WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION   
IP/C/W/558/Add.3 
14 October 2011 
 (11-5056) 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects of 
Intellectual Property Rights Original:   English 
 
 
 
REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 66.2 
OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT 
 
AUSTRALIA 
 
Addendum 
  
 The following communication, dated 30 September 2011, is being circulated at the request of 
the delegation of Australia. 
 
_______________ 
 
 1. The following report updates the report submitted by Australia in October 2009 in accordance 
with paragraph 1 of the Decision of the Council fo r TRIPS of 19 February 2003 on Implementation of 
Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement (IP/C/28), which provides that deve loped country Members 
submit annually reports on actions  taken or planned in pursuance of their commitments under 
Article 66.2. 
2. Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement provides that "developed country Members shall 
provide incentives to enterprises and institutions in their territories for the purpose of promoting and 
encouraging technology transfer to least developed country (LDC) Members in order to enable them 
to create a sound and viable technological base". 
3. In this report, technology transfer is taken to include training, education and knowledge.  
I. TYPE OF INCENTIVES 
4. Australia's transfer of technology to LDCs occurs through the facilitation of a strong 
intellectual property environment in LDCs, throug h incentives that form part of the Australian 
Government's bilateral and regi onal development assistance progra mmes, and through export-related 
activity as a product of market operation.  Techno logy transfer may occur through exports and 
outward or direct investment by Australian firms in other countries.  This transfer of technology may occur in joint ventures between Australian fi rms and overseas companies or governments. 
5. Australia recognises that technology transfer, ec onomic growth and poverty reduction are best 
fostered in an efficient, open  and market-based economy.  Fundam ental to this framework is good 
governance. Australia provides extensive governance capacity-building and technical assistance to 
LDCs.  This includes programmes aimed at im proving economic and financial management, 
strengthening the rule of law and justice, increa sing public sector effectiveness and developing civil 
society and human rights. IP/C/W/558/Add.3 
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  6. Australia considers that the education of LDC nationals at Australian (and other) universities 
and their training in the use and management of technological equipment comprise two of the most 
effective means of transferring technology and know ledge that can then be on-taught and diffused in 
LDCs.  Consequently, a significant portion of Australia's  assistance is directed at providing education 
and training.  
II. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES MAKING INCENTIVES AVAILABLE 
7. This report provides information on activities that  promote technology transfer carried out by 
a number of Australian Government agencies, in cluding the Australian Agency for International 
Development (AusAID), the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Intellectual Property (IP) Australia, and Austrade. 
III. ELIGIBLE ENTERPRISES AND INSTITUTIONS PROVIDING INCENTIVES 
8. The vast majority of Australian development assistance activities are implemented by 
organisations and individuals selected through a competitive tendering process.  Australian aid to LDCs has been untied since 2001, allowing non-Austra lian organisations to bid for contracts to supply 
goods and services under the bilateral and multilate ral development assistance programmes.  
IV. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY 
9. For sustainable development, it is critical that t echnology transfer be appropriate to the needs 
of the particular country. In order to ensure this, Au stralia jointly develops c ountry strategies with all 
major partner countries to form the basis of developm ent assistance.  Country strategies are informed 
by a country-specific analysis of development need s and dialogue with partner governments as to the 
most effective way for Australia to help address thos e needs.  Australia has working partnerships with 
a range of international and community organisatio ns to ensure harmonisation of resource allocation 
and appropriately targeted assistance. 
V. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 
10. Monitoring and measuring the effectiveness and results of development assistance are key 
concerns for the Australian aid programme.  A range of mechanisms and experts are used to ensure 
the effectiveness of monetary incentives, incl uding the AusAID Audit Committee, High Level 
Advisory Groups, the Aid Advisory Council, the Committee for Development Co-operation, peer 
reviews and corporate reviews.  To ensure that Au stralia is at the forefront of global efforts to 
improve development effectiveness, AusAID's Offi ce of Development Effectiveness was established 
in 2006. 
