WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  RESTRICTED 
WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
17 November 2011 
 (11-5995) 
Working Party on the Accession 
of the Russian Federation  
 
 
 
REPORT OF THE WORKING PARTY ON  
THE ACCESSION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 
 
Part II – Schedule of Specific Commitments on Services  
List of Article II MFN Exemptions 
 
Addendum 
  
 As indicated in paragraph 1451 of the Report of the Working Party on the Accession of the 
Russian Federation (WT/ACC/RUS/70 and WT/MIN(11)/2), the Schedule of Specific Commitments on Services resulting from the negotiations between  the Russian Federation and WTO Members is 
annexed to the Protocol of Accession of the Russian Federation and is reproduced hereunder. 
  
 
  
_______________ 
   
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 2 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS  
In the present Schedule of Specific Commi tments (hereinafter "the Schedule"): 
- Asterisk (*) designates "part of"; 
- CPC numbers indicated in the brackets with  regard to sectors/sub-sectors of services  are references to the UN Provisional Cen tral Product Classification of the UN 
(Statistical Papers Series M No. 77, Provisional Central Product Classification, Department of International Economics and Soci al Affairs, Statistical Office of the United 
Nations, New York, 1991).  The (**) indica tes that the service specified constitutes only part of the total range of activities  covered by CPC concordance (as indicated in 
MTN.GNS/W/120); 
- "Juridical person of the Russian Federation" means a juridical person as defined in the legislation of the Russian Federation . 
All sectors/sub-sectors included in this Schedule 
- Subsidies and other forms of State 
support  (3) Access to subsidies and other forms 
of State support, including access to 
the financial and other material resources of the State, may be 
granted only to juridical persons of 
the Russian Federation established within the territory of the Russian 
Federation or established within a 
particular region of the Russian 
Federation. 
  As criteria of access of these 
juridical persons to subsidies and 
other forms of State support, including access to the financial and 
other material resources of the State, 
different qualifications such as, inter alia , belonging to small 
business enterprises, entities of 
social importance and public utilities, as well as employment of 
categories of persons suffering from 
their unfavourable social and economic position, may be 
considered. 
  Unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support 
related to research and development   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
as well as supply of services within 
the public sector1. 
 (4) Access to subsidies and other forms 
of State support, including access to 
the financial and other material resources of the State, may be 
granted only to citizens of the 
Russian Federation. 
- Land transactions  (1), (2), (3), (4)   Foreign ownership is 
prohibited for agricultural land and 
border territories and may be limited 
for other types of land.  Rent of land plots is permitted for the period of 
49 years (with possible 
prolongation).  
- Participation in privatization and 
companies to be privatized (3) Commercial presence through the 
participation2 in privatisation and/or 
through participation in the juridical 
persons of the Russian Federation to 
be privatised may be limited. (3) Commercial presence through the 
participation4  in privatisation and/or 
through participation in the juridical 
persons of the Russian Federation to 
be privatised may be limited.  
- Types of commercial presence (3) Representative offices are not 
allowed to perform any commercial activity, including the supply of 
services. 
  Unbound with respect to commercial 
presence through constitution, 
acquisition or maintenance of a non-commercial organisation (unless 
otherwise provided in the 
Sector-specific commitments of this Schedule). (3) Unbound with respect to commercial 
presence through constitution, acquisition or maintenance of a 
non-commercial organisation (unless 
otherwise provided in the Sector-specific commitments of this 
Schedule).  
                                                      
1 For the purposes of this limitation, these services shall be u nderstood as those types of services receiving subsidies as of 1 9 November 2006. 
2 The limitation on participation does not extend to foreign fi nancing of privatization not resulting in acquisition of control and/or property rights.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 4 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
- Public utilities (3)    In th e Russian Federation services 
considered as public utilities as of 
the date of accession at a national3 or 
local level may be subject to public 
monopolies or to exclusive rights 
granted to private operators4.   
- Indigenous small peoples and 
exiguous ethnic communities  (1), (3), (4)   Special regime of the use of 
land of traditional residence and 
economic activity of the indigenous 
small peoples and exiguous ethnic communities may be established.  
- Production sharing agreements for 
the exploration, development and 
production of mineral raw materials  (1), (3)   Juridical persons of the Russian 
Federation have the priority right to 
take part in the conduct of the Agreement operations as contractors, 
suppliers, carriers or in any other 
capacity under agreements (contracts) with Investors. 
(4) Not less than 80% of all employed 
personnel engaged in realization of a 
production sharing agreement should 
be citizens of the Russian Federation.  
- Presence of natural persons (4) Unbound, except for: 
 
A. Intra-corporate transfer (ICT).  In 
respect of intra-co rporate transfer 
temporary entry and stay in respect 
of natural persons who are not citizens of the Russian Federation 
seeking entry for the purpose of: 
 (a) supply of service through a (4) Unbound, except for measures 
indicated in the column "Limitations 
on market access" and subject to the following: 
 
-  only natural persons temporarily or 
permanently residing in the 
Russian Federation and possessing 
the Russian qualification certificate of  professional accountant may hold  
                                                      
3 Pursuant to existing federal legislation. 
4 Explanatory note:  Exclusive rights on such services may be granted to private operators, for instance operators with concessi ons from organs of state power and local 
self-governmental organs, subject to specific services obligations.  Given that public utilities often also exist at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation and at the level 
of local self-government, detailed and exhaustiv e sector-specific scheduling is not practical.  
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
commercial presence in the territory 
of the Russian Federation, shall be 
for a maximum period of 3 years (which may be extended) provided 
that said natural persons: 
 
- are considered as key 
personnel; 
- are temporarily transferred into 
a commercial presence 
constituted in the territory of 
the Russian Federation, in the form of subsidiary, dependent 
company or branch of a 
juridical person of another  Member performing such intra-
corporate transf er, which are 
effectively engaged in the 
supply of respective services in 
the territory of the Russian Federation; 
- no less than 1 year immediately 
prior to the said intra-corporate transfer have been employed by 
a juridical person of another 
Member performing such intra-corporate transfer. a position as a chief accountant or an 
acting chief accountant
5. 
  
 
  
 
  
                                                      
5 Foreign natural persons entering the territory of the Russian Federation to hold a position as chief accountant can obtain the  status of temporary resident in accordance 
with the legislation of the Russian Federation before  entering the territory of the Russian Federation.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 6 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
 (b) representation of the interests of a 
juridical person of another Member 
performing such intra-corporate transfer, through a representative 
office in the territory of the 
Russian Federation, shall be for a maximum period of 3 years (which 
may be extended) provided that such 
natural persons: 
 
- hold the position of head of a 
representative office or serve as senior managers of the 
representative office of a 
juridical person of another Member performing such 
intra-corporate transfer; 
- are temporarily transferred into 
a representative office in the 
Russian Federation; 
- have been employed by a 
juridical person of another 
Member performing such intra-corporate transfer not less 
than 1 year immediately prior 
to the said intra-corporate transfer. 
 
With respect to intra- corporate transfer to 
a representative office the total number 
(including the head of the representative 
office) of natural persons shall not exceed 5; and with respect to banking, shall not 
exceed 2.    
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 7Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
 In this context the following categories of 
natural persons are understood as "key 
personnel":  
- persons working in senior positions 
within the aforementioned commercial presence (subsidiary, 
dependent company or branch) who 
primarily direct the management of such commercial presence receiving 
general supervision or direction  
principally from the board of directors or stockholders or their 
equivalent; 
- persons working in the 
aforementioned commercial 
presence (subsidiary, dependent 
company or branch) and possessing 
high level of qualification and/or 
uncommon knowledge essential for the supply of services by such 
commercial presence. 
 Only a natural person permanently 
residing in the territory of the 
Russian Federation and possessing a Russian qualification certificate of 
professional accountant may hold a 
position of a chief accountant or an acting chief accountant.     
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 8 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
 B. Business visitors (BV).  A period of 
maximum 90 days inclusively is set 
up for the temporary entry and stay in the territory of the Russian 
Federation of natural persons who 
are not citizens of the Russian Federation seeking such 
temporary entry and stay for the 
purpose of: 
 
- representation of a foreign 
service supplier in negotiations for supply of services; 
- establishment of commercial 
presence (mentioned in section A of these commitments) of a 
service supplier of another 
Member. 
 
The aforementioned persons shall not be engaged in the direct supply of such 
services and shall not supply such 
services themselves.    
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 9Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
II. SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES 
A. Professional Services 
(a) Legal services,  
except for notary services  
(CPC 861*) only on private international law, international 
public law and the law of the country 
in which jurisdiction the personnel of the services supplier is qualified  (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- with respect to advocates' activity 
only:  advocates
6 can exercise 
advocates' activity only through 
Advocates' cabinet, Advocates' 
bureau, Advocates' collegiums or a legal advice office. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(b) Accounting, auditing and 
bookkeeping services 
(CPC 862*) with respect to auditing 
services (CPC 86211 and 
CPC 86212* except bookkeeping/accounting services
7) (1), (2)   None, except the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to mandatory 
audit; 
- the auditing reports must be signed 
by an auditor certified under the law 
of the Russian Federation, who 
works under contract with a juridical person of the Russian Federation 
licensed to perform auditing activity. (1), (2)   None, except as indicated in the 
column  "Limitations on market 
access" 
  
                                                      
6 An advocate is a natural person, obtaining  advocate's status in accordance with the Russian legislation. Only advocates are al lowed to: 
  - carry out representation in criminal courts and Russian ar bitration tribunals; 
  - act as representatives of organisations, governmental bodies, local government bodies in civil and administrative court pro ceedings and court proceedings relating 
to administrative offence cases. 
7 Bookkeeping and accounting services shall be understood to m ean operation in the field of accountancy/bookkeeping, namely: 
  - organization of bookkeeping and presentation of accounting st atements to the end-user concer ned (e.g. chief executives, fou nders, participants, owners, lenders, 
tax and finance authorities); 
  - operation in concrete bookkeeping and accounting area/areas, such as, for example, keeping account of fixed assets, invento ry holdings, production costs or sales 
of products (e.g. goods, works, services); 
  - consulting on issues of organization and management of accounting records for fu ller and more accurate reflection of the ob jects of accounting (e.g. assets, 
liabilities, capital) and their movement in the course of economic activity based on the requirements of the legislation in for ce regulating bookkeeping.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 10 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
 (3) None, except the following: 
 
