1 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Implementing Regulations 
of the Commercial Courts Law 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*This is an unofficial translation done by 'Center of Legal Studies and Research'  provided for 
guidance. The governing text is the Arabic text .  
 2 
 Judicial Circular  
To all Departments of the Ministry  
His Excellency …  
Dear Sir  
With reference to the Ministry Circular no. 13/T/8088, dated 21/8/1441H, 
based on Royal Decree no. (M/93), dated 15/8/1441H, providing for approval of the 
Commercial Courts Law;  
And whereas our Resoluti on no. 8344, dated 26/10/1441H, was issued to approve 
the Implementing Regulations of the Commercial Courts Law;  
Therefore, I would recommend Your Excellency to peruse said Resolution and act 
accordingly. Please find enclosed herewith a copy of the Resolu tion and the 
Implementing Regulations referred to.  
 Please accept our most sincere regards.  
Minister of Justice  
Walid bin Mohammed Al -Samaani  
Classification : Statute, Lawsuit.  
CC: 
- The Supreme Judicial Council  - The Supreme Court  
- The Minister’s Office  - Office of HE the Deputy Minister  
- Office of HE the Deputy Minister for Judicial 
Affairs  - HE the Deputy Minister for Enforcement  
- HE the Deputy Minister for Notarization and 
Property Registration  - HE the Deputy Minister for Laws and 
International Cooperation  
- HE the Deputy Minister for Planning, 
Development and Information  - HE the Deputy Minister for Joint Services  
- The Minister’s Office Secretariat  - General Directorate of Information and 
Communication  
- Ministry Branches  - The Documents and Archives Center  
- Circulars Department (original)   
 3 
 Resolution no. 8344, dated 26/10/1441H  
The Minister of Justice:  
Pursuant to the powers vested in him by law, and upon perusal of Article 95 of the 
Commercial Courts Law promulgated by Royal Decree no. (M/93), dated 
15/8/1441H, which stipulates: “The Minister shall – in coordination with the Council 
– issue the regulations and the resolutions required to enforce the law. These 
regulations shall be published in the Official Gazette and shall enter into force after 
the publication thereof”; and upon perusal of the draft Implementing Regulations of 
the Commercial Courts Law submitted to us by HE the Chairman of the Committee 
formed by Resolution no. 7136, dated 2/6/1441H; and upon perusal of the 
Resolutions made by the Su preme Judicial Council and recorded in the minutes of 
its meeting no. 19 with regard to the provisions related to the competencies of the 
Council contained in the Commercial Courts Law; and after coordination with the 
Supreme Judicial Council;  
Has hereby d ecided as follows:  
I. To approve the Implementing Regulations of the Commercial Courts Law, 
in the form enclosed with this Resolution;  
II. This Resolution shall be communicated to the competent agencies and to 
any required person, for approval and for acting acco rdingly as of the date 
thereof.  
Minister of Justice                    
Walid bin Mohammed Al -Samaani  
  4 
 The Implementing Regulations of the Commercial Courts Law  
Part I: General Provisions  
Definitions  
Article 1  
In these Regulations, the following terms shal l have the meanings assigned 
thereto, unless the context requires otherwise:  
- Law : The Commercial Courts Law.  
- Regulations : The Implementing Regulations of the Law.  
- Council : The Supreme Judicial Council.  
- Court : The Commercial Court.  
- Ministry : The Ministry o f Justice.  
- Minister : The Minister of Justice.  
- Party/Parties: The party or parties to a lawsuit or claim.  
- Competent Department : The department concerned with a certain 
procedure, as the case may be.  
Chapter One: Common Provisions  
Effectiveness  
Article 2  
The provisions of Article 2 of the Law shall be implemented in the following 
order:  
a. The provision contained in an international agreement to which the Kingdom 
is party;  
b. The special procedural provision contained in the commercial laws and the 
regulations and rules associated therewith; and  
c. The provision contained in the Law and Regulations.  
 
Calculation of Time Limits  
Article 3  
Unless the court specifies a date for the expiration of the time limit, in cases 
where it may do so, the time limit shall expire on th e evening of the day specified 
for the expiration thereof, pursuant to the following:  
a. In electronic procedures: at 11:59 pm;  
b. In non -electronic procedures: With the end of the official working hours.  5 
  
Language  
Article 4  
The court may accept the translation provided by a party if not challenged by 
the other party.  
Article 5  
The parties may agree to conduct the preparation procedures stipulated in 
Paragraph (2) of Article 19 of the Law in a foreign language, provided that a certified 
Arabic language translation of all contents be submitted to the court.  
 
Criterion for Determining Original Claim  
Article 6  
The amount of the original claim stipulated in the Law and Regulations shall 
be determined on the basis of the original claimed amount stated in the statement of 
claim, with the exception of claims for court or attorney fees. In the event that the 
claim does not entail a financial amount, such as claims for annulment or return of 
sold item and the like, the claimed amount in respect of which the claim is filed shall 
be considered.  
Security  
Article 7  
1. In cases where no special provision is made, the security stipulated in the Law 
and Regulations shall be a cash deposit, bank guarantee, mortgage, or solvent 
guarantor.  
2. The circuit shall include in its judge ment in the lawsuit compensation or 
release of security, as the case may be.  
 
Special Agreement between the Parties  
Article 8  
In cases where the Law or Regulations refers to the agreement of the parties, 
said agreement shall only be taken into consideratio n if made in writing.  
Article 9  
In addition to any agreement stipulated in the Law and Regulations, the parties 
may agree on specific procedures for litigation and any issues related thereto, in 6 
 accordance with the provisions of Article 6 of the Law; this shall include agreement 
on any of the following:  
a. Number of memorandums;  
b. Service of process procedures;  
c. Time limits for submitting documents;  
d. Determining a specific expert or certain expertise procedures, including 
agreement to approve an expert’s opinion r egarding the technical issue subject 
of the expert’s assistance;  
e. Lawsuit hearing schedule;  
f. Shortening of any procedural periods stipulated in the Law or the Regulations, 
except for the periods related to the court. In cases where no special provision 
is made, the parties may not agree on a period exceeding the periods stipulated 
in the Law and Regulations.  
Article 10  
1. The agreement on specific procedures for litigation and any issues related 
thereto shall be invoked prior to the end of the first hearing, o r else the right 
to adhere thereto shall be forfeited.  
2. The court shall enforce the agreement if it meets the conditions stipulated in 
the Law and Regulations.  
 
Chapter Two: Court Composition  
First -Instance Circuits Consisting of a Single Judge  
 Article 11  
First-instance circuits in the court shall be composed of a single judge, 
pursuant to the following:  
1. Circuits that shall hear the following lawsuits:  
a. The lawsuits stipulated in Paragraphs (1) and (2) of Article 16 of the Law if 
the original claimed amou nt does not exceed 1,000,000 riyals; and  
b. The lawsuits filed pursuant to Paragraphs (8) and (9) of Article 16 of the law, 
regardless of the claimed amount therein, whenever they relate to one of the 
lawsuits stipulated in Paragraph 1 (a) of this Article.  
2. Circuits that shall consider the following petitions:  
a. Summary petitions pursuant to the provisions of Part VI of the Law; and  7 
 b. Petition for issuance of payment orders in accordance with the provisions of 
Part IX of the Law.  
 
Appellate Circuits Consisting of a Single Judge   
Article 12  
In addition to considering the objections stipulated in Article 80 of the Law, 
an appellate circuit of the court composed of a single judge shall hear the following:  
a. Objection to judgments, decisions and orders related to a petition to review or 
recover documents or a petition to prove the expiry of the purpose thereof; 
and 
b. Objection to the judgments rendered considering a lawsuit to have not been 
filed.  
Judicial Assistants  
Article 13  
Judicial assistants shall, in addition to  the duties assigned to them in the Law 
and Regulations, undertake the following tasks:  
a. Tasks related to registration, referral, and delivery of judgments;  
b. Service of process procedures;  
c. Supporting actions for hearing management;  
d. Procedures for exchanging memorandums;  
e. Management of hearing rooms;  
f. Management of specialized units;  
g. Management of the lawsuit and the case file;  
h. Drafting and preparation of all legal and technical documents related to court 
work;  
i. Preparation of reports required by the court;  
j. All tasks related to preparing the lawsuit; and  
k. Tasks related to integration with the competent agencies.  
 
 
 
 
 8 
 Chapter Three: Enablers of Court Work  
Private Sector’s Assistance  
Article 14  
Seeking the assistance of the private sector, in accordance with the provisions 
of Article 5 of the Law, shall be carried out by a decision issued by the Minister, 
provided that the following rules are observed:  
a. Meeting the statutory requirements for exercising the activity;  
b. Disclosure of any interests, even if they are pot ential;  
c. Availability of technical expertise and financial capabilities necessary 
to perform the work;  
d. Undertaking not to disclose any information to which access is made, 
even after work completion; and  
e. Compliance with the special technical conditions.  
Article 15  
Seeking the assistance of the private sector shall include the preparation phase 
prior to filing lawsuits.  
 
Specialized Departments and Units  
Article 16  
The competent department, including central departments, may be assigned 
to carry out any of th e procedures stated in Article 5 of the Law, and any other 
procedure stipulated in the Law or Regulations.  
Article 17  
Specialized units may be established to prepare for the consideration of 
disputes in accordance with the provisions of the Law and Regulat ions.  
 
Seeking the Opinion of Merchants by the Court  
Article 18  
The court may seek out the opinion of merchants for guidance pursuant to the 
following controls:  
a. The dispute has arisen between two merchants;  
b. The person whose opinion is sought for guidance exercises or practices the 
business activity subject of the dispute.  
c.  9 
 Article 19  
Unless the parties agree on the person whose opinion is to be sought for 
guidance, such person shall be selected pursuant to the order in the list prepared by 
the Ministry in coordination with the Council of Chambers of Commerce and 
Industry or the competent agencies related to commercial or investment activities.  
Article 20  
Whenever necessary, the person whose opinion is sought shall have access to 
case papers and documents.  
Article 21  
The person whose opinion is sought for guidance shall be subject to the 
obligations contained in Articles 148 and 149 of the Regulations.  
 