VI. DETAILS OF INCENTIVES FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO LDCS 
11. Australia's technical assistance to LDCs for 2010- 2011 is summarised in the table at Annex 1. 
These (preliminary) figures capture the significant knowledge transfer and capacity building that occurs in the provision of technical assistance.  The total value of Australian assistance to LDCs in 
2010-2011 was $A859,873,944. 
VII. BILATERAL PROGRAMMES 
12. Examples of bilateral activities, carried out by  AusAID, for which technology transfer or 
investment is a major component or the primary aim have been included below.  IP/C/W/558/Add.3 
 Page 3 
 
 
  A. SOLOMON ISLANDS  
13. Australia committed bilateral development assi stance to the Solomon Islands estimated at 
$A51 million in 2010-2011.  The technical assistance component includes support to the Ministry of Health and Medical Services in the area of proc urement, agricultural extension training under the 
Agricultural Livelihoods Programme, and tec hnical support to the Ministry of Lands. 
B. S
OLOMON ISLANDS - RAMSI 
14. The RAMSI Economic Governance Pr ogramme builds the capacity of core functions of the 
Ministry of Finance and Treasury to enable it to deliver against the Solom on Islands Government's 
policy priorities, and to support the Ministry in its  programme of reform to  improve public financial 
management and achieve sustainable economic growth.  
C. VANUATU – GOVERNANCE FOR GROWTH  
15. Australia is supporting the Government of Vanuatu through the $A37 million Governance for 
Growth programme from 2007 to 2012.  Vanuatu and Australia aim to work jointly to identify and 
overcome governance obstacles to broad based grow th, effective service delivery and poverty 
reduction, especially to Vanuatu's rural populati on.  The programme draws on a wide range of aid 
approaches, including technical assistance, grants, direct investment as incentives, and brokering the 
involvement of international organisations and other donors. 
D. EAST  TIMOR  
16. Australia's assistance to East Timor has a strong focus on providing training to develop the 
capacity of the Timorese people.  This includes th e provision of scholarships to Australian tertiary 
institutions. In addition, Australia has provided s upport for vocational training programmes in East 
Timor to provide training for over 10,000 Timo rese people in high-demand industries such as 
building, construction, health services and hospita lity.  Australian-funded professional development 
programmes have also helped train civil servants,  legal professionals, law enforcement officers and 
journalists, helping to improve overall econom ic governance and support civil society.  
E. CAMBODIA  
17. Australia supports education and leadership de velopment in Cambodia through the Australian 
development scholarships.  More than 400 Cam bodian students have been  awarded postgraduate 
study in Australia since 1992.  Australia supports  the capacity building of rural farmers through 
training in modern farming practices such as fer tiliser use and product diversification, supporting 
research in agricultural productivity and providing updated technology such as irrigation systems.  
Australia's support to the law and justice sector tr ains police, court and prison staff to improve the 
operational, managerial, and ins titutional and human rights conditions within the criminal justice 
system of Cambodia.  The Australian Federal Po lice and Attorney Genera l's Department provides 
legislation drafting support and capacity building in forensics and transnational crime.  Through the 
Asia Public Sector Linkages Program, Australia  has improved public sector capacity in partner 
agencies for governance and management.  Austra lia's Water Resource Management Research 
Capacity Development Program is improving the re search capacity of managers, academics and 
policy makers in Cambodia to enhance integrated water resource management policy and practice in 
Cambodia.   IP/C/W/558/Add.3 
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  F. S
AMOA  
18. Through regional organisations, such as the Fore ign Investment Advisory Service, Australia 
provides advice to the Samoan Government on policy and strategies to help attract investors. Such 
efforts include targeted support to help improve  small and medium-sized businesses access finance 
and investment. Australia, in partnership with ot her donors, is also supporting Samoa's Power Sector 
Expansion Project. As part of this project, Australia is providing cap acity building to help improve the 
regulatory environment and upgrade the power infrastructure to assist the government to meet the growing demand for electricity. 
