RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
19 July 2005 
 (05-3209) 
Council for Trade in Services 
Special Session Original:   English 
 
 
 
EGYPT 
 
Revised Offer  
 
 The following revised offer h as been received from the delegation of Egypt, on 30 June 2005, 
with the request that it be circulated to Members of the Council for Trade in Services. 
  
_______________ 
 
 
1. In reaffirmation of its commitment to achieving a progressively  higher level of 
liberalization of trade in services, Egypt hereby  submits its Revised Conditional Offer in the 
framework of the ongoing negotiations on trade in se rvices provided for in Article XIX of the General 
Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and pursu ant to Paragraphs 15, 47 and 49 of the Doha 
Ministerial Declaration, and the General Council D ecision on 1 August 2004, in addition to the Initial 
Conditional Offer submitted by Egypt on 13 December 2004. 
2. The offer includes the Schedule of Specific Commitments and the List of Article II (MFN) 
Exemptions.  Modifications are indicated in this document according to the guidelines agreed upon by 
Members. 
3. In consistency with Article I.3 of the GA TS, the offer does not include services supplied in 
the exercise of Government Authority. 
4. This offer is conditional on other WTO Members making substa ntive and satisfactory offers 
in areas of interest to Egypt in the framewor k of the Doha Work Programme, as well as credits 
granted to liberalizing measures undertaken autonom ously by Egypt.  This offer does not prejudge 
Egypt's final position on the outcome of the ongoing negotiations on trade in services and the overall 
negotiations under the Doha Work Programme. 
5. Egypt reserves the right to modify or withdraw , fully or partially, it s offer at any time prior 
to the conclusion of the negotia tions.  Egypt further reserves th e right to make any technical 
rectifications or amendments of any errors, om issions, or inaccuracies for the purpose of further 
clarification of the terms and conditions in this offer. 
 
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 2 EGYPT  – REVISED OFFER 
 
Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
 
 ALL SECTORS 
 INCLUDED IN THIS 
 SCHEDULE 
    
 
  
 
 
  
 3) None 3) Acquisition of land : 
 
Authorization is required for the 
acquisition of land and/or real estate property.  Applications in this respect are 
considered on the basis of the evaluation of 
the specific projects for which the acquisition is requested and in accordance 
with the national policy objectives.  
   
Acquisition of land an d/or real estate 
property in free zone areas is unbound. 
  
 4) The entry and temporary stay of natural 
persons  
 
According to the labour code (Law 
No.137/1981) and its executive 
regulations, the number of foreign 
personnel necessary to the supply of 
services in any entity, regardless of number 
of its branches, shall not exceed 10 per 
cent of the total number of personnel 
employed therein, unless otherwise 
specified in a sectoral entry of this 
schedule . 
 4) None for the  measures affecting the 
categories referred to under market 
access . 
   
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 3Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 Unbound except for the following categories : 
 
1.  Business visitors  
 
A natural person who stays in Egypt 
without acquiring remuneration within Egypt and without engaging in making 
direct sales or supplying services to the 
general public, for the purposes of participating in business meetings, 
business contacts including negotiations 
for the sale of services and/or other similar activities including those 
negotiations to prepare for establishing 
a commercial presence in Egypt:  ．
Entry 
and stay shall be for a period of 90 days. 
   
 2.  Intra-Corporate Transferee s 
 
 Access is subject to th e following conditions: 
-  the natural person concerned must 
work within a juridical person, established in the territory of a WTO 
Member and have been employed by it  
for a period of at least two years immediately preceding the date of their 
application for admission 
-  the natural person concerned must be 
seeking temporary entry in order to 
render services to (i) the same juridical person which is engaged in substantive 
business operations in Egypt or    
  (ii) Juridical pers on constituted in 
Egypt and engaged in substantive business operations in Egypt which is 
owned by or controlled by or affiliated with the aforementioned juridical 
person. 
    
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 4 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 -  A work permit is required from the 
relevant Egyptian authorities, and the 
number of foreign natural persons 
necessary to the supply of services in 
any entity, regardless of the number of its branches shall not exceed 10% of the 
total number of personnel employed 
therein.   
 -  the natural person concerned 
must belong to one of the 
following categories: 
 
(a) Senior  Managers:  Persons 
working in a senior position within a juridical person, who 
primarily direct the 
management of the establishment, receiving 
general supervision or direction 
principally from the board of 
directors or stockholders of the 
business or their equivalent, including: 
 
- directing the establishment or a 
department or sub-division of 
the establishment; 
- supervising and controlling the 
work of other supervisory, professional or managerial 
employees; 
- having the authority personally 
to hire and fire or recommend 
hiring, firing or other personnel actions. 
 Compliance with an ENT is not required 
for senior managers. 
    
