FINAL DRAFT UGANDA 
STANDARD  
  FDUS 950 
First Edition  
2011 -mm-dd 
 
 
 Reference number  
FDUS 950: 2011 
© UNBS 2011   
  
Disposable baby diapers  — Specification  
 FDUS 950: 2011  
ii © UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct application  
© UNBS 20 11  
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written 
permissio n from UNBS.  
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to  
The Executive Director  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards  
P.O. Box 6329  
Kampala  
Uganda  
Tel: 256 41 4 505 995  
Fax: 256 41 4 286 123  
E-mail: unbs@infocom.co.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  FDUS 950:2011  
© UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... v 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 1 
4 Classific ation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....2 
5 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...2 
5.1 General Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 2 
5.2 Material s ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 2 
5.3 Other physical characteristics  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 3 
5.4 Microbiological requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 3 
6 Packaging and marking  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 4 
6.1 Packing and/or packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 4 
6.2 Marking  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 4 
7 Testing  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 4 
8 Proof of compliance  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 4 
Annex  A (normative)  Determination of absorbency rate  ................................ ................................ ............ 5 
A.1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 5 
A.2 Safety  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 5 
A.3 Principles  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 5 
A.4 Reagents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 5 
A.5 Equipment and Materials  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 5 
A.6 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 5 
A.6.1  Prepare 0.9 % saline by dissolving 45 g of sodium chloride into 4955 mL of distilled or 
deionized water. Blend the saline thoroughly.  ................................ ................................ ................ 5 
A.6.2  Weigh out one 1 g of l oose SAP.  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....5 
A.6.3  Pour the SAP into an Aluminium tin and distribute evenly over the bottom of the tin. 
Measure 30 mL of saline into the graduated cylinder.  ................................ ................................ ....6 
Annex  B (informative)  Total absorptive capacity for baby diapers  ................................ ........................... 7 
B.1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 7 
B.2 Safety  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 7 
B.3 Equipment and Materials  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 7 
B.4 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 7 
B.5 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 8 
Annex  C (normative)  Rewet and Acquisition Time Under Load for disposable baby diapers  ................. 9 
C.1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 9 
C.2 Safety  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 9 
C.3 Equipment and materials  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 9 
C.4 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 9 
C.5 Primary test  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 10 
C.6 Secondary test ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  10 
C.7 Tertiary test  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 10 
C.8 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 11 
Annex  D  (normative)  Microbiological examination  ................................ ................................ .................  12 
D.1 Apparatus and equipment  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  12 
D.2 Media and reagents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  12 
D.2.1  General ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  12 FDUS 950: 2011  
iv © UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  
 D.2.2  Bacteriological pepton e ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  12 
D.2.3  Plate count agar  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  12 
D.2.4  Neutral red -bile salt peptone glucose medium  ................................ ................................ .............  12 
D.2.5  Fluid soybean -casein digest medium  ................................ ................................ ...........................  13 
D.2.6  Cetrimide agar medium  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  13 
D.2.7  Pseudomonas agar medium for det ection of fluorescein  ................................ ............................  13 
D.2.8  Pseudomonas agar medium for detection of pyocyanin ................................ ..............................  14 
D.3 Preparation of test suspension  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 14 
D.4 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 14 
D.4.1  Total viable bacterial count  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  14 
D.4.2  Examination f or the presence of Enterobacteriaceae  ................................ ................................ .. 14 
D.4.3  Examination for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus  ................................ ...........................  14 
D.4.4  Examination for the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa  ................................ .......................  14 
Bibliography  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  16 
 FDUS 950:2011  
© UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  v 
 Foreword  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Tourism, Trade an d 
Industry established under Cap 327 , of the Laws of Uganda.  UNBS is mandated to co -ordinate the 
elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Comm ission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT/SPS Agreements of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).  
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on  standards in a given field or area and consists of representatives of 
consumers, traders, academicians, manufacturers, government and other stakeholders.  
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and t he 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.  
Committee membership  
The following organisations were represented  on the Technical Committee for Textiles and Leather Products’  
Standards, UNBS/TC 7, during the development of this standard:  
 Johnnie S.W. Setyabula (Expert in Textile Manufacture ) 
 Kyambogo University  
 Ministry of Tourism Trade and Industry (MTTI)  
 Nina Int eriors Limited  
 Phenix Logistics Uganda Limited  
 Southern Range Nyanza Limited  
 Textile Development Agency (TEXDA)  
 Uganda Consumer Protection Association (CONSENT)  
 Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS)  FDUS 950: 2011  
vi © UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  
 