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation, which is a 
commercial organisation of organisational and legal form other 
than an open joint-stock company. 
-  at least five auditors possessing a 
qualification certificate must be on 
the staff of an auditing organisation. 
-  persons engaged in auditing 
activities are not allowed to perform 
any other business activity not 
associated with auditing
8. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments", 
and subject to the following: 
 - not less than 75% of the staff of an 
auditing organization headed by a  
foreigner must be citizens of the Russian Federation; (3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments" and 
subject to the following: 
 - at least 50% of the staff of an 
auditing organisation must be 
persons permanently residing in the Russian Federation.  
                                                      
8 Activities associated with auditing: 
  - the arrangement, restoratio n and running a bookkeeping system, the compilation of financial (accounting) statements, the pr ovision of accounting consultations; 
  - the provision of tax consultations; 
  - the analysis of the organization's and individual entrepre neur's financial and economic activities, the provision of econom ic and financial consultations; 
  - the provision of management consultation, in particular, in connection with a re-structuring of the organization; 
  - the provision of legal advice and also representation in th e court and tax bodies in relation to tax and customs disputes; 
  - the implementation of accounting automation and information technologies;   - the appraisal of assets, the appraisal of enterprises as an aggregate of assets and also entrepreneurial risk assessment; 
  - the elaboration and analysis of investment projects, the compilation of business plans; 
  - the performance of marketing studies;   - the performance of research and development in a field co nnected with audit and the dissemination of their results, in part icular on paper and electronic media; 
  - the training of specialists in audit-related fields in the manner established by Russian law; 
  - the provision of other audit-related services.  
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 11Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
  - only those employees of a legal 
entity who possess auditor 
qualification certificates are allowed to act as auditors; 
- the access to the procedures of 
certification is allowed only to persons who have a work record of 
no less than 3 out of the last 5 years 
in an economic or juridical speciality; 
- persons engaged in auditing 
activities are not allowed to engage in any other business activity not 
associated with auditing.   
Bookkeeping/Accounting Services9 
 (1), (2)   None except the following: 
 - the accounting report must be signed 
by an accountant/bookkeeper 
certified under the law of the 
Russian Federation, who works 
under contract with a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation.  (1), (2)   None, except the following: 
 - the accounting report must be signed 
by an accountant/bookkeeper 
certified under the law of the 
Russian Federation, who works 
under contract with a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access".  
                                                      
9 Bookkeeping and accounting services shall be understood to m ean operation in the field of accountancy/bookkeeping, namely: 
  - organization of bookkeeping and presentation of accounting st atements to the end-user concer ned (e.g. chief executives, fou nders, participants, owners, lenders, 
tax and finance authorities); 
  - operation in concrete bookkeeping and accounting area/areas, such as, for example, keeping account of fixed assets, invento ry holdings, production costs or sales 
of products (e.g. goods, works, services); 
  - consulting on issues of organization and management of accounting records for fuller and more accurate reflection  of the o bjects of accounting (e.g. assets, 
liabilities, capital) and their movement in the course of economic activity based on the requirements of the legislation in for ce regulating bookkeeping.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
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 (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments" and 
the following: 
 
- only natural persons temporarily or 
permanently residing in the Russian Federation may hold a position of a 
head of an organisation supplying 
bookkeeping services.
10  
(c) Taxation services  
(CPC 863) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following: 
 - commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation.  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market access". 
 
  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(d) Architectural services  
 (CPC 8671) 
(g) Urban planning and landscape 
architectural services  
(CPC 8674) (1)   None, except the following: 
 
- provision of services is allowed only 
jointly with an architect who is a 
citizen or a juridical person of the 
Russian Federation which is a commercial organisation licensed to 
carry out architectural activity. 
 (2) None. 
(3) None, except the following: 
 - a juridical person is granted a licence 
provided that: 
- one of its senior executives is 
licensed to perform architectural 
activity, or 
- this juridical person employs under a (1)   None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
 
 
  
 
 (2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market access", and the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support 
related to architectural and urban-
planning and landscape architectural  
                                                      
10 Foreign natural person entering the territory of the Russian Fe deration to hold a position of a head of an organisation supply ing bookkeeping/accounting services can 
obtain the status of temporary resident in  accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation before entering the territ ory of the Russian Federation.  
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
labour contract an architect 
personally supervising designing 
works which is licensed to perform architectural activity. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". services for buildings and objects of 
national identity and/or buildings 
and objects of cultural heritage specified in official registries. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". 
(e) Engineering services  
(CPC 8672) 
(f) Integrated engineering services 
(CPC 8673) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None.  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support related to engineering and integrated 
engineering services for buildings 
and objects of national identity and/or buildings and objects of 
cultural heritage specified in official 
registries. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments ".  
(h) Medical and dental services  
(CPC 93121*, 93122*, 93123*) 
(j) Services provided by midwives, 
nurses, physiotherapists and 
paramedical personnel  
(CPC 93191*) 
 
Except: 
- coercive medical treatment of people 
who suffer mental disorders and 
have committed acts endangering 
public safety; 
- treatment of drug addicts; (1), (2)   None, except the following: 
 
- compensation of costs of medical 
services qualifying for the package 
provided under the system of State 
guarantees of free health care for citizens of the Russian Federation.
11 
 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. (1), (2)   None, except the following: 
 
- compensation of costs of medical 
services qualifying for the package 
provided under the system of State 
guarantees free health care for citizens of the Russian Federation.
12 
 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
   
                                                      
11 The system of State guarantees  of free health care for citizen s of the Russian Federation establishes compensation of medical services from budgets at all levels 
(federal, subjects of the Russian Federation, local self-government) and through mandatory medical insurance. 
12 The system of State guarantees  of free health care for citizen s of the Russian Federation establishes compensation of medical services from budgets at all levels 
(federal, subjects of the Russian Federation, local self-government) and through mandatory medical insurance.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
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Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
- certain types of examinations to 
authorise payment of State 
allowances (autopsy, diagnosis of persistent or temporary disability), to 
establish legal liability (forensic 
pathology, forensic psychiatry, army medicine) - to provide medical and dental 
services it is necessary to obtain an 
authorisation for the supply of specified services in a specified 
territory.  The authorization is issued 
on non-discriminatory basis.  The following considerations are taken as 
criteria for issuance of such an 
authorisation: 
 
- uniform and balanced 
availability to the population of services of particular type,  
including services of medical 
specialists in specific areas; 
- ensuring equal availability to 
the population of medical 
services irrespective of the 
place and conditions of 
habitation, including hi-tech, specialised and costly types of 
medical aid; 
- ensuring establishment of 
health care organisations, 
facility standards of which 
include "heavy equipment"; establishment of such medical 
organisations is based on a 
"substitution" principle aimed at guaranteeing the provision of 
services by such organizations 
to the population throughout the whole populated territory of 
the country; 
- adjustment of the number of 
suppliers of medical and dental 
services to the standards of 
availability to the population of 
medical and dental services for 
which the costs are compensated with State funds;  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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- maintenance of the minimum 
required level of availability of 
health care to the population to the extent of the types and 
volumes guaranteed by the 
State. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments", and subject to the following: 
 
- acting head of the single-man 
executive body must be a citizen of 
the Russian Federation.  
 
  
 
  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". 
 
B. Computer and Related Services (CPC 84) 
 (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
 
 
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None, except the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support 
related to national culture and identity. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 16 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
C.  Research and Development Services 
(b)  Research and development services 
on social science and humanities 
(CPC 852*) only with respect to:  
 
- Cultural sciences, sociology and 
psychology  
 (CPC 85201), 
-  Economics  
 (CPC 85202),  -  Law  
 (CPC 85203),  
-  Other social and humanitarian 
sciences  
 (CPC 85209). 
 (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
  
 
  
(3)  None. 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
(4)  Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1), (2) None, except the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to 
participation in research and 
developments fully or partially 
financed by public funds. 
 
(3)  None, except the following: 
 - unbound with respect to 
participation in research and 
developments fully or partially financed by public funds; 
- unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support related to national culture and 
identity. 
 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
D. Real Estate Services (CPC 821*, CPC 822*) Except with respect to agricultural land plots. 
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following: 
 - commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation. 
 
 
  
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market access" and the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support for 
real-estate services, related to 
buildings, land plots and objects of national identity and/or buildings, 
land plots and objects of cultural 
heritage specified in official registries. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
E. Rental/Leasing Services without Operators 
(a) Relating to ships  
(CPC 83103) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation; 
- the right to fly the State flag of the 
Russian Federation shall be granted to vessels owned by:  
 
- citizens of the 
Russian Federation; 
- juridical persons of the 
Russian Federation; 
- subjects of the 
Russian Federation; and  
- municipal bodies. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(b) Relating to aircraft  
(CPC 83104) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I  "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I  "Horizontal commitments".  
(c) Related to other transport equipment 
 only with respect to motor transport  
 (CPC 83101 + 83102) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 18 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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(d) Relating to other machinery and 
equipment  
(CPC 83107-83109) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) Unbound. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
(e) Other  
(CPC 832*) with respect to rent or lease of articles for personal use or 
home use (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
F. Other Business Services 
Licences issued to foreign-owned companies to operate under the cu rrent system will remain in eff ect after the date of Russia's  accession to the WTO in accordance with the 
terms and conditions of Russia's licensing regime. 
(a) Advertising services 
(CPC 871) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
 
 
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None, except the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support 
related to national culture and identity. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(b) Market research 
(CPC 86401) 
(c) Management consulting service 
(CPC 865) 
(d) Services Related to management 
consulting  
 (CPC 866*) except labour arbitration 
(CPC 86602) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 19Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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(e) Technical testing and analysis 
services 
(CPC 8676) (1), (2)  None only with respect to testing 
of core samples in relation to 
mining, and subject to respective authorization for export of samples, 
otherwise unbound. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1), (2) None only with respect to testing 
of core samples in relation to 
mining, and subject to respective authorization for export of samples, 
otherwise unbound. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on Market 
Access". 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(f)  Services incidental to agriculture 
(CPC 881*) only with respect to 
consulting services (1)  None 
(2)  None 
(3) None except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation. 
 (4)  Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments" (1)  None 
(2)  None 
(3)  None except as  indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access" 
 
 
 (4)  Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments"  
(g) Services incidental to fishing 
(CPC 882*) 
- only related to supply of fishery 
equipment, construction, repair and 
servicing of fishing vessels (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None, except the following: 
 
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation, in the form 
of a joint-stock company or a limited liability company. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
 
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 20 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
Services incidental to  fishing (CPC 882*) 
with respect to consulting services only (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3)  None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(h) Services incidental to mining 
(CPC 883*) only with respect to 
consulting services (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on Market 
Access". 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(i) Services incidental to manufacturing 
(CPC 8845*, 8846*, 8848*, 8851* and 8852*) only with respect to 
services relating to operation of 
production process, excluding services relating to operation of 
production process connected with 
products essential for national security or defence in accordance 
with the legislation of the 
Russian Federation.  For transparency purposes:  no right to 
own or lease production facilities is 
granted to services supplier or his commercial presence. (1) Unbound. 
(2) Unbound. (3) None, except the following: 
 
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) Unbound. 
(2) Unbound. (3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on Market 
Access". 
 