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 5Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
  
(b) Specialists:  Persons working 
within a juridical person who possess uncommon knowledge 
essential to the establishment's 
service, research equipment, techniques or management.  In 
assessing such knowledge, 
account will be taken to the non-availability of such specialized 
personnel in Egypt, the 
applicant's employment experience, qualifications and 
suitability for the position. 
 
    
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 6 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
II: SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
 
B. Computer 
and Related 
Services  
  
 
3) a)Companies working in Egypt 
shall contribute to 
development of local capacities 
in the area of computer and 
related services. 
4) a) After 4 years of the start up 
date of the company as defined 
by the applicable licenses, 
foreign employees should not 
exceed 10% of the total 
workforce of the company. 
b) After 3 years of start up 
date of the venture as defined 
by the applicable licenses for 
the company, at least 60% of 
the top management level must 
be Egyptians nationals  
 c)Temporary Work permits 
shall be granted for senior 
managers and specialists for a 
period of 6 months and 
renewable only once except for 
scarce skills not available in 
the country -- as will be 
defined and updated by MCIT. 
    
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 7Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
a) Consulting services 
related to the 
installation of computer 
hardware (CPC 841) 
  
 
1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
 
1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
b) Software 
implementation 
services (CPC 842) 
 Systems and 
software consulting 
services (CPC 8421)  
 
1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section   
 
1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
 
 System analysis 
services (CPC 8422) 
 System design 
services (CPC 8423)  
 
1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
 
1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
 
 Programming 
services (CPC 8424) 
 System maintenance 
services (CPC  8425) 
  
 
1) Unbound, However special 
cases may be considered e.g. if 
such services are an integral 
part of a larger business model 
which would be assessed by 
MCIT to bring in larger value 
to the country.     
2) None 
3) None 
4) None, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 
  
 
1) None 
 
 
  
 
 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None    
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 8 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
c) Data processing 
services (CPC 843) 
 Input preparation 
services (CPC 8431) 
  
1) Unbound, However special 
cases may be considered e.g. if 
such services are an integral 
part of a larger business model 
which would be assessed by 
MCIT to bring in larger value 
to the country. 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, However special 
cases may be considered e.g. if 
such services are an integral 
part of a larger business model 
which would be assessed by 
MCIT to bring in larger value 
to the country.     
1) None 
  
 
  
 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, However special 
cases may be considered e.g. if 
such services are an integral 
part of a larger business model 
which would be assessed by 
MCIT to bring in larger value 
to the country.    
 Data-processing and 
tabulation services 
(CPC 8432) 
 Time-sharing 
services (CPC 
8433) 
 Other data 
processing services 
(CPC 8439)  
1) Unbound, However special 
cases may be considered e.g. if 
such services are an integral 
part of a larger business model 
which would be assessed by 
MCIT to bring in larger value 
to the country.     
2) None 
3) None 
4) None, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.  
1) None 
 
  
 
  
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
d) Data base services 
(CPC844)  
1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 
  
1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 9Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
e) Maintenance and 
Repair (CPC 845)  
 
1) Unbound, However special 
cases may be considered e.g. if 
such services are an integral 
part of a larger business model 
which would be assessed by 
MCIT to bring in larger value 
to the country.     
2) None 
3) None 
4) None, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 
  
 
1) None 
 
 
  
 
 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
f) Other computer 
services (CPC 849) 
 Data preparation 
services (CPC 8491) 
 Other computer 
services (CPC 8499) 
  1) Unbound. 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 10 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 
 
2.B.  Courier 
 Services 
(CPC 75121 – Multi-modal 
courier services 
Services consisting of pick-up, 
transport and delivery 
services, whether for domestic 
or foreign destinations of 
letters, parcels and packages, 
rendered by courier and using 
one or more modes of 
transport, other than by the 
national postal 
administration. These services 
can be provided by using 
either self-owned or public 
transport media. 
 
Exclusions; Courier services 
for mail by air are classified 
in subclass 73210 (Mail 
transportation by air). 
  
1) Unbound. 
2) None 
3) Special Authorization from the 
Egyptian National Postal 
Organization (ENPO) will be 
needed. Authorizations are to 
be granted based on ENT till 
31/12/2009. 
After that date, None. 
4) None, except as indi cated in horizontal 
commitments .  
1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
 
 
 
 
  
4)  None    
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 11Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
2.C. 
 Telecommunications  
 Services  
 
This schedule does not 
include telecommunication 
services supplied for 
distribution of radio or television programming 
for direct reception by 
service consumer. 3) (a) Licenses for the provision of all 
telecommunication services in 
Egypt are to be granted by the Telecommunications Regulatory 
Authority.  A transparent and 
non-discriminatory Economic Needs Test shall be the main 
basis for granting licenses until 
31/12/2005.
1 
 
 (b) Licenses are to be provided only 
to companies registered in Egypt. 
 
 (c) Telecom Egypt has exclusive 
rights to provide cross-border 
transmission into or  out of 
Egypt using any means of technology for an exclusivity 
period that terminates no later 
than 31/12/2005. 
  Licenses providing international 
data communication services have to lease international 
private lines from Telecom 
Egypt throughout the period of exclusivity. 
 
