WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/TPR/OV/13 
24 November 2010 
 
 (10-6301) 
Trade Policy Review Body  
 
 
 
OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN THE  
INTERNATIONAL TRADING ENVIRONMENT1 
 
Annual Report by the Director-General  
 
 
Table of Contents  
 
Page 
I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ .................2 
II. TRADE AND SELECTED ECONOMIC TRENDS ............................................................................4 
  1. Trade in goods ..........................................................................................................8 
  2. Trade in commercial services .................................................................................11 
  3. International remittances.........................................................................................11   4. Trade and jobs.........................................................................................................12 
  5. Trade imbalances....................................................................................................16 
III. TRADE AND TRADE-RELATED POLICY DEVELOPMENTS ....................................................19 
 A. T
RADE MEASURES ..................................................................................................................19 
  1. Tariffs ................................................................................................................... ..21 
  2. Trade remedy measures ..........................................................................................25 
  3. Sanitary and ph ytosanitary measures......................................................................33 
  4. Technical barriers to trade ......................................................................................34   5. Measures affecti ng trade in services.......................................................................35 
 B. T
RADE POLICY REVIEWS IN 2010 ...........................................................................................43 
 C. R EGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS ............................................................................................46 
 D. G OVERNMENT PROCUREMENT ...............................................................................................50 
IV. AID FOR TRADE.................................................................................................................. .............52  
V. TRADE FINANCING................................................................................................................ .........52  
VI. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT MEASURES ........................................................................................53  
VII. TRANSPARENCY AND NOTIFICATIONS ....................................................................................54  
ANNEX 1  Trade and Trad e-Related M easures ........................................................................61 
ANNEX 2  General Economic  Stimulus Measures .................................................................106
  
  
                                                     
 
1 This Report covers the period November 2009 to mid-October 2010.  It is presented pursuant to 
Paragraph G of the Trade Policy Review Mechanism and aims to assist the TPRB to undertake its annual 
overview of developments in the international trading environment that are having an impact on the multilateral 
trading system.  The Report is issued under the sole respon sibility of the Director-General.  It has no legal effect 
on the rights and obligations of Members, nor does it have any legal implications with respect to the conformity 
of any measure noted in the Report with any WTO Agreement or any provisions thereof.  The Report builds on 
the Director-General's Trade Monitoring report distributed on 14 June 2010 (WT/TPR/OV/W/3). WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 2  
 
I. INTRODUCTION 
1. This report, presented pursuant to Paragraph G of the Trade Policy Review Mechanism, is 
aimed at assisting the TPRB to unde rtake its annual overview of deve lopments in the international 
trading environment that are having an impact on the multilateral trading system.  It covers the period November 2009 to mid-October 2010. 
2. In 2010, world trade recovered more strongl y than output from its worst decline in many 
decades.  Trade volume (measured by exports) grew  annually by nearly 6% on average between 2000 
and 2007, before slowing to 2% in 2008 and then fa lling by a record 12% in 2009 in the wake of the 
global financial crisis.  By July 2010, world trade volume had recovered roughl y to its level of July 
2008 and was close to its pre-crisis peak in Apri l of that year.  Notwithstanding signs of weaker 
growth in the second half of the year, the WTO forecasts world trade volume growth of 13.5% for 
2010 as a whole. 
3. Developed countries' merchandise exports declined  more than those of developing countries 
in 2009, falling by 15% compared to 8% for developing countries, as households and firms postponed purchases of consumer durables and investment goods.  Developed countries' exports are expected to 
expand by 11.5% in volume terms in 2010 while developing countries and transition economies are 
expected to see an increase of 16.5%.  The re bound of trade flows has been strongest among 
developing countries in Asia. 
4. Rapid trade growth in the first half of 2010 appeared to decelerate over the summer months, 
and there are uncertainties ahead.  The growth of wo rld output is projected by the IMF to slow to 
4.2% in 2011 from 4.8% this year, with growth  of 2.2% in developed countries and 6.4% in 
developing countries. 
5. The economic recovery has not been strong enough so far to impact significantly on high 
levels of unemployment in many countries.  A ccording to the ILO, based on current trends 
employment is not projected to return to its 2008 level before 2015 in high income economies, 
whereas in emerging economies that le vel was regained already in 2010.
2  Unemployment globally is 
estimated at 210 million, an increase of 30 milli on over pre-crisis levels. Youth unemployment 
remains persistently high at double the aggregate rate in most countries.  In all G20 countries, 
manufacturing employment has fallen relative to pre- crisis levels and real wages in manufacturing 
have declined by 4% in 2010 relative to 2007.   
6. The TPRB monitoring exercise and individual Trade Policy Reviews confirm that 
governments have continued this year to resist pr otectionist pressures and exercise restraint over the 
imposition of new trade restrictions.  New trade re strictive measures have been imposed (Annex 1) 
but at a somewhat slower rate than in 2009, and th ere has been an encouraging increase in the number 
of new measures introduced to facilitate trade, especially by reducing or temporarily exempting 
import tariffs and by streamlining customs procedures.  In the area of trade in services, some governments have introduced significant changes to th eir foreign investment regimes in order to allow 
broader presence of foreign suppliers in various service sectors.   
7. Nonetheless, it is sobering to note that new r estrictive measures introduced in the period 
between November 2009 and mid-October 2010 cove r around 1.2% of world imports, an increase 
over the level of 1% recorded in the previous twelve month period. 
8. The sectors most affected by new trade rest rictive measures in 2010 are base metals and 
products, machinery and mechanical  appliances, and transport equipment.  These sectors, along with 
agriculture, were already relatively heavily protected before the global financial crisis.  Continuing to 
                                                     
 
2 ILO Annual World of Work Report , 1 October 2010.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 3 
 
 
target them with trade restrictive measures leads to chronic protection of these sectors, hampering 
structural adjustment at home and denying export opportunities abroad. 
9. There is need for increased vigilance by  WTO Members to three potential dangers. 
10. The first is that the last few months have seen an increase in protectionist pressures generated 
by global imbalances, at a time when the political c onsensus in favour of open trade and investment is 
already under strain from stubbornly high levels of unemployment in many countries.  The causes of 
large trade imbalances, as well as persistent high le vels of unemployment and disorderly movements 
in currencies, are macroeconomic in nature.  Rest ricting trade cannot correct those problems, but it 
could easily provoke retaliation which would serious ly threaten jobs and growth worldwide. 
11. The second  is the danger of a steady accumulation over time of measures that restrict or 
distort trade and investment.  Since the end of 2008 , new trade restrictions have built up to cover 1.9% 
of total imports.  Only around 15% of the measures introduced since the outbreak of the crisis have 
been removed so far.  This is too low.  G20 gover nments, in particular, need to give priority to 
removing those measures that were taken as a te mporary response to the economic crisis.   
12. The third is the challenge of managing the trad e and investment impacts of stimulus and bail-
out measures taken in response to the crisis. The e ffects of those measures, on trade and competition, 
will be examined by Members at a Special Sessi on of the TPRB scheduled for early spring 2011.  In 
the meantime, exit strategies to unwind them should be transparent and accountable and should not be 
used as a pretext to discriminate, directly or i ndirectly, against foreign traders or investors.  
13. In Seoul, G20 Leaders expressed an unwavering co mmitment to resist protectionism in all its 
forms.  They reaffirmed the extension of their standstill commitments until the end of 2013 as agreed 
in Toronto, committed to rollback any new protecti onist measures that may have arisen, including 
export restrictions and WTO-inconsistent measures to stimulate exports, and asked the WTO, OECD 
and UNCTAD to continue monitoring the situati on and to report on a semi-annual basis. 
14. The March 2010 stocktaking on the Doha Deve lopment Agenda agreed to let work and 
consultations be guided by a so-called cocktail ap proach of a combination of meetings in small 
groups, bilateral contacts, Negotiating Group meetings  and consultations of the Director-General.  
This process has been feeding in to the Negotiating Groups and the Trade Negotiations Committee.  
The centrality and primacy of the multilateral proce ss together with transparency and inclusiveness 
are the guiding principles.  The G20 Leaders' mee ting in Seoul and APEC Leaders and Ministers' 
meeting in Yokahama sent str ong signals of political resolve to conclude the DDA.  Leaders 
recognized the 2011 window of opportunity to ac hieve this goal.  They called for intensified 
engagement and for negotiations across the board to conclude the end-game.  They also committed to 
seeking domestic ratification once an outcome is reach ed.  The challenge now is to translate this 
political will into negotiations in Geneva. 
15. The number of regional trade agreements (RTAs) continues to rise rapidly.  By end 
October 2010, almost 200 RTAs that are in force had been notified to the WTO and about 100 more 
are being negotiated.  Since 2008, East Asia has been the most active region notifying new RTAs, 
with 19 agreements entering into force.  Europe is  also active, with 15 new agreements, as is South 
America with nine new agreements.  North and Central America have notified four and six new 
agreements, respectively, and Africa three new agreements since 2008. 
16. The Transparency Mech anism for RTAs, which has been operational since 2007, has shown 
that while RTAs generally do liberalize trade, many of them have been unable to address problems of 
tariff peaks and sectoral protection, and that it re mains difficult to overcome vested protectionist 
interests at the regional level.  Even where tari ffs are eliminated, in many cases MFN tariffs are 
already low with the result that the additional liber alization in RTAs is marginal.  For services, while WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 4  
 
there is some evidence to suggest that commit ments in RTAs go beyond GATS commitments, they 
are by and large binding the status quo and therefor e not providing additional market access than that 
which already exists on an MFN basis.  The new generation of RTAs is in creasingly tackling barriers 
that are normally considered to be "behind the border", such as regulatory bottlenecks which have a 
significant impact on trade.  Clearly, some of these RTAs are going beyond the multilateral rules.  
Given the economies of scale and scope in reducing regulatory barriers to trade and investment, it is 
time to bring these efforts into the multilateral tradi ng system.  This should be the focus of discussion 
among Members on RTAs.  
17. The business environment for trade finance has continued to improve since the middle of 
2009.  Nevertheless, traders in low-income countri es, especially Africa, are still confronted with 
significant difficulties in accessing trade finance at a ffordable prices.  In addition, new and diverse 
regulatory requirements are deterri ng international banks from doing business in these areas, because 
the increasing cost of compliance has reduced alrea dy low margins to negligible levels.  The WTO 
Expert Group on Trade Finance is continuing to explore sustainable solutions for these countries. 
18. This report to the TPRB, and those that have preceded it, aims to contribute to improving the 
multilateral transparency of trade policies.  Other im portant steps have been taken this year by all 
WTO Councils and Committees to improve the impl ementation of WTO notification requirements 
and stimulate a more up-to-date and comprehens ive flow among Members of recent trade-related 
developments.  The record of compliance with notif ication requirements has improved considerably in 
the past two years.  More needs to be done.  Th e global financial and econom ic crisis and the WTO's 
trade-monitoring exercise have shown the importa nce of increased transparency for the smooth 
functioning of the multilateral trading system.  Progr ess in this area depends on active participation by 
all Members. 
II. TRADE AND SELECTED ECONOMIC TRENDS 
19. The world economy is still in a recovery phase fro m the global financial crisis.  Developing 
countries have performed relatively well recently, while output growth in developed countries has 
been more sluggish.  The slow pace of job creation in many developed countries has left 
unemployment rates at very high levels.  The IM F expects world output growth to remain positive 
throughout the remainder of 2010, avoiding fears of  a "double dip recession" despite slower growth 
for developed countries in the second half of the year.
3  A 4.8% increase in world GDP is projected 
for the year as a whole, with developed and de veloping countries growing by 2.7% and 7.1%, 
respectively.  The pace of expansion is projected to moderate in 2011 to 4.2%, w ith growth of 2.2% in 
developed countries and 6.4% in developing countries.  
20. World trade has rebounded more strongly than output.  Developing countries have been the 
main drivers of this recovery.  World exports reco rded a 26% increase year-on-year in dollar terms in 
the second quarter of 2010, more than half of whic h was due to shipments from developing countries 
(Chart 1).  The WTO forecasts 13.5% growth for world merchandise trade in 2010 in volume terms 
(i.e. adjusted to account for changes in prices and exchange rates), with e xports of developed and 
developing countries rising 11.5% and 16.5%, respectively.   
                                                      
3 IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2010.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
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979101314
10
-7
-18 -19-131211566101214
13
-5
-13-14-1231515
-40-30-20-10010203040
2007Q1 2007Q2 2007Q3 2007Q4 2008Q1 2008Q2 2008Q3 2008Q4 2009Q1 2009Q2 2009Q3 2009Q4 2010Q1 2010Q2Chart 1
Contributions to year-on-year growth in  world merchandise exports, 2007Q1 - 2010Q2
Source:  WTO Secretariat estimates based on data compiled fr om IMF International Financial Statistics; Eurostat 
Comext Database; Global Trade Atlas and National Statistics.Percentage
Note: Due to scarce data, Africa and Middle East regional totals are under-represented by about 5% and 15% 
respectively.Contribution of developed economies Contribution of developing economies + CIS
World merchandise exports, year-on-year percentage change1
 
 
21. Trade growth has slowed in the second half of 2010 (Chart 2).  Exports from the United 
States peaked in March and have been flat since th en.  EU shipments dipped in the spring of 2010 and 
again in late summer, possibly due to an increased  level of economic uncertainty caused by sovereign 
debt concerns within Europe.  Exports from Ja pan and China dipped in August but recovered in 
September. 
 
 WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 6  
 
020406080100120140160180
Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10 May-10 Jun-10 Jul-10 Aug-10 Sep-10Chart 2
Monthly merchandise exports of selected G20 economies 
(Billion dollars)
Source: National Statistics.United StatesEuropean Union(27)
JapanChina
 
 
22. According to the latest estimates from the Ne therlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, 
the volume of world trade (average of exports and imports) was up 20%  in August from a year earlier, 
as exports of developed economies advanced 16%  and those of developing economies rose 24%  
(Chart 3).4  
23. The rate of trade growth appears to have sl owed recently.  World trade volume increased by 
1.5% in August, but this followed a decline of 1% in July which dragged the average growth rate for 
the last three months down to 0.5%.  Year-on-year  growth was up 24%,  but this was preceded by 
slower growth of 21% in June and 16% in July.  This apparent pause in the trade expansion can be 
explained partly by weaker demand for imports in  developed countries as the pace of their economic 
recovery from recession in 2009 begins to decelerate.  Also, from a purely numerical point of view, smaller year-on-year growth rates will occur as the impact of the low base in the first half of 2009 
diminishes over time.  Both of these factors will reduce growth rates for world trade in coming 
months, especially in the final quarter of 2010, and bring the expansion for the year down closer to the 
current forecast of 13.5% growth.   
 
                                                     
 
4 CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, Trade Monitor, 23 September 2010.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 7 
 
 
50100150200250
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Chart 3
Volume of monthly exports and imports, January 2000 - August 2010
50100150200250
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
OECD minus Turkey, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Central European countries.
CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.Indices, 2000 = 100Exports
Imports
World
a
Source:Emerging economies Advanced economiesaWorld
 
 WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 8  
 
1. Trade in goods 
24. Exports of developing countries ha ve grown faster in volume terms
 than those of developed 
countries, 23% year-on-year compared with 19%.  Developing countries in Asia recorded an even stronger increase of 27%, higher than any other region .  The developed country with the fastest export 
growth during the same period was Japan, which saw its shipments to the rest of the world rise by 
nearly 34% year-on-year in August.  Together, th ese data show a strong Asian component in the 
resurgence of world trade.  
25. World trade volume in August 2010 was roughly equa l to its level of July of 2008, and very 
close to the pre-crisis peak from April of that year.  Exports and imports of emerging economies in July were both above their pre-crisis highs, while  developed countries were below their previous 
peaks. 
26. Chart 4 shows merchandise exports and imports of selected economies in current US dollars
 
through August/September.  The largest economies (t he United States, the European Union, Japan and 
China) still appear to be trending upward, although their pace of trade expansion may be slowing.  
China's imports have not kept pace with exports in  recent months, while imports of the Republic of 
Korea have been flat since April.  Other sma ller Asian economies have shown a similar fall in 
imports, e.g. Chinese Taipei, Philippines and Viet Nam.  
27. Exports and imports of the United States were up respectively, 22% and 31% year-on-year in 
August 2010, up slightly from July when the country recorded 21% year-on-year growth in both exports and imports.  For the year to date, the do llar value of US exports was up 23% while imports 
increased by 26%.  In July, the country's trade de ficit widened to US$69 billion from US$47 billion in 
January of this year, and from  US$32 billion in February 2009. 
28. The dollar value of world exports in the first half of 2010 rose around 26% year-on-year 
compared to the same period in 2009, but some of  this was due to higher prices for fuels and other 
commodities compared to a year earlier (Chart 5).  Excluding fuels and mining products, the increase was lower at around 22%, with developed countries'  exports growing by around 12% and developing 
countries by nearly 30%. 
29. The steeper decline of developed countries' exports  during the crisis can be explained in part 
by product composition.  Exports of automotive pr oducts, which are a large component of developed 
country exports but less important for developing economies, were down 47% in Q1-2009;  by Q2-
2010 they had recovered by 35% year-on-year but we re still well below their pre-crisis level (down 
26% from Q2-2008).  Some products that developi ng countries specialize in exporting declined less 
during the crisis and recovered faster in its afte rmath.  Exports of office and telecommunications 
equipment, for example, were down 29% in Q1-2 009 but by Q2-2010 they had recovered to 1% 
higher than they were two years earlier.  Exports of  clothing and textiles fell by 20% during the crisis, 
but their recovery has lagged and by Q2-2010 they  are still nearly 12% below their 2008 levels.  Iron 
and steel exports had fallen by 55% at the trough of  the crisis, and although exports were 43% higher 
year-on-year in Q2-2010 they remain depressed at 36% below their 2008 levels. 
30. The faster export growth of developing economi es has been supported by rising trade between 
developing countries.  Intra-trade of developing economies excluding fuels and mining products was 
up 38% year-on-year in the first half of 2010 while trade among developed economies increased by 
12%. 
 
 
   WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 9 
 
 
010203040506070
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10050100150200250
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10020406080
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10
050100150200250
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10020406080
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10
0306090120150
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10
0306090120150
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10Chart 4
Monthly merchandise exports and imports of selected economies, Jan 2007 - Sept 2010
United States Japan(US$ billion)
European Union (27) extra-trade France
Germany United Kingdom
China
01020304050
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10
0510152025
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10Republic of Korea
Brazil
05101520253035
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10India
 
 WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 10  
 
051015202530
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10
05101520
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-1001020304050
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10024681012
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10
010203040
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10
0510152025
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10
01234567
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10Russian Federation South Africa
Chinese Taipei Singapore
Malaysia Thailand
Philippines
0123456789
Jan-07 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10Viet Nam
Source :  IMF, International Financial Statistics;
               GTIS; GTA database; national statistics.Exports ImportsChart 4 (continued)
 
 
  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 11 
 
 
 
Chart 5
Prices of selected primary commodities, January 2005 - August 2010
(Indices, 2000=100)
04080120160200240280320360400440480
Jan-05
Jul-05
Jan-06
Jul-06
Jan-07
Jul-07
Jan-08
Jul-08
Jan-09
Jul-09
Jan-10
Jul-10
Energy Food Metals
Source :  IMF, Primary Commodity Prices.
 
 
2. Trade in commercial services 
31. Timely data on trade in commercial services is less widely available than data on trade in 
goods.  Figures that do exist show exports of deve loping economies growing faster than those of 
developed economies, just as is the case with merchandise trade. 
32. The dollar value of United States services expor ts between January a nd August was up nearly 
10% year-on-year, led by travel services, which registered a 15% increase.  During the same period, Japan's total exports of commercial services ro se nearly 9%, while Brazil's grew by 16%. 
33. Services exports in the first half of 2010 in creased 5% for the European Union including 
intra-EU trade, 7% for Russia, and 41% for China.  The Chinese increase was led by other 
commercial services (including financial services)  which jumped by 55%.  The European Union 
might have recorded a bigger increase in the first half  of 2010 if not for a 5% decline in travel services 
in the second quarter.  EU exports were actually up 9%  year-on-year in the first quarter of this year, 
but this figure fell to 1% in the second quarter. 
3. International remittances 
34. According to a recent World Bank report, "histori cally, remittances have been stable or even 
countercyclical, and have tended to rise in times of fi nancial crisis [...] because migrants living abroad 
send more money. For the first time since the 1980s, remittances to developing countries declined WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 12  
 
modestly in 2009".  The most recent data shows that officially recorded remittances flows for 2009 
amounted to U$S316 billion, down 6% compared with the previous year (US$336 billion).
5  
35. Although the global economic recovery will prob ably remain fragile until more progress is 
made to bring down unemployment, the World Bank est imates that migrants' remittances are expected 
to increase by 6.2% and 7.1% for the years 2010 and 2011 respectively (Table 1). Remittance inflows 
remained more resilient compared to other types of resource flow, and they continue to constitute an 
important source of foreign exchange earnings fo r developing countries and transition economies.  
Table 1 
International remittances, 2006-11 
 2006 2007 2008 2009a 2010b 2011b 
Developing countries (US$ billion) 235 290 336 316 335 359 
 East Asia and Pacific 58 71 86 86 94 103 
 Europe and Central Asia 37 51 58 46 48 52 
 Latin America and Caribbean 59 63 64 57 60 64 
 Middle East and North Africa 26 32 35 32 33 34 
 South Asia 43 54 72 75 79 83 
 Sub-Saharan Africa 13 19 21 21 22 23 
       
Growth rate (%) 18.4 23.1 15.9 -6.0 6.2 7.1 
 East Asia and Pacific 14.2 23.8 20.7 -0.4 9.8 9.2 
 Europe and Central Asia 24.1 36.0 13.3 -20.7 5.4 7.6 
 Latin America and Caribbean 18.1 6.9 2.1 -12.3 5.7 7.9 
 Middle East and North Africa 4.6 21.4 9.8 -8.1 3.6 4.0 
 South Asia 25.3 27.1 32.6 4.9 4.7 5.2 
 Sub-Saharan Africa 34.8 48.5 14.1 -2.7 4.4 5.8 
a Estimate. 
b Forecast. 
Source:  World Bank. 
4. Trade and jobs 
36. The impact of the global crisis remains signi ficant in the jobs area.  Since 2007, global 
unemployment is estimated to have increased by 30 million.  The ILO expects that it will take five 
more years in many countries for the job market to return to pre-recession levels.6  
37. Global economic recovery will remain weak until more progress is made to bring down 
unemployment in developed economies, since a high rate of joblessness causes households to limit 
consumption and reduces incentives for firms to invest .  As of Q2-2010, the US unemployment rate 
remained stubbornly high at just under 10% and ou tput growth, while still positive, was down for the 
second quarter in a row.  Germany and Brazil are unusual in that thei r current unemployment rates are 
lower than they were before the economic cris is.  In both cases joblessness has fallen from near 10% 
in 2007 to around 7% today (Chart 6).   
 
                                                      
5 Migration and Development Brief 12;  Migration and Remittance Team – Development Prospects 
Group, World Bank, Outlook for Remittance Flows 2010-11  (23 April 2010), available at: 
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/Resources/334934-
1110315015165/MigrationAndDevelopmentBrief12.pdf [2 November 2011]. 
6 ILO Annual World of Work Report , 1 October 2010.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 13 
 
 
-8.0-6.0-4.0-2.00.02.04.06.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007
Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008
Q3 2008
Q4 2008
Q1 2009
Q2 2009
Q3 2009
Q4 2009
Q1 2010
Q2 2010% change over previous quarte r
0.02.04.06.08.010.012.014.0
% of labour forc eChart 6
GDP growth and unemployment rates of selected G20 economies, Q1 2007 - Q2 2010(Annualized percentage change over previous  quarter and percentage of labour force)
United States
-10.0-8.0-6.0-4.0-2.00.02.04.06.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007Q3 2007Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008Q3 2008Q4 2008Q1 2009Q2 2009Q3 2009
Q4 2009
Q1 2010Q2 2010% change over previous quarte
r
0.02.04.06.08.010.012.014.016.0
% of labour forceEuropean Union (27)
-8.0-6.0-4.0-2.00.02.04.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007
Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008
Q3 2008
Q4 2008
Q1 2009
Q2 2009
Q3 2009
Q4 2009
Q1 2010
Q2 2010% change over previous quarte r
0.02.04.06.08.010.012.0
% of labour force
-14.0-10.0-6.0-2.02.06.010.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007Q3 2007Q4 2007Q1 2008
Q2 2008
Q3 2008Q4 2008Q1 2009Q2 2009
Q3 2009
Q4 2009Q1 2010Q2 2010% change over previous quarte
r
0.02.04.06.08.010.012.0
% of labour force
-12.0-10.0-8.0-6.0-4.0-2.00.02.04.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007Q3 2007Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008
Q3 2008
Q4 2008
Q1 2009Q2 2009Q3 2009
Q4 2009
Q1 2010Q2 2010% change over previous quarte
r
4.06.08.010.012.0
% of labour force
-10.0-8.0-6.0-4.0-2.00.02.04.06.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007Q3 2007Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008Q3 2008Q4 2008Q1 2009
Q2 2009
Q3 2009Q4 2009Q1 2010Q2 2010% change over previous quarte
r
2.04.06.08.010.0
% of labour forceFrance Germany
Italy United Kingdom
 
 WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 14  
 
-18.0-14.0-10.0-6.0-2.02.06.010.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008Q3 2008
Q4 2008
Q1 2009
Q2 2009Q3 2009
Q4 2009
Q1 2010
Q2 2010% change over previous quarte
r
0.02.04.06.08.010.012.014.0
% of labour forc eChart 6  (continued)
Japan
-18.0-14.0-10.0-6.0-2.02.06.010.014.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007
Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008
Q3 2008
Q4 2008
Q1 2009
Q2 2009
Q3 2009
Q4 2009
Q1 2010
Q2 2010% change over previous quarte r
0.02.04.06.08.0
% of labour forc eRepublic of Korea
-14.0-12.0-10.0-8.0-6.0-4.0-2.00.02.04.06.08.010.012.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008Q3 2008
Q4 2008
Q1 2009
Q2 2009Q3 2009
Q4 2009
Q1 2010
Q2 2010% change over previous quarte
r
0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.010.011.012.013.0
% of labour force
-22.0-18.0-14.0-10.0-6.0-2.02.06.010.014.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007
Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008
Q3 2008
Q4 2008
Q1 2009
Q2 2009
Q3 2009
Q4 2009Q1 2010
Q2 2010% change over previous quarte
r
0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0
% of labour force
-2.00.02.04.06.08.010.012.014.016.018.020.022.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007
Q4 2007
Q1 2008Q2 2008
Q3 2008
Q4 2008
Q1 2009
Q2 2009Q3 2009
Q4 2009
Q1 2010Q2 2010% change over previous quarte
r
0.01.02.03.04.0
% of labour force
-2.00.02.04.06.08.010.012.014.016.018.020.022.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007
Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008
Q3 2008
Q4 2008Q1 2009
Q2 2009
Q3 2009Q4 2009
Q1 2010
Q2 2010% change over previous quarte
r
0.01.02.03.04.0
% of labour forceBrazil Russian Federation
China a, b
India b
a    GDP growth estimated based on year-on-year changes reported by China's National Bureau of Statistics.
b    Unemployment data not available.
 
 
  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 15 
 
 
-4.0-2.00.02.04.06.08.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008
Q3 2008
Q4 2008
Q1 2009
Q2 2009
Q3 2009
Q4 2009
Q1 2010
Q2 2010% change over previous quarte
r
0.01.02.03.04.05.06.0
% of labour forc eChart 6 (continued)
Australia
Source :  Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and National Statistics.-8.0-6.0-4.0-2.00.02.04.06.08.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007
Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008
Q3 2008
Q4 2008
Q1 2009
Q2 2009
Q3 2009
Q4 2009
Q1 2010
Q2 2010% change over previous quarte r
2.04.06.08.010.0
% of labour forc eCanada
-2.00.02.04.06.08.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007
Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008
Q3 2008
Q4 2008
Q1 2009
Q2 2009
Q3 2009
Q4 2009
Q1 2010
Q2 2010% change over previous quarte r
0.02.04.06.08.010.0
% of labour forc e
-8.0-4.00.04.08.012.016.020.024.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008Q3 2008
Q4 2008
Q1 2009Q2 2009
Q3 2009
Q4 2009Q1 2010
Q2 2010% change over previous quarte
r
0.02.04.06.08.010.012.014.016.0
% of labour forc e
-8.0-6.0-4.0-2.00.02.04.06.08.0
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007
Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008
Q3 2008
Q4 2008
Q1 2009
Q2 2009Q3 2009
Q4 2009
Q1 2010
Q2 2010% change over previous quarte
r
12.016.020.024.028.0
% of labour forceIndonesia Turkey
South Africa
GDP (LHS) Unemployment rate (RHS)
 
 
 WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 16  
 
38. A Report on Seizing the Benefits of Trade for Employment and Growth was prepared by the 
Secretariats of the OECD, ILO, World Bank,  and the WTO for the G20 Summit in Seoul.
7  T h e  
message is that open markets can contribute to grow th and better employment outcomes provided that 
it is complemented by appropriate policies;  this wa s true before the global crisis and it remains true 
today.  In the near term, given pressures on gove rnments, the financial sector and households to 
strengthen balance sheets, further trade opening can generate an additional stimulus that will create 
employment opportunities for the world as a whole.  The Report considers not only further liberalization of trade in goods and services but also highlights the importance of complementary 
action at the national and international levels to faci litate adjustment and ensure that the benefits of 
trade are widely shared. 
5. Trade imbalances 
39. Current account imbalances narrowed during the global downturn due to the contraction of 
world trade and output.  The IMF is projecting a lim ited increase in global surpluses and deficits for 
the next two years.  When viewed from a multila teral perspective (one country's current account 
balance vis-à-vis the rest of the world), the situa tion for the United States, the EU and Japan has not 
changed markedly over the past decade (Chart 7).  At  a more disaggregated level (a country's current 
account balance vis-à-vis a particular region or an individual trading partner), the changes have been 
more pronounced.  Many factors play a role in sh ifting the pattern of regional and bilateral trade 
surpluses and deficits over time.  One example, show n in Chart 8, is the extent to which China has 
displaced other exporters from Asia in supplying  imports to the United States market, although the 
share of Asia as a region in the total US trade defi cit increased only gradually in the last decade from 
55% to 61%.   
Chart 7
Current account balances of selected economies, 2000 - 2010
(Percent of GDP)
-8-6-4-2024681012
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
United States Japan
Euro area Germany
China Newly industrialized Asian economies
Source :  IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2010.
 
 
                                                      
7 Viewed at http://www.wto.org/english/news_e /news10_e/igo_04nov10_e.htm, 4 November 2010.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 17 
 
 
  
Chart 8
United States merchandise trade balance with Asia, 2000 - 2009
(US$ billion)
-450-400-350-300-250-200-150-100-500
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source :  Secretariat estimates based on UNSD Comtrade database.United States trade balance with AsiaAsia excluding China
 China
 
40. At a time when tensions over current account imbalances are pre-occupying G20 
governments, it is worth recalling two lessons about the use of trade restrictions from past GATT and 
WTO experience.  One was captured by Trade Minist ers in their Marrakesh Declaration on Coherence 
in Global Economic Policymaking, where they noted th at "difficulties the origins of which lie outside 
the trade field cannot be redressed through measures ta ken in the trade field alone".  The origins of 
current account imbalances lie in different national rates of saving and spending, and correcting them 
requires first and foremost a macroeconomic polic y response.  The second lesson, which underlies the 
WTO balance-of-payments provisions, is that trad e restrictions can only ever be expected to 
contribute to reducing a country's trade deficit if th ey are applied to the general level of imports from 
all sources, and even then the effect will be tem porary in the absence of supporting macroeconomic 
policy reforms.  Trade restrictions that target particular products or particular foreign suppliers will 
simply shift around the mix of products and suppliers w ithout affecting the overall level of imports.   
41. A factor that is of particular relevance when s ituating trade and trade policies in the context of 
current tensions over trade imbalan ces is that trade flow statistics are recorded universally in gross 
terms;  the full value of an imported product is attri buted to the country that exports it, even if that 
country contributes only a small proportion of the product's value-added.  This has long been 
recognized in trade policy terms, for example when imposing rules of origin requirements on products 
that are eligible for preferential tariff treatment.  Even so, it can send misleading signals to trade 
policymakers.  With many manufacturing processes today broken down into separate parts and spread across different countries before the finished product is assembled for export in one of them, 
attributing the full value of the product to the coun try from which it is exporte d to its final consumer 
destination will give an exaggerated idea of the real  importance of trade with that country.  Progress is 
being made in calculating trade flow st atistics in value-added terms (Box 1). WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 18  
 
Box 1:  Measuring international trade in value added:  an introduction 
The integration of international markets ha s produced a relatively new phenomenon of " global manufacturing " 
characterized by the vertical integration of produc tive processes and the off-shoring of industrial tasks. 
The increasing fragmentation of value chains has led to an increase of trade flows in intermediate goods, especially 
in the manufacturing sector.  In 2009, trad e in intermediate goods was the most dy namic sector of international trade, 
representing more than 50% of non-fuel merchandise trade.   This trade in parts, components and accessories, or 
"trade in tasks", adds value along the production chain.  Specialization is no  longer based on the overall balance of 
comparative advantage in producing a final good, but on specific a dvantages that "trade in tasks" adds to each step of 
the global value chain. 
The speed and the depth of these changes call for an adaptation of national statistical systems and international 
norms.  The traditional concept of country of origin for manufactured goods is gradually becoming obsolete as 
various operations, from the design of a product to the ma nufacture of its components, their assembly and related 
marketing, have spread around the world. 
How should the impact on trade of this internat ional sharing of the produc tion chain be measured? 
While providing useful indicators for analysing trade patterns, traditional trade statistics measure trade flows across 
borders on a gross basis and count vertical trade flows mu ltiple times.  For example, a computer chip exported from 
Country A for incorporation into a final product that is then exported from Country B is counted twice in 
international export statistics.  To be able to quantify the part of imported input s, or the net value added in a country's 
exports, different measur es can be considered. 
Some case studies on specific products have been published.  The recent release of Apple's iPad©, produced through 
a global supply chain, was taken up in the press as adding some US$287 to the U.S.-China trade deficit fo r each item 
shipped, when in fact only some US$12 va lue is added to each  unit in China.   
Many national statistical institutes use specific surveys of la rge exporting firms in order to have a better view of the 
national allocation of output and value added.  EUROST AT and the OECD link customs statistics with business 
registers in order to better understand the specificity of fi rms engaged in trade.  Thes e disaggregated methods have 
the advantage of being very precise but they are reserved for large statistical institutes and are still at the stage of 
pilot projects. 
An alternative is to work from existing trade statistics to disentangle trade in final goods  and trade in intermediate 
inputs, both exports and imports.  Trade in intermediate  goods is generally measured through a breakdown of trade 
statistics according to the UN classification of Broad Economic  Categories (BEC). A difficulty with this approach is 
that some goods can be either intermediate or final products depending on th eir end use, but this can be solved by 
working at disaggregated level.  This methodology is limited to trade in goods si nce there is no data available on trade 
in intermediate services. 
A different approach estimates the domes tic content of exports (trade in valu e added) by using international input-
output (II-O) tables and bilateral trade data on goods and services.  This methodology is used by the WTO, in 
cooperation with the OECD and several re search institutes, like the IDE-Jetro in Japan and the World Input-Output 
Data base project supported by the European Union.  It allows the domestic sectors (i ncluding services) that add 
national value to exports to be traced.  Complemented by labour  statistics, it will also help identify how many direct 
and indirect jobs are created by exports.   
The calculation of trade flows based on value added has many uses.  An example is shown in the table below, where 
recalculating the bilateral trade balance between the Unite d States and China using value-added data results in a 
reduction of the deficit by more than 40%.  
 
 
Box 1 (Cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 19 
 
 
 
•   US-China trade balance, 2008: Tradit ional and value added measurement  
•   (Billion dollars) 
Item Value 
USA exports to China (traditional statistics) 71 
USA exports to China (in value added terms) 60 
USA imports from China (tra ditional statistics)  * 356 
USA imports from China (in value added terms) 224 
Trade balance (traditional statistics )  -285 
Trade balance (in value added terms)  **  -165 
•  
•    * Adjusted for China processing trade.  
•   ** While individual bilateral balances are affected by the value-added measurement, the total trade  
•        balance of each country –as measured  by the balance of payments– remains the same.  
•   Source:   A. Maurer and Ch. Degain "Glo balization and trade flows: what you see is not what you get!",  
                 WTO Staff Working Paper ERSD-2010-12, June 2010. 
Further decomposition using II-O matrices into two types of industries in China (firms producing for the domestic 
market and firms specializing in exports) leads to even lower value-added, as the foreign content of Chinese exports 
is usually higher than the foreign content of the production so ld on the domestic market.  An estimate made by U.S. 
International Trade Commission (ITC) put the foreign content at 46 per cent for 20 02, which would have the effect of 
reducing the bilateral trade imbalance by more than half  (Judith Dean, K.C. Fung, UC and  Zhi Wang "Measuring 
Vertical Specialization: the Case of China", US Interna tional Trade Commission, 2010).  Th e U.S. ITC estimates that 
Mexico's manufactured exports on average have a domestic value-added share of about 34%.   
Measuring trade in value added provides governments with a much more accurate indication of the costs of their 
import restrictions.  It allows the calculation of effective rates of protection – which are often far higher than nominal 
rates of protection – for domestic, import- competing industries, and the loss of export competitiveness that is caused 
by more costly imported components.   
 
