WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/TPR/OV/12 
18 November 2009 
 
 (09-5716) 
Trade Policy Review Body  
  
 
OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN THE  
INTERNATIONAL TRADING ENVIRONMENT
1 
 
Annual Report by the Director-General  
 
 
PART A:  TRADE AND TRADE-RE LATED DEVELOPMENTS IN 2009 
  
Table of Contents
 
 
 
  Page 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. ...................3 
I. ECONOMIC AND TRADE TRENDS .................................................................................................7 
 A. O VERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL CRISES ..........................................................................................7 
 B. O UTLOOK ............................................................................................................................... .7 
 C. R ECENT TRADE DEVELOPMENTS ..............................................................................................8 
  1. Merchandise trade values..........................................................................................8 
  2. Trade in commercial services .................................................................................12 
 D. O UTPUT AND EMPLOYMENT ...................................................................................................13 
 E. P RICES AND EXCHANGE RATES ..............................................................................................16 
 F. D EVELOPING COUNTRIES .......................................................................................................18 
  1. Aid for trade............................................................................................................1 9 
  2. Trade financing.......................................................................................................20 
II. TRADE AND TRADE-RELATED POLICY DEVELOPMENTS ....................................................21 
 A. T RADE MEASURES ..................................................................................................................23 
  1. Tariffs ................................................................................................................... ..23 
  2. Trade remedy measures ..........................................................................................25 
  3. Sanitary and ph ytosanitary measures......................................................................31 
  4. Technical barrier s to trade (TBT) ...........................................................................31 
  5. Measures affecti ng trade in services.......................................................................32 
 B. T RADE POLICY REVIEWS ........................................................................................................33 
 C. R EGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS ............................................................................................36 
                                                      
1 This Report covers the period October 2008 to October 2009.  It is presented pursuant to Paragraph G 
of the Trade Policy Review Mechanism and aims to assist the TPRB to undertake its annual overview of 
developments in the international trading environment that are having an impact on the multilateral trading system.  The Report is issued under the sole responsibility of the Director-General.  It has no legal effect on the 
rights and obligations of Members, nor does it have any le gal implications with respect to the conformity of any 
measure noted in the Report with any WTO Agreement or any provisions thereof.   WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-2  
 
  Page 
III. FISCAL STIMULUS AND INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL SECTOR SUPPORT 
MEASURES ...................................................................................................................... ..........39 
 A. A UTOMOBILE  INDUSTRY .......................................................................................................40 
 B. G OVERNMENT PROCUREMENT ...............................................................................................41 
IV. TRANSPARENCY AND NOTIFICATIONS ....................................................................................43 
ANNEX  1 TRADE AND TRADE -RELATED MEASURES (OCTOBER 2008  – OCTOBER 2009)........................47  
ANNEX  1(a) T RADE FACILITATING MEASURES (OCTOBER 2008  – OCTOBER 2009)....................................78 
ANNEX  2 GENERAL ECONOMIC STIMULUS MEASURES (OCTOBER 2008  – OCTOBER 2009)....................88  
ANNEX  3 MEASURES FOR FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS (OCTOBER 2008  – OCTOBER 2009) ....................102 
 
 
PART B  SHAPING FACTORS FOR TRADE:  LOOKING TO THE FUTURE 
    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-3  
 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 
 
1. Economic developments over the past twelve m onths are unprecedented in the history of the 
GATT/WTO.  The financial crisis and consequent collapse of aggreg ate demand in Europe and North 
America created a global economic recession that has dragged down the volume of merchandise trade 
by over 10 per cent in 2009, back to the level at wh ich it stood in 2005.  Developing countries remain 
particularly vulnerable to furthe r contraction of their exports, as we ll as to shortages of bank financing 
and declining FDI, falling commodity prices, reduc tions in earnings from remittances and uncertainty 
over future ODA flows.  This has led to an excepti onally difficult situation for low-income countries 
that do not have the economic or social safety nets in place to withstand such shocks.    
2. The size and suddenness of the economic crisis could have sparked a severe protectionist 
response.  This has not occurred.  Although there ha ve been instances of slippage, in general terms the 
world economy is about as open for trade today as it was before the crisis started.  New trade 
restrictions bore no responsibility for provoking the crisis, nor can they be claimed to have played 
more than a limited role in aggr avating it at the global level. 
3. As recorded in previous reports to the TPRB th is year, there has been trade policy slippage, 
including by most of the G20 countries.
2  An early response to the e ffects of the crisis in some 
countries was to increase tariffs and non-tariff ba rriers on certain imports.  By mid-year, export 
subsidies on dairy products had b een re-instated by the European Union, Switzerland and the United 
States, and limits to state purchases of agricultural pr oducts had been removed in the European Union.  
Also, increased state aid was being channelled to certain services sectors and manufacturing 
industries, mainly in developed countries.  More rece ntly there has been an increase in the initiation of 
trade remedy investigations, particularly by em erging economies in the case of antidumping and 
safeguard measures, and by developed countries in the case of countervailing measures.   
4. However, no WTO Member has retreated into wi despread trade restriction or protectionism, 
nor has there been any significant instance of trade retaliation.  The new trade-restricting or distorting 
measures that have been introduced since Octobe r 2008 (listed in Annex 1 of this Report) have 
covered collectively, at a maximum , 1 per cent of world merchandise trade.  They have been 
concentrated in particular on agricultural and iron  and steel products, followed at some distance by 
consumer electronics and textiles, clothing and footw ear.  Although they have certainly curtailed these 
trade flows, they have, in general, by no mean s brought them to a standstill and their effect on the 
overall decline in international trad e has been secondary to factors su ch as global credit shortages and 
lack of aggregate demand.  Nonetheless, in many  cases they have taken their toll on bilateral trade 
flows, and in some cases are adding significantly to the adverse effects of the global recession on 
individual country's exports, econom ic activity and unemployment. 
5. Many WTO Members have implemented measur es to open up their economies and encourage 
the expansion of their trade and investment over th e past twelve months, some as a deliberate policy 
response to help deal with the negative effects of the global crisis, others as a continuation of their 
national and regional programmes of trade liberali zation and facilitation.  Evidence from Trade Policy 
Reviews in 2009 confirms that most developing co untries have kept to their existing trade policy 
course, including autonomous steps to liberalize impor ts in many cases.  Very few have reacted to the 
crisis with trade restrictions.  Zambia is an exam ple of one of several African countries that, assisted 
by Aid for Trade, have continued with major refo rms over the past twelve months to open up their 
economies, reforms that seem to have  gone largely unnoticed outside Africa.3 
                                                      
2 Circulated in WTO documents JOB(09)/2, WT/TPR/OV/W/1 and W/2, dated 26 January, 20 April 
and 15 July 2009, respectively. 
3 WT/TPR/S/219/Rev.1 and WT/TPR/G/219/Rev.1, dated 8 October 2009 and 6 October 2009, 
respectively. WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-4  
 
6. The huge financial and fiscal stimulus programmes that were introduced to tackle the crisis by 
developed countries and some emer ging economies have undoubtedly ha d important trade effects.  
Above all, they have helped to prevent an even bigg er decline in internationa l trade than has in fact 
occurred.  Provisional data for the last few mont hs are showing signs of some, albeit hesitant, 
recovery in trade flows as stimulus programmes begi n to take effect and boost aggregate demand.   
7. At the same time, such large injections of public money into the productive sectors of the 
economy through state aids and subsidies, and of government influence over how it is spent, clearly have the potential to discriminate in favour of domestic producers and to distort international 
competition.  Specific features of some of the stim ulus programmes have cause d particular concern.  
In particular, "Buy Local" requirements (and thei r "Hire/Invest/Lend Local" counterparts) have 
reportedly been attached, officially or unofficia lly, to some programmes, although by no means all as 
was shown by the inclusion of foreign banks in some  of the financial rescue packages and by the car-
scrapping schemes introduced by several countries in mid-year to boost demand for new automobiles. 
8. Many WTO Members have requested more in-depth  analysis of the trade effects of these 
stimulus programmes.  Very few of their details have been notified to the WTO so that there is limited 
reliable information available on how they are be ing implemented.  Also, the exceptional economic 
circumstances in which the programmes were intr oduced mean that there is no general model to 
analyse the trade effects of their components parts in isolation from the broad macro-economic effects 
of the programmes themselves.  If financial rescue  packages had not been provided in Europe and 
North America, for example, it is not clear whet her competing financial ser vice suppliers in other 
countries would have been presented with profitabl e new investment opportunities in those markets 
that were suddenly left under-supplied, or whether they would have been submerged in a meltdown of 
the global financial system.  However, a number of  ideas are being floated to improve transparency 
and notifications and to pursue a more systematic analysis of these measures.  The Secretariat will continue to support the work of Members in the TPRB and the Committee on Trade in Financial 
Services in this respect. 
9. The fact that the world economy avoided a serious outbreak of trade protectionism in the past 
twelve months can be attributed in large part to the maturity of the political response to the crisis by 
developed and developing countries.  The danger of protectionism was recognized by G20 Leaders at 
their Summit in Washington in November 2008, a nd their subsequent political commitments to 
eschew new trade restrictions through the end of 2010 have been repeated in APEC and by other 
WTO Members.  
10. It is important that governments respect the political spirit as well as the letter of those 
commitments.  Pressures on them to restrict imports in sensitive industries will not relent until economic recovery is well established and is once again generating job growth.  In their Report on 
trade and investment policies to the G20 in  September 2009, the WTO, UNCTAD and OECD 
Secretariats recognized that the lin e against restrictive measures had he ld relatively well but noted that 
there had been slippage, particularly on trade policies.   
11. Since then, there has continued to  be a build-up of new trade re medy investigations, including 
by many G20 economies.  Virtually none of these inv estigations have been initiated by governments.  
They have been initiated in response to petitions file d by the private sector.  This trend is unhelpful 
but not unexpected, since historically the use of trade-remedy law by private-sector actors has tended 
to increase in times of economic distress.  Nonetheless,  if the trend were to continue and intensify it 
would give cause for concern that trade restric tions could still weaken the economic recovery. 
12. 
There are two dangers that must be avoided in  coming months.  One is an incremental build-
up of trade restrictions.  Even if each restriction taken on its own may appear to have had only a slight 
effect on trade, as they accumulate they will underc ut the effectiveness of policies to boost aggregate 
demand and restore sustained growth globally.      WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-5  
 
13. The second danger is that the longer trade restricting and distorting measures are left in place, 
the more deeply entrenched the special economic  interests depending on them will become and the 
more difficult it will be to remove the measures.  This was pointed out in an earlier report to the TPRB this year, with reference to the experience of the use of trade restrictions and subsidies in the 
late 1970s and early 1980s.  Then, measures that had b een taken temporarily to try to protect jobs and 
business profits from the effects of the economic recession created a legacy of uncompetitive 
industries and sectoral over-capacity.  This continue d to generate protectionist pressures even after 
economic activity had begun to pick up again,  and the measures were not unwound until the 
conclusion of the Uruguay Round.   
14. An important step that WTO Members can take  now is to devise and announce exit strategies 
to remove trade restrictions and production subsid ies that they have introduced temporarily to 
counteract the effects of the crisis, and start implementing those strategies as soon as domestic 
economic recovery takes hold.     
15. It has been widely noted by Members in the TPRB this year that the multilateral trading 
system has coped effectively with the strains pl aced on it by the economic crisis.  The WTO provided 
a strong platform on which governments could build their political response to resist domestic 
protectionist pressures, and its rules have con tinued to act as an insurance policy for all WTO 
Members against trade restriction and discriminati on and for business to help reduce commercial risk.  
However, events of the past twelve months have shown areas where the insurance policy looks 
decidedly out-of-date and needs to be deepened and strengthened.   
16. One area is government procurement.  A second is  trade-related subsidies.   Other than explicit 
export subsidies (and even then excepting those used to boost exports of agricultural products), WTO 
rules treat only the symptoms of the trade-distor ting effects of subsidies, but not their cause. 
17. A third area where WTO trade disciplines need  strengthening, and one that is within 
immediate reach through the Doha Round, is to clos e the gap between the levels at which Members 
have bound their trade policies in the WTO and the levels at which they apply those policies in 
practice.  In many Members, this has grown wide  after years in which they have substantially 
liberalized their trade policies on an autonomous basis.   One study, produced shortly after the crisis 
began, pointed out the extent to which Members could raise their tariffs without breaching their WTO bindings and concluded that, if all of them were in fact to do so, the average global rate of duty would 
double and the value of global trade would be cut by 8 per cent.
4  Closing the gap between bound and 
applied rates of tariffs and agricultural subsidies will make a major contribution to reinforcing the 
policy disciplines of the WTO.  
18. The benefit of an early conclusion to the Doha Round in current circumstances lies in its 
ability to deliver an economic stimulus package glob ally that will generate good quality jobs and that 
does not have to be financed out of over-stretch ed public treasuries.  It will lower prices for 
consumers at a time when their af ter-tax real incomes are under stra in.  It will also create a global 
platform on which overdue structural adjustment ca n be managed.  The world economy has entered a 
period of reduced aggregate demand that is exposing over-capacity in several global industries, and it 
is facing fiscal consolidation.  Future growth will depend primarily on productivity improvements.  
The goods and services sectors of open econom ies are prime breeding grounds for those 
improvements, and in a post-Doha tr ade environment they will prosper. 
19. Members have continued advancing with thei r programmes of bilateral and regional trade 
arrangements in 2009.  Twenty-five new regional tr ade agreements (RTAs) were notified to the WTO 
in the past twelve months, most of them (18) cove ring trade in both goods and services.  This brings 
the total number of notified RTAs in force to 186.  The WTO Secretariat is aware of about 100 other 
                                                      
4 International Food Policy Research Institute, Issue Brief 56, Washington D.C., December 2008. WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-6  
 
RTAs that are in force but that have not yet been  notified to the WTO.  Of these, South and Central 
American countries are involved in around 60, African  countries in 30, the Caribbean countries in 18, 
countries in the Middle East in 17, Asian countries in  nine and North American countries in nine.  The 
Secretariat is aware also of around 100 other RTAs  that are in the process of being negotiated. 
20. Clearly, RTAs have become an important part of the global trade architecture.  The  
Transparency Mechanism for RTAs that Members agr eed to implement on a provisional basis in 2007 
is helping to shed light on their main features but  the notification record remains unsatisfactory.  
Essential characteristics of RTAs that complement  the multilateral trading system and help to 
minimize discrimination are low external tariffs, simp lified rules of origin a nd broad coverage of all 
sectors of trade.  Other factors that help make RTAs a success are differences in specialization among 
partner countries, a critical mass large enough to gene rate economies of scale, and trade facilitation at 
external borders to match the internal facilitation of  trade.  More can be made of the Transparency 
Mechanism to enable the WTO to engage cons tructively with RTAs and to explore how the 
multilateral trading system can assimilate the trade gains they are achieving.  It is not clear, for example, how extensively RTAs are in fact used .  Firm-level surveys in a number of east-Asian 
economies have suggested that the use of current RTA preferences by economic agents is relatively 
low (22 per cent);  the share rises to 44 per cent if t hose that intend to use pref erences in the future are 
included.  Developing a deeper understanding in th e Committee on Regional Trade Agreements of the 
array of RTAs in existence, based on analysis of common features of different agreements, would 
allow Members to reflect on how RTAs might be en couraged to converge more deliberately on the 
multilateral system from an economic and commercial point of view.   
21. This year is the twentieth anniversary of the ope ration of the TPRM.  Part of the material used 
to prepare this Report has been drawn from the 21 Tr ade Policy Reviews held in 2009.  Since its first 
review meeting, held in December 1989, the TPRB has conducted 305 trade policy reviews covering 
136 WTO Members, representing 97 per cent of world trade.  In that period it has evolved considerably to maintain its effectiveness and to take account of expanding WTO membership, the 
wider scope and increasing depth of the multilatera l agenda, and the growing complexity of trade-
related measures.  The TPRM must continue evol ving to meet its objectives of achieving greater 
transparency in, and understanding of, the trade pol icies and practices of Members.  Changes have 
been introduced in 2009 to strengthen the analytical  quality of the Secretariat reports, to place Aid for 
Trade needs within the context of a country's trade policy framework, and to deploy more effectively 
the Secretariat's resources which remain, nonethel ess, overstretched in this area.  A further 
improvement that is overdue is to overhaul the process of peer review in the TPRB.  
22. This Report to the TPRB, and those that have preceded it, aim to contribute to improving the 
multilateral transparency of trade policies.  Other impo rtant steps in this direction have been taken this 
year by all WTO Committees and Councils to improve the implementation of WTO notification requirements and stimulate a more up-to-date and comprehensive flow of information among 
Members about recent trade-related developments.  The decision by Members to enhance their 
compliance with notifications to the Integrated Da tabase is already a particularly welcome step 
forward. 
23. More needs to be done in this area in 2010 to strengthen the WTO's monitoring and 
surveillance capacities.  The tendency until now has been to rely on the institutional machinery to 
monitor trade policy developments through the rea r-view mirror only.  The experience of the past 
twelve months has demonstrated the value of im proving transparency and collectively monitoring 
vulnerabilities and potential fracture points that could affect trade and the trading system tomorrow.  
To be relevant and useful, monitoring of this sort n eeds to be carried out at regular intervals and to be 
based on accurate information from Members that is as comprehensive as possible.  It requires that a 
coherent approach is adopted by Members and the Secretariat to produce a WTO-wide trade 
information system, based on common formats and m odern electronic means for the handling, storage 
and dissemination of data, coope ration with other intergovernm ental organizations to avoid    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-7  
 
duplication, and technical assistance to enhance bot h the contribution of, and the benefits for, 
developing countries and LDCs. 
I. ECONOMIC AND TRADE TRENDS  
A. O
VERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL CRISES  
24. The origins of the global financial and econom ic crises can be traced to 2007 when major 
financial institutions began to incur heavy losses as a result of their exposure to the market for sub-
prime mortgages.  Uncertainty about the extent of these losses reduced the appe tite for risk on the part 
of lenders and severely constrained credit flow s to businesses and consumers, as well as between 
banks.  The situation worsened significantly followi ng the failure of Lehman Brothers investment 
bank in September 2008.  The plunge in equity va lues, combined with further declines in housing 
markets, constituted a significant shock to house hold wealth in developed countries, leading 
consumers to reduce their consumption and boos t precautionary savings.  Firms cut back on 
investment spending in response to the heightened level of economic uncertainty. The resulting fall in 
aggregate demand caused world trade and output to cont ract sharply in the last quarter of 2008 and the 
first quarter of 2009.  Reduced availability and higher  costs of trade finance exacerbated the decline of 
export demand for some developing countries.  The economic slowdown rapidly became a global 
phenomenon. 
25. After having registered a sharp contraction at the beginning of 2009, world trade and output 
stabilized in the second quarter of 2009, supporte d by extraordinary monetary and fiscal policy 
interventions by a large number of governments.  The contraction of output in the United States was smaller than many had expected, and France and Germany posted a return to positive GDP growth 
although output continued to contract for the Europe an Union as a whole.  Trade flows also bottomed 
out in the second quarter, with some regions, par ticularly Asia, showing signs of trade growth 
rebounding quickly.   
26. In the third quarter, the economic situation continued to improve, with output growth 
resuming in the United States and accelerating in most  other countries.  Trade growth has recovered 
strongly in some countries, notably China.  However, despite the more favourable business 
environment, the resumption of global trade growth  has been hesitant, including a number of false 
starts where positive results in one month have  been followed by setbacks in the next.   
B. O
UTLOOK  
27. The balance of forces affecting the global econo my appears to be more positive than negative 
at the moment, but there remain serious risks to the steadiness and strength of economic recovery.  
Among them is the high and rising unemployment le vels in most countries, which will act as a drag 
on global growth for some time to come and coul d see protectionist pressures in specific industries 
and sectors intensifying even as the recovery in trade and output gr owth takes hold.   
28. In the Director-General's report to the TPRB in July5, the WTO Secretariat projected a 
10 per cent decline in the volume of world exports fo r 2009, with developed and developing countries' 
exports falling by about 14 per cent and 7 per cent, respectively.  The Secret ariat believes now that 
this may slightly underestimate the decline in trade.    
29. In its most recent World Economic Outlook of October 2009, the International Monetary 
Fund has forecast a decline of 1.1 per cent in world GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) for 2009 
                                                      
5 WT/TPR/OV/W/2, dated 15 July 2009. WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-8  
 
and an expansion of 3.1 per cent for 2010.
6   Output of advanced economies is expected to contract by 
3.4 per cent in 2009 and increase by just 1.3 per cent in  2010.  Faster growth is projected for emerging 
economies and developing countries, of 1.7 per cen t in 2009 and 4 per cent in 2010.  The IMF is 
forecasting a decline in the volume of world trade (goods and services) of 11.9 per cent in 2009, and 
growth of 2.5 per cent in 2010.  Exports of a dvanced economies are expected to fall by around 
13.6 per cent in 2009 before returning to growth of 2 per cent in 2010.  Emerging economies should 
fare better, with a smaller projected decline of 7. 2 per cent in 2009 and the resumption of growth of 
3.6 per cent in 2010.   
C. RECENT TRADE DEVELOPMENTS  
30. According to estimates by the Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB)7, the 
volume of world merchandise trade (average of expo rts and imports) grew by 3.7 per cent in July, the 
largest increase recorded since December 2003, but then fell by 2 per cent in August (Chart 1).  Trade 
in August was down 18 per cent from its peak in April of last year and 15 per cent year-on-year. 
31. CPB data show falls in August in exports from developed countries and emerging economies 
of 1.6 per cent and 2.1 per cent respectively, following  growth of 3.6 per cent and 3.2 per cent in July.  
The same patterns, of about the same magnitudes, are evident for imports.  The decline in August is 
consistent with trade data in curre nt dollar terms from other sources.   
32. At this stage in the recovery, trade growth is  volatile.  Three-month averages give a better 
indication of trend movements.  The average monthly volume of trade for the three months ending in August was 1.8 per cent higher than the average fo r the preceding three months.  A similar measure 
for July showed an increase of 0.2 per cent, wh ich makes two consecutive periods of positive trade 
growth.  Before June, changes in three-month av erages were negative back to June of 2008. 
33. Japan produced a notably better performance than  other developed countries in August, with 
growth of 1.3 per cent in exports and 0.8 per cen t in imports.  On a thre e-month average basis, 
Japanese exports for the three months ending in Augus t were 14.4 per cent above their level in July 
and imports were up 5.5 per cent.  Developing coun tries in Asia, including China, saw their three-
month average imports through August rise 6.6 per cent over July, more than any other country or 
region.  These data may indicate the re-emergence in Asia of trade growth based on global supply 
chains that existed before the economic crisis.  Fo r the time being, the weak link in that chain is 
import demand from other developed ec onomies, which remained flat in August with growth of just 
0.5 per cent based on three-month averages.  Increased import demand in China may be helping to compensate for that as a result of its large fiscal stimulus earlier this year.   
1. Merchandise trade values 
34. Chart 2 shows merchandise trade values in cu rrent US dollar terms for selected economies 
through August and September, de pending on data availability.  These data should be used with 
caution as they are not seasonally adjusted and may be  strongly influenced by changes in commodity 
prices and exchange rates.  Nonetheless, they offe r an early indicator of trends in world trade. 
 
                                                     
 
6 In terms of market exchange rates, world GDP is projected to shrink by 2.3 per cent in 2009 before 
growing by 2.3 per cent in 2010.   
7 World Trade Monitor , 23 October 2009.  Estimates based on partial data and subject to revision.  All 
figures are seasonally adjusted.    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-9  
 
50100150200250
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 09Emerging economiesChart 1
Volume of monthly exports and imports, January 2000 - August 2009
50100150200250
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 09
OECD minus Turkey, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Central European countries.
CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.Indices, 2000 = 100Exports
Imports
World Advanced economiesa
United States Euro AreaJapan
a
Source: 
 
 WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-10  
 
 
010203040506070
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09050100150200250
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09020406080
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09
050100150200250
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09020406080
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09
0306090120150
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09
0306090120150
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09Chart 2
Monthly merchandise exports and imports of selected economies, January 2006 - September 09
United States Japan(US$ billion)
European Union (27) extra-trade France
Germany United Kingdom
China
01020304050
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09
0510152025
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09Republic of Korea
Brazil
05101520253035
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09India
 
 
Chart 2 (cont'd)    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-11  
 
 
051015202530
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09
05101520
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-0901020304050
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-090246810
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09
010203040
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09
0510152025
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09
0510152025
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09Russian Federation South Africa
Chinese Taipei Singapore
Malaysia Thailand
Turkey
010203040
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09Mexico
Source :  IMF, International Financial Statistics;
               GTIS; GTA database; national statistics.Exports Imports0510152025
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09Australia
05101520
Jan-06 Jul-06 Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09Indonesia
 
 WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-12  
 
35. The slump in trade for August is clearly visible in the charts, with double-digit month-on-
month declines in exports of EU-27 (intra-EU tr ade is excluded) of 21 per cent to US$112 billion 
between July and August.  There were also large dr ops in other countries, e.g. the Republic of Korea 
with a decline in exports of 9 per cent to US$29 bil lion.  An exception to this rule was the United 
States, where exports grew by nearly 2 per cent in August to US$87 billion.  Imports also suffered a 
setback in August in many countries, notably Ch ina where they dropped more than 7 per cent to 
US$104 billion. 
36.   However, those countries with data fo r September show significant rebounds from the 
August slump.  For example, China's exports  and imports respectively rose 12 per cent to 
US$116 billion and 17 per cent to US$103 billion in September, while Japan's exports and imports 
grew by 18 per cent to US$56 billion and 10 per cent to US$50 billion.  Caution should be used when 
interpreting the significance of these month-on-month changes, but in most cases the September rebounds were greater than the August setbacks.  This  suggests that global trade flows are recovering. 
37. Year-on-year changes are still universally negativ e.  Exports and imports of the United States 
through August were down 25 per cent and 31 per cent respectively, and EU-27 exports and imports 
were down 25 per cent and 32 per cent, respectively.  The year-on-year decline in China's exports was 
reduced from 23 per cent in August to 15 per cent in September, while the fall in imports was reduced 
from 17 per cent to just 4 per cent.  Japan's year-on-year export growth also improved.   
38. The value of world trade in fuels and mining products fell by more than any other product 
group during the year ending in the second quarter of 2009, which is not surprising considering the record high oil prices in 2008.  Shipments of manuf actured goods fell more than agricultural products.  
There are, however, important differences between different categories of manufactured goods;  
automotive products and iron and steel registered huge declines through the second quarter of 2009 
(Table 1). 
Table 1 
Quarterly growth of world trade in manufactures by product, 2008Q1 - 2009Q2 
(year-on-year percentage change in current U.S. dollars)  
 2008Q1 2008Q2 2008Q3 2008Q4 2009Q1 2009Q2 
Manufactures 15.4 17.9 12.5 -11.0 -28.0 -29.9 
 Iron and steel 13.8 25.9 41.4 3.7 -38.0 -55.5 
 Automotive products 14.8 15.0 2.6 -26.5 -47.1 -45.8 
 Office and telecom equipment 9.3 12.4 6.6 -14.7 -28.4 -22.0 
 Chemicals 18.4 23.5 20.4 -6.7 -23.5 -24.6 
 Clothing and textiles 9.6 9.5 6.0 -7.2 -16.0 -19.8 
Note:  Figures for manufactures may differ from other data disseminated by the WTO. 
Source:  WTO Secretariat esti mates based on mirror data.  
2. Trade in commercial services 
39. Limited data are available for international trade in services in 2009.  Figures for leading 
economies suggest that services trade was initially  less affected by the global recession than 
merchandise trade, but that since the middle of the y ear it has started to contract more sharply.  For 
example, the United States recorded a 13 per cent ye ar-on-year drop in the dollar value of its exports 
of commercial services through August compared with  a drop of 25 per cent for goods, while imports 
of services fell 16 per cent compared with 31 per cent for goods.   EU-27 exports of services fell 22 per cent year-on-year in the second quarter (compa red with a decline of 26 per cent for goods) and 
imports fell 20 per cent (35 per cent for goods) but the contraction is much less marked when 
measured in Euros (11 per cent for services exports and 9 per cent for imports).  China's exports of 
commercial services fell 24 per cent in the first half  of 2009 compared with the same period in 2008,    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-13  
 
but imports only dropped by 5 per cent, reflecting the relative strength of income growth in China 
compared with the rest of the world.  Japan's exports and imports of services in the second quarter 
were down 19 per cent and 14 per cent, respectively, compared with the same period a year earlier.  In all of these cases, however, second-quarter data on services trade show a marked deterioration from first-quarter performance. 
40. Certain categories of services have performed much better than services as a whole.  For 
example, the United States' imports of travel services was down just 8 per cent in August compared with a year ago, and other commercial services fell by 11 per cent.  On the other hand, the 32 per cent 
decline in transport services was almost equal to the decline in merchandise trade reflecting the close 
relationship between the two. 
D. O
UTPUT AND EMPLOYMENT  
41. Quarterly GDP growth for the United States re mained negative in the second quarter of 2009 
at -0.2 per cent (-0.7 per cent on an annualized basi s), but turned positive in the third quarter at an 
annualized rate of 3.5 per cent (Chart 3).8  The unemployment rate, on the other hand, rose to 
9.8 per cent in September and the IMF projects that joblessness will continue to rise, with 
unemployment remaining at just over 10 per cent for the whole of 2010 (WEO, October 2009).   
42. Although output continued to contract in th e second quarter for the EU-27, France and 
Germany unexpectedly moved out of recession, each with positive GDP growth of around 0.3 per cent (1 per cent annualized rate).  Nonetheless, their une mployment rates are expected to rise further and 
exceed 10 per cent in 2010, according to IMF forecasts .  Other EU countries face even more difficult 
labour market conditions with, for example, unemp loyment in Spain expected to rise to over 
20 per cent next year. 
43. Japan has had the fastest rebound in output during the second quarter at 0.6 per cent 
(2.3 per cent annualized rate) and the IMF predicts that its unemployment rate will be just 6 per cent 
in 2010, a rate that is nonethel ess 50 per cent higher than in 2008. 
44. Chart 4 shows year-on-year changes in output for other countries, including China and India.  
Continued growth in these two countries has allowed them to avoid absolute declines in output during 
the crisis, despite sharp slowdowns earlier in the year.  At the other end of the spectrum, the Russian Federation has suffered one of the most severe drops in output, with year-on-year GDP falling from growth of 9 per cent at the beginning of 2008 to a contraction of 11 per cent one year later. 
45. China's GDP in the third quarter  grew 8.9 per cent from a year earlier, up from 7.9 per cent in 
the second quarter and 6.1 per cent in the first quart er.  Growth for the year to date stands at 
7.7 per cent, and fourth quarter growth is expect ed to accelerate to 10.4 per cent according to the 
China Center for Economic Research.  This suggests that China will exceed the government's target of 
8 per cent growth for 2009. 
  
 
                                                     
 
8 US Bureau of Economic Analysis, 29 October 2009. WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-14  
 
-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.5
Q1-2007
Q2-2007
Q3 -2007
Q4-2007
Q1-2008Q2 -200 8
Q3- 2008
Q4-2008
Q1 -200 9
Q2- 2009% change over previou s quarte
r
012345678910
%  of  labou r f orc eChart 3
Quarterly GDP growth and harmonized unemployment rates of developed economies
(Percentage change over previous quarter and percentage of labour force)
United States
Source :  OECD, Stat. extracts database.-3.5-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.5
Q1-2007
Q2 -200 7
Q3 -2007
Q4-2007
Q1-2008
Q2 -200 8
Q3 -2008
Q4-2008
Q1-2009
Q2 -200 9% change over previous quarter
012345678910
%  o f labo ur forceJapan
-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.0
Q1-2007
Q2-2007
Q3 -2007
Q4-2007
Q1-2008Q2 -200 8
Q3-2008
Q4-2008
Q1 -200 9
Q2- 2009% change over previous quarter
012345678910
%  of  labou r f orc e
-4.0-3.0-2.0-1.00.01.02.0
Q1-2007
Q2 -2007
Q3-2007
Q4-2007
Q1-2008
Q2-2008
Q3-2008
Q4-2008
Q1 -200 9
Q2-2009% change over previous quarter
012345678910
%  of  labou r fo rc e
-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.0
Q1 -200 7
Q2-2007
Q3-2007
Q4 -200 7
Q1- 2008
Q2-2008
Q3-2008
Q4 -2008
Q1-2009
Q2-2009%  chan ge ov er p revious q uarte r
012345678910
% of lab our force
-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.5
Q1-2007
Q2 -200 7
Q3 -2007
Q4-2007
Q1-2008
Q2 -200 8
Q3 -2008
Q4-2008
Q1-2009
Q2 -200 9% change over previous quarte r
02468101214161820
%  o f labo ur forceEuropean Union (27) Germany
France Spain
GDP (RHS) Unemployment rate (LHS)
 
    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-15  
 
-4-20246810
2004Q1 2005Q1 2006Q1 2007Q1 2008Q1 2009Q1-6-4-20246
2004Q1 2005Q1 2006Q1 2007Q1 2008Q1 2009Q1-6-4-2024
2004Q1 2005Q 1 2006Q1 2007Q1 2008Q1 2009Q1
-1 0-8-6-4-20246
2004Q1 2005Q1 2006Q1 2007Q 1 2008Q1 2009Q1468101214
2004Q1 2005Q1 2006Q1 2007Q1 2008Q 1 2009Q1
24681012
2004Q1 2005Q1 2006Q1 2007Q1 2008Q 1 2009Q1
-12-10-8-6-4-20246810
2004Q1 2005Q1 2006Q1 2007Q1 2008Q1 2009Q1Chart 4
Quarterly growth of GDP for selected economies, 2004Q1 - 2009Q3 or latest quarter
(Year-on-year percentage change)
United States European Union (27)
China
India Brazil
Russian Federation
-4-202468
2004Q1 2005Q1 2006Q 1 2007Q1 2008Q1 2009Q1South AfricaJapan
Source :  OECD except for China, which are from national statistics.
 
 WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-16  
 
E. P
RICES AND EXCHANGE RATES  
46. Changes in exchange rates have a strong influe nce on these nominal trade statistics.  After the 
financial crisis intensified in September 2008, the U.S. dollar appreciated strongly against other 
currencies reflecting its traditional role as a safe haven in times of economic uncertainty.  However, as 
the crisis has abated the dollar has resumed its downw ard trajectory of recent years (Chart 5).  It fell 
by 12 per cent against a broad basket of curre ncies between March and October 2009, and by 
15 per cent against the Euro in the same period.  From a longer term perspective the dollar has fallen 
by about 7 per cent on average against its trading partners since 2005.   
47. Rising commodity prices also have an important effect on nominal trade statistics, inflating 
the value of both exports of producer countries a nd imports of consuming countries.  The most 
important of these is crude oil prices, which have  recently risen to near US$80/barrel from less than 
US$40/barrel in February.  Further increases in oil prices could hold back economic recovery as they 
squeeze household budgets and raise input costs for firms. 
48. Prices of many primary commodities were highly vo latile in the run-up to the financial crisis, 
including metals and food, in addition to energy.  Monthly indices of commodity prices from the IMF 
show that their average cost more than tripled between the beginning of 2003 and their peak in 
July 2008, following a period of relative stability sinc e 2000 (Chart 6).   Energy  more than quadrupled 
in value and food prices doubled during the same peri od.  Increases of agricultural raw material prices 
were insignificant by comparison.  Prices of meta ls peaked earlier, in May of 2007, after having 
roughly tripled since 2003.  The average price for metals in 2008 was down 8 per cent over the previous year, whereas energy prices rose 40 per cent year-on-year.    
49. Commodity prices plummeted as the world economy slowed toward the end of 2008.  They 
declined 56 per cent between July 2008 and February  2009, mostly due to a 64 per cent drop in the 
cost of energy.  Following a modest rebound from their low point in February, commodity prices have 
recently followed a see-saw pattern, rising and falling as market sentiment has shifted.  The index of 
all commodities rose 31 per cent from its low point in  February through June, but it was more or less 
stable between June and September.  Average comm odity prices during the first nine months of 2009 
were down 40 per cent over the same period in 2008, including a 47 per cent drop in the cost of energy.  Prices of primary commodities could rise again quickly if global output recovers faster than expected, but they could also stagnate or fall if growth remains sluggish. 
50. Price movements for certain non-oil commodities have been more dramatic than the broad 
indices.  Copper prices fell 64 per cent from US$8, 714/tonne to US$3,105/tonne between April and 
December 2008, but have since nearly doubled, rising to US$6,195/tonne in September.  Agricultural 
commodities as diverse as wheat, barley, sunflower o il and soybean oil all recorded price drops of 
50 per cent or more during the crisis.  Prices of agri cultural products in genera l have not recovered as 
dramatically as those of energy and metals as the economic outlook has improved.    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-17  
 
Chart 5
Nominal dollar exchange rates for selected currencies, January 2005 - September 2009
(Indices of national currencies per US dollar, January 2005=100)
708090100110120130140
Jan-05
Jul-05
Jan-06
Jul-06
Jan-07
Jul-07
Jan-08
Jul-08
Jan-09
Jul-09
UK poundBroad trade -weighted avg. Euro
Japanese yen Canadian dollarChinese RMB
Source :  OECD except for China, which are from national statistics.
 
