WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  IP/C/W/551/Add.1 
14 October 2010 
 
 (10-5280) 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects of 
Intellectual Property Rights Original:   English 
 
 
 
REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 66.2 
OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT 
 
AUSTRALIA 
 
Addendum  
  
 The following communication, dated 11 October 2010, is being circulated at the request of 
the delegation of Australia. 
 
_______________ 
 
 1. The following report updates the report submitted by Australia in October 2009 in accordance 
with paragraph 1 of the Decision of the Council fo r TRIPS of 19 February 2003 on Implementation of 
Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement (IP/C/28), which provides that deve loped country Members 
submit annually reports on actions  taken or planned in pursuance of their commitments under 
Article 66.2. 
2. Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement provides that "developed country Members shall 
provide incentives to enterprises and institutions in their territories for the purpose of promoting and 
encouraging technology transfer to least developed country (LDC) Members in order to enable them 
to create a sound and viable technological base". 
3. In this report, technology transfer is taken to  include training, education and knowledge.   
I. TYPE OF INCENTIVES 
4. Australia's transfer of technology to LDCs occurs through the facilitation of a strong 
intellectual property environment in LDCs, throug h incentives that form part of the Australian 
Government's bilateral and regi onal development assistance progra mmes, and through export-related 
activity as a product of market operation.  Techno logy transfer may occur through exports and 
outward or direct investment by Australian firms in other countries.  This transfer of technology may occur in joint ventures between Australian fi rms and overseas companies or governments. 
5. Australia recognises that technology transfer, ec onomic growth and poverty reduction are best 
fostered in an efficient, open  and market-based economy.  Fundam ental to this framework is good 
governance.  Australia provides extensive governan ce capacity-building and technical assistance to 
LDCs.  This includes programmes aimed at im proving economic and financial management, 
strengthening the rule of law and justice, increa sing public sector effectiveness and developing civil 
society and human rights. IP/C/W/551/Add.1 
Page 2  
 
  6. Australia considers that the education of LDC nationals at Australian (and other) universities 
and their training in the use and management of technological equipment comprise two of the most 
effective means of transferring technology and know ledge that can then be on-taught and diffused in 
LDCs.  Consequently, a significant portion of Australia's  assistance is directed at providing education 
and training.   
II. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES MAKING INCENTIVES AVAILABLE 
7. This report provides information on activities that  promote technology transfer carried out by 
a number of Australian Government agencies, in cluding the Australian Agency for International 
Development (AusAID), the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Intellectual Property (IP) Australia, and Austrade. 
III. ELIGIBLE ENTERPRISES AND INSTITUTIONS PROVIDING INCENTIVES 
8. The vast majority of Australian development assistance activities are implemented by 
organisations and individuals selected through a competitive tendering process.  Australian aid to LDCs has been untied since 2001, allowing non-Austra lian organisations to bid for contracts to supply 
goods and services under the bilateral and multilate ral development assistance programmes.   
IV. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY 
9. For sustainable development, it is critical that t echnology transfer be appropriate to the needs 
of the particular country.  In order to ensure this, Australia jointly develops country strategies with all 
major partner countries to form the basis of developm ent assistance.  Country strategies are informed 
by a country-specific analysis of development need s and dialogue with partner governments as to the 
most effective way for Australia to help address thos e needs.  Australia has working partnerships with 
a range of international and community organisatio ns to ensure harmonisation of resource allocation 
and appropriately targeted assistance. 
V. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 
10. Monitoring and measuring the effectiveness and results of development assistance are key 
concerns for the Australian aid programme.  A range of mechanisms and experts are used to ensure 
the effectiveness of monetary incentives, incl uding the AusAID Audit Committee, High Level 
Advisory Groups, the Aid Advisory Council, the Committee for Development Co-operation, peer 
reviews and corporate reviews.  To ensure that Au stralia is at the forefront of global efforts to 
improve development effectiveness, AusAID's Offi ce of Development Effectiveness was established 
in 2006. 
VI. DETAILS OF INCENTIVES FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO LDCS 
11. Australia's technical assistance to LDCs for 2009-2 010 is summarised in the table at Annex 1.  
The (preliminary) figures capture the significant know ledge transfer and capacity  building that occurs 
in the provision of technical assistance.  The to tal value of Australian assistance to LDCs in 
2009-2010 was $A1,057,597,671.93.
1   
                                                      
