APPENDIX TABLES Colombia WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 
 Page 135 
 
 
Table AI.1  
Merchandise exports by product, 1997-2004  
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
  (US$ million) 
Total 11,549 10,821 11,617 13,158 12,301 11,897 13,092 16,730 
  (% of total) 
Total primary products 68.9 67.9 70.3 67.5 60.5 61.3 61.1 59.5 
   Agriculture 37.0 37.0 29.1 23.7 23.4 24.5 22.9 21.3 
      Food 31.9 31.6 24.1 19.0 18.2 18.5 17.4 16.9 
         0711 Coffee, not roasted 19.6 17.5 11.6 8.1 6.2 6.6 6.2 5.7 
         0573 Bananas 4.4 4.4 4.8 3.7 3.3 3.7 3.2 2.6 
         0011 Bovine animals, live 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 
         0622 Sugar confectionary 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 
         0612 Other beet or cane sugar and chemically 
pure sucrose 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.8 
         4222 Palm oil and its fractions 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 
         0611 Sugars, beet or cane, raw 1.1 1.7 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.5 
         0713 Extracts of coffee and preparations 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 
         1222 Cigarettes 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 
      Agricultural raw materials 5.1 5.4 5.0 4.7 5.3 6.0 5.5 4.5 
         2927 Cut flowers and foliage 4.7 5.2 4.8 4.4 5.0 5.7 5.2 4.2 
   Mining 31.9 30.9 41.2 43.7 37.1 36.7 38.2 38.2 
      Ores and other minerals  0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 
         2882 Non-ferrous base metal waste and scrap 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 
      Non-ferrous metals 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 
         6842 Aluminium and aluminium alloys 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 
      Fuels 31.4 30.3 40.5 43.1 36.3 35.9 37.2 36.9 
         3330 Petroleum oils, crude 20.2 19.1 28.7 30.5 21.1 21.7 18.9 17.9 
         3212 Other coal 7.6 8.5 7.3 6.6 9.4 8.2 10.6 10.5 
         3510 Electric current 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.6 
Manufactures 30.5 31.9 29.6 32.5 39.4 37.8 34.3 37.0 
   Iron and steel 1.8 1.6 1.9 2.4 2.8 3.1 4.0 4.9 
         6715 Other ferro-alloys 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.3 3.2 3.8 
   Chemicals 9.3 10.1 10.2 10.2 11.1 11.2 9.3 9.2 
         5731 Polyvinyl chloride 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 
         5751 Polymers of propylene 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 
         5429 Medicaments, n.e.s. 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.9 
         5912 Fungicides 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 
         5822 Other strip, of plastics 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 
   Other semi-manufactures 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.2 7.5 7.8 7.1 6.6 
         6429 Paper, paperboard, n.e.s. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 
         6612 Cement 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 
         6114 Other bovine leather and e quine leather 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 
   Machinery and transport equipment 3.8 3.9 2.6 4.3 6.7 5.6 3.3 5.4 
      Power-generating machinery 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 
      Other non-electrical machinery 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.0 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
      Office machines and telecommunications 
 equipment 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 
      Other electrical machinery 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.2 
      Automotive products 1.7 1.5 0.6 1.7 3.5 2.8 0.9 2.5 
         7812  Motor vehicles for the transport of 
 persons, n.e.s. 0.3 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.9 1.4 0.3 1.5 
         7821 Motor vehicles for the transport of 
 goods 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.6 
      Other transport equipment 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 
   Textiles 2.5 2.5 2. 0 2.0 2.1 1. 7 1.7 1.9 
   Clothing 3.9 4.0 3.7 4.0 4.6 4.4 4.9 5.2 
   Other consumer goods 3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.4 4.0 4.1 3.8 
Other 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0 4.5 3.4 
   Gold 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 4.5 3.4 
         9710 Gold, non-monetary 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 4.5 3.4 
Source : United Nations Statistics Division ( UNSD), Comtrade database (Standard International Trade Classification, 
SITC Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 Trade Policy Review 
Page 136 
 
 
Table AI.2  
Merchandise imports by product, 1997-2004  
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
  (US$ million) 
Total 15,379 14,677 10,659 11,757 12,820 13,190 13,881 17,100 
  (% of total) 
Total primary products 18.6 18.2 19.6 19.2 17.6 17.4 17.5 16.6 
   Agriculture 13.3 13.7 15.1 14.7 14.0 13.9 13.7 12.6 
      Food 11.1 11.8 12.9 11.9 11.7 11.7 11.2 10.6 
         0449 Other maize 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.9 
         0412 Other wheat 0.1 0.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 
         0813 Oilcake and other solid residues 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 
         2222 Soya beans 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.8 
      Agricultural raw materials 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.0 
   Mining 5.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 3.6 3.5 3.8 4.0 
      Ores and other minerals 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 
      Non-ferrous metals 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 2.0 
         6842 Aluminium and aluminium 
 alloys, worked 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 
         6841 Aluminium and aluminium 
 alloys, unwrought 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 
         6824 Copper wire 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 
      Fuels 2.9 2.1 2.5 2.1 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.6 
         3330 Petroleum oils, crude 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 
Manufactures 79.0 79.4 78.9 80.4 81.1 82.0 81.1 82.3 
   Iron and steel 4.0 4.1 2.6 3.8 3.4 3.2 3.7 4.9 
   Chemicals  17.8 18.6 22.1 23.2 21.7 25.3 22.0 21.6 
         5429 Medicaments, n.e.s. 1.0 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.4 
         5111 Acyclic hydrocarbons 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.4 
         5113 Halogenated derivatives of 
 hydrocarbons 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 
         5711 Polyethylene 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9 
   Other semi-manufactures 7.5 7.0 7.6 7.6 7.0 6.8 6.4 6.4 
         6417 Paper, paperboard 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 
         6252 Tyres, pneumatic, new, of a kind 
 used on buses or lorries 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 
         6251 Tyres, pneumatic, new, of a kind 
 used on motor cars 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 
   Machinery and transport equipment 39.1 38.6 34.5 32.9 37.0 35.4 37.9 38.9 
      Power-generating machinery 3.0 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 
            Other non-electrical machinery 9.6 9.1 9.4 8.4 9.7 7.5 9.4 11.2 
         7283 Machinery (other than machine 
 tools) for processing minerals 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 2.5 
         7284 Machinery, n.e.s. 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 
Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 
 Office machines and telecommunications   
equipment 10.4 12.0 9.6 9.0 9.4 9.6 10.9 10.2 
         7643 Radio transmission apparatus 2.8 4.0 1.8 2.3 2.4 2.7 3.6 3.8 
         7611 Television receive rs 0.4 0.4 0.4 0. 6 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 
         7523 Digital processing units 0.5 0.6 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.7 0.9 
      Other electrical machinery 4.0 4.6 3.6 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.8 
      Automotive products 7.9 6.9 4.1 5.5 5.7 6.8 7.2 8.1 
Table AI.2 (cont'd)Colombia WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 
 Page 137 
 
 
Description 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
         7812 Motor vehicles for the transport 
 of persons, n.e.s. 4.5 3.9 1.8 2.6 2.6 3.8 3.8 4.0 
         7821 Motor vehicles for the transport 
 of goods 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.5 
         7843 Other parts and accessories of the 
motor vehicles of groups 722, 781, 782 and 783 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 
      Other transport equipment 4.1 4.1 6.0 5.0 8.2 7.7 6.4 5.3 
         7924 Aeroplanes and other aircraft 1.2 1.6 1.8 0.4 2.8 3.1 3.5 2.4 
         7929 Parts, n.e.s. (not including tyres, 
engines and electrical parts) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7 
   Textiles 2.9 3.2 3. 9 4.7 4.3 4. 0 3.9 4.0 
   Clothing 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 
   Other consumer goods 7.0 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.2 6.9 6.5 6.0 
Other 2.4 2.4 1.5 0.5 1.3 0.6 1.3 1.1 
   Gold 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
Source : United Nations Statistics Division ( UNSD), Comtrade database (Standard Inte rnational Trade Classification, SITC 
 Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 Trade Policy Review 
Page 138 
 