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 21Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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(j) Services incidental to energy 
distribution (CPC 887*) 
 only with respect to consulting 
services (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on Market 
Access". 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(k) Placement and supply services for 
personnel 
(CPC 872)  (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on Market 
Access". 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(l) Investigation and security 
(CPC 873*), except:  
- the services related to bank 
collection and depositing, transportation of securities, etc. 
(CPC 87304) 
- investigation services 
(CPC 87301) 
- alarm monitoring services 
(CPC 87303) 
- and other security services 
(CPC 87309) (1) Unbound. 
(2) Unbound. (3) None, except the following: 
 
-  commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation; 
- prior authorisation from the 
competent authorities is required. 
Procedures for authorisation are 
based, inter alia , on such 
considerations as competence, 
professional reputation and 
independence, knowledge of the corresponding regulatory 
framework, confirmation of ability 
to protect public security and public order. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments", (1) Unbound. 
(2) Unbound. (3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 22 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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and subject to the following: 
 
- the head of a juridical person must 
be a citizen of the 
Russian Federation permanently 
residing in the territory of the Russian Federation. 
(m) Related scientific and technical 
consulting services 
- with respect to geological, 
geophysical and other research 
services only 
(CPC 86751*), except field works (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
- Subsurface surveying services only 
with respect to consulting  
 (CPC 86752*) except field works 
-  Surface surveying services only with 
respect to consulting services  
 (CPC 86753*) except field works (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  Unbound. 
(3)  None, except the following: 
 -       commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) Unbound. 
(2)  Unbound. 
(3)  None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on Market Access". 
 
 
 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(n) Maintenance and repair of 
equipment  
 (CPC 633)  (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(o) Building-cleaning services 
(CPC 874) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal section".   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 23Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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(p) Photographic Services 
(CPC 875*),  except: 
 
- specialty photography services 
(CPC 87504) 
- and other photographic services 
(CPC 87509) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None.  
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support related to national culture and 
identity. 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(q) Packaging Services 
(CPC 876*),  except: 
 
- bottling of alcoholic and alcohol-
containing products (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(r) Printing, publishing 
(CPC 88442) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following: 
 
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
- for publishing:  founders of mass 
media agencies cannot be foreign citizens or persons without 
citizenship. 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access" and subject to the following: 
 - unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support 
related to national culture and identity. 
 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(s) Services directly related to 
organisation and holding of negotiations, meetings and 
conferences 
(CPC 87909*) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 24 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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(t) Other: 
- Translation and interpretation 
services (CPC 87905); 
- Duplicating services 
(CPC 87904); 
- Specialty (interior) design services 
(CPC 87907) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
- Hairdressing and barbers' services 
(CPC 97021)  
 and Cosmetic treatment, manicuring 
and pedicuring services  
 (CPC 97022) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None, except the following: 
 
-       commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation. 
 (4)  Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. (3)  None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
 
 
 (4)  Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES  
В. Courier services ( СРС  7512*) 
Only with respect to: 
- Handling13 of addressed parcels and 
packages (including books, 
catalogues); 
- Handling14 of addressed press 
products (journals, newspapers, 
periodicals); 
- Express delivery services15 for 
addressed letters, addressed parcels 
and packages, and addressed press products. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following: 
 -       сommercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market access". 
 
  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". Juridical persons of the Russian 
Federation, which are operators supplying 
services listed in the column 
"Sector/subsector" (including those with foreign participation), will exercise their 
activity under conditions (enjoy the 
treatment) not less favourable than the conditions (treatment) enjoyed by the 
national postal operator with respect to the 
provision of services not assigned as an exclusive right to a national postal 
operator (competitive type of activity). 
                                                      
13 The term "handling" should be taken to incl ude clearance, sorting, transport and delivery. 
14 The term "handling" should be taken to incl ude clearance, sorting, transport and delivery. 
15 Express delivery services, in addition to significantly great er tariffs for delivery of writte n correspondence (i.e. letters, post cards), as well as high speed and greater 
reliability of delivery, may include other value added elements su ch as collection from point of origin, personal delivery to a ddressee, tracing and tracking, possibility of changing 
the destination and addressee in transit, confirmation of receipt .  Significantly greater tariffs for delivery of written corre spondence are tariffs, which are more than five times 
higher in comparison with the basic public tariff of the nati onal postal operator for a delivery of written correspondence in t he first weight of the fastest standard category.  
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 25Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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C. Telecommunications services16 
(Telecommunications17 services for the purposes of this Schedule do not include the distribution18 of television and/or radio programmes)  
(a) Public voice telephone services 
(CPC 7521): 
- local telephone services 
(CPC 75211); 
- long distance and international 
communication services 
(CPC 75212); 
- mobile telephone services 
(CPC 75213). 
(b) Packet switched data transmission 
services (CPC 7523**) 
(c) Circuit-switched data transmission 
services (CPC 7523**) 
(g) Private leased circuit services 
(CPC 7522**, 7523**) 
(h) Electronic mail 
(CPC 7523**) 
(i) Voice mail 
(CPC 7523**) 
(j) On-line information and data base 
retrieval 
(CPC 7523**) 
(k) Electronic data interchange (EDI) 
(CPC 7523**) 
(l) Enhanced/value-added facsimile 
services, incl. store and retrieve 
(m) Code and protocol conversion 
(n) On-line information and/or data 
processing (incl. transaction processing) 
(CPC843**) (1) None, except the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to radio 
communication services including 
satellite communication, except:  
- from the date of Russia's 
accession to the WTO, none only with respect to fixed 
satellite services provided by 
foreign satellite operators to any juridical person of the 
Russian Federation possessing 
a licence for telecommunication services; 
- after 3 years, starting from the 
date of Russia's accession to 
the WTO, none with respect to 
other satellite services provided by foreign satellite operators to 
any juridical person of the 
Russian Federation possessing a licence for 
telecommunication services. 
 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following : 
 
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation; 
 
- total foreign participation in the (1) None, except the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to radio 
communication services including 
satellite communication, except:  
- from the date of Russia's 
accession to the WTO, none only with respect to fixed 
satellite services provided by 
foreign satellite operators to any juridical person of the 
Russian Federation possessing 
a licence for telecommunication services; 
- after 3 years, starting from the 
date of Russia's accession to 
the WTO, none with respect to 
other satellite services provided by foreign satellite operators to 
any juridical person of the 
Russian Federation possessing a licence for 
telecommunication services. 
 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market access". 
 
  
 The Russian Federation undertakes 
additional commitments as contained in the Reference Paper "Additional 
Commitments of the Russian Federation 
in Basic Telecommunications Services"  attached to this Schedule of Specific 
Commitments. 
                                                      
16 Commitments on Telecommunication services ar e scheduled taking into acco unt the provisions of the following documents: "Notes for Scheduling Basic Telecom 
Services Commitments" (S/GBT/W/2/Rev.1); "Market Ac cess Limitations on Spectrum Availability" (S/GBT/W/3). 
17 "Telecommunications" means the transmission and r eception of signals by any electromagnetic means. 
18 Distribution of television and/or radio programmes is defined as the uninterrupted transmission of signals required for the di stribution of TV and radio programme 
signals to the general public, but does not cover contribution links between operators.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 26 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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(o) Other 
(CPC 7529) charter capital (voting shares) of 
incumbent operators (listed in the 
Annex I and successors of those, listed in the Annex I) may be limited 
to 49% for a period not to exceed 4 
years starting from the date of Russia's accession to the WTO. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
 
  
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". 
(d) Telex services 
(part of CPC 7523**) 
(e) Telegraph services 
(part of CPC 7522*) 
(f) Facsimile services 
(part of CPC 7521**, 7529**) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 27Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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D. Audiovisual services 
(a) Motion picture and video tape 
production and distribution services 
(CPC 9611*) 
 only with respect to the sale or rental 
of movies or tapes to other  
industries for public entertainment, or sale or rental to others. For the 
purpose of clarity: these 
commitments do not cover motion picture or video tape broadcasting or 
other similar form s of transmission 
to the general public (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
-       commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access" and subject to the following: 
 - unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support, 
including access to the financial and other material resources of the State. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(b) Motion picture or video tape 
projection services (CPC 96121* 
and CPC 96122*) 
 by Cinema theatre owners only, 
excluding projection services for 
government19 endorsed film festivals 
and other cultural events (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation; 
- authorisation from local authorities 
on a non-discriminatory basis is 
required, taking into account city 
development planning and programmes of social and economic 
development in their jurisdiction. 
  
 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access" and subject to the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support, including access to the financial and 
other material resources of the State; 
- unbound with respect to timing and 
selection of repert oire for selected 
segments of the population, for 
example repertoire for children or indigenous ethnic communities or 
other ethnic groups. 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
                                                      
19 For the purpose of transparency, "government" covers national, regional or local governmental bodies.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 28 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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(c) Sale of TV and radio programs to 
TV and radio stations, excluding 
broadcasting.  For the purpose of clarity:  these commitments do not 
cover TV and radio programs 
broadcasting or other similar forms of transmission to the general public (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) Unbound. (4) Unbound. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) Unbound. (4) Unbound.  
3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES 
A. General construction work for 
buildings 
(CPC 512) 
B. General construction work for civil 
engineering 
(CPC 513, including dredging) 
C. Installation and assembly work 
(CPC 514, 516) 
D. Building completion and finishing 
work 
(CPC 517) 
E. Other 
(CPC 51120, 515, 518) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None.  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support related to construction and civil 
engineering services for buildings 
and objects of national identity and/or buildings and objects of 
cultural heritage specified in official 
registries. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
                                                      
20 For the purposes of transparency: this code includ es CPC 5115 ("Site preparation work for mining").  
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 29Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES* 
Except distribution of weapons and arms systems, military ammunition and materiel, explosives, equipment and devices for explos ion works and pyrotechnics, precious metals' 
scrap, precious metals and gems, narcotics and psychotropic substances. 
A. Commission agents' services21 
(CPC 621*, including perfumes and 
cosmetics; CPC 61111; CPC 6113; 
CPC 6121), except distribution of pharmaceuticals, medical articles (1) None, except the following: 
 
- possibility to introduce 
non-discriminatory State monopoly on ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and 
alcohol-containing products
22. 
 (2) None. 
(3) None, except the following: 
 
 
- possibility to introduce 
non-discriminatory State monopoly on ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and 
alcohol-containing products. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
 
 
  
 
 (2) None. 
(3) None  subject to the following: 
 - unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support for 
distribution of handicraft and other goods and objects, related to national 
culture and identity. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
                                                      
21 For transparency purpose:  Including sales by commission agents of registered food supplements in tablet or capsule form to co nsumers. 
22 For the purposes of this Schedule of specific commitments alcoho l-containing products do not include beer, perfumes and cosmet ics.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 30 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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- Transactions on commodity 
exchange 
(CPC 621*, 622*) (1) None, except the following: 
 
-       foreign natural persons and/or legal 
entities that are not floor traders may 
participate in the exchange trade 
exclusively thro ugh brokers. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following: 
 
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in form of a juridical person of the 
Russian Federation;  
-       foreign natural persons and/or legal 
entities that are not floor traders may 
participate in the exchange trade exclusively thro ugh brokers. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments ". (1) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
 
 
 (2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market access". 
 
