970 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to the steering equipment for motor vehicles and their trailers
16,  
– Council Directive 70/387/EEC  of 27 July 1970 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to  the doors of motor vehicles and their 
trailers17,  
– Council Directive 70/388/EEC  of 27 July 1970 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to audible warning devices for motor 
vehicles18,  
– Council Directive 71/320/EEC  of 26 July 1971 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to the braking devices of  certain categories 
of motor vehicles and of their trailers19,  
                                                 
14 OJ L 76, 6.4.1970, p. 23. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC (L 363, 20.12.2006, 
p. 81). 
15 OJ L 76, 6.4.1970, p. 25 . Directive as amended by 1972 Act of Accession. 
16 OJ L 133, 18.6.1970, p. 10. Directive as last amended by Commission Directive 1999/7/EC (OJ L 40, 
13.2.1999, p. 36). 
17 OJ L 176, 10.8.1970, p. 5. Directive as last amended by Commission Directive 2001/31/EC (OJ L 130, 
12.5.2001, p. 33). 
18 OJ L 176, 10.8.1970, p. 12. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC.  
EN 14   EN – Council Directive 72/245/EEC of 20 June 1972 relating to the radio 
interference (electromagnetic compatibility) of vehicles20,  
– Council Directive 74/60/EEC of 17 December 1973 on the approximation of 
the laws of the Member States relating to the interior fittings of motor vehicles
21,  
– Council Directive 74/61/EEC of 17 December 1973 on the approximation of 
the laws of the Member States relating to devices to prevent the unauthorized 
use of motor vehicles22,  
– Council Directive 74/297/ EEC of 4 June 1974 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to the interior fittings of motor vehicles (the 
behaviour of the steering mechanis m in the event of an impact)23,  
– Council Directive 74/408/EEC of 22 July 1974 relating to motor vehicles with 
regard to the seats, their an chorages and head restraints24,  
– Council Directive 74/483/EEC of 17 September 1974 on the approximation of 
the laws of the Member States relating to the external projections of motor 
vehicles25,  
– Council Directive 75/443/EEC  of 26 June 1975 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to  the reverse and speedometer equipment 
of motor vehicles26,  
– Council Directive 76/114/EEC of 18 December 1975 on the approximation of 
the laws of the Member States relating to  statutory plates and inscriptions for 
motor vehicles and their trailers, and their location and method of attachment27,  
– Council Directive 76/115/EEC of 18 December 1975 on the approximation of 
the laws of the Member States relating to anchorages for motor-vehicle safety 
belts28,  
– Council Directive 76/756/EEC  of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices on motor vehicles and their trailers
29,  
                                                                                                                                                         
19 OJ L 202, 6.9.1971, p. 37. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
20 OJ L 152, 6.7.1972, p. 15. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
21 OJ L 38, 11.2.1974, p. 2. Directive as last amende d by Directive 2000/4/EC of  the European Parliament 
and of the Council (OJ L 87, 8.4.2000, p. 22). 
22 OJ L 38, 11.2.1974, p. 22. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
23 OJ L 165, 20.6.1974, p. 16. Directive as amended by Commission Directive 91/662/EEC (OJ L 366, 
31.12.1991, p. 1). 
24 OJ L 221, 12.8.1974, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
25 OJ L 266, 2.10.1974, p. 4. Directive as last amended by Commission Directive 2007/15/EC (OJ L 75, 
15.3.2007, p. 21). 
26 OJ L 196, 26.7.1975, p. 1. Directive as amended by Commission Directive 97/39/EC (OJ L 177, 
5.7.1997, p. 15). 
27 OJ L 24, 30.1.1976, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
28 OJ L 24, 30.1.1976, p. 6. Directive as last amended by Directive 2005/41/EC of the European 
Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 255, 30.9.2005, p. 149).  
EN 15   EN – Council Directive 76/757/EEC  of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to retro-reflectors for motor vehicles and 
their trailers30,  
– Council Directive 76/758/EEC  of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to  the end-outline marker lamps, front 
position (side) lamps, rear position (side) lamps, stop lamps, daytime running lamps and side marker lamps for motor vehicles and their trailers
31,  
– Council Directive 76/759/EEC  of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to direction indicator lamps for motor vehicles and their trailers
32,  
– Council Directive 76/760/EEC  of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to the rear registration plate lamps for motor vehicles and their trailers
33,  
– Council Directive 76/761/EEC  of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to  motor vehicle headlamps which function 
as main-beam and/or dipped-beam head lamps and to light sources (filament 
lamps and others) for use in approved lamp  units of motor vehicles and of their 
trailers34,  
– Council Directive 76/762/EEC  of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to front fog lamps for motor vehicles35,  
– Council Directive 77/389/ EEC of 17 May 1977 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to motor-vehicle towing-devices36,  
– Council Directive 77/538/EEC  of 28 June 1977 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to rear fog lamps for motor vehicles and 
their trailers37,  
– Council Directive 77/539/EEC  of 28 June 1977 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to reversing lamps for motor vehicles and 
their trailers38,  
– Council Directive 77/540/EEC  of 28 June 1977 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to parking lamps for motor vehicles39,  
                                                                                                                                                         