 
 
Chart 6
Prices of selected primary commodities, January 2000 - September 2009
(Indices, 2000=100)
050100150200250300350400450500
M1 2000
M7 2000M1 2001M7 2001
M1 2002
M7 2002
M1 2003
M7 2003M1 2004M7 2004M1 2005
M7 2005
M1 2006M7 2006M1 2007M7 2007
M1 2008
M7 2008M1 2009
M7 2009Ener gy Metals
Agr. Raw materials FoodAll commodities
Source :  IMF, International Financial statistics.
 WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-18  
 
F. D
EVELOPING COUNTRIES  
51. Developing countries began to feel the full effects of the crises from the end of 2008.  Their 
banks and other financial institutions  seemed initially to have been shielded from the financial crisis 
due to their limited exposure to the ma rkets and financial instruments that lay at its core.  Since then it 
has become clear that their domestic capital mark ets and their access to international capital markets 
have been affected directly and significantly.  In ternational investors have pulled resources back from 
emerging markets and other developing countries, in part because of the de-leveraging process of their financial institutions.  This showed up in a dec line of net private capital flows, including foreign 
direct investment, to developing countries.  It show ed up also in the market for trade finance on which 
exporters in many developing countries rely.     
52. The volume of developing countries' merchandise e xports is projected to decline by 7 per cent 
in 2009.  Developing countries remain vulnerable to further worsening of the contraction of 
international trade, highly volatile world pri ces for commodities, declining capital inflows (in 
particular FDI), reductions in earnings from rem ittances and tourism, and uncertainty over future 
ODA flows.  This has led to an exceptionally difficu lt situation for low-income countries that do not 
have the economic or social safety nets available to  withstand such shocks.  Their economic growth in 
2009 is projected to be less than half of the pre-crisis level.
9  The World Bank estimates that an 
additional 89 million people will be  pushed into extreme poverty by end 2010 as a consequence of the 
global economic slowdown.10   
53. Global Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows have been severel y affected worldwide by the 
economic and financial crisis.  Th e decline in FDI inflows registered in 2008 marked the end of a 
growth cycle in international investment that st arted in 2004 and which saw global FDI inflows reach 
a historic record of US$1.9 trillion in 2007.  After a 15 per cent declin e in global FDI inflows in 2008, 
FDI is expected to fall further in  2009 (to below US$1.2 trillion).11  Declines occurred in all three 
components of FDI flows – equity investment, rei nvested earnings and other capital flows (the last 
being mainly intra-company loans). The impact of  the crisis on FDI differs depending on the region 
and the economic sector:  developed countries have so  far been the most affected, while flows into 
developing countries continued to grow in 2008, but at a much lower rate than the year before.12   
54. Remittances  have become an important source of foreign exchange earnings for many 
developing countries and transition economies.  Th ey help sustain the living standards of many 
households, often lifting them out of poverty.  Th ey are also a source of financing for small 
enterprises and residential investments.  Accord ing to UNCTAD's 2009 Trade Development Report, 
the strong rise in recorded remittances after 2000 was followed by a deceleration of flows to 
developing and transitions economies in 2008.  Migr ant's remittances are expected to fall by between 
5 and 8 per cent in 2009. 
55. The decline in tourism  due to the global crisis has had serious consequences for some 
developing countries where tourism is one of the ke y sectors in terms of export revenues.  The sharp 
drop in international tourism worldwide that em erged during the second half of 2008 continued 
through most of 2009, with the exception of Africa  which experienced a mi nimal rise. The UN World 
Tourism Organization predicted international tourist a rrivals to continue to decline by between 2 and 
                                                      
9 IMF, The Implications of the Global Financial Crisis for Low-Income Countries – An Update, 
28 September 2009. 
10 World Bank, Protecting Progress:  the Challenge Facing Low-Income Countries in the Global 
Recession, September 2009. 
11 Preliminary data for 2009 indicate a general decline in FDI inflows in developed, developing and 
transitions economies alike (UNCTAD, Trade and Develo pment Report 2009).  UNCTAD is expecting a slow 
recovery to start in 2010 (UNCTAD World Investment Report 2009, 17 September 2009). 
12 In developing countries and transition economies, UNCTAD data show that FDI inflows grew by 
4 per cent in 2008, substantially lower than in 2007, but that there was a sharp decline in Q4.    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-19  
 
3 per cent in 2009; however later declared July and August as a turning point for international 
tourism, as the negative growth was lessening from the 6 per cent decline the industry experienced 
earlier in the year.
13   
1. Aid for trade 
56. The joint OECD-WTO report on "Aid-for-Trade  at a Glance 2009" presented at the Second 
Global Review of Aid for Trade held on 6 and 7 July 200914, highlighted that the Aid-for-Trade 
initiative has already made considerable progress.  Developing countries are prioritizing trade in their 
development strategies and, in response, donors are scaling up their resources.  The joint report 
included an analysis of aid flows, the self-assess ment questionnaires and Aid-for-Trade country fact 
sheets for the partner countries that responded to the joint OECD/WTO questionnaire.  Aid for Trade 
reached US$25.4 billion in 2007, an increase of US$4. 3 billion from the level in 2005.  This increase 
was not at the expense of other areas of trade-rela ted technical assistance.  Most of the increase – 
US$2.9 billion – is being used in infrastructure projects in Africa.  
57. The Review took stock of overall progress since the launch of the Aid-for-Trade initiative in 
2005 and highlighted the need for additional and substantive commitments from donors.  Key issues 
identified as priorities for future work were the need to maintain momentum on commitments post-
2010, reinforce the regional dimension of Aid for Trad e, enhance the role of the private sector in the 
Aid-for-Trade initiative, and focus attention to wards evaluating the impact of Aid-for-Trade 
interventions in developing countries. 
58. At the Second Global Review, new pledges we re made by four Members superseding or 
complementing those made at the Hong Kong Minist erial Conference in 2005.  Japan pledged to 
provide US$12 billion in Aid for Trade between 2009- 2011.  This supersedes  its Hong Kong pledge 
to provide US$10 billion over the period 2006-2008.  Three EU Member States made individual 
pledges.  The Netherlands pledged to provide at least €550 million per year in Aid for Trade, France 
pledged to provide €850 million from 2010, and the UK has pledged to spend approximately 
£1 billion a year between 2009 and 2011 to enhance growth and trade in poorer countries.  These 
pledges complement the collective commitment made in Hong Kong by the EU and its Member States 
to provide €2 billion annually by 2010 on trad e-related assistance.  At the 2005 Hong Kong 
Ministerial Conference, the United States also pledged to reach a target of US$2.7 billion in annual Aid-for-Trade expenditure by 2010.  At the G20 Pittsburgh Summit held in September 2009, 
Ministers reaffirmed commitments to meet th eir Millennium Development Goals and respective 
Official Development Assistance pledges on, inter alia , Aid for Trade, especially to sub-Saharan 
Africa, to 2010 and beyond. 
59. The WTO Secretariat, in consultation with Memb ers and partner organizations, is preparing a 
new Work Programme on Aid for Trade that pr ovides a framework for activities over the period 
2009-2011.  The Work Programme notes that recove ry from the global recession makes Aid-for-
Trade imperative.  The aim of the Work Programme is therefore to maintain the momentum generated 
in the Aid-for-Trade initiative since the Hong Kong Ministerial Conference and, in line with the 
outcomes of the Second Global Review, it focuses around five main headings:  resource mobilization;  mainstreaming;  implementation (with a particular  focus on the regional dimension);  monitoring and 
evaluation;  and engaging the private sector.   
                                                     
 
13 World Tourism Organization, Press release:  "Increasing Confidence in 2010 recovery for the 
tourism sector", 2 October 2009. 
14 The report of the Second Global Review is reproduced in document WT/COMTD/AFT/W/15. WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-20  
 
2. Trade financing  
60. Shortages of trade finance facilities for developing countries were reported increasingly in the 
second-half of 2008 and are believed to  have peaked in the winter of 2008.  African countries appear 
to have been particularly affected by severe shortage s in trade finance.  Acco rding to a survey by the 
African Development Bank, trade finance transactio ns have collapsed by over 50 per cent since the 
beginning of 2009 in Africa (out of total annua l turnover of US$100 billion), Nigeria being the 
hardest hit.  Governments set about increasing the capacity of public-backed institutions (national 
export credit agencies and multilateral development banks ) to shoulder some of the risk and liquidity 
shortage experienced by commercial banks.  Between  the first G20 Summit in Washington and the 
subsequent Summit in London in April 2009, a num ber of developments took place:  (i) regional 
development banks and the IFC roughly doubled the limits for their trade finance facilitation 
programmes, from US$4 billion to US$8 billion;  (ii)  key export credit agencies started to intervene, 
namely Japan's NEXI, the US Eximbank and other Memb ers of the Berne Union;  and (iii) the idea of 
co-risk sharing between multilaterals and the private sect or emerged, in particular in the form of the 
creation of an IFC Global Trade Liquidity Fund. 
61. G20 Leaders agreed at their London Summit to  mobilize US$250 billion in short-term trade 
finance through a mix of liquidity-sharing agreements  and risk-mitigating instruments, to be provided 
by export credit agencies (mainly insurance, to a lesser extent liquidity in the form of working 
capital), regional development banks (liquidity  and insurance under trade finance facilitation 
programmes) and the IFC (liquidity-sharing agreements ).  The aim was to allow traders of all sizes 
and every region to recover access to some form of financing at affordable cost during this difficult 
period.  The G20 also called on bank regulators to  use the flexibilities contained in the Basle II 
framework to help ease the market conditions for trade finance.   
62. At the G20 Summit in Pittsburgh in Septembe r 2009, implementation of the trade finance 
package was found to be reasonably successful in pr oviding the market with additional capacity.  The 
G20 expert group monitoring this initiative fo und that more than US$250 billion had been 
mobilized
15, and that some 70 per cent of the capacity mob ilized had been used in the first six months 
of the the initiative.16  Large countries have been able to mobilize their export credit agencies – the 
United States, EU, Japan, Canada, Korea, China – to  help compensate for shortages of trade finance 
from traditional, commercial bank sources.  However, while liquidity for new lending is meeting demand from large exporters, there are concerns that  the full impact of the G20 package has not yet 
been felt by smaller exporters from Central Americ a, Africa, Eastern Europe, Central Asia and low-
income countries in East Asia who, in additi on to facing difficulties in accessing trade finance 
facilities, are also facing an upward re-pricing of risk ;  insurance costs are est imated to have risen up 
to 200-400 basis points and to have incr eased markedly the cost of trade.   
63. At the 15 September 2009 meeting of the Direct or-General's Expert Group on Trade Finance, 
it was felt that although the outlook for global trade finance was brighter than six months ago, the 
situation had not yet returned to normal.  As a result, the Director-Gener al has asked the G20 to 
ensure that the trade finance packag e is focused on the end-users that need it the most.  In particular, 
the IFC's Global Trade Liquidity Programme should be directed to allow liquidity to be granted in 
priority to parts of the world where the private-sector banks have not yet resumed their pre-crisis levels of activity.  Partner banks that have signe d onto the IFC's Programme should be asked to be 
quicker to finance projects, in particular for SMEs in both developed and developing countries. 
                                                     
 
15 Close to US$100 billion in new capacity , when divided by the roll-over factor. 
16 The amount utilized in the six months betw een London and Pittsburgh is US$71 billion.    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-21  
 
II. TRADE AND TRADE-RELATED POLICY DEVELOPMENTS  
64. The Director-General has reported regularly to WTO Members on trade and trade-related 
policy developments in the context of the global financial and economic crises.
17  These reports have 
all recorded policy slippages towards more trade r estriction on the part of many countries, which 
compares unfavourably with the situation prevailing prior to the crises when the balance of trade 
measures worldwide lay firmly for several years on the side of trade opening actions. 
65. Nonetheless, the WTO Secretariat calculates that new import restrictions introduced between 
October 2008 and October 2009 cover no more than 1 per cent of global trade flows at a maximum  
(Table 2).18  It is important to emphasize that this re presents the trade coverage of the measures, it 
does not  indicate the size of the reduction in trade cau sed by the measures which, other than in the 
case of prohibitively high restrictions, is considerably  less.  Calculating trade effects can only be done 
sensibly on a measure-by-measure basis, and even then the result depends critically on assumptions 
made about demand elasticities for the products involved. 
66. Annex 1 provides a compilation of all trade a nd trade-related measures introduced by WTO 
Members and Observer Governments since October 2008 .  It illustrates cases of increases in tariffs 
and the introduction of a number of new non-tariff measures (such as non-automatic import licences).  
Over the year there have also been reports from tr aders (although difficult to s ubstantiate) of generally 
stricter application of SPS and TBT regulations in some markets, and of slower customs procedures 
and additional procedural requirements in the admi nistration of existing trade measures in others.  
67. Some Members have increased tariffs and non-tariff barriers across a relatively wide range of 
imports, but most seem to have limited their policy actions to a small number of products.  
Agricultural products, iron and steel, footwear, text iles and clothing, consumer electronics, chemical 
and plastic products, and motor vehicles and parts have been the most affected overall by these 
measures. 
68. Annex 1(a) shows that there has been also so me evidence of improvement in the trade policy 
environment, with several economies introducin g trade-opening and facilitating measures.  For 
example, Australia, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, Chin a, Ecuador, Egypt, India,  Indonesia, Kazakhstan, 
Malaysia, Mexico, the Philippines, the Russian Fe deration, South Africa, and Viet Nam introduced 
cuts in import duties, fees and surcharges and the removal of non-tariff barriers on various products, 
and China and Malaysia removed some restrictions  on trade in certain services sectors.  Although 
some of these countries also rai sed trade restrictions (mostly import tariffs) during the period under 
review, it is a welcome sign that their governments are attentive to the beneficial role that lowering 
trade restrictions can play in current circumstances, by reducing consumer prices and producer costs, 
stimulating aggregate demand and helping to reverse the contraction of global trade. 
69. During the period under review, some WTO Members have informed the Secretariat of the 
termination of a number of trade remedy measures, which is also reflected in Annex 1.  During this period, 65 anti-dumping duties were terminated, and 14 anti-dumping investigations ended without a 
measure. 
                                                     
 
17 WTO documents JOB(09)/2 of 26 January 2009, WT/TPR/OV/W/1 of 20 April 2009, and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/2 of 15 July 2009. 
18 Secretariat calculations are based on the following methodology:  (i) Only trade measures that are 
actually in force are covered;  these measures are listed in  Annex 1 of this Report.  Measures that have simply 
been proposed, or that have not yet cleared the domestic legislative proce ss, are not included.  (ii) Where two 
measures (e.g. an anti-dumping and a countervailing duty) exist for the sa me country and the same product, 
import figures are only counted once.  (iii) The value of tr ade covered is counted at the six-digit tariff line level, 
which is the most disaggregated level available from UN Comtrade.  For many import restrictions, this 
overstates  the value of trade affected by the measure, pote ntially by quite a lot;  for example, an anti-dumping 
duty may only affect highly specific products from just a few firms.      WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-22  
 
70. Annexes 2 and 3 provide factual information on the general economic stimulus measures and 
the specific measures for financial institutions.  Most of these measures were undertaken at the 
beginning of the review period.  Monitoring the impact on trade of fiscal stimulus programmes and 
industrial and financial s upport programmes presents a particular challenge because of the paucity of 
data available, in particular on the specifics of how these programmes are being implemented.  
Concerns have been raised by some governme nts and businesses about "buy/invest/lend/hire local" 
requirements that have been attached officially or unofficially to some of these programmes.  Because 
of their evident nationalistic appeal in current circ umstances, there is a particular danger that these 
programmes could become targets for retaliation and proliferate.  Several new cases of "buy local" 
campaigns, usually at local government levels, have  been reported in the press throughout the year. 
Table 2 
Value of trade covered by new trade measures, October 2008-October 2009 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description HS codes US$ million Share in total 
affected imports Share in total 
world imports 
Total world imports  16,011,892   
Total affected imports   161,339 100.0 1.01 
Agricultural products 01-24 57,199 35.5 0.36 
Minerals 25-27 7,308 4.5 0.05 
Chemicals & products 28-38 6,451 4.0 0.04 
Plastics & rubber 39-40 6,629 4.1 0.04 
Hides and skins, leather, etc. 41-43 205 0.1 0.00 
Paperboard, fibreboard of wood 44-49 1,642 1.0 0.01 
Textile, clothing and foot wear 50-67 11, 267 7.0 0.07 
Ceramic, glassware 68-70 342 0.2 0.00 
Precious stones, etc. 71 19 0.0 0.00 
Base metals & products 72-83 47,165 29.2 0.29 
   (Iron and steel)  (72-73) (45,514) (28.2) (0.28) 
   (Other base metals) (74-83) (1,651) (1.0) (0.01) 
Machinery and mechanical appliances 84-85 14,975 9.3 0.09 
Transport equipment 86-89 4,893 3.0 0.03 
Precision materials 90-92 2,436 1.5 0.02 
Other manufactured products 93-97 808 0.5 0.01 
Note: Excluding Korea's fuel imports. 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, ba sed on UNSD Comtrade database. 
71. There is no indication, in the period under c onsideration, of a generalized introduction of 
additional restrictions to trade in services.  In so me sectors, notably in the telecommunication and ICT 
industries, there is evidence to suggest that most  governments continue to adopt measures to open 
markets with a view to enhancing competitiveness.      WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-23  
 
A. T
RADE MEASURES  
1. Tariffs 
72. Although some Members have raised applied MFN tariffs since the crisis began, such 
increases have been relatively rare when consider ed across the whole WTO membership, even where 
significant gaps between bound and applied rates ha ve provided scope for increases.  In the United 
States, European Communities (EC), Japan, China, I ndia, Brazil and South Africa the overall trend in 
applied  MFN rates continues to be downwards and this  trend has not been reversed by the crisis 
(Tables 3 and 4). 
73. In the United States, EC and Japan, where applie d MFN tariffs are generally at or close to 
bound rates, the simple averages of applied MF N rates for all products in 2008 were down to 
4.8 per cent in the United States, 6.1 per cent in Jap an, and 6.7 per cent in the EC, making an overall 
average of 5.9 per cent, compared with 8.5 per cen t in 1996.  Nonetheless, these averages tend to 
underestimate the level of tariff protection.  In par ticular, they do not include specific duties for which 
ad valorem  equivalents are not available, as in the EC and Japan, and which tend to conceal tariff 
"peaks".  Moreover, they disguise the fact that agricultural products and textiles and clothing are 
subject to much higher average applied MFN ta riff rates of 14.6 per cent and 8.0 per cent, 
respectively, in developed country Members.   
Table 3 
Structure of MFN tariffs in the United States, the European Communities, and Japan  
(Per cent) 
  United Statesa European Community Japan 
  MFN applied MFN a pplied MFN applied 
    1996 2002 2008 F.B.b 1995c 2002 2008 F.B.d 1996e 2002e 2008e F.B.d 
1 Bound tariff lines 
(per cent of all tariff lines) 100.0f 100.0f 100.0f 100.0f .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.9 98.9 98.8 98.8 
2 Simple average rate 6.4 5.1 4.8 4.7 10.2 6.4 6.7 6.8 9.0 6.9 6.1 6.2 
    WTO agricultural products 10.3 9.8 8.9 8.9 24.5 16.1 17.9 17.9 .. 20.1 17.1 17.4 
  WTO non-agricultural 
 products 5.7 4.2 4.0 4.0 6.9 4.1 4.0 4.2 .. 3.9 3.5 3.6 
      Textiles and clothing 11.5 9.7 9.1 9.1 10.4 8.4 8.0 8.0 8.7 7.0 6.7 6.6 
  ISIC 1 - Agriculture, 
 hunting and fishing 7.1 5.6 5.5 5.6 .. 9.3 9.3 9.6 .. 7.2 5.0 5.0 
  ISIC 2 - Mining 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.3 .. 0.2 0.2 0.3 .. 0.1 0.1 0.1 
  ISIC 3 - Manufacturing 6.4 5.1 4.8 4.7 .. 6.3 6.7 6.8 .. 6.9 6.3 6.3 
  First stage of processing 4.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 .. 7.6 8.1 8.8 .. 9.2 8.1 8.1 
  Semi-processed products 6.5 4.7 4.2 4.2 .. 4.9 5.0 5.1 .. 4.8 4.7 4.7 
  Fully processed products 6.5 5.5 5.3 5.2 .. 7.0 7.3 7.4 .. 7.8 6.6 6.6 
3 Duty free tariff lines (per cent 
of all tariff lines) 18.2 31.2 36.4 37.4 9.4 21.5 25.3 24.4 34.9 36.7 41.4 40.6 
4 Tariff quotas (per cent of all 
tariff lines) 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 3.3 3.1 4.8 4.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 
5 Non- ad valorem  tariffs (per 
cent of all tariff lines) 14.1 12.2 10.7 11.0 10.2 9.7 10.1 10.1 7.1 7.1 6.7 6.4 
6 Non- ad valorem  tariffs with 
no AVEs (per cent of all tariff lines) 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.0 2.6 2.7 2.7 .. 1.2 1.4 1.5 
7 Domestic tariff "peaks" (per 
cent of all tariff lines)g 4.0 5.3 6.9 6.8 4.0 5.2 5.3 5.6 .. 6.0 6.6 6.6 
8 International tariff "peaks" 
(per cent of all tariff lines)h 8.9 6.3 5.2 5.2 11.0 7.7 8.4 8.7 .. 7.6 7.5 7.6 
9 Overall standard deviation of 
tariff rates 13.4 12.3 11.9 11.8 16.5 11.3 14.1 14.2 40.8 32.6 19.9 20.1 
10 Nuisance applied rates (per 
cent of all tariff lines)i 8.9 12.6 7.2 7.0 1.0 12.9 9.6 9.7 .. 6.1 1.3 1.2 
.. Not available.  
F.B.  Final bound.  WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-24  
 
a The United States levies its ad valorem duties on the basis of the "f.o.b." ("free on board") price, thereby excluding the costs of 
insurance and freight.  By contrast, most other WT O Members, including the EC, Japan and Canada, levy ad valorem  import 
duties on the "c.i.f." price, which includes these costs.  As the c.i.f. price exceeds the f.o.b. price by the amount of insura nce and 
freight costs, a  tariff levied on the f.o.b. price affords less protection than one levied at the same rate on the c.i.f. pric e. 
b Based on 2006 tariff schedule. 
c  Pre-Uruguay Round tariff. d Based on 2008 tariff schedule. 
e Fiscal year, valid from 1 April. 
f Two lines, applying to crude petroleum, are not bound. g Domestic tariff peaks are defined as those exceeding three times the overall simple average applied rate. 
h Tariff peaks are defined as those exceeding 15 per cent. 
i  Nuisance rates are those greater than zer o, but less than or equal to 2 per cent. 
Note: All calculations exclude "in quota" rates.  Ad valorem equi valents (AVEs) of non-ad valorem duties are used insofar as th ey are 
available.  Where AVEs are not available, the ad valorem tariff component is used for compound and alternate rates. 
Source : WTO Secretariat calculations, base d on data provided by the Members. 
Table 4 
Structure of MFN tariffs in selected developing countries 
(Per cent) 
  China India Brazil South Africa 
  MFN applied MFN applied MFN applied MFN applied 
    1996 2002 2009 F.B.a 1997e 2001e 2008e F.B.b 2000 2002 2008 F.B.c 1997 2002 2009 F.B.d 
1 Bound tariff lines (per cent of all 
tariff lines) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .. 73.3 75.2 75.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.3 96.2 95.1 95.1 
2 Simple average rate 23.6 12.2 9.5 9.9 35.3 32.3 12.2 48.6 13.7 12.3 11.5 30.2 15.0 11.4 8.1 20.3 
   WTO agricultural products 33.8 18.2 15.2 15.3 35.2 40.7 34.6 117.0 12.6 11.5 10.1 35.2 9.4 9.6 10.1 41.8 
   WTO non-agricultural 
 products 22.1 11.2 8.6 9.0 35.4 31.0 8.9 34.7 13.8 12.4 11.6 29.6 15.7 11.6 7.8 16.7 
      Textiles and clothing 32.8 17.5 11.5 11.5 43.7 31.3 9.6 29.3 20.3 18.7 25.1 34.7 35.1 24.4 21.2 27.8 
   ISIC 1 - Agriculture, hunting 
 and fishing 25.2 13.1 11.1 11.3 26.7 32.9 29.7 94.0 9.3 8.3 7.1 33.9 5.5 5.3 3.7 21.0 
   ISIC 2 - Mining 5.7 2.5 1.9 2.8 25.5 21.3 4.9 36.1 6.2 4.8 3.1 34.2 1.4 0.7 0.8 1.5 
   ISIC 3 - Manufacturing 23.9 12.3 9.5 9.9 36.1 32.5 11.3 45.5 14.0 12.6 11.8 30.0 15.6 11.8 8.5 20.6 
   First stage of processing 20.4 11.2 9.5 9.9 25.6 29.3 22.9 76.6 9.0 8.0 6.9 34.0 5.0 4.8 3.6 16.6 
   Semi-processed products 17.0 9.5 7.1 7.3 35.7 32.3 8.6 40.9 11.9 10.5 9.3 26.1 18.6 12.9 6.0 15.3 
   Fully processed products 27.8 13.8 10.8 11.3 37.3 33.0 12.5 48.2 15.8 14.3 13.9 32.5 13.7 11.2 10.2 24.0 
3 Duty free tariff lines (per cent of 
all tariff lines) 1.9 4.9 9.4 7.6 1.4 1.1 2.8 2.9 1.5 5.6 8.3 0.7 42.4 43.4 54.4 11.6 
4 Tariff quotas (per cent of all 
tariff lines) .. 0.8 0.6 0.6 .. .. .. .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 .. 4.2 3.8 4.6 4.6 
5 Non- ad valorem  tariffs (per cent 
of all tariff lines) 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.2 5.3 6.0 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.6 25.0 3.2 0.0 
6 Non- ad valorem  tariffs with no 
AVEs (per cent of all tariff 
lines) 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.2 5.3 6.0 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 25.6 25.0 0.8 0.0 
7 Domestic tariff "peaks" (per cent 
of all tariff lines)f 1.1 1.8 2.0 2.4 0.2 1.3 2.4 6.4 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 4.0 3.9 8.5 2.8 
8 International tariff "peaks" 
(per cent of all tariff lines)g 55.2 29.0 14.8 15.9 90.5 93.9 12.0 96.0 41.3 40.1 26.3 97.4 39.3 34.8 20.8 46.4 
9 Overall standard deviation of 
tariff rates 17.4 9.1 7.4 7.6 14.5 13.0 14.7 39.0 6.7 6.9 8.3 8.0 17.8 12.6 11.1 23.8 
10 Nuisance applied rates (per cent 
of all tariff lines)h 1.0 2.0 2.7 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.8 2.1 18.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 
 
  Korea, Rep. of Malaysia Mexico 
  MFN applied MFN applied MFN applied 
    1996 2004 2008 F.B.d 1997 2004 2009 F.B. 1998 2004 2009 F.B.d 
1 Bound tariff lines (per cent of all 
tariff lines) .. 91.5 90.8 90.8 .. .. .. 80.6 .. .. 100.0 100.0 
2 Simple average rate 14.4 12.8 12.8 17.1 8.1 8.6 7.4 15.6 13.3 15.9 9.7 36.0 
  WTO agricultural products 56.1 52.2 53.5 62.5 3.9 2.9 2.8 11.0 20.4 24.8 20.7 45.0 
  WTO non-agricultural  products 7.7 6.7 6.5 9.3 8.6 9.3 7.9 16.5 12.6 14.9 8.5 35.0 
      Textiles and clothing 7.8 9.8 9.7 18.4 17.5 12.5 12.2 20.4 21.7 21.9 18.2 35.0 
  ISIC 1 - Agriculture,  hunting and 
fishing 51.9 48.1 48.1 59.8 0.6 0.4 0.7 7.1 13.6 17.4 11.9 33.1 
  ISIC 2 - Mining 2.7 2.7 2.4 4.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 8.1 8.6 11.5 4.3 35.0 
  ISIC 3 - Manufacturing 12.0 10.6 10.5 14.6 9.7 10.2 8.7 16.2 13.3 15.8 9.6 36.1 
  First stage of processing 36.9 34.4 34.4 42.8 1.0 0.7 1.1 7.8 12.3 15.8 10.2 33.5 
  Semi-processed products 11.1 9.2 8.8 10.9 7.0 9.0 8.7 16.9 10.3 12.5 6.4 35.6 
  Fully processed products 11.2 10.2 10.2 15.4 11.9 11.5 9.1 16.3 15.3 17.9 11.7 36.6 
Table 4 (cont'd)    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-25  
 
  Korea, Rep. of Malaysia Mexico 
  MFN applied MFN applied MFN applied 
    1996 2004 2008 F.B.d 1997 2004 2009 F.B. 1998 2004 2009 F.B.d 
3 Duty free tariff lines (per cent of all 
tariff lines) 2.0 13.3 15.9 15.5 57.7 57.9 60.3 5.7 14.6 5.1 22.4 0.2 
4 Tariff quotas (per cent of all tariff 
lines) .. 1.7 1.7 1.7 .. .. 0.2 .. .. .. .. .. 
5 Non-ad valorem tariffs (per cent of 
all tariff lines) 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 4.4 0.7 0.8 4.7 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.9 
6 Non-ad valorem tariffs with no AVEs 
(per cent of all tariff lines) 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 4.4 0.7 0.8 4.7 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.9 
7 Domestic tariff "peaks" (per cent of 
all tariff lines)f 2.3 2.5 2.6 3.0 15.8 9.2 11.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 5.0 0.7 
8 International tariff "peaks" (per cent 
of all tariff lines)g 8.7 8.9 8.9 19.7 25.9 23.3 22.2 45.2 21.8 41.4 19.7 98.8 
9 Overall standard deviation of tariff 
rates 57.2 52.0 52.1 54.9 13.9 15.4 11.5 12.3 13.5 15.1 14.8 13.5 
10 Nuisance applied rates (per cent of 
all tariff lines)h 2.6 2.7 1.9 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
.. Not available 
F.B. Final bound. 
a Based on 2009 tariff schedule. 
b Based on 2006 tariff schedule; including partially bound rates. 
c Based on 2005 tariff schedule. d Based on 2008 tariff schedule. 
e Fiscal year, valid from 1st April. 
f Domestic tariff peaks are defined as those exceeding three times the overall simple average applied rate. 
g International tariff peaks are defined as those exceeding 15 per cent. 
h Nuisance rates are those greater than zero, but less than or equal to 2 per cent. 
Note: All calculations exclude "in quota" rates.  Ad valorem equi valents (AVEs) of non-ad valorem duties are used insofar as th ey are 
available.  Where AVEs are not available, the ad valorem tariff component is used for compound and alternate rates. 
Source : WTO Secretariat calcula tions, based on data provideed by the Members. 
74. Tariffs tend to be higher on average in devel oping countries, but they too have been falling 
and in some important cases rapidly so.  Since 1996,  simple average applied MFN tariff rates have 
been cut by between one-half and two-thirds in China, India and South Africa, where they have 
reached 9.5 per cent, 12.2 per cent and 8.1 per cent,  respectively.  In Brazil the average has also 
dropped, to 11.5 per cent, making an overall average of 10.1 per cent for these four countries.  Whereas agricultural products entering China and India face tariffs that are, on average, roughly two 
to four times those applied to manufactured imports , in Brazil and South Africa, agricultural products 
are subject to roughly the same or even substantia lly lower tariffs than those applied to manufactured 
products.  Brazil and South Africa, and to a lesser exte nt China, levy relatively high tariffs on textiles 
and clothing products. 
75. Despite these encouraging trends, tariffs remain  an important obstacle to international trade 
and a distortion to competition, and therefore a dr ag on economic development.  Even in developed 
countries, where average MFN tariff rates are seemingl y low, tariff "peaks" in certain sectors create 
domestic dead-weight and net welfare losses and keep consumer prices unnecessarily high.  These 
domestic costs are incurred by developing countri es too, while high tariff protection constitutes an 
impediment to the expansion of South-South as well as North-South trade. 
2. Trade remedy measures 
76. After a long period of gradual decline from 2001 to 2007, the number of new anti-dumping
 
investigations increased in 2008.19  Between 1 July 2008 and 30 June 2009, WTO Members reported 
                                                      
19 The number of anti-dumping investigation initiations increased by 28 per cent (209 initiations) 
compared with 2007 (163).  Investigations involving the same product from more than one country are counted 
as separate and distinct cases. WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-26  
 
the initiation of 217 new anti-dumping inves tigations, a 15 per cent increase over the 
189 investigations initiated over the previous year-on-year period. 
77. The number of anti-dumping initiations decreased in the first quarter of 2009 compared with 
the fourth quarter of 2008 (Chart 7), but it has steadily increased since then .  Historically, more 
investigations are initiated in the second half of a year  compared with the first half.  Furthermore, as 
the impact of the economic downturn on the pe rformance of domestic producers becomes more 
widely felt, it seems likely that anti-dumping initiations will continue to increase in the last quarter of 
2009.
20 
59
5576
44
020406080100
08 Q4 09 Q1 09 Q2 09 Q3Chart 7
Anti-dumping initiations, Q4 2008 - Q3 2009
Initiations
Quarter
Source:  WTO Secretariat.
 
78. Chart 8 shows the product break-down of an ti-dumping initiations be tween October 2008 and 
October 2009.  With 80 initiations out of the total of  247, metals have been the most targeted traded 
goods followed by chemicals (58) and plastics (30).  This picture is consistent with the historical 
trends in terms of the product br eak-down of anti-dumping initiations. 
 
                                                      
20 The total number of anti-dumping initiations in 2008 was 212.  As of 28 October 2009, 
171 initiations were recorded for the year.  The third quarter of 2009 registered 23 per cent more anti-dumping 
initiations than the same quarter in 2008.  Given the current trend, it would be reasonable to expect the total 
number of initiations in 2009 to be between 230 and 250, surpassing the 212 registered in 2008.    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-27  
 
Chart 8
Anti-dumping initiations by produc t category, October 2008 - October 2009
Source:  WTO Secretariat.Metals
80
Plastics
30 Chemicals
58Others
79
 
79. The number of anti-dumping investigations in itiated between 1995 and 2001 showed an 
increasing trend, with a peak of 366 initiations in 2001 (Chart 9).  The period between 2002 and 2007 
witnessed a strong downward trend, followed by an incr ease in 2008.  If the current pace of initiations 
continues, a slight increase could be registered for 2009.21  However, it is unlikely that total initiations 
for 2009 will reach the 1995-2008 annual average (245 initiations). 
80. Since 1995, developing countries have been the main users of anti-dumping actions.  They 
accounted for almost 80 per cent of all initiations  in the twelve-month period from October 2008, 
confirming the fact that their role in this area continu es to grow (Table 5).  It is notable, however, that 
the bulk of the investigations initiated by developi ng countries target other developing countries.  In 
the period under review, 77 per cent of initiations by  developing countries affect ed imports from other 
developing counties. 
                                                      
21 The 2009 data reflect the situation as of 28 October. WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-28  
 
157225243257356
292366
312
232
214
200 202
163212
171
050100150200250300350400
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Chart 9
Global anti-dumping initiations, 1995-2009
Initiations
Year
Source:  WTO Secretariat.
 
Table 5 
Trade remedy actions by country, October 2008-October 2009 
(Number of new investigations) 
Anti-dumping investigations 
(main users) Countervailing duty investigations Safeguard investigationsa 
(main users) 
Country Initiations Country In itiations Country Initiations 
India 63 United States 15 India 16 
Argentina 29 EC 5 Turkey 6 
Pakistan 27 China 3 Ukraine 3 
China 26 Peru 3 Dominican Rep. 2 
United States 21 Australia 2 Philippines 2 
EC 19 Canada 1 Morocco 2 
Indonesia 12 India 1 Kyrgyz Republic 2 
Turkey 11   Jordan 2 
Brazil 8     
Australia 7     
a: Including China – specific safeguards pr ovided for in Section 16 of the Protocol  of Accession of China to the WTO. 
Source : WTO Secretariat. 
81. Chart 10 shows the econometric model presented in  the monitoring report of 15 July 2009 and 
illustrates its relation with the actual number of  anti-dumping initiations so far in 2009 (until 
28 October).  The model had predicted ar ound 400 initiations for 2009.  171 anti-dumping 
investigations were initia ted as of 28 October 2009. 
    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-29  
 
Chart 10
Predicted and actual number of  anti-dumping measures, 1982-2009
0100200300400500600
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009*
AD initiati ons Lower 95% confidence 
Predicted AD initiations Upper 95% confidence interval
Source :  WTO Secretariat.As of 28 October 2009Count
 
82. The number of initiations of countervailing duty  (CVD) investigations has also increased 
significantly over the last four quarters (Chart 11).  Historically, countervailing measures have been 
used much less frequently than anti-dumping m easures, and consequently their impact on 
international trade has been less significant.  Th e sharp increase that has taken place more recently 
merits attention.  Most of the recent CVD cases ha ve been initiated simultaneously with anti-dumping 
investigations against the same products  originating in the same countries. 
83. Twenty-eight CVD investigations have been  initiated so far in 2009, including five in 
October.  The third quarter of 2009 has regi stered a 115 per cent increase in CVD initiations 
compared with the same period in  2008.  If the current trends continue for the remainder of 2009, 
there could be a new record of CVD initiations  surpassing the 41 initiations recorded in 1999. 
84. CVD investigations continue to cover a wide ra nge of products.  However, as in past periods, 
the majority of investigations during the period under review covered me tals, with 12 initiations, 
followed by plastics and chemicals, with four and three initiations, respectively.  Unlike anti-dumping 
investigations, CVD investigations  are being conducted mainly by developed countries (a total of 
23 between October 2008 and October 2009) compared with developing countries (7).  There are no 
important changes in the historical trends in this regard. 
85. Safeguard initiations have also increased signifi cantly in 2009 (Chart 12).  Initiations started 
to increase significantly in the fourth quarter of 200 8.  Up to 28 October 2009, the second-highest 
number of safeguard initiations since 1995 was recorded , that is 26 initiations compared to the record 
high of 34 for the year 2002.  The number of initia tions in 2008 was 11.  The sectoral break-down of 
the 27 safeguard initiations in 2009 is: chemicals (7),  cement/glass/ceramics (6), animal products (3), 
metals (3), paper (3), textiles (2), vegetable produc ts (1), foodstuffs (1), and wood (1).  Chemicals 
have traditionally been the most affected by safeguard initiations.  While the number of China-
specific safeguard initiations have traditionally b een far less than safeguards initiated in accordance 
with the Safeguards Agreement (which is origin -neutral), there have been six China-specific 
safeguard initiations in 2009 (up to 28 October). WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-30  
 
13
7
23
051015
08 Q4 09 Q1 09 Q2 09 Q3Chart 11
CVD initiations, Q4 2008 - Q3 2009
Initiations
Quarter
Source:  WTO Secretariat.
 