  
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 31Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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B. Wholesale trade services  
 (CPC 622*, including perfumes and 
cosmetics; CPC 61111; CPC 6113; CPC 6121)
23, except distribution of 
pharmaceuticals, medical articles (1) None, except the following: 
 
- possibility to introduce 
non-discriminatory State monopoly 
on ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and 
alcohol-containing products. 
 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation; 
- possibility to introduce 
non-discriminatory State monopoly on ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and 
alcohol-containing products. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
 
  
 
  
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access" and subject to the following: 
 - unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support for 
distribution of handicraft and other goods and objects, related to national 
culture and identity. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
                                                      
23 For transparency purpose:  Including CPC 62 244 – Wholesale trade services of radio and television equipment, musical instrument s, music scores and audio and video 
records and tapes.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 32 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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C. Retailing services  
 (CPC 631*; CPC 632*, including 
perfumes and cosmetics; CPC 6111*; CPC 6113*; CPC 6121*; 
CPC 6130* only with respect to 
automobile fuel)
24, except 
distribution of pharmaceuticals, 
medical articles (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following: 
 
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation; 
- authorization from local authorities 
is required and shall be issued on a non-discriminatory basis taking into 
account the city-development 
planning and programmes of social and economic development in their 
jurisdiction. 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access" and subject to the following: 
 - unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support for 
distribution of handicraft and other goods and objects, related to national 
culture and identity. 
  
 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
                                                      
24  For transparency purpose:  Including CPC 63234 - Retail sales of  radio and television equipment, musical instruments and recor ds, music scores and tapes.  
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 33Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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 Commission agents' services, 
wholesale trade services, retailing 
services with respect to the pharmaceuticals and medical articles 
(CPC 62117*, CPC 62251, 
CPC 62252, CPC 63211) (1), (2)   None, except the following: 
 
- compensation of the cost of 
pharmaceutical products and medical 
articles qualifying for the package 
provided under the system of State guarantees of free health care for 
citizens of the Russian Federation
25; 
- price formation for pharmaceutical 
products and medical articles. 
 
(3) None, except the following:  
-      commercial pr esence is allowed only 
in form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation; 
 -      authorisation is required for supply 
of services in a particular territory 
issued on a non-discriminatory basis 
with respect to foreign services suppliers.  The following 
considerations are taken as criteria 
for issuance of such an authorisation: 
 
 - need for maintenance of the 
minimum required level of availability of pharmaceuticals 
and medical articles to the 
population qualifying for the package provided under the 
system of State guarantees of 
free health care for citizens of the Russian Federation
26 and 
being subject to compensation  (1), (2)   None, except the following: 
 
- compensation of the cost of 
pharmaceutical products and medical 
articles qualifying for the package 
provided under the system of State guarantees of free health care for 
citizens of the Russian Federation
27; 
- price formation for pharmaceutical 
products and medical articles. 
 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
                                                      
25 The system of State guarantees of free health care for citizen s of the Russian Federation establishes compensation of medical services from budgets of all levels 
(federal, subjects of the Russian Federation, local self-government) and through mandatory medical insurance. 
26 The system of State guarantees of free health care for citizen s of the Russian Federation establishes compensation of medical services from budgets of all levels 
(federal, subjects of the Russian Federation, local self-government) and through mandatory medical insurance. 
27 The system of State guarantees of free health care for citizen s of the Russian Federation establishes compensation of medical services from budgets of all levels 
(federal, subjects of the Russian Federation, local self-government) and through mandatory medical insurance.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 34 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
   with State funds, and 
maintenance of the respective 
number of suppliers of wholesale and retail services in 
pharmaceuticals and medical 
articles corresponding to the mentioned level; 
 - ensuring uniform and balanced 
availability to the entire  population of medical 
resources providing for 
out-patient and hospital treatment irrespective of the 
place of habitation and living 
conditions; 
 - ensuring establishment of 
wholesale organisations trading 
in pharmaceuticals and medical 
articles, operating 
cross-subjects of the Russian Federation; 
establishment of such medical 
organisations is based on a "substitution" principle aimed 
at guaranteeing the provision of 
services by such organizations to the population throughout 
the whole populated territory of 
the country. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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D. Franchising 
(CPC 8929*) 
- including with respect to express 
delivery services as defined in this 
Schedule, but not with respect to: 
  - legal services; 
 - auditing services; 
 - postal/courier services (apart 
 from express delivery services 
 as defined in this Schedule); 
 - telecommunication services;  - audio-visual services; 
 - construction services; 
 - education services;  - financial services. (1), (2), (3)   None
28 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1), (2), (3)   None29 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
5. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES 
With respect to the privately funded education organizations/services only. 
A. Primary education services 
(CPC 921*) 
B. Secondary education services 
(CPC 922*) (1), (2)   None 
 
 
  
 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person  of the Russian Federation, which is a 
non-commercial organisation; 
- authorisation may be required with 
respect to the acquisition of control 
of a juridical person of the Russian 
Federation related to the cultural  (1), (2)   None, except the following: 
-  unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support, 
including access to the financial and other material resources of the State.  
 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access" and subject to the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support, 
including access to the financial and other material resources of the State. 
 
  
                                                      
28 Commitments in the sector "Franchising" (CPC 8929*) will not pr ejudice the measures applied in accordance with this Schedule o f specific commitments in other 
services sectors. 
29 Commitments in the sector "Franchising" (CPC 8929*) will not pr ejudice the measures applied in accordance with this Schedule o f specific commitments in other 
services sectors.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 36 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
  heritage of the Russian Federation 
and/or being a cultural property of 
the peoples of the Russian Federation
30. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
C. Higher education services 
(CPC 923*) (1) None. 
 
  
 
  
(2) None. 
  
 
 
 
 (3) Unbound. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None, except the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support, 
including access to the financial and 
other material resources of the State. 
 
(2) None, except the following: 
 - unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support, 
including access to the financial and 
other material resources of the State. 
 (3) Unbound. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
                                                      
30 For the purpose of this Sche dule of specific commitments: 
  - "The cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federa tion" represents the material and spiritual values created in th e past, and also the monuments and 
historic and cultural territories and facilities of importance for the preservation and development of the originality of the R ussian Federation and of all its peoples, 
and their contribution to world civilisation; 
  - "The cultural values" represent moral and aesthetic ideals, norms and patterns of behaviour, languages and dialects, nation al traditions and customs, historical 
place-names, folklore, artistic handicrafts a nd crafts, works and acts of culture, results  and methods of scientific research i nto cultural activity, buildings, 
structures, objects, and technologies of historic and cultural importance, and territories and facilities unique in their histo rical and cultural respects; 
  - "The cultural property of the peoples of the Russian Federa tion" is a totality of cultural values, and also of cultural org anisations, institutions, and enterprises of 
general national (all-Russia) importance, which, by virtue of this fact, belong undividedly to the Russian Federation and its s ubjects without the right of their 
transfer to other States and Unions of States with the participation of the Russian Federation. 
  
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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D. Adult education not included in 
other categories 
(CPC 924*) 
 in respect of foreign language 
courses, computer courses, business-
courses, examination-training courses only (1), (2)   None. 
 
  
 
  
(3) None, except the following: 
 - commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation, which is a non-commercial organisation. 
 
  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  (1), (2)   None, except the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support, 
including access to the financial and 
other material resources of the State. 
 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market access" and subject to the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support, 
including access to the financial and 
other material resources of the State. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES* 
Except for treatment of radioactive wastes/contamination. 
A. Sewage services 
(CPC 9401) 
B. Refuse disposal services 
(CPC 9402) 
C. Sanitation and similar services 
(CPC 9403) 
D. Other: 
- Cleaning services of exhaust gases  (CPC 9404); 
- Noise abatement services 
 (CPC 9405); - Nature and landscape protection 
(CPC 9406); 
- Environmental impact assessment 
services  
(CPC 9409*). (1) Unbound, except the following: 
 - for environmental impact assessment 
services (CPC 9409*) - none; 
- for consultancy/advisory services - 
none. 
 
(2) None. (3) None, except the following: 
 
- with respect to treatment of 
hazardous wastes:  commercial 
presence is allowed only in the form 
of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) Unbound, except the following: 
 - for environmental impact assessment 
services (CPC 9409*) - none; 
- for consultancy/advisory services - 
none. 
 
(2) None. (3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
 
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".    
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 38 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
Measures applicable to all s ectors of financial services. 
 
Commitments in measures related to trade in financial services are undertaken in accordance with  the General Agreement on Trade  
in Services (GATS) and the Annex on Financial Services. 
 
As a general rule, and in a non-discriminatory manner, juridi cal persons of the Russian Federation supplying financial services  must 
adopt the organisational and legal form required by the legislation of the Russian Federation.  
 
To avoid conflict of interest and to achieve the objectives indicated in Article 2(a) of the Annex on Financial Services for organisations supplying financial services the permitted scope and types of operations of services in respective combinations s hall be 
established on a non-discriminatory basis. 
 The conditions or scope of activity set out in a licence or other form of authorization issued to a foreign-owned or affiliated  financial 
services supplier prior to the date of accession, shall not be made  more restrictive than those in effect on the date of access ion, 
without prejudice to prudential regulations.  
The foreign equity restrictions resulting from the application of  the financial services sector foreign equity ratio (except fo r foreign 
equity restrictions in specialized depositories of investment funds, unit investment funds and non-State pension funds, profess ional 
participants of the securities market engaged in keeping register s, or professional participants of the securities market engag ed in 
depository operations under transactions made through a trade arranger) shall not apply to the creation or acquisition of finan cial 
services suppliers in the Russian Federation by foreign owned Russian juridical persons.  
 