 
Table AI.3  
Merchandise imports by trading partner, 1997-2004  
(US$ million and per cent) 
 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
  (US$ million) 
World 15,379 14,677 10,659 11,757 12,820 13,190 13,881 17,100 
  (% of total) 
  America 64.0 60.1 66.2 62.9 62.9 59.1 59.3 59.7 
    USA 35.3 32.2 37.3 33.2 34.7 30.7 29.6 28.1 
    Other America 28.7 27.9 28.9 29.7 28.2 28.4 29.7 31.6 
      Canada 3.0 3.5 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.2 
      Brazil 3.3 3.2 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.9 5.5 7.9 
      Venezuela 10.4 8.9 8.1 8.0 6.2 6.0 5.2 6.2 
      Mexico 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.6 5.1 5.4 5.5 
      Ecuador 2.5 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.2 
      Chile 1.6 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.0 
      Argentina 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.9 
  Europe 20.5 22.4 20.1 18.0 19.2 19.3 17.4 15.0 
    EC(25) 18.8 20.5 18.6 16.6 17.5 17.9 15.9 13.9 
      Germany 4.9 5.3 4.7 4.2 4.4 3.9 4.4 4.0 
      Italy 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.1 3.1 2.1 2.1 1.8 
      France and Monaco 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.2 2.7 1.8 2.8 1.7 
      Spain 2.3 3.1 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.6 
      United Kingdom 1.8 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.2 
    EFTA 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.0 
      Switzerland and Liechtenstein 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 
    Other Europe 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 
      Turkey 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
  CISa 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 
      Russian Federation  0.6 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.5 
      Ukraine 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 
  Africa 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.2 
  Middle East 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 
      Israel 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 
  Asia 12.4 13.1 11.9 13.6 14.3 15.2 16.5 18.6 
    China 1.2 1.5 2.1 3.0 3.7 4.0 5.0 7.3 
    Japan 6.2 6.7 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.1 
     Six East Asian Traders 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.3 
      Korea, Republic of 1.9 2.0 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.4 3.0 
      Chinese Taipei 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 
      Thailand 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 
      Malaysia 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 
      Singapore 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 
      Hong Kong, China SAR 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 
    Other Asia 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.0 
      India 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.1 
      Indonesia 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 
  Other 1.6 2.4 0.6 3.7 2.2 4.5 4.9 5.3 
Memorandum:                 
    EC(15) 18.5 20.2 18.2 16.3 17.2 17.6 15.5 13.3 
Andean Community 14.5 12.9 13.5 13.7 10.9 11.0 11.0 10.8 
a The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) comprises Arme nia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Geor gia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, 
 Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan , Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. 
Source : United Nations Statistics Division ( UNSD), Comtrade database (Standard Inte rnational Trade Classification, SITC 
 Rev.3). Colombia WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 
 Page 139 
 
 
Table AI.4  
Merchandise exports by trading partner, 1997-2004 
(US$ million and per cent) 
 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
  (US$ million) 
World 11,549 10,821 11,617 13,158 12,301 11,897 13,092 16,730 
  (% of total) 
  America 68.6 69.7 76.4 80.9 80.2 78.7 77.2 77.0 
    USA 37.9 38.3 50.1 50.4 43.4 44.8 47.1 42.1 
    Other America 30.7 31.4 26.3 30.5 36.7 34.0 30.1 34.9 
      Canada 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.9 
      Venezuela 8.6 10.6 7.9 9.9 14.1 9.4 5.3 9.7 
      Ecuador 4.7 5.3 2.8 3.5 5.7 6.8 5.9 6.0 
      Peru 4.7 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.3 2.9 3.0 3.3 
      Mexico 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.6 2.7 3.1 
      Dominican Republic 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.4 2.6 2.6 
      Chile 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 
      Costa Rica 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.4 
  Europe 24.1 23.8 17.6 14.1 14.8 15.5 16.1 15.5 
    EC(25) 23.2 23.3 17.2 13.9 14.2 13.8 14.5 14.1 
      Netherlands 2.9 2.6 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.1 2.3 2.3 
      Italy 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.2 
      Belgium 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.7 
      United Kingdom 1.9 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.3 1.3 1.4 1.7 
      Germany 6.3 6.3 4.2 3.3 3.4 2.8 2.0 1.6 
    EFTA 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.5 1.5 1.1 1.0 
    Other Europe 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.4 
      Turkey 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 
  CISa 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 
      Russian Federation 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 
  Africa 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.5 
      South Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 
      Morocco 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 
  Middle East 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.8 
      Israel 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 
  Asia 4.5 3.5 3.3 3.0 2.6 3.2 3.7 4.1 
    China 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.8 
    Japan 3.1 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.6 
    Six East Asian Traders 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.4 
      Korea, Republic of 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 
      Chinese Taipei 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 
      Singapore 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 
      Hong Kong, China SAR 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
      Thailand 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
    Other Asia 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 
      Australia 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
      Sri Lanka 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 
  Other 1.2 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.8 
Memorandum:                 
    EC(15) 22.7 22.9 16.9 13.7 14.0 13.7 14.4 13.8 
Andean Community 18.4 19.7 14.2 16.6 22.4 19.5 14.6 19.4 
a The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) comprises Arme nia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Geor gia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, 
 Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan , Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. 
Source : United Nations Statistics Division ( UNSD), Comtrade database (Standard Inte rnational Trade Classification, SITC 
 Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 Trade Policy Review 
Page 140 
 
 
Table AII.1 
Selected notifications to  the WTO, January 2006 
WTO Agreement  Description of requirement Frequency Document 
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 
Article XVIII:C Governmental assistance to 
economic development Ad hoc WT/COMTD/N/8 (30 April 1998) 
Article XXIV:7(a) 
 Customs unions and free-trade 
areas Ad hoc Not yet submitted 
Paragraph 4(a) of  the 
Decision of 28 November 1979 
(L/4903) Enabling clause Ad hoc Not yet submitted 
Decision on Notification Procedures for Quantitative Restrictions 
WTO document G/L/59 Quantitative restrictions Reports every two 
years and notification 
of changes  Not yet submitted 
Agreement on Agriculture 
Article 18.2 Tariff quota administration Comprehensive one-
off notification;  
subsequently 
notification of changes G/AG/N/COL/1 (25 September 1995) 
Article 18.2 Imports subject to tariff quotas On an annual basis G/AG/N/COL/29 (13 May 2005)a 
Article 5.7 Special safeguard On an annual basis G/AG/N/COL/27 (4 May 2005)a 
Article 18.2 and 18.3 Domestic support On an annual basis G/AG/N/COL/30 (20 May 2005)a 
G/AG/N/COL/23 (28 November 2000)a 
Article 18.2 Export subsidies On an annual basis G/AG/N/COL/28 and Add.1 
(12 December 2005)a b 
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 
Annex B. paragraph 3 Enquiry point Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/SPS/ENQ/19 (25 January 2006) 
Annex B. paragraph 10 National no tification authority Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/SPS/NNA/9 (25 January 2006) 
Annex B. paragraphs 5 
and 6  Proposed or emergency measures Before or, in the case 
of urgent problems, 
immediately after the 
measure is taken G/SPS/N/COL/1-105 (27 January 2006)b 
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 
Articles 2, 3, 5 and 7 Proposed and adopted technical 
regulations Before or, in the case 
of urgent problems, 
immediately after the 
measure is taken G/TBT/N/COL/1-75 (12 January 2006)b 
Article 10.1 and 10.3 Enquiry point Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/TBT/ENQ/26 (7 March 2005) 
Article 15.2 Implementation and 
administration measures Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/TBT/2/Add.18/Rev.1 (5 July 2005) 
Article 10.7 Agreements relating to technical 
regulations, standards or 
conformity assessment procedures Ad hoc G/TBT/10.7/N/32 and 33 
(4 September 2001) 
Paragraph C of the Code of 
Good Practice for the 
Preparation, Adoption and 
Application of Standards  Standardizing bodies that have 
accepted the Code Once only and when 
withdrawing from the 
Code G/TBT/CS/N/19 (28 November 1995) 
Paragraph J of the Code of 
Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption and 
Application of Standards Work programme of bodies that 
have accepted the Code On a semi-annual 
basis Not yet submitted 
Table AII.1 (cont'd)Colombia WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 
 Page 141 
 
 
WTO Agreement  Description of requirement Frequency Document 
Agreement on Trade-Related In vestment Measures (TRIMS) 
Article 5.1 TRIMS that are not in conformity 
with the provisions of the 
Agreement Once only G/TRIMS/N/1/COL/1-3 (10 June 2004)b 
Article 6.2 Publications in which TRIMS 
may be found Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/TRIMS/N/2/Rev.9 (28 September 2001) 
Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 (Anti-Dumping Agreement) 
Article 16.4 Anti-dumping actions On a semi-annual 
basis G/ADP/N/139/COL (25 January 2006)a 
Article 16.5 Investigating authority Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/ADP/N/14/Add.3 (20 January 1997) 
Article 18.5 Laws and regulations Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/ADP/N/1/COL/1 (3 April 1995) 
Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of  the GATT 1994 (Agreement on Customs Valuation) 
Article 22.2 and Decision 
of the WTO Committee on 
Customs Valuation (12 May 1995) Legislation Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/VAL/N/1/COL/1 (23 January 2001) 
Decision of the WTO 
Committee on Customs 
Valuation (12 May 1995) Responses to the checklist of 
issues Once only G/VAL/N/2/COL/1 (24 January 2001) 
Article 20.1 Special provisions available to 
developing country Members 
(delayed application of the 
Agreement) Once only WT/Let/1/Rev.2 (22 May 1995) 
Article 20.2 Special provisions available to 
developing country Members (delayed application of specified 
provisions) Once only WT/Let/1/Rev.2 (22 May 1995) 
Annex III. paragraph 2 Special provisions available to 
developing country Members (use 
of minimum values) Once only G/VAL/N/4/COL/1-4 (21 May 2003)b 
Annex III. paragraph 3 Special provisions available to 
developing country Members (reversal of the order of Articles 5 
and 6) Once only WT/Let/1/Rev.2 (22 May 1995) 
Annex III. paragraph 4 Special provisions available to 
developing country Members 
(reservation with respect to paragraph 2 of Article 5) Once only WT/Let/1/Rev.2 (22 May 1995) 
Agreement on Preshipment Inspection 
Article 5 Laws and regulations Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/PSI/N/1/Add.2 (26 July 1995) 
Agreement on Rules of Origin 
Article 5.1 Non-preferential rules of origin Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes Not yet submitted 
Annex II. paragraph 4 Preferential rules of origin Ad hoc G/RO/N/12 (1 October 1996) 
Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures 
Article 2.2 (footnote 5) Dela yed application of certain 
provisions relating to automatic 
import licensing procedures Ad hoc WT/Let/1/Rev.2 (22 May 1995) 
Article 1.4(a) and 
Article 8.2(b)  Laws and regulations;  rules and 
information concerning 
procedures for the submission of applications Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/LIC/N/1/COL/1 and Add.1 
(14 February 2001)b 
Article 7.3 Questionnaire On an annual basis G/LIC/N/3/COL/3 (20 October 2005)a 
Table AII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 Trade Policy Review 
Page 142 
 