Introduction  
Diapers are personal hygiene products engineered to absorb and contain urine and faeces of a baby. They 
are designed to keep the skin dry by isolating these wastes  from clothing, bedding and the surrounding 
environment . They are placed and fastened around the baby’s legs and bottom to form a l eak proof seal, 
preventing contamination of the baby’s clothes . The products need to provide maximum comfort to the baby  
and maximum convenience to the carer.  
A disposable diaper consists of an absorbent pad sandwiched between two sheets of nonwoven fabric . The 
pad is specially designed to absorb and retain body fluids, and the non -woven fabric gives the diaper a 
comfortable shape and helps prevent leakage. These diapers are made by a multi -step process in which the 
absorbent pad is first vacuum -formed, the n attached to a permeable top sheet and impermeable bottom 
sheet. The components are sealed together by application of heat or ultrasonic vibrations. Elastic fibres are 
attached to the sheets to gather the edges of the diaper into the proper shape so it fi ts snugly around a baby's 
legs and crotch. When properly fitted, the disposable diaper will retain body fluids which pass through the 
permeable top sheet and are absorbed into the pad.  
The baby diapers are gen erally available in four sizes,  small, medium, large and extra large, with an overall 
snug fitting. Typical functions of baby diapers include:  
 absorb body fluids ; 
 retain body fluid inside the absorbent core ; 
 isolate wetness from the baby’s skin ; and  
 isolate other excretion from baby’s environment (clot h, bed etc) . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 1 — Baby diaper  
 FINAL DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  FDUS 950: 2011  
 
© UNBS 2011 – All rights re served  1 
 Disposable baby diapers  — Specification  
1 Scope  
This Final Draft Uganda standard prescribes the requirements and test methods for disposable baby diapers.  
2 Normative references  
The following referenced d ocuments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies.  
EAS 217 -1, Methods for the micr obiological examination of foods — Part 1: General procedures and 
technique  
EAS 217 -5:2001, Methods for the microbiological examination of foods — Part 5: Enumeration of coagulase -
positive staphylococci in foods   
EAS 240, Conditioning for the testing of t extiles   
EAS 261, Method for determination of pH value of aqueous extracts of textile materials  
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this standard, the follow ing terms and definitions shall  apply . 
3.1  
disposable baby diapers  
disposable hygienic pad  for babies having capability to absorb urine and prevent stool and fluid from leaking  
3.2  
Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)  
granular cross -linked sodium polyacrylates material  used as absorbent core with improved retention capacity 
in disposable diapers  
3.3  
Acquisition/Distribution  Layer (ADL)  
component of an absorbent hygiene product through which the fluid is transferred and distributed within the 
absorbent core  
3.4  
top sheet (coverstock)  
the outer layer of an absorbent hygiene product that is in direct i ntimate contact with the user’s skin. It allows 
instant transfer of the fluid from the point of contact to the inside of the product .  FDUS 950: 2011  
2 © UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  
 3.5  
back sheet  
layer of an absorbent hygiene product made of either polymer film or nonwoven film designed to prevent 
wetness transfer from the wearer to their bed or clothes  
3.6  
acquisition time under load  
time required for the diaper to fully absorb a known amount of test fluid under load  
4 Classification  
Diapers shall be classified according to the weight of the baby it  is meant for as in Table 1 . 
Table  1 — Classification of baby diapers  
Category (informative)  Baby weight , 
kg 
Small  Up to 6  
Medium  6.1 – 9.0 
Large  9.1 – 15 
Extra large  Above 15  
 
