REGULATIONS  
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 327/2011  
of 30 March 2011  
implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to 
ecodesign requirements for fans driven by motors with an electric input power between 125 W 
and 500 kW  
(Text with EEA relevance)  
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,  
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European 
Union,  
Having regard to Directive 2009/125/EC of the European 
Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing 
a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for 
energy-related products (  1 ) and in particular Article 15(1) 
thereof,  
After consulting the Ecodesign Consultation Forum,  
Whereas:  
(1) Under Directive 2009/125/EC ecodesign requirements 
are to be set by the Commission for energy-related 
products representing significant volumes of sales and 
trade, having a significant environmental impact and 
presenting significant potential for improvement in 
terms of their environmental impact without entailing 
excessive costs.  
(2) Article 16(2) of Directive 2009/125/EC provides that in 
accordance with the procedure referred to in 
Article 19(3) and the criteria set out in Article 15(2), 
and after consulting the Consultation Forum, the 
Commission will, as appropriate, introduce an imple ­
menting measure for products using electric motor 
systems.  
(3) Fans driven by motors with an electric input power 
between 125 W and 500 kW are an important part of 
various gas handling products. Minimum energy effi ­
ciency requirements have been established for electric 
motors in Commission Regulation (EC) No 640/2009 
of 22 July 2009 implementing Directive 2005/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with 
regard to ecodesign requirements for electric motors (  2 ), 
including electric motors equipped with variable speed 
drives. They also apply to those motors which are part 
of a motor-fan system. However, many fans covered by 
this Regulation are used in combination with motors not 
covered by Regulation (EC) No 640/2009.  
(4) Total electricity consumption of fans driven by motors 
with an electric input power between 125 W and 
500 kW is 344 TWh per year, rising to 560 TWh in 
2020 if current Union market trends persist. The cost- 
efficient improvement potential through design is about 
34 TWh per year in 2020, which corresponds to 16 Mt 
of CO  2 emissions. Consequently, fans with an electric 
input power between 125 W and 500 kW represent a 
product for which ecodesign requirements should be 
established.  
(5) Many fans are integrated in other products without being 
separately placed on the market or put into service 
within the meaning of Article 5 of Directive 
2009/125/EC and of Directive 2006/42/EC of the 
European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 
2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 
95/16/EC (  3 ). To achieve most of the cost-efficient 
energy-saving potential and facilitate enforcement of the 
measure, fans between 125 W and 500 kW integrated in 
other products should also be subject to the provisions 
of this Regulation.  
(6) Many fans are part of ventilation systems installed in 
buildings. National legislation based on Directive 
2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the 
Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance 
of buildings (  4 ), may set new stricter energy efficiency 
requirements on those ventilation systems, using the 
calculation and measurement methods defined in this 
regulation as regards the efficiency of the fan.EN L 90/8 Official Journal of the European Union 6.4.2011  
( 1 ) OJ L 285, 31.10.2009, p. 10.  ( 2 ) OJ L 191, 23.7.2009, p. 26.  
( 3 ) OJ L 157, 9.6.2006, p. 24.  
( 4 ) OJ L 153, 18.6.2010, p. 13.(7) The Commission has carried out a preparatory study 
which analysed the technical, environmental and 
economic aspects of fans. The study was developed 
together with stakeholders and interested parties from 
the Union and third countries, and the results have 
been made publicly available. Further work and consul ­
tations showed that the scope could be further extended 
subject to exemptions being made for particular appli ­
cations where the requirements would not be appro ­
priate.  
(8) The preparatory study showed that fans driven by motors 
with an input power between 125 W and 500 kW are 
placed on the Union market in large quantities, with their 
use-phase energy consumption being the most significant 
environmental aspect of all life-cycle phases.  
(9) The preparatory study shows that electricity consumption 
in use is the only significant ecodesign parameter relating 
to product design as laid down in Directive 
2009/125/EC.  
(10) Improvements in the energy efficiency of fans driven by 
motors with an electric input power between 125 W and 
500 kW should be achieved by applying existing non- 
proprietary cost-effective technologies that can reduce the 
total combined costs of purchasing and operating them.  
(11) Ecodesign requirements should harmonise the energy 
efficiency requirements for fans driven by motors with 
an electric input power between 125 W and 500 kW 
throughout the Union, thus contributing to the func ­
tioning of the internal market and to the improvement 
of the environmental performance of these products.  
