WT/TPR/M/445  
19 December 2023 
(23-8698) Page: 1/43 
Trade Policy Review Body  
20 and 22 September 2023   
 
  
TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
COUNTRIES OF THE CENTRAL AFRICAN ECONOMIC AND MONETARY COMMUNITY (CEMAC)  
MINUTES OF THE MEETING  
Chairperson: H.E. Mr Saqer Abdullah Almoqbel (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)  
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  2 
2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE CEMAC COUNTRIES  ..............  3 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ................  7 
4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  ................................ ................................ ........................  12 
5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE CEMAC COUNTRIES AND 
ADDI TIONAL COMMENTS  ................................ ................................ ...............................  29 
6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  42 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided 
by the CEMAC countries  are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/ 445/Add.1  and will be available 
online at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
1.1.  The second Trade Policy Review of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community 
(CEMAC) countries Members of the WTO was  held on 20 and 22  September  2023. The Chairperson, 
H.E. Mr Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) welcomed the Heads of Delegations of 
the CEMAC countries led by  H.E. Mr Alphonse  Claude  N'Silou, Minister of Trade, Supplies and 
Consumption (Cong o); H.E. Mr Luc Magloire  Mbarga  Atangana, Minister of Commerce (Cameroon ); 
H.E. Mrs Robertine  Walendom , Minister of Industry and Commerce (Chad); 
H.E. Mrs Patricia  Djipano, Minister of Commerce (Gabon ); and H.E.  Mr Firmin  Gabin  
N'Gbeng  Mokoue , Chargé d'Affaire a.i. (Central  African  Republic ); the other delegations from 
capitals and colleagues from the Missions in Geneva, as well as the discussant, H.E.  Ambassador  
Usha Dwarka -Canabady  (Mauritius).  
1.2.  The Chairperson called Members' attention and w elcomed the presence of the participants of 
the Introductory Trade Policy Course for LDCs, who were very interested in attending th e meeting.  
1.3.  The Chairperson was pleased that, in addition to physical presence, the meeting also benefited 
from the Interprefy  online connection, allowing for a wider participation of the Membership.  
1.4.  The Chairperson recalled the purpose of TPRs and the main elements of procedures for the 
meeting. The Report s by CEMAC countries  are contained in document WT/TPR/G/ 445, and that of 
the WTO Secretariat in document WT/TPR/S/ 445 and its five annexes . 
1.5.  Questions by the following delegations were submitted in writing before the deadline: 
Argentina, Canada, China, Japan, Singapore, the United  Kingdom, Iceland, Tunisia, and the 
European  Union . The following delegations submitted written questions after the deadline: Colombia 
and the United  States.  
1.6.  The Chairperson first recalled some elements of the CEMAC countries' previous Review in 2013. 
In the 2013 TPR meeting, Members emphasized that CEMAC  countries had enormous economic 
potential due to their large natural resources that remained mostly untapped. They encouraged 
CEMAC countries to implement existing reform programmes to improve human development and 
infrastructure as well as to undertake n ew reforms aimed at facilitating trade and improving their 
business environment.  
1.7.  During the 2013 meeting, many WTO  Members encouraged the countries under review to 
ensure greater coherence in their policies, and more stringent implementation of the regional 
measures. At that time Members welcomed the five  countries' strong commitment to the multilateral 
trading system and expressed praise for many positive steps taken in the area of trade facilitation. 
Some of these issues also emerged in the current  Review and were discussed in the documents 
prepared for it.  
1.8.  The CEMAC countries received 297 advance written questions from 10 Members for the current 
Review, 183 of which were sent within the deadline set. Advance written questions covered issues 
such as  overall legal, institutional, and administrative reforms, the fulfilment of notification 
requirements, the border tax regime (tariffs and other duties and charges), trade facilitation, and 
intellectual property rights. Prior to the meeting, the CEMAC coun tries provided written replies to a 
number of questions submitted within the deadline. The Chairperson was looking forward to hearing 
the CEMAC countries' replies to other questions during the two -day meeting. Follow -up questions 
must be answered within 30  days from the second day of the meeting . 
1.9.  The meeting provide d a good opportunity for Members to discuss in detail these and other 
issues of interest to them and of importance to the multilateral trading system. The Chairperson 
looked forward to a fruitful  exchange.  
1.10.  I would like to close my introductory remarks by wishing the CEMAC countries a very 
successful second Trade Policy Review.  
1.11.  The Chairperson closed his introductory remarks by wishing the CEMAC countries a very 
successful second  Trade Policy Revie w. WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE CEMAC COUNTRIES 
(H.E.  MR ALPHONSE  CLAUDE  N'SILOU)  
2.1.  First of all, I would like to thank you for giving up your time, which I know is very limited, to 
take part in the second group review of the trade policies  of the CEMAC countries that are Members 
of the WTO.  
2.2.  I would like to remind you that CEMAC's goal is to create a genuine customs union and a 
strengthened common market, with the complete free movement of goods, services, people and 
capital, and the harmoni zation of sectoral policies, all of which will help to deepen regional integration 
and markets.  
2.3.  The Common Report relating to the group review of the trade policies of the CEMAC States that 
are Members of the WTO has been prepared within a particular subre gional and international context, 
marked by a sharp rebound in the world economy in 2021 following a recession in 2020 due to the 
impact of COVID -19. 
2.4.  The world economy continues to suffer from the adverse impact of the war in Ukraine. This is 
the economic context in which this Common Report, part of the second group review of the trade 
policies of CEMAC States Members of the WTO, has been prepared.  
2.5.  The CEMAC countries have applied an open -trade policy since the implementation of Structural 
Adjustment Progra mmes (SAPs) in the late 1980s.  
2.6.  This policy has been strengthened by their accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) 
and, to date, by a number of regional trade agreements, including the Treaty Establishing the 
Economic Community of Central African St ates and the AfCFTA Agreement.  
2.7.  Statistics from the Bank of Central African States (BEAC) show that the level of trade openness 
in the CEMAC zone rose significantly from 94.91% in 2015 to 120% in 2020.  
2.8.  The CEMAC countries are therefore open to international  trade. However, their openness is 
driven by raw material exports, chiefly oil, and massive imports of manufactured goods and 
foodstuffs. This structure exposes the Community to all sorts of exogenous shocks.  
2.9.  The CEMAC countries contribute to the effective  operation of the multilateral trading system by 
participating in the negotiation and implementation of WTO Agreements.  
2.10.  In regard to the negotiation of Agreements, the CEMAC  member countries have actively 
participated in negotiations since the Dillon Round. Our countries currently take part in negotiations 
within the framework of the African Group, of which Cameroon is the coordinator, the G -90, the ACP 
Group and the LDC Grou p. 
2.11.  Concerning the implementation of the Agreements, the CEMAC  member countries regularly 
notify their trade measures to the WTO and meet their trade policy review obligations, in accordance 
with the disciplines pertaining to the transparency and predictability of the multilateral trading 
system.  
2.12.  Moreover, CEMAC purs ues a policy of gradually lowering tariffs under its Common External 
Tariff (CET), with the average tariff rate at 18%.  
2.13.  The CEMAC member countries were also able to benefit from the Trade Facilitation Agreement 
concluded in Bali to facilitate intra -CEMAC t rade through the streamlining and harmonization of trade 
and customs procedures, as well as the sharing of information sources and the dissemination of 
information on the import and export of goods.  
2.14.  It should also be noted that Gabon was one of the first m ember countries to deposit with the 
WTO its instrument of acceptance of the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  2.15.  Regarding WTO reform, the CEMAC countries remain committed to an open rules -based 
multilateral trading system. They are calling for a return to th e bases of multilateralism, namely 
trade for development, not trade for increased market share.  
2.16.  The WTO's three core functions should be fundamentally reformed so that the Organization 
can respond to current challenges. This most notably involves the negot iation of agreements in 
several areas that are vital to developing countries, the administration of agreements and dispute 
settlement.  
2.17.  Turning to the common economic environment, economic activity improved in all CEMAC 
countries in 2021 and 2022. The macro economic outlook in 2023 is generally favourable. This is 
based on the continued buoyancy of activity in the non -oil sector.  
2.18.  In terms of achievements, recent developments and the outlook for trade and sectoral policy, 
considerable progress has been made.  
Imports  
2.19.  With a view to tackling the many non -tariff barriers that remain along the transport corridors 
linking the CEMAC member States, on 10  November  2022, the Council of Ministers of the Central 
African Economic Union (CAEU) adopted a regulation laying do wn the procedures for setting up 
"juxtaposed" customs offices at the borders of the CEMAC States.  
2.20.  The purpose of this regulation is to draw the attention of member States to their obligation to 
set up "juxtaposed" customs offices, in accordance with the pr ovisions of the revised CEMAC 
Customs Code. The aim of this text is to strengthen intra -CEMAC trade by promoting cooperation 
between the agencies present at borders and responsible for joint controls on the importation, 
exportation and transit of goods.  
2.21.  At the same time in 2022, the CAEU Council of Ministers also adopted a regulation on the 
creation, organization and operation of the CEMAC joint customs task force of member States 
operating along the inter -State corridors.  
The CEMAC Customs Code  
2.22.  The revised  CEMAC Customs Code was adopted by regulation in  April 2019. It is supplemented 
by implementing regulations. The main innovations of the new Code are grouped around the 
following three objectives: (i)  facilitating trade; (ii)  mobilizing revenue and combati ng fraud; and 
(iii) strengthening regional integration.  
The generalized preferential tariff  
2.23.  Since 1998, the date of entry into force of the CEMAC directive on the application of the 
zero-rate generalized preferential tariff (GPT) on products originating in  CEMAC, there has been free 
movement of goods within the Community. Around 960  products originating in CEMAC have been 
approved at the Community level and circulate freely within the CEMAC Common Market.  
Tax instruments  
2.24.  In terms of domestic taxation, a num ber of harmonized instruments have been adopted since 
the launch of CEMAC, including value added tax (VAT), applicable to locally produced and imported 
goods and services.  
2.25.  Owing to a revision introduced by directive in 2022, the VAT rate was reduced to 15% . A zero 
rate is applicable to exports, their accessories and international transport.  
2.26.  With regard to excise duties, a separate directive from that on VAT was adopted in 2019 on 
the harmonization of the laws of the member States relating to excise duties.  
2.27.  The revised directive focuses on three types of products subject to excise duty: tobacco, 
alcoholic beverages, and passenger vehicles.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  Production and trade  
2.28.  We can't talk about production and trade without mentioning a strategy for industrialization.  
2.29.  Regard ing the regional industrial strategy for Central Africa, the CEMAC and ECCAS 
Commissions have adopted a strategy and master plan for industrialization and economic 
diversification in the region (PDIDE -AC). 
2.30.  This strategy focuses on the industrial processing  of all our natural resources. It is based on 
an approach involving certain value chains and will be implemented in Special Economic Zones 
(SEZs), competitiveness hubs and clusters.  
2.31.  As part of its implementation, the CEMAC Commission has already begun depl oying value 
chains in the timber sector and mining and metallurgy sector.  
2.32.  Applying this strategy to these two value chains entails gradually banning the export of rough 
timber and mining sector commodities.  
In regard to the outlook for regional, continental and multilateral integration, it should 
be noted that:  
2.33.  At the regional level , the Central African region is engaged in a streamlining process that 
should lead to a merger between CEMAC and ECCAS. This process involves the harmonization and 
expansion of CEMAC's achievements in trade and sectoral policy instruments with and to other 
member States of ECCAS.  
2.34.  At the continental level , all CEMAC member States are party to the Agreement Establishing 
the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). To that end, they are committed to implementing 
appropriate reforms.  
2.35.  At the multilateral level , the CEMAC countries are original Members of the WTO, with the 
exception of Equatorial Guinea, which is in the process of acceding to the Organization. CEMAC has 
observer status within the Committee on Trade and Development. We are pleased to announce that 
Cameroon will host the Fourteenth Ministerial Conference.  
Competition  
2.36.  CEMAC has Community regulations that were revised in 2019 and a Community -wide 
operational co mpetition authority that rules on anti -competitive practices and controls 
concentrations and mergers, state aid and monopolies.  
Investments  
2.37.  The Community Investment Charter, adopted in 1999, is being updated in line with the specific 
needs of the member St ates of the subregion.  
2.38.  The CEMAC member States are signatories to the Treaty Establishing the Organization for the 
Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) and apply the  relevant Uniform Acts. Those that 
are WTO Members have joined the principal int ernational investment guarantee institutions.  
2.39.  As a result, progress has been made in recent years towards trade integration within CEMAC.  
2.40.  The most significant improvements concern:  
• Community rules of origin, with the definition and implementation of a new mechanism for 
evaluating origin and an oversight body;  
• competition, with the definition and operationalization of a regional institutional mechanism 
to combat anti -competitive practices; and  
• port taxation, with the adoption of t he customs tariff in December  2021 in line with the 2017 
version of the Harmonized System (HS).  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  2.41.  Significant progress has also been made in the area of domestic taxation, with the revision of 
the Directives on VAT and excise duty, and the harmonization of t he Statistical and Fiscal Declaration 
(DSF) with the OHADA accounting law. Other progress includes the adoption of a Central African 
quality action plan and a new transit procedure, and the gradual implementation of the common 
market in services.  
2.42.  There has  also been a consolidation of the gains made in terms of the movement of capital, 
with the implementation of modules to modernize payment systems, the gradual introduction of 
electronic payments by approved banks, new exchange regulations, and significant progress in terms 
of the free movement of persons, which has been in effect since 2017.  
2.43.  Significant progress has also been made in implementing the Regional Economic 
Programme  (PER), with the launch of the Centres of Excellence programme to strengthen trai ning 
in CEMAC, and the securing of the remaining funding for 8 of the 11 priority infrastructure projects, 
following the success of a donors' round table held in Paris in November  2022.  
2.44.  The second cycle of this CEMAC  2023-28 programme on priority integrate d projects comprises 
13 projects relating to transport, electricity and telecommunications infrastructure.  
2.45.  As part of its financing strategy, and building on its previous success, CEMAC plans to organize 
a donors' round table in Paris in November  2023.  
2.46.  Chair, Ministers, here ends the short statement that we wanted to share with you. Thank you.  
  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  
3.1.  It is a great privilege to act as discussant for these five countries regrouped under the Customs 
Union of CEMAC. The five countries are  original Members of the WTO and we hope that the 
sixth member of CEMAC, Equatorial  Guinea which is in the process of acceding to the Organization, 
will also soon become a Member and participate in the future joint Review.  
3.2.  CEMAC, as an organi zation, has observer status within the Committee on Trade and 
Development. It is a matter of pride that are one of its member States, Cameroon, has been selected 
by the General Council to host the Fourteenth WTO Ministerial Conference. Cameroon is also the 
coordinator of the African Group at the WTO We congratulate Cameroon for this and look forward to 
visiting Yaoundé and the beautiful villages of Cameroon.  
3.3.  CEMAC  consists of a heterogenous group of countries both with respect to their levels of 
development and their economic stature. Two of the countries are listed as Least Developed 
Countries and they are also landlocked, namely Chad and the Central  African  Repub lic. The other 
four countries belong to the middle -income group, namely Cameroon, Gabon, Congo , and 
Equatorial  Guinea. All CEMAC countries are rich in natural resources, including oil, gas, timber , and 
minerals. With the exception of Cameroon and the Centr a African  Republic, the CEMAC economies 
are highly dependent on the oil sector.  
3.4.  CEMAC has a market size of 60.6  million spread across 3  million km2. Some 45% of the 
population of CEMAC is based in Cameroon which also accounts for 42.9% of the GDP of the 
community.  
3.5.  For 2023, the Bank of Central African States forecasts a real GDP growth of 2.7%, for the 
region an acceleration of inflationary pressures and a likely deterioration of public finances. Annual 
average inflation across the region rose to 6.4% in r ecent years.  
3.6.  Four CEMAC countries have entered into a fresh programme with the IMF to deal with the 
adverse impact of the Pandemic and the Russian -Ukraine conflict.  
3.7.  We recall that CEMAC countries are bound by the Central African Monetary Union (CAMU) whic h 
means they have a common currency and monetary policy. Economic and financial reforms by the 
countries, the introduction of stronger banking regulations by the Bank of Central African States 
(BCAS), and improvements in global commodity prices have contri buted to replenish exchange 
reserves to about 4.68  months of imports of goods and services. This is likely to grow even further. 
The new foreign exchange regulations have also played their part. Moreover, a post -COVID rise in 
oil prices and in non -oil reve nues has contributed to budget surplus.  