Technical Consultative Opinions  
Article 22  
The court may seek the opinion of specialists to clarify technic al issues in 
laws, international trade or investment agreements, and activities associated 
therewith.  
 
Chapter Four: Electronic Litigation  
General Provisions  
Article 23  
Electronic litigation procedures shall be carried out through the electronic 
systems ap proved by the Ministry.  
Article 24  
Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies may be used in electronic procedures; 
any procedure whose purpose was achieved by using such technology shall be 
excluded.  
Article 25  
A litigant’s denial of documents filed by his  adversary merely on grounds that 
they have been electronically submitted shall not be taken into account.  
Article 26  
The procedures for payment of the amounts stipulated in the Law and 
Regulations shall be carried out by electronic means.  
Article 27  10 
 1. In cases where no special provision is made, an electronic procedure shall be 
taken within the official working hours with regard to hearings and any 
procedure that requires hearing the statements of a party or persons required 
by the court. Hearings may b e held outside the official working hours upon 
the approval of the Council.  
2. In all cases, the local time of the Kingdom shall be taken into consideration.  
Article 28  
The signature stipulated in the Law and Regulations shall be fulfilled via the 
electronic  verification means approved by the Ministry.  
 
Remote Pleading  
Article  29 
Remote pleading means the use of electronic communication means between 
two or more parties to satisfy the appearance requirement.  
Article 30  
Remote pleading may be conducted in all cases and petitions that the court 
has the jurisdiction to consider by using remote communication means approved by 
the Ministry, without prejudice to the publicity of the hearings.  
 
Chapter Five: Jurisdiction  
Subject -Matter Jurisdiction  
Article 31  
Commerc ial courts shall have the jurisdiction to consider the lawsuits 
instituted against a merchant in commercial contract disputes if the original claimed 
amount in the lawsuit exceeds 500,000 riyals.  
 
Territorial Jurisdiction  
Article 32  
The Council may assign one or more commercial courts to have the 
jurisdiction to consider a specific type of case.  
 
 
 
 11 
 Deciding Jurisdiction -Related Defenses  
Article 33  
A motion for lack of territorial jurisdiction shall be forfeited if the party 
submits any petition, defense, or motion for dismissal at any stage of the 
proceedings, including during the preparation of the case.   
Article 34  
A judgement rendered in accordance with the provisions of Article 18 of the 
Law shall be referred to the competent department within a maximu m period of three 
days from the date of pronouncement thereof; an objection to same shall be filed 
with the appellate circuit within a period not exceeding the day following the filing 
date thereof.  
Article 35  
The provisions of Article 18 of the Law and Ar ticle 34 of the Regulations shall 
apply to deciding on motions for lack of subject -matter or territorial jurisdiction.  
 
Chapter Six: Non -hearing of a Lawsuit due to the Lapse of the Statutory 
Period  
Article 36  
If the claimed right arose prior to the entry into force of the Law, the period 
stipulated in Article 24 of the Law shall be calculated as of the date on which the 
Law enters into force.  
Article 37  
In cases where no special provision is made, the period stipulated in Article 
24 of the Law shall take e ffect from the day on which the debt becomes due for 
payment.  
 
Chapter Seven: Procedural Time Limits  
Article 38  
In cases where no special provision is made, the maximum period for deciding 
a case shall be as follows:  
a. 180 days in lawsuits brought before fir st-instance courts, except for small 
lawsuits;  
b. 20 days in objections to judgments for which appeal shall suffice without a 
hearing;  12 
 c. 90 days in objections to judgments for which appeal is not covered by 
Paragraph (b) of this Article.  
 
Chapter Eight: Service  of Process  
Service Address  
Article 39  
The address shall, pursuant to the provisions of Article 9 of the Law, be 
selected in writing.  
Article 40  
A legal person shall be deemed to have been notified by serving a notice to 
the person delegated to receive not ices at the commercial register.  
Article 41  
The provisions of Paragraph 1 (e) of Article 9 of the Law shall not apply in 
the two following cases:  
a. Discontinuance of the litigation; and  
b. Objection by a motion for reconsideration.  
Article 42  
The provisions of Paragraph 1 (f) of Article 9 of the Law shall not apply upon 
the lapse of five years from the date of the contract unless the parties agree otherwise.  
Service of Process Procedures  
Article 43  
The notice evidencing that notification has been delivered shall  include an 
indication of the capacity of the person to be served.  
Article 44  
In order to implement the provisions of Article 12 of the Law, the address of 
the person to be served shall be recorded in a document concluded between the two 
parties.  
Article 4 5 
A natural person shall be deemed to have not been notified in person if the 
notice is served to a person residing with him in the place of residence of the person 
to be served.  
 
 
 13 
 Chapter Nine: Right of Access  
Request for Obtaining or Reviewing a Document  
Article 46  
An application submitted pursuant to Article 46 of the Law shall include 
defining documents either per se or by their types, and their relationship to the 
commercial transaction or the lawsuit. If said application is related to a group of 
documents, the applicant shall classify same pursuant to their type.  
Article 47  
1. A person who maintains the confidentiality of a document in accordance with the 
provisions of Paragraph 1 (c) of Article 46 of the Law shall indicate the grounds for 
confidentiality.  
2. The confidentiality of a document shall – in the event of adherence thereto – be 
estimated by the court; the court shall observe the following in this regard:  
a. Whether confidentiality is established pursuant to a law or to a decision by the 
competent agency;  
b. Whether the agreement between the two parties provides for the 
confidentiality or non -confidentiality of the document; and  
c. Whether reviewing the document violates any right to the trade secret or any 
rights related thereto.  
 
Providing Pub lic Access to Commercial Lawsuit Data  
Article 48  
The request for access pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph (2) of Article 
13 of the Law shall be made via electronic means. No lawsuit data or documents 
may be published or circulated except in accordanc e with the provisions stipulated 
in the relevant laws and decisions.  
Article 49  
Access to the case papers shall include reviewing copies of the judgments and 
decisions issued therein.  
Article 50  
1. Certain papers or documents of a commercial lawsuit shall,  in accordance with 
the provisions of Paragraph (2) of Article 13 of the Law, be kept inaccessible 
pursuant to a request submitted by any of the parties or by a concerned party 
including grounds for the request. The court may – when necessary – decide on t he 14 
 confidentiality of the papers or documents on a temporary basis until the request is 
decided.  
2. The court shall decide the request for confidentiality by an unappealable decision; 
it may carry out the following in this regard:  
a. Decide that papers or documents be kept inaccessible to other than the 
court and the parties;  
b. Decide that papers or documents be accessed without circulation 
thereof; and  
c. Decide that papers or documents be kept inaccessible on a temporary 
basis.  
 
Chapter T en: Representation in Commercial Lawsuits  
Lawsuits and Petitions Filed by a Lawyer  
Article 51  
All lawsuits under the jurisdiction of the court and all petitions for appeal shall 
be filed by a lawyer, with the following exceptions:  
a. Lawsuits set out in Parag raphs (2), (8) and (9) of Article 16 of the Law;  
b. Small lawsuits stated in Paragraph (1) of Article 78 of the Law;  
c. Petitions for appeal of judgments, decisions and orders issued in the lawsuits 
set out in Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Article.  
Article 52  
A petition for reversal of judgement or motion for reconsideration shall be 
filed by a lawyer.  
 
Pleadings Made by a Lawyer  
Article 53  
Pleadings before first -instance and appellate circuits shall be made by a 
lawyer, in the following lawsuits:  
a. Lawsuits stipu lated in Paragraphs (1), (2), (8) and (9) of Article 16 of 
the Law in the event that the original claimed amount exceeds 
10,000,000 riyals;  
b. Lawsuits stipulated in Paragraphs (3), (4), (6) and (7) of Article 16 of 
the Law in the event that the original clai med amount exceeds 
2,000,000 riyals; and  15 
 c. Lawsuits stipulated in Paragraph (5) of Article 16 of the Law in the 
event that the lawsuit relates to a petition for initiating a financial 
reorganization procedure.  
Article 54  
In all cases, pleadings  and submission of any memorandums to the 
commercial circuit of the Supreme Court shall be made by a lawyer.  
 
Representation of a Legal Person  
Article 55  
As an exception to the provisions of Articles 51, 52, 53, and 54 of the 
Regulations, lawsuits, objecti ons and pleadings may be filed by representatives of 
administrative agencies and by employees of the legal departments of a private legal 
person if they are licensed by the Ministry.  
 
Effect of Breach of Representation  
Article 56  
No lawsuits or petitions filed in violation of the provisions of Articles 51 and 
52 of the Regulations shall be accepted.  
 
Chapter Eleven: Reconciliation and Mediation  
Article 57  
In cases where no special provision is made in the Law and Regulations, and 
unless the parties agree o n special procedures, any reconciliation and mediation in a 
commercial dispute shall be subject to the relevant provisions stipulated in the 
working rules and procedures for reconciliation offices.  
 