VIII.  REGIONAL AND GLOBAL PROGRAMMES 
19. In addition to bilateral assistance, the Australia n aid programme provides LDCs with transfers 
of technology through various regi onal and global programmes. In most cases, it is difficult to 
separate expenditure specifically to LDCs through these programmes; however, LDCs are included as 
beneficiaries.  
A. ASEAN-A
USTRALIAN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION PROGRAMME  
20. The ASEAN-Australian Development Coopera tion Programme, Phase II, with a budget of 
$A67 million (2008-2015), supports capacity build ing and technical assistance towards ASEAN 
economic integration.  It focuses on activities that:  
 strengthen the ASEAN Secretariat  e.g., deve loping and implementing an overall strategy 
for organisational development at ASEC; pr ovision of funding for technical officers 
within the Secretariat in legal, admini strative and economic areas; and project 
management training;  
 provide high quality economic research (e.g., funding of a position in the ASEAN 
Integration Monitoring Office); studies to assess investment trends and prospects in 
ASEAN; and a services diagnostic needs assessment study; and 
 progress and support implementation of ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 
activities, focussing on services, investment and narrowing the development gap  between ASEAN Member States eg promoting the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment 
Agreement and Toolbox development and tr aining capacity building for a priority 
Tourism Labour Division.  
B. AANZFTA
 ECONOMIC COOPERATION SUPPORT PROGRAMME  
21. The ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA) Agreement entered into 
force on 1 January 2010.  The Agreement includes a chapter on economic cooperation – the first time 
Australia has included such a provision in a free trade agreement.  The AANZFTA Economic 
Cooperation Support Programme consists of a Support  Unit within the ASEAN Secretariat and Work 
Programme activities worth up to $A20 million over five years.  The Programme is designed to 
provide technical assistance and capacity building fo r ASEAN Member States, particularly LDCs, to 
implement the free trade agreement. Australia's targeted assistance under the Programme is also 
aimed at narrowing the development gap among ASE AN Member States with in-Country training for 
Myanmar, Cambodia and Lao PDR on Rules of Or igin; and Tariff and Trade Data Analysis for 
Cambodia.  IP/C/W/558/Add.3 
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  C. ASIA PACIFIC STRATEGY FOR EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (APSED)  2010   
22. Australia is providing $A12 million across four  years (2010-11 to 2013-14) to support the 
World Health Organization's (WHO's) Asia Paci fic Strategy for Emerging Infectious Diseases 
(APSED) 2010. APSED 2010 aims to strengthen the capacity of partner countries to respond to 
disease outbreaks of international concern, including  through assisting Members States to meet their 
core capacity requirements under the International Health Regulations (200 5). APSED 2010 includes 
eight focus areas for priority capacity building efforts:   (1) Surveillance, risk assessment and response; 
(2) Laboratories;  (3) Zoonoses;  (4) Infection pr evention and control;  (5) Risk communications;  
(6) Public health emergency preparedness;  (7 ) Regional preparedness;  and (8) Monitoring and 
evaluation.  
D. STOP TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASE AND ZOONOSES (STANDZ)  INITIATIVE  
23. This $A12.7 million Australian-funded initiative (from May 2011 to June 2016) is 
implemented in South East Asia by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). STANDZ builds on previous successes achieved under the South East Asia and China Foot and Mouth Disease 
Program.  Under STANDZ, FMD eradication and control will focus on targeted livestock vaccination 
in identified regional FMD hotspots and in increa sing emergency technical assistance to communities 
during outbreaks.  The initiative will also continue building countries' veterinary services to comply 
with OIE international standards with the end goal of improving gove rnance and countries' capacity to 
contain any emerging animal diseases, including those that can infect humans. 