3.8.  Despite a marked improvement in the trade balance arising from better terms of trade, the 
external current account has deteriorated due to imbalances in the services and income accounts. 
The trade surpluses were larg ely led by the good performance of Congo, Equatorial  Guinea , and 
Gabon.  
3.9.  Since 1999, when CEMAC became fully operational, goods with community origin are expected 
to be freely traded among its members, but intra -CEMAC trade has not grown significantly. It would 
be interesting to know the reasons why intra -CEMAC trade remains marginal.  
3.10.  Moreover, all CEMAC countries being members of the Economic Community of Central African 
States (ECCAS), rationali zation between CEMAC and ECCAS was envisaged with the view t o creating 
a single community. An update on the progress made so far would be greatly appreciated.  
3.11.  The CEMAC countries are expected to apply a common external tariff (CET) to imports from 
third countries. The CET is based on the 2022 version of the Harmoni zed System. However, the 
uniform application of the CET across the region has been impeded by specific exceptions unilaterally 
decided at national levels, and by individual derogations granted to imports from third countries by 
the CEMAC member States. The  non-uniform application of the CET causes shortfalls in customs 
revenue and weakens the expected impact of the CEMAC treaty, including lowering the expected 
level of integration.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  3.12.  We note that following the adoption of the CET, some countries have been app lying tariff rates 
that exceed their bound tariffs. Some of the CEMAC countries have since then, through 
re-negotiation reduced the number of rates applied in excess of the bound rate. It would be 
interesting to hear from countries what effort are being ma de and any difficulties they face in aligning 
their tariff application with bound tariffs.  
3.13.  CEMAC countries have not harmonized non -tariff barriers that remain in all sectors, including 
transport services where the revised CEMAC Customs Code calls for the c reation of multiple 
"juxtaposed" customs offices at the borders of member States to promote cooperation and enhance 
intra-CEMAC trade.  
3.14.  In fact, the revised CEMAC Customs Code which incorporates the provisions of the 
WTO Agreement on Customs Valuation, prom otes a more pragmatic and ambitious approach aimed 
at helping the customs administrations of member States meet the challenges of the next decade, 
including full computerization of trade procedures (mainly the use of electronic declaration). The 
revised Code also aims to improve intellectual property rights in international trade by strengthening 
fights against pirated or counterfeit goods. Countries may wish to share whether there has been 
significant advancements in combating counterfeit foreign  goods.  
3.15.  The CEMAC Customs Code grants member States the right to establish industrial or 
commercial free zones. However, the practice of free zone is country specific.  
3.16.  Article  5 of the Customs Code stipulates that goods entering the CEMAC Customs territory  are 
subject to import duties listed in the customs tariff. In line with the principle of a customs union, the 
duties are payable once on products released for consumption. However, in the absence of an 
appropriate mechanism, third -country goods are likely  to be imposed whenever they cross internal 
borders within the Community. It would be good to learn whether this issue is being discussed and 
what future solutions could be.  
3.17.  It is to be noted that CEMAC has also put in place a framework of harmoni zed legis lation on 
direct taxation for the purposes of limiting distortion that may affect the locali zation of activities and 
labour between member countries or affect activities in the regional integration area.  
3.18.  CEMAC countries have also harmoni zed their Value Ad ded Tax (VAT) regimes on locally 
produced or imported goods and services. However, each country is free to choose its standard rate 
of VAT from an initial range of between 15 %-19 % (2021). The VAT directives establish a list of 
goods and services eligible for exemption and prohibit any exemption measures not on the list. It 
allows countries to introduce a reduced rate of VAT between 5 %-10% on a limited list of essential 
products. This means that while the VAT regimes have been harmonized, the rates applied by the 
member States are country specific but remain within the set boundaries.  
3.19.  Whilst no CEMAC country is deemed to provide subsidies except for Equatorial  Guinea which 
gives subsidies to support cocoa producers, there are nonetheless various forms of sup port granted 
including to exporting companies based in Special Economic Zones.  
3.20.  CEMAC countries like Cameroon and Congo maintain export surtaxes or taxes aimed at 
encouraging investment in primary and secondary wood processing for export.  
3.21.  Only Gabon has to date adopted strict measures to ban the export of rough wood. This has 
boosted the processing of the primary wood sector and has led to local value added and job creation. 
It is noteworthy that the CEMAC Commission has made the sustainable industriali zation of the timber 
sector in the Congo Basin its utmost priority to boost diversification and promote integration into 
the global economy. A phased ban on exports of rough tropical timber, decided by the Council of 
Ministers of the Central African Economic Un ion with entry into effect from January  2024, is expected 
to help.  
3.22.  The Report by the CEMAC countries indicate that the culture of standardi zation and quality is 
not yet sufficiently grounded in the subregion which has limited capacity in phytosanitary matt ers 
and food safety. There are several deficiencies in phytosanitary control for both imports and exports 
due to a lack of inspectors to ensure quality control. Laboratory infrastructure also remains 
underdeveloped in the countries except Cameroon. Informa tion on the progress made so far with WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  respect to the harmoni zation of sanitary and phytosanitary regulations within CEMAC would be 
welcomed.  
3.23.  Four of the six CEMAC countries have set up national accreditation committees so far. 
Cameroon and Gabon have also made more progress on the development of standards and 
metrology infrastructure. Inadequacy of domestic expertise on SPS must be remedied as it 
undermines the countries' competitiveness amongst other things.  
3.24.  CEMAC has launched the Centres of Excellence whi ch will no doubt contribute to advance 
training and skills. Nevertheless, it seems to me that the Aid for Trade Programme which lists Food 
Security as a priority could be usefully applied in such a situation.  
3.25.  It is also important that standards and technic al regulations put in place within CEMAC are 
notified to the WTO.  
3.26.  It is noted that all CEMAC countries have national investment chapters and sectoral 
investment codes aligned to the CEMAC Investment Charter and that the directive of the Council of 
Minister s adopted in 2021, harmoni zes the conditions for doing business in CEMAC. The provisions 
of this decision must now be incorporated into national legal systems to ensure compliance. It would 
be useful to unders core whether foreign and direct investments are  treated at par.  
3.27.  Recently, standards and policy harmoni zation measures have been adopted in specific service 
sectors particularly those with growth potential such as trade, education, finance and insurance, 
investment and the liberal professions. The objective is to try and establish a common market for 
service s in CEMAC. This is understood as harmoni zation in respect of movement of investments and 
persons but the CEMAC countries may wish to elaborate further on this and indicate plans for a 
general harmoni zation of services trade in future. A Directive in Decem ber 2021 enables freedom of 
establishment of service providers and the free movement of services and will further buttress the 
services sector which has been making a positive contribution to regional economic growth.  
3.28.  It is noteworthy that four countries n amely Equatorial  Guinea, Cameroon, Gabon , and the 
Central  African  Republic all have e -commerce legislation, and this is being now adopted in Congo. 
Consumer protection laws are also at various stages of drafting and implementation in the region as 
are nati onal competition laws. Furthermore, capacity needs to be strengthened to allow for effective 
application of Community regulations and the A fCFTA Protocol on Competition.  
3.29.  Capacity will also need to be strengthened to simplify and facilitate the transit of g oods. In 
this context, the CEMAC Council of Ministers has adopted a set of directives that set out the terms 
and conditions for the publication of import, export, transit and appeal procedures on the websites 
of customs administrations of member States by 31 December  2023. Once done, there is no doubt 
that this will help all users to better understand the process and this will in turn facilitate 
inter-community and international trade. We are encouraged by recent improvements in, inter alia, 
the Community R ules of Origin; in the areas of domestic taxation. However, the persistence of double 
taxation, the lack of uniformity in the application of CET and the difficulty in applying transaction 
values still have to be overcome.  
3.30.  We are confident about the 2023 -2028 CEMAC programme of priority integrated projects 
relating to all key components of a successful economy, including transport, electricity and 
telecommunications infrastructure. CEMAC has, already under the first phase of its programme, 
secured financing for 8 out of 11 priority infrastructure projects. It would be important to keep the 
international community updated on the advancement of these projects so that they remain 
motivated in their support. We wish CEMAC a successful round table of Donors schedu led to be held 
in Paris in November  2023.  
3.31.  Whilst all these initiatives point to the potential of a transformation in the region, we note that 
the economic situation in the region has been negatively affected by the COVID -19 pandemic crisis. 
This is accentu ated by the continued need for security measures in the Lake Chad Basin and the 
Central  African  Republic and the North -West and Southwest regions of Cameroon. This entails not 
only an increase in spending on security but also a flow of refugees and displac ed persons.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  3.32.  Like other parts of the world, the region faces imported food inflation with higher prices for 
cereals, oilseeds and sea freight. This situation has been further dampened by the rising prices of 
raw materials and agricultural inputs, including fertili zers, energy and building materials. It is sad to 
note that inflation was mainly due to climatic shocks on the domestic front, affecting domestic food 
supply whilst the scarcity of fertili zers and their high cost impacted negatively on the  crop yields in 
the subregion. CEMAC has established a multilateral surveillance mechanism to support the 
subregion's economic and monetary policy and diagnose in greater detail the economic and financial 
development of the community. A number of macroecon omic variables are assessed at least twice 
a year to determine the rate of economic convergence in the community.  
3.33.  As regards sectoral policies, we note:  
(i) The challenges to the Cotton Industry despite some " éclaircies " such as the investment 
of OLAM internat ional in Cottonchad which led to a sharp rise in production and 
partnership with GEOCOTON aiming at re -integrating production into the global cotton 
fibre market.  
(ii) A Common Sugar Market Organization has been established to amongst other things, 
achieve self -sufficiency in the region. Its operation faces various challenges on which 
CEMAC countries could elaborate for the benefit of the WTO membership.  
(iii) With the exception of Chad, all the CEMAC countries have substantial forest resources 
and export wood product s. The Central African Forest Commission is working towards a 
convergence plan for priority measures to be taken with a view to harmoni zing national 
forestry and fiscal policies. An update on the implementation of the plan would be 
welcome.  
(iv) Chad, Cameroon , and the Central  African  Republic account for 95% of total herd 
numbers.  
(v) It is worth noting that despite the presence of Boko  Haram in Cameroon's far north, 
damaging the livestock sector, the projects and programmes launched by the 
Government of Cameroon h ave resulted in an average annual increase of 8% in cattle 
numbers over the period under review. Livestock farming is one of the pillars 
underpinning the community's efforts to accelerate economic growth.  
(vi) Potential annual fish production is estimated at 800,000  tonnes. However, the region 
continues to import fish with Cameroon accounting for almost 70% of fish imports in the 
region.  
(vii) Efforts are however underway to improve fisheries production and increase agriculture to 
contribute to nutritio nal food security and reduce poverty. It is noted that the fisheries 
and agriculture subsectors play a very important socio -economic role in the economies 
of the CEMAC countries through job creation, fight against poverty and food insecurity. 
In fact, agri culture and Livestock have helped to mitigate the recession recorded in 2021.  
(viii)  Lack of investment in the development and drilling of oil wells has contributed to the 
absence of growth in the oil sector and production has fallen whilst gas production has 
risen. 
(ix) Finally, the manufacturing grew by 3.8% in 2021.  
3.34.  I would have really liked to pay tribute to your countries individually because in reading the 
reports, I could not be indifferent to the individual challenges faced by your people and your 
governments. It is easy to make recommendations, but implementing them is an entirely different 
matter. However, it is undeniable that we all have sacrifices and contributions to make to ensure 
better regional and multilateral integration. I wish all CEMAC countries mu ch progress and every 
success.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  3.35.  Before concluding, I would like to commend the ambassadors of your countries who are 
actively engaged in the work of the WTO:  
(i) H.E. Ms Mireille Sarah Nzenze of Gabon;  
(ii) H.E. Mr Salomon Eheth of Cameroon, who is also the  coordinator of the WTO African 
Group;  
(iii) H.E. Mr Aimé Clovis Guillond of Congo; and  
(iv) H.E. Dr Jean Pierre Baptiste of Chad who recently took office, replacing our colleague 
Ambassador Ahmad Makaila.  
3.36.  I very much appreciate the work of my fellow ambassadors and we are proud to have them 
by our side.  
  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  
ARGENTINA  
4.1.  We would like to join other Members in welcoming the delegations of CEMAC countries that are 
WTO Members, and take this opportunity to wish them every success in this exercise.  
4.2.  At the same time, we would like to express our sincere appreciation for the reports 
prepared  by CEMAC countries and the Secretariat, as well as for the valuable comments provided 
by H.E. Ambassador Dwarka -Canabady of Mauritius. These elements hav e provided the information 
needed to broaden our understanding of CEMAC's policies, trade practices and economic 
environment.  
4.3.  Trade between Argentina and CEMAC countries is mostly concentrated in agricultural goods; 
expressed in US dollars, the trade is mo dest and characterized by sharp fluctuations. In 2022, there 
was a considerable growth in trade between Argentina and CEMAC owing to the increase of exports 
to Cameroon and the Congo. In that year, Argentina exported almost USD  210 million worth of 
goods, amounting to a threefold increase in export value compared to 2021. Argentine imports of 
goods from CEMAC countries amounted to almost USD  56 million in 2021 and around USD  29 million 
in 2022.  
4.4.  We strongly believe that, through the joint efforts of all part ies, more favourable results could 
be achieved, given that trade is considerably below its potential. We note that there are opportunities 
for expansion in terms of both the volume and diversification of bilateral trade.  
4.5.  Argentina is aware of the macroecon omic and social challenges facing CEMAC that are detailed 
in the Secretariat's report, including diversification of the economy and food insecurity. We are 
convinced that, through the implementation of appropriate policies, CEMAC countries will be able to 
confront these challenges and move towards a more prosperous future.  
4.6.  In the context of food insecurity, we would like to extend an invitation to CEMAC  countries and 
Members to strengthen their commitment to the agricultural market access negotiations currently 
taking place at the WTO. Our objective is clear: to ensure that the multilateral trading system 
facilitates broader and more affordable access to  higher quality food for the public. We are firmly 
convinced that, through greater market access, the Members of this Organization, including CEMAC 
countries, will be in a position to successfully address the pressing challenge of food insecurity.  
4.7.  In addit ion, we would like to highlight that Argentina is a provider of international cooperation 
in agriculture, focusing on capacity -building initiatives that can contribute effectively to addressing 
the issue of food insecurity. This commitment consists of tran sforming and modernizing food systems 
in a sustainable and efficient manner. Argentina reaffirms its commitment to continue exploring 
possibilities for technical cooperation with WTO Members interested in seeking assistance on issues 
related to the sustain able increase of agricultural production and productivity through diplomatic 
channels and bilateral agreements established for that purpose.  
4.8.  We value the contributions of CEMAC countries to WTO activities and bodies and we are 
optimistic that their partici pation will continue to increase. In particular, we wish to highlight the role 
of CEMAC countries, as members of the African Group, in submitting proposals under the WTO reform 
process.  
4.9.  Furthermore, we reiterate our intention to collaborate with CEMAC coun tries and WTO Members 
in the reform process. We hope to strengthen the capacities of this Organization to address present 
and future challenges in international trade, creating a fairer multilateral trading system able to 
meet the needs of least developed and developing countries.  
4.10.  We would also like to underline Argentina's commitment to continue expanding its ties with 
CEMAC; we consider South -South cooperation to be an important pillar in strengthening these ties, 
based on the principles of equality, soli darity and complementarity.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  4.11.  Lastly, in the context of this Trade Policy Review, we have submitted a number of questions 
to CEMAC countries. We give our thanks in advance for the replies provided, which will be duly 
considered by our colleagues in Buenos  Aires. 
4.12.  In addition to reiterating our appreciation of this renewed opportunity to exchange reflections 
on the trade practices of CEMAC countries, we would like to draw attention once again to the 
importance of all aspects of this exercise in transparency. We  wish the authorities of CEMAC 
countries a successful conclusion to this review.  
CANADA  
4.13.  Canada joins other WTO Members in welcoming the distinguished delegations of Cameroon, 
Chad, Congo, Gabon, and the Central  African  Republic . We are pleased to participa te in this Trade 
Policy Review (TPR) of CEMAC. We also thank the Secretariat and the discussant H.E. Ambassador 
Usha Dwarka -Canabady of Mauritius for their preparations for this session.  
4.14.  First of all, I would like to highlight the recent progress made by C EMAC; its economic recovery 
strengthened in 2022 and its external position improved.  