8
69 9
0246810
08 Q4 09 Q1 09 Q2 09 Q3Chart 12
Safeguard initiations, Q4 2008 - Q3 2009
Initiations
Quarter
Source:  WTO Secretariat.
    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-31  
 
3. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures 
86. The SPS Agreement provides several mechanis ms to monitor the imposition of trade 
restrictions.  All WTO Members are obliged to pr ovide an advance notification of proposed new SPS 
requirements, except for measures ta ken in response to emergency situ ations for which notification is 
to be provided immediately upon taking the measure.  Other Members have the opportunity to 
comment on these notified measures, both directly to the notifying Member and/or by raising the issue 
at a regular meeting of the SPS Committee.  The WTO Secretariat has no information regarding how 
many comments are submitted in response to notifications, nor the responses given to these 
comments.  It is not possible to monitor SPS measure s that are imposed by Members but not notified.  
From 1 October 2008 through 1 October 2009, 633 regular notifications and 95 emergency 
notifications were submitted by Members.  This  compares with 782 regular notifications and 
107 emergency notifications for the same period in 2007-08. 
87. Any Member can raise a specific trade concern at any of the three regular meetings of the SPS 
Committee each year.  In the th ree Committee meetings of Octobe r 2008 and March a nd June 2009, 
11 new trade concerns were raised.  Members have i ndicated their intention to raise five new issues at 
the October 2009 meeting;  a similar number of  new trade concerns were raised between 
October 2007 and October 2008 (18). 
88. One issue that was raised for the first time in June 2008 and which continues to be of concern 
is the number of trade restrictions imposed on live pigs, pork and pork products in response to the outbreak of the influenza A(H1N1) virus.  Despite repeated assuran ces from the relevant international 
standard-setting organizations, the World Organiza tion for Animal Health (OIE), the UN Food and 
Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the World Health  Organization (WHO), that this virus cannot be 
transmitted to humans via the consumption of proper ly prepared pork meat or products, a number of 
WTO Members have imposed (and a few of them still maintain) restrictions on imports of these products, and sometimes on additional products, fro m WTO Members who report high incidences of 
the virus in humans, or any occurrence in pigs.
22  It is of serious concern that only five WTO 
Members have notified a total of nine import restrictions to the WTO, while other sources of 
information reported that almost 60 countries have imposed some measures since the outbreak of the 
disease.  This indicates lack of transparency of most of the measures, and has prevented Members 
from consulting with each other in the SPS Comm ittee on the scientific justification for the 
restrictions.   
89. One concern that has been raised with increasing frequency in the SPS Committee is the 
failure of various WTO Members to base their im port requirements on the relevant internationally 
developed standards, in particular with regard to  certain animal diseases such as bovine spongiform 
encephalopathy (BSE or "mad cow" disease), f oot-and-mouth disease, and avian influenza.  
According to the SPS Agreement, a WTO Member ma y impose requirements that exceed those of the 
relevant international standards only where they ha ve undertaken an appropriate risk assessment and 
have scientific evidence to demonstrate that the in ternational standard would not provide sufficient 
health protection.  In what appears to be a gr owing number of situations, however, Members do not 
accept imports on the basis of the international standa rds but have not provided the required scientific 
justification. 
4. Technical barriers to trade (TBT) 
90. Two aspects of the TBT Committee's work are rele vant to the surveillance and monitoring of 
regulatory measures that have an effect on interna tional trade: (i) Members' notifications of draft 
regulations, and (ii) the discussion of potential or  actual trade effects of these measures in the 
Committee (referred to as "specific trade c oncerns").  During the period October 2008 to 
                                                      
22 However, more countries have been lifting these trade restrictions recently than imposing new ones. WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-32  
 
October 2009 both the number of notifications made to the Secretariat and the number of specific trade concerns raised for discussion increased s ubstantially compared with the same period the 
previous year (1,450 notifications during the revi ew period, against 1,274 over the period October 
2007 to October 2008;  and 127 specific trade c oncerns raised during the period under review 
compared with 90 during the preceding period). 
91. Members are obliged to make a notification to  the WTO if a proposed measure may have a 
significant effect on trade of other Members.  The higher numbers of notifications thus signal either 
an increase in regulatory activity or an improved impl ementation of the Agreement.  The data show a 
significant increase in the proportion of notified draf t technical regulations and conformity assessment 
procedures from developing country Members:  nearly  80 per cent of  the notifications submitted in 
the period under review came from developing countries (the corresponding figure for previous 
periods was below 70 per cent).  This rise is mainly driven by countries in East Asia and Africa.  The 
increase in Asia comes from growth in Chinese TBT notif ications and is part of a longer term trend in 
the increase in the number of technical regulations which has lasted for about five years.  The increase in TBT notifications from Africa is new, and is  mainly underpinned by notifications submitted by 
Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. 
92. Members use the TBT Committee as a forum to discuss issues related to specific measures 
(technical regulations, standards or conformity assessm ent procedures) maintained by other Members.  
These specific trade concerns relate normally to proposed draft measures notified to the TBT Committee or to the implementation of existing measur es.  Members  have underlined the value of the 
Committee's discussions on specific trade concerns, which provide an opportunity for a multilateral 
review that enhances the transparency and predic tability of standards, t echnical regulations and 
conformity assessment procedures.  The significant in crease in specific trade concerns raised in the 
TBT Committee over the last few years, including du ring the period being reviewed, is to a certain 
extent an indication of the increased participation of  Members in the work of the TBT Committee;  it 
may also indicate an enhanced awareness of the importance of the implementation of the requirements 
of the TBT Agreement.  The most frequently invoked reason for raising a concern in the TBT 
Committee is the need for more information or clarif ication about the measure at issue.  Hence, the 
review of specific trade concerns in the Committee is an important mechanism that contributes to the 
WTO's monitoring of regulatory measures. 
5. Measures affecting trade in services 
93. The global financial and economic  crisis has not triggered significant new market access 
barriers to trade in services.  Most Members appear  to have maintained the general thrust of their 
services trade policies, while a few Members have even  engaged in further liberalization of individual 
service sectors or groups of sectors.  State interv ention in the form of financial bailouts, subsidy 
programmes or broader development plans for speci fic service sectors have become more common, 
but their potential effect on trade in services is still unclear. 
94. As noted in previous monitoring reports this year, most of the changes to policies governing 
inward and/or outward foreign investment (whi ch may affect the supply of services through 
commercial presence) have been aimed at increasing openness and clarity for investors.  The protection of local labour markets has given rise to incr eases in barriers to international migration, but 
not predominantly with respect to temporary movements, of which mode 4 of the GATS is a subset. Nevertheless, a trend seems to be appearing towa rds tightening the enforcement of current access 
schemes that include mode 4-related movements.  Fo r instance, available application channels have 
been reduced, criteria for applicants tighten ed, required documentation increased, and onsite 
compliance checks intensified.  It is difficult to say  if, and to what extent, such measures have been 
genuinely intended to rein in instances of fraud or mi suse, or if they are attempts to raise the hurdles 
to obtain access under such schemes.    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-33  
 
95. The telecommunications sector has continued to weather the crisis better than many other 
services industries, with demand for services remaining strong.  According to a recent ITU update, the 
mobile and satellite sectors have proved most r esilient and high-speed fixed and mobile broadband 
subscriptions have seen sustained growth worldwide.
23  Nevertheless, the financial side of the crisis 
has affected operators' ability to access capital and finance network inv estments. In some cases, this 
has slowed plans to roll out Next-Generation Netw orks.  The overall health of the telecommunication 
sector during the downturn has gone hand in hand with a relative resilience of the IT sector in general, 
particularly IT-enabled services.24 
96. Both the ITU and OECD reports note somewhat  of a hiatus in the decades-long rise in 
private-sector participation in the telecom sector . This has revived debate about the role of 
government in supporting infrastructure invest ment, particularly the roll-out of broadband.25  A World 
Bank study illustrates that many national stimulus -related legislative packages contain broadband 
incentives.26  It has become widely accepted that the ICT sector has a major role to play in generating 
global growth and financial recovery. However, ma ny reports and studies also caution governments to 
exercise prudence in how and where they direct spending, since efforts to pick "champions" can 
backfire in a sector that con tinues to witness rapid change. 
97. During the global crisis, thus far, most gove rnments have taken actions to support and 
strengthen competitive markets in telecommunications . Examples include maintenance of regulatory 
efforts in areas such as interconnection guarant ees, number portability and dominant operators 
safeguards.  An area where pro-competitive reform s have also begun in earnest concerns spectrum 
management procedures and practices.  As regards market access, in all but a tiny minority of cases, 
governments have continued apace in the issuance of licences to new entrants, most often in, but not 
entirely limited to, the mobile sector.   
98. In the transport sector as well, protectionist measures have remained a limited phenomenon.  
In maritime transport, for example, most government s have resisted protectionist calls from their local 
shipping industries.  Several support plans for the sector have, however, been implemented in some 
countries (e.g. Korea, China, Germany).  In the area  of air transport, bilateral agreements concluded 
over the past year have not been found to be more restrictive than previous arrangements.  Moreover, 
several open skies agreements have been signed ( notably by the United Arab Emirates), and a few 
Members have relaxed their nationa l ownership restrictions (e.g. Ca nada).  Rescue plans  involving 
state subsidies have been implemented by some Me mbers (e.g. China and Japan), while in other cases 
support by way of partial empty-seat reimbursement for both national and foreign companies has been 
granted so as to prop up not only air transpor t, but also the tourism sector (e.g. Egypt). 
B. TRADE POLICY REVIEWS  
99. This year marks the twentieth anniversary of the operation of the TPRM.  Between the first 
review meeting in December 1989 and end 2009, the Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB) will have 
conducted 305 trade policy reviews,  and covered 136 of 153 Member s, representing some 97 per cent 
of the share of world trade.  Since its establis hment, the TPRM has undergone repeated changes to 
meet its twin objectives of enhancing transparency  in, and understanding of, the trade policies and 
practices of Members.  Through this process of c ontinuous improvement, the TPRM has been able to 
                                                      
23 ITU, Confronting the Crisis: ICT Stimulus Plans for Economic Growth , Second Edition, 
October 2009 and OECD, Communications Outlook 2009 , September 2009. 
24 See, for example, UNCTAD , Information Economy Report 2009 , October 2009 and The Global 
Opportunity in IT-Based Services: Assessing and Enhancing Country Competitiveness , by Randeep Sudan, et 
al., World Bank, 2009. 
25 See Op. Cit., as well as OECD,  The Role Of Communication Infrastr ucture Investment In Economic 
Recovery , DSTI/ICCP/CISP(2009)1/FINAL, 19 May 2009. 
26 See Chiang, Christine Zhen-Wei , "Broadband Infrastructure Investment in Stimulus Packages: 
Relevance for Developing Countries", World Bank, 2009. WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-34  
 
maintain the effectiveness of its  surveillance function in the face of an expanding WTO membership, 
the wider scope and increasing depth of the multilatera l agenda, and the growing complexity of trade-
related measures. 
100. The latest appraisal of the operation of the TPRM by the TPRB concluded that the 
Mechanism was functioning effectively but that cha nges were required to enhance its value.  Thus, 
starting in January 2009, modifications have b een gradually introduced to the operation of the 
Mechanism, including to make better use of th e advance question-answer process, improve the 
Secretariat reports, and deploy more effectively the Secretariat resources.   
101. The Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB) conducted 21 country reviews in 2009.
27 
102. The four TPR reviews of Members in the Western Hemisphere  (Guatemala, Brazil, Guyana, 
and Chile) showed that economic growth had come hand-in-hand with macroeconomic stability, trade 
opening and growing integration in the global economy.  However, as the year progressed, the 
negative impact on trade and growth of the global financial and economic crises became increasingly 
apparent and of concern.  Members noted that a sustained commitment to open markets was essential to overcome the crisis, and that further progr ess was needed to reduce poverty and inequality. 
103. Members under review were commended for th eir liberalization efforts and support of the 
multilateral trading system, and were invited to bind those efforts in the WTO to enhance the predictability of their trade regimes and contribut e to the successful completion of the DDA.  The 
reviews also shed light on notifications to the WT O and areas where improvements were required.  In 
most cases trade liberalization had been pursued  through multiple avenues, with preferential 
agreements playing a particularly important role in several cases.   
104. Members commended reforms undertaken to fac ilitate trade and modernize customs, and 
noted favourably instances wh en trade remedy measures had been little used or not used at all.  On the 
other hand, they expressed concerns about the use of certain licensing requirements and prohibitions 
on imports.  They also showed particular interest in internal taxation systems, credit support schemes 
and export subsidies.  Likewise, Members paid close attention to transparency and the ability of 
agencies to carry out their functions effectively in areas such as competition policy, government 
procurement, non-tariff measures, and the protection of intellectual property rights.  Discussions of 
service sector reforms were a common feature of the reviews, especially in the telecommunications, financial and transport sectors. T hose and broader reform efforts were  seen as key ingredients of a 
successful development strategy. 
105. In the Asia-Pacific region
, Japan, Fiji, New Zealand, Solom on Islands, and the Maldives were 
reviewed in 2009.  Judging from those completed to  date, few Members in the Asia-Pacific region 
have adopted trade restrictive measures in response to the cris is, although some have introduced 
subsidies for certain worst-affected sectors.  Du ring the year subsidies have been provided to inter 
alia, banks (Japan), airlines (China and Japan), automobiles (Japan and Malaysia), electronics 
(Chinese Taipei and Japan) and computer chip ma nufacturers (Japan).  China has also provided 
consumption subsidies to rural households to purchase electrical products and cars. 
106. Most Members in the region have continue d to liberalize their trade and FDI regimes 
unilaterally and in the context of bilateral and regi onal trade agreements.  In some countries (notably 
Malaysia), the crisis provided a catalyst for libera lization, which is increasingly aimed at removing 
barriers to the development of the services sector.  Given the long-standing support for open trade by 
the preponderance of countries in the region, it is  no coincidence that Asia-Pacific appears to be 
emerging from the crisis more quickly than other regions. 
                                                      
27 WTO document WT/TPR/249 of 29 October 2009.    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-35  
 
107. The fiscal and financial measures taken to mitigat e the effects of the global crisis, for example 
in China, are helping not only to boost aggregate demand and stimulate economic recovery but also to 
reduce global macroeconomic imbalances.  In the past at least, these imbalances have been a source of 
trade tensions and contributed to protectionist sentim ent when they have gene rated the perception that 
they are the consequence of "unfair" competition pr actices.  More generally the crisis, notably the 
sharp drop in global demand, seems to have prompt ed Members whose growth was previously driven 
to a great extent by exports,  especially of manufactured goods, to re-evaluate their economic 
development strategies. 
108. Although some Members have raised a few applie d MFN tariffs since the global crisis broke, 
such instances have been rare.  TPRs undertaken this year have conf irmed that the overall trend in the 
region is downwards.  Some smalle r Members have reduced, or envisage taking steps to reduce, their 
reliance on tariffs as a source of tax revenue by replaci ng them with internal taxes that facilitate rather 
than impede trade, without loss of tax revenues. 
109. Export restraints are an important feature of the trade regimes in so me Members in this 
region, notably China.  The latter does not provide full rebates of VAT on exports (thereby implicitly 
taxing exports), imposes explicit export taxes on cer tain products, and bans exports of others.  
However, overall use of these restraints in the re gion does not appear to have increased during the 
past year;  in China, for example, some additiona l restraints have been introduced, but others have 
been reduced or eliminated. 
110. In its review of the EC
(27), the TPRB welcomed the steps taken to increase the level of 
transparency of the EC's decision-making process and of its unilateral agricultural reforms since 2003.  
The EC was urged to further liberalize agriculture through the simplification of its tariff structure and 
reduction of high rates of domestic support and export subsidies.  C oncerns were expressed about the 
recent reintroduction of export refunds on dairy product s by the EC, and about the complexity of its 
regulatory regime, including TBT (notably the REAC H system for chemicals) and SPS.  The EC's 
overall tariff structure has remained stable since 2006.   
111. The African  countries reviewed in 2009 (Mozambique, Morocco, Zambia, Botswana, 
Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Niger,  and Senegal) have con tinued liberalizing their 
economies, including their trade regimes.  In recent years, liberalization has taken place mainly through regional initiatives.  The reviews have shed  light on the steps taken by the countries towards 
the consolidation of their overlapping regional grou pings;  this has been made possible through the 
harmonization of sub-regional trade regimes (W AEMU and ECOWAS;  EAC, SACU, SADC, and 
COMESA;  and CAEMC and ECCAS).   
112. In general, the African countries' WTO comm itments on both goods and services have fallen 
short of their trade liberalization efforts.  Thro ugh structural/stabilization programmes, the countries 
have substantially liberalized their economies, in cluding their trade regimes.  Nonetheless, their 
multilateral tariff binding commitments are on ceili ng rates, and their recent unilateral/regional 
liberalization reforms further incr ease the margins between bound and applied rates.  On services too, 
the commitments are limited to few categories and m odes of supply;  they do not reflect the efforts 
made in Africa to substantially open key categori es of services, including banking, transport, mobile 
telephony, tourism, and professional services.   
113. The reviews helped to identify areas where African countries' applied regimes need to be 
further brought into line with their multilateral comm itments, including on tariffs and on notifications.  
They also highlighted the difficulties most African  countries are encountering to fully implement the 
WTO Agreement on Customs Valuation.   
114. Because of supply-side constraints, many African countries have made limited use of the non-
reciprocal preferences available to them.  This hi ghlights the importance, emphasized in several of the WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-36  
 
TPRs, of donors continuing to provide Aid for Trade notwithstanding their current difficult fiscal circumstances owing to the global crisis.   
115. Zambia's TPR provided Members with the opportunity to see a good example of one of the 
many African countries that, aided by donors, ha ve undertaken major ec onomic reforms aimed inter 
alia at opening up their economies.  Such reforms seem to have been largely unnoticed outside Africa.  
If Zambia and other LDCs in Africa and elsewhere ar e to continue with these reforms, they will need 
considerable additional technical assistance and other forms of aid for trade. 
C. R
EGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS  
116. Regional trade agreements (RTAs) continue to be an important and growing feature of the 
international trading system.  During October 2008  to October 2009, 25 RTAs including goods and 
services were notified to the WTO Secretariat (40 RTAs counting goods and services separately).  In 
total, 364 agreements have been notified to th e WTO and the GATT, of which 186 are currently in 
force.28  While the majority of these agreements are in goods only, increasingly RTAs tend to cover 
both goods and services.  Of the 25 agreements notif ied during the review period, the majority (18) 
included goods and services (22 notifications in goods, of which 21 under GATT Article XXIV and 
one under the Enabling Clause, and 18 in services).  The majority of these agreements (23 out of 25) 
are bilateral, confirming an overall trend towards more bilateral RTAs rather than plurilateral 
agreements or customs unions.  In addition to no tifications of agreements in force, the WTO 
Secretariat received "early announcements" of 14 agre ements that are currently being negotiated or 
that have been signed but are not yet in force.  The Secretariat estimates that about 100 further 
agreements are in the process of being negotiated. 
117. In terms of regional trends, there has been a ch ange in recent years with Asia, in particular 
east Asia, becoming very active in RTA negotiations.  Of the 25 agreements notified during the period 
under review, eight agreements involve countries in  east Asia, followed closely by South America 
with seven agreements and four agreements each  involving countries from Central America and from 
North America.  In addition, the European Communiti es continued to deepen its trading relations with 
its east European partners, notifying agreements in services with Albania, Croatia, and the Former 
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.  The EC's firs t Economic Partnership Agreements, with the 
Cariforum, Côte d'Ivoire, and Cameroon, were also notified during this period. 
118. In addition to a deepening trade relationshi p with the inclusion of more services and 
investment provisions in recent agreements, RTAs are also increasingly being negotiated and signed 
between Members in different regions of the worl d.  Of the 40 RTAs notified to the WTO between 
October 2008 and October 2009, 26 ag reements (counting goods and services separately) involve 
Members in different regions.  Thus the concept of "regional" has also changed from intra-regional to 
inter-regional agreements.  At the same time, how ever, initiatives to establish large regional economic 
groupings, such as the Free-Trade Area of the Amer icas, the eastern enlargement of the EU, and 
ASEAN+3 (China, Japan, and Korea), are also being pursued. 
119. Since October 2008, Members and the Secretariat have continued to implement the 
Transparency Mechanism for RTAs established on a provisional basis by the General Council on 14 
December 2006.29  The Mechanism was established as a res ponse to the lack of transparency on RTAs 
and it represents an important step forward in be tter understanding the libera lization being pursued on 
a preferential basis by Members.  Between Oc tober 2008 and October 2009,  34 agreements were 
reviewed on the basis of factual presentations prepar ed by the Secretariat.  Of these, 31 agreements 
                                                      
28 Of the 266 RTAs in force, 162 were notified un der GATT Article XXIV, 77 under GATS Article V 
and 27 under the the 1979 Decision of the GATT Co uncil on Differential and More Favourable Treatment 
(Enabling Clause). 
29 WTO document WT/L/671, 18 December 2006.    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-37  
 
were considered by the WTO Committee on Regi onal Trade Agreements (CRTA) and 3 by the 
Committee on Trade and Development (CTD). 
120. The WTO Database on RTAs, which was created  under the Transparency  Mechanism, went 
online and became publicly accessible in January 2009.   It provides information on all RTAs notified 
to the WTO and the GATT, including texts of agr eements and details of WTO meetings held to 
review them.  In the case of agreements for wh ich factual presentations have been prepared, the 
database also contains the trade and tariff inform ation provided by the parties to the agreement.
30   
121. Although the agreements that have  been reviewed to date in the CRTA and the CTD represent 
a relatively small share of total agreements notifie d to the WTO, they have revealed interesting 
information on the content and coverage of the ag reements as well as the extent to which they go 
beyond concessions offered multilaterally.   
122. Around three quarters of the agreements revi ewed between October 2008 and October 2009 
were implemented within 10 years of their entry into force (Chart 13).  They therefore appear to fall 
within the norm of the 10 year "reasonable lengt h of time" provided for by the Understanding on 
Article XXIV to implement an RTA.  However, ther e is considerable variation in the "exceptional 
cases" whose liberalization, according to the Understanding, can exceed 10 years. 
Note:   excludes Agreements under Enabling Clause.
Source :   WTO's RTA database.Immediate implementation
(38.2%)Chart 13
Transition period in RTAs (considered between October 200 8 - October 2009)
1 year (1.8%)
3 years (1.8%)
5 years
(5.5%)9 years
(3.6%)10 years
(23.6%)12 years
(5.5%)13 years
(5.5%)15 years
(14.5%)
 
 
                                                      
30 The data provided include the preferential tariffs to be applied between the parties throughout the 
period of implementation of the agreement as well as data on global imports by the parties and imports between 
the parties for a period of 3 years befo re the agreement's entry into force. WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-38  
 
020406080100120
0 2 04 06 08 0 1 0 0 1 2 0
tariff percentageimpo rt co verage percenta g e
Note: excludes Agreements under the Enabling Clause.
Source : WTO's RTA database.Chart 14:  Overall liberalization, by share of imports and share of tariff lines 
(October 2008 to October 2009 )
 
 
123. In the case of liberalization of goods, the covera ge provided by RTAs te nds to be relatively 
high, in general between 80 per cent and 100 per cent of total tariff lines or imports from the RTA 
partner (Chart 14).  However, the coverage of non- agricultural products, when measured as a share of 
tariff lines, is substantially higher for most agre ements than coverage of agricultural products, 
confirming that liberalizing agriculture trade is no easi er for Members at the regional level than it is at 
the multilateral level.  In services, although harder  to quantify in the same way as for goods, it also 
appears that RTAs offer greater, and in some cases deeper, commitments among preferential trading 
partners than multilaterally in the GATS.  While  most agreements, whether based on positive GATS-
type lists or negative lists, provide additi onal market access among preferential partners, 
commitments on rules and domestic regulations tend fo r the most part to go no further than at the 
multilateral level. 
124. For regulatory measures such as trade remedies and SPS and TBT, the record is mixed, with 
some agreements going beyond commitments made in the WTO.  Some Members have used RTAs as 
an opportunity to introduce WTO-plus measures such as greater protection for intellectual property rights than provided for by the TRIPS Agreem ent, commitments on government procurement, 
investment, and in some cases competition policy. 
125. Firm-level surveys conducted in a number of  east-Asian economies have suggested that the 
use of current RTA preferences by economic agents is  relatively low (22 per cent);  the share rises to 
44 per cent if those that intend to use preferences in the future are included.
31 
                                                      
31 Kawai and Wignaraja (2009), "Asian FTAs:  Tr ends and Challenges", ADBI Working Paper Series 
No. 144, August 2009.    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-39  
 
126. There is value in examining and analysing mo re deeply these elements of RTAs, as well as 
their more traditional features such as external tari ff levels, rules of origin, and trade coverage, across 
the range of agreements that now exist globally wi th a view to understanding whether their dynamics 
tend in the direction of convergence on, or divergence from, the multilateral trading system. 
127. As preferential trade commitments in RTAs b ecome more widespread and deeper between the 
parties, the need for compatibility and convergen ce with the multilateral trading system becomes 
steadily more important if the discrimination inhere nt in those commitments is not to disadvantage 
increasingly the majority of other WTO Members.  Efforts are already being made to enlarge the 
membership of certain regional agreements such as th e EC's successive enlargements and prospects of 
further eastward enlargement, the ASEAN + 3 initia tive, and the Free Trade Area of the Americas.  
Applying the preferential provisions of these agreem ents multilaterally woul d provide substantial 
benefits to other WTO Members. 
III. FISCAL STIMULUS AND INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL SECTOR SUPPORT 
MEASURES 
128. Over the past twelve months, many devel oped countries and some emerging economies have 
put in place significant economic stimulus packages and financial rescue packages.  The aggregate 
U.S. support programmes have been estimated at US $12 trillion, and those of the European Union at 
US$8 trillion.
32   
129. The major share, by far, of these public sector  interventions has been in financial rescue 
packages.  These represented, for example, 28 per cent of GDP in the United Kingdom and around 19 per cent of GDP in both Germany and France, co mpared with fiscal stimulus packages announced 
in 2009 of around 1 to 1.5 per cent of GDP in France and the UK, and 2.8 per cent of GDP in 
Germany.
33  Without calling into question the necessity of those financial rescue packages in the 
exceptional circumstances that have prevailed over the past twelve months, their sheer size in relation 
to the share of GDP of the financial services sect ors of OECD economies inevitably gives reason to 
question their effects on international trade in fi nancial services.  However, providing more than 
anecdotal or theoretical answers to that questio n remains extremely difficult because of lack of 
specific information about the implementation of the packages.   
130. The size of the fiscal stimulus packages in OE CD countries to date has been estimated at 
around 3.5 per cent of collective GDP,34 with Australia, Canada, Korea,  New Zealand, and the United 
States each injecting fiscal stimulus of over 4 per cent of their GDP.   
131. Several emerging economies, including Brazil, China, and Russia, have also implemented 
large economic stimulus packages, of which China's is reputed to be the largest in relative terms, 
amounting to 13 per cent of its GDP (fiscal and financial stimulus combined).   
132. Proper analysis of the economic stimulus p ackages is challenging.  Each needs to be 
considered separately, since they vary considerably  in their component parts and the trade effects of 
those parts may range from probably little (in the case of tax cuts, for example) to possibly a lot (in 
the case of government procurement schemes based on "Buy Local" requirements, for example).     
                                                      
32 Gary Hufbauer, Luca Rubini and Yee Wong, "Swamped by Subsidies: Averting a US-EU Trade War 
after the Great Crisis", Po licy Note, 24 July 2009. 
33 OECD, "Trade and Economic Effects of Responses to the Economic Crisis – Preliminary Results", 
October 2009. 
34 OECD, "Policy Responses to the Economic Crisis:  Investing in innovation for Long-Term Growth", 
Paris, June 2009. WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-40  
 
133. The WTO Secretariat is aware of Members' interest in more and deeper analysis being carried 
out on this subject. For the time being, it does not have enough reliable information on the details of 
the financing and implementation of these packages to  be able to carry out robust analysis of their 
likely effects on trade.  Also, the Secretariat needs further guidance from Members on an appropriate methodology to follow when undertaking the an alysis that will command their full support. 
134. Because of the large burden that these excepti onal rescue and stimulus packages are placing 
on the monetary authorities and public treasuries of many countries, discussion has begun (for example at the G20 level) on exit strategies to unwind levels of public support as financial and 
macroeconomic conditions improve.  These strategies ar e needed to help allay concerns that whatever 
trade restrictions or distortions may have been created temporarily over the past twelve months, as a 
consequence of exceptional crisis-management measur es, they will not be kept in place once crisis-
management is considered no longer necessary.  Those concerns arise in particular in the case of 
government procurement programmes involving long -term spending, on infrastructure projects for 
example, and public funds that have been targeted at specific industries or even individual firms that 
have come under particular threat as a result of the sharp downturn in global demand. 
A. A
UTOMOBILE  INDUSTRY  
135. After the banking sector, the automobile industr y appears to have received most financial 
support over the past twelve months from many governments around the world through bailouts 
(credit and equity infusions) and scrapping schemes (generally including cash subsidies for consumers 
to trade in older cars for newer, often more e nvironmentally-friendly, ones).  The measures were 
introduced at a time when auto mobile sales were plunging, by as much as 50 per cent in some 
markets, to protect jobs and to contribute to government stimulus programmes aimed at propping up 
aggregate demand more generally.   
136. The scrapping schemes are consumption subsidies that are, in principle, trade-expanding as 
long as they do not have conditions attached that limit the origin of supply of automobiles from which consumers may select their purchases.  None of the sc hemes, of which the WTO Secretariat is aware, 
that have actually been implemented had tho se conditions attached (Table 6).      
137. Of more concern from a trade point of view is the direct financial support that has been 
provided by a number of governments to some or all of their domestic automobile producers to help 
maintain production capacity in the face of sharply lo wer demand.  Even before the start of the global 
economic crisis and the collapse of demand for au tomobiles in many markets, industry estimates 
pointed to global excess production capacity.
35  The scrapping schemes appear to have boosted 
demand in North America and Europe over the past  few months, but probably only temporarily.  For 
example, the United States "cash-for-clunkers" progra mme is reported to have boosted automobile 
sales in August to the highest levels of the year, but sales fell in September to 23 per cent below their level a year earlier, and automobile registrations in Europe increased by 6.3 per cent in September 
from a year earlier but are reported to have fallen in October (by 20 per cent in Germany) once the 
scrapping schemes had expired.  According to indus try estimates, overcapacity in Europe in 2010 will 
be around 7 million units (or 30 per cent), while in th e United States overcapacity is estimated to fall 
from 6 million vehicles to 3.5 million.
36  Car makers are of the view that, given this situation, nearly 
all future growth will come from emerging markets, such as China, Brazil, and India. 
                                                      
35 OECD, Responding to the Economic Crisis:  Fostering Industrial Restructuring and Renewal , 
July 2009;  and KPMG's Global Auto Executive Survey, 2009. 
36 The Economist, 19 September 2009;  and KPMG's Global Auto Executive Survey, 2009.    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-41  
 
Table 6 
Car scrapping schemes 
Country Duration Incentive Total amount 
Austria April to December 2009 €1,500 (US $2,218) for vehicles older than 
13 years €45 million 
(US$ 66 million) 
China 1 June 2009 to 31 May 2010 Yuan 3,000 – 6,000(US$439-US$879) (only 
large cars can be scrapped) Yuan 4 billion (US$ 586 
million) 
Cyprus January to February 2009 From €257 to €1,710 (US$ 380-US$2,529) 
for vehicles older than 15 years ... 
France until December 2010 €1,000 (US$1,479) in 2009, then 
€700 (US$1,035) since Jan. 2010, then 
€500 (US$739) since July 2010 for vehicles 
older than 10 years €240 million (US$ 355 
million) in 2010 
Germany April to December 2009, but funds used 
by September 2009 €2,500 (US$3,697) for vehicles older than 
nine years €5 billion (US$7.4 
billion) 
Italy February to December 2009 €1,500 (U S$2,218) for vehicles older than 
nine years ... 
Japan 10 April 2009 to 31 March 2010 To pur chase environmentally-friendly cars.  
Amount of subsidies depends on type of vehicle, age of the car to be replaced, or 
simply purchase of new one without 
replacement (for example: JPY 125,000-250,000 (US$1,384-3,769) if 
car aged 13 years old or more; 
JPY 50,000-100,000 (US$554-1,107) without scrapping the car above) JPY 370 billion (close to 
US$4 billion) 
Luxembourg January to December 2009 From €1,500 to €2,500 (US$2,218 to 
US$3,697) for cars older than ten years ... 
Portugal January to December 2009 €1,000 and €1,250 (US$1,479 and 
US$1,848) for cars older than ten years and 
15 years respectively ... 
Romania January to December 2009 €850 (US$1,257) for cars older than ten 
years (maximum number of cars scrapped: 
60,000) ... 
Slovak 
Republic March to December 2009 From €1,000 to €1,500 (US$1,479 to 
US$2,218) for cars older than ten years €55million (US$81 
million) 
Spain December 2008 to July 2010 Interest -free loan up to €10,000 (US$14,788) ... 
United 
Kingdom May 2009 to March 2010 £1,000 (US $1,633) (conditional on the 
manufacturers adding another £1,000) £300 million (US$490 
million) 
United States 24 July to 24 August  2009 US$3,500 to US$4,500 US$3 billion 
... Not available. 
Note Conversions to U.S. dollars based on currency exchange rates at end-October 2009. 
B. GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT  
138. During the period under review, attention was draw n to both the importance and the limits of 
current international trade regulations on government  procurement policies and trade in this sector.  
Government procurement accounts for, on averag e, 15-20 per cent of GDP in OECD countries.37  This 
proportion typically increases in times of economic dow nturn, with the reliance that is placed on 
public infrastructure spending as an element of stim ulus packages.  The main instrument regulating 
government procurement in the framework of the WTO is the plurilateral Agreement on Government 
Procurement (GPA).38  The Agreement embodies guarantees of national treatment, non-discrimination 
and the use of fair and transparent purchasing proce dures in respect of the procurements of the forty-
                                                      
37 OECD, The Size of Government Procurement Markets  (Paris:  OECD, 2002). 
38 A large number of regional trade agreements contain provisions on government procurement.  Often, 
these provisions are modelled partly on the GPA text. WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-42  
 
one WTO Members that are currently bound by it,
39 subject to important details and limitations 
incorporated in the sche dules to the Agreement. 
139. The importance of the GPA was seen clearly in the framing of the American Recovery and 
Reinvestment Act of 2009  (i.e. the U.S. "stimulus legislation").  The U.S. legislation (Pub. Law 111-5, 
enacted by Congress and signed into law in Februa ry of 2009) introduced two new "Buy American" 
requirements, one relating to the procurement of iron, steel, and manufactured goods for construction 
and related projects concerning pub lic buildings and works (section 16 05 of the legislation), and the 
other involving the procurement of specified items of clothing or equipment for the Department of 
Homeland Security (section 604).  In both cases, th e stimulus legislation addresses the potential 
conflict with the WTO Agreement on Government Pr ocurement (GPA) and othe r U.S. international 
trade commitments by including a further provision sti pulating that:  "This section shall be applied in 
a manner consistent with United States obligations  under international agre ements" (section 604(k) 
and section 1605(d) of the legislation).  Subsequently , a notification by the United States to the WTO 
Committee on Government Procurement (GPA/98 of  24 April 2009) provided details of interim 
implementing measures relating to the two requireme nts.  These measures have been an important 
topic of discussion in the Committee during the year. 
140. "Buy National" requirements raise concerns for trade and the international trading system in 
three main ways.  First, they can exclude fore ign suppliers from market s in which they could 
otherwise hope to compete, either by reserving the market completely for domestic suppliers or by introducing administrative complexities that make procurement procedures less easily accessible for 
foreign suppliers.  Second, paradoxically, in some cases they may even raise the costs or impede the 
operations of domestic companies in the countries implementing the relevant measures, if such 
companies experience difficulties in sourcing domes tically and cannot easily obtain waivers for 
purchases abroad.  Third, as in other economic sectors, the implementation of discriminatory government procurement measures in one country ma y engender pressures for the adoption of similar 
measures by other countries.  In this context, follo wing the adoption of the U.S. stimulus legislation, 
China reinforced its own "Buy Chinese" regulations  and there were press reports of pressures building 
for the adoption of "Buy Canadian" procurement me asures particularly at the sub-central government 
level. 
141. The guarantees embodied in the Agreement on Government Procurement are limited in two 
main ways.  First, the protection afforded (i.e. the guarantees of national treatment, non-
discrimination and fair procedures) apply only to Pa rties to the Agreement.  Governments that are not 
Parties to the Agreement receive no protection under it.  Second, the guarantees apply only to 
procurement "covered" by the Agreement (undert aken by entities referred to in each Party's 
Appendix I annexes), above relevant thresholds, and not otherw ise excluded through limitations that 
are incorporated in the annexes. 
142. Work under way in the WTO Committee on Government Procurement is addressing these 
limitations in the scope and coverage of the GPA in two important ways.  First, negotiations are 
continuing among the existing Parties to the Agreement to extend the range of their procurements that 
are covered by the Agreement and to eliminate remaining discriminatory measures, pursuant to a 
commitment that was built into the Ag reement when it was adopted in 1994.
40  Second, efforts are 
under way to broaden the membership of the Agreem ent.  The accession of Chinese Taipei took effect 
on 15 July 2009.41  Nine other WTO Members have applied for accession to the Agreement:  Albania, 
Armenia, China, Georgia, Jordan, the Kyrg yz Republic, Moldova, Oman and Panama.  The 
                                                      
39 WTO Members that are covered by the GPA are:  Canada; the European Communities, including the 
27 Member States; Hong Kong, China; Iceland; Israe l; Japan; Korea; Liechtenstein; the Kingdom of the 
Netherlands with respect to Aruba; Norway; Singapore ; Switzerland; Chinese Taipei; and the United States. 
40 Agreement on Government Procurement, Article XXIV:7. 
41 WT/Let/647 of 30 July 2009.    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-43  
 
accessions of Armenia, China, Jordan and Moldov a were the subject of active discussion in the 
Committee during the past year.  In addition, Cr oatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 
Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, and the Ukraine have provisi ons in their respective Protocols of Accession to 
the WTO that call for them to seek accession to the GPA.  The eventual  inclusion of these and 
perhaps other WTO Members among the Parties to  the GPA would substantially enhance the 
Agreement's importance as an instrument  of international economic policy. 
IV. TRANSPARENCY AND NOTIFICATIONS 
143. This report to the Trade Policy Review Body , under Paragraph G of the TPRM mandate, and 
the informal reports by the Director-General that  have preceded it this year, were prepared on the 
basis of information provided by Members and Ob server Governments to the WTO Secretariat on 
significant changes to their trade policies.  Providing greater transparency in, and understanding of, 
the trade policies and practices of Members is central to meeting the purpose of the TPRM and allowing Members to monitor significant policy issues affecting the multilateral trading system. 
144. More detailed monitoring of specific trade me asures is carried out under each of the WTO 
Agreements.  Following the request of 26 February  2009 by the Chairman of the General Council to 
all Chairs of WTO Councils and Committees asking th em to consult Members on ways to improve the 
timeliness and completeness of notifications and other information flows on trade measures, an 
intensive work programme was initiated by all of th em wherever this was needed.  In many cases, 
substantive progress is being made with a view to enhance notification procedures, either by making 
them more structured or by introducing more user-friendly reporting mechanisms.
42  Overall, 
Members recognize the need to improve timely co mpliance with their notification obligations, the 
importance of enhancing institutional capacity to analyse notified information, and to improve access 
to information flows on trade measures.  Memb ers also recognize the constraints facing many 
developing and developed countri es, ranging from shortage in human resources to internal 
coordination challenges.  Efforts are being made by the WTO Secretariat to help improve Members' 
compliance, in particular through technical assistance.43 
145. The consultative work initiated by Chairs of  WTO Councils and Committees is continuing in 
a number of bodies and, in some cases, results of surveys on how to improve the timeliness and 
completeness of notifications under existing procedures have been prepared by the WTO Secretariat.  
Most Councils and Committees are reviewing their notification procedures and proposals are being 
made on how to improve Members’ compliance with existing notification obliga tions both in terms of 
completeness and timeliness.  Proposals have also  been made in certain bodies on how to address 
domestic problems associated with meeting notification obligations. 
146. The Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, after finding that the level of 
compliance with notification obligations was low overall, adopted at its meeting on 20 October 2009 
new standard formats for notification of count ervailing actions (semi-a nnual reports and on the 
minimum information to be provided in the reports).   
147. The Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices ha d adopted in October 2008 a new revised 
format for semi-annual reports and the Secretariat was asked to send frequent reminders prior to set 
deadlines.  At its meeting on 21 October 2009, th e Committee adopted three decisions to enhance 
transparency and streamline the reporting process.  They include a one-time notification format to 
                                                      
