RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
10 December 2008 
 
 (08-6090) 
Working Party on the 
Accession of Montenegro Original:   English 
 
 
 
ACCESSION OF MONTENEGRO 
 
Draft Schedule of Specific Commitments in Services  
 
Draft List of Article II MFN Exemptions  
  
 As indicated in paragraph [ 262] of the Draft Report of the Working Party on the Accession of 
Montenegro (WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/4/Rev.3) the Draft Schedule of Specific Commitments in Services 
resulting from the negotiations between Monteneg ro and WTO Members is annexed to the Draft 
Protocol of Accession of Monteneg ro and is reproduced hereunder. 
  
_______________  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
Page 2  
Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
Public Utilities (3) Services considered as public utilities 
at a national or local level may be subject to public monopolies or to 
exclusive rights granted to private 
operators
1.   
Legal Entities 
 
Limitations on branches, agencies and representative offices  (3) Treatment accord ed to subsidiaries 
having their registered office, central 
administration or principal place of business within Montenegro may not 
be extended to branches or agencies 
established in Montenegro.  Treatment less favourable may be 
accorded to subsidiaries with a 
registered office in Montenegro that cannot show an effective and 
continuous link with Montenegro's 
economy.  
Subsidies  (3) Eligibility for subsidies may be 
limited to juridical persons 
established within the territory of 
Montenegro or a particular geographical sub-division thereof.  
Unbound for subsidies for research 
and development.  The supply of a service, or its subsidisation, within 
the public sector is not in breach of 
this commitment. 
(4) To the extent th at any subsidies are 
made available to natural persons, their availability may be limited to 
citizens of Montenegro.  
                                                      
1 Explanatory Note:  Public utilities exist in sectors such as related scientific and technical consulting services, R&D service s on social sciences and humanities, technical 
testing and analysis services, environmental services, health se rvices, transport services and services auxiliary to all modes of transport.  Exclusive right s on such services are often 
granted to private operators, for instance operators with con cessions from public authorities, subject to specific service obli gations.  Given that public utilities often also exist at the 
sub-central level, detailed and exhaustive sector-specific scheduling is not practical.  This limitation does not apply to tele communications and to computer and related services.  
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 Page 3Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
Real Estate (3)(4)Foreign persons may own real estate 
other than arable land and real estate within restricted areas subject to 
reciprocity.  
Temporary Entry and Stay of Natural 
Persons (4) Unbound except for measures 
concerning the entry into and temporary stay in Montenegro of the 
following categories of natural 
persons providing services: 
 
(i) Intra-corporate transfers (ICT)
 
 Entry and stay for a maximum of 3 years 
will be granted to persons transferred 
within a corporation and its subsidiaries and branches who: 
 
- Have been employed by a juridical 
person established in another WTO 
Member for at least one year immediately preceding the date of 
admission; 
- Are temporarily transferred in the 
context of the provision of a service 
in Montenegro to a subsidiary or 
branch that is providing services in Montenegro; and 
- Are Managers, Executives or 
Specialists. (4) Unbound except for measures 
concerning the categories of natural persons referred to in the Market 
Access column.   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
Page 4 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
 Managers :  are persons working in a senior 
position who primarily direct the organization, including (a) directing the 
establishment or a department or 
sub-division of the establishment; (b) supervising and controlling the work of 
other supervisory, professional or 
managerial employees; and (c) having the authority personally to hire and fire or 
recommend hiring, firing or other 
personnel actions(such as promotion or leave authorization), and exercise 
discretionary authority over day-to-day 
operations.  Does not include first-line supervisors, unless the employees 
supervised are professionals, nor does it 
include employees who primarily perform tasks necessary for the provision of the 
service.  An economic needs test will not 
be required.  
  
Executives :  are persons within the 
organization, who primarily direct the management of the organization, establish 
the goals and policies of the organization, 
exercise wide latitude in decision-making, and receive only general supervision or 
direction from higher-lev el executives, the 
board of directors, or stockholders of the business.  Executives would not directly 
perform tasks related to the actual 
provision of a service or services.  An economic needs test will not be required. 
 
Specialists
:  are persons who possess 
uncommon knowledge essential to an 
establishment's service, research 
equipment, techniques or management.  In 
assessing such knowledge, account will be 
taken not only of knowledge specific to the establishment, but also of whether the     
   WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5
 Page 5Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
 person has a high level of qualification 
referring to a type of work or trade requiring specific technical knowledge, 
including membership of an accredited 
profession.  An economic needs test will not be required.   
  
(ii) Business Visitors (BV)  
 Entry and temporary stay of the following 
categories is permitted without application 
of an economic needs test for a period of up to 90 days in any twelve months: 
 
(a) Service sellers - persons not residing 
in Montenegro who are 
representatives of a service supplier 
and are seeking temporary entry for 
the purpose of negotiating and 
contracting for the sale of services but are not engaged in making direct 
sales to the general public or in 
supplying services themselves; and 
(b) Persons responsible for setting up a 
commercial presence - managers who 
are responsible for setting up in Montenegro a commercial presence 
of a service provider of another WTO 
Member and who is not engaged in making direct sales or in supplying 
services; when the service provider 
has no other commercial presence in Montenegro.    
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Page 6 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
 (iii) Contractual Service Suppliers (CSS)  
 Access will be granted to natural persons 
engaged in the supply of a service on a 
temporary basis as employees of a legal person with no commercial presence in 
Montenegro, subject to the following 
conditions:   
 - The legal person has obtained a 
service contract, for a period not 
exceeding 12 months from a final consumer in Montenegro, through a 
procedure which guarantees the bona 
fide character of the contract; 
- The service contract complies with 
the laws of Montenegro; 
- The natural person seeking access 
should be offering such services as 
an employee of the legal person supplying the service for at least a 
year immediately preceding such 
movement; 
- The temporary entry and stay shall be 
for a cumulative period of not more 
than 3 months in any 12 month period or for the duration of the 
contract, whatever is less; 
- The natural person must possess 
(a) a university degree or a technical 
qualification demonstrating 
knowledge of an equivalent level
2; 
(b) professional qualifications where 
this is required to exercise an activity 
in the sector concerned pursuant to the laws, regulations or requirements   
                                                      
