RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/TPR/G/235 
25 August 2010  
 
(10-4279) 
Trade Policy Review Body Original:  English 
   
 
  
 
TRADE POLICY REVIEW 
 
Report by 
 
UNITED STATES 
 
  
 
Pursuant to the Agreement Establishi ng the Trade Policy Review Mechanism 
(Annex 3 of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade 
Organization), the policy statement by the United States is attached. 
 
 
Note: This report is subject to restricted circ ulation and press embargo until the end of the first 
session of the meeting of the Trade Policy Review Body on the United States. United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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CONTENTS 
 
  Page 
I. THE UNITED STATES IN THE MULTILATERAL SYSTEM 5 
 (1) O VERVIEW  5 
 (i) Trade Expansion 7 
 (ii) Trade and Development 8  (iii) Monitoring and Enforcement 8 
 (iv) Transparency and Public Outreach 10 
II. THE UNITED STATES ECONOM IC AND TRADE ENVIRONMENT 11 
 (i) Trade Policy 11 
 (ii) Growth 11 
 (iii) Federal Budget Deficit 12  (iv) Nominal Savings/Investment 12 
 (v) Labor Markets 12 
 (vi) Productivity 13  (vii) Exports, Imports, and the Trade Balance 13 
 (viii) Challenges to the U.S. and Global Recovery 13 
 (ix) Conclusion 14 
III. OPENNESS AND ACCOUNTABILITY:  BUILDING SUPPORT FOR TRADE 14 
 (i) The U.S. System 14 
IV. TRADE POLICY DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 2008 18 
 (1) WTO
 AGREEMENTS AND INITIATIVES  18 
 (i) The Doha Development Agenda 18  (ii) Implementation of Existing Agreements 18 
 (2) R
EGIONAL INITIATIVES  19 
 (i) North American Free Trade Agreement 20  (ii) Central America and the Dominican Republic 20 
 (iii) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum 21 
 (iv) The U.S.-ASEAN Trade and Investment Framework Arrangement 21  (v) Implementing Free Trade Agreem ents with the Middle East and 
  North Africa 22 
 (vi) Managing and Deepening U.S.-EU Trade 22  (vii) African Growth and Opportunity Act 22 
 (viii) The Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act 23 
 (ix) HOPE II Act 23  (x) Andean Trade Preference Act 24 
 (3) B
ILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS (FTA S) 25 WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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    P a g e  
V. TRADE-RELATED CAPACITY  BUILDING INITIATIVES 28 
(1) M ILLENNIUM CHALLENGE CORPORATION  29 
 (2) T HE ENHANCED INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK  29 
 (3) W ORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION -RELATED U.S. T RADE -RELATED ASSISTANCE  29 
 (4) TCB  INITIATIVES FOR AFRICA  30 
 (5) F REE TRADE AGREEMENT (FTA)  NEGOTIATIONS  32 
VI. TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT 32 
VII. TRADE AND LABOR 32 
VIII. CONCLUSION  32 
 United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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I. THE UNITED STATES IN THE MULTILATERAL SYSTEM 
(1) OVERVIEW  
1. 2010 marks 15 years since the United States became an original member of the World Trade 
Organization (WTO).  The United States finds that  in that time, the WTO has proven to be the 
bedrock of an open, rules-based global trading syst em.  Through the rules and institutions that are 
already in place, the WTO has served to advance U. S. interests by providing farmers, ranchers, 
manufacturers and service providers with certainty, transparency and stability in their efforts to 
compete for the business of the 95 per cent of c onsumers who live outside the United States.  The 
United States, therefore, remains strongly committed to the rules- based multilateral trading system, 
which advances the well-being of the people of the United States and of our trading partners.  The 
WTO continues to serve as the multilateral foundation of U.S. trade policy, as a vital vehicle for 
ensuring the ability of U.S. farmers, ranchers, manufacturers and service providers to pursue new 
economic opportunities while also enabli ng global growth and development. 
2. As the U.S. Government undergoes its tenth Trad e Policy Review, and as an active participant 
in the Trade Policy Review Mechanism, the Unite d States continues its steadfast belief that 
transparency is a fundamental component of robust world trade.  As a key architect of the post-World 
War II trading system and a leader in the pursuit of successive trade-liberalizing rounds of trade 
negotiations, the United States shares a common purpose with our WTO partners:  expanding 
economic opportunities for the world's citizens by reducing trade barriers. 
3. Since the last U.S. Trade Policy Review in 2008, the United States elected a new President 
whose Administration has already faced some of the most difficult economic challenges in U.S. 
history.  During the most severe recession since the 1930s, the steady resolve of  the world's leadership 
to reject protectionism preserved the basis of the global trading system – and the potential of that 
system to aid economic recovery – through the wors t of the downturn.  In the United States, while 
crafting measures together to stimulate the U.S. economy, Congress and the President reaffirmed our 
commitment to international tr ade obligations.  In a time of global economic challenge, the 
United States has reaffirmed its commitment to th e rules based trade system anchored by the WTO's 
system of multilateral trading rules and dispute se ttlement.  The United States sees that the WTO is 
both a venue for multilateral liberalization through negotiation and a defense against protectionism 
through application of the rules and its system of consultation in Committees, Councils and Working 
Parties.  The United States also knows that the alte rnative to respect for the rules is growing mutual 
suspicion and conflict among trade partners.  The United States believes that the WTO's system of 
dispute settlement is a vital avenue for countries to  resolve difficult disagreements while maintaining 
solid working relationships. 
4. As 2010 continues to unfold, concluding an am bitious and balanced Doha Round as a means 
to generate economic growth thr ough meaningful new trade flows in agriculture, industrial goods and 
services remains a top U.S. trade negotiating priori ty.  Along with the day-to-day implementation of 
the rules governing world trade, the Doha Round ne gotiations reflect the imperative of continued 
multilateral trade liberalization as part of the f oundation that ensures stability and growth in a 
dynamic world economy.  The United States believes that the WTO remains the most comprehensive 
venue for trade negotiations.  As the President ma de clear in a November 2009 speech in Japan, the 
United States is "working toward an ambitious a nd balanced Doha agreement – not any agreement, 
but an agreement that will open up markets and increase exports around the world."  A successful 
Doha Round will embrace a process of balanced a nd ambitious give and take among established or 
newly emerging trading powers, while giving due consideration to the special interests and circumstances of developing economies, including majo r achievements in regard to their development WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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agenda.  A sound Doha agreement that provides mean ingful liberalization in all three core market 
access areas – agriculture, goods, and services – could boost the world economy, support many good 
jobs, assist poorer countries, and reinforce confid ence in a rules-based trading system.  A weak 
agreement would not serve these interests and ultimately would weaken the WTO. 
5. The fundamental features of U.S. trade policy -- maintenance of open,  competitive markets, 
compliance with WTO obligations, and leadership  in the multilateral trading system -- remain 
unchanged despite new challenges presented by a dynamic, global economy.  In our 2008 TPR we 
stated that if the United States is to be successfu l in ensuring economic growth for the long-term, an 
open trade policy that supports more rapid growth  of exports will play a prominent role.  The 
United States needs open markets around the world to  withstand protectionist pressures at home and 
to sustain the economic arguments at the core of ou r more than sixty-year old, bipartisan, open trade 
policy.  At the WTO, the United States is activel y working with our trading partners to use the 
relevant Committees, Councils and Working Parties to  address trade concerns, including those arising 
in response to the economic crisis.  This day-to-day work in the WTO is fundamental to our efforts to 
contain protectionism. 
6. In 2009, President Obama set a goal of doubling U.S. exports in the subsequent five years – 
an increase that will support 2 million additional jobs  in the United States.  The new National Export 
Initiative is part of the Administration's focus on spurring economic growth and putting Americans 
back to work.  Key cabinet officials, includi ng the United States Trade Representative and the 
Secretary of Commerce, along with the Council of Economic Advisers, the National Economic 
Council, and the National Security Council carefully  analyzed growth trends in the world economy 
and policies the Administration could pursue to help improve U.S. export performance over the 
2009-2014 period.  The President's National Expo rt Initiative includes a newly created Export 
Promotion Cabinet, the  hiring of additional trade experts to provi de advice to potential U.S. exporters, 
the mobilization of government officials to enga ge in export advocacy activities, the expansion of 
export counseling for small- and me dium-sized businesses, the reduction in barriers to trade, and the 
opening of new markets. 
7. USTR continues to consult closely with  the Congress, including on the WTO Doha 
Development Agenda and on legisl ation intended to bring the United States into compliance with 
adverse WTO rulings.  In the United States, no trade policy can succeed without close cooperation 
with the Members and leadership of Congress.  Cu rrently, there is a lively debate in Congress over 
U.S. trade policy.  The Administration has reiterated its  pledge to continue to fully inform and consult 
with all Members of Congress on all aspects of U.S. trade policy, and will work closely with the 
committees of jurisdiction when defining priorities.   The Administration is committed to working 
with Congress to advance a trade agenda that pr omotes economic prosperity and that addresses the 
changes and disruptions that can fo llow from increased globalization. 
8. The Administration is addressing the employment disruptions directly attributable to trade 
policy.  Working with Congress, the President was ab le to sign into law the Trade and Globalization 
Adjustment Assistance Act of 2009 (TGAAA), as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.  The TGAAA reauthorized Trade Ad justment Assist ance (TAA) programs;  expanded 
TAA coverage to more workers and firms, including  workers and firms in the service sectors for the 
first time;  made benefits available to workers whose jobs have been sent "off-shore" to another 
country (as opposed to covering a more limited set of shifts in production);  improved workers' 
training options;  and increased the affordability of health insurance coverage.  The Administration 
has pledged to continue our ongoing work with  Congress to ensure adequate funding for TAA 
programs and to ensure that U.S. workforce progr ams complement each other.  The Administration 
also recognizes that our policies for education, inve stment, labor markets, health care, energy, the United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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environment and innovation must also respond to  changes in the world economy to improve upon 
U.S. competitiveness so that American workers will prosper and American firms will compete strongly in world markets. 
9. The Obama Administration is convinced that  a trade policy focused on the largest 
opportunities for increasing American exports and jo bs, on opening markets and boosting innovation, 
and based on the principles of a rules-based globa l trading system can contribute powerfully to the 
goal of sustainable economic growth that provides the benefits of trade at home while also advancing 
global recovery.  This will be done consistently with our goals for American values, including the 
rights of workers, environmental sustainability, and political accountability.  This Administration is 
committed to the hard work necessary to harness trad e policy as an engine of growth and prosperity 
for the United States and for the world. 
(i) Trade Expansion 
10. U.S. trade policy must emphasize the pursuit of the most significant new market opportunities 
in ways that enhance sustainable growth, inno vation, and good jobs through expanded trade.  
Deepening engagement with major emerging markets is critical for American trade prospects.  We 
placed a particular emphasis on countries such as Chin a, India, Brazil, and Russia in 2009;  these and 
other large emerging markets will figure prominently in the future.  As a region, the Asia-Pacific will weigh much more prominently in American trade and world economic activity in the future, and it 
will take multiple initiatives to maximize the opportunities for the region.  Deepening and 
strengthening our longstanding a nd vital trade ties with the Eur opean Union will build upon the 
already immense benefits of that relationship.  Beyond geographic opportunities, we plan to target 
specific classes of market barriers that impede our  trade, and focus on sectors that provide special 
opportunities for enhanced growth of jobs and innova tion, working within and enhancing key bilateral 
and regional arrangements. 
11. Like other Members of the WTO, the United Stat es has created an extensive series of bilateral 
and regional trade and investment agreements.  Last  year, we pledged to seek paths forward on three 
pending Free Trade Agreements, and to build on impor tant existing agreements to better achieve our 
goals of more jobs, higher growth, and the promoti on of our core values.  We seized the opportunities 
offered by current Free Trade Agreements and Tr ade and Investment Framework Agreements to 
discuss problems and launched new initiatives with a number of partners.  We promised a careful review of the North American Free Trade Agreem ent (NAFTA) and of the model text guiding our 
negotiators on Bilateral Investme nt Treaties (BITs).  In 2009, the United States also issued a 
notification of its intention to begin negotiations  with seven partner countries (Australia, Brunei, 
Chile, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam) for the Trans-Pacific Partnership 
12. The Administration continues to believe that resolution of outstanding issues and subsequent 
implementation of Free Trade Agreements with Panama, Colombia and Korea can bring significant 
economic and strategic benefits.  However, there ha ve been questions raised in the United States 
about some issues related to these pending pacts.  Rather than brush these questions aside, we 
conducted extensive consultations  with Congress, stakeholders, and the public on the pending 
Agreements, including a Federal Register Notice on Colombia and Korea to more precisely identify 
issues.  With respect to Korea, President Obama announced in June that he  was launching an initiative 
to complete the U.S.-Korea FTA.  The Administra tion will be working to resolve the outstanding 
issues with respect to this FTA by the time of the November 11-12 G-20 summit meeting in Seoul.  
With resolution of the outstanding issues, the Admi nistration intends to submit the Agreement to 
Congress in the months following the November G-20 meeting.  The Colombia and Panama free trade WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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agreements are also important trade priorities for the Administration, and the President has announced 
his commitment to moving forward with the agreements as soon as possible. 
(ii) Trade and Development 
13. The Administration supports expa nding trade opportunities to stimulate market-led growth in 
the poorer countries of the world and to lift their nati onal income levels.  Trade expansion can also be 
a powerful tool for restoring jobs to a nation devastat ed by natural disaster, such  as Haiti.  At the same 
time, the Administration recognizes that opportunities created by open markets require complementary measures to achieve the greatest boost for these countries. 
14. The Administration believes that much can be done through the WTO.  The United States 
supports the trade-related assistance activities of th e WTO Secretariat through contributions to the 
Doha Development Agenda Global Trust Fund.  With an additional contribution of more than 
$1 million in 2010, total U.S. contributions to the WTO have amounted to nearly $10 million since 
the launch of DDA negotiations.  The United States st ands by our Hong Kong commitment to provide 
duty-free and quota-free market access to least-developed countries as part of the implementation of a successful conclusion to the Doha Round.  The United States also cham pions the WTO's work on 
trade facilitation, as simplifying and modernizing customs procedures enhances trading opportunities, 
improves the investment climate and helps better integrate developing countries, particularly least developed countries (LDCs), into global supply netw orks.  In addition, we continue to support the 
Enhanced Integrated Framework through our bilateral trade capacity building assistance and on-the-ground presence in LDCs.  This includes th e work of USAID and the Millennium Challenge 
Corporation.  We continue to work with develo ping countries to help prioritize trade in their 
development plans, particularly in critical undertakings such as food security.  Entrepreneurs in developing countries are important champions for creating market-based prosperity.  The 
United States takes an active role in WTO acce ssion negotiations, encouraging implementation of 
WTO rules by new Members and, through provision of technical assistance for these negotiations, 
helping accession applicants to build trade capacity  and to harness international trade in their 
economic development programs. 
15. Integral to the Administration's goal of accelerating growth and economic reform in the 
developing world and, most importantly, in its po orest regions, are the four U.S. preference programs 
[the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), th e African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), the 
Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, and th e Andean Trade Preferen ce Act (ATPA)] through 
which eligible products enter the United States dut y-free from 131 beneficiary developing countries.  
Such U.S. imports totalled an estimated $54 billion in 2009, down 51 per cent from 2008 ($110 billion).  The 51 per cent decline in imports un der these five programs compares to the overall 
30 per cent decline for U.S. total goods imports (for consumption) from the world over the same 
period.  These declines reflect the global r ecession as well as lower petroleum prices.  The 
Administration has pledged to continue to work  with the Congress and other stakeholders to 
implement and improve these programs, and to bette r focus benefits on the poorest countries.  The 
United States also continues to provide trade-re lated technical assistance for these programs.  The 
United States maintains the belief that countries benef iting from preference programs must also make 
the critical reforms and investments needed to diversify their exports and improve their competitiveness in the United States as well as in regional and global markets. 
(iii) Monitoring and Enforcement 
16. In a major speech in July 2009, the United St ates Trade Representative affirmed the Obama 
Administration's intention to make enforcement of  trade agreements a centerpiece of U.S. trade United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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policy.  The American people expect firm pursuit of U.S. rights in the rules-based trading system in 
order to ensure fair competition with global tradin g partners.  Our trade rights include protection of 
intellectual property, the ability to address a wide array of market access barriers to U.S. goods and 
services, and recourse to trade remedies when n ecessary.  Taken together, these rights guarantee the 
economic opportunities of trade by reducing critical barriers to our exports and leveling the playing 
field among trading partners.  Our rights also include the upholding of the American values embodied in international labor standards and in the implem entation of international environmental agreements. 
17. The Obama Administration has responded to the ca ll for more vigilant trade enforcement in a 
number of ways.  For example, the Administrati on has taken actions under the legal remedies 
authorized by our trade agreements, including f iling and pursuing a number of well-known disputes at 
the WTO and in other fora.  At the same time, we  have made it clear that we welcome rapid and 
pragmatic resolution of trade disputes rather th an prolonged uncertainty, and we have concluded 
agreements where possible and appropriate to carry out this perspective. 
18. In addition, we have taken a number of steps to continue to strengthen U.S. capacity to 
monitor markets and strongly enforce the rights and benefits that the United States has negotiated in 
our trade agreements.  For example, we are c ontinuing to increase coordination among relevant 
federal agencies to detect and respond to violations of our trade rights more quickly and effectively. 
19. We have also increased our focus on certain behind-the-border barriers that pose particularly 
troublesome problems for U.S. exporters.  Thus, in  2009 the USTR announced that the Administration 
would deploy resources more effectively to iden tify and confront unnecessary or unjustified barriers 
stemming from sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) meas ures as well as technical regulations, standards, 
and conformity assessment procedures (standards-related measures) that restrict U.S. exports of safe, 
high quality products.  While such measures often ser ve a vital role in safeguarding countries and 
their people, including protecting health, safety, and the environment, it is important that SPS and 
standards-related measures not act as disguised or  unwarranted restrictions on market access or 
discriminate against U.S. exports. 
20. Earlier this year, the U.S. Government pub lished two new reports focusing on SPS measures 
and standards-related measures that act as significa nt barriers to U.S. exports.  These reports will 
serve as tools to bring greater attention and focu s to addressing SPS and stan dards-related measures 
that may be inconsistent with international trade agreements to which the United States is a party or 
that otherwise act as significant barriers to U.S. exports.  USTR's activities in the WTO Committee on 
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and the WT O Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) 
are at the forefront of these efforts.  USTR also engages on these issues through, inter alia, 
mechanisms established by free tr ade agreements, such as NAFTA, and through other regional and 
multilateral organizations, such as the Asia-Pac ific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum and the 
Organization for Economic Coopera tion and Development (OECD). 
21. In addition, the United States will also enforce fully labor and environmental rights specified 
in our trade agreements, including through dispute se ttlement as necessary.  Ov er the last year, we 
instituted more vigorous scrutiny of overseas labor practices that impinge upon labor obligations in 
our trade agreements.  In addition to enforcement of labor provisions in trade agreements, we will 
ensure that dialogue with key trade partners fo cuses on the relationship between respect for labor 
rights and enhanced trade.  Monitoring our FTA partners' implementation of, and compliance with, 
environment chapter obligations is an important  U.S. trade policy objective.  We will use the 
mechanisms at our disposal to focus on monitori ng of implementation and compliance issues for FTA 
environment chapters.  These mechanisms and high- level dialogue on trade and environment issues WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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with our FTA partners will provide the tools necessar y to ensure our FTA partners are fully adhering 
to their FTA environmental obligations. 
(iv) Transparency and Public Outreach 
22. Trade's share in the national economy has grown – approximately tripling since 1970 to 
30 per cent of GDP in 2008 (though falling back to 25 per cent in 2009).  As trade has grown, the 
consequences of trade policy for U.S. governance and society have grown as well.  The growing 
scope and impact of trade policy led the Administrati on to pledge greater transparency in the crafting 
of a trade policy that is more reflective of U.S. va lues.  We have turned these pledges into actions and 
these values inform our approach to the broad ra nge of activities we pursue, ranging from market 
opening measures, enforcing trade agreements, and ensuring that regulatory regimes are consistent 
with trade obligations. 
23. Reflecting U.S. values in our trade policy begins  with a keen appreciation of the relationship 
between trade and our workers, firms, farmers, and ranchers.  It requires regular and thorough 
examination of how trade policy can best respond to  the real people behind the shifting contours of 
the American economy – for instance, through in creased attention to job-creating small- and 
medium-sized firms as the shift toward more sustai nable and equitable growth for the United States 
decreases domestic consumption and increases the importance of exports.  Between 1992 and 2009, 
small- and medium-sized business employers were responsible for creating 64.1 per cent of net new 
jobs in the United States.1  For this reason, the U.S. Trade Representative designated an Assistant 
U.S. Trade Representative for Small Business, Ma rket Access and Industrial Competitiveness, who 
will coordinate the agency's work on small- and medium-sized business trade priorities and enhance 
outreach to those firms.  USTR has also requested  extensive studies for delivery this year by the 
U.S. International Trade Commission on the export activities and potential of these key drivers of employment in the United States.  The United States  will continue to expand our focus on small- and 
medium-sized firms' concerns across the broad range of market-opening initiatives we pursue. 
24. Acting on this Administration's commitment to great er transparency in trade policy, USTR, in 
the past year, has revamped its public information and public outreach efforts, with a completely new 
website at http://www.ustr.gov and an embrace of so cial networking tools.  This has improved the 
information available to the public about trade polic y, while inviting a broader range of stakeholder 
comments. 
25. Private sector advice is both a critical and inte gral part of the trade policy process.  The 
United States maintains an ongoing dialogue with in terested private sector parties on trade agenda 
issues.  The advisory committee system is unique  since the committees meet on a regular basis and 
receive sensitive information about ongoing trade negotiations and other trade policy issues and 
developments.  Committee members are required to have a national security clearance. 
26. The system is arranged in three tiers:  the President's Advisory Committee for Trade Policy 
and Negotiations (ACTPN);  five policy advisory  committees dealing with environment, labor, 
agriculture, Africa, and state and local issues;  and 22 technical advisory committees in the areas of 
industry and agriculture.  These advisory committees provide information and advice with respect to 
U.S. negotiating objectives and bargaining positions before the Government enters into trade 
agreements, on the operation of any trade agreement once entered into, and on other matters arising in 
connection with the development,  implementation, and administration of U.S. trade policy. 
                                                     