42 In this context, India tabled a proposal in the General Council to establish a Trade Information 
System based on Member notifications.  See WT/GC/W/605 dated 3 July 2009. 
43 A Central Registry of Notifications in the WTO Se cretariat records all notifications received, issues 
calls and reminders, and provides information on the c ontent of notifications.  A number of other databases 
based on notifications are also maintained in the Secr etariat which are publicly accessible and cover areas such 
as tariffs (IDB as of 2010), SPS, TBT, and RTAs. WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-44  
 
assist those long-standing "non-notifiers" (the Secret ariat was asked to provide the necessary technical 
assistance);  a decision on electronic submission of a ll notifications submitted to the Committee;  and 
the introduction of an additional paragraph to the minimum information format that Members use to 
notify their ad hoc  notifications of preliminary and final actions.   
148. At its meeting on 19 October 2009, the Comm ittee on Safeguards approved several new and 
improved notification formats, which will greatly  increase transparency in safeguard actions. 
149. The TBT Committee regularly reviews the implementation of the Agreement's provisions 
related to transparency.  The outcome of the re view process has been a series of decisions that 
enhance transparency in terms of practical reco mmendations to Members.  Currently, the Committee 
is conducting the Fifth Triennial Review, which includes discussions on both transparency (including 
with respect to notifications) and the Committee' s regular review of specific trade concerns.
44 
150. The SPS Committee conducts a regular review of the implementation of transparency 
provisions.  Revised notification formats and tr ansparency recommendations took effect in 
December 2008.  A step-by-step procedural  manual on implementing the transparency 
recommendations was also revised in early 2009.  A searchable database of SPS notifications and 
other documents (including "counter notifications " or specific trade con cerns) has been publicly 
available since 2007, to assist Members manage the available information.  Development of a mechanism for the on-line submission of SPS notifications by Members is under way.  
151. The TRIMS Committee found that the level of co mpliance with notification obligations was 
not satisfactory, and agreed at its meeting on 20 Ma y that the Secretariat should issue reminders every 
six months to Members (also containing guidance) and request that those that have never notified 
relevant information to do so without delay.   A reminder was circulated on 24 June 2009. 
152. The Committee on Import Licensing found that compliance with notification obligations was 
not satisfactory;  nevertheless the number of notifi cations has improved during the last four years.  
The Secretariat and the Central Registry of Notifications (CRN) send reminders twice a year, recalling Members of their transparency obligations.  In Au gust 2009, the Chair sent specific letters to all 
Members highlighting the date of the last notifica tion received from their authorities, responses to the 
Annual Questionnaire, and inviting th em to review the status of their notifications in general and 
update them whenever necessary.  An internal data base allows the Secretariat to process information 
contained in the three different types of notifica tions under the Agreement and to issue reports on the 
different licensing regimes, product coverage, types of licence, purpose,  and pertinent legislation.  A 
new database is being developed and should be oper ational by mid 2010.  This will be available to 
Members and the public and will provide access to el ectronic versions of no tified legislation on 
import licensing procedures. 
153. There has been significant improvement in the notification of RTAs since the establishment 
of the Transparency Mechanism.  This improvement is  also due to the fact that the notification format 
for all RTAs has been simplified and consolidated  and the WTO Secretariat has taken a more active 
role in monitoring and reminding Members about their notification obligations.  More recently, 
responding to the request by the Chairman of the General Council, the Chairman of the CRTA has 
also contacted certain Members that are parties to  RTAs currently in force but not yet notified, 
seeking details on when these agreements are to be notified. 
154. Following an examination of summary statistics prepared on the basis of the notifications 
contained in the Quantitative Restrictions database , Members were of the view that the level of 
compliance with the notification requirements as provided for in G/L/59 was not good.  One of the 
                                                     
 
44 The Committee's Fifth Triennial Review Report was to be adopted at the regular meeting of the TBT 
Committee to be held on 5-6 November 2009.    WT/TPR/OV/12 
   Page A-45  
 
reasons for this appeared to be the lack of cl arity among Members on the quantitative restrictions to 
be notified pursuant to that decision.  The Comm ittee on Market Access will  be looking into this 
question shortly, and at other issues such as the ci rculation of notifications which presently are only 
inputted into the database. 
155. Since the creation of the Integrated Data Base (IDB), Members have notified 54 per cent of 
requested tariff information and 59 per cent of impor t notifications.  Very few Members comply with 
specific deadlines.  To overcome this situation, the WTO Secretariat proposed to Members ways to 
enhance IDB notifications compliance.  A framewo rk to enhance IDB notifications compliance was 
adopted by the Committee on Market Access on 13 July 2009.
45  This framework gives the Secretariat 
more flexibility to collect data from official nati onal, regional or international sources under certain 
circumstances. 
156. The Committee on Agriculture recognized that  monitoring and surveillance could be 
reinforced through improvements in the timeliness and completeness of notifications albeit within 
existing procedures and prescribed formats and timelines.  The WTO Secretariat elaborated a questionnaire to collect information on Members' ex periences in preparing, submitting and analysing 
notifications, and to identify potential solutions.
46  Further to the release of the survey results47, a 
Work Programme48 was devised prioritizing specific elements  for action to be taken by the Committee 
and the Secretariat, including:  technical assistance and training49; improving access to relevant 
documentation, notably through the electronic dissemination of notifications, circulating an official and unrestricted WTO document (previously a ro om document) showing Members' compliance 
status
50, redesigning the public and Members' web sites; and sharing of datasets on notified 
information with Members.  The above elements  have been successfully delivered.  Others are 
upcoming, such as revising the Notifications Handbook;  developing e-learning modules;  holding 
consultations on “ best practices ”;  or exchanging ideas regarding a prospective on-line system for the 
submission of notifications.   
157. The Council on Trade in Services is aware that compliance with the notification obligations 
under the GATS is a matter of utmost importance and has held substantive discussions on how to 
improve it.  The Swiss delegation made a written submission on this issue and the Secretariat 
circulated a statistical account of all services no tifications.  During the Council discussions, Members 
made a number of suggestions including, inter alia , online submissions and to update the statistical 
information regularly.  At the meeting of th e Services Council on 5 November 2009, the Swiss 
delegation requested that the item regarding comp liance with notification obligations under the GATS 
be maintained on the agenda. 
158. The TRIPS Council invited the WTO Secretariat, at its meeting on 8 June 2009, to prepare a 
factual background note summarizing the relevant no tification procedures and providing references to 
relevant decisions, as well as providing information on the use of these procedures by Members, and to prepare suggestions for the Council's considerat ion at its next meeting on how to improve the 
transparency and user-friendliness of the notification system.
51 
159. Members of the Committee on Customs Valuation found that notification compliance was not 
satisfactory, and that the mechanism could be im proved.  To date, 80 Memb ers have notified their 
                                                      
45 WTO document G/MA/239 of 4 September 2009. 
46 G/AG/GEN/83 dated 2 April 2009. 
47 G/AG/GEN/85 dated 15 June 2009. 
48 Annex 6 of G/AG/R/55. 
49 For example, the organization and delivery of a Geneva-based Workshop on Agriculture 
Notifications back-to-back with the September 2009 meeting of the Committee on Agriculture. 
50 G/AG/GEN/86 dated 2 October 2009. 
51 WTO document IP/C/W/543 "Timeliness and Completeness of Notifications and other Information 
Flows". WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-46  
 
national legislation on customs va luation (counting the EU(27) as one).  In addition, 56 Members 
have not yet notified their responses to the Checklis t of Issues, although this is a requirement under 
the Agreement.  With respect to the Decision on Interest Charges and Valuation of Carrier Media Bearing Software, only 36 Members have notifie d the date from which they are applying the 
Decision.  At the informal consultations held on 17 March to discuss the timeliness and completeness 
of notification requirements in this Committee, some  oral suggestions were made on how to improve 
notification.  However these suggestions were not  followed-up with formal proposals and no further 
action has been taken by the Committee. 
160. Members of the Committee on Customs Valu ation which monitors the Agreement on 
Preshipment Inspection (PSI), feel that notificati on is satisfactory.  This is essentially because 
notification should be made only when a Member uses PSI or has legislation relating to PSI.  
Members that have not notified are presumed to not have such legislation. 
161. In carrying forward this exercise in 2010, it is  important to keep in mind the need for a 
coherent approach across all WTO Councils and Co mmittees, as well as the TPRB, so that results in 
each area can be incorporated into an enhanced transparen cy and trade information system that covers 
all areas of WTO rules, all sectors of trade, and a ll WTO Members.  Better use needs to be made of 
common formats that are compatible with modern  electronic means for handling, storing, and 
disseminating data.  There needs to be incr eased cooperation with other inter-governmental 
organizations to take advantage of areas in whic h they have particular strengths and to avoid 
duplication of work.  The exercise needs also to be  supported by the Secretariat, through technical 
assistance, to enhance both the contribution of, and the benefits for, devel oping countries and LDCs.   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-47 
 
 
 ANNEX 1 
 
Trade and trade-related measures1  
(October 2008 – October 2009)  
VERIFIED INFORMATION 
Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Argentina Introduction of non-automatic import licensing 
requirements, covering products such as textiles, 
steel, metallurgical products, and tyres.  Resoluciones Nos. 343/07; 
588/08; 444/04; MP 26/09, 
and MP 61/09 (Various dates starting on 
4 November 2008 to 
4 March 2009).  
Argentina Introduction of reference prices covering around 
1,000 imported produc ts considered sensitive (i.e. 
auto parts, textiles, TV, toys, shoes, and leather 
goods). 
These products may be subject to control for customs 
valuation purposes.  Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO (18 
February 2009).  
Argentina Elimination of export taxes (set at 5% in August 
2006) for dairy products (35 HS tariff lines - Codes 
0401; 0402; 0403; 0404; 0405; 0406; and 
1901.90.90), as from 1 January 2009. Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO 
(6 March 2009).  
Argentina Imposition of precautionary price references for 
copper exports (NCM 7401). Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO 
(9 March 2009).  
Argentina Introduction of "criterion values" (valores criterios) 
for imports of products such as "cermet" (ceramic and 
metal manufactures); sweaters and pullovers; brake 
pads, linings, and clutches discs; and electric heating 
radiators and equipments. Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO (17, 
27 March, and 14 April 2009).  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
stainless knives (NCM 8211.92) from Brazil and 
China (26 March 2009).  Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO 
(26 March 2009).  
Argentina Incorporation of 12 ne w items to the list of products 
subject to import licensing procedures such as 
aluminium, and miscellaneous articles of base metal.  WTO Document 
G/LIC/N/2/ARG/4/Add.2 
of 1 April 2009, and 
various other dates.   
Argentina Suspension (for 30 days) of import licensing 
requirements for self-tapping screws, and other types 
of screws and bolts. Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO 
(15 April 2009). No longer applicable. 
Argentina Change in import procedures for tyres for final 
consumption (one tariff line).  Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO 
(23 April 2009).  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
manual kitchen lighters from China.  Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO 
(10 July 2009).  
Argentina Change in the coverage of non-automatic import 
licences (affecting products such as switching and 
routing apparatus, and electrical generators). Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO 
(14 July 2009).  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
printing ink from Brazil.  Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO 
(16 July 2009).  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
insulation displacement connectors from India.  Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO 
(21 July 2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd) 
                                                      
1 The inclusion of any measure in this table implies no judgement by the WTO Secretariat on whether 
or not such measure, or its intent, is protectionist in nature.  Moreover, nothing in the table implies any judgement, either direct or  indirect, on the consistency of any measure referred to with the provisions of any 
WTO agreement or such measure's impact on, or relationship with, the global financial crisis. WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-48  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
electric pumps (NCM 8413.70.80; 8413.70.90) from 
China. Resolución SICPME No. 
295/2009 (15 September 
2009).  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
hypodermic syringes (NCM 9018.31.11; 9818.31.19) from China. Resolución SICPME 
No. 296/2009 (15 September 2009).  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
gas screw compressors (NCM 8414.30.90; 8414.80.32) from Brazil. Resolución SICPME 
No. 297/2009 (15 September 2009).  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
methane chloride (NCM 2903.49.11) from China. Resolución SICPME 
No. 318/2009 (29 September 2009).  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
synthetic filament yarn (NCM 5402.33) and man 
made staple fibres (NCM 5503.20) from China, India, 
Indonesia, and Chinese Taipei (17 November 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 7 October 2009.  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
taffeta ligament weft and warp fabrics (NCM 5407.61 
and 5407.69) from Brazil and China (12 January 
2009).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 
7 October 2009. Provisional measure imposed 
on 5 September 2009. 
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
multifunction appliances for processing of food and 
beverages (NCM 8509.40) from Brazil and China (14 January 2009).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 
7 October 2009.  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
laminate floors (NCM 4410; 4411) from China, Germany and Switzerland (28 January 2009).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 7 October 2009.  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
footwear (NCM 6401; 6402;6403; 6404; 6405) from 
China (2 March 2009).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 
7 October 2009.  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
road wheels for trailers and semi-trailers (NCM 
8708.70.90, 8716.90) from China (9 March 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 
7 October 2009.  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
denim (NCM 5208.43; 5209.42; 5210.49; 5211.42) 
from China (30 March 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 
7 October 2009.  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
CDs (NCM 8523.40) from Paraguay (30 March 
2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 
7 October 2009.  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
piping accessories (NCM  7307.19; 7307.93) from 
Brazil (18 May 2009) and China (23 October 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 
7 October 2009. Provisional measure imposed 
for imports from China on 6 
May 2009.  
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
elevator engines (NCM 8425.31) from China (3 June 
2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 
7 October 2009.  
Argentina Anti-dumping duties on imports of cypermethrin 
(NCM 3808.10) from India (27 April 2006). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 
7 October 2009. Terminated on 23 March 
2009. 
Argentina Anti-dumping duties on imports of certain 
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (NCM 3907.60) 
from Brazil. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 
7 October 2009. Terminated on 22 May 2009. 
Argentina Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
electric space heating apparatus, and soil heating 
apparatus (NCM 8516.29.00) from China (20 October 
2009). Resolución No. 2/2009 
SICPME (19 October 
2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-49 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Armenia Import ban of animal origin food, raw materials, 
feedstuffs, live pigs, pork, pork semen, and feedstuff 
and feed additives for pigs prepared from pork from 
Mexico, Canada and the United States (A(H1N1) Flu 
related). Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN). The ban on imports from 
Canada was lifted. 
Australia Gradual reduction of applied tariffs on textiles, 
clothing, and footw ear products until 2015. Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(March 2009).  
Australia Anti-dumping duties on imports of polyethylene, 
linear low density (HS 3901.10; 3901.90) from Korea 
(3 December 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/AUS of 
3 March 2009. Terminated on 3 December 
2008. 
Australia Anti-dumping duties on imports of polyethylene, high 
density from Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and Sweden 
(18 March 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/AUS of 
3 March 2009. Terminated on 17 December 
2008. 
Australia Anti-dumping duties on imports of certain hot rolled 
plate steel (HS 7208.51; 7208.52) from China, 
Indonesia, Japan and Korea. Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO. Terminated without review 
on 1 April 2009. 
Australia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
linear low density polyethylene (3901.10; 3901.90) 
from Canada and the United States (28 May 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(28 May 2009).  
Australia Countervailing investigation on imports of hollow 
structural steel sections from China. Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO. Terminated on 5 June 2009. 
Australia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
aluminium extrusions (7604; 7608; 7610) from China 
(24 June 2009).  Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(24 June 2009).  
Australia Initiation of counter vailing duty investigation on 
imports of aluminium extrusions (7604; 7608; 7610) 
from China.  Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(24 June 2009).  
Australia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
geosynthetic clay liners (6815.99) from Germany (5 
January 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/AUS of 
30 September 2009. Provisional measure imposed 
on 8 May 2009. 
Australia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
hollow structural sections (7306.30; 7306.61; 7306.69) from Malaysia (18 December 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/AUS of 30 September 2009. Terminated on 20 May 2009. 
Australia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
hollow structural sections (7306.30; 7306.61; 7306.69) from China (18 December 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/AUS of 30 September 2009. Terminated on 6 June 2009. 
Azerbaijan Import ban of pork products from North America 
(A(H1N1) Flu related). Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network (GPHIN). The ban on imports from 
Canada was lifted. 
Bahrain Import ban of pork products from: Mexico, the 
United States, and any country with A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network (GPHIN). The ban was lifted in October 
2009. 
Belarus Ban on fish imports. 
 
Exclusive rights to import fish and seafood products 
has been granted to the State. Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the WTO. The ban was lifted on 
1 August 2009.  
Belarus Import ban of meat, cattle, and poultry feed from: 
Canada, France, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, 
and the United States (A(H1N1) Flu related).  
As from 7 May 2009 import ban of pigs, pork and 
pork products from Poland (A(H1N1) Flu related). Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the WTO. The ban was lifted in October 
2009. 
Belarus Increase on import tariffs on certain goods such as 
meat; wines; butter, fats, starch and ice cream; home 
appliances; and wood products for nine months; and 
vegetables for six months.  Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the WTO 
(5 May 2009).  
Belarus Reduction of import tari ffs on trucks and road tractors 
for semi trailers emission class "Euro 4 and 5", for 
nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the WTO 
(18 June 2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-50  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Belarus Increase on import tariffs on trucks and road tractors 
for semi trailers emission class "Euro 3" (25% for 
new and 50% for used), for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the WTO 
(18 June 2009).  
Belarus Elimination of import tariffs on 212 tariff lines (ten-
digit) of manufacturing equipment, for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the WTO (1 July 2009).  
Belarus Elimination of import tariffs on chemical wood pulp; 
and high tenacity yarn of nylon or other polyamides, 
for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the WTO (1 October 2009).  
Bolivia Increase of import tariffs (to 35%) for 324 tariff lines 
(i.e. clothing, textiles, furn iture), as from June 2009. Decreto Supremo No. 0125 
(15 May 2009).  
Bosnia & 
Herzegovina Import ban of pork products from any country with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN).  
Brazil Inclusion of the meat sector in the drawback 
programme (exception of federal taxes (9.5%) on the 
purchase of national inputs for exportable products). Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(10 February 2009).  
Brazil  Initiation of anti-dumping i nvestigation on imports of 
magnesium ingot (NCM 8104.11.00; 8104.19.00) 
from China (31 December 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/BRA of 
18 February 2009.  
Brazil Anti-dumping duties on imports of steel blade (for 
stone cutting) from Italy (9 October 2003). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/BRA of 
18 February 2009. Terminated on 13 October 
2008. 
Brazil Anti-dumping duties on imports of mushrooms 
provisionally preserved and prepared or preserved 
from China (18 December 2003). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/BRA of 
18 February 2009. Terminated on 19 December 
2008. 
Brazil Anti-dumping duties on imports of bicycle tyres from 
Thailand. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/BRA of 
18 February 2009. Terminated on 19 December 
2008. 
Brazil  Decision to increase the number of exporting 
companies (allowing larger firms, with annual 
revenue up to R$600 million (US$350.7 million)) with access to the government's export financing 
programme (Proex). Ther e was no increase in the 
programme's budget. Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(23 February 2009).  
Brazil Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
synthetic fibre blankets (NCM 6301.40.00) from 
China (5 May 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO (4 May 
2009).  
Brazil New tax incentives (In tegrated Drawback) for 
exporters (mainly agri-businesses); consisting in the 
elimination of the IPI value-added tax (5%), or the PIS/Cofins social contribution on the basis of the 
turnover (9.5%) on the purchase of inputs (local and 
imported) to be used in the manufacturing of export products. 
A similar scheme was already in place for machine 
parts, and equipment. Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(18 May 2009). The full IPI reduction was 
extended until September 
2009. Since 1 October 2009, the tax break has been 
reduced.  
The measure will be gradually phased-out by the end of 2009. 
Brazil Increase of import tariffs on wind turbines (from 0% 
to 14%). 
The Programme of Incentiv es for Alternatives 
Electricity Sources (PROINFA) restricts the use of imported wind turbines (Portarias Nos. 211 and 242).  Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(18 June 2009).  
Brazil Decrease of import tariffs (from 14% to duty-free) on 
female sheath contraceptives; and trailers and semi-
trailers (from 35% to duty-free). 
(Included on its national list of exemptions to the 
Mercosur Common Tariff). Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO (18 June 2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-51 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Brazil Increase of import tariffs (from duty-free to 14%) on 
electric generating sets a nd rotary converters (wind 
powered). 
(Included on its national list of exemptions to the 
Mercosur Common Tariff). Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(18 June 2009).  
Brazil Introduction of quota (up to 10,000 tonnes) for 
imports of dairy products from Uruguay, until the end 
of 2009. Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO (second 
semester of 2009).  
Brazil Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
polypropylene from India, and the United States.  Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO (21 July 
2009).  
Brazil Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
glass flasks up to 20ml. from India. Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(14 August 2009).  
Brazil Increase of import tariffs on lauryl and stearyl 
alcohol, used in the production of cosmetic products, 
(from 2% to 14%).  Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(31 August 2009).  
Brazil Reduction of import tariffs (from a range of 12-14% 
down to 2%) on 114 products such as capital goods, 
informatics, and telecommunication equipments.  Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(18 September 2009).  
Brazil Anti-dumping duties on imports of horse nail or 
horseshoe nail (NCM 7317.00.90) from Finland and 
India (14 June 2004). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/BRA of 
18 September 2009. Terminated on 3 June 2009. 
Brazil  Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
footwear (NCM 6402-6405) from China 
(31 December 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/BRA of 
18 September 2009. Provisional measure imposed 
on 8 September 2009. 
Brazil  Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
ball point pens (NCM 9608.10.00) from China 
(30 October 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/BRA of 
18 September 2009.  
Brazil Anti-dumping duties on imports of nitrate of 
ammonia (HS 3102.30) from Russia and Ukraine. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/BRA of 
18 September 2009. Suspended on 7 November 
2008, for a period of one 
year. 
Brunei 
Darussalam Import ban of pork meats from any country with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Permanent Delegation of 
Brunei Darussalam to the 
WTO. The ban was lifted on 
28 May 2009. 
Cameroon Import ban of pork produc ts from any country with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN).  
Canada Elimination of impo rt tariffs on 214 tariff lines 
(machinery and equipment) , with duty rates ranging 
from 2.5% to 11%. Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(28 January 2009). Tariffs permanently 
eliminated as of 28 January 
2009. 
Canada Initiation of anti- dumping investigation on 
waterproof footwear (HS 6401; 6402; 6403) from 
China and Viet Nam (27 February 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(27 February 2009). Provisional measure imposed 
on 28 May 2009. Terminated 
on 25 September 2009. 
Canada Establishment of a tariff rate quota (10,000 tonnes) 
for milk protein substances with a milk protein 
content of 85% or more, that do not originate in a NAFTA country, Chile, Costa Rica, or Israel, for the 
period 1 April 2009 to 31 March 2010 (in-quota tariff 
rate of 0%, and over-quota tariff rate of 270%). Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(1 April 2009).  
Canada Anti-dumping undertaki ng on imports of filter tipped 
cigarettes tubes (HS 4813.10) from France (reviewed 
on 5 January 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO. Terminated on 6 April 2009. 
Canada Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
mattress innerspring (HS 7320.20; 9404.10; 9404.29) 
units from China (27 April 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(27 April 2009). Preliminary determination on 
27 July 2009. 
Canada Renewal of the program me allowing the remission of 
customs tariffs on the temporary importation of 
mobile offshore drilling units, for a further five-year  
period. Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO (4 May 2009). Effective until 4 May 2014. 
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-52  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Canada Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
hot-rolled steel plate (HS 7208.51; 7208.52) from 
Ukraine.  Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO (6 July 
2009). Preliminary determination on 
5 October 2009. 
Canada Anti-dumping duties on imports of wood slats (for 
Venetian blinds) (HS 4421.90) from China and Mexico (7 November 2008). Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO. Terminated on 15 July 2009. 
Canada Anti-dumping duties on imports of stainless steel 
wire (HS 7223.00) from India, Korea, Switzerland and the United States (12 November 2008). Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO. Terminated on 29 July 2009. 
Canada Countervailing duties on imports of stainless steel 
wire (HS 7223.00) from India. Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO. Terminated on 29 July 2009. 
Canada Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
certain oil country tubular goods from China.  Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(24 August 2009).  
Canada Initiation of counterva iling investigation on imports 
of certain oil country tubular goods from China.  Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(24 August 2009).  
Canada Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
thermal insulation board from the United States. Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(8 October 2009).  
Chad Import ban of pork products from any country with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN).  
Chile Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation on imports of 
powdered milk and cheese (HS 0406.90.10).  WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/CHL/12 of 
18 September 2009. Provisional measure imposed 
on 10 October 2009. 
China Import ban of live pigs and pork products from: 
Mexico and a number of US states (26 and 29 April 
2009), and Canada (Alberta) (3 May 2009) (A(H1N1) Flu related). Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO.  
China Import ban on Irish pork.  Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(December 2008).  
China Elimination of export duties on 102 products 
including certain steel plates. 
Reduction of export dutie s on 23 products, including 
for example yellow phosphorous. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(1 December 2008).  
China Export duties on five pr oducts (including apatite and 
silicon) raised from 10% to 15%, or from 20% to 35%. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (1 December 2008).  
China Elimination of lower Interim Import Tariff Rates on 
soybean oil-cake, pork, and neem oil, and resumption of normal MFN rates.  Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (1 January 2009).  
China Cancellation of export licensing administration on 
silk worm cocoon, and certain silk products. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (1 January 2009).  
China Adjustment of the list of products subject to 
prohibition and restriction under processing trade 
(certain plastic raw materials, plastic and wood 
products, textiles products, and metallic products 
delete from the list). Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (1 February 2009).  
China Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
terephthalic acid (HS 2917.36) from Korea and 
Thailand (12 February 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (12 
February 2009).  
China Restrictions on the export of certain highly energy-
consuming, highly-polluting, and exhaustible 
resource products.  Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(24 February 2009).  
China Trade facilitating meas ures to speed up customs 
procedures and formalities.  Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(March 2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-53 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
China Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
nucleotide-type food additives (HS 2934.99; 3824.90) 
from Indonesia and Thailand (24 March 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (24 
March 2009).  
China VAT rebate rates increased on exports of certain 
products including: iron and steel; non ferrous metals; 
petrochemicals; electronic and information 
technology products; and also some light industries such as textiles and clothing. None of these rebates exceed the current VAT rate of 17%. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (1 April 
2009).  
China Establishment of cu rrency swaps (Y 650 billion 
(US$95.2 billion)), to facilita te trade with: Argentina, 
Belarus, Hong Kong China, Indonesia, Korea, and 
Malaysia. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (2 April 
2009).  
China Postal Law, approved on 24 April 2009, confirming 
the bans (already included in the 1986 Postal Law) on 
foreign courier companies from delivering express 
letters as of 1 October 2009, although they can still 
deliver express parcels and deliver letters 
internationally.   Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(24 April 2009).  
China Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
polyamide-6 (HS 3908.10) from the EC, Chinese 
Taipei, Russia, and the United States (29 April 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(29 April 2009).  
China Changes in travel agen cy regulation allowing foreign 
invested travel agencies (already established in 
China) to open local branches. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (1 May 
2009).  
China Cancellation of the policy of import duty reduction or 
exemption on imported products (if there is such 
applicable policy) when these products are subject to 
trade remedy measures. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (1 May 
2009).  
China Circular from the Ministry of Industry and 
Information Technology re gulating its government 
procurement activities, under which it restates the practice of giving priority to domestic products, 
projects and services (provided for in the 2002 Law 
on Government Procurement). Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(11 May 2009).  
China The Chinese National Development and Reform 
Commission issued a notice jointly with eight other 
ministries and agencies restating provisions in existing laws including the 2002 law on government 
procurement concerning gove rnment procurement of 
domestic products and services.  National Development and 
Reform Commission 
Notice referring to "Opinions on Further 
Strengthening Supervision 
and Administration of Construction Project Bid 
Invitation and Bidding" 
(1 June 2009).  
China Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
methyl-alcohol (HS 2905.11) from Indonesia, 
Malaysia, New Zealand, and Saudi Arabia (24 June 
2009).  Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(24 June 2009).  
China Anti-dumping duties on imports of newsprint (HS 
4801.00; 4802.61; 4802.69) from Canada, Korea and 
the United States. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO. Terminated without review 
on 30 June 2009. 
China Elimination or reduction of export taxes on certain 
products such as wheat, rice, metals, fertilizers and 
resource materials, as from 1 July 2009. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (1 July 
2009).  
China Introduction of automatic import license for fresh 
milk, milk powder and whey for statistic purpose of 
import monitoring. Chinese buyers of dairy products are required to 
report their imports to the China Chamber of 
Commerce of Import and Export of Foodstuffs, 
Native Produce and Animal By-Products. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (10 July 
2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-54  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
China Administration measures and rules for verification for 
importation of auto parts with  the features of finished 
automobiles. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(28 August 2009). Abolished as from 
1 September 2009. 
China Initiation of countervaili ng investigation on imports 
of grain oriented electrical flat-rolled electrical steel 
(HS 7225.11; 7226.11) from the United States (1 June 
2009).  Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (9 September 2009).  
China Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
grain oriented electrical flat-rolled electrical steel (HS 
7225.11; 7226.11) from Russia and the United States 
(1 June 2009).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/CHN 
9 September 2009.  
China Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
adipic acid (HS 2917.12) from the EC, Korea, and the 
United States (10 November 2008).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/CHN of 
9 September 2009. Provisional measure imposed 
on 26 June 2009.  
China Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
certain iron or steel fasteners (HS 7318.12; 7318.14; 
7318.15; 7318.21; 7318.22) from the EC (29 December 2008).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/CHN of 
9 September 2009.  
China Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
polyamide-6,6 (HS 3908.10) from France, Italy, 
Chinese Taipei, United Kingdom, and the United 
States (14 November 2008).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/CHN of 9 September 2009. Provisional measure imposed 
on 26 June.  
China Anti-dumping duties on imports of acrylate esters 
(HS 2916.12) from Korea (9 April 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/CHN of 
9 September 2009. Terminated on 8 April 2009. 
China Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (HS 9027.20; 
9027.50; 9027.80) from Japan (5 June 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/CHN of 
9 September 2009. Terminated without measure 
on 20 April 2009. 
China Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
broiler chicken products from the United States.  Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(27 September 2009).  
China Initiation of counterva iling duty investigation on 
imports of broiler chicken products from the United States.  Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (27 September 2009).  
Colombia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
casing and tubing from China. Permanent Delegation of 
Colombia to the WTO.  
Colombia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
elastic bands for retreating tyres (HS 4012.90) from 
Brazil and Mexico (19 January 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/COL of 
12 October 2009. Preliminary determination on 
30 April 2009. 
Colombia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
blenders (HS 8509.40) from China (26 February 
2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/COL of 
12 October 2009. Provisional measure imposed 
on 10 June 2009. 
Investigation terminated on 
11 August 2009 (provisional 
duties reimbursed). 
Costa Rica Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
canned tuna (HS 160414.90.10) from Brazil and El 
Salvador (12 June 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/CRI of 
18 September 2009.  
Croatia Import ban of pork products and live hogs from 
several countries with confirmed cases in North and 
South America (A(H1N 1) Flu related). Permanent Delegation of 
Croatia to the WTO 
(29 April 2009). The ban was lifted for all 
countries except Mexico on 8 
May, and completely 
eliminated on 19 June 2009. 
Croatia Initiation of safeguard investigation on imports of 
semi-hard cheese and cheese substitutes (HS 0406; 
2106.90).  WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/HRV of 30 July 
2009. Provisional measure imposed 
on 23 June 2009.  
Dominican Republic Initiation of safeguard inve stigation on imports of 
glass bottles. WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/DOM/1 of 
15 April 2009.  
EC Anti-dumping duties on imports of integrated 
electronic compact fluorescent lamps (CFL-i) (HS 
8539.31.90) from China. Commission Notice 
2008/C 258/04 (10 October 
2008). Terminated on 18 October 
2008. 
Annex 1 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-55 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
EC Anti-dumping duties on imports of para-cresol (HS 
2907.12.00) from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/EEC of 
11 March 2009 Terminated on 15 October 
2008. 
EC Temporary changes in the set of Commission Sate 
Aid guidelines increasing flexibility on short-term 
export credits. 
Various measures to increase access to trade finance for European exporters have also taken place at the national level. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (17 December 2008).  
EC Anti-dumping duties on imports of certain welded 
tubes and pipes of iron or non-alloy steel from Bosnia-Herzegovina and Turkey. Commission Notice L 343 
(17 December 2008). Terminated on 19 December 
2008. 
EC Reintroduction of export refunds for butter, cheese 
and whole and skim milk powder (as of 19 January 
2009). Resumption of market interventions to buy 
butter and skim milk powder from 1 March 2009.  Commission Regulations 
No. 57/2009, 58/2009, and 
59/2009 of 22 January 
2009.  
EC Anti-dumping duties on imports of bed linen (cotton 
type) (HS 6302) from Pakistan. Commission Notice 
2009/C 52/08 (5 March 
2009). Terminated on 5 March 
2009. 
EC Anti-dumping duties on imports of Rainbow trout 
(HS 0302; 0303; 0304) from Faroe Islands. Commission Notice 
2009/C 57/04 (11 March 
2009). Terminated on 12 March 
2009. 
EC Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
ring binder mechanisms from Thailand. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/EEC of 
11 March 2009.  
EC Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
certain cargo scanning systems (HS 8705; 9022; 
9027; 9030) from China. Commission Notice 
2009/C 63/09 of 18 March 
2009.  
EC Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
certain molybdenum wires, containing by weight at 
least 99.95% of molybdenum, of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 1.35 mm but does 
not exceed 4 mm (CN Code: 8102 96 00) from China. Commission Notice 
2009/C 84/07 (OJ C 84/5) 
(8 April 2009).  
EC Increase in export refunds for milk and milk products. Commission Regulations 
No. 461/2009 of 4 June 
2009 (OJ L 139/15). Refunds for milk and milk 
products reduced on 
17 September and 22 October 2009.  
EC Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
sodium metal (HS 2805.11.00) from the United States (23 July 2008). Commission Decision 
2009/453/EC (11 June 2009). Terminated without measure 
on 11 June 2009. 
EC Initiation of counterva iling duty investigation on 
imports of steel sodium metal (HS 2805.11.00) from the United States (23 July 2008). Commission Decision 
2009/452/EC (11 June 2009). Terminated without measure 
on 11 June 2009. 
EC Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
dry sodium gluconate from China. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (11 August 2009).  
EC Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
steel ropes and cables (HS 7312) from Korea and 
Malaysia (11 August 2009) (possible circumvention 
of anti-dumping measures imposed in 2005). Commission Regulation 
No. 734/2009 (OJ 
L 208/09) (11 August 
2009).  
EC Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
certain aluminium road  wheels from China. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC Delegation (13 August 2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-56  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
EC Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
certain stainless steel fasteners and parts thereof from 
India and Malaysia. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (13 August 
2009).  
EC Initiation of counterva iling duty investigation on 
imports of certain stainless steel fasteners and parts thereof from India and Malaysia. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (13 August 2009).  
EC Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
certain polyethylene terephthalate (HS 3907.60.20) from Iran, Pakistan, and the United Arab Emirates. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (3 September 2009).  
EC Initiation of countervailing investigation on imports 
of certain polyethylene te rephthalate (HS 3907.60.20) 
from Iran, Pakistan, and the United Arab Emirates. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (3 September 
2009).  
EC Initiation of anti-dumping i nvestigation on imports of 
certain welded tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of 
square or rectangular cross-section, of iron other than cast iron or steel other than or non-alloy steel (CN 
7306 6192; 7306 6199) from Belarus, Turkey, and 
Ukraine (13 November 2008). Commission Decision 
2009/C 698/EC 
(4 September 2009). Terminated on 9 September 
2009. 
EC Initiation of anti-dumping i nvestigation on imports of 
high tenacity yarn of polyesters (other than sewing thread), not put up for retail sale, including 
monofilament of less than 67 decitex (HS 5402.20) from China, Korea, and Chinese Taipei. Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (8 September 
2009).  
EC Initiation of anti-dumping i nvestigation on imports of 
ironing boards, whether or not free standing, with or without a steam soaking a nd/or heating top and/or 
blowing top, including sl eeve boards, and essential 
parts thereof (i.e. the legs, the top and the iron rest) 
(HS 3924; 4421;7323; 8516) from China. Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (2 October 
2009).  
Ecuador Import ban of live pigs and pork products from 
Canada and Mexico (A (H1N1) Flu related). Permanent Delegation of 
Ecuador to the WTO. The ban on imports coming 
from Mexico was lifted on 12 May 2009. The ban on 
imports of pork from Canada was also lifted. 
Ecuador Import tariff reductions on 3,267 tariff lines covering 
products such as: raw materials (from 7.6% to 3.8%), 
and capital equipment (from 6.3% to 2.3%), not 
locally produced. Permanent Delegation of 
Ecuador to the WTO 
(December 2008).  
Ecuador Import tariff elimination for hybrid cars.  Permanent Delegation of 
Ecuador to the WTO (20 January 2009).  
Ecuador Tariff increases on 630 tariff lines (accounting for 
8.7% of total lines, covering a wide range of goods, 
with a view to restore balance-of-payments. 
(Article XVIII.B of GATT 1994). 
 These measures are intended to be temporary and 
valid for one year.  They are also applicable to 
members of the Andean Community (Effective as of 22 January 2009). WTO Document 
WT/BOP/N/65/Rev.1 of 
2 March 2009. Tariff subheadings with 
quantitative restrictions 
replaced by a tariff surcharge 
system.  
Annex 1 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-57 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Egypt Elimination of the export tax on cement on 19 
October 2008.  Permanent Delegation of 
Egypt to the WTO (October 2008).  
Egypt Revision of the tariff schedule for a number of 
products. Tariff decreases on the majority of them 
(for products such as raw materials, and intermediate goods). Tariff increases in products such as basic 
chemicals, bamboo manufacturing, rubber 
manufacturing, as well as certain basic machinery and medical equipment. Presidential Decree No. 
51/2009 of 15 February 
2009.  
Egypt Introduction of export tax on all kind of rice (HS 
1006.10 to 1006.40) (LE 2,000/tonne (US$365.4/ 
tonne)), as of July 2009.  Permanent Delegation of 
Egypt to the WTO (July 
2009).  
Egypt Elimination of import tariffs on sugar for the period 
15 August to 31 December 2009.  Permanent Delegation of 
Egypt to the WTO 
(August 2009).  
Egypt Anti-dumping duties on imports of primary dry cell 
batteries 1.5 volts – AA size (R6) from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/EGY of 
30 September 2009. Terminated without review 
on 13 June 2009. 
Egypt Anti-dumping duties on imports of matches in boxes 
regular size from Pakistan. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/EGY of 
30 September 2009. Terminated on 10 February 
2009. 
Egypt Introduction of an export license system on milled 
rice (HS1006.30).  Permanent Delegation of 
Egypt to the WTO 
(October 2009).  
El Salvador Temporary import ban (introduced on 25 April) of 
pork products from: Canada , Mexico, and the United 
States (A(H1N1) Flu related). Permanent Delegation of 
El Salvador to the WTO. The ban was lifted on 1 May 
2009. 
Gabon Import ban of pork and pork products from Mexico 
(A(H1N1) Flu related). Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN).  
Ghana Import ban of pork products from any country with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network (GPHIN).  
Honduras Import ban of pork meat  from: Canada, Mexico, and 
the United States (A(H1N1) Flu related).  Permanent Delegation of 
Honduras to the WTO. The ban was lifted in May 
2009. 
Hong Kong, 
China Establishment of the State-owned "Hong Kong 
Export Credit Insurance Corporation (ECIC)" to 
encourage trade by providing exporters with insurance protection against non-payment risk. Permanent Delegation of 
Hong Kong, China to the 
WTO, and WTO 
Document 
WT/WGTDF/W/41 of 
26 November 2008.  
India Increase in import duties on a range of iron and steel 
products from 0% to 5% (restoration of previous 
duty).   Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO.  
India Elimination of export du ties on steel products (which 
were imposed in May 2008). Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(31 October 2008).  
India Introduction of licensing requirements for imports of 
certain steel products and auto parts.  Some of these 
requirements were removed between December 2008 and January 2009.  Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(21 November 2008).  
India Under fiscal stimulus  measures taken by the 
Government: elimination of  import duties for naphtha 
for use in the power sector; reduction of export duties 
on iron ore fines (from 15% to 5%); and lumps. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO (7 December 2008).  
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation on imports of 
phthalic anhydride (HS 2917.35). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IND/17 of 16 December 2008. Provisional and definitive  
measures imposed (until 31 December 2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-58  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
India Initiation of countervaili ng investigation on imports 
of sodium nitrate from China. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(14 January 2009).  
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation on imports of 
linear alkyl benzene (HS 3817.00.11). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IND/18 of 19 January 2009.  
India Removal of export dut y and reduction of minimum 
export price for premium Basmati rice. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO (20 January 2009).  
India Temporary ban on imports of toys from China (six 
months), to ensure health and safety of children. 
Chinese toys allowed if accompanied by:  
 (i) a certificate that the toys being imported conform 
to the standards prescribed in ASTM F963 or 
standards prescribed in ISO 8124 (Parts I-III) or IS 9873 [Parts I-III]; 
 