29 OJ L 262, 27.9.1976, p. 1. Directive as last amended by  Commission Directive 2007/35/EC (OJ L 157, 
19.6.2007, p. 14). 
30 OJ L 262, 27.9.1976, p. 32. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
31 OJ L 262, 27.9.1976, p. 54. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
32 OJ L 262, 27.9.1976, p. 71. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
33 OJ L 262, 27.9.1976, p. 85. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
34 OJ L 262, 27.9.1976, p. 96. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
35 OJ L 262, 27.9.1976, p. 122. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
36 OJ L 145, 13.6.1977, p. 41. Directive as amended by Commission Directive 96/64/EC (OJ L 258, 
11.10.1996, p. 26). 
37 OJ L 220, 29.8.1977, p. 60. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
38 OJ L 220, 29.8.1977, p. 72. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC.  
EN 16   EN – Council Directive 77/541/EEC  of 28 June 1977 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to safety belts and restraint systems of motor vehicles
40,  
– Council Directive 77/649/ EEC of 27September 1977 on the approximation of 
the laws of the Member States relating to  the field of vision  of motor vehicle 
drivers41,  
– Council Directive 78/316/EEC of 21 December 1977 on the approximation of 
the laws of the Member States relating to the interior fittings  of motor vehicles 
(identification of controls, tell-tales and indicators)42,  
– Council Directive 78/317/EEC of 21 December 1977 on the approximation of 
the laws of the Member States relating to the defrosting and demisting systems 
of glazed surfaces of motor vehicles43,  
– Council Directive 78/318/EEC of 21 December 1977 on the approximation of 
the laws of the Member States relati ng to the wiper and washer systems of 
motor vehicles44,  
– Council Directive 78/549/EEC  of 12 June 1978 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to the wheel guards of motor vehicles45,  
– Council Directive 78/932/EEC of 16 Oc tober 1978 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to head restraints of seats of motor vehicles
46,  
– Council Directive 89/297/EEC of 13 Ap ril 1989 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to the lateral protection (side guards) of 
certain motor vehicles and their trailers47,  
– Council Directive 91/226/EEC  of 27 March 1991 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to the spray-suppression systems of certain 
categories of motor vehicles and their trailers48,  
– Council Directive 92/21/EEC  of 31 March 1992 on the masses and dimensions 
of motor vehicles of category M149,  
                                                                                                                                                         
39 OJ L 220, 29.8.1977, p. 83. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
40 OJ L 220, 29.8.1977, p. 95. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
41 OJ L 267, 19.10.1977, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Commission Directive 90/630/EEC (OJ L 
341, 6.12.1990, p. 20). 
42 OJ L 81, 28.3.1978, p. 3. Directive as amended by Commission Directive 93/91/EEC (OJ L 284, 
19.11.1993, p. 25). 
43 OJ L 81, 28.3.1978, p. 27. 
44 OJ L 81, 28.3.1978, p. 49. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
45 OJ L 168, 26.6.1978, p. 45. Directive as amended by Commission Directive 94/78/EC (OJ L 354, 
31.12.1994, p. 10). 
46 OJ L 325, 20.11.1978, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
47 OJ L 124, 5.5.1989, p. 1. 
48 OJ L 103, 23.4.1991, p. 5. Directiv e as amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
49 OJ L 129, 14.5.1992, p. 1. Directive as amended by Commission Directive 95/48/EC (OJ L 233, 
30.9.1995, p. 73).  
EN 17   EN – Council Directive 92/22/EEC  of 31 March 1992 on safety glazing and glazing 
materials on motor vehicles and their trailers50,  
– Council Directive 92/23/EEC  of 31 March 1992 relating to tyres for motor 
vehicles and their trailers and to their fitting51,  
– Council Directive 92/24/EEC  of 31 March 1992 relating to speed limitation 
devices or similar speed limitation on-boa rd systems of certain categories of 
motor vehicles52,  
– Council Directive 92/114/EEC of 17 D ecember 1992 relating to the external 
projections forward of the cab's rear panel of motor vehicles of category N53. 
(18) In addition, the following Directives of the European Parliament and of the Council 
should also be repealed: 
– Directive 94/20/EC of the European Pa rliament and of the Council of 30 May 
1994 relating to the mechanical coupling devices of motor vehicles and their 
trailers and their attach ment to those vehicles54, 
– Directive 95/28/EC of the European Pa rliament and of the Council of 24 
October 1995 relating to the burning behaviour of materi als used in the interior 
construction of certain ca tegories of motor vehicle55, 
– Directive 96/27/EC of the European Pa rliament and of the Council of 20 May 
1996 on the protection of occupants of moto r vehicles in the event of a side 
impact and amending Directive 70/156/EEC56, 
– Directive 96/79/EC of the European Pa rliament and of the Council of 16 
December 1996 on the protection of occupa nts of motor vehicles in the event 
of a frontal impact and am ending Directive 70/156/EEC57, 
– Directive 97/27/EC of the European Pa rliament and of the Council of 22 July 
1997 relating to the masses and dimensions of certain categories of motor vehicles and their trailers and amending Directive 70/156/EEC
58, 
– Directive 98/91/EC of the European Pa rliament and of the Council of 14 
December 1998 relating to motor vehicles  and their trailers  intended for the 
                                                 