(12) Small fans (indirectly) driven by an electric motor 
between 125 W and 3 kW which primarily serves 
other functionalities are not within the scope. For illus ­
tration a small fan to cool the electric motor in a chain 
saw is not within the scope, even if the motor of the 
chain saw itself (which is also driving the fan) is above 
125 W.  
(13) An appropriate timeframe should be provided for manu ­
facturers to redesign products and to adapt production 
lines. The timing should be such that negative impacts 
on the supply of fans driven by motors with an electric 
input power between 125 W and 500 kW are avoided, 
and cost impacts for manufacturers, in particular small 
and medium-sized enterprises, are taken into account, 
while ensuring timely achievement of the objectives of 
this Regulation.  (14) A review of this Regulation is foreseen no later than 4 
years after its entry into force. The review process may 
be initiated earlier if evidence reaches the Commission 
that warrants this. The review should in particular assess 
the setting of technology independent requirements, the 
potential of the use of variable speed drives (VSD) and 
the necessity of the number and scope of exemptions as 
well as the inclusion of fans below 125 W electric input 
power.  
(15) The energy efficiency of fans driven by motors with an 
electric input power between 125 W and 500 kW should 
be determined through reliable, accurate and reproducible 
measurement methods, which take into account the 
recognised state of the art, including, where available, 
harmonised standards adopted by the European standard ­
isation bodies, as listed in Annex I to Directive 98/34/EC 
of the European Parliament and of the Council of 
22 June 1998 laying down a procedure for the 
provision of information in the field of technical 
standards and regulations and of rules on Information 
Society services (  1 ). 
(16) This Regulation should increase the market penetration 
of technologies that limit the life-cycle environmental 
impact of fans driven by motors with an electric input 
power between 125 W and 500 kW, leading to annual 
estimated electricity savings of 34 TWh by 2020, 
compared to the situation where no measures are taken.  
(17) In accordance with Article 8 of Directive 2009/125/EC, 
this Regulation should specify the applicable conformity 
assessment procedures.  
(18) In order to facilitate compliance checks, manufacturers 
should be requested to provide information in the 
technical documentation referred to in Annexes IV and 
V to Directive 2009/125/EC.  
(19) In order to further limit the environmental impact of 
fans driven by motors with an electric input power 
between 125 W and 500 kW, manufacturers should 
provide relevant information on disassembly, recycling 
or disposal at end-of-life of such fans.  
(20) Benchmarks for currently available fan types with high 
energy efficiency should be identified. This will help to 
ensure the wide availability and easy accessibility of 
information, in particular for small and medium-sized 
enterprises and very small firms, which will further 
facilitate the integration of best design technologies and 
facilitate the development of more efficient products for 
reducing energy consumption.EN 6.4.2011 Official Journal of the European Union L 90/9  
( 1 ) OJ L 204, 21.7.1998, p. 37.(21) The measures provided for in this Regulation are in 
accordance with the opinion of the Committee estab ­
lished by Article 19(1) of Directive 2009/125/EC,  
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:  
Article 1  
Subject matter and scope  
1. This Regulation establishes ecodesign requirements for the 
placing on the market or putting into service of fans, including 
those integrated in other energy-related products as covered by 
Directive 2009/125/EC.  
2. The Regulation shall not apply to fans integrated in:  
(i) products with a sole electric motor of 3 kW or less where 
the fan is fixed on the same shaft used for driving the main 
functionality;  
(ii) laundry and washer dryers ≤ 3 kW maximum electrical 
input power;  
(iii) kitchen hoods < 280 W total maximum electrical input 
power attributable to the fan(s).  
3. This Regulation shall not apply to fans which are:  
(a) designed specifically to operate in potentially explosive 
atmospheres as defined in Directive 94/9/EC of the 
European Parliament and of the Council (  1 ); 
(b) designed for emergency use only, at short-time duty, with 
regard to fire safety requirements set out in Council 
Directive 89/106/EC (  2 ); 
(c) designed specifically to operate:  
(i) (a) where operating temperatures of the gas being 
moved exceed 100 °C;  
(b) where operating ambient temperature for the 
motor, if located outside the gas stream, driving 
the fan exceeds 65 °C;  
(ii) where the annual average temperature of the gas being 
moved and/or the operating ambient temperature for 
the motor, if located outside the gas stream, are lower 
than – 40 °C;  (iii) with a supply voltage > 1 000 V AC or > 1 500 V DC;  
(iv) in toxic, highly corrosive or flammable environments or 
in environments with abrasive substances;  
(d) placed on the market before 1 January 2015 as replacement 
for identical fans integrated in products which were placed 
on the market before 1 January 2013; except that the 
packaging, the product information and the technical docu ­
mentation must clearly indicate regarding (a), (b) and (c) 
that the fan shall only be used for the purpose for which 
it is designed and regarding (d) the product(s) for which it is 
intended.  
