WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION   
WT/TPR/OV/14 
21 November 2011  
 
(11-6008) 
Trade Policy Review Body  
  
 
 
OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN THE 
INTERNATIONAL TRADING ENVIRONMENT 
 
Annual Report by the Director-General
1 
 
 
Table of Contents 
 
    P a g e  
I.  INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. ............... 2  
II.  TRADE AND SELECTED EC ONOMIC TRENDS ............................................................................ 4  
III.  TRADE AND TRADE-RELATED POLICY DEVELOPMENTS .................................................... 17  
 A.   TRADE MEASURES  .................................................................................................................. 17  
  1 .   Tariffs ..................................................................................................................... 1 9 
  2 .   Export restri ctions ................................................................................................... 23  
  3 .   Trade remedy measures .......................................................................................... 23  
  4 .   Sanitary and phytosanita ry measures (SPS) ............................................................ 27  
  5 .   Technical barriers to  trade (TBT) ........................................................................... 31  
  6 .   Measures affecting trad e in services ....................................................................... 33 
 B. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT MEASURES  ........................................................................................ 35  
 C.   TRADE POLICY REVIEWS IN 2011 ............................................................................................ 35  
 D.   REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS  ............................................................................................. 39  
 E.   GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT  ................................................................................................ 44  
IV.  AID FOR TRADE ................................................................................................................. .............. 46  
V.  TRADE FINANCING ............................................................................................................... .......... 47 
VI.  TRANSPARENCY, MONITORING AND SURVEILLANCE OF TRADE POLICIES .................. 48  
 A.   NOTIFICATIONS AND SURVEILLANCE IN WTO  COUNCILS AND COMMITTEES  ........................ 51  
 B.   TRANSPARENCY MECHANISM FOR REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS (RTA S) ........................ 57  
 C.   TRADE POLICY REVIEW MECHANISM (TPRM) ...................................................................... 58  
 D.   PERIODIC MONITORING OF MEMBERS ' TRADE POLICIES  ........................................................ 60  
 E.   WTO  DATABASES OF MEMBERS ' NOTIFICATIONS AND OTHER TRADE POLICY 
INFORMATION  ........................................................................................................................ 62 
                                                      
1 This Report covers the period mid-October 2010 to mid-October 2011.  It is presented pursuant to 
Paragraph G of the Trade Policy Review Mechanism and aims to assist the TPRB to undertake its annual 
overview of developments in the international trading environment that are having an impact on the multilateral trading system.  The Report is issued under the sole respon sibility of the Director-General.  It has no legal effect 
on the rights and obligations of Members, nor does it have any legal implications with respect to the conformity 
of any measure noted in the Report with any WTO Agreement or any provisions thereof.  The Report builds on the Director-General's report to the TPRB on trade-related developments distributed on 9 June 2011 
(WT/TPR/OV/W/5). WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 2  
 
  I. INTRODUCTION 
Background 
1. This Report, presented pursuant to Paragraph G of the Trade Policy Review Mechanism, is 
aimed at assisting the TPRB to unde rtake its annual overview of deve lopments in the international 
trading environment that are having an impact on th e multilateral trading system.  It reviews trade and 
trade-related developments during the pe riod mid-October 2010 to mid-October 2011.
2  The Director-
General has reported regularly to WTO Members on trade and trade-related policy developments, 
initially in the context of the globa l financial and economic crises.  The TPRB has agreed to continue 
the monitoring of trade and trade-related measures with reports every six months, and called for active 
participation by all WTO Members and Observer Go vernments in this transparency exercise.   
2. Information on the measures included in this Report has been collected from inputs submitted 
by Members and Observer Governments, as well as from  other official and public sources.  Replies to 
the request of the Director-Gener al for information on measures taken during the period under review 
were received from 55 Members (counting the EU and its Member States separately), which represents only 36% of the Membership.  Three Obse rver Governments also replied to the request for 
information.  The WTO Secretariat has drawn on these replies, as well as on a variety of other public 
and official sources, to prepare this Report.  A ll country-specific information collected was sent for 
verification to the Member concerned.  The S ecretariat has received good cooperation from the 
majority of delegations that were requested to ve rify the accuracy of the information contained in 
Annexes 1 and 2.
3  Where it has not been possible to verify  the information, this is noted in the 
Annexes.4  The country-specific measures listed in An nexes 1 and 2 are new measures implemented 
by governments during the period under review.  M easures implemented befo re mid-October 2010 are 
not included in the annexes, although many of them may still be in place. 
Summary 
3. The outlook for the global economy has worsened considerably in recent months.  Risks and 
uncertainties are increasing, after the encouraging sign als of recovery seen at the end of 2010.  Global 
activity is slowing down, economic performance conti nues to be uneven across countries, debt levels 
and financial volatility are rising, high unemployment levels persist in many countries, and confidence 
has recently fallen sharply.  These risks are aggravat ed by perceptions in markets that governments' 
responses to these challenges have so far been inadequate.   
4. World trade has grown more slowly than exp ected in recent months.  Developed economies 
have been hit by a number of problems ranging fro m shrinking global demand, to the impact of 
natural disasters, to issues related to national budge ts, credit conditions, and th e sovereign debt crisis. 
Trade growth in developing countries has also be en adversely affected by global developments, 
including signs of overheating in some major emerging markets.  In light of the deteriorating economic situation, the forecast for world export gr owth in 2011 was revised to 5.8%, down from the 
earlier estimate of 6.5%.  Develope d economies' exports are expected to rise by 3.7% and those from 
developing countries by 8.5%. 
                                                      
2 This Report builds on the Director-General's previous report to the TPRB on trade-related 
developments distributed on 9 June 2011 (WT/TPR/OV/W/5).  
3 Requests for verification of information were sent  to 61 delegations.  Around 54% of them provided 
replies in time for the preparation of this Report. 
4 The inclusion of any measure in this Report or in its Annexes implies no judgement by the WTO 
Secretariat on whether or not such measure, or its intent, is protectionist in nature.  Moreover, nothing in this Report implies any judgement, either direct or indirect, as  to the consistency of any measure referred to in the 
Report with the provisions of any WTO Agreement.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 3 
 
 
  5. The economic recovery has so far not been st rong enough to reduce significantly high levels 
of unemployment in many countries.  According to the ILO, based on current trends, employment is 
not projected to return to its 2008 level before 2015 in high-income economies.  The number of 
unemployed stood at 205 million in 2010, essentially unchanged from the year earlier, with little hope 
of this figure reverting to pre-crisis levels in the near term.5  The ILO warned recently of a "dramatic 
downturn" in employment over the coming months unl ess governments act to soft en the effect of the 
economic slowdown on labour markets.6 
6. The TPRB monitoring exercise and individual Trade Policy Reviews undertaken in 2011 
show that on the whole governments have largely co ntinued to resist protectionist pressures, although 
an upward trend was observed this year in the impos ition of new trade restrictions.  During the period 
under review, 339 new trade restrictive measures (and those that have the potential to restrict or 
distort trade) were recorded, which is 53% more than  in the previous period.  In particular, the number 
of new export restrictions has increased shar ply;  although accounting for only 19% of total 
restrictions during the monitoring period, export measures were the fastest-growing component.   
7. Moreover, there is a growing perception that trade protectionism is gaining ground in some 
parts of the world as a political reaction to current  local economic difficulties – difficulties that trade 
restrictions are very poorly equipped to resolve.  There are various signs of a revival in the use of 
industrial policy to promote national champions a nd of import substitution measures to back up that 
policy.  Unilateral actions to shield domestic i ndustries, although appealing from a narrow short-term 
perspective, will not solve global problems;  on the contrary, they may make things worse by 
triggering a spiral of tit-for-tat reactions in whic h every country will lose.  These developments are 
adding to the downside risks to the global economy. 
8. Nonetheless, new restrictive measures introduced  in the period between mid-October 2010 
and mid-October 2011 cover around 0.9% of worl d imports, down from 1.2% recorded in the 
previous twelve-month period.7  
9. Some countries have also adopted measures to facilitate trade, especially by reducing or 
temporarily exempting import tariffs, terminating trade remedies actions, and streamlining customs 
procedures.  Trade facilitating measures implemente d during this period account for 48% of the total 
number of measures recorded in Annex 1.  
10. The sectors most affected by new trade restrictive measures are: base metals and products 
(iron and steel); machinery and mechanical applianc es; organic chemicals; meat products; plastic and 
articles; transport equipment (motor vehicles); and cereals. Most of these sectors were already 
relatively heavily protected before the global crisis. 
11. In the area of trade in services, Members are ma intaining the general thrust of their policies 
and levels of market openness.  Save for a few inst ances in which the original restrictive effect of 
policies has been attenuated and work-permit requi rements for certain categories of workers have 
been removed by a few countries, r estrictive measures introduced in the last couple of years are still in 
place.  
                                                      
5 ILO, Global Employment Trends 2011, The Challenge of a Jobs Recovery , 1 January 2011. 
6 World of Work Report 2011:  Making Markets Work for Jobs, 31 October 2011. 
7 The apparent contradiction between the higher numb er of restrictive measures and their lower trade 
coverage may be explained by a number of factors such as the provision by delegations of more detailed HS codes of the measures included, and that the measures in  the previous report covered highly-traded sectors in 
large trading partners. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 4  
 
  12. Regional Trade Agreements (RTA) activity conti nues to be strong.  As of end-October 2011, 
390 RTAs had been notified to the WTO, of which 211 are in force.  The Secretariat estimates that there are around other 100 agreements in force which have not yet been notified to the WTO.  The 
majority of RTA notifications during this period invo lved one or more partners  in the Asian region.  
Asia, Europe, and Latin America appe ar to be relatively more active than other regions in respect of 
agreements that have recently entered into force.    
13. The Transparency Mechanism for RTAs, wh ich has been operating provisionally since 
14 December 2006, continues to provide information and analysis of agreements that have been 
notified to the WTO.  During the period October 2010 to October 2011, 14 factual presentations of 
RTAs were distributed by the WTO Secretariat.  While good progress continues to be made in 
expanding the understanding of RTAs, th ere remain serious gaps, notably in the number of RTAs that 
have not been notified to the Secretariat yet continue  to be implemented by their parties.  Most recent 
RTAs cover goods, services, investment and other provisions such as intellectual property rights, 
trade facilitation, government proc urement and competition, suggesting that they are becoming deeper 
and tackling measures that would normally be consid ered as being "behind the border".   In most 
cases, RTAs tend to go beyond WTO commitments alt hough the degree of liberalization in goods and 
services, and sometimes between sub-sectors, varies considerably.     
14. The WTO notification activities underwrite the im plementation, administration, and operation 
of WTO Agreements and increase the Organization's in stitutional effectiveness.  In all areas more can 
be done.  In some areas, it is not an exaggerati on to say that the gaps that exist in the WTO's 
knowledge about its Members' trade policies and prac tices are still so serious that they undermine the 
value of the individual WTO Agreements.  Most of  those gaps are related to poor compliance with 
formal notification requirements.  In some cases, co rrecting this is a matter of intensifying existing 
work programmes in the specialized Committees and Councils to eliminate backlogs and stay on top 
of the flow of new trade policy data and informa tion.  In other cases, however, additional efforts are 
needed from Members to meet their notification ob ligations and to report regularly on their trade 
policies and practices if they are to achieve the full est possible degree of transparency.  More can be 
done to make active use of the trade policy info rmation available from monitoring and surveillance 
activities.  More can be done also to respond to re quests from developing countries, in particular the 
LDCs, for assistance in managing information on th eir trade policies and reporting on it to the WTO.  
Assistance in this area has been included as a prio rity in the Biennial Technical Assistance and 
Training Plan 2012 - 2013. 
15. The multilateral trading system has been inst rumental in maintaining trade openness during 
the global financial and economic crisis.  WTO Memb ers need to preserve and strengthen this system 
so that it keeps performing this vital function in th e future.  The best way to further open trade in a 
global, predictable and transparent manner remain s the multilateral route.  The multilateral trading 
system has helped countries navigate the crisis so fa r and resist protectionism.  In a context of greater 
economic uncertainty and rising global risks, it is all the more important that the process of global 
trade opening continues; not only by WTO Members showing pragmatism and de termination to find a 
way out of the current impasse in the Doha R ound, but also through accession to the WTO of the 
Russian Federation, Samoa, Vanuatu, and other acced ing countries, as well as through the prompt 
conclusion of the Government Procurement Ag reement negotiations.  The forthcoming 8
th Ministerial 
Conference provides a possibility to find a way forward.    
II. TRADE AND SELECTED ECONOMIC TRENDS 
16. The outlook for the global economy has darkened considerably in recent months.  Official 
statistics on GDP growth in the United States were revised downward, revealing a steeper drop in output during the crisis of 2008-09 than was previously  understood, and a weaker recovery since then, 
stoking fears of a "double dip" recession.  Adva nce estimates for the third quarter of 2011 are  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 5 
 
 
  somewhat more positive, but still below average.  Global financial markets have also been plunged 
into turmoil by the on-going euro area sovereign debt crisis, which has the potential to destabilize 
European and global financial institutions and u ndermine weak economic recoveries in Europe and 
beyond.  All of this has coincided with Chinese ef forts to cool its own economy to contain rising 
inflation (these efforts have had some success as  output growth has moderated in the last two 
quarters).  In the event of a global downturn, the United States, the EU, and China will probably not 
be in a position to support global growth through expansive fiscal policy, as they did during the 
recession of 2008-09.  As a result, there is a real possibility (though not a certainty) of the world economy falling back into recession.   
17. Weaker than expected output growth in the first half of the year, combined with the 
possibility of negative feedback between the real  economy and the financial-fiscal crisis, have 
prompted the IMF to lower its forecast for world output in 2011 to 4.0% down from 4.3% in the spring.  Advanced economies are now expected to grow just 1.6% in 2011 (down from 2.2%), while 
emerging and developing economies should see an increase of around 6.6% (down from 6.8%).  
These figures are calculated using purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates.  At market 
exchange rates, the IMF’s projection for world GDP  growth in 2011 was reduced to 3.0% down from 
3.4%, with no breakdown provided for developed and developing economies. 
18. As the global economic recovery has begun to l ook less certain, so too has the outlook for 
trade.  At the end of September, the WTO Secretariat revised its forecast for the volume of world trade in 2011 to 5.8% from its earlier estimate of 6.5% , released in April.  The projected growth rate 
for exports from developed economies was also revised  downward, to 3.7% from 4.5%, while that for 
the rest of the world, including developing economies and the Commonwealth of Independent States 
(CIS), was reduced to 8.5% from 9.5%.  In additi on to having faster trade growth in volume terms, 
developing economies and the CIS have contributed mo re than half of the year-on-year increases in 
world trade in value (i.e. dollar) terms since the outbreak of the global crisis, despite having a smaller share in world trade (45%) than developed economi es (55%) (Chart 1).  The relatively strong trade 
performance of developing economie s should continue in the coming months, but even the most 
dynamic developing economies would still find them selves strongly affected by another global 
recession.  
19. The world economy is at a critical juncture.  The reduced pace of economic growth has left 
debtor countries more vulnerable to external economi c shocks and to missteps by policymakers.  The 
OECD's composite leading indicators for major econom ies have either turned negative or are positive 
but trending towards negative, suggesting widespread  weakness in business and consumer confidence.  
Moreover, persistent high unemployment and fiscal austerity in developed economies could increase 
protectionist sentiment which, if translated into policy, could prove disastrous for trade.  On a more positive note, a new global recession would come as l ess of a surprise than the last one, and therefore 
might not result in such a sudden retrenchment in consumption, investment, and trade.  Despite the 
increased risk of a downturn, the latest data for the third quarter were somewhat more positive than 
expected.  As a result, the most likely scenario for the world economy remains sluggish but still with 
positive growth in output and trade. 
 WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 6  
 
  9 7 91013 1410
-7
-18 -19-1312 117 710 12566101214
13
-5
-13-14-1231615
11 101213 13 1314212528
23
-12
-31-33-2542826
18 172225
-40-30-20-10010203040
2007Q1 2007Q2 2007Q3 2007Q4 2008Q1 2008Q2 2008Q3 2008Q4 2009Q1 2009Q2 2009Q3 2009Q4 2010Q1 2010Q2 2010Q3 2010Q4 2011Q1 2011Q2Chart 1
Contributions to year-on-year growth in world merchandise exports, 2007Q1 - 2011Q2
Percentage change in US$ values
Developed economies Developing economies + CIS a
World merchandise exports, year-on-year percentage change
Source:Notea Includes significant re-exports.
Due to scarce data availability, Africa and Middle East regional totals are under-represented by about 5% and  
10% respectively.
WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data compiled from IMF International Financial Statistics; Eurostat 
Comext Database; Global Trade Atlas; and national statistics.  
 