 
WTO Agreement  Description of requirement Frequency Document 
Agreement on Subsidies a nd Countervailing Measures 
Article 25.2 Subsidies  Every three years 
(updating notifications in the two intervening 
years) G/SCM/N/123/COL and 
G/SCM/N/128/COL (5 July 2005) 
Article 25.11 Actions taken with respect to 
countervailing duties On a semi-annual 
basis G/SCM/N/113/Add.1/Rev.2 
(19 October 2005) 
Article 25.12 Investigating authority and 
domestic procedures governing 
investigations Once only G/SCM/N/18/Add.3 (20 January 1997) 
Article 32.6 Laws and regulations Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/SCM/N/1/COL/1 (3 April 1995) 
Agreement on Safeguards 
Article 12.1(a) Investigation Once only, upon 
initiating an investigatory process 
relating to serious 
injury or threat thereof  G/SG/N/6/COL/1-3 (10 May 2005)b 
Decision of the Committee 
on Safeguards of 
6 November 1995 Investigation Once only, where a 
safeguard 
investigation is terminated with no safeguard measure 
imposed G/SG/N/9/COL/1-3 (10 May 2005)
b 
Article 12.6 Laws and regulations Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/SG/N/1/COL/1-2 (25 May 1998)b 
Article 12.7 Measures in force on 
1 January 1995 Once only G/SG/N/2/COL (28 March 1995) 
General Agreement on Trade in Services 
Article III:4 Enquiry points Once only S/ENQ/15 (14 August 1996) 
Article V:7(a) Economic integration agreements Once only Not yet submitted 
Article VII:4 Recognition arrangements  Ad hoc S/C/N/21 (9 September 1996) 
Agreement on Text iles and Clothing 
Article 2.6 and 
Article 2.7(b) Integration of products into the 
GATT 1994 Once only G/TMB/N/55 (28 April 1995) 
Article 2.8(c) and 
Article 2.11 Integration of products into the 
GATT 1994 Once only G/TMB/N/483 (6 August 2004) 
Article 6.1 Transitional safeguard Once only G/TMB/N/10 (1 March 1995) 
Article 6.9 Transitional safeguard Ad  hoc G/TMB/N/143 (21 February 1996) 
G/TMB/N/176 (13 June 1996) 
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of  Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) 
Article 63.2 Laws and regulations Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes IP/N/1/COL/1 (14 August 2000) 
IP/N/1/COL/C/1-4 (19 July 2000)b 
IP/N/1/COL/I/1-3 (30 October 2000)b 
IP/N/1/COL/P/1-4 (19 July 2000)b 
Article 69 Contact points Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes IP/N/3 (14 February 1996) 
Decision of the Council for 
TRIPS of 21 November 1995 
(IP/C/5) Checklist of issues on 
enforcement Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes IP/N/6/COL/1 and Add.1 
(24 November 2000) 
Article 4(d) International agreements relating 
to the protection of intellectual 
property Ad hoc IP/N/4/COL/1 (19 August 1997) 
Table AII.1 (cont'd)Colombia WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 
 Page 143 
 
 
WTO Agreement  Description of requirement Frequency Document 
International Bovine Meat Agreement 
Article III.3 Information on domestic policies 
and trade measures in the bovine 
sector Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes IMA/INV/4/Rev.1 (10 June 1996) 
a Regular notifications - refers onl y to the most recent notification. 
b Refers only to the date of the most recent document. 
Source : WTO Secretariat  WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 Trade Policy Review 
Page 144 
 
 
Table AII.2 
Status of WTO dispute settlement pro ceedings involving Colombia, 1995-2005 
Subject of dispute Against/raised by Statusª References 
Safeguard measure against 
imports of broom corn brooms United States/Colombia  Request for consultations (April 1997);  
no panel established nor settlement 
notified WT/DS78/1 
Tax on goods and services 
from Colombia and Honduras Nicaragua/Colombia Establishment of panel (May 2000) WT/DS188/1-2 
Safeguard measures on sugar Chile/Colombia Request for consultations (March 2001);  
This request was replaced by that in 
dispute WT/DS230 WT/DS228/1-6 
Safeguard measures and 
modification of schedules 
regarding sugar Chile/Colombia Request for consultations (April 2001);  
no panel established nor settlement 
notified WT/DS230/1-6 
Safeguard measure on imports 
of plain polyester filaments 
 Colombia/Thailand Withdrawal of the panel request 
(October 1999) WT/DS181/1 
Regime for the importation, 
sale and distribution of 
bananas European Union/Ecuador, 
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico 
and United Statesb Request for consultations by Honduras, 
Panama and Nicaragua (Article 21.5) 
(November-December 2005) WT/DS27/1-64 
WT/DS27/R/ECU 
WT/DS27/AB/R WT/DS27/RW/ECU WT/DS27/ARB/ECU 
Import prohibition of certain 
shrimp and shrimp products United States/India, Malaysia, 
Pakistan, Thailandb Circulation of Appellate Body report 
(Article 21.5) (October 2001) WT/DS58/1-23 
WT/DS58/AB/RW 
WT/DS58/RW 
WT/DS58/AB/R 
WT/DS58/R 
Patent protection of 
pharmaceutical products Canada/European Unionb Circulation of arbitration report provided 
for in Article 21.3(c) (August 2000) WT/DS114/1-13 
WT/DS114/R 
Sections 301-310 of the Trade Act of 1974 United States/European Unionb Circulation of panel report 
(December 1999) WT/DS152/1-14 
WT/DS152/R 
Measures relating to the 
protection of trademarks and geographical indications for 
agricultural products  and 
foodstuffs European Union/United States, 
Australiab Agreement provided for in 
Article 21.3(b) of the DSU between the European Union, Australia and the 
United States (June 2005) WT/DS174/1-25 
WT/DS290/1-23 WT/DS174/R 
WT/DS290/R 
Price band system and 
safeguard measures relating to 
certain agricultural products Chile/Argentinab Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by 
Argentina:  request for consultations (May 2004) and request for the 
establishment of a panel 
(December 2005) WT/DS207/1-18 
WT/DS207/AB/R 
WT/DS207/R 
Trade description of sardines European Union/Perub Notification of mutua lly agreed solution 
(July 2003) WT/DS231/1-18 
WT/DS231/AB/R 
WT/DS231/R 
Import procedures for fresh fruit Turkey/Ecuadorb Notification of mutua lly agreed solution 
(November 2002) WT/DS237/1-4 
Conditions for the granting of 
tariff preferences to developing countries European Union/Indiab Circulation of arbitration report provided 
for in Article 21.3(c) WT/DS246/1-16 
WT/DS246/AB/R WT/DS246/R 
Export subsidies on sugar European Union/Australiab Circulation of arbitration report provided 
for in Article 21.3(c) WT/DS265/1-34 
WT/DS266/1-34 
WT/DS283/1-15 WT/DS265/AB/R 
WT/DS266/AB/R 
WT/DS283/AB/R 
WT/DS265/R 
Measures affecting the 
approval and marketing of 
biotech products European Union/United States, 
Canada and Argentinab Establishment of panel (August 2003) WT/DS291/1-30 
WT/DS292/1-24 
WT/DS293/1-24 
a Updated to 31 January 2006. b Colombia reserved the right to participate as a third party. 
Source : WTO Secretariat Colombia WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 
 Page 145 
 
