WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  G/AG/N/USA/76 
20 September 2010 
 (10-4737) 
Committee on Agriculture Original:   English 
  
 
NOTIFICATION  
 
  The following submission, dated 19 August 2010, is being circulated at the request of the Delegation of the United States .  The notification concerns actions taken within the framework of the 
Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on 
Least-Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries ( Table NF:1 ) during the fiscal years 
2007  and 2008 . 
 G/AG/N/USA/76 
Page 2  
 
  Table NF:1 
 
NOTIFICATION UNDER ARTICLE 16:2 OF THE AGREEMENT:  MONITORING OF THE 
FOLLOW-UP TO THE DECISION ON ME ASURES CONCERNING THE POSSIBLE 
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE REFORM PROGRAM ON LEAST-DEVELOPED AND NET 
FOOD-IMPORTING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: 
United States of America 
 
REPORTING PERIOD: 
1 October 2006 – 30 September 2007 
 
 
(1) Quantity of food aid provided to least-developed and net food-importing developing countries
1: 
 
 Tonnage   Product  
 
 500 Barley  35,830 Beans  85,000 Bulgur  34,920 Corn 
 159,130 Cornmeal 
 106,060 Corn-Soy Blend  45,900 Lentils  5,390 Non-fat Dry Milk  105,750 Peas 
 140 Potatoes 
 76,690 Rice  1,320 Salmon  401,220 Sorghum  90 Soy Flour  21,230 Soy-fortified (S.F.) Bulgur 
 5,640 S.F. Cornmeal 
 430 S.F. Sorghum Grits   350 Soy Protein Products  40,000 Soybean Meal  167,300 Vegetable Oil 
 820,930 Wheat 
 32,150 Wheat Flour  1,400
 Wheat Soy Blend 
 
Total  2,147,370 tonnes 
 
(2) Indication of the proportion in fully grant form or appropriate concessional terms2:  
 
 The aid listed above was provided under the P.L. 480, Food for Progress, Section 416(b), and 
Food for Education programs.  The allocations to the various food aid programs were as follows: 
 
 0 tonnes Title I Trade and Developm ent Assistance through governments; 
                                                      
1 Includes some regional groups, within which is a least-developed or net food-importing country. 
2 Further food aid information is available at the following websites: 
http://www.fas.usda.gov/excredits /FoodAid/Reports/reports.html  and http://www.fas.usda.gov/food-aid.asp .  G/AG/N/USA/76 
 Page 3 
 
 
   48,960 tonnes Food for Education through Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs), 
World Food Program (WFP), cooperatives, intergovernmental organizations, and governments; 
 1,882,030 tonnes Title II Emergency throu gh PVOs, WFP, and governments; Title I 
Development Assistance through PVOs, cooperatives, and 
intergovernmental organizations; 
 211,990 tonnes Food for Progress grants thr ough PVOs, WFP, and governments;  and  
 4,390 tonnes Section 416(b) grants thr ough governments, PVOs, cooperatives, and 
intergovernmental organizations. 
 Total  2,147,370 tonnes 
 
 Title I aid is provided in fully grant form or on long-term concessional terms in accordance 
with Food Aid Convention guidelines.  Aid under F ood for Education, Title II, Title III, Food for 
Progress and Section 416(b) Programs is provided in fully grant form.  
 
(3) Technical and financial assistance under paragraph 3(iii) of the Decision: 
 
 The principal source of US financial assistance and funding for technical assistance for developing countries is the US Agency for In ternational Development (USAID) within the 
Department of State.  All of the figures reported below represent budgetary obligations or estimates 
for the reporting period: 
 USAID Assistance to Agriculture
 