Merchandise trade volumes 
20. The Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy An alysis produces monthly trade indices that 
provide timely indications of recent trends in worl d trade volumes.  Data through August (the latest 
month available) clearly show a flattening of trad e flows for both advanced and emerging/developing 
economies (Chart 2).  Although the volume of world tr ade was up 1.3% in August and 1.0% in July, it 
only rose 1.3% in total between January and August, and 0.3% since March.  Trade for the first eight 
months of 2011 was 7.2% higher than in the same period in 2010, but the figure for the whole year will almost certainly be lower, due to recent negative data. 
21. Exports from advanced economies were up 5.7% fo r the year-to-date compared with the same 
period in 2010, while exports of emerging and developing economies increased by 10.4%.  Advanced 
economies' imports rose by 3.8% in the first 8 months of 2011 while imports of emerging and 
developing economies grew by 9.1%.  Some of th e slowdown in trade volumes was related to the 
Japanese earthquake and nuclear accide nt in March but, by July, Japan's exports had mostly recovered 
after suffering a sharp drop.  Meanwhile, Japanes e imports were hardly affected by the disaster. 
22. Early trade volume estimates are volatile and subject to large revisions, so a measure of 
"momentum", defined as the average of the last 3 m onths over the previous three, may give a better 
indication of trade trends than monthly values.  Af ter declining every month since January and turning 
negative in June, momentum for world trade (average  of exports and imports) turned slightly positive 
in July at 0.2%, but then declined by 0.2% in August, although momentum in both months was 
effectively equal to zero after rounding.   WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 7 
 
 
  507090110130150170190210230250
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Chart 2
Volume of monthly exports and imports, January 2000 - August 2011
507090110130150170190210230250
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
OECD excluding Turkey, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Central European countries.
CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.(Indices, 2000 = 100)Exports
Imports
World
a
Source:Emerging economies Advanced economiesaWorld
 WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 8  
 
  23. Trade volume indices are deflated to remove the influence of commodity prices and exchange 
rates, but both have a strong effect on nominal tr ade values.  Chart 3 shows IMF commodity price 
indices for food, metals, and energy, from January 2005 to September 2011.  Energy prices increased by 23% during the first four months of this year , but then fell 11% between April and September as 
the world economy slowed and expectations of future demand fell.  Similarly, prices for mining and 
food products fell by 13% and 8%, respectively, from their peaks through September. 
050100150200250300Chart 3
Prices of selected  primary commodities, January 2005 - September 2011(Indices of current dollar values, 2005=100)
Source: International  Monetary Fund.Food
Metals
Energy
 
Merchandise trade values 
24. Chart 4 shows merchandise exports  and imports of selected econom ies in current U.S. dollars, 
not seasonally adjusted, through August or September depending on data availability.  Exports of the 
United States, the European Union and others appear to have levelled off.  Japan's exports had also 
been flat since the end of 2010, but in October they  rose sharply to their highest level ever.  Imports 
also appear to have slowed down for most count ries, the major exception being the United States, 
where they continued to rise.  As a result, the U.S. merchandise trade deficit increased to 
US$76 billion in August, up from US$60 billion at the beginning of 2011 and from US$32 billion in 
February 2009, at the nadir of the trade collapse.   
25. French and German exports and imports have dipped in U.S. dollar terms in recent months.  
However, some of these changes may be due to no rmal seasonal variation, so year-on-year growth 
rates should be considered.  Ge rmany's merchandise exports increased by 28% year-on-year in 
August, up from 18% in July.  At the same time Germany's imports rose by 26% year-on-year in the 
latest month, up from 21% in July.  Similar increases  in year-on-year growth rates between July and 
August were recorded for France.   
 
  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 9 
 
 
  050100150200250
2007 2008 2009 2010 20110102030405060708090
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
050100150200250
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
020406080100120140160180
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Chart 4
Monthly merchandise exports and imports of se lected economies, January 2007 - September 2011
United StatesJapan(US$ billion)
European Union (27) extra-trade
China
0102030405060
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Republic of Korea051015202530
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Australia
05101520253035404550
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Canada
0123456789
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Argentina
 WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 10  
 
  051015202530
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0510152025
2007 2008 2009 2010 201102468101214161820
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011024681012
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0510152025303540
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0510152025
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Indonesia South Africa
Chinese Taipei Singapore
MalaysiaThailandChart 4 (continued)
051015202530
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Brazil
051015202530354045
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011India
 
  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 11 
 
 
   
 
05101520253035404550
2007 2008 2009 2010 20110510152025
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Russian FederationTurkey
05101520253035
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011MexicoChart 4 (continued)
Exports Imports
Source :  IMF, International Financial Statistics;
GTIS; GTA database; national statistics.
 
 
 
   26. The apparent decline in trade values for France and Germany may also be partly explained by 
recent shifts in the value of the euro against the U.S. dollar.  Merchandise trade values for France and 
Germany include EU intra-trade, which is sensitiv e to the euro/dollar exchange rate. The euro 
depreciated by 11% against the dollar between 1 May and 1 October, which makes the same intra-EU 
trade worth less in dollar terms, thereby reducing the value of exports and imports for France and 
Germany (Chart 5). WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 12  
 
  9095100105110115
Jan-11 Feb-11 Mar-11 Apr-11 May-11 Jun-11 Jul-11 Aug-11 Sep-11 Oct-11
Euro area Japan China United KingdomChart 5
U.S. dollar exchange rates of selected economies, since January 2011
(Indices, 1 January 2011=100)
Source:  The Federal Reserve  Bank of St. Louis.  
Trade in commercial services 
27. A limited amount of quarterly data is availabl e on trade in commercial services.  Existing 
information provides some evidence of a slowdown in  world trade, but this is not conclusive.   
28. U.S. imports of commercial services in 2011Q2 re turned to their pre-crisis level of around 
US$100 billion, first reached in 2008, based on fi gures from the WTO Secretariat.  Meanwhile, 
exports rose to their pre-crisis peak of US$140 billion in Q2 of 2010 but have been more or less flat 
since then.  Year-on-year growth in U.S. commerc ial services trade in the second quarter of 2011 was 
12% on the export side and 6% on the import side, with little change from the previous quarter for 
either exports or imports.  
29. European Union (27) extra-exports of services were valued at US$139 billion in 2011Q1.  
They have never recovered their pre-crisis peak  of US$203 billion recorded in 2008Q3.  Imports of 
services in 2011Q2 were worth US$120 billion, we ll down from their peak of US$179 billion in 
2008Q3. Extra-exports actually declined 16% yea r-on-year in Q2 after growing 11% in 2011Q1.  
Extra-imports also fell 14% year-on-year  in Q2 after increasing by 6% in Q1. 
30. Japanese exports of services dropped sharply in 2011Q2, wiping out all gains for the year.  
The year-on-year change in exports was -1%, following a 15% increase in 2011Q1.  Imports also 
dipped in Q2 but not as sharply, ending with a 2%  year-on-year increase following a 10% increase in 
the previous quarter.  The value of Japan's trad e in services in Q2 was US$32.7 billion on the export 
side and US$39.6 billion on the import side. 
31. Only six quarters of data were available for China, but this was enough to observe a fairly 
strong slowing of services exports (but not a decline)  in the latest quarter.  Year-on-year growth in 
services exports from China dropped from 26% in Q1 to 9% in 2011Q2.  There was a less dramatic  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 13 
 
 
  decline on the import side (from 25% in Q1 to 21% in Q2).  Exports and imports were valued at 
US$45 billion and US$56 billion, respectively, in 2011Q1. 
32. Taken together, these data suggest that servi ces exports and imports have stalled or are 
declining in Europe and Japan, but are still growing (albeit more slowly than before) in the United 
States and China.  
Employment and output 
33. Unemployment remains stubbornly high in the United States at 9.1%, more than two years 
after the country’s recession officially ended in June  2009 (Chart 6).  The European Union's rate is not 
much different at 9.5%, but the United States has suffered a bigger increase in joblessness since the financial crisis.  The U.S. unemployment rate was 4. 5% as recently as 2007Q1, at which time the EU's 
rate was 7.5%.  The share of the Japanese labour  force that was counted as unemployed in 2011Q2 
was 4.5%, not much different from the share at the beginning of 2007 (4%).  However, the country's 
tradition of lifetime employment means that there is a looser relationship between unemployment and 
output than in other developed countries.  There are little employment data available for China. 
34. GDP is growing too slowly in the developed world to bring down unemployment rates very 
quickly.  Output in the United Stat es increased at a modest 2.5% ra te in Q3 (annualized), better than 
the meagre 1.4% in Q2 and 0.3% in Q1 but s till below the 2.8% quarterly average since 1980.  
Meanwhile, the EU and Japan have  fared no better.  Japan's economy contracted 2.1% in Q2, the 
fourth quarter out of five with negative growth.  The EU recorded an increase of just 0.9% in Q2 
following growth of 2.9% in Q1. 
35. Germany has been one of the bright spots of  the post-crisis recovery, but its GDP growth fell 
to just 0.5% in Q2, down sharply from 5.5% in Q1.  Slower growth in the engine of the EU economy will make it even more difficult for the EU to deal with its fiscal and banking crisis. 
 WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 14  
 
  024681012
-10-8-6-4-20246
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q32007Q4
2008Q1
2008Q22008Q32008Q42009Q12009Q22009Q32009Q4
2010Q1
2010Q22010Q32010Q42011Q12011Q22011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarterChart 6
GDP growth and unemployment rates of selected economies, Q1 2007 - Q3 2011
(Annualized percentage change over previous  quarter and percentage of labour force)
United States
024681012
-12-10-8-6-4-20246
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q3
2007Q4
2008Q12008Q22008Q32008Q4
2009Q1
2009Q22009Q32009Q4
2010Q1
2010Q22010Q32010Q42011Q1
2011Q2
2011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarterEuropean Union (27)
024681012
-8-6-4-20246
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q32007Q4
2008Q1
2008Q22008Q32008Q42009Q12009Q22009Q32009Q4
2010Q1
2010Q22010Q32010Q42011Q12011Q22011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarter
012345678910
-20-15-10-50510
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q3
2007Q4
2008Q1
2008Q2
2008Q3
2008Q4
2009Q1
2009Q2
2009Q3
2009Q4
2010Q1
2010Q2
2010Q32010Q4
2011Q1
2011Q2
2011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarter
012345678910
-14-12-10-8-6-4-2024
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q32007Q4
2008Q1
2008Q22008Q32008Q42009Q12009Q22009Q32009Q4
2010Q1
2010Q22010Q32010Q42011Q12011Q22011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarter
0123456789
-10-8-6-4-20246
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q3
2007Q4
2008Q1
2008Q2
2008Q3
2008Q4
2009Q1
2009Q2
2009Q3
2009Q4
2010Q1
2010Q2
2010Q32010Q4
2011Q1
2011Q2
2011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarterFrance Germany
Italy United Kingdom
 
  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 15 
 
 
  0123456
-20-15-10-5051015
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q32007Q4
2008Q1
2008Q22008Q32008Q4
2009Q1
2009Q22009Q32009Q4
2010Q1
2010Q22010Q3
2010Q4
2011Q12011Q22011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarterChart 6  (continued)
Japan
012345
-20-15-10-505101520
2007Q1
2007Q2
2007Q32007Q4
2008Q1
2008Q22008Q3
2008Q4
2009Q12009Q2
2009Q3
2009Q42010Q1
2010Q2
2010Q32010Q4
2011Q1
2011Q2
2011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarterRepublic of Korea
024681012
-20-15-10-5051015
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q32007Q4
2008Q1
2008Q22008Q32008Q4
2009Q1
2009Q22009Q32009Q4
2010Q1
2010Q22010Q3
2010Q4
2011Q12011Q22011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarter
012345678910
-20-15-10-505101520
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q32007Q42008Q12008Q22008Q32008Q42009Q12009Q22009Q3
2009Q4
2010Q12010Q22010Q32010Q42011Q12011Q22011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarter
012345
0510152025
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q3
2007Q4
2008Q12008Q2
2008Q3
2008Q4
2009Q1
2009Q22009Q3
2009Q4
2010Q1
2010Q2
2010Q32010Q4
2011Q1
2011Q22011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarter
012345
-50510152025
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q32007Q42008Q12008Q22008Q32008Q42009Q12009Q22009Q3
2009Q4
2010Q12010Q22010Q32010Q42011Q12011Q22011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarterBrazil Russian Federation
China a bIndia b
Quarter-on quarter GDP growth estimated by WTO based on year-on-year changes reported by China's National Bureau of 
Statistics through 2010Q4.
b    Unemployment data not available.a   
 
 WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 16  
 
  0123456
-6-4-202468
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q32007Q42008Q12008Q22008Q32008Q42009Q12009Q22009Q32009Q42010Q12010Q22010Q32010Q42011Q12011Q22011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarterChart 6 (continued)
Australia
Source :    Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and National Statistics.0123456789
-10-8-6-4-202468
2007Q1
2007Q2
2007Q32007Q42008Q12008Q2
2008Q3
2008Q42009Q12009Q22009Q3
2009Q4
2010Q12010Q22010Q32010Q4
2011Q1
2011Q22011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarterCanada
024681012
024681012
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q32007Q4
2008Q1
2008Q22008Q32008Q42009Q12009Q22009Q32009Q4
2010Q1
2010Q22010Q32010Q42011Q12011Q22011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarter
02468101214
-25-20-15-10-50510152025
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q32007Q42008Q12008Q22008Q32008Q42009Q12009Q22009Q32009Q42010Q12010Q22010Q32010Q42011Q12011Q22011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarter
051015202530
-8-6-4-202468
2007Q1
2007Q2
2007Q3
2007Q42008Q12008Q2
2008Q3
2008Q42009Q12009Q2
2009Q3
2009Q42010Q12010Q2
2010Q3
2010Q42011Q12011Q2
2011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarterIndonesia Turkey
South Africa
GDP (LHS) Unemployment rate (RHS)024681012
-505101520
2007Q1
2007Q22007Q32007Q42008Q12008Q22008Q32008Q42009Q12009Q22009Q32009Q42010Q12010Q2
2010Q3
2010Q42011Q12011Q22011Q3
% of labour force% change over previous quarterArgentina
All data are seasonally adjusted except for the unemployment rate of Indonesia.  Unemployment rates of EU 
countries are harmonized rates.  Note:
  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 17 
 