NOTE 1 The diapers are classified according to the baby weight and n ot according to category . 
NOTE 2 The upper limit of the weight range shown on the pack is used to determine the baby weight category . 
NOTE 3 The size of the category is consistent with the standard dimensions as required by the market .  
5 Requirements  
5.1 General Requirements  
Baby diapers shall be manufactured, stored and packed under hygienic conditions to minimise contamination 
of the product  and shall be disposable. The diapers shall present a neat, well finished appearance and shall 
be free of all impe rfections and/or defects which might affect appearance, normal life, or usage.  
5.2 Materials  
The materials used for making the diapers shall be clean, bacteria free, and highly absorbent. They shall not 
harm the baby’s skin and should not have any unpleasa nt odour when wet or dry.  
5.2.1  The absorbent core shall :  
a) consist of cellulose fibres and superabsorbent polymer and shall be contoured for better fit between 
the legs. It shall have a comfortable feel  and shall ensure complete dryness and prevent growth 
of bacteria ; 
b) be clean, free from harmful foreign materials, lumps, splits, holes, and protruding points when visually 
examined ; and  
c) be arranged in a manner that will speed up the absorption of urine and keep it away from the baby’s 
skin. FDUS 950: 2011  
© UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  3 
 5.2.2  The top shee t (the layer which contacts the baby’s skin)  shall: 
a) be of material capable of allowing fluid to pass readily through to the next layer and shall  resist 
moisture return to the skin. It shall  have no harmful effects ; 
b) cover the absorbent core completely and p revent the core from reaching the baby’s skin or clothes 
under normal handling ; and  
c) have high degree of softness and shall cause no irritation to the skin .  
5.2.3  The back sheet (outer cover)  
a) shall be moisture impervious and shall prevent direct contact o f the absorbent core with the baby’s 
clothing and there shall be no liquid leakage out of the diapers ; and  
b) should be breathable and comfortable for the baby . 
5.2.4  There shall be a device for ensuring a good fit of the diapers on the baby’s femurs and to p revent 
leakage at the femurs without causing rubefacient effects.  
5.2.5  There shall be a suitable device for fastening the diaper at the waist for secure use without causing 
rubefacient effects.  
5.2.6  Adhesive used shall prevent shifting of the absorbent c ore. 
5.2.7 Each material component of the diaper should be bounded to the adjacent component to enhance 
strength and prevent shifting of the absorbent core  
5.3 Other physical characteristics  
Other physical characteristics of the diapers shall comply with t he requirements given in Table 2 . 
Table  2 — Characteristics of disposable diapers  
Characteristics  Small  Medium  Large  Extra large  Test methods  
Rate of absorbency , s, (max)  10 10 10 10 Annex A  
Absorptive capacity , g min  250 350 450 500 Annex B  
Rewet under  load,g (max)  4 4 4 4 Annex C  
Acquisition time under load , s (max)  60 60 60 60 Annex C  
pH  6 – 8.5 6 – 8.5 6 – 8.5 6 – 8.5 EAS 261  
NOTE  Re-wet test: the purpose of this test is to examine the ability of diapers’ topsheet to resist transportation back  on 
to the skin of a liquid which has already penetrated the topshee t. The rewet under load  simulates the effect of a baby 
sitting on a wet diaper. The lesser the rewet value, the better the performance of the diaper.  
 