E. C
APACITY BUILDING IN ECOHEALTH RESEARCH ON EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES  
24. This programme, implemented by the Internati onal Development Research Centre will build 
capacity for EcoHealth Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) at the research-policy 
interface in the Southeast Asia region.  The initiativ e is providing grant funding for capacity building 
programmes in applied EcoHealth re search approaches to targeted EID Southeast Asian stakeholders 
and a research project on EID-prevention and mitiga tion within vulnerable communities in Southeast 
Asia.  Australia is providing $A1.7 million over five years from June 2009. 
F. AUSTRALIA AWARDS  
25. Australia Awards provide educational, resear ch and professional development opportunities 
to support growth in the region and to build enduring  links at the individual, institutional and country 
levels. Award programmes managed by AusAID in clude the Australian Development Scholarships 
(ADS) and the Australian Leadership Awards (A LA). These programmes aim to strengthen human 
resource capacity, build partnerships and linkages, address regional priority issues and contribute to 
long-term development needs in Australia's partner countries.  
26. From 2010, Australia Awards managed by AusA ID will provide approximately $A1.7 billion 
over five years. LDCs targeted under these schol arship programmes include: Afghanistan, Angola, 
Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the 
Congo, Gambia, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao PDR, Lesotho,  Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mozambique, 
Myanmar, Nepal, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Pr incipe, Senegal, Sierra  Leone, Solomon Islands, 
Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zambia and Yemen. 
G. THE CARIBBEAN  
27. Australia has committed $A60 million in regi onal assistance to CARICOM member countries 
from FY2009-10 to 2013-14. The Caribbean progr am is focussed on regional initiatives, which 
includes the provision of 110 long term scholarships to  Australian tertiary institutions for applicants IP/C/W/558/Add.3 
Page 6  
 
  from regional organisations, government departments and universities.  In addition, Australia has 
supported the development of a Diplomatic Traini ng Program focused on the issues of Small Island 
States. 
28. Development of climate change and disaster risk  reduction and economic resilience pillars of 
assistance have been completed.  Activities will fo cus on assisting Small Island States to tackle the 
challenges of the integrating into the global economy , climate change and disaster risk reduction.  The 
technical assistance components of these pillars incl ude funding ($A6 million) for the International 
Monetary Funds Caribbean Regional Technical Assi stance Centre which provides economic advisory 
services to governments in the region.  
29. The CARIBSAVE Climate Change Risk Atlas project is focused on the development and 
production of national Country Profiles through the modelling of climate change variables, the 
assessment of social-economic vulnerabilities (on a sect oral basis), the analysis of adaptive capacity 
of the country and relevant sectors and the developmen t of a suite of strategies for implementation to 
reduce vulnerabilities and strengthen resilience.  The profiles provide practical assistance to governments, communities and the tourism sector. Th is approach has been working effectively in 
15 Caribbean countries and is a partnership betw een the Caribbean Community Climate Change 
Centre and Oxford University.  The Caribbean  Community Climate Change Centre (5Cs) is 
spearheading initiatives in fossil fuel reduction and th e use of renewable energy sources, as well as 
public education.  
30. Australian funding is supporting the Global E nvironment Facility-funded adaptation project 
in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to establish a solar powered desalinisation plant to improve water 
security.  
H. WTO
 DOHA DEVELOPMENT AGENDA GLOBAL TRUST FUND 
31. Since 2002, Australia has contributed over $A8 million to the WTO's DDA Global Trust 
Fund to provide technical assistance to developing country Members to participate in the Doha Round 
of trade negotiations.  Australia's contributi on to the Fund for 2011 will be $A2 million.  
I. ENHANCED INTEGRATION FRAMEWORK  
32. Australia has contributed $A2 million in 2011 to the Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF), a 
multilateral program to assist least developed countr ies (LDCs) to build trade capacity and integrate 
into the global trading system.  Addressing IP issues  is an important element of technical assistance 
provided under the EIF. The EIF currently benef its 47 least-developed nations, including important 
regional partners for Australia such as Cambodia, East Timor, Lao PDR, Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon 
Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. 