Article 2  
Definitions  
In addition to the definitions set out in Directive 2009/125/EC, 
the following definitions shall apply:  
1. ‘Fan’ means a rotary bladed machine that is used to 
maintain a continuous flow of gas, typically air, passing 
through it and whose work per unit mass does not 
exceed 25 kJ/kg, and which:  
— is designed for use with or equipped with an electrical 
motor with an electric input power between 125 W 
and 500 kW ( ≥ 125 W and ≤ 500 kW) to drive the 
impeller at its optimum energy efficiency point,  
— is an axial fan, centrifugal fan, cross flow fan or mixed 
flow fan,  
— may or may not be equipped with a motor when 
placed on the market or put into service;  
2. ‘Impeller’ means the part of the fan that is imparting energy 
into the gas flow and is also known as the fan wheel;  
3. ‘Axial fan’ means a fan that propels gas in the direction 
axial to the rotational axis of one or more impeller(s) with 
a swirling tangential motion created by the rotating 
impeller(s). The axial fan may or may not be equipped 
with a cylindrical housing, inlet or outlet guide vanes or 
an orifice panel or orifice ring;EN L 90/10 Official Journal of the European Union 6.4.2011  
( 1 ) OJ L 100, 19.4.1994, p. 1.  
( 2 ) OJ L 40, 11.2.1989, p. 12.4. ‘Inlet guide vanes’ are vanes positioned before the impeller 
to guide the gas stream towards the impeller and which 
may or may not be adjustable;  
5. ‘Outlet guide vanes’ are vanes positioned after the impeller 
to guide the gas stream from the impeller and which may 
or may not be adjustable;  
6. ‘Orifice panel’ means a panel with an opening in which the 
fan sits and which allows the fan to be fixed to other 
structures;  
7. ‘Orifice ring’ means a ring with an opening in which the 
fan sits and which allows the fan to be fixed to other 
structures;  
8. ‘Centrifugal fan’ means a fan in which the gas enters the 
impeller(s) in an essentially axial direction and leaves it in a 
direction perpendicular to that axis. The impeller may have 
one or two inlets and may or may not have a housing;  
9. ‘Centrifugal radial bladed fan’ means a centrifugal fan where 
the outward direction of the blades of the impeller(s) at the 
periphery is radial relative to the axis of rotation;  
10. ‘Centrifugal forward curved fan’ means a centrifugal fan 
where the outward direction of the blades of the impeller(s) 
at the periphery is forward relative to the direction of 
rotation;  
11. ‘Centrifugal backward curved fan without housing’ means a 
centrifugal fan where the outward direction of the blades of 
the impeller(s) at the periphery is backward relative to the 
direction of rotation and which does not have a housing;  
12. ‘Housing’ means a casing around the impeller which guides 
the gas stream towards, through and from the impeller;  
13. ‘Centrifugal backward curved fan with housing’ means a 
centrifugal fan with an impeller where the outward 
direction of the blades at the periphery is backward 
relative to the direction of rotation and which has a 
housing;  
14. ‘Cross flow fan’ means a fan in which the gas path through 
the impeller is in a direction essentially at right angles to its 
axis both entering and leaving the impeller at its periphery;  
15. ‘Mixed flow fan’ means a fan in which the gas path through 
the impeller is intermediate between the gas path in fans of 
centrifugal and axial types;  16. ‘Short-time duty’ means working of a motor at a constant 
load, which is not long enough to reach temperature equi ­
librium;  
17. ‘Ventilation fan’ means a fan that is not used in the 
following energy-related products:  
— laundry and washer dryers > 3 kW maximum electrical 
input power,  
— indoor units of household air-conditioning products 
and indoor household air-conditioners, ≤ 12 kW 
maximum airco output power,  
— information technology products;  
18. The ‘specific ratio’ means the stagnation pressure measured 
at the fan outlet divided by the stagnation pressure at the 
fan inlet at the optimal energy efficiency point of the fan.  
Article 3  
Ecodesign requirements  
1. The ecodesign requirements for fans are set out in 
Annex I.  