5.4 Microbiological requirements   
The m icrobiological limits shall be as defined below;  
a) the total viable bacterial count, when determined in accordance with D.4.1 shall not exceed 1000 per 
diaper; and 
b) when tested in accordance with D.4.4.1, D.4.4.2 and D.4.4.3, disposable diapers shall be free from 
Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .  FDUS 950: 2011  
4 © UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  
 6 Packaging and marking  
6.1 Packing and/or packaging  
Diapers shall be packed in a suitable package that shall protect them from any form of contamination and 
damage.  Packaging for  shipment shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's standard practice and in a 
manner readily accepted by  the market.  Within the shipping carton, units shall be packed in manner designed 
to minimize damage during shipment due to rough or improper hand ling. 
6.2 Marking  
The diaper packs shall be marked with legible and indelible pre -printed marking or a securely affixed and 
durable label bearing the following information:  
a) name of contents;  
b) name and address of the manufacturer;  
c) number of diapers;  
d) size o r dimension  of diapers;  
e) weight of baby that the diapers is meant for;  
f) instruction for storage and disposal;  
g) date of manufacture and expiry;  
h) batch/ lot number;  
i) country of origin; and  
j) any perfume, lotion and powder added on the topsheet shall be declared.  
7 Testing  
Testing shall be done by, or at the directio n of, the receiving agency  and the  cost of the testing shall be borne 
by the supplier. Tests shall be performed on products from shipments to ordering agencies. In the event that 
products tested fail to  meet or exceed all conditions and requirements of this specification, the product shall 
be destroyed at the cost of the su pplier . 
8 Proof of compliance  
The manufacturer or the supplier shall bear the burden of proof of compliance with this specification . FDUS 950: 2011  
© UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  5 
 Annex  A 
(normative)  
 
Determination of absorbency rate  
A.1 Scope  
This method describes the procedure for measuring the absorbency rate of loose Super Absorbent Particles 
(SAP).  
A.2 Safety  
Read the material safety data sheets for all chemicals used in this p rocedure. Exposure to low levels of 
airborne SAP dust may result in lung irritation. SAP is non -irritating by skin contact and is essentially non -
irritating to the eyes. However, if eye contact occurs, it is recommended that the eyes be flushed with runnin g 
water for at least 15 min.  
When testing experimental and competitive SAP with unknown levels of residual monomer, residual solvents, 
or residual crosslinkers, it is recommended that neoprene gloves be worn when handling the hydrated SAP.  
A.3 Principles  
The absorbency rate is measured by observing the time required for complete absorbency of a given amount 
of fluid.  
A.4 Reagents  
0.9 % NaCl saline prepared with distilled or deionized water  
A.5 Equipment and Materials  
A.5.1  Analytical balance  accurate to 0.0 001 g (with cover)  
A.5.2  Aluminium tins  (Fisher brand Aluminium weighing dish #08 -732 of 57 mm in diameter or equivalent)  
A.5.3  Stopwatch  
A.5.4  50 m L graduated cylinder  
A.6 Procedure  
A.6.1  Prepare 0.9  % saline by dissolving 45 g of sodium chloride into 495 5 mL of distilled or deionized 
water. Blend the saline thoroughly.  
A.6.2  Weigh out one 1 g of loose SAP.  FDUS 950: 2011  
6 © UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  
 A.6.3  Pour the SAP into an Alumin ium tin and distribute evenly over the bottom of the tin. Measure 30 m L of 
saline into the graduated cylinder.  
A.6.4  Pour the saline into the alumin ium tin containing the SAP and start the stopwatch as soon as the first 
solution touches the SAP.  
NOTE  Give the initial mix a quick swirl to redistribute the saline and SAP evenly. Stop the stopwatch as soon 
as all of the sol ution is completely absorbed.  
A.6.5  Record the time ( in seconds) required for the SAP to absorb all of the saline solution.  
A.6.6  Repeat the test twice and take the average of the three tests for the final result . 
 FDUS 950: 2011  
© UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  7 
 Annex  B 
(informative)  
 
