WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  IP/C/W/480/Add.3 
13 October 2006 
 (06-4942) 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects 
of Intellectual Property Rights Original:  English 
 
 
 
REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 66.2 
OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT 
 
SWITZERLAND 
 
Addendum  
  
 The following communication, dated 6 Octobe r 2006, from the Delegation of Switzerland is 
being circulated pursuant to paragraph 1 of the Decision on Implementation of Article 66.2 of the 
TRIPS Agreement (IP/C/28). 
_______________ 
 
 
I. INTRODUCTION 
1. In paragraph 11.2 of the Decision on Impl ementation-Related Issues and Concerns 
(WT/MIN(01)/17), adopted in Doha on 14 November  2001, developed country Members reaffirmed 
their commitment to provide enterprises and in stitutions incentives to promote and encourage 
technology transfer to least-developed country Me mbers ("LDCs"), pursuant to Article 66.2 of the 
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement).  In its 
Decision (IP/C/28) of 19 February 2003, the Co uncil for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual 
Property Rights (Council for TRIPS) agreed that developed country Members shall submit annually 
reports on actions taken or planned in pursuance of their commitments under Article 66.2 of the 
TRIPS Agreement.  Furthermore, it was agreed that new detailed reports shall be delivered every third 
year and that updates shall be provided in the intervening years. 
2. According to this obligation, taking the D ecision of the Council for TRIPS into account, 
Switzerland herewith submits its ne w detailed annual report, following the reports that were submitted 
to the Council for TRIPS in the years 2002 (IP/C /W/388/Add.3 of 8 January 2003 (IP/C/W/412/Add.2 
of 12 November 2003), 2004 (IP/C/W/431/Add.2 of 17 November 2004) and 2005 (IP/C/W/452/Add.1 of 6 October 2005).  Since the Swiss reports undergo a substantive review every 
year, which reflects all new relevant developmen ts in Switzerland, this year's report is not 
substantially different from the one of last year.   
3. Switzerland's understanding of "technology tran sfer" includes, in addition to incentives and 
activities directed at the provision of technical equi pment in the industrial sector, capacity building in 
LDCs, technology transfer in the health sector an d development of administrative institutions.  
Therefore, Switzerland provides incentives in numerous  sectors and is actively engaged in the field of 
training and research activities contributing to sustainable development in LDCs.  Switzerland 
believes that assistance in sustainable developmen t of LDCs should be comprehensive and not be 
limited to certain areas. 
 IP/C/W/480/Add.3 
Page 2  
 
