RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/TPR/G/200 
5 May 2008  
 
(08-2086) 
Trade Policy Review Body Original: English 
   
 
  
 
TRADE POLICY REVIEW 
 
Report by 
 
UNITED STATES 
 
  
 
Pursuant to the Agreement Establishi ng the Trade Policy Review Mechanism 
(Annex 3 of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade 
Organization), the policy statement by United States is attached. 
 
 
Note: This report is subject to restricted circ ulation and press embargo until the end of the first 
 session of the meeting of the Trade Policy Review Body on United States. United States WT/TPR/G/200 
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CONTENTS 
 Page 
I. THE UNITED STATES IN THE MULTILATERAL SYSTEM 5 
 (1) O VERVIEW  5 
II. THE UNITED STATES ECONOM IC AND TRADE ENVIRONMENT 7 
 (i) Trade policy 7 
 (ii) Growth 7  (iii) Federal Budget Deficit 8 
 (iv) Saving 8 
 (v) Labor Markets 8  (vi) Productivity 8 
 (vii) Exports, Imports, and Trade Balance 9 
 (viii) Recent Challenges to the U.S. Economy 9  (ix) Conclusion 10 
III. OPENNESS AND ACCOUNTABILITY:  BUILDING SUPPORT FOR TRADE 10 
 (i) The U.S. System 10 
IV. TRADE POLICY DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 2006 12 
 (1) WTO
 AGREEMENTS AND INITIATIVES  12 
 (i) The Doha Development Agenda 12 
 (ii) Implementation of Existing Agreements 13 
 (2) R EGIONAL INITIATIVES  13 
 (i) North American Free Trade Agreement 14 
 (ii) Free Trade Area of the Americas Negotiations 14 
 (iii) Central America and the Dominican Republic 15  (iv) Southern African Customs Union Free Trade Agreement Negotiations 15 
 (v) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum 15 
 (vi) The Enterprise for ASEAN Initiative (EAI) 16  (vii) Middle East Free Trade Area (MEFTA) 16 
 (viii) Enhancing Transatlantic Economic Relations 16 
 (ix) African Growth and Opportunity Act 17  (x) The Caribbean Basin Initiative 18 
 (xi) Andean Trade Preference Act 18 
 (3) B
ILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENS (FTA S) 19 
 (i) United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement 19 
 (ii) United States-Singapo re Free Trade Agreement 19 
 (iii) United States-Jordan Free Trade Agreement 19  (iv) United States-Israel  Free Trade Agreement 19 
 (v) United States-Australia  Free Trade Agreement 20 
 (vi) United States-Moro cco Free Trade Agreement 20 
 (vii) United States-Bahra in Free Trade Agreement 20 WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
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 (viii) United States-Thailand Free Trade Agreement Negotiations 20 
 (ix) United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement 21 
 (x) United States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement 21 
 (xi) United States-Panam a Free Trade Agreement 21 
 (xii) United States-Oman Free Trade Agreement 21 
 (xiii) United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement 22  (xiv) United States-Malaysia Fr ee Trade Agreement Negotiations 22 
V. TRADE-RELATED CAPACITY  BUILDING INITIATIVES 22 
VI. LEGISLATIVE AGENDA 24 
VII. LABOR ISSUES  24 
VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 25 IX. LOOKING FORWARD 26 
 