 
  III. TRADE AND TRADE-RELATED POLICY DEVELOPMENTS 
A. TRADE MEASURES  
36. The Director-General's mid-year Report to the TPRB on trade-related developments noted 
that trade restrictions had become more pronounced than in previous periods.8  Since then, the upward 
trend in the number of trade restricting measures ha s remained unabated.  Members continue to put in 
place a variety of trade and trade-related measures th at restrict, or have the potential to restrict, 
imports and exports.  In particular, the number of  export restrictive measures has more than doubled 
over the period under monitoring compared with the preceding twelve months.  
37. The number of trade restrictive, or potentially trade restrictive, measures put in place by WTO 
Members and Observer Governments during the peri od mid-October 2010 to mid-October 2011 has 
grown by around 50% from the previous period.  The rise in trade restrictions was observed mainly 
with regard to export measures and border measures affecting imports.  In total, 339 trade restrictive 
measures were recorded during the period under m onitoring, compared with 222 during the preceding 
period (Table 1).  The measures counted in the table are not all comparable, in particular in terms of 
their trade restrictiveness and potential impact on trade flows.  Some measures may apply to one 
specific product or import origin, while others may affect  a basket of products from all origins.  It has 
also been noted that the discriminatory impact of  some measures may be compounded by the fact that 
several of them do not apply to partners in Pr eferential Trade Agreements.  Moreover, not all 
measures categorized as trade re strictive may have been adopt ed with such an intention.9  
Nevertheless, an attempt was made to maintain a c onsistent approach throughout the various reports 
in the counting and aggregation of  individual measures by period so as to illustrate the main trends. 
Table 1 
Trade restrictive measures  
Type of restrictive 
measure October 2008 to 
October 2009 November 2009 to 
mid-October 2010 Mid-October 2010 to
mid-October 2011 
Trade remedy 184 122 129 
Border 105 62 126 
Export 20 25 64 
Other 15 13 20 
Total 324 222 339 
Source: Annex 1 and WTO document WT/TPR/OV/13, 24 November 2010. 
38. The share of border measures in total restricti ons recorded during the period under monitoring 
has expanded, and is now almost equal to that of trade remedy actions.  Among the trade remedy 
measures, anti-dumping initiations were the most frequently-observed acti on, while among border 
measures, it was tariff increases, the introduction of  non-automatic import licenses and other NTBs.   
39. Export restrictive measures, although accounting for only 19% of total restrictions during the 
monitoring period, were the fastest growing com ponent;  the number of new export restrictions 
recorded during the period mid-October 2010 to mi d-October 2011 was more than 150% higher than 
during the previous one-year period.  
                                                      
8 WTO document WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011. 
9 The inclusion of any measure in this table and in the Annex Tables implies no judgement by the WTO 
Secretariat on whether or not such measure, or its intent, is protectionist in nature.  Moreover, nothing in the tables implies any judgement, either direct or indirect , on the consistency of any reported measure with the 
provisions of any WTO Agreement, or such measur e's relationship with the global financial crisis. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 18  
 
  40. The compilation of all trade and trade-related measures implemented by WTO Members and 
Observer Governments from mid-October 2010 to mid- October 2011 is provided in Annex 1.  In this 
period, new import restrictions, along with new initia tions of investigations into the imposition of 
trade remedy measures, cover almost 0.9% of total world imports (Table 2).  This compares with 1.2% during the preceding period.  These figures represent the estimated trade coverage of the 
measures (for which the HS tariff c odes were provided or easily identified);  they do not indicate the 
actual impact on trade flows.
10 
Table 2 
Share of world trade covered by new import restrictive measures 
(Per cent) 
October 2008  
to October 2009 November 2009  
to mid-October 2010 Mid-October 2010  
to mid-October 2011 
1.01 1.20 0.87 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates ba sed on UNSD Comtrade database. 
41. The new trade restrictive measures taken during the period under monitoring affect a 
relatively wide range of products.  In terms of  the number of trade measures, the sectors most 
frequently affected include: articles of iron and st eel, machinery and mechanical appliances, organic 
chemicals, iron and steel, meat, plastic and articles,  motor vehicles, cereals, and dairy products.  The 
sectors most heavily affected in terms of trade coverage of restrictive measures were transport 
equipment (motor vehicles for less than 10 p assengers, and parts and accessories for motor vehicles), 
machinery and mechanical appliances (electrical a pparatus for line telephony), base metals (iron and 
steel), live animals and products (meat of bovine animals), and rubber (Table 3).  
Table 3 
Trade coverage of import restrictive me asures (Mid-October 2010 - mid-October 2011) 
(Per cent) 
HS section Share in total world imports Share in total restriction 
Total imports affected 0.87 100.00 
  Agriculture (HS 01-24) 0.09 10.71 
    Live animals and products 0.05 6.26 
    Vegetable products 0.01 1.13 
    Fats and oils 0.00 0.54 
    Prepared food, bevera ges and tobacco 0.02 2.79 
  Industry products (HS 25-97) 0. 78 89.29 
    Minerals 0.03 3.26 
    Chemicals and products thereof 0.03 2.91 
    Plastics and rubber, and products thereof 0.04 5.14 
    Hides and skins 0.01 0.64 
    Wood and articles thereof 0.01 1.16 
    Pulp, paper etc. 0.02 2.22 
    Textiles and cl othing 0. 04 4.93 
    Footwear, headgear 0.00 0.12 
Table 3 (cont'd) 
                                                      
10 Secretariat calculations are based on the follo wing methodology:  only tr ade measures that are 
actually in force are counted (these measures are listed in  Annex 1 of this Report); where two measures (e.g. an 
anti-dumping and a countervailing action) apply to the same country and the same product, import figures are counted only once;  and the value of trade covered is estima ted at the six-digit HS tariff line level, which is the 
most disaggregated level available from UNSD Comtrade database.    WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 19 
 
 
  HS section Share in total world imports Share in total restriction 
    Articles of stone 0.01 0.67 
    Precious stones, plaster, ceme nt; glass and gla ssware 0.00 0.00 
    Base metals and products thereof 0.08 9.06 
    Machinery and mechani cal appliances 0.25 28.30 
   Transport equipment 0.26 30.05 
    Precision equipment 0.00 0.07 
    Arms and ammunition 0.00 0.00 
    Miscellaneous manufacture 0.01 0.76 
    Works of art, etc. 0.00 0.00 
Note: Calculations are based on 2010 import figures.  Total world imports in 2010:  US$15,021 billion. 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, ba sed on UNSD Comtrade database. 
42. Beyond the trade and trade-related measures lis ted in Annex 1, some Members continue to 
raise concerns about the impact of administrativ e practices that, according to them, significantly 
restrict trade opportunities.  They refer, for example, to the length of time taken by some countries to 
grant non-automatic import licences (in some cases th e procedure is reported to  take up to 210 days, 
for example on shoes), or to more cumbersome cu stoms procedures;  however, it was not possible for 
the Secretariat to verify these assertions because the actions were based on administrative decisions 
and practices and not on written regulations.   
43. During the period under review, there were also instances where governments put in place 
measures to further facilitate trade, in particular  through the reduction of import tariffs (some on a 
temporary basis) or the streamlining of trade procedur es.   Out of a total of 649 trade and trade-related 
measures recorded in Annex 1, 48% can be consider ed as measures facilitating trade.   This compares 
with almost 50% during the preceding period.   
44. A number of trade remedy actions were ende d during the period under monitoring, involving 
the termination of investigations or the remova l of trade remedy duties imposed during previous 
periods.  Although some of these actions may resu lt from quasi-automatic procedures, and others 
were related to actions undertaken some time a go, they nevertheless constitute measures facilitating 
trade. The termination of trade remedy actions  accounts for around 45% of all recorded trade 
facilitating measures.  
45. While some Members have raised a few of their applied MFN tariffs in the wake of the global 
financial and economic crisis that erupted in 2008, such increases ha ve been rare (even in Members 
where significant gaps between bound and applied MFN rates provide scope for such increases).  The 
overall trend in applied MFN rates in the four larg est traders (the United States, European Union, 
Japan and China) as well as most other Members, including Brazil, Cambodia, Ecuador, India, South Africa and Zimbabwe, continues to be downwards , whether in line with Members' Uruguay Round 
commitments or due to unilateral action. 
1. Tariffs 
46. In the United States, EU and Japan, where applie d MFN tariffs are generally at, or very close 
to, bound rates, the simple averages of applied MFN rates for all products in 2010 (the latest year 
available) were down to 4.8% in the United States,  6.6% in the EU, and 5.8% in Japan, making an 
overall average of 5.7%, compared to 8.5% in 1996, for this Triad of industrialized Members 
(Table 4a).  However, these averages tend to under estimate the level of nominal tariff protection.  In 
particular, they do not include sp ecific duties for which ad valorem equivalents are not available, as in 
the EU and Japan, and which tend to conceal tariff "peaks".  Moreover, while this seemingly low level 
of tariff protection in the Triad might give the impr ession that tariffs are no longer a major barrier to 
international trade, especially as far as industria l goods are concerned, these low tariff averages WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 20  
 
  disguise the fact that agricultural products, together  with textiles and clothing, are subject to much 
higher average rates of 13.9% and 7.9%, respectively. 
Table 4a 
Structure of MFN tariffs in the United States, the European Union, and Japan  
(Per cent) 
  United Statesa European Union Japan 
  MFN applied F.B. 
(2006)b MFN applied F.B. 
(2010)bd MFN applied F.B. 
(2010)b     1996 2002 2010 1995c 2002 2010d 1996e 2002e 2010e 
1 Bound tariff lines 
(per cent of all tariff lines) 100.0f 100.0f 100.0f 100.0f .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.9 98.9 98.8 98.8 
2 Simple average rate 6.4 5.1 4.8 4.7 10.2 6.4 6.6 6.7 9.0 6.9 5.8 5.9 
 WTO agricultural 
products 10.3 9.8 8.9 8.9 24.5 16.1 17.1 17.1 .. 20.1 15.7 16.0 
 WTO non-agricultural 
products 5.7 4.2 4.1 4.0 6.9 4.1 4.1 4.2 .. 3.9 3.5 3.6 
 Textiles and clothing 11.5 9.7 9.1 9.1 10.4 8.4 8.0 8.0 8.7 7.0 6.6 6.6 
 ISIC 1 - Agriculture, 
hunting  and fishing 7.1 5.6 5.7 5.6 .. 9.3 9.3 9.7 .. 7.2 4.4 4.3 
 ISIC 2 - Mining 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.3 .. 0.2 0.3 0.3 .. 0.1 0.1 0.1 
 ISIC 3 - Manufacturing 6.4 5.1 4.8 4.7 .. 6.3 6.5 6.6 .. 6.9 6.0 6.1 
 First stage of 
processing 4.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 .. 7.6 7.2 7.6 .. 9.2 5.7 5.7 
 Semi-processed 
products 6.5 4.7 4.2 4.2 .. 4.9 5.1 5.1 .. 4.8 4.7 4.8 
 Fully processed 
products 6.5 5.5 5.3 5.2 .. 7.0 7.3 7.3 .. 7.8 6.6 6.8 
3 Duty free tariff lines 
(per cent of all tariff lines) 18.2 31.2 36.6 37.4 9.4 21.5 24.8 24.1 34.9 36.7 41.4 40.5 
4 Tariff quotas (per cent 
of all tariff lines) 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 3.3 3.1 4.7 4.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 
5 Non- ad valorem  tariffs 
(per cent of all tariff 
lines) 14.1 12.2 10.7 11.0 10.2 9.7 10.3 10.3 7.1 7.1 6.6 6.4 
6 Non- ad valorem  tariffs 
with no AVEs (per cent 
of all tariff lines) 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.0 2.6 3.7 3.7 .. 1.2 2.0 1.9 
7 Domestic tariff "peaks" 
(per cent of all tariff 
lines)g 4.0 5.3 6.7 6.8 4.0 5.2 5.5 5.4 .. 6.0 6.6 6.7 
8 International tariff 
"peaks" (per cent of all 
tariff lines)h 8.9 6.3 5.1 5.2 11.0 7.7 8.6 8.8 .. 7.6 7.4 7.5 
9 Overall standard 
deviation of tariff rates 13.4 12.3 11.8 11.8 16.5 11.3 13.3 13.3 40.8 32.6 15.9 16.1 
10 Nuisance applied rates 
(per cent of all tariff 
lines)i 8.9 12.6 7.2 7.0 1.0 12.9 8.8 8.9 .. 6.1 1.3 1.2 
.. Not available.  
F.B.  Final bound.  
a The United States levies its ad valorem duties on the basis of the "f.o.b." ("free on board") price, thereby ex cluding the costs of insurance and 
freight.  By contrast, most other WTO Members, including the EU, Japan and Canada, levy ad valorem  import duties on the "c.i.f." price, which 
includes these costs.  As the c.i.f. price exceeds the f.o.b. price by the amount of insurance and freight costs, a  tariff lev ied on the f.o.b. price 
affords less protection than one levied at the same rate on the c.i.f. price. 
b Indicate tariff schedule year on which bound rates are based on. 
c  Pre-Uruguay Round tariff. 
d Provisional figures. e Fiscal year, valid from 1 April. f Two lines, applying to crude petroleum, are not bound. g Domestic tariff peaks are defined as those exceedin g three times the overall si mple average applied rate. 
h International tariff peaks are defined as those exceeding 15%. i  Nuisance rates are those greater than zero, but less than or equal to 2%. 
Note: All calculations exclude "in quota" rates.  Ad valorem  equivalents (AVEs) of non- ad valorem  duties are used insofar as they are available.  Where 
AVEs are not available, the ad valorem tariff component is used for compound and alternate rates. 
Source : WTO Secretariat calculations, based on  data provided by the Members.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 21 
 
 
  47. Although tariffs tend to be considerably higher in  developing countries, they too have been 
falling, and in some cases rapidly (Table 4b).  In  the four major developing Members (China, India, 
Brazil and South Africa), simple average applied  MFN tariff rates have been cut by between one-half 
and two-thirds in China, India and South Africa,  where they have reached 9.5%, 12% and 8.1%, 
respectively, while in Brazil the average has dr opped substantially to 11.5%, making an overall 
average of 10.3% for these four coun tries.  Agricultural products entering China and India, face tariffs 
that are, on average, roughly two to four times t hose applied to non-agricultural imports, whereas in 
Brazil and South Africa, agricultural products are subj ect to similar or even substantially lower tariffs 
than those applied to non-agricultural products.  Braz il and South Africa, and to a lesser extent China, 
unlike India, also levy relatively high tariffs on textiles and clothing.  
Table 4b 
Structure of MFN tariffs in selected developing countries 
(Per cent) 
  China India Brazil South Africa 
  MFN applied F.B. 
(2009)a MFN applied F.B. 
(2010)a MFN applied F.B. 
(2005)a MFN applied F.B. 
(2008)a    1996 2002 2011 1997b 2001b 2010b 2000 2002 2008 1997 2002 2009 
1 Bound tariff lines 
(per cent of all 
tariff lines) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .. 73.3 75.6 75.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.3 96.2 95.1 95.1 
2 Simple average 
rate 23.6 12.2 9.5 9.9 35.3 32.3 12.0 46.4 13.7 12.3 11.5 30.2 15.0 11.4 8.1 20.3 
 WTO 
agricultural 
products 33.8 18.2 15.1 15.3 35.2 40.7 33.2 118.4 12.6 11.5 10.1 35.2 9.4 9.6 10.1 41.8 
 WTO non-
agricultural 
products 22.1 11.2 8.6 9.0 35.4 31.0 8.9 32.1 13.8 12.4 11.6 29.6 15.7 11.6 7.8 16.7 
 Textiles and 
clothing 32.8 17.5 11.4 11.5 43.7 31.3 9.7 28.7 20.3 18.7 25.1 34.7 35.1 24.4 21.2 27.8 
 ISIC 1 - 
Agriculture, hunting and 
fishing 25.2 13.1 11.1 11.3 26.7 32.9 28.9 95.4 9.3 8.3 7.1 33.9 5.5 5.3 3.7 21.0 
 ISIC 2 - Mining 5.7 2.5 1.9 2.8 25.5 21.3 5.1 36.2 6.2 4.8 3.1 34.2 1.4 0.7 0.8 1.5 
  ISIC 3 - 
Manufacturing 23.9 12.3 9.5 9.9 36.1 32.5 11.1 43.2 14.0 12.6 11.8 30.0 15.6 11.8 8.5 20.6 
 First stage of 
processing 20.4 11.2 9.5 9.9 25.6 29.3 22.5 76.8 9.0 8.0 6.9 34.0 5.0 4.8 3.6 16.6 
 Semi-processed 
products 17.0 9.5 7.0 7.3 35.7 32.3 8.6 40.7 11.9 10.5 9.3 26.1 18.6 12.9 6.0 15.3 
 Fully processed 
products 27.8 13.8 10.9 11.3 37.3 33.0 12.2 43.6 15.8 14.3 13.9 32.5 13.7 11.2 10.2 24.0 
3 Duty free tariff 
lines (per cent of 
all tariff lines) 1.9 4.9 9.4 7.6 1.4 1.1 3.2 1.9 1.5 5.6 8.3 0.7 42.4 43.4 54.4 11.6 
4 Tariff quotas (per 
cent of all tariff 
lines) .. 0.8 0.6 0.6 .. .. .. .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 .. 4.2 3.8 4.6 4.6 
5 Non- ad valorem  
tariffs (per cent 
of all tariff lines) 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.2 5.3 6.1 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 25.6 25.0 3.2 0.0 
6 Non- ad valorem  
tariffs with no 
AVEs (per cent 
of all tariff lines) 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 5.3 6.1 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 25.6 25.0 0.8 0.0 
7 Domestic tariff 
"peaks" (per cent 
of all tariff lines)c 1.1 1.8 2.2 2.4 0.2 1.3 2.2 6.5 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 4.0 3.9 8.5 2.8 
8 International 
tariff "peaks" 
(per cent of all 
tariff lines)d 55.2 29.0 14.8 15.9 90.5 93.9 11.9 87.7 41.3 40.1 26.3 97.4 39.3 34.8 20.8 46.4 
9 Overall standard 
deviation of tariff 
rates 17.4 9.1 7.5 7.6 14.5 13.0 14.2 40.8 6.7 6.9 8.3 8.0 17.8 12.6 11.1 23.8 
10 Nuisance applied 
rates (per cent of 
all tariff lines)e 1.0 2.0 2.6 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.8 2.1 18.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 
 WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 22  
 