Total absorptive capacity for baby diapers  
B.1 Scope  
This method describes the procedure for determining the total absorptive capacity of baby diapers.  
B.2 Safety  
Read the material safety data sheets for all chemicals used i n this procedure.  
B.3 Equipment and Materials  
B.3.1 Two ring stands with crossbar and clamps  
B.3.2 Large plastic pan or tub  (large enough to hold saline and articles to be tested)  
B.3.3 Small plastic pan or tub  (small enough to be used on a balance, but la rge enough to contain the wet 
article)  
B.3.4 Lab balance  accurate to the nearest 0.01 (1  000 gram capacity)  
B.3.5 Timer  
B.3.6 0.9 % NaCl saline  prepared with distilled or deionized water  
B.3.7 Food dye or equivalent  
B.4 Procedure  
B.4.1  Prepare the 0.9  % sa line by dissolving 45 g of sodium c hloride into 4955 m L of distilled or deionized 
water. Blend the saline solution thoroughly.  
B.4.2  Record the dry weight (grams) of the article.  
B.4.3  Set the timer for 30 min.  
B.4.4  Place the dry article in a large pan or  tub filled with enough saline to completely submerge the article.  
B.4.5  Start the timer.  
B.4.6  After 30 min have passed, remove the wet article and hang it over the crossbar (in the cross machine 
direction or at the bi -fold). Set the timer for 10 min.  
B.4.7 Place the small plastic pan or tub on the laboratory balance and zero the balance.  
B.4.8  After 10 min have elapsed, remove the hanging article and place it into the small pan.  FDUS 950: 2011  
8 © UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  
 B.4.9  Weigh the small pan and hydrated article together. Record the wet weigh t. 
B.5 Calculation  
Total Absorptive Capacity (grams) = wet weight – dry weight  FDUS 950: 2011  
© UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  9 
 Annex  C 
(normative)  
 
Rewet and Acquisition Time Under Load for disposable baby diapers  
C.1 Scope  
This method describes the procedure for measuring the Rewet Under Load (RUL) and  Acquisition Time Under 
Load (ATUL) for disposable baby diapers.  
C.2 Safety  
Read the material safety data sheets for all chemicals used in this procedure.  
C.3 Equipment and materials  
C.3.1 Stainless steel dosing weight  (Figure C.1) 
C.3.2 0.7 psi rewet weig ht (Figure  C.2) 
C.3.3 Lab balance accurate  to the nearest 0.01 g  
C.3.4 Filter paper  grade #4 (diameter 90 mm, VWR 415 or equivalent)  
C.3.5 7 mL/sec separatory funnel  
C.3.6 100 m L beaker  or equivalent  
C.3.7 Timer  
C.3.8 Stopwatch  
C.3.9 Ruler  
C.3.10  Permanent  marker  
C.3.11  0.9 % NaCl saline  prepared with distilled or deionized water  
C.3.12  Food dye  or equivalent  
C.4 Procedure  
C.4.1 Prepare 0.9  % saline by dissolving 45 g of sodium c hloride into 4955 m L of distilled or deionized 
water. Blend the saline thorough ly. 
C.4.2 Add a few drops of food dye (or equivalent) to the saline and blend thoroughly.  
NOTE  Only use enough dye to allow for a visual indication of fluid flow and wicking.  FDUS 950: 2011  
10 © UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  
 C.5 Primary test 
C.5.1 Weigh and record the total diaper weight of all samples.  
C.5.2 Find and mark (with permanent marker) the dosing zone, which is located 5 cm toward the front edge 
of the product, from the centre (diaper chassis, not core).  
C.5.3 Weigh 20  g, 30 g, and 40 g stacks of Whatman filter paper to the nearest 0.01 g and re cord the weight 
as the dry filter paper weight.  
C.5.4 With the nonwoven coversheet side up, cup the diaper in a “U” shape  
C.5.5 Measure 80 m L of the dyed saline solution and pour it into the separatory funnel.  
C.5.6 Place the dosing weight and separatory f unnel over the insult zone.  
C.5.7 Pour the saline into the dosing weight, being certain the saline does not overfill the dosing ring. Start 
the stopwatch as soon as the saline comes in contact with the surface of the diaper. Immediately after starting 
the stopwatch, start a ten -minute timer.  
C.5.8 Stop the stopwatch once all of the saline has entered the diaper core and record this time (seconds) 
as the primary ATUL.  
C.5.9 Leave the dosing weight on the diaper for 10 min.  
NOTE  This ten -minute interval shou ld start at the onset of the acquisition test, when the saline is first poured 
into the dosing weight.  
C.5.10  After 10 min, lift the dosing ring and place the stack of 20 filter papers on the diaper (nonwoven 
coversheet side), centred on the marked dosing zone. Set the 0.7 psi rewet weight on top of the filter paper 
stack and keep it there for 2 min.  
C.5.11  After 2 min have elapsed, remove the 0.7 psi rewet weight and weigh the filter papers. Record the 
weight of the filter papers as the wet weight.  
C.5.12  Subtract the dry weight of the first filter paper stack from the wet weight of the first filter paper stack 
and record the difference as the primary RUL.  
C.6 Secondary test 
C.6.1 Repeat steps 7 – 11. The ATUL determined in step 10 is recorded as the second ary ATUL.  
C.6.2 Repeat steps 12 – 14 using the 30 g stack of filter papers.  
C.6.3 Subtract the dry weight of the second filter paper stack from the wet weight of the second filter paper 
stack and record the difference as the secondary RUL.  
C.7 Tertiary test 
C.7.1 Repeat steps 7 – 11. The ATUL determined in step 10 is recorded as the tertiary ATUL.  
C.7.2 Repeat steps 12 – 14 using the 40 g stack of filter papers.  
C.7.3 Subtract the dry weight of the third filter paper stack from the wet weight of the third f ilter paper stack 
and record the difference as the tertiary RUL.  FDUS 950: 2011  
© UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  11 
 C.8 Calculation  
C.8.1 RUL (g) = wet weight of filter papers (g) - dry weight of filter papers (g)  
C.8.2 The ATUL is measured in seconds and is reported to the nearest 0.1 sec.  
Figure C.1  — Stainless Steel Dosing Ring and Rewet Weight Descriptions  
 