ANNEX I:   U.S. SUBMISSIONS TO THE WTO IN SUPPORT OF THE 
 DOHA DEVELOPMENT AGENDA       28 
 United States WT/TPR/G/200 
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I. THE UNITED STATES IN THE MULTILATERAL SYSTEM 
(1) OVERVIEW  
1. The United States remains firmly committed to the World Trade Organization as the 
embodiment of the open, transparent, rules-based multilateral trading system.  As the 
U.S Government undergoes its ninth Trade Policy Revi ew, and as an active participant in the Trade 
Policy Review Mechanism, the United States stead fastly believes that transparency is a key 
component of robust world trade.  As a key archit ect of the post-World War II trading system and a 
leader in the pursuit of successive trade-liberalizi ng rounds of trade negotiations, the United States 
shares a common purpose with our WTO partners:  expanding economic opportunities for the world’s 
citizens by reducing trade barriers.  The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) is the ninth successive 
round of multilateral trade negotiations to be carried out since the end of World War II. 
2. As 2008 begins to unfold, the Doha  negotiations face another critic al juncture.  Concluding an 
ambitious Doha Round is President Bush’s top tr ade negotiating priority as a means to generate 
economic growth through meaningful new trade fl ows in agriculture, industrial goods and services - 
helping to lift millions of people in developing count ries out of poverty.  Along with the day-to-day 
implementation of the rules governing world trade,  the DDA negotiations reflect the imperative of 
continued multilateral trade liberalization as part of the foundation that ensures stability and growth in 
a dynamic world economy.  The Administration rea lizes that a window of opportunity exists to 
conclude the Doha Round in 2008 a nd looks forward to working with our trading partners to achieve 
the ambitious and balanced outcome that w ill be necessary for a successful agreement. 
3. The fundamental features of U.S. trade policy -- maintenance of an open, competitive market 
at home, compliance with WTO obligations, and lead ership in the multilateral trading system -- are 
unchanged despite new challenges presented by a dynamic, global economy.  Over the period of 
review, rapidly expanding exports  were an important factor in the strong economic growth 
experienced by the U.S. economy, while strong U.S. import growth contributed to the export expansion of U.S. foreign trade partners around th e globe.  As we confront an economic slowdown 
brought about by challenges in the housing and credit markets, traditional drivers of growth such as 
consumption and investment are being adversely affect ed.  In this environment, strong export growth 
is playing an important role in supporting the U. S. economy.  In 2007, U.S. exports of goods and 
services accounted for 42 percent of overall U.S. GD P growth.  If the United States is to be successful 
in ensuring economic growth for the long-term, an  open trade policy that supports faster growing 
exports will play a prominent role.  The Unite d States needs open markets around the world to 
withstand protectionist pressures at home and to su stain the economic arguments at the core of our 
sixty-year old, bipartisan, open trade policy.  
4. USTR continues to consult closely with  the Congress, including on the WTO Doha 
Development Agenda and on legisl ation intended to bring the United States into compliance with 
adverse WTO rulings. 
5. The Administration worked with congressional l eaders to achieve the Bipartisan Agreement 
on Trade Policy of May 10, 2007.  The strong bipartisan votes in the House and Senate in support of the Peru Trade Promotion Agreement in late 2007 marked  the first step in realizing the promise of the 
May 10th agreement.  The Administration is enga ged with Congress to achieve the same success with 
respect to Colombia, Panama, and Korea free trade ag reements.  The Administration also worked with 
Congress to reauthorize the Andean Trade Prefer ence Act.  The Administration is committed to 
working with Congress to advance a pro-trade age nda that promotes economic prosperity and by 
addressing the changes and disruptions that  can follow from increased globalization. WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
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6. Private sector advice is both a critical and inte gral part of the trade policy process.  USTR 
maintains an ongoing dialogue with interested private sector parties on trade agenda issues.  The advisory committee system is unique since the committees meet on a regular basis and receive 
sensitive information about ongoing trade nego tiations and other trade policy issues and 
developments.  Committee members are required to have a national security clearance. 
7. The 28 U.S. advisory committees provide information and advice with respect to 
U.S. negotiating objectives and bargaining positions before the Government enters into trade 
agreements, on the operation of any trade agreement once entered into, and on other matters arising in 
connection with the development,  implementation, and administration of U.S. trade policy.   
8. The Administration is convinced that the United States must continue to pursue the economic 
policies of the last six decades which have produ ced an exceptionally diverse, innovative, productive, 
open and prosperous economy.  The pursuit of these policies – embraced by Republican and 
Democratic Administrations and Congresses alike – has created a strong foundation on which to build 
prosperity and freedom for future generations. 
9. The Administration is addressing the employment disruptions directly attributable to trade 
policy.  Together with Congress, the President has pledged to work to improve the Trade Adjustment 
Assistance (TAA) program and help trade-affect ed workers and farmers access the reemployment 
services and training they need to return to wo rk quickly.  TAA reform would complement the 
President‘s American Competitiveness Initiative, which is designed to ensure U.S. competitiveness in 
innovation through investment that strengthens education and encourages entrepreneurship, and 
research and development. 
10. As part of its broader efforts to liberalize trad e, and still within the scope of WTO rules, the 
United States is pursuing regional and bilateral initia tives for free trade areas.  The U.S. view that 
regional and bilateral agreements can act as an in cubator and catalyst for multilateral liberalization is 
not new.  Between 1934 and 1945, the United States entered into thirty-two reciprocal trade agreements, many of which had clauses that foresh adowed those currently in the General Agreement 
on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).  Since then, U.S. agreements have built on existing WTO 
commitments, and pushed for more.  For example, U.S. agreements provide duty- free, quota free 
access for nearly all imports from its partners;  they reaffirm WTO disciplines and increase IPR protection;  they solidify and expand trade fac ilitation measures;  and they introduce labor and 
environmental protection standards.  Overall, U.S.  bilateral and regional agreements appear to be 
adding momentum to global trade liberalization, fo stering trade and economic growth, and stimulating 
our FTA partners to greater participation in the WTO. 
11. Integral to the Administration’s goal of accelerating growth and economic reform in the 
developing world and, most importantly, in its poorest  regions, are the four U.S. preference programs 
(the Generalized System of Preferences, the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), the 
Caribbean Basin Initiative, and the Andean Trade Pr eference Act) through which eligible products 
enter the United States duty-free from 131 beneficiary developing countries.  In 2007, the Administration also worked to implement enhan cements to AGOA that were granted to lesser-
developed countries by the Africa Investment Incen tive Act (AIIA), which President Bush signed on 
December 20, 2006.  
12. Trade capacity building (TCB) is a critical part  of the United States’ strategy to help 
developing countries to implement and take advantage of market-ope ning and reform-oriented trade 
agreements.  The United States remains committed to assisting developing countries build up their 
capacity by providing trade capacity building assistance or aid for trade.  The further integration of United States WT/TPR/G/200 
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developing countries into the multilateral trading syst em is a high priority for the United States, 
including the development and implementation of trade policies founded on the WTO Agreements.  
Total U.S. funding for TCB activities from 2001 to 2 007 was approximately $7.1 billion.  The United 
States has and will continue to support the WTO’s ro le in aid for trade as well as the Enhanced 
Integrated Framework that aims to help the l east trade-active countries participate in the global 
trading system. 
13. The United States’ efforts build on its long-sta nding commitment to help all countries benefit 
from the global trading system, including through mechanisms such as the Enhanced Integrated 
Framework and the Millennium Challenge Corporation;  contributions to the WTO =s Global Trust 
Fund for Trade-Related Technical Assistance;  assist ance to countries acceding to the WTO;  targeted 
assistance for developing countries participating in  U.S. preference programs, such as the $200 
million African Global Competitiveness Initiative he lping Africa benefit from AGOA;  coordination 
of assistance through Trade and Investment Framew ork Agreements (TIFAs);  TCB working groups 
that are integral elements of free trade negotiati ons;  and Committees on TCB created to aid in the 
implementation of a number of FTAs, including the FTAs with the Dominican Republic and Central 
America, and Peru.  Similar committees will also aid in the implementation of FTAs with Colombia and Panama as those enter into force.  Other T CB assistance includes helping developing countries 
work with the private sector and non-government al organizations, to transition to more open 
economies, prepare for FTA and WTO negotiati ons and implement their trade obligations. 
14. An important element of U.S. support for the multilateral system is the recognition that the 
system, including the WTO, is a work in progress.  Members, therefore, must take responsibility for 
important institutional improvements.  The Unit ed States will continue to press for increased 
transparency in WTO operations, in WTO nego tiations and in Members’ trade policies. 
II. THE UNITED STATES ECONOMIC AND TRADE ENVIRONMENT 
(i) Trade policy 
15. The Administration believes that the more integrated global economy of the 21st century 
offers unparalleled economic  opportunities for the United States and its trading partners.  Open 
markets at home and free trade have made possible the American dream.  With 95 percent of the 
world’s people living outside the United States, th e Administration is committed to negotiating trade 
agreements, both multilateral and b ilateral, that open foreign markets to the manufactured goods, 
services and agricultural products that Americans produce so well.  Exports now support one in six 
manufacturing jobs.  Imports have lowered cost s and increased choices for American consumers. 
16. The current U.S. simple average tariff is 3.5 percent on a legally bound basis under the WTO.  
When GSP and other preferences are taken into account , the U.S. trade weighted average tariff is just 
1.3 percent on an applied basis.  Last year near ly 70 percent of all U.S. imports (including under 
preference programs) entered the United States duty fr ee.  U.S. service markets are open to foreign 
providers and U.S. regulatory processes are transparent and accessible to the public. 
(ii) Growth 
17. The real gross domestic product (GDP) of the Un ited States advanced 2.9 percent in 2006 and 
2.2 percent in 2007, compared to an average annual rate of 3.4 percent in 2004 and 2005.  This slower growth reflected a nearly 21 percent decline in the construction of residential structures.  In fact, 
declining housing investment alone is sufficien t to account fully for the GDP growth slow down 
between 2004-2005 and 2006-2007.  Non-residential fixed investment in the U.S. economy remained WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
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strong at an average annual rate of 5.7 percent in 2006-2007, compared to 6.4 percent in 2004-2005.  
Personal consumption expenditures, which account fo r over two thirds of U.S. GDP, weakened only 
slightly, from an annual average growth rate of 3.4 percent in 2004-2005 to 3.0 percent in 2006-2007.  The growth of government expenditures for both c onsumption and investment picked up, from an 
annual average of 1.1 percent in 2004-2005 to 1.9 percent in 2006-2007.  Also, the average annual 
increase in real exports of goods and services in 2006-2007 was 8.2 percent, comparable to the 8.3 
percent annual average increase in 2004-2005.  Expo rt expansion accounted for 32 percent of U.S. 
GDP growth in 2006 and 42 percent in 2007.  At th e same time, domestic price inflation declined 
slightly with the implicit price deflator for ove rall GDP decreasing from an annual average of 3.1 
percent in 2004-2005 to 2.9 percent in 2006-2007. 
(iii) Federal Budget Deficit 
18. The federal budget deficit continued to fall fro m the preceding period of review through the 
current period of review.  The budget deficit equa lled 3.5 percent of GDP in 2004, 2.6 percent in 
2005, 1.9 percent in 2006 and 1.2 percent in 2007.  Sustained economic growth contributed to faster 
growth of federal government receip ts (average of 9.2 percent per year in 2006 and 2007) than in 
federal government outlays (co rresponding annual average of 5.1 percent) during the period of 
review. 
(iv) Saving 
19. U.S. gross saving declined as a percentage of gr oss national income from a recent peak of just 
over 18 percent in 1998 to 13.3 percent in 2007, the r ecent low.  Under the period of review, saving as 
a share of income reached 14.1 percent in 2006, fallin g back to 13.3 percent in 2007.  With levels of 
gross domestic investment in the U.S. economy far in excess of U.S. saving, large net inflows of 
foreign capital occurred, amounting, under national income and product definitions, to $624 billion in 
2004, $735 billion in 2005, $794 billion in 2006, declining to $711 billion in 2007.  The short fall 
between gross saving and gross domestic investment has reflected in part falling levels of personal 
saving out of current income.  In  the opening years of the last decade, for example, the personal 
saving rate was in excess of 5 percent of gross na tional income.  Personal saving as a share of gross 
national income was just 0.3 percent in 2006 and 2007.  These recent rates compare to shares of 1.6 
percent in 2004 and 0.4 percent in 2005.  The fu rther fall in personal saving rates from the preceding 
to the current period of review was, however, roughly offset by increased corporate profits and reduced government budget deficits.  
(v) Labor Markets 
20. Employment growth continued in the Unite d States over the period under review.  The 
economy added nearly 2.4 million net new non-farm j obs in 2006 and over 1.5 million in 2007 to an 
average level of 137.6 million.  The unemployment rate averaged 5.1 percent in 2005, easing to an 
average of 4.6 percent in 2006 and 2007.  In 2006 and 2007, U.S. manufacturing employment 
declined by 342,000 to an average level of 13.9 million.  Manufacturing now represents slightly more 
than one in ten U.S. non-farm jobs.  Service-produc ing industries employed 84 percent of all U.S. 
non-farm workers in 2007.  
(vi) Productivity 
21. Labor productivity continued to grow at a faster  rate than during the 1970’s and 1980’s.  For 
the business sector overall, labor productivity grew at an average annual rate of almost 1.9 percent in 
2006 and 2007 (fourth quarter to fourth quarter co mparison).  For the manufacturing sector, output per 
hour worked grew at a considerably faster rate, 3. 9 percent annually over the two years.  The rapid United States WT/TPR/G/200 
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rates of labor productivity growth in manufacturing have likely contributed to the reduction in overall 
manufacturing employment in the United States.  Even as manufacturing employment declined, real 
output of the U.S. manufacturing sector grew at an average annual rate of 3.5 percent a year in 2006 and 2007. 
22. Increasing labor productivity is a central factor  underlying improvements in incomes and the 
material standard of living.  Inflation adjusted hourly labor compensation rose at an annual average 
rate of 1.5 percent over the two years 2006-2007.  Many factors c ould be mentioned to help account 
for the U.S.-productivity growth improvements since the mid-1990s, most notably technological advances.  The United States considers that more  open markets and the WTO-based global trading 
system have contributed importantly to competition in the U.S. market, the shift of employment 
expansion to more productive jobs and to  the overall success of the U.S. economy. 
(vii) Exports, Imports, and Trade Balance 
23. U.S. trade continued to expand during the pe riod under review.  In 2006 and 2007, real 
exports of goods and services grew at an average annua l rate of 8.2 percent while U.S. real imports of 
goods and services grew at a 3.9 percent annual rate .  As a share of nominal GDP, goods and services 
exports rose from 10.5 percent in 2005 to 11.9 perc ent in 2007, while imports of goods and services 
rose from 16.3 percent in 2005 to 17.0 percent in 2007.   Import prices rose faster than export prices, 
with the implicit price deflator rising at an annual average of 3.5 percent for exports and 3.8 percent 
for imports.  
24. As a result of these factors, the U.S. goods and services trade deficit with other countries (on 
a national income and product accounts basis) rose from $714.6 billion (5.7 percent of U.S. GDP) in 
2005 to $762.0 billion (5.8 percent of GDP) in  2006, subsequently dec lining to $708.0 billion 
(5.1 percent of GDP) in 2007.  U.S. goods and services imports in 2007 were $2.35 trillion, with 
imports rising by $327 billion from 2005 to 2007.  U.S. goods and services exports in 2007 were 
$1.64 trillion, with exports rising by $334 billion between 2005 and 2007.  The United States was the 
destination for nearly 23 percent of world goods  exports in 2006 (excluding intra-EU25 trade). 
(viii) Recent Challenges to the U.S. Economy 
25. The United States has faced considerable economic challenges in recent months that are not 
fully reflected in data covering the period of re view.  These economic challenges are summarized as 
follows. 
26. A decline in U.S. demand for housing in recent quarters has resulted in excess 
U.S. inventories of unsold homes, falling housing pr ices and declining levels of investment in new 
residential construction.  Declin ing new home construction has directly subtracted from U.S. GDP 
growth since the first quarter of 20 06.  Furthermore, the rate of de fault on recently issued mortgages 
for the purchase of homes has risen. The results have  been loss of homes for some U.S. homeowners, 
asset depreciation and solvency concerns for some lenders and substantially tighter credit conditions 
in U.S. financial markets.  Falling housing prices, tight credit and a weakening job market are also 
negatively impacting U.S. consumer confidence.  The full range of public policy responses, including 
monetary and fiscal policy actions, is being brought to  bear to help resolve these economic challenges.  
Overall GDP growth until recently has stood up fairly well.   Growth in the fourth quarter of last year, 
however, was a slight 0.6 percent at an annual rate a nd is widely expected in the first half of 2008 to 
be minimal, at best.  Time will be required for th e housing market to return to equilibrium, for public 
policy actions to have their full impact and for credit  markets to fully absorb and adjust to the current WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
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challenges.  The United States has full confidence that the current difficulties are being productively 
addressed and that the economy will m ove back to healthy expansion. 
(ix) Conclusion 
27. One of the great benefits of the WTO-based globa l trading system is to help facilitate needed 
economic adjustments by individual countries and by the system as a whole.  Commitment to 
fulfilling current undertakings under the WTO and to  working effectively toward further barrier 
removal and trade expansion is the heart of th e post World War II trading system.  But this 
commitment is never more important than at mo ments of stress in the world economy when false 
promises that restriction of import markets might ea se domestic economic difficulties can be alluring.  
The United States strongly adheres to the objective of  a well functioning, rules-based trading system 
and the further reduction and elimination of rest rictions and distortions to the free flow of 
international trade under the WTO.  The effective functioning of the WTO and the ultimate success of 
the Doha Development Agenda in lowering barrier s to trade and further expanding international 
commerce is central to a U.S. vision of a healthy economic future for us and for our trade partners 
among high income and developing countries alike. 
III. OPENNESS AND ACCOUNTABILITY:  BUILDING SUPPORT FOR TRADE 
28. Building support for trade among our diverse do mestic constituencies and the international 
community is one of the most important challenges the WTO and its Members face.  Improving the transparency and openness of both the WTO and our individual domestic processes, and ensuring that 
we hear the concerns of stakeholders, are among the keys to meeting this challenge.  These issues are 
of great importance in the United States and are f undamental to the way our government operates and 
interacts with the American citizenry.  We thi nk it important that other WTO Members know more 
about how our system works, as they consider ho w best to build support for trade in their own 
countries and as we explore collectively how to a ddress the same issues for the WTO.  In this 
connection, we are very pleased that, to date, eight  WTO dispute settlement pa nel meetings have been 
opened to public observation, and that more such m eetings are scheduled to be opened as well.  Not 
only do open meetings help the public to see th e professional and objective manner in which dispute 
settlement is conducted and therefor e facilitate implementation of the results, they also permit all 
Members, including those who do not participate fre quently in disputes, to observe the dispute 
settlement system at work. 
(i) The U.S. System 
29. Consulting with those interested in and affected by issues is an important part of any 
government’s responsibility, and is a hallmark of th e U.S. system.  Advice from stakeholders is both a 
critical and integral part of the trade policy process .  The U.S. government consults with interested 
parties on a regular basis through a variety of mechanisms, both formal and informal.  U.S. 
Government agencies regularly solicit public comment on trade issues. 
(a) Policy Coordination 
30. The U.S. Trade Representative has primary res ponsibility, with the advice of the interagency 
trade policy mechanism, for developing and coordi nating the implementation of U.S. trade policy, 
including on commodity matters and to the extent they  are related to trade, direct investment matters.  
Under the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, Congress esta blished an interagency trade policy mechanism 
to assist with the implementation of these responsibiliti es.  This system, as it has evolved, consists of 
three tiers of committees that constitute the princi pal mechanism for developing and coordinating U.S. 
Government positions on international trad e and trade-related investment issues.  United States WT/TPR/G/200 
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31. The Trade Policy Review Group (TPRG) and the Trade Policy Staff Committee (TPSC), 
administered and chaired by USTR, are the subcab inet interagency trade policy coordination groups 
that are central to this process.  Supporting the TPSC are more than 80 subcommittees responsible for 
specialized issues.  The TPSC is the first line ope rating group, with representation at the senior civil 
servant level.  The TPSC regularly seeks advice from the public on its policy decisions and 
negotiations through Federal  Register  notices and public hearings. 
32. Through the interagency process, USTR requests input and analysis from members of the 
appropriate TPSC subcommittee or task force.  The conclusions and recommendations of this group 
are then presented to the full TPSC and serve as the basis for reaching interagency consensus.  If 
agreement is not reached in the TPSC, or if par ticularly significant policy questions are being 
considered, issues are referred to the TP RG (Deputy USTR/Under Secretary level).  
33. Member agencies of the TPSC and the TPRG consist of the Departments of Commerce, 
Agriculture, State, Treasury, Labor, Justice, Defens e, Interior, Transportation, Energy, Health and 
Human Services, Homeland Security, the Envi ronmental Protection Agency, the Office of 
Management and Budget, the Council of Economic Advisers, the Council on Environmental Quality, 
the International Development Cooperation Agency , the National Economic C ouncil, and the National 
Security Council.  The U.S. In ternational Trade Commission is a non-voting member of the TPSC and 
an observer at TPRG meetings.  Representatives of other agencies also may be invited to attend 
meetings depending on the specific issues discussed. 
(b) Advisory Committee Process 
34. Private sector advice is both a critical and inte gral part of the trade policy process.  USTR 
maintains an ongoing dialogue with interested private sector parties on trade agenda issues.  The advisory committee system is unique since the committees meet on a regular basis and receive 
sensitive information about ongoing trade nego tiations and other trade policy issues and 
developments. 
35. The U.S. Congress established the private sector  advisory committee system in 1974 to ensure 
that U.S. trade policy and trade negotiation obj ectives adequately reflect U.S. commercial and 
economic interests.  Congress expanded and enhanced the role and objectives of this system in three 
subsequent Trade Acts.  The system currently co nsists of 28 advisory committees, with a total 
membership of approximately 700 advisors and membership can grow to a total of up to 1,000 advisors.  Recommendations for candidates for co mmittee membership are collected from a number 
of sources, including Members of Congress, associ ations and organizations , publications, other 
federal agencies, and individuals who have demonstrated  an interest or expertise in U.S. trade policy.  
Membership selection is based on qualifications, geogr aphy, and the needs of the specific committee.  
Members pay for their own travel and other related expenses. 
36. The system is arranged in three tiers:  (a) the President’s Advisory Committee for Trade 
Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN);  (b) 5 policy advisory committees dealing with environment, 
labor, agriculture, Africa, and intergovernmental issues;  and (c) 22 technical and sectoral advisory committees in the areas of industry and agricultu re.  Additional information on the advisory 
committee system can be found on the USTR webs ite (http://www.ustr.gov /outreach/advise.shtml).  
Tier I:  The ACTPN 
37. The ACTPN consists of not more than 45 members who are broadly representative of the key 
economic sectors affected by trade.  The Preside nt appoints ACTPN members for two-year renewable 
terms.  The ACTPN is the highest-tier committee in the system that examines U.S. trade policy and WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
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agreements from the broad contex t of the overall national interest.  Members of ACTPN are appointed 
to represent a variety of interests including non-fe deral governments, labor, industry, agriculture, 
small business, service industries, reta ilers, and consumer interests.  
Tier II:  The Policy Advisory Committees 
38. At the second tier, the members of the five policy advisory committees are appointed by the 
USTR alone or in conjunction with other Cabinet officers.  The Intergovernmental Policy Advisory Committee (IGPAC) and the Trade Advisory Co mmittee for Africa (TACA)  are appointed and 
managed solely by USTR.  The remaining three policy advisory committees that USTR manages 
jointly with the Departments of Agriculture and La bor, and the Environmental Protection Agency are, 
respectively, the Agricultural Policy Advisory Committee (APAC), Labor Advisory Committee for 
Trade Negotiations and Trade Policy (LAC), a nd the Trade and Environment Policy Advisory 
Committee (TEPAC).  Each committee provides advi ce based upon the perspective of its specific 
area. 
Tier III:  The Technical and Sectoral Advisory Committees 
39. At the third tier, the 22 technical and sectoral advisory committees are organized into two 
areas:  industry and agriculture.  Representatives  are appointed jointly by the USTR and the 
Secretaries of Agriculture and Commerce, respec tively.  Each sectoral or technical committee 
represents a specific sector or commodity group and provides specific technical advice concerning the effect that trade policy decisions may have on its sector or issue.  
40. Throughout 2007, USTR conti nued to solicit advice from cleared advisors, business and 
agriculture sectors, state governments, and othe r domestic stakeholders and the general public 
regarding U.S. objectives for the DDA in areas such  as agriculture, non-agriculture market access and 
services.  USTR also conducted outreach and consulta tions with advisors and domestic stakeholders 
on WTO accession negotiations for Cape Verde, Russia and Ukraine, for example.  USTR developed Fact Sheets for posting 
TO the public website and disseminated these broadly to interested parties. 
IV. TRADE POLICY DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 2006 
(1) WTO  AGREEMENTS AND INITIATIVES  
(i) The Doha Development Agenda 
41. The United States played a critical role in launching the Doha Round at the Fourth WTO 
Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar.  At the core of the Doha Round is  creation of additional 
economic opportunities through new and real market openings, as well as agricultural reform.  These 
negotiations, along with the day-to-day implementati on of the rules governing world trade, represent a 
dynamic approach to the furthering of global trade liberalization and strengthening of the rules-based 
trading system that is vital to the growth of th e world economy and continued peace and prosperity.  
The United States has responded to the challenge  and opportunity presented by the Doha Round by 
making ambitious proposals to advance the negotiatio ns (See Annex I) and by working relentlessly to 
promote progress. 
42. In his 2008 State of the Union address, Preside nt Bush noted that the United States is 
committed to concluding a strong Doha Round this year, and providing the leadership necessary to achieve this objective.  The President reaffirmed his commitment to open world markets and to ensure 
that the Doha Round reaches an ambitious, successfu l conclusion at a March 12, 2008 speech before 
the U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce.  He stated that the time is now for WTO Members to United States WT/TPR/G/200 
 Page 13 
 