A. All insurance and insurance-related services  
(a) Life insurance services (b) Non-life insurance services (1), (2)   None only with respect to the 
risks insurance connected with 
international: 
 
- maritime transportation; 
- commercial air transportation; - commercial space launching; 
- insurance covering in whole or in 
part:  
- international transportation of 
natural persons; 
- international transportation of 
export/import cargoes and the 
vehicles carrying them, 
including liability arising 
therefrom; (1), (2)   None only with respect to 
insurance of risks indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market access". 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 39Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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 - transportation of goods by 
international transport; 
 - liability while in cross-border 
movement of private means of 
transportation only after joining 
of the international system of agreements and insurance 
certificates – Green Card. 
 Within 4 years, starting from the date of 
Russia's accession to the WTO, - none 
with respect to insurance of risks connected with domestic commercial air 
(except following types of mandatory 
insurance: insurance of liability of the owner and operator of the aircraft; 
insurance of liability of the air carrier 
before passengers, consigner of goods, 
consignee; life and h ealth insurance of 
aircraft staff) transportation and maritime transportation when such insurance covers 
any or all of the following:  the goods 
being transported, the vehicle transporting the goods and any liability arising 
therefrom. 
 (3) None, except the following: 
 
Commercial presence is allowed only in 
the form of a juridical person of the 
Russian Federation.  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 (3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
   
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 40 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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 After 9 years from the date of Russia's 
accession to the WTO commercial 
presence in the form of a branch of a foreign insurer will be allowed in the field 
of life insurance and non-life insurance 
(except insurance of State procurement and mandatory insurance other than 
mandatory insurance of civil liability of 
owners of cars) subject to licensing, financial soundness and guarantee deposit 
requirements. 
 To open a branch a foreign insurer must: 
 
- have been authorised to operate in 
the same types of insurance or 
reinsurance in its country of origin 
for at least 5 years (for non-life 
insurance); at least 8 years (for life 
insurance); 
- have not less than 5 years of 
experience in operating a branch in  
foreign markets; 
- have total assets of more than 
US$5 billion at the end of the 
calendar year prior to application; 
- have its legal address and actual 
address in the same country. 
 A branch of a foreign insurer must have a 
separate capitalization which shall be 
included in the calculation of the ratio of foreign participation in the total charter 
capital of insurers/reinsurers that are 
juridical persons of the Russian Federation.  Creation of new 
branches of foreign insurers (as distinct 
from branches of juridical persons of the 
Russian Federation) may be denied if the 
ratio of total foreign participation in the total charter capital of insurers/reinsurers    
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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that are juridical persons of the 
Russian Federation exceeds 50%. 
 Prior authorisation is required: 
 
- to increase the charter capital of an 
insurer at the expense of foreign 
investor (investors) funds and/or 
those of a subsidiary thereof; 
- to alienate shares of (interest in) 
insurer in favour of foreign investor 
(investors) and/or subsidiary thereof. 
 
Insurers that are subsidiaries of foreign 
investors (principal organization) and/or in which foreign participation in the 
charter capital (vo ting shares) exceeds 
49% as at the date of accession of Russia 
to the WTO, and having obtained their 
licenses to provide life insurance services, insurance of State procurement and 
mandatory insurance services before that 
date, may engage in such activity in accordance with their licenses obtained. 
 
For insurers that are subsidiaries of a foreign investor (investors) and/or in 
which foreign participation in the charter 
capital (voting shares) exceeds 51%:  
- For a period of 5 years starting from 
the date of Russia's accession to the WTO, unbound with respect to the 
issuance of licenses to provide life 
insurance services and mandatory personal insurance of passengers and 
mandatory insurance of civil liability 
of owners of cars.  After 5 years 
from the date of Russia's accession 
to the WTO, this limitation shall be eliminated.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
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 For insurers that are subsidiaries of a 
foreign investor (investors) and/or in 
which foreign participation in the charter capital (voting shares) exceeds 49%: 
 
- unbound with respect to the issuance 
of licenses to provide insurance of 
State procurements; 
- issuance of licenses and prior 
authorizations for operations in 
shares of (interest in) an insurer with 
foreign participation may be restricted if the ratio of total foreign 
participation in the total charter 
capital of insurers/reinsurers that are juridical persons of the Russian 
Federation exceeds 50%; 
- a foreign investor that is the parent 
company of a Russian subsidiary 
insurer shall have been authorised to supply respective insurance services 
in the country of its registration for 
at least 5 years. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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(ii) Reinsurance and retrocession (1), (2)   None. 
(3) None, except the following: 
 Commercial presence is allowed only in 
the form of a juridical person of the 
Russian Federation.  
After 9 years from the date of Russia's 
accession to the WTO commercial presence in the form of a branch of a 
foreign reinsurer will be allowed in the 
field of reinsurance (except reinsurance of risks connected with insurance of State 
procurement and mandatory insurance 
other than mandatory insurance of civil liability of owners of cars) subject to 
licensing, financial soundness and 
guarantee deposit requirements. 
 
To open a branch a foreign reinsurer must: 
 
- have been authorised to operate 
reinsurance in its country of origin 
for at least 5 years; 
- have not less than 5 years of 
experience in operating a branch in 
foreign markets; 
- have total assets of more than 
US$5 billion at the end of the year 
prior to application; 
- have its legal address and actual 
address in the same country. 
 
A branch of a foreign reinsurer must have a separate capitalization which shall be 
included in the calculation of the ratio of 
foreign participation in the total charter 
capital of insurers/reinsurers that are 
juridical persons of the Russian Federation.  Creation of new  (1), (2)   None 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market access". 
 
  
 
   
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
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Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
 branches of foreign reinsurers (as distinct 
from branches of juridical persons of the 
Russian Federation) may be denied if the ratio of total foreign participation in the 
total charter capital of insurers/reinsurers 
that are juridical persons of the Russian Federation exceeds 50%. 
 
Prior authorisation is required:  
- to increase the charter capital of a 
reinsurer with foreign investor  (investors) funds and/or those of 
subsidiary thereof; 
- to alienate shares of (interest in) 
reinsurer in favour of foreign 
investor and/or subsidiary thereof. 
 
For reinsurer that are subsidiaries of a 
foreign investor (investors) and/or in which foreign participation in the charter 
capital (voting shares) exceeds 49%: 
 - For a period of 5 years after the date 
of Russia's accession to the WTO, 
unbound with respect to issuance of licenses to provide reinsurance and 
retrocession of risks in life insurance 
and mandatory insurance of civil liability of owners of cars.  After 
5 years from the date of Russia's 
accession to the WTO, this limitation shall be eliminated.    
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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 - Unbound in respect of issuance of 
licenses to provide reinsurance and 
retrocession of risks in insurance of State procurements. 
- Issuance of licenses and prior 
authorizations for operations in shares of (interest in) a reinsurer 
with foreign participation may be 
restricted if the ratio of total foreign participation in the total charter 
capital of insurers/reinsurers that are 
juridical persons of the Russian Federation exceeds 50%. 
- a foreign investor that is the parent 
company of a Russian subsidiary reinsurance organisation shall have 
been authorised to engage in 
reinsurance and retrocession in the 
country of its registration for at least 
5 years. 
 
Insurers/reinsurers that are subsidiaries of 
foreign investors (principal organization) and/or in which foreign participation in 
the charter capital (vo ting shares) exceeds 
49% as at the date of accession of Russia to the WTO, and having obtained their 
licence to provide insurance/reinsurance 
services in the field of life insurance, mandatory insurance and insurance of 
State procurement before that date, may 
engage in such activity in accordance with their licenses obtained. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
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(iii) Insurance intermediation, such as 
brokerage and agency 
 (1), (2)   None, except the following: 
 
- insurance intermediation related to 
the conclusion and distribution of 
insurance contracts on behalf of 
foreign insurance companies in the territory of the Russian Federation 
shall not be allowed (except for 
cases described in commitments on cross-border supply of insurance 
services). 
 (3) None, except the following: 
 
-       commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation. 
-  insurance intermediation, related to 
the conclusion and distribution of 
insurance contracts on behalf of foreign insurance companies in the 
territory of the Russian Federation 
shall not be allowed (except for cases described in commitments on 
cross-border supply of insurance 
services).  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1), (2)   None, except the following: 
 
- insurance intermediation related to 
the conclusion and distribution of 
insurance contracts on behalf of 
foreign insurance companies in the territory of the Russian Federation 
shall not be allowed (except for 
cases described in commitments on cross-border supply of insurance 
services). 
 (3) None except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access" and subject to the following: 
 
- insurance intermediation, related to 
the conclusion and distribution of 
insurance contracts on behalf of 
foreign insurance companies in the territory of the Russian Federation 
shall not be allowed (except for 
cases described in commitments on cross-border supply of insurance 
services). 
  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(iv) Services auxiliary to insurance, such 
as consultancy, actuarial, risk 
assessment and claim settlement 
services 
 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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B. Banking and other financial services 
(excluding insurance), with respect to the following services only: 
(v) Acceptance of deposits and other 
repayable funds from the public; 
(vi)  Lending of all types, including 
consumer credit, mortgage credit, 
factoring and financing of commercial transactions; 
(vii)  Financial leasing;  
(viii) All payments and money 
transmission services, including  
credit, charge and debit cards, 
travellers cheques and bankers drafts;  
(ix)  Guarantees and commitments; 
(x)  Trading for own account or for 
account of customers, whether on an  
exchange, in an over-the-counter 
market or otherwise, the following: 
 
(A)  money market instruments 
(including cheques, bills, 
certificates of deposits); 
(B)  foreign exchange;  (C) derivative products, including 
but not limited to, futures and 
options;  
(D) exchange rate and interest rate 
instruments, including products 
such as swaps, forward rate agreements;  
(E)  transferable securities; 
(F) other negotiable instruments 
and financial assets, including 
bullion. 
(xi) Participation in issues of all kinds of 
securities, including underwriting 
and placement as agent (whether 
publicly or privately) and provision 
of services related to such issues; 
(xii)  Money broking; (1) None only with respect to: 
 (vii) Financial leasing; 
(xv) Provision and transfer of financial 
information, and financial data processing and related software by 
suppliers of other financial services; 
(xvi*)Advisory, intermediation and other 
auxiliary financial services on all 
activities listed in subparagraphs 
(v) through (xv), including investment and portfolio research 
and advice, advice on acquisitions 
and on corporate restructuring and strategy (except the activity of 
financial consultant (sponsor 
broker), supplying services related to 
arrangement of securities issues). 
 Unbound with respect to services listed in 
paragraphs (v), (vi), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), 
(xii), (xiii), (xiv), and the part of (xvi) excluded above. 
 
