Page 1 of 15  
 
  
D-11-01  CANADIAN FOOD INSPECTION AGENCY  
59 Camelot Drive 
Ottawa, Ontario 
K1A OY9 (Tel: 225-2342; FAX: 613-773-7204)  (EFFECTIVE DATE) 
 
April 1, 2011 
(Original)  
TITLE: Phytosanitary Requirements for Plan ts for Planting and Fresh Decorative 
Branches to Prevent the Entry and Spread of Anoplophora spp.  
  
  
Note: The requirements of this directive will enter into force on April 1
st, 2011. 
 
 SUBJECT:   This directive outlines the phyt osanitary requirements for pl ants for planting and fresh 
decorative branches that are considered hosts of Anoplophora  spp. At the time of writing 
this directive, specific informa tion pertaining to two species of Anoplophora  (A. 
chinensis and A. glabripennis ) was available and therefore in cluded in this document. It 
is to be noted th at the entire genus Anoplophora spp. is regulated by the Canadian Food 
Inspection Agency (CFIA). The requirements included in this dire ctive are intended to 
mitigate the risk of unintenti onal introduction of these quarant ine pests to Canada with 
imported  plants for planting and fresh decorative branches.  
               
April 1, 2011  D-11-01 (Original ) 
Page 2 of 15 Table of contents 
 Review ......................................................................................................................... ....... 3 
Endorsement .................................................................................................................... ... 3 
Amendment Record ............................................................................................................ 3 
Distribution ................................................................................................................... ...... 3 
Introduction................................................................................................................... ...... 3 
Scope.......................................................................................................................... ......... 5 
References..................................................................................................................... ...... 5 
Definitions, abbreviations and acronyms............................................................................ 6 1.0 General requirements.............................................................................................. 6 
1.1 Legislative authority ........................................................................................... 6 
1.2 Fees ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Regulated pests ................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Exempted commodities....................................................................................... 6 1.6 Regulated areas ................................................................................................... 6 
2.0 Import Requirements .............................................................................................. 7 
2.1 Domestic requirements ....................................................................................... 7 
2.2 Regulated commodities from countries where Anoplophora spp. is present  
 and is not under official control.......................................................................... 7 2.3 Regulated commodities from countries ot her than the Continental U.S. where  
 populations of Anoplophora spp. are considered to be transient and are under  
 eradication and official control ........................................................................... 7 2.4      Regulated commodities from stat es of the Continental U.S. where ................... 8 
2.5 Regulated commodities from states of the Continental U.S. where  
 Anoplophora   spp. are known not to occur......................................................... 9 
3.0 Non-compliance...................................................................................................... 9 
4.0 Appendices.............................................................................................................. 9 Appendix 1  Host genera of Anoplophora spp.................................................................. 11 
Appendix 2  Areas and countries regulated for Anoplophora  spp.................................... 15 April 1, 2011  D-11-01 (Original ) 
Page 3 of 15 Review 
 
This directive will be reviewed every 5 year s unless otherwise needed.  .  For further 
information or clarificati on, please contact the CFIA. 
 
Endorsement 
 
Approved by:  
 
 
__________________________________ 
Chief, Plant Health Officer 
  
Amendment Record 
 
Amendments of this directive will be dated a nd distributed as outlined in the distribution 
below.  
Distribution 
 
1. Directive mail list (CFIA regional offices, CFIA Plant Health Risk Assessment 
Unit, United states Department of Agriculture) 
2. Provincial Government, industry (determined by author) 3. National Industry organizations (determined by author) 
4. Internet 
 