Lawsuits wherein Recourse to Reconciliation and Mediation  before 
Consideration is Required  
Article 58  
Recourse to reconciliation and mediation shall be required before filing any 
of the following lawsuits:  
a. The lawsuits stipulated in Paragraph (3) of Article 16 of the Law;  
b. The lawsuits stipulated in Paragraph (1 ) of Article 11 of the Regulations;  16 
 c. The lawsuits in which the parties thereto are spouses, or are relatives up to the 
fourth degree; and  
d. The lawsuits related to contracts, which entail agreement – in writing – to have 
recourse to reconciliation, mediation and amicable settlement prior to filing 
the lawsuit to the court.  
Article 59  
1. Recourse to reconciliation shall be made by submitting a document indicating 
that no settlement was reached on the dispute or that the parties agreed to 
reconcile only partially, or by providing evidence that the parties to the dispute 
have already initiated the reconciliation procedures and the lapse of the period 
specified in Paragraph (1) of Article 8 of the Law. Filing the lawsuit shall not 
prevent the continuance of the reconc iliation and mediation procedures.  
2. The provisions of Article 21 of the Law shall apply in the event that the 
plaintiff fails to submit the documents stipulated in Paragraph (1) of this 
Article.  
Reconciliation after Filing the Lawsuit  
Article 60  
The court m ay, at any stage, refer the parties – subject to their consent – to 
reconciliation and mediation; this procedure shall be entered in the case record. The 
period of reconciliation and mediation procedures shall be taken into consideration 
upon deciding on t he next date for the hearing.  
Article 61  
If the parties to a dispute reach a reconciliation or settlement after the case is 
filed, their agreement shall be recorded in a conciliation report; said report shall be 
signed by the litigants and the competent employee, and shall be appended with the 
execution statement.  
Article 62  
In cases ending with reconciliation pursuant to a writ of execution in 
accordance with the provisions of the Enforcement Law, the court shall be provided 
with a copy thereof, and the lawsuit shall thereby be deemed terminated.  
Article 63  
The provisions of Paragraph (2) of Article 29 of the Law shall apply at any 
stage wherein an agreement is reached, even after the closing of the arguments or 
before the court with which the objection h as been filed.  17 
 Article 64  
Either party may offer to the other party a settlement limited or non -limited 
with a fixed term; however, this party may withdraw his offer at any time. If the 
other party accepts the settlement offer before withdrawal thereof, th e provisions of 
Paragraph (2) of Article 29 of the Law shall apply thereto.  
 
Chapter Twelve: Case Proceedings  
Article 65  
The court order stipulated in Paragraph (1) of Article 3 of the Law shall be 
entered in the case record. This record shall comprise an account of the incident 
subject of the violation, the amount of the fine, and an identification of the person or 
persons against whom the order was issued, and a copy thereof shall, upon its 
issuance, be furnished to the chief judge.  
Article 66  
If the orde r stipulated in Paragraph (1) of Article 13 of the Law is issued 
against a lawyer or a person licensed to perform any task related to the case, the 
court shall notify and provide the competent agency with a copy of the order.  
Article 67  
The provisions of P aragraph (1) of Article 26 of the Law shall apply to the 
failure of any of the parties to submit any documents required from him under the 
provisions of the Law and Regulations, or any other requirements during the 
preparation of the lawsuit.  
Article 68  
The decision stipulated in Paragraph (2) of Article 26 of the Law may be 
subject to objection, in conjunction with the objection to the judgement rendered on 
the merits.  
 
Part II: Procedures for Consideration of the Lawsuit  
Chapter One: Pre -Filing Procedures  
Article 69  
The plaintiff shall, in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph (1) of 
Article 19 of the Law, notify the defendant of all lawsuits subject to the jurisdiction 
of the court, except for the following:  
1. Lawsuits related to the penalties stip ulated in commercial laws;  
2. Lawsuits to which the administrative agency is a party;  18 
 3. Lawsuits the filing procedures of which are subject to special legal 
provisions;  
4. Small lawsuits;  
5. Summary petitions.  
Article 70  
Notification shall comprise the da ta of the parties, the subject of the dispute, 
the petitions, and the claim document.  
Article 71  
1. The notification shall be deemed to have been delivered if the plaintiff sends 
the data stated in Article 70 of the Regulations to any of the defendant's 
addre sses by any possible means.  
2. Any proof of an amicable settlement, reconciliation, or mediation submitted 
before filing a lawsuit shall be deemed to serve as a notification, provided that 
the period stipulated in Paragraph (1) of Article 19 of the Law has el apsed.  
Article 72  
The statement of the lawsuit shall be accompanied by proof of notification, 
failing which the provisions of Article 21 of the Law shall be implemented.  
Article 73  
1. In the event that  the parties to a commercial transaction carry out any of the 
procedures stipulated in Paragraph (2) of Article 19 of the Law prior to filing 
the lawsuit, these parties shall notify the court of the action they have initiated.  
2. The private sector may be ass igned to supervise the procedures stipulated in 
Paragraph 2 of Article 19 of the Law.  
Article 74  
The actions taken pursuant to Paragraph (2) of Article 19 of the Law shall be 
recorded via any electronic system approved by the Ministry, by a certified notar y, 
or by a service provider licensed by the Ministry.  
Article 75  
The plaintiff shall, upon filing the lawsuit, submit to the competent 
department the results, if any, of carrying out any of the procedures stipulated in 
Paragraph (2) of Article 19 of the La w. 
 
 
 19 
 Chapter Two: Filing a Lawsuit  
Statement of claim Data  
Article 76  
The statement of claim shall – in addition to the particulars stipulated in the 
Law and in the Law of Civil Procedure – comprise the following data:  
a. Full name of the natural person for the plaintiff and the defendant;  
b. ID number for the natural person, commercial register number for the 
legal person, or investment license number for the foreign investor – as 
the case may be – for the plaintiff and the defendant;  
c. Mobile phone number of the  plaintiff and his agent, and the 
representative of the legal person;  
d. Date of notification in lawsuits where notification is required;  
e. Available information on the business activity of the party if a 
merchant;  
f. Law practice license number if the lawsuit is required to be filed by a 
lawyer; and  
g. Particulars of related lawsuits, if any.  
Article 77  
1. The statement of claim shall, in the event of multiple petitions, include an 
indication of the relation therebetween.  
2. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 21 of the Law, the court shall 
dismiss the lawsuit in the event that it includes unrelated petitions, unless the 
plaintiff confines his lawsuit to one thereof.  
 
Filing Procedures  
Article 78  
The competent de partment shall verify the requirements for filing the case, 
and any other requirements stipulated in commercial laws. Attachments may be 
verified electronically via connection with the competent agencies.  
Article 79  
1. The competent department shall record  the statement of claim on the day of 
submission thereof if it meets the requirements, and it shall, upon entry thereof, be 
referred to the competent department.  20 
 2. The date of the preparatory hearing shall be scheduled not to exceed 20 days from 
the date of filing thereof; the parties shall be notified not later than the day following 
the filing of the lawsuit.  
Article 80  
Cases shall be automatically referred to the circuits on an equal basis pursuant 
to the types thereof via the electronic system.  
Article  81 
A defendant, except in summary petitions, shall file with the court a 
memorandum of his defense that includes his clear response to the claim and all his 
defenses, as well as his petitions and all his grounds, at least one day prior to the 
scheduled hearing.  
Article 82  
The first hearing before the court shall be scheduled at least four days after 
the date of notification of the lawsuit. Said period may, when necessary, and in 
summary petitions, be shortened to 24 hours, in which case the litigant hims elf shall 
be notified, and the possibility of his arrival to the court in a timely manner shall be 
observed.  
 
Chapter Three: Lawsuit Preparation and Management  
Preparing the Lawsuit  
Article 83  
The competent department shall prepare the lawsuit, including t he following 
procedures:  
1. Prepare an initial report on the lawsuit, including study of preliminary matters and 
determination of the subject of dispute between the two parties, and the scope of 
evidence;  
2. Explain the procedures taken prior to the filing  in accordance with the provisions 
of Paragraph (2) of Article 19 of the Law; and  
3. Request completion of any requirements for preparation, including the following:  
a. Request completion of any documents related to the data and business 
activities of the par ties or referred to in the statement of claim or in the 
memorandums; and  
b. Request any documents stipulated in commercial laws, the Law, 
Regulations, or working forms and procedures.  21 
 Lawsuit Management Schedule  
Article 84  
Taking into consideration the period s stipulated in Article 38 of the 
Regulations, the competent department shall, upon filing the lawsuit, prepare the 
draft Lawsuit Management Schedule, provided that it includes the following:  
a. Classification of the lawsuit;  
b. A brief description of the lawsui t and petition;  
c. Proposed time for hearing the lawsuit;  
d. Schedule of procedures, including the proposed number, dates, and 
durations of hearings; and  
e. Any proposed procedure required for hearing the lawsuit and the 
mechanism for implementation thereof.  
 
Imple mentation of Lawsuit Management Schedule  
Article 85  
The circuit chief shall approve and refer the lawsuit management schedule to 
the competent department for implementation, and the parties shall have access 
thereto.  
Article 86  
The Competent department sha ll undertakes the following:  
1. Manage the lawsuit pursuant to the approved schedule;  
2. Undertake the procedures for exchanging memorandums if included in the 
lawsuit management schedule, or if the circuit or the preparation judge decides 
to conduct the exchange of memorandums procedure.  
The competent department may, if the need arises, refer to the circuit any difficulties 
it encounters in order for the circuit to decide what it deems appropriate.  
Article 87  
The competent department shall prepare a final  report, comprising the 
following:  
a. A summary of the case procedures that have been carried out, and a 
comprehensive summary of the petitions, evidence and defenses;  
b. A comprehensive legal study of the case, including the relevant judicial 
principles and pre cedents; and  
c. The proposed draft judgment.  22 
 Chapter Four: Consideration of the Lawsuit  
Written Pleading  
Article 88  
Written pleadings shall include submitting memorandums and directing court 
questions via the electronic system. In all cases, the other party s hall be furnished 
with everything presented in the case.  
 