(2)  None for sub-sectors (v) to (xv) and 
for Advisory, intermediation and 
other auxiliary financial services on 
all activities listed in subparagraphs (v) through (xv), including 
investment and portfolio research 
and advice, advice on acquisitions and on corporate restructuring and 
strategy. (1) None only with respect to: 
 (vii) Financial leasing; 
(xv) Provision and transfer of financial 
information, and financial data processing and related software by 
suppliers of other financial services; 
(xvi*)Advisory, intermediation and other 
auxiliary financial services on all 
activities listed in subparagraphs 
(v) through (xv), including investment and portfolio research 
and advice, advice on acquisitions 
and on corporate restructuring and strategy (except the activity of 
financial consultant (sponsor 
broker), supplying services related to 
arrangement of securities issues). 
 Unbound with respect to services listed in 
paragraphs (v), (vi), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), 
(xii), (xiii), (xiv), and the part of (xvi) excluded above. 
 
(2)  None for sub-sectors (v) to (xv) and 
for Advisory, intermediation and 
other auxiliary financial services on 
all activities listed in subparagraphs (v) through (xv), including 
investment and portfolio research 
and advice, advice on acquisitions and on corporate restructuring and 
strategy. In order to guarantee a level-playing field, 
Russian authorities shall ensure that foreign banks established in Russia shall 
enjoy the same level of guarantee from 
the State for deposits as all other banks (including State-owned banks) and the 
same obligations as regards their 
participation in a possible deposit insurance mechanism.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 48 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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(xiii) Asset management such as cash or 
portfolio management, all forms of 
collective investment management, pension fund management, custodial 
depository and trust services; 
(xiv) Settlement and clearing services for 
financial assets, including securities, 
derivative products and other 
negotiable instruments;  
(xv)  Provision and transfer of financial 
information, and financial data 
processing and related software by suppliers of other financial services; 
(xvi) Advisory, intermediation and other 
auxiliary financial services on all the activities listed in subparagraphs 
(v) through (xv), including credit 
reference and analysis, investment 
and portfolio research and advice, 
advice on acquisitions and on corporate restructuring and strategy.  
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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 (3) With respect to banking services: 
 
Commercial presence is allowed only in the form of a juridical person of the 
Russian Federation and in the form of a 
representative office of a foreign bank.  
The main founder and participant of a 
credit organisation being a subsidiary with foreign investment must be a foreign bank 
qualifying as such under the laws of its 
country of location (registration);  
Foreign capital participation in the bank 
system of the Russian Federation is limited to 50%
31. 
 
For the purposes of control over the quota 
of foreign participation in the bank system 
of the Russian Federation prior authorisation from the Central Bank is 
required: 
 - to establish a credit organisation 
with foreign participation, including 
subsidiaries and dependent companies; 
- to increase the charter capital of a 
credit organisation with non-resident (non-residents) funds; 
- to alienate shares (interest) of credit 
organisation in favour of non-residents. 
 
With respect to financial services other than banking services: 
 
Commercial presence is allowed only in 
the form of a juridical person of the (3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
                                                      
31 Foreign capital if invested in potentially privatized banks sh all not be included in the computation of this ceiling (ratio).  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 50 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
Russian Federation and in the form of a 
representative office. 
 The share of votes of non-residents and 
their affiliates, participating in the capital 
of professional participant in the securities market engaged in keeping registers of 
holders of inscribed securities shall not 
exceed 25%.    
The juridical persons engaged in keeping 
holders of inscribed securities are entitled to carry out such activities provided that 
not later than 6 months after receipt of the 
licence the number of issuers with over 500 shareholders whose share registers 
are kept by such person shall be no less 
than 50.  This measure is non-
discriminatory and is applied both to 
residents and non-residents.  
Trading in new negotiable instruments 
and financial assets (under (x)(F)) may be allowed only after authorization and in 
accordance with the re spective conditions 
provided for by the Russian authorities.  This limitation is applied on a non-
discriminatory basis. 
 The share of votes of one person, 
participating in the capital of a stock 
exchange shall not exceed 20%.  This measure is non-discriminatory and is 
applied both to residents and 
non-residents.  
The share of votes of non-residents and 
their affiliates participating in the capital 
of specialized depositories of investment 
funds, unit investment funds and non-State pension funds shall not exceed  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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25%. This measure is established for 
3 years. 
 The share of votes of non-residents and 
their affiliates participating in the capital 
of a professional participant in the securities market engaged in depository 
operations under transactions made 
through a trade arranger shall not exceed 25%. 
 
Only juridical persons of the Russian Federation may participate in 
clearing on the securities market. 
 For the purposes of control over the quota 
of total foreign participation in certain 
segments on securities market as well as 
observance of norms of foreign 
participation with respect to certain types of professional participants of securities 
market all the actions leading to an 
increase in the share of  votes held by non-
residents and their affiliates or an increase 
of the aggregate share of non-residents 
and their affiliates in the charter capital of a professional particip ant of the securities 
market engaged in keeping registers and 
depository operations under transactions made through a trade arranger as well as 
in the charter capital of specialized 
depositories require an advance permission of the authorized federal body 
of the Russian Federation. 
 It is not permitted to conduct operations 
on the securities market otherwise than 
through brokers. This measure is 
non-discriminatory and is applied both to 
residents and non-residents.  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 52 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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 It is not permitted to conduct operations 
with derivatives on the securities market 
otherwise than through brokers.  This measure is non-discriminatory and is 
applied both to residents and non-
residents.  
The share of votes of non-residents and 
their affiliates participating in the capital of a professional participant in the 
securities market engaged in: 
 - keeping registers of holders of 
inscribed securities; 
- activity of specialized depositories 
of investment funds, unit investment 
funds and non-State pension funds, 
- depository operations under 
transactions made through a trade 
arranger, exceeding (by the moment of introduction of the limitation) the 
amount established by this Schedule 
of specific commitments, cannot be considered as the reason to cessation 
of activity (withdrawal of the 
licence/not renewal of the licence) of the professional participant of the 
securities market which had received 
the licence of aforementioned activities before the accession of the 
Russian Federati on to the WTO.    
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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 (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments" and 
subject to the following: 
 
- the chief accountant, the head of a 
single-man executive body or one of the chief officers of a collegiate 
executive body of a credit 
organization being a subsidiary of a foreign bank or dependent thereon, 
who is not a citizen of the 
Russian Federation must provide a document confirming their 
knowledge of Russian. (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
8. HEALTH RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES 
A. Hospital services 
(CPC 9311*) 
 with respect to the privately funded 
health care organizations/services 
only (1) Unbound. 
(2) None, except the following:  
- compensation of costs of medical 
services qualifying for the package 
provided under the system of State 
guarantees of free health care for citizens of the Russian Federation
32. 
 
(3) Unbound. (4) Unbound. (1) Unbound. 
(2) None, except the following:  
- compensation of costs of medical 
services qualifying for the package 
provided under the system of State 
guarantees of free health care for citizens of the Russian Federation
33. 
 
(3) Unbound. (4) Unbound.  
                                                      
32 The system of state guarantees of free health care for citizen s of the Russian Federation establishes compensation of medical services from budgets at all levels 
(federal, subjects of the Russian Federation, local self-government) and through mandatory medical insurance. 
33 The system of state guarantees of free health care for citizen s of the Russian Federation establishes compensation of medical services from budgets at all levels 
(federal, subjects of the Russian Federation, local self-government) and through mandatory medical insurance.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 54 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES 
A. Hotels and Restaurants (including 
catering) 
(CPC 641, CPC 642, CPC 643) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
- authorization from local authorities 
is required and shall be issued on a non-discriminatory basis, taking into 
account the city-development 
planning and programmes of social and economic development in their 
jurisdiction. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
B. Tour operators and tour agencies 
services  
 (CPC 7471) 
C. Tourist guide services   (CPC 7472) 
 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3)  None, except the following: 
 
Commercial presence is allowed only in 
the form of a juridical person of the 
Russian Federation being a commercial organisation. 
 
The foreign participant of commercial organisation with foreign participation 
must be a juridical person with a 
minimum of 5 years' experience of supplying tour operator services in the 
country of its location. 
 For the purposes of supply of out-bound 
and in-bound tourism operator services 
total foreign participation in charter capital (voting shares) may be limited to 
49%. There will be no limitations after 
7 years from the date of Russia's 
accession to the WTO. (1)  None 
(2)  None 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market access" and subject to the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support 
related to national culture and 
identity. 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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Foreign participation in charter capital of 
the Russian juridical persons of more than 
49% will not be considered as reason for termination of the activity and/or 
disinvestment of juridical persons of the 
Russian Federation which received licence on supply of tourism and travel 
related services before the date of 
implementation of this restriction.  
Natural persons providing guide (guide-
interpreter) services must be citizens of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments", 
and subject to the following: 
 
- natural persons providing guide 
(guide-interpreter) services must be citizens of the Russian Federation.  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". 
10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL, AND SPORTING SERVICES 
A. Entertainment services  
(CPC 96191-96195) 
 
 Other entertainment services n.e.c. 
(other than audio-visual services) 
only with respect to cinema theatre operation services (CPC 96199*). (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access" and subject to the following: 
 -  unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support 
related to national culture and identity. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 56 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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B. News agency services 
(CPC 962)  (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None except the following:  
- founders of mass media agencies 
must be citizens of the Russian Federation. 
 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access" and subject to the following: 
 - unbound with respect to subsidies 
and other forms of State support 
related to national culture and identity. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
A. Maritime Transport Services   The following services are made available 
to international maritime transport 
suppliers on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions at 
trade ports: 
 
- Pilotage (for the Russian flagged 
vessels the use of pilotage services may be optional); 
- Ice-breaking services; 
- Towing and tug assistance; - Provisioning, fuelling and watering; 
- Garbage collecting and ballast waste 
disposal; 
- Port Captain's services; 
- Navigation aids (lighthouse, aids to 
navigation, radar vessel traffic services, other electronic aids and 
systems to enhance safety of 
navigation, etc.); 
- Shore-based operational services 
essential to ship operations, 
including communications, water and electrical supplies; 
- Emergency repair facilities; 
- Anchorage, berth and berthing 
services.  
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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- International Transport 
 (CPC 7211, CPC 7212),  less 
cabotage transport34 (1) (a) Liner Shipping:   
 
 None, except the following:  
- the priority right to take part in 
the conduct of the Production Sharing Agreement
35 as carriers 
belongs to the juridical persons 
of the Russian Federation. 
 