Introduction 
 
The purpose of this directive is  to prevent the introduction of Anoplophora spp. into 
Canada. All Anoplophora species are native to China, Japa n, Korea and other countries in 
Asia. Anoplophora chinensis  (Forester) (the citrus longhorned beetle (CLB)) and A. 
glabripennis  (Asian longhorned beetle (ALB)) are cons idered to be pests of great concern 
worldwide and are quarantine pe sts in many countries, including major trading partners 
of Canada, such as the United States (U.S .). Canada regulates the entire genus as 
quarantine pests.   Insects belonging to the genus Anoplophora  are wood-boring, longhorned beetles 
belonging to the family Cerambycidae, which  can either attack live, healthy trees or 
weakened and stressed trees. Trees ranging in size from bonsais to mature trees can be 
attacked. The larval stage is the most dama ging as it feeds intern ally on the vascular 
systems of the roots, trunk, stem branches or twigs of its hosts. The resulting tunnels 
weaken the tree and may, over several years, ki ll it. Secondary infection may also happen 
as a result of the entry of pathogens through feeding wounds or exit holes. Because much 
of their lifecycle is spent within the trees, th ese beetles are very difficult to detect until April 1, 2011  D-11-01 (Original ) 
Page 4 of 15 the tree shows signs of stress. It is also very difficult to control these pests as the larval 
and the pupal stages are prot ected from contact insecticid es and most predators and 
parasitoids.   The genus Anoplophora has a very large host range. Anoplophora chinensis  and A. 
glabripennis can attack over 100 species in at least 26 and 15 families respectively 
(CABI, 2005; Lingafeter & Hoebeke, 2002), including several economically important 
forest, fruit and ornamental plant species. A list of host plants  of CLB and ALB is 
included in Appendix 1.  Longhorned beetles have been moved around the world within wood packaging materials, dunnage and within live plants. This document is intended to provide the 
import requirements to prevent the entry of Anoplophora spp. via the plants for planting 
pathway and fresh decorative branches only. Other commodities, which may contribute to the dissemination of these pests, are re gulated in other CFIA policies. The policy 
directive D-98-08 ( Entry Requirements for Wood Pack aging Materials Produced in All 
Areas Other Than the Continental United States ) specifies the phytosan itary requirements 
for non-manufactured wood packing material s. The phytosanitary requirements for the 
import of forestry products can be found in the policy directive D-02-12 Import 
requirements for non-processed wood and ot her non-propagative wood products, except 
solid wood packaging material, from all area s other than the Contin ental United States. 
 
The first reported detection of A. chinensis  was in 1980 in the Netherlands and since 
2000, several breeding populations have been de tected in Italy, Fran ce, Lithuania and the 
Netherlands. CLB poses an economic and ecologi cal threat to horticulture, forestry and 
woodland trees in Europe and to citrus pr oduction in the Mediterranean (DEFRA 2008). 
In North America, no established populations of CLB have ever been  detected, but a few 
adult specimens were found in 2001 in a Wa shington State nursery. This finding was 
linked to the import of host material fr om Korea and, after the area underwent an 
intensive eradication program, the USDA was ab le to declare eradication as successful in 
2007. Other specimens of CLB were also inte rcepted on imported host material over the 
last few years, but these incidents were repor ted as interceptions only and did not lead to 
the establishment of a population. CLB has ne ver been detected in Canada. The potential 
impacts related to the uninte ntional introduction of CLB in Canada are expected to be 
major, considering that it can attack a wide  range of hosts including several economically 
important fruit, forest and ornamental plant species.  
The first discovery of an  established population of A. glabripennis  outside of its native 
range was in 1996 in Brooklyn, New York. The b eetle was later detected in Long Island, 
Queens and Manhattan. In 1998, another ALB was discovered in the suburbs of Chicago, Illinois. Established populations were also de tected in two separate New Jersey locations 
- in Jersey City in 2002 and in Middle sex/Union counties in 2004. In 2007, ALB was 
found on Staten and Prall’s Is lands in New York and in August 2008, it was detected in 
Worcester, Massachusetts.  Infestations in Illin ois and in Jersey City  have been declared 
eradicated. In Europe, breeding populations ha ve been detected in Austria, France, 
Germany and Italy, and several interceptions have been reported in various European April 1, 2011  D-11-01 (Original ) 
Page 5 of 15 countries. As of November 2010, the Netherlands have confirmed the first detection of an 
ALB population, which is curre ntly under eradication.  
In September 2003, ALB was detected for the first time in Canada within the Toronto 
area. The beetle was believed to have been introduced on non-manufactured wood 
packaging material several years prior to this detection. The CFIA removed 
approximately 26,000 trees as part of eradicati on efforts. An aggressive eradication plan 
is currently in place in Canada and annual surveys are being conducted to ensure early 
detection of any new infestations. Evidence s uggests that if eradication efforts are not 
successful, ALB could become a major pest of hardwood trees, result ing in large losses, 
especially for the maple products, tourism and hardwood lumber industries, and urban 
forests. If ALB were to spread to other pa rts of Canada, it could threaten other urban 
forests, as well as natural forests, includi ng provincial and federal parks, recreational 
areas and protected lands.   
Scope 
  
This directive is intended for use by those w ho wish to import nursery stock, plants for 
planting and fresh decorative branches from countries where Anoplophora spp. are 
known to occur. It is also intended for use by CFIA inspectors, the Canada Border Services Agency and foreign National Plant Protection Organizations (NPPOs) in order 
to determine the phytosanitary import requirements and domestic movement 
requirements for plants for planting and fresh decorative branches with respect to the 
requirements for Anoplophora  spp. 
 