Conducting and Managing Hearings  
Article 89  
Every circuit shall conduct its hearings for no more than two days per week, 
provided that the number of considered lawsuits be not less than seventy laws uits 
per week, or a quarter of the number of lawsuits under consideration by the circuit, 
whichever is less.  
Article 90  
The court shall hold a preparatory hearing prior to the pleading, provided that 
it comprises the following procedures:  
a. Verify the jurisdiction and the conditions for acceptance of the lawsuit;  
b. Offer reconciliation to the parties;  
c. Determine the petitions and defenses, the subject of dispute between the two 
parties, and the level of complexity of the case;  
d. Determine the scop e of evidence and the list of witnesses; and  
e. Approve the lawsuit management schedule.  
Article 91  
The preparatory hearing shall be held in the presence of the parties to the 
lawsuit; a report comprising the outcome of the hearing shall be prepared and shall  
be approved by the circuit chief.  
Article 92  
The circuit may assign the management of the preparatory hearing to the judge 
examining the case, and it may seek the assistance of the competent department 
therein.  
Article 93  
1. The court may, upon verifying the preliminary matters in the preparatory hearing, 
postpone the hearing for a period not exceeding 60 days. If it becomes necessary to 23 
 postpone the hearing for a second time, such postponement shall not exceed 30 days, 
and the court shall indicate the rea son therefor in the case record.  
2. A maximum of two hearings shall be conducted upon notifying the defendant. No 
more hearings may be adjourned except in emergency cases and circumstances, 
including, for example, if the court finds that reasons beyond the  control of the 
litigant precluded the required action, such as the emergency illness of one of the 
parties to the lawsuit or their representatives or the inability of a witness to attend 
the hearing for an emergency.  
 
Case Record  
Article 94  
The case recor d shall comprise the data of the court, the names of judges, the 
case and hearing data, the parties, their representatives, and the attendees whose 
appearance was required by the court.  
 
Chapter Five: Appearance and Absence  
Article 95  
The ruling  considering the lawsuit to have not been filed in accordance with 
the provisions of Paragraph (1) of Article 31 of the Law shall apply in the event that 
the plaintiff fails to appear in any hearing after proceeding therewith.  
Article 96  
The court ruling considering the lawsuit to have not been filed shall be 
appealable in accordance with the provisions of the Law.  
  
Article 97  
If a lawsuit is ruled to have not been filed, and the plaintiff has filed the same 
lawsuit, it shall be referred to the circuit th at rendered the judgment.  
Article 98  
The ruling considering the lawsuit to have not been filed shall not preclude 
taking the evidence or procedures contained in the case into account.  
Article 99  
If the defendant is notified in person, pursuant to the provi sions of the Law, 
and he fails to appear, he shall forfeit his right to make any temporary defenses.  
Article 100  24 
 No party may file new petitions in a hearing which his adversary fails to 
attend; nor may he amend the petitions of which his adversary was not ified unless 
the amendment of the petition is in the interest of the other party and does not affect 
any of his rights.  
Chapter Six: Summary Petitions  
Article 101  
The circuits set out in Paragraph (2) of Article 11 of the Regulations shall 
decide summary p etitions whether the petition is filed prior to or after filing the 
lawsuit related to subject -matter. The party may submit the petition to the first -
instance or appellate circuit that considers the lawsuit related to subject -matter.  
 
Filing and Recording a Summary Petition  
Article 102  
In addition to the data stipulated in Article 76 of the Regulations, a summary 
petition shall include the following:  
a. A summary of the subject -matter of the claim and the basic data;  
b. Determination of the summary petition and grounds thereof; and  
c. Justifications for the state of urgency.  
Article 103  
The competent department shall record the petition and shall immediately 
refer same to the circuit upon setting a date for the consideration thereof.  
 
Deciding a Summary Petition  
Article 104  
If the plaintiff or his representative fails to appear at the specified time for 
considering the summary petition, the court shall decide to reject said petition.  
Article 105  
The circuit may decide a summary petition without notifying the defendan t 
whenever the nature of the petition so requires, provided that the party against whom 
a judgement is rendered be furnished with a copy of the petition immediately upon 
the issuance thereof.  
Article 106  25 
 The circuit shall decide the petition in the first h earing, and may, when 
necessary, adjourn deciding thereon. In all cases, the petition shall be decided within 
a period not exceeding three working days as of the date of referral.  
Article 107  
A summary petition may, when necessary, be decided at times othe r than the 
official working hours or within official holidays.  
Article 108  
The court shall limit its consideration of a summary petition to the availability 
of the conditions of the petition, without verifying the establishment of the 
substantive right.  
Article 109  
The circuit shall refer to the competent department the judgement issued with 
regard to a summary petition within a period not exceeding the day following the 
date of pronouncement thereof.  
 
Expiration of Judgement in a Summary Petition  
Article 110 
1. The expiration of a judgement means the termination of effects thereof.  
2. Any concerned party may apply to the court to obtain proof of any reason 
requiring the expiration of a judgement rendered in a summary petition.  
 
Article 111  
The provisions of Para graph (2) of Article 35 of the Law shall apply to a 
petition for revocation or amendment of a judgement rendered in a summary petition 
in the event that a new incident affecting the case arises.  
Article 112  
The judgement rendered in summary petitions under  the provisions of 
Paragraph 1 (c) of Article 35 of the Law shall not expire with the issuance of a first -
instance ruling on the original petitions.  
 
 
 
 
 26 
 Special Provisions for Certain Summary Petitions  
Article 113  
A petition for travel ban shall be accompanied by a cash security of at least 
2% of the original claimed amount; the court may, when necessary, require 
presenting an additional security.  
Article 114  
A person banned from travel pursuant to a ruling rendered in a summary 
petition may submit t o the court a security equivalent to the claimed amount; the 
court shall authorize said person to travel upon presenting such security.  
 
Part III: Evidence  
Article 115  
Should the court decide to abandon the evidentiary procedures it has ordered, 
or to disregard the results of same, it shall explain the grounds for such decision in 
the case record or the judgment.  
 
Chapter One: Admission  
Article 116  
Unless the reconciliation and mediation parties agree otherwise, and with the 
exception of evidences and d ocuments available by means other than reconciliation 
and mediation and the requirements for the implementation of same, no admission 
made during the reconciliation and mediation procedures, or concluded from the 
offers and documents presented therein, or resulting therefrom shall be invoked.  
 
Chapter Two: Writing  
Article 117  
A person against whom an ordinary paper is invoked and he has discussed its 
subject -matter, may not thereafter deny that the handwriting, signature, seal, or 
fingerprint therein belong s to him.  
Article 118  
The provisions of Article 44 of the Law shall apply to any correspondence 
issued by an affiliate to the person against whom the correspondence is invoked in 
the event that the sender manages to use the means of correspondence in the n ame 
of the superior.  
Article 119  27 
 An endorsement made by a creditor on a deed of debt shall be deemed as 
proof, even if it is not in the creditor's handwriting nor signed by him, as long as the 
deed remains in his possession.  
 
Chapter Three: Petition for D ocuments  
Article 120  
If any party repeatedly fails to provide the other party with whatever items the 
court ordered, in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph (2) of Article 46 of 
the Law, he shall be deemed to have declined.  
Article 121  
A litigant ma y not make use of a document that he declined to provide after 
the court ordered him to do so.  
Article 122  
To accept a petition to recover a document or establish the expiry of the 
purpose thereof, in accordance with Article 47 of the Law, the following 
requirements shall be met:  
a. The document required to be recovered or established as expired shall be 
related to a commercial transaction that is being considered by the court.  
b. The other party shall not contest the substantive right related to the document, 
unless such right is established by a final judgment.  
 
Chapter Four: Testimony  
Article 123  
Testimony evidence that is inappropriate for a certain condition shall not be 
accepted, such as testimony that is contrary to written evidence or established 
commerc ial custom, or testimony in cases where the Law requires a written 
document for validation thereof.  
Article 124  
A written testimony shall not prejudice the right of the other party to request 
appearance and questioning of a witness in accordance with the p rovisions of the 
Law.  
Article 125  28 
 The court may not prevent a party from questioning a witness directly. To 
question a witness, no prior approval from the court shall be obtained regarding the 
questions to be directed.  
Article 126  
A party may not interrupt  a witness upon giving his testimony or response.  
Article 127  
A party may object to a question directed to a witness, and he shall indicate 
the grounds for such objection. The objection and the court decision thereon shall be 
entered in the case record.  
Article 128  
Without prejudice to the provisions relating to testimonies and questioning of 
witnesses, the provisions of remote pleading stated in the Law and Regulations shall 
apply to the giving of testimony via modern means.  
Article 129  
The procedures for attestation of testimony prior to initiating legal action shall 
be carried out in accordance with the following controls:  
a. It shall be attested by a licensed notary.  
b. Said notary shall have no potential interest in attesting the testimony.  
c. Attestation shall take into account the procedures for hearing and recording 
the testimony, including disclosure of any potential interest of the witness.  
d. Attestation of testimony shall include the witness’s particulars and the reason 
for attestation thereof prior to filing  the lawsuit.  
 
Chapter Five: Oath  
Article 130  
The court shall deny a party’s petition requiring the other party to take oath in 
any of the following conditions:  
a. If there is no interaction or relationship between the two parties that 
may give credit to the incident with regard to which the oath is to be 
taken;  
b. If the incident subject of the oath is related to establishment of an 
obligation that the Law requires to be in writing for the validation 
thereof;  
c. If the incident subject of the oath is established by  official papers; and  29 
 d. If the incident subject of the oath is contrary to a commercial custom.  
Article 131  
For the court to require a party to take oath, the lawsuit shall not comprise full 
evidence; nor shall it be devoid of any evidence.  
Article 132  
If the court informs a party that he is entitled to require his adversary to take 
an oath and he declines to direct to direct same, he shall not, upon closing the 
pleading, be permitted to request directing such oath.  
Article 133  
In all cases, no oath shall b e directed to a legal person.  
 