 
1 U.S. International Trade Commission, "Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises:  Overview of 
Participation in U.S. Exports", Investigation No. 332-508, USITC Publication 4125, January 2010, (page 2-2). United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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27. Membership on official trade advisory groups  was reviewed to increase the diversity of 
perspectives from citizens with expertise on the i ssues.  New membership rosters will be announced 
as committees come up for re-chartering.  In k eeping with the President's goal of reducing the 
influence of special interests on U.S. policy, the Administration also has announced that registered 
lobbyists will not be appointed (or rea ppointed) to these committees in the future. 
28. An important element of U.S. support for the multilateral system is the recognition that the 
system, including the WTO, is a work in progress.  Members, therefore, must take responsibility for 
important institutional improvements.  The Unit ed States will continue to press for increased 
transparency in WTO operations, in WTO nego tiations and in Members' trade policies. 
II. THE UNITED STATES ECONOMIC AND TRADE ENVIRONMENT 
(i) Trade Policy 
29. During the most severe recession since the 1930s, the United States maintained its 
commitment to international trade obligations a nd avoided further aggrav ating economic difficulties 
that would have been intensified by trade restri ctive reactions.  Even so, U.S. and global trade 
contracted sharply beginning in mid-2008, with recovery beginning only in early 2009. 
30. With 95 per cent of the world's population living outside our borders, the United States 
remains committed to the integrity of existing trad e agreements and to the negotiation of additional 
trade agreements, both multilateral and bilateral, th at open markets further and create opportunities for 
trade, trade-related job and income expansion for all.  As of 2008, exports supported over 10 million 
jobs in the United States alone, including one in f our in the manufacturing sector.  Imports from U.S. 
trade partners have also helped expand our  purchasing power, widen choices for American 
consumers, and provide valuable inputs into U.S. pr oduction.  As we all understand, such gains to one 
country come, not at the expense of others, but in conjunction with gains of others, when our efforts 
focus on opening markets and playing by the rules of our rules-based trading system. 
31. The United States maintains one of the world's mo st open trade regimes, with the current U.S. 
simple average tariff at 3.5 per cent on a legally  bound basis under the WTO.  When GSP and other 
preferences are taken into account, the U.S. trade-we ighted average tariff is under 1.4 per cent on an 
applied basis.  In 2009, 70 per cent of all U.S. im ports (including under preference programs) entered 
the United States duty free.  U.S. service markets ar e open to foreign providers and U.S. regulatory 
processes are transparent a nd accessible to the public. 
(ii) Growth 
32. As a result of the global recession, the real gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States 
increased only 0.4 per cent in 2008 and declined 2.4 pe r cent in 2009.  This marked the first calendar 
year decline in U.S. GDP since 1991.  The recession was indicated first by the decline in residential 
housing prices and construction, th en in consumer spending and busi ness investment, before finally 
affecting financial institutions.  Residential fixe d investment declined 39 per cent between 2007 and 
2009, while non-residential fixed investment dec lined by 16 per cent.  Personal consumption 
expenditures, that account for over two-thirds of U.S. GDP, declined by nearly one per cent over the 
two-year period.  The growth of government e xpenditures for both consumption and investment 
picked up, from an annual average of 1.5 per cent in 2006-2007 to 3.1 per cent in 2008 and 1.8 per cent in 2009 (due mainly to the stimulus programs in both 2008 and 2009).  With the recession, both U.S. real exports and imports of goods and services contracted between 2007 and 
2009, with exports down 5 per cen t and imports down 17 per cent. WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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33. In addition to increases in public expenditure to offset part of the sharp decline in private 
sector spending, measures to address the deepening recession included:  the Federal Reserve reducing 
the federal funds rate to near zero and pursuing ot her unconventional monetary and credit easing;  the 
Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) legislati on and Supervisory Capital Assessment Program 
(stress tests) to begin the recapitalization of the banking sector;  the Making Home Affordable 
program to help stem foreclosures and stabilize housing markets;  and unprecedented international 
coordination through the G-8, G-20 and other fora, including the establishment of currency swap lines 
between central banks, increased funding for the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and joint 
commitments to pursue fiscal stimulus to combat the downturn. 
34. As a result, overall economic recovery began in the 3rd quarter of 2009.  U.S. real GDP rose 
3.5 per cent, on an annual basis, between the 2nd quarter of 2009 and the first quarter of 2010.  
Personal consumption increased 2.5 per cent, and re sidential fixed investment increased 3.4 per cent 
(both on an annualized basis).  U.S. exports of goods and services increased 17.2 per cent between the 
2nd quarter of 2009 and the first quarter of 2010, while U.S. imports of goods and services rose 
17.3 per cent. 
(iii) Federal Budget Deficit 
35. Due to the sharp decline in Federal tax re venues, automatic increases in recession-related 
expenditure, and the 2008 and 2009 stimulus packages, the Federal primary budget deficit increased 
in both 2008 (to 4.4 per cent of GDP), and 2009 (to 8. 6 per cent of GDP).  This compared to a Federal 
budget deficit average of 1.6 per cent in 2006-2007.  As the economy recovers, the primary deficit is 
projected to fall to 3.0 per cent of GDP in 2012 and to below 1 per cent of GDP by 2015.  In addition, 
earlier this year the President created a bipartisan  fiscal commission with the expressed mandate to 
propose new measures to bring the primary budget into balance by 2015. 
(iv) Nominal Savings/Investment 
36. U.S. gross savings, as a percentage of gross na tional income, declined from a recent peak of 
just over 18 per cent in 1998 to a recent low of 10.6  per cent in 2009.  Under the period of review 
saving as a share of income declined from 14.4 per cent in 2007 to 12.6 per cent in 2008 and to 
10.6 per cent in 2009.  The decline in gross savi ngs of $540 billion between 2007 and 2009 masked an 
increase in personal savings (including wage accrua ls) of $291 billion and business sector savings of 
$165 billion, as the government experi enced a $996 billion shift from mode st savings in 2007 to large 
dissavings in 2009. 
37. U.S. gross investment declined by $607 billion between 2007 and 2009, surpassing the 
$540 billion decline in U.S. gross savings during the sa me time period.  With levels of gross domestic 
investment in the U.S. economy declining faster than  U.S. savings, a decline in net inflows of capital 
occurred, from $803 billion in 2006, to $727 billio n in 2007, $707 billion in 2008 and to $433 billion 
in 2009. 
(v) Labor Markets 
38. Employment declined significantly in the United States during most of the period under 
review, dropping by 0.8 million workers in 2008 a nd by 5.9 million workers in 2009.  However, 
employment has increased by nearly 1 million between December 2009 and June 2010.  The unemployment rate has subsequently increas ed from 4.6 per cent in both 2006 and 2007 to 
5.8 per cent in 2008 and 9.3 per cent in 2009.  It app ears to have peaked at 10.1 per cent in October 
2009, and is currently at 9.7 per cent in May 2010.   Manufacturing employment has declined by over 
2 million workers to 11.7 million in May 2010, a nd now accounts for one in eleven U.S. non-farm United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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jobs.  Service-producing industries (including G overnment) employed 86 per cent of all U.S. 
non-farm workers in 2009. 
(vi) Productivity 
39. Labor productivity continued to increase in  2008 and 2009 despite the economic recession 
that lowered overall industrial production by 11.8 per cent between 2007 and 2009 and that lowered 
production of manufactures by 14.2 per cent.  Latest  data show that in the two years from the first 
quarter of 2008 to the first quarter of 2010, labor productivity, as measured by output per hour 
worked, grew at an annual rate of 3.9 per cent for the overall business economy.  The combination of 
production declines, on the one hand, and sustained productivity growth, on the other, resulted in job 
loss in the recent recession. 
(vii) Exports, Imports, a nd the Trade Balance 
40. U.S. trade increased in 2008 before significan tly declining in 2009 in  conjunction with the 
global economic downturn.  Nominal U.S exports of goods and services increased by 10.6 per cent 
between 2007 and 2008 (from $1.66 trillion to $1.83 trilli on) before declining by 14.6 per cent in 
2009 (to $1.56 trillion).  Nominal U.S. imports of goods and services increased by 7.1 per cent 
between 2007 and 2008 (from $2.37 trillion to $2.54 trillion), subsequently declining by 22.9 per cent 
in 2009 (to $1.96 trillion).  As a share of nominal GDP, U.S. goods and services exports increased to a record level of nearly 13 per cent in 2008 before dropping just below 11 per cent in 2009.  U.S. goods 
and services imports increased to a record level of  over 17 per cent of GDP in 2008, and then dropped 
below 14 per cent in 2009. 
41. Of world goods and services exports (excluding  U.S. exports and intra-EU exports), 
19.4 per cent were to the United States.  Of worl d goods and services imports (excluding U.S. imports 
and intra-EU imports), 14.5 per cent were supplied by the United States. 
42. The U.S. goods and services trade deficit with  other countries (on a national income and 
product accounts basis) declined by less than one per cent from $714 billion in 2007 (5.1 per cent of 
U.S. GDP) to $708 billion in 2008 (4.9 per cent of U. S. GDP), then dropped by 45 per cent in 2009 to 
$392 billion (2.8 per cent of U.S. GDP). 
(viii) Challenges to the U.S. and Global Recovery 
43. As the U.S. and world economies together recove r, we face challenges to  ensure that future 
growth has a more sustainable basis than prior to the recession.  In the near term, countries face the 
difficult task of timing the withdrawal of fiscal stimulus so as not to undercut private sector recovery.  
In this regard, the U.S. likely has more room to maneuver than do other advanced countries with 
higher levels of public debt and sl ower future growth prospects.  At the same time, the U.S. faces 
significant long-term budget challenges mostly ste mming from excess cost growth of health care and 
the aging of the population. 
44. Sustainable growth also implies a more balan ced distribution of global demand than existed 
before the crisis.  During the crisis the U.S. curre nt account deficit moved from 6 per cent to less than 
3 per cent as a share of GDP.  Going forward, it is unlikely that the U.S. will resume its outsized share 
of world demand, which will require concomitant adjustment from the large current account surplus 
countries. 
45. Finally, robust recovery will require renewed in ternational cooperation in the areas of trade 
and financial reform.  In an era of global fina nce, no one country can raise capital requirements or WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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impose financial market regulations without riskin g losing its banking sector to overseas competition.  
At the recent G-20 summit in Toronto leaders agreed  to work toward a new international framework 
for financial regulation.  On trade, the U.S. re mains committed to achieving resolution of the Doha 
Round to help open markets and strengthen the global economy. 
(ix) Conclusion 
46. In difficult times, the WTO rules-based system has proved its value in supplying the 
framework of rules, rights and obligations that he lped keep this worst of post-war recessions from 
being intensified by beggar-thy-neighbor protectioni sm.  All Members, as a result, have benefitted. 
III. OPENNESS AND ACCOUNTABILITY:  BUILDING SUPPORT FOR TRADE 
47. The United States believes that consulting with thos e interested in and affected by issues is an 
important part of any government's  responsibility, and is a hallmark of the U.S. system.  Advice from 
stakeholders is both a critical and integral part  of the trade policy process.  The U.S. government 
consults with interested parties on a regular basi s through a variety of mechanisms, both formal and 
informal.  U.S. Government agencies regular ly solicit public comment on trade issues. 
48. Broadening opportunities for public input and incr easing the transparency of trade policy is a 
key priority of the Obama Administration.  The United States works to ensure that timely trade 
information is available to the public and dissemina ted widely.  This is accomplished in part via 
USTR's new interactive website at www.ustr.gov;  a weekly electronic newsletter available through 
the USTR homepage;  online posting of Federal Re gister Notices soliciting public comment and input 
and publicizing Trade Policy Staff Committee (TPSC ) public hearings;  increased transparency 
regarding specific policy initiatives;  increased  outreach and engagement with small and 
medium-sized businesses;  meetings with a  broad array of stakeholders including but not limited to 
agriculture groups, industry groups, labor groups, sm all businesses, NGOs, universities, think tanks, 
and state and local governments;  and speeches to associations and conferences regarding trade.  In 
addition to public outreach, USTR is responsible for administering the statutory advisory committee 
system created by Congress under the Trade Act of 1974 as amended, as well as facilitating formal 
consultations with state and local governments regarding trade issues which may impact them. 
(i) The U.S. System 
(a) Policy Coordination 
49. The U.S. Trade Representative has primary res ponsibility, with the advice of the interagency 
trade policy organization, for deve loping and coordinating the implementation of U.S. trade policy, 
including on commodity matters (for example, coffee a nd rubber) and, to the extent they are related to 
trade, direct investment matters.  Under the Tr ade Expansion Act of 1962, Congress established an 
interagency trade policy mechanism to assist with the implementation of these responsibilities.  This 
organization, as it has evolved, consists of thr ee tiers of committees that constitute the principal 
mechanism for developing and coordinating U.S. Government positions on in ternational trade and 
trade-related investment issues. 
50. The Trade Policy Review Group (TPRG) and the Trade Policy Staff Committee (TPSC), 
administered and chaired by USTR, are the subcab inet interagency trade policy coordination groups 
central to this process.  The TPSC is the first lin e operating group, with representation at the senior 
civil servant level.  Supporting the TPSC are more  than 80 subcommittees responsible for specialized 
issues.  The TPSC regularly seeks advice from the public on its policy decisions and negotiations 
through Federal Register notices and public hearin gs.  In 2009, the TPSC held public hearings on United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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China's Compliance with WTO Commitments (Octobe r 2, 2009) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership 
Free Trade Area (March 3, 2009). 
51. Through the interagency process, USTR requests input and analysis from members of the 
appropriate TPSC subcommittee or task force.  The conclusions and recommendations of this group 
are then presented to the full TPSC and serve as the basis for reaching interagency consensus.  If 
agreement is not reached in the TPSC, or if par ticularly significant policy questions are being 
considered, issues are referred to the TPRG (Deput y USTR/Under Secretary level) or to the Deputies 
Committee of the National Security Council/Nationa l Economic Council.  Issues of the greatest 
importance move to the Principals Committee of the NSC/NEC for resolution by the Cabinet, with or 
without the President. 
52. Member agencies of the TPSC and the TPRG consist of the Departments of Commerce, 
Agriculture, State, Treasury, Labor, Justice, Defens e, Interior, Transportation, Energy, Health and 
Human Services, Homeland Security, the Envi ronmental Protection Agency, the Office of 
Management and Budget, the Council of Economic Advisers, the Council on Environmental Quality, 
the U.S. Agency for International Development, th e U.S. Small Business Administration, the National 
Economic Council, and the National Security Council.  The U.S. International Trade Commission is a 
nonvoting member of the TPSC and an observer at TPRG meetings.  Representatives of other 
agencies also may be invited to attend mee tings depending on the specific issues discussed. 
53. Separate from the policy coordination function, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative is 
subject to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).  Details of the program are available on the USTR 
website at http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/reading-room /freedom-information-act-foia.  This year the 
agency has made particular efforts at increased  disclosure in light of the new Administration's 
policies. 
(b) Advisory Committee Process 
54. Private sector advice is both a critical and inte gral part of the trade policy process.  USTR 
maintains an ongoing dialogue with interested private sector parties on trade agenda issues.  The 
advisory committee system is unique since the committees meet on a regular basis and receive 
sensitive information about ongoing trade nego tiations and other trade policy issues and 
developments. 
55. The U.S. Congress established the private sector  advisory committee system in 1974 to ensure 
that U.S. trade policy and trade negotiating object ives adequately reflect U.S. public and private 
sector interests.  The trade advisory committee system  consists of 28 advisory committees, with a total 
membership of approximately 700 advisors.  It includes committees representing sectors of industry, agriculture, labor, environment, state, and local in terests.  USTR manages the system, in cooperation 
with other agencies, including the Department s of Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, and the 
Environmental Protection Agency 
56. The trade advisory committees provide in formation and advice on U.S. negotiating 
objectives, the operation of trade agreements, and other matters arising in connection with the 
development, implementation, and ad ministration of U.S. trade policy. 
57. The system is arranged in three tiers:  the President's Advisory Committee for Trade Policy 
and Negotiations (ACTPN);  five policy advisory  committees dealing with environment, labor, 
agriculture, Africa, and state and local issues;  and 22 technical advisory committees in the areas of 
industry and agriculture.  In 2004, the committees were  streamlined and consolidated to better reflect WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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the composition of the U.S. economy.  Additional information on the advisory committees can be 
found on the USTR website at:  http://www.us tr.gov/Who_We_Are/Mission_of_the_USTR.html. 
58. In 2009, under the Obama Administration, USTR  made a further commitment to the reform 
of the advisory committee system and broadened the participation on committees to include more 
diversity of stakeholders, new voices, and fresh pe rspectives.  Additionally, as the committees are 
rechartered beginning in 2010, USTR is implem enting White House guidelines prohibiting registered 
lobbyists from serving on committees.  We believe th e committees will benefit from an influx of new 
members who can bring new ideas to the table, particularly small businesses which could benefit from further access to international markets. 
59. Recommendations for candidates for committee me mbership are collected from a number of 
sources, including members of Congress, associations  and organizations, pub lications, other federal 
agencies, responses to Federal Register Notices, and self-nominated individuals who have demonstrated an interest in and knowledge of U.S.  trade policy.  Membership selection is based on 
qualifications, geography, and the needs of the sp ecific committee to maintain a balance of the 
perspectives represented.  Committee members are re quired to have a security clearance in order to 
serve and have access to confidential trade docum ents on a secure encrypted website.  Committees 
meet regularly in Washington, DC to provide input and advice to USTR and other agencies.  
Members pay for their own travel and other related expenses. 
Tier I:  The President's Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN) 
60. The ACTPN consists of not more than 45 members who are broadly representative of the key 
economic sectors affected by trade.  The Preside nt appoints ACTPN members for four-year terms not 
to exceed the duration of the charter.  The ACTPN is the highest level committee in the system that 
examines U.S. trade policy and agreements from the broad context of the overall national interest.  
Members of ACTPN are appointed to represent a variety of interests including non-federal 
governments, labor, industry, agriculture, small busin ess, service industries, retailers, and consumer 
interests. 
Tier II:  The Policy Advisory Committees 
61. Members of the five policy advisory committees  are appointed by USTR or in conjunction 
with other Cabinet officers.  The Intergovernme ntal Policy Advisory Co mmittee (IGPAC) and the 
Trade Advisory Committee for Africa (TACA) are a ppointed and managed solely by USTR.  Those 
policy advisory committees managed jointly with the Departments of Agriculture, Labor, and the 
Environmental Protection Agency are, respectivel y, the Agricultural Policy Advisory Committee 
(APAC), Labor Advisory Committee for Trade Nego tiations and Trade Policy (LAC), and the Trade 
and Environment Policy Advisory Committee (TEP AC).  Each committee provides advice based upon 
the perspective of its specific area. 
Tier III:  The Technical and Sectoral Advisory Committees 
62. The 22 technical and sectoral advisory committees  are organized into two areas:  agriculture 
and industry.  Representatives are appointed jointl y by the USTR and the Secretaries of Agriculture 
and Commerce, respectively.  Each sectoral or technical committee represents a specific sector or commodity group and provides specific technical advice concerning the effect that trade policy decisions may have on its sector. 
63. USTR maintains consultative procedures between federal trade officials and state and local 
governments.  USTR informs the states, on an ongoing basis, of trade-related matters that directly United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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relate to, or that may have a direct effect on, th em.  U.S. territories may also participate in this 
process.  USTR also serves as a liaison point in th e Executive Branch for state and local government 
and federal agencies to transmit information to in terested state and local governments, and relay 
advice and information from the states on trade-re lated matters.  This is accomplished through a 
number of mechanisms. 
State Point of Contact System and IGPAC 
64. For day-to-day communications, pursuant to  the NAFTA and Uruguay Round implementing 
legislation and Statements of Administrative Acti on, USTR created a State Single Point of Contact 
(SPOC) system.  The Governor's office in each stat e designates a single contact point to disseminate 
information received from USTR to relevant state and local offices and assist in relaying specific 
information and advice from the states  to USTR on trade-related matters. 
65. The SPOC network ensures that state government s are promptly informed of Administration 
trade initiatives so their companies and workers may take full advantage of increased foreign market 
access and reduced trade barriers.  It also enables USTR to consult with states and localities directly 
on trade matters which may affect them.  SPOCs regularly receive USTR press releases, Federal 
Register Notices, and other pertinent information.   USTR convenes a regular monthly conference call 
for SPOCs and members of the Intergovernmental Po licy Advisory Committee to keep state and local 
governments apprised of timely trade developments of interest. 
66. IGPAC makes recommendations to USTR and the Administration on trade policy matters 
from the perspective of state and local governments.   In 2009, IGPAC was br iefed and consulted on 
trade priorities of interest to states and localiti es, including:  the WTO Doha Development Agenda 
with respect to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and other matters;  USTR's 
Small and Medium Sized Enterprises initiative;  enfo rcement issues;  the Buy America provisions of 
the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 200 9;  government procurement issues with Canada;  
the model Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) review ;  and other matters.  IGPAC members were also 
invited to participate in monthly teleconference ca ll briefings along with State Points of Contact.  
Specific issues of interest to IGPAC and SPOCs include new enforcement mechanisms for Technical 
Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosan itary (SPS) measures, the review of the model 
BITs, and foreign government challenges to state subsidies. 
Meetings of State and Local Associa tions and Local Chambers of Commerce 
67. USTR officials participate frequently in meeti ngs of state and local government associations 
and local chambers to apprise them of relevant trade policy issues and solicit their views.  For 
example, Ambassador Ron Kirk addressed a plenary meeting of the National Conference of State Legislatures in San Diego, California in fall 2009, and taped a video address to state legislators.  The 
Ambassador has met with individual governors, mayo rs, and state legislators to discuss trade issues of 
interest to states and localities, as well as hosti ng the Intergovernmental Policy Advisory Committee 
at USTR.  Ambassador Ron Kirk has also met w ith major local chambers of commerce to hear 
firsthand from local community officials and small businesses. 
(c) Consultations Regarding Specific Trade Issues 
68. USTR initiates consultations with particular states and localities on issues arising under the 
WTO and other U.S. trade agreements and frequently  responds to requests for information from state 
and local governments.  Topics of interest included the application of the WTO Government 
Procurement Agreement (GPA) a nd "buy American" provisions in the American Recovery and 
Reinvestment Act (ARRA), General Agreement on Trade in Services issues, the review of the model WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT), enforcement of trade agreements, NAFTA trucking issues, and 
consultations with individual states regardi ng specific antidumping and countervailing duty 
investigations. 
IV. TRADE POLICY DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 2008 
(1) WTO  AGREEMENTS AND INITIATIVES  
(i) The Doha Development Agenda 
69. Following a review of the Doha negotiations at the outset of this Administration, President 
Obama decided to support a different approach in order to revive the talks and gain a stronger 
outcome, since the past negotiating process had produ ced no final agreement at ministerial gatherings 
in 2006, 2007, and 2008.  The United States clearl y has indicated ways to advance the negotiations 
through a variety of mechanisms.  These include pu rsuing negotiations that open new markets and 
create new trade flows in agriculture, that focus on tariff liberalization in selected industrial goods 
sectors (e.g., chemicals, electronics, health care products, industrial machinery), and that focus on 
improved packages in services (providing new market  access in key infrastructure services sectors 
such as financial services, information and comm unications technology, distribution, energy and 
express delivery).  Meaningful progress on reducing no n-tariff barriers that inhibit U.S. exports is 
critical.  The United States has led the way w ith proposals on remanufactured goods, and in 
sector-specific areas such as the au tomotive sector and electronics.  The United States also remains a 
leader in advancing the Doha negotiations on tr ade facilitation aimed at reducing red tape and 
addressing other unwarranted customs barriers at th e border.  The United States continues to respond 
to the challenge and opportunity presented by th e Doha Round by making ambitious proposals to 
advance the negotiations (See Annex I) and by  working relentlessly to promote progress. 
70. The United States remains convinced that a Doha success can be achieved if all major 
economies are willing to come to the negotiating tabl e.  Recent U.S.-led innovations in the negotiating 
process have supplemented the broad-based multilateral negotiations with direct bilateral engagement 
among key Members.  The purpose is to achieve more  clarity and to bridge gaps – especially with 
regard to ensuring sufficient market access contribu tions by advanced developing countries.  In the 
Doha Round, the least developed countries are not being asked to make any commitments. 
71. The United States will continue to play a leader ship role and work with other WTO Members 
in various configurations in pursuit of a succes sful conclusion to the Doha Round that opens new 
markets and creates new trade flows.  The challenge  continues to be how to translate expressions of 
political will into concrete and specific details that  will enable WTO Members to complete the work 
begun with the launch of negotia tions at the Doha meeting. 
(ii) Implementation of Existing Agreements 
72. Since entry into force of the Uruguay Rou nd Agreements in 1995, a central theme of 
U.S. policy has been to undertake the effective and timely implemen tation of our WTO commitments.  
We believe it is not only important for American trade interests, but for the WTO system as a whole, 
to ensure that all Members meet their commitments.  The various manifestations of this policy range 
from active and constructive partic ipation in the deliberations of WTO committees to the use of the 
dispute settlement mechanism.  U.S. trade policy seeks to support and advance the rule of law. 
73. USTR coordinates the Administration's active monitoring of foreign government compliance 
with trade agreements to which the United St ates is a party and pursues enforcement actions, 
negotiating agreements, employing WTO and FTA in stitutional mechanisms, using dispute settlement United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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procedures, and applying the full range of U.S. tr ade laws when necessary.  Vigorous investigation 
efforts by relevant agencies help ensure that these agreements yield the maximum benefits in terms of 
ensuring market access for Americans, advancing the rule of law internationa lly, and creating a fair, 
open, and predictable trading environment.  Ensuri ng full implementation of U.S. trade agreements is 
one of the Administration's strategic priorities. 
74. To ensure the enforcement of WTO agreements, the United States has been one of the world's 
most frequent users of WTO dispute settlement pro cedures.  Since the establishment of the WTO in 
1994, the United States has filed 83 complaints at th e WTO, thus far successfully concluding 56 of 
them by settling 27 cases favorably and prevailing in 29 others through litigatio n before WTO panels 
and the Appellate Body.  The United States has obt ained favorable settlements and favorable rulings 
in virtually all sectors, including manufacturing, inte llectual property, agriculture, and services.  These 
cases cover a number of WTO agreements – involving rules on trade in goods , trade in services, and 
intellectual property protection – and affect a wide range of sectors of the U.S. economy. 
(2) REGIONAL INITIATIVES  
75. Like other Members of the WTO, the United Stat es has created an extensive series of bilateral 
and regional trade and investment agreements.  Last  year, we pledged to seek paths forward on three 
pending Free Trade Agreements, and to build on impor tant existing agreements to better achieve our 
goals of more jobs, higher growth, and the promoti on of our core values.  We seized the opportunities 
offered by current Free Trade Agreements and Tr ade and Investment Framework Agreements to 
discuss problems and launched new initiatives with a number of partners.  We promised a careful 
review of the North American Free Trade Agreem ent (NAFTA) and of the model text guiding our 
negotiators on Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). 
76. Bilateral relationships are crucial, but multi- faceted regional economic relationships are of 
major, and even growing, importance for the United States and for the world.  Regional and bilateral 
agreements that are fully consis tent with WTO rules and objectives can both support and expand trade 
liberalization in the multilateral trading system.  W ith this in mind, and in order to capture and 
multiply the benefits of an expanding global trad ing system, the United States continues to pursue 
greater commercial interaction, including in emerging markets. 
77. During the period of this review, after a caref ul analysis and extensive consultation with 
Congress and with stakeholders, the United States announced in December 2009 that it intends to 
enter into negotiations of a regional, Asia-Pac ific trade agreement, known as the Trans-Pacific 
Partnership (TPP) Agreement, with Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Chile , New Zealand, Peru, 
Singapore, and Vietnam.  The Administration believ es that the TPP is the best vehicle for achieving 
economic integration across the Asia-Pacific region and advancing U.S. economic interests with the 
most dynamic economies in the world.  Through this  initiative, the United Stat es seeks to begin with 
an initial group of like-minded countries that shar e a commitment to a high-standard, 21-st century 
agreement.  We also seek to expand the initia l group of TPP partners to additional countries 
throughout the Asia-Pacific region.  Two rounds of negotiations have been completed and the third 
negotiating round is scheduled for October in Br unei.  Five rounds are scheduled for 2011. 
78. Regional work also includes monitoring co mpliance with, and improving functioning of, 
current agreements and programs, including the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Dominican Republic-Central America-United 
States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), the Afri can Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), the 
Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA ), and the Andean Trade Promotion and Drug 
Eradication Act (ATPDEA or ATPA). WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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79. Without exception, the regional initiatives in wh ich the United States is involved look to the 
WTO as a solid foundation upon which to build.  These initiatives are carried out in recognition of the 
desirability of increasing freedom of trade by th e development, through voluntary agreements, of 
closer integration between the economies of the co untries party to such agreements, as long as the 
agreements do not result in increasing the external barri ers of the parties.  Such agreements challenge 
the multilateral system to keep pace with the intere sts and needs of Members, and contribute to the 
WTO system by introducing inno vation and strengthened disciplines.  These agreements can become 
models for future multilateral liberalization in new areas, such as agriculture , services, investment, 
intellectual property rights, and environmental and labor standards.  All in-force U.S. regional and 
bilateral free trade agreements have been notified to the WTO.  On May 27, 2009, the United States 
was granted waivers of its obligations under paragra ph 1 of Article I and paragr aphs 1 and 2 of Article 
XIII of the GATT 1994 to the extent necessary to pe rmit the United States Government to provide 
duty free treatment to eligible products under th e AGOA, CBERA and ATPA programs without being 
required to extend the same duty-free treatment to li ke products of any other Member.  The following 
regional initiatives are each examples of the poten tial for future liberalization in new areas. 
(i) North American Free Trade Agreement 
80. On January 1, 1994, the North American Fr ee Trade Agreement between the United States, 
Canada, and Mexico (NAFTA) entered into force.  All remaining duties and quantitative restrictions 
were eliminated, as scheduled, on January 1, 2008.   NAFTA created the world's largest free trade 
area, which now links 449 million people producing over $16 trillion worth of goods and services. 
81. Trade between the United States and its NAFTA partners has soared since the agreement 
entered into force.  U.S. two-way trade with Canada and Mexico exceeds U.S. trade with the 
European Union and Japan combined.  U.S. goods exports to NAFTA partne rs have more than 
doubled between 1993 and 2009, fro m $142 billion to $325 billion. 
82. By dismantling barriers, NAFTA has led to increased trade and investment, growth in 
employment, and enhanced competitiveness.  Fr om 1993 to 2008, cumulative foreign direct 
investment (stock) in the NAFTA countries has incr eased by over $2.3 trillion.  Increased investment 
has brought better-paying  jobs, as well as lower costs and more choices for consumers and producers. 
83. The NAFTA was also the first U.S. free trade ag reement to link free trade with obligations to 
protect labor rights and the environment.  In connection with the NAFTA, the United States and 
Mexico also agreed to fund a development bank to address environmental infrastructure needs along 
the U.S.-Mexico border. 
(ii) Central America and the Dominican Republic 
84. On August 5, 2004, the United States signed the Dominican Republic-Central 
America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) with five  Central American countries 
(Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua) and the Dominican Republic.  The 
CAFTA-DR is the first free trad e agreement between the United States and a group of smaller 
developing economies.  This agreement is creati ng new economic opportunities by eliminating tariffs, 
opening markets, reducing barriers to services, and pr omoting transparency.  It is facilitating trade and 
investment among the seven countries and furthering regional integration. 
85. Central America and the Dominican Republic repr esent the third largest U.S. export market in 
Latin America, behind Mexico and Brazil.  U.S. exports to the CAFTA-DR countries were valued at 
$19.5 billion in 2009.  Combined total two-way trad e in 2009 between the United States and Central 
America and the Dominican Republic was $37.9 billion. United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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86. The agreement entered into force for the United States and El Salvador, Guatemala, 
Honduras, and Nicaragua during 2006, for the Do minican Republic on March 1, 2007, and for 
Costa Rica on January 1, 2009.  With the addition of Costa Rica, the CAFTA-DR is in force for all 
seven countries that signed the  agreement. 
87. On August 15, 2008, the CAFTA-DR Parties implemented important changes to the 
agreement's textiles provisions, including changing the ru les of origin to ensure that pocket fabric in 
apparel is sourced from the United States or another CAFTA-DR Party.  The Parties also implemented a reciprocal textile input  sourcing rule with Mexico.  Under this rule, Mexico will 
provide duty-free treatment on certain apparel goods  produced in a Central American country or the 
Dominican Republic with U.S. input, and the United States will provide reciprocal duty-free treatment 
under the CAFTA-DR on certain apparel goods produ ced in a Central American country or the 
Dominican Republic with Mexican input.  These changes will further strengthen and integrate 
regional textile and apparel manuf acturing and create new economic opportunities in the United States 
and in the region. 
(iii) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum 
88. Since it was founded in 1989, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum has 
been instrumental in promoting regional and global trade and investment.  It has provided a forum for 
APEC Leaders to meet annually since 1993, beginning at Blake Island in the United States.  The United States will host APEC again in 2011. 
89. In 2008, the 21 APEC member economies collectively accounted for 44 per cent of world 
trade and 54 per cent of global GDP.  In 2009, U.S. -APEC total trade in goods was $1.6 trillion.  The 
significant growth in U.S. trade in the Asia-Paci fic region underscores the importance of the region as 
a market for U.S. exports and the significant role APEC continues to play in promoting trade and 
investment liberalization and facilitation in the region. 
90. The United States worked closely with other A PEC economies, in particular with Singapore 
and Japan, the APEC host economies in 2009 and 2010 r espectively, in pursuing an ambitious agenda 
to strengthen economic integrati on and facilitate trade in goods and services in the Asia-Pacific 
region. 
91. APEC Leaders and Ministers have provided str ong statements of support for an ambitious and 
balanced conclusion to the WTO Doha Round negotiati ons.  They have also stressed the importance 
of greater substantive engagement at all levels  utilizing all possible avenues, including direct 
engagement between WTO Members to  evaluate and close the remaining gaps.  Ministers have also 
reaffirmed their commitment to keep markets open and avoid all forms of protectionism, as well as their commitment to refrain from raising new barriers to trade and investment to the end of 2010 and 
beyond if necessary. 
(iv) The U.S.-ASEAN Trade and Investment Framework Arrangement 
92. The ten member countries of the Associati on of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) 
collectively rank as the United States' fifth largest tr ading partner and fourth largest export market.  
Although goods trade declined by 18 per cent in  2009 to $146 billion, it had grown steadily in 
previous years. 
93. The United States and ASEAN members conclude d a TIFA in August 2006 and since then 
have been working to build upon already strong tr ade and investment ties to further enhance their 
economic relationship as well as promote ASEAN regional economic integration.  In 2009, the WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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United States intensified its work under the TIFA , developing new proposals for joint work.  The 
United States and ASEAN agreed to proceed with work on bilateral agreemen ts on trade facilitation, 
dialogues on trade and environment and trade finan ce, and a government-business dialogue.  Work in 
these areas is already underway.  These new initiatives jo in the existing set of TIFA work plan items 
that include cooperation on standards and support for the ASEAN Single Window customs project. 
(v) Implementing Free Trade Agreements with  the Middle East and North Africa 
94. The United States continued efforts to implement and enforce the provisions of U.S. FTAs 
with Bahrain, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, and Oman , to ensure that U.S. businesses, farmers, and 
workers reap the benefits of these agreements.  Hi ghlights of FTA-focused activity in the Middle East 
and North Africa during 2009 included the entry into force of the United States-Oman FTA, and 
successful FTA Joint Committee mee tings with Israel, Jordan, Morocco, and Bahrain to address 
concerns and improve the functioning of each agreement.  Joint Committee meetings were 
supplemented by ongoing contact with partner go vernments to manage implementation issues.  
During 2009, USTR focused additional attention on th e implementation of the obligations in the labor 
and environment chapters of its  FTAs with regional partners. 
(vi) Managing and Deepening U.S.-EU Trade 
95. The U.S. economic relationship with the EU is the largest and most complex economic 
relationship in the world, with transatlantic trad e and investment flows (goods and services trade plus 
earnings/payments on investment) averaging approxima tely $3.2 billion in value each day.  This 
enormous volume of trade and investment promotes  economic prosperity both in the United States 
and Europe.  In 2009, the United States interacted  extensively with counterparts in the major EU 
governing institutions (the European Commission,  the European Parliament, and the European 
Council) and EU Member State governments on key issues for U.S. workers, farmers, and businesses, such as EU restrictions on U.S. agricultural expor ts, the protection of intellectual property rights 
(IPR), and the WTO Doha Round. 
96. Under the Transatlantic Economic Council ( TEC) umbrella, collaboration with the EU 
continued throughout 2009 on several initiatives and on a broad range of issues, including efforts to 
encourage regulatory best practices and informati on sharing on scientific, technical and related 
challenges, and to promote investment, IPR, innova tion, and emerging technologies.  The TEC met in 
October 2009 to review progress on these issues. 
(vii) African Growth and Opportunity Act 
97. For the last several years, the African Grow th and Opportunity Act (AGOA), enacted in 2000, 
has been at the center of U.S.-African engagement on trade and investment.  AGOA provides incentives to promote economic reform and trade expa nsion in eligible sub-Sa haran African countries, 
including duty-free access to the U.S. market for over 1800 products be yond those eligible under the 
Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) program .  The additional produc ts include value-added 
agricultural and manufactured goods such as pro cessed food products, apparel, and footwear.  
Thirty-eight sub-Saharan African countries are eligib le for AGOA in 2010.  Over 95 per cent of U.S. 
imports from these countries entered the United States duty-free in 2009.  Thanks in part to AGOA, 
the United States is sub-Saharan Africa's largest single-country market. 
98. AGOA requires the President to monitor, review, and report to Congress annually on the 
progress of sub-Saharan African countries in meeting the AGOA eligibility criteria set out in the 
legislation – including continual progress in estab lishing a market-based economy, rule of law, and 
protection of internationally recognized workers rights.  The U.S. Trade Representative makes United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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recommendations to the President based on an annua l country eligibility review that takes into 
account information drawn from U.S. Government agencies, the private sector, non-governmental 
organizations, and prospective be neficiary governments.  Following the 2009 review, on December 
23, 2009 President Obama added Mauritania to the list of AGOA-eligible countries for 2010 and 
terminated the AGOA eligibility of three other count ries– Guinea, Madagascar, and Niger – effective 
January 1, 2010. 
99. AGOA and related GSP imports from AGOA-eligib le countries were valued at $33.7 billion 
in 2009, down 49 per cent from 2008 largely due to the downturn in the global economy.  Petroleum products continued to account for the largest porti on of AGOA imports, with a 90 per cent share of 
overall AGOA/GSP imports.  In 2009, AGOA/ GSP non-oil imports from AGOA beneficiary 
countries fell 33 per cent to $3.4 billion.  Leading non- oil imports in 2009 included apparel, vehicles 
and parts, ferroalloys, citrus, chem icals, wine, nuts, and fruit juices. 
(viii) The Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act 
100. During 2009, the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA) remained a vital 
element in U.S. economic relations with its nei ghbors in Central America and the Caribbean.  The 
CBERA provides beneficiary countries and territo ries with duty-free access to the U.S. market.  
Current beneficiary countries are:  Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, 
British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, 
Panama, St.  Kitts and Nevis, St.  Lucia, St. Vi ncent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago. 
101. When the CAFTA-DR entered into force for each of its signatori es, those countries ceased to 
be designated as CBERA beneficiaries.  The CA FTA-DR entered into force for Costa Rica on 
January 1, 2009 and is now in force for all 7 countries. 
102. Since its inception, the CBERA has helped be neficiaries diversify their exports.  In 
conjunction with economic reform a nd trade liberalization by beneficiary countries, the trade benefits 
of the program have contributed to their economi c growth.  In December 2009, USTR submitted its 
biannual report to Congress on the operation of the CBERA.  The report can be found on the USTR 
website, http://www.ustr.gov/. 
(ix) HOPE II Act 
103. On October 16, 2009, the White House announced th at Haiti would continue to be eligible for 
the benefits of the Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity  through Partnership En couragement Act of 2008 
(HOPE II), which allows duty-free ac cess to the U.S. market for certain Haitian-made apparel and 
other articles, with the goals of fostering stabilit y and economic development in Haiti.  The President 
has certified to Congress that Haiti has met the ne cessary requirements to continue the duty-free 
treatment provided under HOPE II.  To receive th e benefits Haiti, in accordance with the 2008 
legislation established an independent labor om budsman's office and a program operated by the 
International Labor Organization (ILO) to assess co mpliance with core labor rights and Haiti's labor 
laws in the country's apparel factories.  Haiti also  required Haitian producers wish ing to be eligible for 
duty-free treatment under HOPE II to participate in the ILO program and developed a system to ensure such participation. 
104. The HOPE II Act was enacted in 2008 as a conti nuation and expansion of the original HOPE 
Act of 2006.  These programs acted as extensions of the benefits provided by the Caribbean Basin 
Initiative trade programs.  HOPE II provides for duty-free access for up to 70 million square meter 
equivalents (SME) of knit apparel (with some t-sh irt and sweatshirt exclusions) and 70 million SMEs 
of woven apparel without regard to  the country of origin of the fabric or components, as long as the WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
Page 24 
 