 
"forge a deal that opens up global trade fl ows and creates new opportunities for developed and 
developing nations alike."  With this in mind, th e United States looks forward to each of our trading 
partners making similar contributions to ensure success.  
(ii) Implementation of Existing Agreements 
43. Since entry into force of the Uruguay Rou nd Agreements in 1995, a central theme of 
U.S. policy has been to undertake the effective and timely implemen tation of our WTO commitments.  
We believe it is not only important for American trade interests, but for the WTO system as a whole, to ensure that all Members meet their commitments.  The various manifestations of this policy range 
from active and constructive partic ipation in the deliberations of WTO committees to the use of the 
dispute settlement mechanism.  U.S. trade policy seeks to support and advance the rule of law. 
44. The United States takes a leadership role in all aspects of WTO accessions, including 
bilateral, plurilateral, and multilate ral negotiations.  Our objective is to  ensure that new Members fully 
implement WTO provisions and to encourage trad e liberalization in developing and transforming 
economies.  The United States also provides a broad range of technical assistance to countries seeking 
accession to the WTO to help them meet the re quirements and challenges presented, both by the 
negotiations and the process of implementing WTO provisions in their trade regimes.  This assistance 
is provided through USAID and the Commercial La w Development Program (CLDP) of the U.S. 
Department of Commerce" (see Section "V. Trad e-Related Capacity Building Initiatives" below). 
45. The United States continues to be among the most  active participants in and frequent users of 
the WTO dispute settlement process, ensuring the enforcement of trade agreements and U.S. rights in 
the trading system.  Whenever possible we have s ought to reach favorable settlements that resolve the 
problem without having to resort to panel proceed ings.  Since the establishment of the WTO in 1995, 
the United States has filed 77 complaints at the WTO,  thus far successfully concluding 49 of them by 
settling 25 cases favorably and prevailing in 24 ot hers through litigation in WTO panels and the 
Appellate Body.  The United States has accepted its  responsibility to implement the rulings of the 
WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) in cases wh ere a U.S. measure has been found to be 
inconsistent with our WTO obligations;  and where le gislation has been required, we have worked and 
continue to work with Congress to secure the necessary legislation.
1   
(2) REGIONAL INITIATIVES  
46. The United States pursues an active agenda of ambitious trade liberalization on the 
multilateral, regional and bilateral le vels.  Regional and bilateral agreem ents that are fully consistent 
with WTO rules and objectives can both support an d expand trade liberalization in the multilateral 
trading system.  With this in mind, and in order to  capture and multiply the benefits of an expanding 
global trading system, the United States is activel y embarked on an agenda of greater commercial 
interaction, including in emerging markets. 
47. Regional work also includes monitoring co mpliance with, and improving functioning of, 
current agreements and programs, including the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 
the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), ASEAN Initiative (EAI), the Dominican Republic-
Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), the Caribbean Basin Econom ic Recovery Act (CBERA), and the Andean 
Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act (ATPDEA or ATPA).  
                                                     
 
1 See WT/TPR/G/160, 3 March 2006. WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
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48. Without exception, the regional initiatives in wh ich the United States is involved look to the 
WTO as a solid foundation upon which to build.  These initiatives are carried out in recognition of the 
desirability of increasing freedom of trade by th e development, through voluntary agreements, of 
closer integration between the economies of the co untries party to such agreements, as long as the 
agreements do not result in increasing the external barri ers of the parties.  Such agreements challenge 
the multilateral system to keep pace with the intere sts and needs of Members, and contribute to the 
WTO system by introducing inno vation and strengthened disciplines.  These agreements can become 
models for future multilateral liberalization in new areas, such as agriculture , services, investment, 
and environmental and labor standards.  All comp leted regional and bilateral free trade agreements 
have been notified to the WTO.  The United Stat es submitted requests for waivers for preferences 
provided under the AGOA, CBTPA and ATPA pr ograms in 2005, which are currently under 
consideration in the Council on Trade in Goods.  The following regional initia tives are each examples 
of the potential for future liberalization in new areas. 
(i) North American Free Trade Agreement 
49. On January 1, 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement between the United States, 
Canada, and Mexico (NAFTA) entere d into force.  NAFTA created th e world’s largest free trade area, 
which now links 440 million pe ople producing $16 trillion worth of goods and services.  The 
dismantling of trade barriers and the opening of markets has led to economic growth and rising prosperity in all three countries.  The closer ec onomic relationship promoted by NAFTA also includes 
supplemental labor and environmen tal agreements.  The NAFTA has dramatically improved our trade 
and economic relations with our neighbors.  Th e net result of these efforts is more economic 
opportunity and growth, greater fairness in our trad e relations, and better protection of worker rights 
and the environment in North America. 
50. Trade between the United States and its NAFTA partners has soared since the Agreement 
entered into force.  U.S. two-way trade with Canada and Mexico exceeds U.S. trade with the 
European Union and Japan combined.  U.S. goods exports to NAFTA partners more than doubled 
between 1993 and 2007, from $142 billion to $385 b illion, higher than U.S. export growth of 
140 percent to the rest of the world over the same period. 
51. By dismantling barriers, NAFTA has led to increased trade and investment, growth in 
employment, and enhanced competitiveness.  Fr om 1994 to 2005, cumulative foreign direct 
investment in the NAFTA countri es has increased by over $1.8 trilli on.  Increased investment has 
brought more and better-paying jobs, as well as lo wer costs and more choices for consumers and 
producers. 
(ii) Free Trade Area of the Americas Negotiations 
52. As agreed at the Fourth Summit of the Americas of November 2005 ("Mar del Plata 
Summit"), the government of Colombia undertook cons ultations to facilitate the exploration of the 
positions put forth at the Summit.  The vast majority  of leaders in the hemisphere, including President 
Bush, called for a continuation of the FTAA negotiati ons and the resumption of trade meetings.  Other 
leaders indicated that the conditions did not yet exis t for the achievement of the FTAA.  All 34 leaders 
agreed to explore these two positions in light of the outcome of the December 2005 WTO ministerial 
meeting.  Colombia’s consultations were aimed at facilitating a meeting of trade officials;  however, 
there was no agreement on the timing of a meeti ng and the FTAA negotiations remained suspended 
during 2006 and 2007. United States WT/TPR/G/200 
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(iii) Central America and the Dominican Republic 
53. On August 5, 2004, the United States signed the Dominican Republic–Central America–
United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) with five Central American countries (Costa Rica, 
El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua) and the Dominican Republic. 
54. On August 2, 2005, President Bush signed the implementing legislation for the CAFTA-DR.  
The CAFTA-DR entered into force for El Salva dor on March 1, 2006;  for Honduras on April 1, 
2006;  for Nicaragua on April 1, 2006;  for Guatemala on July 1, 2006;  and for the Dominican Republic on March 1, 2007.  Costa Rica approve d the CAFTA-DR through a national referendum on 
October 7, 2007.  The agreement has not yet entered into force for Costa Rica, however, pending their 
adoption of implementing le gislation and regulations. 
55. The CAFTA-DR is the first free trade agreemen t between the United States and a group of 
smaller developing economies.  This historic agreement will create new economic opportunities by 
eliminating tariffs, opening markets, promoting tr ansparency, and establishing state-of-the-art rules 
for 21st century commerce.  It w ill facilitate trade and investment  among the signatory countries and 
further regional integration. 
56. Central America and the Dominican Republic repr esent the third largest U.S. export market in 
Latin America, behind Mexico and Brazil.  U.S. exports to the CAFTA-DR countries were valued at 
$22.1 billion in 2007.  Combined total two-way trad e in 2007 between the United States and Central 
America and the Dominican Republic was nearly US$41 billion. 
(iv) Southern African Customs Union Free Trade Agreement Negotiations 
57. The United States and the Southern African Customs Union (SACU)–comprising Botswana, 
Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland, and South Africa–la unched free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations in 
2003.  Active FTA negotiations were suspended in April 2006.  The FTA remains a longer-term 
objective for both the United States and SACU. 
(v) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum 
58. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) fo rum has been instrumental in advancing 
regional and global trade and investment liberalizatio n since it was founded in 1989.  It has provided a 
forum for Leaders to meet annually since 1993, wh en APEC Leaders met at Blake Island in the 
United States.  The United States considers APEC  an important vehicle for building a regional 
economic structure to ensure prosperi ty and stability over the long-term.   
59. In 2007, the United States worked closely with Australia, the APEC Chair that year, to lead 
APEC Member Economies in pursuing an ambitious trade and investment liberalization agenda.  
Specifically, APEC helped to advance the WTO Doha Development Agenda  negotiations, promote 
regional economic integration, strengthen inte llectual property rights (IPR) protection and 
enforcement, spotlight the need for work on fo od and product import safety, advance trade in 
environmental goods and services, and set high sta ndards for FTAs.  In 2008, the United States will 
work with Peru, the APEC Chair this year, to develop concrete actions in these areas. 
60. APEC Member Economies continue to exercise leadership in the WTO.  In September 2007, 
APEC Leaders issued a strong statement pledging to demonstrate the "political will, flexibility and 
ambition to ensure the Doha Round negotiations ente r their final phase" in 2007.  Furthermore, they 
pledged to take steps to "resume negotiations on the b asis of the draft texts tabled by the chairs of the 
negotiating groups on agriculture and non-agricultura l market access."  APEC Leaders defined a WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
Page 16 
 