4.15.  Canada was delighted to see that at the 15th Ordinary Summit of the Conference of CEMAC 
Heads of State, held on 17  March  2023 in Yaoundé, Cameroon, member countries had pr oposed 
economic reforms aimed at accelerating regional integration, promoting economic growth and 
combating poverty.  
4.16.  We note, however, that the recovery of economic activities in CEMAC countries remains 
threatened by numerous shocks, including the impact o f climate change, conflicts and the disruption 
of supply chains. In that connection, Canada encourages the implementation of robust reforms to 
improve economic fundamentals and strengthen CEMAC's macroeconomic resilience.  
4.17.  Trade between Canada and the CEMAC  countries is very modest, notably owing to an 
unfavourable business environment, inadequate infrastructure, difficult market access, and 
numerous tariff and non -tariff barriers. We are also concerned about the protection of foreign 
investment in some CEMA C countries, particularly in the Central  African  Republic , where the mining 
permits of the Canadian company AXMIN were cancelled without justification by the Central African 
Government and reassigned to Midas Resources, which has ties to Russian interests.  
4.18.  To help to strengthen our trade relations, Canada hopes that CEMAC will implement trade 
facilitation measures to boost intra -regional and international trade, while reducing inefficiencies 
that harm businesses. It will also be important for CEMAC countries to look into foreign exchange 
regulations in the zone. The implementation of the new foreign exchange regulations, adopted 
in 2018 but strictly enforced since 1  January  2022, has had a significant impact on money transfers 
and payments outside the economic zone.  
4.19.  Moreover, Canada hopes that CEMAC will continue its efforts to combat corruption and 
promote peace and stability in t he region, with the aim of promoting economic growth and trade 
integration.  
4.20.  Canada congratulates the CEMAC member States participating in the numerous discussions 
at the WTO, including those on trade in goods, agriculture, trade in services and trade -related 
technical assistance. It is essential for Members to hear the widest possible range of views and the 
engagement of CEMAC countries is therefore vital.  
4.21.  Canada reiterates the importance of transparency and encourages Members to take 
advantage of the suppo rt available to submit their notifications in a timely manner.  
4.22.  In conclusion, we commend CEMAC for its commitment to the peace and harmonious 
development of its member States. We have submitted questions to several of the five CEMAC 
countries that are also  WTO Members. We look forward to your responses, which we will review 
carefully.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  4.23.  We look forward to continuing to work with CEMAC countries to strengthen the WTO and the 
multilateral trading system, and we wish the delegations of Cameroon, the Central  African Republic , 
Chad, Congo, and Gabon a productive Trade Policy Review.  
CHINA  
4.24.  First of all, I would like to extend my warm welcome to the delegation of the 
CEMAC -WTO Members led by H.E. Minister  N'Silou and my appreciation to the Governments of the 
CEMAC -WTO Members and the Secretariat for the preparation for this review. I would also like to 
express my gratitude to the discussant, H.E. Ambassador Usha  Dwarka -Canabady  for your insightful 
comments.  
4.25.  China commends the economic achieve ment accomplished by the CEMAC -WTO Members 
since the first Trade Policy Review in 2013. Tremendous efforts were made to enhance regional 
integration, strengthen cooperation with international partners, and implement the Economic and 
Financial Reform Progra m. 
4.26.  As stressed in the Reports of CEMAC -WTO Members and Secretariat, the 
CEMA C-WTO Members faced economic losses from 2013 to 2016 due to the impact of falling oil 
prices, and also affected by the COVID -19 pandemic and the inflation pressures. We are impres sed 
by the measures taken by the CEMAC -WTO Members to stabilize the region 's economic situation. 
With the recovery in oil prices and the increase in non -oil revenues. We are expecting an economic 
rebound for the CEMAC -WTO Members in the near future.  
4.27.  China sincerely appreciates these Members ' active participation in the WTO. During MC12, 
CEMAC -WTO Members made efforts and contributions towards the achievement of the outcome 
document, for which we express our gratitude. We were particularly pleased to hear th at, in July, 
Gabon deposited its instrument of acceptance for the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, becoming 
the third African country to do so. Cameroon, as the coordinator of the African  Group, has 
demonstrated outstanding active engagement in various di scussions and initiatives, including 
institutional reforms, dispute settlement reform, e -commerce, and trade -related environmental 
measures. During these years, Chad played an important role in LDCs and the Cotton -4, making 
remarkable contributions to many  trade topics.  
4.28.  Moreover, we are glad to see that most of the CEMAC -WTO Members are active participants 
in the JSI  on Investment Facilitation for Development. As the text negotiations were concluded on 
6 July, we encourage the CEMAC -WTO Members to co -sponsor this initiative towards a tangible 
outcome at MC13.  
4.29.  The Sixth South -South Dialogues on LDCs and Development is  upcoming on 
28 and 29 September. China will continue to strengthen cooperation with CEMAC -WTO Members to 
support WTO and multilateralism.  
4.30.  Since the last Review, China and CEMAC -WTO Members have continued to strengthen 
economic and trade relations. Over th e past two years, the total trade volume between China and 
Congo has maintained a steady increase of over 20%. Both Cameroon and Gabon have remarkable 
cooperation with China in infrastructure, education, healthcare , and other areas. China is Chad's 
largest  trading partner, with bilateral trade registering an increase of 144% in 2022. China supports 
the economic development of the Central  African  Republic  through various means, including building 
photovoltaic power generation projects and providing emergency  food assistance.  
4.31.  In the future, China would like to continue sharing development opportunities with 
CEMAC -WTO Members. As in June this year, all CEMAC -WTO Members sent delegations to participate 
in the 3th China -Africa Economic and Trade Expo in Changsha,  China . We warmly welcome further 
active participation from CEMAC -WTO Members in the 6th China International Import Expo this 
November in Shanghai and the 134th China Import and Export Fair in Guangzhou. We believe their 
participation will make more Chines e people get to know them and provide opportunities for 
CEMAC -WTO Members to tap into China's vast market for their economic and trade development.  
4.32.  For this review, China has submitted written questions. We appreciate the repl ies from the 
CEMAC -WTO Members and we will study them carefully.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  4.33.  To conclude, I wish this review a complete success.  
JAPAN  
4.34.  Japan warmly welcomes the Ministers and delegates from across the five CEMAC countries to 
Geneva for today 's TPR.  
4.35.  We are grateful for the WTO  Secretariat and  the CEMAC countries in preparing the 
comprehensive Reports for today 's Review, and  I also thank the Ambassador of Mauritius, 
H.E. Mrs Usha D warka -Canabady , for her role as the discussant.  
4.36.  First of all, we would like to commend the fact that according to t he Secretariat 's Report, even 
though the consequences of COVID -19 and the war in Ukraine have played a role in slowing CEMAC 
countries ' economic activities and fuelling  inflation, CEMAC 's trade balance has remained in surplus. 
Due to the COVID -19 pandemic,  which aggravated the global economy, we acknowledge that the 
countries of the Central  African region have been confronted with a slew of challenges. Against this 
backdrop, the Conference of Heads of States was held in March with a view to promoting econom ic 
recovery. Japan highly appreciates such initiatives undertaken by CEMAC countries.  
4.37.  Taking this opportunity, we would like to highlight a few specific points.  
4.38.  First, on the multilateral trading system, all of the CEMAC countries, except Equatorial  Guinea  
which is currently in the process of accession to the WTO, have been Members  of the WTO since its 
establishment, and we are grateful for their contributions to maintaining and strengthening the 
multilateral trading system.  In particular, we appreciate the various contributions made by 
Cameroon as a coordinator of the African Group, as well as the hard work carried out by Chad as an 
LDC coordinator in 2021.  
4.39.  Furthermore, we appreciate the valuable participation of CEMAC countr ies in the Fisheries 
Subsidies negotiations, and we commend Gabon for having ratified the Agreement in July of this 
year. Japan would like to encourage CEMAC countries to complete the ratification of this Agreement 
in due course.  
4.40.  As transparency is a core principle in the WTO, we would also expect CEMAC countries to 
submit notification of their trade policies and practices to the WTO.  
4.41.  Cameroon is expected to host the 14th Ministerial Conference. Japan appreciates Cameroon 's 
initiative to take a lead in this Organization and believes that Cameroon will be successful in fulfilling 
this role.  
4.42.  Second, we would like to touch upon developments of CEMAC countries, as Japan is committed 
to connectivity and quality infrastructure in vestment for African countries, including in the process 
of the Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD) and is working to assist 
improvement of logistics through infrastructure development.  
4.43.  Japan recognizes that Cameroon plays an imp ortant role in promoting the economic 
development of CEMAC countries. We welcome the adoption of the National Development Strategy 
2020-2030, which is the second phase of the "Vision  2035". 
4.44.  As for the Central  African  Republic , Japan welcomes the promotion of Disarmament, 
Demobilization, Reintegration and Repatriation  (DDRR), such as the dismantlement of armed groups. 
It is expected that the Central  African  Republic  will establish an economic structure that will optimize 
its economic potentiality.  
4.45.  Japan supports Congo in ensuring food security, and we would like to continue to cooperate 
with a view to solving development -related challenges. Moreover, Congo has taken part in the 
African leaders ' initiative for peace in Ukraine and in the same spirit, Japan  is keen to work with 
Congo for the peace and security of the Central African region and global society.  
4.46.  Japan notes that Chad is experiencing difficulties in some areas, including suffering a number 
of natural disasters in recent years. Taking into accoun t the situation, Japan has provided Chad with WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  humanitarian assistance such as food aid. We hope that Chad will work towards economic 
diversification based on its National Development Plan with support from the international 
community.  
4.47.  To conclude, we would  like to thank CEMAC again for its contribution to the multilateral trading 
system and the WTO. I also thank my colleagues in Geneva, H .E. Mr Salomon  Eheth, 
H.E. Mr Aimé Clovis G uillond , and H .E. Dr Jean-Pierre  Baptiste  for their cooperation and friendship .  
4.48.  We wish CEMAC a successful and productive Trade Policy Review.  
SINGAPORE  
4.49.  Let me begin by extending a very warm welcome to the delegation from the Central African 
Economic and Monetary Community -WTO Members, led by Minister Alphonse  Claude  N'Silou, 
Minister of State and Minister of Commerce, Supply and Consumption of Congo and spokesperson 
for the Ministries of Commerce of CEMAC. We would also like to express our appreciation to the 
Chair Ambassador Saqer  Almoqbel ( Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia), and the discussant Ambassador 
Usha Dwarka -Canabady (Mauritius), as well as the Secretariat for their insightful Reports and 
statements. Allow me to make three points.  
4.50.  First, Singapore and CEMAC -WTO Members enjoy healthy and growing economic relations. 
Despite bei ng on different continents, numerous Singapore companies are operating in CEMAC, in a 
wide range of sectors ranging from agri -food to ports and logistics. In 2022,  trade in goods between 
Singapore and CEMAC -WTO Members amounted to US D 384 million and in 20 21, our trade in 
services grew year -on-year by 74.3% rising to a total value of US D 270 million. Last month, 
Singapore hosted the 7th Africa -Singapore Business Forum (ASBF) with the theme "Driving Africa 's 
Growth through Digitalisation, Manufacturing and S ustainability ". There was strong interest among 
businesses and Governments to strengthen the partnership between Africa and ASEAN. It is 
heartening that the interests span the spectrum from traditional sectors like manufacturing to 
emerging sectors such as  fintech. Other areas of collaboration include digitali zation, sustainability 
and the green economy. Singapore welcomes African companies to leverage on our established 
business ecosystem and connectivity to set up their regional base in Singapore and expand into Asia.  
4.51.  In addition to growing economic and trade ties, Singapore and CEMAC -WTO Members have 
broadened our collaboration to include technical assistance and sharing of experiences. In 2022, 
Singapore Prime  Minister Lee  Hsien  Loong announced the S ingapore -Africa Partnership Package 
established under the Singapore Cooperation Programme which offers capacity building for African 
officials, in areas such as public administration and governance, climate change and sustainability, 
digitali zation and sma rt cities and trade negotiations. Since 1992, 297  officials from 
CEMAC -WTO Members have participated in a wide range of programmes and courses, which will lay 
a stronger foundation for deeper engagement.  
4.52.  Second, we encourage CEMAC -WTO Members to redouble efforts to improve their business 
climate, including by reducing both tariff and non -tariff barriers.  As noted in the Secretariat Report, 
CEMAC applies a collective Common External Tariff (CET), which is higher than the individual 
WTO tariff bindings of so me CEMAC -WTO Members. Rationali zing the tariff policy and reducing the 
level of tariffs will expand trade, and allow CEMAC -WTO Members to accelerate regional integration, 
including through the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which, in turn, w ould generate 
greater trade and investment opportunities.   
4.53.  Third, we welcome CEMAC -WTO Members ' continued commitment and contribution to the 
rules-based multilateral trading system. It is noteworthy that five CEMAC countries are founding 
Members of the WTO  with the sixth, Equatorial  Guinea, in the process of acceding. We commend the 
participation of CEMAC -WTO Members in the different Joint Statement Initiatives (JSI), including 
E-commerce and Investment Facilitation for Development. Naturally we encourage m ore 
CEMAC -WTO Members to participate in the various JSIs. As one of the three co -convenors, Singapore 
strongly urges CEMAC -WTO Members to join the JSI on E -Commerce in order to ensure that their 
MSMEs and women entrepreneurs are able to optimi ze the rapid expansion of digital trade.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
- 17 - 
 
  4.54.  Finally, we want to recogni ze the active role of Cameroon and Ambassador Salomon  Eheth in 
the Africa n Group and look forward to Cameroon hosting the 14th Ministerial Conference, which 
underlines Cameroon 's commitmen t to the WTO.  
4.55.  My delegation looks forward to continue working closely with the CEMAC delegations in 
Geneva, and wish them every success for its second Joint TPR.  
UNITED  KINGDOM  
4.56.  I would like to warmly welcome CEMAC 's delegation and  congratulate them on the ir 
second  Trade Policy Review as an economic community. I would also like to thank you, Chair, the 
Secretariat, and our distinguished discussant,  Ambassador Dwarka -Canabady from Mauritius, for 
facilitating this review.  
4.57.  On the upcoming 30th anniversary of CEMAC 's foundation, the principles of transparency and 
collegiality upon which CEMAC was founded are no less vital than they were in 1994 to promoting 
prosperity within the region.  
4.58.  Their commitment to these principles is not only denoted by the increasing  integration of 
CEMAC 's members into their own economic community, but by the transparency and collegiality 
which has accompanied their members ' commendable engagement within the WTO.  
4.59.  We welcome, for instance, the high level of participation which Chad, C ongo, Gabon, and the 
Central  African  Republic  have shown within the Joint Initiative on Investment Facilitation for 
Development. Continued collaboration can ensure that the Agreement is a success following the 
recent conclusion of text -based negotiations. I encourage these countries to also consider joining 
the E-commerce and domestic regulation plurilaterals to further their positive contributions to the 
WTO.  
4.60.  The UK was also appreciative of Chad 's recent coordination of the L DC Group, a group which 
the UK is proud to support through its Trade and Investment Advocacy Fund. The UK similarly 
appreciated Cameroon 's coordination of the Africa n Group, who the UK are proud to support. During 
Cameroon 's time as coordinator, we have seen the group shaping some of th e key debates in the 
run up to MC13.  
4.61.  Given the positive impact which their fellow CEMAC members have had within the WTO I hope 
that Equatorial  Guinea will join their co -members within the WTO, particularly given the benefits the 
UK believes that accession would bring to Equatorial  Guinea 's communities and businesses.  
4.62.  I would like to commend CEMAC 's commitment to the African Continental Free Trade Area. As 
the African  Union 's most ambitious regional economic integration initiative, AfCFTA has the potential 
to be a game -changer for Africa 's inclusive economic growth, driving industriali zation, generating 
jobs, and delivering prosperity across the continent . As the first non -African country to sign an MoU 
with the AfCFTA secretariat in September  2021, the UK is  glad to see CEMAC 's national level 
implementation priorities regarding AfCFTA, and their clear commitment to making further progress 
in the future.  
4.63.  I would now like to turn to our recent engagement with Cameroon on a bilateral basis. 
On 13 June the UK had the pleasure of hosting a Cameroon delegation in London for our first 
Economic Partnership Agreement Committee since the EPA was ratified in June  2021.  The 
UK-Cameroon EPA underpins our strong trading relationship providing duty -free quota -free access 
to UK markets on everything but arms.  