Chapter Six: Questioning  
Article 134  
The court may not prevent a party from questioning his adversary directly. To 
question an adversary, no prior approval from the court shall be obtained regarding 
the questions to be directed.  
Article 135  
A party may not interrupt an adversary upon giving his response during 
questioning.  
Article 136  
A litigant may object to a question directed to him, and he shall indicate the 
grounds for his objection. The objection and the court deci sion thereon shall be 
entered in the case record.  
Article 137  
In the event that a litigant fails to appear for questioning without an acceptable 
excuse, or that he appears and declines to answer questions without justification, the 
court may draw a presum ption therefrom or deny the incident subject of the 
questioning.  
Chapter Seven: Electronic Evidence  
Article 138  
For the substantiation of an electronic evidence, the electronic means used 
therein shall be created by the other party or with his consent or k nowledge.  
Article 139  30 
 An electronic evidence shall be deemed as a proof in the substantiation of 
facts in any of the following cases:  
a. If it is issued pursuant to the Electronic Transactions Law;  
b. If it is carried out via an electronic means that belongs to or is approved by a 
government agency;  
c. If the electronic means used in the electronic evidence is stipulated in the 
contract subject of the dispute;  
d. If the litigant questions the subject of the electronic evidence prior to denying 
the authenticity thereof;  
e. If the electronic evidence is utilized via an electronic means for business 
performance by a party, whether it is certified or publicly accessible.  
In all cases, a litigant may file whatever items that support the electronic evidence.  
Article 140  
The cour t may seek the assistance of an expert to verify the electronic 
evidence in the event that it deems that such evidence can affect the settlement of 
the dispute.  
Article 141  
The court may request a party to provide the contents of his electronic 
evidence in  writing, or by any electronic means.  
 
Chapter Eight: Expertise  
Procedures for Seeking Assistance from an Expert  
Article 142  
If a party requests permission to seek the assistance of an expert, he shall 
include in his request the following information:  
a. The area in which an expert's assistance is required;  
b. Issues with regard to which an expert's assistance is required;  
c. Justifications for requesting an expert's assistance;  
d. Estimate of the costs of seeking an expert's assistance;  
e. Proposal of the name of the ex pert, if possible.  
If the court permits the party to seek the assistance of an expert, it may set a specific 
maximum for the fees that a party can, when necessary, recover from the other party.  
  31 
 Article 143  
In the event that the parties agree on the need to seek the assistance of an 
expert on a specific issue, each of them may submit a request in accordance with the 
provisions of Article 142 of the Regulations. The court may, if the need arises, decide 
to seek the assistance of one common expert agreed upo n by the parties. In all cases, 
the court shall determine the issues wherein an expert's assistance is required.  
Article 144  
When deciding whether or not to seek the assistance of one common expert, 
the court shall take into account the following:  
a. The extent to which it is appropriate to have an independent expert for 
each party, given the disputed amount, the importance of the issue to 
the parties, or the complexity thereof;  
b. Whether seeking assistance from one common expert shall help the 
parties a nd the court to terminate the dispute with more speed and less 
cost;  
c. Whether the issue for which an expert’s assistance is sought relates to 
a stable field in which it is unlikely to be disputed or entails a 
multiplicity of expert opinions thereon.  
Article  145 
As an exception to the regular expertise procedures, the court may, when 
necessary, assign an expert to present his opinion on a technical issue or to inspect a 
disputed item within a period not exceeding five days from the date of his 
assignment.  
Article 146  
If the expert is a legal person, its representative shall indicate to the court the 
name of the natural person/persons who are carrying out the task in its name.  
 
Management of Expertise Procedures  
 Article 147  
1. The competent department shall m anage the expertise procedures, including the 
procedures for appointing an expert, determining the amount to be deposited to the 
account of expert expenses and fees, instructing some or all of the relevant parties 
to deposit the amount, setting a time limi t for the deposit, and following up the 
expertise procedures up to the delivery of the final report.  32 
 2. If the amount stipulated in Paragraph (1) of this Article is not deposited, the expert 
shall not be bound to perform the task, and the competent departm ent shall notify 
the court. The court may, in this case, decide that the litigant tasked with the deposit 
has forfeited his right to seek the assistance of an expert.  
 
Obligations and Powers of an Expert  
Article 148  
An expert shall, prior to his appointment, disclose any relationship that he has 
with the parties to the lawsuit, or any interest therein.  
Article 149  
An expert shall perform his duties accurately, honestly and without bias to 
any party, and shall observe technical principles. He shall  not disclose to any party 
other than the court and the parties to the lawsuit the data and information that he is 
privy to because of his task or during the implementation thereof, and this obligation 
shall extend even after the end of his duties.  
Article  150 
An expert shall state any question or issue directed to him beyond the scope 
of his expertise, or when he is not able to reach a specific opinion for any reason, 
such as lack of sufficient information.  
Article 151  
An expert may – in order to  perform his duties – request the parties or others 
to deliver to him the documents he deems necessary to carry out his task. The court 
may – when necessary – order that a litigant submit documents upon the expert’s 
request.  
Article 152  
An expert may file to the court a request for guidance regarding any issue that 
would assist him to perform his task.  
 
Expert’s Report  
Article 153  
1. An expert shall submit his report in writing to the court unless the court decides 
otherwise in small or summary claims.  
2. An expert shall provide the parties with a copy of the report.  
Article 154  33 
 An expert shall file his report within a period not exceeding 45 days from the 
date set for the start of the expert’s work. If the expert fails to file his report at the 
specified da te, the court may grant him another time limit not exceeding 15 days. It 
may also replace the expert with another one and order him to refund the fees he has 
received.  
Article 155  
The report shall, in addition to any order decided by the court, include the  
following:  
a. Statement of the expert's qualifications;  
b. Indication of the sources and materials that the expert has used in 
preparing the report;  
c. An account of every person whose assistance has been sought to 
perform any examination, measurement, test, or ex periment used by the 
expert in the report, an indication of that person's qualifications, and 
whether such assistance was sought under the expert's supervision.  
d. In the event of a multiplicity of opinions regarding the issue, the report 
shall state a summar y thereof, together with the reasons for the expert's 
preference for the opinion he has selected.  
e. A summary of the expert’s conclusions.  
f.  
Discussion of Expert’s Report  
Article 156  
1. Every party may submit written questions to the expert; said questions shall be 
submitted in one bulk within the period specified by the court, provided that it does 
not exceed 15 days from the date on which the parties have received the report.  
2. Any party may submit its observations on the report; the court may request the 
expert to provide his opinions regarding such remarks.  
In all cases, the expert's answers to said questions shall be deemed as part of the 
report.  
Article 157  
The court may, at any stage of the case, request the expert to complete or 
clarify the contents of the report.  
Article 158  34 
 The court may, if it decides to disregard the expert’s report in whole or in part 
due to the expert’s negligence or error, order him to refund the fees he has received.  
 
Authenticity of Expertise  
Article 159  
Challenge to the actions carried out by an expert appointed by the court or the 
instructions he has received from concerned parties within the limits of what he is 
permitted to record may not be allowed except by claiming forgery.  
Article 160  
In the event that a party relies on an expert’s report, the other party may rely 
on that report as a means of proof.  
 
Chapter Nine: Commercial Custom  
Article 161  
The court shall rely on an established commercial cust om, and may, upon 
challenging same, seek assistance from any person it deems necessary to prove 
whether or not such custom exists.  
 
Part IV: Issuance of Judgments and Payment Orders  
Chapter One: Judgments  
Closing of Arguments  
Article 162  
Arguments shall be closed by authorization, adjourning the hearing for 
deliberation, or by fixing the case for pronouncement of judgment.  
Article 163  
If the court permits the parties to a lawsuit, upon the closing of arguments, to 
submit complementary memorandums, this sh all be entered in the case record. The 
court shall fix a deadline for submitting same that does not exceed 10 days, during 
which each party shall submit one memorandum. Complementary memorandums 
may not include new petitions or evidences; nor shall they be  accompanied by any 
new documents.  
 
 
 
 35 
 Rendering a Judgement for Compensation for Material and Moral Harms  
Article 164  
The court shall include in its judgement on the merits deciding on a petition 
for compensation for material and moral harms, including litigation expenses. The 
court shall, in estimating the compensation, observe the following:  
a. Severity of the damage;  
b. Adjudged amount;  
c. Repeated default of the person against whom the judgement is 
rendered;  
d. Established custom or regular practice;  
e. Expert’s op inion, when necessary.  
 
Deliberation  
Article 165  
1. In cases where the judgement is rendered by the majority of judges, the viewpoint 
of a dissenting judge and the grounds therefor shall be recorded and shall be 
deposited in the case file.  
2. The response of the majority of judges to the viewpoint of the dissenting judge 
shall be recorded, or else they may be satisfied with the reasons stated for the 
judgment.  
Article 166  
The judge examining the case shall prepare the draft judgement pursuan t to 
the opinion of the majority, even if he had a different viewpoint.  
 
Draft Judgment  
Article 167  
The court may pronounce a judgement without depositing a draft thereof in the 
following cases:  
a. If the defendant admitted the validity of the lawsuit in the hearing;  
b. Judgments rendered in summary petitions;  
c. Judgments wherein it would be sufficient to enter the results of the 
deliberations in the case record;  
d. Judgments issued in preliminary matters.  36 
 The judgement decree or the extract, as the case may be, shall  be deposited on the 
day following the date of pronouncement thereof.  
Article 168  
The draft judgement may be amended until the pronouncement thereof. The 
draft deposited in the case file shall be approved by all the judges who participated 
in the deliberat ions.  
Pronouncement of the Judgment  
Article 169  
The judgement shall be pronounced by reading its wording in an open hearing 
and entering same in the case record.  
 