2 Where the degree or qualification has not been obtained in Montenegro, the latter may evaluate whether this is equivalent to a  university degree acquired in 
Montenegro.  
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 Page 7Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
  of Montenegro; and (c) at least three 
years professional experience in the sector; 
- The commitment relates only to the 
service activity which is the subject of the contract; it does not confer 
entitlement to exercise a professional 
title in Montenegro; 
- The number of the persons covered 
by the service contract shall not be 
larger than necessary to fulfil the contract; 
- An economic needs test will not be 
required; and 
- The service contract has to be 
obtained in one of the activities 
mentioned below: 
 
 - Legal services; 
 - Accounting and bookkeeping 
services; 
 - Architectural services, urban 
planning and landscape 
architectural services; 
 - Engineering services, integrated 
engineering services; 
 - Computer and related services; 
 - Advertising;  - Management consulting 
services; 
 - Services related to management 
consulting; 
 - Technical testing and analysis 
services; 
 - Related scientific and technical 
consulting services; 
 - Translation services;  - Environmental services; and 
 - Installations and maintenance of 
machinery or equipment.   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
Page 8 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
II. SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES 
A. Professional Services 
(a) Legal services 
 - Consultancy on foreign, 
international law and domestic 
law 
(part of CPC 861) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(b) Accounting, auditing and 
bookkeeping services 
(CPC 862) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(c) Taxation services3 
(CPC 863) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(d) Architectural services 
(CPC 8671) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(e) Engineering services 
(CPC 8672) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(f) Integrated engineering services 
(CPC 8673) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
                                                      
3 Legal advice and legal representation in taxation matters are not included, since committed under legal services (part of CPC 861). 
  
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 Page 9Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
(g) Urban planning and landscape 
architectural services (CPC 8674) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(h) Medical and dental services 
(CPC 9312) (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(i) Veterinary services 
(CPC 932) (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(j) Services provided by midwives, 
nurses, physiotherapists and para-medical personnel 
(CPC 93191) (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
B. Computer and Related Services  
- Computer and related services 
(CPC 84) 
  Montenegro subscribes to the 
"Understanding on the scope of 
coverage of Computer Services - (CPC 84)" attached in Annex I. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
C. Research and Development Services 
(a) R&D services on natural sciences 
(CPC 851) 
(b) R&D services on social sciences and 
humanities 
(CPC 852) 
(c) Interdisciplinary R&D services 
(CPC 853) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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Page 10 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
D. Real Estate Services 
(a) Involving own or leased property 
(CPC 821) 
(b) On a fee or contract basis 
(CPC 822) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
E. Rental/Leasing Services Without Operators 
(a) Relating to ships 
(CPC 83103) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(b) Relating to aircraft 
(CPC 83104) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(c) Relating to other transport equipment 
(CPC 83101, 83102, 83105) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(d) Relating to other machinery and 
equipment 
(CPC 83106 - 83109) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(e) Other: 
 - Rental services relating to pre-
recorded video cassettes and 
optical discs for use in home 
entertainment equipment (CPC 83202) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
F. Other Business Services  
(a) Advertising services 
(CPC 871) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
(b) Market research and  public opinion 
polling services (CPC 864) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(c) Management consulting services 
(CPC 865) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(d) Services related to management 
consulting 
(CPC 866)  (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(e) Technical testing and analysis 
services (CPC 8676) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(f) Advisory and consulting services 
incidental to agriculture, hunting and 
forestry (part of CPC 881) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(g) Advisory and consulting services 
incidental to fishing (part of CPC 882) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(h) Services incidental to mining 
(CPC 883, 5115) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
(k) Placement and supply services of 
personnel 
(CPC 872) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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Page 12 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
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(l) Investigation and security 
(CPC 873) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(m) Related scientific and technical 
consulting services 
(CPC 8675) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(n) Maintenance and repair of equipment 
(not including maritime vessels, 
aircraft or other transport equipment) (CPC 633, 8861-8866) (1) None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(o) Building-cleaning services 
(CPC 874) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(p) Photographic services 
(CPC 875) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(q) Packaging services 
(CPC 876) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(r) Printing, publishing 
(CPC 88442) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(s)  Convention services 
(part of CPC 87909) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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 Page 13Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
(t) Other: 
 - Translation and interpretation 
services 
(CPC 87905) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES  
A. Postal services4 
(CPC 7511) 
B. Courier services 
(CPC 7512) 
 
Services relating to the handling5 of postal 
items6 according to the following list of 
sub-sectors, whether for domestic or 
foreign destinations.  
(a) Handling of addressed written 
communications on any kind of physical medium
7, including: 
 - Hybrid mail service; and 
 - Direct mail. 
(b) Handling of addressed parcels and 
packages8 
(c) Handling of addressed press 
products9 
(d) Handling of items referred to in (a) to 
(c) above as registered or insured 
mail (1) (2) (3) Licensing systems may be 
established for sub-sectors (a) to (d), for which a general Universal Service 
Obligations exists.  These licenses 
may be subject to particular universal 
service obligations and/or financial 
contribution to a compensation fund. 
 None for sub-sectors (e) to (g).  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) (2) (3) None. 
  