4.64.  The inaugural Committee meeting was a warm and positive occasion and marks a significant 
milestone in our trading relationship following impressive growth in our bilateral trade - up by 158% 
to nearly GBP 1 billion in the last year. The UK was pleased to hear that Cameroon has fully 
implemented tariff liberali zation commitments in accordance with the timeline set out in the 
Agreement, and we look forward to continuing our close and constructive working relationship to 
ensure that the full potential of the EPA is maximi zed for both parties.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  4.65.  Returning to the subject of multilateral trade, the UK was pleased to welcome Cameroon 's 
representative,  Mr Cyrille  Bourne, and Gabon 's representative, Mrs  Aichatou  Sanni  Aoudou , at a 
productive and convivial Commonwealth Trade Ministers Summit held in London on 5 June. 
The Summit provided an opportunity for all members to reaffirm their commitment to a transparent 
and inclusive rules -based multilateral trading system, with the W TO at its core, and discuss the 
importance of engaging with the upcoming MC13.  
4.66.  I would therefore like to praise Cameroon 's decision to host MC14, and we look forward to 
working with them from an early stage to ensure that we maximi ze the outputs of MC14 an d enable 
WTO Members to deliver for businesses and communities around the world.  
4.67.  I would like to thank CEMAC  for the preparations that have gone into their second Trade Policy 
Review and for the commendable contributions their members have made to this Organization. 
I hope that CEMAC continues to pursue growth and prosperity, and that they remain committed to 
their admirable principles of transparency and collegiality. As the CEMAC anthem suggests, "In the 
light, harmony, and the future will be more beautiful ". 
TUNISIA ON BEHALF OF THE AFRICAN GROUP  
4.68.  I am delivering this statement on behalf of the African Group.  
4.69.  The African Group is pleased to participate in this second Trade Policy Review of the member 
States of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community. We warmly welcome the CEMAC 
zone trade ministers here today, as well as their representatives.  
4.70.  We tha nk them for their detailed opening statement on the state of the CEMAC economy, as 
well as for all the efforts made during this second Trade Policy Review of CEMAC. We acknowledge 
the presence of the President of the CEMAC Commission, as well as his staff.  
4.71.  On the basis of the information contained in the two Trade Policy Review reports, we note 
with satisfaction the effective implementation of the CEMAC vision, which is based around the 
regional economic agenda for 2025 and the transformation of this subreg ional community into an 
integrated and emerging economic area.  
4.72.  Since its first Trade Policy Review in July  2013, CEMAC has made substantial progress in the 
area of free movement of goods and persons, and has followed strategic political guidance to improve  
its trade regime and participation in international trade, including by joining the African Continental 
Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) project to boost intra -African trade.  
4.73.  The African Group also notes that the current economic situation in CEMAC is marked by t he 
continued implementation of exceptional budgetary and prudential measures, and the conclusion by 
several CEMAC member countries of a second -generation programme with the IMF, to deal with the 
adverse consequences of the external shocks caused by the COV ID-19 pandemic and many other 
risks previously taken at the global level.  
4.74.  The African Group welcomes the progress made in recent years in the pursuit of trade 
integration in CEMAC, including improvements in the Community rules of origin, with the definitio n 
and implementation of a new mechanism for evaluating origin and an oversight body.  
4.75.  Also of note are competition, with the definition and operationalization of a regional 
institutional arrangement to combat anti -competitive practices, and port taxation, w ith the revision 
of the Customs Code in accordance with the 2022 Harmonized System.  
4.76.  We note that, with the exception of the free trade zone requirements, there are no Community 
provisions on export support and promotion.  
4.77.  We also welcome the efforts made by  the CEMAC Commission during the review period to 
effectively coordinate the agricultural policy objectives and instruments of the CEMAC member 
States, in a context of very limited resources that considerably handicap the scope of these actions.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  4.78.  In particu lar, the CEMAC Commission has worked to identify certain obstacles to trade in 
agricultural products, such as problems relating to the application of SPS measures. We broadly 
support this policy. This is what the African Group has always called for, withou t prejudice to 
discussions on the other elements of agricultural reform whose review by the WTO has long been 
desired, such as issues relating to market access, through TBT and SPS measures, export 
restrictions, public food stockholding and special safegua rd mechanisms.  
4.79.  We note that the food security situation within CEMAC is dependent on the broader economic 
context. We call on CEMAC countries to continue their efforts to work within the WTO for a substantial 
package of measures on agriculture and food sec urity at MC13. This situation is a wake -up call to 
us, all of us, on the urgent need for industrialization and structural transformation in line with the 
2063 Agenda: The Africa We Want.  
4.80.  The African Group also commends the momentum created by CEMAC in fish eries and 
aquaculture. Through their implementing agency, the CEMAC countries have established the Inland 
Fishing and Aquaculture Promotion Project. With a budget of CFAF  5.1 billion, the aim of the Project 
is to ensure sustainable management of fishery re sources and better harness the potential of the 
subregion's aquatic environments.  
4.81.  The Project is expected to contribute to improving the governance and management 
frameworks for inland fisheries and aquaculture, and to support the activities of small -scale fishers 
and fish farmers, and their organizations, by enabling them to move from subsistence activities to 
profitable, market -oriented activities. The successful conclusion of the second phase of the current 
WTO negotiations should help to enhance the dev elopment and competitiveness of this industry in 
the CEMAC zone.  
4.82.  In that connection, we call on the CEMAC countries to ratify the Fisheries Agreement adopted 
at the WTO's 12th Ministerial Conference. We also encourage the Members from this subregion to 
continue to support their artisanal fishing while protecting their EEZ from exhaustion, particularly 
from large -scale commercial or industrial fishing with access rights. This is a WTO negotiating area 
where the African Group expects tangible development outc omes, which provide clear disciplines for 
fisheries subsidies that contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, including the development of 
special and differential treatment that is appropriate and effective for developing countries and LDCs.  
4.83.  Our shared c ore objective is to achieve a developmental outcome in all these areas, including 
development, during the 13th Ministerial Conference, in order to contribute to the much -needed 
industrialization and structural transformation of our economies, as the inform ation provided in this 
Review shows.  
4.84.  We have much to say about the trade policy of the CEMAC member countries, but we would 
like to stop here. I take this opportunity to wish the various delegations of the CEMAC member 
States a very successful Trade Policy  Review.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
4.85.  First of all, I would like to welcome the delegations of the countries whose trade policies we 
will be reviewing today: Cameroon, represented by H.E.  Luc Magloire  Mbarga  Atangana , Minister of 
Trade; Congo and CEMAC, represented by Mr  Alphonse  Claude  N'Silou, Minister of State, Minister of 
Trade, Supply and Consumption, and Spokesperson for the CEMAC Trade Ministers; Gabon, 
represented by Ms  Patricia  Djipano, Minister of Commerce; Central  African  Republic , represented by 
Mr Firmin  Gabin  N'Gbeng  Mokoue, Chargé  d'Affaires  ai; and Chad, represented by 
H.E. Ms Walendom  Robertine, Minister of Industry and Commerce.  
4.86.  I would also like to thank the WTO Secretariat and the Governments of the  five countries 
under review for their respective reports, as well as our discussant, H.E. Ms  Usha Dwarka -Canabady 
(Mauritius) for her opening intervention and her analysis, which paved the way for an interesting 
and constructive discussion.  
4.87.  The economic i ntegration of Central Africa is already a long -standing process in which the 
Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) has been a key player. I therefore join WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  the countries of the region in welcoming, as they did in their joint report, this s econd group review 
of their trade policies.  
4.88.  The European  Union attaches particular importance to the Economic Partnership 
Agreement  (EPA) that it negotiated with CEMAC in 2014. Only Cameroon has chosen to implement 
the Agreement to date, but the EPA remain s open to other CEMAC members that would like to join 
the Agreement and take advantage of its commitments to diversify and further develop their 
economies.  
4.89.  Other CEMAC  member countries would greatly benefit from considering accession to the EPA, 
which would enable them to take full advantage of the existing value chains and create new ones 
thanks to induced investments. The EPA would provide greater stability to the reg ion and allow the 
countries concerned to better integrate into the African Continental Free Trade Area, thereby 
enabling them to integrate their economies into the multilateral trading system and take full 
advantage of their resources for the well -being of  their people.  
4.90.  The European  Union fully recognizes that the implementation of international trade rules and 
agreements may require technical assistance or special and differential treatment. The 
European  Union and its member States are the leading donors o f technical assistance and aid for 
trade. We encourage CEMAC member countries to report any difficulties encountered in 
implementing their international commitments, so that pragmatic solutions can be deployed quickly.  
4.91.  The EU is pleased that Gabon has depo sited its instrument of ratification of the Fisheries 
Agreement, and welcomes the implementation by the CEMAC countries of their commitments under 
the Trade Facilitation Agreement. The EU is pleased to note that most of the CEMAC countries, all 
except Came roon, are participating in the negotiations on investment facilitation for development. 
In addition, Cameroon participates in the e -commerce initiative. We encourage CEMAC countries to 
take part in the trade and environmental sustainability structured disc ussions.  
4.92.  The EU strongly urges the five countries under review, as well as CEMAC, to take the necessary 
measures to boost their economic capacity and develop inter -regional trade so as to be able to 
achieve their goal of becoming an emerging integrated eco nomic area by 2025.  
4.93.  In the case of the EPA with Cameroon, we have passed the halfway point in implementation. 
Recent figures on trade between the EU and Cameroon reveal encouraging trends: our trade nearly 
doubled between 2016 and 2022, from EUR  3.2 billion to EUR  6.1 billion. Cameroon, accounting 
for 27% of EU trade with Central Africa, remains our largest partner in the region. Since the start of 
implementation of the EPA, we have also seen the emergence of certain processing sectors, such as 
with cocoa b utter. It is therefore important to maintain this positive momentum. We also welcome 
Cameroon's hosting of the 14th Ministerial Conference.  
4.94.  The EPA is a regional integration scheme that allows the African countries concerned to adapt 
their economies to int ernational markets, while protecting their nascent industries, reforming their 
economies by facilitating business creation and attracting the foreign capital essential to developing 
the country's infrastructure. In addition, through its commitments and the  planned dialogue on 
sustainable development, the EPA allows the countries concerned to align with international 
standards in this area and promote the development of a green and sustainable economy.  
4.95.  As during the last review in 2013, the European  Union co ntinues to encourage Congo's efforts 
in social matters and in economic and financial governance. It remains important for diversification 
of the economy to continue and for the poorest population groups to see tangible results on the 
ground through increas ed investment in social sectors. The EU thus underlines its support for the 
policy of economic diversification away from the oil sector, hopes for the successful implementation 
of the National Development Plan and stresses the importance of improving the b usiness climate in 
order to attract private investors.  
4.96.  The EU has submitted a few questions to CEMAC member countries. We are particularly 
interested in the possibilities of diversifying economies and in preparations for the implementation 
of the African C ontinental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  4.97.  I thank you and the delegations of CEMAC countries for your kind attention. We will follow 
today's and future discussions with interest. On behalf of the EU, I welcome this constructive 
exchange of views and wish Camero on, the Central  African  Republic , Chad, Congo, and Gabon every 
success throughout this review of their trade policies.  
COLOMBIA  
4.98.  I am taking the floor on behalf of the delegation of Colombia to the WTO. We sincerely thank 
the delegations of the CEMAC member  countries, represented by Mr  Alphonse  Claude  N'Silou, Trade 
Minister of Congo and CEMAC spokesperson, as well as the other Heads of Delegation, my 
Ambassador colleagues and other local authority figures that are attending this meeting today.  
4.99.  We commend th e detailed analysis and comments submitted by H.E.  Ambassador 
Usha Dwarka -Canabady of Mauritius, as the discussant for this review, as well as the work carried 
out by the WTO Secretariat and the authorities of the CEMAC member countries in preparing the 
reports for this exercise.  
4.100.   We would like to thank the CEMAC member countries for their readiness to respond to 
Colombia's questions as part of this exercise. The questions cover a very broad range of topics, from 
customs procedures, fees and valuation, and t rade remedies, to competition measures, the 
implementation of a competition promotion policy and the effects of currency parity with other 
currencies in terms of fiscal and monetary stringency.  
4.101.   Colombia and the CEMAC countries share a number of socio -cultural and economic elements. 
We have a growing interest in deepening our relationship with African countries, as evidenced by 
the recent visits of our Vice -President to the African continent, and believe that the exchange of 
good practices can help us to adv ance the sustainable use of our resources.  
4.102.   Thanks to the Secretariat Report, we know that, despite its differences in terms of 
development, CEMAC shares a number of challenges with Colombia, such as human development 
and dependence on natural resources. Th e regional economy has mainly been based on the 
extraction of raw materials, although the services sector makes up a significant share of its GDP, 
and we see efforts to diversify the productive apparatus. However, factors such as the fall in oil 
revenues a nd the COVID -19 pandemic have eroded these economies, although they have maintained 
trade surpluses, and we therefore welcome their resilience.  
4.103.   On the other hand, according to the Report, intra -community trade is low due to inadequate 
infrastructure. Despi te structural weaknesses, agriculture remains significant in terms of 
employment. Efforts are being made to eliminate quantitative restrictions, charges and measures 
having an equivalent effect, with a view to strengthening a common market.  
4.104.   Likewise, we ar e interested in the CEMAC Investment Charter, which seeks to attract 
investment, including foreign investment, by creating a business -friendly environment through 
competition regulations, intellectual property protection and support services. In addition, it provides 
for reductions in registration duties related to the setting up of businesses and other transactions. 
However, CEMAC's Common External Tariff (CET) has a relatively high average rate of 18.3%, which 
may limit competitiveness and efficiency in t he allocation of resources. Excise duties have also been 
imposed on certain products, which could affect trade facilitation. Lastly, the report notes that 
CEMAC has pesticide approval, although the countries lack the resources to implement their SPS 
provis ions effectively.  
4.105.   The CEMAC countries are members of the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI) 
and have a legal framework for the protection of intellectual property rights. However, most patent 
and trademark applications are made by residents of Cameroon, and it would therefore be interesting 
to encourage more uniform registration to facilitate the growth of this Union. Colombia also finds 
that the manufacturing sector is only moderately developed in the region, and strong tariff protection 
does not support its competitiveness. Measures are being implemented to liberalize services and 
improve regional transport, although challenges remain as regards infrastructure and barriers to 
regional trade, but we welcome the development of the electricity sector as a result of the energy 
transition and re -industrialization that should help to address this situation.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  4.106.   We would like to know more about the effects of currency parity with the euro, how the 
maintenance of a currency with fixed parity with the eur o influences the trade balance of the CEMAC 
countries, and whether this currency unit is considered to have facilitated or impeded the control of 
inflation in the region. In addition, how has the growth of banks and banking activities related to the 
real e conomy, together with the increase in outstanding debts and the decline in the reserve 
coverage rate, impacted on the financial situation of the CEMAC banking sector?  
4.107.   Colombia would like to know how the Economic and Monetary Union among the six countries 
operates at the regulatory level, especially with respect to public administration, in particular 
whether there is a regulatory body issuing common and binding regulations for the six countries.  
4.108.   Lastly, we invite the CEMAC member countries to join the Multi -Party Interim Appeal 
Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA), which will benefit everyone and improve the functioning and 
credibility of the WTO. We wish these delegations a successful conclusion to their Trade Policy 
Review.  
UNITED  STATES  
4.109.   The United  States is pleased to welcome the delegation of the Central African Economic and 
Monetary Community (CEMAC) led by H.E. Mr Alphonse Claude N'S ilou, to their second Trade Policy 
Review. We appreciate the opportunity to review the work that the CEMAC and its members ha ve 
undertaken since its last Review.  
4.110.   The United  States applauds CEMAC's commitment to regional economic integration and the 
CEMAC member States' efforts to break down barriers intra -regional trade. The U.S. is a strong 
supporter of regional and continental  economic integration across Africa, both in general and as it 
pertains to CEMAC specifically. We understand how critical this undertaking is towards advancing 
the multilateral trading system at large, and encourage CEMAC member States and members of 
other  African regional economic communities to continue efforts to integrate themselves both 
regionally and into the global market.  
4.111.   In terms of the U.S. trade relationship, most exports from CEMAC to the United  States are 
imported duty -free either on a most -favoured  nation (MFN) or on a preferential basis. The U.S. also 
affords opportunities for people and businesses across Africa through the African Growth and 
Opportunity Act (AGOA) and prior to its expiration in December  2021, the Generalized System of 
Prefer ences (GSP). These program mes have helped grow expand and diversify trade across Africa. 