References  
 
D-94-14, Permit to Import Requirements for Pl ant Material from the Continental United 
States. D-01-06, Canadian Phytosanitary Policy for the Notification of Non-Compliance and 
Emergency Action. D-08-04, Plant protection import requirements fo r plants and plant parts for planting: 
Preventing the entry and spread of regulated plant pests associated with the plants for 
planting pathway. D-10-03, Phytosanitary requireme nts to prevent the introduction into and spread within 
Canada of the Asian Long-horned Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis  (Motschulsky). (in 
consultation) ISPM No. 4 - Requirements for the establis hment of pest free areas. 1995. Rome, FAO. 
ISPM No. 5 - Glossary of Phytosanitar y Terms. Rome, FAO (updated annually). 
ISPM No.6 - Guidelines for surveillance. 1997. Rome, FAO. ISPM No. 10 - Requirements for the establishm ent of pest free places of production and 
pest free production sites, 1999. Rome, FAO. ISPM No. 14 - The use of integrated measur es in a systems approach for pest risk 
management. 2002. Rome, FAO. 
 
 April 1, 2011  D-11-01 (Original ) 
Page 6 of 15 Definitions, abbreviations and acronyms  
 
Definitions for terms used in the present document can be found in the Plant Health 
Glossary of Terms at www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plav eg/protect/dir/glosterme.shtml . 
1.0 General requirements  
 
1.1 Legislative authority  
 
The Plant Protection Act , S.C. 1990, c.22 
 The Plant Protection Regulations , SOR/95-212 
 Canadian Food Inspection Agency Fees Notice, Canada Gazette, Part I                (as amended from time to time)  
1.2 Fees  
 
The CFIA is charging fees  in accordance with the Canadian Food Inspection 
Agency Fees Notice . For information regarding fees  associated with imported 
product, please contact the Im port Service Centre (ISC) at 
http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/imp/importe.shtml
. Anyone requiring other 
information regarding fees may contact a ny local CFIA office or visit our Fees 
Notice Web Site:  
http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/reg/ cfiaacia/feesfrais/ feesfraise.shtml . 
        
1.3 Regulated pests  
 
The genus Anoplophora spp., including, but not limited to the following:   
  
A. chinensis , citrus longhorned beetle  
A. glabripennis , Asian longhorned beetle or starry sky beetle  
 
1.4 Regulated commodities  
 
All rooted and unrooted plants for planting and fresh decorative branches that are 
a host of Anoplophora  spp. and that have a diameter of 10 mm (0.4 in) or more at 
their widest point, includi ng artificially dwarfed plants  (bonsai and penjing). A 
list of host plants for Anoplophora spp. can be found in Appendix 1.  
 
1.5 Exempted commodities   
 
 All rooted and unrooted host plants for planting and fresh decorative branches 
which have a diameter less than 10 mm (0.4 in) at their widest point. 
  Dry or treated decorative material.   
1.6 Regulated areas  
 April 1, 2011  D-11-01 (Original ) 
Page 7 of 15  All countries where Anoplophora  spp. are known to occur. Refer to Appendix 2 
for a list of regulated countries. 
   
2.0 Import Requirements 
 
The import requirements specified in this policy directive are intended to prevent 
the entry of Anoplophora spp. only. Additional import re quirements may exist for 
other pests and will be outlined in different policy directives. 
 
2.1 Domestic requirements 
 
For ALB, the movement of regulated commodities from regulated to non-regulated areas of Canada requires writt en authorization by the CFIA and is 
authorized only under the pr ovisions stipulated in the Asian Longhorned Beetle 
Infested Place Order  
(http://www.inspection.gc. ca/english/plaveg/pestrav a/anogla/alhbmoe.shtml
).  
 
 Please contact your local office of  the CFIA for more information. 
 2.2 Regulated commodities from countries where Anoplophora spp. is present 
and is not under official control 
 
 The import of regulated commodities is prohibited
.  
 