  Table 4c 
Structure of MFN tariffs in selected developing countries 
(Per cent) 
  Cambodia Ecuador Zimbabwe 
  MFN applied F.B. 
(2011)a MFN applied F.B. 
(2002)aMFN applied F.B. 
 (2011)a 
    2000 2005 2011 1997 2005 2011 .. 2007 2011 
1 Bound tariff lines (per cent of all tariff 
lines) .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 .. 22.4 22.4 22.4 
2 Simple average rate 17.4 15.1 11.7 20.1 11.3 11.4 9.3 21.0 .. 17.5 15.4 92.6 
 WTO agricultural products 20.3 17.9 14.5 28.8 14.0 15.7 17.3 25.6 .. 27.5 25.1 143.8 
 WTO non-agricultural products 16.9 14.8 11.3 18.7 10.9 10.8 8.1 20.3 .. 15.9 13.9 10.3 
 Textiles and clothing 20.7 16.1 7.9 12.3 18.1 18.1 14.3 28.4 .. 27.8 21.3 27.4 
 ISIC 1 - Agriculture, hunting and fishing 11.9 10.8 10.0 23.2 10.6 11.9 13.3 21.4 .. 18.1 17.3 115.0 
 ISIC 2 - Mining 11.9 10.2 6.5 17.7 5.2 5.1 0.5 15.1 .. 6.3 5.9 n.a. 
 ISIC 3 - Manufacturing 17.7 15.4 11.9 20.0 11.4 11.5 9.2 21.1 .. 17.6 15.4 86.3 
 First stage of processing 12.2 10.8 9.3 21.2 9.5 10.3 10.3 20.7 .. 13.9 13.3 101.1 
 Semi-processed products 10.8 8.3 6.2 13.6 9.6 9.6 5.9 17.3 .. 10.2 8.7 51.7 
 Fully processed products 21.1 18.5 14.5 22.6 12.6 12.8 11.2 23.3 .. 22.6 19.7 96.9 
3 Duty free tariff lines (per cent of all tariff 
lines) 4.2 5.9 13.7 1.1 3.3 3.2 46.7 0.0 .. 6.6 9.9 10.2 
4 Tariff quotas (per cent of all tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .. 0.5 0.4 .. .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 
5 Non- ad valorem  tariffs (per cent of all tariff 
lines) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 .. 6.4 6.1 2.8 
6 Non- ad valorem  tariffs with no AVEs (per 
cent of all tariff lines) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 .. 6.4 6.1 2.8 
7 Domestic tariff "peaks" (per cent of all 
tariff lines)c 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.7 10.8 0.2 .. 6.8 1.6 0.0 
8 International tariff "peaks" (per cent of all 
tariff lines)d 28.1 20.8 9.9 46.7 24.4 24.4 24.8 67.3 .. 35.4 30.4 68.7 
9 Overall standard deviation of tariff rates 13.6 11.0 9.2 11.6 6.4 7.0 11.0 8.2 .. 17.8 15.8 69.1 
10 Nuisance applied rates (per cent of all tariff 
lines)e 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 .. 0.0 0.2 0.0 
.. Not available.  
n.a. Not applicable. 
F.B.  Final bound.  
a Indicate tariff schedule year on which bound rates are based on. 
b Fiscal year, valid from 1 April. c Domestic tariff peaks are defined as those exceeding three times the ov erall simple average applied rate. 
d International tariff peaks are defined as those exceeding 15%. e Nuisance rates are those greater than zero, but less than or equal to 2%. 
Note: All calculations exclude "in quota" rates.  Ad valorem  equivalents (AVEs) of non- ad valorem  duties are used insofar as they are available.  Where 
AVEs are not available, the ad valorem tariff component is used for compound and alternate rates. 
Source : WTO Secretariat calculations, base d on data provided by the Members. 
48. Likewise, in most other developing countries,  including Cambodia, Ecuador and Zimbabwe, 
which were reviewed by the TPRB in 2011, the trend in applied  MFN tariffs is downward (Table 4c).  
At the same time, agricultural pr oducts are subject to higher average tariffs than industrial products.  
Indeed, in Ecuador and Zimbabwe, the average applied  MFN tariff rates on imports of agricultural 
products are close to twice as mu ch as the average rates on imports on non-agricultural products.  
These two countries also levy relatively high ta riffs on imports of textiles and clothing. 
49. It follows that tariffs remain an important obst acle to international trade (and thus a distortion 
to competition) and therefore economic development.  Even in industrialized countries, where average 
applied  MFN tariff rates are seemingly low, the existen ce of tariff "peaks" in certain sectors, notably 
textiles and clothing as well as agriculture, suggest s that the domestic dead-weight and net welfare 
losses caused by tariff protection, as well as the costs to consumers in those countries could be high.  Such losses and costs to consumers are also likely to be high in developing countries, where overall 
tariff protection is greater than in industrialized  countries, thereby constituting not only a serious 
impediment to trade between indus trialized and developing countries (North-South trade), but also to 
trade among developing countries (South-South trade).  Additional features of tariffs include the lack 
of tariff bindings for non-agricultural products, together with considerable gaps between applied  and 
bound  rates, the use of specific (as opposed to ad valorem) rates, tariff quotas, and tariff escalation.  
Tariff escalation, which is evident in major indus trialized and developing countries, especially as far 
as semi- and fully-processed goods are concerned, means that "effective" tariff rates can considerably 
exceed nominal rates.  If not mitigated by special arrangements, such as the Generalized System of  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 23 
 
 
  Preferences (GSP)11 and the recent decision by China to o ffer DFQF access to 97% of imports from 
LDCs, the use of tariffs by major industrialized and developing countries as well as other Members to 
impede access to their goods markets can lead to welfare losses on a global scale as well as 
domestically, because they tend to hamper developing  countries' efforts to achieve export-led growth. 
50. Tariffs are not only a barrier to imports.  Insofar as they are levied on imported inputs and 
reflected in the prices of final goods (and services) manufactured in the importing country, they also 
constitute export taxes to the extent that those final goods (and services) are tradable, and are 
therefore a potential impediment to exports.  Within the highly integrated global production chain of today, end-products to consumers and producers can accumulate multiple tariff charges over the 
course of their fabrication in different countries. 
2. Export restrictions 
51. The Director-General's mid-year report to the TPRB warned about the increasing trend in 
export restrictions, imposed mainly on food produc ts and some minerals.  Measures included export 
taxes in response to rising prices for agricultu ral products, and export quotas and other export 
restrictions on certain metals and minerals put in  place reportedly with a view to securing domestic 
supply and addressing resource depletion.  The mid- year Report provided a dedicated analysis of 
export restrictions.
12  
52. The upward trend in the implementation of new export restrictions has continued during the 
period under monitoring.  More export restrictive measures were recorded than in past periods.  
Although accounting for only 19% of total restric tive measures taken during the period mid-October 
2010 to mid-October 2011, export restrictions were the fastest growing component;  new restrictive 
measures during this period were more than 150% higher than those recorded in the preceding twelve 
months. 
53. From mid-October 2010 to mid-October 2011, 64  new measures aimed at directly or 
indirectly restricting exports have been implem ented, compared with 25 measures in the preceding 
twelve-month period.  Restrictive measures affected  mainly food products and certain raw materials 
and minerals.  In terms of  the number of export measures, the sect ors most frequently affected during 
the period under review include:  cereals, oilsee ds and oleaginous fruits, fruits and vegetables, 
inorganic chemicals, and certain minerals.  On th e other hand, 33 measures were implemented during 
the monitoring period which terminated export rest rictions, or reduced their restrictive impact. 
54. As noted in previous reports, there is a ri sk that, in the absence of clearer multilateral 
disciplines, governments may be tempted to use expor t restrictions to alter to their advantage the 
relative price of their exports or  to expand production by domestic  industries.  More self-imposed 
discipline on the use of export restrictions and clo ser multilateral cooperation is needed to mitigate the 
impact of these measures on importing countries. 
3. Trade remedy measures 
55. As noted in previous trade monitoring reports, in itiations of trade remedy investigations have 
been declining since the 2008 financial crisis.  Data  on the most recent period suggest that this trend 
may be coming to an end.  An analysis of tr ade remedy initiations in January-September 2011 in 
comparison with January-September 2010 is provided below. 
                                                      
11 In principle, LDCs do not face any tariff escala tion once they are granted "duty-free and quota-free" 
access to the markets of developed countries, provided they  comply with associated pr eferential rules of origin. 
12 Section II.E in document WT/TPR/OV/W/5 of 9 June 2011. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 24  
 
  56. In addition to initiations, the ratio of initiations  that ultimately lead to definitive measures
13 in 
trade remedy investigations initiated by WTO Me mbers in 2007, 2008 and 2009 is analysed.  The 
results show that not only have WTO Members init iated fewer trade remedy investigations since the 
outbreak of the global financial and economic crisis, but  the proportion of their initiations that lead to 
definitive measures h as also declined. 
57. WTO Members initiated 119 anti-dumping inve stigations in January-September 2011 
compared with 121 in the same period in 2010, a decline of only 2% (Table 5).  If this trend 
continues, 2011 will likely end with as many anti-dumping initiations as in 2010.  Australia, 
Indonesia, Mexico, Thailand, Ukraine and the Un ited States increased their initiations in 2011.  
However, frequent users such as Brazil, India and Pakistan have slowed down their activity 
significantly in 2011.  The share of inv estigations initiated by traditional users14 increased from 20% 
to 34% of total initiations.   
Table 5 
Initiations of anti-dumping investigations 
(Number of new investigations)  
Reporting Member January - September 2010 Ja nuary -September 2011 Percentage change  
Argentina 7 7 0 
Australia 7 16 129 
Brazil 18 13 -28 
Canada 2 1 -50 
Chile 1 1 0 
China 4 2 -50 
Colombia 2 2 0 
Dominican Republic 1 0 -100 
Ecuador 2 0 -100 
Egypt 0 1 n.a. 
European Union 13 11 -15 
Honduras 3 0 -100 
India 32 14 -56 
Indonesia 3 6 100 
Israel 5 0 -100 
Jamaica 1 0 -100 
Korea Rep. of 3 0 -100 
Mexico 2 5 150 
Morocco 0 1 n.a. 
New Zealand 0 2 n.a. 
Pakistan 6 3 -50 
Peru 0 1 n.a. 
South Africa 0 3 n.a. 
Table 5 (cont'd) 
                                                      
13 Definitive measures may take the form of duties or undertakings in anti-dumping and countervailing 
duty investigations whereas they usually take the form of increased tariffs, quotas or tariff rate quotas in 
safeguard investigations. 
14 Australia, Canada, European Union, New Zealand, and the United States.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 25 
 
 
  Reporting Member January - September 2010 Ja nuary -September 2011 Percentage change  
Chinese Taipei 1 0 -100 
Thailand 2 13 550 
Turkey 2 1 -50 
Ukraine 2 6 200 
United States 2 10 400 
Total 121 119 -2 
n.a. Not applicable. 
Source : WTO Secretariat.  
58. In terms of the products targeted in anti- dumping investigations initiated, metals and 
chemicals topped the list in both periods under re view (Chart 7).  While the distribution of 
investigations among affected sectors has not shifte d fundamentally, there have been some changes 
that are worth mentioning.  First, the share in total initiations of both chemicals and plastics has 
dropped in January-September 2011 compared with the same period in 2010.   Second, ceramic and 
glass products have replaced plastics as the third mo st frequently targeted pr oducts.  Third, due to 
Australia's recent initiation on "struc tural timber" against eight countries, wood products became the 
fourth most frequent target in January-September 2011. 
Chart 7
Anti-dumping initiations, product coverage
Source: WTO Secretariat estimates.January-September 2010 January-September 2011
Chemicals
26%
Plastics
12%
Ceramics/glass
9%Metals
31%Machinery
6%Others
16%
Metals
34%
Chemicals
20%Plastics
7%Machinery
5%Others
14%
Ceramics/glass
12%Wood
8%
 
59. A study of the ratio of anti-dumping initiations by WTO Members which lead to definitive 
measures shows that the percentage of investigations  that lead to the imposition of definitive measures 
followed a declining pattern be tween 2007 and 2009 (Table 6). WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 26  
 
  Table 6 
Anti-dumping measures/initiations ratio  
 2007 2008 2009 
AD Initiations 160 212 209 
Measures 116 149 135 
Measures/Initiations Ratio 73% 70% 65% 
 
60. Initiations of countervailing duty investigations increased significantly in January-September 
2011 compared with the same period in 2010, altho ugh the numbers remain low compared with anti-
dumping.  WTO Members initiated 15 countervailing dut y investigations in January - September 2011 
compared with eight in January - September 2010 (Table 7). 
Table 7 
Initiations of counterva iling duty investigations 
(Number of new investigations)  
Reporting Member January - September 2010 January -September 2011 Percentage change 
Australia 1 1 0 
Brazil 0 3 n.a. 
Canada 1 1 0 
China 1 0 -100 
European Union 3 3 0 
Mexico 0 3 n.a. 
United States 2 4 100 
Total 8 15 87.5 
n.a. Not applicable. 
Source : WTO Secretariat.  
61. Similar to anti-dumping, the ratio of counterva il initiations by WTO Members leading to final 
measures has declined since 2007;  82% of initiations  in 2007 led to final measures, compared with 
69% and 71% in 2008 and 2009, respectively (Table 8). 
Table 8 
Countervailing measures/initiations ratio  
 2007 2008 2009 
CVD Initiations 11 16 28 
Measures 9 11 20 
Measures/Initiations Ratio 82% 69% 71% 
 