1 All figures are quoted in Australian dollars.  IP/C/W/551/Add.1 
 Page 3 
 
 
  VII. BILATERAL PROGRAMMES 
12. Examples of bilateral activities, carried out by  AusAID, for which technology transfer or 
investment is a major component or the primary aim have been included below. 
A. SOLOMON ISLANDS  
13. Australia committed bilateral development assi stance to the Solomon Islands estimated at 
$A51 million in 2010-2011.  The technical assistance component includes support to the Ministry of 
Health and Medical Services in the area of  proc urement, agricultural extension training under the 
Agricultural Livelihoods Programme, and tec hnical support to the Ministry of Lands. 
B. SOLOMON ISLANDS - RAMSI 
14. The RAMSI Economic Governance Pr ogramme builds the capacity of core functions of the 
Ministry of Finance and Treasury to enable it to deliver against the Solom on Islands Government's 
policy priorities, and to support the Ministry in its  programme of reform to  improve public financial 
management and achieve sustainable economic growth.  
C. VANUATU – GOVERNANCE FOR GROWTH  
15. Australia is supporting the Government of Vanuatu through the $A37 million Governance for 
Growth programme from 2007 to 2012.  Vanuatu and Australia aim to work jointly to identify and 
overcome governance obstacles to broad based grow th, effective service delivery and poverty 
reduction, especially to Vanuatu's rural population.    The programme draws on a wide range of aid 
approaches, including technical assistance, grants, direct investment as incentives, and brokering the 
involvement of international organisations and other donors. 
D. EAST  TIMOR  
16. Australia's assistance to East Timor has a strong focus on providing training to develop the 
capacity of the Timorese people.  This includes th e provision of scholarships to Australian tertiary 
institutions.  In addition, Australia has provided support for vocational training programmes in East 
Timor to provide training for over 10,000 Timo rese people in high-demand industries such as 
building, construction, health services and hospita lity.  Australian-funded professional development 
programmes have helped train civil servants, legal professionals, law enforcement officers and 
journalists, helping to improve overall econom ic governance and support civil society.  
E. CAMBODIA  
17. Assistance to Cambodia has a strong focus on cap acity building, in particular supporting the 
maintenance and rehabilitation of national roads, as well as expanding electricity coverage to remote 
communities.  Education and training support to Cambodia is primarily conducted through 
development scholarships awarded to Cambodian students to study at Australian universities. 
F. SAMOA  
18. Through regional organisations, such as the Fore ign Investment Advisory Service, Australia 
provides advice to the Samoan Government on policy a nd strategies to help attract investors.  Such 
efforts include targeted support to help improve  small and medium-sized businesses access finance 
and investment.  Australia, in partnership with ot her donors, is also supporting Samoa's Power Sector 
Expansion Project.  As part of this project, Austra lia is providing capacity building to help improve 
the regulatory environment and upgrade the power infrastructure to assist the government to meet the growing demand for electricity. IP/C/W/551/Add.1 
Page 4  
 