IX. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY OTHER 
AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 
A. DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCES , ENERGY AND TOURISM  
33. The Department of Resources, Energy and Tour ism (RET) is funding the South-East Asia and 
Pacific Regional Secretariat of the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP). 
REEEP is a global partnership of governments, pr ivate companies and international organisations 
working to reduce barriers to the uptake of renewabl e energy and energy efficiency technologies with 
a focus on developing countries and emerging market s.  The Department's funding will allow the 
South East Asia and Pacific Regional Secretariat of REEEP to continue wo rking to facilitate the  IP/C/W/558/Add.3 
 Page 7 
 
 
  uptake of clean energy solutions and promote energy efficiency in the Pacific region, which includes a 
number of LDCs, through a range of projects. 
34. RET funds Australia's membership in the Inte rnational Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). 
IRENA is a treaty level organisation with 154 Members including 153 States and the European Union. Australia ratified the IRENA Treaty on 6 January 2011 and participates as a Member of the 
IRENA Council. IRENA is an international orga nisation focussed on the increased deployment and 
sustainable use of renewable energy technologies. In particular IRENA aims to provide policy advice 
and technology information to developing countri es to allow them to employ renewable energy 
technologies to contribute to the sustainable de velopment of those countries.  In 2011 IRENA 
commenced developing its knowledge management ser vices and capacity building programs for both 
Africa and the small island countries of the Paci fic. Australia's annual mandatory contribution 
supports the IRENA budget in the delivery of its stated objectives.  
35. RET also provides annual funding of €15,000 for the Climate Technology Initiative (CTI). 
CTI is a multilateral initiative, operating as an Implementing Agreement under the International 
Energy Agency (IEA) which aims to foster intern ational co-operation in the accelerated development 
and diffusion of climate-friendly and environm entally sound technologies and practices.  The 
principle activities of the CTI are: technology needs assessments; seminars and symposia; 
implementation activities; training courses; and information dissemination.  The CTI works closely with the United National Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process, relevant 
IEA Implementing Agreements, REEEP and other international organisat ions and has had an 
important role in creating the enabling environm ents that allow for international technology 
cooperation, this includes addressing market barriers to private sector investment and the deployment 
of technology.  As part of its implementation activities, CTI has establis hed the Private Finance 
Advisory Network (PFAN).  The PFAN is an alliance of private sector companies with an interest in 
providing financing and financing services to climat e friendly projects, particularly low emission 
technologies.  Participants include specialist inve stment funds and institutional investors.  PFAN 
provides coaching and technical assistance to proj ect developers in developing and transition 
countries to assist them in the preparation of proj ect financing proposals meeting the standards of the 
international finance community.  
B. 
DEPARTMENT OF INNOVATION , INDUSTRY , SCIENCE AND RESEARCH  
National Measurement Institute 
36. The National Measurement Institute (NMI) within  the Department of Innovation, Industry, 
Science and Research serves as Australia's representativ e to peak international and regional forums in 
metrology (measurement science).  In this capacity NMI is a member of – and lead player in – the two 
peak regional metrology bodies, the Asia Pacifi c Legal Metrology Forum (APLMF) and the Asia-
Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) involvi ng some 20-25 economies from the Asia Pacific 
including least developed and developing economie s.  For example Cambodia and DPR Korea are 
members of the APLMF and Bangladesh, Nepal and the DPR Korea are members of the APMP.  NMI 
experts have been actively involved in technology transfer activities under the auspices of APMP and 
APLMF as well as bilateral and multilateral techni cal assistance projects and training for over two 
decades.  The projects have primarily been aimed at developing scientific measurement and legal metrology capabilities and providing expert a dvice and consultancies to counterpart national 
metrology institutes and legal metrology authorities.   