50 OJ L 129, 14.5.1992, p. 11. Directive as last amended by  Commission Directive 2001/92/EC (OJ L 291, 
8.11.2001, p. 24). 
51 OJ L 129, 14.5.1992, p. 95. Directive as last amended by  Commission Directive 2005/11/EC (OJ L 46, 
17.2.2005, p. 42).  
52 OJ L 129, 14.5.1992, p. 154. Directive as amended by  Directive 2004/11/EC of the European 
Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 44, 14.2.2004, p. 19). 
53 OJ L 409, 31.12.1992, p. 17. 
54 OJ L 195, 29.7.1994, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
55 OJ L 281, 23.11.1995, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
56 OJ L 169, 8.7.1996, p. 1. 
57 OJ L 18, 21.1.1997, p. 7. Directive as amended by Commission Directive 1999/98/EC (OJ L 9, 
13.1.2000, p. 14). 
58 OJ L 233, 25.8.1997, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Commission Directive 2003/19/EC (OJ L 79, 
26.3.2003, p. 6).  
EN 18   EN transport of dangerous goods by road and amending Directive 70/156/EEC 
relating to the type approval of motor vehicles and their trailers59, 
– Directive 2000/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 
June 2000 on the approximation of the la ws of the Member States relating to 
the front underrun protection of mo tor vehicles and amending Council 
Directive 70/156/EEC60, 
– Directive 2001/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 
September 2001 relating to heating sy stems for motor vehicles and their 
trailers, amending Council Directiv e 70/156/EEC and repealing Council 
Directive 78/548/EEC61, 
– Directive 2001/85/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 
November 2001 relating to special provisions  for vehicles used for the carriage 
of passengers comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat, 
and amending Directives 70/156/EEC and 97/27/EC62, 
– Directive 2003/97/EC of th e European Parliament and of the Council of 
10 November 2003 on the approximation of  the laws of the Member States 
relating to the type-approval of devices for indirect vision and of vehicles 
equipped with these devices, amending Directive 70/156/EEC and repealing 
Directive 71/127/EEC63. 
(19) The objectives of this Regulation, namely the realisation of the internal market 
through the introduction of common technica l requirements concerning the safety and 
environmental performance of motor vehi cles and tyres cannot be sufficiently 
achieved by the Member States. Due to the scale of the action re quired the objectives 
can be better achieved at a Community le vel. Therefore, the Community may adopt 
measures, in accordance with the principle of su bsidiarity, as set out in Article 5 of the 
Treaty. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, 
this Regulation does not go beyond what is  necessary in orde r to achieve those 
objectives, 
                                                 