  II. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES INVOLVED IN THE PROVISION OF INCENTIVES 
FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 
4. There are mainly two Swiss government agencies involved in the provision of incentives, 
either directly or indirectly, for Swiss as well as for other developed country Members' enterprises and 
institutions to engage in activities involving technolog y transfer to LDCs.  These two agencies are the 
Swiss Agency for Development and Co-operation (SDC) and the State Secretariat for Economic 
Affairs (SECO).  They are jointly responsible for the formulation and implementation of Swiss 
international development cooperation policy.  While the SDC assumes the overall coordination 
function in matters pertaining to development, SECO is a competence centre for economic 
development and the integration of developing a nd transition countries into the world economy.   
5. Another agency involved in technology transf er activities of Switzerland is the Swiss 
National Science Foundation (SNSF).  Acting on a manda te issued by the Swiss Federal Government, 
the SNSF supports research inside and outside univers ities and fosters young scientific talent.  On an 
international level, the Swiss National Science Foundation aims with its research programmes, to 
make a positive contribution to scientific research in  the relevant areas of the world and to promote 
research cooperation between these areas and Switzerla nd.  At present, the Swiss National Science 
Foundation has a project in collaboration with th e SDC focused on research partnerships with 
developing countries, encompassing seve ral projects in LDCs (see Annex II). 
III. LEVELS OF SWISS ACTIVITIES PROM OTING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO 
LDCS 
6. Switzerland's activities and incentives regarding technology transfer aim at increasing the 
flow of technology to developing countries and at building up capacities, which enable beneficiary 
countries to assess, adopt, manage and apply technologies.  The activities supported by the 
Swiss Government embrace projects at the bilateral, regional and multilateral levels. 
7. SECOs and SDCs activities relevant to Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement are carried out 
under the Swiss Official Development Assistan ce Programme (ODA-Programme).  The Swiss 
ODA-Programme includes bilateral, regional and multila teral initiatives and is primarily aimed at a 
selected group of priority countries in Latin Amer ica, Africa, Central and South East Asia and 
Southeastern Europe.  Many of the projects cont ract Swiss as well as other developed country 
Members' enterprises and institutions to provide  their knowledge and technology in assisting the 
development of human capital, infrastructure and private sector enterprises in LDCs. 
8. At the multilateral level, Switzerland contributes to a variety of technical assistance trust 
funds with the World Bank Group and the regional development banks.  These funds are available to 
project managers of these Banks seeking funding for technical assistance and technology transfer.  
Besides cooperation with these financ ial institutions, Switzerland is al so engaged in the development 
projects of many other international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the 
United Nations Industrial Devel opment Organization (UNIDO), the World Intellectual Property 
Organization (WIPO), the United Nations De velopment Programme (UNDP), the Food and 
Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the 
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). 
9. Switzerland supports various bilateral and multilate ral projects in order to promote investment 
as well as the efficiency and effectiveness of trade.  In investment promotion, the incentives of the 
Swiss ODA-Programme aim at mobilizing private capital, know-how and technologies to strengthen 
the financial intermediation system in LDCs as well as transferring know-how and technology to 
foster investments or joint ventures.  Concerning trade promotion, Switzerland cooperates mostly with 
other bilateral or multilateral agencies.  IP/C/W/480/Add.3 
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  IV. INSTRUMENTS FOR THE PROMOTION OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 
10. One of the main goals of Switzerland's ec onomic and trade-rela ted cooperation with 
developing and transitional countries is the transf er of modern technology and of capital to those 
countries, to better enable them to upgrade thei r production facilities to the requirements of world 
markets and to become more competitive in the globa l economy.  The promotion of investment and of 
cooperation agreements between the private sectors in the North, South and East is an important 
instrument of development policy, which is pr imarily intended to help these countries reach a 
sustainable level of development. 
A. Support of Private-Sector Investments in LDCs 
11. Switzerland promotes technology transfer to LD Cs by supporting small and medium-sized 
enterprises (SMEs) in several ways.  For instance,  it provides localized technical support for SMEs 
domiciled in LDCs, particularly in Bangladesh, Be nin and Mali.  In Bangladesh, Switzerland spends 
about Sw F 13 million annually for development proj ects, part of which on technical and financial 
support for SMEs. 
12. Switzerland also encourages Swiss SMEs to inv est in LDCs in order to enhance technology 
transfer to LDCs.  The role of the Swiss Organization for Facilitating Investments (SOFI) is to 
promote investment projects between, on the one side, companies from Switzerland and from countries that are members of the Organisation of  Economic Development a nd Co-operation (OECD) 
and, on the other side, counterparts in developing and transition countries.  In addition, SOFI aims at 
enabling the transfer of capital, technological kn ow-how and managerial expertise through this 
process.  SOFI has framework agreements with 60  countries (located in Africa, the Middle East, 
Latin America, Asia, Central Europe, Eastern Euro pe and the CIS) where it is mandated to promote 
investments.  SOFI is a one-stop shop providing SMEs  with the full range of services required to meet 
the challenges they face when investing in LDCs .  SOFI has actively supported SME activities in 
LDCs or countries in transition through more than 300 projects, such as mango processing in Burkina Faso or coffee processing in Zambia. 
13. Switzerland is one of the investors of the Fonds de Garantie des Investissements Privés en 
Afrique de l'Ouest (Fonds GARI ).  The goal of this fund is to facilitate access of private enterprises to 
loans by guaranteeing the risks for such operations .  The fund provides guarantees to enterprises 
active in industrial manufacturing, agro-industry, fishery, mining, tourism, agriculture and services.  Eligible to the fund are enterprises from, among othe rs, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, 
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger and Sierra Leone.   
14. Switzerland granted Sw F 5.4 million to the A frican Project Development Facility (APDF), 
Sw F 4.2 million to the Mozambique SME Initiativ e, and Sw F 5.4 million to the Mekong Project 
Development Facility.  All three facilities assist SMEs  in a variety of areas such as business planning, 
identifying potential lenders or investors, mark eting strategy, technical and operational assistance, 
quality control and certification, accounting and manage ment information systems, etc.  Beneficiaries 
are the enterprises in LDCs in the Sub-Sahara n and Mekong (including Lao PDR and Cambodia) 
regions.   
15. Finally, the Swiss Government also provides l ong-term financing for sm all and medium-sized 
enterprises in LDCs through private equity fund s investments.  These funds provide equity 
investments for SMEs in the target countries and combine the investment with a broad range of 
technical assistance to the invest ee companies such as skill development, improvements in financial 
and accounting systems, assisting in marketing a nd distribution, risk assessment, implementing 
information technology systems, etc.  Exam ples include the Aureos East Africa Fund 
(Sw F 8.4 million), the Ghana Fidelity Funds (Sw F 4.8 million), the African Infrastructure Fund IP/C/W/480/Add.3 
Page 4  
 