 (d) Companies working in the 
telecommunications sector must 
train local human resources. 
  The government of 
Egypt undertakes 
additional commitments as 
set out in the 
attached reference 
paper hereto. Egypt 
is currently in the 
process of 
presenting a new 
Telecommunicatio
ns Act to the 
People 's Assembly 
(Egyptian 
Parliament)  
                                                      
 1 Continuation of ENT  beyond 31/12/2005 shall be subject to cons ultations between Egypt and WTO Members taking into considerati on progress of the CTS discussions on 
ENT.  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 12 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
International and 
domestic services using 
any means of technology: 
 
2.C.a Voice 
telephone 
services 
2.C.d Telex services 2.C.e Telegraph 
services 
2.C.f Facsimile 
services 
2.C.g Private leased 
lines (International 
Only)   
1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that date, 
 none
2 
2) None 
3) (a) Telecom Egypt has an 
exclusivity for the provision of the services that terminates no 
later than 31/12/2005.  After that 
date, none. 
 (b) Resale of services is allowed 
based on agreements with 
Telecom Egypt. 
 (c) Telecom Egypt is currently 
privatizing part of its shares 
through an initial public offering or sale to a strategic investor. 
  Telecom Egypt may continue the 
privatization up to 49% of its shares in subsequent stages. 
 (d) Public payphones, none. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
 section. 
  
1) None 
 2) None 
3) None 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
International services 
using any means of 
technology: 
 2.C.b&c Data services 
2.C.o Internet services 1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that date, 
 none
2. 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
 section. 
  1) None 
 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
                                                      
 2 A license is required.  
 
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 13Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
Domestic services using 
any means of 
technology: 
 
2.C.b&c Data services 
2.C.g Private leased 
lines 
2.C.o Internet 
services  
1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that date, 
none2. 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal  section 
  
1) None 
 2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  
Other services: 
2.C.o Mobile 
services 
  (Digital Only) 1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that date 
 none2. 
2) None 
3) Two private GSM900 operators have licenses 
 t o provide the services in Egypt with exclusive 
 right until 30/11/2002.   
 After that date,  none. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
 section. 
 1) None 
 
2) None 
3) None  
 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
Other services using any 
means of technology: 
2.C.o Paging 
services 
2.C.o VSAT 2.C.h.-n. -Value Added 
Services 1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that 
date, none
2. 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal  Section 
 1) None 
 2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
                                                      
  2 A license is required. 
 
 
 
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 14 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
3. CONSTRUCTION 
AND RELATED 
ENGINEERING SERVICES 
    
A. Construction work 
for building    
- Constructions work 
for multi-dwelling 
buildings CPC (5122) 
- Construction work 
for warehouses and industrial buildings 
CPC (5123) 
- Construction work 
for commercial 
buildings 
CPC (5124) 
- Construction work 
for other buildings CPC (5129) 
 1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound* 
3) (a) Access only for projects over 
$50 million or equivalent in 
other currencies where foreign partners have to engage a 
domestic partner registered as 
a member of the Egyptian Federation of Contractors 
with a percentage not less than 
51% of the total value of the project given to the Egyptian 
contractor. 
 (b)  unbound for the establishment of 
foreign supplier in Sinai. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal commitments. 
 1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound* 3) (a) Licenses are to be provided by 
the Egyptian Federation of 
Contractors only to foreign companies registered in Egypt 
as a corresponding member. 
 (b) Companies working in the construction 
sector must train local human 
resources. 
 (c) Transfer of technology is a must 
according to the ty pe of the project. 
 
 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal commitments.   
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 15Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
B. Construction Work for 
Civil Engineering   
  
  
  
 
- Bridges, elevated 
highways, tunnels 
and subways 
CPC (5132)  
- Waterways, 
harbours, dams and 
other water work 
CPC (5133) 
- Long distance 
pipelines, communication and 
power lines (cables) 
CPC (5134)  
- Construction for mining 
 and manufacturing 
 CPC (5136) 
 1) Unbound
* 
2) Unbound* 
3) - Commercial presence is only 
allowed for joint-venture companies. 
 
 - Foreign capital equity shall not 
exceed 49 per cent of the total 
capital required for the project. 
4) None 1) Unbound
* 
2) Unbound* 
3) None 
  
 
  
 
4) None   
                                                      
 * Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
 
 
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 16 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
- For  highways (except 
elevated highways), 
streets, roads, railways and airfield runways 
CPC (5131) 
- For construction work 
for sport and recreation 
CPC (5137) 
 1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound* 
3)  (a) Access only for projects over $50 
million or equivalent in other 
currencies where foreign partners 
have to engage a domestic partner registered as a member of the 
Egyptian Federation of Contractors 
with a percentage not less than 51% of the total value of the project given 
to the Egyptian contractor. 
 (b) Unbound for the establishment of 
foreign supplier in Sinai. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal commitments. 1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound* 
3) (a) Licenses are to be provided by 
the Egyptian Federation of 
Contractors only to foreign 
companies registered in Egypt as a corresponding member. 
 (b) Companies working in the 
construction sector must train local human resources. 
 (c) Transfer of technology is a must 
according to th e type of the 
project. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal commitments. 
   