 
Table AII.3 
Main proposals and submissions by Colombia within the framework of the Doha Work Programme, August 2006a 
Negotiating area Selected issues  WTO document symbol (date) 
Non-agricultural market 
access Options for developing countries;  remarks concerning negotiating 
modalities;  state trading enterprise s;  treatment of non-reciprocal 
preferences;  export competition TN/MA/W/36, 45, 50, 76 
(21/06/2006)b 
G/AG/NG/W/9, 11, 43, 54, 64, 93, 
104, 161, 162 (06/04/2001)b 
Agriculture The cotton situation in Colombia and comments on the proposed 
modalities for cotton under the mandate of the Hong Kong 
Ministerial Decision;  proposals on modalities and implementation 
for the fullest liberalization of tropical and alternative products TN/AG/SCC/GEN/5 (03/05/2006) 
TN/AG/GEN/19 (08/06/2006) 
Trade-related aspects of intellectual property 
rights Multilateral system for notification and registration of geographical 
indications for wines and spirits;  the outstanding implementation 
issue on the relationship between the TRIPS Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity TN/IP/W/5 (23/10/2002) 
WT/GC/W/564/Rev.2, 
TN/C/W/41/Rev.2, IP/C/W/474 (05/07/2006) 
Trade and environment Relationship between existing WTO rules and specific trade 
obligations set out in multilateral environmental agreements TN/TE/W/43 (25/08/2004) 
Trade facilitation Links between the elem ents of Annex D of the Doha Work 
Programme;  relationship between  the rules and the needs and 
priorities of Members;  technical assistance and capacity-building in 
the light of Members' needs and prio rities and the rules;  special and 
differential treatment TN/TF/W/41 (2/06/2005) 
Rules:  Anti-dumping Determination of injury;  de minimis dumping margins;  negligible 
imports;  definition of domestic industry;  issues relating to the 
initiation and completion of investigations;  comparison at the "same level of trade";  model matching;  is sues relating to affiliated parties;  
facts available;  the lesser duty ru le;  price undertakings;  prohibition 
on zeroing;  determination of nor mal value;  reviews;  fair 
comparison;  lesser duty;  sunset;  concerns of developing countries TN/RL/GEN/1-2, 8-10, 18-20, 23-
24, 27-28, 30-31, 38 (23/03/2005)b 
TN/RL/W/6, 10, 18, 28-29, 31, 46, 
48, 63, 76, 93, 113, 118-119, 146, 
150, 158, 171 (15/02/2005)b 
Rules:  Fisheries 
subsidies Progress made;  next steps;  need fo r textual proposals TN/RL/W/196 (22/11/2005) 
Services Initial offer TN/S/O/COL (18/09/2003) 
 Negotiating procedures;  identif ying and negotiating classification 
criteria;  categories of natural persons for commitments under 
mode 4;  mode 4 liberalization;  implementation of Article IV of the 
GATS;  implementation of the object ives of Articles IV and XIX:2 
of the GATS (Negotiation of Speci fic Commitments);  credit for 
autonomous trade liberalization measures adopted by developing 
countries S/CSS/W/13, 89, 130 (30/11/2001) 
TN/S/W/7, 14, 16, 19, 31 
(18/02/2005) 
 Telecommunications services;  distribution services;  environmental 
services;  tourism and travel-related services;  maritime transport 
services;  air transport services;  financial services;  provision of services through movement of natura l persons;  professional services S/CSS/W/96-98, 119-124 
(27/11/2001) 
TN/S/W/23 (29/09/2004) 
Various Elements needed to bring the negotiation to a fruitful conclusion;  
development issues;  agriculture;  non-agricultural market access;  
services;  rules;  Singapore issues;  Dispute Settlement Understanding;  TRIPS and public health TN/C/W/13 (06/06/2003) 
a Exclusive of proposals in restricted documents. 
b Refers only to the date of the most recent document. 
Source : WTO Secretariat WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 Trade Policy Review 
Page 146 
 
 
Table AII.4 
Complaints filed against Colombia with the Court of Justice of the Andean Community 
Subject of complaint Complainant Court ruling 
(date of 
judgment)  Observations Reference 
Introduction of corrective measures and 
restrictions on imports of oleaginous products from the Andean Community SGCA Finding of 
infringement (07/02/2006) None 117-AI-04 
Restrictions applied to the regional rice trade SGCA Finding of 
infringement 
(14/04/2005) Colombia submitted its 
defence against the 
charge formulated by the Court of Justice 
(March 2006) 118-AI-03 
Measures on the protection of undisclosed 
information relating to test data for the sanitary 
registration of pharmaceutical products Merck Colombia, 
Frosst 
Laboratories Inc, Schering 
Colombiana, 
Boehringer Ingelheim, Glaxo 
Smithkline, Parke 
Davis Withdrawal of 
complainants None 22-AI-02 
Approval and ratification of the Patent 
Cooperation Treaty by the Government of Colombia César Moyano 
Bonilla Complaint declared 
inadmissible None 75-AI-01 
Application of the most-favoured-nation clause 
to imports from Peru by means of the preferences granted in the trade agreements 
concluded with Mexico (G-3) and Chile SGCA Finding of 
infringement (22/11/2001) Infringement ceased 32-AI-01 
Application of the Andean price band system 
to imports from Peru SGCA Finding of 
infringement 
(14/07/2003) Infringement ceased 25-AI-01 
List of exceptions to the common external 
tariff SGCA Finding of 
infringement (24/10/2001) Infringement ceased 26-AI-01 
Unilateral restraint in the application of 
additional variable duties to the Andean price 
band system for a group of products SGCA Finding of 
infringement 
(08/08/2001) Infringement ceased 74-AI-00 
Collection of implic it value-added tax on 
imports from the Andean Community SGCA Finding of 
infringement 
(24/04/2002) Infringement ceased 53-AI-00 
Imports of used vehicles SGCA Complaint rejected 
(14/03/2001) None 26-AI-00 
Conditions for the free tr ansit of authorized 
vehicles and cargo units equipped and registered for the international transport of 
goods by road SGCA Finding of 
infringement (24/11/2000) Infringement continues 16-AI-00 
Difference between the national tariff and the 
common external tariff, for subheadings 
7213910010 and 7213910020 SGCA Withdrawal of 
complainant 
(13/10/1999) None 27-AI-99 
Measures preventing or hindering imports of 
spirits and liquors from the Andean 
Community SGCA Finding of 
infringement 
(08/12/1998) Infringement continues 3-AI-97 
Automatic remedial duties on imports of sugar 
originating in Venezuela Venezuela Complaint 
dismissed (16/10/1997) None 4-AI-96 
Note: SGCA:  General Secretariat of the Andean Community 
Source : WTO Secretariat, on the basis of  data provided by the General Secr etariat of the Andean Community. Colombia WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 
 Page 147 
 
 
Table AIII.1 
Tariff rates by preferential agreement, 2006 
(per cent)  
Product description No. of 
lines MFN Andean
Comm.Argentina Brazil CARICOM Chile Mexico Paraguay Uruguay
Total 6,993 12.0 0.0 7.7 7.0 9.5 0.6 1.2 6.7 6.9 
HS Chapters 01-24 989 17.5 0.0 10.2 10.5 10.2 4.1 7.2 10.1 10.2 
HS Chapters 25-97 6,004 11.0 0.0 7.3 6.4 9.4 0.0 0.3 6.1 6.4 
By WTO category           
Agricultural products 940 16.5 0.0 9.3 9.6 10.1 4.4 7.7 9.3 9.4 
Animals and animal products 106 23.6 0.0 15.4 16.6 14.4 11.6 14.0 16.5 14.5 
Dairy produce 34 21.3 0.0 15.3 16.8 20.3 16.1 18.5 15.9 14.5 
Coffee and tea, cocoa, sugar, 
etc. 171 17.2 0.0 10.2 10.9 8.0 2.6 8.3 10.4 11.0 
Cut flowers, plants 53 8.4 0.0 2.2 2.2 5.6 0.2 1.5 3.3 2.6 
Fruit and vegetables 213 17.7 0.0 8.7 8.7 7.6 0.7 6.3 8.4 9.0 
Cereals 36 20.8 0.0 12.1 12.0 20.7 13.7 16.4 12.2 12.3 
Oilseeds, oils and fats and 
products thereof 98 15.3 0.0 9.4 9.5 14.5 11.5 10.9 9.4 9.9 
Beverages and spirits 52 18.8 0.0 11.9 12.2 5.5 0.5 2.9 11.0 12.3 
Tobacco 12 16.7 0.0 10.8 10.9 7.5 1.7 16.7 7.3 11.6 
Other agricultural products 
n.e.s. 165 10.1 0.0 4.4 4.4 8.5 0.6 2.1 4.3 4.4 
Non-agricultural products 
(including petroleum) 6,053 11.3 0.0 7.5 6.5 9.4 0.0 0.2 6.2 6.6 
Non-agricultural products 
(excluding petroleum) 6,024 11.3 0.0 7.5 6.6 9.4 0.0 0.2 6.2 6.6 
Fish and fish products 141 18.5 0.0 12.0 12.3 8.8 0.0 0.0 10.6 11.2 
Mineral products, 
precious stones/metals 374 10.0 0.0 6.6 5.4 8.2 0.0 0.1 5.5 5.6 
Metals 706 10.0 0.0 7.2 5.9 9.0 0.0 0.0 5.8 6.4 
Chemicals and 
photographic goods 1,422 7.4 0.0 4.2 2.9 6.3 0.0 0.1 3.1 3.1 
Leather, rubber, footwear 
and travel goods 211 13.1 0.0 9.0 7.4 11.7 0.0 0.6 8.3 9.4 
Wood, wood pulp, paper 
and furniture 325 12.9 0.0 8.6 8.4 9.2 0.1 0.0 7.2 8.3 
Textiles and clothing 942 18.3 0.0 13.3 13.1 15.1 0.0 0.1 10.7 11.9 
Transport equipment 193 14.2 0.0 9.7 10.1 13.6 0.2 4.3 10.5 9.9 
Non-electrical machinery759 9.1 0.0 5.7 4.6 8.1 0.0 0.1 5.0 4.8 
Electrical machinery 406 10.2 0.0 6.3 5.7 8.6 0.0 0.2 5.8 5.8 
Non-agricultural 
products n.e.s. 545 10.9 0.0 7.0 5.7 9.7 0.0 0.0 5.6 5.8 
Petroleum 29 10.0 0.0 4.0 1.9 1.6 0.1 0.0 5.8 2.3 
By International Standard 
Industrial Classification 
(ISIC) sectora           
Agriculture and fishing 400 11.9 0.0 4.7 4.7 7.5 1.4 2.5 4.4 4.8 
Mining 113 5.3 0.0 3.4 2.2 4.7 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.6 
Manufacturing  6,479 12.1 0.0 8.0 7.2 9.7 0.6 1.2 6.9 7.2 
By HS Chapter           
01 Live animals;  animal 
products 268 20.7 0.0 13.3 14.2 12.9 5.7 7.2 13.3 12.4 
02 Vegetable products  378 14.6 0.0 6.2 6.1 9.1 2.5 5.7 6.2 6.5 
03 Fats and oils 62 17.3 0.0 11.4 11.5 17.0 13.0 12.3 11.4 11.5 
04 Food preparations, etc. 281 18.4 0.0 12.3 12.7 7.5 2.9 8.0 11.9 12.9 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 Trade Policy Review 
Page 148 
 