In 2022, U.S. goods imports from CEMAC totalled  USD 696 million, comprising about 2 % of total 
CEMAC exports to the world.  
4.112.   We do note, however, that more work can be d one to satisfy CEMAC member s compliance 
with their multilateral trade commitments. We hope to understand more about the rationale for why 
several members, including Congo, the Central  African  Republic , and Gabon, implement tariff rates 
that appear inconsis tent with bound rates. Further, as described by the Secretariat Report, CEMAC 
countries rarely submit notifications to the WTO. We hope to hear more about challenges that 
Members face in submitting timely notifications, so we can work together to improve t hese statistics. 
We look forward to constructive engagement on trade facilitation issues to promote measures that 
reduce red tape, which can significantly impact regional and global trade competitiveness.  
4.113.   We have submitted questions for each of the Member s under review, in areas such as 
customs procedures, intellectual property rights, and agricultural trade. We look forward to 
reviewing the responses.  
4.114.   In closing, while we recognize the capacity constraints that may confront each Government's 
participation in the multilateral trading system, we are also mindful of the critical, positive role that 
increased trade openness can play in their economies. Making pro -trade domestic reforms consistent 
with the WTO framework, combined with trade liberal ization efforts is a proven framework for 
garnering foreign investment and generating economic growth.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  ANGOLA  
4.115.   The delegation of Angola would like to congratulate the CEMAC countries on their second 
group Trade Policy Review. We recognize the efforts made i n drawing up the document, which 
contains relevant information on the economic and trade developments of the five CEMAC member 
countries. The goal, therefore, is to create a genuine customs union and a strengthened common 
market, with the complete free mov ement of goods, services, people and capital.  
4.116.   Our delegation is also grateful for the comprehensive Report by the WTO Secretariat, which 
provides an in -depth assessment of the trade policies of the CEMAC countries since the last Review.  
4.117.   This report takes s tock of the common economic environment and of achievements and 
recent developments with respect to trade and sectoral policies, while describing the challenges still 
to be faced in these areas. It also provides an overview of the anticipated outcome of im plementing 
the Regional Economic Programme (PER) and the Master Plan for the Industrialization and Economic 
Diversification of Central Africa (PDIDE).  
4.118.   It includes information on the implementation of the AfCFTA Agreement, facilitates the 
assessment of the progress made by CEMAC member countries in implementing the AfCFTA 
Agreement and helps to identify opportunities for better regional economic integration.  
4.119.   Despite the negative impact of the pandemic on the global economy, slowing growth and 
possibly affecting the short -term outlook, we note that with the exception of Cameroon and the 
Central  African  Republic , all the CEMAC countries saw greater economic growth in 2022 compared 
to 2021, with a stable outlook for 2023.  
4.120.   Bilaterally, relations be tween Angola and the CEMAC countries are still considered weak, as 
trade is not significant in terms of commercial volume. It is therefore necessary to consolidate 
relations so as to increase existing levels and bring them more into line with ambitions bas ed on the 
support of a diversified strategic partnership, by focusing on mutually beneficial economic 
cooperation.  
4.121.   The Angolan delegation considers this an opportunity to analy se in depth the policies 
implemented in the respective economies of the CEMAC co untries and to identify areas of 
convergence and challenges.  
SAMOA ON BEHALF OF THE ACP GROUP  
4.122.   On the occasion of its second WTO Trade Policy Review, Samoa on behalf of the ACP Group 
wishes to congratulate the members of the Central African Economic and Mon etary Community 
(CEMAC). We also present our compliments to Ambassador H.E.  Mrs Usha Dwarka -Canabady of 
Mauritius for her valuable input and analytical contributions as a discussant.  
4.123.   The ACP Group appreciates the long -standing collaboration with CEMAC mem ber States. 
They have consistently demonstrated themselves as steadfast companions and invaluable partners 
of the ACP Group. Their unwavering commitment and support have been instrumental in advancing 
our collective positions on various fronts.  
4.124.   The CEMAC member States have a crucial role to play in the multilateral trading system and 
in the establishment of a common market and the development of an Economic Union, ensuring the 
continued emergence of this sub -region with its clear potential.  
4.125.   Despite encoun tering numerous obstacles in its progress, the CEMAC States have made 
developments that are noteworthy. For instance, CEMAC has maintained a trade surplus in spite of 
the COVID -19 Pandemic and the global  conflict with oil continuing to be a substantial com modity 
along with a rise in the volume of timb er and gold being sold, especially to Asia. We also acknowledge 
the CEMAC group 's efforts to put forth the ambitious CEMAC Investment Charter to foster private 
and foreign direct investment. This charter aims t o create an environment that is conducive to 
business by introducing competition checks and balances, intellectual property protection, and 
support services development. Additionally, the Charter decreases the fees for registering companies 
or any changes in capital, mergers, or stock transfers. The CEMAC States also vow to provide equal WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  treatment to foreign investment as local investment and adjust domestic legislation and judicial 
policies to comply with the Charter's rules.  
4.126.   While CEMAC member States hav e taken visibly concrete steps to improve their economic 
conditions, there remain crucial challenges for them to overcome. Although agriculture contributes 
as little as 12% to GDP, it employs 29% -69% of the labour force. Structural weaknesses due to an 
unfavourable  business climate, inadequate institutional framework, infrastructure, public services, 
financial markets, and regional integration limit sectoral integration within the economy and hinder 
the processing of local raw materials. These weaknesses al so explain why CEMAC mainly exports 
commodities.  
4.127.   As we celebrate CEMAC 's achievements in the realm of trade policies, we look forward to 
continued collaboration and solidarity between its members and the ACP Group in the pursuit of 
meaningful strides towa rd a more inclusive and equitable global trade environment.  
4.128.   In the run -up to the 13th WTO Ministerial Conference scheduled to take place in Abu  Dhabi 
in February  2024, we join the CEMAC  member countries in calling for an early harvest on issues of 
interest to developing countries, and LDCs. We fully support a successful TPR for CEMAC.  
4.129.   The ACP Group therefore calls on WTO Members to work with CEMAC countries to provide 
continued support to CEMAC in seizing opportunities and overcoming challenges.  
KINGDOM OF SAUDI  ARABIA  
4.130.   I would like to take this opportunity to thank the CEMAC countries and the WTO Secretariat 
for their detailed and comprehensive Trade Policy Review Reports. I also thank the discussant 
H.E. Madame  Dwarka -Canabady , Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Mauritius to the 
WTO for her insightful remarks.  
4.131.   Since the last Trade Policy Review in 2013 till now, we appreciate the steps taken by CEMAC 
to diversify the economies a way from oil, and the steps taken to improve transit of goods.  Moreover, 
CEMAC Countries greatly value the multilateral trading system, and we appreciate its actively 
engagement in the WTO activities.  
4.132.   The Kingdom  Saudi  Arabia enjoys friendly relationship w ith CEMAC countries. Trade 
exchange between the Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia and CEMAC countries reached about 
SAR 250 million in 2021. Wood and articles of wood, oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, copper are the 
most exported products by CEMAC countries to the Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia ; while plastics, salt and 
meat are the most imported products by CEMAC countries from the Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia. We 
are looking forward to strengthening the bilateral trade exchange more and more in the coming 
years.  
4.133.   Finally , we congratulate the region to host the 14th Ministerial Conference in Cameroon and 
wish them a successful Ministerial Conference.  
4.134.   To conclude, we wish the CEMAC countries a very successful Trade Po licy Review.  
SENEGAL 
4.135.   The delegation  of Senegal  endorses  the statements  made  by the WTO groups  to which  our 
country  belongs,  particularly  the African  Group  and LDC Group.  We are happy  to be participating  in 
this second  TPR. 
4.136.   We warmly welcome the CEMAC delegation to Geneva. We a lso thank H.E. the Minister of 
Trade, Supply and Consumption for Congo, and CEMAC spokesperson, for his statement.  
4.137.   Senegal commends H.E.  Ambassador Usha  Dwarka -Canabady of Mauritius for her remarks 
as discussant for this TPR.  
4.138.   I would like to join you in co mmending and welcoming the participants of the WTO's 
Introductory Trade Policy Course.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  4.139.   We have taken note of the two Common Reports, including the country annexes, prepared 
in the context of this Trade Policy Review (TPR). We would like to thank the WTO Se cretariat and 
the CEMAC States Members of the WTO.  
4.140.   This second group TPR of the CEMAC States Members of the WTO is particularly important 
in light of developments within CEMAC and other reforms undertaken by the countries.  
4.141.   Senegal welcomes CEMAC's new visi on, which is structured around the Regional Economic 
Programme (PER), the objective of which is to make CEMAC "an emerging integrated economic area, 
where security, solidarity and good governance reign", by 2025.  
4.142.   My delegation also welcomes CEMAC's achieve ments regarding the free movement of 
persons with the abolition of visas for CEMAC nationals, which was ratified by some CEMAC States. 
In this regard, we encourage other CEMAC States to adopt such a measure to, inter alia, promote 
and facilitate intra -Comm unity trade.  
4.143.   In the same vein, we encourage CEMAC member States to step up their efforts to eliminate 
unnecessary barriers to trade so as to facilitate intra -Community trade in goods and services. The 
harmonious implementation of the AfCFTA would also help  to further develop trade among African 
States.  
4.144.   Regarding the WTO's work on transparency, we encourage the WTO Secretariat to further 
assist CEMAC States with notifications.  
4.145.   To conclude, Senegal wishes the CEMAC States every success in this review of their  trade 
policy and practices.  
DJIBOUTI ON BEHALF OF THE LDC GROUP  
4.146.   On behalf of the LDC Group, Djibouti would like to extend a warm welcome to the delegation 
of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community; we offer it our full support and wish it 
every success in its work in this second joint Trade Policy Review.  
4.147.   The LDC Group thanks the delegation of CEMAC and the WTO Secretariat for preparing and 
presenting high -quality, detailed and useful reports.  
4.148.   The goals of the Central African Economic and Mone tary Community, established in 1998, 
are to promote intra -regional trade with a view to driving economic and social development, to 
coordinate monetary and trade policy, and to contribute to the harmonization of regulations and 
standards.  
4.149.   The LDC Group com mends the CEMAC countries for the significant progress made since the 
last review in 2013.  
4.150.   CEMAC members have faced a challenging external environment owing to COVID -19 and the 
conflict between the Russian  Federation and Ukraine. However, they will be able  to seize new 
opportunities through the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).  
4.151.   In regard to environmental preservation and biodiversity, we would like to congratulate 
CEMAC members on complying with and enforcing the various international convention s aimed at 
protecting ecosystems, species and forests.  
4.152.   We also take note of the strategy adopted by CEMAC members to strike a balance between 
environmental considerations and the need to promote economic development by encouraging, for 
example, the local p rocessing of wood in the rough.  
4.153.   We call on all of CEMAC's trading partners to support the Group's efforts to integrate itself 
into global value chains, while helping its members manage resources and produce goods 
sustainably.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  4.154.   The LDC Group also wishes to c ommend CEMAC on the promotion of business -friendly 
practices, such as the establishment of single windows in each member country for administrative 
formalities. In addition, CEMAC members have introduced electronic payment systems and revised 
their rules t o facilitate the movement of persons.  
4.155.   Despite the difficulties being encountered in the pursuit of economic integration and better 
integration into the multilateral trade system, the CEMAC  governments are making substantial 
efforts to honour all their trade commitments signed in the WTO framework and  to place their 
countries on a path towards emergence. These efforts must be commended.  
4.156.   In closing, the LDC Group wishes the CEMAC members ever y success in their Regional 
Economic Programme for the period 2023 -28 and calls on all donor countries to financially support 
the priority projects the group has identified in relation to transport, electricity and 
telecommunications infrastructure.  
BRAZIL  
4.157.   Brazil would like to welcome the high -level delegations from the countries of the CEMAC that 
are Members of the WTO – Cameroun, Congo, Gabon, the Central  African  Republic, and Chad – and 
also to congratulate the Governments of these countries for engaging  in their second joint Trade 
Policy Review as members of the CEMAC.  
4.158.   We would also like to express our appreciation to the CEMAC member States and the WTO 
Secretariat for their thorough and comprehensive reports, as well as to you, Chair, and the 
discussant , Ambassador Dwarka -Canabady (Mauritius), for your contributions to a successful trade 
monitoring exercise.  
4.159.   Brazil attaches great importance to trade policy reviews, in the understanding that they 
contribute to enhance transparency and predictability for trade stakeholders. The challenges faced 
by many countries, particularly developing and least developed ones, to promote economy recovery 
amidst a slowdown in the global economy, the effects of the COVID -19 pandemic, rising inflation, 
and multiple crises are additional elements that reinforce the relevance of this kind of exercise.  
4.160.   In this regard, we commend the countries of the CEMAC for their efforts to sustain their 
economic recovery since 2020 after external shocks caused by the pande mic and a fall in oil prices.  
4.161.   As a member of MERCOSUR , a customs union that aims to establish a common market, 
Brazil is particularly supportive of development strategies that are centred  in using regional trade 
integration as a platform to increase parti cipation in regional and global value chains. In this context, 
we welcome recent initiatives of the CEMAC member States to deepen regional integration in areas 
such as rules of origin, competition, domestic taxation, and liberalization of services. Additio nally, 
we would like to highlight the importance of the signature and ratification by all CEMAC countries of 
the Agreement Establishing the A fCFTA for advancing continental trade integration.  
4.162.   Furthermore, considering that the economies of the CEMAC countri es are heavily reliant on 
natural resources, such as oil and timber, we would like to draw attention to the potential of the 
service s sector  and trade in services to foster economic diversification, as highlighted by the recent 
report by the WTO and the Wo rld Bank on "Trade in Services for Development ". In this context, 
Brazil welcomes the directive adopted by CEMAC member  States, in 2021, to simplify procedures 
and regulations governing service activities.  
4.163.   Moving on to WTO issues, Brazil notes with satisf action that Congo, Chad, Gabon, and the 
Central  African  Republic are participants of the JSI on Investment Facilitation for Development and 
we encourage Cameroun to join the other CEMAC members States in the initiative. We firmly believe 
that the future im plementation IFD Agreement could be a key factor in the efforts by the CEMAC 
countries to improve their business environment in order to attract and retain sustainable FDI. 
Besides, Brazil would also like to take this opportunity to congratulate Cameroon f or taking the 
initiative to host the MC14.  
4.164.   Regarding bilateral relations, Brazil is the main trade partner in Latin  America of the 
countries of the CEMAC that are Members of the WTO and we believe that there is still a lot of WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  untapped potential to increas e bilateral trade flows, which reached, in 2022, a total of around 
USD 373.5 million.  
4.165.   As an example of a bilateral cooperation initiative between Brazil and one of the CEMAC  
countries, Cameroun, that will contribute to increase connectivity between Africa and South  America 
and to promote the development of the digital economy and e -commerce in both continents, we 
would like to call attention to the South Atlantic Inter Link ( SAIL), a submarine cable that links Brazil 
to Cameroon, with a current capacity of 1 .4 Tbps, expandable to 32  Tbps.  
4.166.   Finally, Brazil would like to wish the delegations of Cameroun, Congo, Gabon, the 
Central  African  Republic, and Chad a successful conclusio n of their second joint Trade Policy Review.  
INDIA1 
4.167.   India is happy to participate in the second  joint Review of the Central African Economic and 
Monetary Community (CEMAC) and joins other Members in extending a warm welcome to the 
Honourable Ministers of Cameroon, Chad, Congo and Gabon , and high representatives of the 
Central  African  Republic present here with us for the past two days.  My delegation would further, 
like to commend the Governments of CEMAC countries, their Geneva based missions to the WTO, 
for their Report, as well as thank the WTO Secretariat for its comprehensive Report. I would also 
thank the discussant  H.E. Ambassador of Mauritius for her insightful remarks.  
4.168.   India's long -standing partnership with the CEMAC  countries has been bolstered by growing 
trade and investment ties. Indian companies have made large investments in the region, operating 
actively in the areas of telecommunications, power transmission, transportation , and oil exploration. 
Total bilateral trade between India and the CEMAC countries reached around US D 3.8 billion for 
FY2022 -2023, highlighting a sustained growth of bilateral trade between CEMAC countries and India 
since the last TPR held in 2013, a fact also emphasi zed in the Secretariat Report. Recognizing this 
immense potential, both sides are working towards enhancing this cooperation in future.  