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 17Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 
3.C Installation and 
assembly Work  
 
Installation Work :  
- Gas fitting construction 
work CPC (5163)  
 
Electrical Work :  
- Fire alarm 
construction work  
CPC (51642 ) 
- Other electrical 
construction work  
CPC (51649) 
 
- Other installation work  
CPC (5169)  
- Lift and escalator 
construction work  
CPC (51691) 
  
1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound* 
3) - Commercial presence is only 
allowed for joint-venture 
companies. 
 
 - Foreign capital equity shall not 
exceed 49 per cent of the total capital required for the project. 
4) None   
1) Unbound
* 
2) Unbound* 
3) None 
 
  
 
  
4) None 
  
                                                      
 * Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
 
 
  
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 18 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
- Electrical wiring 
and fitting work 
CPC (51641) 
 1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound* 
3) (a) Access only for projects over $50   $10 
million or equivalent in other 
currencies where foreign partners have 
to engage a domestic partner registered as a member of the Egyptian 
Federation of Contractors with a 
percentage not less than 51% of the total value of the project given to the 
Egyptian contractor. 1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound* 
3) (a) Licenses are to be provided by 
the Egyptian Federation of 
Contractors only to foreign 
companies registered in Egypt as a corresponding member. 
 (b) Companies working in the construction 
sector must train local human resources. 
 (c) Transfer of technology is a must 
according to the ty pe of the project. 
  
  (b) Unbound for the establishment of 
foreign supplier in Sinai. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal commitments.  
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in horizontal 
commitments. 
   
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 19Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
D. Building completion 
and finishing works 
(CPC 517)  
- Glazing work and 
window glass 
installation work 
(CPC 5171) 
- Plastering work (CPC 
5172) 
-  Painting work (CPC 
5173) 
- Floor and wall tiling 
work (CPC 5174) 
- Other floor laying, wall 
covering and wall 
papering work (CPC 
5175) 
- Wood and metal joinery 
and carpentry work 
(CPC 5176) 
- Interior fitting 
decoration work 
(CPC 5177) 
- Ornamentation fitting 
work (CPC 5178) 
-  Other building 
completion and 
finishing work (CPC 
5179) 
 1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound* 
3) (a) Access only for projects over $10 
million or equivalent in other currencies 
where foreign partners have to engage a 
domestic partner registered as a member 
of the Egyptian Federation of Contractors 
with a percentage not less than 51% of 
the total value of the project given to the 
Egyptian contractor. 
(b) Unbound for the establishment of 
foreign supplier in Sinai.  
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal commitments. 1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound* 
3) (a) Licenses are to be provided by the 
Egyptian Federation of Contractors 
only to foreign companies registered in 
Egypt as a corresponding member. 
 (b) Companies working in the construction 
sector must train local human resources. 
  
 
 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in horizontal 
commitments. 
   
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 20 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
3.E Other  
 
- Demolition work 
CPC (5112) 
- Scaffolding work 
CPC (51160) 
- Foundation work, incl. 
pile driving CPC (5151) 
- Water well drilling 
CPC (5152) 
 1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound* 
3) (a) Access only for projects over 
$50 million or equivalent in 
other currencies where foreign 
partners have to engage a domestic partner registered as 
a member of the Egyptian 
Federation of Contractors with a percentage not less than 
51% of the total value of the 
project given to the Egyptian contractor. 
 1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound* 
3) (a) Licenses are to be provided by 
the Egyptian Federation of 
Contractors only to foreign 
companies registered in Egypt as a corresponding member. 
 (b) Companies working in the 
construction sector must train local human resources. 
 (c) Transfer of technology is a must 
according to th e type of the 
project. 
  
  (b) Unbound for the establishment of 
foreign supplier in Sinai. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in horizontal 
 commitments. 
  
 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal commitments. 
  