III. TRADE AND TRADE-RELATED POLICY DEVELOPMENTS 
A. TRADE MEASURES  
42. In the Director-General's mid-year report to  WTO Members on trade and trade-related policy 
developments8 it was noted that despite the severity of the global crisis and its widespread impact on 
economies around the world, governments have largely r esisted resort to protectionist trade measures.  
Since then, they have continued to exercise restra int over the imposition of new trade restrictions.  
New trade restrictions have been imposed, but at a slower rate than in the past. 
43. Annex 1 to this report provides a compilati on of all trade and trade-related measures 
introduced by WTO Members and Observer Gove rnments from November 2009 to mid-October 
2010.  In this period, new import restrictions, along with new initiati ons of investigations into the 
imposition of trade remedy measures, cover 1.2% of total world imports at a maximum  (Table 2).9  
This compares with trade coverage of just over 1%  in 2008-2009.  However, almost half of the 1.2% 
trade coverage for 2009-2010 is accounted for by just  three measures:  the renewal by the EU of its 
prior surveillance system on steel imports (covering all of HS Chapters 72 and 73), the imposition by 
China of a temporary increase in import tariffs on fuel  oil and jet fuel, and the initiation by China of a 
countervailing duty investigation on  imports of wireless wide-area networking modems.  It is 
                                                      
8 WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. 
9 Secretariat calculations are based on the following methodology:  (i ) Only trade measures that are 
actually in force are covered;  these measures are listed in  Annex 1 of this Report.  Measures that have simply 
been proposed, or that have not yet cleared the domestic legislative proce ss, are not included.  (ii) Where two 
measures (e.g. an anti-dumping and a countervailing duty) exist for the sa me country and the same product, 
import figures are only counted once.  (iii) The value of tr ade covered is counted at the six-digit tariff line level, 
which is the most disaggregated level available from UN Comtrade.  For many import restrictions, this 
overstates  the value of trade affected by the measure, pote ntially by quite a lot;  for example, an anti-dumping 
duty may only affect highly specific products from just a few firms.      WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 20  
 
important to emphasize that these figures represent th e trade coverage of the measures;  they do not
 
indicate the size of the reduction in trade caused by  the measures which, other than in the case of 
prohibitively high restrictions, is considerably less.  
Table 2 
Share of world trade covered by new trade restrictive measures 
(Per cent) 
October 2008 to October 2009 November 2009 to mid-October 2010 
1.01 1.20 
 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates ba sed on UNSD Comtrade database. 
44. The new trade restrictions introduced this year a ffect a relatively wide range of products.  In 
terms of number of trade measures, the sectors most frequently affected are: machinery and mechanical appliances (19 measures);  iron and steel (18 measures);  articles of iron and steel (17 measures); organic chemicals (14 measures);  electrical machinery and equipment (14 measures);  cereals (13 measures); and plastic products.  The sect ors most heavily affected in terms of trade 
coverage of restrictive measures were:  base meta ls and their products (iron and steel, and their 
products);  machinery and mechanical  appliances (electrical machinery) ;  minerals (fuels and oils);  
and transport equipment (vehicles) (Table 3). 
Table 3 
Trade coverage of import restricti ve measures, November 2009-October 2010 
(Per cent) 
HS section Share in total world im ports Share in total restriction 
Total imports affected 1.20 100.0 
  Agriculture (HS 01-24) 0.05 4.5 
    Live animals and products 0.03 2.7 
    Vegetable products 0.00 0.2 
    Fats and oils 0.00 0.0 
    Prepared food, beve rages and tobacco 0.02 1.6 
  Industry products (HS 25-97) 1.15 95.5 
    Minerals 0.20 16.8 
    Chemicals and products thereof 0.06 4.8 
    Plastics and rubber, and products thereof 0.03 2.1 
    Hides and skins 0.00 0.2 
    Wood and articles thereof 0.00 0.2 
    Pulp, paper etc. 0.01 0.7 
    Textiles and clothing 0.03 2.1 
    Footwear, headgear 0.00 0.3 
    Articles of stone 0.01 0.9 
    Precious stones, plaster, ce ment; glass and glassware 0.00 0.1 
    Base metals and products thereof 0.40 33.3 
    Machinery and mechanical appliances 0.24 20.1 
   Transport equipment 0.15 12.7 
    Precision equipment 0.01 0.8 
    Arms and ammunition 0.00 0.0 
    Miscellaneous manufacture 0.01 0.5 
    Works of art, etc. 0.00 0.0 
Note: Calculations are based on 2009 import figures.  Total world imports in 2009:  US$12,463 billion. 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, ba sed on UNSD Comtrade database.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 21 
 
 
45. The majority of new measures since November  2009 have been the initiation of trade remedy 
investigations, in particular anti-dumping inves tigations, followed by increases in tariffs, other 
import-related taxes and non-tariff measures (Table 4).  The most frequently reported export measures 
applied to certain agricultural products (export bans and quotas affecting grains) and certain minerals 
(export quota reductions and reported info rmal bans on rare earth minerals). 
Table 4 
Trade coverage of import restrictive measures  
Type of restrictive measure October 2008 – October 2009 November 2009 – mid-October 2010 
Trade remedy 184 122 
Border 105 62 
Export 20 25 
Other 15 13 
Total 324 222 
Source : Annex 1 and WTO document WT/TPR/OV/12 of 18 November 2009. 
46. Beyond the trade and trade-related measures lis ted in Annex 1, concerns continued to be 
raised by Members in the period under review about the restrictive impact on their exports of unnecessarily cumbersome customs procedures and bureau cratic delays in some of their trading 
partners, as well as some SPS and TBT measures. 
47. The number of trade facilitating measures taken in 2010 has been increasing.  Almost half of 
all trade and trade-related measures reported during the period were facilitating measures, in 
particular through the reduction of import tariffs  (although some reductions  were implemented on a 
temporary basis only) or the streamlining of custom s procedures.  A number of trade remedy actions 
were ended, involving the termination of investig ations without the imposition of any duties or the 
removal of duties imposed during previous periods. 
48. In the area of trade in services, countries ar e maintaining their services trade policies and 
levels of market access.  Some of them have introduced significant ch anges to their foreign 
investment regimes in order to allow broader presence of foreign suppliers in various service sectors.   
1. Tariffs 
49. Although some Members have raised a few of their applied  MFN tariffs since the crisis 
began, such increases have been rare (eve n in Members where significant gaps between bound  and 
applied  MFN rates provide scope for such increases).   Since the conclusion of the Uruguay Round, 
the overall trend in applied  MFN rates in the four largest trader s (the United States, European Union, 
Japan and China) as well as most other Members, including Brazil, India, Malaysia, Papua New 
Guinea (PNG) and South Africa, continues to be downwards whether in line with Members' WTO 
commitments or due to unilateral action, despite th e global crisis.  Sri Lanka is an example of an 
exception to this trend (see below). 
50. In the United States, EU and Japan, where applied  MFN tariffs are generally at, or very close 
to, bound  rates, the simple average applied  MFN rates for all products in 2010 were down to 4.8% in 
the United States, 6.6% in the EU, and 5.8% in Japan, making an overall average of 5.7%, compared 
to 8.5% in 1996, for this Triad of industrialized Members (Table 5a).  However, these averages tend 
to underestimate the level of nominal  tariff protection.  In particular, they do not include opaque 
specific duties for which ad valorem  equivalents are not available, as in the EU and Japan, and which 
tend to conceal tariff "peaks".  Moreover, while this seemingly low level of tariff protection might give the impression that tariffs are no longer a major ba rrier to international trade, especially as far as 
industrial goods are concerned, these low tariff aver ages disguise the fact that agricultural products WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 22  
 
together with textiles and clothing are subject to much higher average rates of 13.9% and 7.9%, respectively. 
51. Although tariffs tend to be considerable higher in  developing countries, they too have been 
falling, and, in some important cases, rapidly.  In the four major developing Members, namely China, 
India, Brazil and South Africa, simple average applied  MFN tariff rates have been cut by between one 
half and two thirds in China, I ndia and South Africa, where they ha ve reached 9.5%, 12.0% and 8.1%, 
respectively, while in Brazil the average has dr opped substantially to 11.5%, making an overall 
average of 10.2% for these four countries (Table 5b).  Whereas ag ricultural products entering China 
and India, face tariffs that are, on average, roughl y two to four times those applied to non-agricultural 
imports, in Brazil and South Africa, agricultural produc ts are subject to similar or even substantially 
lower tariffs than those applied to non-agricultura l products.  Brazil and South Africa, and to a lesser 
extent China, levy relatively high tariffs on textiles and clothing.   
52. It follows that tariffs remain an important  instrument of protection and distortion to 
competition and therefore a major obstacle to interna tional trade and economic development.  Even in 
industrialized countries, where nominal  applied MFN tariff rates are on average low, effective  rates 
can be much higher.  High effective  tariff rates together with the existence of tariff "peaks" in certain 
sectors, notably textiles and clothing as well as agricu lture, suggest that the domestic dead-weight and 
net welfare losses caused by tariff protection as we ll as the costs to consumers in those countries 
could be high.  Such losses and costs to consumers ar e also likely to be high in developing countries 
where overall tariff protection is greater than in in dustrialized countries, thereby constituting also a 
serious impediment to South-South trade.   
53. Additional unsatisfactory features of tariffs include the lack of tariff bindings for non-
agricultural products together w ith considerable gaps between applied  and bound  rates, largely in 
developing countries, the use of opaque specific (as opposed to ad valorem) rates, and tariff quotas.  
Tariffs are not only a barrier to imports.  Insofar as they are levied on imported inputs and reflected in 
the prices of goods and services produced in the importing country, they also constitute taxes on 
domestic exporters. 
54. In some developing countries, ta riffs can be an important source of tax revenue.  In Sri Lanka, 
for example the trend in average applied MFN ta riffs until recently has been upwards, rising from 
9.2% in 2001 to 11.8% in 2008 (but dropping sli ghtly in 2010) in order to raise tax revenues 
(Table 5c).  By contrast, PNG has managed to  greatly reduce its dependence on tariffs for tax 
revenues by introducing value-added and excise tax es.  As a consequence,  PNG’s average applied 
MFN tariff rate fell from 20.5% in 1999 to 5.1% in 2006, where it has since remained.  So whereas in 
1998 tariffs accounted for 17.3% of PNG’s tax reve nues, in 2006 they accounted for only 3%.    WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 23 
 
 
Table 5a 
Structure of MFN tariffs in the United States, the European Union, and Japan  
(Per cent) 
  United Statesa European Union Japan 
  MFN applied MFN a pplied MFN applied 
    1996 2002 2010 F.B. 
(2006)b 1995c 2002 2010d F.B. 
(2010)bd 1996e 2002e 2010e F.B. 
(2010 )b 
1 Bound tariff lines 
(per cent of all tariff lines) 100.0f 100.0f 100.0f 100.0f .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.9 98.9 98.8 98.8 
2 Simple average rate 6.4 5.1 4.8 4.7 10.2 6.4 6.6 6.7 9.0 6.9 5.8 5.9 
    WTO agricultural products 10.3 9.8 8.9 8.9 24.5 16.1 17.1 17.1 .. 20.1 15.7 16.0 
  WTO non-agricultural 
 products 5.7 4.2 4.1 4.0 6.9 4.1 4.1 4.2 .. 3.9 3.5 3.6 
      Textiles and clothing 11.5 9.7 9.1 9.1 10.4 8.4 8.0 8.0 8.7 7.0 6.6 6.6 
  ISIC 1 - Agriculture,  hunting 
and  fishing 7.1 5.6 5.7 5.6 .. 9.3 9.3 9.7 .. 7.2 4.4 4.3 
  ISIC 2 - Mining 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.3 .. 0.2 0.3 0.3 .. 0.1 0.1 0.1 
  ISIC 3 - Manufacturing 6.4 5.1 4.8 4.7 .. 6.3 6.5 6.6 .. 6.9 6.0 6.1 
  First stage of processing 4.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 .. 7.6 7.2 7.6 .. 9.2 5.7 5.7 
  Semi-processed products 6.5 4.7 4.2 4.2 .. 4.9 5.1 5.1 .. 4.8 4.7 4.8 
  Fully processed products 6.5 5.5 5.3 5.2 .. 7.0 7.3 7.3 .. 7.8 6.6 6.8 
3 Duty free tariff lines (per cent of 
all tariff lines) 18.2 31.2 36.6 37.4 9.4 21.5 24.8 24.1 34.9 36.7 41.4 40.5 
4 Tariff quotas (per cent of all 
tariff lines) 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 3.3 3.1 4.7 4.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 
5 Non- ad valorem  tariffs (per cent 
of all tariff lines) 14.1 12.2 10.7 11.0 10.2 9.7 10.3 10.3 7.1 7.1 6.6 6.4 
6 Non- ad valorem  tariffs with no 
AVEs (per cent of all tariff lines) 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.0 2.6 3.7 3.7 .. 1.2 2.0 1.9 
7 Domestic tariff "peaks" (per cent 
of all tariff lines)g 4.0 5.3 6.7 6.8 4.0 5.2 5.5 5.4 .. 6.0 6.6 6.7 
8 International tariff "peaks" (per 
cent of all tariff lines)h 8.9 6.3 5.1 5.2 11.0 7.7 8.6 8.8 .. 7.6 7.4 7.5 
9 Overall standard deviation of 
tariff rates 13.4 12.3 11.8 11.8 16.5 11.3 13.3 13.3 40.8 32.6 15.9 16.1 
10 Nuisance applied rates (per cent 
of all tariff lines)i 8.9 12.6 7.2 7.0 1.0 12.9 8.8 8.9 .. 6.1 1.3 1.2 
.. Not available.  
F.B.  Final bound.  
a The United Stat es levies its ad valorem duties on the basis of the "f.o.b." ("free on board" ) price, thereby ex cluding the costs of insurance and 
freight.  By contrast, most other WTO Members, including the EU, Japan and Canada, levy ad valorem  import duties on the "c.i.f." price, which 
includes these costs.  As  the c.i.f. price exceeds the f.o.b. price by the amount of insu rance and freight costs, a  tariff lev ied on the f.o.b. price 
affords less protection than one levied at the same rate on the c.i.f. price. 
b Indicate tariff schedule year on which bound rates are based on. c  Pre-Uruguay Round tariff. d Provisional figures. 
e Fiscal year, valid from 1 April. 
f Two lines, applying to crude petroleum, are not bound. g Domestic tariff peaks are defined as those exceedin g three times the overall si mple average applied rate. 
h Tariff peaks are defined as those exceeding 15%. i  Nuisance rates are those greater than zero, but less than or equal to 2%. 
 
Note: All calculations exclude "in quota" rates.  Ad valorem e quivalents (AVEs) of non-ad valorem duties are used insofar as th ey are available.  Where 
AVEs are not available, the ad valorem tariff component is used for compound and alternate rates. 
Source : WTO Secretariat calculations, based on  data provided by the Members. 
 WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 24  
 
Table 5b 
Structure of MFN tariffs in selected developing countries 
(Per cent) 
  China India Brazil South Africa 
  MFN applied MFN applied MFN applied MFN applied 
    1996 2002 2009 F.B. 
(2009)a 1997b 2001b 2010b F.B.
(2010)a2000 2002 2008 F.B. 
(2005)a 1997 2002 2009 F.B. 
(2008)a
1 Bound tariff lines (per cent of 
all tariff lines) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .. 73.3 75.6 75.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.3 96.2 95.1 95.1 
2 Simple average rate 23.6 12.2 9.5 9.9 35.3 32.3 12.0 46.4 13.7 12.3 11.5 30.2 15.0 11.4 8.1 20.3 
   WTO agricultural products 33.8 18.2 15.2 15.3 35.2 40.7 33.3 118.4 12.6 11.5 10.1 35.2 9.4 9.6 10.1 41.8 
   WTO non-agricultural 
 products 22.1 11.2 8.6 9.0 35.4 31.0 8.9 32.1 13.8 12.4 11.6 29.6 15.7 11.6 7.8 16.7 
      Textiles and clothing 32.8 17.5 11.5 11.5 43.7 31.3 9.7 28.7 20.3 18.7 25.1 34.7 35.1 24.4 21.2 27.8 
   ISIC 1 - Agriculture, hunting 
 and fishing 25.2 13.1 11.1 11.3 26.7 32.9 28.9 95.4 9.3 8.3 7.1 33.9 5.5 5.3 3.7 21.0 
   ISIC 2 - Mining 5.7 2.5 1.9 2.8 25.5 21.3 5.1 36.2 6.2 4.8 3.1 34.2 1.4 0.7 0.8 1.5 
   ISIC 3 - Manufacturing 23.9 12.3 9.5 9.9 36.1 32.5 11.1 43.2 14.0 12.6 11.8 30.0 15.6 11.8 8.5 20.6 
   First stage of processing 20.4 11.2 9.5 9.9 25.6 29.3 22.5 76.8 9.0 8.0 6.9 34.0 5.0 4.8 3.6 16.6 
   Semi-processed products 17.0 9.5 7.1 7.3 35.7 32.3 8.6 40.7 11.9 10.5 9.3 26.1 18.6 12.9 6.0 15.3 
   Fully processed products 27.8 13.8 10.8 11.3 37.3 33.0 12.3 43.6 15.8 14.3 13.9 32.5 13.7 11.2 10.2 24.0 
3 Duty free tariff lines (per cent of 
all tariff lines) 1.9 4.9 9.4 7.6 1.4 1.1 3.2 1.9 1.5 5.6 8.3 0.7 42.4 43.4 54.4 11.6 
4 Tariff quotas (per cent of all 
tariff lines) .. 0.8 0.6 0.6 .. .. .. .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 .. 4.2 3.8 4.6 4.6 
5 Non- ad valorem  tariffs (per cent 
of all tariff lines) 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.2 5.3 6.1 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 25.6 25.0 3.2 0.0 
6 Non- ad valorem  tariffs with no 
AVEs (per cent of all tariff lines) 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.2 5.3 6.1 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 25.6 25.0 0.8 0.0 
7 Domestic tariff "peaks" (per 
cent of all tariff lines)c 1.1 1.8 2.0 2.4 0.2 1.3 2.2 6.5 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 4.0 3.9 8.5 2.8 
8 International tariff "peaks" 
(per cent of all tariff lines)d 55.2 29.0 14.8 15.9 90.5 93.9 11.9 87.7 41.3 40.1 26.3 97.4 39.3 34.8 20.8 46.4 
9 Overall standard deviation of 
tariff rates 17.4 9.1 7.4 7.6 14.5 13.0 14.2 40.8 6.7 6.9 8.3 8.0 17.8 12.6 11.1 23.8 
10 Nuisance applied rates (per cent 
of all tariff lines)e 1.0 2.0 2.7 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.8 2.1 18.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 
 
Table 5c 
Structure of MFN tariffs in selected developing countries 
(Per cent) 
  Malaysia Sri Lanka Papua New Guinea 
  MFN applied MFN applied MFN applied 
    1997 2005 2009 F.B. 
(2005)a 2001 2008 2010 F.B. 
(2010)a 1999f 2003 2008 F.B. 
(2008)a 
1 Bound tariff lines (per cent of all tariff lines) .. .. 80.6 80.6 .. .. 36.4 36.4 .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 
2 Simple average rate .. 8.1 7.4 15.6 9.2 11.9 11.5 32.7 20.4 6.3 5.1 32.8 
   WTO agricultural products .. 3.2 2.8 11.0 21.5 24.3 25.6 50.1 33.2 14.7 12.5 43.7 
   WTO non-agricultural products .. 8.7 7.9 16.5 7.2 10.0 9.2 21.0 18.4 5.0 3.9 31.0 
      Textiles and clothing .. 12.5 12.2 20.4 5.8 7.3 7.4 12.2 23.6 11.0 8.3 29.9 
   ISIC 1 - Agriculture, hunting and fishing .. 0.4 0.7 7.1 17.1 19.8 20.8 48.5 37.2 18.0 15.8 49.0 
   ISIC 2 - Mining .. 0.8 0.8 8.1 4.7 7.2 6.3 50.0 12.2 0.4 0.2 20.2 
   ISIC 3 - Manufacturing .. 9.6 8.7 16.2 8.7 11.4 10.9 29.2 19.6 5.8 4.5 32.1 
   First stage of processing .. 0.9 1.1 7.8 12.4 14.9 15.7 45.9 30.2 12.5 10.6 40.6 
   Semi-processed products .. 9.0 8.7 16.9 3.8 5.3 4.1 16.9 13.3 2.2 1.7 24.1 
   Fully processed products .. 10.4 9.1 16.3 11.4 14.8 14.5 32.5 22.3 7.4 5.9 36.2 
3 Duty free tariff lines (per cent of all tariff lines) .. 57.8 60.3 5.7 36.2 11.7 44.3 0.4 2.5 76.1 76.7 0.0 
4 Tariff quotas (per cent of all tariff lines) .. .. 0.2 .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .. .. .. .. 
5 Non- ad valorem  tariffs (per cent of all tariff lines) .. 0.7 0.8 4.7 0.6 3.4 3.9 1.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 
6 Non- ad valorem  tariffs with no AVEs (per cent of all tariff lines) .. 0.7 0.8 4.7 0.6 3.4 3.9 1.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 
7 Domestic tariff "peaks" (per cent of all tariff lines)c .. 13.9 11.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 1.4 22.8 14.4 0.6 
8 International tariff "peaks" (per cent of all tariff lines)d .. 23.4 22.2 45.2 20.8 23.2 23.9 69.3 30.2 22.8 14.4 72.1 
9 Overall standard deviation of tariff rates .. 12.6 11.5 0.8 12.8 13.5 14.7 20.2 19.1 12.2 10.1 18.1 
10 Nuisance applied rates (per cent of all tariff lines)e .. 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
.. Not available.  
F.B.  Final bound.  
a Indicate tariff schedule year on which bound rates are based on. 
b Fiscal year, valid from 1 April. c Domestic tariff peaks are defined as those exceeding three times the ov erall simple average applied rate. 
d Tariff peaks are defined as those exceeding 15%. 
e  Nuisance rates are those greater than zero, but less than or equal to 2%. 
f pre-1 July 1999. 
Note: All calculations exclude "in quota" rates.  Ad valorem e quivalents (AVEs) of non-ad valorem duties are used insofar as th ey are available.  Where 
AVEs are not available, the ad valorem tariff component is used for compound and alternate rates. 
Source : WTO Secretariat calculations, based on  data provided by the Members.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 25 
 
 
2. Trade remedy measures 
55. Contrary to what was predicted, and despite  the global economic downturn, 2009 ended with 
fewer initiations of anti-dumping  investigations compared to 2008.  Table 6 shows a continuing 
decline in the initiation of anti-dumping investigatio ns so far in 2010.  In the period January-October 
2010, initiations of anti-dumping investigations declined 34% compared  with the corresponding 
period in 2009.  Unless there is a dramatic change in circumstances in the course of the last two 
months of 2010, this year will end with a significant drop in the number of anti-dumping 
investigations initiated.   
56. Brazil and India have initiated more investig ations so far in 2010 compared with the 
corresponding period in 2009.  The number of initia tions by Brazil went from seven in January-
October 2009 to 24 in the corresponding period this ye ar.  India's initiations went from 23 to 32 in the 
same periods.  Both these Members increased their initiations in th e second half of 2010.  Brazil 
initiated five investigations in July, eight in August and six in Septem ber 2010.  India initiated 
15 investigations in August 2010 alone. 
57. In terms of the products targeted by anti-dum ping initiations, Chart 9 shows that in 2010 
metals have taken the lead, while the share of textiles and machinery dropped significantly.  The 
shares of chemicals and plastics remained more or less the same. 
Table 6 
Initiations of anti-dumping investigations 
(Number of new investigations) 
Reporting Member January - Oc tober 2009 January - October 2010 
Argentina 25 7 
Australia 5 7 
Brazil 7 24 
Canada 6 2 
Chile 0 1 
China 16 4 
Colombia 5 2 
Costa Rica 2 0 
Dominican Republic 0 1 
Ecuador 0 2 
Egypt 1 1 
European Union 11 13 
Honduras 0 3 
India 23 32 
Indonesia 7 3 
Israel 6 5 
Jamaica 0 1 
Korea 0 3 
Mexico 2 1 
Pakistan 26 0 
Panama 4 0 
Peru 3 0 
Philippines 1 0 
South Africa 3 0 
Chinese Taipei 0 1 
Thailand 1 2 
Turkey 6 1 
Ukraine 2 2 
United States 20 2 
Total 182 120 
Source : WTO Secretariat. WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 26  
 
 
Chart 9
Anti-dumping initiations of new investigations by products
Source:  WTO Secretariat estimates.Chemicals
24%a)    January - October 2009
b)    January - October 2010Plastics
13%
Textiles
10%Metals
23%Machinery
10%Others
20%
Chemicals
24%
Plastics
15%
Textiles
3%Metals
32%Machinery
5%Others
21%
 
  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 27 
 
 
58. Chart 10 shows that the number of anti-dumping measures imposed followed an up and down 
trend between 1999 and 2003 and fell significantly ther eafter.  The number of measures imposed fell 
from 224 in 2003 down to 137 in 2009.  The financia l crisis did not result in any increase in the 
number of anti-dumping measures.  To the contrary, the number of measures imposed registered a slight decreased from 2008 (139 measures) to 2009 (137 measures). 
139 137140 138237
190
170218224
154
108
050100150200250
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Chart 10
Anti-dumping measures imposed, 1999-2009
Number of measures
Source:  WTO Secretariat.
 
59. Chart 11 shows that between 1999-2009 India imposed the most anti-dumping measures, 
followed by the United States and the European Unio n.  The majority of measures were imposed by 
developing country Members during this period. 
60. In terms of targets of anti-dumping measures imposed between 1999-2009, Chart 12 shows 
that Asian countries topped the list, with China ta rgeted in 24% of all measures, the Republic of 
Korea 7%, Chinese Taipei 6%, Japan 5% a nd India, Indonesia and Thailand each 4%. 
 WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 28  
 
Chart 11
Anti-dumping measures imposed by main users, 1999-2009
Source:  WTO Secretariat.China
7%Turkey
7%Others
29%
Brazil
4%United States
11%India
20%
South Africa
5% Argentina
7%European Union
10%
 
Chart 12
Anti-dumping measures imposed by main targets, 1999-2009
Source:  WTO Secretariat.Korea, Rep. o f
7%
United States
5%Japan
5%China
24%
Indonesia
4%Others
37%
Taipei, Chinese
6%
Thailand
4% India
4%Russian Federation
4%
 
  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 29 
 
 
61. Contrary to anti-dumping investigati ons, initiations of countervailing duty  investigations had 
increased significantly from 2008 to 2009 (from 16 to 28).  However, that trend seems to have 
reversed in 2010.  Table 7 shows that, as of the end of October 2010, seven countervailing duty 
investigations were initiated, compared with 26 in the corresponding period in 2009.  This is a 
significant decline and there is currently no indicatio n that the situation could change until the end of 
2010.  Thus, 2010 likely will end with much fewe r countervailing duty investigations initiated 
compared with 2009.  Table 7 also shows that a si gnificant part of the decline in the initiations of 
countervailing duty investigations can be attributed to lower activity by the United States.  Initiations 
by the United States went down from 14 in January -October 2009 to two in January-October 2010.  
Also unlike anti-dumping initiations, the declin e in the initiations of countervailing duty 
investigations seems to have affected all users of  this instrument.  Every Member that initiated a 
countervailing duty investigation in  January-October 2009 has, in th e corresponding period in 2010, 
initiated fewer such investigations. 
Table 7 
Initiations of counterva iling duty investigations 
(Number of new investigations) 
Reporting Member January-October 2009 January-October 2010 
Australia 1 1 
Canada 1 0 
China 2 1 
European Union 5 3 
India 1 0 
Peru 2 0 
United States 14 2 
Total 26 7 
Source : WTO Secretariat. 
62. The number of countervailing measures imposed registered an increase of 50% from 1999 to 
2000.  As from 2000, however, a significant decline was registered in the number of countervailing 
measures.  Countervailing measures increased again significantly from 2007 (two measures) to 2008 
(11 measures).  As in the case of anti-dumping, however, the number of countervailing measures 
imposed decreased from 2008 to 2009 despite the economic downturn (Chart 13). 
63. Chart 14 shows that the period between 1999 and 2009 the United States was by far the most 
frequent user of countervailing measures, followed by  the European Union, Canada and South Africa. 
64. Chart 15 shows that the most frequent target of countervailing measures between 1999-2009 
was India, with 25% of all measures imposed agains t it, followed by China with 18%, the European 
Union plus its member states with 14%, and the Repu blic of Korea with 8% of all such measures. 
 WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 30  
 
11
9
3421
14 14 14
68
2
0510152025
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Chart 13
Countervailing measures imposed, 1999-2009
Number of measures
Source:  WTO Secretariat.
 
Chart 14
Countervailing measures impo sed by main users, 1999-2009
Source:  WTO Secretariat.United States
49% Canada
13%Others
12%
European Union
21%South Africa
5%
 
  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 31 
 
 
Chart 15
Countervailinging measures impo sed by main targets, 1999-2009
Source:  WTO Secretariat.Korea, 
Rep. of
8%China
18%India
25%
Indonesia
6%Others
25%
Italy
4%
Brazil
4% France
6%European Union
4%
 
65. The number of safeguard investigations initia ted by Members decreased in 2010 (Table 8).  
Initiations by India fell from 10 in 2009 to zer o in 2010, while Indonesia initiated seven new 
investigations this year. 
Table 8 
Initiations of safeguards investigations 
(Number of new investigations) 
Reporting Member January –October 2009 January –October 2010 
Chile  1 0 
Croatia  1 0 
Dominican Republic  2 2 
Ecuador  0 1 
European Union 0 1 
India  10 0 
Indonesia  0 7 
Israel  1 0 
Jordan  0 1 
Kyrgyz Republic 2 1 
Mexico  0 1 
Morocco  1 1 
Peru  1 0 
Turkey  1 0 
Ukraine  2 3 
Viet Nam  1 0 
Total 23 18 
Source : WTO Secretariat. WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 32  
 
66. After reaching the historical high in 2003 (15 measures imposed), the numbers of definitive 
safeguard measures imposed remain ed relatively stable, hovering around five to six measures per 
year.  Between 2008 and 2009, arguably due to the financial crisis, the figure jumped from six 
measures to 10 measures (Chart 16). 
610
7
67
591415
6
5
05101520
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Chart 16
Safeguard measures imposed, 1999-2009
Number of measures
Source:  WTO Secretariat.
 
67. As for the main users of the safeguard instrument, while 28 WTO Members imposed 
definitive safeguard measures betw een 1999 and 2009, six Members account  for nearly half of all the 
measures imposed – Turkey, India, Chile, Jordan, th e Philippines, the Czech Republic (Chart 17). 
  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 33 
 
 
Chart 17
Safeguard measures imposed by main users, 1999-2009
Source:  WTO Secretariat.Czech 
Rep.
6%Chile
8%Turkey
13%
Poland
4%Others
38%
Egypt
4%United States
4%India
9%
Jordan
7%
The Philippines
7%
 
3. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures 
68. Between November 2009 and Oct ober 2010, 990 regular SPS notif ications and 77 emergency 
notifications were circulated by Members.10  This compares with 599 regular notifications and 
80 emergency notifications in the previous twelve months.  The higher number of notifications signals 
either an increase in regulatory activity or an im proved implementation of the SPS Agreement.  The 
data show an increase in the proportion of notifie d SPS measures from developing country Members:  
around 69% of all notifications submitted since N ovember 2009 came from developing countries (the 
corresponding figure for the same period in 2008-2009 was 62%). 
69. Any Member can raise a specific trade concern at any of the three regular meetings of the SPS 
Committee each year.  In the th ree Committee meetings of March,  June and October 2010, 25 new 
trade concerns were raised.  In comparison, 16 new specific trade concerns were raised between 
November 2008 and October 2009.  These 25 ne w trade concerns were related to, inter alia , SPS 
notification practices, registration requirements for export companies;  various phytosanitary 
restrictions on plants and plant products, import restrictions on products derived from biotechnology, 
concerns regarding maximum residue levels for p esticides and for additives, as well as restrictions on 
meat products due to bovi ne spongiform encephalopathy or avian influenza disease risk factors.   
70. Apart from these new concerns, others raised previously that have continued to be discussed 
in the SPS Committee relate to measures that ex ceed the relevant international standards and 
unreasonable delays in making decisions on SPS measures. 
                                                      
10 The SPS Agreement provides several mechanisms to  monitor the imposition of trade restrictions.  
All WTO Members are obliged to provide in advance notifications of proposed new SPS requirements, except for measures taken in response to emergency situations for which notification is to be provided immediately 
upon taking the measure.  Other Members have the opportunity to comment on these notified measures, both 
directly to the notifying Member and/or by raising the issue at a regular meeting of the SPS Committee. WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 34  
 
4. Technical barriers to trade 
71. Under the TBT Agreement, Members are required to make a notification to the WTO if a 
proposed regulation may have a significant effect on trade of other Members.
11  Since the Agreement 
entered into force, over 12,500 notifications of new or changed regulations have been submitted by 
111 WTO Members. From November 2009 to September 2010, 1,329 notifications were circulated by 
the Secretariat, which is slightly  higher than the 1,271 notifications circulated from November 2008 to 
September 2009. 
72. The proportion of notifications by developing countries remained constant at around 80% in 
2009 and 2010 after having increased continuo usly over the previous years (Chart 18). 
20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010 (Sept)0200400600800100012001400Chart 18
Number of TBT notifications since 2000
Developed countries
Source:  WTO Secretariat.Developing countries Developed countries
 
73. Members also use the TBT Committee as a forum to  discuss trade concerns that arise between 
them and that relate to technical regulations, st andards or conformity assessment procedures.  These 
"specific trade concerns" normally refer to propo sed draft measures notified to the TBT Committee or 
to the implementation of existing regulations. Memb ers have underlined the value of the Committee's 
discussions on specific trade concerns; these discuss ions provide an opportunity for a multilateral 
review that enhances the transparency and predicta bility in the application of standards, technical 
regulations and conformity assessment procedures. 
                                                      
11 Two aspects of the TBT Committee's work are relevant to the surveillance and monitoring of 
regulatory measures that have an effect on international trade: Members' notifications of draft regulations, and 
the discussion of potential or actual trade effects of these measures in the Committee.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 35 
 
 
74. Since the TBT Agreement entered into force, 271 specific trade concerns have been discussed 
in the Committee.  The number of concerns rai sed and discussed in the TBT Committee has grown 
significantly over the last four years.  In 2009, this number reached 75 (Chart 19).  The significant increase in specific trade concerns raised in the l ast few years may be an indication of an increasingly 
active participation of Members in the work of th e Committee.  The most frequently invoked reason 
for raising a concern in the TBT Committee is the n eed for more information or clarification about the 
measure at issue.  Two examples illustrating concer ns that were discussed in the last TBT Committee 
meeting are:  (i) Canada's revised legislation on tobacco products containing certain flavourings and 
additives;  and (ii) Thailand's measure on health warnings for alcoholic beverages. 
20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010 (Sept)05101520253035404550Chart 19
Number of specific trade concerns raised per year, 2000-2010 (Sept)
Previous concerns New concerns
Source:  WTO Secretariat.
 