 
Total  $392,165,046 
(Includes expenditures on crop production, livestock pr oduction, resource management, infrastructure, 
policies and planning, training and extension, and agribusiness credit) 
  Some USAID funds are used to support agricu ltural technical assistan ce to least-developed 
and net food-importing developing countries by other US Government agencies, including the 
International Cooperation and De velopment (ICD) Program area of USDA's Foreign Agricultural 
Service.  For example, ICD provides technical assistance and training programs focused on:  
agricultural policy formulation; marketing; agribusiness development; enhancing sanitary/phytosanitary capacity; promotion of inter-reg ional and international trade; development of 
market news and statistical systems; famine early warning and mitigation; grasshopper/locust 
eradication efforts; and natural resource mana gement.  The funding for these agencies' programs 
comes primarily from USAID and is included in the figures above. 
 Millennium Challenge Corporation
 
 
Total  $980,130,000 
 
The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) h as been actively investing in sustainable, 
market based solutions to food security since 2005.   MCC funds country-led solutions for reducing 
poverty through sustainable economic growth.  Many  countries have identified agriculture and the 
rural economy as among their top priorities for fu nding via an MCC grant focused on long-term 
economic development.  MCC investments in agricu lture and rural development include rural roads 
and other infrastructure; irrigation and water management; technical assistance and agricultural 
technology transfer; rural finance; land/property rights; and agricultural research.  
 G/AG/N/USA/76 
Page 4  
 
  US Department of Agriculture Programs
 
 
Total, Borlaug Fellowship Program $2,540,000 
 
 The USDA Foreign Agricultural Service administers the Borlaug Fellowship Program, which 
provides scientific training and collaborative research opportunities to visiting researchers, 
policymakers, and university faculty from developing countries.  
Total, Cochran Fellowship Program $3,960,000 
  The USDA Foreign Agricultural Service admi nisters the Cochran Fellowship Program, which 
provides short-term training in the United States d esigned to assist participating countries to develop 
agricultural systems necessary to meet the food needs of their populations.    
Total, Emerging Markets Program $10,000,000 
  The Emerging Markets Program was authorized by the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990, as amended.  The legislation calls for $10 million in funding per year to assist 
public and private organizations in providing techni cal assistance to promote market development, 
improve market access, or assist in the development of emerging market economies.   US Contributions to Multilateral Organizations with an Agricultural Emphasis
 
 
International Development Association $940,500,000 UN Development Program $108,900,000 World Food Program $1,125,307,700
3 
International Fund for Agricultural Development $14,850,000 
International Institute for C ooperation on Agriculture $16,400,000 
Food and Agriculture Organization $83,615,000 Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research $60,000,000 African Development Bank Group $137,945,000 Asia Development Bank Group $99,000,000 Inter-American Development Bank Group $1,700,000
 
 Total  $2,588,217,700 
 
Peace Corps Funds to Support Agricultural Volunteers
 
 
Least-Developed Countries $1,795,300 
NFIDCs $471,100  
Total  $2,266,400 
  Additional development programs in least -developed and net f ood-importing developing 
countries are provided by the US Peace Corps.  The Peace Corps sponsors volunteers who provided technical assistance to:  produce agricultural products and by-products; increase agricultural 
productivity; safely use agricultural chemicals; and process, store or market agricultural goods and 
by-products.  
                                                     
 
3 This value represents total US Government contri butions to the World Food Program;  only a small 
fraction of this total contribution goes toward agriculture development.   G/AG/N/USA/76 
 Page 5 
 
 
  Value of Food Assistance Used in Development Programs  
 
Total  $346,606,900 
 
 This figure represents the US value of the co mmodities donated under either Title II, Food for 
Progress, or Food for Education food aid programs that  were monetized.  When food aid is monetized, 
or sold locally, it produces funds that may be used  for local agricultural development programs and to 
cover local administrative costs for the program .  Typically, the proceeds are used for water 
management or irrigation programs, farm credit, ag ricultural infrastructure, health programs, or to 
purchase local foods that will provide a nutritionally complete diet to recipients.  
 