Special Trade 
Construction Work   
- Steel bending and 
erection (including 
welding) CPC (5155)  
- Other special trade  
construction work  
CPC (5159) 
- Renting services related to 
equipment for construction or demolition of buildings 
or civil engineering works, 
with operator CPC (5180)  
 1) Unbound
* 
2) Unbound* 
3) - Commercial presence is only 
allowed for joint-venture 
companies. 
 - Foreign capital equity shall not 
exceed 49 per cent of the total capital required for the project. 
4) None 1) Unbound
* 
2) Unbound* 
3) None 
 
 
 
  
4) None 
  
                                                      
 * Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
 
  
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 21Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
9. TOURISM AND 
TRAVEL 
    
A.  Hotels and Restaurants  
1. Hotels and Other 
 Commercial 
 Accommodations  
 
(a) Hotels and motels 
(b) Resort hotels and  accommodation facilities 
(c) Casino hotels 
 
2. Restaurants, Bars and 
 Canteens  
 
(a) Full service restaurants 
(b) Fast food restaurants and  
 cafeteria 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) A licence will be given according to the 
 requirement of economic needs test (main  criteria:  market needs and locating different 
 categories of hotels). 
- Casino services can be provided only through  5 stars hotels (gambling allowed only for 
 foreigners) 
- Limitations on the total number of services  operations depend on the requirement of 
 economic needs test (g eographical location, 
 increase in the number and categories of  tourists) 
- Foreign capital equity should not exceed 49 
 per cent in projects to be established in Sinai 
4) None 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) Training of Egyptian employees should be 
performed by the foreign natural persons within the terms of the contract 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
4) None 
  
B. Travel Agencies and 
 Tour Operators Services  
    
(a) Tour operators, packagers 
 and wholesalers 
(b) Travel agencies  1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Limitations on the total number of services  operations depend on the requirement of 
 economic needs test 
4) None  1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Training of Egyptian employees should be 
performed by the foreign natural persons 
within the terms of the contract 
4) None   
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 22 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
D. Other Tourism Services  
 
1. Tourism Management 
 Services  
  
  
  
 
(a) Tourism property 
 management (b) Rental lease tourism 
 property 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Bound only for representative offices.  
 Limitations on the total number of services 
 operations depend on the requirement of  economic needs test. 
4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Training of Egyptian employees should be 
performed by the foreign natural persons 
within the terms of the contract 
 
4) None 
  
 
2. Tourism Transport Services  
(a) Land transport services 
 1. Long distance tour buses 
2. Short Distance tour buses 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound 
  
 
(b) Inland Water Ways 
 1. Inland Water 
Passenger  
 Transport 2. Inland Water local tours 
3. Cruise ships 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) The addition to the inland water passenger 
 and/or local tours is subject to the physical 
 capacity of the Nile river. 4) None 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
 
 4) None 
  
 
3. Tourism Training 
 Institutions  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
 
4. Tourism Related 
 Conventions  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 23Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
5. Institutional Food Service 
 Caterers  (with the 
 exception of Airport  Catering Facilities which 
 are confined only to the 
 national air carriers)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
 
  
 
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
 
 Measures of specific application : 
 
A.  Insurance Services, the mai n criteria which the economic need s tests apply are as follows:  
 1.
 Surplus demand to traditional classes of insurance gives new companies an opportunity of working without harmful competition to  the market or financial  positions 
 of existing companies an d consequently policy holders.  
 2.
 Exhausting of 50 per cent of the capacity of the existing compan ies, which is calculated on the bases of solvency margin, and t here is a surplus demand in excess 
 of the capacity which enable s a new company to achieve it s purposes.  
 
3. Setting up of a new company leads to an increase of total retention in the market;  taking into account the technical considera tions.  
 4.
 The new companies shall introduce new insurance covers.  
A.    Insurance and Related Insurance Services:         
Commercial presence for insurance and relate d insurance companies should take the fo rm of Egyptian joint-stock company. 
 
B. Other Financial Services : 
  Commercial presence for conducting the activities of other Financial Services (Capital Market Services excluding trading in se curities) should be incorporated in Egypt 
 to take the form of a joint-stock company or a partnership limited by shares. 
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 24 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
A. All Insurance and 
 Insurance-related Services  
    
1. Life, health , and   personal 
 accident  1) None 
2) None 
3) Foreign and joint venture  companies, 
Branches and Agencies  are allowed only to carry 
on business in free zones, provided that their 
activities shall be  confined to the transactions 
carried out in convertible currencies. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
 - No maximum limits required on the foreign 
 shareholding in free zones.  
 
-  Economic needs test shall apply to the inland 
 commercial presence (other than in free 
 zones) according to the criteria as stipulated in 
 the horizontal section.  
 
 Relaxatio n of economic needs test shall be in 
 2000 for life, health & personal accident 
 business.  
   
 - Foreign insurance companies' branches and 
 agencies are not allowed.  
 
- Foreign capital equity shall not exceed 49 per 
 cent of the total capital required for  the 
 company (other than in free zones) up to 
 31  December  1999.  
    
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 25Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 - As of 1 January 2000 , foreign capital equity  
 shall be up to 51 of the total capital required 
for the company (other than in free zones).  
- Ownership of 10% (up to100%) of the 
issued capital equity of the companies operating 
inland is subject to the approval of the prime 
Minister.  
 