(b) Bulk, tramp, and other 
international shipping including 
passenger transportation:   
 
 None, except for the following:  
- the priority right to take part in 
the conduct of the Production 
Sharing Agreement as carriers 
belongs to the juridical persons of the Russian Federation. 
 
(2) None, except for the following:  
- the priority right to take part in 
the conduct of the Production Sharing Agreement as carriers 
belongs to the juridical persons 
of the Russian Federation. (1) (a) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
 
 
  
 
  
(b) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market access". 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
(2) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
  
                                                      
34 Without prejudice to the scope of activities which may be consid ered as "cabotage" under the relevant legislation of the Russi an Federation, this schedule does not 
include "maritime cabotage services", which are assumed to cove r transportation of passengers or goods between the ports locate d in the Russian Federation and transportation of 
passengers and goods between a port located in the Russian Federation and installations or structures situated on the continent al shelf of the Russian Federation as well as 
transportation of passengers and goods within the territorial waters of the Russian Federation.  
35 Production sharing agreements for the exploration, development and production of mineral raw materials. 
  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 58 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
 (3) (a) Establishment of registered 
company for the purpose of 
operating a fleet under the national flag of the Russian 
Federation:  unbound. 
 
(b) Other forms of commercial 
presence for the supply of 
international maritime transport services
36:  none, except the 
following: 
 
- commercial presence is allowed 
only in form of juridical person 
of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) (a) Ship's crews:  unbound. 
 (b) Key personnel employed in 
 relation to a commercial 
 presence as defined under  mode 3(b):  unbound, except as 
 indicated in Part I "Horizontal 
 Commitments". (3) (a) Unbound. 
 
  
 
 
(b) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
 
 
  
 
  
(4) (a) Unbound. 
 (b) Unbound, except as indicated 
 in Part I "Horizontal 
 Commitments"  
                                                      
36 "Other forms of commercial presence for the supply of interna tional maritime transport services" means the ability for interna tional maritime transport service 
suppliers of other Members to undertake locally all activities, which are necessary for the supply of their customers of a part ially or fully integrated transport service, within 
which the maritime transport constitutes a s ubstantial element.  (This commitment sha ll however not be construed as limiting in  any manner the commitments undertaken under 
the cross-border mode of delivery.) 
These activities include, but are not limited to: 
  (a) marketing and sales of maritime transport and related servi ces through direct contact with customers, from quotation to i nvoicing, these services being those 
operated or offered by the service supplier itself or by servi ce suppliers with which the service seller has established standi ng business arrangements; 
  (b) the acquisition, on their own account or on behalf of their customers (and the re sale to their custom ers) of any transpor t and related services, including inward 
transport by any mode, particularly inland  waterways, road and rail, necessary for the supply of  the integrated services; 
  (c) the preparation of documentation concerning transport documents, customs documents, or other documents related to the ori gin and character of the goods 
transported; 
  (d) the provision of business information by any means, including computerised information systems and electronic data interc hange (subject to the provisions of the 
Annex on Telecommunications); 
  (e) the setting up of any business arrangements (including participation in the stock of a company) and the appointment of pe rsonnel recruited locally (or, in the case 
of foreign personnel, subject to the Horizontal commitments on pr esence of natural persons of this Schedule) with any locally e stablished shipping agency; 
  (f) acting on behalf of the companies, organizing the call of the ship or taking over cargoes when required.  
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
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Maritime auxiliary services 
 
Cargo-handling services37 (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments. (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
(4) None, except as indicated in Part I 
"Horizontal commitments".  
Storage and warehousing services 
(CPS 742*); 
 Container station and depot services
38 (1) Unbound39. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) Unbound
40. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments"  
                                                      
37 "Maritime cargo handling services" means activities exercised by stevedore companies, including terminal operators, but not in cluding the direct activities of dockers, 
when this workforce is organised independently of the stevedoring or terminal operator companies.  The activities covered inclu de the organization and supervision of: 
 - the loading/discharging of cargo to/from a ship;  - the lashing/unlashing of cargo; and 
 - the reception/delivery and safekeeping of cargoes before shipment or after discharge. 
38 "Container station and depot services" means activities consisting in storing containers, whether in port areas or inland, wit h a view to their stuffing/stripping, 
repairing and making them available for shipments. 
39 A commitment on this mode of supply is not feasible. 
40 A commitment on this mode of supply is not feasible.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 60 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
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Customs Brokers' Services41 
 (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments"  
Freight Forwarding Services42 
 
Maritime Agency Services43 (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments"  
B. Internal Waterways Transport 
(f) "Other supporting services for 
internal waterway transport" 
(CPC 7459) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
                                                      
41 "Customs brokers' services" means activities consisting in carryin g out on behalf of another party customs formalities concern ing import, export or through transport 
of cargoes, whether this services is the main activity of the service provider or a usual complement of its main activity. 
42 "Freight forwarding services" means the activity consisting of organizing and monitoring shipment operations on behalf of ship pers, through the acquisition of 
transport and related services, pr eparation of documentation and provision of business information. 
43 "Maritime agency services" means activities consisting in fulfilli ng as agent on behalf of his own name or the name of ship-ow ner legal or other actions on the 
instructions and for account of ship-owner within a given seaport or a given area, for the following purposes:   - marketing and sales of maritime transp ort and related services, from quotation to invoicing, and issuance of bills of ladin g on behalf of the companies, acquisition 
and resale of the necessary related services, preparation of documentation, and provision of business information; and 
  - acting on behalf of the companies organizing the call of the ship or taking over cargoes when required.  
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 61Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
C. Air Transport Services 
(d) Maintenance and repair of aircraft 
(part of CPC 8868**) 
 only to the extent of maintenance 
and repair activities when 
undertaken on an aircraft or a part thereof, while it is withdrawn from 
transport services.  Does not include 
line maintenance or other repair or maintenance activities undertaken by 
an air carrier (including its agents or 
contractors) on aircraft it owns, leases, or operates. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation; 
- foreign participation in the charter 
capital of the juridical persons of the Russian Federation established 
before the date of the accession of 
the Russian Federation to WTO must not exceed 25%. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
  
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
 Selling and marketing of air 
transport services44; 
 Computer reservation systems  (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following: 
 
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in form of a juridical person of the 
Russian Federation; 
- unbound with respect to the foreign 
settlement systems and any 
operations with neutral ticket forms 
of those systems. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access and the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to the foreign 
settlement systems and any operations with neutral ticket forms 
of those systems. 
  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
                                                      
44 "Selling and marketing of air transport se rvices" mean the sell by the air transport carrier its own tickets and market of its  air transport services including all aspects of 
marketing such as market resear ch, advertising and distribution.  These activitie s do not include the pricing of air transport services nor the applicable conditions.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 62 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
E. Rail Transport Services 
(d) Maintenance and repair of rail 
transport equipment (part of CPC 8868**), 
 except maintenance of inventory 
fleet railway cars (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation; 
- maintenance of car s when on public 
use railway lines is carried out in the same manner as maintenance of 
inventory fleet cars of such railways; 
- maintenance and repair of rail 
transport as performed by suppliers 
of forwarding services are regulated 
exclusively by measures stipulated in section 11.H.c "Transport 
agencies services"; 
- the supplying of car-cleaning 
services is allowed only on the basis 
of a limited term contract with the railway company. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments" and 
of the following: 
 - only citizens of the 
Russian Federation are allowed to 
provide maintenance and repair of rail transport. (1) Unbound. 
(2) Unbound. 
(3) Unbound.  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".    
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 63Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
F. Road Transport Services 
(а) Passengers transportation 
(CPC 7121*, СРС  7122*) 
(b) Freight transportation 
(СРС  7123*)45 (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation; 
- the vehicles engaged in 
transportation must be registered in the territory of the Russian 
Federation. 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments" and 
subject to the following: 
 
- drivers of vehicles engaged in 
transportation between the points 
located within the territory of the 
Russian Federation must be citizens of the Russian Federation. (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
(d) Maintenance and repair of road 
transport equipment 
(CPC 6112, CPC 8867) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  
                                                      
45 Including, inter alia,  transportation of individual items, but without prejudice to commitments on the sector "Courier services". 
  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 64 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
(e) Supporting services for road 
transport services 
- in respect of bus terminals only, 
(CPC 7441*) 
- and other supporting services for 
road transport services (CPC 7449) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments". (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
H. Services Auxiliary to all Modes of 
Transport* (excluding respective 
auxiliary services for space transport and pipeline transport).  
 
(a)  Cargo-handling services 
(CPC 741*), except cargo-handling 
services for maritime that are 
committed in the Section 11.A. (1)  Unbound
46 
(2)  None, except the following: 
 - unbound with respect to cargo-
handling services for air transport 
and rail transport. 
 
(3)  None, except the following: 
 
- Commercial presence is allowed 
only in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation; 
- unbound with respect to 
cargo-handling services for air transport and ra il transport. 
 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  (1)  Unbound
47 
(2)  None, except the following: 
 - unbound with respect to cargo-
handling services for air transport 
and rail transport. 
 
(3)  None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
  
 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
                                                      
46 A commitment on this mode of supply is not feasible.  
47 A commitment on this mode of supply is not feasible.   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 65Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
(b)  Storage and warehouses services 
(CPC 742*), except storage and 
warehouses services for maritime that are committed in the 
Section 11.A. 
 (1)  Unbound
48 
(2)  None, except the following: 
 - unbound with respect to storage and 
warehouses services for rail 
transport. 
 
(3)  None, except the following: 
 - commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of 
the Russian Federation; 
- unbound with respect to storage and 
warehouses services for rail 
transport. 
 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".  (1)  Unbound
49 
(2)  None, except the following: 
 
- unbound with respect to storage and 
warehouses services for rail 
transport. 
 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market access". 
 