The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation 
37. The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) is a public research 
organisation and the centre of Australian nuclear expertise.  This expertise is applied to IP/C/W/558/Add.3 
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  radiopharmaceutical production and research; environmental and materials research; neutron 
scattering and a range of other disciplines.  ANSTO  provides expert scientific and technical policy 
advice to the Government in relation to all ma tters within the ambit of nuclear science and 
technology, and supports Government in undert aking its regional and international role and 
obligations.  ANSTO undertakes projects with LDCs  to share knowledge and know-how and transfer 
technology regarding the safe and peaceful use of nuclear technology.  
38. ANSTO participates in projects under the Foru m for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA), 
most notably through leadership of a project on Safety Management Systems (SMS) for Nuclear Facilities, involving Bangladesh, Viet Nam, Indonesia,  Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia and China 
- 2009 to 2014.  The FNCA Safety Management Systems (SMS) project is a cooperative effort 
between developed and developing countries, incl uding least developed countries such as Bangladesh, 
to identify and share key aspects of safety manageme nt systems for nuclear facilities, such as research 
reactors in order to help achieve improved safety at such facilities.  It does this by developing peer 
review methodologies for nuclear safety management  and then, by mutual agreement, performing 
peer reviews at designated institutes in project countries.  
39. ANSTO has provided assistance to neighbouring countries in establishing the capability to 
securely manage Radioactive Sources, working in Cambodia, Viet Nam, Fiji, Indonesia, Malaysia, 
Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Thailand from 2004 to 2011.  The Project helps South East Asian and Pacific countries, including least deve loped countries such as Cambodia and Papua New 
Guinea, to develop the capacity for, and begin implementation of, regulatory, safety and security 
requirements to ensure radioactive sources used in  medicine, industry, education and research are 
managed securely according to intern ational best practice.  The primary means is via training courses, 
train-the-trainer workshops and technical advisory and peer review missions, with funds being used 
by counterpart regional agencies to conduct traini ng and develop their relevant infrastructure and 
human resource development programs. 
40. ANSTO also participates more broadly in the transfer of nuclear technology for peaceful 
purposes under the Technical Cooperation Programme of the International Atomic Energy Agency, 
and particularly through the associated Regiona l Co-operative Agreement (RCA) for Research, 
Development and Training Related to Nuclear Sc ience and Technology for Asia and the Pacific. 
ANSTO is currently leading an RCA project on assessing the impact of the Fukushima accident on 
the marine environment. 
C. D
EPARTMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND AUSAID 
41. Through the International Climate Change Adaptation Initiative (ICCAI), implemented 
jointly by the Department of Climate Change a nd Energy Efficiency and AusAID, the Australian 
Government is investing $A328.2 million over five  years (2008-2013) to assist vulnerable countries, 
particularly small island and developing states and least developed countries, adapt to the unavoidable 
impacts of climate change.  
42. The ICCAI comprises four interrelated compone nts, which in combination will deliver a 
coordinated package of development assistance: 
 Improved scientific information and unde rstanding, such as technology transfer; 
 Strategic planning and vulnerability assessments;  
 Implementing, financing and coor dinating adaptation measures; and 
 Multilateral support for climate change adaptation.   IP/C/W/558/Add.3 
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  43. The overarching objectives of the programme are to: 
 establish a sound policy, scientific and analytical  basis for long-term Australian action to 
help developing partner countries adapt to the im pacts of climate change.  In order to do 
this, Australia has been developing technological capacity within partner countries;  
 increase understanding in partner countries of the impacts of climate change on their natural 
and socio-economic systems;  
 enhance partner country capacity to assess key climate vulnerabilities and risks, formulate 
appropriate adaptation strategies and plans, and mainstream adaptation into decision 
making; and 
 identify and help finance priority adaptation measures to increase the resilience of partner 
countries to the impacts of climate change.  