Judgement Copy  
Article 170  
In cases where no special provision is made, a judgement copy shall be 
delivered within a maximum period of 10 days as of the date of pronouncement 
thereof.  
 Article 171  
The court may, in explaining the case facts in a judgement copy, refer to the 
case file, pursuant to the following controls:  
a. The referral shall be b ased on a report prepared by the competent 
department.  
b. It shall observe the other major elements of the judgment.  
c. This shall apply to major cases whose facts are difficult to explain in 
their entirety.  
d. The case file shall be accessible via any electronic m eans.  
e. The judgement copy shall provide for referral to the case file in 
explaining the case facts and the means of access thereto.  
Article 172  
The judgement shall comprise sufficient grounds for its wording to be based 
on. 
Article 173  
The circuit shall, up on signing the judgement copy, send the case file to the 
competent department to complete the procedures for handing over a copy of the 
judgment, objection thereto, and appending same with the execution statement.  37 
 Judgments Wherein it is Sufficient to Ente r the Results of the Deliberations in 
the Case Record  
Article 174  
The court may find it sufficient to enter the results of the deliberations in the 
case record without issuing a judgement copy in the following cases:  
a. Decisions and orders that are not subje ct to objection;  
b. Decisions entailing the expert’s assignment and his fees; and  
c. Judgments rendered to establish waiver or abandonment of a 
claim, dropping of litigation, or considering a lawsuit to have not 
been filed.  
Article 175  
Judgments wherein it is su fficient to enter the results of the deliberations in 
the case record shall be reasoned; an extract of the record in which these results are 
entered shall be subject to the same provisions applying to the handover of the 
judgement copy.  
 
Handover of a Judgement Copy  
Article 176  
The order to execute a judgement by its draft shall be entered in the case 
record; the draft judgement copy shall be appended with the execution statement.  
 
Expeditious Execution  
Article 177  
The judgement stated in Paragraph (1) of Article 65 of the Law shall be subject 
to expeditious execution, even in cases where no such remark is made by the court.  
Article 178  
The court may, if it deems it necessary to decide the judgment to be subject to 
expeditious execution, order the person  against whom the judgement has been 
rendered to provide a security.  
Article 179  
The court shall enter its decision that the judgement be subject to expeditious 
execution, in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph (2) of Article 65 of the 
Law, in the case record, together with a brief account of the grounds therefor.  
 38 
 Correction and Interpretation of Judgement  
Article 180  
The circuit that affirmed the judgement or order shall decide any petition for 
the correction or interpretation thereof.  
Article 181  
The court shall, upon its own motion or pursuant to a petition by a party, 
correct any material errors whether written or mathematical in the judgment decree 
or order. It shall make a separate decision in this regard that includes the petition for 
correct ion, its place in the judgement or order, and the correction that it has decided. 
The correction decision shall by itself be deemed to have corrected the judgement or 
order, and the parties shall be furnished with a copy thereof. Said decision shall be 
subject to the procedures of objection.  
Article 182  
Litigants may request the court to explain any vagueness or confusion in the 
wording of the judgement. The court shall decide the request in an open hearing. The 
interpretation decision shall be deemed to be  complementary to the original 
judgement, and shall be subject to the procedures of objection.  
 
Chapter Two: Payment Orders  
Conditions for Petition to Issue a Payment Order  
Article 183  
The debt shall be deemed fixed pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph (3) of 
Article 67 of the Law if its amount can be determined on the basis of fixed principles 
that the court shall have no authority to estimate.  
Article 184  
A payment order shall not b e accepted if the debtor's place of residence is 
located outside the Kingdom.  
Article 185  
A payment order shall not be accepted if it comprises reciprocal obligations 
unless the creditor attaches to the request a written evidence that he has fulfilled his 
obligations.  
 
 
 
 39 
 Submission of Petition for Payment Order  
Article 186  
The court within whose jurisdiction the debtor’s place of residence falls shall 
have the territorial jurisdiction to issue the payment order and consider objections 
thereto.  
Article 187  
The petition to issue a payment order shall not preclude a request to take any 
precautionary measure.  
Article 188  
The petition to issue a payment order shall include the particulars of the 
statement of claim stipulated in the Law and Regulations, and shal l be governed by 
the provisions contained in Article 21 of the Law.  
Article 189  
The debtor shall be deemed to have been notified of the requirement of 
payment via a postal service provider or an electronic service provider licensed to 
deliver notification and process services.  
Article 190  
The claimed right contained in the notification of the requirement of payment 
may not be less than the required amount in the petition to issue a payment order.  
 
Deciding a Petition to Issue a Payment Order  
Article 191  
The circuit shall decide the petition to issue a payment order against any party 
other than the litigants.  
  
Article 192  
If the circuit decides to reject the petition, same shall be entered in the record, 
together with a brief account of the grounds therefor.  
Article 193  
An order shall be made in the relevant form, and shall contain the following 
data:  
a. The data included in the petition to issue the order;  
b. The issuing date of the order, the court that issued same, the 
circuit, and the name of the judge.  40 
 Procedu res for Appeal and Objection to a Payment Order  
Article 194  
The debtor against whom the order has been issued shall be entitled to the 
following procedures:  
a. Object to the payment order by appeal pursuant to a formal defect, e.g. 
invalidity of the notificat ion, lack of jurisdiction, or absence of one of the 
conditions stipulated in Article 67 of the Law, the court may reject the appeal 
and confirm the order, or cancel the order without deciding on the merits; and  
b. File a complaint with the competent first -instance circuit in accordance with 
the provisions of Article 71 of the Law.  
Article 195  
The complaint shall entail bringing the matter to the court and issuing a 
judgement to settle the original right within the limits of the requirements of the 
complaint. I f the court finds that one of the conditions stipulated in Article 67 of the 
Law is not fulfilled, it shall rule to reject the order and shall decide on the merits.  
Article 196  
If the complainant fails to appear at any hearing for considering his complaint, 
the provisions of Article 31 of the Law shall apply.  
Article 197  
The judgement rendered in the complaint may be objected to pursuant to the 
procedures for objection stipulated in Part X of the Law.  
Article 198  
If the complaint is ruled as rejected, and the debtor appeals same, and the 
appellate circuit decides to revoke the decision, it shall decide on the merits.  
Article 199  
The court considering the complaint or objection may stay the expeditious 
execution of the payment order if so reque sted and if the execution of the judgment 
is feared to lead to grave harm.  
 
 
 
 
 
 41 
 Part V: Objection to Judgments  
Chapter One: General Provisions  
Time Limits for Objection  
Article 200  
In the event that the judgement includes deciding several petitions with 
varying time limits for objection, the petition with the longest time limit shall be 
taken into account.  
Agreement on Finality of Judgment  
Article 201  
It may not be agreed that the judgment issued by the first -instance circuit shall 
be deemed final with res pect to one party but not the other.  
Article 202  
The agreement stipulated in Paragraph (2) of Article 74 of the Law shall be 
invoked prior to submitting any petition, defense, or motion for dismissal before the 
appellate circuit or through a written memorandum in the event that the appeal is 
without plea ding.  
Article 203  
Any person who has the right of objection may waive such right, during the 
objection period, by a memorandum he submits to the court.  
 
Judgement Rendered on the Objection  
Article 204  
If the court deems that the contested judgement has inc luded a response to the 
substantial defenses in the petition for objection, it shall state the substantial defenses 
in the grounds for judgement, with an indication of the content of the response from 
the contested judgment.  
Article 205  
If the contested ju dgement fails to provide a response to certain substantial 
defenses, the court shall provide such response in the grounds for judgement.  
Article 206  
In cases where the court decides to affirm the judgment, the wording shall 
include the wording of the judge ment that it has affirmed.  
 
 
 42 
 Chapter Two: Appeal  
General Provisions  
Article 207  
The provisions of Paragraph (1) of Article 78 of the Law shall not apply to a 
judgement of lack of jurisdiction, dismissal of a lawsuit in form, non -hearing of a 
lawsuit due t o the lapse of the statutory period, or consideration of a lawsuit to have 
not been filed.  
Article 208  
If the court decides to reject the appeal, or to consider same to have not been 
filed, the appealed judgement shall be deemed final.  
 
Devolutive Effect  
Article 209  
If the circuit decides to reject a new petition, the person who filed said petition 
may submit same to the first -instance circuits, pursuant to the lawsuit filing 
procedures.  
Article 210  
If the circuit decides to reject a motion related to subj ect matter that neglected 
by a first -instance circuit, the person whose motion has been rejected may submit a 
petition for completing the consideration thereof and deciding thereon in accordance 
with the usual lawsuit filing procedures; said petition shall  be referred to the same 
first-instance circuit.  
Article 211  
Upon consideration of an appeal, a person not involved in the lawsuit under 
appeal may not be joined except by the court for purposes of serving the interest of 
justice or truth -finding. Nor may anyone intervene in an appeal, except for a person 
requesting to join a litigant without making a petition to decide in his favor.  
 
Filing an Appeal  
Article 212  
A petition for appeal shall, in addition to the data stated in Paragraph (1) of 
Article 81 of t he Law, shall comprise the following:  
a. The name of the appellant and his ID number, or commercial register number – 
as the case may be – his address, his representative, and the law practice license 
number if the objection is required to be filed by a lawye r; 43 
 b. The name of the appellee and his ID number, or commercial register number – 
as the case may be – and his address.  
Article 213  
If the petition for appeal does not include information of the judgment under 
appeal, the reasons for appeal, and the petitions  of the appellant, the court shall 
decide to reject same.  
Article 214  
In all cases, a subsidiary appeal shall be filed in a separate memorandum that 
includes the data stipulated in Article 212 of the Regulations.  
 