 
- Legal cessions of the total transactions must 
 be ceded to Egyptian Reinsurance Co. 
 according to the percentages to be decided by 
 the supervisory author ity Insurance 
companies must cede 50%  on risk premium 
basis of what exceeds the retention limits of 
their direct life insurance transactions carried 
out in Egypt to the Egyptian Reinsurance 
Company.    
-      and 5 per cent of the  Insurance  Company's 
treaties must be Ceded  to the African Reinsurance 
 Co.  
  
 4) Qualified non-Egyptian directors are 
allowed for a five-year term and may be 
renewed.  Their appointment and renewal is subject to the approval of the 
Supervisory Authority. 
 4) A non-Egyptian director must have at least 
two Egyptian understudies .  
  
2. Non-life insurance  1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Foreign and joint venture  companies, 
Branches and Agencies  are allowed only 
to carry on business in free  zones, 
provided that their activities shall be confined to the transactions carried out in 
convertible currencies. 
- No maximum limits required on the 
foreign shareholding in free zones.  
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None   
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 26 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 - Economic needs test shall apply to the inland 
commercial presence (other than in free 
zones) according to the criteria as stipulated 
in the horizontal section.  
 
- Relaxation of economic needs test shall be in 
2002 for non -life business.  Foreign capital 
equity shall not exceed 49 per cent of the total 
capital required for the company (other  than 
in free zones) up to  31 December 2002.  
   
 
 - As of 1 January 2003, Foreign capital equity  
shall be up to 51 of the total capital required 
for the company (other than in free zones).   
 
- Foreign insurance companies' branches and 
 agencies are not al lowed.  
 
- Ownership of 10% (up to100%) of the 
issued capital equity of the companies 
operating inland is subject to the 
approval of the prime Minister.  
 
- Legal cessions of the total transact ions must 
be ceded to Egyptian Reinsurance Co. 
according to the pe rcentages to be decided by 
the supervisory authority and  Insurance  
companies must cede 10% of what exceeds 
retention limits in relation to branches of 
Fire, Oil, Engineering, Aviation, and 
Marine as direct insurance transactions to 
the Egyptian reinsurance company  
 
- and 5 per cent of the Insurance  Company's 
treaties must be Ceded  to the African 
Reinsurance  Co.  
  
 
  
 
 
 
   
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 27Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 4) Qualified non-Egyptian directors are allowed 
for a five year term and may be renewed. 
Their appointment and renewal is subject to the approval of the Supervisory Authority. 
 4) A non-Egyptian director must have at least 
two Egyptian understudies.    
3. Reinsurance and 
 retrocession  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Foreign and joint venture  companies, 
Branches and Agencies  are allowed only to 
carry on business in free zones and inland, and 
in the case of carrying  on their 
activities in free zones  provided that their 
transactions is confin ed to be carried out 
 in convertible currencies. 
 
- - No maximum limits required on the foreign 
 shareholdin g in free zones or inland.  
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
  
 
  
 - Foreign reinsurance companies' branches and 
 agencies are not allowed.  
 
- Ownership of 10% (up to100%) of 
the issued capital equity of the 
companies operating inland is 
subject to the approval of the 
prime Minister.  
 
 
- Insurance and reinsurance companies are not 
 allowed to deal with reinsurers not listed in  the supervisory authority list. 
 
- Five per cent of the Reinsurance  company's 
treaties must be ceded to African Reinsurance 
Co. 
4) None   
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
4) None    
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 28 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
4. Auxiliary services other 
 than intermediation:  
  
  
  
 
(a) Actuarial services 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) Foreign service supplier must be authorized to 
 perform this profe ssion from a competent 
 authority in his home country and registered at 
 the Egyptian register for that purpose. 
4) None  1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) None 
  
 
4) None  
 
(b) Consultancy (risk  assessment and risk  management only) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Foreign service supplier must be authorized to 
 perform this profe ssion from a competent 
 authority in his home country and registered at  the Egyptian register for that purpose. 
4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
  
4) None 
  
 
(c) Loss assessment  1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 3) Foreign service supplier must be authorized to 
 perform this profe ssion from a competent 
 authority in his home country and registered at  the Egyptian register for that purpose. 
4) None 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 3) None 
 
  
4) None 
  
 
(d) Liaison offices 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Commercial presence is bound only for public  relations and market research. 
4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
4) None 
  
 
(e) Intermediation  1) Unbound except  only for life insurance and 
reinsurance services. 
2) Unbound  except  only for life insurance and 
reinsurance services. 
3) Unbound 
4) Unbound 1) None 
2) None 
  