 
apparel is wholly assembled or knit-to-shape in Haiti.  HOPE II provides for duty-free treatment of 
knit or woven apparel under a "three for one" ear ned import allowance program:  for every three 
SMEs of qualifying fabric (sourced from the United St ates or certain trade partner countries) shipped 
to Haiti for production of apparel, qualifying appare l producers may export duty-free from Haiti or the 
Dominican Republic to the United States one SME of apparel wholly-formed or knit-to-shape in Haiti 
regardless of the source of the fabric.  HOPE II also provides for duty-free treatment for certain 
brassieres, luggage, headgear, and certain sleepwear.  HOPE II allows these Haitian goods to enter the 
United States duty-free if shipped either direc tly from Haiti or through the Dominican Republic. 
105. On January 12, 2010, Haiti experienced a dev astating earthquake.  Generating jobs through 
exports will be one of the keys to Haiti's r ecovery.  Textiles and apparel have represented 
approximately 90 per cent of Haiti's exports to the Unite d States;  thus, recovery in this sector will be 
critical to Haiti's long term economic prospects.  On February 16, 2010, Ambassador Ron Kirk 
announced a new initiative called the Plus One for Ha iti program, in which U.S. brands and retailers 
work toward sourcing one per cent of their total apparel production from Haiti.  To further support 
Haiti's recovery and development, the Administ ration supported Congressional efforts to increase 
Haiti's HOPE II benefits.  On May 24, 2010, the President signed into law H.R. 5160, the 
"Haiti Economic Lift Program Act of 2010," which e xpanded and extended trade benefits available to 
Haiti, increasing the availability of preferential ac cess to the U.S. market for certain Haitian-made 
apparel and other articles. 
(x) Andean Trade Preference Act 
106. The Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA) wa s enacted in 1991 to promote broad-based 
economic development, diversify exports, and co mbat drug trafficking by providing sustainable 
economic alternatives to drug-crop production in Boli via, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.  In 2002, the 
Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradicati on Act (ATPDEA) amended the ATPA to provide 
duty-free treatment for a number of products previous ly excluded under the original ATPA program.  
The most significant expansion of benefits was in the apparel sector. 
107. On April 30, 2009, pursuant to section 203(f) of the ATPA, as amended, USTR transmitted its 
Fourth Report to Congress on the Operation of the Andean Trade Preference Act as Amended.  The 
report described the main features of the program, analyzed trade trends and outlined the countries' 
performance related to the program's eligibility criteria. 
108. On June 30, 2009, the Obama Administration submitted to the U.S. Congress the 
Determinations and Report of the President Concer ning the Review of Ecuador and Bolivia Under the 
Andean Trade Preference Act, As Amended.  The report identified some concerns regarding 
Ecuador's performance under the criteria that th e President indicated the Administration would 
monitor.  Under the statute, products of Bolivia we re to remain in the program only if the President 
determined that Bolivia had satisfied ATPA/ATPDEA eligibility requirements.  In his June 30, 2009 
report to Congress, the President did not find that  Bolivia was meeting the eligibility criteria.  The 
President directed the Administration to work with  the government of Bolivia to improve cooperation 
with respect to our common objective of comba ting the production, of and trafficking in, illicit 
narcotics, and if cooperation improves, to work with  Congress to restore benefits to Bolivia under the 
ATPA program.  In December 2009, Congress ex tended the program through 2010 for Colombia, 
Ecuador, and Peru. United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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(3) BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS (FTA S) 
109. The Administration continues to believe that proper resolution of outstanding issues and 
subsequent implementation of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with Panama, Colombia and Korea can bring significant economic and strategic benefits.  Ho wever, there have been questions raised in the 
United States about some issues related to these pe nding pacts.  Rather than brush these questions 
aside, we conducted extensive consultations with  Congress, stakeholders, and the public on the 
pending Agreements, including a Federal Register Notice on Colombia and Korea to more precisely 
identify issues.  With respect to Korea, President Obama announced in June that he was launching an 
initiative to complete the U.S.-Korea FTA.  In Ju ly he announced his commitment to moving forward 
with the U.S.-Colombia and U.S.-Panama FTAs as soon as possible. (See Section I, Trade 
Expansion.) 
The United States-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement 
110. The United States-Bahrain FTA entered into fo rce on August 1, 2006.  It generates export 
opportunities for the United States, creates jobs for U.S. farmers and workers, supports Bahrain's economic and political reforms, and enhances U.S. co mmercial relations with an economic leader in 
the Arabian Gulf.  On the first day the agreemen t took effect, 100 per cent of the two-way trade in 
industrial and consumer products began to flow without tariffs. 
111. The central oversight body for the Agreement is the United States-Bahrain Joint Committee 
(JC), chaired jointly by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and Bahrain's Ministry of Industry and Commerce.  The second meeting of the JC was held on October 21, 2009.  During this meeting 
officials discussed a broad range of trade issues.  In  particular, they discussed the considerable efforts 
during 2009 by both governments to ensure effec tive implementation of ke y customs-related aspects 
of the FTA, including through targeted technical assistance to Bahrain's customs authorities, as well 
as trade initiatives by the Gulf Cooperation Council, of which Bahrain is a member.  Officials also signed a Protocol regarding changes to Annex 3- A of the Agreement related to the Harmonized 
Commodity Description and Coding System.  In addition, the two governments discussed initiatives 
to monitor implementation and compliance with the labor and environmental obligations in the FTA 
and additional cooperative effort s related to labor rights and environmental protection. 
112. The U.S.-Bahrain FTA also promotes the policy of advancing economic reforms and 
liberalization in the Middle East.  The United States-Bahrain Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT), which took effect in May 2001, covers investment issues between the two countries. 
United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement 
113. The United States-Chile FTA entered into force on January 1, 2004.  The United States-Chile 
FTA eliminates tariffs and opens markets, reduces barriers for trade in services, provides protection 
for intellectual property, ensures regulatory transp arency, guarantees non-discrimination in the trade 
of digital products, commits the Parties to main tain competition laws that prohibit anticompetitive 
business conduct, and requires effective labor and envi ronmental enforcement.  In 2009, U.S. exports 
to Chile decreased by 26 per cent to $8.8 billi on, while U.S. imports from Chile decreased by 
29 per cent to $5.8 billion. 
United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement 
114. The United States-Singapore FTA has been in fo rce since January 1, 2004.  U.S. two-way 
goods trade totalled $37 billion in 2009, up 17 pe r cent from 2003 (the year before the FTA's entry WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
Page 26 
 