 The total includes $127 million of Title II funds.  In fiscal year 2007, 68 per cent of Title II development programs were in least-developed (LDC) and net food-importing developing countries 
(NFIDC).   (4) Other relevant information with respect to actions taken within the framework of the 
Decision:  
 
 WTO developing countries, least-developed c ountries and net food- importing developing 
countries had access to the following US Governme nt officially-supported export credit guarantee 
programs. Figures include GSM-102 and Facility Guarantee Program. 
    A v a i l a b l e
   Applications  
Total    $3,690,000,000   $1,445,320,000 G/AG/N/USA/76 
Page 6  
 
  Table NF:1 
 
NOTIFICATION UNDER ARTICLE 16:2 OF THE AGREEMENT:  MONITORING OF THE 
FOLLOW-UP TO THE DECISION ON ME ASURES CONCERNING THE POSSIBLE 
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE REFORM PROGRAM ON LEAST-DEVELOPED AND NET 
FOOD-IMPORTING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: 
United States of America 
 
REPORTING PERIOD: 
1 October 2007 – 30 September 2008 
 
 
(1) Quantity of food aid provided to least-developed and net food-importing developing 
countries
4: 
 Tonnage   Product  
  23,540 Beans 
 23,860 Bulgur  3,900 Corn  92,320 Cornmeal  129,310 Corn-Soy Blend 
 72,490 Lentils 
 107,600 Peas  80 Potatoes  105,540 Rice  180 Salmon 
 18,410 Soy-fortified (S.F.) Bulgur 
 5,460 S.F. Cornmeal  813,500 Sorghum  120 Soy Protein Products  159,430 Vegetable Oil   801,740 Wheat 
 36,250
 Wheat Flour 
 
Total  2,393,730 tonnes 
  (2) Indication of the proportion in fully grant form or appropriate concessional terms
5:  
 
 The aid listed above was provided under the P.L. 480, Food for Progress, Section 416(b), and 
Food for Education programs.  The allocations to the various food aid programs were as follows: 
  0 tonnes Title I Trade and Developm ent Assistance through governments; 
 81,660 tonnes Food for Education through Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs), 
World Food Program (WFP), cooperatives, intergovernmental 
organizations, and governments; 
                                                     
 
4 Includes some regional groups, within which is a least-developed or net food-importing developing 
country. 
5 Further food aid information is available at the following websites: 
http://www.fas.usda.gov/excredits /FoodAid/Reports/reports.html  and http://www.fas.usda.gov/food-aid.asp .  G/AG/N/USA/76 
 Page 7 
 
 
   2,217,780 tonnes Title II Emergency throu gh PVOs, WFP, and governments; Title I 
Development Assistance through PVOs, cooperatives, and intergovernmental organizations; 
 94,290 tonnes Food for Progress grants thr ough PVOs, WFP, and governments;  and  
  0 tonnes Section 416(b) grants thr ough governments, PVOs, cooperatives, and 
intergovernmental organizations. 
  
Total
 2,393,730 tonnes 
 
 Title I aid is provided in fully grant form or on long-term concessional terms in accordance 
with Food Aid Convention guidelines.  Aid under F ood for Education, Title II, Title III, Food for 
Progress and Section 416(b) Programs is provided in fully grant form. 
 
(3) Technical and financial assistance under paragraph 3(iii) of the Decision: 
  The principal source of US financial assistance and funding for technical assistance for 
developing countries is the US Agency for In ternational Development (USAID) within the 
Department of State.  All of the figures reported below represent budgetary obligations or estimates 
for the reporting period:  USAID Assistance to Agriculture
: 
 
Total  $433,326,098 
(Includes expenditures on crop production, livestock pr oduction, resource management, infrastructure, 
policies and planning, training and extension, and agribusiness credit) 
 
 Some USAID funds are used to support agricu ltural technical assistan ce to least-developed 
and net food-importing developing countries by other US Government agencies, including the 
International Cooperation and De velopment (ICD) Program area of USDA's Foreign Agricultural 
Service.  For example, ICD provides technical assistance and training programs focused on:  agricultural policy formulation; marketing; agribusiness development; enhancing sanitary/phytosanitary capacity; promotion of inter-reg ional and international trade; development of 
market news and statistical systems; famine early warning and mitigation; grasshopper/locust 
eradication efforts; and natural resource mana gement.  The funding for these agencies' programs 
comes primarily from USAID and is included in the figures above.  Millennium Challenge Corporation
 