62. The last trade monitoring report showed a decline of 46% in the number of safeguards 
initiations during the period October 2009 - April 2010 to October 2010 - April 2011.  Table 9 shows 
that this downward trend continues.  No WTO Member increased its safeguards initiations from 
January-September 2010 to January-September 2011  apart from Israel, Malaysia and Turkey. 
63. Table 10 shows the ratio of safeguards initiations by WTO Members leading to final 
measures.  This ratio, which was 63% in 2007, has c onsistently declined and reached 60% and 44% in 
2008 and 2009, respectively.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 27 
 
 
  Table 9 
Initiations of safeguards investigations  
(Number of new investigations) 
 January - September 2010 January -September 2011 Percentage change 
Dominican Republic 2 0 -100 
Ecuador 1 0 -100 
European Union 1 0 -100 
India 1 1 0 
Indonesia 7 3 -57 
Israel 0 1 n.a. 
Jordan 1 0 -100 
Kyrgyz Rep. 1 0 -100 
Malaysia 0 1 n.a. 
Mexico 1 0 -100 
Morocco 1 0 -100 
Thailand 1 0 -100 
Turkey 0 1 n.a. 
Ukraine 3 2 -33 
Total 20 9 -55 
n.a. Not applicable. 
Source : WTO Secretariat. 
Table 10 
Safeguards measures/initiations ratio  
 2007 2008 2009 
SG initiations 8 10 25 
Measures  5 6 11 
Measures/Initiations Ratio 63% 60% 44% 
 
4. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) 
64. In the period from mid-October 2010 to mid- October 2011, there were 1,040 notifications 
from all WTO Members, 667 of which were from developing-country Members (amounting to 64% 
of notifications from all Members).  The corresponding figure for the same period in 2009-2010 was 
1,078 for notifications from all Members, of which 781 (72%) were from developing-country 
Members (Chart 8).   
65. From mid-October 2010 to mid-October 2011,  WTO Members submitted 927 regular SPS 
notifications15, down from 999 in the previous twelve  months.  Developing-country Members 
accounted for 61% of total regular notifications. 
66. During the reporting period, 113 emergency notifi cations were submitted, up from 79 in the 
previous twelve months.  Developing-country Me mbers account for 88% of the total.  The high 
proportion of emergency measures not ified by developing countries might stem from the fact that 
some of these countries do not have an extensiv e SPS regulatory system and, consequently, when 
facing emergency challenges they have to introd uce new measures or change existing regulations 
(Chart 9). 
                                                      
15 The SPS Agreement provides several mechanisms to m onitor the imposition of trad e restrictions.  All WTO 
Members are obliged to provide in advance notifications of proposed new SPS requirements, except for measures taken in 
response to emergency situations for wh ich notification is to be provided imme diately upon taking the measure.  Other 
Members have the opportunity to comment on these notified m easures, both directly to the notifying Member and/or by 
raising the issue at a regular meeting of the SPS Committee. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 28  
 
  999
716927
56879
65113
99
02004006008001,0001,200
All Members
(10/2009-10/2010)Developing countries
Members
(10/2009-10/2010)All Members
(10/2010-10/2011)Developing countries
Members
(10/2010-10/2011)Chart 8
Number of SPS notifications
Source: WTO Secretariat estimates.Regular notifications Emergency notifications
 
11
1122
113514
12
16
11112
14430
8
051015202530
Albania
Argentina
Australia
Bahrain, Kingdom of
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Canada
Chile
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
European Union
India
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
New Zealand
Oman
Peru
Philippines
Switzerland
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
Ukraine
United StatesChart 9
Emergency SPS notifications, mid-October 2010 - mid-October 2011
Number of notifications
Source: WTO Secretariat.
  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 29 
 
 
   
67. Many Members follow the recommendation to notify SPS measures even when these are 
based on a relevant international standard, thus increasing transparency regarding SPS measures.  Of 
the 927 regular notifications submitted from mid-Oc tober 2010 to mid-Octobe r 2011, 415 indicated 
that an international standard, guideline or recomme ndation was applicable to the notified measure.   
68. International standards often provide useful  guidance regarding measures to address disease 
outbreaks and other emergency situations.  Indeed, 99 (88%) of the 113 emergency notifications made 
by all Members from mid-October 2010 to mid-Octobe r 2011 indicated that an international standard, 
guideline or recommendation was applicable to th e notified measure.  Sixty-nine emergency 
notifications indicated that the notified measure was in conformity with an existing standard.  Only 
14 notified emergency measures stated that there were no relevant intern ational standards.  
69. Members are asked to identify the purpose of the notified measure, although many measures 
have more than one objective.  During the review  period, regular notifications concerned mainly 
measures imposed for food safety and for the prot ection of humans from animal diseases or plant 
pests, animal health, plant protection and to th e protection of the Members' territory from other 
damage from pests.  
70. Most of the emergency measures notified by Members during this period concerned measures 
to protect animal health, the protection of humans from animal diseases or plant pests, food safety, 
and plant protection.  The Fukushima nuclear power plant crisis of 11 March 2011 triggered most of 
the emergency-related notifications for human he alth protection for the above-mentioned period, 
reflecting the concerns of Members with the dange rs of irradiated foods.  These notifications 
concerned temporary restrictions that in most cas es were limited to products originating only from 
contaminated areas in Japan (generally from five prefectures).  
71. Any Member can raise a specific trade concern (S TC) at any of the three regular meetings of 
the SPS Committee each year.  In the three Committee meetings of March, June and October 2011, 16 new trade concerns were raised.  Ten of these relate d to food safety, three to animal health, two to 
plant health, and one to other concerns.
16   
72. During 2011 (up until October), food safety was more prevalent in STCs than during the 
previous years, whereas the share of new animal he alth-related STCs dropped (Cha rt 10).  This is in 
contrast not only to the previous four years, but also to all STCs raised from 1995 to end-2010, of which animal health accounted for 41%, food saf ety for 28%, plant health for 25%, and other 
concerns for 6%.
17 
73. The United States, the European Union, and China are the three Members whose measures 
have prompted most new trade concerns:  the eigh t STCs raised on the basis of these three Members' 
measures accounted for 50% of all ne w STCs raised during 2011 (Chart 11). 
                                                      
16 The ten new food safety-related STCs were raised regarding: import restrictions due to dioxin 
contamination in Germany, Viet Nam's ban on offals, Ch inese quarantine and testing procedures for salmon, the 
Philippines' restrictions on imported fresh meat, Japan' s MRLs applied to sesame, EU regulation on polyamide 
and melamine plastic kitchenware, China's requirement for registration of foreign enterprises, EU regulations on 
cadmium in cocoa beans, an EU Court of Justice ruling regarding pollen derived from GMOs, and US MRLs on 
Basmati Rice.  The three new animal health STCs were raised regarding: Ukraine's import restrictions on poultry and poultry products, Mexico's BSE-related measures, and the US failure to recognize South Patagonia 
as FMD-free.  The two plant health related STCs were raised regarding: US import restrictions on 
chrysanthemums, and Thailand's restrictions on table grap es, apples and pears.  The "other concern" was with 
regard to Malaysia's import restrictions on pork and pork products. 
17 WTO document G/SPS/ GEN/204/Rev.11, 25 February 2011. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 30  
 
  6 6
47108
4
49 31
3
13
21
3
43
1
0510152025
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Chart 10
SPS specific trade concerns by subject
Source: WTO Secretariat estimates.Food safety Animal health Plant health Other concerns
 
0123
Germany
Viet Nam
Ukraine
United States
Mexico
China
Philippines
Japan
European Union
Malaysia
ThailandChart 11
New STCs raised during 2011 by Member maintaining the measure
Number of notifications
Source: WTO Secretariat.
  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 31 
 
 
  5. Technical barriers to trade (TBT) 
74. Two aspects of the TBT Committee's work are rele vant to the surveillance and monitoring of 
regulatory measures that have an effect on intern ational trade: Members' notifications of draft 
regulations, and the discussion of actual or potential trade impacts of TBT measures.  
75. Under the transparency provisions of the TBT Agreement, Members are required to notify the 
WTO draft technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures when they may have a 
significant effect on trade of other Members, or wh en they differ from an international standard.  
Nearly 13,900 draft measures have been notified by 113 WTO Members since the TBT Agreement entered into force.  During the period October 201 0 to October 2011 the number of notifications 
(1,149) was lower than those submitted during the previous twelve-month period (1,520).  
76. The largest decline in notifications, in absolu te terms, came from developing countries and 
economies in transition.  Their notifications fell from 1,233 during the earlier period to 901 during the 
later period.  Notifications from developed countries also fell from 287 to 247.   Notifications from 
LDCs seem to have dramatically decreased from the earlier period to the later one (142 versus 
23 notifications).  However, a detailed analysis of the notifications reveals that, in fact, all but 6 of the 
notifications made during the earlier period cam e from one Member, Uganda.  Such spikes in 
notifications could be expected in the future as LDCs begin to more effectively implement the 
Agreement.   
77. The recent trends must be read in light of developments over the past ten years.  While 
notifications from developed-country Members re mained stable from 2000 to 2010, those from 
developing-country Members increased dramatical ly over the same period.  Notifications from 
developing-country Members accounted for approxima tely 80% of total notifications made between 
2009 and the beginning of October 2011, whereas they  accounted for only 40% of total notifications 
in 2000 (Chart 12). 
78. Members also use the TBT Committee as a foru m for the multilateral review of technical 
regulations, standards and conformity assessment pr ocedures that affect trade in goods.  If a Member 
is concerned about the trade impact of a TBT me asure maintained by another Member, the Member 
may raise the measure for discussion in the Committe e as an STC.  Normally, these concerns refer to 
proposed draft measures (notified to the TBT Committee as described above), or to the implementation of existing regulations.  Member s have underlined the value of the Committee's 
discussions on STCs;  these discussions provide an op portunity for a multilateral review that enhances 
the transparency and predictabilit y of standards, technical regul ations and conformity assessment 
procedures, and can thus serve to prevent trade conflicts.  
 WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 32  
 
  
0200400600800100012001400Chart 12
TBT notifications since 2000
Developed countries Developing countries
Source:Number of notifications
WTO Secretariat estimates. 
79. In total, Members have raised 317 STCs in the Co mmittee since it entered into force, with the 
bulk of new STCs raised in the last five years (Chart 13).  The number of STCs raised and discussed 
in the TBT Committee has grown over the last four y ears, and this trend shows no sign of abating in 
2011.   The main sectors subject to discussion are f ood products and alcoholic beverages, and, to a 
lesser extent, automobile tyres, hazardous substan ces and chemicals.  During the period 1995 through 
1999, the average number of new STCs raised was eight;  during the period 2000 through 2006, the 
average number raised was 16; while during the period 2007 through 2010 the average number of new 
STCs raised in the Committee rose to 34.  2011 is e xpected to follow this trend with 31 STCs raised 
from January through September al one.  The possible reasons behind this increase are multiple.  To a 
certain extent, it may reflect an increase in participation of Members – particularly developing-country Members – in the work of the TBT Committe e and associated awareness of the importance of 
implementing the provisions of the TBT Agreement.  It could also indicate that Members are 
increasingly taking regulatory measures affecting trade in goods as a means of meeting policy objectives.  The fact that very few of the 317 STCs discussed to date end up in dispute settlement 
proceedings suggests that the TBT Committee is effe ctively contributing to the multilateral review of 
non-tariff measures maintained by Members.
18   
                                                      
18 For example, at the June 2011 meeting of the TBT Committee a number of issues were discussed, 
including a tobacco-related measure no tified by Australia on 8 April 2011,  and the trade im pact from France’s 
Grenelle 2 Law which includes provisions on product  carbon footprint labelling and environmental lifecycle 
analysis.   WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 33 
 
 
  4712 12 13 12 1219262832 31
131520
15 141224273246
29 31
01020304050607080
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (Oct)Chart 13
Number of specific TBT trade concerns raised since 2000
Source: WTO Secretariat estimates.New concerns Previous concerns172232
27 27
2436465874
6162
 
80. Increasingly, Members are looking to improve cooperation in the regulatory process. In the 
Committee context, Members refer to cooperation between and among Members as "regulatory cooperation".  Such cooperation is, essentially, a process by which regulators from different 
governments exchange information on rules and prin ciples regulating markets.  Effective cooperation 
should function as a means of reducing the number of trade concerns that arise in the TBT Committee 
and that could potentially lead to formal dispute settlement proceedings.
19   
81. Nevertheless, some trade concerns cannot be  assuaged through discussion in the Committee 
and consultations are requested through the WT O Dispute Settlement procedures.  Since 1995, 
41 cases have cited the TBT Agreement in formal di spute-settlement consulta tions.  In 2011, four 
cases relevant to the TBT Agreement were active unde r the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding;    
two have concluded this year.   
6. Measures affecting trade in services 
82. In the area of trade in services, Members are maintaining the general thrust of their services 
trade policies and levels of market openness.  In the period under consideration, a few countries have 
reduced – without eliminating – the restrictive effect  of specific sectoral service policies, and removed 
work permit requirements for certain categories of wo rkers.  But for most Members, the restrictive 
measures introduced in the last couple of years are still in place.  
                                                      
19 The TBT Committee will be holding a workshop on regulatory cooperation between Members on 8-
9 November 2011.  Presentations on the experiences of regulatory co-operation from Brazil, China, Costa Rica, 
the European Union, Mexico, New Zealand, and the Unite d States are on the progra mme.  In addition, the 
efforts in other regional organizations will be presented. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 34  
 
  83. On 20 May 2011, the Argentine Insurance regulator ( Superintendencia de Seguros ) enacted 
Resolution 35794 clarifying the scope of the ne w reinsurance regulatory scheme set forth in 
Resolution 35615 of 21 February 201 1, which was discussed in the pr evious report. Resolution 35,615 
limited reinsurance operations in Argentina to fo reign reinsurers who, by 1 September 2011, were 
willing to establish a local branch in Argentina, unless,  due to the nature of the risk and the lack of 
local capacity, the Superintendencia  granted a discretionary pre-approval exception. Resolution 35794 
sets forth limits on offshore reinsu rance operations, regulates retro cession and reinsurance operations 
between companies belonging to the same financia l group, and lays down capital requirements for 
reinsurers setting up a branch in Argentina. Under Resolution 35794, local reinsurers are allowed to 
retain 10% of their eligible equity and must retain  at least 15% of the reinsurance premium ceded to 
them. The first US$50 million of any individual risk  must be reinsured by locally-based reinsurers. 
The portion of the risk exceeding US$50 million may be offered to local or foreign reinsurers 
registered as such with the Superintendencia .  The Resolution also makes clear that retrocession to a 
local or a foreign insurer is allowed, provided th at foreign retrocessionaires meet the registration 
requirements.  The new regulatory framework also  limits intra-group risk transfers from ceding 
companies holding a local licence to group compani es based abroad at 40% of the annual premium. 
This limit may be exceeded, exceptionally, if the Superintendencia  grants an authorization to a ceding 
company showing that coverage cannot be obtained through local insurers. 
84. The Indonesian authorities introduced implementing regulations to the Law on Shipping 
(17/2008, of 8 April 2009) that limit the right to ca botage to Indonesian vessels only. As of May 2011 
only Indonesian vessels have the right to transpor t passengers and cargo within the country. However, 
a recently enacted regulation (Government Regulati on 22 of 2011) postponed the entry into force of 
the restrictions on foreign-flagged shipping in th e area of oil and gas. The new regulation provides 
that foreign-flagged ships may be used in offshor e drilling until end-December 2015, in oil and gas 
survey until end-December 2014, and in dredgi ng, salvage and offshor e construction until end-
December 2012.  The new regulation also stipulates that a permit allowing a particular foreign vessel 
to operate will be issued only where there has firs t been an (unsuccessful) attempt to charter an 
Indonesian vessel. 
85. A few countries have recently removed work pe rmit requirements for certain categories of 
workers.  Starting in January 2012, the Russian Federation will no longer requi re that nationals of 
Belarus and Kazakhstan obtain work permits to take up employment in the country.  As part of 
Mexico's comprehensive immigrati on reform law, published on 25 Ma y 2011, foreign nationals will 
be allowed to perform activities in the country for up to 180 days without prior employment 
authorization.  In some cases, these reforms ha ve been accompanied by the introduction of more 
stringent reporting and compliance requirements for foreign nationals, with Romania a case in point.  
More rigorous information requirements have also  been instituted by India during the reporting 
period. 
86. The deadline for EU Member St ates to transpose the 2009 "Blue Card" Council Directive into 
national legislation was 19 June 2011.  The Blue  Card will allow qualifying, highly-skilled non-EU 
nationals to reside and work in any EU Member State, except for the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Denmark.  EU Blue Card holders are to receive resi dence and work authorisation for one to four years 
in the issuing Member State and will be permitted to move to a different EU Member State after 
residing legally in the first State for 18 months a nd meeting other conditions.  The application for the 
Card will be accepted or rejected within 90 days of filing.  An application may be rejected, inter alia , 
if a Member State, given the state of its labour market, decides to give priority to EU citizens or long-term residents.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 35 
 