  (Sw F 12 million), the Mekong Enterprise Fund (Sw F 3.6 million), and the Vietnam Equity Fund 
(Sw F 3.6 million).   
B: Commercial Establishment of LDCs Comp anies in Switzerland and other Developed 
Countries 
16. With its "Swiss Import Promotion Programme" (SIPPO), Switzerland supports commercial 
establishment of companies from LDCs  in Switzerland or other industrialized countries.  By its trade 
promotion activities, SIPPO helps SMEs in deve loping countries and countries in transition to 
improve their market access to Switzerland and the European Union.  It also assists Swiss importers find new products and sources.  For example, as a result of the partnership between the SIPPO and 
Bangladesh, products from Bangladesh benefit fr om improved market access in Switzerland.  
Additionally, in order to promote consumer awareness for such products, Switzerland provides 
services such as marketing consultancy, business pa rtner search, training in export marketing and 
support for participation in trade fairs to companies domiciled in LDCs. 
C. Financial Assistance and Export Risk Guarantees 
17. Switzerland also provides non-reimbursable financial assistance (grants) to LDCs for the 
construction, rehabilitation or extension of infrastru cture in LDCs.  The Swiss grant contribution to 
these projects also covers transfer of technology, consulting services for project implementation, as 
well as expertise for institutional (managerial) reforms and sector reforms.  A special focus is given to 
the establishment of public private partnerships for infrastructure services.   
18. The Swiss Export Risk Guarantee Agency (ERGA) provides a system of export risk 
guarantees for goods and services destined for LDCs.  Export risk guarantees facilitate exports to 
LDCs and ensure a constant technology transfer.   
D. Trade and Clean Technology Cooperation 
19. Recently, Switzerland concentrated much effort on promoting the transfer of environmentally 
sound technologies.  A comprehensive programme for the establishment of so-called "Cleaner Production Centres" was set up.  The aim of the cent res is to offer private companies and the public 
sector in LDCs a wide range of services including general information, in-plant assessments, 
workshops, demonstration projects, capacity build ing and support for the preparation of bankable 
projects.  The Centres provide these services with the support of Swiss and other developed country 
Members' technical institutes, universities and indus tries.  Two four-year programmes in the amount 
of US$1 million each have been established in  this field with Cambodia and Lao PDR.. 
20. Switzerland also supports programmes in the fi eld of energy efficiency, which aim at 
mitigating CO
2 emissions globally and controlling air pollution locally.  These projects are related to 
the traffic and transportation sector and to small and medium size industries (e.g. foundry, glass and 
brick industries).  The main objective is to strengt hen local partners (capacity building) and to pool 
international expertise in order to develop locally  adequate solutions (technology packages).  These 
pilot programmes are then evaluated, documented and disseminated at the national level.  In addition, 
we support transfer of know-how, training and infrast ructure in the field of environment monitoring 
and chemicals management.   
21. Recognizing that the Kyoto Mechanisms (Joint Implementation, Clean Development 
Mechanism and International Emission Trading) can  facilitate greenhouse gas emissions reduction in 
non-Annex I countries by providing financial incentiv es for Annex I investment in climate protection 
projects outside their national borders, Switzerland and the World Bank jointly launched the National 
Strategy Study Programme in September 1997.  The aim of the Programme was to assist non-Annex I  IP/C/W/480/Add.3 
 Page 5 
 