 
Total  $929,030,000 
 
The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) h as been actively investing in sustainable, 
market based solutions to food security since 2005.   MCC funds country-led solutions for reducing 
poverty through sustainable economic growth.  Many  countries have identified agriculture and the 
rural economy as among their top priorities for fu nding via an MCC grant focused on long-term 
economic development.  MCC investments in agricu lture and rural development include rural roads 
and other infrastructure; irrigation and water management; technical assistance and agricultural 
technology transfer; rural finance; land/property rights; and agricultural research.  
 G/AG/N/USA/76 
Page 8  
 
  US Department of Agriculture Programs
 
 
Total, Borlaug Fellowship Program $2,560,000 
 
 The USDA Foreign Agricultural Service administers the Borlaug Fellowship Program, which 
provides scientific training and collaborative research opportunities to visiting researchers, 
policymakers, and university faculty from developing countries. 
 
Total, Cochran Fellowship Program $3,425,000 
  The USDA Foreign Agricultural Service admi nisters the Cochran Fellowship Program, which 
provides short-term training in the United States d esigned to assist participating countries to develop 
agricultural systems necessary to meet the food needs of their populations.    
Total, Emerging Markets Program $10,000,000 
  The Emerging Markets Program was authorized by the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990, as amended. The legislation ca lls for $10 million in funding per year to assist 
public and private organizations in providing techni cal assistance to promote market development, 
improve market access, or assist in the development of emerging market economies.   US Contributions to Multilateral Organizations with an Agricultural Emphasis
 
 
International Development Association  $942,305,000 UN Development Program  $97,365,000 World Food Program   $1,539,114,530
6 
International Fund for Agricultural Development    $17,936,000 
International Institute for Cooperati on on Agriculture    $16,400,000 
Food and Agriculture Organization    $90,625,800 Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research $58,000,000 African Development Bank Group   $136,606,000 Asia Development Bank Group     $74,544,000 Inter-American Development Bank Group     $24,800,000
 
 Total  $2,997,696,330 
 
Peace Corps Funds to Support Agricultural Volunteers
 
 
Least-Developed Countries      $1,817,900 
NFIDCs      $599,100 
 
Total  $2,417,000 
 Additional development programs in least-developed and net food-importing deve loping countries are 
provided by the US Peace Corps.  The Peace Corps sponsors volunteers who provided technical 
assistance to:  produce agricultural products and by -products; increase agricultural productivity; safely 
use agricultural chemicals; and process, store or market agricultural goods and by-products. 
 
                                                     
 
6 This value represents total US Government contributions to the World Food Program; only a small 
fraction of this total contribution goes toward agriculture development.  G/AG/N/USA/76 
 Page 9 
 
 
  Value of Food Assistance Used in Development Programs  
 
Total  $380,688,300 
 
This figure represents the US value of the commodities donated under Title I, Title II, Food for 
Progress, or Food for Education food aid programs that  were monetized.  When food aid is monetized, 
or sold locally, it produces funds that may be used  for local agricultural development programs and to 
cover local administrative costs for the program .  Typically, the proceeds are used for water 
management or irrigation programs, farm credit, ag ricultural infrastructure, health programs, or to 
purchase local foods that will provide a nutritionally complete diet to recipients.  
 
The total includes $121 million of Title II funds.   In fiscal year 2008, 90 per cent of Title II 
development programs were in least-developed (LDC) and net food-importing developing countries 
(NFIDC). 
 
(4) Other relevant information with respect to actions taken within the framework of the 
Decision:  
 
 WTO developing countries, least-developed c ountries and net food- importing developing 
countries had access to the US Government offi cially-supported export credit guarantee program, 
GSM-102. 
 
   A v a i l a b l e    Applications  
Total    $3,366,160,000   $3,114,690,000 
 
 
 
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