 
  B. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT MEASURES  
87. Fewer government support measures were observe d during the period under monitoring (mid-
October 2010 to mid-October 2011);  78 measures compared with 87 during the preceding 12 months, 
and 126 during the period October 2008 to October 2009.  Nevertheless, some countries continue to 
provide financial support and economic assistance unde r existing programmes.  Out of the 78 reported 
measures, more than 40% concern the extension or renewal of existing programmes.  In a few cases, 
funds are made available to specific sectors that ar e considered strategic, or to domestic industries 
through measures aimed at increasing their export pe rformance.  Factual information on the country-
specific measures implemented during this  period is given in Annex 2.   
88. The declining numbers may indicate that ther e are fewer and fewer new economic stimulus 
plans and programmes put in place three years after the outbreak of the global financial and economic 
crisis.  It would also appear that the scope for add itional fiscal and monetary stimulus is constrained in 
many countries by debt problems and inflation risks.   The lower numbers may also be a reflection of 
the fact that not all delegations volunteered inform ation on relevant measures;  indeed, only three 
delegations (counting the EU and its Member St ates as one) provided information on government 
support measures for the preparation of this Report.  The challenge of monitoring this type of measure 
is compounded by the fact that information on go vernment support measures is not always available 
online, and it is more difficult to report on this sort of action using other non-official sources.  
89. Over the monitoring period, government s upport measures were reported in the following 
areas: provision of export credit and export guarantees; loans and guarantees (mainly for SMEs); temporary direct grants to certain companies in spec ific sectors (such as transport, manufacturing, and 
pharmaceutical); and specific support to farmers. 
C. 
TRADE POLICY REVIEWS IN 2011 
90. TPRs either completed or nearing completion in the Asia-Pacific region in 2011 were, in 
chronological order, those of Japan, Australia, India, Cambodia and Thailand.20  Judging from these 
TPRs, Members in the Asia-Pacific region have , by and large, refrained from adopting overly 
protectionist measures in response to the global cr isis, although reforms do appear to be proceeding 
somewhat more slowly (or even possibly stalling) in some Members, such as Japan and Australia, 
except as regards the negotiation of preferential trade agreements. 
91. At its TPR, Japan was commended for not in troducing any protectionist trade-policy 
measures despite a severe negative impact of the global crisis on its economy, notably the sharp drop in exports and contraction in dom estic demand.  While Japan's current macroeconomic policies have 
helped it to recover from the crisis, they do no t adequately address its long-standing structural 
impediments to growth.  Japan was urged to unde rtake far-reaching structural reforms, with trade 
liberalization as an integral part.  Such reform s would stimulate competition, and thereby improve 
productivity, especially in agriculture and services.   Members encouraged Japan to improve its 
domestic transparency, and urged it to further utili ze cost-benefit analysis and thus be in a better 
position to evaluate existing policies with a vi ew to formulating more effective new ones. 
92. Members urged Japan to continue its liberalizati on of trade and investment.  At the same time, 
they noted Japan's increasing involvement in PTAs a nd urged it to ensure that these arrangements are 
compatible with the multilateral trading system.  Al though Japan's tariff is lo w, it remains somewhat 
complex.  Products of export interest to developi ng countries, notably agri cultural products, textiles 
and clothing, leather products and footwear, continue to encounter significant tariff peaks (which tend 
to be concealed by non- ad valorem  rates), tariff escalation, tariff quotas, and/or state trading.  Other 
                                                      
20 At the time of finalization of this report , the TPR of Thailand had not yet taken place. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 36  
 
  concerns related to the complexity, and thus lack of transparency, of Japan's SPS measures as well as 
technical regulations and standards, and border measures and the relatively high level of overall 
domestic support for agriculture (noting that such su pport amounted to almost as much as the sector's 
contribution to GDP).   
93. At Australia's TPR review, Members acknowle dged the exemplary institutionalization of 
transparency (including the widespre ad use of cost-benefit analysis) w ith regard to its trade and trade-
related policies, as well as transparency's role as a catalyst for unilateral reforms, including trade 
liberalization.  These reforms have greatly incr eased market flexibility and improved Australia's 
economic performance.  Australia was commende d for continuing to be among the most open 
economies in the world and for having successfully  weathered the global fi nancial crisis without 
backsliding on trade liberalization.  Several Me mbers sought information on further structural 
reforms, whose implementation was lagging, thus handicapping Australia's ability to reverse the 
recent slowdown in its productivity growth.   
94. Australia's efforts to promot e open markets, through multilate ral, regional and bilateral 
initiatives, have provided a catalyst for trade and economic liberalization efforts around the world and 
reinforced WTO's objectives.  However, note was take n of doubts concerning the actual benefits of its 
PTAs.  Australia was encouraged to consider impr ovements in the following areas:  remaining foreign 
investment restrictions in sensitive sectors (on gr ounds of "national interest"); the use of government 
procurement as an instrument of economic policy; possible deficiencies of the anti-dumping and countervailing regime; tariff peaks and simplification of the tariff structure by, inter alia , converting 
non-ad valorem  into ad valorem  rates; the operation of an expor t support scheme and export controls; 
and the level of industry-specific support to the auto motive, textiles, clothing and footwear industries. 
Virtually all Members expressed concern over Australia 's strict SPS requirements, including the lack 
of cost-benefit analysis of these measures; they ur ged Australia to bring these measures more into line 
with international norms, thus rendering them less restrictive as regards imports. 
95. India was congratulated for the solid economic performance achieved during the period under 
review, which had allowed its GDP to grow at an impr essive rate.  India continues to reap the benefits 
of the trade liberalization process and of the structural reforms begun in the 1990s.  Members also praised India for having used trade policy to prom ote sustainable growth, and for having acted to 
ensure that the different levels of society would benefit from it.  Similarly, there was a positive assessment of the legal and institutional reforms in troduced by India to support trade and investment. 
96. India was encouraged to consider introducing further improvements in the following areas:  
make its tariff regime simpler and more transparent, and to narrow the gap between the bound and 
applied rates.  They also urged India to simplify its tax system, for example by eliminating certain additional levies and by introduci ng a tax on goods and services at the national level;  simplification 
of its import licensing system; use contingency meas ures more rationally in order to avoid harming 
trade;  eliminate SPS and TBT measures that impede  trade and to introduce a notification mechanism 
so that trading partners could be kept informed  of the measures in force; enhance the openness and 
transparency of its Government Procurement syst em; evaluate the impact of a series of incentive 
schemes to attract investment, promote exports, a nd protect agriculture and other less advantaged 
sectors, such as micro- and small enterprises; furt her open the agricultural sector by reducing tariffs, 
and by eliminating superfluous SPS measures and expo rt restrictions on raw materials; and remaining 
investment barriers, such as permits and requirements, which reduced transparency. 
97. During its first TPR, Cambodia was commende d by Members for the solid economic 
performance achieved since its accessi on to the WTO.  As a conseque nce, the poverty rate had fallen 
from 35% to 26% of the population and per capita income had more than doubled.  Members 
congratulated Cambodia for having successfully em erged from the global economic crisis, without 
adopting trade protectionist measures.  They acknowledged the relative openness of Cambodia's  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 37 
 
 
  economy, noting exports’ large contribution to employment growth.  However, they urged Cambodia 
to diversify its exports in order to limit expos ure to external shocks.  Among Cambodia’s major 
achievements as regards trade liberalization have been tariff and closely-related internal tax reforms.  
These reforms have enabled Cambodia to markedly reduce its considerable dependence on tariffs (and 
to a much lesser extent export taxes) for tax reve nue and replace lost tariff revenues with alternative 
less distorting taxes, notably excises.  At the same  time, it has simplified its tariff structure, bound 
100% of tariff lines, and sought to ensure that its applied rates remain below bound rates.  Members 
appreciated Cambodia's continued commitment to  fully implement the agreements on Customs 
Valuation, TBT, SPS and TRIPs as well as th e steps taken to promote good governance through 
judicial and legal reforms aimed at creating a more transparent and predictable business environment 
in order to facilitate domestic and foreign inv estment.  At the same time, Members noted that 
significant work is still necessary to improve th e business environment and address infrastructure 
bottlenecks. 
98. Four Members in the Americas were review ed in 2011 (Jamaica, Paraguay, Canada and 
Ecuador).21  During its review, Jamaica was commended for its active participation in the WTO and 
its strong commitment to a successful conclusion of the Doha Round negotiations.  Members noted 
that, despite a series of external shocks and the burden of a large public debt, Jamaica had persevered 
with the reform of its economy.  However, as a small island economy Jamaica had not been able to improve its economic, including export, perform ance during the review period.  Jamaica was 
therefore encouraged to continue efforts to redu ce trade costs, expand its limited export base, improve 
infrastructure and energy supply, as well as enha nce the competitiveness of its goods and services 
trade.  
99. While highlighting the overall openness of the Jamaican economy, Members raised concerns 
with respect to whether excessive import taxation might be constraining Jamaica's competitiveness.  
Members also expressed concerns about the use of non-tariff charges such as customs fees and 
additional stamp duties on certain agricultural pro ducts.  Other areas of interest were:  customs 
procedures, challenges in meeting international quality standards, divestment of state-owned 
enterprises, SPS requirements for imports of cert ain agricultural products, and IPR legislation and 
enforcement, in particular in the area of patent s.  Members appreciated that Jamaica expects to 
eliminate its remaining export subsidies by  2015 in line with WTO requirements.  
100. During Paraguay's review, Members commended Paraguay for having successfully emerged 
from the global economic crisis through appropriate implementation of fiscal and monetary policies, 
while refraining from adopting trade protectionist measu res.  Members also noted the central role of 
trade in Paraguay's development strategy, but expressed concerns about reliance on a few export 
markets and products, hence urging Paraguay to step  up efforts to diversify its export basket and 
markets in order to minimize e xposure to external shocks.  Members commended Paraguay for its 
relatively low average MFN tariff and its overall scant use of non-tariff measures, although some 
concerns were raised with respect to the use of import fees and registration and licensing 
requirements.   
101. While there was a positive assessment of the le gal and institutional reforms undertaken by 
Paraguay to support trade and investment, it was noted  that there was room for improvement in areas 
such as intellectual property rights protection, g overnment procurement, competition policy, and 
market access in services.  Recommendations we re also made to reduce the gap between bound and 
applied rates.  With respect to measures to facilitate  trade, Paraguay was urged to consider eliminating 
consular fees and the requirement to use customs brokers, and was encouraged  to relax registration 
and licensing requirements. 
                                                      
21 At the time of finalization of this report, the Trade Policy Review of Ecuador had not yet taken place. WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  102. In the course of Canada's review, Memb ers congratulated Canada on its economic 
performance, welcomed the sustained reduction in the use of trade remedies, and praised its unilateral 
trade liberalization initiative in the manufacturing sector, as well as its efforts to streamline national regulations.  They recognized that such refo rms would contribute to greater competitiveness of 
Canadian products.  In this context, Members encour aged Canada to continue liberalizing its trade and 
investment regime, at both fe deral and provincial levels. 
103. Members identified a number of other areas in wh ich they felt the Canadian authorities could 
consider improvements.  These included measures:  to address domestic market fragmentation, particularly in areas such as sub-federal state en terprises, financial incentives, and financial and 
professional services;  to simplify the tariff structur e in the agricultural sector through the reduction of 
tariff peaks, the conversion of  non-ad-valorem rates to ad-valorem  duties, the elimination of 
inconsistencies between the bound and th e applied rates,  and eliminate discriminatory internal taxes;  
to reform Canada's supply-management system of  agricultural products with less market-distorting 
alternatives, as well as the management of its MF N and preferential tariff quota schemes;  and to 
enhance the transparency of its SPS and TBT regimes. 
104. In Europe, the TPRB conducted the tenth Review of  the European Union.   At the time of the 
Review, the EU was recovering from a deep recessi on thanks to stimuli packages granted at the 
Community and national levels.  The EU was commended for having resisted protectionist pressures, as well as on its commitment to openness and transparency as provided for by the WTO rules, and on its support of  the multilateral trading system through assistance and preference programmes in favour of developing and least-developed countries, and its  significant contribution to the Doha Round.  
105. Members noted that, in general, the EU mainta ins relatively low tariff rates, but tariff peaks 
remain on, inter alia , motor vehicles, fish and agriculture;  the EU was urged to eliminate these peaks 
and to simplify its tariff structure.  It was recognized that reliance on international SPS and TBT 
norms, and enhanced transparency and closer coope ration with third countries would ensure that the 
EU regulations do not unnecessarily restrict trade.  In agriculture, it was noted that reductions of MFN 
tariffs, of the large level of support and of the large share of market price support in total transfers to 
EU farmers would reinforce the recent reforms of the Common Agricultura l Policy.  The EU's 
initiatives to deepen its internal market for goods and services were welcomed  and it was encouraged 
to further liberalize its services sector. 
106. Four African countries were reviewed in 2011:  Nigeria;  Guinea and Mauritania (jointly);  
and Zimbabwe.  During its Review, Nigeria was prai sed for its constructive role in the Doha Round, 
in particular in preparation for the coming 8th Ministerial Conference, as the current Chair of the 
General Council.  Nigeria was commended on its st ructural and economic, including trade, reform 
efforts, and its steps to diversify its economy toward s the film industry and audio-visual services.  The 
reforms have contributed to the good performance of  the economy over the review period.  Concerns 
were expressed about prohibitions and restrictions  maintained on imports by Nigeria, and about 
discriminations (against foreign s uppliers of goods and services in th e oil and gas sector) included in 
the Nigerian Content Development Act.  It was noti ced that improvement in Nigeria's infrastructure, 
in its legislative process and in the transparency of its laws and regulati ons would provide a more 
conducive economic and investment environment.  Ni geria was urged to improve the predictability of 
its tariff regime by reducing the gap between its bound and applied tariffs and by increasing the scope 
of its tariff binding;  and to fully comply with  the WTO principle of national treatment in the 
imposition of duties and charges. 
107. Guinea and Mauritania were commended on their democratic elections held respectively in 
2009 and 2010, and on their legal and institutional refo rms, following the serious political turmoil that 
had seriously affected their macroeconomic perform ance.  Both countries were encouraged to pursue 
their structural reforms and improve their business environment with a view to attracting the  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 39 
 