 
successful Doha agreement as one that "delivers re al and substantial market access improvement for 
agricultural and industrial goods and for services."  At  their first meeting of 2008 in February, Senior 
Officials reiterated these sentiments by stating in  the SOM Chair’s Communiqué that, "Supporting the 
multilateral trading system remains the highest priority for APEC Economies"…and committing "to 
work towards an ambitious and balanced out come that delivers real commercial gains." 
(vi) The Enterprise for ASEAN Initiative (EAI) 
61. President Bush announced in October 2002 a majo r new initiative, the Enterprise for ASEAN 
Initiative (EAI).  The EAI is intended to strengthe n U.S. trade and investment ties with ASEAN both 
as a region and bilaterally.  The ten-member ASEAN group of countries collectively is the United 
States’ fifth largest trading partner and trade conti nues to grow steadily, with $172 billion in two-way 
goods trade in 2007.  With rapidly growing economies and a collective population of around 500 
million, the ASEAN market provides significant potential opportunities for U.S. companies.  For ASEAN, this initiative will help boost trade and redi rect investment back to  the ASEAN region.  In 
August 2006, the United States and ASEAN deepened the relationship by concluding a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement.  This regi onal TIFA represents the commitment by both the 
United States and ASEAN countries to build upon the already strong trade and investment ties 
between us and to promote ASE AN regional economic integration. 
(vii) Middle East Free Trade Area (MEFTA) 
62. The United States Middle East Free Trade Ar ea initiative (MEFTA) seeks to promote trade 
expansion and economic reforms in North Africa and the Middle East leading to a Middle East Free 
Trade Area within a decade.  USTR has made significant progress in implementing the Middle East 
Free Trade Area (MEFTA) initiative.  Bilateral FTA s with Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Bahrain, and 
Oman have been concluded.  Th e United States and the United Arab Emirates have, for the immediate 
future, decided to build on the progress made in previous FTA negotiations by deepening their 
economic relationship through an enhanced Trade and Investment Framework Agreement process.  
Progress on WTO accessions has also been made.  Sa udi Arabia joined the WTO in December 2005.  
The United States currently supports the WTO accessi on efforts of Iraq, Lebanon, Algeria, Yemen, 
and Libya.   
(viii) Enhancing Transatlantic Economic Relations 
63. The huge size, advanced integration, and generally  robust health of the transatlantic trade and 
investment relationship have provide d an anchor of prosperity for both sides of the Atlantic, even as 
economic conditions in other parts of the world fluc tuate.  Recognizing the benefits of preserving and 
enhancing these productive ties, the United States and th e EU for some time have been interested in 
exploring ways to create new opportunities for tr ansatlantic economic activity.  Appreciating the 
benefits of enhanced transatlan tic economic ties, the United States and the EU continue actively to 
pursue initiatives to create new opportunities for transatlantic economic activity. 
64. At the April 2007 U.S.-EU Summit, Leader s launched the Framework for Advancing 
Transatlantic Economic Integration, with the goa l of fostering cooperation and reducing trade and 
investment barriers through a multi-year work progr am.  Building upon the 2005 U.S.-EU Initiative to 
Enhance Economic Integration and Growth, this ne w Framework also established the Transatlantic 
Economic Council (TEC) to oversee the efforts outlined in the Framework and accelerate progress on economic integration.  The initial TEC meeting in November 2007 reviewed progress in removing 
barriers to trade and investment and in easing re gulatory burdens, and mandated specific action plans 
and commitments for further progress before the next TEC meeting in May, 2008. United States WT/TPR/G/200 
 Page 17 
 
 
(ix) African Growth and Opportunity Act 
65. The African Growth and Opportunity Act ( AGOA) provides incentives to promote economic 
reform and trade expansion in s ub-Saharan Africa, including duty-free access to the U.S. market for 
products made in beneficiary sub-Saharan African  countries.  The AGOA Acceleration Act of 2004, 
signed by President Bush into law on July 13, 20 04, amended several key provisions of AGOA.  It 
extended the authorization of the overall AGOA program from 2008 to 2015 and extended AGOA’s 
special third-country fabric provision by three years, to September 30, 2007.  Under this provision, less-developed beneficiary countries are permitted to th ird-country fabric in apparel imported into the 
United States under AGOA, subject to an overall cap.   
66. In 2007, the Administration worked to implement the enhancements to AGOA contained in 
the Africa Investment Incentive Act (AIIA), which President Bush signed on December 20, 2006.  
The AIIA extended to 2012 the AGOA third-country fabric provision that allows duty-free treatment 
for imports from lesser-developed AGOA beneficiary countries of qualifying AGOA apparel made of 
fabric from any source.  For lesser-developed AGO A beneficiary countries, the AIIA expanded the 
list of items eligible for duty-free treatment to include certain non-appare l textile products if 
originating entirely in one or more lesser deve loped beneficiary sub-Sa haran African countries. 
67. AGOA requires the President to monitor, review, and report to Congress annually on the 
progress of sub-Saharan African countries in meeting the AGOA eligibility criteria set out in the legislation.  If the President determines that a country is not making continual progress in meeting 
these criteria, he is required to terminate that country’s eligibility for the following year. 
68. An interagency AGOA Implementation S ubcommittee, chaired by USTR, makes 
recommendations to the President on AGOA eligib ility of countries based on an annual eligibility 
review.  The Subcommittee draws informatio n from the private sector, non-governmental 
organizations, U.S. Government agencies, and prospective beneficiary governments. 
69.  No countries were removed from AGOA eligibility in  2007.  In June 2007, on the basis of an 
interim eligibility review, President Bush determ ined that Mauritania was meeting the eligibility 
criteria.  He therefore re-designated Mauritania as a beneficiary country (it had been removed from 
AGOA eligibility in 2006).  This re-designation brin gs the total number of AGOA-eligible countries 
to 39. 
70. As of December 2007, 26 AGOA-eligible countries had instituted acceptable customs 
measures to prevent illegal transshipment and, accord ingly, had been certified as eligible to export 
qualifying apparel to the United States under AGOA.  
71. AGOA also institutionalizes a process for strengthe ning U.S. trade relations with sub-Saharan 
African countries by establishing an annual minister ial level forum with AGOA-eligible countries.  
AGOA established a U.S.-Sub-Saharan Africa Trad e and Economic Cooperati on Forum – informally 
known as "the AGOA Forum" – to discuss expanding trade and investment relations between the 
United States and sub-Saharan African countries a nd AGOA implementation.  The sixth meeting of 
the Forum was held in July 2007 in Accra, Ghana. 
72. AGOA and related Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) imports from AGOA-eligible 
countries were valued at $51.1 billion in 2007, up 15 percent from 2006.
2  AGOA non-oil imports 
                                                      
2 Note that AGOA imports are imports for consump tion, while all other import figures are general 
imports.  Imports for consumption include only those goods as they enter the U.S. economy for consumption.  WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
Page 18 
 
 
also continued to grow, totaling $3.4 billion in  2007, a seven percent increase over 2006, with notable 
increases in such sectors as prepared vegetables, fruits and nuts, optical parts and accessories, cut 
flowers, beverages, coco a products, and essential oils. 
(x) The Caribbean Basin Initiative 
73. The Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) currently provides beneficiary countries and territories 
with duty-free access to the U.S. market.  They are:  Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, The Bahamas, 
Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Costa Ri ca, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, 
Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago.  
74. During 2007, the trade programs collectively k nown as the CBI remained a vital element in 
U.S. economic relations with its neighbors in Ce ntral America and the Caribbean.  CBI was initially 
launched in 1983 through the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA).  It was 
substantially expanded in 2000 through the United States - Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act 
(CBTPA).  The Trade Act of 2002 increased the type and quantity of textile and apparel articles 
eligible for preferential tariff tr eatment accorded to designated beneficiary CBTPA countries.  Among 
other actions, the Trade Act of 2002 extended duty-fr ee treatment for clothing made in beneficiary 
countries from both U.S. and regional inputs, and increased the quantity of clothing made from regional inputs that regional producers can ship duty-free to the United States annually. 
75. When the CAFTA-DR entered into force for each of its member countries
3, that country 
ceased to be designated as a CBERA and CBTPA beneficiary.  When the CAFTA-DR enters into 
force for Costa Rica, that country will cease to be designated as a CBERA and CBTPA beneficiary 
country.  The United States and Panama signed a fr ee trade agreement on June 28, 2007, but that 
agreement has not yet entered into force. 
76. In conjunction with economic re form and trade liberalization, the trade benefits of the 
CBERA, since its inception, have helped CBI benefi ciary countries diversify their exports and have 
contributed to their economic growth.  At the inception of the CBI in 1983, traditional and primary 
products such as coffee, bananas, sugar, and mineral fuels accounted for a majority of U.S. imports 
from the region.  By 2006, that percentage had fallen to approximately 37 percent, reflecting the 
increase in the value of energy and related chemic al products and the exit from CBERA of four major 
apparel producing countries. 
(xi) Andean Trade Preference Act 
77. One of the ways the United States conducts its trade relationship with the Andean countries is 
in the framework of the unilatera l trade preferences of the Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA), as 
amended by the Andean Trade Promotion and Dr ug Eradication Act (ATPDE A).  Congress enacted 
the ATPA in 1991 in recognition of the fact that regional economic development is necessary in order 
for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru to provide  economic alternatives to the illegal drug trade. 
78. The original ATPA expired in 2001.  The A TPDEA, which was signed into law on August 6, 
2002 as part of the Trade Act of 2002, restored the benefits of the ATPA, providing for retroactive 
reimbursement of duties paid during the lapse in th e program.  In addition, while the original ATPA 
excluded from duty-free treatment products in several  sectors including textiles, apparel, footwear, 
                                                                                                                                                                     
General imports include all goods as they cross the U.S. border, including those destined for bonded warehouses 
or foreign trade zones. 
3 See paragraph 54. United States WT/TPR/G/200 
 Page 19 
 
 
articles of leather, and tuna in airtight containers , the ATPDEA expanded the list of items eligible for 
duty-free treatment by about 700 products. 
79. The most significant expansion of benefits in the ATPA, as amended by the ATPDEA, was in 
the apparel sector.  Other new products benefiting from the program  included:  tuna in pouches, 
leather products, footwear, petroleum and petr oleum products, and watches and watch parts.  
80. The ATPA, as amended, was extended on Decemb er 9, 2006 until June 30, 2007.  On June 
30, 2007, Congress extended the A TPA through February 29, 2008.  On February 29, 2008, the 
President signed into law Congress’s third extensi on of the ATPA as amended through December 31, 
2008 .  The U.S. Administration supported this short- term extension of ATPA to secure approval of 
the pending free trade agreement with Colombia and implement the Peru and Colombia agreements.   
(3) BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS (FTA S) 
81. Today, the United States is party to FTAs with  20 countries in every corner of the world (14 
in force, 3 approved by Congress but not yet in force, and 3 concluded but not yet approved by 
Congress). 
(i) United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement 
82. The United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement, wh ich took effect January 1, 2004, continues 
to fuel growth in bilateral trade between the Unite d States and Chile.  In 2007, U.S. exports to Chile 
were $8.0 billion, while U.S. imports from Chile totaled $9.0 billion.  U.S. exports of private 
commercial services to Chile were $1.5 billion in 2006 (latest data available), and U.S. imports were 
$781 million.  The stock of U.S. foreign direct i nvestment (FDI) in Chile was $10.2 billion in 2006 
(latest data available), up from $9.6 billion in 2005.  
(ii) United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement 
83. The United States-Singapore Free Trade Agre ement (FTA) has been in force since 
January 1, 2004.  Singapore is the United States’ 14t h largest trading partner, with two-way trade in 
goods totaling $46 billion in 2007.  U.S. exports of private commercial services to Singapore were 
$6.7 billion in 2006 (latest data available), and U.S.  imports were $3.9 billion.  The stock of U.S. 
foreign direct investment (FDI) in Singapore was $60.4 billion in 2006 (latest data available), up from 
$54.5 billion in 2005. 
(iii) United States-Jordan Free Trade Agreement 
84. The U.S.-Jordan Free Trade Agreement (FTA), si gned in October 2000, entered into force in 
December 2001.  The FTA’s comprehensive measur es have played a significant role in boosting 
United States-Jordanian economic ties.  U.S. go ods exports to Jordan in 2007 were $879 million, 
while corresponding U.S. imports from Jordan were $1.4 billion.  The stock of U.S. foreign direct 
investment (FDI) in Jordan was $40 million in 20 06 (latest data available), up from $1 million in 
2005. 
(iv) United States-Israel Free Trade Agreement 
85. The 1985 U.S.-Israel Free Trade Agreement (FTA),  the first FTA signed by the United States, 
continues to serve as a foundation for expanding tr ade and investment between the United States and 
Israel.  U.S. goods exports in 2007 were $13.0 billio n.  Corresponding U.S. goods imports from Israel 
were $19.0 billion.  U.S. exports of private commerc ial services to Israel were $3.0 billion in 2006 WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
Page 20 
 