 
 
 
  
(4)  Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. Montenegro undertak es the commitments 
in the Reference paper on postal and courier services in the Annex 2.  Private 
operators cannot be treated less favourably 
than the National Post Office of 
Montenegro in providing express delivery 
services. 
                                                      
4 While discussions on classification in this  sector are still ongoing, the commitment is  listed according to the proposed class ification that has been notified to WTO by 
the EC and its Member States on 23 March 2 001 (WTO document S/CSS/W/61) and of the scheduling guidelines on postal/courier co-s ponsored by the EC on 17 February 2005 
(WTO document TN/S/W/30) , without prejudice to the outcome of the discussion on the classifica tion of postal and courier servi ces. 
5 The term "handling" should be taken to incl ude clearance, sorting, transport and delivery. 
6 "Postal item" refers to items handled by any type of commercial operator, whether public or private. 
7 E.g. letter, postcards. 
8 Books, catalogues are included hereunder. 
9 Journals, newspapers, periodicals.  
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Page 14 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
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(e) Express delivery services10 for items 
referred to in (a) to (c) above 
(f) Handling of non-addressed items 
(g) Document exchange11 
 Sub-sectors (a), (d) and (e) are excluded 
when they fall into the scope of the 
services which may be reserved, which is: for items of correspondence the price of 
which is less than five times the public 
basic tariff, provided that they weigh less than 350 grams
12, plus the registered mail 
service used in the course of judicial or 
administrative procedures.  
C. Telecommunication Services 
All services consisting of the transmission 
and reception of signals by any 
electromagnetic means13, excluding 
broadcasting14 
 
Telecommunications services do not cover the economic activity consisting of the 
provision of content which require 
telecommunications services for their transport. 
 (1) None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in 
horizontal commitments. (1) None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in 
horizontal commitments. Montenegro undertakes the obligations 
contained in the reference paper attached 
hereto for the following basic 
telecommunications services: 
 
a) Voice telephone services; 
b) Packet-switched data transmission 
services; 
c) Circuit-switched data transmission 
services; 
d) Telex services; 
                                                      
10 Express delivery services include the collection, transport, and delivery of documents, printed matter, parcels, goods or othe r items on an expedited basis, while 
tracking and maintaining control of these items throughout the supply of the service.  This commitment does not include maritim e transport services, or services to which the 
Annex on Air Transport Services applies. 
11 Provision of means, including the supply of ad hoc premises as  well as transportation by a third party, allowing self-delivery  by mutual exchange of postal items 
between users subscribing to this service.  Postal item refers to items handled by any type of commercial operator, whether pub lic or private. 
12 "Items of correspondence":  a communication in written form on any kind of physical medium to be conveyed and delivered at the  address indicated by the sender on 
the item itself or on its wrapping.  Books, catalogues, newspapers and periodicals are not regarded as items of correspondence.  
13 Sub-sectors 2.C.h) to 2.C.m) of the Serv ices Sectoral Classification List contained in MTN,GNS/W/120 (value-added services) an d Sub-sectors 2.C.a) to 2.C.g) of that 
List are included here.  Sub-sector 2.C.o) of that List is also included here to the extent that it falls under this definition .  For the purpose of this Schedule, sub-sector 2.C.n) of 
that List ('On-line information and/or data processing (including transaction processing)') is a computer and related service a nd, as such, is reflected in this Schedule of 
Commitments under 1.B. 
14 Broadcasting is defined as the uninterrupted chain of transmission required for the distribution of TV and radio programme sig nals to the general public, but does not 
cover contribution links between operators.  
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Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
These services may be provided on a 
facilities basis or non-facilities basis, and encompass local, long-distance, or 
international services, for public or non-
public use, and may be provided through any means of technology. e) Telegraph services; 
f) Facsimile services; 
g) Private leased circuit services; and 
o) Other. 
3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES 
A. General construction 
work for buildings 
(CPC 512) 
B. General construction 
work for civil engineering 
(CPC 513) 
C. Installation and assembly work 
(CPC 514, 516)  
D. Building completion and finishing 
work 
(CPC 517) 
E. Other: 
(CPC 511, 515, 518) (1) Unbound due to lack of  technical 
feasibility. 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound. 
 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 
 Sub-sectors below exclude trade in arms, muniti ons, war material and other military equipment. 
A. Commission agents' services 
(CPC 621, 61111, 6113, 6121) 
B. Wholesale trade services 
(CPC 622, CPC 61111,  6113, 6121) 
C. Retailing services 
(CPC 631, 632, 61112, 6113, 6121, 
6122, 613) 
D. Franchising 
(CPC 8929) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3) None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
5. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES ( only privately funded services)  
A. Primary education services 
(CPC 921) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
 