Appeal Procedures without a Hearing  
Articl e 215  
An appeal shall be considered without a hearing in objecting to the following 
judgements and decisions:  
a. Judgments and decisions rendered in the lawsuits stipulated in Paragraphs (1), 
(2) and (3) of Article 16 of the Law if the original claimed amount does not 
exceed 2,000,000 riyals;  
b. Judgments and decisions rendered in the lawsuits instituted pursuant to 
Paragraphs (8) and (9) of Article 16 of the Law, regardless of the claimed 
amount therein; and  
c. Judgments, decisions, and orders the objections to which are considered by an 
appellate circuit composed of a single judge.  
Article 216  
In cases where an appeal is considered without a hearing, the circuit shall 
verify the preliminary matters related to jurisdiction and the conditions for the 
acceptance of the petition within 10 days from the date on which the case is referred 
thereto.  
Article 217  
If the appeal is wi thout a hearing, and the time limit for objection has elapsed, 
no memorandums shall be accepted in the case thereafter; nor shall any of the 
litigants be heard unless the circuit decides to consider the case by means of a 
hearing.  
Article 218  44 
 In cases wher e no special provision is made, if the court deems it necessary to 
revoke a judgement in whole or in part, its judgement of revocation, together with 
the judgement in the case upon the consideration thereof, shall be by means of a 
hearing.  
Article 219  
If the court decides to consider the appeal by means of a hearing, it shall fix a 
date for the hearing and shall notify the parties thereof. If the appellant is notified 
and he fails to appear at the specified hearing, the petition for appeal shall be subject 
to the provisions of Article 84 of the Law.  
 
Procedures for Appeal by a Hearing  
Article 220  
1. Subject to the provisions of Paragraph (3) of Article 79 of the Law, if an appeal is 
considered by means of a hearing, the date of the first hearing shall be fix ed within 
a period not exceeding 20 days from the date of filing the appeal. The appellee shall 
be notified of the date of the hearing, together with a copy of the petition for appeal. 
The appellee shall file the memorandum of response to the objection thr ee days prior 
to the date of the hearing.  
2. The appellant shall follow up the case dates with the court of appeal immediately 
after the entry thereof.  
Article 221  
In cases where the appeal is considered by means of a hearing, the circuit 
shall, prior to t he first hearing, verify the preliminary matters related to jurisdiction 
and the conditions for the acceptance of the petition for appeal.  
Article 222  
If the appellant fails to appear at any hearing, and he was absent from a 
previous hearing, the circuit s hall decide the case if it is ripe for judgment; otherwise, 
it shall issue a ruling considering the appeal to have not been filed.  
Article 223  
If the circuit decides to postpone the hearing in accordance with the provisions 
of Paragraph (2) of Article 84 of the Law, the appellant shall not be notified of the 
specified hearing if he has been previously notified.  
Article 224  45 
 The circuit may issue the judgement of revocation stipulated in Paragraph (2) 
of Article 85 of the Law without scheduling a hearing to pronounce same, and its 
judgement shall be binding on the first -instance circuit that rendered the judgement.  
 
Chapter Three: Motion for Reconsideration  
Article 225  
The appellate circuit shall have the jurisdiction to consider the motion for 
reconsideratio n of a judgement which it affirmed.  
Article 226  
The court shall first decide on the admissibility of the motion for 
reconsideration and the conditions necessary for the acceptance thereof in a hearing 
of which the parties shall be notified. The court may, if it accepts the motion in form, 
decide the acceptance of the motion and the merits in a single judgment. The court 
shall only reconsider the petitions contained in the motion.  
Article 227  
1. Filing a motion for reconsideration shall not entail stay execu tion of judgment. 
Nonetheless, the circuit considering said motion may order stay of execution of 
judgment if so requested and if execution is feared to result in grave and irreparable 
harm. The circuit may upon ordering stay of execution require a securit y to be 
presented.  
2. If the court accepts the motion, it shall order stay of execution of judgment if so 
requested.  
 
Chapter Four: Cassation  
Preparation of Petition for Cassation  
Article 228  
A unit shall be established at the Supreme Court for the purpos e of preparing 
the hearing of petitions for cassation in commercial lawsuits; it shall be composed 
of a number of judges and researchers, and shall undertake the following:  
a. Examine objections to judgements rendered in commercial lawsuits in terms 
of formal  conditions and fulfillment of basic data;  
b. Conduct studies and research on matters requested by the commercial circuit 
of the Supreme Court; and  
c. Prepare and draft judgements and decisions.  46 
 Article 229  
The competent department of the Supreme Court shall carry out the 
procedures required for preparing the petition for reversal of judgment.  
 
Filing a Petition for Reversal of Judgment  
Article 230  
 A petition for reversal of judgment shall include the particulars of the 
appealed judgement, a summary thereof, the grounds for objection, and the 
appellant's requests.  
Article 231  
The petition for reversal of judgment shall be accompanied by the followin g: 
1. A copy of the document proving the capacity of the appellant’s representative;  
2. A copy of the appealed judgement, and a copy of the judgement rendered by 
the first -instance circuit if the appealed judgement has referred to in the 
grounds thereof; and  
3. Documents supporting the objection.  
Article 232  
The objection shall comprise the grounds indicating the reason for objection 
attributed to the judgment by the appellant, its place in the judgement, and its effect 
thereon.  
 
Petition for Stay of Execution of Ju dgement  
Article 233  
1. The petition for stay of execution of judgement stipulated in Article 89 of the Law 
shall include the grounds for the stay of execution, and the consequences thereof.  
2. If the petition for reversal of judgment includes a request for  stay of execution of 
judgment, the petition shall be referred to the competent department to decide 
thereon; it shall be sufficient – if the request is rejected – to enter same in the record.  
3. If the court deems it appropriate to order the stay of execu tion of judgement, in 
accordance with the provisions of Article 89 of the Law, it may require the appellant 
to provide a security.  
 
 
 47 
 Procedures for Deciding a Petition for Reversal of Judgment  
Article 234  
A petition for reversal of judgment in accordance with Paragraph (4) of Article 
88 of the Law shall only be accepted if the previous judgement was final.  
 
Article 235  
No reasons may be stated in the petition for reversal of judgment other than 
the ones previously stated in the petition for appeal, and it was possible to state 
therein.  
Article 236  
In all cases, if the court decides to revoke the appealed judgement for the 
second time, it shall issue a ruling thereon.  
 
Part VI: Special Provisions for Certain Lawsuits  
Chapter One: Small Lawsuits  
Article 237  
Small  claims – stipulated in Paragraph (3) of Article 8 of the Law – shall mean 
the following:  
a. Lawsuits stated in Paragraphs (1) and (2) of Article 16 of the Law if the 
original claimed amount does not exceed 1,000,000 riyals, with the exception 
of lawsuit s arising from construction contracts; and  
c. Lawsuits instituted pursuant to Paragraphs (8) and (9) of Article 16 of the law, 
regardless of the claimed amount therein, whenever they relate to one of the 
lawsuits stipulated in Paragraph 1 (a) of this Article.  
Article 238  
In cases where no special provision is made in this Chapter, the provisions 
stipulated in the Law and Regulations shall apply to small claims.  
 
Time Limit for Consideration of Small Claims  
Article 239  
The period for consideration of small claims shall not exceed 90 days from 
the filing date thereof; in cases where the filing of the lawsuit is preceded by 
exchanging memorandums or holding a meeting between the parties, in accordance 48 
 with the provisions o f Paragraph (2) of Article 19 of the Law, the period of 
consideration shall not exceed 30 days.  
 
Procedures for Hearing Small Claims  
Article 240  
The hearing of small claims shall be preceded by recourse to reconciliation 
and mediation, provided that these procedures do not exceed 15 days.  
Article 241  
The competent department shall verify the requirements for filing the case, 
including determination of requests, attachment of documents and completion of 
case papers.  
Article 242  
The lawsuit shall be filed if it is complete, and shall be referred to the 
competent circuit. The defendant shall be notified of the lawsuit on the filing day 
thereof, provided that the notification includes scheduling the date for the 
preparatory hearing, within a period not exceeding  15 days from the filing date.  
Article 243  
The defendant in small lawsuits shall file a memorandum of his defense, 
including his response to the lawsuit and all his defenses, and shall specify his 
requests and all his evidences, at least one day before the  scheduled date of the 
preparatory hearing. The competent department shall verify the completion of such 
documents and of the lawsuit papers, and shall study same.  
Article 244  
The court shall hold the preparatory hearing stipulated in Article 90 of the 
Regulations. If the circuit ascertains the jurisdiction and preliminary matters, it shall 
decide the lawsuit unless it deems it necessary to exchange memorandums, provided 
that the period of exchanging memorandums does not exceed 15 days.  
Article 245  
In all c ases, the parties may not submit any requests, evidences or defenses 
that were not provided before the end of the preparatory hearing.  
Article 246  
In cases wherein the hearing of the lawsuit requires referral to an expert, the 
date for filing the expert re port shall be set within a period not exceeding 20 days, 
which period may be extended for another 10 days, if necessary.  
Article 247  49 
 1. The court may, upon verifying the preliminary matters in the preparatory 
hearing, postpone the hearing for a period not exceeding 15 days; the court 
shall state the reasons for postponement in the case record.  
2. A maximum of one hearing shall be conducted upon notifying the defendant. 
No more hearings may be adjourned except in exceptional cases and 
circumstances, including, for example, if the court finds that reasons beyond 
the control of the litigant precluded the required action, such as the emergency 
illness of one of the parties to the lawsuit or their representatives or the 
inability of a witness to attend the hearing f or an emergency.  
Judgement in Small Claims  
Article 248  
The hearing wherein the judgement is to be pronounced shall, when necessary, 
be fixed within a period not exceeding five days after closing the arguments. No 
memorandums may be submitted by the parties  after closing the arguments.  
Article 249  
The judgement copy rendered in a small claim may only state the plaintiff’s 
requests, a brief summary of the litigants’ defense – if any –, and the grounds for 
and wording of the judgment.  
Article 250  
A judgement c opy shall be delivered upon the issuance thereof. A date may 
be fixed, when necessary, for the delivery of the judgement copy provided it does 
not exceed five working days from the date of pronouncement thereof.  
Article 251  
The period of appeal of judgment s rendered in small claims shall be 15 days 
from the date of referral thereof to the circuit, unless the circuit decides to consider 
same by means of a hearing.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 
 Chapter Two: Class Action Lawsuits  
Conditions of Class Action Lawsuits  
Article 252  
1. To file a class action lawsuit, the following requirements shall be fulfilled:  
a. The claim shall have the same subject -matter, grounds, 
and defendant.  
b. The claims shall have the same subject -matter affecting 
the plaintiffs in both its presence and absence;  
c. The n umber of plaintiffs shall not be less than ten.  
2. Class actions lawsuits shall be filed and argued by a representative of the 
plaintiffs, who shall be a lawyer.  
Request for Filing a Class Action Lawsuit  
Article 253  
The representative of the plaintiffs shall submit to the court a request for 
approval to file a class action lawsuit, including the following:  
a. Names of plaintiffs, and number of persons likely to join them;  
b. A summary of the subject -matter of the lawsuit, requests, and 
main evidence in the lawsuit; and 
c. A statement of the common substantive basis for the requests.  
Article 254  
The competent department shall prepare a report on the request, including 
verification of the fulfillment of the data and conditions, and an inventory of similar 
filed lawsuits, if any.  
Article 255  
1. The chief judge shall decide on the request to file a class action lawsuit within a 
period not exceeding 10 days, pursuant to the following:  
a. accept the request if it meets the requirements stipulated in Article 252 of the 
Regulations ; 
b. Rejecting the request if it fails to meet the requirements stipulated in Article 
252 of the Regulations.  
2. As an exception to Paragraph 1 (b) of this Article, in cases where the applicant 
meets the requirements stipulated in Article 252 of the Regulations, save the 
condition stipulated in Paragraph 1 (c) of the same Article, the chief judge may 51 
 decide to giv e the representative of the plaintiffs a time limit not exceeding 60 days 
to fulfill the requirements, failing which, the chief judge shall decide to reject the 
request.  
 