 
FDUS 950: 2011  
12 © UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  
 Annex  D  
(normative)  
 
Microbiological examination  
D.1 Apparatus and equipment  
Use apparatus and equipment complying wit h the relevant requirements of EAS 217 -1.  
D.2 Media and reagents  
D.2.1  General  
Ensure compliance with the general requirements for the ingredients and for the preparation of media and 
reagents given in EAS 217 -1.  
D.2.2  Bacteriological peptone  
Peptone               10 g  
Disodium phosphate dodecahydrate         1 g  
Sodium chloride             5 g  
Mono -potassium phosphate          1.5 g  
Dissolve the ingredients in distilled water and make up to 1 L. Adjust the pH value to be 7.0 ± 0.1 after 
sterilization.  Dispense 300 mL volumes into flasks of capacity 500 mL and sterilize by autoclaving at 121 °C ± 
2 °C for 20 min.  
D.2.3  Plate count agar  
Agar               15 g  
Glucose               1 g  
Tryptone               5 g  
Yeast extract              2.5 g  
Dissolv e the ingredients in distilled water, made up to 1litre, and adjust the pH value to 7.2 ± 0.2. Dispense 15 
mL volumes into bottles and sterilize by autoclaving at 121 °C ± 2 °C for 20 min.  
D.2.4  Neutral red -bile salt peptone glucose medium  
Peptone               20 g  
Glucose               10 g  
Bile salts No. 3             1.5 g  FDUS 950: 2011  
© UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  13 
 Sodium chloride           5 g  
Neutral red            0.03 g  
Crystal violet            0.002 g  
Dissolve the ingredients in 400 mL of distilled water and make up to 500 mL boiling to aid solution. Adjust the 
pH value to 7.4 and filter to a clear solution. Dispense 10 mL volumes into bottles each containing a Du rham 
tube and sterilize by auto claving at 121 °C ± 2 °C for 20 min.  
D.2.5  Fluid soybean -casein digest medium  
Pancreatic diges t of casein         17 g 
Papaic digest of soybean meal        3 g  
Sodium chloride           5 g  
Dibasic potassium phosphate        2.5 g  
Dextrose             2.5 g  
Dissolve the ingredients in distilled water and make up to 1 L, warming slightly to aid solut ion. Cool the 
solution to room temperature and adjust the pH value to be 7.3 ± 0.2 after sterilization. Filter to clarify (if 
necessary), dispense into suitable containers, and sterilize by autoclaving at 121 °C ± 2 °C for 20 min.  
D.2.6  Cetrimide agar med ium  
Pancreatic digest of gelatine        20 g  
Magnesium chloride          1.4 g  
Potassium sulphate          10 g  
Agar             13.6 g  
Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide  (Cetrimide)    0.3 g  
Glycerine            10 mL  
Dissolve all the solid ingredients in  distilled water, make up to 1 L, and then add the glycerine. Heat, 
agitating frequently, and boil for 1 min. Adjust the pH value to be 7.2 ± 0.2 after sterilization. Dispense into 
suitable containers and sterilize by autoclaving at 121 °C ± 2 °C for 20 mi n.  
D.2.7  Pseudomonas agar medium for detection of fluorescein  
Pancreatic digest of casein         10 g  
Peptic digest of animal tissue        10 g  
Anhydr ous dibasic potassium phosphate      1.5 g  
Magnesium sulphate (MgSO
4.7H
2O)      1.5 g  
Glycerine            10 mL  
Agar             15 g  FDUS 950: 2011  
14 © UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  
 Dissolve all the solid ingredients in distilled water, make up to 1  L, and then add the glycerine. Heat, agitating 
frequently, and boil for 1 min. Adjust the pH value to be 7.2 ± 0.2 after sterilization. Dispense into suit able 
containers and sterilize by autoclaving at 121 °C ± 2 °C for 20 min.  
D.2.8  Pseudomonas agar medium for detection of pyocyanin  
Pancreatic digest of casein           20 g  
Anhydrous magnesium chloride          1.4 g  
Anhydrous potassium sulphate          10 g  
Agar               15 g  
Glycerine              10 Ml  