 
  countries in defining their negotiation positions and to develop national strategies regarding these 
emerging international market incentive instrument s, which will facilitate technology transfer to 
developing and transition c ountries, including LDCs.   
22. By specific trade facilitation programmes, Switz erland promotes the integration of LDCs in 
the global economy.  Mozambique is supported to  enhance the competitiveness of major selected 
agro-products such as cashew  nuts, fruits and vegetables and to ac hieve international standards such 
as HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Poin t) or EUREPGAP (Euro-Retailer Produce Working 
Group - Good Agricultural Practice).  Relevant mi nistries and state agencies in Mozambique get 
on-the-job training to define a national cotton-pr ocessing strategy.  The programme with Tanzania 
includes export development of specialty coffee a nd cashew nuts and aims at improving the country's 
quality infrastructure (e.g. the Tanzanian Bureau of Standards;  Weights and Measure Agency;  
Tanzania Food and Drug Authority) to assure complia nce with international technical barriers to trade 
and sanitary and phytosanitary measures system requirements. 
E. Training 
23. Another important focus of Swiss know-how transfer activities is the teaching of personnel 
from LDCs.  Capacity building is an important part of every technology transfer project.  In addition, 
Switzerland is carrying out training programmes specifi cally to benefit LDCs.  For example, qualified 
applicants from LDCs regularly attend an intell ectual property training course normally held every 
year for three months in three successive places:  first at the WIPO headquarters in Geneva, then at 
the " Centre d'Etudes Internationales de la Propriété Industrielle " in Strasbourg and finally at the 
Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property in Berne. 
24. The Swiss Tropical Institute offers a postgra duate diploma course titled "Health Care and 
Management in Tropical Countries".  More than half of the participants in this course regularly come 
from LDCs.  Their participation is possible thanks to the scholarships offered by the 
Swiss Government. 
F. Research Activities 
25. Another kind of technology transfer, which Sw itzerland engages in, is collaborating with 
international organizations and/or with LDCs directly in research, particularly in the public health 
domain.  For example, the Swiss Tropical Institute  and other Swiss institutions provide advice and 
assistance to WHO for its "Roll-Back Malaria" pr ogramme.  The programme aims at halving the 
world's malaria burden by the year 2010. 
2. Other Instruments 
26. In addition to the activities mentioned above , Switzerland has also engaged in capacity 
building in and technology transfer to developi ng and least-developed countries according to the 
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its  provisions on access and benefit sharing.  
Switzerland is also supporting the BioTrade Initiativ e of the United Nations Conference on Trade and 
Development, which shall promote trade and inv estments in products and services derived from the 
sustainable use of biodiversity. 
V. DOMAINS OF SWISS TECHNOL OGY TRANSFER ACTIVITIES 
27. Switzerland promotes technology transfer in domains that are of most importance to the 
LDCs.  Specifically, the Swiss government fosters technol ogy transfer to LDCs in the fields of public 
health, drinking water supply, agriculture, food i ndustry, machine industry, textiles, chemical IP/C/W/480/Add.3 
Page 6  
 
  industry, ecotechnology and intellectual property prot ection.  For an overview of ongoing projects, 
see Annex I and II. 
28. Switzerland also promotes technology transfer to LDCs in domains in which it has special 
expertise.  These include the machine industry as well as the manufacturing of precision instruments and chemical products.  The promotion of transfer of environmentally sound technologies to LDCs is 
another domain in which Switzerland is active.  He re, the goal is to transfer both knowledge and 
methods that help meet environmental standards.   These programmes focus particularly on technology 
transfer in the metal, paper, cement, food and te xtile industry.  Further, Switzerland supports the 
transfer of technologies in the field of renewable energies through its platform "Renewable Energy 
Promotion in International Co-operation (REPIC)". 
29. In the public health sector, the Swiss Govern ment encourages technology transfer between 
Switzerland and other LDCs in various ways incl uding research funding, consulting and assistance.  
Switzerland spends about Sw F 35 million annually on technolog y transfer to Mozambique, 
particularly in the domains of public health and sustainable water supply. 
30. Finally, Switzerland offers LDCs assistance in pr eparing and enforcing laws on the protection 
of intellectual property rights.  It also supports th e LDCs domestic offices executing these tasks.  The 
Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property offe rs state-of-the-art searches free of charge for 
LDCs, and, by doing so, encourages innovative enterp rises and industries in LDCs to use the patent 
system, to benefit from the information which can be gathered through this system as well as to protect their own inventions, encouraging thereby the building of technological capacity in LDCs.  
Switzerland is also actively involved in the exchan ge of information regarding the protection and 
administration of intellectual property rights with  LDCs.  In February 2006, the Swiss Federal 
Institute of Intellectual Property gave a presentation of the intellectual property rights system in a 
workshop on services for the promotion of innovation a nd their management.  Participants came from 
the following LDCs:  Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Congo, Gabon, Madagascar, and Niger. 
VI.  CONCLUDING REMARKS 
31. Concluding, Switzerland would like to confirm again its commitment to actively engage in 
the provision of incentives for an enhanced tec hnology transfer to LDCs and its willingness to 
continuously improve its activities in this regard.  However, it should also be kept in mind that 
government incentives to provide technology transfer to third countries are only one of many factors relevant to companies' decisions on where to direct their foreign investments and to transfer their technology.  Some of the other decisive factor s are favourable overall macro- and microeconomic 
terms and conditions, a safe legal framework, (including adequate pr otection of intellectual property 
rights, an accountable judicial system and a well-functioning government administration) and market potential at the national level in a third country.  These factors are often directly related to the level of 
development in a specific country.  Multilateral in itiatives to relieve countries of heavy debts along 
with clear policies for poverty alleviation and sust ainable development both enable LDCs to actively 
participate in technology transfer and capacity  building initiatives under Article 66.2 of the 
TRIPS Agreement.  IP/C/W/480/Add.3 
 Page 7 
 