 (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  A private elementary school may be 
established only by a domestic 
natural or legal person. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
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B. Secondary education services 
(CPC 922) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
C. Higher education services 
(CPC 923) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
D. Adult education 
(CPC 924) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
E. Other education services 
(CPC 929) 
 Training services (e.g. language 
training; driver's education; 
executive/management training; 
information technology training) and 
education testing services (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES  
A. Water for human use and wastewater 
management 
(wastewater services corresponds to 
sewage services)  (CPC 9401) 
B. Solid/Hazardous waste management 
 - Refuse disposal services 
 (CPC 9402)  
- Sanitation and similar services 
 (CPC 9403) 
C. Protection of ambi ent air and climate 
 - Cleaning services of exhaust 
gases (CPC 9404) 
D. Remediation and clean up of soil and 
waters 
 - Treatment, remediation of (1) Unbound, except for advisory 
services where None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound except for advisory 
services where None. 
(2) None.  
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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contaminated/polluted soil and 
water (part of CPC 9406) 
 Corresponds to parts of Nature and 
landscape protection services 
E. Noise and vibration abatement 
(CPC 9405) 
F. Protection of biodiversity and 
landscape 
 - Nature and landscape protection 
services (parts of CPC 9406 not covered 
under D) 
G. Other Environmental Services 
(CPC 9409) (1) Unbound, except for advisory 
services where None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound, except for advisory 
services where None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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Page 18 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
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7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
- As a general rule and in a non-discriminatory manner, financia l institutions incorporated in Montenegro must adopt a specific  legal form15. 
- The admission to the market of new financial products may be su bject to existence of, and consistency with, a regulatory fram ework aimed at achie ving the objectives 
indicated in Article 2(a) of the Annex on Financial Services. 
A. All insurance and insurance - related services 
- Insurance company may not offer services of life and non-life insurance simultaneously.  Exceptionally insurance company prov iding life insurance services may provide 
non-life insurance such as insurance against accidents as well as voluntary health insurance to its  customers up to the level o f treatment costs. 
- Compulsory insurance can be provided only by insurance companies (including foreign insurance suppliers) licensed in Monteneg ro and State funds.  Compulsory 
insurance implies obligatory insurance of passengers in public tr ansportation against accidents and insurance of owners of moto r vehicles, aircrafts and maritime vessels 
for third party liability and collective insura nce of employees against industrial accide nts.  State funds provide compulsory p ension and health insurance.  Ten years after 
the date of accession, compulsory insurance of owners or users of maritime vessels for third party liability may also be suppli ed by insurance companies not licensed in 
Montenegro under the same conditions that applies to insurance companies licensed in Montenegro.  
i. Direct insurance (including co-insurance)  
(a) Life insurance (1)  Unbound, except for provision of life 
insurance to foreign nationals where 
None. 
(2)  None. (3)  Branching will be allowed as of 
January 2012 on a non discriminatory 
basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section horizontal section. (1) None. 
 
 
(2) None. (3) Branching will be allowed as of 
January 2012 on a non discriminatory 
basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(b) Non-life insurance (1)  Unbound, except for insuring 
property of foreign nationals as well 
as insurance of risks relating to 
marine shipping and commercial aviation to cover the goods being 
transported, the vehicles transporting 
the goods and liability arising therefrom above compulsory (1)  None.  
 
 
  
 
   
                                                      
15 - Foreign insurance companies are required to establish subsidiari es which must be incorporated as joint stock companies.  Bran ching will be allowed as of January 2012; 
- Company for intermediation in insurance and agency for provision of other services may be established as a joint stock or lim ited liability company; 
- Foreign banks may establish subsidiaries, branch offices or re presentative offices in the territory of Montenegro.  Represent ative offices of foreign banks may provide only 
preparatory activities such as market research and may not provide banking services; 
- Broker and dealer companies, credit guarant ee funds investment funds and a stock exchange must be incorporated as joint stock  companies; 
- Micro finance institutions and legal entities for provision of investment advisory services must be incorporated as limited l iability companies or joint stock companies, 
Company for investment fund management company must be incorporated as a joint stock or limited liability company, while asset management company performing 
activity of managing and organizing voluntary pension funds must be established as a non-public joint stock company. 
  
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insurance, and goods in international 
transit, where None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  Branching will be allowed as of 
January 2012 on a non discriminatory basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 (2)  None. 
(3)  Branching will be allowed as of 
January 2012 on a non discriminatory basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
(c) Reinsurance and retrocession (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3) Branching will be allowed as of 
January 2012 on a non discriminatory basis. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) Branching will be allowed as of 
January 2012 on a non discriminatory basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
- Insurance intermediation, such as 
brokerage and agency (1)  Unbound except for insurance 
services for which full commitments 
are taken under sub-sectors (a) 
and (b). 
(2)  None. 
(3)  Branching will be allowed as of 
January 2012 on a non discriminatory 
basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
 
 
 
(2)  None. 
(3)  Branching will be allowed as of 
January 2012 on a non discriminatory 
basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(d) Services auxiliary  to insurance such 
as consultancy, actuarial, risk 
assessment and claim settlement services (1)  Unbound except for insurance 
services for which full commitments 
are taken under sub-sectors (a) and (b). 
(2)  None. 
(3)  Branching will be allowed as of 
January 2012 on a non discriminatory 
basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
 
  
(2)  None. 
(3)  Branching will be allowed as of 
January 2012 on a non discriminatory 
basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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Page 20 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
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B. Banking and other financial services 
One out of five members of the bank's management board and at least two executive directors must be familiar with the official language of Montenegro and be resident in 
Montenegro for the duration of the engagement. 
(a) Acceptance of deposits and other 
repayable funds from the public (1) None. 
(2)  None.  
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(b) Lending of all types, consumer 
credit, mortgage credit, factoring and financing of commercial transaction 
(c) Financial leasing 
(d) All payment and money transmission 
services including credit charge and 
debit cards, traveller's cheques and 
bankers drafts 
(e) Guarantees and commitments (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(f) Trading for own account or for 
account of customers weather on an 
exchange market in an over-the-
counter market or otherwise 
following: 
 
 - Money market instruments 
(cheques, bills, certificate of deposits, etc.); 
 - Foreign exchange; 
 - Derivative products (including, 
but not limited to, futures and 
options); 
 - Exchange rate and interest rate 
instruments, such as swaps and 
forward rate agreements; 
 - Transferable securities; and  - Other negotiable instruments 
and financial assets, such as 
bullion. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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(g) Participation in issues of all kinds of 
securities, under-writing and placement as agent (whether publicly 
or privately) and provision of service 
related to such issues  
(h) Money broking (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(i) Asset management, such as cash or 
portfolio management, all forms of 
collective investment management, pension fund management, custodial, 
depository and trust services (1) The establishment of a specialised 
management company is required to 
perform the activities of management of unit trusts and investment 
companies.  Only firms having their 
registered office in Montenegro can act as depositories of the assets of 
investment funds. 
(2) None. (3) The establishment of a specialised 
management company is required to 
perform the activities of management 
of unit trusts and investment 
companies.  Only firms having their registered office in Montenegro can 
act as depositories of the assets of 
investment funds. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
 