59 OJ L 11, 16.1.1999, p. 25. 
60 OJ L 203, 10.8.2000, p. 9. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
61 OJ L 292, 9.11.2001, p. 21. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
62 OJ L 42, 13.2.2002, p. 1. Directive as amended by Directive 2006/96/EC. 
63 OJ L 25, 29.1.2004, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 2006/96/EC.  
EN 19   EN HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: 
Chapter I 
Subject matter, scope and definitions 
Article 1 
Subject matter 
This Regulation establishes requirements for the type-approval of motor vehicles, their 
trailers, and of systems, components and sepa rate technical units intended therefor, with 
regard to their safety. 
This Regulation also establishes requirements for the type-approval of tyres, with regard to 
their CO 2 and noise emissions. 
Article 2 
Scope 
This Regulation shall apply to motor vehicles of categories M, N and O as defined in Annex 
II to Directive 2007/46/EC subject to Articles 5 to 10 of this Regulation. 
Article 3 
Definitions 
For the purposes of this Regulation the definitions laid down in Article 3 of Directive 
2007/46/EC shall apply. 
In addition, the following definitions shall apply:  (1) "Electronic Stability Control" means an el ectronic control function for a vehicle which 
improves the dynamic stability of the vehicle; 
(2) "Lane Departure Warning System" means a system to warn the driver of an 
unintentional drift of the vehicle out of its travel lane;  
(3) "Advanced Emergency Braking System" m eans a system which can automatically 
detect an emergency situati on and activate the vehicle brak ing system, with or without 
driver intervention, to decelerate the ve hicle with the purpose of avoiding or 
mitigating a collision;  
(4) "Load-capacity index"  means one or two numbers which indicate the load the tyre can 
carry in single or in single and dual fo rmation at the speed corresponding to the 
associated speed category and when operate d in conformity with the requirements 
governing utilization specified by the manufacturer; 
(5) "Tyre Pressure Monitoring System" means a system fitted on a vehicle, able to 
evaluate the pressure of the tyres or the variation of the pressure over time and to 
transmit corresponding information to the user while the vehicle is running;  
EN 20   EN (6) "Off-road professional tyre" means a tyre in tended for mixed use both on- and off-road 
or for other special duty; 
(7) "Snow tyre" means a tyre, bearing the insc ription M+S or M.S or M&S, whose tread 
pattern, tread compound or structure are primarily designed to achieve in snow 
conditions a performance better than that of a normal tyre with rega rd to its ability to 
initiate or maintain vehicle motion; 
(8) "T type temporary-use spare tyre" means a temporary-use spare tyre designed for use 
at inflation pressure higher than those established for sta ndard and reinforced tyres; 
(9) "Traction tyre" means a snow tyre in cate gories C2 or C3 intended to be fitted to 
vehicle drive axle(s); 
(10) "Unprotected road user" m eans pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. 
Chapter II 
Obligations of manufacturers 
Article 4 
General obligations  
1. Manufacturers shall  demonstrate  that all  new vehicles sold, registered  or put into 
service in the Community are type-approve d in accordance with this Regulation. 
2. Manufacturers shall demonstr ate that all separate tec hnical units or components 
which are sold or put into service in the Community are type-approved in accordance 
with this Regulation. 
Article 5 
Requirements and tests 
1. Manufacturers shall ensure that vehicles are designed, constructed and assembled so 
as to minimise the risk of injury to the vehicle occupants and to other road users. 
2. Manufacturers shall ensure that vehicles , components and separate technical units 
comply with the relevant requirements set out in this Regulation, including the requirements relating to: 
(a) vehicle structure integrit y, including impact tests; 
(b) systems to aid the drive r’s control of the vehicle, including steering braking 
and electronic stability control systems; 
(c) systems to provide the driver with visi bility and informati on on the state of the 
vehicle and the surrounding area, in cluding glazing, mirrors and driver 
information systems; 
(d) vehicle lighting systems;  
EN 21   EN (e) vehicle occupant protection, including interior fittings, head restraint, seat 
belts, ISOfix anchorages or built-i n child restraints, vehicle doors; 
(f) vehicle exterior  and accessories; 
(g) electromagnetic compatibility; (h) audible warning devices; (i) heating systems; (j) devices to prevent unauthorised use; (k) vehicle identification systems; (l) masses and dimensions. 
3. The Commission shall determine to wh ich categories of vehicles among those 
mentioned in Article 2 the requirements set out  in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article 
shall apply. 
 Those measures, designed to amend non-e ssential elements of this Regulation, by 
supplementing it, shall be adopted in accord ance with the regulatory procedure with 
scrutiny referred to in Article 40(2) of Directive 2007/46/EC. 
Article 6 
Specific requirements relating to cer tain vehicles in categories N and O 
1. In addition to the requirements containe d in Articles 5, 8, 9, and 10 vehicles in 
categories N and O shall, where relevant, m eet the requirements set out in paragraphs 
2 to 6 of this Article. 
2. Vehicles in categories N
2 and N 3 shall be constructed to ensure that, in the event of a 
front collision with another ve hicle, the risk of injury to  a vehicle occupant due to 
underrun is minimised. 
3. Vehicles in categories N 2, N 3, O 3 and O 4 shall be constructed to ensure that, in the 
event of the vehicle be ing hit from the side by another vehicle or an unprotected road 
user, the risk of injury to that unprotected  road user or a vehi cle occupant due to 
underrun is minimised. 
4. The vehicle cab or the space provided for the driver and passengers shall be of 
sufficient strength to offer protection to the occupants in the event of an impact or 
rollover. 
5. Vehicles in category N 2 of a maximum mass exceeding 7.5 tonnes, and all category 
N3, O 3 and O 4 vehicles shall be cons tructed so as to minimi se the effect of spray 
emissions from the vehicle on the visibil ity from other vehicles on the road.  
6. The Commission shall set out additional sa fety requirements for vehicles intended 
for the transport of dangerous goods by road  within or between Member States.   
EN 22   EN  Those measures, designed to amend non-e ssential elements of this Regulation, by 
supplementing it, shall be adopted in accord ance with the regulatory procedure with 
scrutiny referred to in Article 40(2) of Directive 2007/46/EC. 
Article 7 
Specific requirements relating to vehicles in categories M2 and M3 
1. In addition to the requirements containe d in Articles 5, 8, 9 and 10, vehicles in 
categories M 2 and M 3 shall meet the requirements set out in paragraphs 2 to 5 of this 
Article. 
2. The carrying capacity of a vehicle, in cluding seated and standing passengers and 
wheelchair users, shall be a ppropriate to the mass, size and layout of the vehicle. 
3. Vehicle bodies shall be desi gned and constructed to enable the vehicle to be operated 
in a safe and stable manner, even at full capacity. Suitable provisions shall be made 
to ensure safe access to and egress from the vehicle, particularly in the case of an 
emergency.  
4. Vehicles of Class I shall be accessible for people with reduced mobility including 
wheelchair users. 
5. Materials used in the construction of th e inside of bus and coach bodywork shall as 
far as possible avoid or at least retard development of flames in order to allow 
occupants to evacuate the vehicle in the event of fire. 
Article 8 
Classification of tyres 
1. Types of tyres shall be classified  according to the following classes: 
(a) Class C1 tyres -  tyres intended for vehicles of category M 1, O1 and O 2; 
(b) Class C2 tyres -  tyres intended for vehicles above 3.5t of category M 2, M 3, N, 
O3 and O 4 with load capacity index in single formation ≤ 121 and speed 
category symbol ≥ ‘ N’;  
(c) Class C3 tyres -  tyres intended for vehicles  above 3.5t of category M 1, M 2, M 3, 
N2, N3, O3 and O 4 with one of the following load capacity indices: 
(i) load capacity index in single formation ≤ 121 and speed category symbol 
≤ ‘M’; 
(ii) load capacity index in single formation ≥ 122. 
A tyre type may be classified in more than one of classes set out in points (a), (b) and 
(c), provided that the tyre type meets all the relevant requirements of each class to 
which it is approved.  
EN 23   EN 2. The list of load-capacity  indices and their corres ponding masses contained in 
UNECE Regulation No 5464 shall apply. 
Article 9 
Specific provisions relating to vehicle tyres 
1. All tyres provided as part of the e quipment of a vehicle, including, where 
appropriate, any spare tyres, shall be suitable for use on the vehicles for which they are intended, particularly with regard to  their dimensions, their speed and load 
performance characteristics. 
2. Vehicles in categories M
1 shall be equipped with a Tyre Pressure Monitoring 
System, capable of warning the driver when  any tyre is operating at a dangerously 
low pressure level, and advi sing the driver when any tyre  is operating at a pressure 
level significantly below the optimum pressure for good fuel consumption. 
3. All C 1 tyres shall meet the wet grip requireme nts contained in Part A of Annex I. 
4. All tyres shall meet the rolling resistance requirements contained in Part B of 
Annex I. 
5. All tyres shall meet the rolling noise requi rements contained in Part C of Annex I. 
6. Paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 shall not apply to: 
(a) tyres whose speed rati ng is less than 80 km/h; 
(b) tyres whose nominal rim diameter does not exceed 254 mm or is 635 mm or 
more;  
(c) T type temporary-use spare tyres; (d) tyres designed only to be fitted to vehicles registered for the first time before [1 
October 1990]; 
(e) tyres fitted with additional devi ces to improve traction properties. 
7. The requirements on rolling resistance and ro lling noise set out in Parts B and C of 
Annex I shall not apply to o ff-road professional tyres. 
Article 10 
Advanced vehicle systems 
1. Vehicles in Categories M
2, M 3, N 2 and N 3 shall be equipped with an Advanced 
Emergency Braking System which shall meet the requirements of this Regulation.  
Any Advanced Emergency Braking System voluntarily fitted by the manufacturer to 
a vehicle in categories M 1 or N 1 shall meet the requirements of this Regulation. 
                                                 