75. By and large, the regional distribution of Members maintaining measures subject to 
discussion in the Committee is spread evenly acros s the WTO membership, with the exceptions of 
Africa and Caribbean countries. Measures maintain ed by developing country Members have been 
most frequently raised for discussion (around 60% of the cases).  No measures maintained by LDCs 
have been raised.  
5. Measures affecting trade in services 
76. With few exceptions, WTO Members have mainta ined the general thrust of their services 
trade policies and levels of market openness.  So me Members, particularly in Asia, have even 
introduced significant changes to their policies, in order to allow broader presence of foreign suppliers WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 36  
 
in several service sectors at the same time.   Cases in point of this latter tr end in the period under 
review are India, Indonesia, and Korea.
12 
77. The new Consolidated FDI Policy enacted by  the Indian Government, effective from 
1 October 2010, removes the so-called restric tions on internal use for wholesale cash-and-carry 
distribution (i.e. the condition that wholesale sales made to group companies should be for internal 
use only); and also relaxes the norms for downstr eam investment by non-banking finance companies 
(NBFCs), thus allowing NBFCs with 100% forei gn investment and a minimum capitalisation of 
US$50 million to set up subsidiaries for specific NB FC activities, without bringing additional capital 
towards minimum capitalisation.  In addition,  th e Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has 
recommended raising FDI limits for a number of services within the broadcasting sector: from 49 to 
74% for broadcast carriage services as direct-to-home (DTH), IPTV, and Mobile TV; from 20 to 26% 
for FM radio broadcasting; and from 49 to 74% fo r cable networks multi-system operators (national 
or state level), provided they undertake an upgrad e to digitization and addressability.  On the other 
hand however, the FDI limit would be lowered from 49 to 26% for local cable operators.  The TRAI 
has also recommended that all foreign investment of 26% and above in the sector be subject to 
Government approval through the Foreign Investment  Promotion Board (FIPB) – foreign investment 
of less than 26% would be authorized automatically.13 
78. On 25 May 2010, the Government of Indonesia i ssued Presidential Regulation No. 36 of 2010 
concerning the List of Business Fields Closed a nd Business Fields Conditionally Open to Capital 
Investment (“PR No.36/2010”), known as the Investme nt Negative List.   The new regulation allows 
further foreign participation in several service sector s.  In construction services for large projects, the 
foreign ownership thresholds have been raised fro m 55 to 67%.  In education, foreign ownership in 
the formal education sector has been raised from 45 to 100%, subject to receipt of certain approvals; 
foreign participation in the non-formal education sect or (e.g. computer, beauty and language schools) 
will be raised from 45 to 49%.  Fo reign investment of up to 49% will be allowed in film-related 
businesses (studio filming, laboratory of film processing, dubbing facilities, printing and film 
reduplication), which were previously closed to foreign participation; as well as on postal services 
(mailing administration).14 Foreign ownership of up to 90% will be permitted in operation and 
maintenance services for geothermal power facilities,  and up to 95% in geothermal drilling businesses 
and in the generation of electricity from geothe rmal power. In the healthcare sector, foreign 
ownership of up to 67% will be allowed in relation to all hosp itals across Indonesia (previously, 
foreign investors were only allowed to own up to 65% of shares in hospitals in certain provinces 
only).  The regulation has also clarified that fore ign ownership of up to 49% will be permitted not 
only in sea and air transport services but also in la nd transport services. ASEAN investors may benefit 
from higher limits on foreign investment in certain  sectors, such as cargo handling (60%), vessel 
ownership (60%), motel and lodging services (51%  against 49% for all other investors), and 
recreation (100%). 
79. On 5 October 2010, the Korean Government announced that modifications had been 
introduced to the bill regarding FDIs in the countr y to make investment conditions more favourable 
for foreign firms.  Such modifications include  the designation of FDI zones in service sectors 
                                                      
12 Similar initiatives were taken in 2009 by Malays ia and Korea (WTO/TPR/OV/W/2, paras 68 to 70). 
13 Source: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, "Recommendations On Foreign Investment Limits 
for Broadcasting Sector", New Delhi: June 30, 2010. 
14 Indonesia had previously passed a new regulatory framework for postal-courier services in 2009.  
The New Law on Postal Services (2009) abolishes monopoly powers on certain postal services but also requires 
that postal service suppliers (including courier an d express delivery companies) be majority-owned by 
Indonesians.  It requires that collaboration between dom estic and foreign suppliers (with minority ownership) be 
limited to a province or capital with an international ai rport or harbour.  The New Law also requires private 
sector operators to contribute to the financing of the universal postal service and that non-universal service 
operators give priority to the delivery of items falling under the universal postal service, subject to compensation 
determined by the government.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 37 
 
 
concerning knowledge services, tourism, logistics, finance and education, as well as the offering of 
more incentives to such businesses. The minimum am ount of FDI subject to compulsory registration 
with the Government was raised from the current  W 50 million to W 100 million.  In the case of 
education services, the Korean Ministry of Edu cation, Science and Tech nology announced the 
relaxing of conditions for the establishment of fo reign education institutes in free economic zones 
(FEZs) and the Jeju International Free City.  The ne w rules will become effective at the end of the 
year. 
80. Telecommunications  has continued to be a dynamic sector  in most Members.  Rollout of new 
technologies and infrastructure continues, with gove rnments moving to issue new licences or revise 
existing licences and to award or re-allocate spectr um.  New mobile technologies are coming on line, 
and broadband services are continui ng to expand.  Through improveme nts in regulatory frameworks, 
governments have largely accommodated these devel opments, which are perceived as conducive to 
economic growth.  Technology-neutral licensing regi mes have been helpful so far where they have 
been implemented, but have not yet become widesp read.  Market-access restrictions are now fairly 
uncommon or are being relaxed in the vast majority of economies.  Canada, for example, lifted equity 
restrictions on foreign ownership of Canadian satellites used for telecommunications services in  
July15 and announced one month later that submi ssions were available on-line under its public 
consultations on possible policies on its re maining foreign equity restrictions.16  Viet Nam issued a 
draft decree allowing foreign investors to hold up to 30% of local telecom companies, instead of only 
by means of business cooperation contracts. Oman launched a second national fi xed-line operator and 
Botswana undertook consultations rega rding the privatization of its fixed-line incumbent. Viet Nam 
also licensed a new fixed-line operator, increasing to eight the total number of licences issued. 
Tanzania issued five new mobile licences, bringi ng to 12 the total number of mobile operators.  
Thailand initiated, though not without difficulties, th e long-awaited licensing of third-generation (3G) 
mobile phone spectrum, Cape Verde put out tenders for bids on three 3G licences, at least one of 
which would likely be awarded to a new entrant, and Pakistan is expected to auction off 3G licences 
by the end of 2010. 
81. With market access fairly open, a significant number of reforms have focused on regulatory 
frameworks.  Argentina, China, India, Turkey and Ghana, for example, have recently instituted 
number portability, a pro-competitive requirement already common in other markets.  Regulators 
remain vigilant over pricing and potential an ticompetitive practices, particularly where access 
concerns predominate as in the areas of inte rconnection, access to Internet backbone and call 
termination rates.  Sweden, for example, cons ulted on new proposals for cost-oriented mobile 
termination rates in April and Finland issued a decision on overpricing in the wholesale broadband 
access market in May.  In Rwanda and Uganda th e regulators announced that they were lowering 
interconnection rates to help spur growth, and in Romania the regulator lowered the cost of access by 
competitors to the local loop.  However, in Egypt,  a regulator's decision to lower mobile termination 
rates was overturned by a court ruling.  In Febr uary, the Colombian regulator announced that it had 
introduced both lower mobile interconnection char ges as well as number portability.  For its part, 
Bahrain made determinations of dominance with r espect to two mobile operators, a move which 
would allow it to regulate their termination charges.   In some cases, market developments, such as 
broadband network rollout, have s purred significant mergers and acquisitions (M&A), which have 
sometimes been examined by regulators to de termine the potential effects on the competitive 
landscape.  Security concerns have caused tensions in some countries such as India and Saudi Arabia 
                                                      
15 The changes to the foreign ownership restrictions on satellite services are included in the 2010 
Federal Budget omnibus legislation, passed by the Canadian Parliament on 12 July 2010. Section 2184 of Bill 
C-9 (Jobs and Economic Growth Act) amended the Te lecommunications Act to allow foreign ownership of 
satellites. 
16 In a report issued in June by Industry Canada, three possible options for reforming the telecoms 
industry are outlined. The report was available for public comment until 30 July 2010. Both the report and the 
comments received are available at http://www.i c.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst .nsf/eng/sf09919.html. WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 38  
 
as regards Blackberry mobile services, but appear to have been largely resolved.  Kenya, Ghana and 
Zimbabwe mandated registration of  pre-paid mobile phone subscrib ers, proposing to block accounts 
not registered by certain deadlines.  Most governme nt spectrum auctions supporting the rollout of new 
services and technologies run smoothly, although in ra re cases they have been subject to delays 
(e.g. South Africa) or complaints (e.g. Mexico). 
82. Targeted restrictions have been introd uced in the area of audiovisual services
 by Bangladesh 
and Indonesia.  Bangladesh decided in April 2010 to re-impose a ban on the screening of Indian 
movies, which had been lifted earlier the same mo nth.  A new law adopted in Indonesia in 2009 
established screen quotas permitting no more than 60% of  screen time for foreign films.  The law also 
includes prohibitions against the dubbing of foreig n films and prevents foreign-owned companies 
from distributing or exhibiting films. 
83. In the area of financial services , the period has been characterized by (i) the revamping of 
regulatory frameworks, notably in Europe and the United States, where broad amendments to their 
prudential regulatory and supervisor y frameworks have been introduced, but also in other Members 
through more targeted regulation;  (ii) liberali zation of market access policies in a few developing-
country Members;  (iii) targeted use of measures to prevent sudden capital inflows and outflows; and  
(iv) much less reliance on state support for troubled financial institutions.   
84. In the case of State support, 3 October 2010 (t he second anniversary of the US Emergency 
Economic Stabilization Act) marked the end of th e authority given to the US Treasury under the 
TARP to make new financial commitments. The most recent data show that the bulk of investments 
and commitments under TARP had occu rred in the last quarter of 2008 and, to a lesser extent, in 
2009.  Furthermore, as of 30 Se ptember, US$474.8 billion has been  committed under different TARP 
programmes, of which US$387.4 billion has been actually paid out, and US$204.4 billion already 
repaid to the US Treasury (Chart 20).17 
85. In the case of the EU, the effective use of State-guaranteed funding and recapitalization 
measures between October 2008 and end- March 2010 amounted to €1,235.2 billion.18  This is 
significantly less than one third of the total approved under EU State-aid rules and procedures 
(€4,131.1 billion).19  Reliance of financial institutions on State guarantees, which account for over 
three quarters of all crisis measures approved, is  declining (Chart 21). While state-guaranteed bonds 
issued in the first quarter of 2009 averaged 30% of banks' total funding, this compares with some 4% only in December 2009.  EU Member States like France, Italy and the UK have already decided not to prolong their guarantee schemes, while others, lik e the Netherlands, have tightened the pricing 
conditions of their schemes. Some guarantee schemes have never been used, like those introduced by 
Finland, Poland and Slovakia. 
 
 
                                                     
 
17 For further information, see the "TARP – Monthly 105(a) Report – September 2010", US Treasury,  
dated 12 October 2010.   
18 This is equivalent to US$1,604.4 billion at the exchange rate reported by the European Central Bank 
on 15 September 2010 (1.2989 euros per dollar).  Information has been drawn from the Spring 2010 Update of 
the State Aid Scoreboard (Report on recent developments on crisis aid to the financial sector), Report from the 
Commission, COM(2010)255 final, Brussels, 27 May 2010. Th e Scoreboard is published twice a year, with the 
next update forthcoming some-time in Autumn 2010 
19 The detail for these two types of support measures taken individually is the following, as of end-
March 2010.  Altogether, between October 2008 and end-March 2010, the Commission has approved crisis 
measures put forward by Member States for an overall maximum volume of €4,131.1 billion. Within that figure, approved recapitalisation measures am ounted to €503.1 billion (of which on ly €241.6 billion or 48% has been 
actually implemented), while approved guarantee umbrellas amounted to €3,149 .8 billion, of which only €993.6 
billion or 32% has been actually issued.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 39 
 
 
020406080100120140
Oct-08
Nov-08
Dec-08
1-19 Jan-09
20-31 Jan-09
Feb-09
Mar-09
Apr-09
May-09
Jun-09
Jul-09
Aug-09
Sep-09
Oct-09
Nov-09
Dec-09
Jan-10
Feb-10
Mar-10
Apr-10
May-10
Jun-10
Jul-10
Aug-10
Sep-10Chart 20
Amounts committed and paid out under TARP programmes, Oct 2008 - Sept 2010
(US$ billion)
Source:  US Treasury, "Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP) - Monthly 105(a) Report - September 2010".Amount committed to specific institutions each month
Amount paid out in each month
 
 
86. In the period under review, liberalization me asures have been introduced by Nepal and 
Thailand. Since 1 January 2010, Nepal has allowed foreign banks to engage in wholesale banking 
through branches offices throughout the country.  Nepal Rastra Bank has defined wholesale banking 
as deposits above Rs.100 million and lending above Rs  300 million.  Foreign banks willing to open a 
branch are required to bring in at least US$30 million (Rs 2.24 billion) to be eligible for a license and 
are required to invest at least another US$5 million (Rs 374 million) for each branch they want to set up in the country.  Foreign banks wishing to expand their presence in Nepal must be at least B-rated 
as per the evaluation of international ra ting agencies such as Moody's and Fitch. 
87. On 18 March 2010, the Bank of Th ailand  lifted the one-branch re striction for full branches of 
foreign banks.  Notification No. SorNorSor 1/2553  allows foreign banks operating a full branch to 
open two additional branches and expand their market  presence.  The new branch can be a general 
branch, an electronic branch (ATM), or a currency exchange counter.  Once approval is granted, the 
additional branch must be set up within two years. 
 
 
 WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 40  
 
020406080100120140160
Oct-08
Nov-08
Dec-08
Jan-09
Feb-09
Mar-09
Apr-09
May-09
Jun-09
Jul-09
Aug-09
Sep-09
Oct-09
Nov-09
Dec-09
Jan-10
Feb-10
Mar-10Chart 21
Guarantees schemes and recapitalizations for the financial sector approved by 
the EU Commission, October 2008 - March 2010
05001000150020002500
Oct-08
Nov-08
Dec-08
Jan-09
Feb-09
Mar-09
Apr-09
May-09
Jun-09
Jul-09
Aug-09
Sep-09
Oct-09
Nov-09
Dec-09
Jan-10
Feb-10
Mar-10
State Aid Scoreboard - Report on Recent Developments on Crisis Aid to the Financial Sector (Spring 2010 update), 
Report from the Commission, COM(2010)255final/2, Brussels, 4 June 2010.(Euro billion )Guarantees schemes and individual cases approved
Source:Recapitalization schemes and individual measures approved 
(Euro billion )
 
  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 41 
 
 
88. After delaying further liberalization by over one  year due to the global financial crisis, on 
11 August 2010 the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released a "Discussion Paper on Entry of New 
Banks in the Private Sector", seeking comments by financial institutions and the public at large until 
30 September 2010.20 The final outcome with regard to fore ign shareholding in new banks, one of the 
issues addressed by the discussion paper, is still uncertain. The paper has proposed that aggregate 
foreign investment in new banks be capped "at a suita ble level below 50% and locked at that level for 
the initial 10 years" which will be in contrast – as the paper acknowledges – to the present FDI policy 
which allows 74% foreign equity in private sector banking. 
89. Market access policies have generally been maintained, if not improved, by WTO Members.  
Emerging economies (particularly in Asia and Latin  America) are increasingly seeking to prevent 
speculative capital inflows from firing up their curre ncies, in a context of comparatively rapid 
economic growth and high levels of liquidity.  WTO Members having imposed – or reported to 
consider imposing – controls in recent months include Brazil, Chinese Taipei, India, Indonesia, 
Korea, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, and Thailand. 
90. Unlike episodes in the past, these are not broa d-based quantitative capital controls, but more 
targeted measures directly addressed at the operatio n of financial institutions, particularly foreign 
ones.21  For example, since July 2010, Korea has imposed new ceilings on domestic banks and 
branches of foreign banks dealing with foreign ex change (forex) forwards and derivatives.  For 
Korean banks, the limit on currency forward and derivative positions has been set at 50% of equity capital; while for foreign banks, the ceiling is 250% (a gainst the previous authorized level of around 
300%).   Ceilings have  been reduced on companies' currency de rivatives trades to 100% of underlying 
transactions from the previous 125%.  In addition, foreign currency loans have been restricted to 
firms' overseas use only (as an exception, only the sm all- and medium-sized enterprises are allowed to 
use foreign currency financing for domestic use, to th e extent that total foreign currency loans remain 
within the current levels). Finall y, regulations on foreign currency li quidity ratio of domestic banks 
have been tightened, and the Ko rean authorities have also recommended foreign banks operating in 
Korea to establish liquidity risk management me chanisms as they are a major source of foreign 
currency liquidity. 
91. Also since July 2010, Indonesia has enforced  new measures to tame short-term capital 
inflows, including on banks' net foreign exchange  open positions.   Since Ma rch 2010, banks in South 
Africa (both domestic and foreign-ow ned) have been allowed to acqui re direct and indirect foreign 
exposure of up to 25% of their total liabilities, ex cluding equity, covering a ll foreign exposure but 
excluding FDI (down from the previous limit of 40%). 
92. On 18 October 2010, Brazil's Government increa sed the IOF tax on foreign investment in 
fixed income from 4% to 6%, as well as the tax on margin deposits for currency operations from 
0.38% to 6%.  Both taxes affect foreign investors.   Two days later, on 20 October, the Government 
enacted new rules banning financial institutions, including banks and brokerages, from renting, 
lending or swapping assets to foreigners seeking to i nvest in the futures market.  BM&F Bovespa SA, 
the owner of Latin America's largest exchange, will block banks from issuing guarantee letters for 
foreign clients seeking to trade in the derivatives market. 
                                                     
 
20 In February 2005, the RBI had released the "roadmap for presence of foreign banks in India" laying 
out a two-track and gradualist liberalization approach. The roadmap had been divided into two phases, the first 
spanning the period March 2005-March 2009, and the second beginning after a review of the experience gained 
in the first phase. When the second phase began in April 2009, the Indian Government decided to delay implementation in light of the global financial turmoil. 
21 No judgment is being passed on the legality or GATS-compatibility of these measures – the 
intention, rather, is to signal a trend that may have  implications for trade in financial services.   WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 42  
 
93. Over the period under consideration, several Members have introduced measures affecting 
(sometimes favourably) the supply of services through the movement of natural persons
 (mode 4).   
94. In Canada, facilitated processing for IT specialists, which exempted seven types of IT 
occupations from requiring a labour market opini on (LMO), expired on 1 October 2010.  For IT 
workers who are not otherwise exempt, for exampl e due to an international agreement or intra-
corporate transferees, employers will require pos itive LMOs prior to hiring foreign workers. 
95. From 1 March 2010, employers in Costa Rica are required to pay foreign executives a salary 
at least 25% above the minimum salary for a similar position.  Business visitors will be able to obtain 
“Consular Visas” upon arrival in Costa Rica, rather than exclusively prior to entry. 
96. The Indian Government has issued guidelines fo r stricter enforcement of business and work 
visa requirements.  Indian diplomatic posts now accept employment visa applications only from 
nationals of the country where the post is located .  Other nationals are required to file their 
applications at the Indian diplomatic post in their co untry of citizenship.  Additionally, it is no longer 
possible to use a business visa to engage in "proj ect or contractual work" in India.  The new 
guidelines limit the issuance of business visas stric tly to business-related activities, which generally 
include attending business meetings, exploring opport unities for investment or establishing a business.  
For other activities, an employment visa is required.   
97. The new guidelines tighten the criteria for fo reigners wishing to perform project or 
contractual work to qualify for employment visas.  Applicants, be they intra-corporate transferees or 
directly hired employees, are required to hold a senior-level, skilled position with the sponsoring 
company.  Moreover, applications involving jobs  for which a large number or qualified Indian 
nationals are available will not be considered.  A minimum salary requirement is now imposed on 
nearly all employment visa applicants, whereas prev iously this applied only to certain employees in 
the information technology sector.  Indian authorities have also issued new guidelines that clarify that 
multiple entry business visas may be granted for a period of up to five years, and each stay may be restricted to six months.  US nationals may be issued business visas with a 10-year validity period.  
Previously, business visas were generally granted for a period of one year, except to nationals of 
certain countries. 
98. On 15 July 2009, the Japanese Government enact ed significant changes to its Immigration 
Control and Refugee Recognition Act.  The changes, wh ich will take effect over the next three years, 
include the implementation of a new Resident Card , generally valid for the duration of the foreign 
national's period of permitted stay (previously, the Ca rd was valid for one to five years, regardless of 
the permitted length of stay).  The new Resident Cards will be automatically issued upon landing to 
individuals granted a stay of more than three m onths, subject to exceptions.  Foreign nationals will 
therefore no longer need to register with their lo cal Municipal Office.  In addition, a new visa 
category will be introduced for trainees, to allo w them to enter Japan and engage in on-the-job 
training activities under an employment contract .  Currently, individuals undergoing on-the-job 
training use the non-work trainee visa status, and they can perform work activities only by changing 
visa status.   
99. New Zealand is introducing two new immigra tion categories.  The first will allow 300 
qualifying foreigners aged between 20 and 35 to apply for work with any employ er in the country for 
up to nine months;  the second is available to  another 300 young individu als who already have a 
permit and have received an offer of  skilled employment in New Zealand for at least 12 months, for a 
maximum duration of stay of 24 months. 
100. Panamanian immigration authorities have increased the maximum duration of stay for 
business visitors to 180 days;  nationals of countri es for which Panama requires an "Authorized Visa" 
will generally still be limited to maximum stays of 30 days.    WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 43 
 
 
101. The Swiss Federal Council has changed th e 2010 work permit quotas for non-EU/EFTA 
nationals on assignment in Switzerland for more th an 90 days.  The quota for B-permits, which are 
used for long-term assignments, is limited to 3,000 (reduced from 4,000 in 2009), the one for L-
permits, which are issued for a period up to one year (but are extendable up to 24 months) is 8,000 (up 
from 7,000 in 2009).   
102. Changes to the United Kingdom's Points Based System took effect on 6 April 2010.  The 
changes broaden the Tier 1 category for highly sk illed foreigners to allow individuals with a 
bachelor's degree to earn points (this was previous ly possible only for holders of graduate-level 
degrees), and reduce the initial duration of stay fro m three to two years, while providing for the 
possibility of a three-year extension.  Changes c oncern also the Tier 2 (Intra Company Transfers) 
category, as follows:  two new subcategories have be en created to allow for intra-company transfers 
of graduate trainees who have worked for the sen ding employer for at least three months, for a 
maximum period of one year, and of newly hired gra duates who move to learn or teach skills relevant 
to their new position, for a duration of stay of up to six months;  the pre-employment requirement for the "standard intra-corporate category" has been increased from six to twelve months. 
103. On 19 July 2010, the UK Government also in troduced a limit on the number of admitted 
foreign workers.  The limit will be  in effect until 1 April 2011, when  it will be replaced by a long-
term cap system that is currently being developed.  Under the interi m cap, 600 Tier 1 ('General' status, 
highly skilled, self-employed or non-sponsored foreign specialists) entries will be allowed per month, 
an increase over the 5,400 Tier 1 workers admitted in the course of 2009.  The number of new Tier 2 
("General" status, skilled, sponsored employees) app licants is also limited, reportedly to 95% of the 
number of Certificates of Sponsorship issued by employers between 19 July 2009 and 31 March 2010.  
Tier 2 (Intra Company Transfer) applications are not affected by the cap. 
104. The Vietnamese Immigration Department has re duced the maximum initial period of stay for 
business visa holders from six to three months.  If  business visitors seek to remain in the country 
beyond these new maximum periods, they must obtain a work permit. 
105. On 13 August, the Southwest Border Security Bill was signed into law in the United States.  
The legislation funds security upgrades along the US-Mexican border, using, inter alia , the revenue 
generated by a fee hike for H 1B (non-agricultural specialty worker) and L-1 (intra-company transfer) 
visas.  The increased visa fees a pply only to companies employing at least 50 employees and who 
have more than 50% of their workforce under visas st atus.  The higher fees will remain in effect until 
30 September 2014. 
106. On 1 July, a new work permit programme for highly skilled foreign workers entered into 
force in the Russian Federation.   Under the pr ogramme, highly qualified specialists working either 
for Russian entities or for branches of foreign firm s (but not representative offices) are exempt from 
work-permit quota restrictions and benefit from a str eamlined, faster procedure.  Work permits issued 
under the programme are valid for three years. 
B. T
RADE POLICY REVIEWS IN 2010 
107. Nineteen Trade Policy Reviews have been conducted in 2010. 
108. Four Members in the Americas  were reviewed in 2010, namely  Belize, El Salvador, Honduras 
and the United States.  During their separate review s, El Salvador and Honduras were commended for 
their economic performance although both had been a ffected by the global financial crisis.  The two 
countries were encouraged to continue their liberaliz ation and structural reform efforts, including in 
order to help alleviate poverty.  Both countries continue to be engaged in preferential trade 
agreements, in particular under the Central American integration process. WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 44  
 
109. El Salvador and Honduras were encouraged to reduce bound tariff rates, with Honduras 
indicating that it would correct the tariff lines for which bound rates exceeded applied tariffs.  
Honduras was queried about its WTO notifications and restrictions to foreign investment, and 
El Salvador about its internal taxes on imported alc oholic beverages.  The areas of main interest to 
other WTO Members about the two countries' trade policies were aspects related to their import, 
competition policy and government-procurement regi mes as well as the protection of intellectual 
property rights.  Free zones and export-incentive pr ogrammes were another focus of discussion, as 
were the measures in place to support the agricu ltural sector.  El Salvador was commended for the 
opening of its services sector, Honduras was encouraged  to do likewise, and both were encouraged to 
expand their GATS commitments. 
110. The Review of the United States, the tenth ca rried out so far, was dominated by discussions 
on the global financial crisis and the subsequent ec onomic recession, and the U.S. actions during this 
period.  Those actions had made an important contribution to global ec onomic recovery, although 
some of them were felt to have favoured domest ic suppliers of goods and services.  The discussions 
also touched on measures applied in the agricultura l and maritime sectors, on foreign ownership, visa 
requirements, as well as the potential impact of th e support provided to the U.S. financial services 
sector.  The United States was acknowledged as one of the most transparent and open economies in 
the world.  However, attention was drawn to tari ff peaks and the impact of U.S. anti-dumping and 
countervailing measures.  References were also made to the balance between national security 
considerations and trade facilitati on, and questions asked about the potential impact of the draft 
Foreign Manufacturers Legal Accountability Act. 
111. The United States' contributions to development assistance and its trade preference 
programmes to support developing countries were welcomed.  Against the background of its 
extensive participation in WTO dispute-settlement proceedings, concerns were expressed that the 
United States was yet to implement fully certain ruli ngs.  The United States was urged to continue to 
play its historical leadership role in foster ing a strong multilateral trading system, including by 
helping to bring the Doha Round to a successful conclusion. 
112. In the Asia-Pacific region
 Malaysia, China, Chinese Taipei, Sri Lanka, Papua New Guinea 
and Hong Kong, China were reviewed in 2010.  Judging from these TPRs, Members in the Asia-Pacific region have, by and large, refrained from a dopting trade restrictive measures in response to the 
global crisis (apart from financial assistance to certain sectors arguably worst affected by the crisis).  Although reforms appear to be proceeding somewhat mo re slowly (or even possibly stalling) in some 
Members, except as regards the negotiation of new bilateral and regional trade agreements, some 
other Members continue to liberalize their trade a nd FDI regimes unilaterally as well as bilaterally and 
regionally.  Indeed, in Malaysia, for example, the cr isis has provided a catalyst for such liberalization, 
which is increasingly aimed at removing barriers to the development of the services sector.   
113. Asia is leading the global recovery from the crisis.  This recovery is also undoubtedly 
explained partly by fiscal and other policies, especi ally those implemented by China, whose growth 
rate rebounded in 2010 to almost 10%.  The crisis itself and the fiscal measure s taken to mitigate its 
effects have reduced global macroeconomic imba lances.  China's strong fiscal stimulus and bank 
lending, in particular, have increased domestic dema nd, especially investment in infrastructure, thus 
narrowing the gap between saving and investment.  As a consequence, current-account surpluses have 
continued to fall during the past year or so.  For example, China's current-account surplus has dropped 
from 6.1% of GDP in 2009 to around 5% in the first half of 2010. 
114. The sharp drop in exports due to the global cr isis, seems to have prompted those Members 
(such as Malaysia, China and Chinese Taipei), whose growth has been driven to a great extent by 
exports, especially of manufactured goods, to re-eva luate their economic development strategies.    WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 45 
 
 
115. Although some Members have raised a few of thei r applied MFN tariffs since the crisis broke, 
such increases have been rare (even where ther e are significant gaps between bound and applied MFN 
rates).  The overall trend is nonetheless downwards .  Some smaller Members (e.g. PNG and the 
Maldives) have successfully reduced, or envisage taki ng steps to reduce, their reliance on tariffs as a 
source of tax revenue by replacing them with in ternal taxes, without loss of tax revenues. 
116. Export restraints are an important feature of the trade regimes in so me Members in this 
region.  For example, China does not provide full rebates of VAT on exports, imposes export taxes on 
certain products, and uses export quotas.  China is a major exporter of some of these products, as in 
the case of raw materials and rare earth minerals.  However, overall use of these restraints in the 
region does not appear to have increased during the p ast year; in China, for example, some additional 
restraints have been introduced, but ot hers have been reduced or eliminated. 
117. As a result of the global economic crisis, there has been a  rise in financial assistance and 
other forms of government support to inter alia , banks (Japan), airlines (China and Japan), 
automobiles (Japan and Malaysia), electronics (Jap an) and computer chip manufacturers (Japan).  
China has also been providing subsidies to rural hou seholds to purchase electrical products and some 
cars.  More broadly, however, there also appears to have been a revival of industrial policy in some 
developed economies.    
118. As regards, other trade-related measures, Chin ese Taipei joined the Government Procurement 
Agreement (GPA) in July 2009.  In China, which is  currently negotiating its accession to the GPA, the 
fiscal stimulus package is subject to  "Buy China" provisions that exis ted before the onset of the crisis 
and the introduction of the package, although in practice procurement from foreign suppliers occurs 
frequently. 
119. Three European  countries were reviewed in 2010 for th e first time: Albania, Armenia, and 
Croatia.   As a result of their accession to the WTO and with a view to aligning their trade regimes on the EU's, Albania, Armenia and Croatia have signi ficantly liberalized their economies, including their 
trade regimes.  The bindings of their entire na tional tariffs and their extensive GATS commitments 
have enhanced the predictability of their trade regi mes.  However, Croatia, whose tariff still comprises 
ad valorem  and non- ad valorem  rates, was urged to further simplify its tariff structure;  concerns were 
expressed about its TBT and agricultural regi mes (including its SPS system).     
120. The global crisis has significantly affected Armenia and Croatia, and to a lesser extent 
Albania.  Members encouraged Albania and Armeni a to diversify their economies with a view to 
addressing their narrow export base and dependen ce on remittances from abroad, and Croatia to 
further strengthen its external position (large ex ternal current-account defi cit and large stock of 
external debt).  The three countries were enc ouraged to accede to the Agreement on Government 
Procurement, and to further liberalize their trade and investment regimes (including through trade-
facilitation measures) with a view to improving co mpetitiveness and strengthening the resilience of 
their economies to external shocks. 
121. Six LDC African
 countries were reviewed in 2010:  Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali (jointly);  
The Gambia;  Malawi;  and the Democratic Re public of the Congo (DRC).  These countries have 
continued to pursue economic reforms, including trade liberalization, albeit at a slower pace, and have 
experienced positive but moderate economic growth;  none of them has departed from its open policy 
stance in response to the global crisis.  Their pe rformance has been constrained mainly by their 
relatively modest foreign direct investment infl ows, essentially in gold mining in Burkina Faso and 
Mali, and in uranium in Malawi.  The current bus iness environment is not yet conducive to private 
investment, despite reform efforts.   WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 46  
 
122. A key challenge for further trade liberaliza tion by these countries remains finding a secure 
and stable source to finance their budgets other than international trade taxes and official development 
assistance.  Steps taken by The Gambia to meet th is challenge were welcomed by the TPRB.     
123. Trading costs are generally high in al most all these African countries because of, inter alia , 
physical inspections carried by various institutions  at the border, with samples collected by each of 
them, mainly in the case of agricultural imports;  co mpulsory use of customs agents and pre-shipment 
inspection requirements;  lengthy transit procedur es, even within regional groupings;  and lack of 
infrastructure and of competition in the provision of  transport services (including in regional road 
hauling).  These countries would greatly benefit from a comprehensive trade-facilitation programme 
that would contribute to reducing transaction co sts.  Regional projects to modernize customs 
procedures and infrastructure would also help. 
124. DRC was urged to significantly simplify its international trade taxation system which 
comprises 117 different duties and taxes on both imports and exports;  the elimination of some of the 
duties and taxes would contribute to simplifying trade procedures.   
125. Membership in overlapping preferential agreem ents, with different objectives and paces of 
liberalization, complicates the trade regimes of these African countries and stretches their already 
limited resources.  Awareness of this h as led to harmonization initiatives between, inter alia , the East 
African Community (EAC), the Common Market fo r Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), and 
the Southern African Development Community (SADC)
22;  and between the West African Economic 
and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).23   
126. For ECOWAS and WAEMU, the harmonization pro cess has led to the adoption of the latter's 
common external tariff (CET) by all ECOWAS countries, and to the agreement on a 35% tariff band 
(in addition to the four bands of the WAEMU CET, i.e. zero, 5%, 10%, and 20%) on products still to 
be specified.  The TPRB expressed concerns about the 35% band which, if applied, would further 
aggravate the non-compliance by WAEMU countries with their tariff-binding commitments, the 
applied rates being already higher than the bound le vels on several tariff lines.  ECOWAS members 
are considering the collective renegotiation of their tariff commitments under GATT Article XXVIII.  
The absence of a single entry system has resulted in  double taxation of imported products crossing 
internal borders within both WAEMU and ECOWAS , despite the provisions for free circulation of 
goods.   
C. REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS  
127. Regional trade agreements (RTAs) continue to be an important and growing feature of the 
international trading system.  In total, 375 RTAs have been notified to the GATT/WTO, of which 197 
are currently in force.24  While the majority of these agreemen ts cover trade in goods only, more 
recent RTAs tend increasingly to cover trade in both goods and services .  There has been an upward 
trend in RTA notifications since the early 1990s.  That trend has increased since 2006.   
                                                      
22 The DRC and Malawi are members of SADC and COMESA. 
23 Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali are members of  WAEMU, whose members all participate in 
ECOWAS of which The Gambia is a member. 
24 These correspond to 288 notifications of RTAs in force;  of these 174 were notified under GATT 
Article XXIV, 83 under GATS Article V and 31 under th e 1979 Decision of the GATT Council on Differential 
and More Favourable Treatment (Enabling Clause).  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 47 
 
 
Table 9 
Regional Trade Agreements notified to the WTO since 2000 
 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010* 
By date of 
notification 8 12 10 11 16 11 16 13 28 23 16 
By date of entry into 
force 10 11 12 11 12 16 15 11 16 18 9 
* As at 1 November 2010. 
Note: As the goods and services parts of an agreement do not always  enter into force in the same year and therefore are not nec essarily 
notified together, there may be some overlap in the figures reported in the Table. 
Source : WTO RTA database. 
128. From October 2009 to October 2010, 31 RTA not ifications (counting goods and services 
separately) of 23 new RTAs (counting goods and servi ces together) were made.  The majority of these 
agreements (22 out of 23) are free-trade agreements , which confirms the overa ll trend towards more 
bilateral or plurilateral RTAs rather than customs uni ons.  In addition, the Secretariat received "early 
announcements" of 10 agreements that are currently be ing negotiated or that have been signed but are 
not yet in force or in one case (the Agreement betw een ASEAN, Australia and New Zealand) that has 
since entered into force and been notified to the WTO.25  The Secretariat estimates that about 
100 further agreements are in the process of being negotiated. 
129. The majority of RTAs notified over this period involved one or more partners in the Asian 
region.  Other active regions were  Europe and Latin America (incl uding Central and South America).  
During the period covered, ASEAN as a group notifie d four RTAs (with Japan, Australia and New 
Zealand, Korea and India).  The European Union also continued deepening its relations with the 
Western Balkans, notifying its completed agreem ents (in goods and services) with the Former 
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM),  Croatia, Albania and Montenegro. 
130. The Transparency Mechanism for RTAs, estab lished on a provisional basis by the General 
Council on 14 December 2006, represents an impo rtant step forward in better understanding the 
liberalization being pursued on a preferential b asis by Members.  Between October 2009 and 
September 2010, 14 RTAs were discussed on the basi s of factual presentations (FPs) prepared by the 
Secretariat, of which 13 were considered by  the CRTA and one by the Committee on Trade and 
Development.  This represents a considerable decrease compared with the same period of the 
preceding year when a total of 24 RTAs (21 in th e CRTA and three in the CTD) were considered.  
The decrease is due in part to delays in the r eceipt of data and/or comments on draft factual 
presentations by the parties to RTAs, which are at  present holding up the consideration of 15 RTAs 
among WTO Members and of 16 RTAs involving non-WTO Members.26  There are particular 
difficulties in obtaining data from non-WTO Members.  The slippage in the CRTA's work programme 
risks derailing efforts made to increase the transp arency of RTAs.  Seventy RTAs are still to be 
considered in the CRTA or CTD. 
131. The WTO Database on RTAs, which was created  under the Transparency  Mechanism, went 
online and became publicly accessible in January 2009.   It provides information on all RTAs notified 
to the WTO and the GATT, including texts of agr eements and details of WTO meetings held to 
                                                      
25 The agreements that have been signed are:   EFTA-Serbia, EFTA-A lbania, EFTA-GCC, EFTA-
Ukraine, EFTA-Peru and US-Colombia;  agreements und er negotiation are:  EFTA-Hong Kong, China;  EU-
Canada;  and India-SACU.   
26 The parties to an RTA are given four weeks to provide joint comments on a factual presentation. WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 48  
 
review them.  In the case of agreements for wh ich factual presentations have been prepared, the 
database also contains the trade and tariff inform ation provided by the parties to the agreement.
27   
132. With regard to the 14 Factual Presentations ci rculated by the Secretariat between October 
2009 and October 2010, Chart 22 shows that around a quarter involved immediate implementation 
and a further 30% involved implementation within 10 years of the Agreement entering into force.28  
Of those involving implementation periods of over 10 y ears, around half are to be implemented within 
15 years of the Agreement entering into force.  The implementation period of 10 years was exceeded 
mainly in agriculture (almost 70% of the lines c oncerned were in HS Chapters 1-24), and some non-
agricultural chapters (principally textil es and clothing, chemicals and starches). 
133. Chart 23 shows overall market access in goods  as measured by the share of tariff lines 
liberalized and the share of intra-RTA imports covered by these lines at the end of implementation of 
the Agreement.  Chart 24 shows liberalizati on by share of tariff line on agricultural and non-
agricultural tariff lines.  While overa ll market access in terms of liberalization of tariffs and intra-RTA 
imports is between 75% and 100%, there is considerab le variation when looking at different sectors, 
especially agriculture.  Between 80% and 100% of non-ag ricultural tariffs are to be eliminated by the 
agreements considered in the reference period, but the range for agriculture is between 24% and 
100%.   
134. Most agreements for which Factual Presentati ons were circulated between October 2009 and 
October 2010 include commitments in services and investment.  Although harder to quantify than 
commitments on trade in goods, in several cases RTAs appear to offe r services commitments in more 
sectors than under the GATS and, in some cases, deeper commitments among preferential trading 
partners.  The additional commitments in several  cases bind existing levels of openness rather than 
offering better market access for the preferential partners.  Commitments in investment include 
increases in foreign investment threshold limits.  Wi th regard to rules on services (such as subsidies 
and safeguards) and domestic regulations, RTAs  in general tend not to provide additional 
commitments to those already made and bound at the multilateral level. 
 
                                                      
27 The data provided include the preferential tariffs to be applied between the parties throughout the 
period of implementation of the agreement as well as data on global imports by the parties and imports between the parties for a period of 3 years befo re the agreement's entry into force. 
28 This compares to 38% implemented immediately and another 36% implemented within 10 years 
after entry into force for the agreements considered between October 2008 and October 2009.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 49 
 
 
Chart 22
Transition period in RTAs
(RTAs considered between October 2009 - October 2010)
Source:  WTO RTA database.11 years  2.8%
Immediate 
implementation
25.0%10 years
5.6%
4 years
5.6%9 years
2.8%
Above 10 
years
44.4%7 years
8.3%8 years
8.3%
12 years  2.8%
15 years  16.7%
16 years  11.1%
17 years  8.3%
18 years  2.8%
Note: Excludes agreements under the Enabling Clause.
 