  
 
  
 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
 
 
 
  
 
 (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
(j) Settlement and cl earing services for 
financial assets:  securities, derivative products, and other negotiable 
instruments (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. (3)  This type of services may be 
provided by Central Depository of 
Securities only. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
 
 (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(k) Provision and transfer of financial 
information, and financial data processing and related software by 
providers of other financial services  (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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Page 22 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
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(l) Advisory, intermediation and other 
auxiliary financial services on all the activities listed in subparagraphs (a) 
through (l), including credit reference 
and analysis, investment and portfolio research and advice, advice 
on acquisitions and on corporate 
restructuring and strategy. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
8. HEALTH RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES ( only privately funded services) 
A. Hospital services 
(CPC 9311) 
B. Other human health services 
(CPC 9319) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES  
A. Hotels and restaurants (incl. catering) 
(CPC 641- 643) 
(excluding catering in transport 
services sector) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2) None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
B. Travel agencies and  tour operators 
services 
(CPC 7471) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
C. Tourist guide services 
(CPC 7472) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERVICES (other than audiovisual services)  
A. Cinema theatre operation services 
(CPC  96199 **) (1) Unbound. 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  Unbound. (3)  None, except for access to subsidies: 
Unbound. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
B. News agency services 
(CPC 962) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3) None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
D. Sporting and other recreational 
activities, excluding gambling and betting services 
(part of  CPC 964) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
A. Maritime Transport Services 
(a) Passenger transportation 
(CPC 7211) 
(b) Freight transportation 
(CPC 7212) except cabotage16 (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  (a) Establishment of a registered 
company for the purpose of 
operating a fleet under the 
Montenegrin flag: Unbound. 
 (b) Other forms of commercial 
presence for the supply of 
international maritime transport (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  (a) Unbound.  (b) None. The following services at the port are 
made available to international maritime 
transport suppliers on reasonable and no discriminatory terms and conditions: 
 
1. Pilotage; 2. Towing and tug assistance; 
3. Provisioning, fuelling and watering; 
4. Garbage collecting and ballast waste  
                                                      
16 Without prejudice to the scope of activities which may be considered as "cabotage" under the relevant national legislation, th is schedule does not include "maritime 
cabotage services", which are assumed to cover transportation of passengers or goods between a port located in Montenegro and a nother port located in Montenegro, traffic 
originating and terminating in the same port located in Montenegro provided that this traffic remains within Montenegro's terri torial waters, and transportation of passengers and 
goods between a port located in Montenegro and installations or structures situated on the continental shelf of Montenegro.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
Page 24 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
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   services: None17. 
(4)  (a) Ship's crews: Unbound.  (b) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
(4)  (a) Unbound.  (b) Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  disposal; 
5. Port Captain's services; 6. Navigation aids; 
7. Shore-based operational services 
essential to ship operations, including communications, water and electrical 
supplies; 
8. Emergency repair facilities; and 9. Anchorage, berth and berthing 
services. 
(c) Rental of vessels with crew 
(CPC 7213) (1)  None.  
(2)  None.  (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(d) Maintenance and repair of  vessels 
(CPC 8868**) (1) Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(e) Pushing and towing services 
(CPC 7214), except cabotage (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
                                                      
17 "Other forms of commercial presence for the supply of intern ational maritime transport services" means the ability for interna tional maritime transport service 
suppliers of other Members to undertake locally all activities wh ich are necessary for the supply to their customers of a parti ally or fully integrated transport service, within which 
the maritime transport constitutes a substantial element.  (This commitment shall however not be  construed as limiting in any m anner the commitments undertaken under the 
cross-border mode of delivery).  These activities include, but are not limited to: 
- Marketing and sales of maritime transport and related services through direct contact with customers, from quotation to invoi cing, these services be ing those operated or 
offered by the service supplier itself or by service suppliers with which the service seller has established standing business arrangements; 
- The acquisition, on their own account or on be half or their customers (and the resale to their customers) of any transport an d related services, including inward transport 
services by any mode, particularly inland  waterways, road and rail, necessary for the supply of  the integrated services; 
- The preparation of documentation concerning transport documents, customs documents, or other documents related to the origin and character of the goods transported; 
- The provision of business information by any means, including computerised information systems and electronic data interchang e (subject to the provisions of the annex 
on telecommunications); 
- The setting up of any business arrangements (including particip ation in the stock of a company) and the appointment of person nel recruited locally (or, in the case of 
foreign personnel, subject to the horizontal commitment on movement of personnel) with any locally established shipping agency;  and 
- Acting on behalf of the companies, organising the call of the ship or taking over cargoes when required.  
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- Maritime cargo handling services18 (1)  Unbound except no limitation on 
transhipment (board to board or via the quay) or on the use of on-board 
cargo handling equipment. 
(2)  None. (3)  None
19. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound except no limitation on 
transhipment (board to board or via the quay) or on the use of on-board 
cargo handling equipment. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
- Storage and warehousing services 
(CPC 742) 
- Customs clearance services20 
- Container station and depot 
services21 (1)  Unbound 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None22. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
- Maritime agency services23 
- Maritime freight forwarding 
services24 (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
C. Air Transport Services  
                                                      