 
(latest data available), and U.S. im ports were $2.3 billion.  The stock of U.S. foreign direct investment 
(FDI) in Israel was $10.0 billion in 2006 (latest data available), up from $8.4 billion in 2005.  
86. In 1996, in the interest of achieving practical  improvements in agricultural trade between the 
two countries and without prejudice to the pa rties’ rights and obligations under the FTA, 
the United States and Israel signed an adjunct to  the FTA, the U.S.-Israel Agreement on Trade in 
Agricultural Products (ATAP).  The 1996 ag reement was extended through 2003 and a new 
agreement was concluded in 2004.  The 2004 agreement is  scheduled to expire at the end of 2008.  In 
February 2008, the United States and Israel in itiated discussions on launching a new round of ATAP 
negotiations.  
(v) United States-Australia Free Trade Agreement 
87. The United States-Australia Free Trade Ag reement (FTA) entered into force on 
January 1, 2005.  Two-way annual goods trade in 2007 was $27.7 billion and two-way services trade 
in 2006 (latest data available) was $13.9 billion, an increase of approximately 113 percent and 144 
percent respectively since 1994.  U.S. exports of  private commercial services (i.e., excluding military 
and government) to Australia were $9.1 billion in 2006 (latest data av ailable), and U.S. imports were 
$4.8 billion.  The stock of U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) in Australia was $122.6 billion in 
2006 (latest data available), up from $115.6 billion in 2005. 
(vi) United States-Morocco Free Trade Agreement 
88. The United States and Morocco signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on June 15, 2004.  
The U.S. Congress subsequently approved the Agreem ent, and in August 2005 President Bush signed 
the implementing legislation.  The Moroccan Parlia ment passed the Agreement in early 2005 and the 
Agreement entered into force on January 1, 2006.  The United States-Morocco FTA is an important 
part of the Administration’s effort to establish a Middle East Free Trade Area (MEFTA) by 2013.  
U.S. goods exports to Morocco in 2007 were $1.3 billion, up 53 percent from the previous year.  
Corresponding U.S. imports from Morocco were $648 million, up 24 percent.  The stock of U.S. 
foreign direct investment (FDI) in Morocco was $311 million in 2006 (latest data available), up from 
$302 million in 2005. 
(vii) United States-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement 
89. On May 21, 2003, the United States and Bahrai n announced their intention to negotiate a Free 
Trade Agreement (FTA).  Bahrain’s Parliament a pproved and the King of Bahrain ratified the FTA in 
July 2005.  The U.S. Congress enacted legislati on approving and implementing the FTA in December 
2005, and President Bush signed the legislation on Ja nuary 11, 2006.  The FTA entered into force on 
August 1, 2006.  U.S. exports in 2007 were $591 million.  Corresponding U.S. imports from Bahrain 
were $626 million.  The stock of U.S. foreign dir ect investment (FDI) in Bahrain was $107 million in 
2006 (latest data available), down from $179 million in 2005. 
90. The U.S.-Bahrain FTA will also promote Presi dent Bush’s policy of advancing economic 
reforms and liberalization in the Middle East and to  establish a Middle East Free Trade Area by 2013.  
The United States-Bahrain Bilateral Investment Treat y (BIT), which took effect in May 2001, covers 
investment issues between the two countries. 
(viii) United States-Thailand Free Trade Agreement Negotiations 
91. The United States initiated free-trade agreement negotiations with Tha iland in 2004.  Those 
negotiations were suspended in 2006.  U.S. goods exports in 2007 were $8. 4 billion.  Corresponding United States WT/TPR/G/200 
 Page 21 
 
 
U.S. imports from Thailand were $22.8 billion1.3 pe rcent.  U.S. exports of private commercial 
services (i.e., excluding military and government) to  Thailand were $1.6 billion in 2006 (latest data 
available), and U.S. imports were $1.1 billion.  The stock of U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) in 
Thailand was $8.2 billion in 2006 (latest data  available), up from $6.6 billion in 2005.  
(ix) United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement 
92. The United States and Peru signed the United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement 
(PTPA) on April 12, 2006.  The Peruvian Congress h as ratified the Agreement.  The U.S. Congress 
voted to enact the United States-Peru Trade Prom otion Agreement Implementation Act (PTPA) by a 
wide margin and President Bush signed it into la w on December 14, 2007.  The United States’ two-
way trade with Peru doubled over the last four y ears to $9.3 billion in 2007.  U.S. goods exports in 
2007 were $4.1 billion.  Corresponding U.S. imports fro m Peru were $5.2 billion.  The stock of U.S. 
foreign direct investment (FDI) in Peru was $5. 0 billion in 2006 (latest data available), up from 
$4.2 billion in 2005. 
(x) United States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement 
93. The United States and Colombia signed the United States-Colombia Trade Promotion 
Agreement (U.S.-Colombia TPA) in November 2 006.  The Administration currently seeks prompt 
Congressional approval of the agreement.  The Unite d States’ two-way trade with Colombia reached 
$17.6 billion in 2007.  U.S. goods exports to Colombia  in that year were $8.6 billion.  Corresponding 
U.S. imports from Colombia were $9.4 billion.  The stock of U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) in Colombia was $4.9 billion in 2006 (latest data  available), up from $4.2 billion in 2005.  
(xi) United States-Panama Free Trade Agreement 
94. The United States and Panama launched negotiati ons on a free trade agreement in April 2004 
and concluded the negotiations in December 2006.  The two governments signed the United States – 
Panama Trade Promotion Agreement (TPA) on June 28,  2007.  Panama approved the TPA on July 11, 
2007.  We are seeking Congressional approval this  year.  U.S. goods exports in 2007 were $3.7 
billion.  Corresponding U.S. imports from Panama  were $366 million.  The stock of U.S. foreign 
direct investment (FDI) in Panama was $5.7 billion in 2006 (latest data available), down from 
$5.8 billion in 2005.  
(xii) United States-Oman Free Trade Agreement 
95. On November 15, 2004, the Administration fo rmally notified Congress of its intent to 
negotiate a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Om an.  After seven months of negotiations, the 
completed FTA was signed on January 19, 2006.  The U.S. Congress enacted legislation approving 
and implementing the Agreement in September 2006, and President Bush signed the legislation on 
September 26, 2006.  The Omani government is working to enact the necessary implementing legislation and regulations;  the FTA is expected to enter into force in 2008. 
96. The U.S.-Oman FTA will build on the U.S. in itiative to advance economic reforms and 
openness in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf and to establish a Middle East Free Trade Area by 
2013.  U.S. goods exports in 200 7 were $1.1 billion.  Correspondi ng U.S. imports from Oman were 
$1.0 billion.  The stock of U.S. foreign direct  investment (FDI) in Oman 2006 was $819 million 
(latest data available), up from $528 million in 2005. WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
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(xiii) United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement 
97. After eight formal negotiating rounds, th e first of which took place in June 2006, 
the United States and the Republic of Korea succes sfully concluded the negotiation of a free trade 
agreement on April 1, 2007.  On June 30, 2007, th e United States and Korea signed the United States-
Korea Free Trade Agreement (KOR US FTA).  The agreement awaits  Congressional approval.  U.S. 
goods exports to Korea in 2007 were $34.7 billion.  Corresponding U.S. imports from Korea were 
$47.6 billion.  U.S. exports of private commercial services (i.e., excluding military and government) 
to Korea were $11.5 billion in 2006 (latest data av ailable), and U.S. imports were $6.4 billion.  The 
stock of U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) in Korea was $22.3 billion in 2006 (latest data 
available), up from $18.2 billion in 2005.  We are seek ing a full reopening of the Korean market to 
U.S. beef and passage of KORUS this year.  
(xiv) United States-Malaysia Free Trade Agreement Negotiations 
98. The United States and Malaysia launched Fr ee Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations in 
March 2006, and six rounds of nego tiations have been held to date .  Progress has been made, although 
significant challenges remain.  An FTA with Ma laysia would encourage additional trade and 
investment, further deepening our already strong economic partnership – with  nearly $44 billion in 
two-way trade in goods in 2007, $2 .5 billion in two-way trade in services in 2006, and $12.5 billion in 
foreign direct investment in 2006.  U.S. expor ts of private commercial services (i.e., excluding 
military and government) to Malaysia were $1.6 b illion in 2006 (latest data available), and U.S. 
imports were $840 million.  The stock of U.S. fore ign direct investment (FDI) in Malaysia was 
$12.5 billion in 2006 (latest data ava ilable), up from $10.3 billion in 2005. 
V. TRADE-RELATED CAPACITY BUILDING INITIATIVES 
99. Trade Capacity Building (TCB) is a critical part of the United States’ strategy to help 
developing countries to implement and take advantage of market-ope ning and reform-oriented trade 
agreements.  It is important to improve the li nkage between trade and development by providing 
developing countries with the tools to maximize trad e opportunities.  Integral to the Administration’s 
goal of accelerating growth and ec onomic reform in the developing wo rld and most importantly in its 
poorest regions are the four U.S. preference programs (the Generalized System of Preferences, the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), the Caribbean Basin Initiative, and the Andean Trade 
Preference Act) through which eligible prod ucts enter the United States duty-free from 131 
beneficiary developing countries.  In 2007, the Administration also worked to implement 
enhancements to AGOA that were granted to l esser-developed countries by the Africa Investment 
Incentive Act (AIIA), which President Bush signed on December 20, 2006.  
100. U.S. imports under these programs have grow n sharply since 2002 and now constitute a 
significant share of imports from many beneficiary countries.  The Administration is employing many 
ways to increase the trade under preference programs a nd distribute their benefits, especially to lesser- 
and least-developed beneficiaries.  
101. For the first time, U.S. free trade agreements  with developing countries establish trade 
capacity building committees that are charged w ith developing programs to assist with the 
implementation of the obligations of the agreemen ts and with the transition to liberalized trade 
resulting from the agreements.  These committees ha ve already begun to meet under the CAFTA-DR, 
and will begin meeting under the Peru, Colombia an d Panama FTAs as soon as th ey have entered into 
force.  United States WT/TPR/G/200 
 Page 23 
 