(ii) a certificate of Conformance from the manufacturer indicating that representative sample of 
toys being imported have been tested by an 
independent laboratory which is ILAC accredited and 
found to meet the specifi cations indicated above.  Notification No. 82/(RE-
2008)/2004-2009 of 23 January 2009, amended by 
Notification No. 91/(RE-
2008)/ 2004-2009 of 2 March 2009.  
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation on imports of 
dimethoate technical (HS 3808.10). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IND/19 of 
6 February 2009. Provisional and definitive  
measures imposed (until 
22 March 2011).  
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation on imports of 
oxo alcohols (HS 2905). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IND/20 of 
9 February 2009.  
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation (China specific) 
on imports of soda ash (HS 2836.20). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/16/IND/3 of 
9 February 2009. Provisional measure imposed 
on 20 April 2009.  
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation (China specific) 
on imports of aluminium flat rolled products and 
aluminium foil (HS 7606; 7607). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/16/IND/4 of 
9 February 2009. Provisional and definitive  
measures imposed on 
2 February and 19 June 2009 
respectively.  
India Increase in the Minimum Support Price for cotton 
paid to local farmers. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(14 February 2009).  
India Export incentives for a variety of exporters, and 
specific export incentives for textile and leather 
products. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(26 February 2009).  
India Trade facilitation measures  such as enlargement of 
the list of entities authorized to import directly 
precious metals; removal of import restrictions on 
worked corals; and simplification of export licensing 
requirements for blood samples. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(26 February 2009).  
India Anti-dumping duties on imports of methylene 
chloride-II from Korea. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/IND of 
18 March 2009. Terminated on 14 October 
2008. 
India Anti-dumping duties on imports of para hydroxy 
phenyl glycine methyl pot assium dane salt (PHPG-
DS) from China and Singapore. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/IND of 
18 March 2009. Terminated on 11 November 
2008. 
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation (China specific) 
on imports of nylon tyre cord fabric (HS 5902.10). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/16/IND/5 of 
18 March 2009. Terminated on 6 April 2009. 
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
carbon black from Australia, China, Iran, Malaysia, Russia, and Thailand (26 December 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/IND of 18 March 2009.  
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
tyres curing presses from China (16 October 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/IND of 18 March 2009.  
Annex 1 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-59 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
radial tyres from China and Thailand (21 October 
2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/IND of 
18 March 2009.  
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
hot rolled products of steel from China, Indonesia, 
Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Malaysia, 
Philippines, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey and Ukraine (28 November 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/IND of 18 March 2009. Terminated without measure 
on 11 August 2009. 
India Imposition of 20% duty on imported so ybean oils. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(24 February and 24 March 
2009), and Customs 
Notification No. 27/2009. Duty removed.   
India Import duty exemption on pulses (Customs 
Notification No. 28/2009). Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(26 March 2009).  
India Exemption of import tariffs on raw and refined, or 
white sugar, under specified conditions. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO (17 April 
2009).  
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation (China specific) 
on imports of front axle, beam, steering knuckle and 
crankshaft. WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IND/16 of 
11 May 2009. Provisional measure imposed 
on 9 June 2009.  
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation on imports of 
acrylic fibre. WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IND/21 of 
11 May 2009.  
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation on imports of 
hot-rolled coils, sheet, strips. WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IND/22 of 
11 May 2009.  
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation on imports of 
coated paper and paper board. WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IND/23 of 
11 May 2009.   
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation on imports of 
uncoated paper a nd copy paper. WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IND/24 of 
26 May 2009.  
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation on imports of 
plain particle board. WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IND/25 of 
26 May 2009.  
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation (China specific) 
on imports of passenger car tyres. WTO Document 
G/SG/N/16/IND/7 of 
4 June 2009.  
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation on imports of 
unwrought aluminium.  WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IND/26 of 
30 June 2009.  
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
coumarin (HS 2932.21) from China. Notification 
No. 14/17/2009-DGAD 
(10 July 2009).  
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
penicillin-g-potassium from China and Mexico; and 
of 6- amino penicillanic acid from China. Ministry of Commerce and 
Industry, Gazette of India 
Extraordinary No. 14/19/2009-DGAD (22 July 2009).  
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
phenol (HS 2707.60; 2907.11) from Japan and Thailand. Notification 
No. 14/27/2009-DGAD (11 August 2009).  
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
acetone (HS 2914.11) from Japan and Thailand. Notification 
No. 14/31/2009-DGAD 
(2 September 2009).  
India Extension of the export ban on edible oils until 30 
September 2010. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(4 September 2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-60  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation on imports of 
sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) (HS 2815.11; 
2815.12).  WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IND/27 of 
15 September 2009. Preliminary findings issued 
on 15 October 2009. 
India Anti-dumping duties on imports of acrylonitrile 
butadiene rubber from Germany (31 January 1997). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND (forthcoming). Measure terminated on 2 
January 2009. 
India Anti-dumping duties on imports of met coke-I from 
China (6 May 1998). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND (forthcoming). Measure terminated on 
16 January 2009. 
India Anti-dumping duties on im ports of plastic ophthalmic 
lenses from China (5 September 2003). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND (forthcoming). Measure terminated on 
12 February 2009. 
India Anti-dumping duties on imports of caustic soda-IV 
from Chinese Taipei (27 March 2003). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND (forthcoming). Measure terminated on 
13 May 2009. 
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
penicillin-G from China (3 November 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND (forthcoming). Terminated without measure 
on 22 May 2009. 
India Initiation of anti-dumping i nvestigation on imports of 
power steering gear system from China (13 June 
2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming). Terminated without measure 
on 5 June 2009. 
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
flax fabrics from China; and Hong Kong, China (3 
October 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming). Provisional measure imposed 
on 26 March 2009. 
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
cold rolled products of stainless steel from China; 
EC; Japan; Korea; South Africa; Chinese Taipei, Thailand and the United Sates (25 November 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming). Provisional measure imposed 
on 22 April 2009.  
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
ceramic tiles from China (17 October 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming). Provisional measure imposed 
on 15 June 2009. 
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
front axle beam and steering knuckles from China (8 
December 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming). Provisional measure imposed 
on 15 June 2009. 
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
phosphoric acid from Korea (12 November 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming). Provisional measure imposed 
on 22 June 2009. 
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
diethyl thio phosphoryl chloride from China (17 
November 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming). Provisional measure imposed 
on 22 June 2009. 
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
polypropylene from Oman, Saudi Arabia and 
Singapore (24 February 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming).  
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
phosphorous chemical compounds from China and 
the EC (13 February 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming).  
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
viscose staple fibre from China and Indonesia (19 
March 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming).  
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) transmission 
equipment from China and Israel (21 April 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming).  
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
DVDs from Malaysia, Thailand, and Viet Nam (5 
May 2009).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming).  
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
circular weaving machines from China. (18 May 
2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming).  
Annex 1 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-61 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
barium carbonate from China (16 June 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming).  
Indonesia Import ban of pigs a nd pork products from countries 
with confirmed A(H1N1) Flu cases (ban not applied to processed pork derivatives). Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO.  
Indonesia Initiation of safeguard investigation on imports of 
dextrose monohydrate (DMH) (HS 1702.30).  Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO. Definitive measure imposed 
on 24 August 2009, for a period of three years.  
Indonesia Ministry of Health  Decree No. 1010/08 regulating 
registration and imports of  pharmaceutical products. 
The Decree establishes the separation between 
manufacturers and wholesalers to protect consumer health and the safety of pharmaceutical products. 
With regard to imports, initial registration must now 
be made through an Indonesian manufacturer. Once the registration process is complete the foreign 
company may directly sell to the wholesalers 
concerned.  Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO (3 November 2008). Amended on 1 December 
2008. 
Indonesia Initiation of safeguard investigation on imports of 
wire nail, wire of iron/non-alloy steel, not plated 
(HS 7217.10.10; 7317.00.10).  WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IDN/5 of 
17 November 2008. Definitive measure imposed 
on 1 October 2009, for a 
period of three years.  
Indonesia Restrictions on film impo rts. The regulation stipulates 
that celluloid film may only be imported in the form 
of negative film master or negative film dupe (reproduction of the master negative film), but may 
include a copy of the finished product. 
 The reported objective of the regulation is to deter 
film piracy and to increase efficiency of the 
enforcement of the Censorship Law. Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO 
(25 November 2008), and WTO Document 
G/MA/235 of 17 March 
2009.  The regulation entered into 
force on 1 January 2009. 
Indonesia New mining Law adopted in December 2008, 
promoting local processing of raw materials (mineral 
and coal). The regulation does not prohibit exports of 
these products. Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO (16 December 2008). Implementing regulations to 
be adopted. 
Indonesia New licensing, reporting, and pre-shipment 
inspection requirements on over 500 goods (food and 
beverages, toys, electronics , footwear, and garments).
 
Restriction on entry points for those products to six 
seaports and all internationa l airports.  The legislation 
is reportedly aimed at combating illegal trade and 
safeguarding health and safety through the 
development of an effective tracking system. Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO 
(1 January 2009 and 1 
February 2009).  
Indonesia Domestic content requirement for electric power 
generation infrastructure constructions by state-
owned enterprises.  Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO 
(15 January 2009).  
Indonesia Increase of import tariffs on 17 tariff lines such as: 
petrochemical, steel, and electronic parts. Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO 
(13 February 2009).  
Indonesia Reduction of import tariffs on 18 tariff lines.  Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO 
(13 February 2009).  
Indonesia Stricter enforcement of registration requirements on 
imported and domestic packaged food products. Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO 
(1 March 2009).  
Indonesia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
wheat flour from Australia, Korea and Turkey (17 November 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/IDN of 4 March 2009.  
Indonesia Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
hot-rolled plate from China, Malaysia and Chinese, Taipei (5 November 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/IDN of 4 March 2009.  
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-62  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Indonesia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
carbon black from India, Korea and Thailand (3 
December 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/IDN of 
4 March 2009.  
Indonesia New regulation stipula ting that exports of mining 
products, crude palm oil, coffee, rubber, and cocoa 
with an export value exceeding US$1 million must be 
supported by letters of credit issued by domestic 
banks. Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO (5 March 2009).  
Indonesia New import tariffs (from 0 to 5%) for raw materials 
for processed milk products (milk powder and 
processed milk). Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO 
(28 May 2009).  
Indonesia New Decree implementing pre-shipment inspection 
requirements for iron and steel products, to facilitate 
trade through among others reducing the number of 
products subject to verification (from 203 to 169 HS 
items), and expansion of the coverage of the type of importers exempted from import registration requirements. Ministry of Trade Decrees 
Nos. 08/M-
DAG/PER/2/2009 and 
21/M-DAG/PER/6/2009 
(11 June 2009).  
Indonesia Measure to facilitate trade through the 
implementation of a National Single Window. Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO (30 June 2009).  
Indonesia Government procurem ent regulations requiring the 
use of domestic products and services.  Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO (12 August 2009). Decree amended on 
13 October 2009. 
Indonesia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
H&I Section (HS 7216.32.0000; 7216.33.0000) from China (30 June 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IDN of 8 October 2009.  
Indonesia New Law on postal services abolishing monopoly 
power for certain postal services, and establishing 
specific conditions for forei gn providers (for example 
to cooperate with local service providers, majority of equity participation in joint ventures should be Indonesian, joint ventures between foreign and 
domestic providers limited to provincial capitals with 
international airports and seaports).  Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO (14 October 2009).  
Indonesia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
hot-rolled coil (HS 7208) from Korea and Malaysia 
(8 April 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IDN/Rev.1 
of 23 October 2009.  
Indonesia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
polyester staple fibre (HS 5503.20.0000) from China, 
India and Chinese Taipei (20 April 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IDN/Rev.1 
of 23 October 2009.  
Israel Anti-dumping duties on imports of flexible corner 
drywall tape from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/ISR of 19 
March 2009. Terminated on 7 December 
2008. 
Israel Initiation of safeguard investigation on imports of 
steel rebars. WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/ISR/1 of 2 April 
2009. Provisional measures 
imposed.  
Jordan Initiation of safeguard investigation on imports of 
white cement (HS 2523.21). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/JOR/13 of 
25 November 2008. Terminated without measure 
on 19 May 2009. 
Jordan Initiation of safeguard investigation on imports of 
ceramic tiles (HS 6907.90; 6908.90). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/JOR/14 of 
28 November 2008. Definitive measure imposed 
for a period of three years.  
Jordan Import ban on live swine, their meat and meat 
products (including transit) from countries with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases.  WTO Documents 
G/SPS/N/JOR/20 of 
25 May 2009, and G/SPS/N/JOR/20/Add.1 of 
18 August 2009. The ban on imports on swine 
meat and meat products was 
lifted on 15 July 2009. 
Kazakhstan Import ban of raw meat from: Mexico and a number 
of US states (A(H1N1) Flu related). Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN). The ban on imports coming 
from Mexico was lifted on 12 
May 2009. 
Annex 1 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-63 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Kazakhstan Reduction of import tariffs on equipment and raw 
materials that are not locally produced. Permanent Delegation of 
Kazakhstan to the UN 
(28 December 2008).  
Kazakhstan Increase of import tariffs on finished goods, 
competing with local production. Permanent Delegation of 
Kazakhstan to the UN (28 December 2008).  
Korea, Rep. of Temporary import ban of swine from North America. 
Imports of pork allowed after testing (A(H1N1) Flu related). Permanent Delegation of 
Korea to the WTO. The ban for pork imports 
from Canada was lifted. 
Korea, Rep. of Tariffs on imports of crude oil increased to 3% in 
March 2009. 
The tariff was lowered from 3% to 1% in 2004, on a 
temporary basis, in order to mitigate the effects of 
increases in oil prices.  In light of the subsequent 
stabilization of oil prices, the applied tariff was 
restored to its original rate at 3%. Permanent Delegation of 
Korea to the WTO (March 2009).  
Korea, Rep. of Initiation of anti-dumping i nvestigation on imports of 
adipic acid (HS 2917.12) from the United States (5 
December 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/KOR of 
9 October 2009. Provisional determination 
(no injury) on 25 March 
2009. 
Kyrgyz Rep. Import ban of all meat and meat products from: 
Mexico and certain US states (Arizona, Arkansas, and 
Florida) (A(H1N1) Flu re lated). Import ban on pork 
and pork products from a number of Central American countries (A(H1N1)  Flu related) (27 April 
2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Kyrgyz Republic to the WTO.  
Kyrgyz Rep. Initiation of safeguard  investigation on imports of 
white sugar (HS 1701.99.10). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/KGZ/1 of 4 March 2009. Terminated without measure. 
Kyrgyz Rep. Initiation of safeguard  investigation on imports of 
wheat flour (HS 1101.00.110; 1101.00.150). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/KGZ/2 of 
26 May 2009. Provisional measure imposed 
on 11 June 2009.  
Lebanon Import ban of pigs and pork from countries with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN).  
Former 
Yugoslav 
Republic of Macedonia Import ban of live pigs from: Mexico, the United 
States, and countries with A(H1N1) Flu confirmed 
cases. Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN).  
Malaysia Import ban of pork products from countries with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases.  Permanent Delegation of 
Malaysia to the WTO. The ban was lifted on 4 June 
2009.  
Malaysia Elimination of the current 10% import duty on 
cement.  
 Liberalization of imports of iron and steel products. 
  
Elimination of import licences for the construction 
and manufacturing sector. Permanent Delegation of 
Malaysia to the WTO 
(14 November 2008).  
Malaysia Liberalization of services sectors including the 
relaxation of foreign equity limits, by removing the 
30% "Bumiputra" equity ownership on 27 services 
sub-sectors (in areas such as health and social; 
tourism; transport; business; computer and related 
activities; and sporting). Permanent Delegation of 
Malaysia to the WTO 
(22 April 2009).  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of door knob locks 
(HS 8301.40.01) from China (29 January 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 
4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of footwear and parts 
thereof (HS 6401-6405) from China (19 June 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 
4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008. 
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-64  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of pocket lighters, 
gas-fuelled, non-refilla ble (HS 9613.10.01) from 
China (20 August 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 
4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of pencils 
(HS 9609.10.01) from China (20 August 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of baby carriages 
(HS 8715.99.01) from China and Chinese Taipei (21 August 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008. 
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of iron and steel 
valves (HS 8481) from China (21 August 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of candles (HS 
3406.00.01) from China (5 September 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008. 
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of tools (HS 8201; 
8203; 8204; 8205; 8206) from China (24 September 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of bicycles (HS 
8712) from China (18 October 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of brass and bronze 
padlocks (HS 8301.10.01) from China (21 November 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of organic chemicals 
(HS 2915-2941) from China (26 November 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of electrical 
machinery and equipment and parts thereof 
(HS 8501; 8504; 8508; 8509; 8515; 8516; 8532) from 
China (3 December 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of yarn and woven 
fabrics (HS 3005; 5204-5212; 5309; 5310; 5401; 
5402; 5404; 5407; 5408; 5506; 5508-5516; 5803; 
5911) from China (3 December 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of Christmas toys 
and trees (HS 9503; 9504; 9505) from China 
(5 December 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 
4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of articles of apparel 
and other made-up textile articles (HS 6101-6117; 
6201-6217; 6301-6310) from China (5 December 
2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 
4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Tariff reductions on 97% of manufactured goods.  
This reduction will take place in five annual phases.  
In 2013, the average applied tariff should be reduced 
to 4.3% from 10.4% (December 2008). 63% of the 
tariff lines should be duty-free by then.  Permanent Delegation of 
Mexico to the WTO 
(12 March 2009).  
Mexico Suspension of preferential tariff treatment, arising 
from NAFTA, on 89 tariff lines of goods originating 
in the United States. Permanent Delegation of 
Mexico to the WTO 
(19 March 2009).  
Mexico Imposition of new restri ctions on imports of diesel 
trucks. Permanent Delegation of 
Mexico to the WTO 
(31 March 2009).  
Mexico Measures to simplify trade procedures (Paquete de 
Simplificación Comercial) through the elimination of 
tariffs on imports of used parts.  Permanent Delegation of 
Mexico to the WTO 
(9 April 2009).  
Mexico Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
seamless steel tubes (HS 7304.19; 7304.39) from China (5 September 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Mexico to the WTO (4 September 2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-65 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of parathion-methyl 
(HS 2920.11.02; 3808.50.01) from Denmark. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188 of 
13 October 2009. Terminated on 25 February 
2009. 
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of steel beams from 
Brazil (HS 7216.32.01). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/MEX of 13 October 2009. Terminated on 30 June 2009. 
Mexico Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
carbon steel nuts (7318.16.03; 7318.16.04) from China (3 February 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/MEX of 13 October 2009.  
Moldova Import ban of pork and pork meat products from 
Canada (A(H1N1) Flu related).  
Ban on transit of live animals from countries with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network (GPHIN). The ban on imports from 
Canada was lifted. 
Mongolia Increase of import tariffs on eggs and potatoes (from 
5% to 15%), as from 13 March 2009. Permanent Delegation of 
Mongolia to the WTO, and 
Parliament Resolution 
No. 26 of 12 March 2009.  
Montenegro Import ban of pork from: North America, and 
countries with A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network (GPHIN).  
Morocco Import ban of pork products from any country with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN).  
Morocco Initiation of safeguard investigation on imports of 
ceramic tiles, flags and paving (HS 6908) 
(3 November 2008).  WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/MAR/4 of 
10 December 2008.  
Morocco Initiation of safeguard investigation on imports of 
PVC (HS 3904) (10 August 2009).  WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/MAR/5 of 
31 August 2009.  
Pakistan Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
soap noodles (HS 3401.2000) from Malaysia (18 November 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/PAK of 27 January 2009. Terminated without measure 
on 7 February 2009. 
Pakistan Anti-dumping duties on imports of glacial acetic acid 
from Chinese Taipei. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/PAK (forthcoming). Terminated on 25 February 
2009. 
Pakistan Anti-dumping duties on imports of ceramic tiles 
(HS 6907; 6908) from China (24 September 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/PAK (forthcoming). Terminated on 14 March 
2009. 
Pakistan Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
secondary quality tinplate from Belgium, France, 
Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States 
(16 January 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/PAK (forthcoming).  
Pakistan Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
phthalic anhydride from Brazil, China, Indonesia, 
Korea, and Chinese Taipei (25 May 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/PAK 
(forthcoming).  
Pakistan Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
grey back paper board (HS 4810) from China, 
Indonesia, Korea, and Chine Taipei (26 June 2009).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/PAK 
(forthcoming).  
Paraguay Anti-crisis programme including the "Buy 
Paraguayan" plan, which establishes a 70% 
preferential margin for domestic firms in government 
procurement.  Permanent Delegation of 
Paraguay to the WTO 
(February 2009).  
Peru Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation on imports of 
cotton yarn. WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/PER/2 of 
25 March 2009. Terminated without measure 
on 17 August 2009. 
Peru Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
biodiesel from the United States. Permanent Delegation of 
Peru to the WTO (12 July 
2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-66  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Peru Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
olive oil from Spain and Italy. Permanent Delegation of 
Peru to the WTO (12 July 
2009).  
Peru Initiation of countervaili ng investigation on imports 
of biodiesel from the United States. Permanent Delegation of 
Peru to the WTO (26 August 2009).  
Peru Anti-dumping duties on imports of iron hinges from 
China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/PER of 2 October 2009. Terminated on 12 May 2009. 
Peru Anti-dumping duties on imports of denim fabrics (HS 
5209.42; 5211.42) from Brazil (2 July 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/PER of 2 October 2009. Terminated on 7 June 2009.  
Peru Anti-dumping duties on imports of gypsum board 
from Chile. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/PER of 2 October 2009. Terminated on 17 June 2009. 
Peru Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
plain weave fabrics, unbleached, bleached or dyed 
(HS 5208; 5210; 5512; 5513) from China 
(11 February 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/PER of 2 October 2009.  
Philippines Tariff reduction on wheat; meslin; cement; and 
cement clinker to 0% for a period of six months, 
effective from 22 December 2008. Permanent Delegation of 
the Philippines to the WTO 
(7 November 2008). The period was extended for 
another six months on 10 
July 2009, except for feed 
wheat (HS 1001.90.99). 
Philippines Reduction and eliminati on of certain import tariffs on 
selected products (raw mate rial inputs and consumer 
products which are not locally available), under Presidential Executive Order No. 790. Permanent Delegation of 
the Philippines to the WTO 
(6 May 2009).  
Russian 
Federation Import ban of all meat and meat products from: 
Mexico, one province of Canada, four US states, and 
24 Central American and Caribbean countries 
(A(H1N1) Flu related).  Import ban of pig meat and live pigs from: one province of Canada, seven US states, and the United Kingdom (A(H1N1) Flu related).  WHO, Global Public 
Health Intelligence 
Network (GPHIN), and 
Official website of Rosselkhoznadzor 
(http://fsvps.ru). Some of the bans imposed at 
the end of April 2009 have 
been lifted on imports coming from different countries and states, on a 
case by case basis. 
Russian 
Federation Increase of export duties on copper (from 0 to 10%) 
(HS 7403). Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation. Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian 
Federation Reduction of meat tariff quotas and increase of non-
quota rates for pork (from 50% to 75%) and poultry 
(from 60% to 80%), (measure announced in November 2007, but effective as from 1 January 2009).  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(1 November 2008).  
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tariffs on certain types of 
engines and major components for certain types of vehicles.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (6 November 2008). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tariffs on certain types of civil 
aircraft (below 50 passengers capacity and more than 300). Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (6 November 2008). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tariffs on ferr ous scrap. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (6 November 2008). Measure extended for nine 
months on 14 October 2009. 
Russian 
Federation Increase of import tariffs on butter and certain types 
of dairy products (by €0.13 up to €0.35/kg (US$0.19- 
US$0.5)); and milk and dairy cream (by 5% up to 
20%); for nine months.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (6 November 2008). Effective until 6 December 
2009. 
Russian 
Federation Increase of import tariffs on cars (by 5% up to 30%); 
trucks (by 10%-20% up to 25%); buses (by 5%-15% up to 25%), for nine months  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (6 November 2008). Effective until 12 July 2010. 
Russian 
Federation Provisions granting preferences for local suppliers in 
government procurement. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (December 2008).  
Annex 1 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-67 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tari ffs on unalloyed nickel and 
copper cathode. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(24 December 2008). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian 
Federation Increase of import tariffs (from 5% to 15%) on wheat 
and silo harvesters, for nine months.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (9 January 2009). Effective until 14 November 
2009. 
Russian 
Federation Increase of import tariffs (from 0% to 5%) on soy oil 
meal, for nine months.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (31 January 2009). Effective until 6 December 
2009. 
Russian 
Federation Increase of import tariffs on rice and milling products 
for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (15 February 2008). Measure expired on 15 May 
2009. 
Russian 
Federation Specific import tariffs (€4.4/cm3 (US$6.5/cm3)) on 
combine harvesters and motor vehicles of special purpose, for nine months.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (26 February 2009). Effective until 4 January 
2010. 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tariffs on polye ster thread. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (10 March 2009). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tariffs on raw materials used in 
the production of rims for glasses. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (31 March 2009). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian 
Federation Increase of import tariffs on certain types of flat TV 
panels (from 10% to 15%), for nine months.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (31 March 2009). Effective until 7 February 
2010. 
Russian 
Federation Restriction on customs clearance points for exports of 
metal scrap.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (April 2009). Measure abolished. 
Russian 
Federation Increase of import tariffs (from 5% to 15%) on steel 
bars and rods (HS 7213).  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (3 April 2009). Effective until 7 February 
2010. 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import ta riffs on copper waste and 
scrap (HS 7404), for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(3 April 2009). Effective until 7 February 
2010. 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs on components used for 
the production of rims for glasses, for six months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(15 April 2009). Measure expired on 
28 October 2009. 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs on certain types of 
digital ships, for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(15 April 2009). Effective until 15 January 
2010. 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs on child safety seats; for 
nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(15 April 2009). Effective until 27 January 
2010. 
Russian Federation Increase of import tariffs on corn starch and manioc 
starch (from €0.06/kg to €0.15/kg (US$0.1 to 
US$0.2/kg)), for nine months.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(15 April 2009). Effective until 21 February 
2010. 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tari ffs on chicken and certain 
types of fertile eggs. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(20 April 2009). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian Federation Extension of import duty-free access for linear low 
density polyethylene, for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(20 April 2009). Effective until 20 January 
2010. 
Russian Federation Increase of minimum range of import tariffs on cane 
raw sugar (from US$140 to US$165/tonne), for eight 
months. Maximum rate of import tariff on cane sugar remains unchanged. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(1 May 2009). Effective until 31 December 
2009. 
Russian Federation Increase of import tariffs on asynchronous electric 
motors (15%), for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(3 May 2009). Effective until 3 February 
2010. 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-68  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Russian 
Federation Specific import tariffs (€0.35/kg (US$0.5/kg)) on 
"other plates", sheets, film , foil, strip of plastic, for 
nine months, on top of the 10% applied tariff.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(15 June 2009). Effective until 23 April 2010. 
Russian 
Federation Specific import tariffs (€0.07/kg (US$0.1/kg)) on 
pentaerythritol, on top of the 5% applied tariff for nine months.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (15 June 2009). Effective until 23 April 2010. 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tariffs on certain chemical 
products used in leather-shoe industry; and sheets for veneering of furniture made of topical wood. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (25 June 2009). Decision made on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian Federation Increase on import tariffs (from 0 to 5%, and from 
5% to 10%) on certain laundry equipment, for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (30 July 2009). Effective until 4 June 2010. 
Russian 
Federation Specific import tariffs (€5,000/unit (US$7,400/unit)) 
on bodies of motor vehicles, on top of the 15% applied tariff.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (14 August 2009).  
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tariffs (previously 15%-20%) 
on certain components of civil aircraft and flight simulators. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (20 August 2009). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian Federation Specific import tariffs (€0.5/kg (US$0.7/kg)) on 
cheese, on top of the 15% applied tariff.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (20 August 2009). Effective until 25 March 
2010. 
Russian Federation Extension of duty-free access for TV plasma screens. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (20 August 2009). Effective until 29 May 2010. 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tariffs (previously 5%) on 
certain medical equipments.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (21 August 2009). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs (previously 5%) on 
ceramic header for the production of catalysts. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (28 August 2009). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian Federation Extension of duty-free access for certain metal 
processing equipments (HS 8455 22), for nine 
months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (8 
September 2009). Effective until 8 July 2010. 
Russian 
Federation Specific import tariffs (€0.07/kg (US$0.1/kg)) on top 
of current import duty on caustic soda. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (13 
September 2009). Effective until 18 July 2010. 
Russian 
Federation Increase of import tariffs (from 0% to 5%) on water 
boilers, internal combustion engines, air and vacuum 
pumps, for nine months.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (15 
September 2009). Effective until 22 July 2010. 
Russian 
Federation Increase of import tariffs (from 0% to 10%) on 
certain type of pumps.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (28 
September 2009). Effective until 2 August 
2010. 
Russian Federation New import tariffs on polyvinylchloride (15%), but 
not less than €0.12/kg (US $0.18/kg), for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (18 
October 2009). Effective until 18 July 2010. 
Russian 
Federation Increase of import tariffs on snowmobiles (from 5% 
to 10%), for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (18 
October 2009). Effective until 18 July 2010. 
Russian 
Federation Reduction on import tariffs (from 20% to 15%) on 
certain types of corrosion-resistant pipes. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation. Effective as from 2 
November 2009. 
Russian Federation Increase of export duty (from 5% to 20%) on certain 
magnesium scrap, but not less than €138/tonne 
(US$204/tonne). Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation. Effective as from 8 
November 2009. 
Russian Federation Decrease of import tariffs on stamping machines with 
programmed numerical control (from 10% to duty-
free). Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (13 
December 2009).  
Saint Lucia Import ban of raw pork meat and animals from the 
United States (A(H1N1) Flu related). Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network (GPHIN).  
Annex 1 (cont'd)    WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-69 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Serbia Import ban (and transit)  of pigs and pork products 
originating from North and Latin America (A(H1N1) 
Flu related). Permanent Delegation of 
Serbia to the UN Office in 
Geneva. The ban for imports coming 
from the United States was 
lifted on 2 June 2009. 
South Africa Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
staple polyester fibre (HS 5503.20) from China (23 January 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
South Africa to the WTO (23 January 2009).  
South Africa Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
tall oil fatty acid (HS 3823.13) from the United States (29 May 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
South Africa to the WTO (29 May 2009).  
South Africa Reduction of import tariffs (many to duty-free) on 
235 tariff lines covering products such as textiles (12 
June 2009), garments (10 July 2009), aluminium 
products (24 July 2009), and chemicals, machinery 
and parts (14 August 2009).  Permanent Delegation of 
South Africa to the WTO (1 October 2009).  
South Africa Increase of import tariffs to their bound level on 121 
clothing tariff lines from 40% to 45%, and on 3 
hosiery lines from 20% to 45%. Permanent Delegation of 
South Africa to the WTO 
(9 October 2009).  
South Africa Anti-dumping duties on imports of suspension PVC 
(HS 3904.10) from Brazil, France, United Kingdom 
and the United States. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ZAF/Rev.1 
of 9 October 2009. Terminated on 8 May 2009. 
South Africa Anti-dumping dutie s on imports of uncoated wood-
free paper (HS 4802.5) from Brazil and Poland. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ZAF/Rev.1 
of 9 October 2009. Terminated on 8 May 2009. 
South Africa Anti-dumping duties on imports of aluminium 
hollowware (HS 7615.19) from China and Egypt. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ZAF/Rev.1 
of 9 October 2009. Terminated on 8 May 2009. 
South Africa Anti-dumping duties on imports of carbon black (HS 
28.03) from Egypt and India. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ZAF/Rev.1 
of 9 October 2009. Terminated on 8 May 2009. 
South Africa Anti-dumping duties on imports of welded galvanized 
steel pipe (HS 7306.30) from India. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ZAF/Rev.1 
of 9 October 2009. Terminated on 8 May 2009. 
South Africa Anti-dumping duties on imports of garden picks (HS 
8201.30) from India. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ZAF/Rev.1 
of 9 October 2009. Terminated on 8 May 2009. 
South Africa Anti-dumping duties on imports of automatic circuit 
breakers (HS 8536.20) from France and Italy. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ZAF/Rev.1 
of 9 October 2009. Terminated on 12 June 2009. 
Sudan Import ban of pork produc ts from any country with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN).  
Suriname Import ban of live animals, animal product, and raw 
pork, from any country with A(H1N1) Flu confirmed 
cases.  Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN). The ban for imports coming 
from Mexico was lifted on 14 
May 2009. 
Switzerland Temporary reintroduction of export refunds for 
cream. Permanent Delegation of 
Switzerland to the WTO, 
and Federal Law of 
Agriculture (Art. No. 13). As from January 2009 until 
at the latest December 2009. 
Switzerland Elimination of milk  quota system, as from 1 May 
2009 (Federal Law of Agriculture, Art. No. 36a). Permanent Delegation of 
Switzerland to the WTO (1 
May 2009).  
Tajikistan Import ban of pork and poultry from: El Salvador, 
Mexico, Russia, and certain US states (A(H1N1) Flu 
related). Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN).  
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-70  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Chinese Taipei Schools and colleges encouraged to buy local 
products. Local labour and lo cal products to be given 
priority in construction projects. However, any offsets and price preference measures shall not apply to 
GPA-covered procurements. Press reports, clarified by 
the Permanent Delegation 
of Chinese Taipei to the WTO.  
Thailand Import ban of live pigs from countries with A(H1N1) 
Flu confirmed cases. Permanent Delegation of 
Thailand to the WTO (27 
April 2009). The ban was lifted on 20 
May 2009. 
Thailand Anti-dumping duties on imports of flat cold-rolled 
stainless steel (HS 7219; 7220) from the EC (12 
March 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/THA of 18 
August 2009. Terminated on 19 March 
2009. 
Tunisia Reduction of certain customs duties under economic 
stimulus plan. Permanent Delegation of 
Tunisia.  
Turkey Increase of import tariffs on a number of products 
such as iron-steel – hot rolled flat products (from 5% 
to 13%); iron-steel cold rolled flat products (from 6% 
to 14%); iron-steel- coated flat products (from 3.4%-14% to 6%-15%); and dried apricots, prunes, apples 
(from 41% to 43.2%).  Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO (31 
December 2008). The tariffs for hot and cold 
rolled steel flat were reduced 
to 9% and 10% respectively 
on 18 September 2009. 
Turkey Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
knives for food processors (8208.30) from China and 
Hong Kong, China (15 January 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO (15 
January 2009). Definitive measure imposed 
for imports from China on 18 
June 2009. 
Turkey Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
glass lid/cover from Hong Kong, China and Indonesia 
(17 December 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/TUR of 5 
March 2009.  
Turkey Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
mono ethylene glycol (MEG) from Bulgaria, Kuwait 
and Saudi Arabia (26 December 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/TUR of 5 
March 2009.  
Turkey Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
pipe fittings (7307.91; 7307. 93) from China (18 April 
2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO (18 April 2009).  
Turkey Initiation of safeguard investigation on imports of 
matches (HS 36.04; 36.05) (2 May 2009). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/TUR/15 of 6 May 2009. Provisional measure 
imposed. 
Turkey Increase of import tariffs (from 80% to 130%) for 13 
tariff lines (wheat, melsin, rye, oat, buckwheat). Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO (15 May 2009).  
Turkey Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigations on imports 
of certain made up textiles and fabrics made of 
artificial synthetics fibres (HS 5407; 5810; 6005; 
6006; 6303) from China (25 July 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO (25 July 2009).  
Turkey Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigations on imports 
of articulated link chain and parts thereof (HS 7315) 
from China (25 July 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO 
(25 July 2009).  
Turkey Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigations on imports 
of fan coil (HS 8415.83.00.90.00) from China (25 
July 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO 
(25 July 2009).  
Turkey Increase of import tariffs (from 3% to 10-15%) for 
certain ethyl alcohol products. Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO 
(18 September 2009).  
Turkey Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigations on imports 
of woven fabrics of synthetic yarn fibre from 
Malaysia. Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO 
(28 October 2009).  
Ukraine Import ban of live pigs and pork meat from: Canada, 
Mexico, New Zealand and the United States (A(H1N1) Flu related).  Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network (GPHIN). The ban for imports from 
Canada was lifted. 
Annex 1 (cont'd)    WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-71 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Ukraine New legislation (established on 18 December 2008) 
restricting access of foreign companies to government 
procurement (except for goods which are not produced locally). Measure to be in force until 31 
December 2010.  Permanent Delegation of 
Ukraine to the WTO 
(18 December 2008). Measure abolished on 14 
July 2009. 
Ukraine Import duty surcharges up to 13%, except for "critical 
imports" for a term of up to six months, with a view 
to restore balance-of-payme nts (Article XII of GATT 
1994).  Notification to the WTO 
(WT/BOP/N/66 of 
9 March 2009)  Law No. 923-VI.   
WTO Document 
WT/BOP/N/68 of 18 May 2009. Import surcharges for all the 
products, except refrigerators 
and motor vehicles were eliminated in May 2009. 
Import surcharges on 
refrigerators and motor vehicles were eliminated as 
of 7 September 2009.  
Ukraine Initiation of safeguard investigation on imports of 
liquid chlorine (HS 28.0110.0000). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/UKR/3 of 
26 March 2009.  
Ukraine Initiation of safeguard investigation on imports of 
sheet glass thermally polished (float glass) (HS 
7005.29.35).  WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/UKR/4 of 
4 September 2009.  
Ukraine Anti-dumping duties on imports of citric acid from 
China (HS 2918.14). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/UKR of 7 
October 2009. Terminated without review 
on 8 April 2009. 
Ukraine Anti-dumping duties on imports of fireboard from 
Poland (HS 4411). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/188/UKR of 7 
October 2009. Terminated without review 
on 8 April 2009. 
Ukraine Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
halves and quarters of domestic hens, as well as legs 
and their parts (HS 0207.14.20.00; 0207.14.60.00), 
from Brazil and the United States (17 March 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/UKR of 
7 October 2009.  
United Arab 
Emirates Import ban of pigs and por k products from countries 
with A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Permanent Delegation of 
the UAE to the WTO (26 
April 2009).   The ban was lifted on 7 May 
2009. 
United States Initiation of count ervailing duty investigation on 
imports of ni-resist piston inserts (HS 8409.99) from 
Argentina and Korea (23 February 2009).  WTO Document 
G/SCM/N/195/USA of 
18 September 2009.  
United States Initiation of count ervailing duty investigation on 
commodity matchbooks (HS 3605.00) from India (24 
November 2008).  WTO Document 
G/SCM/N/195/USA of 
18 September 2009. Provisional measure imposed 
on 6 April 2009. 
United States Anti-dumping duties on imports of high and ultra-
high voltage ceramic station post insulators from 
Japan. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/USA of 
11 March 2009. Terminated on 30 December 
2008. 
United States  Omnibus Appropriations Act 2009 (H.R. 1105) which 
cancels funding for a test programme by the US 
Department of Transportation which allowed cross 
border trucking services with Mexico. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (11 March 2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-72  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
United States Interim rule amending the Federal Acquisition 
Regulation to implement the "Buy American" 
provision in the American Recovery and 
Reinvestment Act (ARRA) with respect to 
procurement by the Federal Government.   Rules and Regulations 
(Federal Register Nos. 
14623 and 14633) 
(31 March and 23 April 
2009).  
 Updated Implementing Guidance for ARRA which 
provides information relevant  to US States, other sub-
federal entities, and other entities subject to US 
obligations under international agreements, on the 
application of the "Buy American" requirement.  Both regulations require, in procurement covered by 
an international agreement,  that the "Buy American" 
requirement not be applied with respect to iron, steel, and manufactured goods of GPA and other trade agreements Parties. Rules and Regulations 
(Federal Register Nos. 
18449 and 18463) of 23 April 2009.  
United States Initiation of count ervailing duty investigation on 
imports of oil country tubular goods (HS 7304; 7305; 7306) from China. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the WTO (8 April 2009). Preliminary determination in 
September 2009. 
United States  Imposition of import tariffs (10%) on softwood 
lumber from four Canadian Provinces, as a result of 
an international arbitration tribunal, in the context of 
the bilateral Softwood Lumber Agreement. Federal Register/ Vol. 74, 
No. 68 of 10 April 2009 – 
[Docket No. USTR-2009-
0011] (15 April 2009).  
United States  Allocations for dairy export incentive programme 
(reintroduction of export subsidies, which were not 
used since 2003), for skimmed milk powder; cheese; 
and butter. USDA Release No. 
0178.09 (FAS PR 0081-
09) (22 May 2009).  
United States Dairy Export Incentive Programme: extension of 
dairy subsidies for another year, as from 30 June 
2009. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (6 July 2009).  
United States Initiation of count ervailing duty investigation on 
imports of polyethylene carrier bags (HS 3923.21) 
from Viet Nam (27 April 2009). WTO Document 
G/SCM/N/195/USA of 
17 September 2009. Preliminary determination in 
August 2009. 
United States Initiation of count ervailing duty investigation on 
imports of certain prestressed concrete steel wire 
strand (HS 7312.10) from China (23 June 2009).  WTO Document 
G/SCM/N/195/USA of 17 
September 2009. Preliminary determination in 
October 2009. 
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
polyethylene retail carrier bags (HS 3923.21) from 
Indonesia, Chinese Taipei, and Viet Nam (27 April 
2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/USA of 18 
September 2009. Preliminary determination in 
October 2009. 
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
oil country tubular goods (HS 7304.29; 7305.20; 
7306.29) from China (5 May 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/USA of 
18 September 2009.  
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
prestressed concrete steel wire strand (HS 7312.10) 
from China (23 June 2009).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/USA of 
18 September 2009.  
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
certain steel grating (HS 7308.90) from China (25 
June 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/USA of 
18 September 2009.  
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
wire decking (HS 7217; 7326; 9403) from China (2 
July 2009).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/USA of 
18 September 2009.  
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
commodity matchbooks (HS 3605.00) from India (24 
November 2008).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/USA of 
18 September 2009. Provisional measure imposed 
on 2 June 2009. 
United States Anti-dumping duties on imports of certain concrete 
reinforcing bar from Turkey. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/USA of 18 
September 2009. Terminated on 5 January 
2009. 
United States Anti-dumping duties on imports of gray portland 
cement and clinker from Mexico. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/USA of 
18 September 2009. Terminated on 6 April 2009. 
Annex 1 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-73 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
United States Anti-dumping duties on imports of certain colour 
television receivers from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/USA of 
18 September 2009. Terminated on 1 July 2009. 
United States Initiation of safeguard  investigation (China specific) 
on imports of tyres (HS 4011.10; 4011.20) (26 September 2009). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/16/USA/5/Suppl.1 of 30 September. Definitive measures imposed 
on 26 September 2009, for three years. 
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
seamless refined cooper pipe and tube (HS 
7411.10.1030; 7411.10.1090) from China and 
Mexico (27 October 2009). Federal Register: October 
27, 2009 (Volume 74, Number 206) (A-570-964, 
A-201-838) (27 October 
2009).  
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
PC strand from China. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009).  
United States Initiation of count ervailing duty investigation on 
imports of PC strand from China.  Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009). Preliminary determination in 
October 2009. 
United States Initiation of count ervailing duty investigation on 
imports of wire decking (HS 7217; 7326; 9403) from 
China (2 July 2009).  Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009).  
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
woven electric blankets from China.  Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009).  
United States Initiation of count ervailing duty investigation on 
imports of certain steel grating (HS 7308.90) from 
China (25 June 2009).  Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009).  
United States Initiation of counter vailing investigation on imports 
of narrow woven ribbons (HS 5606; 5806) from 
China and Chinese Taipei. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009).  
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
narrow woven ribbons (HS 5606; 5806) from China 
and Chinese Taipei. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009).  
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
magnesia carbon bricks (HS 6815; 6902) from China 
and Mexico. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009).  
United States Initiation of counter vailing investigation on imports 
of magnesia carbon bricks (HS 6815; 6902) from 
China. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009).  
United States Initiation of counter vailing investigation on imports 
of seamless carbon and alloy steel standard line and 
pressure pipe (HS 7304) from China. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009).  
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
seamless carbon and alloy steel standard line and 
pressure pipe (HS 7304) from China. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009).  
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
coated paper from China, and Indonesia. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009).  
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
steel fasteners from China, and Chinese Taipei. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009).  
United States Initiation of counter vailing investigation on imports 
of steel from China. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-74  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
United States Initiation of counter vailing investigation on imports 
of coated paper from China and Indonesia. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (2 November 2009).  
United States Initiation of anti-dump ing investigation on imports of 
sodium and potassium phosphate salts from China. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the WTO (2 November 2009).  
United States Initiation of counter vailing investigation on imports 
of sodium and potassium phosphate salts from China. Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the WTO (2 November 2009).  
Uruguay Amendment of the Law on drawback and temporary 
admission, granting more flexibility to exporters. Permanent Delegation of 
Uruguay to the WTO (8 June 2009).  
Uzbekistan Import ban of pork and pork products from several 
countries with A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases in North and South America (21 April 2009).  Permanent Delegation of 
Uzbekistan to the UN Office in Geneva.  
Venezuela Import ban of live pigs from any country with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Permanent Delegation of 
Venezuela to the WTO.  
Venezuela Establishment of import quota for vehicles (up to 
10,000) originating from Colombia (priority for 
buses, taxis and trucks) for the year 2009. Permanent Delegation of 
Venezuela to the WTO (16 
April 2009).  
Viet Nam Increase import tariffs on semi-finished products of 
iron or non-alloy steel from 2% to 5%; and for bars 
and rods of iron or non-alloy steel from 5% to 12%.  Permanent Delegation of 
Viet Nam to the WTO 
(9 December 2008).  
Viet Nam Increase export duties on: sand and stones from 12% 
to 17%; mineral products; and wood coal and wood 
for materials from 0% to 5% and 10%.  Permanent Delegation of 
Viet Nam to the WTO 
(26 December 2008).  
Viet Nam Variable import duties for paper products.  
Import tariffs on newsprint paper and uncoated paper 
were raised to 29% (up from 20% and 25% respectively).  Permanent Delegation of 
Viet Nam to the WTO 
(10 February 2009).  
Viet Nam Increase of import tariffs for certain dairy products 
(excluding powdered milk). Permanent Delegation of 
Viet Nam to the WTO 
(3 March 2009).  
Viet Nam Increase of import tariffs on meat and poultry (from 
17% to 33%), frozen beef (from 17% to 20%) and 
fresh pork (from 24% to 28%). Permanent Delegation of 
Viet Nam to the WTO 
(17 March 2009).  
Viet Nam Increase of import tariffs on steel, such as semi-
finished steel products (from 5% to 8%); steel 
products for construction (from 12% to 15%); cold 
rolled steel sheets and coils (from 7% to 8%); and 
coated steel sheets and coils (from 12% to 13%). Permanent Delegation of 
Viet Nam to the WTO 
(25 March 2009).  
Viet Nam Increase of import tariffs on alloy steel (long 
products) from 0% to 10%.  Permanent Delegation of 
Viet Nam to the WTO 
(13 April 2009).  
Viet Nam Reduction of import ta riffs on diesel and kerosene 
diesel fuel by 5%. Permanent Delegation of 
Viet Nam to the WTO 
(13 April 2009).  
Viet Nam Reduction of import tariffs on feed and raw materials 
used to produce feed (from 7% to zero).  Permanent Delegation of 
Viet Nam to the WTO 
(14 April 2009).  
Viet Nam Initiation of safeguard investigation on imports of 
float glass (HS 7005.21.90; 7005.29.90).  WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/VNM/1 of 
31 July 2009.  
Annex 1 (cont'd)  
 