18 "Maritime cargo handling services" means activities exercised by stevedore companies, including terminal operators, but not in cluding the direct activities of dockers 
when this workforce is organised independently of the stevedor ing or terminal operator companies.  The activities covered inclu de the organisation and supervision of (a) the 
loading/discharging of cargo to/from a ship; (b) the lashing/unlashing of cargo; and (c) the reception/delivery and safekeeping  of cargoes before shipment or after discharge. 
19 Public utility concession or licensing procedures may apply in case of occupation of the public domain. 
20 "Customs clearance services" means activities consisting in carry ing out, on behalf of another party, customs formalities conc erning import, export or through 
transport of cargoes, whether this service is the main activity of the service provider or a usual complement of its main activ ity. 
21 "Container station and depot services" means activities consisting in storing containers, whether in port areas or inland, wit h a view to their stuffing/stripping, 
repairing and making them available for shipments. 
22 Public utility concession or licensing procedures may apply in case of occupation of the public domain. 
23 "Maritime agency services" means activities consisting in repres enting, within a given geographic area, as an agent the busine ss interests of one or more shipping lines 
or shipping companies, for the following purposes: (a) marketing and sales of maritime transport and related services, from quo tation to invoicing, and issu ance of bills of lading 
on behalf of the companies, acquisition and resale of the necessary related services, preparation of documentation, and provisi on of business information; and (b) acting on behalf 
of the companies organising the call of the ship or taking over cargoes when required. 
24 "Freight forwarding services" means (the activity consisting of organising and monitoring shipment operations on behalf of shi ppers, through the acquisition of 
transport and related services, pr eparation of documentation and provision of business information). 
  
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(d) Maintenance and repair of aircrafts 
(CPC 8868**) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(e) Supporting services for air transport 
 
- Selling and marketing of air transport 
services 
- Computer reservation system (CRS) (1)  None. 
 
 
 (2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
  
 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None, except for distribution through 
CRS of air transport services 
provided by CRS parent carrier: 
Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None, except for distribution through 
CRS of air transport services provided by CRS parent carrier: 
Unbound. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
E. Rail Transport Services 
(b) Freight transportation 
(CPC 7112) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(d) Maintenance and repair of rail 
transport equipment 
(CPC 8868**) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(e) Supporting services for railway 
transport 
(CPC 7430) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
F. Road Transport Services 
(a) Passenger  transportation 
(CPC 7121, 7122) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. (3)  Unbound. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. (3)  Unbound. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
   WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5
 Page 27Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
(b) Freight transportation 
(CPC 7123) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
 
  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. (3)  None, except that international 
transport may be provided only after 
two years of experience in providing local transport in Montenegro. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(c) Rental of commercial vehicles with 
operator 
(CPC 7124) 
(d) Repair services n.e.c. of motor 
vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 
(CPC 8867) 
(e) Supporting services for road transport 
services 
(CPC 744) (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the  
horizontal section. (1) Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(f) Maintenance and repair services of 
motor vehicles 
(CPC 6112) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
H. Services auxiliary to all modes of transport 
(a) Cargo handling services 
(CPC 741) 
(b) Storage and warehousing services 
(CPC 742) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(c) Freight transport agency services 
(CPC 748) 
(d) Other supporting and auxiliary 
transport services 
(CPC 749) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
   WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
Page 28 
 
 
  ANNEX I 
Understanding on the Scope of Coverage of  CPC 84 - Computer and Related Services  
1. CPC 84 covers all computer and related services. 2. Technological developments have led to th e increased offering of these services as a bundle 
or package of related services that can include some or all of the basic functions listed in 
paragraph 3.  For example, services such as web or domain hosting, data mining services and 
grid computing each consist of a combination of basic computer services functions. 
3. Computer and related services, regardless of whether they are delivered via a network, 
including the Internet, include all services th at provide any of the following or any 
combination thereof: 
 - Consulting, adaptation, strategy, analysis, planning, specification, design, 
development, installation, implementation, integration, testing, debugging, updating, 
support, technical assistance, or management of or for computers or computer systems; 
 - Consulting, strategy, analysis, planning, specification, design, development, 
installation, implementation, integration,  testing, debugging, updating, adaptation, 
maintenance, support, technical assistance, management or use of or for software
25; 
 - Data processing, data storage, data hosting or database services;  - Maintenance and repair services for o ffice machinery and equipment, including 
computers; and 
 - Training services for staff of clients, related to software, computers or computer 
systems, and not elsewhere classified. 
4. In many cases, computer and related services enable the provision of other services
26 by both 
electronic and other means.  However, in such cases, there is an important distinction between 
the computer and related service (e.g., web-hos ting or application hosting) and the other 
service enabled by the computer and related service.  The other service, regardless of whether 
it is enabled by a computer and related service, is not covered by CPC 84.  
                                                      
25 The term "software" may be defined as the sets of instructions required to make computers work and 
communicate.  A number of different programmes may be developed for specific applications (application 
software), and the customer may have a choice of us ing ready-made programmes off the shelf (packaged 
software), developing specific programmes for partic ular requirements (customized software) or using a 
combination of the two. 
26 E.g.,W/120.1.A.b. (accounting, auditing and bookkeep ing services), W/120.1.A.d. (architectural 
services), W/120.1.A.h. (medical and dental services), W/120.2.D (audiovisual services), W/120.5. (educational 
services).  WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
 Page 29 
 