Article 256  
In all cases, the decision made with regard to the acceptance or rejectio n of 
the request to file a class action lawsuit shall be deemed final and unappealable in 
any possible way. This shall not preclude the re -submittal of a new request whenever 
it meets the requirements.  
 
Filing a Class Action Lawsuit  
Article 257  
The represe ntative of the plaintiffs shall file the class action lawsuit in one 
statement of claim pursuant to the provisions of the Law and Regulations within a 
period not exceeding 10 days from the date of acceptance of the request in 
accordance with the provisions  of Paragraph 1 (a) of Article 255 of the Regulations. 
This statement of claim shall be accompanied by a detailed list of the plaintiffs' 
claims in the class action lawsuit and shall comprise an indication of the applicability 
of the common substantive bas is to each of them, and their division into classes when 
necessary.  
Article 258  
The plaintiffs in a class action lawsuit shall have the right of access to all 
papers and documents in the case file.  
Article 259  
A special register shall be created for class action lawsuits, wherein the data 
and details of the lawsuits shall be recorded. Said register shall be accessible to the 
public, and notices may be made by means thereof.  
 
Court Enablers and Powers in Class Action Lawsuits  
Article 260  
The court may, when necessary, decide whatever it deems necessary to enable 
it to manage a class action lawsuit and expedite deciding thereon, including the 
following:  
a. Seek assistance from the private sector in class action lawsuit procedures;  
b. Appoint an advisor for the purpo ses of managing class action lawsuits;  52 
 c. Divide the parties into classes pursuant to the nature of the lawsuit; and  
d. Approve the appointment of more than one representative.  
  
Article 261  
If it appears to the court that the conditions of a class action lawsuit are 
fulfilled in cases under its consideration, all such cases shall be referred to the circuit 
with which the first lawsuit was filed. The circuit may offer the parties to have 
recourse to the procedures for class action lawsuits, and the competen t department 
shall finalize the procedures.  
 
Joinder to a Class Action Lawsuit  
Article 262  
A person whose claim meets the conditions of a class action lawsuit may 
request to join same through the representative of the plaintiffs. The court shall 
record its  decision of the request for joinder in the case record; said decision shall 
be deemed final and unappealable.  
 
Representative in a Class Action Lawsuit  
Article 263  
The representative of the plaintiffs shall notify potential plaintiffs of filing the 
class action lawsuit, and shall announce same in a publicly available medium.  
Article 264  
The representative of the plaintiffs shall exercise due diligence to protect the 
interests of all plaintiffs, and shall appear at the scheduled hearings.  
Article 265  
The representative of the plaintiffs shall inform the plaintiffs of any 
substantial events or incidents that might affect their rights, request their opinions 
thereon, notify them of the judgments and decisions issued in the lawsuit, and enable 
them to have ac cess to all the lawsuit papers and documents.  
Article 266  
The representative of the plaintiffs shall be authorized before the court to 
submit requests, defenses and memorandums. No request, defense or memorandum 
that is related to the class action lawsuit shall be accepted save through said 
representative.  53 
 Article 267  
The representative of the plaintiffs may not resign from representation in the 
class action lawsuit unless upon the approval by the court. If the court approves the 
resignation request, it sha ll enable the plaintiffs to select another representative 
within 30 days. In the event of non -agreement on a representative, the court shall 
appoint the plaintiff with the most votes as a representative.  
Article 268  
In cases where no special provision is m ade, the representative of the plaintiffs 
may not be dismissed except upon the request of the majority of the plaintiffs. In the 
event of his dismissal, a representative of the plaintiffs shall be appointed in 
accordance with the provisions for appointing a representative of the plaintiffs stated 
in Article 267 of the Regulations.  
Article 269  
The representative of the plaintiffs shall, in determining his fees, observe that 
they be fairly divided among the plaintiffs.  
 
Proposed Settlement in a Class Action Lawsuit  
Article 270  
Prior to considering a class action lawsuit, a settlement shall be proposed to 
the parties. In the event that the representative of the plaintiffs reaches a settlement 
with the defendant, said representative shall notify the plaintiffs thereof by an 
appropriate means, and shall fix a date for approval or refusal of such proposed 
settlement within a period not exceeding 30 days. In the event that the majority of 
plaintiffs accept the proposal, the settlement shall be established for the p arties who 
accepted same, and the court shall accordingly dismiss the class action lawsuit.  
 
Preparation of a Class Action Lawsuit  
Article 271  
The competent department shall, upon referral of the class action lawsuit, 
prepare the following:  
a. An initial r eport on the case, including a preliminary study of the common 
substantive basis of the class action lawsuit, and verification of the applicability of 
the conditions of the class action lawsuit to all plaintiffs; and  
b. A schedule for hearing the class act ion lawsuit that is commensurate with the 
nature thereof.  54 
 Hearing of a Class Action Lawsuit  
Article 272  
1. The court shall hold a meeting prior to the hearing wherein it shall take the 
following procedures:  
a. Verify that the conditions of the class action la wsuit apply to all plaintiffs;  
b. Verify that the matters stipulated in Article 90 of the Regulations are fulfilled;  
c. Approve he lawsuit plan, including the schedule of hearing thereof;  
d. Exclude parties whose lawsuit does not comply with the common substantive 
basis of the class action; its decision in this regard shall be deemed final; and  
e. Issue a decision to initiate the proceedings of the class action lawsuit, wherein 
the representative of the plaintiffs, the subject and cause of the claim, the 
common substan tive basis of the class action lawsuit, and the list of names of 
the plaintiffs shall be indicated.  
3. The court decision referred to in Paragraph 1 (e) of this Article shall entail 
suspension of the hearing of lawsuits having the same subject -matter and 
grounds filed against the defendant, together with the class action lawsuit, 
until the class action lawsuit is decided.  
Article 273  
If the representative of the plaintiffs fails to appear at one of the hearings, the 
court shall postpone the proceedings for a next hearing. The class action lawsuit shall 
not be dismissed upon the absence of the representative of the plaintiffs.  
Article 274  
The court may, in the event that the representative of the plaintiffs fails to 
appear at the specified hearings or to make t he submissions required from him on 
the specified date without an acceptable excuse, enforce the provisions of Paragraph 
(1) of Article 13 of the Law to such representative. In the event that the 
representative repeats such actions, the court may decide to  dismiss him, and its 
decision in this regard shall be deemed final.  
Article 275  
If the case is ripe for judgment, the court shall decide the class action lawsuit 
in a single judgement on all the requests filed by the representative of the plaintiffs.  
 
 
 55 
 Article 276  
1. A final judgement issued in a class action lawsuit shall be deemed as proof against 
any person who is subject to the common substantive basis under which the 
judgement was rendered.  
2. Any person not represented in the class action lawsuit ma y request that the 
common substantive basis and the judgement rendered pursuant thereto be applied 
to him by means of a request to be submitted to the court. Said request shall be 
considered by the circuit that rendered the judgement in the class action la wsuit.  
 
Objection to a Judgement in a Class Action Lawsuit  
Article 277  
In the event that judgement in a class action lawsuit does not entail the entire 
requests filed by the representative of the plaintiffs, he shall appeal the judgement in 
the event that the majority of the plaintiffs so request.  
  56 
 Article 278  
An appeal to the judgement rendered in a class action lawsuit shall be filed by 
the representative of the plaintiffs, and shall state the names of the appellants; the 
plaintiffs may, on their own, fi le their appeal to the court.  
 
Final Provisions  
Article 279  
All final judgments rendered by the first -instance and appellate commercial 
circuits and by the commercial circuit of the Supreme Court shall be published and 
made available for public access.  
Article 280  
The provisions of the Law and Regulations shall apply to the commercial 
circuits established in general courts.  
Article 281  
These Regulations shall be published in the Official Gazette, and shall enter 
into force as of the date of publication t hereof.