  
   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-75 
 
 
  
NON-VERIFIED INFORMATION  
Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Algeria Ban on imports of certain pharmaceutical products 
and medical devices. Press reports 
(November and 
December 2008).  
Algeria Ban on imports of refurbished heavy equipment. Press reports 
referring to 
Complementary Finance Law of July 
2009.  
Algeria New law adopting measures restricting imports and 
foreign ownership, particul arly for service providers 
and importers.  Les Echos referring 
to Loi des Finances 
Complémentaire 
pour 2009 (Art 69) (7 August 2009).  
Argentina Reported delays in obtaining import licences in a few 
cases (affecting sectors such as apparel, appliances, 
automobiles, electronics, footwear, toys, and tires). Press reports, and 
industry sources 
(various dates).  
Bangladesh Export ban lifted for fine rice. Agra Europe (agra-
net.com) (27 July 
2009).  
Bolivia Elimination of import tariffs on fresh meat until 30 
April 2010.  Press reports 
(29 October 2009).  
Bolivia New regulation on sugar exports (establishment of a 
price band).  Press reports 
(29 October 2009).  
Bosnia & 
Herzegovina New Customs Law increasing import tariffs on 1,000 
items. Press reports 
(19 June 2009).  
China Export restrictions on rare minerals mainly used in 
high-tech products. WTO Reporter 
(6 October 2009).   
Egypt Elimination of import tariffs on yarn, tin and textiles. Global Insight 
(10 April 2009).  
Egypt Elimination of additional tariffs (10%) on imports of 
steel.  Press reports 
(18 April 2009).  
Egypt Elimination of a "precautionary fee" of 25%, which 
was imposed in January 2009, on imports of cotton yarn, fabric, and sugar from India. The Press Trust of 
India Limited (23 April 2009).  
India Import license requirement limiting imports to 
genuine end-user business with back-to-back export 
orders.  The Confederation 
of European 
Business, referring 
to Notification No. 122/08 of the 
Ministry of Finance 
(24 February 2009).  
India Removal of a two-year ban on wh eat exports. Business Standard 
Ltd (15 May 2009).  
India Extension of import ban on dairy products from 
China, until 24 December 2009. The Times of India 
(1 July 2009).  
India Re-imposition of ban on wheat exports. The Economic 
Times (13 July 
2009).  
India Extension of import duty reimbursement scheme 
(DEPB) until the end of 2009.  The Economic 
Times (21 July 
2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-76  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Kazakhstan Amendments of the law on public procurement 
introducing preferences for local goods (20%), and 
for local services and construction (15%). EC Commission – 
Fourth Report on 
Potentially Trade 
Restrictive 
Measures, referring to Law No. 156-IV (5 May 2009).  
Kazakhstan Import limit/quota on sugar (54,423 tonnes), 
applicable until 1 April 2010.  EC Commission – 
Fourth Report on 
Potentially Trade Restrictive 
Measures 
(12 August 2009).  
Mongolia Elimination of export tax on cashmere. 
 
Elimination of certain export quality restrictions on 
cashmere.  
Increase number of ports (from three to 20) and 
airports allowed to export cashmere. Press reports 
(12 June 2009).  
Morocco Temporary increase of import tariffs (from 50% to 
135%) on wheat and meslin other than durum wheat, 
until 31 December 2009. Agra Europe (Agra-
net.com) (8 June 
2009).  
Pakistan Imposition of export tariffs  (15%) on molasses. EC Commission – 
Fourth Report on 
Potentially Trade Restrictive 
Measures (13 April 
2009).  
Pakistan Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
hydrogen peroxide from Belgium, China, Indonesia, 
Korea, Chinese Taipei, Thailand, and Turkey. Press reports (31 
August 2009).  
Pakistan Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
hot-rolled coil from Belgium, Japan, Russia, Ukraine, 
and the United States. Press reports (4 
September 2009).  
Paraguay Introduction of import licensing requirements 
covering products such as poultry meat, clothing, 
cosmetics, and hygiene products. EC Commission – 
Fourth Report on 
Potentially Trade 
Restrictive Measures 
(December 2008 and 
February 2009).   
Paraguay Increase of import tariffs (10% and 15%) on certain 
chemical products.  EC Commission – 
Fourth Report on 
Potentially Trade Restrictive 
Measures, referring 
to Decree No. 1731/09 
(27 March 2009).  
Saudi Arabia Reduction of import  tariffs on 92 products, as from 
6 June 2009. Arab News (3 June 
2009).  
Saudi Arabia  Import ban on used cars, buses and light transport 
older than five years, and heavy trucks older than 10 years, as from December 2009. Press reports (9 June 
2009).  
Saudi Arabia  Import ban on equipment used  in water desalination. Press reports 
(26 July 2009).  
Annex 1 (cont'd)    WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-77 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Switzerland Increase of the export  credit for breeding cattle and 
"productive" livestock (from Sw F 4 million (US$3.9 
million) to Sw F 5 million (US$4.9 million)). Press reports 
(23 July 2009).  
Uruguay Reduction of import tariffs (18%) for low 
consumption bulbs/lamps.  Press reports (2 July 
2009).  
Venezuela Cancellation of import quotas for vehicles originating 
from Colombia. 
 
Establishment of import quota for vehicles (up to 
10,000) originating from Argentina. Agence France 
Presse and El 
Universal (6 August 2009).  
Viet Nam Introduction of automatic export licensing 
requirements on rice and minerals. 
 Introduction of automatic import licensing requirements on certain consumer goods.  EC Commission – 
Fourth Report on 
Potentially Trade Restrictive 
Measures 
(January 2009).  
Viet Nam Reduction of cotton import tariffs.  Press reports 
(April 2009).  
Viet Nam Implementation of the "Vietnamese use Vietnamese 
products" campaign. Asia Pulse Pty 
Limited (6 October 2009).  
 WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-78  
 
 ANNEX 1(a) 
 
Trade facilitating measures2  
(October 2008 – October 2009)  
 
Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Argentina Elimination of export taxes (set at 5% in August 
2006) for dairy products (35 HS tariff lines - Codes 
0401; 0402; 0403; 0404; 0405; 0406; and 
1901.90.90), as from 1 January 2009. Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO (6 March 2009).  
Argentina Anti-dumping duties on imports of cypermethrin 
(NCM 3808.10) from India (27 April 2006). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 
7 October 2009. Terminated on 23 March 
2009. 
Argentina Anti-dumping duties on imports of certain 
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (NCM 3907.60) 
from Brazil. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 
7 October 2009. Terminated on 22 May 2009. 
Armenia Import ban of animal origin food, raw materials, 
feedstuffs, live pigs, pork, pork semen, and feedstuff 
and feed additives for pigs prepared from pork from 
Mexico, Canada and the United States (A(H1N1) Flu 
related). Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN). The ban on imports from 
Canada was lifted. 
Australia Gradual reduction of applied tariffs on textiles, 
clothing, and footw ear products until 2015. Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(March 2009).  
Australia Anti-dumping duties on imports of polyethylene, 
linear low density (HS 3901.10; 3901.90) from Korea 
(3 December 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/AUS of 
3 March 2009. Terminated on 3 December 
2008. 
Australia Anti-dumping duties on imports of polyethylene, high 
density from Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and Sweden 
(18 March 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/AUS of 
3 March 2009. Terminated on 17 December 
2008. 
Australia Anti-dumping duties on imports of certain hot rolled 
plate steel (HS 7208.51; 7208.52) from China, Indonesia, Japan and Korea. Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO. Terminated without review 
on 1 April 2009. 
Australia Countervailing investigation on imports of hollow 
structural steel sections from China. Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO. Terminated on 5 June 2009. 
Australia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
hollow structural sections (7306.30; 7306.61; 
7306.69) from Malaysia (18 December 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/AUS of 
30 September 2009. Terminated on 20 May 2009. 
Australia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
hollow structural sections (7306.30; 7306.61; 
7306.69) from China (18 December 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/AUS of 
30 September 2009. Terminated on 6 June 2009. 
Azerbaijan Import ban of pork products from North America 
(A(H1N1) Flu related). Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN). The ban on imports from 
Canada was lifted. 
Bahrain Import ban of pork products from: Mexico, the 
United States, and any country with A(H1N1) Flu 
confirmed cases. Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN). The ban was lifted in October 
2009. 
Belarus Ban on fish imports . Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the WTO. The ban was lifted on 
1 August 2009.  
Belarus Import ban of meat, cattle, and poultry feed from: 
Canada, France, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, 
and the United States (A(H1N1) Flu related). As from 7 May 2009 import ban of pigs, pork and pork products from Poland (A(H1N1) Flu related). Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the WTO. The ban was lifted in October 
2009. 
Belarus Reduction of import tari ffs on trucks and road tractors 
for semi trailers emission class "Euro 4 and 5", for 
nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the WTO 
(18 June 2009).  
Annex 1(a) (cont'd) 
                                                      
2 These measures are also included in Annex 1.   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-79 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Belarus Elimination of import tariffs on 212 tariff lines (ten-
digit) of manufacturing equipment, for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the WTO (1 July 2009).  
Belarus Elimination of import tariffs on chemical wood pulp; 
and high tenacity yarn of nylon or other polyamides, 
for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the WTO 
(1 October 2009).  
Brazil Anti-dumping duties on imports of steel blade (for 
stone cutting) from Italy (9 October 2003). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/BRA of 
18 February 2009. Terminated on 13 October 
2008. 
Brazil Anti-dumping duties on imports of mushrooms 
provisionally preserved and prepared or preserved 
from China (18 December 2003). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/BRA of 
18 February 2009. Terminated on 19 December 
2008. 
Brazil Anti-dumping duties on imports of bicycle tyres from 
Thailand. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/BRA of 
18 February 2009. Terminated on 19 December 
2008. 
Brazil Decrease of import tariffs (from 14% to duty-free) on 
female sheath contraceptives; and trailers and semi-
trailers (from 35% to duty-free). (Included on its national list of exemptions to the 
Mercosur Common Tariff). Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(18 June 2009).  
Brazil Reduction of import tariffs (from a range of 12-14% 
down to 2%) on 114 products such as capital goods, 
informatics, and telecommunication equipments.  Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(18 September 2009).  
Brazil Anti-dumping duties on imports of horse nail or 
horseshoe nail (NCM 7317.00.90) from Finland and 
India (14 June 2004). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/BRA of 
18 September 2009. Terminated on 3 June 2009. 
Brazil Anti-dumping duties on imports of nitrate of 
ammonia (HS 3102.30) from Russia and Ukraine. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/BRA of 
18 September 2009. Suspended on 7 November 
2008, for a period of one 
year. 
Brunei 
Darussalam Import ban of pork meats from any country with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Permanent Delegation of 
Brunei Darussalam to the 
WTO. The ban was lifted on 
28 May 2009. 
Canada Elimination of impo rt tariffs on 214 tariff lines 
(machinery and equipment) , with duty rates ranging 
from 2.5% to 11%. Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(28 January 2009). Tariffs permanently 
eliminated as of 28 January 
2009. 
Canada Initiation of anti- dumping investigation on 
waterproof footwear (HS 6401; 6402; 6403) from 
China and Viet Nam (27 February 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(27 February 2009). Terminated on 25 September 
2009. 
Canada Anti-dumping undertaki ng on imports of filter tipped 
cigarettes tubes (HS 4813.10) from France (reviewed 
on 5 January 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO. Terminated on 6 April 2009. 
Canada Renewal of the program me allowing the remission of 
customs tariffs on the temporary importation of 
mobile offshore drilling units, for a further five-year  
period. Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(4 May 2009). Effective until 4 May 2014. 
Canada Anti-dumping duties on imports of wood slats (for 
Venetian blinds) (HS 4421.90) from China and 
Mexico (7 November 2008). Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO. Terminated on 15 July 2009. 
Canada Anti-dumping duties on imports of stainless steel 
wire (HS 7223.00) from India, Korea, Switzerland 
and the United States (12 November 2008). Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO. Terminated on 29 July 2009. 
Canada Countervailing duties on imports of stainless steel 
wire (HS 7223.00) from India. Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO. Terminated on 29 July 2009. 
China Elimination of export duties on 102 products 
including certain steel plates. 
Reduction of export dutie s on 23 products, including 
for example yellow phosphorous. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(1 December 2008).  
China Trade facilitating meas ures to speed up customs 
procedures and formalities.  Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(March 2009).  
Annex 1(a) (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-80  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
China Anti-dumping duties on imports of newsprint 
(HS 4801.00; 4802.61; 4802.69) from Canada, Korea 
and the United States. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO. Terminated without review 
on 30 June 2009. 
China Elimination or reduction of export taxes on certain 
products such as wheat, rice, metals, fertilizers and 
resource materials, as from 1 July 2009. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (1 July 
2009).  
China Administration measures and rules for verification for 
importation of auto parts with  the features of finished 
automobiles. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(28 August 2009). Abolished as from 
1 September 2009. 
China Anti-dumping duties on imports of acrylate esters 
(HS 2916.12) from Korea (9 April 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/CHN of 
9 September 2009. Terminated on 8 April 2009. 
China Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (HS 9027.20; 
9027.50; 9027.80) from Japan (5 June 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/CHN of 
9 September 2009. Terminated without measure 
on 20 April 2009. 
Colombia Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
blenders (HS 8509.40) from China (26 February 
2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/COL of 
12 October 2009. Investigation terminated on 
11 August 2009 (provisional 
duties reimbursed). 
Croatia Import ban of pork products and live hogs from 
several countries with confirmed cases in North and 
South America (A(H1N 1) Flu related). Permanent Delegation of 
Croatia to the WTO 
(29 April 2009). The ban was lifted for all 
countries except Mexico on 8 
May, and completely 
eliminated on 19 June 2009. 
EC Anti-dumping duties on imports of integrated 
electronic compact fluorescent lamps (CFL-i) (HS 
8539.31.90) from China. Commission Notice 
2008/C 258/04 (10 October 
2008). Terminated on 18 October 
2008. 
EC Anti-dumping duties on imports of para-cresol (HS 
2907.12.00) from China. WTO document 
G/ADP/N/180/EEC of 
11 March 2009 Terminated on 15 October 
2008. 
EC Temporary changes in the set of Commission Sate 
Aid guidelines increasing flexibility on short-term 
export credits. 
Various measures to increase access to trade finance 
for European exporters have also taken place at the 
national level. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (17 December 
2008).  
EC Anti-dumping duties on imports of certain welded 
tubes and pipes of iron or non-alloy steel from 
Bosnia-Herzegovina and Turkey. Commission Notice L 343 
(17 December 2008). Terminated on 19 December 
2008. 
EC Anti-dumping duties on imports of bed linen (cotton 
type) (HS 6302) from Pakistan. Commission Notice 
2009/C 52/08 (5 March 
2009). Terminated on 5 March 
2009. 
EC Anti-dumping duties on imports of Rainbow trout 
(HS 0302; 0303; 0304) from Faroe Islands. Commission Notice 
2009/C 57/04 (11 March 
2009). Terminated on 12 March 
2009. 
EC Increase in export refunds for milk and milk products. Commission Regulations 
No. 461/2009 of 4 June 
2009 (OJ L 139/15). Refunds for milk and milk 
products reduced on 
17 September and 
22 October 2009.  
EC Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
sodium metal (HS 2805.11.00) from the United States 
(23 July 2008). Commission Decision 
2009/453/EC (11 June 
2009). Terminated without measure 
on 11 June 2009. 
EC Initiation of counterva iling duty investigation on 
imports of steel sodium metal (HS 2805.11.00) from 
the United States (23 July 2008). Commission Decision 
2009/452/EC (11 June 
2009). Terminated without measure 
on 11 June 2009. 
EC Initiation of anti-dumping i nvestigation on imports of 
certain welded tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of square or rectangular cross-section, of iron other than 
cast iron or steel other than or non-alloy steel (CN 7306 6192; 7306 6199) from Belarus, Turkey, and 
Ukraine (13 November 2008). Commission Decision 
2009/C 698/EC (4 September 2009). Terminated on 9 September 
2009. 
Annex 1(a) (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-81 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Ecuador Import ban of live pigs and pork products from 
Canada and Mexico (A (H1N1) Flu related). Permanent Delegation of 
Ecuador to the WTO. The ban on imports coming 
from Mexico was lifted on 
12 May 2009. The ban on 
imports of pork from Canada 
was also lifted. 
Ecuador Import tariff reductions on 3,267 tariff lines covering 
products such as: raw materials (from 7.6% to 3.8%), 
and capital equipment (from 6.3% to 2.3%), not 
locally produced. Permanent Delegation of 
Ecuador to the WTO 
(December 2008).  
Ecuador Import tariff elimination for hybrid cars.  Permanent Delegation of 
Ecuador to the WTO (20 January 2009).  
Egypt Elimination of the export tax on cement on 19 
October 2008.  Permanent Delegation of 
Egypt to the WTO (October 2008).  
Egypt Revision of the tariff schedule for a number of 
products. Tariff decreases for products such as raw 
materials, and intermediate goods.  Presidential Decree No. 
51/2009 of 15 February 
2009.  
Egypt Elimination of import tariffs on sugar for the period 
15 August to 31 December 2009.  Permanent Delegation of 
Egypt to the WTO 
(August 2009).  
Egypt Anti-dumping duties on imports of primary dry cell 
batteries 1.5 volts – AA size (R6) from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/EGY of 
30 September 2009. Terminated without review 
on 13 June 2009. 
Egypt Anti-dumping duties on imports of matches in boxes 
regular size from Pakistan. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/EGY of 
30 September 2009. Terminated on 10 February 
2009. 
El Salvador Temporary import ban (introduced on 25 April) of 
pork products from: Canada , Mexico, and the United 
States (A(H1N1) Flu related). Permanent Delegation of 
El Salvador to the WTO. The ban was lifted on 1 May 
2009. 
Honduras Import ban of pork meat  from: Canada, Mexico, and 
the United States (A(H1N1) Flu related).  Permanent Delegation of 
Honduras to the WTO. The ban was lifted in May 
2009. 
India Elimination of export du ties on steel products (which 
were imposed in May 2008). Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO (31 October 2008).  
India Under fiscal stimulus  measures taken by the 
Government: elimination of  import duties for naphtha 
for use in the power sector; reduction of export duties 
on iron ore fines (from 15% to 5%); and lumps. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO (7 December 2008).  
India Removal of export dut y and reduction of minimum 
export price for premium Basmati rice. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(20 January 2009).  
India Trade facilitation measures  such as enlargement of 
the list of entities authorized to import directly 
precious metals; removal of import restrictions on 
worked corals; and simplification of export licensing 
requirements for blood samples. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO (26 February 2009).  
India Anti-dumping duties on imports of methylene 
chloride-II from Korea. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/IND of 
18 March 2009. Terminated on 14 October 
2008. 
India Anti-dumping duties on imports of para hydroxy 
phenyl glycine methyl pot assium dane salt (PHPG-
DS) from China and Singapore. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/IND of 
18 March 2009. Terminated on 11 November 
2008. 
India Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation (China specific) 
on imports of nylon tyre cord fabric (HS 5902.10). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/16/IND/5 of 
18 March 2009. Terminated on 6 April 2009. 
Annex 1(a) (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-82  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
hot rolled products of steel from China, Indonesia, 
Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South 
Africa, Thailand, Turkey and Ukraine (28 November 
2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/IND of 
18 March 2009. Terminated without measure 
on 11 August 2009. 
India Imposition of 20% duty on imported so ybean oils. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(24 February and 24 March 
2009), and Customs 
Notification No. 27/2009. Duty removed.   
India Import duty exemption on pulses (Customs 
Notification No. 28/2009). Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(26 March 2009).  
India Exemption of import tariffs on raw and refined, or 
white sugar, under specified conditions. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO (17 April 
2009).  
India Anti-dumping duties on imports of acrylonitrile 
butadiene rubber from Germany (31 January 1997). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND (forthcoming). Measure terminated on 2 
January 2009. 
India Anti-dumping duties on imports of met coke-I from 
China (6 May 1998). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND (forthcoming). Measure terminated on 
16 January 2009. 
India Anti-dumping duties on im ports of plastic ophthalmic 
lenses from China (5 September 2003). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND (forthcoming). Measure terminated on 
12 February 2009. 
India Anti-dumping duties on imports of caustic soda-IV 
from Chinese Taipei (27 March 2003). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND (forthcoming). Measure terminated on 
13 May 2009. 
India Initiation of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
penicillin-G from China (3 November 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND (forthcoming). Terminated without measure 
on 22 May 2009. 
India Initiation of anti-dumping i nvestigation on imports of 
power steering gear system from China (13 June 
2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/IND 
(forthcoming). Terminated without measure 
on 5 June 2009. 
Indonesia Reduction of import tariffs on 18 tariff lines.  Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO 
(13 February 2009).  
Indonesia Measure to facilitate trade through the 
implementation of a National Single Window. Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO (30 
June 2009).  
Israel Anti-dumping duties on imports of flexible corner 
drywall tape from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/ISR of 19 
March 2009. Terminated on 7 December 
2008. 
Jordan Initiation of safeguard investigation on imports of 
white cement (HS 2523.21). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/JOR/13 of 
25 November 2008. Terminated without measure 
on 19 May 2009. 
Jordan Import ban on live swine, their meat and meat 
products (including transit) from countries with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases.  WTO Documents 
G/SPS/N/JOR/20 of 
25 May 2009, and G/SPS/N/JOR/20/Add.1 of 18 August 2009. The ban on imports on swine 
meat and meat products was 
lifted on 15 July 2009. 
Kazakhstan Import ban of raw meat from: Mexico and a number 
of US states (A(H1N1) Flu related). Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network (GPHIN). The ban on imports coming 
from Mexico was lifted on 12 May 2009. 
Kazakhstan Reduction of import tariffs on equipment and raw 
materials that are not locally produced. Permanent Delegation of 
Kazakhstan to the UN (28 December 2008).  
Annex 1(a) (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-83 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Korea, Rep. of Temporary import ban of swine from North America. 
Imports of pork allowed after testing (A(H1N1) Flu 
related). Permanent Delegation of 
Korea to the WTO. The ban for pork imports 
from Canada was lifted. 
Korea, Rep. of Initiation of anti-dumping i nvestigation on imports of 
adipic acid (HS 2917.12) from the United States (5 December 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/KOR of 
9 October 2009. Provisional determination 
(no injury) on 25 March 2009.  
Kyrgyz Rep. Initiation of safeguard  investigation on imports of 
white sugar (HS 1701.99.10). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/KGZ/1 of 
4 March 2009. Terminated without measure. 
Malaysia Import ban of pork products from countries with 
A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases.  Permanent Delegation of 
Malaysia to the WTO. The ban was lifted on 4 June 
2009.  
Malaysia Elimination of the current 10% import duty on 
cement.  
Liberalization of imports of iron and steel products. 
Elimination of import licences for the construction 
and manufacturing sector. Permanent Delegation of 
Malaysia to the WTO 
(14 November 2008).  
Malaysia Liberalization of services sectors including the 
relaxation of foreign equity limits, by removing the 
30% "Bumiputra" equity ownership on 27 services sub-sectors (in areas such as health and social; tourism; transport; business; computer and related activities; and sporting). Permanent Delegation of 
Malaysia to the WTO 
(22 April 2009).  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of door knob locks 
(HS 8301.40.01) from China (29 January 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of footwear and parts 
thereof (HS 6401-6405) from China (19 June 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008. 
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of pocket lighters, 
gas-fuelled, non-refilla ble (HS 9613.10.01) from 
China (20 August 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of pencils 
(HS 9609.10.01) from China (20 August 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of baby carriages 
(HS 8715.99.01) from China and Chinese Taipei (21 August 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008. 
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of iron and steel 
valves (HS 8481) from China (21 August 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of candles (HS 
3406.00.01) from China (5 September 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008. 
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of tools (HS 8201; 
8203; 8204; 8205; 8206) from China (24 September 
2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 
4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of bicycles (HS 
8712) from China (18 October 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 
4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of brass and bronze 
padlocks (HS 8301.10.01) from China (21 November 
2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 
4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of organic chemicals 
(HS 2915-2941) from China (26 November 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 
4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of electrical 
machinery and equipment and parts thereof 
(HS 8501; 8504; 8508; 8509; 8515; 8516; 8532) from China (3 December 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 
4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Annex 1(a) (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-84  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of yarn and woven 
fabrics (HS 3005; 5204-5212; 5309; 5310; 5401; 
5402; 5404; 5407; 5408; 5506; 5508-5516; 5803; 
5911) from China (3 December 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 
4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of Christmas toys 
and trees (HS 9503; 9504; 9505) from China (5 December 2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of articles of apparel 
and other made-up textile articles (HS 6101-6117; 
6201-6217; 6301-6310) from China (5 December 
2007). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/MEX of 4 March 2009. Terminated on 15 October 
2008.  
Mexico Tariff reductions on 97% of manufactured goods.  
This reduction will take place in five annual phases.  
In 2013, the average applied tariff should be reduced to 4.3% from 10.4% (December 2008). 63% of the tariff lines should be duty-free by then.  Permanent Delegation of 
Mexico to the WTO 
(12 March 2009).  
Mexico Measures to simplify trade procedures (Paquete de 
Simplificación Comercial) through the elimination of 
tariffs on imports of used parts.  Permanent Delegation of 
Mexico to the WTO 
(9 April 2009).  
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of parathion-methyl 
(HS 2920.11.02; 3808.50.01) from Denmark. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188 of 
13 October 2009. Terminated on 25 February 
2009. 
Mexico Anti-dumping duties on imports of steel beams from 
Brazil (HS 7216.32.01). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/MEX of 
13 October 2009. Terminated on 30 June 2009. 
Moldova Import ban of pork and pork meat products from 
Canada (A(H1N1) Flu related).  
Ban on transit of live animals from countries with A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN). The ban on imports from 
Canada was lifted. 
Pakistan Initiation of anti-dumpi ng investigation on imports of 
soap noodles (HS 3401.2000) from Malaysia (18 November 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/PAK of 27 January 2009. Terminated without measure 
on 7 February 2009. 
Pakistan Anti-dumping duties on imports of glacial acetic acid 
from Chinese Taipei. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/PAK (forthcoming). Terminated on 25 February 
2009. 
Pakistan Anti-dumping duties on imports of ceramic tiles 
(HS 6907; 6908) from China (24 September 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/PAK (forthcoming). Terminated on 14 March 
2009. 
Peru Initiation of safeguard i nvestigation on imports of 
cotton yarn. WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/PER/2 of 25 March 2009. Terminated without measure 
on 17 August 2009. 
Peru Anti-dumping duties on imports of iron hinges from 
China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/PER of 
2 October 2009. Terminated on 12 May 2009. 
Peru Anti-dumping duties on imports of denim fabrics (HS 
5209.42; 5211.42) from Brazil (2 July 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/PER of 
2 October 2009. Terminated on 7 June 2009.  
Peru Anti-dumping duties on imports of gypsum board 
from Chile. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/PER of 
2 October 2009. Terminated on 17 June 2009. 
Philippines Tariff reduction on wheat; meslin; cement; and 
cement clinker to 0% for a period of six months, 
effective from 22 December 2008. Permanent Delegation of 
the Philippines to the WTO 
(7 November 2008). The period was extended for 
another six months on 10 
July 2009, except for feed wheat (HS 1001.90.99). 
Annex 1(a) (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-85 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Philippines Reduction and eliminati on of certain import tariffs on 
selected products (raw mate rial inputs and consumer 
products which are not locally available), under 
Presidential Executive Order No. 790. Permanent Delegation of 
the Philippines to the WTO 
(6 May 2009).  
Russian 
Federation Import ban of all meat and meat products from: 
Mexico, one province of Canada, four US states, and 
24 Central American and Caribbean countries 
(A(H1N1) Flu related).  Import ban of pig meat and live pigs from: one 
province of Canada, seven US states, and the United 
Kingdom (A(H1N1) Flu related).  WHO, Global Public 
Health Intelligence 
Network (GPHIN), and 
Official website of Rosselkhoznadzor (http://fsvps.ru). Some of the bans imposed at 
the end of April 2009 have 
been lifted on imports coming from different 
countries and states, on a 
case by case basis. 
Russian Federation Reduction of meat tariff quotas and increase of non-
quota rates for pork (from 50% to 75%) and poultry 
(from 60% to 80%), (measure announced in November 2007, but effective as from 1 January 2009).  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(1 November 2008).  
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tariffs on certain types of 
engines and major components for certain types of 
vehicles.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(6 November 2008). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tariffs on certain types of civil 
aircraft (below 50 passengers capacity and more than 
300). Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(6 November 2008). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tariffs on ferr ous scrap. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(6 November 2008). Measure extended for nine 
months on 14 October 2009. 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tari ffs on unalloyed nickel and 
copper cathode. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(24 December 2008). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tariffs on polye ster thread. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(10 March 2009). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tariffs on raw materials used in 
the production of rims for glasses. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(31 March 2009). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import ta riffs on copper waste and 
scrap (HS 7404), for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(3 April 2009). Effective until 7 February 
2010. 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs on components used for 
the production of rims for glasses, for six months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(15 April 2009). Measure expired on 
28 October 2009. 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs on certain types of 
digital ships, for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(15 April 2009). Effective until 15 January 
2010. 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs on child safety seats; for 
nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(15 April 2009). Effective until 27 January 
2010. 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tari ffs on chicken and certain 
types of fertile eggs. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(20 April 2009). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian Federation Extension of import duty-free access for linear low 
density polyethylene, for nine months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(20 April 2009). Effective until 20 January 
2010. 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs on certain chemical 
products used in leather-shoe industry; and sheets for 
veneering of furniture made of topical wood. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(25 June 2009). Decision made on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs (previously 15%-20%) 
on certain components of civil aircraft and flight 
simulators. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(20 August 2009). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian Federation Extension of duty-free access for TV plasma screens. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(20 August 2009). Effective until 29 May 2010. 
Annex 1(a) (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-86  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs (previously 5%) on 
certain medical equipments.  Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(21 August 2009). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs (previously 5%) on 
ceramic header for the production of catalysts. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 
(28 August 2009). Decision taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian Federation Extension of duty-free access for certain metal 
processing equipments (HS 8455 22), for nine 
months. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (8 
September 2009). Effective until 8 July 2010. 
Russian 
Federation Reduction on import tariffs (from 20% to 15%) on 
certain types of corrosion-resistant pipes. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation. Effective as from 2 
November 2009. 
Russian Federation Decrease of import tariffs on stamping machines with 
programmed numerical control (from 10% to duty-
free). Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (13 
December 2009).  
Serbia Import ban (and transit)  of pigs and pork products 
originating from North and Latin America (A(H1N1) 
Flu related). Permanent Delegation of 
Serbia to the UN Office in 
Geneva. The ban for imports coming 
from the United States was 
lifted on 2 June 2009. 
South Africa Reduction of import tariffs (many to duty-free) on 
235 tariff lines covering products such as textiles (12 
June 2009), garments (10 July 2009), aluminium 
products (24 July 2009), and chemicals, machinery 
and parts (14 August 2009).  Permanent Delegation of 
South Africa to the WTO (1 October 2009).  
South Africa Anti-dumping duties on imports of suspension PVC 
(HS 3904.10) from Brazil, France, United Kingdom 
and the United States. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ZAF/Rev.1 
of 9 October 2009. Terminated on 8 May 2009. 
South Africa Anti-dumping dutie s on imports of uncoated wood-
free paper (HS 4802.5) from Brazil and Poland. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ZAF/Rev.1 
of 9 October 2009. Terminated on 8 May 2009. 
South Africa Anti-dumping duties on imports of aluminium 
hollowware (HS 7615.19) from China and Egypt. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ZAF/Rev.1 
of 9 October 2009. Terminated on 8 May 2009. 
South Africa Anti-dumping duties on imports of carbon black (HS 
28.03) from Egypt and India. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ZAF/Rev.1 
of 9 October 2009. Terminated on 8 May 2009. 
South Africa Anti-dumping duties on imports of welded galvanized 
steel pipe (HS 7306.30) from India. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ZAF/Rev.1 
of 9 October 2009. Terminated on 8 May 2009. 
South Africa Anti-dumping duties on imports of garden picks (HS 
8201.30) from India. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ZAF/Rev.1 
of 9 October 2009. Terminated on 8 May 2009. 
South Africa Anti-dumping duties on imports of automatic circuit 
breakers (HS 8536.20) from France and Italy. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ZAF/Rev.1 
of 9 October 2009. Terminated on 12 June 2009. 
Suriname Import ban of live animals, animal product, and raw 
pork, from any country with A(H1N1) Flu confirmed 
cases.  Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN). The ban for imports coming 
from Mexico was lifted on 14 
May 2009. 
Thailand Import ban of live pigs from countries with A(H1N1) 
Flu confirmed cases. Permanent Delegation of 
Thailand to the WTO (27 
April 2009). The ban was lifted on 20 
May 2009. 
Thailand Anti-dumping duties on imports of flat cold-rolled 
stainless steel (HS 7219; 7220) from the EC (12 
March 2008). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/THA of 18 
August 2009. Terminated on 19 March 
2009. 
Tunisia Reduction of certain customs duties under economic 
stimulus plan. Permanent Delegation of 
Tunisia.  
Annex 1(a) (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-87 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Turkey Increase of import tariffs on a number of products 
such as iron-steel – hot rolled flat products (from 5% 
to 13%); iron-steel cold rolled flat products (from 6% 
to 14%); iron-steel- coated flat products (from 3.4%-14% to 6%-15%); and dried apricots, prunes, apples (from 41% to 43.2%).  Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO (31 
December 2008). The tariffs for hot and cold 
rolled steel flat were reduced 
to 9% and 10% respectively 
on 18 September 2009. 
Ukraine Import ban of live pigs and pork meat from: Canada, 
Mexico, New Zealand and the United States 
(A(H1N1) Flu related).  Global Public Health 
Intelligence Network 
(GPHIN). The ban for imports from 
Canada was lifted. 
Ukraine New legislation (established on 18 December 2008) 
restricting access of foreign companies to government 
procurement (except for goods which are not produced locally). Measure to be in force until 31 
December 2010.  Permanent Delegation of 
Ukraine to the WTO 
(18 December 2008). Measure abolished on 14 
July 2009. 
Ukraine Import duty surcharges up to 13%, except for "critical 
imports" for a term of up to six months, with a view 
to restore balance-of-payments (Article XII of 
GATT 1994).  Notification to the WTO 
(WT/BOP/N/66 of 
9 March 2009)  
Law No. 923-VI.   
WTO Document WT/BOP/N/68 of 18 May 
2009. Import surcharges for all the 
products, except refrigerators 
and motor vehicles were 
eliminated in May 2009. Import surcharges on refrigerators and motor 
vehicles were eliminated as 
of 7 September 2009.  
Ukraine Anti-dumping duties on imports of citric acid from 
China (HS 2918.14). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/UKR of 7 
October 2009. Terminated without review 
on 8 April 2009. 
Ukraine Anti-dumping duties on imports of fireboard from 
Poland (HS 4411). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/188/UKR of 7 
October 2009. Terminated without review 
on 8 April 2009. 
United Arab Emirates Import ban of pigs and por k products from countries 
with A(H1N1) Flu confirmed cases. Permanent Delegation of 
the UAE to the WTO (26 
April 2009).   The ban was lifted on 7 May 
2009. 
United States Anti-dumping duties on imports of high and ultra-
high voltage ceramic station post insulators from 
Japan. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/180/USA of 
11 March 2009. Terminated on 30 December 
2008. 
United States Anti-dumping duties on imports of certain concrete 
reinforcing bar from Turkey. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/USA of 18 
September 2009. Terminated on 5 January 
2009. 
United States Anti-dumping duties on imports of gray portland 
cement and clinker from Mexico. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/USA of 
18 September 2009. Terminated on 6 April 2009. 
United States Anti-dumping duties on imports of certain colour 
television receivers from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/USA of 
18 September 2009. Terminated on 1 July 2009. 
Viet Nam Reduction of import ta riffs on diesel and kerosene 
diesel fuel by 5%. Permanent Delegation of 
Viet Nam to the WTO 
(13 April 2009).  
Viet Nam Reduction of import tariffs on feed and raw materials 
used to produce feed (from 7% to zero).  Permanent Delegation of 
Viet Nam to the WTO 
(14 April 2009).  
 
 WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-88  
 
 ANNEX 2 
  
General Economic Stimulus Measures
3 
(October 2008 – October 2009)  
VERIFIED INFORMATION 
Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Australia Stimulus Package "Economic Security Strategy 
(ESS)" (1% of GDP). Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(October 2008). Over 90% of one-off cash 
payments have been made. 
Australia Programme of nation building investment (A$66 
billion (US$60 billion)) in infrastructure, including 
roads, metro rail, ports, universities and energy efficiency, under the Government's 2009-10 Budget. The A$42 billion (US$38.2 billion) Nation Building 
and Jobs Plan, announced in February 2009, included 
tax bonus payments for working Australians and investment in shovel-ready infrastructure projects. A further A$22 billion (US$20 billion), under the National Building for the Future infrastructure 
package was announced in the 2009-10 Budget.  Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(12 May 2009).  
Australia New South Wales Gove rnment Procurement: "Local 
Jobs First Plan" included in its Stimulus Package, 
providing a price preference for Australian and New 
Zealand content.  Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(16 June 2009). No implementing guidelines 
have been issued, or 
measures put in place 
activating the policy. 
Bangladesh Stimulus package (US$492 million) for a number of 
sectors such as agriculture, electricity generation, and 
social safety net programmes (financial year 2008-
09).  Permanent Delegation of 
Bangladesh to the WTO.  
Brazil Government credits (US$1.7 billion) for carmakers; 
and temporary reduction of the industrial products tax 
on car sales (until April 2009).  Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(7 February 2009).  
Brazil Additional credit line (US$4 billion) for State 
Governments through the National Development 
Bank (BNDES). Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(17 April 2009).  
Brazil Provisional Programme for Investment Support 
(interest rate of 4.5%) through the National 
Development Bank (BNDES PSI), to finance the production of capital goods destined for exports. Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(16 June 2009).  
Canada Stimulus package "Canada Economic Action Plan" 
(almost C$30 billion (US$27.9 billion) in 2009, but to surpass C$50 billion (US$46.5 billion) over the next 
two years, including stimulus  from other levels of 
government). Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO (27 January 2009).  
Canada Additional measures for the automotive industry, 
including the Canadian Warranty Commitment 
Programme, to guarantee warranties from GM of Canada and Chrysler Canada  during the restructuring 
period, and expanded accounts receivable insurance 
for automotive parts suppliers. Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(April 2009). Conclusion of the 
Programme on 16 September 
2009 (the accounts receivable insurance still in place). 
Annex 2 (cont'd) 
                                                      
3 The inclusion of any measure in this table implies no judgement by the WTO Secretariat on whether 
or not such measure, or its intent, is protectionist in nature.  Moreover, nothing in the table implies any judgement, either direct or  indirect, on the consistency of any measure referred to with the provisions of any 
WTO agreement or such measure's impact on, or relationship with, the global financial crisis.   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-89 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Canada Government of Cana da and the Government of 
Ontario provided loans to General Motors of Canada 
Inc. and Chrysler Canada Inc. In April 2009 the Chrysler Canada loan was increased to Can$3.7 
billion (US$3.4 billion), and on 10 June a 2% 
ownership stake in the automaker was taken.  Both Governments also increased the GM loan to 
Can$10.6 billion (US$9.9 billi on) in April, and on 10 
July took on a 12% ownership stake.  Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(April 2009). Loan agreements 
implemented. 
Canada Under the Canadian Secured Credit Facility, the 
Government has committed to purchase up to Can$12 
billion (US$11.2 billion) of newly issued term asset-
back securities (ABS) backed by loans and leases on vehicles and equipment, a nd dealer floor plan loans 
through the Business Development Banks. Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO (8 May 2009). Funds available until 
31 March 2010. 
Canada Government funding (Can$1 billion 
(US$929.7 million)) for Canadian pulp and paper 
producers that invest in improved energy efficiency 
and environmental performance.   Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO (18 June 2009).  
Canada Government loan (C an$100 million (US$93 million), 
through "Canada Account" to Air Canada. Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(29 July 2009).  
China Increase of short-term export credit insurance by 
China Export and Credit Insurance Corporation to 
US$84 billion in 2009. Increase of preferential export buyer' credit by the 
Import-Export Bank of China to US$10 billion in 
2009. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO.  
China Support credit guarantee for SMEs (Y 1.6 billion 
(US$234.3 million)). Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (October 2008).  
China Reduction of purchase tax for cars of 1,600cc and 
below. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (20 January 2009). Measure valid from 20 
January until 31 December 2009. 
China Expansion of the scope of the support policy for 
disposal and renewal of used vehicles (refund of no more than the purchase tax of the vehicle). Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (March 2009).  
China Financial refund for farmers purchasing light cargo 
vehicles. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (1 March 2009). Measure valid from 1 March 
until 31 December 2009. 
China From the beginning of 2009, adjusting and 
reinvigorating plans for 10 industries, including iron 
and steel, automotive, ship- building, petrochemicals, 
light manufacturing, tex tiles, non-ferrous metals, 
equipment manufacturing, electronics and information, and logistic. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (April 2009).  
China "Old for new" pilot incentive programme (a support 
of no more than 10% of the sales price of the product) 
for household electrical appliances including: TV, 
refrigerators, washing mach ines, air conditioners, and 
computers to be carried out in certain Provinces and cities (Y 2 billion (US$293 million)). Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (June 2009).  
China Policies to promote th e accelerated development of 
bio-industries.  Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(2 June 2009). Specific implementing 
measures still to be defined. 
China Establishment of the Financing Guarantee Special 
Funds for SMEs. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(7 August 2009).  
Costa Rica Economic and social stimulus programme (Plan 
Escudo) including measures (among others) aimed at 
strengthening the banking sy stem, facilitating credit 
for SMEs, and capitalization of State banks. Permanent Delegation of 
Costa Rica to the WTO.  
Annex 2 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-90  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
EC Increase (from €25 billion to €50 billion (US$37- 
US$74 billion)) for the outstanding amount of loans 
to be granted under the EC medium-term assistance for balance-of-payments facility. Council Regulation No. 
431/2009 of 18 May 2009 
(OJ L 128/1).  
Austria Temporary aid scheme granting compatible aid of up 
to €500,000 (US$740,000), in the form of direct 
grants, interest rate subsid ies, subsidised public loans 
and public guarantees. (Beneficiary: companies that were not in difficulty on 1 July 2008). 
The scheme was amended on 18 June 2009 
(€10 billion (US$14.8 billion) budget increase). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation 
(20 March 2009). Aid can be granted until 
31 December 2010. 
Austria Temporary modification of the existing risk capital 
investment scheme ‘Eigenkapitalgarantien’. In 
particular, the measure allows an increase of the maximum investment tranches from €1.5 million 
(US$2.2 million) to €2.5 m illion (US$3.7 million) 
over each 12-month period until 31 December 2010. The minimum private participation for risk capital 
investments is temporarily reduced from 50% to 30%. 
(Beneficiary: businesses). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation 
(25 March 2009).  
Belgium Temporary scheme providing aid in the form of 
subsidized guarantees for investment and working 
capital loans. The reduction of the guarantee fee can be applied during the period of up to two years for loan guarantees contracted no later than 
31 December 2010. Where the duration of the 
underlying loan exceeds two years, the safe harbour premiums may be applied for the remaining period of 
the guarantee. The maximum duration of guarantees 
granted under the scheme is limited to five years. (Beneficiary: companies in Fl anders that were not in 
difficulty on 1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC Delegation 
(20 March 2009).  
Belgium Arkimedes risk-capital programme, increase of 
annual investment tranches. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (3 June 2009).  
Czech Republic Temporary scheme allowing government, regional 
and local authorities to grant aid in the form of reduced interest rates on loans. The lower rates 
available for loans contracted no later than 
31 December, but only on interest payments up to 31 December 2012. After that date firms have to pay 
market rates. (Beneficiary: companies that were not 
in difficulty on 1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (6 May 2009).  
Czech Republic Temporary scheme granting compatible aid of up to 
€500,000 (US$740,000) per company over the period 
2009-10. The aid can be granted in the form of direct grants, reimbursable grants, interest rate subsidies, 
subsidised public loans and public guarantees. 
(Beneficiary: companies that  were not in difficulty on 
1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (7 May 2009).  
Annex 2 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-91 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Denmark Export credit insurance scheme, under which, the 
Danish state export-credit agency Eksport Kredit 
Fonden (EKF) can provide export-credit reinsurance to complement insurance cover available on the 
private market. Under the re insurance agreement with 
the private credit insurer, EFK takes over the part of the risk related to those tr ansactions for which private 
insurers have withdrawn their cover. Both, the private 
insurers and the exporters retain part of the underlying risk. (Beneficiary: export firms). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (6 May 2009).  
Estonia Aid up to €500,000 (US$740,000) per company in the 
form of grant, loans and guarantees, until 
31 December 2010. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC Delegation (13 July 2009).  
Finland Scheme granting aid of up to €500 000 (US$740,000) 
per company. (Beneficiary: companies that were not in difficulty on 1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (3 June 2009). . 
Finland Guarantee scheme providing relief in the form of 
subsidized guarantees for investment and working 
capital loans concluded by 31 December 2010. 
(Beneficiary: companies that  were not in difficulty on 
1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (9 June 2009).  
Finland Export credit insurance scheme: short-term export-
credit insurance coverage to  companies established in 
Finland. The maximum coverage would be 90% for both commercial and political risk, which means that 
the exporters would have to assume at least 10% of 
the underlying risk themselves. (Beneficiary: 
companies that were not in difficulty on 1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC Delegation (22 June 2009).  
France "Régime temporaire d'aides compatibles d'un montant 
limité".  This measure allows State, regional or local 
authorities and certain public bodies to grant aid of up to €500,000 (US$740,000) in 2009 and 2010 to 
businesses which find themselves in difficulty as a 
result of the economic crisis. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (19 January 
2009).  
France "Régime temporaire de prêts bonifiés pour les 
entreprises fabriquant des produits verts".  This 
measure provides reduced-interest loans to business investing in the production of green products. 
Supports businesses faced with financing problems 
because of the credit squeeze while at the same time making it easier for them to invest in products with an environmental benefit. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (3 February 
2009).  
France "Régime temporaire d'aides sous forme de taux 
d'intérêts bonifiés".  This measure allows State, 
regional or local authorities and certain public bodies 
to grant aid in the form of  reduced interest rates on 
loans.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (4 February 2009).  
France "Régime temporaire d'aides s ous forme de garanties".  
This scheme allows State authorities to grant aid, 
until 31 December 2010, in th e form of subsidized 
guarantees for investment and working capital loans.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (27 February 
2009).  
Annex 2 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-92  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
France Loans to car industry. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (28 February 
2009).  
France Modification of risk capital scheme. The temporary 
modification consists of raising the maximum 
investment tranches from €1.5 million to €2.5 million (US$2.2-US$3.7 million) over each 12-month period. 
This amendment is valid until the end of 2010. 
(Beneficiary: businesses). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation  
(16 March 2009).  
France Aid scheme (€25 million (US$37 million)) for 
provision of risk capital from 2009 until 31 December 2010. (Beneficiary: SMEs (all sectors)). Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (30 June 2009).  
France Short-term export credit in surance. Coface, a public 
export credit agency, to provide short-term export-credit insurance to companie s established in France, 
where such cover is unavaila ble in the private market. 
Only financially sound export transactions would be eligible for support under the measure. The 
Commission authorised the measure until 
31 December 2010.  Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation  (5 October 2009).  
Germany KfW-run loan component of German 
"Konjunkturprogramm" for larger companies.  Aid to 
undertakings affected by the current credit squeeze.  The programme will be administered by the 
Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation  
(30 December 2008).  
Germany Federal Framework Scheme for small amounts of 
capital aid up to €500,000 (US$740,000) per 
company until 2010. 
The scheme was amended on 4 June 2009. Risk-capital injunctions in the form  of direct grants up to 
€500,000 (US$740,000). Private investment, 
particularly in the form of wholly or partially  
privately funded constructi ons, is explicitly excluded 
from the scheme. (Beneficiary: undertakings with 
normally a maximum turnover of €500 million (US$740 million), excluding companies that were in 
difficulty on 1 July 2008). 
Second amendment on 17 July 2009 calculating the aid element of public guarant ees on the basis of safe 
harbour premiums of the EC's Temporary 
Framework.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation  
(30 December 2008).  
Germany More flexible capital investments until 2010 for 
SMEs that are in early stages of development. 
Measure increases the maximum investment ranges from €1.5 million to €2.5 m illion (US$2.2 million to 
US$3.7 million). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation 
(3 February 2009).  
Germany Loans at low interest rates for companies 
encountering financial difficulties as a result of the 
economic and financial crisis.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC Delegation 
(19 February 2009).  
Annex 2 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-93 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Germany Subsidized State guarantees for companies in the 
form of investment and working capital loans.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation 
(27 February 2009).  
Germany Tax refund aid scheme  (€570 million (US$843.6 
million) through reduction of energy costs of primary 
agricultural and forestry production, until 31 December 2009. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (13 July 2009).  
Germany Temporary reduced-interest loans scheme for green 
products. (Beneficiary: companies that were not in 
difficulty on 1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation  (4 August 2009).  
Germany Short-term export credit insurance. The German state 
export credit insurance scheme, managed by a Consortium consisting of Euler Hermes and 
PricewaterhouseCoopers, provide short-term export-
credit insurance to comp anies established in 
Germany, where such cover is unavailable in the 
private market for financially sound export 
transactions. To receive insurance under the scheme, 
a considerable proportion of the risk needs to be 
retained by the exporter, to ensure that only sound 
transactions are covered. This measure is authorised until 31 December 2010.  Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation  (6 August 2009).  
Germany Aid scheme (overall budget €360 million (US$532.8 
million), annual budget €120 million (US$177.6 
million)), from 1 July 2009 to 31 December 2011. (Beneficiary: firms from the Hessen Region in difficulty from all sectors). EC State Aid N 458/09 (OJ 
2009/C 230/01)  
(14 August 2009).  
Germany Scheme to facilitate the refinancing of export credits 
(overall budget €1.5 billion (US$2.2 billion)) through 
KfW Frankfurt am Main, from 15 September 2009 until 14 March 2010. EC State Aid N 456/09 (OJ 
2009/C 247/01)  
(15 September 2009).  
Greece Scheme for subsidized guara ntees for investment and 
working capital loans concluded by 31 December 
2010. (Beneficiary: companies that were not in difficulty on 1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (3 June 2009).  
Greece Scheme allowing aid in the form of reduced interest 
rates on loans concluded by 31 December 2010. 
(Beneficiary: companies that  were not in difficulty on 
1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (3 June 2009).  
Greece Aid up to €500,000 (US$740,000) per company in the 
form of grants, until 31 December 2010. Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (16 July 2009).  
Annex 2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-94  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Hungary Temporary aid scheme for granting limited amount of 
compatible aid. The scheme enables the granting of  
aid of up to €500,000 (US$740,000) and reduced interest loans. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation  
(24 February 2009).  
Hungary Temporary scheme allowing authorities to grant aid 
in the form of subsidized guarantees for investment and working capital. During the period of up to two 
years the guarantee fee for loan and leasing 
guarantees contracted no later than 31 December can be reduced by 25% compared with the market level 
fee. The guarantee coverage can amount to 90% of 
the underlying loan or leasing. Guarantees can only be given under the scheme to SMEs up to a total of 
€2.5 million (US$3.7 milli on) per beneficiary. 
(Beneficiary: companies that  were not in difficulty on 
1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation  
(10 March 2009).  
Hungary Application of rules relating to aid in the form of 
guarantees under the Temporary Framework. Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (1 July 2009).  
Ireland Temporary measure allowing the State to grant aid of 
up to €500,000 (US$740,000) per firm in 2009 and 
2010. The aid can be granted in the form of direct grants, reimbursable grants, interest rate subsidies, 
and subsidized public loan s. (Beneficiary: companies 
that were not in difficulty on 1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (14 April 
2009).  
Italy Adaptation of existing risk capital schemes to 
increase companies' financing by increasing the 
maximum investment tranches and reduced private participation, until 31 December 2010. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC Delegation (20 May 2009).  
Italy Scheme allowing up to €500,000 (US$740,000) per 
company in the form of debt write off, direct grant, interest subsidy until 31 December 2010. 
(Beneficiary: companies that  were not in difficulty on 
1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (28 May 2009).  
Italy Guarantee scheme until 31 December 2010. 
(Beneficiary: companies that  were not in difficulty on 
1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (28 May 2009).  
Italy Reduced interest rate until 31 December 2010. 
(Beneficiary: companies that  were not in difficulty on 
1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (29 May 2009).  
Latvia Temporary measure aimed at supporting exporters by 
covering risks and serving as additional security for export transaction financing (where deferred payment 
does not exceed two years). Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (19 March 2009). Measure to be terminated by 
31 December 2010. 
Annex 2 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-95 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Lithuania Scheme allowing aid of up to €500,000 
(US$740,000) per firm to businesses facing funding 
problems because of the current credit squeeze. (Beneficiary: companies  th at were not in difficulty 
on 1 July 2008).  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (8 June 2009).  
Luxembourg  "Régime temporaire d'aides au redressement 
économique".  This scheme enables granting aid of 
up to €500,000 (US$740,000) to businesses likely to have a structural impact on the national or regional 
economy. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (27 February 
2009).  
Luxembourg Temporary guarantee scheme enabling the 
Government to grant aid to businesses until 
31 December 2010 in the form of guarantees for investment and working capital. The reduction in the 
guarantee premium will apply for a maximum of two 
years. If the duration of the underlying loan exceeds two years, the safe harbour  premium can be applied 
for an additional maximum period of eight years. No 
further reduction can be applied to these guarantee premiums. The guarantees granted under this aid 
scheme will last for 10 years at most. (Beneficiary: 
companies that were not in difficulty on 1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (11 March 
2009).  
Luxembourg Temporary export-credit insurance scheme, under 
which the export-credit agency concerned, Ducroire 
Luxembourg, will provide e xport-credit insurance to 
complement insurance policies taken out with private 
insurance companies. Ducroire can provide credit up to a higher limit where evid ence exists that private 
insurers have excessively reduced or even refused 
credit. The budget earmarked for this measure amounts to €25 million (US$37 million). 
(Beneficiary: Insurance market). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (20 April 
2009).  
Malta Support measure for businesses, up to €500,000 
(US$740,000) per firm may be granted in 2009 and 
2010. (Beneficiary: businesses facing funding problems because of the current credit crunch). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (18 May 2009).  
Netherlands Temporary scheme to help business to deal with the 
current economic crisis. Authorities at national, 
regional and local level may grant aid of up to €500,000 (US$740,000) per firm in 2009 and 2010 to 
businesses facing funding problems because of the 
current credit crunch.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC Delegation (1 April 2009).  
Netherlands Export credit insurance – reinsurance scheme.  The 
State will provide a reinsu rance facility, which would 
top up the cover offered by credit insurers in cases 
where the existing credit lim its have been reduced or 
new limits given by credit in surers are lower than the 
amount requested by the insured company. The 
maximum possible top-up amount provided by the Dutch State is 100% of the credit limit offered by the 
credit insurer. In particular, the measure requires 
market-oriented remuneration and is focussed specifically on the problem of the current 
unavailability of short-term  export credit insurance 
cover in the private market. The Commission authorised the measure until 31 December 2010.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (2 October 
2009).  
Annex 2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-96  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Portugal Soft loans for granting of aid of up to €500,000 
(US$740,000) for 2009 and 2010.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (19 January 
2009).  
Poland Temporary scheme for granting aid of up to €500,000 
(US$740,000) per firm. Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (17 August 2009).  
Romania Scheme allowing aid in the form of subsidized 
guarantees for investment and working capital loans concluded by 31 December 2010. (Beneficiary: 
companies  that were not in difficulty on 1 July 
2008). Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (5 June 2009).  
Slovak Rep. Temporary measure allowing the State to grant aid of 
up to €500,000 (US$740,000) per firm in 2009 and 
2010. The aid can be granted in the form of grants and remission of penalties fo r non-payment of taxes. 
(Beneficiary: companies that  were not in difficulty on 
1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (30 April 
2009).  
Slovenia Scheme allowing aid of up to €500,000 
(US$740,000) per company.  (Beneficiary: 
companies that were not in difficulty on 1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (12 June 2009).  
Slovenia Scheme allowing aid in the form of subsidized 
guarantees for investment and working capital loans 
concluded by 31 December 2010.  (Beneficiary: 
companies  that were not in difficulty on  
1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (12 June 2009).  
Spain Temporary scheme allowing interest rate subsidies 
for the production of environmentally-friendly 
("green") cars. Subsidized loans may be granted until 
31 December 2009 with a maximum term of two 
years. The reduction in the interest rate may not 
exceed 50% SMEs and 25% for large businesses, in relation to the reference rate, and must take into 
account the enterprise’s risk profile when the loan is 
granted. (Beneficiary: companies (car and car component industry) that were not in difficulty on  
1 July 2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation  
(29 March 2009).  
Spain Scheme allowing direct grants of up to €500,000 
(US$740,000) per company.  (Beneficiary: 
companies  that were not in difficulty on 1 July 
2008). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (8 June 2009).  
Sweden State guarantees in favour of Volvo car maker: 
guarantees that would enable it to access loans from the European Investment Bank (EIB).  The loans 
would co-finance the development of environment-
friendly cars. Volvo would pay an adequate remuneration for the guarant ee and provide sufficient 
securities in case the guarantee would be drawn. Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation, and EC State Aid N 80/09 (OJ 2009 C 172/01) (5 June 2009).  
Annex 2 (cont'd)   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-97 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
United Kingdom Short-term provision of small amounts of compatible 
aid (De minimis) scheme.  Measure enables aid of up 
to €500,000 (US$740,000) to be granted in 2009 and 2010 to businesses in difficulty as a consequence of 
the current economic crisis. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation  
(4 February 2009).  
United 
Kingdom Temporary measures to grant loan guarantees and 
interest rate subsidies.  Businesses producing green 
products will benefit. (Scheme will initially concern 
car industry £2.3 billion (US $3.8 billion), but will be 
open to all sectors). Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation  (27 February 2009).  
United 
Kingdom Scheme aimed at relieving firms that encountered 
financial difficulties as a result of the current credit 
crunch. The measure allows national, regional and 
local authorities to grant ai d in the form of reduced 
interest rates on loans of any duration concluded by 
31 December 2010.  Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (15 May 2009).  
United 
Kingdom Aid scheme (tax advantage) for SMEs in all sectors 
(annual budget £210 million (US$343.6 million)), valid until 6 April 2018. EC State Aid NN 32/09  
(OJ 2009/C 235/01)  (13 July 2009).  
United 
Kingdom Rescue aid (overall budget £5 million (US$8.2 
million)) for motor vehicles manufacturing LDV Ltd., from 18 May 2009 to 12 June 2009.  EC State Aid NN 41/09 (ex 
N 313/09) (OJ 2009/C 212/03) (7 August 2009).  
United 
Kingdom "Welsh Assembly Gove rnment Rescue and 
Restruring Scheme Aid for SMEs" through the 
provision of risk capital, debt write-off, and soft loan, 
from 1 September 2009 to 31 December 2013.  EC State Aid N 421/09  
(OJ 2009/C 230/01) (19 August 2009).  
Hong Kong, 
China Enhancement of a number of support schemes for 
SMEs (Special Loan Guar antee Scheme, SME Loan 
Guarantee Scheme, and SME Export Marketing 
Fund). Permanent Delegation of 
Hong Kong, China to the WTO (15 June 2009).  
India Broad stimulus package including: fiscal measures 
and changes in FDI regulations (allowing for larger 
shares of foreign ownership in areas such as industrial parks, air transport services, petroleum and natural 
gas, and mineral and ores ) to counter recessionary 
trends. Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(7 December 2008).  
Indonesia Government loan (US$2.52 billion) for trade 
financing (importers or exporters), through the 
Indonesian Eximbank trade financing agency. Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO 
(1 September 2009). Eximbank formally launched 
on 1 September 2009. 
Jamaica Support loans to small businesses and micro-
enterprises (US$350 million). Permanent Delegation of 
Jamaica to the WTO.  
Japan New Stimulus Pack age (¥15.4 trillion (US$170.5 
billion)) (3% GDP) to ease credit squeeze; provide 
safety net for unemployed, and stimulate consumer 
demand. Permanent Delegation of 
Japan to the WTO (April 2009). Projects worth ¥2.93 trillion 
(US$32.5 billion) suspended on 16 October 2009. 
Japan As part of the New St imulus Package, Government 
programme (¥370 billion (U S$4.1 billion)), to 
encourage the purchase of environmentally friendly vehicles (local and imported). The amount of 
subsidies depends on the type of the vehicle, the age 
of the car to be replaced, or simply purchase of new 
one without replacement. Permanent Delegation of 
Japan to the WTO (June 
2009). Programme applicable from 
19 June 2009 to 31 March 
2010. 
Jordan Monetary and fiscal me asures (such as tax reduction 
on accommodation services) to minimize the impact 
of the global crisis on the economy. Permanent Delegation of 
Jordan to th e WTO (March 
2009).  
Korea, Rep. of Stimulus package of US$14.1 billion in total, which 
constitutes approximately 2.4% of Korea's GDP. The 
total amount of the package may be increased. Permanent Delegation of 
Korea to the WTO 
(December 2008).  
Annex 2 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-98  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Korea, Rep. of Shipping fund to  purchase vessels from shipping 
companies as part of the government's efforts to 
facilitate restructuring of the shipping industry. The 
fund has been established through contributions from 
private investors and financ ial institutions as well as 
from the Restructuring Fund managed by the Korea Asset Management Corporation (KAMCO).  Permanent Delegation of 
Korea to the WTO 
(23 April 2009). W 191.2 billion (US$161 
million) used as of 28 August 
2009. 
Korea, Rep. of 70% cut on individual consumption tax and 
acquisition/registration tax for new automobiles 
(local and imported) purchased to replace old 
automobiles (registered before 31 December 1999).  Permanent Delegation of 
Korea to the WTO (1 May 
2009). Measure effective until 31 
December 2009. 
Malaysia Automotive Development Fund (US$54.2 million), 
and government financing of  a scrapping scheme to 
promote the purchase of new cars from national automakers. Permanent Delegation of 
Malaysia to the WTO.  
Malaysia Stimulus Package (RM 7 billion (U S$2.1 billion)). Permanent Delegation of 
Malaysia to the WTO (14 November 2008).  
Malaysia "Micro Enterprise Fund" (RM 200 million (US$58.6 
million)) launched by the Ce ntral Bank of Malaysia, 
to broaden the access to financing for micro 
enterprises with viable businesses.  Permanent Delegation of 
Malaysia to the WTO (14 November 2008). RM 54 million (US$15.8 
million) was granted to 2,554 
micro enterprises at the end 
of August 2009. 
Malaysia "SME Assistance Guarantee Scheme" (RM 2 billion 
(US$585.7 million)), established by the Central Bank 
of Malaysia, to ensure th at viable SMEs adversely 
impacted by the crisis, continue to have adequate access to financing. Permanent Delegation of 
Malaysia to the WTO 
(February 2009). RM 1.1 billion (US$322.2 
million) was granted to 5,466 
SMEs at the end of August 
2009. 
Malaysia Second Stimulus Package (RM 60 billion (US$17.6 
billion)), including meas ures to attract FDI. Permanent Delegation of 
Malaysia to the WTO  (10 March 2009).  
New Zealand Temporary change in the mandate of the New 
Zealand Export Credit Office (NZECO), in order to provide short-term trade credit insurance at market 
rates, on a temporary basis (Small Business Relief 
Package to Small and Medium Sized Businesses). Permanent Delegation of 
New Zealand to the WTO 
(4 February 2009). The scheme was extended 
(by NZ$100 million (US$74.4 million)) on 24 June 2009. 
New Zealand Stimulus p ackage (NZ$500 million (US$372 
million)) for publicly-funded projects (housing, 
transport, and education). Permanent Delegation of 
New Zealand to the WTO 
(11 February 2009). The 2009 budget increased 
infrastructure funding to 
NZ$7.5 billion (US$5.6 billion) over the next five years. 
Norway Export Guarantee Scheme (NKr 50 billion (US$8.7 
billion)) through the Guaran tee Institute for Export 
Credits.  
Special lending programme (NKr 30 billion (US$5.3 
billion)) to Eksportfinans for export credits (CIRR-
Loans). Permanent Delegation of 
Norway to the WTO (26 January 2009).  
Norway Revised National Budget increasing the spending of 
oil revenues by a further NKr 9.5 billion (US$1.7 
billion) (to a total of NKr 130 billion (US$23.1 
billion)) during the 2009 fiscal year, equivalent to around 3% of non-oil GDP. Additional funds will be 
provided to areas such as investment in the 
agriculture sector, municipalities, and credit 
facilitation. Permanent Delegation of 
Norway to the WTO  (19 June 2009).  
Peru Stimulus package ("Pl an de Estímulo Económico" 
and "Programa de Seguro de Crédito a la Exportación 
para Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (SEPYMEX)"). Permanent Delegation of 
Peru to the WTO  
(30 January 2009). Modified on 15 May 2009 (to 
guarantee up to 50% of 
credits granted to SMEs). 
Philippines Export Support Fund (PhP 200 million (US$4.2 
million)) to finance export development and 
promotion, as well as capacity building for SMEs 
exporters.  Permanent Delegation of 
Philippines to the WTO 
(30 May 2009).  
Annex 2 (cont'd)    WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-99 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Russian 
Federation Financial support measures for the car industry: 
increase in government procurement volumes 
(maximum Rub 87.5 billion, (US$3 billion)); loans to 
leasing companies (Rub 43 billion, 
(US$1.47 billion)); provision of State guarantees (Rub 130 billion, (US$4.46 billion)); and partial 
compensation on credit rates on vehicles purchased 
by private persons (Rub 2 billion, (US$68.6 million)). Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation  
(6 November 2008). Funds fully allocated. 
Measure expired. 
Russian Federation Special anti-crisis packag e for SMEs, including small 
scale agricultural enterprises (US$1.2 billion for 
2009). Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation  
(6 November 2008). Funds fully allocated. 
Measure expired. 
Singapore Stimulus Package (US$13.7 billion). The package 
covers areas such as saving jobs; stimulating bank 
lending; and enhancing business cash flow and 
competitiveness. Permanent Delegation of 
Singapore to the WTO 
(Various dates). Implemented. No further 
updates to the scheme. 
South Africa Customized Sector Programme for the textile and 
clothing industry, as part of the "Framework for 
South Africa's Response to the International 
Economic Crisis". Permanent Delegation of 
South Africa to the WTO (21 May 2009).  
Chinese Taipei "New Zheng He Plan" stimulus package (NT$8.53 
billion (US$262.3 million)) including export credit, 
re-lending facility, and export insurance. Permanent Delegation of 
Chinese Taipei to the 
WTO  
(25 December 2008).  
Chinese Taipei Commodity Tax on cars (passenger sedans, trucks, 
and dual-purpose vehicles with an engine of 2,000 cc 
or less) purchased and registered between 19 January 
and 31 December 2009 can be reduced by a 
maximum of NT$30,000 (US$922). The measure 
applies to both domestic and imported cars. Permanent Delegation of 
Chinese Taipei to the 
WTO (January 2009).  
Thailand "Abhisit" Stimulus P ackage (B 116.7 billion (US$3.5 
billion)). 
Financial support for SMEs, and measures to 
stimulate tourism. Permanent Delegation of 
Thailand to the WTO 
(March 2009).  
Thailand "Strong Thailand", s econd "Abhisit" Stimulus 
Package (B 1.56 trillion (US$46.6 billion) for 2010-
12. Measures include development in water 
management, transportation and logistics, education 
and public health, and tourism. Permanent Delegation of 
Thailand to the WTO 
(7 April 2009). The second Abhisit was 
approved on 7 April 2009, 
and launched in September 2009.  
Turkey General stimulus package such as financial support 
(with zero interest rates) through Small and Medium 
Sized Industry Development Organization and Trade 
Credit Facility (US$650 million) for SMEs. Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO 
(17 March 2009). The fund was fully utilized. 
Turkey Temporary (three months) reduction of domestic 
taxes (VAT and special consumption taxes) for cars, 
new houses, and various durable goods. Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO 
(18 March 2009). The measure was removed 
on 30 September 2009. 
Turkey Loan guarantee suppor t mechanism (TL 1 billion 
(US$670.1 million)) for SMEs, guaranteeing 65% of 
the loans. Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO 
(15 July 2009).  
Turkey General incentive scheme for large scale investments 
in certain sectors for reducing regional differences in 
development. Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO 
(16 July 2009).  
 
Annex 2 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-100  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
United States The US Auto Industry Financing Programme aimed 
at stabilizing the US automotive industry through 
loans to General Motors a nd Chrysler.  Under this 
programme, US Treasury agreed to loan General 
Motors (GM) US$13.4 billi on (delivered in three 
instalments) and to loan Chrysler US$4 billion.  The 
US Treasury is currently evaluating the restructuring 
submissions received 17 February 2009, under the terms of the loans to GM and Chrysler.   
 
On 29 December 2008, US Treasury announced that it would purchase US$5 billi on in senior preferred 
equity with an 8% dividend from GMAC LLC as part 
of a broader programme to assist the domestic automotive industry in becoming financially viable.  
Additionally, on 16 January 2009, the US Treasury 
agreed to lend up to US$1 billion to General Motors 
so that GM could participate in a rights offering at GMAC in support of GMAC’s reorganization as a 
bank holding company. GM drew US$884 million 
under this commitment. On 16 January 2009, US Treasury announced a 
US$1.5 billion five-year loan to a special purpose 
entity created by Chrysler Financial to finance retail 
automotive purchases.   Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (19 December 2008). Restructured Chrysler 
emerged form bankruptcy on 
10 June 2009 under a new 
ownership structure (which 
includes partial ownership by FIAT). 
 