 
into force).  U.S. goods exports were $21.6 billio n, up 31 per cent from 2003, and U.S. goods imports 
were $15.4 billion, up 2 per cent from 2003. 
115. The United States and Singapore held the fi fth annual FTA review in December 2009 to 
assess implementation of the agreement.  During the review, the two governments discussed a range 
of issues covered by the FTA, including trade in  textiles and apparel, telecommunications, and 
protection of intellectual property rights. 
116. They also discussed the implementation of the environment chapter and environmental 
cooperation efforts.  The United States and Singapo re agreed to continue exchanging information on 
each country's implementation efforts and how to  improve monitoring of compliance with the 
obligations of the environment chapter. 
117. The FTA review also provided an opportunity for labor officials from both governments to 
discuss labor issues and potential areas for labor coope ration.  As a result, Singapore's Ministry of 
Labor has expressed an interest in studying th e United States' system for mediating collective 
bargaining disputes and improving  labor-management relations. 
United States-Jordan Free Trade Agreement 
118. In 2009, the United States and Jordan conti nued to benefit from their extensive economic 
partnership.  A key element of this relationship is the United States-Jordan FTA, which was fully 
implemented on January 1, 2010.  In addition, the Qualifying Industrial Zones (QIZs), established by Congress in 1996, allow products to enter the United States duty-free if manufactured in Israel, Jordan, Egypt, or the West Bank and Gaza.  Th e United States-Jordan FTA has expanded the trade 
relationship by reducing barriers for services, pr oviding cutting-edge protection for intellectual 
property, ensuring regulatory transparency, an d requiring effective la bor and environmental 
enforcement.  Together these measures have pl ayed a significant role in boosting overall 
United States-Jordanian economic ties.  U.S. goods  exports were $1.2 billion in 2009, up 27 per cent 
from 2008.  QIZ products still account for more than ha lf of Jordanian exports to the United States, 
but the QIZ share is declining relative to total pr oducts shipped under the FTA.  This shift toward 
exporting products manufactured outsi de of the QIZs demonstrates the increasingly important role the 
FTA plays in helping Jordan diversify its economy. 
United States-Israel Free Trade Agreement 
119. This year, 2010, marks the twenty-fifth annive rsary of the United States-Israel FTA, which 
was the first FTA entered into by the United Stat es.  This agreement continues to serve as the 
foundation for expanding trade and investment be tween the United States and Israel by reducing 
barriers and promoting regulatory transparency.  In 2009 (reflecting in part the global economic 
downturn), U.S. goods exports to Israel declined by 36 per cent to $9.3 billion, while U.S. imports 
from Israel decreased 18 per cent to $18.3 billion. 
120. Recognizing in the 1990s that the FTA had not ser ved to liberalize some aspects of bilateral 
agriculture trade, the United States and Israel c oncluded an Agreement Concerning Certain Aspects of 
Trade in Agricultural Products (ATAP), which provid ed for duty-free or other preferential treatment 
of certain agricultural products.  The 1996 ag reement was extended through 2003, and a new 
agreement was concluded in 2004.  In December 2009,  the two sides agreed to extend that agreement 
for a second time, through December 31, 2010.  The U.S.-Israel Working Group on Agriculture 
agreed to meet in early 2010 to continue  negotiations of a successor to the 2004 ATAP. 
 United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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United States-Australia Free Trade Agreement 
121. The United States-Australia FTA entered into fo rce on January 1, 2005.  U.S. two-way trade 
with Australia was $26.7 billion in 2009, up 23 per cent from 2004.  U.S. goods exports were 
$18.9 billion in 2009, up 33 per cent from 2004, and U.S. goods imports were $7.8 billion, up 
3.5 per cent from 2004. 
122. Agricultural trade between the United States and Australia continued to grow in 2009.  The 
FTA established working groups aimed at promoting closer cooperation between the two countries in 
this sector and creating fora for discussing agricu ltural and sanitary and phytosanitary issues.  The 
working groups met in August 2009 to address specific bilateral animal and plant health matters with 
a view to facilitating agricultural trade. 
123. In October 2009, the United States and Austra lia completed the fourth annual FTA review.  
The two sides reviewed implementation of the agre ement and exchanged views on a range of issues 
under the FTA, including trade in agriculture produc ts, sanitary and phytosanitary issues, government 
procurement, and protecti on of intellectual property rights.  They also discussed each government's 
implementation of the obligations contained in th e environment chapter of the FTA and exchanged 
views on how to improve communication on trade and environment issues, including possible 
collaboration.  The FTA review also provided an op portunity to further a discussion of labor issues 
and potential areas for labor cooperation. 
United States-Morocco Free Trade Agreement 
124. The United States and Morocco signed an FTA on June 15, 2004.  Since the entry into force 
of the FTA on January 1, 2006, the U.S. goods trade surplus with Morocco has risen to $1.2 billion in 
2009, up from $79 million in 2005 (the year prior to  entry into force).  Morocco is now the 62nd 
largest export market for U.S. goods. 
125. The Joint Committee established by the FTA he ld its second meeting in November 2009.  
U.S. and Moroccan experts discussed FTA im plementation issues including Morocco's 
implementation of its tariff-rate quotas for wheat.  The Joint Committee also discussed regulatory 
matters relating to Moroccan exports of vegeta bles and Morocco's chocolate standard.  The 
Subcommittees on Agricultural Trade and Sanita ry and Phytosanitary Matters met in 2009 and 
discussed concrete steps to monitor implemen tation of, and compliance with, the labor and 
environment chapters of the FTA.  Both countries ag reed to hold a number of discussions in the next 
few months between trade and environment expe rts and held a Labor Subcommittee meeting in 
May 2010.  Morocco and the United States continued to  work together to advance negotiations for an 
Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), an ag reement intended to raise the standard for 
intellectual property rights enforcement internationally. 
United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement 
126. The United States and Peru signed the United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement 
(PTPA) on April 12, 2006.  The Peruvian Congr ess ratified the Agreement in June 2006 and a 
Protocol of Amendment in June 2007.  On December 14, 2007, the United States-Peru Trade 
Promotion Agreement Implementation Act became  law, and the PTPA entered into force on 
February 1, 2009. 
127. The United States' two-way trade with Peru was $8.8 billion in 2009, with U.S. goods exports 
to Peru at $4.8 billion. WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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128. The PTPA eliminates tariffs and removes barri ers to U.S. services, provides a secure, 
predictable legal framework for investors, and strengthens protection for intellectual property, 
workers, and the environment.  The PTPA is th e first agreement in force that incorporates 
groundbreaking provisions concerning the protection of  the environment and labor rights that were 
included as part of the Bipartisan Agreement on Trade Policy developed by Congressional leaders on 
May 10, 2007. 
United States-Oman Free Trade Agreement 
129. The United States-Oman FTA, which entered into force on January 1, 2009, builds on 
existing FTAs to promote economic reform and openness.  Implementation of the obligations 
contained in the comprehensive agreement will generate export opportunities for U.S. goods and 
services providers, solidify Oman's trade and investment liberalization, and strengthen intellectual property rights protection and enforcement. 
130. The first meeting of the FTA Joint Committee (JC), chaired jointly by the Office of the 
U.S. Trade Representative and Oman's Ministry of Commerce and Industry, took place in February 2010.  Officials of the two governments discussed a broad range of trade issues, including 
implementation of Oman's obligations under the labor and environment chapters and cooperative 
efforts in those areas. 
V. TRADE-RELATED CAPACITY BUILDING INITIATIVES 
131. The Obama Administration is building a global de velopment policy to guide the efforts of the 
U.S. Government to ensure that U.S. developmen t policies support and reinforce other U.S. foreign 
policy and international economic policy goals .  The Administration believes a deliberate 
development policy with effective implementation will increase results on the ground in developing 
countries, thereby improving lives and livelihoods around the globe. 
132. The United States believes that trade policy a nd development assistance work together to 
alleviate poverty and improve opportunities.  Accordi ngly, U.S. aid for trade programs are focused on 
providing to countries, particularly the least trade-active, the training and technical assistance needed 
to make decisions about the benefits of trade arrangements and reforms and to implement their 
obligations to bring certainty to their trade regim es, and to enhance such countries' abilities to take 
advantage of the opportunities of the multilateral trad ing system and to compete in a global economy.  
Therefore, U.S. assistance addresses a broad range of issues so that rural areas and small businesses, 
including those of women entrepreneurs, benefit fro m ambitious reforms in trade rules that are being 
negotiated in the World Trade Organizati on (WTO) and in other trade agreements. 
133. An important element of this work involv es coordination of technical assistance activities 
among international institutions in order to identify and take advantage of donor complementarities in 
programming and to avoid duplication.  Such ins titutions include the WTO, the World Bank, the 
International Monetary Fund (IMF), the regiona l development banks, and other donors.  The 
United States works in partnership with these ins titutions and with other donors to ensure that 
international financial institutions  offer trade-related assistance as an integral component of 
development programs tailored to the circum stances within each developing country. 
134. The United States' efforts build on its long-stan ding commitment to help partner countries 
benefit from the opportunities provided by the global trading system, both through bilateral U.S. assistance and through U.S. support for multilateral institutions.  U.S. bilateral assistance includes 
programs such as targeted assistance for devel oping countries participating in U.S. preference 
programs (e.g., the $200 million African Global Competitiveness Initiative helping sub-Saharan United States WT/TPR/G/235 
 Page 29 
 