  VIII.  REGIONAL AND GLOBAL PROGRAMMES 
19. In addition to bilateral assistance, the Australia n aid programme provides LDCs with transfers 
of technology through various regi onal and global programmes.  In most cases, it is difficult to 
separate expenditure specifically to LDCs thr ough these programmes;  however, LDCs are included 
as beneficiaries.  
A. ASEAN-A
USTRALIAN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION PROGRAMME  
20. The ASEAN-Australian Development Coopera tion Programme, Phase II, with a budget of 
$A57 million (2008-2015), supports capacity build ing and technical assistance towards ASEAN 
economic integration.  It focuses on activities that:  
• strengthen the ASEAN Secretariat  e.g., provision of funding for technical officers within 
the Secretariat in legal, administrative and economic areas and Corporate Reform 
activities such as the provision of a new HR system module; 
• provide high quality economic research e.g., studies to assess investment trends and 
prospects in ASEAN, development of a logi stics workplan to address implementation and 
a services diagnostic needs assessment study; and 
• progress and support implementation of ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 
activities e.g., promoting the ASEAN Comp rehensive Investment Agreement and 
Toolbox development and training capacity building for a priority Tourism Labour 
Division.  
B. AANZFTA  ECONOMIC COOPERATION SUPPORT PROGRAMME  
21. The ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA) Agreement entered into 
force on 1 January 2010.  The Agreement includes a chapter on economic cooperation - the first time 
Australia has included such a provision in a free trade agreement.  The AANZFTA Economic 
Cooperation Support Programme consists of a Support  Unit within the ASEAN Secretariat and Work 
Programme activities worth up to $A20 million over five years.  The Programme is designed to provide technical assistance and capacity building fo r ASEAN Member States, particularly LDCs, to 
implement the free trade agreement.   
C. W
ORLD ORGANISATION FOR ANIMAL HEALTH (OIE)  PROJECT TO STRENGTHEN VETERINARY 
SERVICES TO COMBAT AVIAN INFLUENZA AND OTHER PRIORITY DISEASES IN SOUTH EAST ASIA 
22. This project is assisting veterinary services in the region to meet OIE international quality 
standards thereby improving governance and their capacity to control and prevent trans-boundary 
emerging and re-emerging animal diseases.  Aust ralia is providing up to $A2.4 million over 3 years 
(to December 2010) to support the OIE/FAO "OFFLU"  network of expertise on animal influenza (an 
international scientific advisory and technical exchange programme for avian influenza), conduct 
quality assessments and implement cap acity building activities.   
D. S OUTH EAST ASIA FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE CAMPAIGN  
23. This programme is implemen ted by OIE and involves the coordinated control of foot and 
mouth disease (FMD) by nine ASEAN countries (Br unei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, 
Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam) and China.  The long-term objective of the campaign 
is to facilitate and promote the international trade in animals and animal products by eradicating foot 
and mouth disease from participating countries by  2020.  This includes improving veterinary 
standards and adding value to the regional cont rol programme.  Australia has provided nearly 
$A6.6 million for the programme since 1996.  The current Phase III of the programme runs from 
2009 to 2011.  IP/C/W/551/Add.1 
 Page 5 
 