 
Chart 23
Overall liberalization, by share of imports and share of tariff lines (October 2009 to October 2010)
020406080100120
40 60 80 100 120
Source :  WTO RTA database.Note:  Excludes agreements under the Enabling Clause.% of intra-RTA tariffs eliminated% of intra-RTA imports liberalized
 WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 50  
 
020406080100120Chart 24
Sectoral liberalization, by share of tari ff lines (agricultu re and non-agriculture)
October 2009 to October 2010
Source:  WTO RTA database.% tariffs eliminated
Note:     Excludes agreements under the Enabling Clause.Agricultural products aNon-agricultural productsIndividual RTA Partners
a            WTO definition.
 
D. GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT  
135. The Director-General's 2009 Annual Report commented on how the experience of the 
economic crisis had shown clearly the importa nce of the disciplines on non-discrimination, 
transparency and procedural fairness that ar e contained in the WTO Agreement on Government 
Procurement (GPA).  The greater scrutiny given to those disciplines during the crisis also highlighted 
their limitations, in terms of both the membership of the Agreement and the coverage of the existing 
Parties' procurements.  In 2010 there has been si gnificant progress toward broadening the membership 
of the Agreement and concluding the renegotiation of the Parties' coverage commitments, which 
determine the set of each participating WTO Member's  procurements that are subject to the rules and 
disciplines of the Agreement.  Conclusion of the cove rage negotiations will, in turn, make possible the 
eventual bringing into force of the revised text of the Agreement that was provisionally agreed in 
December 2006.29   
136. Currently, forty-one WTO Members are covered by the Agreement:  Canada; the European 
Union, with its 27 member States; Hong Kong, China; Iceland; Israel; Japan; Korea; Liechtenstein; the Kingdom of the Netherlands with respect to  Aruba; Norway; Singapore; Switzerland; Chinese 
Taipei and the United States.  Nine other WTO Memb ers (Albania, Armenia, China, Georgia, Jordan, 
the Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Oman and Panama) have applied for accession to the Agreement and 
submitted relevant documenta tion.  In addition, a further five Members (Croatia, the Former Yugoslav 
                                                     
 
29 GPA/W/297 of 11 December 2006.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 51 
 
 
Republic of Macedonia, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia and th e Ukraine) have provisions in their respective 
WTO Accession Protocols which call for them to seek GPA accession. 
137. Of those WTO Members currently negotiati ng accession to the GPA, Armenia, China and 
Jordan have been the subject of focused wo rk and progress in the Committee on Government 
Procurement during the past year.  Work on the accession of Armenia is well advanced, and is 
expected to be substantially completed by the end of 2010.  Work on the accession of Jordan is also at 
an advanced stage.  Work on th e accession of China is proceeding ac tively, with the full engagement 
of both China and the existing Parties.  In Ju ly, China submitted to the Committee on Government 
Procurement an "enriched" accession offer that gene rated the appreciation of the Parties; a further 
revised offer is expected in 2011.  While further wo rk will clearly be needed to bring this process to 
fruition, China's eventual GPA accession will represen t a very significant extension in the reach of 
WTO disciplines and in the value of procurement covered by the Agreement. 
138. In another important development, in February of this year India became an observer to the 
GPA.  It subsequently launched a process of intern al reflection on the potential benefits.  The eventual 
accession to the GPA of Armenia, China and Jordan a nd the fact that India is also looking at the 
possibility of accession imply that, in the near future, the GPA will no longer be a "developed 
countries' club". 
139. Concerning the renegotiation of the coverage commitm ents of the existing Parties, an effort is 
under way to conclude the negotiations by the end of 2010 or early in 2011.  A process for conclusion 
of the negotiations has been set out in a "Roadmap " developed by the Chairman of the Committee on 
Government Procurement.  The Roadmap, which has been endorsed by all Parties to the Agreement, 
aims to ensure early conclusion of the negotiations  and to bring into force of the revised GPA by 
providing for parallel consideration of the coverage issues themselves, outstanding issues concerning 
the revised GPA text, the future work programme  of the Committee and the process for bringing the 
revised Agreement into effect.  The prospects for concluding the negotiations have also been 
enhanced by new offers that have been tabled in the past year by Canada, Israel, Japan, Liechtenstein 
and the United States.  The revised offer of Cana da includes, for the first time, coverage of 
procurements by Canada's sub- central (provincial and territorial) government entities – itself a 
significant expansion of the market access opportunities provided by the Agreement. 
140. An important spill over benefit from conclusion of  the GPA coverage negotiations will be to 
make possible the coming into force of the revi sed text of the Agreement that was provisionally 
agreed in December 2006.  The revised text preser ves the main principles of the existing GPA but 
improves upon the existing text in a number of significant ways, including through the provision of 
new flexibilities where electronic procurement tools are used and the introduction of more concrete 
and specific forms of special and differential tr eatment ("transitional measures") for developing 
countries that join the Agreement.  As such, it is expected to facilitate th e GPA accessions of China 
and the other WTO Members referred to above, and pot entially generate broader interest in accession 
to the Agreement. 
141. Government procurement seems destined to be at the centre of WTO activity for at least the 
next decade.  This reflects not only the signifi cance of such procurement as an underpinning of 
economic activity in the aftermath of the economic crisis, but also the growing needs of emerging 
economies with respect to public in frastructure investment.  Fair competition in procurement markets 
can go a long way to ensure best value for mone y for governments and their citizens.  Public 
procurement is also an important locus for e fforts to promote good governance, as an essential 
ingredient of sustainable development.  The GPA ha s an important contribution to make with respect 
to both these aspects.  The progress ach ieved in this area over the past year is, therefore, an important 
element of the Organization's overall contributi on to trade and development, and one that is 
increasingly recognized by policymakers. WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 52  
 
IV. AID FOR TRADE 
142. Since the Second Global Review of Aid for Trad e held in July 2009, significant progress has 
been made in the implementation of the Aid -for-Trade (AfT) initiative.  Cooperation of all 
stakeholders (partner countries, donors, regional development banks, regional economic communities 
and international organizations) is ensuring that developing countries' AfT needs and priorities are 
being identified and that progress is being made in further integrating trade into national and regional 
development strategies. 
143. An Aid-for-Trade Work Programme for 2010-201 1 has been developed which focuses around 
five main areas:  resource mobilization;  mainstre aming;  implementation (with a particular focus on 
the regional dimension);  monitoring and evaluation;  and engaging the private sector.  The aim of the 
Work Programme, which is complemented by a ro admap setting out activities for its implementation, 
is to maintain the momentum generated in th e AfT initiative since the Hong Kong Ministerial 
Conference in 2005.  It sets out the groundwork in preparation for the Third Global Review of Aid for Trade, to be held in July 2011, where focus w ill be on the monitoring and evaluation of AfT and 
reporting on outcomes and impacts.  Activities to support the implementation of the AfT Work 
Programme have been held in Afri ca and Asia and have in cluded regions not previ ously profiled (e.g., 
West and Central Africa, and Central Asia).
30    
144. The WTO and the OECD are continuing to co llaborate on all aspects of the monitoring and 
evaluation pillar of the AfT agenda.  A self-assessment questionnaire and a call for case stories have been launched as part of the preparations for the Third Global Review.  The call for case stories is a 
new element of the AfT monitoring and evaluati on framework and is intended to facilitate the 
building of a body of evidence-based knowledge on what is and what is not working.  An analysis of 
the responses to the self-assessmen t questionnaire and case stories will form an integral part of the 
next joint OECD-WTO "Aid for Trade at a Glance"  publication which will be prepared for the Third 
Global Review.  Training events are being organized  in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, 
and the Pacific to assist developing countries in th eir preparation of the self assessment questionnaires 
and to support them as they prepare thei r case stories for the Third Global Review. 
145. Mobilization of resources for AfT has continue d to be successful.   In 2006 and 2007, AfT 
grew by 10% in real terms.  In 2008, AfT co mmitments had reached US$41.7 billion, a 35% increase 
in real terms from 2007, and a 62% increase from the 2002-2005 baseline.  AfT now accounts for 
37% of sector allocable Official Development Assistance (ODA).   
V. TRADE FINANCING 
146. Last year's report highlighted the sharp contr action experienced in 2009 with respect to the 
availability of trade finance in global markets.  In the first half of the year, severe shortages of trade 
finance facilities had been experienced internationa lly, leading G20 Leaders to agree at the London 
Summit to mobilize US$250 billion in  additional short-term trade fi nance and guarantees to support 
trade during this period.  In the fall of 2009, it was felt that the outlook for global trade finance had 
improved, in part due to improveme nts in overall financial markets a nd partly due to a recovery of 
trade.  The support provided under the G20 package ha d also contributed to the general restoration of 
confidence, as large traders had been able to mob ilize their export credit agencies and risk-sharing 
mechanisms enhanced by internati onal financial institutions.  Noting that there were concerns that the 
full impact of the package had not been felt by smaller exporters from Central America, Africa, 
Eastern Europe, and generally in low-income countries,  the Director-General ha d asked to ensure that 
the G20 package be focused on the end-users that  needed it the most and committed to keep the 
situation under close watch.   
                                                     
 
30 See WT/COMTD/AFT/W/16/Add.2.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 53 
 
 
147. The market situation observed in the course of 2010 confirmed the outlook made at the end of 
2009.  Thanks to the global recovery of trade fl ows and finance, the trade finance environment has 
been improving continuously during the year, w ith falling prices and fast growing volumes of 
transactions.  However, recovery remained some what uneven across countries. The recovery in 
market conditions was mainly driven by the main tr ading routes, e.g. within North America, Europe, 
Asia, and between Asia and the rest of the World.  In these areas, spreads had returned almost to pre-
crisis levels, with a difference be tween traditional trade finance instruments (letters of credit), for 
which prices fell to very low levels on the "best " Asian risks, and so-called funded trade finance 
products (on-balance sheet, open-account transactions ) for which higher prices reflected relatively a 
normal re-pricing of risk and liquidity. 
148. On the other hand, traders at the "periphery",  particularly low-income countries, remained 
subject to greater difficulties in accessing trade fi nance at affordable cost, particularly in import 
finance.  Similar difficulties seeme d to apply to small and medium  sized enterprises in developed 
countries, which relied on small or medium-sized ba nks.  This situation is explained by a banking 
environment in which capital had become scarcer a nd the selectivity of risks greater. In addition, new 
regulatory requirements aimed at securing financial transactions, including more stringent information 
to be provided on counterparty banks and traders in  poorly (or non-) rated countries, were increasing 
the cost of doing business in these areas altogether, deterring banks and investors.  As a result, the "lower end" of the trade finance market relied increasingly upon development bank risk mitigation 
instruments. 
149. At the WTO Expert Group on Trade Finance meeting of 22 October 2010, the Asian 
Development Bank gave details a bout its focused support to counterparties in countries such as 
Pakistan, Bangladesh, Viet Nam, and Mongolia.  The same applied to  Latin America, where smaller 
central American countries were also receiving supp ort, as well as in Central and Eastern Europe and 
in Africa.  In the later continent, international ba nks were clearly pulling out of the continent, despite 
the African Development Bank's US$1 billion commitment to support trade finance.  There is a clear 
risk that in a retrenching global banking envi ronment, a substantial number of countries be 
increasingly left out of mainstream trade finance markets and can not benefit fully from the recovery of global trade as a result of lack of private finan ce.  The WTO and other sister agencies will continue 
to draw attention to this problem. A reflection at  the multilateral level, including within the WTO 
Membership, was needed to find the most a ppropriate ways to address such obstacles. 
VI. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT MEASURES 
150. Governments continue to provide economic and financial support measures, mainly to help 
specific sectors heavily affected by the global crisis .   Factual information on the country-specific 
measures implemented between November 2009 a nd mid-October 2010 is given in Annex 2.  
Government support measures remained broadly the same as in the previous period reviewed, and 
lower than during the period immediately following the outbreak of the global financial crisis (87 
verified government support measures  were reported for this period compared with 126 in the last 
period).  A large number of the cases reported invo lve the prolongation of existing measures (mostly 
related to state aid programmes) rather than new actions.  State aid granted by EU Member States represents the majority of the reported measures.
31 
151. Support programmes during this period took mainly the form of additional state aid measures, 
export support (export credit insurance and guarant ees) and temporary direct grants to certain 
companies.  Government support mainly benefited the agriculture sector, but some aid programmes 
                                                      
31 This may be because it is more difficult to obtain country-specific information on this type of 
measures (than for traditional trade and trade-related meas ures) for other countries, and that the information on 
approvals of EU state aid is  readily available online. WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 54  
 
were also available to other sect ors such as transport, aluminium production, chemicals, shipbuilding, 
and cars.  Most stimulus packages incl ude specific measures in favour of SMEs. 
152. As noted above, it has been agreed that the Trade Policy Review Body will hold a Special 
Session in the spring of 2011 to examin e the trade effects of these measures. 
VII. TRANSPARENCY AND NOTIFICATIONS 
153. This report to the Trade Policy Review B ody, presented under Paragraph G of the TPRM 
mandate, and the regular trade monitoring reports by the Director-General, were prepared on the basis 
of information provided by Members and Observe r Governments to the WTO Secretariat on their 
trade and trade-related measures.  Providing greater  transparency in, and understanding of, the trade 
policies and practices of Members is central to meeting the purpose of the TPRM and allowing 
Members to monitor significant policy issues affecting the multilateral trading system. 
154. More detailed monitoring of specific trade me asures is carried out under each of the WTO 
Agreements.  WTO Councils and Committees have consulted Members on ways to improve the 
timeliness and completeness of notifications and ot her information flows on trade measures.  As a 
result, an intensive work programme continues wher ever this is needed.  In some cases, progress was 
made with a view to enhance notification procedures , either by making them more structured or by 
introducing more user-friendly reporting mechanisms , in particular using the new technologies.  
155. Overall, Members recognize the need to impr ove timely compliance with their notification 
obligations, the importance of enha ncing institutional capacity to analyse notified information, and to 
improve access to information flows on trade meas ures.  Members also recognize the constraints 
facing many developing and devel oped countries, ranging from shortage in human resources to 
internal coordination challenges.  Efforts are bei ng made by the WTO Secretariat to help improve 
Members' compliance, in particular through technical  assistance.  A Central Registry of Notifications 
in the WTO Secretariat records all notifications received, issues calls and reminders, and provides 
information on the content of notifications.
32  The total number of notifications has significantly 
increased over the years (Chart 25). 
156. The Council for Trade in Services  is aware of the importance of complying with the 
notification obligations under the GATS and has continued discussing the matter, initiated by a 
written submission by the Swiss delegation. At the Council's request, the Secretariat updated the statistical account, prepared in early 2009, of no tifications submitted under relevant GATS provisions. 
The update shows in particular that notifications pursuant to Article III:3, concerning new measures 
that "significantly affect" trade in sectors covered by specific commitments, had increased 
considerably, from 35 in 2008 to 47 in 2009.  However,  two-thirds of the latter notifications were 
submitted by three Members only.  At the Council meeting of 30 September 2010, the Swiss delegation indicated its intention to create an in formal group of Members to exchange experiences 
with notification obligations.   
 
                                                     
 
32 A number of other databases based on notifications  are also maintained in the Secretariat which are 
publicly accessible and cover areas such  as tariffs, SPS, TBT, and RTAs.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 55 
 
 
2,480
1,6202,8784,425
3,795
05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,000
1995 1999 2004 2009 2010 (Jan-Aug)Chart 25
Number of notifications received , 1995-2010
Number
Source:  WTO's Central Registry of Notifications.
 
 
157. In 2010, the Committee on Agriculture  has continued to focus on  transparency as well as 
timeliness and completeness of notifications.  B ased on suggestions from Members, specific action 
plans for the Committee and for the Secretariat we re established.  For example, the Committee 
decided to issue compilations of questions and writte n responses in the context of the Review Process 
as restricted documents, rather than informal room documents.  Members engaged in informal 
consultations on "best practices" in pr eparing and reviewing notifications.33  Building on the success 
of the Member-wide Workshop on Agriculture Notifi cations held in September 2009, the Secretariat 
stepped up its efforts on technical assistance and created a range of new learning tools. A new 
Handbook on Notification Requirements  was designed; a self-learning module was launched on the 
public WTO website; and Geneva-bas ed workshops focussing on the prep aration of notifications were 
introduced in the Technical Cooperation's Biennial Plan for 2010-2011.  Such events are now held on the sidelines of each regular meeting of the Committee.
34  Furthermore, the funding of two 
notification-related IT projects was approved by the WTO:  an electronic archiving system (database) 
to document the Review Process since 1995; and the on-line submission of notifications.  The actions implemented by the Committee and the Secretariat have borne fruit:  the heightened awareness of 
transparency matters has helped to bridge the ga p relating to the earlier years of the implementation 
period, i.e. 1995-2004.  In November 2010, 51 Me mbers (41% of the Membership) were in full 
compliance with their notification obligations fo r the 1995-2004 implementation period, compared 
with 41 in November 2009 (33%).  In conclusion, when regular  annual notification obligations are 
considered, as opposed to ad hoc  submissions, a total of 343 requirements were met in 2010.    
                                                     
 
33 An annotated document summarizing the substantive aspects of those discussions was issued as 
G/AG/W/73/Rev.2. 
34 English- and Spanish-speaking workshops were held in September and November 2010, 
respectively; French-speaking workshop will be held in March 2011. WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 56  
 
158. Members of the Committee on Customs Valuation  found that notification compliance was 
not satisfactory, and that the mechanism could be improved.  To date, 85 Me mbers have notified their 
national legislation on customs valu ation (counting the EU as one).  In addition, only 54 Members 
have notified their responses to the Checklist of Issues, although this is a requirement under the 
Agreement.  With respect to the Decision on Inter est Charges and Valuation of Carrier Media Bearing 
Software, only 38 Members have notified the date  from which they are applying the Decision. 
159. Members of the Committee on Customs Valu ation which monitors the Agreement on 
Preshipment Inspection (PSI), feel that notificati on is satisfactory.  This is essentially because 
notification should be made only when a Member uses PSI or has legislation relating to PSI.  Members that have not notified are presumed to not have such legislation. 
160. The number of notifications received in the Committee on Import Licensing  has improved 
during the last four years; nevertheless, compliance w ith notification obligations is still felt to be not 
satisfactory.  The Chair and the Central Registry of Notifications (CRN) send reminders twice a year, recalling Members of their transparency obligations.  In July 2010, the Chair sent reminders to all 
Members highlighting the date of the last notifica tion received from their authorities, responses to the 
Annual Questionnaire, and inviting th em to review the status of their notifications in general and 
update them wherever necessary.  An internal data base allows the Secretaria t to process information 
contained in the three different types of notifica tions under the Agreement and to issue reports on the 
different licensing regimes, product coverage, types of licence, purpose, and pertinent legislation.   
161. The Committee on Import Licensing continued to explore ways and means to improve 
Members' transparency obligations under the Agre ement.  Several Members submitted for the first 
time since their accession to the WTO, notifications under Articles 5 and 7.3.  The Chair engaged in a 
process of informal consultations with various delegations from a large geographical range which 
allowed the identification of difficulties encountered  by some Members when notifying.  Informal 
discussions have also taken place and some ideas and suggestions presented by some Members have since been put into practice.  The Committee w ill continue to explore other means to improve 
transparency in light of the ideas presented at th e informal discussions, su ch as the possible adoption 
of electronic formats that will help and guide Members to notify under two out of the three types of notifications. 
162. During 2010, the Committee on Market Access  has been examining the subject of improving 
the timeliness and completeness of notifications in relation to the Decision on Notification Procedures for Quantitative Restrictions.   Several consulta tions were conducted duri ng the year and it would 
appear that Members are of the view that the pr ocess can be improved in order to enhance compliance 
levels.  In this connection, the question of what quantitative restrictions are to be notified is a key 
point.  The Committee will address this issue in the coming months as well as look at other questions such as the circulation of QR notifications, review  in the Committee of such notifications and the 
updating of the QR database to take account of tech nological developments and to make it more use-
friendly. 
163. Regarding the Decision on Reverse Notificati on of Non-Tariff Measures, the Committee had 
agreed last year that "...six months before a revi ew of these notifications was supposed to take place 
(which was every two years at the same time as the review of quantitative restrictions), the Chairman 
was to send a letter out to Members drawing their atte ntion to the fact there that was a venue for such 
types of notification and that the Committee would be assessing such notifications at its meeting 
which was to take place in six months". Such a letter was sent out on 23 November 2009 in 
anticipation of a review which was to take pl ace at a spring 2010 meeting of the Committee.  
However, no new notification was submitted.  So th e situation remained the same (only one Member 
made a notification pursuant to this decision).  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 57 
 
 
164. The TBT Committee  regularly reviews the implementation of the Agreement's provisions 
related to transparency.  The outcome of the re view process has been a series of decisions that 
enhance transparency in terms of practical recommendations to Members.  Most recently, in November 2009, the Committee concluded its Fifth Triennial Review which contains a set of 
recommendations for enhancing notification procedures.
35  The Committee also regularly reviews 
specific trade concerns. 
165. The Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures  adopted at its meeting on 20 
October 2009 new standard formats for the notifi cation of semi-annual reports of countervailing 
actions and the minimum information to be provided  in the notifications of preliminary or final 
countervailing actions.  At the same meeting, th e Committee also adopted a one-time notification 
format for Members that do not have an investig ating authority for countervailing duty investigations, 
which have not taken such measures and which ar e unlikely to resort to  such measures in the 
foreseeable future.  Further, in view of the signifi cantly low level of compliance with the obligation to 
notify subsidies, the Chairmen of the Committee sent reminder letters, once in Spring 2009 and then 
in Spring 2010, to those Members that had not yet notified their subsidies.  Finally, the Committee 
added a new annex to its 2009 annu al report showing the time period covered by the last subsidy 
notification submitted by each Member. This ta ble was maintained in the 2010 annual report. 
166. The Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices  adopted in October 2008 a new revised format 
for semi-annual reports and the Secretariat was asked to send frequent reminders prior to set 
deadlines.36  At its meeting on 21 October 2009, the Committee adopted three decisions to enhance 
transparency and streamline the reporting process.  They include a one-time notification format to 
assist those long-standing non-notifying Members that do not have an investigating authority and that 
have never taken any anti-dumping actions (the Secretariat was asked to provide the necessary technical assistance)
37;  a decision on electronic submission of all notifications submitted to the 
Committee38;  and the introduction of an additional pa ragraph to the minimum information format, 
which Members use to notify their ad hoc  preliminary and final actions, to encourage them to attach, 
in an electronic form, publicly available document(s)  containing the relevant decision(s) made by the 
competent authority.     
167. At its meeting on 19 October 2009, the Committee on Safeguards  approved several new and 
improved notification formats, which will greatly  increase transparency in safeguard actions. 
Immediately after the new formats became operational,  Members have started to make notifications 
using those new formats. Since the vast major ity of notifications made to the Committee on 
Safeguards is ad hoc, individual safeguard actions, clearer notification has had a direct effect on 
increased transparency. This was all the more useful given the fact that the first half of 2010 was a 
particularly busy period in terms of safeguard actions.       
168. Improving the timeliness and completeness of notif ications and other information flows has 
been on the agenda of each meeting of the Council for TRIPS  since June 2009.  In October 2009, the 
Secretariat introduced a background note on "Time liness and Completeness of Notifications and 
Other Information Flows" (IP/C/W/543) that it had prepared at the Council's request.  It summarizes the relevant procedures, provides information on th e use of these procedures by Members.  It also 
contained some indications on how the Secretar iat planned to improve the usefulness and easy 
                                                     
 
35 G/TBT/26, Section D. 
36 Members have been submitting their semi-annual reports pursuant to the new revised format. The 
Secretariat has provided the necessary technical assistance to Members to help them submit their notifications in 
accordance with the new format.   
37 The Secretariat has provided the technical assist ance to countries falling within this category and 
remains in close contact with those Members that have not yet provided the said notification. Notifications submitted by Members in this respect could be found in document series G/ADP/N/193.     
38 A subject box specific automated reply was ac tivated by CRN which would encourage more 
Members to submit their notifi cations in an electronic form. WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 58  
 
availability of this information.  As regards the use of the procedures by Members, the note pointed 
out that the overall status of initial notifications of laws and regulations by  developed and developing 
country Members could be considered as fairly good, but the situation with the notification of 
subsequent amendments was much more uneven. 
169. At subsequent meetings, the Secretariat inform ed the Council on further enhancements to its 
services improving the transparency and user-friendlin ess of the notification system, including  (i) the 
launch of the TRIPS transparency toolkit webpage, join tly prepared by the Media and IP Divisions;  it 
provides a single access point to various notificati ons and other reports from Members, as well to 
related formats, guidelines and backgr ound materials, clarification of preferred formats for submission 
of texts;  (ii) clarification of preferred formats fo r submission of notifications and other texts;  and  
(iii) creation of the WIPO-WTO Common Portal as an alternative electronic means of submitting text 
of IP laws and regulations to th e two Organizations.  As to furthe r improvements, the Secretariat has 
indicated that next its focus will be to make fulle r use of electronic means and reduce the use of paper 
in line with the Paperless Secretariat Initiative. 
170. Given the important role of cooperation with WI PO in the administration of notifications, a 
representative of WIPO has twice briefed the Coun cil on its related activities, including on the WIPO-
WTO Common Portal.  WIPO has recently launc hed WIPO GOLD, a new on-line resource which 
provides a one-stop gateway to its global collections  of searchable IP data, and replaced its CLEA 
database of IP laws and regulations with IP Lex, which is now accessible through WIPO GOLD. 
171. An increasing number of Members have recently updated their earlier notifications;  this had 
been done both through the trad itional channels as well as by using the WIPO-WTO Common Portal 
that was recently launched.  The Council has agreed to  revert to this agenda item at its next meeting 
so as to provide Members a further opportunity to share any comments they might have on the matter, 
and also to allow the Secretariat to inform the Council of any further enhancements to its services. 
172. There has been significant improvement in the notification of  RTAs  since the establishment 
of the Transparency Mechanism in great part due  to a simplification of the various notification 
formats.  The WTO Secretariat has also taken a more active role in monitoring and reminding 
Members about their notification obligations.  In  October 2009, responding to a request by the 
Chairman of the General Council, the Chairman of the CRTA contacted certain Members that are 
parties to RTAs currently in force but not yet no tified, seeking details on when these agreements were 
to be notified.  As a result of the fax and subsequent follow up by the Secretariat, 10 out of 45 agreements that are currently in force have been notified.  Some of the agreements concern "partial 
scope" agreements with relativel y low coverage, and the Members concerned are currently discussing 
whether to notify these agreements to  the Secretariat as well.  The Secr etariat continues to pursue the 
outstanding notifications. 
173. Since the creation of the Integrated Data Base (IDB) , the notifications received by the WTO 
Secretariat were, for the majority of Members, neither  timely, i.e. within the proscribed deadlines,  nor 
comprehensive.  Only 23 Members have complete  submissions in the IDB since 1996 and very few 
Members comply consistently with the IDB submi ssion deadlines.  To address this situation, the 
WTO Secretariat proposed to Members a new frame work to enhance IDB notifications compliance 
which was adopted by the Committee on Market Access on 13 July 2009.
39 This decision gave the 
Secretariat more flexibility to collect data from of ficial national, regional or international sources 
under certain circumstances; this resulted in a signif icant improvement of the coverage of the IDB.  
As of September 2010, for 62% of Members the requested IDB tariff information and for 69% of 
Members the requested IDB import information is available in the IDB compared to 54% and 59%, 
respectively, at the same time in 2009.   Since the adoption of the framework the Secretariat contacted 
40 Members with significant gaps in their IDB submissions and included 130 tariff or import 
                                                      
39 WTO document G/MA/239 of 4 September 2009.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 59 
 
 
information periods in the IDB.  The Secretariat will intensify its efforts to encourage Members to 
make comprehensive and timely IDB notifications , including through active collaboration with 
regional and other international or ganizations involved in similar data collection activities.    
174. It is important to keep in mind the need for a coherent approach across all WTO Councils and 
Committees, as well as the TPRB, so th at results in each area can be incorporated into an enhanced 
transparency and trade-information system that covers  all areas of WTO rules, all sectors of trade, and 
all WTO Members.  The Secretariat is working to en sure that better use is made of common formats 
that are compatible with modern electronic m eans for handling, storing and disseminating data. 
  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 61 
 
 
ANNEX 1 
 
Trade and Trade-Related Measures1  
(November 2009 - Mid-October 2010) 
 
VERIFIED INFORMATION 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Argentina Initiation on 2 November 2009 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of electrical 
ignition or starting equipment of a kind used 
for spark-ignition or compression-ignition internal combustion engines (for example, 
ignition magnetos, magneto-dynamos, ignition 
coils, sparking plugs and glow plugs, starter motors), generators (NCM 8511.30.20; 
8511.80.30; 8511.80.90; 9032.89.11) from 
China. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/ARG of 
22 February 2010 and  
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Argentina Initiation on 3 November 2009 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of certain oil 
country tubular goods (NCM 7304.29; 
7306.29) from China. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/ARG of 
22 February 2010 and  WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Argentina Introduction of non-automatic import licensing 
requirements, covering products such as textile fabrics, autoparts, electrical machinery and 
equipments, vehicles, parts and accessories of 
motor vehicles, articles of apparel and clothing 
accessories, chemicals, and paper 
(NCM Chapters 28; 48; 51; 52; 54; 55; 59; 60; 
61; 62; 63; 65; 68; 73; 82; 84; 85; 87; 94; 96). WTO Documents 
G/LIC/N/2/ARG/23 of 27 November 2009  and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Argentina Introduction of "criterion values" (valores 
criterio de carácter precautorio) for imports of 
a number of products such as fungicides 
(NCM 3808.92); electro-mechanical domestic appliances (NCM 8509.40); electrical ignition or starting equipment (NCM 8511.80); optical 
media (CDs) (NCM 8523.40); and automatic 
regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus (NCM 9032.89) from certain specified origins. Resoluciones Generales AFIP 
Nos. 2699/2009, 2700/2009 
and 2701/2009 
(4 November 2009) and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.   
Argentina Increase of the value-added tax (from 10.5% to 
21%) for information technology products (NCM 8415; 8418; 8516; 8517; 8518; 8519; 
8521; 8527; 8528), as well as of the product 
coverage for the application of the excise tax (17%). Products manufactured or assembled in the Tierra del Fuego free zone are exempted. Ley 26.539 
(20 November 2009)  and WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Argentina Initiation on 2 December 2009 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of table, floor, wall, window, ceiling or roof fans, with a self-
contained electric motor (NCM 8414.51; 
8414.59) from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/195/ARG of 
22 February 2010.   
Argentina Initiation on 18 December 2009 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of new 
pneumatic tyres, of rubber (NCM 4011.10.00; 
4011.20.90; 4011.61.00; 4011.92.10; 
4011.92.90) from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/195/ARG/Rev.1 of 23 April 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd) 
                                                      
1 The inclusion of any measure in this table implies no judgement by the WTO Secretariat on whether 
or not such measure, or its intent, is protectionist in nature.  Moreover, nothing in the table implies any 
judgement, either direct or  indirect, on the consistency of any measure referred to with the provisions of any 
WTO agreement or such measure's impact on, or relationship with, the global financial crisis. WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 62  
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Argentina New customs regulation (aduanas 
especializadas en el despacho de determinadas 
mercaderías de importación para consumo) 
amending  the list of entry points (selected seaports and airports) for certain products such 
as carbonates; tableware and kitchenware; 
articles of leather; textiles and apparel; footwear; ceramic products; glassware; imitation jewellery; articles of iron or steel; 
articles of base metal; machinery and 
mechanical appliances ; electrical machinery 
and equipment; vehicles and parts and 
accessories; clocks and watches; lamps; toys; 
and manufactured articles (NCM Chapters 28; 39; 42; 50 to 64; 69; 70; 71; 73; 82; 83; 84; 85; 87; 90; 94; 95; 96). Resolución No. 3/2010 DGA 
(29 January 2010)  and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.   
Argentina Initiation on 11 February 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  polypropylene 
filament yarn (NCM 5402.48.00; 5402.59.00) 
from Brazil. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/ARG of 
9 August 2010 and  WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Argentina Initiation on 13 February 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  air conditioning 
machines  (NCM 8415.10.11; 8415.83.00; 8418.69.40) from Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, and Viet Nam. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/ARG of 
9 August 2010 and  WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Argentina Initiation on 2 March 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of men's or boy's suits, blazers and jackets (NCM 6203.11; 
6203.12; 6203.19; 6203.22; 6203.23; 
6203.29.10; 6203.29.90; 6203.31; 6203.32; 
6203.33; 6203.39) from China. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/ARG of 9 August 2010 and  
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Argentina Initiation on 2 March 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of steel straight slaw 
blades, for working metals  (NCM 8202.91.00; 
8202.99.90) from China. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/ARG of 
9 August 2010 and  WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Argentina Update of the list of "criterion values" (valores 
criterio de carácter precautorio) for imports of a number of products such as baby carriages 
and parts (NCM 8715.00); flywheels and 
pulleys, including pulley blocks (NCM 8483.50.90); automatic circuit breakers 
(NCM 8536.20.00); other knitted or crocheted 
fabrics of synthetic fibres dyed or printed  (NCM 6006.42.00; 6006.44.00); stemware drinking glasses, other than of glass-ceramics 
(NCM 7013.28.00); other drinking glasses, 
other than of glass-ceramics (NCM 7013.37.00); and benzoyl peroxide 
(NCM 2916.32.10) from certain specified 
origins. Resoluciones Generales AFIP 
Nos. 2720/2009, 2730/2009, 2777/2010, 2778/2010, 
2779/2010, 2780/2010, 
2781/2010, 2783/2010 and 2785/2010 (various dates 
from November 2009 
to March 2010)  and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.   
Argentina Adjustment of "crite rion values" (valores 
referenciales de exportación de carácter 
precautorio) for exports of a number of 
products such as natural honey (NCM 0409.00.00); fresh grapes (NCM 0806.10.00); 
copper and articles thereof (NCM 74); and 
fresh apples, pears and quinces (NCM 0808.10.00; 0808.20.10) for certain specified destinations. Resoluciones Generales AFIP 
Nos. 2786/2010, 2787/2010, 
2788/2010, and 2790/2010 
(26 February 2010)  and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 63 
 
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Argentina Temporary export ban on ferrous waste and 
scrap, remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel  
(NCM 7204.10.00; 7204.21.00; 7204.29.00; 
7204.30.00; 7204.41.00; 7204.49.00; 
7204.50.00) until 9 July 2010.  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. The export ban was 
extended until 5 July 2011. 
Argentina Termination on 8 July 2010 of anti-dumping 
duty on imports of voile (NCM 5407.61.00; 5407.69.00) from Brazil (imposed on 8 September 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/ARG of 7 October 2009 and Resolución 
No. 9/2010 Comercio Exterior - 
Ministerio de Industria 
(8 July 2010).   
Argentina Update of the list of "criterion values" (valores 
criterio de carácter precautorio) introduced 
over the period June-August 2010 for imports of a number of products such as blank 
CD/DVDs (NCM 8523.40.11); auto 
accessories (NCM 8708.99.90); glasses (NCM 9003.11.00; 9003.19.10; 9003.19.90; 
9004.90.10); bags (NCM 4202.92.00; 
4202.99.00); polyester yarn (NCM 5509.21.00; 5509.22.00); copper pipes (NCM 7411.10.10; 7411.21.10); chlorodifluoromethane 
(NCM 2903.49.11); and yarn 
(NCM 5402.45.20) from certain specified 
origins. Resoluciones Generales AFIP 
Nos. 2871/2010, 2872/2010, 
2874/2010, 2891/2010, 2893/2010, 2895/2010, and 2899/2010 (various dates). 
  
Argentina, Brazil, 
Paraguay and Uruguay 
(Mercosur) Temporary increase of the Mercosur Common 
Tariff (to 28%) for 11 tariff lines (dairy 
products: NCM 0402.10; 0402.21; 0402.29; 0402.99; 0404.10; 0406.10; 0406.90), as from 
31 January 2010 until 31 December 2011. 
Paraguay and Uruguay given a waiver on this 
measure. Decisión No. 25/09 del Consejo 
del Mercado Común 
(7 December 2009) and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Argentina, Brazil, 
Paraguay and Uruguay 
(Mercosur) Temporary increase of the Mercosur Common 
Tariff (to 18% and 26%) for 157 tariff lines 
(textiles and textile articles: NCM 5004; 5005; 5006; 5106; 5107; 5108; 5109; 5110; 5204; 
5205; 5206; 5207; 5306; 5307; 5308; 5401; 
5402; 5403; 5404; 5405; 5502; 5508; 5509; 5510; 5911). Paraguay and Uruguay given a waiver on this measure. Decisión No. 26/09 del Consejo 
del Mercado Común 
(7 December 2009) and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010).   
Argentina, Brazil, 
Paraguay and Uruguay 
(Mercosur) Temporary increase of the Mercosur Common 
Tariff (to 35%) for 3 tariff lines (articles of 
leather: NCM 4202.22.10; 4202.22.20; 4202.92.00). Paraguay and Uruguay given a waiver on this measure. Decisión No. 27/09 del Consejo 
del Mercado Común 
(7 December 2009) and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Argentina, Brazil, 
Paraguay and Uruguay 
(Mercosur) Establishment of a new common Custom Code 
with guidelines on the elimination of double taxation of imports from non-Mercosur 
countries that are unloaded in one Mercosur 
member and forwarded to another. Decisiones Nos. 10/10 and 
27/10 del Consejo del Mercado 
Común (2 August 2010). 
  