 
Product description No. of 
lines MFN Andean
Comm.Argentina Brazil CARICOM Chile Mexico Paraguay Uruguay
05 Mineral products 194 6.2 0.0 3.5 2.2 4.2 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.6 
06 Products of the chemical 
or allied industries 1,340 6.6 0.0 3.5 2.1 5.3 0.1 0.1 2.5 2.4 
07 Plastics and rubber 298 13.2 0.0 9.1 7.7 12.7 0.0 0.6 8.0 9.2 
08 Raw hides and skins and 
 leather 80 12.1 0.0 8.1 8.0 9.3 0.0 0.0 6.6 7.7 
09 Wood and articles of wood 98 12.3 0.0 8.4 8.4 8.2 0.1 0.1 7.1 8.3 
10 Pulp of wood, paper, etc. 204 12.6 0.0 8.3 7.9 10.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 7.9 
11 Textiles and textile articles 930 18.1 0.0 13.1 13.0 15.0 0.0 0.1 10.6 11.8 
12 Footwear and headgear, 
etc. 58 18.8 0.0 14.0 13.9 14.6 0.0 0.0 13.6 14.4 
13 Articles of stone 163 13.8 0.0 9.2 7.6 11.0 0.0 0.2 8.2 7.7 
14 Precious stones, etc. 57 11.1 0.0 7.3 6.8 10.1 0.0 0.0 5.8 6.7 
15 Base metals and articles of 
base metal  690 10.4 0.0 7.6 6.2 9.3 0.0 0.0 6.1 6.7 
16 Machinery and mechanical 
appliances 1,199 9.4 0.0 5.8 4.9 8.2 0.0 0.1 5.2 5.1 
17 Vehicles, aircraft, vessels 
and associated transport 
equipment 205 14.1 0.0b 9.5 9.9 13.5 0.2 4.0 10.2 9.7 
18 Precision instruments  303 6.9 0.0 4.2 2.4 6.8 0.0 0.0 2.7 2.6 
19 Arms and ammunition 28 18.2 0.0 12.8 12.8 18.2 0.0 0.0 10.6 12.4 
20 Miscellaneous 
manufactured articles 150 17.9 0.0 12.1 11.2 13.7 0.1 0.0 10.5 11.2 
21 Works of art, etc. 7 20.0 0.0 14.0 5.0 17.1 0.0 0.0 11.6 7.8 
By stage of processing           
First stage of processing 811 11.6 0.0 5.7 5.3 7.4 1.1 2.8 5.2 5.4 
Semi-processed products  2,346 10.0 0.0 6.6 5.7 8.9 0.2 0.3 5.2 5.7 
Fully processed products  3,836 13.2 0.0 8.8 8.0 10.3 0.8 1.5 7.8 8.0 
a ISIC (Rev.2), other than  electricity (one line). 
b Applicable under the automotiv e sector agreement between Colombia, Ve nezuela and Ecuador. 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, on the basis of data provided by the authorities. Colombia WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 
 Page 149 
 
 
Table AIII.2 
VAT rates according to the Tax Code, July 2006 
Rate Examples of products 
2 Subheadings 01.02, 01.03, 01.04, 01.05, 01.06, 03.01, 03.01.10.00.00.  Live animals 
10 01.01 horses, asses, etc.;  06.02.20.00.00 seedlings for sowing;   09.01 coffee, roasted/decaffe inated;  grains and cereals u nder 
10.01, 10.02, 10.04,  10.05, 10.06, 10.07, 0.08;  flour, starch es and gluten under 11.01, 11.02, 11.07, 11.08;  11.09 12.01.00. 90;  
soya beans and other seeds under 12.07.10.90, 12.09.99.90.00;  palm oils under 15.11.10.00.00;  16.01 sausages and similar 
products, of meat;  16.02 other preparations;  16.04 tinned tuna  and sardines;  17.01 cane or beet sugar;  17.02.30.20.00, 
17.02.30.90.00, 17.02.40.20.00, 17.02. 60.00.00 syrups and other fructose;  17.03 molasses;  18.03, 18.05  cocoa;  18.06 
chocolate/other preparations;  19.01,  19.02.11.00.00, 19.02.19.00.00, 19.05 bread, pa stry, cakes, biscuits and other bakers' 
wares;  23.09 preparations used in animal  feeding;  24.01 tobacco;  27.02, 27.03 li gnite;  27.09.00.00.00 pe troleum oils and oi ls 
obtained from bituminous minerals, crude;  52.01, 53.08.90.00.00 fi bres of cotton and other;  53.11.00.00.00 woven fabrics of 
paper yarn;  84.14.80.21.00 ai r or vacuum pumps;  84.14.80.22.00  air/vacuum pumps, with filter, of a power of 30kw (40hp) or 
more, but not exceeding 262.5kw (352hp);  84.14.80.23.00 air or vacuum pumps, etc.;  84.18.69.11.00 compression type units;  
84.19.39.10.00 dryers;  84.19.50.10.00 pasteurizers;  84.21.11.00. 00 cream separators;  84.21.22.00.00 filtering apparatus;  
84.32 agricultural machinery and other;  84.34 dairy machinery;   84.36 other poultry-keeping machinery;  84.38 machinery for 
the preparation or manufacture of food, other than that of su bheading 84.38.10;  84.85.10.00.00 ships' or boats' propellers and  
blades therefor, etc. 
11 Beer.  With the exception of the Archipelago of  San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina 
16 General rate 
25a (a) Motor vehicles for the transport of persons, with an engine  capacity of up to 1,400 cc, manufactured and assembled in the 
country, other than motor vehicles to which the general rate is  applied (provided for in Article 469 of the Tax Code);  jeeps 
manufactured or assembled in the country and imported jeeps w ith an f.o.b. value not exceed ing US$30,000;  imported motor 
vehicles with a cylinder capacity not exceeding 1,400 cc. (b) Motor vehicles for the transport of goods of heading 87.04,  of a gross vehicle weight of less than 10,000 American pounds;  
Motor vehicles for the transport of goods, of a gro ss vehicle weight of 10,000 American pounds or more. 
(c) Chassis fitted with engines of headi ng 87.06 and bodies (inc luding cabs) of heading 87.07, pr ovided that both are intended for 
the vehicles under (a) and (b) above. 
(d) Motorcycles and motorbikes  manufactured or assembled in the country with an engine capacity exceeding 185 cc. 
(e) Vessels for pleasure or sports of heading 89.03, manufactured or assembled in the country. 
35 Motor vehicles of headings 87.02, 87.03 and 87.04 are subject to a rate of 35 per cent in the importation and sale carried o ut by 
the importer, producer or trader.  This does not include  motor vehicles that are subject to other rates. 
Imported motorcycles and motorbikes,  imported jeeps with an  f.o.b. value exceeding US$30,000,  chassis fitted with cabs of 
heading 87.04, chassis fitted with engines of heading 87.06, bodies (including cabs) of heading 87.07, provided that all are 
destined for motor vehicles subject to the 35 per cent rate;  also, non-powered aircraft of heading 88.01 and private service 
aircraft, and imported vessels for pl easure or sports of heading 89.03. 
22.08 Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alc oholic strength by volume of less than 80% vol;  spirits, liqueurs and other spirituou s 
beverages;  compound alcoholic preparations of a kind used for the manufacture of beverages, other than "sabajón" (Colombian 
egg liqueur) and punch – cream li queurs and aperitifs with less than 20 degrees of alcohol. 
38b Motor vehicles for private use, with an f.o.b. value of US$40,000 or more. 
a Article 39 of Law No. 788 of 2002 established that from 1 Ju ly 2005, the goods listed in paragraph 3 of Article 471 of the Ta x 
Code would be subject to a rate of 25 per cent. 
b Article 39 of Law No. 788 of 2002 established that from 1 Ja nuary 2003, the goods listed in paragraph 4 of Article 471 of the  
Tax Code would be subject to a rate of 38 per cent. 
Source : Prepared by the Secretariat on the basis of Titl e V of the Tax Code (http://www.secretariasenado. 
 gov.co/leyes/ET.HTM) WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 Trade Policy Review 
Page 150 
 
 
Table AIII.3 
General aspects of intellectua l property right protection, 2006 
Coverage Term of protection Selected exclusions and limitations Legislation 
Copyright and related rights    
Copyright:  protection extends to all
literary and artistic works, of any 
genre, form of expression or purpose, including computer programs and original databases. 
 