2. Each fan energy efficiency requirement of Annex I Section 
2 shall apply in accordance with the following timetable:  
(a) first tier: from 1 January 2013, ventilation fans shall not 
have a lower target energy efficiency than as defined in 
Annex I, Section 2, Table 1;  
(b) second tier: from 1 January 2015, all fans shall not have a 
lower target energy efficiency than as defined in Annex I, 
Section 2, Table 2.  
3. The product information requirements on fans and how 
they must be displayed are as set out in Annex I, Section 3. 
These requirements shall apply from 1 January 2013.  
4. The fan energy efficiency requirements of Annex I Section 
2 shall not apply to fans which are designed to operate:  
(a) with an optimum energy efficiency at 8 000 rotations per 
minute or more;  
(b) in applications in which the ‘specific ratio’ is over 1,11;  
(c) as conveying fans used for the transport of non-gaseous 
substances in industrial process applications.EN 6.4.2011 Official Journal of the European Union L 90/115. For dual use fans designed for both ventilation under 
normal conditions and emergency use, at short-time duty, 
with regard to fire safety requirements as set out in Directive 
89/106/EC, the values of the applicable efficiency grades set out 
in Annex I Section 2 will be reduced by 10 % for Table 1 and 
by 5 % for Table 2.  
6. Compliance with ecodesign requirements shall be 
measured and calculated in accordance with requirements set 
out in Annex II.  
Article 4  
Conformity assessment  
The conformity assessment procedure referred to in Article 8 of 
Directive 2009/125/EC shall be the internal design control 
system set out in Annex IV to that Directive or the management 
system for assessing conformity set out in Annex V to that 
Directive.  
Article 5  
Verification procedure for market surveillance purposes  
When performing the market surveillance checks referred to in 
Article 3(2) of Directive 2009/125/EC, the authorities of the 
Member States shall apply the verification procedure set out 
in Annex III to this Regulation.  Article 6  
Indicative benchmarks  
The indicative benchmarks for the best-performing fans 
available on the market at the time of entry into force of this 
Regulation are set out in Annex IV.  
Article 7  
Revision  
The Commission shall review this Regulation no later than 4 
years after its entry into force and present the result of this 
review to the Ecodesign Consultation Forum. The review shall 
in particular assess the feasibility of reducing the number of fan 
types in order to reinforce competition on grounds of energy 
efficiency for fans which can fulfil a comparable function. The 
review shall also assess whether the scope of exemptions can be 
reduced, including allowances for dual use fans.  
Article 8  
Entry into force  
This Regulation shall enter into force on the 20th day following 
its publication in the  Official Journal of the European Union . 
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.  
Done at Brussels, 30 March 2011.  
For the Commission  
The President  
José Manuel BARROSOEN L 90/12 Official Journal of the European Union 6.4.2011ANNEX I  
ECODESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR FANS  
1. Definitions for the purposes of Annex I  
(1) ‘Measurement category’ means a test, measurement or usage arrangement that defines the inlet and outlet 
conditions of the fan under test.  
(2) ‘Measurement category A’ means an arrangement where the fan is measured with free inlet and outlet conditions.  
(3) ‘Measurement category B’ means an arrangement where the fan is measured with free inlet and with a duct fitted 
to its outlet.  
(4) ‘Measurement category C’ means an arrangement where the fan is measured with a duct fitted to its inlet and 
with free outlet conditions.  
(5) ‘Measurement category D’ means an arrangement where the fan is measured with a duct fitted to its inlet and 
outlet.  
(6) ‘Efficiency category’ means the fan gas output energy form used to determine the fan energy efficiency, either 
static efficiency or total efficiency, where:  
(a) ‘fan static pressure’ (p  sf ) has been used to determine fan gas power in the efficiency equation for fan static 
efficiency; and  
(b) ‘fan total pressure’ (p  f ) has been used to determine fan gas power in the efficiency equation for total 
efficiency.  
(7) ‘Static efficiency’ means the energy efficiency of a fan, based upon measurement of the ‘fan static pressure’ (p  sf ). 
(8) ‘Fan static pressure’ (p  sf ) means the fan total pressure (p  f ) minus the fan dynamic pressure corrected by the Mach 
factor.  
(9) ‘Stagnation pressure’ means the pressure measured at a point in a flowing gas if it were brought to rest via an 
isentropic process.  
(10) ‘Dynamic pressure’ means the pressure calculated from the mass flow rate, the average gas density at the outlet 
and the fan outlet area.  