Argentina, Brazil, 
Paraguay and Uruguay (Mercosur) Trade facilitation measure with the 
establishment of a Common Customs 
Document "Documento Único Aduanero del 
Mercosur (DUAM)". Decisión No. 17/10 del Consejo 
del Mercado Común (2 August 2010). 
  
Australia Termination on 25 November 2009 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of linear low 
density polyethylene (HS 3901.10; 3901.90) 
from Canada and the United States (initiated 
on 28 May 2009). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Australia Reduction of applied tariffs on passenger 
motor vehicles and parts (from 10% down to 
5%) (HS Chapters 39; 40; 68; 70; 73; 83; 84; 
85; 87; 90; 94; 96), as from 1 January 2010.   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 64  
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Australia Consumer price index adjustment for the 
calculation of new rates of customs duties for 
certain products such as alcoholic beverages 
(HS 2203; 2204; 2205; 2206; 2207; 2208) and tobacco products (HS 2401; 2402; 2403) 
resulting in increase of the customs and excise 
duties, as from 1 February 2010. Australian Customs Notice No. 
2010/05 (2 February 2010)  and 
WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Australia Gradual reduction of applie d tariffs on textiles, 
clothing, and footwear  products until 2015 (for 
items with a rate of 17.5% down to 10%; and for items with rates of 10% or 7.5% to 5% ) 
(HS Chapters 30; 38; 39; 40; 42; 43; 50; 51; 
52; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 60; 61; 62; 63; 64; 
65; 90; 94).  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Australia Termination on 12 January 2010 (following a 
reinvestigation)  of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of toilet paper (HS 4818.10) from China and Indonesia (reinvestigation initiated on 30 June 2009). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/AUS of 
7 September 2010 and  WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Australia Termination on 16 February 2010 of anti-
dumping duties on imports of certain silicon (HS 2804.69) from China (imposed on 
17 February 2005). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/AUS of 7 September 2010 and  WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Australia Termination on 17 February 2010 (following a 
continuation inquiry) of anti-dumping duties on imports of hot dipped galvanised steel pipe 
(HS 7306.30) from Thailand (imposed on 
18 February 2000). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/AUS of 7 September 2010 and  
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Australia Termination on 23 March 2010  of anti-
dumping duties on imports of polyvinyl 
chloride homopolymer resin (HS 3904.10) 
from Hungary (no appli cation for continuation 
received) and Korea (following a continuation inquiry) (duties imposed on 24 March 2000). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/AUS of 
7 September 2010 and  
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Australia Initiation on 19 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  clear float glass (CFG) in nominal thicknesses of 3 mm-12 mm 
(HS 7005.29.00) from China, Indonesia, and 
Thailand. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/AUS of 7 September 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Australia Increase of excise rates for imports of certain 
tobacco products (HS 2401.10.00; 2401.20.00; 
2401.30.00; 2402.10.20; 2402.10.80; 
2402.20.20; 2402.20.80; 2403.10.30; 2403.10.70; 2403.91.00; 2403.99.80), as from 30 April 2010. Australian Customs Notice (No 
1) 2010 (29 April 2010) and 
WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Australia Initiation on 22 June 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of "biodiesel" - fuel 
manufactured by chemically altering non-fossil origin feedstocks (including recycled materials 
from these sources) through a process of 
transesterification and/or  esterification to form 
mono-alkyl esters -  whether in pure form 
(B100) or in a blend with a biodiesel 
percentage in excess of 20% (B20)  (HS 2710.11.80; 2710.19.80; 2710.91.80; 
2710.99.80; 3824.90.20; 3824.90.30) from the 
United States. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/AUS of 
7 September 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 65 
 
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Australia Initiation on 22 June 2010 of countervailing 
investigation on imports of "biodiesel" - fuel 
manufactured by chemically altering non-fossil 
origin feedstocks (including recycled materials from these sources) through a process of 
transesterification and/or  esterification to form 
mono-alkyl esters -  whether in pure form (B100) or in a blend with a biodiesel percentage in excess of 20% (B20)  
(HS 2710.11.80; 2710.19.80; 2710.91.80; 
2710.99.80; 3824.90.20; 3824.90.30) from the 
United States. WTO Document 
G/SCM/N/212/AUS of 8 September 2010.   
Australia Increase of excise rates (from $A 0.02854/l to 
$A 0.03556/l (US$0.02798/l to US$0.03486/l)) 
for imports of aviation fuel (HS 2710.11; 
2710.19; 2710.99), as from 1 July 2010. Australian Customs  Notice No. 
2010/29 (30 June 2010).   
Australia Termination on 19 and 27 July 2010 (following 
a continuation inquiry) of anti-dumping duties 
on imports of linear low density polyethylene 
(HS 3901.10; 3901.90) from Indonesia 
(imposed on 27 July 2000). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/AUS of 
7 September 2010 and Customs 
Dumping notice 2010/10.   
Australia Initiation on 30 July 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of linear-low density 
polyethylene (LLDPE), in various grades, in 
pelletised form, with a density of less than 0.94 g/cm
3  (HS 3901.10.00; 3901.90.00) from 
Canada, Korea, and the United States. Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO (8 October 2010).   
Australia Consumer price index adjustment for the 
calculation of new rates of customs duties for certain products such as alcoholic beverages 
(HS 2203; 2204; 2205; 2206; 2207; 2208) and 
tobacco products (HS 2401; 2402; 2403) resulting in increase of the customs and excise duties, as from 2 August 2010. Australian Customs Notice No. 
2010/38 (30 July 2010).   
Australia Termination (without measure) on 
4 August 2010 of anti-dumping investigation on imports of certain plywood sheeting, of 
conifer and non-conifer species, in various 
widths and grades ra nging from high quality 
appearance structurally-certified grades with 
minimal imperfections, through to non-
structural non-appearance grades to which no manufacturing standard applies 
(HS 4412.31.00; 4412.32.00; 4412.39.00) from 
Brazil, Chile, China, and Malaysia (initiated on 
3 December 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/AUS of 7 September 2010 and 
Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(8 October 2010).   
Australia Termination (without measure) on 
23 August 2010 of anti-dumping investigation 
on imports of hollow structural sections 
(HS 7306.30; 7306.61; 7306.69) from China 
and Malaysia (initiated on 18 December 2008).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/AUS of 
7 September 2010 and 
Permanent Delegation of Australia to the WTO (8 October 2010). First terminated on 
20 May 2009 for imports 
from Malaysia, and 
6 June 2009 for imports from China, but 
investigation resumed on 
31 August 2009, following an appeal to 
the Trade Measures 
Review Officer. 
Australia Termination (without measure) on 
23 August 2010 of countervailing investigation 
on imports of hollow structural sections 
(HS 7306.30; 7306.61; 7306.69) from China 
(initiated on 18 December 2008).  WTO Document 
G/SCM/N/212/AUS of 
8 September 2010 and 
Permanent Delegation of Australia to the WTO (8 October 2010). First terminated on 
6 June 2009, but 
investigation resumed on 
31 August 2009, following an appeal to 
the Trade Measures 
Review Officer. 
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
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Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Azerbaijan Amendments to Decree No. 609 of 
24 June 1997 implementing certain trade 
facilitation measures such as elimination of 
expertise, registration, bank guarantee, and letter of credit requirements for import-export 
of certain products (wild animals and plants, 
work of arts, chemicals, medicines, and 
medical products). Permanent Delegation of 
Azerbaijan to the United Nations (8 October 2010).   
Bahrain, Kuwait, 
Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia (Gulf Cooperation Council) Initiation on 7 November 2009 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of iron or non-alloy steel profiles (HS 7216.10; 7216.21; 7216.31; 7216.32; 7216.33; 7216.40; 7216.50). The Cooperation Council for 
the Arab States of the Gulf Technical Secretariat of Anti-
Dumping - Notice No. (2) for 
the year 2010 (31 May 2010).   
Bahrain, Kuwait, 
Oman, Qatar, Saudi 
Arabia (Gulf 
Cooperation Council) Termination (without measure) on 9 May 2010 
of safeguard investigation on imports of coated 
paper (HS 4805) (initiated on 
7 November 2009).   The Cooperation Council for 
the Arab States of the Gulf 
Technical Secretariat of Anti-
Dumping - Notice No. (1) for 
the year 2010 (31 May 2010).   
Belarus Initiation on 27 February 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of amyloid treacle 
(HS 1702.30.99) from Ukraine. Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the United Nations 
(11 October 2010).   
Belarus Initiation on 8 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of malt beer 
(HS 2203.00.09) from Ukraine. Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the United Nations 
(11 October 2010).   
Belarus Reduction of the number of fresh water fish 
and seafood products under import exclusive 
right requirements, as from 1 July 2010. Those State exclusive rights are maintained for 
certain fish and seafood products 
(HS 0303.79.11; 0303.79.19; 0304.19.19 to 
0304.29.19; 0304.99.10; 0305; 1604; 1605).  Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the United Nations 
(11 October 2010).   
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Adoption of a Common External Tariff (CET) 
consisting of 11,211 tariff lines, of which 
9,242 are subject to ad valorem  duties, 1,751 to 
compound duties and 218 to specific duties, in 
some cases resulting in country-specific 
decrease or increase of import tariffs. Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation 
(12 April 2010). Effective 
27 November 2009.  
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Introduction of specific import tariffs on 
transport vehicles (HS 8702; 8703; 8704) 
varying according to age and type, on top of 
ad valorem  duties raging from zero to 30% for 
items included in HS 8702, from zero to 35% 
for items included in HS 8703, and zero to 
20% for items included in HS 8704. Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation (12 April 2010). Effective 
1 January 2010.  
Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation Increase of specific import tariffs (from 
€0.3/kg to €0.6/kg (US$0.42/kg to US$0.84/kg)) on top of import duty (15%) on 
certain types of processed cheese  
(HS 0406.30.10; 0406.30.31; 0406.30.39; 
0406.30.90).   Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation 
(20 October 2010). Effective 2 May 2010.  
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Modification of  import tariffs (from 15% but 
not less than €0.12/kg to €0.4/kg (US$0.17/kg 
to US$0.56/kg)) for palm oil in tare exceeding 200,000 kg net weight or below (HS 1511.10.90). Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation 
(11 October 2010). Effective 3 July 2010. 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs on wood sheets 
for veneering of a thickness not exceeding 
1 mm (HS 4408.39.31). Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation 
(11 October 2010). Effective 3 July 2010. 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Reduction of import tariffs (from 15% to 5%) 
on certain forms of safety glass 
(HS 7007.19.80). Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation 
(11 October 2010). Effective 3 July 2010. 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
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Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs on photosensitive 
semiconductor devices (HS 8541.40.90). Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation (11 October 2010). Effective 3 July 2010. 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Introduction of import tariffs (15%) on plastic 
parts for frames and mountings for spectacles, goggles or the like (HS 9003.90.00). Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation (11 October 2010). Effective 29 July 2010. 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs on Tungsten 
(wolfram) waste and scrap (HS 8101.97.00). Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation 
(11 October 2010). Effective 
19 August 2010. 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs on cermets waste 
and scrap (HS 8113.00.40). Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation 
(11 October 2010). Effective 
19 August 2010. 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Reduction of import tariffs (from 20% to 15%) 
on wines (HS 2204.29) imported in tare exceeding 227 litres. Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation (11 October 2010). Effective 
23 September 2010. 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation Increase of import tariffs (from 5% to 15%) on 
grape must (HS 2204.30.98). Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation 
(11 October 2010). Effective 
23 September 2010. 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Increase of import tariffs (from 10% to 15%, 
but not less than €1/kg (US$1.4/kg)) on plastic 
caps and capsule for bottles (HS 3923.50.10; 
3923.50.90). Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation 
(11 October 2010). Effective 
23 September 2010. 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Increase of specific import tariffs (from 
€6.9/unit to €20/unit (from US$9.7/unit to 
US$28/unit)) on top of the current import duty 
(20%) on retreaded tyres (HS 4012.11.00; 
4012.20.00). Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation (11 October 2010). Effective 
23 September 2010. 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Increase of import tariffs (from zero to 5%) on 
certain agricultural equipments  
(HS 8428.90.71; 8428.90.79; 8436.10.00).  Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the United Nations 
(19 October 2010). Effective 
16 October 2010.  
Bolivia Temporary authorization to import corn "maíz 
duro amarillo" (HS 1105.90.11) (quota of 
60,000 tonnes) with a zero import tariff, under 
a new Food Security Policy.   Decreto Supremo No. 531 
(3 June 2010). Effective 3 June 2010 
until 3 September 2010. 
Bolivia Temporary export prohibitions of sugar 
(HS 1701), as from 19 February 2010, under a new Food Security Policy.   Decretos Supremo Nos. 434 
and 464 and WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.  Lifted on 
31 March 2010.   
Bolivia "Régimen temporal y excepcional para la 
exportación de azúcar" establishing a 
temporary export ban on sugar and sugar cane 
(HS 1212.99.10; 1701.11), and eliminating import tariffs on sugar (HS 1701) from 
13 October 2010 until 31 March 2011, under a 
new Food Security Policy. Decreto Supremo No. 671 
(13 October 2010).    
Bolivia Temporary export prohibition of corn 
(HS 1005.10.00; 1005.90.11; 1102.20.00; 1103.13.00; 1104.23.00), and sorghum 
(HS 1007.00.10; 1007.00.90), under a new 
Food Security Policy. Decreto Supremo No. 435 and  
WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Export prohibition on 
corn lifted on 
6 May 2010. 
Bolivia Reduction of import tariffs (to 5%) for certain 
products such as home appliances, computers, 
memory cards, and computer screens. Permanent Delegation of 
Bolivia to the WTO 
(1 November 2010).  Effective 
30 September 2010. 
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
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Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Brazil  Initiation on 4 November 2009 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of knitted or 
crocheted viscose fabrics (NCM 6004; 6006) 
from China. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/BRA of 
23 March 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Brazil  Initiation on 4 November 2009 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of hand tools 
"rebitadores manuais" (NCM 8205.59.00) from China. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/BRA of 23 March 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Brazil Termination (lapse of application period) on 
7 November 2009 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of ammonium nitrate  
(NCM 3102.30.00; 3105.51.00; 3105.59.00) 
from Russia and Ukraine. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/BRA of 
23 March 2010 and  
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Brazil Termination (without measure) on 
16 December 2009 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of polyethylene terephthalate resins (NCM 3907.60.00) from 
Argentina (initiated on 27 April 2009).   WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/BRA of 
23 March 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Brazil Creation of new tariff lines, in some cases 
resulting in a decrease of import tariffs  on 
products such as codfish (NCM 0305.30.10) (from 10% to zero), and electrical equipment (from 18% to zero), as from 1 January 2010. Resolução No. 82 
(15 December 2009) and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.   
Brazil Reduction of import tariffs (from a range of 
12-14% down to 2%) on 573 tariff lines such as capital goods, informatics, and telecommunication equipment. CAMEX Resolutions Nos. 61 
and 62 (28 October 2009); 77 and 78 (15 December 2009); 3 
and 4 (4 February 2010) and 
WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Brazil Initiation on 11 March 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of salt "sal grosso" 
(NCM 2501.00.19) from Chile. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/BRA of 6 September 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Brazil Reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) on 6 tariff 
lines such as informatics, machinery and 
equipment (NCM 8419.50.90; 8471.70.12; 
8537.20.90; 8541.30.29; 9030.40.90; 
9030.82.10), until 31 December 2010. CAMEX Resolution No. 17 
(25 March 2010) and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.   
Brazil Reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) on 163 
capital goods tariff lines  (NCM Chapters 84, 
85, 86, 87, 89, 90, and 94), until 
31 December 2010. CAMEX Resolution No. 18 
(25 March 2010) and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.   
Brazil Extension until 31 December 2011, of the 
reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) for 232 
tariff lines (informatics and telecommunication 
equipment, and capital goods)  (NCM Chapters 
73; 82; 84; 85; 87; 89; 90).  CAMEX Resolutions Nos. 26 
and 27 (14 April 2010) and 
WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Brazil Initiation on 12 March 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of glassine and other 
glazed transparent or translucent papers 
(NCM 4806.40.00) from France, Hungary, and Italy. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/BRA of 
6 September 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Brazil Reduction of import tariffs (to zero) on 
A(H1N1) vaccines  (NCM 3002.20.11; 3002.20.21), for 12 months. (Included on its 
national list of exemptions to the Mercosur 
Common Tariff). CAMEX Resolution No. 22 
(23 April 2010) and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
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Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Brazil Reduction of import tariffs (from 20% to zero) 
on ethyl alcohol (NCM 2207.10.00; 
2207.20.10) until 31 December 2011. 
(Included on its national list of exemptions to 
the Mercosur Common Tariff). CAMEX Resolution No. 21 
(23 April 2010) and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.   
Brazil Reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) on certain 
products such as palm kernel (quota 150,000 tonnes) (NCM 1513.29.10); backed refined 
copper (quota 450,000 units) (NCM 
7410.21.10); electrodes (quota 10,000 tonnes) 
(NCM 8545.19.90),  for 12 months. CAMEX Resolution No. 25 
(29 April 2010) and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Brazil Reduction of import tari ffs (to 2%) on paper 
and paperboard in rolls  (NCM 4810.13.90). CAMEX Resolution No. 29 
(14 May 2010) and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.   
Brazil Amendments to the IPI value-added tax 
incentive scheme. IPI reductions for household 
appliances were eliminated from 31 January 2010. IPI increased (to 7%) for commercial vehicles; and (from 0 to 5%) for 
furniture and components from March 
and April 2010 respectively. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Brazil New tax incentives (Inte grated Drawback) for 
exporters (mainly agri-businesses); consisting 
in the elimination of the IPI value-added tax 
(5%), or the PIS/Cofins social contribution on the basis of the turnover (9.5%) on the 
purchase of inputs (local and imported) to be 
used in the manufacturing of export products. A similar scheme was already in place for machine parts, and equipment. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Full IPI reduction was 
extended until June 2010 
for capital goods; and 
until 31 December 2010 
for construction material. 
Brazil Elimination of import tariffs and the IPI value-
added tax (5%) for computers for public 
schools. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Brazil Initiation on 1 June 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of emulsion  styrene-
butadiene rubber "E-SBR 1502 and E-SBR 
1712"  (NCM 4002.19.19) from Korea. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/BRA of 
6 September 2010.   
Brazil Reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) on certain 
products such as electrodes (quota 10,000 
tonnes) (NCM 8545.19.90),  for 12 months. CAMEX Resolutions No. 25 
(29 April 2010) and 47 
(24 June 2010). Measure abolished 
1 July 2010. 
Brazil Temporary reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) 
on 7 informatic and telecommunication tariff 
lines (NCM 8471.60.90; 8517.62.59.011; 
8517.62.59.012; 8517.62.59.013; 8517.62.59.014; 8517.62. 77; 8517.62.91), until 
31 December 2011. CAMEX Resolutions Nos. 35 
(26 May 2010) and 45 (24 June 2010).   
Brazil Reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) on 276 
capital goods tariff lines (NCM Chapters 68; 
82; 84; 85; 86; 89; 90; 94), until 
31 December 2011. CAMEX Resolutions Nos. 34 
(26 May 2010) and 46 
(24 June 2010).   
Brazil Reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) for certain 
products such as paper and paper board 
(NCM 4810.13.90) (quota 4,500 tonnes); flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel not 
clad, plated or coated (NCM 7208.51.00) 
(quota 800 tonnes); flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel clad, plated or coated 
(NCM 7210.90.00) (quota 250 tonnes); and 
aluminium casks, drums cans, boxes and similar containers (NCM 7612.90.19) (quota 1,900 million units).  CAMEX Resolutions Nos. 39 
(2 June 2010), 42 
(17 June 2010), and 52 
(28 July 2010).   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
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Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Brazil Creation of new tariff lines, in some cases 
resulting in a decrease of import tariffs  on 
products such as methylcellulose 
(NCM 3912.39.10) (from 14% to 2%), and copper foil (NCM 7410.21.10) (from 12% to 4%), as from 1 July 2010. CAMEX Resolution No. 39 
(2 June 2010).   
Brazil Inclusion of certain products on its national list 
of exemptions to the Mercosur Common 
Tariff, resulting in a decrease of import tariffs  
for frozen sardines (to 2%) (NCM 0303.71.00), terephthalic acid and its salts (to zero - quota 
132,000 tonnes) (NCM 2917.36.00), and crane 
lorries (NCM 8705.10.10). CAMEX Resolution No. 47 
(24 June 2010).   
Brazil Initiation on 7 July 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of colourless flat 
glass, clear, produced by float process, with a 
thickness between 2 and 19 mm 
(NCM 7005.29.00) from China and Mexico. Circular No. 27 Ministério do 
desenvolvimento, indústria e 
comércio exterior - Secretaria 
de comércio exterior 
(7 July 2010).   
Brazil Initiation on 13 July 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of N-Butanol 
(NCM 2905.13.00) from the United States.  Circular No. 28 Ministério do 
desenvolvimento, indústria e 
comércio exterior - Secretaria de comércio exterior 
(13 July 2010).   
Brazil Initiation on 22 July 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of toluene 
diisocyanate  (TDI-80/20) (NCM 2929.10.21) 
from Argentina and the United States. Circular No. 32 Ministério do 
desenvolvimento, indústria e 
comércio exterior - Secretaria de comércio exterior (22 July 2010).   
Brazil Termination (without measure) on 
5 August 2010 of anti-dumping investigation on imports of flasks of glass up to 20ml 
(NCM 7010.90.90) from India (initiated on 
18 August 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/195/BRA/Rev.1 of 31 March 2010 and Permanent 
Delegation of Brazil to the 
WTO (20 October 2010).   
Brazil Temporary reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) 
on 10 informatic and telecommunication tariff 
lines (NCM 8541.40.32.002; 8541.40.32.003; 
8541.40.32.004; 8543.70.99.028; 8543.70.99.066; 8543.70.99.067; 
8543.70.99.068; 8543.70.99.069; 
8543.70.99.070; 9 030.40.90), until 
30 June 2012. Resolution CAMEX No. 54 
(5 August 2010).   
Brazil Reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) on 
436 capital goods tariff lines (NCM Chapters 
73; 82; 84; 85; 86; 87; 89; 90), until 
3 June 2012. CAMEX Resolution No. 53 
(5 August 2010).   
Brazil Initiation on 26 August 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  flat-rolled products 
of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of 
600 mm or more, hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated, of a thickness of 4.75 mm or more 
(NCM 7208.51.00; 7208.52.00)  from the 
Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Korea, Mexico, Romania, Russia, Spain, Chinese Taipei, and Turkey.  Circular No. 37 Ministério do 
desenvolvimento, indústria e 
comércio exterior - Secretaria 
de comércio exterior 
(24 August 2010).   
Brazil Temporary reduction of import tariffs (from 
10% to zero) on cotton (quota 250,000 tonnes)  (NCM 5201.00.20; 5201.00.90), for the period 
1 October 2010 to 31 May 2011 (beneficiary 
textiles sector). (Included on its national list of 
exceptions of the Mercosur Common Tariff). CAMEX Resolution No. 70 
(14 September 2010).   
Brazil Reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) on 116 auto 
part tariff lines (NCM Chapters 39, 40, 73, 76, 
84, 85, 87, 90, 94).  CAMEX Resolution No. 71 
(14 September 2010).   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
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Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Canada Trade facilitation measure liberalizing the 
conditions under which shipping containers 
(HS 9801.10.20) can temporarily be imported 
into Canada on a duty-free basis.  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Permanent measure 
effective as from 15 December 2009. 
Canada Suspension of import tariffs (25%) on certain 
products such as ferries (HS 8901.10), tankers 
(HS 8901.20), and cargo vessels (HS 8901.90). Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(8 October 2010). Effective 
1 January 2010.  
Canada Elimination of import tariffs on 1,541 tariff 
lines (manufacturing inputs, machinery and 
equipment). The majority of those items with a 
simple average MFN rate of 7.2%, became duty-free as of 5 March 2010 (1,100 tariff 
lines), with the remainder scheduled to be 
eliminated gradually,  starting 5 March 2010 
but by no later than 1 January 2015. WTO Documents 
G/MA/W/101 of 19 April 2010 
and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Implemented 
permanently into law on 12 July 2010. 
Canada Initiation on 22 March 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of greenhouse bell 
peppers (HS 0709.60.90) from the 
Netherlands. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/CAN of  
22 September 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Provisional duty 
imposed on 
21 June 2010. 
Canada Termination on 6 May 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties (provisional) on imports of faced rigid 
cellular polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate thermal insulation board 
(HS 3921.13.99) from the United States 
(imposed on 6 January 2010).   WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/CAN of 
22 September 2010.   
Canada Termination on 15 June 2010 (finding 
rescinded) of anti-dumping duties (definitive) 
on imports of laminate flooring (HS 4411.13; 
4411.14; 4411.92) from China and France 
(imposed on 16 June 2005).   WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/CAN of 22 September 2010.   
Canada Termination on 15 June 2010 (finding 
rescinded) of counterv ailing duties (definitive) 
on imports of laminate flooring (HS 4411.13; 4411.14; 4411.92) from China (imposed on 16 June 2005).   WTO Document 
G/SCM/N/212/CAN of 
22 September 2010.   
Canada Initiation on 20 September 2010 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of metal bar grating of carbon, alloy, or stainless steel, 
consisting of load-bearing pieces and cross 
pieces, produced as standard grating or heavy-duty grating, in panel form, whether 
galvanized, painted, co ated, clad or plated 
(HS 7308.90.90) from China. Canada Border Services 
Agency Notice 4214-29 
AD/1389 (20 September 2010).   
Canada Initiation on 20 September 2010 of 
countervailing investig ation on imports of 
metal bar grating of carbon, alloy, or stainless 
steel, consisting of load-bearing pieces and 
cross pieces, produced as standard grating or heavy-duty grating, in panel form, whether 
galvanized, painted, co ated, clad or plated 
(HS 7308.90.90) from China. Canada Border Services 
Agency Notice 4218-28 
CV/126 (20 September 2010).   
Chile Initiation on 4 December 2009 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of wheat flour (HS 1101.00.00) from Argentina. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Provisional duty 
imposed on 8 July 2010. 
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
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Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Chile Termination on 26 January 2010 of safeguard 
duties (provisional) on imports of powdered 
milk and gouda cheese (HS 0402.10.00; 
0402.21.11; 0402.21.13; 0402.21.14; 0402.21.15; 0402.21.16; 0402.21.17; 
0402.21.18; 0402.29.11; 0402.29.12; 
0402.29.13; 0402.29.14; 0402.29.15; 0402.29.16; 0402.29.17; 0402.29.18; 
0406.90.10) (imposed on 10 October 2009). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/7/CHL/9/Suppl.1 of 
3 February 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Chile Initiation on 10 March 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of melamine resin panels (HS 4410.11.00)  from Austria. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
China Import ban on poultry and poultry products 
(HS 0105; 0207) from Spain, France (Deux-
sevres), and the UK (Hampshire). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
China Initiation on 6 November 2009 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of saloon 
cars and cross-country cars of a cylinder capacity of no less than 2,000 cc (HS 8703.23; 
8703.24; 8703.32; 8703.33; 8703.90) from the 
United States. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/CHN of 
19 March 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
China Initiation on 6 November 2009 of 
countervailing investig ation on imports of 
saloon cars and cross-country cars of a cylinder 
capacity of no less than 2,000 cc (HS 8703.23; 
8703.24; 8703.32; 8703.33; 8703.90) from the 
United States. WTO Documents 
G/SCM/N/212/CHN of 6 September 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
China Termination (expiry without review) on 
14 November 2009 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of monoethanolamine diethanolamine from Iran and Mexico (imposed on 14 November 2004).   WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/CHN of 
19 March 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
China Annual adjustment of the catalogue of items 
subject to automatic import licensing (ARF), which includes pork, chicken, vegetable oil, 
tobacco, paper, milk, minerals, chemicals, 
electrical products, and certain steel products. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
China Termination (expiry without  review) on 
30 November 2009 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of chloroform (HS 2903.13) from 
India (imposed on 30 November 2004).   WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/CHN of 
19 March 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
China Termination (expiry without review) on 
31 December 2009 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of dispersion unshifted single-model optical fiber (HS 9001.10) from the United 
States (imposed on 1 January 2005). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/CHN of 
19 March 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
China Reduction of applied MFN import tariffs on six 
tariff lines (HS 0810.10.00; 0812.90.00;  
2206.00.10; 2206.00.90; 4104.19.11; 5512.11.00) including fresh strawberries, 
fermented beverages,  woven fabrics of 
synthetic staple fibres, hides and skins, as from 
1 January 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
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Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
China Elimination of export duties on 17 tariff lines 
(HS 2508.30.00; 2606.00.00; 2620.40.00; 
2818.10.10; 2826.12.10; 2827.10.10; 
2827.10.90; 2834.21.90; 7202.99.11; 7216.10.10; 7216.10.20; 7216.10.90; 
7216.21.00; 7216.22.00; 7216.50.10; 
7216.50.90; 7216.99.00) including clays, aluminium ores, chemicals, ferro-alloys, as 
from 1 January 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
China Reduction of interim export duty rates on 
21 tariff lines (HS 2809.20.19; 2814.10.00; 
2814.20.00; 2834.21.10; 3102.10.00; 
3102.40.00; 3102.50.00; 3102.60.00; 3102.80.00; 3102.90.10; 3102.90.90; 
3103.10.10; 3103.10.90; 3103.90.00; 
3105.10.00; 3105.30.00; 3105.40.00; 3105.51.00; 3105.59.00; 3105.60.00; 
3105.90.00) including products such as 
chemicals and fertilizers, as from 
1 January 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
China Temporary increase of "interim" import tariffs 
on fuel oil (to 3%), and jet fuel (to 6%), but 
below their respective binding levels of 6% 
and 9%.  Permanent Delegation of China 
to the WTO (27 October 2010) 
and WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
China Initiation on 22 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of dispersion 
unshifted single-mode optical fibre (HS 9001.10) from the EU and the United States. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/CHN of 
1 October 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
China Initiation on 22 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of caprolactam (HS 2933.71) from the EU and the United States.  WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/CHN of 1 October 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
China Import ban on poultry products (HS 0207) 
from Pennsylvania and Texas (USA) 
(15 January 2010), and Bhutan 
(12 March 2010), due to low pathogenic avian 
influenza.  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
China Elimination of import restrictions due to 
A(H1N1) Flu on swine and swine products 
from Canada on 1 December 2009, and for all 
countries, as from 23 February 2010.  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
China Elimination of import re strictions due to Bird 
Flu from Chile and Thailand on 23 and 
30 December 2009 respectively, and from 
Belgium on 15 April 2010.  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
China Promulgation of the 2009 National Indigenous 
Innovation Products Accreditation 
Programme"  on 15 November 2009, which 
reportedly extended preferences for government procurement purposes only to 
products whose intellectual property is owned 
and originally trademarked in China (products covered include computers, communications 
devices, software, and new energy products). 
The Chinese authorities clarified that the 
Notice is only an invitation for application so 
that the applicants may  have their products 
accredited as national i ndigenous innovation 
products. The Notice is not linked to government procurement regulations. Permanent Delegation of China 
to the WTO (27 October 2010) 
and WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Revised draft criteria 
presented in May 2010, 
under which products by 
local and foreign firms 
will be treated equally. 
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
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Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
China Customs rules adjusted to streamline 
administration of imports and exports of 
samples and advertising articles, as from 
1 July 2010.  Permanent Delegation of China 
to the WTO (27 October 2010) 
and WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
China Import ban on Canadian boneless beef from 
cattle under 30 months lifted  conditionally, 
from 2 July 2010.  Permanent Delegation of China 
to the WTO (27 October 2010).   
China Elimination of VAT rebate on exports of 
certain products such as steel, starch, ethanol 
and semi-finished copper products, from 
15 July 2010. Permanent Delegation of China 
to the WTO (27 October 2010). 
  