 
African countries benefit from AGOA);  coordinati on of assistance through Trade and Investment 
Framework Agreements (TIFAs);  Trade Capacity Building (TCB) working groups that are integral 
elements of negotiations to conclude Free Tr ade Agreements (FTAs);  and Committees on TCB 
created to aid in the implementation of a number of FTAs, including the FTAs with the 
Dominican Republic and Central America, and Pe ru.  Bilateral assistance also helps developing 
countries to work with the private sector and non-g overnmental organizations to transition to a more 
open economy, to prepare for WTO negotiations, and to implement their trade obligations.  
Multilaterally, the United States has supported and w ill continue to support trade-specific assistance 
mechanisms like the Enhanced Integrated Fr amework for Trade-Related Assistance to 
Least-developed Countries (EIF) and the WTO's Global Trust Fund for Trade-Related Technical 
Assistance. 
(1) MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE CORPORATION  
135. The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) is a U.S. government foreign assistance 
agency and one of the largest sources of bilateral T CB assistance for eligible countries.  Established in 
2004, MCC works with developing countries comm itted to good governance, economic freedom, and 
investments in their citizens.  MCC provides these well-performing countries with large scale grants 
to fund country-led solutions for reducing povert y through sustainable economic growth.  By giving 
eligible countries the opportunity to identify their own priorities and to develop their own proposals 
for reducing poverty and spurring economic growth , the MCC enables countries to address long-term 
development obstacles, including in the area of trade.   The U.S. Trade Representative is a member of 
the MCC's Board of Directors. 
136. The primary vehicle for delivering MCC assistance is through a "compact," a multi-year 
agreement between the MCC and an eligible countr y to fund specific programs targeted at reducing 
poverty and stimulating economic growth.  To pr ovide further incentive for reform and help 
additional countries qualify for compacts, the MCC provides "threshold" assistance to countries that 
fall just short of compact eligibility to help them address specific areas of policy weakness.  The MCC 
is engaged with a total of 38 countries and has en tered into 20 compacts and 20 threshold agreements 
totalling more than $7.5 billion in assistance, of whic h more than $4.2 billion is trade-related.  An 
additional six compacts are under development.  In December 2009, the MCC Board of Directors invited Cape Verde to be the first country to begin the process of developing a second compact. 
(2) T
HE ENHANCED INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK  
137. The Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) is a multi-organization, multi-donor program that 
operates as a coordination mechanism for trade-relate d assistance to least developed countries (LDCs) 
with the overall objective of integrating trade into na tional development plans.  The EIF is exclusively 
for LDCs, with the goal of getting the least trade- active more involved.  Of the 49 LDCs, 47 have 
joined the EIF. 
138. The United States supports the EIF primarily th rough complementary bilateral assistance to 
EIF participating countries.  The United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) 
bilateral assistance to LDC participants supports initiatives both to integrate trade into national 
economic and development strategies and to address high priority capacity building needs designed to 
accelerate integration into the global trading system. 
(3) WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION -RELATED U.S. T RADE -RELATED ASSISTANCE  
139. International trade can play a major role in  the promotion of economic growth and the 
alleviation of poverty.  The WTO's Doha Development Agenda (DDA) recognizes that TCB can WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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facilitate more effective integrati on of developing countries into the international trading system and 
enable them to benefit further from global trade.  The United States provides leadership in promoting 
trade and economic growth in developing countri es through comprehensive TCB programs.  The 
United States also directly supports the WTO's trade-related technical assistance. 
(a) Global Trust Fund 
140. The United States supports the trade-related assistance activities of the WTO Secretariat 
through contributions to the Doha Development Agenda Global Trust Fund.   With an additional 
contribution of more than $1 million in 2010, total U. S. contributions to the WTO have amounted to 
nearly $10 million since the launch of DDA negotiations. 
(b) Aid for Trade 
141. The WTO's 2005 Hong Kong Declaration created a new WTO framework in which to discuss 
and prioritize aid for trade.  In 2006, this framewo rk created an Aid for Trade Task Force to make 
operational aid for trade efforts and offer recommendations as to how to improve the efficacy and efficiency of these efforts among WTO Members and other international organizations.  The United States continues to be an active partner in the aid for trade discussion.  For additional 
information on Aid for Trade and its components, visit USTR's Aid for Trade webpage at:  
http://www.ustr.gov/trade-topics/trade-devel opment/trade-capacity-building/aid-trade. 
(c) WTO and Trade Facilitation 
142. The United States has provided substantial assist ance over the years in the areas of customs 
and trade facilitation.  More recently, U.S. support for work in trade and development corridors in 
Africa, including through the Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative, is increasing.  Through this 
assistance, the United States has supported the WT O Doha discussions by providing assistance to 
developing countries that seek help in responding to the regulatory proposals made by members in the 
Negotiating Group on Trade Facilitation. 
(d) WTO Accession 
143. The United States provides technical support to countries that are in the process of acceding 
to the WTO.  In 2009, WTO accession support was pr ovided to Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and 
Herzegovina, Ethiopia, Iraq, Kazakhs tan, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Mont enegro, Serbia, Tajikistan, and 
Yemen. 
(4) TCB
 INITIATIVES FOR AFRICA  
144. The United States has aggressively funded progr ams and developed several new initiatives at 
multilateral and bilateral levels to  address the specific needs of sub-Saharan African countries with 
respect to reducing poverty and spurring economic gr owth.  The United States has invested more than 
$3.3 billion in trade-related projects in sub-Saharan Africa since 2001. 
(a) African Global Competitiveness Initiative 
145. The centerpiece of U.S. support for building trade capacity in Africa for the last five years has 
been the $200 million African Global Competitiven ess Initiative (AGCI).  The primary focus of 
AGCI is helping to expand African trade and i nvestment with the United States, with other 
international trading partners, and regionally w ithin Africa through improving the competitiveness of 
sub-Saharan African enterprises.  AGCI's objectiv es are to:  (1) improve the business climate for United States WT/TPR/G/235 
 Page 31 
 