 
  E. C APACITY BUILDING IN ECOHEALTH RESEARCH ON EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES  
24. This programme, implemented by the Interna tional Development Research Centre will build 
capacity for EcoHealth Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) at the research-policy interface in the Southeast Asia region.  The initiativ e is providing grant funding for capacity building 
programmes in applied EcoHealth re search approaches to targeted EID Southeast Asian stakeholders 
and a research project on EID-prevention and mitiga tion within vulnerable communities in Southeast 
Asia.  Australia is providing $A1.7 million over five years from June 2009. 
F. A
USTRALIAN SCHOLARSHIPS  
25. Australian scholarships provide educati onal, research and professional development 
opportunities to support growth in the region and to bu ild enduring links at the individual, institutional 
and country levels.  Award programmes, manage d by AusAID are the Australian Development 
Scholarships (ADS) and the Australian Leadersh ip Awards (ALA).  These programmes aim to 
strengthen human resource capacity, build partnerships and linkages,  address regional priority issues 
and contribute to long-term development needs in  Australia's partner countries.  The Endeavour 
programme managed by DEEWR focuses on strengtheni ng education linkages,  skills and knowledge 
through Australia's excellence in education, scien ce and training.  From 2006, Australian scholarships 
will provide approximately $A1.4 billion over five years.  LDCs targeted under these scholarship 
programmes include:  Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhut an, Cambodia, Gambia, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos 
PDR, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, Moza mbique, Nepal, Rwanda, Samoa, Sierra Leone, 
Solomon Islands, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu and Zambia. 
G. T HE CARIBBEAN  
26. Australia has committed $A60 million in re gional assistance to CARICOM member countries 
from FY2009-10 to 2013-14.  The Caribbean program is focussed on regional training initiatives, 
which includes the provision of 80 long term schol arships to Australian tertiary institutions for 
applicants from regional organisations, government departments and universities.   In addition, 
Australia has supported the development of a Dipl omatic Training Program focused on the issues of 
Small Island States.  Development of the economic resilience component of the Caribbean 
programme, which will focus on assisting Small Island States to tackle the challenges of the global 
economy, will be finalised in 2010-11. 
H. WTO  GLOBAL TRUST FUND 
27. Since 2002, Australia has contributed over $A7.5 million to the WTO's Global Trust Fund to 
provide technical assistance to developing country Me mbers to participate in the Doha Round of trade 
negotiations.  Australia's contribution to the Fund for 2010-2011 is $A2 million.   
28. Australia also provided $A750,000 in 2009 to the WTO Standards and Trade Development 
Facility to help developing countries to analyse and implement international standards on food safety 
and animal and plant health. 
29. Outside of the WTO, Australia has provide d $A3 million to the Advisory Centre on WTO 
Law (ACWL) in 2010.  ACWL is an intergovernme ntal organisation based in Geneva that provides 
training and subsidised legal services on WTO law to developing countries. 
30. These contributions demonstrate Australia 's continuing commitment to the multilateral 
trading system and to the Doha Round.  And in 2003, Australia (unilaterally) removed duties and 
quotas on all  imports from Least Developed Countries and East Timor.  Australia's imports from 
LDCs and East Timor increased substantially si nce 2003.  Merchandise import growth from LDCs 
and East Timor has been stronger than the grow th of imports from the rest of the world. IP/C/W/551/Add.1 
Page 6  
 
  IX. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY OTHER 
AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 
A. D
EPARTMENT OF RESOURCES , ENERGY AND TOURISM  
31. The Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism is funding the South-East Asia and 
Pacific Regional Secretariat of the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP).  
REEEP is a global partnership of governments, pr ivate companies and international organisations 
working to reduce barriers to the uptake of renewabl e energy and energy efficiency technologies with 
a focus on developing countries and emerging market s.  The Department's funding will allow the 
South East Asia and Pacific Regional Secretariat of REEEP to continue wo rking to facilitate the 
uptake of clean energy solutions and promote energy efficiency in the Pacific region, which includes a 
number of LDCs, through a range of projects. 
B. DEPARTMENT OF INNOVATION , INDUSTRY , SCIENCE AND RESEARCH  
National Measurement Institute 
32. The National Measurement Institute (NM I) is the government agency that serves as 
Australia's representative to peak international and regional forums in metrology (measurement 
science). In this capacity NMI is a member of - and lead player in - the two peak regional metrology 
bodies, the Asia Pacific Legal  Metrology Fo rum (APLMF) and the Asia-Pacific Metrology 
Programme (APMP) involving some 20-25 economies from the Asia Pacific including least developed and developing economi es.  For example Cambodia and DPR Korea are members of the 
APLMF and Bangladesh, Nepal and the DPR Korea are members of the APMP.  NMI experts have been actively involved in technology transfer ac tivities under the auspices of APMP and APLMF as 
well as bilateral and multilateral technical assistan ce projects and training for over two decades.  The 
projects have primarily been aimed at developi ng scientific measurement and legal metrology 
capabilities and providing expert advice and consulta ncies to counterpart national metrology institutes 
and legal metrology authorities.     
33. Specific activities over 2009-2010 in which NMI has been involved include the APEC Food 
Safety Expert Working Group in Washington DC -  which focused on capacity building for developing and  least developed APEC  economi es, and the APEC-funded APLMF Legal  Metrology 
 Workshop in Indonesia – which focused on capacity  building for  developing and least developed 
Asia Pacific  economies.  The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation 
34. The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology  Organisation (ANSTO) is a public research 
organisation and the centre of Australian nuclear expertise.  This expertise is applied to 
radiopharmaceutical production a nd research;  environmental and materials research; neutron 
scattering and a range of other disciplines.  ANSTO  provides expert scientific and technical policy 
advice to the Government in relation to all ma tters within the ambit of nuclear science and 
technology, and supports Government in undert aking its regional and international role and 
obligations.  ANSTO undertakes projects with LD Cs to share knowledge, know-how and transfer 
technology regarding the safe and peaceful use of nuclear technology.   
 35. ANSTO participates in projects under the Fo rum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA), 
most notably through leadership of a project on Safety Management Systems (SMS) for Nuclear 
Facilities, involving Bangladesh, Vietnam, Indonesi a, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia and China - 
2009 to 2014.  The FNCA Safety Management Syst ems (SMS) project is a cooperative effort between 
developed and developing countri es, including least developed countries such as Bangladesh, to  IP/C/W/551/Add.1 
 Page 7 
 