China Initiation on 30 August 201 0 of countervailing 
investigation on imports of potato starch 
(HS 1108.13.00) from the EU. Permanent Delegation of China 
to the WTO (27 October 2010).   
China Multi-Level Protection Scheme regulating the 
use of computer security products in 
information systems related to national 
security. Permanent Delegation of China 
to the WTO (27 October 2010).   
China Reduction of export quotas (from 34,000 
tonnes for 2009 to 24,000 tonnes for the whole of 2010) on  "rare earth" minerals. Press 
reports indicated that export quotas were 
reduced by 72% for the second half of 2010. Permanent Delegation of China 
to the WTO (27 October 2010).   
Colombia Termination on 23 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of bars and rods of 
drawn low carbon steel (HS 7213.91.10; 
7213.91.90) from Brazil and Mexico (initiated 
on 25 January 2010). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/COL of 3 September 2010.   
Colombia Termination on 23 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of bars and rods of 
low carbon boron-alloy steel (HS 7227.90.00) 
from Brazil  (initiated on 25 January 2010). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/COL of 
3 September 2010.   
Colombia Termination (without measure) on 7 July 2010 
of anti-dumping investigation on imports of 
blenders (HS 8509.40.10) from China  
(initiated on 23 October 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Colombia to the WTO 
(27 October 2010) and WTO Document G/ADP/N/202/COL of 6 April 2010.   
Colombia Termination (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of strips of 
rubber for retreading tyres (HS 4012.90.41) from Brazil  (initiated on 19 January 2009). Permanent Delegation of 
Colombia to the WTO (27 October 2010) and WTO 
Document G/ADP/N/195/COL 
of 3 September 2010.   
Costa Rica New law (Ley de Reforma al Régimen de 
Zonas Francas) adopted on 22 January 2010, reforming the free trade zone regime, and 
amending certain income tax issues. 
In May 2010, a Decree concerning the new legislation was issued. This instrument aims to 
create a committee to determine the "strategic 
sectors" to be prioritized  in Costa Rica for the 
granting of benefits offered under the free trade 
zone regime. In June 2010, a Decree regulating 
the Free Zone Act entered into force. Law No. 8794 and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.   
Dominican Republic Termination (without measure) on 
26 November 2009 of safeguard investigation 
on imports of toilet paper (HS 4818.10.00) 
(initiated on 12 October 2009). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/6/DOM/2 of 
30 October 2009, 
G/SG/N/9/DOM/1 of 13 January 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.   
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Dominican Republic Initiation on 17 December 2009 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of polypropylene bags 
and tubular fabric (HS 5407.20.20; 6305.33.10; 
6305.33.90). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/6/DOM/3 of 
14 January 2010, 
G/SG/N/11/DOM/1 of 6 April 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Provisional duty 
imposed on 1 April 2010. 
Dominican Republic Termination (without measure) on 
19 May 2010 of safeguard investigation on 
imports of toilet paper (HS 4818.10.00) 
(initiated on 19 January 2010).  WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/6/DOM/4 of 
21 January 2010 and G/SG/N/9/DOM/3 of 27 May 2010.   
Dominican Republic Termination (without measure) on 
2 February 2010 of safe guard investigation on 
imports of  glass bottles (HS 7010.90.20; 7010.90.40) (initiate d on 15 April 2009). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/9/DOM/2 of 2 March 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Dominican Republic Initiation on 2 March 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of  certain socks and other hosiery (HS 6115.95.00; 6115.96.20). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/6/DOM/5 of 
10 March 2010 and 
G/SG/N/7/DOM/2 of 
20 May 2010. Provisional duty 
imposed on 20 May 2010. 
Dominican Republic Initiation on 5 April 2010 of safeguard 
investigation (China specific) on imports of  
ceramic sinks, wash basins, wash basin 
pedestals, baths, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, urinals and similar sanitary 
fixtures of porcelain or china (HS 6910.10.10; 
6910.10.30). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/16/DOM/1 of 
8 April 2010 and 
G/SG/N/16/DOM/1/Suppl.2 of 
16 June 2010. Provisional duty 
imposed on 15 June 2010. 
Ecuador Gradual phasing out of all import surcharges 
introduced as BOP measure (introduced on 
22 January 2009). Reduction by 10% of import 
surcharges introduced on all products on 23 January 2010, and add itional reduction by 
30% on 28 May 2010.   WTO Documents 
WT/BOP/N/75 of 
23 February 2010, 
WT/BOP/N/76 of 3 June 2010, WT/BOP/N/77 of 27 July 2010, 
WT/BOP/G/20 of 30 July 2010, 
and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.  Elimination of all tariff 
surcharges and quota 
shares introduced as 
BOP safeguards, from 
23 July 2010. 
Ecuador Initiation on 19 April 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of laminated safety 
glass, of size and shape suitable for incorporation in vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft or vessels (HS 7007.21.00). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/6/ECU/8 of 
26 April 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Ecuador Introduction of a compound tariff for imports 
of footwear (US$6/pair plus 10%), and clothing and textiles (US$5.5/kg plus 10%) (HS 61; 62; 63).   Decreto Ejecutivos Nos. 367 
and 372 and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective 1 June 2010. 
Ecuador Initiation on 31 August 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of bi-axially oriented 
polyppropylene (BOPP) film (HS 3920.20.10; 
3920.20.90) from Chile and Oman. Permanent Delegation of 
Ecuador to the WTO 
(20 October 2010).   
Egypt Initiation on 24 December 2009 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of plastic 
containers (boxes) PET (HS 3923.10) from 
Italy. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/EGY of 
25 January 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Egypt Extension of the temporary elimination of 
import tariffs on raw sugar (HS 1701.11; 1701.12) until 31 December 2010 (decision originally implemented on 15 August 2009).  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Egypt Suspension of the elimin ation of import tariffs 
on refined sugar (HS 1701.91; 1701.99), from 
31 March 2010 until 31 December 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
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El Salvador Revised legislation modifying the tax treatment 
of alcoholic beverages setting different taxes 
for selected products, effective 
4 October 2010. Implementing Decree No. 462 
(23 September 2010).   
EU Termination on 18 March 2010 of anti-
dumping duties on imports of polyester staple 
fibres (HS 5503.20.00) from China, Korea, and 
Saudi Arabia (imposed on 10 March 2005). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 
5 October 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
EU Export refunds for milk and milk products.  Commission Regulations Nos. 
1056/2009 (5 November 2009) and 1113/2009 
(19 November 2009), and 
WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. No longer applicable 
19 November 2009. 
EU Initiation on 17 December 2009 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of certain continuous filament glass fibre products (HS 7019.11; 7019.12; 7019.19; 7019.31) from China. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 5 October 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
EU Renewal of the prior surveillance system on 
steel imports (first established in 2002) until 31 December 2012.  Product coverage has 
been updated and now also includes flat 
stainless steel products and large welded tubes 
(HS chapters 72 and 73). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
EU Initiation on 22 December 2009 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of purified 
terephthalic acid and its salts of a purity by weight of 99.5% or more (HS 2917.36.00) from Thailand. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 
5 October 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
EU Initiation on 22 December 2009 of 
countervailing investig ation on imports of 
purified terephthalic acid and its salts of a 
purity by weight of 99.5% or more 
(HS 2917.36.00) from Thailand. WTO Document 
G/SCM/N/212/EEC of 
11 October 2010.    
EU Termination (repealed after interim review no-
dumping) on 30 December 2009 of anti-
dumping duties on imports of ferro-silicon  
(HS 7202.21.00; 7202.29.20; 7202.29.90) from the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (imposed on 28 February 2008). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/EEC of 
31 March  2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
EU Establishment of an additional quantitative 
limit (500,000 tonnes) for the exports of out-of-quota white sugar (HS 1701.99) without refund in respect of marketing year 2009-10. Quota fully allocated by 22 February 2010. Commission Regulation 
No. 94/2010 (3 February 2010) and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Expiration date 
30 June 2010. 
EU Initiation on 17 February 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of zeolite A powder (HS 2842.10.00) from Bosnia and Herzegovina. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 5 October 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
EU Initiation on 17 February 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of melamine (HS 2933.61.00) from China. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 
5 October 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
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EU Initiation on 18 February 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of coated fine paper, 
which is paper or paperboard coated on one or 
both sides (excluding Kraft paper or Kraft paperboard), in either sheets or rolls, and with 
a weight of 70g/m
2 or more but not exceeding 
400g/m2 and brightness of more than 84 
(HS 4810.13.20; 4810.13.80; 4810.14.20; 4810.14.80; 4810.19.10; 4810.19.90; 
4810.22.10; 4810.22.90; 4810.29.30; 
4810.29.80; 4810.92.10; 4810.92.30; 4810.92.90; 4810.99.10; 4810.99.30; 4810.99.90) from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 5 October 2010.   
EU Termination (without measure) on 
25 February 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on ring-binder mechanisms (HS 8305.10.00) from Thailand (initiated on 17 December 2008). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 
5 October 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
EU Termination on 5 March 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties (definitive) on imports of polyester staple fibres (HS 5503.20) from Korea 
(imposed on 28 December 2000).   WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 
5 October 2010.   
EU Termination on 17 March 2010 of anti-
dumping duties (definitive) on imports of 
polyester staple fibres (HS 5503.20) from 
Saudi Arabia (imposed on 17 March 2005).   WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 
5 October 2010.   
EU Termination on 21 March 2010 of anti-
dumping duties on imports of reciprocating 
compressors (excluding reciprocating compressor pumps), giving a flow not 
exceeding 2 m
3 per minute (HS 8414.40; 
8414.80) from China (imposed on 
18 March 2008). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 
5 October 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
EU Initiation on 1 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of stainless steel bars 
and rods, not further worked than cold-formed or cold-finished, other than bars and rods of 
circular cross-section of a diameter of 80 mm 
or more (HS 7222.20.21; 7222.20.29; 7222.20.31; 7222.20.39; 7222.20.81; 7222.20.89) from India. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 
5 October 2010.   
EU Initiation on 1 April 2010 of countervailing 
investigation on imports of stainless steel bars and rods, not further worked than cold-formed 
or cold-finished, other than bars and rods of 
circular cross-section of a diameter of 80 mm or more (HS 7222.20.21; 7222.20.29; 7222.20.31; 7222.20.39; 7222.20.81; 7222.20.89) from India. WTO Documents 
G/SCM/N/212/EEC of 11 October 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
EU Initiation on 17 April 2010 of countervailing 
investigation on imports of coated fine paper, which is paper or paperboard coated on one or 
both sides (excluding Kraft paper or Kraft 
paperboard), in either sheets or rolls, and with a weight of 70g/m
2 or more but not exceeding 
400g/m2 and brightness of more than 84 
(HS 4810.13.20; 4810.13.80; 4810.14.20; 4810.14.80; 4810.19.10; 4810.19.90; 
4810.22.10; 4810.22.90; 4810.29.30; 
4810.29.80; 4810.92.10; 4810.92.30; 4810.92.90; 4810.99.10; 4810.99.30; 4810.99.90) from China. WTO Documents 
G/SCM/N/212/EEC of 11 October 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
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EU Termination on 11 May 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of steel ropes and 
cables, including locked coil ropes, excluding 
ropes and cables of stainless steel, with a maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeding 
3 mm (SWR)  (HS 7312.10.81; 7312.10.83; 
7312.10.85; 7312.10.89; 7312.10.98) from Korea (initiated on  11 August 2009) (possible circumvention of anti-dumping measures imposed in 2005). EU Regulation No. 400/2010 
(26 April 2010) and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.   
EU Initiation on 20 May 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of ring-binder 
mechanisms which consist of at least two steel sheets or wires with at least four half-rings 
made of steel wire fixed on them and which are 
kept together by a steel cover (HS 8305.10.00) 
from Thailand. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 
5 October 2010.   
EU Initiation on 20 May 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of open mesh fabrics 
made of glass fibres, with a cell size of more than 1.8 mm both in length and in width and weighing more than 35 g/m
2 (HS 7019.40.00; 
7019.51.00; 7019.59.00; 7019.90.91; 
7019.90.99) from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 
5 October 2010.   
EU Termination on 26 May 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties on imports of  magnesium oxide, 
namely natural caustic calcined magnesite 
(HS 2519.90.90)  from China (imposed on 
25 May 2005). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 5 October 2010.   
EU Initiation on 19 June 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  glazed and 
unglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles; glazed and unglazed ceramic mosaic 
cubes and the like, whether or not on a backing 
(HS 6907.10.00; 6907.90.10; 6907.90.91; 6907.90.93; 6907.90.99; 6908.10.10; 
6908.10.90; 6908.90.11; 6908.90.21; 
6908.90.29; 6908.90.31; 6908.90.51; 6908.90.91; 6908.90.93; 6908.90.99) from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 
5 October 2010.   
EU Initiation on 30 June 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  wireless wide area networking (WWAN) modems with a radio 
antenna and providing Internet Protocol (IP) 
data connectivity for computing devices and including Wi-Fi routers comprising a WWAN modem (WWAN/Wi-Fi routers) (HS 8471.80.00; 8517.62.00) from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 
5 October 2010.   
EU Initiation on 30 June 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of  wireless wide area networking (WWAN) modems with a radio 
antenna and providing Internet Protocol (IP) 
data connectivity for computing devices and including Wi-Fi routers comprising a WWAN 
modem (WWAN/Wi-Fi routers) 
(HS 8471.80.00; 8517.62.00). Commission Notice 2010/C 
171/07 and Commission Regulations No. 570/2010 
(30 June 2010) and 811/2010 
(15 September 2010).   
EU Termination (without measure) on 
15 July 2010 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of certain stainless steel fasteners and 
parts thereof (HS 7318.12.10; 7318.14.10; 7318.15.30; 7318.15.51; 7318.15.61; 
7318.15.70) from India a nd Malaysia (initiated 
on 13 November 2009). Commission Decision 
2010/392/EU (14 July 2010).   
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EU Termination (without measure) on 
15 July 2010 of countervailing investigation on 
imports of certain stainless steel fasteners and 
parts thereof (HS 7318.12.10; 7318.14.10; 7318.15.30; 7318.15.51; 7318.15.61; 
7318.15.70) from India a nd Malaysia (initiated 
on 13 August 2009). Commission Decision 
(2010/393/EU) (14 July 2010).   
EU Termination on 15 July 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties on imports of  bicycles and other cycles 
(including delivery tricycles, but excluding unicycles) not motorized (HS 8712.00.10; 
8712.00.30; 8712.00.80)  from Viet Nam 
(imposed on 12 July 2005). Commission Notice 2010/C 
188/06 (13 July 2010).   
EU Initiation on 23 July 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of Tris (2-chloro-1-
methylethyl) phosphate "TCPP" 
(HS 2919.90.00) from China. Commission Notice (2010/C 
201/05) (23 July 2010).   
EU Initiation on 11 August 201 0 of countervailing 
investigation on imports of "biodiesel" -  fatty-
acid mono-alkyl esters and/or paraffinic gasoil 
obtained from synthesis and/or hydro-treatment, of non-fossil origin, in pure form or in a blend containing by weight more than 20% 
of fatty-acid mono-alkyl esters and/or 
paraffinic gasoil obtained from synthesis and/or hydro-treatment, of non-fossil origin 
(HS 1516.20.98; 1518.00.91; 1518.00.99; 
2710.19.41; 3824.90.91; 3824.90.97) from Canada and Singapore ( possible circumvention 
of countervailing measures of imports from the 
United States imposed in 2009). Commission Regulation 
No. 721/2010 (11 August 2010).   
EU Initiation on 13 August 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of "biodiesel" -  fatty-
acid mono-alkyl esters and/or paraffinic gasoil 
obtained from synthesis and/or hydro-treatment, of non-fossil origin, in pure form or 
in a blend containing by weight more than 20% 
of fatty-acid mono-alkyl esters and/or paraffinic gasoil obtained from synthesis 
and/or hydro-treatment, of non-fossil origin 
(HS 1516.20.98; 1518.00.91; 1518.00.99; 2710.19.41; 3824.90.91; 3824.90.97) from 
Canada and Singapore ( possible circumvention 
of anti-dumping measures of imports from the 
United States imposed in 2009). Commission Regulation No. 
720/2010 (11 August  2010).   
EU Initiation on 13 August 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of saturated fatty 
alcohols with a carbon chain length of C8, 
C10, C12, C14, C16 or C18 (not including branched isomers) including single saturated 
fatty alcohols (also referred to as "single cuts") 
and blends predominantly containing a combination of carbon chain length C6-C8, 
C6-C10, C8-C10, C10-C12 (commonly 
categorized as C8-C10), blends predominantly containing a combination of carbon chain 
lengths C12-C14, C12-C16, C12-C18, C14-
C16 (commonly categorized as C12-C14) and blends predominantly containing a 
combination of carbon chain length C16-C18 
(HS 2905.16.85; 2905.17.00; 2905.19.00; 3823.70.00) from India, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Commission Notice (2010/C 
219/05) (13 August  2010).   
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EU Initiation on 19 August 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  plastic sacks and 
bags, containing at least 20% by weight of 
polyethylene and of sheeting of a thickness not exceeding 100 micrometers (HS 3923.21.00; 
3923.29.10; 3923.29.90) from China (possible 
circumvention of anti-dumping measures imposed in 2006 - Xiamen Xingxia Polymers 
Co. Ltd.). Commission Regulation No. 
748/2010 (19 August  2010).   
EU Termination on 28 August 2010 of anti-
dumping duties on imports of grain oriented 
flat-rolled products of silicon-electrical steel 
"GOES" of all widths (HS 7225.11.00; 7226.11.00) from the United States (imposed on  27 August 2005). Commission Notice 2010/C 
230/21 (26 August 2010).   
EU Initiation on 16 September 2010 of 
countervailing investigation on imports of  wireless wide area networking (WWAN) 
modems with a radio antenna and providing 
Internet Protocol (IP) data connectivity for computing devices and including Wi-Fi routers comprising a WWAN modem (WWAN/Wi-Fi 
routers) (HS 8471.80.00; 8517.62.00) from 
China. Commission Notice 2010/C 
249/08 (16 September 2010).   
EU Termination on 17 September 2010 of anti-
dumping duties on imports of woven fabrics of 
synthetic filament yarn containing 85% or 
more by weight of textured and/or non-textured polyester filament, dyed (including 
dyed white) or printed (HS 5407.51.00; 
5407.52.00; 5407.54.00; 5407.61.10; 5407.61.30; 5407.61.90; 5407.69.10; 
5407.69.90) from China (imposed on 
12 September 2005). Commission Notices Nos. 
2010/C 104/07 (23 April 2010) 
and 2010/C 248/06 
(15 September 2010).   
EU Termination (without measure) on 
29 September 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of certain 
polyethylene terephthalate (HS 3907.60.20) (PET) from Iran, Pakistan, and the United Arab Emirates (initiated on 3 September 2009). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/EEC of 
5 October 2010, EU Regulation 
No. 472/2010 (31 May 2010)  
and Commission Decision 
(2010/577/EU) 
(28 September 2010).   
EU Initiation on 30 September 2010 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of  certain 
seamless pipes and tubes of stainless steel, 
other than with attach ed fittings suitable for 
conducting gases or liquids for use in civil aircraft (HS 7304.11.00; 7304.22.00; 
7304.24.00; 7304.41.00; 7304.49.10; 
7304.49.93; 7304.49.95; 7304.49.99; 
7304.90.00) from China. Commission Notice 2010/C 
265/09 (30 September 2010).   
EU Termination on 8 October 2010 of anti-
dumping duties on imports of  
trichloroisocyanuric acid and preparations "symclosene" (HS 2933.69.80; 3808.94.20) 
from the United States (imposed on 
3 October 2005). Commission Notice 2010/C 
271/28 (7 October 2010).   
Honduras Initiation on 2 July 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of paint 
(HS 3208.10.90; 3208.20.90; 3208.90.10; 
3208.90.91; 3209.10.90; 3209.90.10) from 
El Salvador, Guatemala, and the United States.  Permanent Delegation of 
Honduras to the WTO (19 October 2010).   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
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Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
India Initiation on 3 November 2009 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of polymers 
of vinyl chloride or of other halogenated 
olefins in primary forms (HS 3904.22.10) from China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Russia, Chinese Taipei, and Thailand. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/IND of 
28 April 2010 and  
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Termination (without measure) on 
4 November 2009 of safe guard investigation 
on imports of oxo alcohols (HS 2905; 2912) 
(initiated on 16 January 2009). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/9/IND/4 of 
5 November 2009 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Initiation on 5 November 2009 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of sodium 
tripoly phosphate (STPP) (HS 2835.31.00) 
from China. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/IND of 
28 April 2010 and  WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
India Termination (without measure) on 
5 November 2009 of safe guard investigation 
on imports of uncoated paper and copy paper 
(HS 4802) (initiated on 20 April 2009). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/9/IND/8 of 4 December 2009 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Termination (without measure) on 
6 November 2009 of safe guard investigation 
on imports of unwrought aluminium, 
aluminium waste and aluminium scraps 
whether or not alloyed (HS 7601; 7602) 
(initiated on 22 May 2009).  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010   
India Termination (without measure) on 
13 November 2009 of safeguard investigation 
on imports of coated paper and paper board 
(HS 4810) (initiated on 20 April 2009). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/9/IND/9 of 
4 December 2009 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.    
India Termination (without measure) on 
18 November 2009 of safeguard investigation on imports of linear alkyl benzene-LAB (HS 3817.00.11) (initiate d on 6 January 2009). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/9/IND/6 of 1 December 2009 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Termination (without measure) on 
24 November 2009 of safeguard investigation 
on imports of plain pa rticle board (HS 4410) 
(initiated on 22 April 2009). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/9/IND/7 of 
1 December 2009 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Termination (without measure) on 
8 December 2009  of safeguard investigation on 
imports of hot-rolled coils, sheet, strips 
(HS 7208) (initiated on 9 April 2009). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/9/IND/5 of 
23 November 2009 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Increase of export tax on iron ore fines 
(HS 2601.11.30; 2601.11.40) (from zero to 
5%), and on iron ore lumps and pellets (HS 2601.11.10; 2601.11.20) (from 5% to 10%). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective 
24 December 2009.  
India Initiation on 8 January 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  glass fibre and articles thereof, including glass rovings, glass 
chopped strands, glass chopped strands mats 
(HS 7019) from China. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/IND of 23 September 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
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Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
India Initiation on 12 January 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of seamless tubes, 
pipes & hollow profiles of iron, alloy or non-
alloy steel (other than cast iron), whether hot finished or cold drawn or cold rolled, of an 
external diameter not exceeding 273 mm or 
10" (HS 7304) from China. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/IND of 
23 September 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Termination (application withdrawn) on 
12 January 2010 of countervailing 
investigation on imports of sodium nitrate (HS 2834.10.10) from China (initiated on 14 January 2009). WTO Documents 
G/SCM/N/203/IND of 
26 April 2010 and G/SCM/N/212/IND of 6 September 2010.   
India Transfer of electrical energy (HS 2716.00.00) 
to the restricted list. Imposition of import 
licensing requirement for this item. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Increase of the purchase price for domestic 
wheat (HS 1001) from Rs 1,080/quintal 
(US$23.1/quintal) for 2008-09 to Rs 1,100/quintal (US$23.6/quintal) for 2009-10. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Temporary reduction of import tariffs (to zero) 
for refined sugar (HS 1701.91.00; 1701.99.90) 
(until 31 December 2010).   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Initiation on 1 February 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  PVC flex films 
(HS 3918.10.90; 3918.90.90; 3919.90.90; 
3920.10.12; 3920.10.19; 3920.49.00; 3921.90.26; 3921.90.29; 3926.90.80; 3926.90.99) from China. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/IND of 
23 September 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Suspension of export prohibition on wheat and 
wheat products (HS 1001.10; 1001.10.90; 1001.90; 1001.90.20; 1001.90.39) (imposed as 
of 8 October 2007)  for the export of 50,000 
MT to Nepal through Food Corporation of 
India.   Ministry of Commerce and 
Industry Notification No. 29/2009-2014 
(9 February 2010) and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.   
India Amendment to the Import Licensing Note No. 
2(II)(d) under Chapter 87 restricting entry 
points for imports of new vehicles to nine 
seaports and international airports. Ministry of Commerce and 
Industry Notification No. 
30/2009-2014 (10 February 2010) and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010. Three new entry points 
for clearance added. 
India Initiation on 10 February 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  polypropylene 
"homo-polymers and co-polymers of 
propylene" (HS 3902.10.00; 3902.30.00) from 
Korea, Chinese Taipei, and the United States. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/IND of 
23 September 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Initiation on 12 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of hot rolled flat 
products of stainless steel of ASTM Grade 304 
with all its variants (HS 7219.11; 7219.12; 7219.13; 7219.14; 7219.21; 7219.22; 7219.23; 
7219.24; 7220.11; 7220.12)  from the EU, 
Korea, South Africa, Chinese Taipei, and the 
United States.  WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/IND of 
23 September 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Termination (duty lapsed) on 13 April 2010 of 
anti-dumping duties on imports of  thermal 
sensitive paper-III (HS 4809.10) from Indonesia, Malaysia, and the United Arab Emirates (imposed on 13 April 2005).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/IND of 
23 September 2010.    
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 83 
 
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
India Initiation on 16 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of azodicarbonamide 
(ADC) "blowing agent or foaming agent" 
(HS 2927.00.90; 2942.00.90; 3812.00.89)  
from China.  WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/IND of 
23 September 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India On 29 April 2010 the export duty rate on iron 
ore lumps (HS 2601.11.10; 2601.11.20) was 
further increased from 10% to 15%. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Elimination of the foreign commission 
concession (12.5%) which was included in the 
calculation of the minimum export price (MEP) for basmati rice (HS 1006.30.20), reducing its export floor price.   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. 
  
India Suspension of import tariffs on semi-milled or 
wholly milled-rice (HS 1006.30), until 
30 September 2010.  Permanent Delegation of India 
to the WTO (1 November 2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010. The measure was 
extended until 
30 September 2011. 
India Elimination of export ban of organic non-
basmati rice (HS 1006.10.90; 1006.20.00; 1006.30.10; 1006.30.90; 1006.40.00) and 
wheat (HS 1001). Rice exports limited to 
10,000 tonnes/year, and wheat exports to 
5,000 tonnes/year.  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. 
  
India Withdrawal of hot rolled coils, including 
seamless tubes/pipes, parts and accessories of 
motor vehicles (HS 7208), and carbon black 
(HS 2803.00.10) from the import restricted list. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. 
  
India Imposition of new measures for cotton yarn 
sector such as (i) su spension of the DEPB 
(7.67%) benefit available for cotton yarn exports; (ii) suspension of duty drawback 
scheme for cotton yarn exports (as from 
29 April 2010); and (iii) m echanism to register 
cotton yarn exporters.  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. The DEPB was 
suspended on 
21 April 2010.  
India Re-imposition of a duty on exports of raw 
cotton and yarn on 9 April 2010. Permanent Delegation of India 
to the WTO 
(1 November 2010) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Duty withdrawn on 
1 October 2010. 
India Concessional import tariff rate (5%)  for 
certain agricultural m achineries (i.e. paddy 
transplanter; laser land leveller; reaper-cum-blinder; sugarcane harvester; straw or fodder balers; cotton picker) not locally manufactured.  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Elimination of import tariffs for refrigeration 
units ("air conditioners") used for the 
production of refrigerated vans or trucks. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective 
27 February 2010. 
India Notice from the Department of 
Telecommunications requesting local satellite-
based communications services providers to obtain security clearance (30 working day) 
before importing comm unication equipments, 
for national security purposes. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Reduction and elimination  of import tariffs on 
selected products (polymer, inputs for 
orthopaedic implants (to zero), rhodium (to 
2%), gold ore, raw materials, long pepper (from 70% to 30%), asafoetida (from 30% to 20%) under the Union Budget 2010-11.  Permanent Delegation of India 
to the WTO 
(1 November 2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 84  
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
India Import ban on dairy products including 
chocolates (HS 0401; 040 2; 0403; 0404; 0405; 
0406; 1806).  Permanent Delegation of India 
to the WTO 
(1 November 2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010. The ban was extended 
until 23 December 2010. 
India Initiation on 20 May 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of sewing machines 
needles (HS 8452.30)  from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/IND of 
23 September 2010.    
India Initiation on 31 May 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of sodium hydroxide 
"caustic soda" (HS 2815.11; 2815.12)  from 
Norway, Chinese Taipei, and Thailand.  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/IND of 
23 September 2010.    
India Termination (duty lapsed) on 7 June 2010 of 
anti-dumping duties on imports of  
acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)-IV (HS 4002.59.00)  from Brazil, the EU 
(excluding Germany), and Mexico (imposed 
on 7 June 2005).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/IND of 
23 September 2010.    
India Initiation on 8 June 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports  of paranitroaniline 
(PNA) "4-nitroaniline, 1-amino-4-
nitrobenzene, or p-nitrophenylamine" 
(HS 2921.42.26)  from China.  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/IND of 
23 September 2010.    
India Deregulation of oil prices, reducing 
government subsidies, in order to reduce budget deficit. Permanent Delegation of India 
to the WTO (Statement at TPRB Meeting 8 July 2010). 
  
India Initiation on 16 August 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of cold rolled flat products of stainless steel of 400 series having 
a width of less than 600 mm including all 
ferritic and martensitic grades excluding razor blades steel (HS 7220.20.10; 7220.20.21; 
7220.20.22; 7220.20.29; 7220.20.90; 
7220.90.10; 7220.90.21; 7220.90.22; 7220.90.29; 7220.90.90)  from EU, Korea, and the United States.  Notification No. 14/19/2010-
DGAD Ministry of Commerce & Industry - Department of Commerce (16 August 2010).   
India Initiation on 16 August 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of cold rolled flat products of stainless steel of 200 series having 
a width of less than 600 mm including all 
austenitic grades having nickel content of less than 6% (HS 7220.20.10; 7220.20.21; 
7220.20.22; 7220.20.29; 7220.20.90; 
7220.90.10; 7220.90.21; 7220.90.22; 7220.90.29; 7220.90.90)  from China, United 
Arab Emirates, and the United States.  Notification No. 14/21/2010-
DGAD Ministry of Commerce & Industry - Department of Commerce (16 August 2010).   
India Initiation on 20 August 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of soda ash "disodium 
carbonate" (Na2CO3) (HS 2836.20)  from China, EU, Iran, Kenya, Pakistan, Ukraine, and the United States.  Notification No. 14/17/2010-
DGAD Ministry of Commerce 
& Industry - Department of 
Commerce (20 August 2010).   
India Initiation on 26 August 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of opal glassware of all types (HS 7013)  from China and the United Arab Emirates.  Notification No. 14/24/2010-
DGAD Ministry of Commerce & Industry - Department of Commerce (26 August 2010).   
India Removal in July 2010 of import licensing 
requirements for certain steel products and 
auto parts. Permanent Delegation of India 
to the WTO 
(1 November 2010).    
India Extension of the export ban on edible oils until 
30 September 2010. Permanent Delegation of India 
to the WTO 
(1 November 2010).  The ban was extended 
until 30 September 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 85 
 
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
India Temporary import ban on toys from China, 
implemented in January 2009. Permanent Delegation of India 
to the WTO (1 November 2010).  The ban was lifted on 
27 January 2010. 
India "Duty Entitlement Passbook Scheme". 
Extension of financial export incentives (tax 
rebates) until 30 June 2011 (the scheme was 
supposed to expire on 31 December 2010). Support benefits mainly the  textiles, leather and jute sectors.  Permanent Delegation of India 
to the WTO (1 November 2010).  
  
Indonesia New Decree to protect human health and 
public moral, stipulating that imports, 
distribution and selling of alcohol can only be 
made through companies owned by Indonesian citizens which are situated in Indonesia, as from 1 January 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Indonesia Regulation requiring local and foreign bidders 
for energy service contracts to use a minimum 
of 35% domestic content in their operations. Regulation PTK No. 007 
Revisi-1/PTK/IX/2009 and WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Indonesia New Decree prioritizing the supply of mineral 
coal to domestic needs, in order to manage and prevent shortages, as from 31 December 2009.  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Indonesia Implementation of trade facilitation measures 
such as duty exemption for imports of machines, goods and materials for the 
establishment and development of industries 
for investment, as from 16 November 2009. The exemption is granted only if products are: (i) not yet produced domestically; (ii) produced 
domestically but not fulfil the required 
specifications; and (iii) produced domestically 
but not sufficient for the industries' needs.  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Indonesia New import license regime implementing two 
different types of licenses. A general import 
license (API-U) for the imports for third parties, and a producer import license (API-I) 
for imports for own consumption and/or to be 
utilized in the production process.  The Decree aims to increase business certainty and expedite services. Decree No. 45/M-
DAG/PER/9/2009 and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010. Implemented 
1 January 2010. 
Indonesia Initiation on 19 January 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of wire of iron/non-alloy steel, not plated /coated, containing 
carbon less than 0.25% by weight 
(HS 7217.10.10). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/6/IDN/7 of 5 February 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Indonesia Initiation on 19 January 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of  wire of iron/non-alloy steel, plated with zinc (HS 7217.20.10). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/6/IDN/8 of 
5 February 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Indonesia New Decree on textiles and textile products 
removing overlapping tariff lines and 
stipulating certain import conditions (prevent 
misuse and/or manipula tion in bonded zone), 
as from 26 January 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Indonesia Initiation on 5 February 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of  stranded wire, 
ropes and cables for locked coil, flattened strands and non-rotating wire ropes (HS 7312.10.10). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IDN/9 of 
18 February 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 86  
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Indonesia Elimination of import ban due to A(H1N1) 
Flu, as from 11 February 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Indonesia Initiation on 31 March 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of hot rolled plate 
(HS 7208.51.00)  from China, Singapore, and 
Ukraine.  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/IDN of 21 October 2010.   
Indonesia Import surveillance mechanism for certain 
products such as machines, machines 
equipments (HS 8428.33.90; 8443.19.00; 
8477.10.39; 8477.90.39; 8480.71.00; 8480.79.00; 9010.50.90), raw materials 
(HS 3907.40.00), blank optical discs, and 
loaded optical discs (HS 8523.40), for IPR "protection/reinforcement" purposes, as from 15 March 2010.  Decree No. 11/M-
DAG/PER/3/2010 and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.   
Indonesia Trade facilitation measure related to the 
provision of importer's identification number 
(API), as from 29 March 2010.  Decree No. 17/M-
DAG/PER/3/2010 and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Indonesia Initiation on 30 April 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of  stranded wire, 
ropes and cables, excluding locked coil, flattened strands and non-rotating wire ropes; 
platted or coated with brass, and of a nominal 
diameter not exceeding 3 mm;  and stranded wire of diameter of less than 3 mm (HS 7312.10.90). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/6/IDN/10 of 
21 May 2010 and  WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Indonesia Termination (without measure) on 
14 June 2010 of safeguard investigation on imports of aluminium foil food 
container/aluminium tray and plain lid 
(HS 7612.90.90) (initiated on 
19 January 2010). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/9/IDN/3 of 
9 July 2010.   
Indonesia Additional requirements on imports of 
cosmetic and traditional herbal medicines 
(HS 2106.90; 3301.29; 3301.90; 3303; 3304; 3305; 3306; 3307; 3401; 8539.31.90). 
Amendment to the Decree incorporating 
41 additional tariff lines,  comprising of 7 traditional and herbal medicines; 33 cosmetic products; and 1 electronic product. Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO 
(11 October 2010) and Decrees No. 23/M-DAG/PER/5/2010 
(21 May 2010) and  
No. 56/M-DAG/PER/12/2008. Amendment effective 
21 June 2010. 
Indonesia New regulation stipulating that exports of 
mining products, crude palm oil, coffee, rubber, and cocoa with an export value exceeding US$1 million must be supported by letters of credit issued by domestic banks. Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO (11 October 2010) and Decree No. 27/M-DAG/PER/6/2010 (24 June 2010). The regulation was 
cancelled on 
24 June 2010. 
Indonesia Initiation on 25 June 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of cotton yarn other than sewing thread (HS 5205.12.00; 5205.21.00; 5206.12.00; 5206.14.00).  WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IDN/11 of 
16 July 2010.   
Indonesia Initiation on 25 June 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of woven fabrics of cotton (HS 5208.11.00; 5208.12.00; 
5208.13.00; 5208.19.00; 5208.23.00; 
5208.29.00; 5209.29.00; 5210.11.00; 
5211.11.00; 5211.12.00; 5212.11.00).  WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/IDN/12 of 
16 July 2010.   
Israel Amendment to the import car scheme, 
allowing foreign manufacturers to select 
different licensed importer. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 87 
 
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Israel Initiation on 13 January 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  paper cups (HS 4823.69) from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/ISR of 18 October 2010.   
Israel Initiation on 18 March 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of elbow butt pipe fittings (HS 7307.93; 730 7.99) from China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/ISR of 18 October 2010.   
Israel Initiation on 18 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of MDF and chipboard boards (HS 4410.11; 4411.14) from Portugal and Spain. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/ISR of 
18 October 2010.   
Israel Termination on 27 May 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties on imports of elbow butt pipe fittings (HS 7307.93; 7307.99) from China  (imposed on 24 August 1999).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/ISR of 
18 October 2010.   
Israel Initiation on 9 June 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of non-woven floor and cleaning cloths (HS 6307.10) from Germany. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/ISR of 
18 October 2010.   
Jamaica Initiation on 26 November 2009 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of  ordinary 
portland grey cement and portland blast furnace slag blended cement  (HS 2523.29; 2523.91) from the United States. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/JAM of 26 April 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Jamaica Initiation on 30 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of ordinary portland grey cement (HS 2523.29) from the Dominican Republic. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/JAM of 
23 July 2010.   
Japan Reduction of applied import tariffs on 10 tariff 
lines including products such as industrial alcohol and petroleum products (HS 2207.10; 
2710.11; 2710.19), as part of a multi-year 
planned progressive tariff cuts. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Japan The Postal Reform Bill was approved by the 
Cabinet on 30 April 2010. Its main contents 
were: (i) Japan Post Group to be reorganized 
from 5 to 3 companies; (ii) to ensure universal services such as postal services, savings, and 
life insurances, to be in tegrally available at 
post offices in a simple and user-friendly manner;  and (iii) to ensure that Japan Post 
Group be able to provide postal services 
equally and universally throughout the country. The Japanese government intends to ensure the 
consistency with its GATS and other 
international agreemen ts in the future 
operation, and relevant la ws and regulations.   Permanent Delegation of Japan 
to the WTO (10 October 2010) 
and WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. On 8 October 2010  the 
Cabinet approved a revised Bill. 
Jordan Termination on 18 Febr uary 2010 of safeguard 
duties on imports of footwear (HS 6401; 6402; 
6403; 6404; 6405; except 6402.12 and 
6403.12) (imposed on 19 February 2007).  WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/10/JOR/6/Suppl.2 of 
13 January 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Jordan Termination (without measure) on 
5 October 2010 of safegua rd investigation on 
imports of clinker (HS 2523.10.00) (initiated 
on 16 September 2010). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/6/JOR/15 of 
27 September 2010 and G/SG/N/9/JOR/9 of 13 October 2010.   
Korea, Rep. of Termination on 22 November 2009 of anti-
dumping duties on imports of guide hole puncher (HS 8462.41; 8462.49)   from Japan 
(imposed on 23 November 2006). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/KOR of 6 April 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 88  
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Korea, Rep. of Termination on 11 December 2009 of anti-
dumping duties on imports of polyvinyl 
alcohol (HS 3905.30; 3905.91)   from China, 
Singapore, and the United States (imposed on 
12 December 2006). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/KOR of 
6 April 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Korea, Rep. of Termination on 19 December 2009 of anti-
dumping duties on imports of PVC plate (HS 3917.39; 3919.19; 3920.49; 3921.12; 
3921.90) from Japan (imposed on 
20 December 2004). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/KOR of 6 April 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Korea, Rep. of Reduction of import tariffs "base duty rate" 
(from 40% to 35%) for refined sugar 
(HS 1701.91; 1701.99), as from 
1 January 2010.   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Korea, Rep. of Initiation on 4 March 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of plywood (HS 4412.31; 4412.32) from Malaysia. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/KOR of 5 October 2010.   
Korea, Rep. of "Framework Act on Low Carbon and Green 
Growth" aiming at cutting energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, encouraging Korean government agencies to purchase  energy efficient products. Permanent Delegation of Korea 
to the WTO (April 2010).   
Korea, Rep. of Termination on 17 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties on imports of industrial robot with 6-axis vertical multi-articulation structure 
(HS 8479.50; 8515.21; 8515.31) from Japan 
(imposed on 18 April 2005). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/KOR of 
5 October 2010.   
Korea, Rep. of Initiation on 6 May 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of stainless steel plate (HS 7219.21; 7219.22) from Japan.  WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/KOR of 
5 October 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Korea, Rep. of Termination (without measure) on 
16 June 2010 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of propylene oxide (HS 2910.20) from 
Japan (initiated on 29 January 2010). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/KOR of 
5 October 2010.   
Macedonia Elimination of import tariffs (from 13% to 
zero) on certain ceramic products used in the 
car industry (HS 6909.11.00; 6909.12.00; 
6909.19.00). Permanent Delegation of 
Macedonia to the UN 
(5 November 2010). Effective 12 April 2010. 
Macedonia Reduction of import tariffs (from 10% to 5%) 
on 19 tariff lines (used cars: 8703.21.90; 
8703.22.90; 8703.23.19; 8703.23.90, 8703.24.90; 8703.31.90; 8703.32.19; 8703.32.90; 8703.33.19; 8703.33.90). Permanent Delegation of 
Macedonia to the UN 
(5 November 2010). Effective 12 April 2010. 
Malaysia Elimination of import tariffs on certain 
products such as golf cars and buggies 
(HS 8703.10.00) as from 1 April 2010; and polystyrene resin (HS 3903.19.91)  as from 30 April 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Malaysia Exemption of import tariffs on completely 
built-up hybrid cars " CBU", and reduction 
(50%) of the excise duty, for the period 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Malaysia Termination on 3 February 2010 (expiry 
without review) of anti-dumping duties on imports of maleic anhydride from Indonesia, 
Korea, and Chinese Taipei (imposed on 
4 February 2005).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/MYS of 
8 September 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
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Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Mexico Unilateral gradual tariff reduction on 97% of 
manufactured goods. This reduction will take 
place in 5 annual phases. By 2013 the average 
applied tariff should be 4.3%; 63% of tariff lines should be duty-free. Average tariff on 
manufactured goods fell from 10.6% in 2008 
to 8.3% in 2009, and to 5.2% as of 
1 January 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Second phase took place 
on 1 January 2010. 
Mexico Termination on 18 November 2009 of anti-
dumping duties on imports of monobutyl ether (HS 2909.43.01) from the United States (imposed on 30 May 2008). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/MEX of 25 March 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Mexico Termination on 3 March 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties on imports of apples (HS 0808.10.01) 
from the United States (imposed on 
13 August 2002).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/MEX of 14 September 2010.   
Mexico Increase of  tariff-free import quota for toys 
(HS 9503.00; 9504.30; 9504.40; 9504.90; 
9505.90; 9506.56.99; 9506.62.01; 9506.69; 
9506.70; 9506.99).  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective as from 
26 March 2010 until 31 December 2014. 
Mexico Initiation on 21 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of woven fabrics of cotton "denim" (HS 5209.42.01; 5209.42.99; 5211.42.01; 5211.42.99)  from China.  WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/MEX of 14 September 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Mexico  Initiation on 3 July 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of spiral-welded steel 
pipes and tubes of 30 inches in diameter and 
11.5 metres in length, manufactured in accordance with the specifications of American 
Petroleum Institute (API), Standard API 5L 
(HS 7305.19.01). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/MEX/2 of 19 July 2010.   
Mexico  Federal Programme "Programa de Regulación 
Base Cero" aimed at reducing and/or 
eliminating unnecessary trade procedures, as 
well as facilitate customs formalities, as from January 2010. Further trade facilitating measures implemented on 17 August 2010. Permanent Delegation of 
Mexico to the WTO (8 October 2010).   
Morocco Initiation on 19 July 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of woven carpets, machine-made from man-made or other textile 
materials, whether or not of pile construction 
and whether or not made up (HS 5702.32.00; 5702.39.00; 5702.42.00; 5702.49.00; 
5702.52.00; 5702.59.00; 5702.92.00; 
5702.99.00; 5705.00). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/6/MAR/6 of 
24 August 2010.   
Morocco Termination (withdrawal of application) on 
6 August 2010 of safeguard investigation on imports of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 
(HS 3904.10.90; 3904.21.90; 3904.22.90) 
(initiated on 10 August 2009). WTO Document 
G/SG/N/9/MAR/2 of 
21 September 2010.   
Pakistan As from 25 November 2009, exports of cotton 
yarn have been monitored through a system of 
registration to be notified to the Trade 
Development Authority. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Registration requirement 
eliminated. 
Pakistan Exemption of import tariffs on cotton yarn 
(other than sewing thread), containing 85% or 
more by weight of cotton, not put up for retail 
sale (HS 5205), and cotton yarn (other than sewing thread), containing less than 85% by 
weight of cotton, not put up for retail sale 
(HS 5206). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective 
6 January 2010. 
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
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Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Pakistan New export procedures for wheat (HS 1001). 
Exports are limited to a cumulative ceiling of 
200,000 metric tonnes (MT). Exports fixed at a 
minimum quantity of 50 MT and a maximum 
of 500 MT per contract.  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective 
8 February 2010. 
Pakistan Temporary additional levy "regulatory duty 
(25%)", imposed on a temporary basis, on exports of copper and aluminium  waste and 
scrap for bars rods, ingots, slabs and billets 
(HS 7404; 7602).  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective 13 March 2010 
until 30 June 2010. 
Pakistan Additional levy "regulatory duty (5%)", 
imposed on a temporary basis, on imports of 
pigment and acrylic thickener (HS 3906.90.30; 
3906.90.40).  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective 
29 March 2010. 
Pakistan Exemption of import tariffs on new motor cars 
of engine capacity not exceeding 1,350 cc 
fitted with special gadgets for disabled persons 
(HS 8703.21.19; 8703.21.99; 8703.22.20; 
8703.31.12; 8703.31.29; 8703.31.39). Permanent Delegation of 
Pakistan to the WTO (11 October 2010). Effective 27 April 2010. 
Pakistan Temporary export restrictions (quota of 
35 million kg/month) of all types of yarn, for the period 1 March 2010 to 30 June 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Withdrawn on 
12 May 2010. 
Pakistan Additional levy "regulatory duty (15%)",  
imposed on a temporary basis, on exports of all 
types of yarn. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective 13 May 2010. 
Pakistan Reduction of import tariffs (to 5%) on 
pharmaceutical products (HS 2335.00.90; 
2933.59.90; 3501.90.00; 3824.90.99).  Permanent Delegation of 
Pakistan to the WTO 
(11 October 2010). Effective 5 June 2010. 
Pakistan Amendments to Notification No. 
S.R.O. 575(I)/2006, in some cases resulting in  
an exemption of import tariffs on products 
such as rice whitener (HS 8437.80.00); milk filters (HS 8421.39.90); LPG dispensers 
(HS 8413.11.00); road sweeping lorries 
(HS 8705.90.00); pyranometers and accessories for solar data collection 
(HS 9030.89.00); solar chargers 
(HS 8504.40.20); remote control for solar charge controller (HS 8543.70.10); and wind water pump (HS 8413.81.90).   Notification S.R.O. 394(I)/210 
- Ministry of Finance, Revenue 
and Economic Affairs - 
Revenue Division 
(5 June 2010). Effective 6 June 2010. 
Pakistan Amendments to Notification No. S.R.O. 
576(I)/2006, in some cases resulting in an exemption of import tariffs on products such as 
protacine (HS 2933.59.90); celecoxib 
(HS 2935.00.90); sodium casinate (HS 3501.90.00); and activated glucuronate 
(HS 3824.90.99).  Notification S.R.O. 391(I)/210 
- Ministry of Finance, Revenue and Economic Affairs - 
Revenue Division 
(5 June 2010). Effective 6 June 2010. 
Pakistan Amendments to Notification No. S.R.O. 
565(I)/2006, in some cases resulting in an 
exemption of import tariffs on products such as electro galvanized steel sheet (HS 7210.30.90); 
coconut acid oil (HS 3823.19.90); palma 
display panel and liquid crystal display (HS 7318; 8518; 8529; 8534); diode 
(HS 8541.10.00); transitor (HS 8541.29.00); 
resister (HS 8533.10.00); torridal (HS 8505.19.00); and ferrite core with bobbin  (HS 8505.90.00).  Notification S.R.O. 392(I)/210 
- Ministry of Finance, Revenue 
and Economic Affairs - Revenue Division (5 June 2010). Effective 6 June 2010. 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 91 
 