 
private sector-led trade and investment;  (2) stre ngthen the knowledge a nd skills of sub-Saharan 
African private sector enterprises to take advant age of market opportunities;  (3) increase access to 
financial services for trade and investment;  and (4) facilitate investments in infrastructure. 
146. One major focus of AGCI programs is to help African countries make the most of the trade 
opportunities available under the AGOA prefer ence program.  AGCI supports AGOA through 
programs carried out by four USAID-funded Re gional Hubs for Global Competitiveness – in 
Botswana, Kenya, Ghana, and Senegal – as well as through programs carried out by USAID bilateral 
missions. 
147. In 2009, the Hubs facilitated over $71 million in transactions in the textile and apparel, 
specialty food, cut flowers, and other product cat egories, mostly through new trade deals under 
AGOA.  These results also reflect U.S. Government efforts to promote and facilitate the participation 
of African exporters at major international trad e shows.  Under an agreement with USAID, USDA 
addresses sanitary and phytosanitary issues under AGCI , specifically in the areas of food safety and 
plant and animal health.  Additionally, the U. S. Department of Commerce's Commercial Law 
Development Program is working to improve protection of intellectual property rights. 
(b) Assistance to West African Cotton Producers 
148. Since 2005, the United States has mobilized its development agencies to help five 
West African countries—Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad , Mali, and Senegal—address obstacles they face 
in the cotton sector.  The MCC, USAID, USDA , and the United States Trade and Development 
Agency continued to work with these nations as  they sought to devel op a coherent long-term 
development strategy to improve prospects in the cotton sector.  Elements of such a strategy include 
improved productivity, domestic reforms, and other key issues.  The United States will continue to 
coordinate with the WTO, World Bank, the African  Development Bank, and others as part of the 
multilateral effort to address the development aspects of cotton.  This includes active participation in 
the WTO Secretariat's periodic meetings with  donors and recipient countries to discuss the 
development and reform aspects of cotton. 
149. The primary mechanism for U.S. assistance to th e cotton sector in West Africa is USAID's 
West Africa Cotton Improvement Program (WACIP).  The program is aimed at helping to improve 
the production and marketing of cotton in Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, and Senegal.  The 
WACIP is designed to help achieve the following obj ectives:  (1) reduce soil degradation and expand 
the use of good agricultural practices;  (2) strengthe n private agricultural organizations;  (3) establish 
a West African regional training program for ginners ;  (4) improve the quality of West African cotton 
through better classification of seed cotton and lint;  (5) improve linkages between U.S. and 
West African research organizations involved with cotton;  (6) improve the enabling environment for 
agricultural biotechnology;  and (7) assist with policy/institutional reform. 
150. A key element of the WACIP program is the identification of specific policy priorities 
through National Advisory Committees.  Comp osed of stakeholders in each country, these 
committees undertook work to identify the specific pr ojects that would yield the assistance and results 
sought by participants and these projects have been the basis of WACIP's work. 
151. The U.S. Government also provides complement ary support to the cotton sector through other 
programs.  MCC is implementing compacts with Be nin ($307 million), Burk ina Faso ($481 million), 
and Mali ($460 million).  In September 2009, the M CC signed a $540 million compact with Senegal.  
The program will promote economic growth in the rural agriculture sector. WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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(5) FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (FTA)  NEGOTIATIONS  
152. Although the WTO programs and the EIF are high priorities, they are only part of the 
U.S. TCB effort.  In order to help U.S. FTA partners participate in  negotiations, implement 
commitments, and benefit over the long-term, USTR  has created TCB working groups in free trade 
negotiations with developing countries and Comm ittees on TCB to prioritize and coordinate TCB 
activities during the transition and implementation pe riods once an FTA enters into force.  USAID 
and USDA, their field missions, and a number of other U.S. Government assistance providers actively participate in these working groups and committees so that the TCB needs id entified can be quickly 
and efficiently incorporated into ongoing regiona l and country assistance programs.  The Committees 
on TCB also invite non-government organizations , representatives from the private sector, and 
international institutions to join in building the tr ade capacity of the countries in each region.  Trade 
capacity building is a fundamental feature of bila teral cooperation in support of the CAFTA-DR and 
the United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreemen t, as well as the FTAs signed with Colombia and 
Panama.  USTR also works closely with the U.S. De partment of State and other agencies to track and 
guide the delivery of TCB assistance to  Jordan, Morocco, Bahrain, and Oman. 
VI. TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT 
153. The Administration has enhanced work on e nvironment and trade matters across multiple 
fronts, including through multilateral, regional, an d bilateral trade initiatives.  On the multilateral 
front, the United States has continued to be a global leader in seeking to discipline harmful fisheries 
subsidies and to eliminate barriers to trade in environmental technologies and services, including 
clean energy technologies, through the WTO as part of the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) 
negotiations.  During 2009, the Administration incr eased focus on implementation efforts for the free 
trade agreements currently in force.  Additionally, the Administration has broken new ground in actively engaging our trading partners to address ille gal logging and associated trade and to identify 
the potential for a positive agenda in areas where in ternational trade policy and efforts to address 
global climate change overlap.  In keeping with  the increased integration of environmental 
considerations across multiple multilateral, regiona l, and bilateral fronts, this report includes a 
detailed assessment of recent devel opments on trade and environment in specific sections devoted to 
these various fora. 
VII. TRADE AND LABOR 
154. The Administration's trade policy agenda in cludes a strong commitment to ensuring that 
workers and their families in the United States and around the world benefit from trade.  The 
Administration has enhanced engagement with tr ade partners on addressing respect for labor rights 
and has increased monitoring and enforcement of free trade agreement labor provisions.  The 
Administration also has increased monitoring of ad herence to the worker rights provisions in U.S. 
trade preference programs and dialogue on labor rights with key trading partners. 
VIII.  CONCLUSION 
155. U.S. trade policy is focused on the largest opportunities for increasing American exports and 
jobs, on opening markets and boosting innovation, and is based on the principles of a rules-based 
global trading system.  The Obama Administration be lieves that this can contribute powerfully to the 
President's economic agenda for America.  The U. S. Government's goal is to achieve sustainable 
economic growth that brings the benefits of tr ade to our citizens while also advancing global 
recovery.  This will be done cons istently with our goals for the rights of workers, environmental 
sustainability, and political accountability. United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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156. Trade liberalization continues to be at the forefr ont of the U.S. international economic policy.  
The powerful and positive impact of the multilateral tr ading system over the past half century cannot 
be overstated.  The Doha Develo pment Agenda of the WTO continues to hold the greatest potential 
for catalyzing global economic growth through further trade liberalization.  As has always been true 
of the GATT/WTO, the extent of liberalization – and to a large degree the distribution of the benefits 
of that liberalization – depends on the participation by each Member of the WTO.  The United States will continue to work towards an ambitious a nd balanced conclusion to  the Doha Development 
Agenda in order to generate the new trade flow s needed to create economic growth, reduce poverty 
and raise living standards across the globe.  Expandi ng market access in the three key sectors of the 
international economy:  industria l and consumer goods, agricultural products, and services will yield 
the greatest impact on trade flows, thereby reduc ing poverty and raising living standards.  An 
ambitious result in market access will be  the greatest legacy of our DDA work. 
157. The United States will seek to complete pending fr ee trade agreements to further foster trade 
and economic growth, and to serve as a catalyst fo r multilateral liberalization.  In addition, the 
United States will continue to encourage increased  trade with many developing countries through our 
preferential trade measures, such as the Generalized System of Preferences, the African Growth and 
Opportunity Act, the Andean Trade Promotion a nd Drug Eradication Act, and the Caribbean Basin 
Economic Recovery Act.  The United States will al so continue its commitment to increasing trade 
capacity in developing countries. 
158. By undertaking these various elements – forg ing global, regional, and bilateral trade 
agreements;  encouraging developing countries' multilateral integration;  building support for open 
trade;  encouraging sustainable development and core labor standards;  and fostering greater transparency – the United States will continue to play  its traditional leadership role in promoting trade 
liberalization and developing a trading system of benefit to all. 
159. The Administration is convinced that, in the y ears ahead, the United States must continue to 
lead international efforts to open markets and increase economic integration – and continue the 
economic policies of the last six decades which have produced the most diverse, innovative, 
productive, open and prosperous ec onomy in history.  The pursuit of these policies – embraced by 
Republican and Democratic Administrations and Congresses alike – has created a strong foundation 
on which to build prosperity and freedom for future generations. 
160. With improved growth performance in the global economy, the future expansion and 
prosperity of U.S. manufacturers, service providers , workers and farmers will be strongly influenced 
by the degree to which they have access to the 95 per cent of the world's consumers who reside 
outside the U.S. borders.  A trade policy focused  on the largest opportunities for increasing American 
exports and jobs, on opening ma rkets and boosting innovation, and based on the principles of a 
rules-based global trading system can contribute po werfully to the President's economic agenda for 
the United States.  Our goal, therefore, is sustaina ble economic growth that brings home the benefits 
of trade – including well-paying jobs – while also ad vancing global recovery.  This Administration is 
committed to the hard work necessary to harness U. S. trade policy as an engine of growth and 
prosperity for the United States and for the world. 
 WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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 ANNEX I  
 