(11) ‘Mach factor’ means a correction factor applied to dynamic pressure at a point, defined as the stagnation pressure 
minus the pressure with respect to absolute zero pressure which is exerted at a point at rest relative to the gas 
around it and divided by the dynamic pressure.  
(12) ‘Total efficiency’ means the energy efficiency of a fan, based upon measurement of the ‘fan total pressure’ (p  f ). 
(13) ‘Fan total pressure’ (p  f ) means the difference between the stagnation pressure at the fan outlet and the stagnation 
pressure at the fan inlet.  
(14) ‘Efficiency grade’ is a parameter in the calculation of the target energy efficiency of a fan of specific electric input 
power at its optimum energy efficiency point (expressed as parameter ‘N’ in the calculation of the fan energy 
efficiency).  
(15) The ‘target energy efficiency’ ( η target  ) is the minimum energy efficiency a fan must achieve in order to meet the 
requirements and is based on its electrical input power at its point of optimum energy efficiency, where η target  is 
the output value from the appropriate equation in Section 3 of Annex II, using the applicable integer N of the 
efficiency grade (Annex I, Section 2, Tables 1 and 2) and the electrical power input P  e(d) of the fan expressed in 
kW at its point of optimum energy efficiency in the applicable energy efficiency formula.  
(16) ‘Variable speed drive (VSD)’ means an electronic power converter integrated — or functioning as one system — 
with the motor and the fan, that continuously adapts the electrical power supplied to the electric motor in order 
to control the mechanical power output of the motor according to the torque-speed characteristic of the load 
being driven by the motor, excluding variable voltage controllers where only the supply voltage for the motor is 
varied.  
(17) ‘Overall efficiency’ is either ‘static efficiency’ or ‘total efficiency’, whichever is applicable.  
2. Fan energy efficiency requirements  
The minimum energy efficiency requirements for fans are set out in Tables 1 and 2.EN 6.4.2011 Official Journal of the European Union L 90/13Table 1  
First tier minimum energy efficiency requirements for fans from 1 January 2013  
Fan types  Measurement 
category 
(A-D)  Efficiency 
category 
(static or 
total)  Power range P in 
kW Target energy efficiency  Efficiency 
grade 
(N) 
Axial fan  A, C  static  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N  36  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N  
B, D  total  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N  50  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N  
Centrifugal forward curved 
fan and centrifugal radial 
bladed fan  A, C  static  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N  37  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N  
B, D  total  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N  42  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N  
Centrifugal backward curved 
fan without housing  A, C  static  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N  58  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N  
Centrifugal backward curved 
fan with housing  A, C  static  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N  58  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N  
B, D  total  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N  61  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N  
Mixed flow fan  A, C  static  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N  47  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N  
B, D  total  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N  58  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N  
Cross flow fan  B, D  total  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 1,14 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N  13  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = N  
Table 2  
Second tier minimum energy efficiency requirements for fans from 1 January 2015  
Fan types  Measurement 
category 
(A-D)  Efficiency 
category 
(static or 
total)  Power range P in 
kW Target energy efficiency  Efficiency 
grade 
(N) 
Axial fan  A, C  static  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N  40  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N  
B, D  total  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N  58  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + NEN L 90/14 Official Journal of the European Union 6.4.2011Fan types  Measurement 
category 
(A-D)  Efficiency 
category 
(static or 
total)  Power range P in 
kW Target energy efficiency  Efficiency 
grade 
(N) 
Centrifugal forward curved 
fan and centrifugal radial 
bladed fan  A, C  static  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N  44  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N  
B, D  total  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N  49  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N  
Centrifugal backward curved 
fan without housing  A, C  static  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N  62  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N  
Centrifugal backward curved 
fan with housing  A, C  static  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N  61  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N  
B, D  total  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N  64  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N  
Mixed flow fan  A, C  static  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N  50  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N  
B, D  total  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N  62  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N  
Cross flow fan  B, D  total  0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 η target  = 1,14 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N  21  
10 < P ≤ 500  η target  = N  
3. Product information requirements on fans  
1. The information on fans set out in points 2(1) to 2(14) shall be visibly displayed on:  
(a) the technical documentation of fans;  
(b) free access websites of manufacturers of fans.  