 
  ANNEX I 
SWISS INCENTIVES FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN LDCS BY COUNTRY AND 
PROJECT 
Comment:  The activities supported by the Swiss governme nt embrace projects at the bilateral, 
regional and multilateral levels.  
Country Field  Knowledge/ 
Technology  Mechanism  Annual budget 
approx.  
Bangladesh Water and 
sanitation (Public health) Prevention and 
treatment of infectious diseases Backstopping by 
University of Bern Sw F 40,000  
Bangladesh Water and 
sanitation (Public health) Arsenic mitigation in 
water;  Arsenic free water harvesting 
technologies by 
Skad Consulting, Switzerland;  test kits by the Swiss Federal Institute of Acquatic 
Science and 
Technology (EAWAG), Switzerland Local adaptation of 
technologies with support from 
Skat Consulting and 
EAWAG. Research in Switzerland in collaboration with Bangladeshi partners Sw F 70,000 
Burkina Faso Waste water Technology and 
Know-how in waste water management, 
by the Swiss Federal 
Institute of Technology, Lausanne Training courses in 
Lausanne;   participation of 
consultants in 
programme in the country  Sw F 1,160,000 
Burkina Faso Water and 
environment (Waste) Water 
management, by Swiss Federal Institute of 
Technology, 
Lausanne Education of engineers 
and technicians, in Switzerland and Burkina Faso Sw F 1,000,000 
Madagascar Rural 
development Participatory 
bottom-up approaches (know how and expertise) by 
Intercooperation, 
Switzerland Consultancy project 
management Sw F 3,500,000 
Madagascar Energy supply Wind energy Equipment and training, 
under Swiss platform for renewable energy promotion (REPIC) Sw F 50’000 IP/C/W/480/Add.3 
Page 8  
 
  Country Field  Knowledge/ 
Technology  Mechanism  Annual budget 
approx.  
Mali Vocational 
training Know-how in school 
management, curricula development, 
particular 
professional know-how by Swisscontact Development of 
vocational training centres in Burkina Faso;  support to association of 
handicraft groups;  
consultants work with national staff;   project management by Swisscontact Sw F 1,000,000 
Mali Promotion of 
trade in organic cotton Marketing knowledge 
Establishment of 
direct links between 
producers in Mali and importers in Switzerland Consultants work with 
the marketing boards and with local 
producers. Sw F 710,000 
Mozambique Health system Community based 
care, by Solidarmed, Switzerland Consultancy, 
backstopping Sw F 500,000 
Mozambique Rural 
development Reorientation of rural 
development based on private initiatives  Implemented by 
Helvetas, backstopping by Center for 
Development and 
Environment (Bern University) Sw F 3,000,000 
Mozambique Health system Setup of anti-
retroviral-treatment programme, capacity building, by Médecins Sans 
Frontières , 
Switzerland Consultancy, 
backstopping Sw F 700,000 
Mozambique Governance Decentralisation – 
support to local administrative structures Bern University, 
backstopping Sw F 1,200,000 
Mozambique Trade 
Facilitation Enhancing 
competitiveness in 
cashew nuts, fruits 
and vegetables Consultancy Sw F 200,000 
Mozambique Trade policy Definition of a 
national strategy on cotton-processing Consultancy Sw F 200,000 
Nepal Energy Improve energy 
efficiency in the brick sector by technology transfers Implemented by 
Skat Consulting, Switzerland Sw F 770,000  IP/C/W/480/Add.3 
 Page 9 
 