64 OJ […]  
EN 24   EN 2. Vehicles in Categories M 2, M 3, N 2 and N 3 shall be equipped with a Lane Departure 
Warning System which shall meet the requirements of this Regulation.  
Any Lane Departure Warning System volunt arily fitted by the manufacturer to a 
vehicle in categories M 1 or N 1 shall meet the requirements of this Regulation. 
3. The Commission may establish specific pro cedures, tests and technical requirements 
for the type-approval of adva nced vehicle systems other than those mentioned in 
paragraphs 1 and 2.  
Those measures, designed to amend non-esse ntial elements of this Regulation, by 
supplementing it, shall be adopted in accord ance with the regulatory procedure with 
scrutiny referred to in Article 40(2) of Directive 2007/46/EC. 
Chapter III 
Obligations of the Member States 
Article 11 
Type-approval of Vehicles, Compone nts and Separate technical Units 
1. With effect from 29 October 2012 nati onal authorities shall refuse, on grounds 
relating to the areas of vehicle safety and tyres covered in Artic les 5 to 9 and Annex 
I, with the exception of the rolling resistance limit values set out in table 2 of Part B of Annex I, to grant EC type-approval or national type-approval in respect of new 
types of vehicle of the cate gories specified in those Articles and their implementing 
measures, and to grant EC component/sep arate technical unit type-approval with 
respect to new types of components or sepa rate technical units intended therefor, 
which do not comply with the releva nt provisions of this Regulation. 
2. With effect from 29 October 2014 national authorities sh all, on grounds relating to 
the areas of vehicle safety and tyres covere d in Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, Article 9(1) to (4) 
and Parts A and B of Annex I, with the exception of the rolling resistance limit 
values for C3 tyres and the rolling resistan ce limit values set out in table 2 of Part B 
of Annex I, in the case of new vehicles of the categories specified in those Articles 
which do not comply with the relevant pr ovisions of this Regulation, consider 
certificates of conformity to  be no longer valid for the purposes of Article 26 of 
Directive 2007/46/EC and sha ll prohibit the registration, sa le and entry into service 
of such vehicles and, in the case of ne w components or separate technical units 
intended therefor which do not comply wi th the relevant provisions of this 
Regulation, shall prohibit their sa le and entry into service. 
3. With effect from 29 October 2016 national authorities sh all, on grounds relating to 
tyre rolling noise and, with respect to C3 tyres, also  on grounds relating to tyre 
rolling resistance, with the exception of th e rolling resistance limit values set out in 
table 2 of Part B of Annex I, in the case of new vehicles of the categories M, N and 
O which do not comply with the relevant provisions of this Regulation, consider 
certificates of conformity to  be no longer valid for the purposes of Article 26 of 
Directive 2007/46/EC and sha ll prohibit the registration, sa le and entry into service 
of such vehicles and, in the case of new tyres intended therefor which do not comply  
EN 25   EN with the relevant provisions of this Regulati on, shall prohibit their sale and entry into 
service. 
4. With effect from 29 October 2016 nati onal authorities shall refuse, on grounds 
relating to tyre rolling resistance, to grant EC type-approva l or national type-
approval in respect of new types of vehicl e of the categories M, N and O, and to 
grant EC component/separate technical unit type-approval w ith respect to new types 
of tyres intended therefor, which do not co mply with the rolling resistance limit 
values set out in table 2 of Part B of Annex I. 
5. With effect from 29 October 2018 national authorities sh all, on grounds relating to 
tyre rolling resistance of C1 and C2 tyre s, in the case of new vehicles of the 
categories M, N and O which do not comply with the rolling resistance limit values 
set out in table 2 of Part B of Annex I, c onsider certificates of conformity to be no 
longer valid for the purposes of Article 26 of Directive 2007/46/EC and shall prohibit 
the registration, sale and entr y into service of such vehi cles and, in the case of new 
tyres intended therefor which do not comply  with the rolling resistance limit values 
set out in table 2 of Part B of  Annex I, shall proh ibit their sale and entry into service. 
6. With effect from 29 October 2020 national authorities sh all, on grounds relating to 
tyre rolling resistance of C3 tyres, in th e case of new vehicles of the categories M, N 
and O which do not comply with the rolling resistance limit values set out in table 2 
of Part B of Annex I, consid er certificates of conformity  to be no longer valid for the 
purposes of Article 26 of Directive 2007/46/ EC and shall prohibit the registration, 
sale and entry into service of such vehicl es and, in the case of new tyres intended 
therefor which do not comply with the rolling resistance limit values set out in table 2 of Part B of Annex I, shall prohib it their sale and entry into service. 
7. With effect from 29 October 2013 nati onal authorities shall refuse, on grounds 
relating to the areas of vehicle safety covered in Article 10, to grant EC type-
approval or national type-approval in respec t of new types of vehicle of categories 
M
2, M 3, N2 and N 3, to grant EC type-approval or nati onal type-approval in respect of 
new types of vehicl e of categories M 1 and N 1 fitted with an Advanced Emergency 
Braking System and/or a Lane Depart ure Warning System, and to grant EC 
component/separate technical unit type-appr oval with respect to new types of 
Advanced Emergency Braking Systems and Lane Departure Warning Systems 
intended therefor, which do not comply w ith the relevant pr ovisions of this 
Regulation. 
8. With effect from 29 October 2015 national authorities sh all, on grounds relating to 
vehicle safety covered in Article 10, in the case of new vehicl es of categories M 2, 