2. The following information shall be displayed:  
(1) overall efficiency ( η), rounded to 1 decimal place;  
(2) measurement category used to determine the energy efficiency (A-D);  
(3) efficiency category (static or total);  
(4) efficiency grade at optimum energy efficiency point;  
(5) whether the calculation of fan efficiency assumed use of a VSD and if so, whether the VSD is integrated within 
the fan or the VSD must be installed with the fan;  
(6) year of manufacture;  
(7) manufacturer’s name or trade mark, commercial registration number and place of manufacturer;  
(8) product’s model number;  
(9) the rated motor power input(s) (kW), flow rate(s) and pressure(s) at optimum energy efficiency;  
(10) rotations per minute at the optimum energy efficiency point;EN 6.4.2011 Official Journal of the European Union L 90/15(11) the ‘specific ratio’;  
(12) information relevant for facilitating disassembly, recycling or disposal at end-of-life;  
(13) information relevant to minimise impact on the environment and ensure optimal life expectancy as regards 
installation, use and maintenance of the fan;  
(14) description of additional items used when determining the fan energy efficiency, such as ducts, that are not 
described in the measurement category and not supplied with the fan.  
3. The information in the technical documentation shall be provided in the order as presented in points 2(1) to 2(14). 
The exact wording used in the list does not need to be repeated. It may be displayed using graphs, figures or 
symbols rather than text.  
4. The information referred to in points 2(1), 2(2), 2(3), 2(4) and 2(5) shall be durably marked on or near the rating 
plate of the fan, where for point 2(5) one of the following forms of words must be used to indicate what is 
applicable:  
— ‘A variable speed drive must be installed with this fan’,  
— ‘A variable speed drive is integrated within the fan’.  
5. Manufacturers shall provide information in the manual of instruction on specific precautions to be taken when fans 
are assembled, installed or maintained. If provision 2(5) of the product information requirements indicates that a 
VSD must be installed with the fan, manufacturers shall provide details on the characteristics of the VSD to ensure 
optimal use after assembly.EN L 90/16 Official Journal of the European Union 6.4.2011ANNEX II  
MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS  
1. Definitions for the purposes of Annex II  
(1) ‘Inlet stagnation volume flow rate’ (q) is the volume of gas that passes through the fan per unit of time (in 
m 3 /s) and is calculated on the basis of the mass of gas moved by the fan (in kg/s) divided by the density of this 
gas at the fan inlet (in kg/m  3 ). 
(2) ‘Compressibility factor’ is a dimensionless number that describes the amount of compressibility that the gas 
stream experiences during the test and is calculated as the ratio of the mechanical work done by the fan on the 
gas to the work that would be done on an incompressible fluid with the same mass flow, inlet density and 
pressure ratio, taking into account the fan pressure as ‘total pressure’ (k  p ) or ‘static pressure’ (k  ps ). 
(3) k  ps means compressibility coefficient for the calculation of fan static gas power.  
(4) k  p means compressibility coefficient for the calculation of fan total gas power.  
(5) ‘Final assembly’ means a finished or assembled on-site assembly of a fan that contains all the elements to 
convert electric energy into fan gas power without the need to add more parts or components.  
(6) ‘Not final assembly’ means an assembly of fan parts, consisting of at least the impeller, which needs one or 
more externally supplied components in order to be able to convert electric energy into fan gas power.  
(7) ‘Direct drive’ means a driving arrangement for a fan where the impeller is fixed to the motor shaft, either 
directly or with a co-axial coupling, and where the impeller speed is identical to the motor’s rotational speed.  
(8) ‘Transmission’ means a driving arrangement for a fan which is not ‘direct drive’ as defined above. Such driving 
arrangements may include transmissions using a belt-drive, gearbox or slipping coupling.  
(9) ‘Low-efficiency drive’ means a transmission using a belt whose width is less than three times the height of the 
belt or using some other form of transmission apart from a ‘high-efficiency drive’.  
(10) ‘High-efficiency drive’ means a transmission using a belt whose width is at least three times the height of the 
belt, a toothed belt or using toothed gears.  
2. Measurement method  
For the purposes of compliance and verification of compliance with the requirements of this Regulation, 
measurements and calculations must be made using a reliable, accurate and reproducible method, which takes 
into account the generally recognised state-of-the-art measurement methods, and whose results are deemed to be 
of low uncertainty, including methods set out in documents the reference numbers of which have been published for 
that purpose in the  Official Journal of the European Union . 
3. Calculation method  
The methodology for calculating the energy efficiency of a specific fan is based on the ratio of gas power to electrical 
input power to the motor, where fan gas power is the product of gas volume flow rate and pressure difference 
across the fan. The pressure is either the static pressure or the total pressure, which is the sum of static and dynamic 
pressure depending upon the measurement and efficiency category.  