 
  identify and share key aspects of safety management  systems for nuclear facilities, such as research 
reactors in order to help achieve improved safety at such facilities.  It does this by developing peer 
review methodologies for nuclear safety management  and then, by mutual agreement, performing 
peer reviews at designated institutes in project countries.   
36. ANSTO has provided assistance to neighbour ing countries in establishing the capability to 
securely manage Radioactive Sources, working in Cambodia, Vietnam, Fiji, Indonesia, Malaysia, 
Papua New Guinea, Philippines and Thailand from 2004 to  2010.  The Project helps South East Asia 
countries, including least developed countries such as Cambodia, to develop the capacity for, and 
begin implementation of, regulatory, safety and sec urity requirements to ensure radioactive sources 
used in medicine, industry, education and research  are managed securely according to international 
best practice.  The primary means is via training courses, train-the-trainer workshops and technical advisory and peer review missions, with funds bein g used by counterpart regional agencies to conduct 
training and develop their relevant infrastruct ure and human resource development programs. 
 
37. ANSTO also participates more broadly in th e transfer of nuclear technology for peaceful 
purposes under the Technical Cooperation Programme of the International Atomic Energy Agency, 
and particularly through the associated Regiona l Co-operative Agreement (RCA) for Research, 
Development and Training Related to Nuclear Sc ience and Technology for Asia and the Pacific. 
 
C. D
EPARTMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND AUSAID 
38. Through the International Climate Change Adaptation Initiative (ICCAI), implemented 
jointly by the Department of Climate Change a nd Energy Efficiency and AusAID, the Australian 
Government is investing $A248.2 million over five years from 2008-2009 to meet high priority climate change adaptation needs in vulnerable countries in our region.  The primary geographic 
emphasis of the ICCAI is on Australia's neighbo uring island nations, which includes the least 
developed countries of Kiribati, Samoa, East Ti mor, Vanuatu, Tuvalu, and Solomon Islands.   
39. The ICCAI comprises four interrelated com ponents, which in combination will deliver a 
coordinated package of development assistance: 
• Improved scientific information and unde rstanding, such as technology transfer; 
• Strategic planning and vulnerability assessments;  
• Implementing, financing and coordi nating adaptation measures;  and 
• Multilateral support for climate change adaptation.  
 
40. The overarching objectives of the programme are to: 
• establish a sound policy, scientific and analytical basis for long-term Australian action to 
help developing partner countries adapt to the impacts of climate change.  In order to do 
this, Australia has been developing technological capacity within partner countries;  
• increase understanding in partner countries of the impacts of climate change on their 
natural and socio-economic systems;  
• enhance partner country capacity to assess key climate vulnerabilities and risks, formulate 
appropriate adaptation strategies and plans, and mainstream adaptation into decision 
making;  and 
• identify and help finance priority adaptation measures to increase the resilience of partner 
countries to the impacts of climate change.  IP/C/W/551/Add.1 
Page 8  
 