 
  investment needed to exploit thei r large potential, diversify their economies and alleviate poverty.  
Implementation of trade facilitation measures, full a nd prompt enforcement of legislation (including 
on government procurement), impr ovement of their institutional framework for protection of 
intellectual property rights, and compliance with notification obligations under the WTO Agreements 
would help.  Guinea and Mauritania were invited to  further simplify their tax systems in order to 
make them more effective and to fully comply with  their binding commitments, their applied tariffs 
exceeding the bound levels on a significant proportion of total lines.  Both countries need to ensure 
that their agricultural policies achieve their food security objective, and their policies on mining and 
fisheries contribute to the sustainable explo itation of their resources and to their economic 
development. 
108. The second Review of Zimbabwe took place sevent een years after its first Review, due to its 
socio-political crisis.  Members stressed the role on Zimbabwe's  profound socio-economic crisis 
played by its fractious socio-political environment,  its 2000 controversial land reform, and its recent 
"indigenization programme".  Zimbabwe was praised for its economic and structural reform efforts 
since 2009;  the reforms have started showing encour aging signs of macroeconomic stabilization.  The 
Review concluded that Zimbabwe needs to improve  its business environment, further liberalize its 
trade regime, enhance its multilateral commitments a nd ensure full compliance of its applied regimes 
with the commitments.  Indeed, Zimbabwe's bindi ng commitments are limited in scope, and on 
61 lines, applied rates exceed the bound levels, sometimes by as much as 60 percentage points.  
Concerns were raised about the prohibitions, rest rictions and licensing requirements maintained by 
Zimbabwe, as well as about its TBT and SPS regimes.     
D. REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS  
109. Regional Trade Agreement activity continues to  be strong among the WTO Membership.  As 
of end-October 2011, 390 RTAs had been notified to the WTO, of which 211 are in force.  Of the 
Agreements in force on this date, 88 cover goods and services, while  122 cover only goods.22  Since 
October 2010, 23 RTA notifications  (counting goods and services notifications separately) were made 
by WTO Members.  The majority of these are between WTO Members, with one notification 
concerning an agreement between a WTO Member and a non-Member.  In addition, ten "early 
announcements" referring to agreements under negotiati on or signed but not yet in force, were also 
made during this period;  of these five were of  agreements that had be en signed and five of 
agreements under negotiation.  The Secretariat estima tes that there are around 100 agreements in force 
which have not yet been notified to the WTO.23  
110. There has been a steady increase in the number of  RTAs that have entered into force and been 
notified to the WTO over the last decade.  Chart 14 shows that, on average, 13 RTAs have entered 
into force annually since 2000. 
111. RTA activity continues to be particularly strong in Asia.  The majority of RTA notifications, 
13 during this period, involved one or more partne rs in the Asian region with both the Republic of 
Korea and India making four notifications each (Kor ea with the EU and Peru on goods and services, 
and India with Japan and Malaysia also on goods  and services).  Asia, Europe, and Latin America 
appear to be relatively more active than other regi ons in respect of agreements that have recently 
entered into force.  The United States has recen tly ratified three agreements with Colombia, the 
Republic of Korea, and Panama, which should en ter into force by the beginning of 2012.  
                                                      
22 One agreement covers only services. 
23 The Secretariat, through its fact ual presentations and in consultation with the relevant Members has 
confirmed and circulated a list of ov er 70 of these agreements (availabl e in WTO document WT/REG/W/62);  it 
is envisaged that this list will be updated periodically.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 40  
 
  112. In addition to agreements that  have entered into force and early announcements by Members, 
the Secretariat estimates that there are around 100 agreements that are being negotiated.  Among 
these, the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement between nine Members, and the EU-Economic 
Partnership Agreements and the tripartite agreemen t on the African Continent involve a significant 
number of WTO Members.  
113. The Transparency Mechanism for RTAs (TM), which has been operating provisionally since 
14 December 2006, continues to provide information and analysis of agreements that have been 
notified to the WTO.  During the period October 2010 to October 2011, 14 factual presentations of 
RTAs were distributed by the WTO Secretariat.  While good progress continues to be made in expanding the understanding of regional trade agreemen ts, there remain serious gaps, notably in the 
number of RTAs that have not been notified to th e Secretariat and continue to be implemented by 
their parties;  as well as slippages in the preparation of factual presentations by the Secretariat due to lack of data provision by Members, as well as comments on draft factual presentations.  This, and the difficulty of obtaining data from non-WTO Members, makes the task particularly daunting and does not help in enhancing the understanding of RTAs .  There remains a "backlog" of 100 Factual 
Presentations of agreements notified to the CRTA and the CTD that must be prepared by the 
Secretariat.
24  
020406080100120140160
024681012141618
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Number per year
Cumulative numberChart 14
Number of physical RTAs that entered into force since 2000
Source: WTO Secretariat. 
114. Modern RTAs are increasingly agreements that  include goods, services, investment and other 
provisions such as intellectual property rights, trade facilitation, government procurement and 
                                                      
24 The backlog includes 22 agreem ents for which the Secretariat has put preparation of factual 
presentations on hold,  four of thes e concern agreements for which there ar e no services commitments as yet and 
the remainder are agreements that are not yet in force for all the parties to the agreements;  preparation of the 
factual presentations for these agreements will commence, respectively, once the parties negotiate and notify 
their services commitments and when the agreement enters into force for all the parties.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 41 
 
 
  competition, suggesting that they are becoming deeper and tackling measures that would normally be 
considered as being "behind the border".25  For example, of the Agreements for which factual 
presentations were distributed between October 2010 and October 2011, ju st three covered only 
goods.  In addition to services and investment issu es, the agreements also contain provisions on 
intellectual property rights (with commitments rang ing widely from an affirmation of intellectual 
property protection granted by the parties to each other to separate chapters on intellectual property 
rights detailing additional protection, as compar ed with the WTO and enforcement), and on 
government procurement (with commitments ranging from a declaration to implement procurement 
policies in a non-discriminatory manner to chapte rs detailing entities and pr ocurement thresholds 
covered by the Agreement).  In a few cases, th ere are also provisions on competition policy, the 
environment and labour.  Reviewing these provisions in a cross-cutting way to detect and analyse 
similarities and differences across all RTAs would be a valuable complement to the work of Members 
in considering RTAs one by one th rough the Transparency Mechanism. 
115. In most cases, RTAs tend to go beyond  WTO commitments although the degree of 
liberalization in goods and services, and sometimes between sub-sectors, varies considerably.  In 
goods, while several agreements tend to eliminate most  tariffs, either immediately or at the end of a 
transition period, the transition period in several cases remains over 10 years.  For example, of the factual presentations distributed by the Secretar iat between October 2010 a nd October 2011, half of 
the parties implemented their tariff liberalization commitments within 10 years of the agreement 
entering into force (with around 17% implementing immediately).  For the remaining half of the parties, implementation is to take place within periods ranging from 11 to 18 years.  Even once 
implementation is complete, in several cases a num ber of tariff lines remain subject to duties.  
Chart 15, which is also based on factual presen tations distributed betw een October 2010 and 
October 2011, confirms the observation made in the previous two Annual Reports that for some RTA 
parties there remains a significant gap in the degree of liberalization of agricultural and non-
agricultural products by the time th e agreement is fully implemented. 
116. Moreover, for those products that remain s ubject to duties after the agreement is fully 
implemented, often there is little difference betwee n the preferential duty envisaged at the end of 
implementation of the agreement and the corresponding MF N rates.  In addition, such tariffs are often 
found in the same sectors or sub-sectors, suggesting th at the elimination of tariffs in certain sensitive 
sectors is just as difficult at the bilateral and regional level as it is multilaterally.  The factual 
presentations distributed between October 2010 a nd October 2011 show that the products most 
frequently excluded from liberalization are agricultu ral products, such as prepared foods, vegetables 
and live animals, chemicals, and textiles and clothing (Chart 16).  Textiles and clothing is also one of 
the sectors most frequently subject to specific rul es of origin which may make market access more 
complicated for the exporter.  Tariff rate quot as are used, especially in sensitive sectors where 
additional market access is provided but within the li mits of the tariff rate quota.  Eight out of the 
14 agreements for which factual presentations were  distributed between October 2010 and October 
2011 contain tariff rate quotas.  Tariff rate quot as were most frequent for agricultural products 
including animal products, fruit and vegetables, fish , dairy products, prepared foods, and sugar.  
 
                                                      
25 See for instance WTO (2011), World Trade Report 2011:  The WTO and preferential trade 
agreements, from co-existence to coherence. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 42  
 
  0102030405060708090100% tariffs eliminated
Individual RTA partner
Agricultural products Non-Agricultural products
WTO definition.
WTO RTA database.Chart 15
RTA Sectoral liberalization, by share of tariff lines  (agriculture and non-agriculture) October 2010 to October 2011
a
a              
Source:  
 
 
Prepared foods
26.4
Source : WTO RTA database.Live animals 15.0Chemicals
9.2Textiles
8.0
Animal or vegetable fats 
and oils 3.5
Raw hides 3.5
Base metals 2.5
Machinery 1.7
Others 9.2
Vegetables
20.9Minerals 1.5
Plastics 1.2Vehicles 1.5
Articles of wood 1.2
Pulp of wood 1.0
Footwear 1.0
Articles of stone 0.7
Miscellaneous 0.5
Optical 0.2Ammunition 0.2Chart 16
Products remaining subject to duty under RTAs, by HS SectionOctober 2010-October 2011
 
  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 43 
 
 
  117. In some cases, especially in th e agriculture sector, preferential (and MFN) tariffs remain high.  
Chart 17 shows that of the factual presentations  circulated between October 2010 and October 2011, 
average preferential tariffs at the end of implemen tation for each party were particularly high in HS 
Sections I-IV.26  There also remain  sensitivities about eliminating tariffs on a preferential basis in 
other Sections such as VI (chemica ls and allied industries), VIII (raw hides and skins, leather, furskins 
and articles thereof), and XI (textiles and textile ar ticles), suggesting that liberalization of tariffs 
especially in some sectors remains particularly difficult for Members even on a preferential basis. 
118. Services commitments in RTAs are either based  on a GATS type "positive" list where all 
commitments to liberalize are listed, or a "negative"  list where everything, except as listed, is assumed 
to be liberalized.  Most RTAs liberalize services furt her than the parties' GATS commitments;  this is 
also the case of the RTAs for which factual pr esentations were distributed between October 2010 and 
October 2011.  Services commitments in RTAs either  tend to increase the breadth of commitments by 
increasing the number of sub-sectors in which commitments are made or increase the depth of commitments by further liberalizing sub-sectors for which GATS commitments already exist or a combination of the two.  Further commitments are usually also made on the temporary movement of 
personnel either by extending the categories of pe rsonnel eligible for temporary entry and/or by 
extending the period of temporary entry allowed for eligible personnel under the Agreement.  
0102030405060708090100Average Preferential duties (%)
HS Section
Source: WTO RTA database.Chart 17 
Average preferential duties of products  remaining dutiable, by HS Section
October 2010-October 2011
I          II          III        IV         V         VI        VII      VIII       IX       X           XI        XII      XI II      XIV      XV      XVI     XVII   XVIII    XIX     XX     XXI
 
                                                      
26 HS Section I: Live animals and animal products;  HS Section II:  vegetable products;  HS Section III:  
animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products, prepared edible fats, animal or vegetable waxes;  HS Section IV:  prepared foodstuffs, beverages, vege tables and vinegar, tobacco and manufactured tobacco 
substitutes. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 44  
 
  119. Of the 11 factual presentations distributed  between October 2010 and October 2011 which 
included commitments in services, two followed a ne gative list approach, five a positive list approach 
and four were neither.
27  The Agreements all added to the co mmitments made by the parties under the 
GATS but with a wide variation, with some par ties making broader and deeper commitments, while 
others made minor improvements over their GATS commitments.  The broad sectors in which 
commitments were most frequently made or improved are tourism, transport and business services, 
and to a lesser extent financial services. While RTAs and the GATS schedules reflect commitments made by WTO Members, it should be pointed out, that the applied regime in many cases could be 
much more liberal and, in contr ast to the case of goods where we can compare the applied MFN rate 
with that of preferential commitments, an equivalent comparison is not possible for services.  
120. In addition to commitments to liberalize, re gulatory provisions on services also provide for 
commitments on domestic regulations on authorizing and licensing suppliers of services and recognition of the qualifications, standards and li censing requirements for services suppliers.  For the 
agreements considered during this period, the parties generally commit to ensuring that their measures 
on domestic regulations are based on objective and tr ansparent criteria, not more burdensome than 
necessary to ensure the quality of  the service, and do not constitute a disguised restriction on the 
supply of the services.   With regard to recognitio n, the agreements usually provide for parties to 
recognize each other's educational degrees or qualif ications.  In case one of the parties accords 
recognition to qualifications or licen ces granted by a non-party, genera lly the agreements require that 
party to give the other adequate opportunity to  negotiate the same recognition, although such 
recognition is not required under the Agreement.  Thus they tend not to provide additional 
commitments to those already made and bound at the multilateral level. 
E. 
GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT  
121. Government procurement accounts for a large propo rtion of economic activity (in the order of 
15-20% of GDP).  The current international envi ronment poses three inter-related challenges for all 
governments in relation to this sector:  (i) maintain ing and, where possible, enhancing the openness of 
procurement markets; (ii) ensuring good govern ance and deterring corruption in procurement 
activities; and (iii) promoting the efficient and effective management of public resources.  For 
governments ready to take this step, partic ipation in the WTO Agreement on Government 
Procurement (GPA) can help in meeting all three challenges.  
122. Participation in the GPA provides legal guara ntees of access to the Parties' covered 
government procurement markets by the goods, services and suppliers of all Parties.  The usefulness 
of these guarantees was seen early in the recent eco nomic crisis, when elements preserving the rights 
of GPA Parties' suppliers were included in the "Buy American" provisions of the United States' 
stimulus legislation (the American R ecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009).28  Concerning 
governance and the management of public resources,  the adoption of a transparent and competitive 
procurement system can yield significant savings for governments, in the range of 20-25% of total 
procurement costs, and in some cases even more.29  Governments may attempt to implement such a 
system unilaterally, but GPA participation can act as a catalyst for, and a complement to, the necessary internal reforms.  
                                                      
27 The four agreements involve cl oser integration between the European Union and four Western 
Balkan countries;  the aim of these agreements is greater harmonization of laws between the parties and they 
therefore have a different structure. 
28 See World Trade Organization, Overview of Developments in the International Trading 
Environment , 18 November 2009, p. 42. 
29 See Robert D. Anderson, Philippe Pelletier, Kodjo Osei-Lah and Anna Caroline Müller, Assessing 
the Value of Future Accessions to the WTO Agreement on Government Pr ocurement (GPA):  Some New Data 
Sources, Provisional Estimates, and An Evaluative Framework for Individual WTO Members Considering 
Accession  (WTO Staff Working Paper ERSD-2011-15, 6 October 2011), and references cited therein.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 45 
 