 
  Country Field  Knowledge/ 
Technology  Mechanism  Annual budget 
approx.  
Niger Rural 
development Establishment of 
funds for local investments in rural development, by Association suisse pour le service aux régions et aux 
communes (SEREC) , 
Switzerland Consultants work with 
local staff and population Sw F 2,300,000 
Tanzania Water supply 
and sanitation Efficient water 
production;   transfer of state of the 
art water treatment 
equipment; improvement of managerial capacities  Assistance in setting up 
a Public Private Partnership (build, lease, 
operate);  financing of 
equipment;  improvement of maintenance planning;  financial and investment 
planning through a 
service contract Sw F 4,500,000 
Tanzania Health Reform of health 
system in city of Dar es Salaam;  Prevention of tropical diseases (Malaria);  
technologies and 
expertise by the Swiss Tropical Institute, Basle, Switzerland Training courses in 
Basel; consultancy, backstopping Sw F 6,000,000 
Tanzania Transportation 
infrastructure Construction of 
bridges and roads;  technologies and 
know-how by ITECO 
Engineering Ltd., Switzerland ITECO staff in 
Tanzania, consultancy Sw F 2,000,000 
Tanzania Trade 
Facilitation Export development 
of specialty coffee and cashew nuts Consultancy, 
backstopping Sw F 600,000 
Tanzania Quality 
infrastructure Assure compliance 
with TBT/SPS 
system requirements Consultancy, 
backstopping Sw F 800,000 IP/C/W/480/Add.3 
Page 10  
 
  ANNEX II 
RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP OF SNSF WITH LDCS 
After a first call for projects in 1999, the progr amme "Research Partners hips with Developing 
Countries" of the Swiss National Science F oundation (SNSF) and the Federal Agency for 
Development and Cooperation (SDC) has been rene wed in 2004.  The SNSF and the SDC jointly 
assessed the proposals for scientific value and releva nce to development and for compliance with the 
requirements of a true research partnership.  The research projects started in October 2005 for a duration of three years.  The following partne rships with LDC institu tions were approved: 
 
Approved research partnerships with LDCs (as of September 2005) 
 
Country Field  Swiss Partner  Principal 
Partner  Project 
budget  
Democratic 
Republic of 
Congo Nutrient cycling and methane 
production in Lake Kivu. Department of 
Limnology, Swiss 
Federal Institute of 
Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Switzerland Institut 
supérieur 
Pédagogique 
de Bukavu Sw F 326,430 
Cameroon Taxonomy and biology of jumping 
plant lice ( Hemiptera psyllodidea ) 
of Cameroon, including pests of cultivated plants and forest timber 
and strategies for an integrated 
pest management. Natural History 
Museum, Basle, Switzerland University of 
Yaoudé Laboratory of Zoology Sw F 90,000 
Ghana Investigations on lesser-used 
timber species for the construction of light bridges. Berne University 
of Applied Sciences, 
School of 
Architecture, Civil and Wood Engineering, Biel University of 
Science and Technology, 
Kumasi Sw F 393,000 
Laos Food-borne trematodiasis:  role in 
hepatobiliar and intestinal 
morbidity and risk patterns for infection in ecological and socio-economic distinct settings of Southeast Asia. Swiss Tropical 
Institute, Basle, 
Switzerland National 
Institute of 
Public Health, Vientiane Sw F 447,890 
Mali Vulnerability and new 
competences:  The double challenge for young people and the institutions of Mali.   Laboratory of 
Economic and Social Demography, 
University of 
Geneva Institut 
supérieur de formation appliquée 
Université de 
Bamako Sw F 237,300  IP/C/W/480/Add.3 
 Page 11 
 
 
  Country Field  Swiss Partner  Principal 
Partner  Project 
budget  
Senegal Use of waste in urban agriculture 
in the Dakar area, Senegal:  an 
interdisciplinary study towards 
sustainability. Faculty of Earth 
Sciences and 
Environment 
University of Lausanne Institut 
fondamental 
d'Afrique 
noire Université C.A. Diop,  
Dakar Sw F 374,740 
Tanzania Understanding and improving 
malaria diagnosis in health facilities in Dar es Salaam. Swiss Tropical 
Institute, Basle Dar es Salaam 
City Medical Office Sw F 517,860 
 
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