2.3 Regulated commodities from countries  other than the Continental U.S. 
where populations of Anoplophora spp. are considered to be transient and 
are under eradication and official control 
 
 All regulated commodities must come from a pest free area (PFA) established and 
maintained according to ISPM No. 4 Requirements for the establishment of pest 
free areas . The establishment and maintenance of  a pest free area are based on the 
implementation of surveys, systems appro aches and testing protocols agreed to by 
the CFIA. 
  OR   All regulated commodities must come fr om a pest free place of production (PFPP) 
or pest free production site  (PFPS) established and main tained according to ISPM 
No. 10 Requirements for the establishment of  pest free places  of production and 
pest free production sites . The establishment and maintenance of a pest free place 
of production or pest free production s ite are based on the implementation of 
surveys, systems approaches and testi ng protocols agreed to by the CFIA. 
 April 1, 2011  D-11-01 (Original ) 
Page 8 of 15  Once a country is approved for the expor t of regulated material to Canada, the 
following requirements must be met: 
 
 A Permit to Import is required. 
  A Phytosanitary Certificate must acc ompany the material and include the 
following additional declaration: 
  «The plant material in this consignment was grown in an area, a production site or 
a place of production where Anoplophora spp. are known not to occur and was 
inspected and found free of Anoplophora spp.» 
  
 Additional declarations attesting to  freedom from other pests may be 
required depending on the commodity and country of origin. 
 
 Note:  The import of regulated material from countries where populations of 
Anoplophora  spp. are considered to be transien t and under official control is only 
approved from pest free areas, pest fr ee places of production or pest free 
production sites within these countries. The approval process of PFA, PFPP or 
PFPS for individual countries must be initiated by the e xporting country by 
submitting information to the CFIA describing the official control measures implemented against these pests. Official  control measures include, but are not 
limited to, systems approaches, surveys, and surveillance. Until the CFIA has reviewed and recognized the official c ontrol measures implemented by the NPPO 
in the exporting country as sufficien t to mitigate the risks of spreading 
Anoplophora spp., the import of regulated commodities from these countries is 
prohibited. Please consult ISPM No. 4, 6, 10 and 14, for more information about 
the establishment of pest free areas, pest  free production sites or pest free places 
of production, and about surveillance and systems approaches.  
  In the event of discrepanc ies between the list of plan t genera regulated by the 
CFIA and the foreign NPPO, the CFIA ’s list of hosts will prevail. 
  
2.4      Regulated commodities from states of the Continental U.S. where 
            populations of Anoplophora spp. have been detected and are currently under   
            official control 
 
The CFIA recognizes the regulated areas w ithin the U.S. as currently defined by 
the USDA (7 CFR 301.51). This recogniti on from the CFIA is based on the 
surveys and official control measures  implemented by the USDA. The CFIA 
considers insects bel onging to the genus Anoplophora to be serious quarantine 
pests and will continue to review the valid ity of this approach as new information 
becomes available.  
 
In order to be approved entry into Canada, regulated commodities from 
regulated areas must originate from fa cilities that have entered into a April 1, 2011  D-11-01 (Original ) 
Page 9 of 15 compliance agreement with the USDA a nd must meet the requirements of 
the U.S. Federal regulations related to A. glabripennis  (7 CFR 301.51).  
 
A Permit to Import is not requir ed unless specified in D-94-14 Permit to Import 
Requirements for Plant Material from  the Continental United States. 
 
A Phytosanitary Certificate must accompa ny the material and must include the 
following additional declaration: 
  «This shipment conforms to 7 CFR 301.51, which regulates the movement of 
plant material from areas regulated for A. glabripennis . » 
 
 Additional declarations attesting to  freedom from other pests may be 
required depending on the commodity and state of origin. 
 2.5 Regulated commodities from states of the Continental U.S. where 
Anoplophora  spp. are known not to occur 
 
 A Permit to Import is not requir ed unless specified in D-94-14 Permit to Import 
Requirements for Plant Material fr om the Continental United States . 
  A Phytosanitary Certificate is requ ired. An additional declaration for 
Anoplophora  spp. is not required. 
 
Additional declarations attesting to  freedom from other pests may be 
required depending on the commodity and state of origin. 
 
3.0 Non-compliance  
 
The CFIA will take appropriate action against non-compliant shipments.   The importer is responsible for any and all costs related to inspection and any 
costs associated with non-compliant sh ipments, including removal, return to 
origin, rerouting, treatment, disposal or  any other measure deemed necessary by 
the CFIA. Canada will provide notifica tion to the exporting country’s NPPO of 
any interception and non-compliance. Th e detection of quarantine pests during 
inspection in Canada or any other non-co mpliance may result in the suspension of 
the importation of commodities from that country until remedial action is taken at 
origin.  For more information, please refer to the CFIA policy directive D-01-06 
Canadian Phytosanitary Policy for the Notification of Non-Compliance and 
Emergency Action . 
 