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Pakistan Reduction of import tariffs (from 5% to zero) 
on a number of products such as buffaloes 
(HS 0102.90.10), bulls (HS 0102.90.20), cows 
(HS 0102.90.30), oxen (HS 0102.90.40), photographic plates and films for X-ray 
(HS 3701.10.00), and silk yarn not put up for 
retail sale (HS 5004.00.00); (from PRs 9,000/MT to PRs 8,000/MT) (US$105/MT to US$93/MT) on crude palm oil 
(HS 1511.10.00); (from 25% to 20%) on  
glucose and glucose syrups (HS 1702.30.00); and (from 10% to 5%) on  other ceramic colours (HS 3207.10.90). Permanent Delegation of 
Pakistan to the WTO (11 October 2010). Effective 6 June 2010. 
Pakistan Increase of import tariffs (from 15% to 20%) 
on a number of products such as glucose and 
other glucose syrup  (HS 1702.40.00; 1702.60.00), (from zero to 5%) on ceramic 
colours (HS 3207.10.20), and  (from 10% to 
15%) on shoe adhesives (HS 3506.91.10).  Permanent Delegation of 
Pakistan to the WTO 
(11 October 2010). Effective 6 June 2010. 
Pakistan Reduction of import tariffs (to 3%) on pure 
terephthalic acid (HS 2917.36.10). Permanent Delegation of 
Pakistan to the WTO 
(11 October 2010). Effective 27 July 2010. 
Pakistan Increase of import tariffs (to 9%) on 
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle grade 
(HS 3907.60.20); and (to 10%) on certain products such as yarn of polyesters 
(HS 5402.20.00; 5402.46.00; 5402.47.00; 
5402.52.00; 5402.62.00; 5509.21.00; 5509.22.00), and synthetic staple fibers 
(HS 5509.51.00; 5509.52.00; 5509.53.00; 
5509.59.00; 5511.10.00; 5511.20.00).  Permanent Delegation of 
Pakistan to the WTO 
(11 October 2010). Effective 27 July 2010. 
Pakistan Increase of import tariffs (to 10% ) on textured 
yarn of polyesters (HS 5402.20.00; 
5402.46.00; 5402.47.00; 5402.52.00; 
5402.62.00; 5509.21.00; 5509.22.00).  Permanent Delegation of 
Pakistan to the WTO (11 October 2010). Effective 
26 August 2010. 
Pakistan Exemption of import tariffs on items for 
manufacturing agriculture diesel engines (HS 8409.99.99). Permanent Delegation of 
Pakistan to the WTO (11 October 2010). Effective 
31 August 2010. 
Pakistan Elimination of import tariffs (25%) on raw 
sugar (HS 1701.11.00; 1701.12.00).  Permanent Delegation of 
Pakistan to the WTO 
(20 October 2010).   
Paraguay Termination on 4 February 2010 of anti-
dumping duties on imports of  ordinary cement 
(NCM 2523.29.10)  from Brazil  (imposed on 
20 October 2004). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/PRY of 
4 October 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Peru Termination on 8 November 2009 of anti-
dumping duties on imports of sandals and flip-
flops (HS 6402.19; 6402.20; 6402.91; 6402.99; 6403.91; 6403.99; 6404.11; 6404.19; 6404.20; 
6405.10; 6405.90) from Chinese Taipei 
(imposed on 31 January 2000).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/195/PER of 
7 April 2010.   
Peru Initiation on 8 November 2009 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of woven 
fabrics of polyester fibres, mixed mainly or 
solely with viscose rayon staple fibres 
(HS 5515.11.00) from India.  Permanent Delegation of Peru 
to the WTO, and WTO 
Documents G/ADP/N/202/PER 
of 22 September 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 92  
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Peru Termination (automatic expiry after five-year 
imposition period) on 6 December 2009 of 
anti-dumping duties on imports of stainless 
steel articles: pots, frying pans and saucepans (HS 7323.93.10) from China, India, and 
Chinese Taipei (imposed on 
4 December 2004). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/PER of 
7 April 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Peru Termination (without measure) on 
8 August 2010 of anti-dumping investigation 
on imports of plain weave fabrics, unbleached, bleached or dyed (HS 5208.11; 5208.12; 
5208.21; 5208.22; 5208.31; 5208.32; 5210.11; 
5210.21; 5210.31; 5512.11; 5512.19; 5513.11; 5513.21) from China (initiated on 11 February 2009).  Permanent Delegation of Peru 
to the WTO (11 October 2010).   
Philippines Initiation on 15 November 2009 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of testliner board 
(HS 4805.24; 4805.25).  WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/6/PHL/8 of 14 December  2009 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Philippines Termination  (automatic expiration) on 
8 December 2009 of safeguard duties on imports of glass mirrors (copper-based) 
(HS 7009.91.00; 7009.92.00) (imposed on 
4 December 2006). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/14/PHL/4/Suppl.4 of 23 April 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. 
  
Russian Federation Temporary specific import tariffs (€0.07/kg 
(US$0.10/kg)) on top of current import duty (15%) on caustic soda (HS 2815.11.00).   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Measure implemented 
in September 2009 and  
abolished 
in January 2010.  
Russian Federation Temporary increase of import tariffs (from 
zero to 5%) on water boilers, internal 
combustion engines, air and vacuum pumps 
(HS Chapter 84). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Measure implemented 
in October 2009 and 
abolished 
in January 2010.  
Russian Federation Temporary introduction of import tariffs on 
polyvinylchloride (from 10% to 15%), but not 
less than €0.12/kg (US$0.17/kg) 
(HS 3904.10.00). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Measure implemented 
in October 2009 and 
abolished 
in January 2010.  
Russian Federation Temporary increase of import tariffs (from 
zero to 10%) on certain type of pumps (HS 8414.60.00).  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Measure implemented 
in November 2009 and  
abolished 
in January 2010. 
Russian Federation Temporary increase of import tariffs on 
snowmobiles (from 5% to 10%) 
(HS 8703.10.11).  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Measure implemented 
in October 2009 and abolished in January 2010.  
Russian Federation Increase of export duty (from 5% to 20%) on 
certain magnesium scrap, but not less than 
€138/tonne (US$193/tonne) (HS 8104.20.00). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective 
8 November 2009. 
Russian Federation Prolongation of the temporary elimination of 
import tariffs for natural rubber 
(HS 4001.22.00; 4001.29.00).   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective 
16 November 2009. 
Russian Federation Temporary reduction of import tariffs on 
stamping machines with programmed 
numerical control (from 10% to duty-free) 
(HS 8462.10.10).   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Measure implemented 
in December 2009 and  
abolished 
in January 2010. 
Russian Federation Increase of import tariffs on rice and milling 
products (HS 1006.10; 1006.40; 1103.19.50; 
1103.20.50; 1104.19.91; 1108.19.10) (from 
€0.07/kg to €0.12/kg (US$0.10/kg to 
US$0.17/kg)).   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective 
10 December 2009. 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 93 
 
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Russian Federation Reduction of import tariffs on drops for eye 
lens (from 15% to 5%) (HS 3307.90.00).   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective 
December 2009. 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs on polystyrene 
(HS 3903.11.00). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective 
20 December 2009. 
Russian Federation Reduction on import tariffs (from 20% to 15%) 
on certain types of corrosion-resistant pipes (HS 7304.11; 7304.41; 7304.49; 7306.11; 7306.40).   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. No longer applicable. 
Safeguard measure (28.1%) imposed on 
2 November 2009 until 
1 November 2011. 
Russian Federation Increase of import tariffs on live pigs (from 5% 
to 40%, but not less than €0.5/kg (US$0.7/kg)) (HS 0103.91; 0103.92).  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective 
1 January 2010. 
Russian Federation Introduction of export tariffs on nickel (5%) 
(HS 7502.10.00).   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective 
27 January 2010. 
Russian Federation Increase of import tariffs on one special type of 
polycarbonates (from zero to 5%) 
(HS 3907.40.00).   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective February 2010. 
Russian Federation Temporary increase of import tariffs (up to 
15%) on certain types of flat metals, and certain types of ferrous metal pipes (up to 15-
20%) (HS 7213, 7214, 7216, 7219, 7220, 7227, 
7228, 7303, 7304, 7305, 7306).  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective from 
9 February 2010 
until November 2010. 
Russian Federation New Decree "Food Security Doctrine" aiming 
at guaranteeing food security and the 
development of the domestic food production 
sector. It stipulates specific weight criteria of domestic production which is used for 
estimation of the level of  food security (based 
on FAO recommendations). Specific weight is stipulate at the level of  95% for grain and 
potatoes, no less than 90% for milk, no less 
than 85% for meat and salt, and no less than 
80% for sugar and seafood. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Russian Federation Reduction of US import quotas for the year 
2010 for poultry (from 750,000  to 600,000 
tonnes) (HS 0105; 0207) and pork (from 
100,000  to 57,500 tonnes) (HS 0203).   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Russian Federation Increase of US import quotas for the year 2010 
for beef (from 18,500  to 21,700 tonnes) 
(HS 0202). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Russian Federation Extension of duty-free access for certain metal 
processing equipments (HS 8455.22). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Measure taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian Federation Prolongation in January 2010 of the temporary 
import tariff increase on butter and certain 
types of dairy products (by €0.35/kg up to €0.4/kg (US$0.49/kg to US$0.56/kg)); and milk and dairy cream (by 5% up to 25%). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Measure taken on a 
permanent basis. 
Russian Federation Prolongation in November 2009 of the 
temporary import tariff increase on wheat and silo harvesters (from 5% to 15%, but not less 
than €120/kw (US$168/kw)) (HS 8433.51.00; 
8433.59). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. 
  
Russian Federation Prolongation in December 2009 of the 
temporary import tariff increase on soy oil meal (from zero to 5%) (HS 2304.00.00). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. 
  
Russian Federation Prolongation in November 2009 of the import 
tariff elimination on certain types of high-
speed trains (HS 8603.10.00; 8605.00.00).  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
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Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Russian Federation Elimination in January 2010 of the temporary 
specific import tariff component (not less than 
€1.6/unit (US$2.2/unit)) on top of current 
import duty (20%) on tableware (HS 8211.91.30; 8215.20.10; 8215.99.10). Current ad valorem tariff reduced to 15%.  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Russian Federation Modification in import tariffs on articles of 
apparel, clothing accessories (HS 4303.10.10) 
(20% but not less than €50/unit (US$70/unit)) 
and other articles of furskin (from 10% but not less than €50/unit (US$70/unit)) (HS 4303.10.90).  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Russian Federation Initiation on 11 March 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of caramel 
(HS 1704.90.71; 1704.90.75; 1806.90.50). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Russian Federation Elimination of import restrictions on pork from 
11 US slaughter plants, participating in an 
"export verification programme". WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Russian Federation Implementation of measures aimed at 
facilitating the imports of meat from Paraguay. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Russian Federation Elimination of import restrictions on certain 
bovine meat (HS 0201; 0202) from several EU 
countries. Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation 
(11 October 2010). Effective 29 April 2010. 
Russian Federation Modification of  export tariffs (from €100/m3 
(US$140/m3) to 25%, but not less than €15/m3 
(US$21/m3)) for certain types of wood chips 
(HS 4403.10.00). Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation (11 October 2010). Effective 21 July 2010. 
Russian Federation Elimination of import restrictions on pork 
(HS 0203) from France, the Netherlands, and the United States. Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation (11 October 2010). Effective 
September 2010. 
Russian Federation Local content requirement obligations and 15% 
price preference for domestically telecom 
equipments. Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation 
(20 October 2010).   
Russian Federation Temporary ban on exports of certain crops 
such as wheat (HS 1001.10), barley (HS 1003), 
rye (HS 1002), and maize (HS 1005), from 15 August 2010 to 31 December 2010.  Export ban duration extended until November 2011.  Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation 
(20 October 2010). Decree No. 654 was 
adopted on 
30 August 2010, authorizing some limited 
grain exports before the 
end of 2010. 
Russian Federation Decree No. 1173 regulating the exports and 
imports of precious metals and gems. Traders 
are allowed to export only if they supply a 
sufficient amount to the State Reserves.  Belarus and Kazakhstan (Custom Union members) are exempted.  Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation (20 October 2010).   
Saudi Arabia Re-imposition of import tariffs (5%) for 
imports of steel (HS 7213; 7214; 7215), as 
from January 2010. Imports from Gulf 
Cooperation Council members exempted.   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Serbia Import ban (and transit) of live pigs and pork 
products (HS 0103; 0203; 0206.41; 0206.49; 
0209.00.11; 0209.00.30; 0210.11; 0210.12; 0210.19; 0210.99.41; 0210.99.49; 0210.99.90; 
0502; 0504) originating from North and Latin 
America (A(H1N1) Flu related).  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. The ban was lifted on 
25 March 2010. 
South Africa Termination (without measure) on 
6 November 2009 of countervailing 
investigation on imports of stainless steel sinks 
(HS 7324.10) from Malaysia (initiated on 
25 July 2008).  WTO Documents 
G/SCM/N/203/ZAF of 
9 February 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 95 
 
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
South Africa Termination on 27 November 2009 of anti-
dumping duties on imports of acrylic fabrics 
(HS 5512; 5515; 5801) from  Turkey (imposed 
in November 2004).  WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/ZAF of 
5 February 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
South Africa Increase of import tariffs on wheat and meslin 
(HS 1001.90) (from zero to R 0.1407/kg (US$0.02/kg)) and wheat or meslin flour 
(HS 1101.00) (from zero to R 0.211/kg 
(US$0.03/kg)). Imports from Southern African Development Community (SADC) members exempted. Government Gazette No. 33140 
- No. R. 341 (30 April 2010) and WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Separate Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu Initiation on 8 December 2009 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of benzoyl peroxide 
(BPO) (HS 2916.32.10) from China.  WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/TPKM of 23 July  2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Provisional duty 
imposed on 
20 May 2010. 
Separate Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu Initiation on 6 February 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HS 2831.10.20; 2831.90.00) from China.   WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/TPKM of 23 July  2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Separate Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, 
Penghu, Kinmen and 
Matsu Temporary reduction of import tariffs for 
certain products such as butter 
(HS 0405.10.00; 0405.90.10), brewing or 
distilling dregs and waste (HS 2303.30.00), potatoes (HS 0701.90.00), monitors 
(HS 8528.59.10; 8528.59.20), natural gas 
buses (HS 8702.90.10), and frames and mountings for spectacles (HS 9003.11.00; 
9003.19.20; 9003.19.30; 9003.19.90; 
9003.90.00; 9004.10.00).  Permanent Delegation of the 
Separate Customs Territory of 
Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and 
Matsu  to the WTO 
(20 October 2010). Effective as from 
1 June 2010 until 30 November 2010. 
Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, 
Penghu, Kinmen and 
Matsu Reduction of import tariffs for certain products 
such as liquid crystal displays (LCD) 
(HS 8528.59.10; 8528.59.20) (from 10% to 
zero); electro-phoretic displays (EPD) (HS 8543.90.50) (from 2.5% to zero); 
interchangeable lens for cameras 
(HS 9002.11.10) (from 5% to zero); hybrid buses (HS 8702.10.30), and auto parts for 
ambulances and vehicles for disabled people 
(HS 8708.10.00; 8708.21.00; 8708.29.20; 8708.29.90; 8708.30.10; 8708.30.20; 
8708.30.91; 8708.30.92; 8708.30.99; 
8708.40.10; 8708.40.20; 8708.40.80) (to zero). Permanent Delegation of the 
Separate Customs Territory of 
Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and 
Matsu  to the WTO 
(20 October 2010). Effective 17 June 2010. 
Separate Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu Tax reduction for certain rice wine 
(HS 2103.90.90), under an amendment to the Tobacco and Alcohol Tax Act, categorizing it 
as new added category "cooking rice wine". 
The amendment also applies to imported 
cooking rice wine.  Permanent Delegation of the 
Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and 
Matsu  to the WTO 
(20 October 2010). 
  
Separate Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, 
Penghu, Kinmen and 
Matsu Increase quota (from 880 to 1,776 tonnes) for 
deboned beef imports (HS 0201.30.90) from 
Paraguay. Permanent Delegation of the 
Separate Customs Territory of 
Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu  to the WTO (20 October 2010). 
  
Switzerland Export refunds for cream (HS 0401.30.20) 
(temporarily introduced in January 2009). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Export refunds abolished 
on 4 January 2010. 
Switzerland Export refunds for live animals (HS 0101.10; 
0102.10; 0104.10; 0104.20). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Export refunds abolished 
on 4 January 2010. 
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 96  
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Thailand Initiation on 3 December 2009 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of unglazed/glazed 
ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles; 
unglazed/glazed ceramic mosaic cubes and like, whether or not on the backing 
(HS 6907.10; 6907.90; 6908.10; 6908.90) from 
China. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/THA of 23 September 2010.   
Thailand Initiation on 16 June 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of flat hot rolled in 
coils and not in coils (HS 7208.10; 7208.25; 7208.26; 7208.27; 7208.36; 7208.37; 7208.38; 
7208.39; 7208.40; 7208.51; 7208.52; 7208.53; 
7208.54; 7208.90; 7211.13; 7211.14; 7211.19) 
from China and Malaysia. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/THA of 
23 September 2010.   
Turkey Termination  (no application for sunset review) 
on 20 November 2009 of anti-dumping duties 
on imports of polyester sy nthetic staple fibres 
(HS 5503.20)   from Belarus (imposed on 
20 November 2004). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/TUR/Rev.1 of 
21 April 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Turkey Reduction of import ta riffs  for buckwheat 
(HS 1008.10) (from 130% to 40%) and for millet (HS 1008.20) (from 130% to 80%), as 
from 1 January 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Turkey Increase of import tariffs (from zero to 34% for 
EU Members and to 37% for non-EU 
Members) for bream fish (HS 0301.99.80), as 
from 1 January 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Turkey Initiation on 22 January 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of glass fibre 
reinforcement materials (HS 7019) from 
China.  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Turkey Termination on  26 February of safeguard 
duties on imports of salt and pure sodium 
chloride (except sea water and salt liquors; and the salt suitable for human consumption) 
(HS 2501.00.31; 2501.00.51; 2501.00.99) 
(imposed on 10 August 2006).   WTO Document 
G/SG/N/10/TUR/5 of 
12 July 2006.   
Turkey Requirement for reciprocity for good 
manufacturing practices certificates to be 
submitted for receiving market authorization 
for pharmaceutical products, as from 
1 March 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Turkey Reduction of import tariffs (from 135% to 20-
40%) for certain live bovine animals 
(HS 0102) and sheep (HS 0104); and for bovine meat (HS 0202) (from 225% to 30%), 
as from August 2010.  Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO 
(8 October 2010).   
Turkey Termination on 28 July 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties (definitive) on impor ts of  colour TV 
receivers with integral picture tube -  174.CHC 
(HS 8528)  from China (imposed on 28 July 2005).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/TUR of 
6 August 2010 and Permanent Delegation of Turkey to the WTO (8 October 2010).   
Turkey Termination on 28 July 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties (definitive) on imports of  new pneumatic tyres of rubber for motor cars 
(HS 4011.10)  from China (imposed on 
20 August 2005).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/TUR of 6 August 2010 and Permanent 
Delegation of Turkey to the 
WTO (8 October 2010).   
Turkey Initiation on 5 August 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of cord wire of base metals  (HS 8311.20; 8311.30) from China. Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO (8 October 2010).   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 97 
 
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Ukraine Termination (without measure) on 
16 December 2009 of sa feguard investigation 
on imports of  liquid chlorine (HS 2801.10) 
(initiated on 17 March 2009). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/9/UKR/2 of 
12 January 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Ukraine Quotas and licensing requirements for imports 
and exports of certain products such as iron and steel, copper, and aluminium  
(HS 7201.50.90; 7202.60.00; 7202.91.00; 
7202.99.80; 7204.50.00; 7218.10.00; 7401; 7402.00.00; 7403; 7405.00.00; 7406; 7407; 
7411; 7414.90.00; 7415.29.00; 7415.39.00; 
7418.19.00; 7419; 7601.20.91; 7601.20.99; 
7616.99; 7801; 8454.20.00; 8454.90.00). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010 and Permanent 
Delegation of Ukraine to the 
United Nations 
(20 October 2010). Effective 
23 December 2009. 
Ukraine Initiation on 3 February 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of mineral or 
chemical fertilisers containing three nutrient elements: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 
with a nitrogen content exceeding 10% 
(HS 3105.20.10).  WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/6/UKR/5 of 
12 February  2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. 
  
Ukraine Initiation on 17 February 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports  of ferro-manganese 
containing by weight more than 2% of carbon 
(except in ferro-manganese granule size not 
more than 5 mm and the mass fraction of manganese over 65%) and ferro-silico-manganese (HS 7202.11.80; 7202.30).  WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/6/UKR/6 of 23 February  2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. 
  
Ukraine Termination on 1 March 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties on imports of  pa rticle board laminated 
(HS 4410.19.50)  from Poland and Slovak Rep. (imposed on 1 March 2005). WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/UKR of 
24 September 2010. 
  
Ukraine Initiation on 20 March 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of new pneumatic tyres of rubber, for motor cars (HS 4011.10.00) from Belarus. WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/UKR of 
24 September 2010.   
Ukraine Initiation on 6 May 2010 of safeguard 
investigation on imports of refrigerators, freezers and other equipment for refrigerator or freezer, electric or other types (HS 8418). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/6/UKR/7 of 21 May 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Ukraine Initiation on 21 July 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  methanol 
(HS 2905.11.00) from the Russian Federation. Permanent Delegation of 
Ukraine to the United Nations 
(20 October 2010)   
Ukraine Imposition on 4 October 2010 of temporary 
export quotas and licensing requirements on 
certain agricultural products such as wheat and blend of wheat and rye (meslyn), spelt 
(HS 1001.10.00; 1001.90.99) (500,000 tonnes), 
corn (HS 1005) (2,000 tonnes), barley (HS 1003.00.90) (200,000 tonnes), and rye 
(HS 1002.00.00) and buckwheat 
(HS 1008.10.00) (1,000 tonnes).   Permanent Delegation of 
Ukraine to the United Nations 
(20 October 2010) and Cabinet 
Resolution No. 938. Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
United States Termination on 5 November 2009 of 
countervailing duties on imports of ni-resist 
piston inserts (HS 8409.99) from Argentina 
and Korea (imposed on 6 July 2009). Permanent Delegation of the 
United States to the WTO 
(20 October 2010) and WTO 
Document G/SCM/N/203/USA 
of 18 March 2010.   
United States Termination (without measure) on 
16 November 2009 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of certain standard steel fasteners (HS 7318.15; 7318.16) from 
China and Chinese Taipei (initiated on 
22 October 2009). WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/195/USA of 
18 March  2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. 
  
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 98  
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
United States Termination (without measure) on 
16 November 2009 of countervailing 
investigation on imports of certain standard 
steel fasteners (HS 7318.15; 7318.16) from 
China (initiated on 22 October 2009). WTO Documents 
G/SCM/N/203/USA of 
18 March  2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
United States Initiation on 27 January 2010 of countervailing 
investigation on imports of steel drill pipe, and steel drill collars, whether or not conforming to 
American Petroleum Institute (API) or non-
API specifications, whether finished or unfinished (including green tubes suitable for 
drill pipe), without regard to the specific 
chemistry of the steel, and without regard to length or outer diameter (HS 7304; 8431)  from China. WTO Document 
G/SCM/N/212/USA of 16 September 2010 and 
Permanent Delegation of the 
United States to the WTO 
(20 October 2010).  Provisional duty 
imposed on 
11 June 2010. 
United States Initiation on 28 January 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of steel drill pipe, and steel drill collars, whether or not conforming to 
American Petroleum Institute (API) or non-
API specifications, whether finished or unfinished (including green tubes suitable for drill pipe), without regard to the specific 
chemistry of the steel, and without regard to 
length or outer diameter (HS 7304; 8431)  
from China. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/USA of 22 September 2010 and  
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
United States U.S.-Canada Agreement on Government 
Procurement. The agreement has two major 
elements.  First, it includes permanent and reciprocal commitments under the WTO 
Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) 
with respect to provincial, territorial and state procurement.  In addition, the agreement 
provides for additional, reciprocal guarantees 
of access on a temporary basis.  Canada is providing US suppliers with access to 
construction procurement of a number of 
provincial and territorial entities (not covered by the GPA) and municipal entities.  The 
United States is providing Canadian suppliers 
with access to state and local public works projects in seven programmes funded by the 
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 
2009 (ARRA).  The United States is also offering access to the seven ARRA 
programmes to the other GPA parties, based on 
the negotiation of mutually acceptable 
commitments. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010 
  
United States Initiation on 27 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of certain aluminium 
extrusions which  are shapes and forms 
produced via an extrusion process of aluminium alloys (HS 7604.21.00; 7604.29.10; 
7604.29.30; 7604.29.50; 7608.20.00; 7610.10; 
7610.90; 7615.19; 7615.20; 7616.99)  from 
China. WTO Documents 
G/ADP/N/202/USA of 
22 September 2010 and  
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
United States Initiation on 27 April 2010 of countervailing 
investigation on imports of certain aluminium 
extrusions which  are shapes and forms produced via an extrusion process of 
aluminium alloys (HS 7604.21.00; 7604.29.10; 
7604.29.30; 7604.29.50; 7608.20.00; 7610.10; 7610.90; 7615.19; 7615.20; 7616.99)  from China. WTO Documents 
G/SCM/N/212/USA of 
16 September 2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 99 
 
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
United States Establishment of an additional in-quota 
(181,437 metric tonnes raw value MTRV) 
quantity of the fiscal year 2010 tariff-rate quota 
(TRQ) for imported raw cane sugar (HS 1701) for the remainder of fiscal year 2010 
(30 September 2010) for 27 countries. This 
quantity is in addition to the minimum amount to which the US is committed pursuant the 
Uruguay Round Agreements (1,117,195 MTRV).  WTO Documents 
G/AG/N/USA/71/Add.2 of 
5 July 2010 and 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010 Effective 11 May 2010. 
United States Termination on 30 July 2010 of countervailing 
duties on imports of welded-wire rack decking 
produced from carbon or alloy steel wire that has been welded in to a mesh pattern 
(HS 7217.10.10; 7217.10.20; 7217.10.30; 
7217.10.40; 7217.10.50; 7217.10.60; 7217.10.70; 7217.10.80; 7217.10.90; 
7217.20.15; 7217.20.30; 7217.20.45; 
7217.20.60; 7217.20.75; 7326.20.00; 7326.90.10; 7326.90.25; 7326.90.35; 
7326.90.45; 7326.90.60; 7326.90.85; 
9403.20.00; 9403.90.80) from China (imposed 
on 9 November 2009). WTO Document 
G/SCM/N/203/USA of 
18 March 2010 and Permanent Delegation of the United States to the WTO (20 October 2010).   
United States Termination  on 30 July 2010 (without 
measure) of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of welded-wire rack decking produced 
from carbon or alloy steel wire that has been welded into a mesh pattern (HS 7217.10.10; 
7217.10.20; 7217.10.30; 7217.10.40; 
7217.10.50; 7217.10.60; 7217.10.70; 7217.10.80; 7217.10.90; 7217.20.15; 
7217.20.30; 7217.20.45; 7217.20.60; 
7217.20.75; 7326.20.00; 7326.90.10; 7326.90.25; 7326.90.35; 7326.90.45; 
7326.90.60; 7326.90.85; 9403.20.00; 
9403.90.80) from Ch ina (initiated on 
2 July 2009).   WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/188/USA of 
18 September 2009 and 
Permanent Delegation of the United States to the WTO (20 October 2010).    
United States US Manufacturing Enhancement Act of 2010 
"Miscellaneous Tariff Bill" extending until 
31 December 2012 temporary suspensions of import tariffs on certain products such as raw 
materials, chemicals, yarns, and items not 
manufactured locally. Permanent Delegation of the 
United States to the WTO 
(20 October 2010).   
United States Extension of the dairy incentive programme 
for the period July 2010 to June 2011. Permanent Delegation of the 
United States to the WTO (20 October 2010).   
United States Final ruling on the Recovery Act Buy-
American Requirements (Federal Acquisition 
Regulation, replacing an interim Rule), establishing that iron and steel construction 
materials are exempt from this provision, only 
when those materials do not consist wholly or 
predominantly of iron and steel. Permanent Delegation of the 
United States to the WTO 
(20 October 2010).   
Venezuela Elimination of VAT on imports of equipments 
and materials used for the production and 
generation of electricity, for a period of five years. Imports require a prior authorization by  
the "Ministerio del Poder Popular para la 
Ciencia, Tecnología e Industrias Intermedias" stipulating no and/or insufficient local  
production  of the imported items. The 
generation of electricity is also exempted of 
VAT. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 100  
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Venezuela Import prohibition on certain new air 
conditioning equipment with higher electrical 
consumption. Import ban on used air 
conditioning equipment, fridges, and 
refrigerators (HS 8415). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Venezuela Authorization of import of certain parts and 
auto parts under the "Regimen de material de ensamblaje importado para vehículos (MEIV)" 
(Arancel de aduanas 9801.00; 9802.00; 
9803.00; 9804.00; 9806.00) for the assembly of cars. An import tariff of 3% is applied. 
Imports require a prior authorization by  the 
"Ministerio del Poder Popular de Planificación y Finanzas y para la Ciencia, Tecnología e Industrias Intermedias". WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective 3 May 2010. 
Venezuela Termination on 27 April 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties on imports of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in suspension from the United States (imposed 
on 7 April 2000).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/VEN of 
17 August 2010.   
Venezuela Termination on 26 May 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties on imports of other footwear with outer 
soles and uppers of rubber or plastics from 
China (imposed on 24 April 2000).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/VEN of 
17 August 2010.   
Venezuela Termination on 26 May 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties on imports of footwear with outer soles 
of rubber, plastics, leather or composition leather and uppers of leather from China (imposed on 24 April 2000).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/VEN of 
17 August 2010.   
Venezuela Termination on 26 May 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties on imports of footwear with outer soles of rubber, plastics, leather or composition 
leather and uppers of textile materials from 
China (imposed on 24 April 2000).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/VEN of 
17 August 2010.   
Venezuela Termination on 26 May 2010 of anti-dumping 
duties on imports of other footwear from China (imposed on 24 April 2000).  WTO Document 
G/ADP/N/202/VEN of 17 August 2010.   
Viet Nam Termination (without measure) on 
23 February 2010 of safe guard investigation on 
imports of float glass (clear and tinted) with 
thickness equal or less than 12mm 
(HS 7005.21.90.00; 7005.29. 90.00) (initiated 
on 29 July 2009). WTO Documents 
G/SG/N/9/VNM/1 of 7 April  2010 and WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. 
  
 
 
 
  
NON-VERIFIED INFORMATION  
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Algeria Stricter rules on government procurement for 
foreign companies, extending preferences for local suppliers. Additional requirements introduced on 11 July 2010. La Tribune (25 January 2010) 
and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.    
Algeria New tax levied on "private" imports of durum 
wheat, as from 21 July 2010.   Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 402 (29 July 2010). 
  
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 101 
 
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Argentina Reintroduction of import licensing requirement 
for certain products such as tyres, electrical 
transformers, printed material, and advertising 
material. Press reports (1 June 2010). 
  
Argentina Internal Note 232 from the Secretar y of State 
for Internal Trade requiring health certificates 
issued by the National Food Institute to be approved by the Secretary of State for Internal 
Trade. The measure is reportedly restricting 
food imports, and causing long delays in the granting of certificates enabling the release of imports from ports.   Meeting of the WTO's Council 
for Trade in Goods 
(5 July 2010) and MercoPress - South Atlantic News Agency (5 July 2010). 
  
Argentina To obtain non-automatic meat export licensing 
traders are required for each 2 tonnes exported, to sell at "official prices" 1 tonne of meat (cortes populares) for local consumption. Press reports (October 2010). 
  
Armenia Customs reforms aiming at simplifying 
customs formalities. The number of products 
requiring mandatory certification was reduced 
(from 65 to 16). Press reports (26 August 2010). 
  
Bangladesh Imposition of export ban on jute. Business Recorder 
(19 December 2009) and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010. 
  
Bangladesh New prolongation of the existing export ban on 
rice (both aromatic and non-aromatic) until December 2010. Grain Market Report GMR No. 
402 (29 July 2010). In operation 
since May 2009. 
Prolongations of the ban 
on 4 January and 
30 June 2010.  
Brazil New Decree allowing tax breaks for exports 
"drawback suspension", and for companies 
investing in technological innovation, as a complement to the existing "drawback exemption". WTO Reporter 
(8 August 2010).   
Brazil Initiation on 29 September 2010 of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of nitrile rubber from Argentina, France, Korea, India, Poland, and the United States. Press reports 
(29 September 2010).   
China Reported implementation of measures aimed at 
helping domestic production, including GPA preferences for local companies, tax incentives 
and rebates, and local content preferences for 
energy-related equipments. The Christian Science Monitor 
(16 March 2010) and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
China New access requirements for foreign operators 
in the credit card paym ent-processing market. 
Foreign operators are only allowed to 
participate in the local currency bank card 
market by issuing co-branded cards with local 
institutions. China Economic Review 
Publishing (26 March 2010) and WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
China Temporary import ban on meat and edible 
meat offal entering through the port of 
Hong Kong, China.  El Pais Digital (20 July 2010).   
Dominican Republic Initiation on 22 July 2010 of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of steel bars and rods 
(HS 7214.10.00; 7214.20.00; 7213.20.90 ) 
from Turkey.  Press reports (22 July 2010).   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 102  
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Egypt As from 2 June 2010, new regulation requiring 
loading wheat for export at a single port.   Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 401 (24 June 2010). 
  