   Related rights:  protection extends to artistic performances, 
phonographic productions and radio
broadcasts.  Lifetime of the author plus 
80 years in the case of natural 
persons.  If the holder is a legal 
person, 50 years from the time of 
publication.   
 
 
The same term applies to holders 
of related rights. Ideas, processes, operating methods or 
mathematical concepts as  such are excluded.  
Exceptions and limitations provided for by the law include legal provisions, judicial decisions,agreements and other regulations;  a 
work may be cited through transcription of the 
necessary passages, as long as the source and the author's name are i ndicated;  a work may be 
reproduced by reprographic means for educational purposes. 
 
Related rights:  exceptions include the making of ephemeral recordings by broadcasting organizations. Law No.23 Copyright, 
28 January 1982, as amended by 
Law No.44 of 5 February 1993;  Decision No.351, Common Regime on Copyright and Related Rights, 
17 December 1993 
Any invention, whether a product 
or a process, in all fields of 
technology, provided that it is new, 
involves an inventive step, and is capable of industrial application.  20 years from filing date of 
application;  non-extendable. Discoveries, scientific theories and 
mathematical methods;  living things, 
biological processes or biological material such 
as exists in nature or which is able to be separated, including the genome or germplasm of any living thing;  literary and artistic works;  plans, rules and methods for the pursuit of intellectual activities, games or economic and 
business activities;  computer programmes and 
software;  methods for presenting information;  inventions whose commercial exploitation must be prevented in order to protect public order or morality, human or animal health or life, or plant life or the environment;  plants, animals and essentially biological processes for the 
production of plants and animals other than 
non-biological or microbiological processes;  therapeutic or surgical methods for the treatment of humans or animals, as well as diagnostic methods applied to human beings or animals. Decision No.486, Common 
Industrial Property Regime, 
14 September 2000, in effect since 
1 December 2000; Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, Law No.178 of 1994; Patent Cooperation Treaty -PCT, 
Law No.463 of 1998 
Industrial designs    
Any particular new appearance of a 
product that results from any arrangement of lines or combination of colours, or any two-
dimensional or three-dimensional 
outward shape, outline, form, texture or material, without the intended use or purpose of the said product being thereby changed. 10 years from filing date of 
application;  non-extendable. Industrial designs whose commercial 
exploitation must be prevented in order to protect morality or public order;  industrial designs whose appearance was dictated entirely 
by technical considerations without 
incorporating any arbitrary contribution by the designer;  industrial designs that consist only of a form which is necessary in order to permit the mechanical assembly or connection of the product incorporating the design with another 
product of which it is a part. Decision No.486, Common 
Industrial Property Regime, 14 September 2000,  in effect  since 
1 December 2000; 
Paris Convention for the Protection 
of Industrial Property, Law No.178 of 1994 
Utility models     
Any new form or arrangement of 
elements of any object that enables 
it to function differently or that 
gives it a technical use that it did not previously have. 10 years from filing date of 
application;  non-extendable. In addition to the exclusions listed for patents:  
three-dimensional works, architectural works 
and objects of a purely aesthetic nature and 
processes.  Decision No.486, Common 
Industrial Property Regime, 
14 September 2000, in effect since 
December 2000; Patent Cooperation Treaty -PCT, Law No.463 of 1998 
Layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits   
Original layout-designs which are 
the result of their creators' own 
intellectual effort and which are not commonplace in the integrated circuit industry (although they could be an original combination of 
elements that are commonplace in 
the sector). 10 years from the date when the 
layout-design was first exploited 
anywhere in the world or the date of application.  Protection shall lapse 15 years from the last day of the year in which it was 
created. None Decision No.486 of 2000 
Table AIII.3 (cont'd)Colombia WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 
 Page 151 
 
 
Coverage Term of protection Selected exclusions and limitations Legislation 
Trademarks    
A trademark is any sign serving to 
distinguish products or services in the market.  Signs that are capable 
of graphic representation are 
eligible for registration as trademarks.  A marketing slogan is a word or phrase used to complement a trademark.  10 years from date of issue;  
extendable for periods of ten years. 
The validity of a slogan is 
subject to the validity of the 
trademark and exte ndable for the 
same period.  Signs that are the generic or technical name of a 
product or service;  signs that are likely to mislead commercial circle s or the public as to 
the nature, origin, method of manufacture or 
characteristics of the products concerned; signs which consist of a geographical indication;  signs which consist of the name of a protected plant variety;  signs which are contrary to morality or public order or which violate the 
rights of third parties. Decision No.486 of 2000 
  Absolute grounds 
Lack distinctiveness  
Usual forms 
Forms which provide a functional advantage Descriptive expressions Generic expressions Isolated colour  Morality, public order, proper practice 
Misleading 
Protected appellation of origin National symbols, names and acronyms of States Signs conforming to technical standards Protected plant variety 
Sign identical or similar to previous trademark
Sign identical or similar to trade name Sign identical or similar to marketing slogan Sign identical or similar to well-known trademark Name of someone other than the holder or which affects the latter 
Sign which infringes the industrial property 
right or the copyright of a third party without its consent  Names of indigenous, Afro-American or local communities, names of their products or expressions of their culture, unless presented by 
them or with their consent.  
Appellations of origin    
An "appellation of origin" is a 
geographical indication consisting of the name of a country, a region 
or a particular place or of a name 
which, without being that of a country, a region or a particular place, relates to a particular geographical area, serving to designate a product originating 
therein whose quality, reputation or 
other characteristics are due exclusively or essentially to the geographical environment in which it is produced, including natural and human factors. Shall be subject to the continuing 
existence, in the opinion of the competent national body, of the 
conditions on which it was 
based.  This body may declare the period of validity terminated if such conditions have not been maintained.  However, interested parties may apply for it again if 
they consider that the conditions 
for protection have been restored, without prejudice to the administrative remedies provided for in the national legislation of the member countries. 
 Authorization to use a protected 
appellation of origin shall be given for a term of 10 years and may be renewed for successive 
10-year periods, in accordance 
with the procedure for the renewal of established trademarks. The use of appellations of origin in connection 
with natural, agricultural, handicraft or industrial products from member countries is 
reserved exclusively for the producers, 
manufacturers and craftsmen whose production or manufacturing establishments are in the town or region of the member country designated or evoked by the appellation in question.  
Only producers, manufacturers or craftsmen 
authorized to use a regi stered appellation of 
origin shall be able to use with it the expression 
"APPELLATION OF ORIGIN". 
 
 Member countries may not prevent continued 
and similar use of an appellation of origin of another country, identifying wines and spirits in connection with goods and services, by any 
of their nationals who have used that 
geographical indication continuously with regard to the same or related goods or services within the territory of the respective member country for at least ten years prior to 15 April 1994 or, in good faith, prior to that 
date. Decision No.486 of 2000 
Table AIII.3 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 Trade Policy Review 
Page 152 
 
 
Coverage Term of protection Selected exclusions and limitations Legislation 
New plant varieties    
All cultivated varieties of botanical 
genera and species, provided that the growing, possession or use thereof is 
not prohibited for reasons of human, 
animal or plant health and that they are new, uniform, dis tinct and stable, 
and have been given a name that constitutes their generic designation.  This does not apply to wild species, 
i.e. plant species or plant individuals 
that have not been planted or improved by humans. From the date when the plant 
breeder's right is granted, 25 years in the case of vines and 
forest and fruit trees;  20 years 
for all other species. Plant breeders' rights do not confer on the 
holder the right to prevent third parties from using the protected variet y, when such use is:  
(a) private, for non-commercial purposes;  
(b) for experimental purposes;  and (c) for the purposes of obtaining and exploiting a new variety, unless it is essentially derived from the protected variety.  This new variety may be registered in the name of its holder.   
Whoever reserves and sows for his own use or 
sells as a raw material or foodstuff the product obtained from the cultiv ation of the protected 
variety does not infringe the plant breeder's right.  The commercial use of multiplication, reproduction or propagation material, including whole plants and parts thereof, of fruit, 
ornamental and forest species, is exempt from 
this Article. Decree No.533 regulating the 
Common Regime for the Protection of Plant Breeders' Rights, 
8 March 1994;  Decision No.345, 
Common Regime for the Protection of Plant Breeders' Rights, 29 October 1993  Decree No.2687 amending 
Article 7 of Decree No.533 of 
1994, 19 November 2002 
Undisclosed information    
Undisclosed information relating to 
commercial or industrial secrets, or 
any other type of confidential information that is secret, has commercial value and is subject to reasonable measures that have been adopted to keep it secret by the person who controls it by law.  Indefinite, as long as the 
conditions ensuring protection 
prevail. In circumstances where it is necessary to 
protect the public and where necessary 
measures are adopted to ensure that data is protected against unfair use. Decision No.486 of 2000 
Source : Notifications to the WTO and information provided by the authorities. Colombia WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 
 Page 153 
 