4.0 Appendices  
 
 Appendix 1 – Host genera of Anoplophora  spp. April 1, 2011  D-11-01 (Original ) 
Page 10 of 15  
Appendix 2 – Areas and c ountries regulated for Anoplophora  spp.  
  April 1, 2011  D-11-01 (Original ) 
Page 11 of 15 Appendix 1  
Host genera of Anoplophora spp. 
 
Note:  This table lists the host plants for Anoplophora chinensis  and A. glabripennis.  
Please note that it will be amended in the future to include information about the host 
plants for other species of Anoplophora spp. once pest risk assessments have been 
completed.  
Host  A. chinensis A. glabripennis 
Acacia spp. X  
Acer spp. X X 
Aesculus spp. X X 
Albizia  spp. X X 
Allocasuarina  spp. X  
Alnus spp. X X 
Aralia spp. X  
Betula spp. X X 
Broussonetia spp. X  
Cajanus spp. X  
Camellia spp. X  
Carpinus spp. X X 
Carya spp. X  
Castanea spp. X  
Castanopsis spp. X  
Casuarina spp. X  
Celtis spp.  X 
Cercidiphyllum spp.  X 
Citrus spp. X  April 1, 2011  D-11-01 (Original ) 
Page 12 of 15 Cornus spp. X  
Corylus spp. X  
Cotoneaster spp. X  
Crataegus spp. X  
Cryptomeria spp. X  
Elaeagnus spp. X X 
Eriobotrya spp. X  
Fagus spp. X X 
Fallopia spp. X  
Ficus spp. X  
Fortunella spp. X  
Fraxinus spp. X X 
Hedera spp. X  
Hibiscus spp. X X 
Ilex spp. X  
Juglans spp. X  
Lagerstroemia spp. X  
Lindera spp. X  
Liquidambar spp. X X 
Litchi spp. X  
Maackia spp. X  
Machilus spp. X  
Mallotus spp. X  
Malus spp.  X April 1, 2011  D-11-01 (Original ) 
Page 13 of 15 Melia spp. X X 
Morus spp. X X 
Olea spp. X  
Photinia spp. X  
Pinus spp. X  
Platanus spp. X X 
Poncitrus spp. X  
Populus spp. X X 
Prunus spp. X X 
Psidium spp. X  
Pyracantha spp. X  
Pyrus spp. X X 
Quercus spp. X  
Rhododendron spp. X  
Rhus spp. X  
Robinia spp. X X 
Rosa spp. X  
Rubus spp. X  
Salix spp. X X 
Severinia spp. X  
Shima spp. X  
Sophora spp. X X 
Sorbus spp. X X 
Styrax spp. X  April 1, 2011  D-11-01 (Original ) 
Page 14 of 15 Tectona spp. X  
Tilia spp.  X 
Toona spp.  X 
Toxicodendron spp. X  
Triadica spp. X  
Ulmus spp. X X 
Vernicia spp. X  
Viburnum spp. X  
Ziziphus spp. X  
 
 
                      April 1, 2011  D-11-01 (Original ) 
Page 15 of 15 Appendix 2  
Areas and countries regulated for Anoplophora  spp. 
 
Countries where Anoplophora spp. are present and  are not under official 
control 
 
Country A. chinensis A. glabripennis 
China X X 
Indonesia X  
Japan X X 
Korea, Republic of X X 
Korea, Democratic People’s 
Republic of X X 
Malaysia X  
Myanmar X  
Philippines X  
Taiwan X X 
Vietnam X  
 
Countries other than the Continen tal U.S. where populations of Anoplophora 
spp. are considered to be transient and are under eradication and official 
control. 
 
Country A. chinensis A. glabripennis 
Croatia X  
European Union* X X 
 
*Countries of the EU: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, 
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, H ungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, 
Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, 
Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. 
 
U.S. states where populations of Anoplophora spp. have been detected and 
are currently under eradication and official control 
 
U.S. state A. chinensis A. glabripennis 
Massachusetts  X 
New Jersey  X 
New York  X 
 
Note: The CFIA recognizes the regulated areas within these states as currently defined by 
the USDA (7 CFR 301.51).