M3, N 2 and N 3 and new vehicles of categories M 1 and N 1 fitted with an Advanced 
Emergency Braking System and/or a Lane Departure Warning System which do not 
comply with the relevant provisions of th is Regulation, consider certificates of 
conformity to be no longer valid for th e purposes of Article 26 of Directive 
2007/46/EC and shall prohibit the registration, sale and entry into service of such 
vehicles, and, in the case of new Advan ced Emergency Braking Systems and Lane 
Departure Warning Systems intended therefor  which do not comply with the relevant 
provisions of this Regulation, shall prohib it their sale and en try into service.  
EN 26   EN 9. National authorities shall permit the sale and entry into service of components and 
separate technical units type -approved before the date me ntioned in paragraph 1 and 
shall continue to grant ex tension of approvals to th ose components and separate 
technical units under the terms of the Dir ective under which they were originally 
granted, unless the requirements applying to  such components or separate technical 
units have been modified and/or new requirements have been added by this 
Regulation.  
National authorities shall perm it the sale and entry into service of and shall continue 
to grant extensions to EC type-approva l to replacement components and separate 
technical units, with the excep tion of replacement tyres, intended for vehicles type-
approved before the date mentioned in pa ragraph 1, under the terms of the Directive 
under which they were originally granted. 
10. Without prejudice to paragraphs 1 to 9, and subject to entry into force of the 
implementing measures referred to in Ar ticle 5(3) and 13, if  a manufacturer so 
requests, national authorities may not, on grounds relating to the areas of vehicle 
safety and tyres covered in Articles 5 to 10 refuse to grant EC type-approval or national type-approval for a new type of ve hicle or to grant EC component/separate 
technical unit type-approval for a new type of  component or separate technical unit, 
or prohibit the registration, sale or entry in to service of a new vehicle or prohibit the 
sale or entry into service of a new compone nt or separate technical unit, where the 
vehicle, component or separate tec hnical unit concerned complies with the 
requirements set out in this Regulation. 
Article 12 
Penalties 
1. Member States shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringement by 
manufacturers  of the provisions of this Regula tion and shall take all measures 
necessary to ensure that they are implem ented. The penalties provided for must be 
effective, proportionate and dissuasive. Me mber States shall notify those provisions 
to the Commission no later than eighteen m onths after entry into force of this 
Regulation and shall notify it without delay of any subsequent amendment affecting 
them. 
2. The types of infringements which are subject to a penalt y shall include:  
a) making false declarations  during the approval procedures or procedures leading 
to a recall; 
b) falsifying test results for type-approval; c) withholding data or technical specif ications which could lead to recall or 
withdrawal of type-approval.  
EN 27   EN Chapter IV  
Final provisions 
Article 13 
Implementing measures 
1. The measures designed to amend non-esse ntial elements of this Regulation, by 
supplementing it, relating to the specific pr ocedures, tests and requirements for type-
approval relating to the provisions of Ar ticles 5 to 10 and of Annex I shall be 
adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in 
Article 40(2) of Directive 2007/46/EC. These measures shall include a more precise 
definition of the characteristics a tyre must fulfil to be defined as “Off-road professional tyre". 
2. In so far as the measures adopted under paragraph 1 relate to the amendment of the 
limit values on rolling resistance and rolling noise for tyres set out in parts B and C of Annex I as a result of ch anges in the test procedures , they shall be established 
without lowering the existing ambition leve l with regard to the environment. 
Article 14 
Amendments to Directive 2007/46/EC 
Annexes IV, VI and XI to Directive 2007/46/EC are amended in accordance with Annex II to 
this Regulation. 
Article 15 
Repeal 
1. Directives 70/221/EEC, 70/222/EEC , 70/311/EEC, 70/387/EEC, 70/388/EEC, 
71/320/EEC, 72/245/EEC, 74/60/EEC, 74/61/EEC, 74/297/EEC, 74/408/EEC, 
74/483/EEC, 75/443/EEC, 76/114/EEC, 76/115/EEC, 76/756/EEC, 76/757/EEC, 
76/758/EEC, 76/759/EEC, 76/760/EEC, 76/761/EEC, 76/762/EEC, 77/389/EEC, 
77/538/EEC, 77/539/EEC, 77/540/EEC, 77/541/EEC, 77/649/EEC, 78/316/EEC, 
78/317/EEC, 78/318/EEC, 78/549/EEC, 78/932/EEC, 89/297/EEC, 91/226/EEC, 
92/21/EEC, 92/22/EEC, 92/24/EEC, 92/114/ EEC, 94/20/EC, 95/28/EC, 96/27/EC, 
96/79/EC, 97/27/EC, 98/91/EC, 2000/40/ EC, 2001/56/EC, 2001/85/EC, 2003/97/EC 
are repealed with effect from 29 October 2014. 
2. Directive 92/23/EEC is repealed  with effect from 29 October 2018. 
3. References to the repealed Directives shall be construed as references to this 
Regulation.  
EN 28   EN Article 16 
Entry into force 
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in 
the Official Journal of  the European Union . 
It shall apply from [29 October 2012].  
However, Articles, 5(3), 6(6), 10(3), 11(10) and 13 a nd points 1 (a) (iii), 1 (b) (iii), 1 (b) (iv), 
2 (c), 3 (a) (iii), 3 (b) (iii), 3 (c) (iii), 3 (d) (iii), 3 (e) (iii) and 3 (f) (i) of Annex II shall apply 
from the date of entry into force. Points 1 (a) (i), 1 (b) (i), 2 (a), 3 (a) (i),  3 (b) (i), 3 (c) (i), 3 
(d) (i), 3 (e) (i) and 3 (f) (ii)  of Annex II shall apply from 29 October 2014. Points 1 (a) (ii), 1 
(b) (ii), 2 (b), 3 (a) (ii), 3 (b) ( ii), 3 (c) (ii), 3 (d) (ii) and 3 (e) (ii) of Annex II shall apply from 
29 October 2018. 
This Regulation shall be binding in  its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. 
Done at Brussels, […] 
For the European Parliament For the Council 
The President The President  
EN 29   EN ANNEX I   
 