4.169.   Development assistance by India forms an important component of our cooperation with 
CEMAC countries. This includes concessional lines of credit for infrastructure development and 
capacity building, support for institution -building and technical assistance and training programmes 
for vocational skill development under the ITEC as well programme in addition to ICCR scholarships. 
The Pan -African E-Network for tele -medicine and tele -education is another successful example of 
our institution -building partnership. Since the last Trade Policy Review of the CEMAC countries 
in 2013, Chad has acceded to the duty-free market access scheme of India in 2016 makin g the 
two LDC members of CEMAC the beneficiaries of this scheme.  
4.170.   As highlighted in the Secretariat 's Report for this review, CEMAC 's huge economic potential 
is manifested by its rich natural resources and vast deposits of oil. While oil and timber remain the 
two major contributors to the GDP and exports, lack of economic diversification, the negative impact 
of the COVID -19 pandemic as well as other geopolitical crisis have played a role in slowing CEMAC 
economic activity and fuelling inflation; a considera ble part of the economic resources remain 
untapped, underlining the need for greater diversification, investment and domestic value addition.  
4.171.   Despite existing heterogeneity in the development levels of its members, it is commendable 
that CEMAC has been st riving steadily towards regional integration by pursuing common monetary 
and foreign exchange policies within the framework of the Central African Monetary Union, as well 
as leveraging other frameworks of regional integration including the African Continen tal Free Trade 
Area (AfCFTA). Several institutions have been put in place for implementing this vision of economic 
integration, comprising a common market: coordination of national sectoral policies and 
harmonization of rules.  
4.172.   We welcome CEMAC 's work on a n ambitious Regional Economic Programme  (PER) which 
aims to transform CEMAC into an emerging integrated economic area by  2025. We have noted that  
the PER governs economic development as a whole and presents an agenda in three five -year phases 
for the achie vement of Vision 2025. This vision incorporates inter alia creating a competitive and 
favourable  business environment to attract foreign investments, strengthen economic governance, 
 
1 Statement delivered during the second day of the meeting.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  introduce tax reforms, improve multilateral surveillance, introduce ease of business as well as trade 
facilitative measures, improve transparency and establish an effecti ve common market.  
4.173.   However, we also note that to transform these ambitious plans into reality, CEMAC faces 
challenges including establishing a harmonized business environment and substantial resource 
mobilization.  
4.174.   Further, as pointed out in the CEMAC Report, three of its members, namely, Cameroon, the 
Central  African  Republic  and Chad are cotton producing countries and their production is affected 
owing to price distortions caused by subsidies granted by  industrialized countries to their cotton 
producers. We urge the concerned countries to eliminate all such subsidies that are impacting the 
livelihoods of poor cotton farmers in developing and Least Developed Countries. India through its 
Cotton Technical Assistance Programme (CTAP) is engaging meaningfully i n providing assistance to 
strengthen the cotton value chain in Africa through training and capacity -building of farmers, 
scientists, government officials and industry representatives and through the creation of 
cotton -related infrastructure.  
4.175.   To conclude, I  would like to convey India 's best wishes to the CEMAC countries for success 
in achieving their development aspirations, enhance productivity, achieve higher growth and 
economic prosperity for all its peoples. In this regard, India remains committed to fur ther 
strengthening and fostering its partnership with CEMAC countries in areas of mutual interest. 
The African Union 's induction as a permanent member of the G -20, during India 's Presidency, bears 
witness to India 's vision of inclusiveness and solidarity w ith our African partners including CEMAC 
countries. I wish the CEMAC delegation a productive and successful Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE S OF THE CEMAC COUNTRIES  AND ADDITIONAL 
COMMENTS  
CEMAC  (H.E. MR ALPHONSE  CLAUDE  N'SILOU)  
5.1.  As we reach the end of this session devoted to the second trade policy review of the WTO 
Member CEMAC countries, I would like to begin, Chair, on behalf of my Minister colleagues, 
H.E. Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cameroon, the Chargé d'Affaires of the 
Central  African  Republic  and the Chair of the CEMAC Commission, by thanking you for your insightful 
introductory remarks and congratulating you on brilliantly leading the work conducted throughout 
this exercise.  
5.2.  We also thank the Ambassador of Mauritius for the quality of her remarks, which highlighted 
the trade policy challenges facing member States of our Community.  
5.3.  We would also like to thank all delegations for their interest in our review and especially those 
that have commented on the trade policies of our States.  
5.4.  We are profoundly grateful for your excellent knowledge of CEMAC's political and 
socio economic context, as well as your suggestions for improvement.  
5.5.  The exercise that brings us tog ether takes place against an international backdrop marked by 
a slowdown in economic activity, which in 2023 is expected to see high inflation, a tightening of 
monetary policy, and raised interest rates in connection with persistent food and energy crises 
resulting from the conflict between Ukraine and the Russian  Federation . 
5.6.  As a result, global growth is expected to amount to 3.5% in 2022 and 3.0% in 2023, and to 
stay at the same level in 2024, according to the World Economic Outlook revised by the IMF in 
July 2023.  
5.7.  In the CEMAC zone, the outlook is expected to remain broadly positive, driven by high oil prices 
and the lifting of restrictions related to the COVID -19 pandemic. The rate of economic growth, which 
stood at 3.0% in 2022, is projected at 2.4% in 2023 and 2.6% in 2024, as a result of a decline in 
the oil sector, an improved non -oil sector, and the effects of reforms undertaken to improve 
governance, transparency, and the business climate.  
5.8.  Inflation is expected to reach 6.1% in 2023, before falling below the community threshold of 
3.0% in 2024, as a result of the range of measures initiated in member States to contain inflationary 
pressures and the tightening of monetary policy to better support the external position of the 
currency.  
5.9.  However, these p rospects remain subject to the risks of increased vulnerabilities associated 
with the deterioration of regional security. In addition to the persistent actions of terrorist groups in 
the Lake Chad basin came the crisis in Sudan, the humanitarian and social  impacts of which could 
strongly affect both Chad and other Community member countries.  
5.10.  Taking into account the issues and challenges of the time, the CEMAC Heads of State have, 
as noted by some delegations when taking the floor, adopted additional measure s to strengthen 
economic and financial reforms, consolidate subregional integration, and support the private sector, 
all with a view to accelerating economic diversification and intra -community trade, sustainable 
development factors, poverty reduction, and  the improvement of people's living conditions.  
5.11.  Let me now turn to some of the questions raised during the first day of our group review. 
Later, where necessary and with your authorization, the various delegations of CEMAC member 
States will complement my remarks.  
5.12.  With regard to double taxation, I would like to reassure you that work bringing free circulation 
into practice is continuing at the subregional level and that some States are already implementing 
it. WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  5.13.  With respect to the uniform application of the Common External Tariff (CET), member States, 
in accordance with Article  22 of the Convention Governing the Economic Union of Central Africa 
(UEAC), may derogate from it by taking time -limited measures to deal with cyclical situations.  
5.14.  On bound duties, a co ncern expressed by some WTO Members, we would like to reassure you 
that the CEMAC countries will make the arrangements for their renegotiation.  
5.15.  With regard to the notification of rules to the WTO, the CEMAC member States have taken 
note of the comments mad e and undertake to expedite the process. To this end, support from the 
WTO is strongly requested in terms of both technical assistance and capacity building.  
5.16.  On rules related to technical barriers to trade and sanitary and phytosanitary measures 
(TBT/SPS),  I would like to reassure you that a Regional Food Security Programme (PRSA) has 
already been put in place to lay the groundwork for the harmonization of rules.  
5.17.  The same applies to common regulations on the registration of pesticides in Central Africa. 
Consideration is being given to the harmonization of SPS regulations in the CEMAC zone.  
5.18.  In addition, a Regional Quality Council has been established with technical structures, namely: 
CEMAC -NORM for the harmonization of standards, CEMAC -MET for the implementa tion of community 
metrology policies, CEMAC -RT for technical regulations, and CEMAC -AC for accreditation issues.  
5.19.  The need for WTO technical assistance and capacity building in these areas is crucial for 
CEMAC member States.  
5.20.  With regard to intra -community t rade, improvements are noted, including through the 
establishment of competitive production hubs. It should be noted that the identified weakness of 
intra-community trade can be explained by the fact that informal cross -border trade and non -tariff 
barriers  currently being dismantled have not been taken into account.  
5.21.  Concerning Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), the Community Investment Charter enshrines 
the principle of non -discrimination between foreign and domestic investment. The same pertains to 
community  regulations on competition, which apply to all enterprises without discrimination in 
relation to the nationality of investors.  
5.22.  The transaction value continues to be applied in principle. However, for reasons such as 
combating fraud, ad hoc measures may be  taken to apply administrative values.  
5.23.  Regarding priority integration projects, significant progress has been made in implementing 
the Regional Economic Programme (PER), with the securing of funding for priority infrastructure 
projects following the succes s of the donors' round table held in Paris in November  2022.  
5.24.  A second round of CEMAC priority integration projects for 2023 -28 is under way. A new donors' 
round table is planned in Paris next November, to mobilize funding for 13  projects relating to:  
• developing physical infrastructure to support the development and competitiveness of the 
subregion's economies;  
• strengthening the production of stable, affordable energy accessible to the people of CEMAC;  
• promoting the single market and economic diversifi cation to densify the production base;  
• protecting the environment;  
• inclusive growth and sustainable development.  
5.25.  To this end, I would like to take this opportunity to request a high level of participation by 
WTO Members and by our technical and financial partners.  
5.26.  Thank you for your kind attention.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  CHAD (H.E. MS ROBERTINE WALENDOM)  
5.27.  The President of the Republic of Chad, Transitional President, H.E. Mr Mahamat Idriss Deby 
Itno, gave me the honour of passing on his regards and commending the WTO an d all our partners 
on their commitment and the particular interest and attention they attach to this extremely useful 
exercise involving the monitoring of trade policies through the WTO Trade Policy Review Mechanism.  
5.28.  This vision undoubtedly gives a dynamic  boost to international trade, growth and sustainable 
economic development, particularly for the most vulnerable countries such as ours. We believe that 
there is a need to strengthen the prospect of anchoring the spirit of development through trade, 
while hoping for positive long -term impacts for our societies.  
5.29.  It is clear to us that issues related to global trade integration and trade strategies to foster 
the development of our countries, from a multilateral perspective, are of paramount importance. As 
a result, WTO rules must allow us to develop our local production capacities, thereby boosting local, 
national, and regional markets and economies and improving the quality of employment and the 
standard of living of our people.  
5.30.  Chad welcomes CEMAC's vision r egarding the key strategic pillars of its overall policy. This 
includes strengthening the foundations of the States and improving public governance; building a 
competitive economy that generates growth; developing human resources; and broadening access 
to basic services.  
5.31.  At the national level, considerable efforts have been made in various areas, including the 
modernization of customs and administrative procedures with a simplified clearance system, the 
fight against corruption, reforms of state -owned enter prises to enhance their efficiency, the creation 
of special economic zones, the establishment of a single window, and the facilitation of trade and 
investment through the upgrading of the business climate.  
5.32.  All this is part of a long -term vision and strateg ic plan to improve the business climate and 
attract investment for economic diversification and inclusive growth. We emphasize that all of these 
efforts help strengthen the transparency and predictability of our trade regime and the multilateral 
trading sy stem. These initiatives have been taken despite the difficult context regarding the 
COVID -19 pandemic and the international geopolitical situation that severely impacted Chad's 
economic activities.  
5.33.  Chad, however, reassures WTO Members that it will make eve ry effort to fulfil its task in terms 
of compliance with multilateral trade rules. It is determined to meet its notification requirements 
and is committed to fulfilling its WTO obligations. We therefore emphasize the need for trade -related 
technical assist ance to strengthen our human and institutional capacities.  
5.34.  Chad advocates an inclusive, lasting partnership and a choice that makes cooperation and 
negotiation the preferred instruments for finding the most appropriate solutions to the trade 
difficulties i t experiences. From this perspective, we need sufficient flexibility and policy space to 
allow, inter alia, tariff protection for our MSMEs in a continuous process of simplification of trade 
rules.  
5.35.  Lastly, we reiterate our commitment to the rules -based mul tilateral trading system, and trust 
in its ability to achieve greater integration of our economies into global value chains, thus making 
trade a real lever for development, poverty reduction and inclusive growth.  
CONGO (H.E. MR ALPHONSE CLAUDE N'SILOU)  
5.36.  I am taking the floor once again on Congo's behalf. The general context and the impact of 
successive international crises have resulted in the significant increase of food prices by 6.2% 
in 2022, leading the Government to adopt a resilience plan aimed at stre ngthening resistance to 
shocks in the global food crisis.  
5.37.  With regard to trade policy, in the context of improving the business climate, significant 
progress has been made, including the enactment of a set of anti -corruption laws and the 
establishment of t he High Authority against Corruption in 2019.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  5.38.  In the forestry sector, the Law of 8  July 2020 on the Forestry Code now requires natural forest 
and planted forest products to be processed mainly domestically.  
5.39.  The national industrialization strategy was appro ved in 2020. It is based on, inter alia, the 
local processing of raw products, the development of natural resources, and the development of 
Special Economic Zones.  
5.40.  Regarding the digital economy, a national development strategy for this sector was adopted 
in 2019. One of its aims is to promote fair access to digital services for all citizens.  
5.41.  With regard to e -commerce, a single window for cross -border operations was created to 
facilitate trade. A legal framework has been established for electronic transactio ns, cybersecurity, 
personal data privacy and the fight against cybercrime.  
5.42.  All these instruments aim to foster trade facilitation and contribute to the improvement of the 
business climate.  
5.43.  As part of the implementation of trade agreements, a national strategy was adopted for the 
implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area.  
5.44.  Likewise, the Republic of the Congo, eligible for AGOA, adopted a national strategy for the 
period 2021 -25. 
5.45.  On trade facilitation, a roadmap was adopted in 202 2 which provides a framework for a 
national trade facilitation reform programme over a five -year period (2023 -27) and includes a single 
vision, supported by logically adopted objectives and activities.  In addition, a draft decree is being 
prepared to forma lize the National Trade Facilitation Committee (NTFC).  
5.46.  Pending the establishment of a formal mechanism for the notification, monitoring and 
elimination of non -tariff barriers, a national focal point has been appointed to register declarations 
of specific b arriers to trade and possibly lodge complaints on behalf of complainants.  
5.47.  Concerning approaches to sanitary and phytosanitary measures and quality, two laws were 
enacted in 2015, one of which establishes the Congolese Standardization and Quality Agency 
(ACONOQ).  
5.48.  With regard to competition and consumer protection, three draft laws on competition, the 
National Competition Authority, and the National Consumer Protection Commission have been 
prepared by the Government and are in the process of validation by Par liament.  
5.49.  In the area of investment, the Investment Charter established by the Law of 18  January  2003 
is set to be revised, to bring it into line with community texts.  
5.50.  Lastly, with regard to intellectual property, an Intellectual Property Office was established by 
the Law of 16  August  2022.  
5.51.  In light of the above, Congo requests its development partners to provide meaningful support 
through both Aid for Trade and the Organization's technical assistance and capacity building 
programmes.  
5.52.  Congo supports t he efforts made by the Director -General, Dr  Ngozi  Okonjo -Iweala, and her 
team to breathe new life into our Organization. Her dynamism and personal involvement in the work 
of the 12th Ministerial Conference led to the adoption of, inter alia, the Agreement on Fisheries 
Subsidies, for which the ratification process is under way in my country, and the declaration on WTO 
reform.  
5.53.  Such reform is necessary and essential to revitalize our Organization. It requires patience, 
determination and the engagement of all M embers.  
5.54.  In this regard, the Congolese Government shows much willing, and is committed to advancing 
all the work dedicated to this important reform together.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  5.55.  In conclusion, Congo appreciates the efforts made by Members to find ideal solutions to the 
multidi mensional crisis facing the WTO, including the unblocking of the Dispute Settlement Body and 
the consideration of the development dimension in the ongoing negotiations, in accordance with the 
principles and rules that govern us.  
5.56.  In this context, we urge Me mbers to become more involved in reaching a consensus in 
Abu Dhabi at the 13th Ministerial Conference.  
5.57.  I cannot conclude my statement without expressing my appreciation to the WTO Secretariat; 
as well as to all the brilliant officers of the various divisio ns that have supported us in preparing for 
this review.  