  41. Key activities currently implemented under the Initiative include: 
• The Pacific Climate Change Science Programme  ($A20 million, 2009 to 2011) is helping 
Pacific island countries and East Timor bette r understand how climate change will impact 
on them;  
• The Asia-Pacific Community-based Adaptati on Small Grants Programme ($A6 million, 
2009 to 2013, including appr oximately $A4 million for Pacific island countries and East 
Timor) is providing funds to implement priori ty adaptation measures at the local level in 
14 Pacific island countries, the Mekong s ub-region, East Timor and Sri Lanka;  
• The Pacific Future Climate Leaders Progra mme ($A3 million, 2010 and 2011) will work 
to build a group of Pacific leaders with a greater understanding of climate change and tools to enhance resilience;  and  
• The Mekong Delta Vulnerability and Adapta tion Initiative (Australian contribution 
$A1.14 million, 2009 and 2010) aims to increase understanding of key socio-economic 
and environmental impacts of climate cha nge in 12 provinces of the Mekong delta region 
and strengthen the capacity of delta provinces to adapt to climate change impacts.  
42. Strong support is also provided for clim ate change adaptation through improved water 
resource management in the Pacific.  This will require enhancing the existing infrastructure and 
technological capacity of partner countries.  Examples include: 
• Support for the Government of Tuvalu's Water and Sanitation Strategy and the 
construction of about 300 large rainwater tanks in the capital, Funafuti.  Households are 
instructed in the maintenance of roof catch ment and guttering and the management of the 
collected water for domestic use.  Aust ralia also provides a highly qualified water 
engineer, who will help Tuvalu maximise th e impact of both Australian and other donors 
to the Strategy;  and 
• Small grant schemes in Vanuatu, Samoa and Solomon Islands.  These provide funds for 
community-initiated climate change adapta tion projects.  In Samoa and Vanuatu, 
communities have increased their water storag e capacity by constructing rainwater tanks.  
On the drought prone island of Aniwa in Vanuatu, communities have built small solar 
desalination stills capable of producin g enough fresh water for drinking.  
43. Through the ongoing Pacific Islands Climate Prediction Project, the Australian Bureau of 
Meteorology is working with climate-dependent industries and government agencies in ten Pacific 
countries on tailored long-range (three to six months ) climate predictions.  This support will assist 
water resource managers to plan for expected rain fall shortages by increasing storage capacity.  Least 
developed countries involved in this programme ar e Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Tuvalu, and 
Samoa. 
44. Australia contributed $A9.0 million to th e Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) in 
2009-10, building on a previous year contributi on of $A7.5 million.   The LDCF supports the 
preparation and implementation of National Ad aptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs), which 
provide a process for LDCs to identify and prioriti se their urgent and immediate adaptation needs.  
These adaptation needs could include technology transf er activities if these were prioritised by the 
LDCs during the NAPA development process. 
45. The Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR), one of the World Bank-administered 
Climate Investment Funds, supports developing coun tries to integrate climate resilience as a key 
component of their national development plans and decisions.  Nine of the eleven PPCR pilots are 
located in LDCs: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Mozambi que, Nepal, Niger, Yemen, Zambia, Pacific  IP/C/W/551/Add.1 
 Page 9 
 