3.1. Where the fan is supplied as a ‘final assembly’, measure the gas power and the electric input power of the fan at its 
optimum energy efficiency point:  
(a) where the fan does not include a variable speed drive, calculate the overall efficiency using the following 
equation:  
η e = P  u(s) / P  e 
where:  
η e is the overall efficiency;  
P u(s) is the fan gas power, determined according to point 3.3, of the fan when it is operating at its optimal energy 
efficiency point;  
P e is the power measured at the mains input terminals to the motor of the fan when the fan is operating at its 
optimal energy efficiency point;EN 6.4.2011 Official Journal of the European Union L 90/17(b) where the fan includes a variable speed drive, calculate the overall efficiency using the following equation:  
η e = (P  u(s) / P  ed ) · C c 
where:  
η e is the overall efficiency;  
P u(s) is the fan gas power, determined according to point 3.3, of the fan when it is operating at its optimal energy 
efficiency point;  
P ed is the power measured at the mains input terminals to the variable speed drive of the fan when the fan is 
operating at its optimal energy efficiency point;  
C c is a part load compensation factor as follows:  
— for a motor with a variable speed drive and P  ed ≥ 5 kW, then C  c = 1,04,  
— for a motor with a variable speed drive and P  ed < 5 kW, then C  c = – 0,03 ln(P  ed ) + 1,088.  
3.2. Where the fan is supplied as ‘not final assembly’, the fan overall efficiency is calculated at the impeller’s optimum 
energy efficiency point, using the following equation:  
η e = η r · η m · η T · C m · C c 
where:  
η e is the overall efficiency;  
η r is the fan impeller efficiency according to P  u(s) / P  a 
where:  
P u(s) is fan gas power determined at the point of optimal energy efficiency for the impeller and according to point 
3.3 below;  
P a is the fan shaft power at the point of optimal energy efficiency of the impeller;  
η m is the nominal rated motor efficiency in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 640/2009 whenever applicable. If 
the motor is not covered by Regulation (EC) No 640/2009 or in case no motor is supplied a default η m is calculated 
for the motor using the following values:  
— if the recommended electric input power ‘Pe’ is ≥ 0,75 kW,  
η m = 0,000278*(x  3 ) – 0,019247*(x  2 ) + 0,104395*x + 0,809761,  
where x = Lg (P  e ), 
and P  e is as defined in 3.1(a),  
— if the recommended motor input power ‘Pe’ is < 0,75 kW,  
η m = 0,1462*ln(P  e ) + 0,8381,  
and P  e is as defined in 3.1(a), where the electric input power Pe recommended by the manufacturer of the fan 
should be enough for the fan to reach its optimum energy efficiency point, taking into account losses from 
transmission systems if applicable.  
η T is the efficiency of the driving arrangement for which the following default values must be used:  
— for direct drive η T = 1,0;  
— if the transmission is a low-efficiency drive as defined in 1(9) and  
— P  a ≥ 5 kW, η T = 0,96, or  
— 1 kW < P  a < 5 kW, η T = 0,0175 * Pa + 0,8725, or  
— P  a ≤ 1 kW, η T = 0,89,  
— if the transmission is a high-efficiency drive as defined in 1(10) and  
— P  a ≥ 5 kW, η T = 0,98,  
— or 1 kW < P  a < 5 kW, η T = 0,01 * Pa + 0,93, or  
— P  a ≤ 1 kW, η T = 0,94.  
C m is the compensation factor to account for matching of components = 0,9;  
C c is the part load compensation factor:  
— for a motor without a variable speed drive C  c = 1,0,EN L 90/18 Official Journal of the European Union 6.4.2011— for a motor with a variable speed drive and P  ed ≥ 5 kW, then C  c = 1,04,  
— for a motor with a variable speed drive and P  ed < 5 kW, then C  c = – 0,03 ln(P  ed ) + 1,088.  
3.3. The fan gas power, P  u(s) (kW), is calculated according to the measurement category test method chosen by the fan 
supplier:  
(a) where the fan has been measured according to measurement category A, fan static gas power P  us is used from 
the equation P  us = q · p sf · k ps ; 
(b) where the fan has been measured according to measurement category B, fan gas power P  u is used from the 
equation P  u = q · p f · k p ; 
(c) where the fan has been measured according to measurement category C, fan static gas power P  us is used from 
the equation P  us = q · p sf · k ps ; 
(d) where the fan has been measured according to measurement category D, fan gas power P  u is used from the 
equation P  u = q · p f · k p . 