Egypt Extension until October 2011 of export 
restrictions on rice.  Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 404 (23 September 2010). Measure originally 
imposed in March 2008. 
India Transfer of work clothing and other worn 
articles to the restricted list. Imposition of 
import licensing requirements for this items.  Press reports (19 May 2010).   
India Withdrawal of tyres and other polyester (HS 
5402.47.00) from the import restricted list. Press reports (26 May 2010).   
India Special authorization to export 10,000 tonnes 
of white sugar to the EU.  Reuters Limited 
(15 June 2010).   
India Increase of the minimum support price for 
paddy rice (from Rs 50/100 kg 
(US$1.13/100 kg) to Rs 1,000/tonne) 
(US$22.6/tonne). Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 401 (24 June 2010). 
  
India Guidelines from the Ministry of New and 
Renewable Energy requiring that components 
used in the manufacturing of solar photovoltaic 
modules be manufactured locally, under the 
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission.  HT Media Limited 
(6 July 2010). 
  
India Stricter rules on telecommunication equipment 
(to secure its mobile networks) which 
reportedly included a temporary ban on sales of non-branded mobile phones and telecom products. Financial Times 
(2 August 2010). The ban was lifted on 
22 August 2010. 
India Elimination of export ban on certain variety of 
premium aromatic basmati rice (smaller grain 
size). Press reports (17 August 2010). 
  
India Extension of export ban on certain products 
such as wheat and rice. Reuters Limited 
(23 August 2010).   
India Amendments to the "Focus Product Scheme" 
granting an additional benefit (2%) over the 
current duty credit of 5% of the FOB value of 
exports. Press reports (23 August 2010). 
  
India "Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme" 
(EPCGS) enabling the import of capital 
equipment at reduced rates of duty. The 
scheme was introduced in August 2009 and valid for two years (31 March 2011). The EPCGS was extended until 31 March 2012. Press reports referring to 
MOFCOM Notification 
No. 1(RE-2010)/2009-2014 
(23 August 2010). 
  
India Reported measures introducing local content 
requirements for solar energy projects.  Washington Trade Daily 
Volume 19, Number 188 
(22 September 2010).   
India Export ban on cotton implemented 
in April 2010 was lifted in May 2010. As 
from May 2010, imposition of stricter export 
licensing requirements and additional tax of 
Rs 2,500/tonne (US$56.5/tonne).  Press reports (May 2010). 
  
Indonesia Introduction of export tariffs (from zero to 
15%) on raw cocoa. Press reports referring to 
Regulation 67/2010 (various 
dates).    
Iraq Import ban on certain vegetables into some 
regions, as from 1 April 2010.  Press reports (April 2010) and 
WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.    
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 103 
 
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Kazakhstan Elimination of import restriction on sugar in 
force since August 2009 to April 2010.  Press reports (1 April 2010).   
Kazakhstan Introduction of export tariffs (15% but not less 
than €100/tonne (US$140/tonne)) on 
aluminium.  Press reports (23 June 2010).   
Kazakhstan Increase of export tariffs on oil and oil 
products. Press reports (16 August 2010).   
Kazakhstan Export ban on certain products such as 
buckwheat, and vegetable oils (except linen and rapeseed). Press reports 
(27 September 2010).   
Kazakhstan Amendments to the public procurement 
legislation (introduction of a 20% preference 
margin for domestic bidder). Press reports 
(September 2010).   
Kenya New Legislation implementing a prohibition 
for foreigners to provide maritime agency 
services, except for firms establishing a joint venture with locals. The Decree was 
promulgated in April 2009, and will enter into 
force following a one year's grace period. Press reports referring to article 
16 of the 2009 Shipping Act 
(2 March 2010) and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Kenya Temporary reduction of import tariffs on wheat 
(from 35% to 10%), and rice (from 75% and/or 
US$200/tonne to 35%).  Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 401 (24 June 2010). 
  
Malaysia Exemption of customs duties and sale tax on 
"returnable boxes" (packaging material 
exported and subsequently re-imported).   Press reports 
(1 September 2010).   
Morocco Reduction of import tariffs (from 135% to 
90%) on soft wheat and (from 170% to 80%) on durum. Information from International 
Grains Council 
(1 February 2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010. Effective 
1 January 2010. 
Nigeria Additional special levies (ranging from 5% to 
100%) on imported products which have been 
normally included in the import prohibition 
list.   Press reports referring  to the 
Tariff Book 2008-10 
(November 2009) and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Nigeria Local content requiremen t obligations for the 
oil and gas sector, as well as the introduction 
of a 10% preference for local tenders. Press reports (21 April 2010).   
Nigeria Import ban on bagged cement (HS 2523) 
replaced by import tari ff and import quota.  Press reports (August 2010).    
Paraguay National preference in government 
procurement favouring local bidders (from 5% 
to 70% preference margin) depending on the 
products. Press reports 
(26 February 2010).  
  
Paraguay Six months prolongation of import licence 
requirement for poultry meat 
(NCM 0207.11.00; 0207.12.00; 0207.13.00; 
0207.14.00). Press reports (11 August 2010). 
  
Philippines Elimination of import tariffs on certain 
products such as crude oil, petroleum  and 
asphalt (HS 2709; 2710; 2717), and iron and 
steel products. Press reports referring to 
executive orders Nos. 890 and 898 (June 2010). 
  
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 104  
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Philippines Reported suspension of rice imports over the 
next three years.  Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 402 (29 July 2010). 
  
Russian Federation Reported import ban on wines (HS 2204; 
2205)  from Moldova.  Press reports (27 July 2010). 
  
Russian Federation Temporary price controls scheme, fixing 
maximum retail prices on "socially important 
food products" such as meat, fish, dairy 
products, eggs, oil, wheat, fruits, and 
vegetables.  Press reports (17 August 2010). 
  
Rwanda Introduction of pre-shipping inspection on 
imports of products from non-East African Community (EAC) Members. The New Times 
(3 March 2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010. 
  
South Africa Reduction of import tariff (from 10% to zero) 
on glass ampoules. SMS-siemagsa.com 
(24 September 2010).   
South Africa Increase of import tariffs 
between May and August 2010 for certain products such as glycerol (from zero to 10%), 
lysine and associated feed supplements (from 
zero to 10%), calcium proportionate (from zero to 15%), and non-organic pigments (from zero to 10%). Press reports (various dates). 
  
Sudan Increase of import tariffs for certain products 
such as chocolates and cement. Reuters (20 September 2010). 
  
Sri Lanka Simplification of the customs tariff structure to 
four rates  (zero, 5%, 15%, 30%), eliminating 
the 2.5% rate. Reuters Limited (1 June 2010). Effective 1 June 2010. 
Sri Lanka Elimination of a surcharge (15%) on customs 
duty for all products, as well as the 2.5% 
import duty on most raw materials and 
machineries.   Reuters Limited (1 June 2010). Effective 1 June 2010. 
Sri Lanka Reduction of the tax on motor vehicles (by 
50%), and for certain products (to below 10%), in order to promote tourism.  Reuters Limited (1 June 2010). Effective 1 June 2010. 
Turkey Stricter export licensing requirements 
(additional conditions prior to export) on 
copper scrap. Press reports (21 May 2010).   
Turkey Cancellation of flour wheat exports (40,000 
metric tonnes) to Indonesia.  Dow Jones Newswires 
(10 August 2010).   
Uganda New customs valuation system implemented 
(replacing "Method One M1" based on 
transaction value). All Africa (26 April 2010) and  
WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Uruguay Policy for government procurement (favouring 
local SMEs suppliers over big enterprises even 
if their prices are up to 16% higher in public 
tenders) granting them 20% of the purchase, in certain sectors such as textile, footwear, wood, 
metals, and food. Observa.com 
(11 August 2010).   
Uruguay Extension for another six months of export 
taxes reimbursement (4%) for certain sectors 
more affected by the crisis, such as wood, 
textiles and clothing, and leather.  Elpais.com.uy 
(16 September 2010).   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 105 
 
 
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Viet Nam Temporary introduction of automatic import 
licensing requirements on certain steel 
products (HS 7029; 7210; 7211; 7212; 7213; 
7321; 7323; 7324), as from July 2010 until 
31 December 2010.  Press reports (5 July 2010).   
Viet Nam Modification to the import licensing regime 
restricting market access. Press reports (28 July 2010).   
Viet Nam Establishment of a minimum export price 
(US$300/tonne fob) for rice. Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 402 (29 July 2010).   
Viet Nam Viet Nam Food Association to purchase 
1 million tonnes of unhusked rice, through 
government loans (without interests), during 
the period 15 July 2010 to 15 September 2010.  Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 402 (29 July 2010).   
Viet Nam New price management control mechanism for 
local and imported products such as milk 
powder, sugar, salt, rice, textbooks, coal, 
chemicals, cement, and steel, as from 
1 October 2010. Inside US Trade Vol. 28, No. 
38 referring to Ministry of 
Finance Circular 122 
(1 October 2010).   
Viet Nam Reported temporary import ban on frozen 
animals offals, as from July 2010.  Press reports referring to Prime 
Minister Official Letter 
No 1152 (7 July 2010).   
Yemen Temporary imposition of additional fees (5 to 
15%) on 71 non-essential imported goods.  Organisation of Asia-Pacific 
News Agencies (8 April 2010) and WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Zimbabwe Elimination of  im ports ban on certain products 
such as poultry, meat, live animals, stock feeds, and dairy products  introduced 
in March 2010. Agra Europe (24 August 2010). 
  
 WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 106  
 
ANNEX 2 
 
 
General Economic Stimulus Measures1 
(November 2009 - Mid-October 2010)  
 
 
VERIFIED INFORMATION  
Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Brazil Additional credit line (US$4 billion) for State 
Governments through the National Development Bank 
(BNDES). WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Terminated on 
31 December2009. 
Brazil Additional credit line (R$80 billion (US$47.4 billion)) 
through the National Development Bank (BNDES), 
allocated to maintain activ ities already scheduled. The 
credit line will not generate new commitments. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Brazil Announcement of phase 2 of the Growth Acceleration 
Programme (PAC 2) (estimated investments 
US$520 million for the period 2011-14) encompassing a set of actions and investment  goals aimed at creating the 
necessary conditions for long-term economic growth 
and social development. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Canada Investment in Forest Industry Transformation 
Programme (IFIT) (Can$100 million over four years 
(US$97.1million)), for projects that implement 
innovative technologies  for a more economically competitive and environmentally sustainable forest sector. Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO (20 October2010).   
China Refund of 13% of the sales price granted to farmers on 
the purchase of nine types of home appliances, including TV sets (programme extended on 
1 February 2009). Permanent Delegation of China 
to the WTO (27 October 2010) and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. The scope of beneficiaries 
was further extended on 
1 January 2010. 
China Measures to promote the domestic film industry such as 
preferential fiscal measures, and 2/3 of screening time 
reserved for local films (already applicable since 2001), 
under the Guiding Opinions on Promotion of 
Prosperous Development of the Film Industry of 
21 January 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
China State aid through a capital injection (Y 1.5 billion 
(US$224.6 million)) for China Southern Airlines. The 
funds appear to be the la st instalment of capital 
extended to the top three carriers. Permanent Delegation of China 
to the WTO (27 October 2010) 
and WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
China Direct payments (Y 15.1 billion for the year 2010 
(US$2.26 billion)) to grain farmers (wheat, corn, and rice), aiming at  increasing their income and stabilizing production. Permanent Delegation of China 
to the WTO (27 October 2010).   
China Financial aid (Y 15.5 billion for the year 2010 
(US$2.32 billion)) to farmers for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, aiming at improving 
productivity and expanding domestic demand in rural 
areas. Permanent Delegation of China 
to the WTO (27 October 2010).   
Annex 2 (cont'd) 
                                                      
1 The inclusion of any measure in this table implies no judgement by the WTO Secretariat on whether 
or not such measure, or its intent, is protectionist in nature.  Moreover, nothing in the table implies any 
judgement, either direct or  indirect, on the consistency of any measure referred to with the provisions of any 
WTO agreement or such measure's impact on, or relationship with, the global financial crisis.  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 107 
 
 
Country/ 
Member 
State Measure Source/Date Status 
EU Amendment to the "Temporary Community Framework 
for State Aid measures to support access to finance in 
the current financial and economic crisis".  Communication from the 
Commission (2009/C 303/04) (15 December 2009)  and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
EU Specific market support measure for dairy farmers 
(€300 million (US$420.48 million)). The measure is 
intended to grant a financial envelope in order to support dairy farmers that are severely affected by the 
collapse of world market and EU market prices and 
encounter liquidity problems in these circumstances. Members to communicate to the Commission without 
delay and no lather than 31 March 2010 a description of 
the objective criteria used to determine the methods for granting support and the provision taken to avoid distortion of  markets. Commission Regulation 
No. 233/2009 
(15 December 2009) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. 
  
Austria "Bürgschaftsrichtlinien": aid scheme (overall budget 
€15.3 million (US$21.44 milli on) and annual budget 
€5.1 million (US$7.15 million)), in the form of 
guarantee for restructuring firms in difficulty (all 
sectors). EU State Aid N 673/09 
(22 January 2010) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective from 
10 October 2009 to 
9 October 2012. 
Austria Short-term export credit insurance scheme. The 
Commission authorized, under EU State aid rules, a 
measure adopted by Austria to limit the adverse impact 
of the current financial crisis on exporting firms. EU State Aid N 434/09 (OJ 
2010/C 25/02) and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
Austria Temporary state aid to help farmers (€1.2 million 
(US$1.7 million)) available until the end of 2010.   EU State Aid N 118/10 and  
WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Decision adopted on 
19 April 2010. 
Belgium BELGACAP: "Assurance-crédit export de court terme". 
Aid scheme (overall budget €300 million 
(US$420.48 million)) for all sectors. EU State Aid N 532/09 
(6 November 2009) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
Belgium Limited amounts of aid (€2.73 million (US$3.83 
million)) for primary producers hit by the financial crisis.  Aid will take the form of state guarantees on working capital loans. EU State Aid N 34/10 
(11 February 2010) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
Bulgaria Temporary state aid to help farmers (€10.26 million 
(US$14.4 million)) available until the end of 2010.   EU State Aid N 108/10 and  
WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Decision adopted on 
19 April 2010. 
Bulgaria Temporary aid scheme allowing direct grants of up to 
(€500,000 (US$700,800)) per company. (Beneficiary: 
companies  that were not in difficulty on 1 July 2008).  Public information available on 
the European Commission's website transmitted by the EU 
Delegation (10 October 2010) 
and EU State Aid N 333/10. Decision adopted on 
10 September 2010. 
Cyprus Rescue aid (€1.6 million (US$2.24 million)), in the 
form of state loan guarantee, for the agricultural sector. EU State Aid N 60/10 
(6 May 2010).   
Denmark Temporary export lending facility (overall budget 
DKr 20 billion (US$3.7 billion)) that supplies Danish 
exporters and their customers with the required liquidity 
to continue trading. The facility is administered by 
Eksport Kredit Fonden pursuant to the Danish Act on Eksport Kredit Fonden. EU State Aid NN 4/10 
(10 March 2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
Annex 2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 108  
 
Country/ 
Member 
State Measure Source/Date Status 
France Temporary aid scheme  (€700 million (US$981.1 
million)) for farmers. The scheme provides aid in the form of direct grants, interest  rate subsidies, subsidized 
loans, as well as aid towards the payment of social 
security contributions. The scheme is in application of the amendment to the Commission's Temporary 
framework for State aid measures to support access to 
finance in the current financial and economic crisis, which introduced the possib ility of granting limited 
amounts of aid to primary agricultural producers. EU State Aid N 609/09 (OJ 
C30) (6 January 2010) and  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Decision adopted on 
2 December 2009 and is effective until 31 December 2010. 
France Aid scheme "aides à l'assistance technique dans le 
secteur des fruits et légumes" (overall budget €1 million (US$1.4 million)). EU State Aid No. XA 232/09 
(16 February 2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective until 
31 December 2013. 
France Direct grant (overall budget €2.276 million 
(US$3.2 million)) for Eastern Airways, aiming at developing new air services, for the period 2010-13. EU State Aid N 709/09 
(25 March  2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Germany Temporary framework scheme (€100 million 
(US$140 million)) for farmers.  The scheme provides 
aid in the form of direct gran ts, interest rates subsidies, 
and subsidized loans, valid until 31 December 2010, and with a maximum amount of €15,000 (US$21,024) per 
aid. The scheme is in app lication of the amendment to 
the Commission's Temporary framework for State aid measures to support access to finance in the current 
financial and economic cris is, which introduced the 
possibility of granting limited amounts of aid to primary 
agricultural producers. EU State Aid N 597/09 
(10 February 2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Decision adopted on 
23 November 2009. 
Germany Scheme to facilitate the refinancing of export credits 
(overall budget €1.5 billion (US$2.1 billion)) through 
KfW Frankfurt am Main, from 15 September 2009 until 
14 March 2010. The Commission authorized the scheme, under EU State aid rules, to limit the adverse 
impact of the current financial and economic crisis on 
the supply of export credit. EU State Aid N 48/10 
(9 March 2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Prolongation of the scheme 
(with some technical 
modifications) on 
9 March 2010 until 
31 December 2010. 
Germany Aid package (€30.18 million (US$42.3 million)) to steel 
producer ArcelorMittal Eisenhüttenstadt GmbH's for a top gas recycling project (TGR). EU State Aid N 450/09 
(9 March 2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Germany EU State aid (overall budget €45 million (US$63 
million), and annual budge t €22 million (US$30.8 
million)) "Änderung der Regelung für 
Innovationsbeihilfen an den Schiffbau" for shipbuilding 
sector. EU State Aid N 116/10 
(10 May 2010). Effective from 1 May 2010 
to 31 December 2010 
Germany Aid scheme (€2,050 million (U S$2,873 million)) for all 
sectors (Änderung der sog., Bundesregelung 
Kleinbeihilfen" im Bereich der Nachrangdarlehen). EU State Aid N 255/10 
(31 August 2010). Effective from 
1 September 2010 to 
31 December 2010.  
Greece State aid to aluminium of Greece SA.  EU State Aid C 2/10 (ex NN 
62/09) (16 April 2010).   
Hungary Short-term export credit insurance scheme (€183 
million (US$256.5 million)). EU State Aid N 187/10 
(5 July 2010). Effective from 5 July 2010 
to 31 December 2010. 
Hungary Amendment of the Temporary Framework Guarantee 
Scheme which determines the maximum amount of the investment loan that can be covered by a guarantee on 
the basis of the EU 27 average labour costs. Public information available on 
the European Commission's website transmitted by the EU Delegation. EU State Aid N 56/10 (6 August 2010).   
Ireland Amendment to the Framework Scheme - limited 
amounts of compatible aid, increasing its overall budget (from €100 million to €350 million (from US$140 
million to US$490.6 million)) and the maximum 
number of beneficiaries (from 1,000 firms to 2,000 
firms). Public information available on 
the European Commission's website transmitted by the EU 
Delegation. EU State Aid N 
473/09 (15 December 2009).   
Annex 2 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 109 
 
 
Country/ 
Member 
State Measure Source/Date Status 
Italy Temporary interest rate subsidies for "green" products 
(overall budget €300 million (US$420.5 million)). The Italian scheme, which was authorized by the 
Commission under the Temporary Community 
Framework for State Aid measures to support access to finance in the current financial crisis, provides for 
interest rate subsidies for the production of 
environmentally friendly (green ) products related to an 
early adaptation to, or overachievement of, adopted but 
not yet in force EU environmental product standards. 
The beneficiaries will include in particular the car 
sector.  EU State Aid N 542/09 and  
WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
Italy Export credits insurance (overall budget €31.5 million 
(US$44 million)) for Vinyls Italia S.p.A. (land transport and transport via pipelines, chemicals and pharmaceutical industry).  EU State Aid N 77/10 
(25 March 2010) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective from 
1 April 2010 to 
1 October 2010. 
Latvia Guarantee for development of enterprise 
competitiveness. Amendment to the approved aid scheme to include "cooperative partnerships" which 
provide services to producers of agricultural products 
(purchase, supply, distribution, and transport), to the list of eligible beneficiaries. Due to the extension of eligible 
beneficiaries, the Latvian authorities estimate an 
increase of the overall budget to LVL 40.6 million 
(US$79.6 million). EU State Aid N 506/2009 
(22 December 2009) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
Latvia State guarantee (€89 million (US$124.7 million)) to 
steel manufacturer JSC Liep ājas Metalurgs (LM), 
authorised by the Commission under EU State aid rules. 
The aid is intended for the company modernization. EU State Aid N 670/2009 and  
WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective until 
15 December 2019. 
Latvia Short-term export credit insurance scheme for 
temporarily non-marketable risk s related to exports into 
EU markets and into individual OECD countries.  Public information available on 
the European Commission's 
website transmitted by the EU 
Delegation. EU State Aid 
N 84/10 (10 June 2010). Effective from 1 July 2010 
to 31 December 2010. 
Latvia Aid scheme (LVL 55.8 mill ion (US$109.4 million)), in 
the form of direct grant for the agriculture sector (in 
compliance with the Rural Development Programme 
2007-13). EU State Aid N 256/10 
(17 August 2010). Effective until 
31  December 2013. 
Lithuania Scheme allowing aid of up to €500,000 (US$700,800) 
per firm to businesses facing funding problems because 
of the current credit squeeze.  (Beneficiary: companies  
that were not in difficulty on 1 July 2008).  EU State Aid Nos. N 272/09, N 
523/2009, N 46/10 and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Amended on 
13  November 2009,  
extending its scope of application to include two 
measures (i) on 
diversification into non-agricultural activities; and 
(ii) on support for business 
creation and development, which are integrated in the 
Rural Development 
Programme 2007-13. 
Lithuania Short-term export credit insurance (LTL 100 million 
(US$40.5 million)). The Co mmission authorized, under 
EU State aid rules, a measure adopted by Lithuania to 
limit the adverse impact of the current financial crisis on 
exporting firms. EU State Aid N 659/09 and  
WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
Netherlands Amendments to the short-term export credit insurance 
(initially approved on 2 Oct ober 2009). The modified 
scope of the cover provided and the level of the 
premium charged are designed  to stimulate exports.  EU State Aid N 14/10 
(5 February  2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Annex 2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 110  
 
Country/ 
Member 
State Measure Source/Date Status 
Netherlands Temporary state aid to help farmers (€2.81 million 
(US$3.94 million)) available un til the end of 2010.  Aid 
will take the form of state guarantees on working capital loans. EU State Aid N 611/09 
(6 February 2010) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Decision adopted on 
22 December 2009. 
Netherlands "Subsidieregeling innovatieve zeescheepsbouw". Direct 
grant (overall budget €60 m illion (US$84.1 million), 
annual budget €20 million (US$28 million)) for the 
shipbuilding sector. EU State Aid N 692/09 
(9 February 2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective from 
1 January 2010 to 31 December 2011. 
Netherlands Aid scheme (€21 million for seven years 
(US$29.4 million)), in the fo rm of loan, guarantee, and 
interest subsidy for rescuing and restructuring firms in 
difficulty. EU State Aid N 281/09 
(24 March 2010). Effective until 
1 February 2017. 
Poland State aid to Polish farmers for the purchase of 
agricultural land under the form of subsidized interest 
payments on loans amounting to a maximum of Zl 400 
million (US$139.4 million). Council Decision 2010/10/EC 
(20 November 2009)  and  
WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective from 
1 January 2010 to 31 December 2013. 
Poland Temporary scheme for granting aid of up to €500,000 
(US$700,800) per firm. On 8 October 2009 the scheme 
was amended, allowing an increase of the overall aid at the disposal of an additional group of vulnerable companies, particularly in rural areas. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010   
Poland Aid (Zl 11.7 million (US$4 million)) for Volkswagen 
Motor Polska Sp. Z o.o, under a block exemption 
regulation.   EU State Aid X 128/2010 
(16 April 2010) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Aid granted on 
28 December 2009.  
Poland Aid (Zl 12.48 million (US$4.4 million)) for MTU Aero 
Engines Poslka Sp. Z o.o, under a block exemption 
regulation.  EU State Aid X 130/2010 
(16 April 2010) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Aid granted on 
29 December 2009.  
Poland Soft loan (overall budget Zl 150 million 
(US$52.3 million)) for chemical and pharmaceutical 
industry (Zaklady Chemiczne "Police" SA). EU State Aid N 693/09 
(26 May 2010). Effective from 1 June 2010 
to 30 November 2010. 
Poland Soft loan (overall budget Zl 12.5 million 
(US$4.35 million)) for manufact uring industry (Fabryka 
Lozysk Tocznych Krasnik SA). EU State Aid N 104/10 
(2 June 2010). Effective from 1 June 2010 
to 30 November 2010. 
Poland Soft loan (Zl 8 million (US$2.8 million)) for 
manufacturing industry (Zaklady Sprzetu Precyzyjnego 
"Niewiadów" S.A.). EU State Aid N 126/10 
(25 June 2010). Effective from 
15 June 2010 to 
15 December 2010. 
Poland Amendments to the Temporary Framework - Limited 
amounts of compatible aid (initially adopted on 
17 August 2009). (Beneficiaries: all firms from all 
sectors having an economic activity in Poland). Public information available on 
the European Commission's 
website transmitted by the EU Delegation. EU State Aids N 22/10, N 50/10 and N 86/10. Effective from 
15 July 2010. 
Romania Guarantees for FORD Romania (overall budget 
€400 million (US$560.6 million)). The Commission authorized, under the EU State aid rules, a State 
guarantee for FORD Romania SA to access a loan from 
the European Investment Bank for the period 2009-14. The loan will co-f inance the development of a low CO2 
engine and subsequent vehi cle production at Ford's 
Craiova plant.  EU State Aids N 478/09 and 
N 680/09 and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Romania Temporary aid scheme allowing direct grants of up to 
(€500,000 (US$700,800)) per company. (Beneficiary: 
companies  that were not in difficulty on 1 July 2008).  Public information available on 
the European Commission's website transmitted by the EU 
Delegation. EU State Aid N 
547/09 (5 January 2010).   
Annex 2 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 111 
 
 
Country/ 
Member 
State Measure Source/Date Status 
Slovak Rep. Aid (€14.3 million (US$20 m illion)) for Volkswagen 
Slovakia aiming at the tran sformation of an existing 
plant in Bratislava. The project involving eligible 
investments of €300 million (US$420.5 million) by 
Volkswagen Slovakia, is aimed at contributing to the 
development of the region's economy. EU State Aid N 674/2008 
(2 December 2009) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Slovak Rep. Scheme for a temporary provision of small aid 
(€400 million (US$560.6 million)) in the primary agriculture production sector for the duration of the financial and economic crisis.   EU State Aid N 707/09 
(3 March 2010) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
Slovak Rep. Temporary aid scheme allowing direct grants of up to 
(€500,000 (US$700,800)) per company, for the period 2009-10. The scheme provides aid in the form of 
remission of debt. (Beneficiary: companies facing 
funding problems due to the current crisis).  EU State Aid N 711/09 
(2 February 2010) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
Slovak Rep. Aid support (€3.32 milli on (US$4.65 million)) for 
farmers through direct grants. EU State Aid XA 7/10 and  
WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective from 
19 February 2010 to 31 December 2010. 
Slovak Rep. Aid scheme (€80.5 million (U S$112.8 million)), in the 
form of temporary reduction of the mineral oil tax,  for the agricultural sector. EU State Aid N 111/10 
(28 April 2010). Effective from  
1 May 2010 to 31 December 2012. 
Slovak Rep. Aid scheme (overall budget €400 million 
(US$560.6 million)), for all s ectors (except agricultural 
primary production and fishing industry). The scheme provides aid in the form of remission of debt.  EU State Aid N 711/09 
(2 February 2010). Effective until 
31 December 2010 
Slovenia Short-term export credit in surance scheme (€50 million 
(US$71 million)). The scheme requires a higher remuneration than that offere d by the private market and 
tackles the problem of the cu rrent insufficiency of short-
term export credit insurance covered by the private 
market. (Beneficiary: insura nce companies that insure 
claims of insurance holders registered in Slovenia, 
provided that these companie s have concluded a whole-
turnover contract with insurers). EU State Aid N 713/09 
(16 March 2010) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
Slovenia Amendment to the Temporary Framework Scheme 
"Guarantees-Jamstvena Sc hema (NN 34/09)" (overall 
budget €1.2 billion (US$1.68 billion)). The amendment 
relates to the possibility to calculate maximum amount of the underlying investment loan covered by a 
guarantee also on the basis of the annual EU27 average 
labour costs. The original scheme intended to be provide in the form of gua rantees to both investment 
and working capital loans including the reprogramming 
of short-term loans into medium-or long-term loans. Reprogramming of loans is allowed only for short-term 
loans. Loans intended for the buy-out of companies or 
shares therein or for the pa ying-off of existing loans not 
covered by the scheme are excluded. (Beneficiary: 
SMEs and large enterprises that exercise an economic 
activity in Slovenia). EU State Aid N 105/10 
(16 April 2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
Spain Direct grant (about €3.7 million (US$5.2 million)) for 
food processing (Grupo Alimentario Naturiber SA). EU State Aid N 403/09 
(10 December 2009). Effective from 
10 December 2009 to 
31 December 2010. 
Spain Aid scheme (direct grant) fo r investment in agricultural 
holdings (€8.3 million (US$11.6 million)). EU State Aid N 87/10 
(28 April 2010). Effective from 
30 June 2010 to 
31 December 2013. 
Spain Guarantee scheme for businesses facing funding 
problems, for the year 2010. Public information available on 
the European Commission's 
website transmitted by the EU 
Delegation. EU State Aids N 68/10 and 157/10 (20 April 2010).   
Annex 2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 112  
 
Country/ 
Member 
State Measure Source/Date Status 
Sweden Short-term export credit insurance scheme. The 
Commission authorized under EU State aid rules, a measure adopted by Sweden to limit the adverse impact of the current financial crisis on exporting firms. EU State Aid N 605/09 
(25 November 2009) and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
Sweden State guarantee (€400 million (US$560.6 million)) for 
SAAB Automobile AB to access a loan from the 
European Investment Bank, for the period 2010-19. 
SAAB is ask to pay an adequate remuneration for the guarantee and provide sufficient securities in the case the guarantee would be drawn. EU State Aid N 541/09 
(8 February 2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
United 
Kingdom Extension of the short-term provision of small amounts 
(£20 million (US$31.7 million)) to primary agricultural 
producers. EU State Aid N 71/10 
(28 April 2010). Effective until 
31 December 2010. 
Hong 
Kong, 
China Extension of the Special Loan Guarantee Scheme to 
assist local enterprises until 31 December 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
India Government support (financial aid package) for the 
National Aviation Company of India Ltd. (Air India).  
Rs 8 billion (US$180.6 million) approved on 
18 February 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
India Extension of the stimulus package for exporters 
covering sectors such as textiles and apparel, 
engineering, electronics, agro-food, and agro-chemicals,  
from 31 March 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
Japan As part of the New Stimulus Package, Government 
programme (¥370 billion (U S$4.56 billion)), to 
encourage the purchase of environmentally friendly 
vehicles (local and imported). The amount of subsidies depends on the type of the vehicle, the age of the car to be replaced, its fuel efficiency, or simply purchase of 
new one without replaceme nt. Programme undergoing 
amendments to facilitate greater participation of 
imported cars. Permanent Delegation of Japan 
to the WTO (11 October 2010) 
and WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Programme terminated on 
8 September 2010.  
Japan New stimulus package (US$60 billion) approved by the 
Cabinet on 8 October 2010. Permanent Delegation of Japan 
to the WTO (20 October 2010).   
Korea, Rep. 
of Korean Hidden Champion Programme of the Export-
Import Bank of Korea (KEXIM) providing tailored loans and guarantees at market rates according to the 
risk profile of the borrower, for selected SMEs  with 
high technologies and growth potential (45 identified as of May 2010). The total amount of  the programme is 
not fixed, but KEXIM set a target of W 20 trillion 
(US$16.6 billion) for the next  10 years. The programme 
is not aimed at specific sectors. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Pakistan In order to facilitate trade the State Bank of Pakistan 
allows advance payment (up to 100%) of Import Letters 
of Credit. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective 31 January 2010. 
Peru Measures to facilitate the financing of  micro and SMEs, 
through "factoring". Permanent Delegation of Peru 
to the WTO (11 October 2010).   
Russian 
Federation "Plan of Industry Support"  (Rub 195 billion (US$6.33 
billion)) for 2010 (mainly through the provision of State 
guarantees on credits). Measures include support to companies, purchase of vehicles for the public sector, and support to housi ng and utilities sector. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Russian 
Federation Increase of annual federal funding (from Rub 6 billion 
to Rub 9 billion (US$194.8 million to US$292.2 
million)) for exports of industrial products, as a partial compensation of payment of interest on credits given 
by Russian financial institutions for the period 2005-
10. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Annex 2 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/13 
 Page 113 
 
 
Country/ 
Member 
State Measure Source/Date Status 
Russian 
Federation Cash-for-clunkers plan (Rub 10 billion 
(US$324.7 million)) allocated in the Federal Budget for 2010. Rub 50,000 (US$1,623) for vehicles older 
than 10 years. Both foreign and domestic old cars can 
be utilized under this programme, but only new domestic cars can be bought with the discount. The plan is part of the "Plan of Industry Support". WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010 and Permanent 
Delegation of the Russian 
Federation (20 October 2010). The plan was extended 
until the end of 2011. 
Russian Federation Prolongation of subsidies granted in 2009 to producers 
of agricultural machinery and automotive industry. Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation (20 October 2010).   
Russian 
Federation Government support (Rub 2 billion (US$64.9 million)) 
for exporting SMEs. Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation 
(20 October 2010).   
Singapore Export Coverage Scheme (ECS) intended to cover 
insolvency and protracted defaults of end buyers 
(coverage up to 90%). Originally scheduled to be 
effective from 1 March 2009 to 28 February 2010. WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Extension of the ECS until 
31 January 2011. 
Switzerland Three new schemes established through "OSEC 
Business Network Switzerland" to promote SMEs' 
exports (Cleantech, Medtech, Architecture/Engineering/De sign). The initial financial 
endowment is part of the third economic stabilization 
package.  Permanent Delegation of 
Switzerland to the WTO 
(18 October 2010). 
  
Switzerland Geneva Cantonal aid to milk producer (Sw F 1/litre 
(US$1.04/litre) instead of Sw f 0.6/litre (US$0.63/litre)). Permanent Delegation of 
Switzerland to the WTO (18 October 2010).   
United 
States Jobs for Main Street Act (H.R. 2847), including two 
"Buy American" provisions.  Section 2013 adds procedural requirements relating to the issuance of public interest waivers for highways and public 
transportation projects. Section 4002 also provides that 
"all funds provided under this Act shall be subject to the requirements of section 1605 of the ARRA, which 
includes the requirement that the "Buy American" 
clause be applied in a manner consistent with 
international agreements".   WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010. Effective 18 March 2010.  
United 
States Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 including temporary 
tax credits and expansion of loan programmes for 
SMEs. Permanent Delegation of the 
United States to the WTO 
(20 October 2010). Effective 
27 September 2010. 
Venezuela Fondo Bicentenario (overall budget Bs 3 billion 
(US$699.3 million)) aiming at: (i) developing non-
traditional exports (Bs 1 billion (US$233.1 million)); 
and (ii) selective import substitution (Bs 2 billion (US$466.2 million)). Decreto No. 7.173 - Gaceta 
Oficial No. 39.349 
(19 January 2010) and WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010. 
  
  
 
  
NON-VERIFIED INFORMATION  
Country/ 
Member 
State Measure Source/Date Status 
Armenia Financial support measure for agricultural production. Press reports 
(26 August 2010).   
Brazil Financial support measure (R$100 billion 
(US$59.17 billion)) for agricultural production for the  
2010-11 season. Grain Market Report 
GMR No. 401 
(24 June 2010).   
Annex 2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/13 
Page 114  
 
Country/ 
Member 
State Measure Source/Date Status 
Croatia Reduction of government subsidies (40%) for agriculture 
sector. Agence France Presse 
(8 March 2010) and  WTO 
Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 
of 14 June 2010.    
Israel Government support measures to boost high-tech 
industries (tax breaks and subsidies). Financial Times 
(22 July 2010).   
Kazakhstan Reimbursement to local producers of 50% of certain 
export costs such as certification, participation on foreign exhibitions, and promotion, since February 2010. Press reports (February 2010) 
and  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Mozambique Scheme for the provision of  reduced interest loans 
(US$25 million) for small farmers. Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 404 (23 September 2010).   
South Africa Second Industrial Policy Action Plan (IPAP) for 12 "focus 
sector" such as textiles and clothing, plastics, 
pharmaceutical and chemicals, automotive, and tourism.   Press reports 
(18 February 2010) and  WTO Document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 
14 June 2010.   
Tanzania Increase of the budget allocated for the agriculture sector 
(T Sh 903.8 billion (US$604.5 million)) in order to support the development of high quality seeds, and the purchase of farm inputs. Grain Market Report 
GMR No. 401 
(24 June 2010).   
Uruguay Renewal of State aid (Ur$25 million (US$1.2 million)) for 
textile and apparel sub-sectors. El País digital (12 May 2010) 
and  WTO Document WT/TPR/OV/W/3 of 14 June 2010.   
 
 
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