3) Unbound 
4) Unbound 
  
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 29Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
B. Banking Services  
1. Joint-Venture 
 Banks(JVBs): (a) Acceptance of deposits and 
 other forms of repayable 
 funds (b) All types of lending, 
 including consumer credit, 
 and financing of  commercial transactions 
(c) All payment and money 
 transmission services,  including credit, charge and 
 debit cards, traveller's 
 cheques and bankers draft   
1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 3) The share of non-Egyptians in the capital of 
 JVBs and private banks may exceed  49 per 
 cent of the issued capital of any bank, without  ceiling.  On a non-discriminatory basis, 
 ownership of more than 10 per cent of the 
 issued capital of any bank, except through  inheritance, requires the approval of the CBE 
 Board of Directors.  
1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 3) Foreign service suppliers, in the context of 
JVBs are required to offer on-the-job 
training for national employees.  
(d) Guarantees and 
 Commitments 
(e) Trading for own account or 
 for account of customers 
 in:  - Money market 
  instruments (cheques, 
  bills and certificates of   deposits); 
 - foreign exchange; 
 - securities. (f) Participation in share issues 
 and the provision of 
 services related to such  issues through subsidiaries 
(g) Money broking 
(h) Safekeeping of securities (i) Credit reference services  
(j) Safe custody services 
 4) The General Manager should have banking 
 experience in Egypt of no less than ten years 
 for banks established in Egypt other than 
 branches of foreign banks. 4) None   
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 30 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
2. Foreign Bank Branches  
 
 Same activities specified  under 1. above 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) Economic needs test shall be applied.  
 
  
 
  
 
4) None  1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) Branches of foreign banks existing on 5 
June 1992 (the date of enforcement of Law 
No. 37 of 1992) may be licensed to deal in 
local currency in addition to foreign currency subject to the satisfaction of 
minimum capital requir ement, adequacy of 
provisions and other prudential measures (Art. 13 of the executive regulations of the 
said Law). 
4) None   
 
3. Representative Offices of 
 Foreign Banks (R.O.'s)  
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) Foreign banks which desire to set up  representative offices should not have 
 branches in Egypt. 
 
- Activities of R.O.'s should be confined to 
 conducting studies on potential investments,  acting as liaison with their head offices and 
 contributing to solving problems and 
 difficulties that may confront their head  offices' correspondents in Egypt. 
4) None 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) Unbound  
 
 
 
  
 
  
4) None 
  
 
C. Other Financial 
Services     
1. Securities     
(a) Underwriting 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
 
(b) Brokerage 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None 
  
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 31Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(c) Trading in securities 
 (Buy and Sell by individual 
 or institution on the stock  exchange) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
 
(d) Clearing and settlement 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
 
(e) Marketing and market 
 promotion 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
 
(f) Portfolio and investment 
 management 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None 
  
 
(g) Establishment of collective  investment funds 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
 
(h) Venture capital  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
 
2. Financial Leasing  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 32 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
11. TRANSPORT 
SERVICES 
    
A. International Maritime 
 Transport     
(a) Passenger Transportation  
 
(b) Freight Transportation  
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 3) Commercial Presence is only allowed for 
 joint-venture companies.  Foreign capital 
 equity should not exceed 49 per cent.  All  ships owned by the established companies 
 should be registered at the Egyptian ship 
 register as a pre-requisite to fly the Egyptian  flag 
4) 95 per cent of the crew should be national and 
 their wages and salaries should not be less  than 90 per cent of the total paid up wages and 
 salaries  
 The Chairman and majo rity of the Board of 
 Directors must be Nationals 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
 
  
 
  
4) None 
  
 
(f) Supporting services for 
 Maritime Transport:  Port 
 dredging  1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound 
3) Commercial Presence is only allowed for  joint-venture companies.  Foreign capital 
 equity should not exceed 75 per cent 
4) At least 25 per cent of  both the personnel and 
 members of the Board of Directors must be 
 Nationals 
  1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound 
3) None  
 
4) None  
  
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 33Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
C. Air Transport Services  
    
 
Repair, Maintenance and 
Caliberation services of tests 
equipments for civil aircrafts. 
   
 
Selling and Marketing of air 
transport services  
 
  
 
 
Computer Reservation 
Systems (CRS) Services  
  
  
1) Unbound. 
2) None. 
3) None. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 
 
1) None. 
2) None. 
3) None. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal. 
 
 
1) None.  
2) None. 
3) None. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal . 
  
  
1) Unbound. 
2) None . 
3) None. 
4) Unbound.  
 
 
 
1) None.  
2) None. 
3) None. 
4) Unbound.  
 
 
 
1) None.  
2) None. 
3) None. 
4) Unbound. 
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 34  
 
 Reference Paper
 
 
Scope  
 
 The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services. 
 
Definitions  
 
Users  mean service consumers and service suppliers. 
 
Essential facilities  mean facilities of a public telecommunication transport network or service that 
  (a) are exclusively or predominantly  provided by a single or limited 
number of suppliers; and 
 (b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to 
provide a service. 
 A major supplier
 is a supplier which has the ability to mate rially affect the terms of participation 
(having regard to price and supply) in the releva nt market for basic telecommunications services as a 
result of: 
 
 (a) control over essential facilities; or  (b) use of its position in the market  
1. Competitive safeguards 
 
1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
 
  Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone 
or together, are a major supplier from engaging  in or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
 
1.2 Safeguards
 
  The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:   (a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization; 
 
 (b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive 
results; and 
  (c) not making available to other se rvices suppliers on a timely basis 
technical information about essent ial facilities and commercially 
relevant information which are necessary for them to provide services. 
 