U.S. SUBMISSIONS TO THE WTO IN SUPPORT 
OF THE DOHA DEVELOPMENT AGENDA 
(WTO document symbol in parentheses)  
Committee on Agriculture, Special Session 
Export Competition, Market Access a nd Domestic Support (JOB(02)/122) 
Joint EC-U.S. Paper on Agriculture (JOB(03)/157) Proposal for Tariff Rate Quota Reform (G/AG/NG/W/58) 
Proposal for Comprehensive Long-Term Agri cultural Trade Reform (G/AG/NG/W/15) 
Note on Domestic Support Reform (G/AG/NG/W/16) Tariff Quota Administration (JOB(06)/188) Domestic Support Simulations – Simulations (JOB(06)/186) Tariff Quota Administration – Communication by the United States (JOB(06)/184) Comments on Food Aid (JOB(06)/183) 
Agriculture Domestic Support Simula tions – Simulations (JOB(06)/151) 
Applied Tariff Simulations – Agriculture - Summary of Results (JOB(06)/152) United States Communication on Special Products (JOB(06)/137) United States Communication on Export Credits, Ex port Credit Guarantees or Insurance Programs 
(JOB(06)/119) 
United States Communication on State Trad ing Export Enterprises (JOB(06)/79) 
United States Communication on Domestic Support – Annex 2 – Domestic Support:  The Basis for 
Exemption from the Reduction Commitments (JOB(06)/80) United States' Communication on Food Aid (JOB(06)/78) Market Access Simulations – Simulations (JOB(06)/63) 
U.S. Communication on U.S. Product-Specific Blue Box Limits (JOB(08)/10) 
Elements of Special Products Modalities – Commu nication from Australia, Canada, Costa Rica, 
Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Thaila nd, United States and Uruguay (JOB(08)/24) 
Agriculture Templates – An Approach and Initia l Thoughts on Base Data and Base Data Templates 
(JOB(09)/104) Agriculture Templates – Domestic Support Base Data Templates (JOB(09)/115) 
Agriculture Templates - Market Access Base Data Templates (JOB(09)/125) 
Agriculture Templates – Market Access Doha Development Agenda (DDA) Tariff Rate Quotas (TRQs) Template (JOB(09)/172)  
Council on Trade in Services, Special Session 
Framework for Negotiation (S/CSS/W/4) 
Proposals for Negotiation (JOB(00)/8376) Accounting Services (S/CSS/W/20) Audiovisual and Related Services (S/CSS/W/21) Distribution Services (S/CSS/W/22) Higher (Tertiary) Education, Adult Education and Training (S/CSS/W/23) 
Energy Services (S/CSS/W/24) 
Environmental Services (S/CSS/W/25) Express Delivery Services (S/CSS/W/26) Financial Services (S/CSS/W/27) Legal Services (S/CSS/W/28) United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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 Movement of Natural Persons (S/CSS/W/29) 
Market Access in Telecommunications and Complementary Services (S/CSS/W/30) 
Tourism and Hotels (S/CSS/W/31) Transparency in Domestic Regulation (S/CSS/W/102) 
Advertising and Related Services (S/CSS/W/100) 
Desirability of a Safeguard Mechan ism for Services:  Promoting Liberalization of Trade in Services 
(S/WPGR/W/37) Modalities for the Special Treatment For Least-Dev eloped Country Members in the Negotiations on 
Trade In Services – JOB(03)/133 
U.S. Government Points of Contact in Least-Developed Country Members (JOB (03)/33) 
Proposed Guide for Scheduling Commitments on Energy Services in the WTO (JOB(03)/89) 
Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (TN/S/W/5) Initial Offer (TN/S/O/USA) An Assessment of Services Trade and Liberaliza tion in the United States and Developing Economies 
(TN/S/W/12) 
Joint Statement on Market Access in Services (JOB(04)/176) 
U.S. Proposal for Transparency  Disciplines in Domestic Regulation:  Building on Existing 
International Disciplines and Proposals (JOB(04)/128) Communication from the United States:  Horizontal Transparency Disciplines in Domestic Regulation 
(JOB(06)/182) 
Outline of the U.S. position on a Draft Consolidated Text in the WPDR (JOB(06)/223) 
Classification in the Telecommunications Sector under the WTO-GATS Framework (TN/S/W/35 and S/CSC/W/45) Guidelines for Scheduling Commitments Concerning Postal and Courier Services, including Express Delivery (TN/S/W/30)$ Joint Statement on Liberalization of Logistics Services (TN/S/W/34) 
Joint Statement on Legal Services (TN/S/W/37 and S/CSC/W/46) 
Legal Services – Objectives for Further Liberalisa tion and Limitations to be Removed (JOB(05)/276) 
Joint Statement on Liberalization of Construction and Related Engineering Services (JOB(05)/130) 
Joint Statement on Liberalization of Financial Services (JOB(05)/17) 
Working Toward a Productive Information Exch ange (in the Working Party on GATS Rules) 
(JOB(05)/5 ) 
Statement on Services of Common Interest in the Energy Sector (JOB(06)/17) Implementation of the Modalities for the Special Tr eatment for Least Devel oped Country Members in 
the Trade in Services Negotiations (JOB(06)/77) Revised Services Offer (TN/S/O/USA/Rev.1) 
Review of Progress in Telecommunications Services (JOB(07)/199) 
Review of Progress in Postal and Courier Servi ces, including Express Delivery Collective Request 
(JOB(07)/200) WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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 Negotiating Group on Market Access 
Tariffs & Trade Data Needs Assessment (TN/MA/W/2) 
Negotiations on Environmental Goods  (TN/MA/W/3 and TN/TE/W/8) 
Modalities Proposal (TN/MA/W/18) 
Proposal on Modalities for Addressing Non-Tari ff Barriers (NTBs) (TN/MA/W/18/Add.1) 
Revenue Implications of Trade Li beralization (TN/MA/W/18/Add.2) 
Vertical NTB Modality (TN/MA/W/18/Add.3) Contribution on an Environmental Goods M odality (TN/TE/W/38) & (TN/MA/W/18/Add.5) 
Liberalizing Trade in Environmental Goods (TN/ MA/W/3, TN/MA/W/18/Add.4, Add.5, and Add.7) 
Non-Tariff Barrier Notifications (TN/MA/W/46/Add.8) 
Non-Tariff Barrier Notifications – Revision (TN/MA/W/46/Add.8/Rev.1) 
Non-Agricultural Market Access:  Modalities (TN/MA/W/44) Contribution by Canada, European Communities and United States, Non-Agricultural Market Access:  
Modalities (JOB(03)/163) Progress Report:  Discussions on Forestry NTBs (TN/MA/W/48/Add.1) 
Negotiating NTBs Related to Remanufacturi ng and Refurbishing (TN/MA/W/18/Add.11) 
A View To Harmonize Textile, Appare l, and Footwear Labeling Requirements 
(TN/MA/W/18/Add.12) Progress Report:  WTO NAMA Discussions on Autos NTBs (TN/MA/W/18/Add.9) Tariff Elimination in the Gems and Jewelry Sector (TN/MA/W/61) 
Tariff Liberalization in the Forest Products Sector (TN/MA/W/64) 
Tariff Elimination in the Electronics/Electrical Sector (TN/MA/W/59) Initial List of Environmental Goods (TN/MA/W/18/Add.7 or TN/TE/W/52) 
Treatment of Non Ad Valorem Tec hnical Tariffs (TN/MA/W/18/Add.8) 
Tariff Liberalization in the Chemicals Sector (TN/MA/W/58) How to Create a Critical Mass Sectoral Initiative (TN/MA/W/55) 
U.S. Proposal on Negotiating NTBs Related to the Auto Sector (TN/MA/W/18/Add.6) 
Non-Tariff Barriers Building Codes and the Wood Products Sector (TN/MA/W/48) Non-Tariff Barriers – Requests (TN/MA/NTR/3) Tariff Elimination in the Electronics/Electrical Sector (TN/MA/W/69) Open Access to Enhanced Healthcare (JOB(06)/35) 
Progress Report:  NTB Discussions Related to  Remanufactured and Refurbished Goods 
(TN/MA/W/18/Add.10) and (TN/MA/W/18/Add.10/Corr.1) Tariff Liberalisation in the Forest Products Sector (TN/MA/W/75) Negotiating Text on Textiles, Apparel, Footwe ar and Travel Goods Labeling Requirements 
(TN/MA/W/18/Add.14) 
Tariff Liberalization in the Chemicals Sector (TN/MA/W/72) 
Progress Report:  Sectoral Discussions on Tariff Elimination in the Chemicals Sector (TN/MA/W/18/Add.13) Tariff Elimination in the Electronics/Electrical Sector JOB(06)/85 Negotiating Proposal on Tariff Liberalisation in  the Forest Products Sector JOB(06)/128 
Market Access for Environmental Goods TN/MA/W/70 
Negotiating Proposal on Tariff Elimination in the Gems and Jewellery Sector TN/MA/W/61/Add.2 
Swiss Dual Proposal JOB(05)/36 Analytical Contributions June 2005 JOB(05)/97 Room Document for Simulation Presentati on March 06.  Actual doc # unknown. 
Negotiating Text on Liberalizing Trade in Remanufactured Goods (TN/MA/W/18/Add.15) 
Revised U.S. Negotiating Text on Libera lizing Trade in Remanufactured Goods 
(TN/MA/W/18/Add.16) United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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 Regulation of Remanufactured Goods:  Answers to  Frequently Asked Questions (JOB(07)/60) 
Non-Tariff Barriers – Requests (TN/MA/NTR/3/Add.2) Proposal for Modifications to "Ministerial Decision on Procedures for the Facilitation of Solutions to 
Non-Tariff Barriers" (TN/MA/W/88) NTBs (JOB(07)/145) 
Reducing Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade Related to Labe ling of Textiles, Apparel, Footwear and Travel 
Goods – HS Classifications of Travel Goods (JOB(07)/59) Reducing Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade Related to Labelling of Te xtiles, Apparel, Footwear and 
Travel Goods – U.S. Responses to U.S. Questions (JOB(06)/266/Add.1) Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade related to Textiles,  Clothing and Footwear – U.S. answers to 
Questionnaire by the European Communities (JOB(07)/22) 
Communication from the European Communities and th e United States on NTBs related to Textiles, 
Apparel, Footwear and Clothing (TN/MA/W/93) Negotiating Text on Liberalizing Trade in Rema nufactured Goods (TN/MA/W/18/Add.16/Rev.1) 
Illustrative Examples of Remanufactured Goods (JOB(07)/224) Negotiating Text on Non-Tariff Barriers Pertaining to the Electrical Safety and Electromagnetic 
Compatibility (EMC) of Electronic Goods (TN/MA/W/105 Rev.1) 
Negotiating Protocol on Enhanced Transparency  on Export Licensing (TN/MA/W/15/Add.4/Rev.1) 
Communication from the United States on Automotive NTBs (JOB(08)/39) Non Paper on "Committee-First" for the "Hor izontal Mechanism", TN/MA/W/106 of 9 May 2008 
(JOB(08)/45) 
Agreement on Non-Tariff Barriers Pertaining to Sta ndards, Technical Regulations, and Conformity 
Assessment Procedures for Automotive Products (JOB (08)/46) Sectoral Negotiations in Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) (TN/MA/W/97/Rev.1) Joint paper on Revised Draft Modalities for Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) (TN/MA/W/95) Communication from the European Communities and the United States for an  Anti-Concentration 
Clause in NAMA (TN/MA/W/96) 
Tariff Elimination in the Sports Equipment Sector (TN/MA/W/85) Answers by the Co-sponsors to Questions from th e Republic of Korea on Negotiating Text on 
Textiles, Apparel Footwear and Tr avel Goods Labeling (TN/MA/W/113) 
Answers to Frequently Asked Questions on Negot iating Text on Textiles, Apparel Footwear and 
Travel Goods Labeling (TN/MA/W/114) 
Answers by the Co-sponsors to Questions from Si ngapore on Negotiating Text on Textiles, Apparel 
Footwear and Travel Goods Labeling (TN/MA/W/116) Revised Negotiating Text on Textiles, Appa rel Footwear and Travel Goods Labeling 
(TN/MA/W/93/Rev/1) 
Answers by the Co-sponsors to Questions from Ne w Zealand, Switzerland, and China on Negotiating 
Text on Textiles, Apparel Footwear a nd Travel Goods Labeling (JOB(09)/162) 
Compendium of Questions and Answers on Negotia ting Text on Textiles, Apparel Footwear and 
Travel Goods Labeling (TN/MA/W/123) Revised Negotiating Text on NTBs Pertaining to  the Electrical Safety and Electromagnetic 
Compatibility of Electronic Goods (TN/MA/W/105/Rev.2) 
Answers to Questions from Singapore on U.S. Negotia ting Text on NTBs Pertaining to the Electrical 
Safety and Electromagnetic Compatibility of Electronic Goods (TN/MA/W/115) Answers to Questions from Thailand on U.S. Negotia ting Text on NTBs Pertaining to the Electrical 
Safety and Electromagnetic Compatibility of Electronic Goods (JOB(09)/37) Answers to Questions from Canada on U.S. Autos and Electronics NTBs Negotiating Texts 
(JOB(09)/157) 
Compendium of Questions and Answers on Agreemen t on NTBs Pertaining to the Electrical Safety 
and Electromagnetic Compatibility of Electronic Goods (TN/MA/W/125) WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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 Revised Agreement on Non-Tariff Barriers Pertaini ng to Standards, Technical Regulations, and 
Conformity Assessment Procedures for Automotive Products (TN/MA/W/120) Answers to Questions from Singapore on Agreement on Non-Tariff Barriers Pertaining to Standards, 
Technical Regulations, and Conformity A ssessment Procedures for Automotive Products 
(TN/MA/W/121) 
Compendium of Questions and Answers on Ag reement on Non-Tariff Barriers Pertaining to 
Standards, Technical Regulations, and Conformity  Assessment Procedures for Automotive Products 
(TN/MA/W/126) Answers by the Co-sponsors to Questions from the Republic of Korea on the Ministerial Decision on 
Trade in Remanufactured Goods (TN/MA/W/112) 
Answers by the Co-sponsors to Questions from Singapore on the Ministerial Decision on Trade in Remanufactured Goods (TN/MA/W/117) Revised Negotiating Text on Liberalizing Trade in Remanufactured Goods (TN/MA/W/18/Add.16/Rev.3) Answers by the Co-sponsors to Questions from Ma laysia on the Ministerial Decision on Trade in 
Remanufactured Goods (JOB(09)/155) 
Answer by the Co-sponsors to Questions from China on Remanufacturing (TN/MA/W/122) 
Compendium of Questions and Answers on Minist erial Decision on Trade in Remanufactured Goods 
(TN/MA/W/124) Report on 4 November 2009 Remanufac turing Workshops (JOB(09)/179 
Revised Negotiating Text on Enhanced Transparency in Export Licensing 
(TN/MA/W/15/Add.4/Rev.4) Answers by the Co-sponsors to Questions from Malaysia on Negotiating Text on Enhanced 
Transparency in Export Licensing (JOB(09)/127) Compendium on Questions and Answers on Negotiati ng Text on Enhanced Transparency in Export 
Licensing (TN/MA/W/130) 
 