 
Table AIV.1 
Analysis of the effect of the price band on tariff rates, 2004 
(Per cent) 
Average MFN applied tariffs (2004) 
Product description Number of 
lines Excluding price 
band Including price band 
By WTO category    
Agricultural products 918 16.1 16.4 
 - Animals and products of animal origin 105 23.0 28.9 
 - Dairy products 34 19.6 21.5 
 - Coffee and tea, cocoa, sugar, etc. 164 17.2 17.1 
 - Cereals 30 12.5 17.4 
 - Oilseeds, oils and fats and products thereof  97 15.4 10.6 
     
HS Chapters 1-24 968 17.1 17.4 
HS Chapters 25-97 5,939 10.8 10.8 
     
Total 6,907 11.65 11.69 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, on the basis of data provided by the authorities. WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 Trade Policy Review 
Page 154 
 
 
Table AIV.2 
Products subject to access commitments with tariff quotas  
Quota (tonnes) Bound tariff (%) Applied tariff 2005 (%) Description of product 
(tariff heading)  Final Imports 2005 In-quota Out-of-quota In-quota Out-of-quot a
Current access        
Meat of bovine animals, fresh 
(HS 02.01) 4 95 108 108 20 80 
Meat of bovine animals, frozen 
(HS 02.02) 4 105 108 108 20 80 
Meat of swine (HS 02.03) 133 2,380 108 108 .. 7c 
Meat of poultry, not cut in pieces 
(HS 02.07, headings 0207.10 to 0207.23) 621 535 113 113 .. 68c 
Meat of poultry, cut in pieces (HS 02.07, 
headings 0207.31 to 0207.50) 7 200 209 209 .. 68c 
Meat and meat offal (HS 02.10) 126 176 108 108 20 80 
Milk and cream, not concentrated nor 
containing added sugar or other 
sweetening matter (HS 04.01) 24 103 159 159 .. 9c 
Milk and cream, concentrated or 
containing added sugar or other 
sweetening matter (HS 04.02) 4,529 604 151 151 .. 20 – 50 
Whey (HS 04.04) 771 9,113 136 136 .. 14c 
Butter (HS 04.05) 122 1 115 115 .. 14c 
Cheese (HS 04.06) 90 138 141 141 .. 14c 
Dry beans (HS 0713.30) 1,534 30,921 178 178 .. 5 – 60 
Wheat and meslin (HS 10.01) 692,118 1,261,872 124 124 .. 5 – 11c 
Barley (HS 10.03) 90,050 207,303 144 144 .. 5 – 16c 
Maize (corn) (HS 10.05) 25,229 2,465,423 194 194 10a, 7b 20a, c, 45b 
Rice (HS 10.06) 13,681 56,334 189 189 70 80 
Grain sorghum (HS 10.07) 28,973 452 132 132 .. 20c 
Wheat or meslin flour (HS 11.01) 796 1 117 117 .. 16c 
Cereal flours other than of wheat or 
meslin (HS 11.02) 3 646 158 158 .. 22c 
Cereal groats and meal (HS 11.03) 0.01 667 195 195 .. 16c 
Malt, whether or not roasted (HS 11.07) 49,583 149 129 129 .. 16c 
Starches;  inulin (HS 11.08) 1,013 9,152 102 102 .. 24c 
Soya beans, whether or not broken 
(HS 12.01) 145,704 356,150 125 125 4 14c  
Ground-nuts (HS 12.02) 4 4,929 142 142 .. 5 – 14c 
Linseed (HS 12.04) 42 2,030 104 104 .. 5 – 15 
Rape or colza seeds (HS 12.05) 340 91 143 143 .. 5 – 14c 
Sunflower seeds, whether or not broken 
(HS 12.06) 3 459 153 153 .. 5 – 14c 
Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, 
whether or not broken (HS 12.07) 35 654 142 142 .. 5 – 14c 
Flours and meals of oil seeds or 
oleaginous fruits, other than those of 
mustard (HS 12.08) 100 2 88 88 .. 14c 
Pig fat (HS 15.01) 1,488 84 108 108 .. 15c  
Lard stearin (HS 15.02) 49,421 24,728 104 104 .. 15c 
Lard stearin, lard oil, oleostearin, oleo-
oil and tallow oil, not emulsified or 
mixed or otherwise prepared (HS 15.03) 90 22 104 104 .. 15c 
Fats and oils of fish (HS 15.04) 13,353 450 104 104 .. 15 
Table AIV.2 (cont'd)Colombia WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 
 Page 155 
 
 
Quota (tonnes) Bound tariff (%) Applied tariff 2005 (%) Description of product 
(tariff heading)  Final Imports 2005 In-quota Out-of-quota In-quota Out-of-quot a
Other animal fats and oils (HS 15.06) 13,906  104 104 .. 15c 
Soya-bean oil and its fractions, whether 
or not refined, but not chemically 
modified (HS 15.07) 48,677 157,041 75 75 .. 19c 
Ground-nut oil and its fractions, whether 
or not refined, but not chemically 
modified (HS 15.08) 44 1 155 155 .. 19c 
Palm oil and its fractions, whether or not 
refined, but not chemically modified 
(HS 15.11) 336 15,738 199 199 .. 20c 
Sunflower-seed, safflower or cotton-seed 
oil and fractions thereof, whether or not 
refined, but not chemically modified 
(HS 15.12) 1,703 37,990 169 169 .. 19c 
Coconut (copra), palm kernel or babassu 
oil and fractions thereof, whether or not 
refined, but not chemically modified 
(HS 15.13) 4,161 2,248 160 160 .. 20c 
Rape oil and fractions thereof, whether 
or not refined, but not chemically 
modified (HS 15.14)  15 1,386 93 93 .. 19 – 20c 
Other fixed vegetable fats and oils and 
their fractions, whether or not refined, 
but not chemically modified (HS 15.15) 1,509 3,198 119 119 .. 19 – 20c 
Animal or vegetable fats and oils and 
their fractions, partly or wholly 
hydrogenated, inter-esterified, re-
esterified or elaidinised, whether or not refined, but not further prepared 
(HS 15.16) 28 3,085 227 227 .. 20c 
Margarine;  edible mixtures or 
preparations of animal or vegetable fats 
or oils or of fractions of different fats or oils of this Chapter, other than edible fats 
or oils or their fractions of heading 15.16 
(HS 15.17) 70 8,188 138 138 .. 20c 
Other animal or vege table fats and oils 
(HS 15.18) 5 2,441 197 197 .. 20c 
Industrial monocarboxylic fatty acids 
(HS 15.19) 2,433  180 180 .. 15c 
Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure 
sucrose, in solid form (HS 17.01) 39 56,037 117 117 .. 13 – 14c 
Other sugars, including chemically pure 
lactose, maltose, glucose and fructose, in 
solid form;  sugar syrups not containing 
added flavouring or colouring matter;  artificial honey, whether or not mixed 
with natural honey;  caramel (HS 17.02) 3,249 17,508 100 100 .. 6, 9, 13c 
Molasses resulting from the extraction or 
refining of sugar (HS 17.03) 50  130 130 .. 9c 
Orange juice (HS 20.09) 462 944 137 137 .. 20 
Flours, meals and pellets, of meat or 
meat offal, of fish or of crustaceans, 
molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates, 
unfit for human consumption (HS 23.01) 31,978 28,187 104 104 .. 14c 
Bran and sharps of maize (corn) and 
wheat (HS 23.02) 100 528 131 131 .. 20c 
Table AIV.2 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 Trade Policy Review 
Page 156 
 
 
Quota (tonnes) Bound tariff (%) Applied tariff 2005 (%) Description of product 
(tariff heading)  Final Imports 2005 In-quota Out-of-quota In-quota Out-of-quot a
Oil-cake and other solid residues, 
whether or not ground or in the form of 
pellets, resulting from the extraction of soyabean oil (HS 23.04) 3,653 582,341 97 97 .. 14c 
Oil-cake and other solid residues, 
whether or not ground or in the form of 
pellets, resulting from the extraction of 
vegetable fats or oils, other than those of 
heading 23.04 or 23.05 (HS 23.06) 59 34,160 130 130 .. 14c 
Vegetable materials and vegetable waste, 
vegetable residues and by-products of 
vegetable fats or oils, whether or not 
ground or in the form of pellets, of a kind used in animal feeding, not 
elsewhere specified or included 
(HS 23.08) 179 24 151 151 .. 20c 
Preparations of a kind used in animal 
feeding (HS 23.09) 59 125,997 97 97 .. 20c 
Dextrins and other modified starches;  
glues based on starches, or on dextrins or 
other modified starches (HS 35.05) 402 5,468 143 143 .. 24c 
Cotton, not carded or combed 
(HS 52.01) 222 39,525 99 99 .. 10 
Minimum access      ..  
Meat of bovine animals (HS 02.01) 28,969 95 80 108 20 80 
Meat of swine (HS 02.03) 4,705 2,380 80 108 .. 7c 
Poultry, not cut in pieces  (HS 02.07) 9,940 535 80 113 .. 68c 
Dry beans (HS 0713.30) 3,318 30,921 80 178 .. 5 – 60 
Maize (corn) (HS 10.05) 16,614 2,465,423 80 194 10a, 7b 20a,c 45b 
Rice (HS 10.06) 75,118 56,334 80 189 70 80 
Grain sorghum (HS 10.07) 3,465 452 80 132 .. 20c 
Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits 
(HS 12.07):  palm, cotton, sesamum, etc. 59,593 654 80 142 .. 5 – 14c 
Sugar (HS 17.01) 57,325 56,037 80 117 .. 13 – 14c 
Cotton (HS 52.01) 2,664 39,525 80 99 .. 10 
.. Not available  
a Yellow 
b White c Rates resulting from the applicati on of the Andean price band system. 
Source : Prepared by the WTO Secretariat on the basis of information from sections I-A and I-B of Colombia's 
Schedule LXXVI, and data provided by the authorities. Colombia WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 
 Page 157 
 