44. Key activities implemented under the Initiative include: 
 The Pacific Climate Change Science Programme  ($A20 million, 2009 to  2011) is helping 
Pacific island countries and East Timor better understand how climate change will impact 
on them;  
 The Asia-Pacific Community-based Adaptati on Small Grants Programme ($A10 million, 
2009 to 2013, including approximately $A4 m illion for Pacific island countries and East 
Timor) is providing funds to implement priority adaptation measures at the local level in 14 Pacific island countries, the Mekong s ub-region, East Timor and Sri Lanka;  
 The Pacific Future Climate Leaders Programme helps build a group of Pacific leaders with a 
greater understanding of climate change a nd tools to enhance resilience by supporting 
development and implementation of climate change  higher education at the University of the 
South Pacific.  This includes the provision of 26 scholarships at Masters and diploma level; 
 The Mekong Delta Vulnerability and Adapta tion Initiative (Australian contribution 
$A1.14 million, 2009 and 2010) aims to incr ease understanding of key socio-economic and 
environmental impacts of climate change in 12 provinces of the Mekong delta region and 
strengthen the capacity of delta provinces to adapt to climate change impacts.  
45. The Initiative is integrating adaptation into key activities in Kiribati, Marshall Islands, 
Micronesia, Nauru, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuva lu and Vanuatu – focusing on food and water 
security and infrastructure protection, including: 
– in Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, Australia is f unding upgrading of transport infrastructure to 
reduce the risk of extreme weather even ts and coastal erosion ($A7 million); 
– in Nauru and Tuvalu, funding the constructi on and installation of over 600 large rainwater 
tanks.  These tanks will help provide a buffer against changing rates of rainfall and reduce 
reliance on diesel-powered desalina tion plants ($A1.1 million); and 
– in Kiribati, supporting improved water security, increased coastal resilience and strengthening 
government capacity to plan for and adapt to the impacts of climate change ($A5.1 million). 
 
46. Through the ongoing Pacific Islands Climate Pr ediction Project, the Australian Bureau of 
Meteorology is working with climate-dependent industries and government agencies in ten Pacific 
countries on tailored long-range (three to six months ) climate predictions.  This support will assist 
water resource managers to plan for expected ra infall shortages by increasing storage capacity.  Least 
developed countries involved in this programme ar e Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Tuvalu, and 
Samoa. IP/C/W/558/Add.3 
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47. Australia will contribute $A31.5 million to the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) from 
2007-08 to 2012.  The LDCF supports the prepara tion and implementation of National Adaptation 
Programmes of Action (NAPAs), which provide a pr ocess for LDCs to identify and prioritise their 
urgent and immediate adaptation needs. These adap tation needs could include technology transfer 
activities if these were prioritised by the LDCs during the NAPA development process. 
48. The Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR), one of the World Bank-administered 
Climate Investment Funds, supports developing coun tries to integrate climate resilience as a key 
component of their national development plans and decisions.  Nine of the eleven PPCR pilots are 
located in LDCs: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Mozambi que, Nepal, Niger, Yemen, Zambia, Pacific 
regional (Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga) and Caribbean regional (Dominica, Grenada, Haiti, 
Jamaica, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent & the Grenadines). Through the International Climate 
Change Adaptation Initiative, Australia has cont ributed $A40 million to the PPCR from 2008-09 to 
2010-11. 
D. IP
 AUSTRALIA  
49. Australia contributes to the process of technology transfer by assisting in the development of 
strong intellectual property (IP) regimes in countries in  the Asia and Pacific Region. This is primarily 
delivered under the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) - Australia Work Plan on Intellectual Property Technical Assistance in the Asia  and Pacific Region.  Under this plan, Australia 
and WIPO jointly deliver IP technical cooperation projects in the region. 
50. Key activities in 2010-11 were two advanced training workshops to prepare countries for 
accession to the Madrid Protocol (an international IP treaty that provides applicants with a single 
application process when applying for a trade mark in multiple jurisd ictions).  Held in Canberra from 
21-25 February 2011, the workshops attracted partic ipants from the IP Offices of 18 countries in the 
Asia Pacific region - Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia,  China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of 
Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zeala nd, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, 
Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam along with representatives from WIPO.  