Negotiating Group on Rules 
Fisheries Subsidies – Joint communication from the United States, Australia, Chile, Ecuador, Iceland, 
New Zealand, Peru, and the Philippines (TN/RL/W/3) Fisheries Subsidies (TN/RL/W/21) 
OECD Steel Paper (TN/RL/W/24) 
Questions on Papers Submitted to Rules Negotiating Group (TN/RL/W/25) 
Basic Concepts of the Trade Remedies Rules (TN/RL/W/27) Special and Differential Treatment and the Subsidies Agreement (TN/RL/W/33) Second Set of Questions from the United States on Papers Submitted to the Rules Negotiating Group 
(TN/RL/W/34) 
Investigatory Procedures Under The Antidumping and Subsidies Agreements (TN/RL/W/35) Communication From The United States Attaching A Communiqué From The Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development (OECD) (TN/RL/W/49) Circumvention (TN/RL/W/50) Replies To Questions Presented To The United States On Submission TN/Rl/W/27 (TN/RL/W/53) 
Third Set Of Questions From The United States  On Papers Submitted To The Rules Negotiating 
Group (TN/RL/W/54) Responses By The United States To Questions From  Australia On Investigatory Procedures Under 
The Anti-Dumping And Subsidies Agreements (TN/RL/W/71) Identification Of Certain Major Issues Under The Anti-Dumping And Subsidies Agreements 
(TN/RL/W/72) 
Possible Approaches To Improved Disciplines On Fisheries Subsidies (TN/RL/W/77) United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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 Subsidies Disciplines Requiring Clarification And Improvement (TN/RL/W/78) 
Elements Of A Steel Subsidies Agreement (TN/RL/W/95) Identification of Additional Issues under the Anti-du mping and Subsidies Agreements (TN/RL/W/98) 
Fourth Set Of Questions From The United Stat es On Papers Submitted To The Rules Negotiating 
Group (TN/RL/W/103) 
Further Issues Identified Under The Anti-Dumping And Subsidies Agreements For Discussion By the 
Negotiating Group On Rules (TN/RL/W/130) Replies to the Questions from India on TN/RL/W/35 (TN/RL/W/147) Three Issues Identified by the United States (TN/RL/W/153) 
Accrual of Interest (TN/RL/W/168) 
Additional Views on the Structure of the Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations (TN/RL/W/169) Fisheries Subsidies (TN/RL/W/196) (co-sponsored with Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Iceland, 
New Zealand, Pakistan and Peru) Offsets for Non-Dumped Comparisons (TN/RL/W/208) Allocation of Subsidy Benefits Over Time (TN/RL/GEN/4) 
Exchange Rates (TN/RL/GEN/5) 
New Shipper Reviews (TN/RL/GEN/11) Allocation Periods for Subsidy Benefits (TN/RL/GEN/12) Prompt Access to Non-Confidential Information (TN/RL/GEN/13) Conduct of Verifications (TN/RL/GEN/15) 
All-Others Rate (TN/RL/GEN/16) 
Expensing Versus Allocating Subsid y Benefits (TN/RL/GEN/17/Rev.1) 
Preliminary Determinations (TN/RL/GEN/25) Circumvention (TN/RL/GEN/29) Fisheries Subsidies – Programmes for Decommissioning of Vessels and Licence Retirement (TN/RL/GEN/41) 
Further Submission on When and How to Allocate Subsidy Benefits Over Time (TN/RL/GEN/45) 
Further Comments on Lesser Duty Proposals (TN/RL/GEN/58) Causation (TN/RL/GEN/59) Submission on Circumvention (TN/RL/GEN/71) Identification of Parties (TN/RL/GEN/89) (co-sponsored with Brazil) 
Access to Non-Confidential Information (TN/RL/GEN/90) 
New Shipper Reviews (TN/RL/GEN/91) Expanding the Prohibited "Red Light"Subsidy Category (TN/RL/GEN/94) Further Submission on Facts Available (TN/RL/GEN/105) Circumvention (TN/RL/GEN/106) 
Exchange Rates (TN/RL/GEN/107) 
Disclosure of Essential Preliminary Legal and F actual Considerations (Mandatory Preliminary 
Determinations) (TN/RL/GEN/108) Fisheries Subsidies (TN/RL/GEN/127) Causation (TN/RL/GEN/128) Definition of Domestic Industry for Perishable , Seasonal Agricultural Products (TN/RL/GEN/129) 
Allocation and Expensing of Subs idies Benefits (TN/RL/GEN/130) 
Collection of Anti-Dumping Duties under Article 9.3 (TN/RL/GEN/131) Conduct of On-the-Spot Investigations (TN/RL/GEN/132) Disclosure of Calculations in Preliminary and Final Determinations (TN/RL/GEN/133) 
Fisheries Subsidies:  Proposed New Disciplines (TN/RL/GEN/145) 
Expanding the Prohibited Red Light Subsid y Category – Draft Text (TN/RL/GEN/146) 
Proposal on Offsets for Non-Dumped Comparisons (TN/RL/GEN/147) Fisheries Subsidies (TN/RL/W/235) (co-spons ored with Australia and New Zealand) WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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 Committee on Anti-dumping Practices 
Proposal for Operationalization of Art. 15 (G/ADP/AHG/W/138) 
Draft Recommendation on Operationalizing Art. 15 (G/ADP/AHG/W/143) Para. 7.4:  Annual Reviews of the Antidumping Agreement (G/ADP/W/427) 
 
Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures 
Approval of Qualifying Requests under SCM Artic le. 27.4, Joint communication from the United 
States, Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan and Switzerland (G/SCM/W/521)  Dispute Settlement Body, Special Session 
Contribution of the United States to the Improvement  of the Dispute Settlement Understanding of the 
WTO-Related to Transparency (TN/DS/W/13) Negotiations on Improvements And Clarifications  of the Dispute Settlement Understanding on 
Improving Flexibility and Member Control in WTO Dispute Settlement (TN/DS/W/28) Further Contribution of The United States to The Improvement of The Dispute Settlement 
Understanding of the WTO Related to Transparency (TN/DS/W/46) 
Negotiations on Improvements and Clarifications  of the Dispute Settlement Understanding on 
Improving Flexibility and Member Control in WTO Dispute Settlement, Joint communication from United States and Chile (TN/DS/W/52) Some Questions for Consideration on Item(f) (TN/DS/W/74) 
Contribution of the United States on Some Practical Considerations in Improving the Dispute 
Settlement Understanding of the WTO Related to Tr ansparency and Open Meetings (TN/DS/W/79) 
Further Contribution of the United States on Impr oving Flexibility and Member Control in WTO 
Dispute Settlement (TN/DS/W/82) Further Contribution of the United States on Impr oving Flexibility and Member Control in WTO 
Dispute Settlement, Addendum (TN/DS/W/82/Add.1) 
Further Contribution of the United States on Impr oving Flexibility and Member Control in WTO 
Dispute Settlement, Addendum, Corrigendum (TN/DS/W/82/Add.1/Corr.1) Further Contribution of the United States to the Improvement of the Dispute Settlement 
Understanding of the WTO Related to Transpar ency – Revised Legal Drafting (TN/DS/W/86) 
Dispute Settlement Body – Special Session – Negotia tions on Improvements and Clarifications of the 
Dispute Settlement Understanding – Further C ontribution of the United States on Improving 
Flexibility and Member Control – Addendum (TN/DS/W/82/Add.2) 
Flexibility and Member Control – Revised Text ual Proposal by Chile and the United States 
(TN/DS/W/89)  Trade Facilitation 
Article VIII - Fees and Formalities (G/C/W/384) 
Article X – Publication and Administration (G/C/W/400) Integrated and Comprehensive Approach to Sp ecial and Differential Treatment (G/C/W/451) 
Communication on Trade Facilitation (JOB(04)/103) Introduction to Proposals by the United States of America (TN/TF/W/11) 
Advance Binding Rulings (TN/TF/W/12) 
Proposal on Transparency and Publication (TN/TF/W/13) Communication from the United States (TN/TF/W/14) Express Shipments (TN/TF/W/15) United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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 Release of Goods (TN/TF/W/21) 
Consularization - Proposal from Uganda and the United States (TN/TF/W/22) Multilateral Mechanism – Proposal from I ndia and the United States (TN/TF/W/57) 
United States Assistance on Trade Facilitation (TN/TF/W/71) 
Communication from Australia, Canada and the Un ited States – Draft Text on Advance Rulings 
(TN/TF/W/125) Communication from Uganda and the United States – Consularization (TN/TF/W/86 and Add.1) Communication from Uganda and the United States – Consularization (TN/TF/W/104) Communication from the United States - Express Shipments (TN/TF/W/91) 
Communication from Chile, Peru, and the United States - Internet Publication (TN/TF/W/89) 
Communication from Australia, Canada, and the United States – Common Elements of Advance 
Rulings (TN/TF/W/80) Communication from the United States – Draft Text on Internet Publication (TN/TF/W/145) Communication from the United States – Draft Text on Expedited Shipments (TN/TF/W/144 and 
Rev.1, 2 &3) 
Communication from the United States United St ates – Assistance on Trade Facilitation 
(TN/TF/W/151) Communication From Australia, Canada , Turkey And The United States – Draft Text 
On Advance Rulings (TN/TF/W/153 and Rev.1) Communication From Uganda And The United States – Prohibiting Consularization Requirements:  
Fulfilling A Longstanding Trade Facilitation Objective (TN/TF/W/156) 
Communication from the United States – Transition Pr ovisions for Developing  and Least Developed 
Country Members (TN/TF/W/166) WT/TPR/G/235 Trade Policy Review 
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 Committee on Trade and Environment, Regular and Special Session 
Sub-Paragraph 31 (i) of the Doha Declaration – Relationship between existing WTO rules and 
specific trade obligations set out in Multilatera l Environmental Agreements (MEAs) (TN/TE/W/20 
and TN/TE/W/40) 
Sub-Paragraph 31 (ii) of the Doha Declaration - Procedures for information exchange between MEA 
Secretariats and relevant WTO committees and criteria for granting MEA observer status (TN/TE/W/5 and TN/TE/W/70) Sub-Paragraph 31(iii) of the Doha Declaration – Market access for environmental goods and services 
(TN/TE/W/8, TN/TE/W/34, TN/TE/W/38, TN/TE/ W/52, TN/TE/W/64, TN/TE/W/65, JOB(06)140 
and JOB(06)169, JOB(07)/54, and JOB(07)193) 
Paragraph 33 of the Doha Declaration (WT/CTE/W/227) 
Six dual submissions on Environmental Goods to  the Committee on Trade and Environment Special 
Session and the Negotiating Group on Market Acce ss are also listed under the Negotiating Group on 
Market Access. 
Council on TRIPS, Regular & Special Session 
Questions and Answers:  Comparison of Proposals (TN/IP/W/1) 
Issues for Discussion, Article 23.4 (TN/IP/W/2) Proposal for a Multilateral System of Registration a nd Protection of Geographic Indications for Wine 
& Spirits Based on Article 23.4 of the TRIPS Agreement (TN/IP/W/5) Multilateral System of Registration and Protection of Geographic Indications for Wine & Spirits 
(TN/IP/W/6) 
Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health (IP/C/W/340) 
Second Submission on Paragraph 6 of the Doha  Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health 
(IP/C/W/358) Implications of Article 23 Extension (IP/C/W/386) 
Moratorium to Address Needs of Developing and Least-Developed Members with No or Insufficient 
Manufacturing Capacities in the Pharmaceutical Sector (IP/C/W/396) 
Joint Proposal for a Multilateral System of Notifi cation and Registration of Geographical Indications 
for Wines and Spirits (TN/IP/W/9) Article 27.3(B), Relationship between the TRIPS Agreement and the CBD, and the Protection of 
Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IP/C/W/434) 
Technology Transfer Practices of the U.S. National Cancer Institute's Departmental Therapeutics 
Program (IP/C/W/341) Access to Genetic Resources:  Regime of the United States' National Parks (IP/C/W/393) 
Proposed Draft TRIPS Council Decision on the Establishment of a Multilateral System of Notification and Registration of Geographical Indications fo r Wines and Spirits (TN/IP/W/10 and Add.1) 
Article 27.3(B), Relationship between the TRIPS Agreement and the CBD and the Protection of 
Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IP/C/W/449) Comments on Implementation of the 30 August 2003  Agreement (Solution) on the TRIPS Agreement 
and Public Health (IP/C/W/444) Relationship between the Trips Agreement a nd the CBD, and the Protection of Traditional 
Knowledge and Folklore (IP/C/W/469) United States WT/TPR/G/235 
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 Committee on Trade and Development, Special Session 
Remarks on the Review of Special and Differential Treatment (TN/CTD/W/9) 
Monitoring Mechanism (TN/CTD/W/19) Approach to Agreement-Specific Proposals (TN/CTD/W/27) 
 
Working Group on Transparency in Government Procurement 
Capacity Building Questions (WT/WGTGP/W/34) 
Workplan Proposal (WT/WGTGP/W/35) Considerations Related to Enforcement of an  Agreement on Transparency in Government 
Procurement (WT/WGTGP/W/38) 
 
Work Program on Electronic Commerce 
Work Program on Electronic Commerce (WT/GC/W/493/Rev.1) 
 
Working Group on the Relationship between Trade and Investment 
Covering FDI & Portfolio Investment in an Agreement (WT/WGTI/W/142) 
 
Working Group on the Interaction be tween Trade and Competition Policy 
Technical Assistance (WT/WGTCP/W/185) 
Hardcore Cartels (WT/WGTCP/W/203) 
Voluntary Cooperation (WT/WGTCP/W/204) 
Transparency & Non-discrimination (WT/WGTCP/W/218) Procedural Fairness (WT/WGTCP/W/219) The Benefits of Peer Review in the WTO Competition Context (WT/WGTCP/W/233)   
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