 
  ANNEX TO THE UNDERSTANDING ON THE SCOPE OF COVERAGE OF CPC 84 
COMPUTER AND RELATED SERVICES 
CPC Division 84 – Computer and Related Services  
841 Consultancy services related to the installation of computer hardware.  
8410 84100  Consultancy services related to the installation of computer hardware:  
 Assistance services to the clients in the in stallation of computer hardware (i.e. physical 
equipment) and computer networks. 
842 Software implementation services:  
 All services involving consultancy services on, de velopment and implementation of software.  
The term "software" may be defined as the sets of instructions required to make computers 
work and communicate.  A number of different  programmes may be developed for specific 
applications (application software), and the cu stomer may have a choice of using ready-made 
programmes off the shelf (packaged software), developing specific programmes for particular 
requirements (customized software) or using a combination of the two. 
8421 84210  Systems and software consulting services:  
 Services of a general nature prior to th e development of data processing systems and 
applications.  It might be management services, project planning services, etc. 
8422 84220  Systems analysis services:  
 Analysis services include analysis of the client s' needs, defining functional specification, and 
setting up the team.  Also involved are proj ect management, technical coordination and 
integration and definition of the systems architecture. 
8423 84230  Systems design services:  
 Design services include technical solutions, with respect to methodology, quality-assurance, 
choice of equipment software packages or new technologies, etc. 
8424 84240  Programming services:  
 Programming services include the implem entation phase, i.e. writing and debugging 
programmes, conducting tests,  and editing documentation. 
8425 84250  Systems maintenance services:  
 Maintenance services include consulting and technical assistance services of software 
products in use, rewriting or changing existing programmes or systems, and maintaining up-to-date software documentation and manua ls.  Also included are specialist work, 
e.g. conversions. WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
Page 30 
 
 
  843 Data processing services.  
8431 84310  Input preparation services:  
 Data recording services such as key punching, optical scanning or other methods for data 
entry. 
8432 84320  Data-processing and tabulation services:  
 Services such as data processing and tabulation services, computer calculating services, and 
rental services of computer time. 
8433 84330  Time-sharing services:  
 This seems to be the same type of services as 84320.  Computer time only is bought; if it is 
bought from the customer's premises, telecommunications services are also bought.  Data 
processing or tabulation services may also be b ought from a service bureau.  In both cases the 
services might be time sharing processed.  Thus, there is no clear distinction between 84320 
and 84330. 
8439 84390  Other data processing services:  
 Services which manage the full operations of a customer's facilities under contract:  
computer-room environmental quality control services; management services of in-place 
computer equipment combinations; and management services of computer work flows and distributions. 
844 Database services.
 
8440 84400  Database services:  
 All services provided from primarily structured databases through a communication network. 
 Exclusions:   Data and message transmission services (e.g. network operation services, 
value-added network services) are classified in class 7523 (Data and message transmission 
services). 
 Documentation services consisting in information retrieval from databases are classified in 
subclass 96311 (Library services). 
845 Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and equipment including computers.  
8450 84500 Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and equipment including 
computers:  
 Repair and maintenance services of office m achinery, computers and related equipment. 
849 Other computer services.  
8491 84910  Data preparation services:  
 Data preparation services for clients not involving data processing services.  WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
 Page 31 
 
 
  8499 84990  Other computer services n.e.c .: 
 Other computer related services, not elsewhere classified, e.g. training services for staff of 
clients, and other professional computer services. WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
Page 32 
 
 
  ANNEX II 
Reference Paper on the Postal and Courier Sector  
Scope  
The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for all postal and 
courier services.  
Definitions  
"Individual licence" is an authorisation, granted to an individual supplier by a regulatory 
authority, which is required before supplying a given service. 
"Universal service" is the permanent provision of a postal service of specified quality at all 
points in the territory of a Member at affordable prices for all users. 
1. Prevention of anti-competitive practices in the postal and courier sector 
Appropriate measures will be maintained or  introduced for the purpose of preventing 
suppliers who, alone or together, ha ve the ability to affect materially the terms of participation (having 
regard to price and supply) in the relevant markets for postal and courier service s as a result of use of 
their position in the market, from engaging in  or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
2. Universal service 
Any Member has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regard ed as anti-competitive per se, provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminator y and competitively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member. 
3. Individual licenses 
An individual licence may only be required for services which are within the scope of the 
universal service. 
Where an individual licence is required, the following will be made publicly available: 
(a) All the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence; and 
(b) The terms and conditions of individual licenses. 
The reasons for the denial of an individual licence will be made known to the applicant upon 
request and an appeal procedure through an indepe ndent body will be established.  Such a procedure 
will be transparent, non-discriminatory, and based on objective criteria.  
4. Independence of the regulatory body 
The regulatory body is legally separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of postal 
and courier services.  The decisions of and the procedures used by the regulatory body will be 
impartial with respect to all market participants.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
 Page 33 
 
 
  REFERENCE PAPER 
Scope  
 The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services. 
Definitions  
 Users  mean service consumers and service suppliers. 
 Essential facilities  mean facilities of a public telecommunications transport network or service 
that: 
 (a) Are exclusively or predominantly pr ovided by a single or limited number of 
suppliers; and 
 (b) Cannot feasibly be economically or tec hnically substituted in order to provide a 
service. 
 A major supplier  is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of 
participation (having regard to price a nd supply) in relevant market for basic 
telecommunications services as a result of: 
 (a) Control over essential facilities; or 
 (b) Use of its position in the market.  1. Competitive safeguards
 
1.1. Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications  
 Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone 
or together, are a major supplier from engaging  in or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
1.2. Safeguards  
 The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:  (a) Engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization; 
 (b) Using information obtained from compe titors with anti-competitive results; and 
 (c) Not making available to other services s uppliers on timely basis technical information 
about essential facilities and commercially re levant information which are necessary 
for them to provide services. 
2. Interconnection
 
2.1. This section applies to linking with supplie rs, providing public telecommunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the user s of one supplier to communicate with users of 
another supplier and to access services provi ded by another supplier, where specific 
commitments are undertaken. WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
Page 34 
 
 
  2.2. Interconnection to be ensured  
 Interconnection with a major supplier will be en sured at any technically feasible point in the 
network.  Such interconnection is provided. 
 (a) Under not-discriminatory terms, cond itions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no l ess favourable than that provided for its 
own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its subsidiaries or other affiliates; 
 (b) In a timely fashion, on terms, c onditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that ar e transparent, reasonable, having regard 
to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundl ed so that the supplier need not pay 
for network components or facilities that it does not require for the service to be 
provided; and 
 (c) Upon request, at points in addition to th e network termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary additional facilities. 
2.3. Public availability of the pr ocedures for interconnection negotiations
 