 
  regional (Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga) and Caribbean regional (Dominica, Grenada, Haiti, 
Jamaica, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent & the Grenadines).  Through the International Climate 
Change Adaptation Initiative, Australia contributed $A11.6 million to the PPCR in 2009-10 as part of 
a total commitment of $A40.0 million from 2008-09 to 2010-11. 
D. IP AUSTRALIA  
46. Australia assists in the process of technology  transfer by facilitating the development of 
strong intellectual property regimes in countries in the Asia and Pacific Region.  The principal mechanism for facilitating this development is th rough the World Intellectual Property Organization 
(WIPO) - Australia Joint Working Group on Intellectual Property Technical Assistance in the Asia and Pacific Region.  Under this Working Group, Australia and WIPO jointly deliver IP technical 
cooperation projects in the region.  The key activit y in 2009-2010 was an advanced training workshop 
in examination of traditional and non-traditi onal trade marks.  Held in Canberra from 
19-23 October 2009, the workshop attracted participan ts from 18 countries in the Asia Pacific region - 
Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, I ndonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Lao PDR, 
Malaysia, Mongolia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Pa pua New Guinea, the Philippines, Singapore, 
Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam.  
47. The aim of the Workshop was to highlight the increasing importance of non-traditional trade 
marks to business owners and to share IP Australia's  experiences in examining applications for these 
marks.  The Workshop achieved this by:  
• providing advanced training on the examin ation of traditional and non-traditional 
trademarks; 
• informing participants on the recent developmen ts in international trade mark law; and 
• providing an opportunity to  exchange views and share national experiences in 
administering trade mark systems. 
E. A
USTRADE  
48. The Australian Trade Commission is Australia's trade and investment development agency.  It 
is responsible for assisting business, small and large, across a wide field of technologies, to export and 
invest internationally, including in least devel oped countries.  Austrade is also responsible for 
attracting foreign direct investment into Australia.  Some examples of Austrade-assisted activities in 
business include: 
• a medium-sized Australian solar solutions co mpany recently established an office in Fiji 
for the rollout of solar energy solutions fo r remote schools, including in LDC nations; 
• a large Australian ICT firm has developed multiple partnerships with Pacific LDC 
telecommunications entities providing software, ICT infrastructure and managed services (locations include Samoa, Solomon Islands and Timor L'este); 
• a laboratory services specialist firm has engaged a local partner and has led to transfer of 
laboratory testing protocols and practices and development of country-wide staff in outer-
Pacific in Fiji, Vanuatu, Samoa, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia; 
• a medium-sized consultancy is providing consultancy services, including training and 
development, in the banking IT sector for south Pacific based banking conglomerate – primarily in Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Fiji. IP/C/W/551/Add.1 
Page 10  
 
   
ANNEX  
 
Australia's Aid Programme:  Australia's Technical Assistance to 
 
Least-Developed Countries 2009-2010  
 
 Australia's Technical Assistance ODA1 to Least Developed Countries for 2009-2010 is 
summarised below (preliminary figures).  Data is not available for IP specific technology transfer 
elements, however the below figures capture the significant knowledge-transfer and capacity building 
that occurs in the provision of technical assistance. 
 
Total Australian ODA to Least Developed Countries in 2009-10 
  
Country Name Preliminary 2009-2010 expenses 
$A 
AFGHANISTAN 112,523,735.36 
ANGOLA 0.00 
BANGLADESH 76,234,439.14 
BENIN 135,630.00 
BHUTAN 6,709,017.03 
BURKINA FASO 135,631.87 
BURUNDI 478,487.48 
CAMBODIA 76,673,677.12 
CENTRAL AFRICAN REP. 14,285.71 
CHAD 242,772.30 
COMOROS 1,421.52 
CONGO, DEM. REP. 8,650,239.90 
ERITREA 1,453.59 
ETHIOPIA 2,088,872.04 
GUINEA-BISSAU 84,391.79 
HAITI 24,872,158.84 
KIRIBATI 21,348,508.05 
LAO PDR 112,578,159.49 
LESOTHO 191,139.63 
LIBERIA 61,353.27 
MADAGASCAR 281.55 
MALAWI 3,534,641.29 
MALDIVES 4,477,606.48 
MALI 37.03 
MOZAMBIQUE 9,610,470.18 
MYANMAR (BURMA) 36,399,485.75 
NEPAL 25,161,952.26 
NIGER 135,630.00 
RWANDA 140,763.60 
SAMOA 41,249,676.37 
SENEGAL 135,630.00 
SIERRA LEONE 150,362.82 
SOLOMON ISLANDS 265,053,009.31 
SOMALIA 5,514,288.13 
                                                      
 1 ODA means Official Development Assistance.  IP/C/W/551/Add.1 
 Page 11 
 
 
  SUDAN 8,588,567.05 
TANZANIA 3,425,308.30 
TIMOR-LESTE (EAST TIMOR) 132,589,943.11 
TOGO 4.37 
TUVALU 6,463,221.31 
UGANDA 6,855,081.01 
VANUATU 62,149,001.14 
YEMEN 2,285,802.66 
ZAMBIA 651,534.06 
Total 1,057,597,671.93 
 
 
__________