 
102. This early strategy by the Administration of incorporating trade capacity building into its 
bilateral trade negotiations, and making increased tr ade an objective of its development work, was 
adopted in the WTO in the form of the "Aid for Trade" initiatives, including the "Integrated 
Framework". 
103. In 2008, the United States will continue to wo rk together with other WTO Members on Aid 
for Trade efforts, which not only provide techni cal assistance, but also help create the legal, 
administrative, and physical infrastructure that de veloping countries need to participate fully in the 
global marketplace.  TCB is an important element of the U.S. development assistance framework and is provided by a number of U.S. government agenci es.  The two primary impl ementers of U.S. TCB 
efforts are the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Millennium Challenge 
Corporation (MCC).  Their broad work is comple mented by more than twenty U.S. government 
agencies providing assistance in their ar eas of specialization.  As noted above, TCB is also an integral 
part of a number of trade agreements and program s, including AGOA and free trade agreements.  As 
the largest single donor of TCB assistance, the Unite d States is pleased to lead these TCB efforts. 
104. Complementing these efforts was the establishment in 2004 of the Millennium Challenge 
Corporation (MCC), which has committed $5.5 billion in project investments to date that 
encompasses more than $3.4 billion in trade-related investments.  MCC assistance is uniquely grant-
based and is directed solely toward poorer devel oping countries.  MCC has committed this financial 
support, principally for infrastructure, to 16 quali fying countries in Africa, Latin America, the 
Caucasus, and Asia/Pacific during the MCC’s four years of operations.  USTR is a member of the 
MCC Board of Directors and encourages MCC funding that helps the poorest countries take 
advantage of global trade opportunities. 
105. The United States is committed to assisting de veloping countries build up their capacity by 
providing aid for trade.  Total U.S. funding for TCB activities from 2001 to 2007 was approximately $7.1 billion.  In 2007, TCB funding was distributed as follows: 
• Asia:  $96 million,  for a to tal of $875 million since 2001 
• Central and Eastern Europe:  $30 milli on, for a total of $394 million since 2001 
• Former Soviet Republics:  $74 million, for a total of $800 million since 2001 
• Latin America and Caribbean:  $554 million, for a total of $1.9 billion since 2001 
• Middle East and North Africa:  $57 million, for a total of $1 billion since 2001 
• Sub-Saharan Africa:  $505 million, fo r a total of $1.6 billion since 2001 
106. The United States has and will continue to support the WTO’s catalytic role in aid for trade as 
well as the Enhanced Integrated Framework that  aims to help the least trade-active countries 
participate in the global trading system.   
107. An important element of this work involves c oordination with regard to technical assistance 
activities among international institutions such as  the WTO, the World Bank, the International 
Monetary Fund, the regional development banks, an d other donors.  The Administration’s intention is 
to avoid duplication and to identify and take adva ntage of donor complementarities in programming.  
The United States will work in partnership with these  institutions and with other donors to ensure that 
international financial institutions (IFIs) offer tr ade-related assistance as an integral component of 
development programs – including increasing awareness of existing mechanisms and programs – tailored to the circumstances w ithin each developing country.  
108. The United States’ efforts build on its long-sta nding commitment to help all countries benefit 
from the global trading system, including through mechanisms such as the Enhanced Integrated WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
Page 24 
 
 
Framework and the Millennium Challenge Corporation;  contributions to the WTO =s Global Trust 
Fund for Trade-Related Technical Assistance;  assist ance to countries acceding to the WTO;  targeted 
assistance for developing countries participating in  U.S. preference programs, such as the $200 
million African Global Competitiveness Initiative he lping Africa benefit from AGOA;  coordination 
of assistance through Trade and Investment Framew ork Agreements (TIFAs);  TCB working groups 
that are integral elements of free trade negotiati ons;  and Committees on TCB created to aid in the 
implementation of a number of FTAs, including the FTAs with the Dominican Republic and Central 
America, and Peru.  Similar committees will also aid in the implementation of FTAs with Colombia and Panama as those enter into force.  Other TCB a ssistance is helping developing countries to work 
with the private sector and non-governmental organi zations to transition to more open economies, to 
prepare for FTA and WTO negotiations and to implement their trade obligations. 
VI. LEGISLATIVE AGENDA 
109. In 2007, USTR worked closely with the 110t h Congress to move forward President Bush’s 
bilateral, regional, and multilatera l trade agenda.  USTR maintained  an ongoing dialogue with the 
Congress on multilateral initiatives, consulting with  the Congress on the WTO Doha Development 
Round and on legislation intended to bring the Unite d States into compliance with WTO rulings that 
found against the United States. 
110. Also, consultations with the Congress provided the Administration with valuable advice on 
the United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreemen t, the United States-Colombia Trade Promotion 
Agreement, the United States – Panama Trade Pr omotion Agreement, and the United States-Korea 
Free Trade Agreement.  
111. The Administration signed the United States-Panama and United States-Korea FTAs in June 
2007 and also signed protocols to our FTAs with Peru  and Colombia in June.  In December 2007, the 
Congress passed with strong bipartisan support and President Bush signed into law the United States-
Peru Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act.  
112. USTR also continued its consultations with the Congress with respect to FTA negotiations 
with Malaysia, Thailand, the Southern African Cu stoms Union (SACU), and the Free Trade Area of 
the Americas.  The Administration consulted with the Congress on a Trade and Investment 
Framework Agreement with Uruguay and a Bilateral Investment Treat y with Rwanda.  USTR also 
worked with Congress to reauthorize the Andean Tr ade Preference Act which ultimately resulted in 
its 10-month extension to December 31, 2008. 
113. During its remaining time in office, the Admini stration will continue to work with Congress 
to secure prompt consideration of the agreements  with Colombia, Panama, and Korea in 2008.  
Together with Congress, the President has pledge d to work to improve the Trade Adjustment 
Assistance (TAA) program and help trade-affected workers and farmers access the training and reemployment services they need to return to wo rk quickly and to be in a position to compete 
globally.  
VII. LABOR ISSUES 
114. The trade policy agenda of the United States includes a strong commitment to protecting the 
rights of workers in America and in countries with  which we trade.  A concerted focus on worker 
training and education policies will continue to en sure that the American workforce can compete 
globally.  For workers displaced by trade, the Trad e Adjustment Assistance Reform Act of 2002 (Title 
I of the Trade Act of 2002) modifies and expands the TAA for Workers program.  TAA helps workers United States WT/TPR/G/200 
 Page 25 
 
 
adversely affected by foreign trade through the prov ision of re-employment services:  job training for 
displaced workers, income support while in trai ning and job search and relocation assistance.  
Important changes to the program made in 2002 in clude expanded eligibility to more worker groups, 
increased benefits, and tax credits for health  insurance coverage assistance.  Congress has 
appropriated funds for the TAA program through Sept ember 30, 2008.  More information on the U.S. 
TAA program can be found at http://www.doleta.gov/tradeact . 
115. In pursuing trade liberalization through free trade agreements, we rely on the congressional 
guidance contained in the Bipartisan Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2002 (TPA) to bring the benefits of trade and open markets to America and th e rest of the world.  In addition, for free trade 
agreements pending in 2007, we relied on the prin ciples articulated in the Bipartisan Agreement on 
Trade Policy of May 10, 2007 between the Admini stration and congressional leaders.  During 2007, 
USTR continued to consult with the Congress on the labor provisions of each pending trade 
agreement to ensure that each one met the obj ectives of TPA and the May 10, 2007 Bipartisan 
Agreement.  USTR also continued to work coope ratively with other U.S. agencies in multilateral, 
regional, and bilateral fora to promote respect for core labor standards, including the abolition of the 
worst forms of child labor. 
116. U.S. labor law is consistent with the principles underlying fundamental workers' rights.  For 
example, the U.S. Constitution assures the right of freedom of association.  National legislation, 
including the National Labor Relations Act (NLR A) of 1935 and the Railway Labor Act of 1926, 
provides the right to organize and bargain collec tively.  Section 7 of the NLRA guarantees that 
"[e]mployees shall have the right to self organization,  to form, join or assist labor organizations, to 
bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing. ..."  
117. The Thirteenth Amendment of the United Stat es Constitution, ratified in 1865, provides that 
"[n]either slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within th e United States, or any place subject to their 
jurisdiction."  Implementing federal legisla tion prohibits forced or compulsory labor. 
118. The United States applies and seeks to enforce pr ohibitions against harmful child labor.  The 
United States has also ratified the ILO Convention 182 Concerning the Worst Forms of Child Labor (1999).  The Fair Labor Standards Act prohibits  "oppressive child labor" and the interstate 
transportation of products made w ith such labor.  Similarly, U.S. laws - both Federal and State - 
prohibit discrimination with respect to occupati on and employment on the grounds of race, creed, 
national origin, or gender.  Such laws are vigorously  enforced in both the public and private sectors to 
assure non-discrimination at work. 
VIII.  ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 
119. The Administration has continued and enhanced its efforts to pursue opportunities to address 
environmental objectives through multilateral, regi onal and bilateral trade initiatives.  On the 
multilateral front, the United States has been a global leader in seeking to discipline harmful fisheries 
subsidies and eliminate barriers to trade in e nvironmental technologies and services through the WTO 
as part of the Doha Development Agenda (DDA ).  Ongoing efforts in free trade agreement 
negotiations culminated in the development of new groundbreaking environmental provisions 
associated with the Administration’s bipartisan trad e deal with the Congress.  The Administration has 
also used additional bilateral trade fora to prom ote action on critical global environmental challenges, 
such as illegal logging. WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
Page 26 
 
 
120. In 2007 the United States contributed to th e intensification of the WTO’s work on 
liberalization of trade in environmental goods in  the Committee on Trade and Environment (CTE) in 
Special Session, including through a joint proposal  with the European Communities that lays the 
groundwork for an innovative new agreement on environmental goods and services (EGSA) and 
action to eliminate trade barriers to climate-frie ndly technologies.  The United States believes that 
increased market access for environmental goods and ser vices is an effective means to enhance access 
to environmental technologies around the world an d has continued to advance pragmatic ideas for 
product coverage and modalities in negotiations on environmental goods.  In the Rules Negotiating 
Group, the United States continues to lead in pr essing for stronger disciplines on fisheries subsidies 
that contribute significantly to global overcapacity and overfishing.  In March 2007, the United States 
submitted a far-reaching textual proposal for a fisher ies subsidies agreement, which included a broad 
prohibition of the most harmful subsidies.   
121. With respect to the DDA trade and environmen t agenda that does not specifically involve 
negotiations, the United States continued to play an  active role, particularly through emphasizing the 
importance of capacity-building.  This work incl uded discussions in the CTE Regular Session with 
respect to the environmental implications of all areas under negotiation in the DDA.  
122. In 2007, the link between trade and environmenta l policy was strengthened in the Bipartisan 
Agreement on Trade Policy of May 10.  Pursuant to that agreement, the United States worked with its 
FTA partners Peru, Colombia, Panama, and Korea to  include in those FTAs provisions that require 
each country to adopt, maintain and implement laws , regulations and all other measures to fulfill 
obligations covered under multilatera l environmental agreements (MEAs).  The obligations in the 
Environment Chapter of each agreement are subject to the same dispute settlement provisions as those 
in any other chapter.  Also in 2007, the Unite d States led efforts to reform and revitalize the 
International Coffee Organization (ICO), concluding  a new International Coffee Agreement (ICA) in 
September.  As a result of the new agreement, th e ICO will be able to demonstrate the role of 
international commodity organizations in facilitati ng international trade and sustainable development 
in economic, social and environmenta l terms and in a manner consistent  with market principles.  In 
2008, the United States will continue its leadership in Doha negotiations to include in the final 
agreement disciplines on fisheries subsidies. 
IX. LOOKING FORWARD 
123. Trade liberalization continues to be at the forefr ont of the U.S. international economic policy.  
The powerful and positive impact of the multilateral tr ading system over the past half century cannot 
be overstated.  The Doha Develo pment Agenda of the WTO continues to hold the greatest potential 
for catalyzing global economic growth through further trade liberalization.  As has always been true 
of the GATT/WTO, the extent of liberalization – and to a large degree the distribution of the benefits 
of that liberalization – depends on the participation by each Member of the WTO.  The United States 
will continue to work towards an ambitious conclu sion to the Doha Development Agenda in order to 
reduce poverty and raise living standards across the globe.  Expanding market access in the three key 
sectors of the international economy:  industria l and consumer goods, agri cultural products and 
services will yield the greatest impact on trade flows, thereby reducing poverty and raising living 
standards.  An ambitious result in market acc ess will be the greatest legacy of our DDA work. 
124. The United States will seek to complete pending fr ee trade agreements to further foster trade 
and economic growth, and to serve as a catalyst fo r multilateral liberalization.  In addition, the 
United States will continue to encourage increased  trade with many developing countries through our 
preferential trade measures, such as the Generalized System of Preferences, the African Growth and 
Opportunity Act, the Andean Trade Promotion a nd Drug Eradication Act, and the Caribbean Basin United States WT/TPR/G/200 
 Page 27 
 