4. Methodology for calculating the target energy efficiency  
The target energy efficiency is the energy efficiency a fan from a given fan type must achieve in order to comply 
with the requirements set out in this Regulation (expressed in full percentage points). The target energy efficiency is 
calculated by efficiency formulas that include the electrical input power P  e(d) and the minimum efficiency grade as 
defined in Annex I. The complete power range is covered by two formulas: one for fans with an electric input power 
from 0,125 kW up to and including 10 kW and the other for fans above 10 kW up to and including 500 kW.  
There are three series of fan types for which energy efficiency formulas are developed to reflect the different 
characteristics of various fan types:  
4.1. The target energy efficiency for axial fans, centrifugal forward curved fans and centrifugal radial bladed fans (axial fan  
within) is calculated using the following equations:  
Power range P from 0,125 kW to 10 kW  Power range P from 10 kW to 500 kW  
η target  = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N  η target  = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N  
where the input power P is the electrical input power P  e(d) and N is the integer of the energy efficiency grade 
required.  
4.2. The target energy efficiency for centrifugal backward curved fans without housing, centrifugal backward curved fans 
with housing and mixed flow fans is calculated using the following equations:  
Power range P from 0,125 kW to 10 kW  Power range P from 10 kW to 500 kW  
η target  = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N  η target  = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N  
where the input power P is the electrical input power P  e(d) and N is the integer of the energy efficiency grade 
required.  
4.3. The target energy efficiency for cross flow fans is calculated using the following equations:  
Power range P from 0,125 kW to 10 kW  Power range P from 10 kW to 500 kW  
η target  = 1,14 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N  η target  = N  
where the input power P is the electrical input power P  e(d) and N is the integer of the energy efficiency grade 
required.  
5. Applying the target energy efficiency  
The fan overall efficiency η e calculated according to the appropriate method in Section 3 of Annex II must be equal 
to or greater than the target value η target  set by the efficiency grade to meet the minimum energy efficiency 
requirements.EN 6.4.2011 Official Journal of the European Union L 90/19ANNEX III  
VERIFICATION PROCEDURE FOR MARKET SURVEILLANCE PURPOSES  
When performing the market surveillance checks referred to in Article 3(2) of Directive 2009/125/EC, the authorities of 
the Member States shall apply the following verification procedure for the requirements set out in Annex I.  
1. The authorities of the Member State shall test one single unit.  
2. The model shall be considered to comply with the provisions set out in this Regulation if the overall efficiency of the 
fan ( η e ) is at least target energy efficiency*0,9 calculated using the formulas in Annex II (Section 3) and the applicable 
efficiency grades from Annex I.  
3. If the result referred to in point 2 is not achieved:  
— for models that are produced in lower quantities than five per year, the model shall be considered not to comply 
with this Regulation,  
— for models that are produced in quantities of five or more per year, the market surveillance authority shall 
randomly test three additional units.  
4. The model shall be considered to comply with the provisions set out in this Regulation if the average of the overall 
efficiency ( η e ) of the three units referred to in point 3 is at least target energy efficiency*0,9 using the formulas in 
Annex II (Section 3) and the applicable efficiency grades from Annex I.  
5. If the results referred to in point 4 are not achieved, the model shall be considered not to comply with this Regulation.EN L 90/20 Official Journal of the European Union 6.4.2011ANNEX IV  
INDICATIVE BENCHMARKS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 6  
At the time of adoption of this Regulation, the best available technology on the market for fans is as indicated in Table 1. 
These benchmarks may not always be achievable in all applications or for the full power range covered by the Regulation.  
Table 1  
Indicative benchmarks for fans  
Fan types  Measurement category (A-D)  Efficiency category 
(static or total)  Efficiency grade  
Axial fan  A, C  static  65  
B, D  total  75  
Centrifugal forward curved fan and 
centrifugal radial bladed fan  A, C  static  62  
B, D  total  65  
Centrifugal backward curved fan 
without housing  A, C  static  70  
Centrifugal backward curved fan 
with housing  A, C  static  72  
B, D  total  75  
Mixed flow fan  A, C  static  61  
B, D  total  65  
Cross flow fan  B, D  total  32EN 6.4.2011 Official Journal of the European Union L 90/21