 The procedures applicable for interconnecti on to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available. 
2.4. Transparency of interconnection arrangements  
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make  publicly available either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer. 
2.5. Interconnection: dispute settlement  
 A service supplier requesting interconnection with  a major supplier will have recourse, either: 
 (a) At any time; or 
 (b) After a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known to an 
independent domestic body, which may be a regulatory body as referred to in 
paragraph 5 below, to resolve disputes re garding appropriate terms, conditions and 
rates for interconnection within a reasonable period of time, to the extent that these 
have not been established previously. 
3. Universal services  
 Any Member has the right to define the ki nd of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regard ed as anti-competitive per se, provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discrimin atory and competitively neutral manner and are 
not more burdensome than necessary for the kind  of universal service defined by the Member. 
4. Public availability of licensing criteria  
 Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available: 
 (a) All the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence; and 
 (b) the terms and conditio ns of individual licenses.  WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
 Page 35 
 
 
   The reasons for the denial of a licence will be  made known to the applicant upon request. 
5. Independent regulators  
 The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services.  The decisions of and the procedures used by regulators shall be 
impartial with respect to all market participants. 
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources  
 Any procedures for the allocation and use of s carce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an objective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory manner.  The current state of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly 
available, but detailed identifi cation of frequencies allocated for specific Government uses is 
not required. 
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5 
Page 36 List of Article II MFN Exemptions of the Republic of Montenegro  
 
Sector or sub-sector Description of measure indicating its inconsistency 
with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need 
for the exemption 
Real estate  All sectors A foreign legal or natural person may acquire 
ownership of real property in Montenegro provided the reciprocity requirement is met. All countries. Indefinite. Legal system reasons. 
Legal services Apart from consultancy services, other legal services 
provided by advocates, i.e. attorneys who are members of the Montenegrin Bar Association and registered in the Association's Register may be provided subject to 
reciprocity. All countries. Indefinite. Reciprocal coordination of the 
legal profession within the overall regional development of judicial and administrative 
institutions. 
Audiovisual services 
  Production and 
distribution of audiovisual works through broadcasting or other forms of transmission to the 
public Measures which define works of European origin, in 
such a way as to extend national treatment to audiovisual works which meet certain linguistic and origin criteria regarding access to broadcasting or similar forms of transmission. Parties to the Council of 
Europe Convention on Transfrontier Television or other European countries with whom an agreement may be concluded. Indefinite. 
Exemption needed, for certain countries, only until an economic integration agreement is concluded or completed. The measures aim, within the 
sector, to promote cultural values in Europe, as well as achieving linguistic policy objectives. 
- Production and 
distribution of cinematographic works and television programmes Measures based upon Government-to-Government 
framework agreements, and plurilateral agreements, on 
co-production of audiovisual works, which confer National Treatment to audiovisual works covered by these agreements, in particular in relation to distribution and access to funding. All countries with whom 
cultural cooperation may be desirable (agreements already exist, or are being negotiated, with the following countries:  Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Canada, Cape Verde, 
Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, 
Colombia, Cuba, Egypt, Guinea Bissau, India, Israel, Mali, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, New Zealand, São Tomé e Principe, Senegal, States in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Venezuela). Indefinite. The aim of these agreements is 
to promote cultural links between the countries concerned.  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/CGR/5
 Page 37Sector or sub-sector Description of measure indicating its inconsistency 
with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need 
for the exemption 
- Production and 
distribution of television programmes and cinematographic 
works Measures granting the benefit of any support 
programmes (such as Action Plan for Advanced Television Services, MEDIA or EURIMAGES) to audiovisual works, and suppliers of such works, 
meeting certain European origin criteria. European countries. Indefinite. 
Exemption needed, for certain countries, only until an economic integration 
agreement is concluded or 
completed. These programmes aim at 
preserving and promoting the regional identity of countries within Europe which have 
long-standing cultural links. 
Road transport services Road transport licenses are issued subject to 
reciprocity. All countries. Indefinite International practice. 
- Passenger and Freight Measures applie d under existing or future agreement on 
international road transport and which reserve or limit 
the provision of transport services and the establishment of transport operators, and specify operating conditions, including transit permits, licenses and/or preferential road taxes of transport services into, in, across and out of Montenegro to the parties concerned.  Provisions in existing or future agreements on international road haulage (including combined transport - road/rail) and passenger transport, concluded by Montenegro, which:  - Reserve or limit the provision of a transport 
service between the contracting parties or across 
the territory of the contracting parties to vehicles registered in each contracting party; and 
- Provide for tax exemption for such vehicles. All countries with which 
agreements are or will be in 
force. Indefinite. The need for exemption is 
linked to the region 
characteristics of the road transport services and to the necessity to regulate traffic rights in the across the territory of Montenegro and between Montenegro and the countries concerned. 
Selling marketing and computer reservations systems of air transport services The obligations of Montenegrin CRS system vendors or 
of Montenegrin parent and participating air carriers shall not apply, respectively, in respect of foreign parent carriers or of CRS controlled by foreign air carriers to the extent that their CRS outside Montenegro does not offer national treatment to 
Montenegrin air carriers or to Montenegrin parent and 
participating air carriers. All countries where a CRS 
system vendor or a parent air carrier is located. Indefinite. The need for the exemption 
results from the insufficient development of multilaterally agreed rules for the operation of CRS. 
All sectors Measures based on bilateral agreements concluded by 
Montenegro with the objective of providing for the movement of all categories of natural persons supplying services. Regional countries. Indefinite. The agreements reflect a 
process of progressive trade liberalisation between Montenegro and its regional trading partners. 
 
 
__________