 
Economic Recovery Act.  The United States will al so continue its commitment to increasing trade 
capacity in developing countries. 
125. By undertaking these various elements – fo rging global, regional and bilateral trade 
agreements;  encouraging developing countries’ mu ltilateral integration;  building support for open 
trade;  encouraging sustainable development and core labor standards;  and fostering greater 
transparency – the United States will continue to play  its traditional leadership role in promoting trade 
liberalization and developing a trading system of benefit to all. 
126. The Administration is convinced that, in the years ahead, the United States must continue 
boldly to lead international efforts to open mark ets and increase economic integration – and continue 
the economic policies of the last six decades whic h have produced the most diverse, innovative, 
productive, open and prosperous ec onomy in history.  The pursuit of these policies – embraced by 
Republican and Democratic Administrations and Congresses alike – has created a strong foundation 
on which to build prosperity and freedom for future  generations.  With impr oved growth performance 
in the global economy, the future expansion and pr osperity of U.S. manufacturers, service providers, 
workers and farmers will be strongly influenced by the degree to which they have access to 95 percent 
of the world’s consumers who reside outside the U.S. borders. 
 WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
Page 28 
 
 
 ANNEX I 
U.S. SUBMISSIONS TO THE WTO IN SUPPORT 
OF THE DOHA DEVELOPMENT AGENDA 
(WTO document symbol in parentheses) 
 
Committee on Agriculture, Special Session 
 
• Export Competition, Market Access and Domestic Support (JOB(02)/122) 
• Joint EC-US Paper on Agriculture (JOB(03)/157)  
• Proposal for Tariff Rate Quota Reform (G/AG/NG/W/58)  
• Proposal for Comprehensive Long-Term Ag ricultural Trade Reform (G/AG/NG/W/15) 
• Note on Domestic Support Reform (G/AG/NG/W/16) • Tariff Quota Administration (JOB(06)/188) • Domestic Support Simulations – Simulations (JOB(06)/186) • Tariff Quota Administration – Communication by the United States (JOB(06)/184) 
• Comments on Food Aid (JOB(06)/183) 
• Agriculture Domestic Support Simula tions – Simulations (JOB(06)/151) 
• Applied Tariff Simulations – Agriculture – Summary of Results (JOB(06)/152) • United States Communication on Special Products (JOB(06)/137) • United States Communication on Export Credits, Export Credit Guarantees or Insurance 
 Programs (JOB(06)/119) 
• United States Communication on State Tr ading Export Enterprises (JOB(06)/79) 
• United States Communication on Domestic Support – Annex 2 – Domestic Support:  The 
 Basis for Exemption from the Reduction Commitments (JOB(06)/80) • United States' Communication on Food Aid (JOB(06)/78)  • Market Access Simulations – Simulations (JOB(06)/63)  
 Council on Trade in Services, Special Session 
 
• Framework for Negotiation (S/CSS/W/4)  • Proposals for Negotiation (JOB(00)/8376)  
• Accounting Services (S/CSS/W/20)  
• Audiovisual and Related Services (S/CSS/W/21)  • Distribution Services (S/CSS/W/22) • Higher (Tertiary) Education, Adult Education and Training (S/CSS/W/23) • Energy Services (S/CSS/W/24) 
• Environmental Services (S/CSS/W/25) 
• Express Delivery Services (S/CSS/W/26) • Financial Services (S/CSS/W/27) • Legal Services (S/CSS/W/28) • Movement of Natural Persons (S/CSS/W/29) • Market Access in Telecommunications and Complementary Services (S/CSS/W/30) 
• Tourism and Hotels (S/CSS/W/31) 
• Transparency in Domestic Regulation (S/CSS/W/102) • Advertising and Related Services (S/CSS/W/100) • Desirability of a Safeguard Mechanism for Serv ices:  Promoting Liberalization of Trade in 
 Services (S/WPGR/W/37) 
• Modalities for the Special Treatment For Least-Developed Country Members in the 
Negotiations on Trade In Services – JOB(03)/133 
• U.S. Government Points of Contact in Least-Developed Country Members (JOB (03)/33) United States WT/TPR/G/200 
 Page 29 
 
 
 • Proposed Guide for Scheduling Commitments on Energy Services in the WTO (JOB(03)/89) 
• Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (TN/S/W/5) • Initial Offer (TN/S/O/USA) • An Assessment of Services Trade and Libe ralization in the United States and Developing 
 Economies (TN/S/W/12) 
• Joint Statement on Market Access in Services (JOB(04)/176)  • U.S. Proposal for Transparency Disciplines in  Domestic Regulation:  Building on Existing 
 International Disciplines and Proposals (JOB(04)/128)  • Communication from the United States:  Horiz ontal Transparency Disciplines in Domestic 
 Regulation (JOB(06)/182)  
• Outline of the U.S. position on a Draft Consolidated Text in the WPDR (JOB(06)/223)  • Classification in the Telecommunications Sector under the WTO-GATS Framework  (TN/S/W/35 and S/CSC/W/45)  • Guidelines for Scheduling Commitments Concerni ng Postal and Courier Services, including 
 Express Delivery (TN/S/W/30)  
• Joint Statement on Liberalization of Logistics Services (TN/S/W/34)  
• Joint Statement on Legal Services (TN/S/W/37 and S/CSC/W/46)  • Legal Services – Objectives for Further Libe ralisation and Limitati ons to be Removed 
 (JOB(05)/276)  • Joint Statement on Liberalization of Cons truction and Related Engineering Services 
 (JOB(05)/130) 
• Joint Statement on Liberalization of Financial Services (JOB(05)/17)  
• Working Toward a Productive Information Exchange (in the Working Party on GATS Rules) 
 (JOB(05)/5) • Statement on Services of Common Interest in the Energy Sector (JOB(06)/17)  • Implementation of the Modalities for the Speci al Treatment for Least Developed Country 
 Members in the Trade in Services Negotiations (JOB(06)/77) 
• Revised Services Offer (TN/S/O/USA/Rev.1)  • Review of Progress in Telecommunications Services (JOB(07)/199)  • Review of Progress in Postal and Courier Services, including Express Delivery Collective 
Request (JOB(07)/200) 
 
Negotiating Group on Market Access 
 
• Tariffs & Trade Data Needs Assessment (TN/MA/W/2) • Negotiations on Environmental G oods (TN/MA/W/3 and TN/TE/W/8) 
• Modalities Proposal (TN/MA/W/18) 
• Proposal on Modalities for Addressing Non-Tari ff Barriers (NTBs) (TN/MA/W/18/Add.1) 
• Revenue Implications of Trade Li beralization (TN/MA/W/18/Add.2)  
• Vertical NTB Modality (TN/MA/W/18/Add.3)  • Contribution on an Environmental Goods Modality (TN/TE/W/38) and  (TN/MA/W/18/Add.5) 
• Liberalizing Trade in Environmental Goods (TN/MA/W/3, TN/MA/W/18/Add.4, Add.5, and 
 Add.7) • Non-Tariff Barrier Notifications (TN/MA/W/46/Add.8) • Non-Tariff Barrier Notifications – Revision (TN/MA/W/46/Add.8/Rev.1) 
• Non-Agricultural Market Access:  Modalities (TN/MA/W/44)  
• Contribution by Canada, European Communities and United States, Non-Agricultural Market 
 Access:  Modalities (JOB(03)/163) • Progress Report:  Discussions on Forestry NTBs (TN/MA/W/48/Add.1) WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
Page 30 
 
 
 • Negotiating NTBs Related to Remanufacturi ng and Refurbishing (TN/MA/W/18/Add.11)  
• A View To Harmonize Textile, Apparel, a nd Footwear Labeling Requirements (TN/MA/W 
 /18/Add.12) • Progress Report:  WTO NAMA Discussions on Autos NTBs (TN/MA/W/18/Add.9) 
• Tariff Elimination in the Gems and Jewelry Sector (TN/MA/W/61) 
• Tariff Liberalization in the Forest Products Sector (TN/MA/W/64) • Tariff Elimination in the Electronics/Electrical Sector (TN/MA/W/59) • Initial List of Environmental Goods (TN/MA/W/18/Add.7 or TN/TE/W/52) • Treatment of Non-Ad Valorem  Technical Tariffs (TN/MA/W/18/Add.8) 
• Tariff Liberalization in the Chemicals Sector (TN/MA/W/58) 
• How to Create a Critical Mass Sectoral Initiative (TN/MA/W/55)  • U.S. Proposal on Negotiating NTBs Related to the Auto Sector (TN/MA/W/18/Add.6)  • Non-Tariff Barriers Building Codes and the Wood Products Sector (TN/MA/W/48)  • Non-Tariff Barriers – Requests (TN/MA/NTR/3)  • Tariff Elimination in the Electronics/Electrical Sector (TN/MA/W/69)  
• Open Access to Enhanced Healthcare (JOB(06)/35)  
• Progress Report:  NTB Discussions Related to  Remanufactured and Refurbished Goods 
 (TN/MA/W/18/Add.10) and (TN/MA/W/18/Add.10/Corr.1)  • Tariff Liberalisation in the Forest Products Sector1 (TN/MA/W/75) • Negotiating Text on Textiles, Apparel, Foot wear and Travel Goods Labeling Requirements 
 (TN/MA/W/18/Add.14)  
• Tariff Liberalization in the Chemicals Sector (TN/MA/W/72)  • Progress Report:  Sectoral Discussions on Tariff Elimination in the Chemicals Sector  (TN/MA/W/18/Add.1)  • Tariff Elimination in the Electronics/Electrical Sector JOB(06)/85  • Negotiating Proposal on Tariff Liberalisation in the Forest Products Sector JOB(06)/128  
• Market Access for Environmental Goods TN/MA/W/70  
• Negotiating Proposal on Tariff Elimination in the Gems and Jewellery Sector  TN/MA/W/61/Add.2 • Swiss Dual proposal JOB(05)/36  • Analytical Contributions June 2005 JOB(05)/97  
• Room Document for Simulation Presentati on March 06. Actual doc # unknown.  
• Negotiating Text on Liberalizing Trade in Remanufactured Goods (TN/MA/W/18/Add.15)  
• Revised U.S. Negotiating Text on Libe ralizing Trade in Remanufactured Goods 
 (TN/MA/W/18/Add.16)  • Regulation of Remanufactured Goods:  Answers to Frequently Asked Questions 
 (JOB(07)/60)  
• Non-Tariff Barriers – Requests (TN/MA/NTR/3/Add.2)  • Proposal for Modifications to "Ministerial Decision on Procedures for the Facilitation of 
 Solutions to Non-Tariff Barriers" (TN/MA/W/88) NTBs (JOB(07)/145)  • Reducing Non-Tariff Barriers to  Trade Related to Labeling of Textiles, Apparel, Footwear 
 and Travel Goods – HS Classifications  of Travel Goods (JOB(07)/59)  
• Reducing Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade Related to Labelling of Textiles, Apparel, Footwear 
 and Travel Goods - U.S. Responses to  U.S. Questions (JOB(06)/266/Add.1) 
• Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade related to Textil es, Clothing and Footwear – U.S. answers to 
 Questionnaire by the European Communities (JOB(07)/22)  
 
  United States WT/TPR/G/200 
 Page 31 
 
 
 • Communication from the European Communities and the United States on NTBs related to 
 Textiles, Apparel, Footwear and Clothing (TN/MA/W/93) • Negotiating Text on Liberalizing Trade in Remanufactured Goods  (TN/MA/W/18/Add.16/Rev.1) 
• Illustrative Examples of Remanufactured Goods (JOB(07)/224)  
 