Dissolve all the solid ingredients in distilled water, make up to 1 L, and then add the glycerine. Heat, agitating 
frequently, and boil for 1 min. Adjust the pH value to be 7.2 ± 0.2 after steriliz ation. Dispense into suitable 
containers and sterilize by autoclaving at 121 °C ± 2 °C for 20 min.  
D.3 Preparation of test suspension  
Transfer 300 mL of the sterile solution of bacteriological peptone (D.2.2) to a sterile wide -mouthed jar of 
capacity not  less than 1 L and not more than 2 L. The jar shall have a mouth of diameter not less than 150 
mm and not more than 250 mm, and is fitted with a hermetically closing glass or metal -and-glass lid. 
Aseptically place the diaper under test in the solution in t he jar, fit the lid, agitate the contents of the jar for 2 
min and then allow the jar to stand for 10 min. Repeat this agitating and standing procedure twice more. 
Aseptically remove about 100 m L of the test suspension for testing as described in D.4 below .  
D.4 Procedure  
D.4.1  Total viable bacterial count  
Into each of three sterile petri dishes aseptically pipette a 1 mL portion of the test suspension. To each dish, 
add 15 mL of freshly melted plate count agar (D.2.3) that has been cooled to 45 °C, and m ix well. Incubate, 
count and calculate the total count as described in EAS 217 -2.  
D.4.2  Examination for the presence of Enterobacteriaceae  
Aseptically add 10 mL of the test suspension to a bottle that contains neutral red -bile salt peptone glucose 
medium  (D.2.4). Incubate the bottle for 24 h to 36 h at 37 °C ± 0.5°C and examine for the presence of 
Enterobacteriaceae as evidenced by the formation of acid and gas.  
D.4.3  Examination for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus  
Use the media, reagents and proc edure described in EAS 217 - 5 to examine the test suspension (see D.3). 
As a control, pipette 0.1 mL of a 1:1000 dilution of an 18 h to 24 h culture of Staphylococcus aureus SATCC 
Sta 10 into Staphylococcus medium and proceed as with the test suspension.  
D.4.4  Examination for the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa  
D.4.4.1  Aseptically pipette 10 mL of the test suspension into 90 mL of fluid soybean -casein digest 
medium (D.2.5) and mix well. Incubate for 24 h at 30 °C to 35 °C. By means of an inoculating lo op transfer a 
portion from the 24 h incubated sample tube of fluid soybean -casein digest medium to the dry surface of Petri 
dishes each containing approximately 20 mL of Cetrimide agar medium (D.2.6). Incubate at 30 °C to 35 °C FDUS 950: 2011  
© UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  15 
 and examine after 24h, and a gain after 48 h incubation, for suspect colonies, bearing in mind that in general 
greenish fluorescent colonies are typical of Pseudomonas aureginosa and that in its presence a gram stain 
examined microscopically will reveal gram -negative slender rod -shape d cells.  
D.4.4.2  As a control, add 0.1 mL of a 1:1 000 dilution of an 18 h to 24 h culture of Pseudomonas 
aeruginosa SATCC Pse 11, mL to 100 mL of fluid soybean -casein digest medium (D.2.5), and proceed as 
with the test suspension.  
D.4.4.3  If none of the  colonies obtained from the test suspension conforms to the description given in 
(D.4.4.1) above and the control culture has been satisfactorily recovered, deem the test sample to be free 
from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  
D.4.4.4  If colonies conforming to the description given in (D.4.4.1) above are found, streak representative 
suspect colonies from the Cetrimide agar onto the surfaces of Pseudomonas agar medium for the detection of 
flourescein (D.2.7) and Pseudomonas agar medium for the detection of pyocyanin (D.2.8) to obtain isolated 
colonies. Cover and invert the Petri dishes and incubate at 30 °C – 35 °C for at least three days. Examine the 
streaked surfaces under ultraviolet light for suspect colonies, as described in Table D.1.  
Table D.1 — Description of colonies  
 