51. The aim of the workshops was to enhance unders tanding of the Madrid Protocol and provide 
the opportunity to learn about the practical implementation of this treaty.  The workshops included:  
 presentations on the operation of the Madrid Protocol from experts from IP offices and 
private sector users of the Madrid system; and 
 dialogue on national experiences in implementing the Madrid Protocol. 
52. A key outcome was a report developed by a prof essional facilitator that proposed next steps to 
enable countries in the region to successfully acced e to the Madrid Protocol.  This report was 
presented at the ASEAN Australia New Zealand FTA (AANZFTA) IP Committee meeting in Bali, 
Indonesia in July 2011 and further projects are pla nned to assist countries in the region to make the 
most of this important treaty. 
53. Another project under the WIPO-IP Australia work  plan is the development of a national IP 
strategy for Samoa.  The three phase project cons ists of (a) a needs assessment, (b) drafting the 
strategy document and (c) finalisation of the doc ument. Phase (a) and (b) were completed in 2011, 
phase (c) is ongoing and is expected to be completed early 2012.  IP/C/W/558/Add.3 
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  E. AUSTRADE  
54. The Australian Trade Commission is Australia's tr ade and investment development agency.  It 
is responsible for assisting business, small and large, across a wide field of technologies, to export and 
invest internationally, including in least devel oped countries.  Austrade is also responsible for 
attracting foreign direct investment into Australia . Some examples of Austrade-assisted activities in 
business include: 
 a medium-sized Australian solar solutions co mpany recently established an office in Fiji 
for the rollout of solar energy solutions fo r remote schools, including in LDC nations; 
 a large Australian ICT firm has developed multiple partnerships with Pacific LDC 
telecommunications entities providing software, ICT infrastructure and managed services (locations include Samoa, Solomon Islands and Timor L'este); 
 a laboratory services specialist firm has engaged a local partner and has led to transfer of 
laboratory testing protocols and practices and development of country-wide staff in outer-
Pacific in Fiji, Vanuatu, Samoa, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia; 
 a medium-sized consultancy is providing consultancy services, including training and 
development, in the banking IT sector for south Pacific based banking conglomerate – primarily in Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Fiji. IP/C/W/558/Add.3 
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  ANNEX  
Australia's Aid Programme: Australia's Technical Assistance to  
Least Developed Countries 2010-2011 
 Australia's Technical Assistance Official Deve lopment Assistance (ODA) to Least Developed 
Countries for 2010-2011 is summarised below (prelimin ary figures).  Data is not available for IP 
specific technology transfer elements, however th e below figures capture the significant knowledge-
transfer and capacity building that occurs in the provision of technical assistance. 
Total Australian ODA to Least Developed Countries in 2010-11 
LDC Name Preliminary Expenses ($A) 
AFGHANISTAN 111,561,945.12 
ANGOLA 0.00 
BANGLADESH 71,569,891.95 
BHUTAN 6,071,178.16 
CAMBODIA 47,419,361.36 
CONGO, DEM. REP. OF 6,000,000.00 
ETHIOPIA 3,482,966.01 
HAITI 1,387,245.50 
KIRIBATI 18,548,538.78 
LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC 
REPUBLIC 41,681,440.61 
LESOTHO 274,728.27 
MALAWI 3,641,140.47 
MOZAMBIQUE 13,525,789.84 
MYANMAR (BURMA) 43,803,047.17 
NEPAL 23,926,745.47 
RWANDA 109,467.70 
SAMOA 21,623,855.55 
SOLOMON ISLANDS 236,318,899.03 
SOMALIA 4,000,000.00 
SUDAN 23,022,052.00 
TANZANIA 8,385,180.72 
TIMOR-LESTE (East Timor) 104,075,411.01 
TUVALU 7,553,151.61 
UGANDA 6,424,414.33 
VANUATU  48,232,576.33 
YEMEN 2,500,000.00 
ZAMBIA 4,734,917.44 
TOTAL ODA TO LDCS 85,873,944.44 
 
 
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