Negotiating Group on Rules 
 
• Fisheries Subsidies -- Joint communication fro m the United States, Australia, Chile, Ecuador, 
 Iceland, New Zealand, Peru, and the Philippines (TN/RL/W/3) 
• Fisheries Subsidies (TN/RL/W/21) • OECD Steel Paper (TN/RL/W/24) • Questions on Papers Submitted to Rules Negotiating Group (TN/RL/W/25) 
• Basic Concepts of the Trade Remedies Rules (TN/RL/W/27) • Special and Differential Treatment and the Subsidies Agreement (TN/RL/W/33) 
• Second Set of Questions from the United Stat es on Papers Submitted to the Rules Negotiating 
 Group (TN/RL/W/34)  • Investigatory Procedures Under The Antidumping and Subsidies Agreements (TN/RL/W/35)  • Communication From The United States Attaching A Communiqué From The Organization  For Economic Cooperation And Deve lopment (OECD) (TN/RL/W/49)  
• Circumvention (TN/RL/W/50)  
• Replies To Questions Presented To The United States On Submission TN/Rl/W/27  (TN/RL/W/53)  • Third Set Of Questions From The United States On Papers Submitted To The Rules  Negotiating Group (TN/RL/W/54)  • Responses By The United States To Questions Fr om Australia On Investigatory Procedures 
 Under The Anti-Dumping And Subsidies Agreements (TN/RL/W/71)  
• Identification Of Certain Major Issues Unde r The Anti-Dumping And Subsidies Agreements 
 (TN/RL/W/72)  • Possible Approaches To Improved Disciplines On Fisheries Subsidies (TN/RL/W/77)  
• Subsidies Disciplines Requiring Clarification And Improvement (TN/RL/W/78)  
• Elements Of A Steel Subsidies Agreement (TN/RL/W/95)  
• Identification of Additional Issues under the Anti-dumping and Subsidies Agreements 
 (TN/RL/W/98)  • Fourth Set Of Questions From The Unite d States On Papers Submitted To The Rules 
 Negotiating Group (TN/RL/W/103)  
• Further Issues Identified Under The Anti-Dumping And Subsidies Agreements For 
 Discussion By the Negotiating Group On Rules (TN/RL/W/130)  • Replies to the Questions from India on TN/RL/W/35 (TN/RL/W/147)  • Three Issues Identified by the United States (TN/RL/W/153)  • Accrual of Interest (TN/RL/W/168)  • Additional Views on the Structure of the Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations (TN/RL/W/169)  
• Fisheries Subsidies (TN/RL/W/196) (co-spons ored with Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, 
 Iceland, New Zealand, Pakistan and Peru) • Offsets for Non-Dumped Comparisons (TN/RL/W/208) • Allocation of Subsidy Benefits Over Time (TN/RL/GEN/4) • Exchange Rates (TN/RL/W/GEN/5) 
• New Shipper Reviews (TN/RL/GEN/11) 
• Allocation Periods for Subsidy Benefits (TN/RL/GEN/12) • Prompt Access to Non-Confidential Information (TN/RL/GEN/13) WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
Page 32 
 
 
 • Conduct of Verifications (TN/RL/GEN/15) 
• All-Others Rate (TN/RL/GEN/16) • Expensing Versus Allocating Subsid y Benefits (TN/RL/GEN/17/Rev.1) 
• Preliminary Determinations (TN/RL/GEN/25) 
• Circumvention (TN/RL/GEN/29)  
• Fisheries Subsidies – Programmes for Decommissioning of Vessels and Licence Retirement  (TN/RL/GEN/41) • Further Submission on When and How to Allocate Subsidy Benefits Over Time  (TN/RL/GEN/45) 
• Further Comments on Lesser Duty Proposals (TN/RL/GEN/58) 
• Causation (TN/RL/GEN/59) • Submission on Circumvention (TN/RL/GEN/71) • Identification of Parties (TN/RL/GEN/89) (co-sponsored with Brazil) • Access to Non-Confidential Information (TN/RL/GEN/90) • New Shipper Reviews (TN/RL/GEN/91) 
• Expanding the Prohibited "Red Light" Subsidy Category (TN/RL/GEN/94) 
• Further Submission on Facts Available (TN/RL/GEN/105) • Circumvention (TN/RL/GEN/106) • Exchange Rates (TN/RL/GEN/107) • Disclosure of Essential Preliminary Legal and Factual Considerations (Mandatory 
 Preliminary Determinations) (TN/RL/GEN/108) 
• Fisheries Subsidies (TN/RL/GEN/127) • Causation (TN/RL/GEN/128) • Definition of Domestic Industry for Pe rishable, Seasonal Agricultural Products 
(TN/RL/GEN/129) 
• Allocation and Expensing of Subs idies Benefits (TN/RL/GEN/130)  
• Collection of Anti-Dumping Duties under Article 9.3 (TN/RL/GEN/131)  
• Conduct of On-the-Spot Investigations (TN/RL/GEN/132)  • Disclosure of Calculations in Preliminary and Final Determinations (TN/RL/GEN/133)  
• Fisheries Subsidies:  Proposed New Disciplines (TN/RL/GEN/145)  • Expanding the Prohibited Red Light Subsid y Category – Draft Text (TN/RL/GEN/146)  
• Proposal on Offsets for Non-Dumped Comparisons (TN/RL/GEN/147)  
 
Committee on Antidumping Practices 
 
• Proposal for Operationalization of Art. 15 (G/ADP/AHG/W/138)  
• Draft Recommendation on Operationalizing Art. 15 (G/ADP/AHG/W/143)  
• Para. 7.4:  Annual Reviews of the Antidumping Agreement (G/ADP/W/427)  
 
Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures 
 
• Approval of Qualifying Requests under SCM Article. 27.4, Joint communication from 
 the United States, Australia, Canada, th e EU, Japan and Switzerland (G/SCM/W/521)  
 
Dispute Settlement Body, Special Session 
 
• Contribution of the United States to the Improvement of the Dispute Settlement 
 Understanding of the WTO-Related to Transparency (TN/DS/W/13)  
• Negotiations on Improvements And Clarificati ons of the Dispute Settlement Understanding 
 on Improving Flexibility and Member Control in WTO Dispute Settlement (TN/DS/W/28) United States WT/TPR/G/200 
 Page 33 
 
 
 • Further Contribution of The United States to The Improvement of The Dispute Settlement 
Understanding of the WTO Related to Transparency (TN/DS/W/46) 
• Negotiations on Improvements and Clarificati ons of the Dispute Settlement Understanding on 
 Improving Flexibility and Member Control in WTO Dispute Settlement, Joint communication 
 from United States and Chile (TN/DS/W/52)  
• Some Questions for Consideration on Item(f) (TN/DS/W/74)  • Contribution of the United States on Some Practical Considerations in Improving the Dispute  Settlement Understanding of the WTO Related to Transparency and Open Meetings  (TN/DS/W/79) 
• Further Contribution of the United States on Improving Flexibility and Member Control in 
 WTO Dispute Settlement (TN/DS/W/82)  • Further Contribution of the United States on Improving Flexibility and Member Control in  WTO Dispute Settlement, Addendum (TN/DS/W/82/Add.1)  • Further Contribution of the United States on Improving Flexibility and Member Control in  WTO Dispute Settlement, Addendum, Corrigendum (TN/DS/W/82/Add.1/Corr.1) 
• Further Contribution of the United States to the Improvement of the Dispute Settlement 
Understanding of the WTO Related to Transparen cy - Revised Legal Drafting (TN/DS/W/86)  
• Dispute Settlement Body – Special Session – Negotiations on Improvements and 
Clarifications of the Dispute Settlement U nderstanding – Further Contribution of the 
United States on Improving Flexibilit y and Member Control – Addendum 
(TN/DS/W/82/Add.2) 
• Flexibility and Member Control – Revised Text ual Proposal by Chile and the United States 
 (TN/DS/W/89) 
 
Trade Facilitation 
 • Article VIII - Fees and Formalities (G/C/W/384) 
• Article X - Publication and Administration (G/C/W/400) • Integrated and Comprehensive Approach to Special and Differential Treatment (G/C/W/451) 
• Communication on Trade Facilitation (JOB(04)/103)  • Introduction to Proposals by the United States of America (TN/TF/W/11) 
• Advance Binding Rulings (TN/TF/W/12) 
• Proposal on Transparency and Publication (TN/TF/W/13) • Communication from the United States (TN/TF/W/14) • Express Shipments (TN/TF/W/15) • Release of Goods (TN/TF/W/21) 
• Consularization - Proposal from Uganda and the United States (TN/TF/W/22)  
• Multilateral Mechanism – Proposal from I ndia and the United States (TN/TF/W/57) 
• United States Assistance on Trade Facilitation (TN/TF/W/71)  • Communication from Australia, Canada and the United States – Draft Text on Advance  Rulings (TN/TF/W/125)  • Communication from Uganda and the United States – Consularization (TN/TF/W/86 and 
 Add.1)  
• Communication from Uganda and the United States – Consularization (TN/TF/W/104) • Communication from the United States - Express Shipments (TN/TF/W/91)  • Communication from Chile, Peru, and the United States - Internet Publication (TN/TF/W/89) • Communication from Australia, Canada, and the United States - Common Elements of 
 Advance Rulings (TN/TF/W/80) 
  WT/TPR/G/200 Trade Policy Review 
Page 34 
 
 
 • Communication from the United States – Draft Text on Internet Publication (TN/TF/W/145) 
• Communication from the United States – Draf t Text on Expedited Shipments (TN/TF/W/144 
 and Rev.1) • Communication from the United States -- Un ited States Assistance on Trade Facilitation 
 (TN/TF/W/151) 
 
Committee on Trade and Environment, Regular and Special Session 
 
• Sub-Paragraph 31 (i) of the Doha Declarati on – Relationship between existing WTO rules and 
 specific trade obligations set out in Mu ltilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) 
 (TN/TE/W/20 and TN/TE/W/40 
• Sub-Paragraph 31 (ii) of the Doha Declar ation - Procedures for information exchange 
between MEA Secretariats and relevant WTO committees and criteria for granting MEA 
observer status (TN/TE/W/5 and TN/TE/W/70) 
• Sub-Paragraph 31(iii) of the Doha Declara tion – Market access for environmental goods and 
services (TN/TE/W/8, TN/TE/W/34, TN/TE/W/38, TN/TE/W/52, TN/TE/W/64, TN/TE/W/65, JOB(06)140 and JOB(06)169,  JOB(07)/54, and JOB(07)193) 
• Paragraph 33 of the Doha Declaration (WT/CTE/W/227) 
 
Six dual submissions on Environmental Goods to the Committee on Trade and Environment Special 
Session and the Negotiating Group on Market Access are also listed under the Negotiating Group on 
Market Access.  
 
Council on TRIPS, Regular & Special Session 
 
• Questions and Answers:  Comparison of Proposals (TN/IP/W/1)  • Issues for Discussion, Article 23.4 (TN/IP/W/2)  • Proposal for a Multilateral System of Registra tion and Protection of Geographic Indications 
 for Wine & Spirits Based on Article 23. 4 of the TRIPS Agreement (TN/IP/W/5)  
• Multilateral System of Registration and Prot ection of Geographic Indications for Wine & 
 Spirits (TN/IP/W/6)  • Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health (IP/C/W/340)  
• Second Submission on Paragraph 6 of the Doha  Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health 
 (IP/C/W/358)  
• Implications of Article 23 Extension (IP/C/W/386)  • Moratorium to Address Needs of Developing and Least-Developed Members with No or  Insufficient Manufacturing Capacities in the Pharmaceutical Sector (IP/C/W/396)  
• Joint Proposal for a Multilateral System of Notification and Regist ration of Geographical 
 Indications for Wines and Spirits (TN/IP/W/9)  
• Article 27.3(B), Relationship between the TR IPS Agreement and the CBD, and the Protection 
 of Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IP/C/W/434)  • Technology Transfer Practices of the U.S.  National Cancer Institute's Departmental 
 Therapeutics Program (IP/C/W/341)  • Access to Genetic Resources:  Regime of the United States’ National Parks (IP/C/W/393)  
• Proposed Draft TRIPS Council Decision on the Establishment of a Multilateral System of 
 Notification and Registration of Geographical Indications for Wines and Spirits (TN/IP/W/10 
 and Add.1) • Article 27.3(B), Relationship between the TR IPS Agreement and the CBD and the Protection 
 of Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IP/C/W/449)  United States WT/TPR/G/200 
 Page 35 
 
 
 • Comments on Implementation of the 30 Augus t 2003 Agreement (Solution) on the TRIPS 
Agreement and Public Health (IP/C/W/444) 
• Relationship between the TRIPS Agreement a nd the CBD, and the Protection of Traditional 
Knowledge and Folklore (IP/C/W/469) 
 Committee on Trade and Development, Special Session 
 
• Remarks on the Review of Special and Differential Treatment (TN/CTD/W/9) • Monitoring Mechanism (TN/CTD/W/19) 
• Approach to Agreement-Specific Proposals (TN/CTD/W/27) 
 
Working Group on Transparency in Government Procurement 
 
• Capacity Building Questions (WT/WGTGP/W/34) • Workplan Proposal (WT/WGTGP/W/35) 
• Considerations Related to Enforcement of an Agreement on Transparency in Government 
 Procurement (WT/WGTGP/W/38)  
Work Program on Electronic Commerce 
 • Work Program on Electronic Commerce (WT/GC/W/493/Rev.1) 
 
Working Group on the Relationship between Trade and Investment 
 
• Covering FDI & Portfolio Investment in an Agreement (WT/WGTI/W/142)  Working Group on the Interaction be tween Trade and Competition Policy 
 
• Technical Assistance (WT/WGTCP/W/185) • Hardcore Cartels (WT/WGTCP/W/203) • Voluntary Cooperation (WT/WGTCP/W/204) 
• Transparency & Non-discrimination (WT/WGTCP/W/218) 
• Procedural Fairness (WT/WGTCP/W/219) •
 The Benefits of Peer Review in the WTO Competition Context (WT/WGTCP/W/233) 
__________