Requirements for Tyres with regard to Wet Grip, Rolling Resistance and Rolling Noise  
Part A- Wet Grip Requirements 
Class C1 tyres shall meet the following requirements: 
Category of use Wet grip index (G) 
snow tyre with a speed symbol ("Q" or below 
minus "H") indicating a maximum permissible speed not greater than 160 km/h  ≥ 0.9 
snow tyre with a speed symbol ("R" and above, 
plus "H") indicating a maximum permissible speed greater than 160 km/h ≥ 1.0 
normal (road type) tyre ≥ 1.1 
 
Part B- Rolling Resistance 
The maximum values for the rolling resistance coefficient for each tyre type, measured in 
accordance with ISO 28580, shall not exceed the following: 
Table 1  
Tyre category Max value (kg/tonne) 
1st stage  
C1 12 
C2 10.5 
C3 8.0 
Table 2  
Tyre category Max value (kg/tonne) 
2nd stage  
C1 10.5 
C2 9 
C3 6.5  
EN 30   EN Part C – Rolling Noise  
1. The noise levels determined in accordan ce with the procedur e specified in the 
implementing measures to this Regulation sh all not exceed the limits designated in 
points 1.1 or 1.2. The tables in points 1.1 and 1.2 represent the measured values corrected for temperature, except in the cas e of C3 tyres, and instrument tolerance 
and rounded down to the nearest whole value. 
1.1 Class C1 tyres, with reference to the no minal section width of the tyre that has 
been tested: 
tyre class Nominal section 
width (mm) Limit values in 
dB(A) 
C1A ≤ 185 70 
C1B > 185 ≤ 215 71 
C1C > 215 ≤ 245 71 
C1D > 245 ≤ 275 72 
C1E > 275 74 
1.2 Class C2 and C3 tyres, with reference to the category of us e of the range of 
tyres: 
tyre class Nominal section 
width (mm) Limit values in 
dB(A) 
Normal  72 C2 
Traction tyres 73 
Normal  73 C3 
Traction tyres 75  
EN 31   EN ANNEX II  
 