 
Table AIV.3 
Summary of specific commitments under the GATS 
   Market access National treatment 
 Modes of supply:          
  Cross-border supply 1    1    
  Consumption abroad  2    2   
  Commercial presence   3    3  
  Presence of natural persons    4    4 
Commitments (■ full;  ◨partial;  □ no commitment;  - does not appear in the Schedule 
         
1. Business services         
 A.  Professional services         
  (a) Legal services (only advisory services in foreign 
and international legislation) ■ ■ □ □ ■ ■ □ □ 
  (b) Accounting and bookkeeping services □ ■ ◨ □ □ ■ ◨ □ 
  (c) Taxation services □ ■ ■ □ □ ■ ■ □ 
  (d) Management consulting services □ ■ ■ □ □ ■ ■ □ 
 B. Computer and related services         
 (a) Consultancy services related to the installation 
of computer hardware □ ■ ■ □ □ ■ ■ □ 
 (b) Software implementation services  □ ■ ■ □ □ ■ ■ □ 
 (c) Data processing services □ ■ ■ □ □ ■ ■ □ 
 (d) Database services □ ■ ■ □ □ ■ ■ □ 
 E. Rental/leasing services without operators         
 (c) Rental/leasing services □ ■ ■ □ □ ■ ■ □ 
 F. Other business services         
 - Various services relating to geology, geophysics, 
geochemistry, hydrocarbon production, geological 
prospecting, calculation of reserves and mine 
development ■ ■ ■ □ ■ ■ ■ □ 
2. Communication services          
 C. Telecommunication services         
 1.  For public use, exclusivel y facilities-based services         
 Local and extended local voice telephony ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ■ □ 
  National and internati onal long-distance telephony ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ■ □ 
  Carrier services, packet-switched or circuit-switched 
data transmission services, te lex and telegraph services ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ■ □ 
  Cellular mobile telephone services ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ■ □ 
  Personal communication services ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ■ □ 
  Paging services □ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ■ □ 
  Trunking services ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ■ □ 
  Provision of satellite capacity, exclusively by 
geostationary satellite systems ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ■ □ 
 2.  For non-public use, facilities-ba sed installations         
 Voice telephone services, packet-switched and circuit-
switched data transmission services, private leased 
circuit services, paging services and trunking services ■ ■ ■ □ ■ ■ ■ □ 
 3.  Value-added telecommunication services □ ■ ◨ □ □ ■ □ □ 
3. Construction and related engineering services         
 A. General construction work for buildings □ ■ ■ □ □ ■ ■ □ 
 B. General construction work for civil engineering         
  For dams □ ■ ■ □ □ ■ ■ □ 
  For golf courses ■ ■ ■ □ ■ ■ ■ □ 
Table AIV.3 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 Trade Policy Review 
Page 158 
 
 
   Market access National treatment 
 Modes of supply:          
  Cross-border supply 1    1    
  Consumption abroad  2    2   
  Commercial presence   3    3  
  Presence of natural persons    4    4 
 C. Installation and assembly work         
  For derrick operations □ ■ ■ □ □ ■ ■ □ 
 E .  O t h e r          
  Pre-erection work at building and construction sites □ ■ ■ □ □ ■ ■ □ 
  Engineering for hydrocarbon deposits ■ ■ ■ □ ■ ■ ■ □ 
4. Distribution services - - - - - - - - 
5. Educational services - - - - - - - - 
6. Environmental servicesc - - - - - - - - 
7. Financial services         
 1. Insurance and insurance-related services         
(a) Direct insurance (including co-insurance) other than 
life insurance ◨ □ ◨ □ □ □ ◨ □ 
(b) Reinsurance and retrocession ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ □ 
(c) Insurance intermediation activities □ □ ◨ □ □ □ ◨ □ 
(d) Services auxilia ry to insurance □ □ ◨ □ □ □ ◨ □ 
 2. Banking and other financial services         
(a) Acceptance of deposits and other repayable funds 
from the public  □ □ ◨ □ □ □ ◨ □ 
(b) Lending of all types by financial institutions, and 
financing of commercial transactions □ □ ◨ □ □ □ ◨ □ 
(c) Financial leasing services □ □ ◨ □ □ □ ◨ □ 
(d) Guarantees and commitments □ □ ◨ □ □ □ ◨ □ 
(e) Trading for own account or for account of customers 
of the instruments mentioned in subparagraphs (x) 
(C), (E) and (F) of paragraph 5(a) of the Annex on 
financial services □ □ ◨ □ □ □ ◨ □ 
(f) Participation in issues of  all kinds of securities and 
provision of services related to such issues □ □ ◨ □ □ □ ◨ □ 
(g) Money broking □ □ ◨ □ □ □ ◨ □ 
(h) Provision and transfer of financial information, and 
financial data processing and related software by 
suppliers of other financial services □ □ ◨ □ □ □ ◨ □ 
(i) Advisory, intermediation a nd other auxiliary financial 
services on all the activities listed in 
subparagraphs (a) to (h) □ □ ◨ □ □ □ ◨ □ 
8. Health-related and social services  - - - - - - - - 
9. Tourism and travel-related services         
 A. Hotels  □ ■ ■ □ □ ■ ■ □ 
 B. Travel agency and tour operator services          
  Travel agencies and tourism ■ ■ ■ □ ■ ■ ■ □ 
  Wholesale agencies ■ ■ ■ □ ■ ■ ■ □ 
10. Recreational, cultural and sporting services - - - - - - - - 
11. Transport services - - - - - - - - 
12. Other services - - - - - - - - 
Source : WTO Secretariat Colombia WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 
 Page 159 
 
 
Table AIV.4 
Selected reforms to the banking system, 1997-2006 
Legislation Provisions  
Law No. 510 of 1999 - Amends the rules on manage ment of financial institutions in crisis 
- Enables credit institutions to acquire and retain shar es and bonds convertible into shares issued by other 
 credit institutions 
- Authorizes banks to issue securities to fina nce the construction and acquisition of housing 
- Permits the use of the banking office network to promote products - Amends the rules governing investment regime and credit institution operations - Introduces reforms to the National Government's powers of intervention 
- Introduces reforms to the FOGAFIN regime and to deposit insurance 
Law No. 546 of 1999 - Establishes a new syst em for the long-term financing of housing 
- Establishes requirements for home purchasing loans 
- Orders the dismantling of savings and housing corpor ations and their conversion into banks within three 
 years 
Law No. 795 of 2003 - Allows banks to carry out leasing operations for housing 
- Allows banks to enter into contracts for non-fiduc iary portfolio and debt management in financial 
 institutions that have been in tervened or are in liquidation 
- Increases the minimum capital n eeded for the establishment of banks and other financial entities 
- Amends the regulations on representative offices - Introduces additional precautionary meas ures for managing entities in crisis 
- Authorizes commercial financing corporati ons to carry out a new operation (microcredit) 
Law No. 964 of 2005 - Establishes rules on the corporate governance of issuers of securities 
- Incorporates rules for orderly operation of the market 
- Incorporates rules to protect investors - Regulates the penalty system applying to the securities market - Sets forth rules aimed at ensuring that cleari ng and settlement systems are safe and efficient 
- Orders the merger of the Supervisory Authority  for Banks and the Stock Exchange Supervisory 
 Authority, creating the Financial Supervisory Au thority of Colombia, which is responsible for 
 supervising the bodies making up the fina ncial, insurance and securities system 
Decree No. 4327 of 2005 - Establishes a new framework for risk-bas ed financial supervision and a new structure able to meet 
 international requirements for the conduct of business 
Source : WTO Secretariat WT/TPR/S/172/Rev.1 Trade Policy Review 
Page 160 
 
 
Table AIV.5 
Selected reforms to the insurance regime, 1997-2006 
Legislation Provisions 
Law No. 389 
of 1997 - Allows certain types of in surance to be marketed thr ough the credit institution network 
- Allows retroactive claims-mad e coverage in certain policies 
Law No. 510 
of 1999 - Modifies the minimum capital required for the estab lishment of insurance companies and introduces a new 
 technical reserve investment regime 
- Allows entities other than  insurance companies to provide funeral services 
Source : WTO Secretariat 
__________