2. Interconnection 
 
2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public telecommunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicat e with users of another 
supplier and to access services provided by another supplier, where specific comm itments are 
undertaken.   
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 35 
 
 
  
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured  
  Interconnection with a major supplier will be en sured at any technically feasible point in the 
network. Such interc onnection is provided 
 
 (a)  under non-discriminatory term s, conditions (including technical 
standards and specifications) a nd rates and of a quality no less 
favourable than that provided for it s own like services or for like 
services of non-affiliated service s uppliers or for its subsidiaries or 
other affiliates; 
  (b)  in a timely fashion, on terms,  conditions (including technical standards 
and specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard to econo mic feasibility, and sufficiently 
unbundled so that the supplier need not pay for network components or 
facilities that it does not require for the service to be provided; and 
  (c)  upon request, at points in additi on to the network termination points 
offered to the majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary additional facilities. 
 
2.3 Public availability of the procedures for interconnection negotiations
 
  The procedures applicable fo r interconnection to a major s upplier will be made publicly 
available. 
 
2.4  Transparency of interconnection arrangements
 
  It is ensured that any supplier with a dominant  position will make publicly available either its 
interconnection agreements or a reference interconnection offer. 
 
2.5  Interconnection: dispute settlement
 
  A service supplier requesting in terconnection with a major supplie r will have recourse, either: 
  (a) at any time or 
 
 (b) after a reasonable period of time  which has been made publicly known 
 to an independent domestic body, which may be a regu latory body as referred to  in paragraph 5 below, 
to resolve disputes regarding a ppropriate terms, conditions and ra tes for interconnection within a 
reasonable period of time, to the extent that  these have not been established previously. 
 3. Universal service  
 Any Member has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain. Such obligations will not be regarded  as anti-competitive per se, provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminatory and comp etitively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member. 
 
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 36  
 
 4. Public availability of licensing criteria 
 
 Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available:   (a) all the licensing criteria and the period of  time normally require d to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence and 
  (b) the terms and conditions of individual licences.  The reasons for the denial of a licence will be made known to the applicant upon request. 
 5. Independent regulators  
 
 The regulatory body is separate from, a nd not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services. The decisions of and the procedures used by regul ators shall be impartial 
with respect to all market participants. 
 
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources 
 
 Any procedures for the allocation and use of sc arce resources, includi ng frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an obj ective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory 
manner. The current state of allocated frequency ba nds will be made publicly available, but detailed 
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government us es is not required.  
 
   
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1
Page 37EGYPT – FINAL LIST OF ARTICLE II (MFN) EXEMPTIONS 
 
Sector or Subsector Description of measure 
indicating its inconsistency 
with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
ALL SECTORS 
 Full national treatment is 
extended to foreign personnel of 
the countries indicated in 
column 3  Greece 
Iraq 
Jordan 
Libya Qatar 
Sudan 
United Arab Emirates 
Yemen and possibly: 
other countries  This measure shall be 
maintained as long as the 
agreements referred to in 
column 2 remain in force or are extended 
 To ensure opening of the markets in 
the countries referred to in column 3, 
as the major trading partners do not 
accord the Egyptian nationals satisfactory opportunities. 
 
ROAD TRANSPORT (PASSENGER AND 
FREIGHT)  The supply of road transport 
services by foreign suppliers 
into and across the territory of Egypt is limited to vehicles 
registered in the countries 
indicated in column 3, with which Egypt is a party in 
bilateral or multilateral 
agreements  The Arab-League countries, and 
possibly:  other countries 
 This measure shall be 
maintained as long as the 
agreements referred to in column 2 remain in force 
or are extended 
 To promote intra-Arab trade and 
facilitate movement of Arab citizens 
into Egypt as stipulated in the Arab-League Agreement 
  
 TN/S/O/EGY/Rev.1 
Page 38 
Sector or Subsector Description of measure 
indicating its inconsistency 
with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES (Co-production 
Agreements) 
 Full national treatment is 
extended to audiovisual works (Co-production Agreements) 
originating only in countries 
indicated in column 3, with which Egypt is a party to 
bilateral or multilateral 
agreements 
 Algeria 
Cyprus Iraq 
Jordan 
Kuwait Lebanon 
Libya 
Mauritania 
Morocco 
Oman Sudan 
Syria 
Tunisia United Arab Emirates 
and possibly:   
other countries  This measure shall be 
maintained as long as the agreements referred to in 
column 2 remain in force 
or are extended  To maintain the Arab culture and 
identity  
 
 
__________