Amendments to Directive 2007/46/EC  
Directive 2007/46/EC is amended as follows: 
1. Part I of Annex IV is amended as follows: 
a) The table is amended as follows: 
i) Points 3 to 10, 12 to 38, 42 to 45 and 47 to 57 are deleted; ii) Point 46 is deleted; 
iii) The following point 63 is added: 
Applicability  
Item Subject Regulatory 
act 
reference Official Journal 
reference M1 M2 M3 N1 N2 N 3 O 1 O 2 O 3 O 4 
63 General safety [EC) No 
…/… 
number of 
this Regulation 
to be 
inserted ] [L .., …, p. ..  
reference to this 
Regulation to be 
inserted ] 
 X X X X X X X X X X 
 
b) The Appendix, is amended as follows: 
i) Points 3 to 10, 12 to 37, 44, 45 and 50 to 54 of the table are deleted; ii) Point 46 of the table is deleted; 
iii) The following point 63 is added: 
 Subject Regulatory act 
reference Official Journal 
reference  M1 
63 General safety [EC) No …/… number 
of this Regulation to be inserted ] [L .., …, p. ..  
reference to this Regulation to be 
inserted ] P/A 
 
ii) In the “key”, the following text is added: 
P/A: This Regulation is partially applicable. The precise scope of 
application is established in the implementing measures to the Regulation.  
EN 32   EN 2. In the Appendix to Annex VI, the table is amended as follows: 
a) Points 3 to 10, 12 to 38, 42 to 45 and 47 to 57 are deleted; b) Point 46 is deleted; 
c) The following point 63 is added: 
Subject Regulatory 
act reference Official Journal 
reference As amended by Applicable to 
versions 
63. General safety [EC) No 
…/… 
number of 
this Regulation 
to be 
inserted ] [L .., …, p. ..  
reference to this 
Regulation to be 
inserted ] 
   
3. Annex XI is amended as follows: 
(a) In Appendix 1, the table is amended as follows: 
i) Points 3 to 10, 12 to 38, 44, 45 and 47 to 54 are deleted; ii) Point 46 is deleted; 
iii) The following point 63 is added: 
Item Subject Regulatory act 
reference M1 ≤ 2 500 
(1) kg M1 > 2 500 
(1) kg M2 M 3 
63 General safety [EC) No …/… 
number of this 
Regulation to be inserted ] P/A P/A 
 P/A 
 P/A 
 
(b) In Appendix 2, the table is amended as follows: 
i) Points 3 to 10, 12 to 38, 42 to 45 and 47 to 57 are deleted; ii) Point 46 is deleted;  
EN 33   EN iii) The following point 63 is added: 
Item Subject Regulatory act 
reference M1 M 2 M 3 N 1 N 2 N 3 O 1 O 2 O 3 O 4 
63 General safety [EC) No 
…/… number 
of this 
Regulation to be inserted ] P/A P/A P/A P/A P/A P/A P/A P/A P/A P/A 
 
(c) In Appendix 3, the table is amended as follows: 
i) Points 3 to 10, 12 to 37, 44, 45 and 50 to 54 are deleted; ii) Point 46 is deleted; 
iii) The following point 63 is added: 
Item Subject Regulatory act 
reference M1 
63 General safety [EC) No …/… 
number of this Regulation to be 
inserted ] P/A 
(d) In Appendix 4, the table is amended ad follows: 
i) Points 3 to 10, 13 to 36, 42 to 45 and 47 to 57 are deleted; ii) Point 46 is deleted; 
iii) The following point 63 is added: 
Item Subject Regulatory act 
reference M2 M 3 N 1 N 2 N 3 O 1 O 2 O 3 O 4 
63 General safety [EC) No …/… 
number of this 
Regulation to 
be inserted ] P/A P/A P/A P/A P/ A P/A P/A P/A P/A 
(e) In Appendix 5, the table is amended as follows: 
i) Points 3 to 10, 12 to 36, 42 to 45 and 47 to 57 are deleted; 
ii) Point 46 is deleted;  
EN 34   EN iii) The following point 58 is added: 
Item Subject Regulatory act reference Mobile crane of 
category N3 
58 General safety [EC) No …/… number of 
this Regulation to be 
inserted ] P/A 
(f) “Meaning of letters” is amended as follows: 
i) Points C, U, W 5, and W 6 are deleted. 
(ii) The following text is added: 
“P/A: This regulatory act is partia lly applicable. Th e precise scope 
of application is es tablished in the implementing measures of 
the Regulation.”