GABON ( H.E. MS PATRICIA DJIPANO ) 
5.58.  I am pleased, as Minister of Commerce of the Gabonese Republic, to take the floor on the 
occasion of this review of the trade regulations of the States of the Central African Economic and 
Monetary Community (CEMAC) that are Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO), on behalf 
of H.E. General Brice  Clotaire  Oligui  Nguema, Transitional President, Head of State, to express our 
thanks to the Chair of the Session , H.E.  Mr Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel, Ambassador of the Kingdom 
of Saudi  Arabia, for his kind introduction.  
5.59.  Our thanks also go to H.E.  Ms Dwarka -Canabady, Ambassador of Mauritius, for having agreed 
to be the discussant for this session.  
5.60.  I would like to convey  all of Gabon's gratitude to the WTO Secretariat and the experts from 
the Trade  Policy Review Division for their efforts to assist our  member  States and the CEMAC 
Commission throughout the technical preparations leading to the holding of this second joint review 
of the trade policies of the CEMAC member States.  
5.61.  Since the previous Trade Policy Review in 2013, Gabon has continued its efforts to implement 
an economic reform programme through the adoption of the Economic Recovery Plan (PRE) in 2017 
and the Tran sformation Acceleration Plan (PAT) in 2020, all with a view to modernizing and 
diversifying its economy.  
5.62.  Furthermore, in pursuance of its international commitments, in 2008 my country started a 
process of renegotiation of its tariff concessions, in accorda nce with Article  XXVIII of the GATT  1994. 
This process was concluded on 22  May 2017.  
5.63.  This trade policy review is an opportunity for Gabon to also highlight the significant efforts 
undertaken over a decade, including to promote investment and improve proced ures for the 
implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement.  
5.64.  In terms of good governance, Gabon rejoined the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative 
(EITI) in 2021 and in April  2023 published the 2021 Country Report, to illustrate transparency in  the 
management of oil and mining revenues.  
5.65.  The forestry sector is experiencing significant development through the continuation of the 
Wood Industry Industrialization Programme.  
5.66.  The agricultural sector has grown strongly over the past 10 years, with a cum ulative weight 
of agriculture, livestock, and fisheries of 6.4% of national GDP in 2019, accounting for around 20% 
of the country's employment, 50% of which is in the palm oil subsector.  
5.67.  The fisheries and aquaculture sector is no different, especially with  the continuation of reforms 
under the Blue Gabon programme and most recently in July  2023, with the depositing of the 
instrument of acceptance for the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies.  
5.68.  The tourism and environment sector has added the ecotourism option  and implemented the 
national biodiversity strategy.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  5.69.  The transport sector is growing rapidly thanks to the development and construction 
programme for new road and port infrastructure.  
5.70.  I would like to take this opportunity to seek targeted technical assista nce in line with my 
country's economic and industrial development objectives, including for projects related to the 
national technical assistance programme under the Trade Facilitation Agreement, notifications, and 
capacity building.  
5.71.  My country knows that it can rely on the unwavering support of the multilateral trading system 
to make its trade policy an important and indispensable catalyst for its economy.  
5.72.  While thanking all member States for the concerns raised, I would like to recall that the 
country rep ort and the written replies have taken these into account. However, we are open to 
furthering certain exchanges bilaterally. Thank you.  
CAMEROON  (H.E. MR SALOMON  EHETH)  
5.73.  From the outset, Cameroon aligns itself with the exhaustive and relevant Declaration, j ust 
delivered by the Minister of State for Commerce of the Republic of Congo, on behalf of the CEMAC 
countries . Meanwhile at the request of Mr  Luc Magloire  Mbarga  Atangana , Minister of Commerce of 
the Republic of Cameroon, who was unable to take part perso nally, in the work of this session of the 
Trade Policy Review of CEMAC Member countries, for State reasons, I would like to make some 
observations in my national capacity.  
5.74.  First on board, the Minister instructed me, to thank and congratulate the Director -General, 
Dr Ngozi  Okonjo -Iweala , for the dynamism with which, she leads our Organization and to reassure 
her, of Cameroon's constant support in her noble mission.  
5.75.  These than ks, also go to the President of the Trade Policy Review Body at the WTO, 
Ambassador Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel , for his kind words towards the CEMAC countries in general 
and Cameroon in particular, and for the excellent way in which he conducts this group Review. 
5.76.  Our appreciation also goes, to the discussant of this review, Mrs  Usha Dwarka -Canabady , 
Ambassador of Mauritius to UN and to WTO, for the quality of her Report.  
5.77.  These thanks also go to all the delegations present here, who were kind enough to take the  
floor to testify to the remarkable progress of the CEMAC countries, and also for their constructive 
advice with a view to revitalizing our economies in general, and that of Cameroon in particular. My 
delegation is very sensitive to their messages of encou ragement and support and takes note of 
them.  
5.78.  I therefore return to you, in its entirety, the message from Minister 
Luc Magloire  Mbarga  Atangana , I quote:  
5.79.  "Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, as you may know, this joint review of CEMAC member 
countries is t aking place in a difficult context, marked by the growing increase in food insecurity and 
hunger in our countries owing, inter alia, to the numerous obstacles to international trade and, often 
for various unclear purposes, restrictions on exports by some m ajor players, unilateralism, 
protectionism and more, in flagrant violation of the fundamental principles of our Organization.  
5.80.  This situation has disrupted global supply chains and, as a result of the high dependence of 
our States on the international marke t, has led to a decline in the economic and trade performance 
of the CEMAC zone countries, with a corollary of worsening poverty that could lead to all kinds of 
social upheavals and even the destabilization of institutions.  
5.81.  As far as my country, Cameroon, is concerned, each new day continues to be a challenge for 
consumers who have to confront rampant inflation and a shortage of essential consumer products 
because of this unstructured and lacklustre global trade environment.  
5.82.  In terms of exports, Cameroon al so faces numerous market access constraints and price 
volatility for its main export products. This includes technical regulations, sanitary and phytosanitary WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  measures, environmental protection measures and all other barriers imposed by States. Most of the  
time, all these obstacles constitute unnecessary barriers to trade and promote disguised 
protectionism.  
5.83.  We take this opportunity to clarify that certain trade policy measures taken by Cameroon, 
which have been the subject of questions and/or concerns from  some delegations from friendly 
countries in this room and elsewhere, are in fact only exceptional and contingency survival and 
resilience measures intended to address the serious multilateral trade crisis that we are 
experiencing.  
5.84.  In the face of this cris is, the question that both laypersons and experts are asking is how the 
WTO intends to address these trade challenges.  
5.85.  This raises the whole issue of WTO reform. I am confident that the retreat announced for next 
week, on 25 -26 September  2023, on WTO refor m focused on trade and industrial policy, will provide 
us with possible solutions. My delegation is of the view that the challenges here are ensuring the 
effective implementation of the Organization's core functions, which currently appear to be 
paralysed,  namely, negotiation, the administration of Agreements and the settlement of disputes, 
and achieving the objectives set out in the Preamble to the Marrakesh Agreement.  
5.86.  Cameroon, which has important assets in the area of trade, in terms of natural resources , 
agro-ecological areas, the diversification of economic sectors, young and skilled labour, a strategic 
position in the heart of Africa and political stability, remains committed to the ideals of open, 
rules-based and development -oriented multilateral trad e. 
5.87.  It is in this regard that Cameroon has continuously opened up its trade and economic sectors, 
first through autonomous liberalization in the 1990s, in the context of the Structural Adjustment 
Policies, followed by liberalization under the WTO since 1995  and, today, all -out liberalization under 
the various trade agreements signed within CEMAC, ECCAS and the African Continental Free Trade 
Area in relation to Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, on the one hand, and the Economic Partnership 
Agreement with the E uropean  Union , the AGOA, which Cameroon is aiming to re -join soon, and 
many other partners, on the other hand.  
5.88.  All of these agreements open the Cameroonian market to imports from various backgrounds, 
as well as offering multiple opportunities for Camerooni an products to enter a large market estimated 
to amount to more than 2  billion consumers.  
5.89.  Cameroon, which is preparing to host the WTO's 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14), is 
determined to continue its positive momentum in liberalizing its economy and trade, while working 
with the countries of the CEMAC zone and its multilateral partners to take full advantage of the 
recommendations of this WT O Trade Policy Review of CEMAC.  
5.90.  It is my pleasure to announce that Cameroon has already started the process of ratifying the 
Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, and it intends to participate constructively in the meeting of 
High-Level Officials here in Genev a next month.  
5.91.  Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, I would like to reiterate Cameroon's unwavering 
commitment to strengthening the trade multilateralism embodied by the WTO". End of quotation.  
5.92.  Chair, some Members wished to seek clarification on the reports produced by the Secretariat 
and the CEMAC member countries by posing specific questions to Cameroon.  
5.93.  On the issue of restrictions on transfers of foreign earnings and foreign exchange controls, 
Cameroon is implementing the CEMAC Community Regulations, in p articular Regulation 
No. 2/18/CEMAC/UMAC/CM regulating foreign exchange in CEMAC.  The purpose of this Regulation 
is to combat the flight of capital, minimize the unjustified outflow of hard currency and maximize 
the inflow of foreign currency from illegal activities, in a context marked by the weakness of foreign 
exchange reserves. The restrictions imposed in this connection concern foreign exchange outflow 
being subject to the presentation of a number of documents and the settlement of previous 
transaction s, the capping and the requirement of supporting documents for expenditure outside the 
CEMAC zone, and the daily capping of outward transfers through specialized agencies.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  5.94.  Regarding the issue of public information on investment authorization requirements, I note 
that all investment requirements are made publicly available through specialized agencies, such as 
the Investment Promotion Agency and the Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion Agency.  
5.95.  With regard to the concerns on the impact of the import substit ution policy, it is important to 
note that this policy is already bringing positive results to some sectors, such as the agricultural 
sector, the concrete reinforcing bar industry in which there are no longer any imports, the oilseed 
industry, which has go ne having from 8 businesses in 2014 to 18 today, and the cement industry, 
which has gone from having 2 companies in 2012 to 7 in 2023.  
5.96.  With regard to the progress made by Cameroon in implementing the AfCFTA, our country has 
begun to adopt an AfCFTA impleme ntation strategy, which is the reference point for its public policy 
on the issue. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of this important tool by the private sector, 
including through awareness -raising activities. In order to benefit from the free trad e area, 
Cameroon is working to simplify export procedures, with a view to facilitating intra -AfCFTA trade. 
Cameroon is also focusing on boosting the production system, with a view to addressing imports 
and benefiting from market access through value -added products.  
5.97.  It should be noted that promoting exports of locally processed products is one of the pillars 
of Cameroon's foreign trade policy, which is based on the structural transformation of the national 
economy, the background to Cameroon's economic polic y, which recommends that exports of 
processed products be developed instead of exports of primary products. To date, in some sectors 
such as cocoa, there have been rapid changes in local processing.  
5.98.  Taking stock of the 10  years of implementation of the Law  on Private Investment Incentives, 
it should be noted that more than 100 businesses have been approved under the incentive regime 
of the 2013 Law. Assessment of this policy shows that it has attracted more than CFAF  1,000  billion 
in investment, 15,000 dire ct jobs and 72,847,301,593  CFAF of tax revenue. This is in addition to 
technology transfers and vocational training.  
5.99.  The Cameroonian strategy for migration of the informal sector to the formal sector, for its 
part, has undergone positive developments throu gh the establishment of the Business Creation 
Formality Centre, whose objective is to facilitate administrative procedures for business creation, 
within a period of 72  hours, while reducing the costs involved. This strategy has been particularly 
successful  in terms of the number of SMEs, economic and social units, and artisans registered in 
recent years.  
5.100.   With regard to the export strategy and the results achieved, the actions taken relate to the 
identification and research of target markets, the collection and dissemination of trade information, 
the training of actors, the trade relationship between Cameroonian exporters and potential foreign 
importers, direct support for exporting or export -oriented enterprises through assistance and advice, 
presence in for eign markets, the establishment of a stimulating environment for exports, and 
economic diplomacy through the mobilization of our network of Embassies for the positioning of 
products.  
5.101.   In recent years, Cameroon has also found niche markets, such as products protected by 
geographical indications, including Penja pepper and the fine, brick -red cocoa produced in Cameroon 
and highly sought after by chocolatiers since Cameroon's inclusion, last June, in the highly selective 
list of countries producing fine cocoa.  
5.102.   With regard to trade facilitation through digitalization, all export procedures are now 
paperless.  
5.103.   Thank you for your kind attention.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC2 
5.104.   It is an honour for me on behalf of the Central African Republic  to congratulate this WTO 
Body for organizing this second group Trade Policy Review of the CEMAC States that are Members 
of the WTO.  
5.105.   This Review clearly demonstrates CEMAC's willingness to build a vast and dynamic market 
to best address the specific chall enges of regional integration and of opening up to the rest of the 
world in accordance with our international commitments.  
5.106.   I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to my fellow ministers, the CEMAC Commission 
and all our experts for their positive contri butions throughout this process, paving the way for the 
completion of this important working document.  
5.107.   I would also like to thank all the members of the WTO Secretariat for their advice and support 
in the preparation of the document that is the subject of  this Review.  
5.108.   Since CEMAC's last Trade Policy Review in Brazzaville, Congo, in 2013, the 
Central  African  Republic has set about implementing certain structural reforms, which have enabled 
our economy to make considerable gains. The reforms include the enac tment of Law No.  16.006 of 
30 December  2016 on the Commercial Code in the Central African Republic, which has strengthened 
provisions on the liberalization of the country's economy and the liberalization of the sugar sector, 
to name just one example of eff orts to improve governance in various sectors of activity and public 
finances.  
5.109.   The Central African Republic is also engaged in a vast programme of framework projects in 
the fields of  transport infrastructure, energy, health and telecommunications, designed  to boost the 
national economy.  
5.110.   Unfortunately, these efforts have been hampered by the impact of the health crisis caused 
by the COVID -19 pandemic and the repercussions of the war in Ukraine, from which not even the 
Congolese economy was spared.  
5.111.   The Gover nment reached an agreement on an Extended Credit Facility with the International 
Monetary Fund, allowing the Central African Republic to revitalize economic activity.  
5.112.   Despite the volatile economic conditions, the Government is building on these encouraging  
results and pursuing and completing the various reforms started with a view to setting the economy 
of the Central African Republic on the path to lasting growth.  
5.113.   To that end, improving the business climate remains the Government's central concern. 
A numbe r of reforms have been undertaken, including creating the single window for business 
formalities, dismantling illegal barriers, etc.  
5.114.   The Central African Republic supports the efforts of Director -General Dr  Ngozi  Okonjo -Iweala 
to breathe new life into the Organization.  
5.115.   Her dynamism and personal involvement in the work of the Twelfth Ministerial Conference 
led to the adoption of a policy package, including the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, the 
ratification process for which is underway in my country, as  well as the Ministerial Statement on 
WTO Reform.  
5.116.   In closing, the Central African Republic appreciates Members' efforts to find solutions to the 
multidimensional crisis that the WTO is facing.  
 
2 Only written statement , provided after the meeting.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  DISCUSSANT  
5.117.   I have taken great pleasure in participating in this  Trade Policy Review of CEMAC countries. 
The country review is an honest conversation between our brothers and sisters from the continent, 
as well as a dialogue with other friends and WTO Members who have put forward strong suggestions 
based on their own e xperience. This is all the more important given that CEMAC is a regional 
organization that deserves our full attention.  
5.118.   A strong CEMAC can only enhance the strength of the African Union and the robustness of 
the African Continental Free Trade Area.  
5.119.   All tho se who took the floor on Wednesday provided guidance on areas where integration 
efforts need to be made, as well as areas requiring reforms to improve the trade policy of CEMAC 
countries with a view to achieving a better contribution to national economic p erformance.  
5.120.   There are areas that you have identified as requiring technical assistance.  
5.121.   A subject that has come up frequently is the search for the quality of goods and services, 
which we all commit to guaranteeing, particularly in terms of standardization . Indeed, we must not 
only export quality products, but also import them to meet the needs of our people and ensure that 
they are entitled to good quality products. There is therefore a need to find the support needed to 
move forward in this regard. Not to  mention, it is always useful to notify the WTO of the progress 
made, especially the establishment of standards and regulations.  
5.122.   We note the efforts made to diversify the economy and reduce commodity dependence.  
5.123.   We have also seen an improvement in the manu facturing and services sectors, as well as 
the implementation of several projects to improve infrastructure. We congratulate you.  