  
 
  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments".   
(c)  Freight transport agency services 
(CPC 748*), except freight transport 
agency services for maritime that are 
committed in the Section 11.A. (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in the form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments", 
and subject to the following: 
 - the employees responsible for the 
loading, fixing and unloading of 
cargoes in rail transport must be citizens of the Russian Federation 
only. (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments."   
                                                      
48 A commitment on this mode of supply is not feasible. 
49 A commitment on this mode of supply is not feasible.   
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 66 Modes of supply:  (1)  Cross-border supply  (2)  Consumption abroad  (3)  Commercial presence  (4)  Presence of natural persons  
Sectors and sub-sectors Limitations on  Market Access Limitations on Nati onal Treatment Additional commitments 
(d)  Other supporting and auxiliary 
transport services with respect to 
freight brokerage services, transportation document preparation 
services, freight inspection and 
weighing services  
 (CPC 7490*).  (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except the following:  
- commercial presence is allowed only 
in form of a juridical person of the Russian Federation. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments" (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None, except as indicated in the 
column "Limitations on market 
access". 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
Part I "Horizontal commitments"   
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 67Russian Federation – List of Article II (MFN) Exemptions 
 
Sectors or sub-sectors Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Country or countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the MFN exemption 
All sectors. Measures concerning investment 
activity and available protection. All parties to existing and future 
respective agreements which may be concluded. Indefinite. The measures are aimed at 
forming a legal framework for mutual protection and 
investment promotion. 
All sectors/presence of natural 
persons. Measures based on existing and future 
agreements with the objective of providing for the movement of natural 
persons supplying services.  Parties to the Partnership and 
Cooperation Agreem ent between the 
Russian federation and the European 
Communities and their Member States 
signed at 24 June 1994 with future supplements; CIS countries. Indefinite. Measures are aimed at 
progressive liberalization between the Russian Federation 
and its regional trading partners. 
2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES 
D. Audio-visual servi ces Measures with respect to broadcasting 
and other similar forms of transmission 
of the audio-visual works, including television and radio programs, meeting 
origin criteria and other criteria, 
established by the respective 
agreements. Parties to the Council of Europe 
Convention on Trans-frontier 
Television or other countries with whom bilateral agreements may be 
concluded. Indefinite. Development of cultural links 
and protection of cultural 
heritage.  
D. Audio-visual services Measures based on co-production 
agreements, which confer national treatment with respect to audio-visual 
works covered by these agreements, 
including in relation to subsidies for production and distribution. Parties to the European Convention on 
Cinematographic Coproduction and countries with whom bilateral co-
production agreements are/may be 
concluded. Indefinite. Development of cultural links 
and protection of cultural heritage.  
D. Audio-visual services Measures granting the benefit of 
support programs to audio-visual 
works, including television and radio programs, and suppliers of such works 
meeting certain origin criteria. Parties to the Council of Europe 
Convention on Trans-frontier 
Television, Parties to the European Convention on Cinematographic 
Coproduction or other European 
countries with whom bilateral agreements may be concluded. Indefinite. Development of cultural links 
and protection of cultural 
heritage. 
5. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES 
 Measures with respect to opening and 
activity of branches.  Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, 
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, 
Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmen, Uzbekistan, Ukraine. Indefinite. Measures are aimed at 
preservation and development of 
relations in the field of education.  
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 
Page 68 Sectors or sub-sectors Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Country or countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the MFN exemption 
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
A. Maritime Transport 
Services In the cases and subject to the 
procedure established by the 
Government of the Russian Federation cabotage transportation and cabotage 
towing may be carried out by foreign 
vessels. All countries. Indefinite. The measure reflects existing 
practice of ad hoc regulation of 
the issues concerned on the basis of case-by-case decisions and 
subject to the concrete situation. 
Measures with respect to the access of 
vessels under Polish flag to the Russian 
part of Kaliningrad bay and Baltic sea 
channel. Poland. Indefinite. Ensuring of obligations under 
international agreement and 
preservation of traditional 
relations in the field of maritime transportation.  
Special regime of shipping in Caspian 
sea. Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, 
Turkmenistan. Indefinite. Development of regional 
cooperation.  
Measures allowing for bilateral 
agreements concerni ng cargo sharing 
and cargo reservation. Algeria, Brazil, Malaysia, Mexico, 
Syria, Tunisia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Ethiopia, Ghana. Indefinite. Existing respective agreements. 
Measures related to maritime operators 
such as priority rights under the 
Production Sharing Agreements and in 
relation to maritime agency activities. Parties to the Partnership and 
Cooperation Agreem ent between the 
Russian federation and the European 
Communities and their Member States 
signed at 24 June 1994 with future supplements. Indefinite. Ensuring of obligations under 
international agreement. 
Measures related to maritime operators such as priority rights under the 
Production Sharing Agreements. Norway. Indefinite. Ensuring of obligations under 
international agreement. 
B. Internal Waterways 
Transport 
 
a) Passenger transportation b) Freight transportation Measures contained in the existing and 
future agreements on access to inland 
waterways which provide for the 
preferential treatment with respect to traffic rights and access to ports and 
port service, payment of tonnage, dues 
and other charges. All parties to existing and future 
agreements. Indefinite. Maintenance and development 
of the achieved level of 
economic links with the States 
concerned and more particularly with certain regions of such 
states. 
С. Air Transport Services  
 
- Selling and marketing Measures concerning establishment of 
companies and opening of 
representative offices, applied on the 
basis of reciprocity.  All parties to existing and future 
respective air transportation 
agreements. Indefinite. Implementation of the 
conditions for supply of air 
transport services established in 
the framework of the existing bilateral air transportation 
agreements.  
   WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2
 Page 69Sectors or sub-sectors Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Country or countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the MFN exemption 
E. Rail Transport Services Measures maintained in the framework 
of the existing and future agreements 
regulating the rules of carriage, the terms of operation and transportation, 
supply of services related to rail 
transport services in the territory of Russian Federation and between the 
countries – parties to the agreements. All parties to existing and future 
agreements. Indefinite. Ensuring the integrity of railway 
transport as a single production 
and technological complex, regulation of carriage in the 
territory of the 
Russian Federation and between the countries - parties of the 
agreements.  
F. Road Transport Services 
 - International road 
passenger and freight 
transportation Measures in the framework of the 
existing and future agreements on market access in respect of the road 
transport services including tax 
exemptions. All parties to existing and future 
respective agreements, which may be concluded. 
 Indefinite. Limitations, prohibitions, and 
differences in the market access treatments are applied on the 
basis of reciprocity with respect 
to States maintaining similar measures in respect of the 
Russian carriers and/or means of 
transport.  
 
 WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 Page 70 
 
 
  ANNEX I 
 
List of Incumbent Operators 
 
 OJSC "Rostelecom" 
 SUE1 "Kosmicheskaya svjaz" 
 OJSC "Kostromskaya GTS"  OJSC "MGTS"  OJSC "Lensvjaz" 
 OJSC "Svjaz" of the Republic of Komi 
 OJSC "Pskovskaja GTS"  OJSC "Tattelecom"  OJSC "Bashinformsvjaz"  SUE "Upravlenie electrosvjazi of Ingush Republic" 
 SUE "Electrosvjaz" in Chechen Republic" 
 OJSC "Dagsvjazinform"  OJSC "Tivasvjazinform"  OJSC "Sahatelecom"  OJSC "Chukotkasvjazinform" 
7 inter-regional operators: 
 
 OJSC "Zentralnaja tel ecommunicazionnaja kompanija" 
 OJSC "Severo-zapadnij telecom"  OJSC "Volgatelecom"  OJSC "Juzjnaja telecommunicazionnaja kompanija" 
 OJSC "Uralsvjazinform" 
 OJSC "Sibirjtelecom"  OJSC "Daljnevostochnaja kompanija svjazi"  
                                                      
1 State unitary enterprise. 
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2  Page 71 
 
 
  ADDITIONAL COMMITMENTS BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 
ON BASIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 
I. SCOPE 
 The following are definitions and principl es on regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services. 
Definitions 
 Users mean service consumers and service suppliers. 
 Essential Facilities means facilities of a public  telecommunications transport network or 
services that: 
(a) are exclusively or predominantly provided  by a single or limited number of suppliers; 
and 
(b) cannot feasibly be economically or tec hnically substituted in order to provide a 
service. 
 A major supplier is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of 
participation (having regard to price and supply) in  the relevant market for basic telecommunications 
services as a result of: 
 (a) control over essential facilities; or 
 (b) use of its position in the market.  
1. Competitive safeguards 
1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications 
 Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone 
or together, are a major supplier from engaging in or continuing anti-competitive practice. 
1.2 Safeguards 
 The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:  (a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization; 
 (b) using information obtained from comp etitors with anti-competitive results; and 
(c) not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical 
information about essential facilities and co mmercially relevant information which 
are necessary for them to provide services. 
 WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2 Page 72 
 
 
  2. Interconnection 
2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public telecommunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the user s of one supplier to communicate with users of 
another supplier and to access services provi ded by another supplier, where specific 
commitments are undertaken.  
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured 
 Interconnection with a major supplier will be en sured at any technically feasible point in the 
network. Such interconnection is provided: 
(a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditi ons (including technical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its 
own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service supplier or for its subsidiaries or other affiliates; 
(b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that ar e transparent, reasonable, having regard 
to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundl ed so that the supplier need not pay 
for network components or facilities that it does not require for the services to be provided; and 
(c) upon request, at points in addition to the network termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary additional facilities. 
2.3 Public availability of the pro cedures for interconnection negotiations 
 The procedures applicable for interconnecti on to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available. 
2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements 
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make  publicly available either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer. 
2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement 
 A service supplier requesting interconnection with  a major supplier will have recourse, either: 
 (a) at any  time, or 
(b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known to an 
independent domestic body, which may be  a regulatory body as referred to in 
paragraph 5 below, to resolve disputes re garding appropriate terms, conditions and 
rates for interconnection within a reasonable period of time, to the extent that these 
have not been established previously. 
  WT/ACC/RUS/70/Add.2 
 WT/MIN(11)/2/Add.2  Page 73 
 
 
  3. Universal service 
 Any Member has the right to define the ki nd of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regard ed as anti-competitive per se, provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discrimin atory and competitively neutral manner and are 
not more burdensome than necessary for the kind  of universal service defined by the Member. 
4. Public availability of licensing criteria 
 Where a licence is required, the following will be publicly available: 
(a) all the licensing criteria and the period of  time normally required to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence; and 
(b) the terms and conditions  of individual licenses. 
 
The reasons for the denial of a licence will be  made known to the applicant upon request. 
5. Independent regulators 
 The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services.  The decisions of and the procedures used by regulators shall be 
impartial with respect to all market participants. 
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources 
 Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an objective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory manner.  The current state of allocated frequency bands will be made 
publicly available, but detailed identification of frequencies allocated for specific government 
uses is not required. 
__________