  
GMAC subjected to the 
"Stress Test".  
 
  
 
 Chrysler Financial fully repaid the US$1.5 billion loan on 14 July 2009. 
United States New additional loan to General Motors Corporation 
(US$2 billion) to provide working capital for the 
company (prior to its bankruptcy filling).  GM filed bankruptcy pro ceedings on 1 June 2009, 
and has been offered additional US$30.1 billion 
debtor-in-possession loan by the US Treasury. The loan is intended to benefit all of GM's continuing operations without regard to geographic location.  
The new entity, General Motors Company emerged 
from bankruptcy on 10 July 2009 after the completion of the sale of certain GM assets to the "New GM". 
The Government converted its loans to 60.8% of the 
equity in the New GM, loans in the amount of 
US$7.1 billion, and US$2.1 billi on in preferred stock.  Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (April-July 2009).  
United States American Recovery  and Reinvestment Act of 2009 
(ARRA) providing aid for US$787 billion (5.5% 
GDP). Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (17 February 2009).  
United States Auto Supplier S upport Programme (US$5 billion) 
available to all critical suppliers. The programme 
provides the same benefits to foreign and local 
suppliers, through financial protection on receivables 
from any domestic auto companies.  Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (19 March 2009). US Treasury continued to 
implement the programme. 
The amount of the 
commitment was reduced to 
US$3.5 billion as of 8 July 
2009.  
United States Grant (US$2.4 billi on) for the development of new 
generation electrical vehicle (48 new advanced 
battery and electric drive projects), under the 
American Recovery and Re investment Act. Projects 
were not restricted to US entities.  Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (5 August 2009).  
Uzbekistan Stimulus package "Anti Crisis Action Programme 
2009-2012", including support of the banking system, 
to export companies and incentives for exports 
through: preferential credit and tax rebates.  Permanent Delegation of 
Uzbekistan to the UN 
Office in Geneva (January 
2009).  
Annex 2 (cont'd)  
 
    WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-101 
 
 
  
 
NON-VERIFIED INFORMATION  
Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Egypt Fiscal Package (LE 15 billion (US$2.7 billion)) to 
support the manufacturi ng and export activities 
(Export Development Fund (LE 3 billion (US$493 million)).  EC Commission – Fourth 
Report on Potentially 
Trade Restrictive Measures.   
India Government support (incentives) for exports of 
leather and textiles sectors (US$67 million). EC Commission – Fourth 
Report on Potentially 
Trade Restrictive Measures 
(1 April 2009).  
Japan Government support through the Forestry Agency for 
lumber (¥50,000/m3 (US$554/m3), and for floor space 
to wood suppliers (¥135,000/m2 (US$1,495/m2) 
utilized in the construction of gymnasiums at public 
schools. Press reports  
(1 April 2009).  
Mexico Support measures (US$800 million) for the car 
industry (including car parts suppliers), through low 
interests.  EC Commission – Fourth 
Report on Potentially 
Trade Restrictive 
Measures.   
Nigeria Stimulus Package (US$2 billion), financed by its oil 
windfall fund. BBC News  
(10 October 2009).  
 WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-102  
 
 ANNEX 3 
 
Measures For Financial Institutions4  
(October 2008 – October 2009)  
VERIFIED INFORMATION 
Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Australia Guarantee of deposits and wholesale funding of 
Australian banks, building societies and credit unions, 
Australia subsidiaries of foreign-owned banks, and 
domestic deposits of Australian residents with 
branches of foreign banks in Australia. All eligible 
deposits of up to A$1 million (US$909,200) are 
guaranteed for free. Deposits of over A$1 million 
(US$909,200), to be also guaranteed but with a fee. Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO.  
Australia Ford Credit Australia wa s authorized to participate in 
the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) funding 
mechanism (up to A$550 million (US$500 million) over 12 months). Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(6 July 2009). Activated on 1 September 
2009, and effective until 
31 December 2009.  
Brazil Liquidity provision to the banking system (US$25 
billion). 
Expansion of access to freel y convertible currencies. 
Banco Do Brasil and Caixa Economica Federal (Federal banks) authorized to constitute subsidiaries 
and acquire participation in financial institutions. Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO (4 March 2009).  
Canada Extension of the Insured Mortgage Purchase Program 
(IMPP) to purchase high quality insured mortgages to 
improve liquidity in the fi nancial system and ensure 
the availability of credit to  consumers and businesses 
of financial institutions, by C$50 billion 
(US$46.5 billion) (an addition to the C$75 billion 
(US$69.7 billion) announced in the fall of 2008). Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO (27 January 2009).  
China New rules governing fina ncial services information 
providers, allowing them to compete more freely in local market. Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (1 June 2009).  
Dominican 
Republic Stimulus Package covering monetary and fiscal 
measures ("Cumbre de la Unidad Nacional Frente a la Crisis Económica Mundial"). Permanent Delegation of 
the Dominican Republic to the WTO (January 2009).  
EC    
Austria Support scheme for financial institutions aimed at 
stabilizing the financial markets by providing 
guarantees, capital and loans. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (9 December 
2008).  
Austria Recapitalization (€100 million (US$148 million) of 
Hypo Tirol Bank via a guarantee on capital 
subscribed by private investors. The guarantee is from the Land Tirol and will run for 10 years. It can be recalled if the bank fails.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC Delegation (17 June 2009).  
Austria Aid to Interbankmarktstärkungsgesetz (IBSG) and 
Finanzmarktstabilitätsgesetz (FinStaG) in the form of 
a direct grant guarantee (overall budget €90,000 
million (US$133,200 million)) to remedy serious disturbances in the economy, from 1 July 2009 until 31 December 2009. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (30 June 2009).  
Annex 3 (cont'd)  
                                                      
4 The inclusion of any measure in this table implies no judgement by the WTO Secretariat on whether 
or not such measure, or its intent, is protectionist in nature.  Moreover, nothing in the table implies any judgement, either direct or  indirect, on the consistency of any measure referred to with the provisions of any 
WTO agreement or such measure's impact on, or relationship with, the global financial crisis.   WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-103 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Austria Recapitalization of Hypo Steiermark. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (23 July 2009).  
Belgium, 
France, 
Luxembourg Dexia financial group: State guarantee granted to 
restore investor confidence and to encourage inter-
bank lending. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (19 November 
2008).  
Belgium, 
Luxembourg Additional aid measures stemming from amendments 
of the agreement between  Fortis Holding, BNP 
Paribas, Fortis Bank and the Belgium and 
Luxembourg authorities. Belg ium accepted to assume 
a larger part of the risk of the investment vehicle 
which will purchase impaired assets from Fortis 
Bank, Fortis Holding’s exposure being reduced 
accordingly. Belgium offered to provide guarantees on a new €1 billion (US$1.5 b illion) loan from Fortis 
Bank to Fortis Holding and on financial liabilities of 
Fortis Holding towards For tis Bank. Belgium gave to 
Fortis Bank a call option on the BNP Paribas shares it 
would acquire. Belgium accepted to provide Fortis 
Bank with a second loss guarantee on the structured credit portfolio retained by Fortis Bank. Belgium 
accepted that the investment vehicle, in which it 
assumes the largest part of the risk, purchases 
additional impaired assets  from Fortis Bank.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (12 May 2009).  
Belgium 
Luxembourg Restructuring aid (soft loan) for Kaupthing Bank 
Luxembourg SA (overall budget €320 million 
(US$473.6 million)). EC State Aid N 344/09 and 
N 380/09 (OJ 2009/C 
247/01) (9 July 2009).  
Belgium Recapitalization of KBC Group. 
Second recapitalization of  KBC Group (€3.5 billion 
(US$5.2 billion)) in lin e with the Guidance 
Communication on state aid during the financial 
crisis; and temporary clearance to an impaired asset 
relief programme. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (18 December 
2008 and 30 June 2009).  
Belgium Insurance and banking group Ethias: State aid in the 
form of capital injection in the amount of €1.5 billion 
(US$2.2 billion). The amount constitutes the minimum required to enable the beneficiary to 
continue operations and pr ovides for an adequate 
return on the capital provided by the State authorities. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (12 February 
2009).  
Denmark Guarantee scheme for deposits and senior debt for the 
banking sector. 
On 3 February 2009, recap italisation scheme and 
amendments to the existing guarantee scheme for 
banks. 
On 17 August 2009, prolongation of the scheme until 
2 February 2010. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (10 October 
2008).  
Denmark Roskilde Bank: package of measures for its 
liquidation. Danish aut horities provided a guarantee 
for any losses in relati on to this process. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (5 November 
2008).  
Denmark Aid to Fionia Bank's restructuring, in the form of a 
credit facility (up to €685 million (US$1 billion), and 
capital injection (€134 million (US$198.3 million)). Under the terms of the resc ue aid, all assets and 
liabilities (except subordinated debt and equity) will 
be transferred to a new entity.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC Delegation (20 May 2009).  
Annex 3 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/12 
Page A-104  
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Finland Guarantee scheme aimed at stabilising the financial 
markets by ensuring financial institutions access to 
financing. The State guarantee would cover, against 
remuneration, the issuance of new short and medium 
term non-subordinated debt with maturity between 90 
days and three years. A maturity of up to five years is 
limited to mortgage-backed bonds only (budget is 
capped at €50 billion (US$74 billion)).   On 5 February 2009 the scheme was modified. 
Extension of the scheme until 31 December 2009. 
Also, its scope has been broadened, so that guarantees can now cover instruments with a maturity of up to 
five years. Previously, the maximum maturity was 
three years (except for covered bonds).  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (13 November 2008 and 5 February 2009).  
Finland Kaupthing Bank: State guarantee ensuring full 
compensation against legal risks; three Finish banks 
having settled Kaupthing deposit claims. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (21 January 
2009).  
Finland Finnish recapitalisation scheme. Under the scheme 
the Finnish State would subscribe non-cumulative 
and unsecured subordinated loan instruments issued 
by eligible banks up to ¼ of the required amount of 
their own funds. The subordinated loans would be reimbursed after three years and upon the approval of 
the Financial Supervisory Authority. The scheme's 
overall budget is capped at €4 billion (US$5.9 billion). Only solvent banks would be allowed to 
enter it. 
In particular, it provides for non-discriminatory access as it will be open to all solvent Finnish deposit banks, including Finnish subsidiaries of foreign 
banks. It is limited in time and scope, as both its 
global budget and amount pe r institution are capped. 
To benefit from the recapitalisation participating 
banks are required to pay a market-oriented fee, in 
line with recommendations from the ECB. Moreover, the scheme foresees substantial behavioural 
commitments for the participating institutions 
regarding executive pay a nd shares buy back.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (11 September 
2009).  
France Refinancing measures – guarantee and equity 
intervention for the banking sector. (The Société de 
refinancement des activité s des établissements de 
crédit, SRAEC, will issue securities guaranteed by 
the State with a view to making loans to credit 
institutions against collateral). Total amount: €265billion (US$392.2 billion) .  Non-discriminatory 
access for banks authorized in France, including the 
subsidiaries of foreign groups. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (30 October 
2008).  
Annex 3 (cont'd)    WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-105 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
France Capital injection into certa in banks. Intervention is 
capped at €21.5 billion (U S$31.8 billion) (amended 
28 January 2009).  (It complements measure 
approved by the EC Commission on 31 October 
2008).  First tranche (€10.5billion (US$15.5 billion)) already utilized to recapitalise the top six banks: 
Crédit Agricole, BNP Paribas, Société Générale, 
Crédit Mutuel, Caisse d'Epargne, and Banque Populaire. 
On 24 March 2009, the scheme was amended, 
modifying the terms governing the remuneration and reimbursement of the preference shares issued by the 
beneficiary banks in return  for their recapitalisation 
by the State. On 12 May 2009, the scheme was extended. Apart 
from the period of the application, all other 
conditions (such as eligible institutions, remuneration and safeguards against possible abuse) remain as laid down in the original deci sion. (Beneficiary: credit 
institutions). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (8 December 
2008).  
France Further €2.45 billion (US$3.6 billion) capital 
injection into the instituti on to be created by the 
merger between the Caisse d'Epargne and Banque Populaire.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (8 May 2009).  
Germany Hypo Real Estate (HRE): the German Federal 
Government together with a group of German 
financial institutions provided loan guarantees totalling €35 billion (US$51.8 billion), for covering HRE's re-financing needs until April 2009. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (2 October 
2008).  
Germany Rescue Scheme package (FMStG) intended to 
stabilize financial markets by providing i.e. capital 
(through recapitalization scheme), guarantees (by 
issue of short- and medium-term debt) and temporary 
acquisition of assets.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (27 October 2008). The scheme was amended on 
12 December 2008, and prolonged on 22 June 2009. 
Germany Commerzbank: capital injection of €8.2 billion 
(US$12.1 billion) and a guarantee frame up to €15 
billion, both by SoFFin. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (December 2008).  
Germany Bayern LB: State support consisting of core capital 
increase of €10 billion (US$14.8 billion) and a risk 
shield of an amount of €4.8 billion (US$7.1 billion) 
through "Freistaat Bayern". Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (18 December 2008).  
Germany NORD/LB: banking rescue aid in form of a guarantee 
package. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (22 December 2008). Prolongation of the scheme 
on 10 September 2009, for 
six months until 15 February 
2010. 
Germany IKB:  State support to stabilise the bank. 
Second liquidity guarantee aid by SoFFin (up to €7 billion (US$10.4 billion)) was granted on 17 August 2009. Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (22 December 
2008).  
Annex 3 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/12 
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 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Germany SdB: Sicherungseinrichtungsgesellschaft deutscher 
Banken mbH: guarantee scheme (€6.7 billion 
(US$9.9 billion)) by SoFFin to bolster the German 
Deposit Protection Fund and to pre-finance future 
proceeds from the estate s of insolvent Lehman 
Brother entities. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (21 January 
2009).  
Germany Recapitalization of Commerzbank. Second tranche of 
the capital injection in the amount of €10 billion 
(US$14.8 billion). Presentation of a business plan 
setting out measures to re store the viability of the 
bank.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (7 May 2009).  
Germany Risk shield of WestLB and accompanying measures. 
The aid is conditional upon the approval of the 
restructuring plan (reorientation of WestLB’s 
business into less risky activ ities as well as change of 
the bank’s ownership structure through a public tender procedure before the end of 2011) by the 
statutory bodies of all of WestLB’s owners. 
On 7 October 2009 a temporary additional aid was 
granted.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (12 May 2009).  
Germany Recapitalization (€3 billion (US$4.4 billion)) and risk 
guarantee (€10 billion (US$14.8 billion)) of HSH 
Nordbank provided by the city of Hamburg and the 
State of Schleswig Holstein. Restructuring plan to be 
presented within three months of the decision.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (29 May 2009).  
Germany Recapitalization and asset relief for the Landesbank 
Baden-Württemberg (LBBW) by the German State of 
Baden-Württemberg.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC Delegation (30 June 2009).  
Germany Asset relief scheme (FMStF G) designed to further 
stabilize the financial mark ets by providing financial 
institutions with the possibility  of asset relief, as an 
addition to the German resc ue package authorized by 
the Commission in October 2008. In particular, the mechanism provides ex-ante transparency and 
disclosure of impairments,  valuation of the assets 
based on their real economi c value, a burden sharing 
of the costs related to the operation and adequate 
remuneration. Moreover, the enrolment period for 
asset relief is limited to six months.  Public information 
available on the European Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (31 July 2009).  
Germany Aid scheme (overall budget €9 billion (US$13.3 
billion)) for IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG, from 1 
August 2009 to 31 December 2014. EC State Aid N 400/09 (OJ 
2009/C 247/02) (17 August 
2009).  
Germany Export credit scheme. German public credit 
institution Kreditanstalt fü r Wiederaufbau (KfW) 
would be allowed to purchase existing export loans from banks. These banks would have to use the cash 
received for granting new e xport loans to purchasers 
outside the EC. This measure is authorised for six 
months.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (15 September 
2009).  
Greece Aid scheme providing eligible credit institutions with 
new capital and securities which can be converted 
into liquidity with the ECB as well as guarantees on 
short- and medium-term newly issued debt, under 
strict conditions. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (19 November 
2008).  
Annex 3 (cont'd)    WT/TPR/OV/12 
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 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Greece Prolongation of the bank support scheme. 
Prolongation of the support package for credit 
institutions until the end of 2009. The support 
measures consist in a recapitalisation scheme, a 
guarantee scheme and support through the issuance of Greek State special purpose securities to credit 
institutions. The authorization also covers an 
amendment made to the recapitalization scheme so as to adapt it to the Commission's Communication on 
recapitalization that was adopt ed after the approval of 
the original scheme.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (18 September 
2009).  
Hungary Financial support measures providing eligible credit 
institutions with new capital and guarantees on short- 
and medium-term newly i ssued debt, under strict 
conditions. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (12 February 
2009). Prolongation and 
modification of the scheme 
on 3 September 2009, until 31 December 2009. 
Hungary Mortgage Support Scheme. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (13 July 2009).  
Ireland Guarantee of deposits and debts of six banks (Allied 
Irish Bank, Bank of Ireland, Anglo Irish Bank, Irish 
Life and Permanent, Irish Nationwide Building 
Society, and the Educational Building Society).  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (13 October 
2008).  
Ireland Anglo Irish Bank: recapitalisation of €4 billion 
(US$5.9 billion).  
On 26 June 2009, recapita lization worth €3 billion 
(US$4.4 billion).  On 6 August 2009 recapitalization 
worth €827 million (US$1.2 billion). On 25 
September 2009 recapitalization worth €173 million 
(US$256 million).  The measure will help preserve an adequate level of "core tier 1 capital" even after 
further impairment.  It will  not change the ownership 
structure of the state–owned bank.  Part of the €4 billion (US$5.9 billion) has b een used to buy back at 
discount certain outstanding subordinated loans.  In-
depth restructuring plan is to be submitted and will be subject to approval by the EC Commission.  Change of ownershi p on 17 February 2009. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC Delegation (14 January 2009).  
Ireland Bank of Ireland: emergency recapitalization worth 
€3.5 million (US$5.2 milli on) granted by State 
authorities. The shares issu ed qualify as "core tier 1 
capital". They will produce a dividend of 8% payable annually, at the discretion of the bank and in priority 
to dividends on ordinary shares, with detachable 
warrants after five years. The shares will carry 25% of the voting rights in Bank of Ireland. The bank can 
repurchase the shares at par during maximum five 
years. After that period, shares can be repurchased at 125% of par. On purchase of the preference shares, 
the State will also receive an option to purchase 25% 
of the existing ordinary shares in the bank. This option may be exercised from the fifth to the tenth 
anniversary of the preferred shares’ purchase.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (26 March 2009).  
Annex 3 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/12 
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 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Ireland Recapitalization worth €3.5 billion (US$5.2 billion) 
of Allied Irish Bank. The shares issued qualify as 
"core tier 1 capital". They will produce a dividend of 
8% payable annually, at the discretion of the bank 
and in priority to dividends on ordinary shares, with detachable warrants after five years.  Dividends on 
the shares are payable in cash, or - if the bank is not 
able to pay in cash - in or dinary shares in lieu. The 
shares will carry 25% of the voting rights in Allied 
Irish Bank.  The bank can re purchase the shares at par 
during maximum five years. After that period, shares can be repurchased at 125% of par.  No dividends on 
ordinary shares are allowed when no dividend on the 
shares to be issued is paid  to the State.  On purchase 
of the preference shares, the State will also receive an 
option to purchase 25% of the existing ordinary 
shares in the bank (the "warrants").  This option may be exercised from the fifth to the tenth anniversary of 
the preferred shares' purchase. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (12 May 2009).  
Italy State guarantee on new liabilities issued by banks for 
maturities longer than three months and up to five 
years, six months renewable swap between bank's debt certificates and Treas ury bills, whose interest 
rate and maturity perfectly ma tch, so as to ensure an 
identical cash flow and st raightforward pricing and 
also guarantee for banks in favour of third parties 
lending them high-grade assets which are in turn used 
by banks in the Eurosystem to obtain refinancing.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (14 November 
2008). Prolongation of the scheme 
on 16 June 2009. 
Italy Recapitalisation scheme for financial institutions, 
providing the possibility to subscribe subordinated 
debt instruments, to be counted as bank "core tier 1 
capital". The overall budget will be around €15-20 billion (US$22.2-29.6 billion). 
Only fundamentally sound banks as determined by 
their credit default swaps sp read level, their ratings 
and the additional assessment to be made by the Bank 
of Italy will be eligible for the recapitalization. The 
Bank of Italy will regularly monitor how the funds will be put to use to sustain lending to the real economy. Duration until 30 December 2009.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC Delegation (23 December 2008). Amended on 20 February 
2009 to provide capital to 
credit institutions. Prolongation of the scheme 
on 6 October 2009. 
Latvia JSC Parex Banka: package consisting of a State 
guarantee covering certain existing and new loans, of 
a State one-year deposit to support the bank's 
immediate liquidity needs a nd of subordinated loans 
to strengthen its capital base.  
Amendments to State support on 11 May 2009.  
Latvia will strengthen the bank's capital basis with the aim to achieve a capital adequacy ratio of 11% by 
issuing ordinary shares, qualifying as "tier 1 capital" 
and subordinated term debt  qualifying as "tier 2 
capital".  The State will purchase these against adequate remuneration.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (24 November 2008). This measure will be in force 
until the approval of Parex 
Banka's restructuring plan 
(expected by the end of 
2009). 
Latvia Support scheme for banks in form of a guarantee 
covering liabilities. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (22 December 
2008). Prolongation of the scheme 
on 30 June 2009, which is 
expected to end by 
31 December 2009. 
Annex 3 (cont'd)    WT/TPR/OV/12 
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 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Netherlands Guarantee scheme for all solvent financial institutions 
with significant activities in the Netherlands, 
including subsidiaries of foreign banks (capped at 
€200 billion (US$296 billion)). 
On 7 July 2009, prolongation and amendments of the scheme in the form of a guarantee (overall budget 
€200,000 million (US$296,00 0 million), from 30 
June 2009 until 31 December 2009. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (30 October 
2008)  
Netherlands ING: emergency interven tion (€10 billion (US$14.8 
billion)) in the form of recapitalization granted via 
special type of securities. 
Illiquid asset back-up facility (31 March 2009). 
Under the transaction, the Dutch State will buy the right to receive the cash flows on 80% of US$39 
billion portfolio, mostly consisting of "Alt-A" 
mortgages, by paying ING a bout US$28 billion. That 
amount will be paid by the Dutch State in accordance 
with a pre-agreed payment schedule.  
Temporary clearance for six months on 15 September 
2009. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (13 November 
2008).  
Netherlands AEGON N.V: recapitaliza tion (€3 billion (US$4.4 
billion)) through a special type of securities. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (27 November 
2008).  
Netherlands SNS REAAL N.V: emergency recapitalization (€750 
million (US$1.1 billion)).  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (10 December 
2008).  
Poland Bank guarantee scheme. State Treasury guarantees 
for the issuance of new senior debt by banks and 
liquidity support measures in the form of Treasury 
bonds, either as a loan or to be sold with deferred 
payment. Debt guarantees on newly issued debt will 
be available only to credit institutions. Should the 
State guarantee be called upon by a beneficiary or 
should the beneficiary default on its liabilities related 
to Treasury bonds, a restructuring plan will be 
submitted within six months. The remuneration for 
the debt guarantees will be established in line with 
the ECB recommendations and the remuneration for 
the lending of Treasury bonds or for deferred 
payments for Treasury bonds will be even higher than 
for the guarantees. 
Eligible institutions may apply for the support under 
the scheme until 31 December 2009, but support may 
be granted later, within the six month period as from 
the day of the adoption of this decision.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (25 September 
2009).  
Portugal State guarantees (€20 billion (US$29.6 billion)) for 
financing agreements and the emission of non 
subordinated short-and medium-term debt. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (29 October 
2008).  
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 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Portugal State guarantee, assisted by collaterals, on a €450 
million (US$666 million) loan granted by six 
Portuguese banks to Banco Privado Portugues. The 
loan has a duration of six months and can only be 
used to face liabilities as re gistered in the balance 
sheet on 24 November 2008. The aid constitutes a 
temporary measure and Po rtugal has committed to 
provide a restructuring plan for Banco Privado 
Portugues within six months of the state intervention.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (13 March 
2009).  
Portugal Bank recapitalization scheme. The measure will make 
available new capital to elig ible credit institutions, in 
exchange for instruments e ligible as "tier 1 capital" 
(ordinary or preference sh ares). The size of the 
scheme is limited both as regard the overall amount 
(capped at €4 billion (US$5. 9 billion)) and in respect 
of individual beneficiaries (maximum 2% of the 
credit institutions' risk weighted assets).  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (20 May 2009).  
Slovenia Guarantee scheme. Budget capped at €12 billion 
(US$17.8 billion). Available to all solvent Slovenian 
credit institutions, including Sl ovenian subsidiaries of 
foreign banks. 
On 22 June 2009, prolongation of the scheme.  The state guarantee was to cover the issuance of new short 
and medium term non-subordinated debt with a 
maturity between 90 days and five years.  The scheme's overall budget is capped at €12 billion (US$17.8 billion). (Beneficia ry: credit institutions). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (12 December 
2008).  
Slovenia Liquidity scheme for financia l sector, to provide short 
and medium term financing to credit institutions unable to obtain funds on the financial markets.  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC Delegation (20 March 
2009).  
Spain "Fondo de Adquisición de Activos Financieros" 
Scheme intended to stabilize financial markets by 
providing liquidity to e ligible institutions. The 
measure consists of reverse auctions with a 
government–sponsored fund purchasing assets outright or on a temporary basis via so-called 
repurchase agreement. 
The Fund has a total budget of €30 billion (US$44.4 billion), to purchase high quality mortgage backed 
securities (AA-rated or hi gher, depending on the type 
of transaction) from cred it institutions in order to 
provide extra liquidity. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (4 November 
2008). Prolongation of the scheme 
on 7 August 2009 until 
31 December 2009. 
Spain Guarantee scheme, where State guarantee would 
cover, against remuneration, the issuance of notes, 
bonds and obligations admitted to the official 
secondary market in Spain. Estimated budget is 
capped at €100 billion (US$148 billion) and can increase to €200 billion (US$296 billion). 
On 25 June 2009, prolongation of the scheme for six 
months. While the maturity of the financial instruments covered is in principle between three 
months and three years, guarantees could be extended 
to instruments with a matur ity of up to five years in 
exceptional circumstances. Spain re-notified the 
extension of the scheme to the Commission. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (22 December 
2008). Measure to be in force until 
15 December 2009 (pending 
final decision on an 
additional six-month 
prolongation request). 
Annex 3 (cont'd)    WT/TPR/OV/12 
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 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Sweden Rescue package which consists of a guarantee scheme 
covering new issuances of short-and medium-term 
non-subordinated debt. The total amount of debt to be 
covered is capped at approximately €150 billion 
(US$222 billion). On 28 January 2009, the scheme was modified. 
Amendments concern, inter alia , the cancellation of 
growth restrictions of participating banks. On 28 April 2009, new amendments to the scheme. 
The changes concern the prolongation of the 
scheme’s validity until 31 October 2009 (instead of 30 April 2009) and the extension of its scope by 
including uncollateralized debt instruments with a 
term of up to five years (instead of three years), which could amount up to one third only of a total of 
SKr 1,500 billion (US$212.1 b illion). Changes to the 
eligibility criteria for institutions covered by the scheme. Participating banks will only need to meet the basic legal capital requirements (and not the enhanced capital levels like before).  Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (29 October 
2008). Prolongation of the scheme 
on 8 October 2009 until 30 
April 2010. 
Sweden Carnegie Investment Bank:  emergency rescue aid 
worth €225 million (US$333 million). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (15 December 
2008).  
Sweden Recapitalization scheme for fundamentally sound 
banks providing capital to banks. Allows government 
to provide share capital. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (11 February 
2009). Prolongation of the scheme 
on 5 August 2009, for six 
months until 17 February 2010. 
United Kingdom Bradford & Bingley: nationalization and winding 
down of the bank, the sale of its retail deposit book 
and branches along with a matching cash element to Abbey National and the provision of a working capital facility and guarantee arrangements. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (1 October 
2008).  
United 
Kingdom Financial support measures – guarantee and provision 
of risk capital for banks. Two types of measures: 
recapitalization scheme ( up to £50 billion (US$81.8 
billion), and guarantee scheme (up to £250 billion 
(US$409 billion)).  Available to any financial 
institution with substantial business in the UK. On 15 April 2009, extension of the scheme. Banks 
that benefit from the schemes have to agree in turn to 
provide loans to companies in the real economy and individuals. The UK consider ed that the original limit 
on guaranteed issue of £250 billion (US$409 billion) 
remained appropriate. The amount set aside for recapitalization remained £50 billion (US$81.8 
billion). The eligible beneficiaries remained 
fundamentally sound banks, w ith eligible liabilities of 
above £500 million (US$818 million). A capital 
injection into a bank that has already accessed the 
recapitalization scheme, however, will be subject to individual notification and approval.  A second prolongation was authorized on 13 October 2009. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (13 October 
2008).  
Annex 3 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/12 
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 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
United 
Kingdom Guarantee scheme to support the provision of 
working capital loans to financial businesses 
operating in the UK market, including subsidiaries of 
foreign firms. The UK Government will provide a 
guarantee of up to 50% in respect of portfolios of working capital loans to sound, credit worthy 
companies with an annual turnover of up to £500 
million (US$818 million). This scheme has a budget of £10 billion (US$16.4 billio n), and its duration is 
limited to two years. Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website 
transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (24 March 
2009).  
United 
Kingdom Asset-Backed Securities Guarantee Scheme.  The 
measure is focused on mort gage lending and intends 
to restore one of the main sources of leverage that UK banks used.  Under the scheme, investors will benefit 
from the guarantee provided to securities issued by 
special purpose vehicles collateralised with residential mortgages.  Gu arantees allocated under the 
scheme will be limited to a total of £50 billion 
(US$81.8 billion). Public information 
available on the European 
Commission's website transmitted by the EC 
Delegation (21 April 
2009).  
Jamaica Bank of Jamaica provided US$168 million in 
liquidity to the banking sector. Permanent Delegation of 
Jamaica to the WTO.  
Japan Recapitalisation scheme (Act on Special Measures for 
Strengthening Financial F unctions), for up to ¥12 
trillion (US$132.9 billi on).  Deposit-taking 
institutions. Permanent Delegation of 
Japan to the WTO (12 December 2008). Effective until 31 March 
2012. 
Korea, Rep. of State guarantee for up to three years for foreign 
currency denominated inter-b ank loans made between 
20 October 2008 and 30 June 2009, to stabilize Korea's financial markets and prevent potential 
comparative disadvantages.  The programme applies 
equally to local and foreign banks constituted under Korean law.  The total size of this programme will be US$100 billion. 
Liquidity support (by the Government and the Bank 
of Korea) of up to US$30 billion to foreign and 
domestic banks to relieve liquidity problems. Permanent Delegation of 
Korea to the WTO (20 
October 2008).  
Korea, Rep. of Extension of St ate guarantee (US$100 billion) for up 
to five years for foreign currency denominated banks' 
borrowings made between  20 October 2008 and 31 
December 2009. The programme applies equally to 
local and foreign banks constituted under Korean 
Law. Permanent Delegation of 
Korea to the WTO (March 
2009).  
Korea, Rep. of Restructuring Fund established on 13 May 2009. The 
Restructuring Fund will purchase until 2014 non-
performing loans from financial institutions and 
assets of the companies that undergo restructuring. 
The Fund may dispose of up to W 40 trillion (US$33.7 billion) through government-guaranteed 
bonds. The Fund is administered by the Korea Asset 
Management Corporation (KAMCO). Permanent Delegation of 
Korea to the WTO 
(13 May 2009).  
Annex 3 (cont'd)    WT/TPR/OV/12 
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 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Malaysia Increase in foreign equ ity limits: greater flexibility for 
domestic Islamic banks to enter into strategic 
partnership with foreign players through an increase 
foreign equity limit (up to 70%); provided that these 
banks maintain a paid-up capital of at least US$1 billion; increase in foreign equity limits on 
investment banks, insurance companies and "takaful" 
(Islamic insurance) operators (from 49% to 70%). A higher foreign equity limit beyond 70% for insurance 
companies may be considered if it can facilitate 
consolidation and rationalization of the insurance sector. 
Issuance of new licences: up to two commercial 
banking licences to be granted in 2009 to specialized banking players (up to three in 2011 to world class 
banks); two Islamic banking licences to be granted in 
2009 to foreign players to establish new Islamic banks with paid-up capital of at least US$1 billion; and two family "takaful" licences to be granted in 
2009.   
Locally incorporated foreign banks, will be allowed to establish 10 microfinance branches, and four new 
branches in 2010. 
Locally incorporated fore ign insurance companies 
and "takaful" operators are allowed to establish 
branches nationwide without restriction, and to enter 
into arrangements with banking institutions. Permanent Delegation of 
Malaysia to the WTO 
(28 April 2009).  
 
 
 
  
Closing date for application 
of new licenses: 31 October 2009 for specialized banks, 
Islamic banks and Takaful; 
and 31 December 2009 for 
world-class banks. 
New Zealand Retail Deposit Guarantee Scheme, guaranteeing all 
retail deposits of up to NZ$1 million (US$477,100) 
with approved financial institutions for two years 
(until 12 October 2010). Permanent Delegation of 
New Zealand to the WTO (12 October 2008). The scheme was amended on 
25 August 2009, and 
extended until 31 December 
2011. 
New Zealand Wholesale Funding Guarantee Facility to investment-
grade financial institutions in New Zealand which 
have substantial New Ze aland borrowing and lending 
operations.  The primary goal is to support the re-entry of New Zealand banks to regular foreign markets. Permanent Delegation of 
New Zealand to the WTO (1 November 2008). Fees of the Guarantee 
Facility have been reduced during the period. 
New Zealand Additional temporary measures by the Reserve Bank 
to enable local banks to access liquidity in exchange 
for a broader range of asse ts such as bank paper and 
asset-backed securities. Permanent Delegation of 
New Zealand to the WTO (12 December 2008). Removal and consolidation 
of the temporary emergency 
measures expected by 
November 2009. 
Norway Government Bond Swap Facility (NKr 350 billion 
(US$62.1 billion)) for a period of up to five years. 
(Beneficiary: Norwegian commercial banks, saving 
banks, and branches of foreign banks) Permanent Delegation of 
Norway to the WTO (24 
October 2008).  
Panama Fiscal stimulus package ("Programa de Estímulo 
Financiero (PEF)") providi ng grants to local banks. Permanent Delegation of 
Panama to the WTO 
(September 2008).  
Russian 
Federation Anti-crisis Action Plan, including measures to 
stabilize the financial and banking system, through 
measures such as: allocation of non-deposit credits for Russian credit organizations (US$50 billion). Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation 6 
(November 2008).  
Russian 
Federation Increase of the authorized capital of 
Vnesheconombank (US$3,165 billion), and VTB 
Bank (US$5,6 billion), in order to insure the stability 
of the financial system. Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation (15 June and 7 July 2009).  
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 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
Singapore Special Risk Shari ng Initiative (SRI) to address 
constraints of limited private insurance capacity:  
- Loan Insurance Scheme (LIS) provides private 
insurance against default risks (maximum loan of 
S$15 million per group (US$10. 4 million)). As from 
1 February 2009, "Loan Insurance Scheme Plus" was 
launched as a complementary to the existing LIS. 
- Export Coverage Scheme (ECS) intended to cover insolvency and protracted defaults of end buyers 
(coverage up to 90%).  
The ECS would be effective from 1 March 2009 to 28 
February 2010. Permanent Delegation of 
Singapore to the WTO 
(various dates). Implemented. No further 
updates to scheme. 
Switzerland UBS: On 16 October 2008, announcement of transfer 
of illiquid assets to the Swiss National Bank 
Stabilization Fund up to a maximum amount of 
US$60 billion (UBS will finance 10% of the transfer). The structured liquidation of the assets 
through the Stabilization Fund will be due at the 
latest in 12 years.   
Strengthening of capital basi s by Swiss Confederation 
(Sw F 6 billion (US$5.9 billion)) on 15 October 2008. On 19 August 2009, the Swiss Confederation 
exercised its right to convert all Sw F 6 billion 
(US$5.9 billion) of its holdings of UBS Mandatory Convertible Notes due in 2011. The placement with 
institutional investors of th e newly issued UBS shares 
received upon conversion was completed  on 25 August 2009. The share capital of UBS increased by 
Sw F 33.2 million (US$32.5 million). 
 (Note: a similar offer was extended to Crédit Suisse Group, which has refrained from making use of this option). Permanent Delegation of 
Switzerland to the WTO (16 October 2008). Upon conclusion of the 
transfer of assets on 3 April 
2009, the total volume of 
assets transferred to the Stabilization Fund's portfolio 
amounts Sw F 38.7 billion 
(US$37.9 billion). 
Trinidad and Tobago The Central Bank has "bailed-out" a major financial 
institution which had interests ranging from life 
insurance to methanol production, representing 
almost 25% of GDP. Permanent Delegation of 
Trinidad and Tobago to the WTO (February 2009).  
United States Federal Reserve Actions surrounding AIG (rescue 
package (US$85 billion), in exchange for 80% public 
stake in the firm).  
AIG Restructuring under the Economic Stabilization 
Act on 10 November 2008 (a dditional recapitalization 
(US$37.5 billion)). Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO. See status below. 
Annex 3 (cont'd)    WT/TPR/OV/12 
 Page A-115 
 
 
 Country/  
Member State Measure Source/Date Status (in force unless 
otherwise indicated) 
United States TARP (Troubled A sset Relief Programme), under the 
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, 
allowing the Secretary of the Treasury to purchase, 
and to make and fund commitments to purchase, 
troubled assets from any fi nancial institution.  Total 
amount foreseen: US$700 billion (US$250 billion 
upon enactment, other US$100 billion if requested by 
the President, and US$350 billion subject to Congressional approval). 
 
The Act defines "financial institution" as including "any institution, including, but not limited to, any 
bank, savings association, credit union, security 
broker or dealer, or insurance company, established and regulated under the laws of the United States or 
any State, territory, or possession of the United 
States... but excluding any central bank of, or 
institution owned by, a foreign government". Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (3 October 2008).  Different programmes 
ongoing, such as:  
- The Capital Purchase 
Programme has provided 
more than US$200 billion to nearly 700 banking 
organizations; 
- The Capital Assistance Programme aiming to ensure 
that US financial institutions 
have sufficient high quality capital; 
- A Public-Private 
Investment Programme to help promote liquidity in the 
market for legacy loans and 
securities; - The Making Home Affordable Plan to facilitate 
refinancing for existing 
performing mortgage; and - Several small business and consumer lending initiatives. 
United States Treasury and Federal Housing Finance Agency 
Actions with respect to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac  
(mortgage lenders rescue package). Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (8 October 2008). See status above. 
United States Citicorp: guarantee scheme for troubled assets 
(US$306 billion) and capital injection (US$20 
billion), under the Targeted Investment Programme; 
complemented by the Asset Guarantee Programme (2 
January 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (23 November 2008). See status above. 
 
    
 
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