5.124.   We have not talked much about female entrepreneurs, but Africa has always had a culture 
of female entrepreneurs. We can theref ore only encourage CEMAC countries to pay particular 
attention to them by taking full advantage of the SheTrades platform established by the International 
Trade Centre.  
5.125.   Let me conclude by welcoming all of the efforts made by your countries to enable CEMAC to 
become an example of regional integration and congratulating you on this Trade Policy Review.  
CHAD  
5.126.   Chair, following the intervention by the Minister of Trade and Industry of Chad, the 
delegation of Chad thanks the Members that have asked us specific questions, particularly on the 
Customs Valuation Agreement, the electronic customs system, the trade and investment regime, 
anti-dumping measures, cotton and notificati ons under the Trade Facilitation Agreement; in that 
connection, I thank the delegations of China, the United  Kingdom, Colombia, the United  States, 
Japan and others.  
5.127.   We have responded to these specific questions addressed to Chad in writing, and are 
prepare d to provide further clarification on the specific questions addressed to Chad. However, on 
behalf of the delegation of Chad, I would like to respond to the concern expressed by the 
United  States on cotton. You will be aware that cotton is an important str ategic sector for our 
economies, which accounts for over 40% of export revenue and up to 70% of agricultural export 
income; these figures demonstrate the weight and importance of trade in cotton for our countries.  
5.128.   The CEMAC countries are working together t o increase the yield and build the capacities of 
producers. In the Secretariat reports, you have made specific reference to the 
Central  African  Republic, Cameroon, and Chad, which are cotton producers; we do have constraints 
on integration into value chain s to increase added value and cotton -processing levels in general. 
This work is being carried out and we hope to achieve these results.  
5.129.   The United  States asked a question on the varied positions of CEMAC countries on cotton. 
The delegation of Chad responds  by simply saying that, in terms of position or positioning on issues WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  related to trade developments in the cotton sector, there is no divergent position; on the contrary, 
in trade negotiations, the CEMAC member countries support the position of the C4 grou p, which is 
also the position of the African Group and the least -developed countries (LDC) group. There is 
therefore no divergence at this level and we can reassure the United  States  delegation that there is 
only one position: the position of the C4, which  has universal support, including from a large number 
of developing and developed countries.  
5.130.   This position is based on the Hong  Kong Ministerial Decision, which gave WTO Members a 
mandate to address the cotton issue ambitiously, expeditiously and specifica lly within the framework 
of the agriculture negotiations, with a view to finding a negotiated solution to eliminate all forms of 
subsidies and domestic support that distort the international cotton market; the C4, including the 
four CEMAC members currently  ensuring coordination, will soon put on the table a proposal for a 
draft decision on cotton and on the flexibility of WTO Members to negotiate specific modalities for 
capping and phasing out all forms of trade -distorting support in the cotton sector.  
5.131.   We n eed clearly defined modalities and limits on the overall measurement of support for 
cotton, with implementation periods. We also need provisions to ensure that Green Box support has 
a zero or minimal effect on the distortions in the cotton production and e xport market.  
5.132.   I recall that, at the 15th Trade Policy Review of the United  States, we welcomed the 
transparency exercise with respect to notifications to the WTO, including the latest notifications on 
cotton. In these notifications, it is clear that, in te rms of the figure, USD  1.5 billion in cotton support 
was provided by the United  States for the 2020 -21 season. As a percentage, this is 18.5% of the 
value of production.  
5.133.   It is clear that there is a problem and it is these imbalances -that we want to correct . We must 
be able to compete in an undistorted market that respects WTO rules. Our producers are working 
hard and if you put your product on the market and you cannot sell or sell at a loss, there is a risk 
that these producers may abandon that crop, which  would have dramatic consequences for the 
economies of our countries.  
5.134.   We believe that we are in a process of flexibility; for us, it is no longer the time for general 
statements, but for productive engagement in substantive discussions on the issue of cott on, and 
this belief forms the basis for our commitment and our determination to continue the negotiations 
in the WTO. We remain open to any initiatives that might help to find an acceptable solution to the 
cotton issue.  
5.135.   We hope that with our partners, part icularly the United  States, we will achieve a successful 
outcome by MC13, thereby avoiding serious harm to the competitiveness of our cotton sectors and 
the living conditions of millions of African producers.  
5.136.   As regards the strategy for the cotton -textiles -clothing subsector, this is also an issue that 
has been addressed in Chad; suffice it to say that the results are expected because the funding 
remains to be mobilized for implementation of the strategy in the cotton -textiles -clothing subsector. 
As you are  aware, Chair, textile industries are energy -intensive and this energy issue would need to 
be addressed; we therefore need strong support at that level to enable us to effectively establish 
textile industries that can be harnessed to develop the sector.  
5.137.   To the last question, on the development component of the cotton sector. Here too, the 
United  States  has posed a number of questions and we would like to respond by simply stating that, 
with respect to the issue of development and projects at the bilateral a nd multilateral levels, our 
countries support the implementation of the Cotton Roadmap Project, which is aimed at improving 
the yield of cotton production in beneficiary countries, and at developing the added value of cotton 
through local processing and of  cotton products and by -products, on the basis of approved quality 
standards. Cameroon and Chad have also submitted drafts on this subject, we hope that our 
technical and financial partners will be able to support us with the operationalization of these dr afts 
submitted by Chad and Cameroon.  
5.138.   Chair, Chad is prepared to answer any other questions as well, if necessary. Thank you very 
much.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  UNITED  STATES  
5.139.   First of all, let me express our appreciation for the constructive engagement and the broad 
and high -level delegation that has been here in Geneva for the last couple of days for this TPR. I  also 
wanted to thank Ambassador Usha Dwarka -Canabady for her comments and remarks and her 
insightful and constructive approach as discussant.  
5.140.   I will not go into the details  of the points brought up by Chad, but we do look forward to 
reviewing those responses and not just in the cotton area, but also in custom procedures and 
intellectual property rights and generally in agricultural trade, and also on your challenges with 
regards to notifications and how we can work to improve those statistics.  
5.141.   We remain committed to engaging with CEMAC and its member states on addressing the 
challenges and better integration into the global trading system. I just want to take a moment to 
highlight some of the ways we are supporting African integration into the global economy. At the 
US-Africa business forum held in Washington a few months ago, President Biden announced 
USD 15 billion in two -way trade and investment commitments - deals and par tnerships that advance 
key priorities, including sustainable energy, health systems, agri -business , digital connectivity, 
infrastructure, and finance.  
5.142.   Since the Biden -Harris administration has come into position, they have invested and plan 
to invest more  than USD  1 billion in trade and investment and economic development in Africa. Of 
these, let me just highlight a couple of items relevant to CEMAC members. The Development Finance 
Corporation is committing up to USD  40 million in equity investment in Afri ca Renewable Energy 
Fund II, managed by Berkeley Partners. The fund will dedicate capital to medium -sized renewable 
energy projects across sub -Saharan Africa, increasing access to clean electricity.  
5.143.   The fund will invest in projects at both development and construction stages, with a 
geographic focus on Angola, Cameroon, Kenya, Madagascar, and Malawi. This investment advances 
DFC priorities, including increasing access to reliable and clean energy and creating jobs in low - and 
middle -income countries. A powe rful combination of American ICT capabilities has assembled to 
embrace Africa's multiple digital opportunities and challenges, leveraging the best U.S. technology 
with insights and customization from the African -American diaspora. Cybastion, a diaspora -owned 
security firm and Cisco  Systems partnering  is facilitating 10 major cybersecurity export contracts 
across Africa, including in Congo, Benin, Cameroon, and other countries. This is an investment 
totalling USD  858 million.  
5.144.   I don't want to get  into more lists of projects that have been provided by my capital, but all 
this to say that U.S. Government and U.S. companies continue to work with your member countries 
and hope we can expand these relationships.  
5.145.   Let me also take the final moments of my  time here to congratulate Cameroon on being 
selected as the host of the 14th WTO Ministerial Conference. We wish you every success.  
EUROPEAN UNION  
5.146.   The European  Union thanks the CEMAC delegations for the presentation of their trade policy 
on Wednesday. A t opic that has been raised during discussions is investment in CEMAC countries.  
5.147.   In this regard, the European  Union would like to mention investments in support of 
sustainable projects, infrastructure and connectivity, funded under its Global Gateway strateg y. The 
Global Gateway strategy is the EU's contribution to reducing the global investment gap. Projects 
selected in CEMAC countries include fibre optic networks, port facilities, hydroelectric power and the 
consolidation of intra -community strategic corrid ors in transport and logistics.  
5.148.   The European  Union would also like to thank the CEMAC  countries for their replies to the 
questions we asked. They have provided useful insights for better understanding the current 
situation with regard to trade policy in the CEMAC  region and in each of its member States. 
Generally, the EU is satisfied with the clarifications received. We hope to receive responses to the 
few questions to which we have not received them so far.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  5.149.   In conclusion, the European  Union reiterates its appreciation for this important transparency 
exercise and for the strong commitment t o the WTO that CEMAC countries have shown during this 
Trade Policy Review.  
5.150.   Thank you for your attention.  
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC  
5.151.   In the absence of the Minister of Trade, on behalf of the Government of the 
Central  African  Republic , I would like to congratu late the WTO on the organization of this second 
Trade Policy Review of the CEMAC countries that are WTO Members.  
5.152.   The Central African delegation would also like to express its sincere thanks to all CEMAC 
ministers, as well as all experts for their positive contributions throughout this process that have 
made it possible to finalize this important working document.  
5.153.   The Central  African  Republic  received several questions from WTO Members, including 
Argentina, Japan, China, and the European  Union.  
5.154.   I would like to take this opportunity to reassure States that they will receive written 
responses from Monday via the WTO Secretariat.  
EQUATORIAL GUINEA  
5.155.   Although the Republic of Equatorial Guinea is not yet a full member of the WTO, we believe 
that this is the perfect time to be involved more than ever in matters relating to the WTO and its 
mission. At a time when our country is once again pushing ahead with the arduous task of WTO 
accession, support and insight from our peers will be important.  
5.156.   Trade policy mon itoring by the WTO makes it possible to verify whether Members are 
complying with their WTO obligations and is therefore an activity of particular importance in terms 
of furthering the Organization's objectives, ensuring respect for its principles and enab ling it to 
exercise its specific function.  
5.157.   I would like to inform you that the Republic of Equatorial Guinea deposited its Memorandum 
on the Foreign Trade Regime (MFTR) with the WTO on 2  December  2022; this is the key requirement 
for undertaking accession negotiations. Since then, we have received questions from WTO Members 
such as Canada, the European  Union and the United  States on our foreign trade regime. For this 
reason, a national workshop on the accession of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea was held with 
WTO experts in Malabo from 15 to 17  August this year. The experts trained local stakeholders on 
how to respond to Members' questions and what documentation was required for accession, and 
discussed the development of a tentative roadmap outlining the steps to take next.  
5.158.   Accession to the WTO is a strategic move for the Republic of Equatorial  Guinea and falls 
under the objectives set out in our 2035 Development Agenda. Therefore, mindful of the challenges 
that WTO accession can present, our Government is  ready to pursue and achieve our objective of 
acceding to the Organization.  
5.159.   Before closing my brief statement, I would once again like to thank the Honourable 
Director -General of the WTO for her invitation and the opportunity she has given our country to 
gradually get familiarized with the WTO and its role. Likewise, I extend my thanks to the CEMAC 
Commission for its ongoing support to the Republic of Equatorial  Guinea in our accession process, 
enabling us to learn and gain experience from the CEMAC countri es that are already Members of the 
WTO, since, of the six countries constituting the Community, only the Republic of Equatorial  Guinea 
is not a Member of the WTO.  
5.160.   We commend the WTO's coordination efforts, led by our dear colleague H.E.  Ambassador 
Salomon  Eheth, whose dynamism we very much appreciate, and would like to thank Cameroon for 
agreeing to organize the Fourteenth WTO Ministerial Conference.  
  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMA C 
 
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  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
6.1.  The second joint Trade Policy Review of the Central African Economic  and Monetary Community 
(CEMAC) countries, Members of the WTO, has offered us a good opportunity to deepen our 
understanding of their trade -related policies and practices, and to assess their main developments 
since their last Review in 2013.  
6.2.  I would like to thank the five CEMAC countries under review, mainly their heads of delegations, 
H.E. Mr Alphonse  N'Silou, Minister of Trade, Supply and Consumption (Congo), 
H.E. Ms Robertine  Walendom , Minister of Industry and Commerce (Chad), H.E.  Ms Patricia  Djipano , 
Minister of Commerce (Gabon), H.E.  Dr Salomon  Eheth, Ambassador and Permanent Representative 
of Cameroon, and Mr  Firmin  Mokoue , Chargé d'Affaires  a.i. (Central  African  Republic), for their 
participation in this meeting and for their remarkable engagement t hroughout this Trade Policy 
Review process. I would also like to thank H.E.  Ambassador  Usha Dwarka -Canabady , Permanent 
Representative of Mauritius to the WTO, for her insightful comments as discussant, and all the 
18 delegations who took the floor during this meeting.  
6.3.  Members commended CEMAC countries on their economic reforms that have helped them to 
start recovering promptly from the negative effects of the C OVID -19 pandemic. Also, Members 
commended the CEMAC countries for its success to maintain low inflation and trade surpluses despite 
various exogenous shocks such as the Ukraine -Russia n Federation  conflict and high volatility of 
commodities prices. Many Mem bers underscored the economic potential of the countries and 
highlighted that, with more expedited reforms, the CEMAC countries could further diversify their 
economies, strengthen their resilience to external shocks and enhance their economic performance. 
improving areas such as business environment and infrastructure; promoting micro, small and 
medium -sized enterprises (MSME) by improving financial accountability and public expenditure 
management; empowering youth and women; and building an environmentally -sustainable 
economy. Some Members highlighted that further adherence to WTO principles would enhance the 
predictability of the trade regimes of CEMAC countries and help attract the foreign direct investment 
needed for their reforms.  
6.4.  Members praised the fi ve CEMAC countries for their active participation in the multilateral 
trading system, including their contributions to the MC12 outcomes, to the work of different 
committees of the WTO, and to the ongoing negotiations and discussions on WTO reforms. The 
issues related to cotton and textile were also highlighted as a matter of interest to the CEMAC 
countries. A number of Members appreciated the constructive role of the countries in the Joint 
Statement Initiatives . Members were interested in CEMAC countries' plans to clear their outstanding 
notifications. They invited the countries to submit their technical assistance needs in this regard, as 
well as in other areas. Members applauded Gabon's ratification of the Agreement on Fisheries 
Subsidies and sought infor mation regarding the other four countries' plan to accept the Agreement. 
Members also showed interest in the accession process of Equatorial Guinea and offered support to 
the country in this process.  
6.5.  Members noted that, in addition to CEMAC, the five  count ries were also participating in, 
inter alia, the Economic Community of Central African States and the African Continental Free Trade 
Area. Members showed interest on having more information about the countries' plan to develop 
their inter -regional trade wi th a view to further integrating into global trade.  
6.6.  Members appreciated CEMAC countries' trade -related reforms, including customs 
modernization reforms (in particular, implementation of their commitments under the 
WTO Trade  Facilitation Agreement); adoptio n of a revised CEMAC Customs Code and of a revised 
Competition Act; and reduction of the maximum standard VAT rate to 15% with reduced rates on 
selected commodities.  
6.7.  Members sought information about the planned tariff reforms, including steps to align appl ied 
tariff rates on the bound levels; the rationale for other fees and charges on imports; criteria and 
procedures used to exempt goods and services from VAT; plans to eliminate pre -shipment 
inspection; implementation of an interconnected system for goods in transit; and harmonization of 
SPS and TBT regimes. On intellectual property rights, Members inquired about the enforcement 
mechanism in place, including cooperation among CEMAC countries and steps taken in combatting 
counterfeit goods.  WT/TPR/M/445 • CEMAC  
 
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  6.8.  At the sectoral level, Members were interested in the countries' plans to further harmonize their 
policies on trade in services; to address the challenges faced by the manufacturing sector, which 
were impeding its integration into global economy, with a special interest i n sugar, cotton and textile 
industries.  
6.9.  In conclusion, the five CEMAC  countries have clearly demonstrated that they place a high value 
on the Trade Policy Review Mechanism and the multilateral trading system with their active 
engagement over this two -day meeting. I invite Members to assist the countries in their steps to 
address their economic reforms, including trade -related challenges.  
6.10.  Members look forward to receiving answers to any outstanding and follow -up questions within 
the customary one month, at which time this review will conclude.  
__________