Medium  Description of colonies  
Pseudomonas agar for the detection of fluorescein  Generally colourless to yellowish  
Yellowish fluorescence in ultra violet light  
Pseudomonas agar for the detection of pyocyanin  Generally greenish. Blue fluoresce nce in ultraviolet light  
 
If any further doubt exists as to the identity of the colonies, obtain final confirmation by inoculating the suspect 
colonies to the wells on commercially available diagnostic kits in accordance with the manufacturer’s 
instructio ns. FDUS 950: 2011  
16 © UNBS 2011  – All rights reserved  
 Bibliography  
[1] KS 2108: 2007, Disposable baby diapers — Specification  
[2] US EAS 96:2008, Sanitary towels — Specification  
[3] Texas specification No. 475/64 -01 
 FDUS 950: 2011  
© UNBS 2011 – All rights re served  17 
 Certification marking  
Products that conform to Uganda standards may be marked with Ugand a National Bureau of Standards 
(UNBS) Certification Mark shown in the figure below.  
The use of the UNBS Certification Mark is governed by the Standards Act, and the Regulations made 
thereunder. This mark can be used only by those licensed under the certif ication mark scheme operated by 
the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and in conjunction with the relevant Uganda Standard. The 
presence of this mark on a product or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods comply with the 
requirements of that standard under a system of supervision, control and testing in accordance with the 
certification mark scheme of the Uganda National Bureau of Standards. UNBS marked products are 
continually checked by UNBS for conformity to that standard.  
Further par ticulars of the terms and conditions of licensing may be obtained from the Director, Uganda 
National Bureau of Standards.  
 
 FDUS 950: 2011    
 
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