 
  123. Reflecting the foregoing considerations, in 2011  a major effort has been made in the WTO 
Committee on Government Procurement to conclude the on-going renegotiation and modernization of 
the GPA, which has been under way for more than a d ecade.  As of the time of this report, prospects 
are believed to be good for reaching an overall agre ement among the Parties relating to the coverage 
of the Agreement (i.e. the market access commitmen ts of individual Parties) and the Future Work 
Programmes of the Committee, to be implem ented following the conclusion of the present 
negotiation.  This, in turn, would make it possible to bring into force the modernized text of the 
Agreement that was provisionally agreed in December 2006 and has since undergone full legal 
rectification.30  The revised text preserves the main principles of the existing GPA but improves upon 
the existing text in a number of significant ways, including through the provision of new flexibilities 
for all Parties where electronic procurement tools ar e used and the introduction of more concrete and 
specific forms of special and differential treatment ("transitional measures") for developing countries 
that join the Agreement.  
124. A key consideration underlying the on-going e fforts to conclude the GPA renegotiation is the 
belief that the coming-into-force of the revised te xt of the Agreement will facilitate and encourage 
accession to it by more WTO Members, including em erging and developing countries in addition to 
developed countries.  This, in turn, could add very  substantially to the value of the market access 
commitments under the Agreement.  Currently, 42 WTO Members are covered by the Agreement.31  
Nine other WTO Members (Albania, China, Georgi a, Jordan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Oman, 
Panama and Ukraine) have applied for accessi on to the Agreement and submitted relevant 
documentation.  In addition, a further four Me mbers (Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of 
Macedonia, Mongolia, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) have provisions in their respective WTO 
Accession Protocols which call for them to seek GPA accession.  Recently, a study conducted by the 
WTO Secretariat found that accession to the Agreement by these and other WTO Members 
considered in the study could add in the range of  US$380-970 billion annually to the total value of the 
market access commitmen ts under the Agreement.32  
125. Armenia's membership in the Agreement b ecame effective on 15 September 2011.  The 
accession of Armenia was recognized as a clear confirmation of the relevance of the Agreement for small transition economies wanting to implem ent a transparent and competitive government 
procurement regime, in the interest of good govern ance and achievement of best value for money for 
citizens in covered procurement activities.  
126. Work on the GPA accession of China is progressi ng.  China applied for accession to the GPA 
on 28 December 2007 and its initial offer was circulat ed to Parties on 7 Janua ry 2008.  Subsequently, 
on 9 July 2010, China submitted a revised and improve d coverage offer.  Important discussions have 
also been held in the Committee on Government  Procurement on relevant aspects of China's 
legislation and regulations.  Overall, the Committe e has consistently expressed its strong appreciation 
for the commitment that China has shown to its GPA accession process, while also calling for 
improvements to China's coverage offer and further a ttention to necessary legislative reforms.  China, 
for its part, has committed itself to provide, before  the end of 2011, a revised coverage offer including 
sub-central entities.  Work on the accession of Jo rdan is also at an  advanced stage.  
                                                      
30 See WTO documents GPA/W/313, 16 December 2010 and GPA/W/313/Corr.1, 13 January 2011.  
Under an arrangement struck by Parties in 2006, the revised text cannot come into force until a mutually 
satisfactory conclusion has also been reached in the parallel negotiations on the coverage of the Agreement. 
31 Armenia; Canada; the European Union (with its 27  member States); Hong Kong, China; Iceland; 
Israel; Japan; Republic of Korea; Liechtenstein; th e Kingdom of the Netherlands with respect to Aruba; 
Norway; Singapore; Switzerland; Chin ese Taipei; and the United States. 
32 Anderson, Pelletier, Osei-Lah and Müller, op. cit. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 46  
 
  127. A further dimension of on-going work in the WTO Committee on Government Procurement 
concerns improvement in the availability of st atistics concerning Parties' operations under the 
Agreement.  In the past two years, a large number of previously-outstanding statistical reports have 
been provided by the Parties.  Work is also unde r way to share ideas and compare approaches to the 
compilation of statistics.  Over time, this work is  expected to provide an improved basis for policy 
formulation.  
128. Overall, the Agreement on Government Procur ement is in the process of becoming a more 
central element of the multilateral trading system , covering a large and very important field of 
economic activity.  The Agreement plays an essential role in limiting the scope for implementation of 
market access restricting measures in  regard to participating WTO Me mbers' economies.  In addition, 
by promoting fair competition in Members' procurem ent markets, it contributes to the realization of 
value for money for governments and their citizens.  However, in order for the Agreement to fulfil its 
role in the WTO system and to bring into it ne w WTO Members - a result that will yield concrete 
benefits for the Parties - conclusion of the present renegotiation and bringing into force of the revised 
GPA text are vital. 
IV. AID FOR TRADE 
129. The joint OECD-WTO report on "Aid-for-Trade at a Glance 2011:  Showing Results" 
presented at the Third Global Review of Aid for Trade held on 18 and 19 July 2011
33, confirmed that 
Aid for Trade is achieving results and remains a pr iority for developing countries and donors.  The 
joint report included an analysis of aid flows, the self-assessment questionnaires, and Aid-for-Trade 
case stories, as well as Aid-for-Trade country fact sheets for the partner countries that responded to 
the joint OECD/WTO questionnaire.   
130. The Third Global Review of Aid for Trade adva nced the debate on Aid for Trade from one 
based around discussion of priorities and resource mobilization to one which now also includes examination of the effectiveness of Aid or Trade - its impact on the ability of developing countries to trade and associated impacts.  It highlighted concre te positive results achieved with regard to resource 
mobilization, mainstreaming, monitoring and evalua tion, South-South cooperation, implementation at 
the regional level and increasing the role of the private sector.   
131. Aid for Trade commitments reached approxima tely US$40 billion in 2009, a 60% increase in 
real terms over the 2002-2005 baseline period.  Afri ca, for the first time, became the largest regional 
Aid-for-Trade recipient with Aid-for-Trade flows reaching US$16.5 billion.  The share of Aid for 
Trade in sector allocable Official Development As sistance declined from 35.6% in 2008 to 33% in 
2009, underlining the fact that the increase in Aid fo r Trade has been additional and not at the expense 
of aid to other sectors.  Although the rate of growth has slowed, and despite budgetary concerns 
among some key donors, the outlook for total Aid for Tr ade remains stable.  As part of their Multiyear 
Action Plan on Development, G-20 Leaders have comm itted to at least maintain levels of Aid-for-
Trade expenditure that reflect the average of 2006-2008 expenditure. 
132. Members have adopted the new Work Programme on Aid for Trade that provides a 
framework for activities over the period 2012-13.  The Work Programme, which is based on the 
theme of "deepening coherence", focuses on five  main headings:  resource mobilization;  
mainstreaming;  regional dimension;  priv ate sector;  and monitoring and evaluation of 
implementation and development effectiveness. 
                                                      
33 Summary report of the Third Global Review is reproduced in WTO document 
WT/COMTD/AFT/W/28, 17 October 2011.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 47 
 
 
  V. TRADE FINANCING 
133. The recent meeting of the WTO Expert Group on  Trade Finance held on 19 October 2011 
confirmed the end of the recovery phase experienced by global trade finance markets since mid-2009.  Expectations are on the downside both in terms of trade volumes and of the availability of trade 
finance. Constraints specific to the financial sect or include funding in U.S. dollars for non-U.S. 
financial institutions -- a problem that is felt acute ly by the trade and trad e finance communities since 
trade is to a large extent denominated in U.S. dollars, and further pressures on liquidity and capital 
linked to the simultaneous implementation of Basel II and III regulatory requirements. With respect to conditions in different regions, the relatively easy mark et situation in Asia contrasts sharply with the 
deterioration felt in the rest of the world.  Ever ywhere, though, spreads are moving upwards, in Asia 
because inflation and demand for borrowing are on the rise, and in the rest of the world because of 
supply-side constraints.  The situation in Africa does not seem to worsen overall, but local capacity 
problems continue to be felt mostly by smaller tr aders, while the bigger, commodity-based traders 
continued to enjoy international support.  
134. The persistence of a trade finance gap in th e most challenging regions of the world was 
confirmed by the conclusions of the WTO Report which had been commissioned by G-20 Leaders 
under paragraph 44 of the Seoul Summit Document.  The Report reveals that only a third of the 
60 poorest countries in the world benefit regularly  from the services offered under trade finance 
programmes, and that the lack of risk mitigation programmes in these countries partly explained the 
very high fees and collateral requirements paid by local importers to receive their shipments.  The 
Director-General of the WTO confirmed that th e G-20 was in the process of accepting the Report's 
recommendations that trade finance facilitation programmes should be strengthened where they 
existed, and be created where they did not yet exist, in  particular in Africa.  In parallel, it seemed that 
the dialogue engaged by the Director-General with  the President of the African Development Bank 
(AfDB) was bearing fruit, and that preparations for the creation of such a facility at the AfDB were 
on-going.  In this process, the AfDB was benefiti ng from substantial technical support from the Asian 
Development Bank and the IFC.  Such facilities we re in high demand, according to key banks still 
active in Africa -- at a time of withdrawal of la rge international banks from the continent.  One 
challenge for remaining banks is to be able to support both large commodity contracts and, at the 
same time, extend trade lines to the smaller countri es, as this stretched existing capacity.  U.S. dollar 
funding is also an issue in Africa as most importers  bought international goods in U.S. dollars.  Other 
banks, notably from Asia, are showing interest in entering African markets, but have a high 
perception of risk.  
135. Multilateral development banks are asking for support from the WTO in maintaining their 
trade finance programmes, at least at current levels, in view of both structural and other 
developments. They ask that the WTO do more by way of advocacy, in particular in respect of finance 
officials (including board members at their institutio ns) not sufficiently informed about the beneficial 
development and trade impact of their programmes.   
136. Participants acknowledged that the extended di alogue with the Basel Committee on Banking 
Supervision had been fruitful. This dialogue , which involved also the World Bank and the 
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) was sup ported by the continued efforts of the banking 
community under the ICC Banking Commission to gath er information on defaults in trade finance 
markets.  In this context, the establishment of a "pilot" registry containing information from the 
world's largest trade banks helped in establishing a dialogue based on facts.  This "trade finance loss 
register" indicates that the average default rate on international trade credit operations is no higher 
than 0.2% globally, including durin g the recent period of financial crisis.  This is lower than most 
domestic lending activities.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 48  
 
  137. Aggregate data were given to the Basel Committee on Bank Supervision to feed the 
discussion with its partners.  According to the I CC, World Bank, and WTO, the data indicate that 
cross-border trade finance is a safe financial activ ity, including in low-income countries. While it was 
fully justified to re-regulate the financial sector in view of recent difficulties, trade finance ought not 
to become an unintended casualty.  
138. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision an alysed which measures of the prudential 
regulation affecting trade finance we re most detrimental to trade and trade finance availability, with a 
particular focus on the beneficial effects for low- income countries.  Proposals were made by the WTO 
and the World Bank to the Committee with a view to  waiving the obligation to capitalize short-term 
letters of credit for one full year, when its averag e maturity was, according to the registry, between 
90 and 115 days (consistent with the maturity of the v ast majority of international trade transactions).  
This measure was "blocking" hundreds of millions of U.S. dollars of unnecessary capital that could be 
used to finance more trade transactions.  During th e G-20 Meeting in London, at the initiative of the 
Director-General and of the President of the Worl d Bank, the G-20 had already asked for a temporary 
relief from this regulatory measure to support trade in  developing countries.  The temporary relief will 
now be made permanent. Hence, 90 to 115-days tr ade letters of credit will be capitalized for that 
appropriate maturity.  
139. In addition, the Basel Committee agreed to revi ew the current rule under which the rating of a 
banking counterparty in a trade transaction could not be better than the sovereign. In many low-
income countries, the sovereign is either poorly rate d or unrated, so this was discouraging trade, while 
traders have good payment records.  For this  category of countries, the Basel Committee has 
lifted/adapted the rule to the reality of international trade.  This will certainly give a boost not only to 
north-south trade, but also to trade from emerging countries to low-income countries, and favour the integration of the latter into global su pply chain financial arrangements.  
VI. TRANSPARENCY, MONITORING AND SURVEILLANCE OF TRADE POLICIES 
140. One of the tasks of the WTO is to meet the demand from Members for high quality 
information about each other's trade policies and practices.  The main reason for producing that 
information is to assist Members to monitor compliance with the WTO Agreements.  Some 
Governments are able to gather the information them selves, but the large majority cannot and there is 
in any case an economy of effort in producing and disseminating the information centrally at the 
multilateral level.   
141. The information can serve a number of other purposes, including allowing Members 
collectively to evaluate how well the Agreements they  have negotiated are operating.  It is of value 
too for the private sector to have access to current  information about trade policies and practices in 
their overseas markets, and there is evidence that a more transparent trading en vironment is associated 
with increased trade.
34 
142. Since the last Ministerial Conference in Dece mber 2009 (MC7), Members have increased the 
transparency of their trade policies and practices.   
 The weakest area remains the record of formal notifications, even if there has been some 
improvement over the past two years and Me mbers are making more active use of the 
mandates of the specialized WTO Committees and Councils to consult with each other and 
conduct policy surveillance through peer review in a multilateral setting.   
                                                      
34 Helble, Matthias, Ben Sheperd and John S. Wilson, 2009, Transparency and Regional Integration in 
the Asia Pacific , World Economy 32(2), p. 479-508  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 49 
 
 
   Under the Transparency Mechanism for Regiona l Trade Agreements (RTAs), an additional 
43 reviews of the goods and services provisions  of individual agreements have been 
conducted since MC7.  The reviews provide a clearer picture of the universe of the 210 RTAs in force today that have been notified to th e WTO and they represent a big step forward from 
the situation in 2006 before the Transpar ency Mechanism became operational.  
 In December 2010, the General Council agreed  to establish a si milar Transparency 
Mechanism for Preferential Trade Arrangements.
35 
 Through the 4th Appraisal of the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM), Members are 
increasing substantially the number of reviews that  will be conducted each year to an average 
of 24, bringing it up to the rate required by th e TPRM mandate.  They are taking steps also to 
streamline the TPR process and to enhance the value of each review, both for the Membership as a whole and for the Member under review.   
 Members have supported the continuation and stre ngthening of the Director-General's trade 
policy monitoring exercise.  They have used th e reports to expand their overview of recent 
developments in the international trading environment.   
 Steps have also been taken to improve the co llection, management and dissemination of trade 
and trade policy data, by strengthening existing databases (e.g. the Integrated Data Base and 
the specialized TBT and SPS databases), by st arting work to integrate all databases of non-
tariff measures and to construct a new database fo r policies affecting trade in services.  More 
can be done to strengthen the WTO Secretariat as the depository of trade and trade policy data 
so it can provide top quality trade policy intelligence to Members.  
143. These activities underwrite the implementati on, administration and operation of WTO 
Agreements and increase the Organization's institutional effectiveness.  In all areas more can be done.   
In some areas, it is not an exaggeration to say th at the gaps that exist in the WTO's knowledge about 
its Members' trade policies and practices are still so  serious that they jeopardise the value of the 
individual Agreements.  Most of those gaps are re lated to poor compliance with formal notification 
requirements.   
144. In some cases, correcting this is a matter of intensifying existing work programmes in the 
specialized Committees and Councils to eliminate back logs and stay on top of the flow of new trade 
policy data and information.  In other cases, however, additional efforts are needed from Members to 
meet their notification obligations and to report regul arly on their trade policies and practices if they 
are to achieve the fullest possible degree of transpar ency.  More can be done to make active use of the 
trade policy information available from monitoring a nd surveillance activities.  More can be done also 
to respond to requests from developing countries, in  particular the LDCs, for assistance in managing 
information on their trade policies and reporting on it  to the WTO.  Assistance in this area has been 
included as a priority in the Biennial Technical Assistance and Training Plan for 2012 - 2013. 
                                                      
35 WTO document WT/L/806, 16 December 2010. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 50  
 
   
Box 1:  Transparency:  from GATT to WTO 
First generation transparency provisions in the GATT we re based simply on requirements to notify and publish 
trade policies and practices.  In a tariff -only world of non-discrimination, this  is sufficient to ensure that the 
conduct of trade policy is visible an d its effects can be understood.   
When new GATT agreements were added on non-tariff measures, more complex transparency provisions were 
needed to provide information not only on how a measure was described formally in legislation but also how it 
was implemented in practice.  Second generation transparency provisions in the Tokyo Round Agreements 
therefore added new requirements, for example giving parties the right to request information from each other and to make cross-notifications of measures (Agr eement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures) and 
allowing comments on draft measures  and establishing enquiry points (Agreement on Technical Barriers to 
Trade).  Specialized committ ees were established to apply the transparency provisions through consultations, 
to allow for expert scrutiny of trade measures at a deta iled level, and to exercise collective surveillance of 
measures through peer review so as to help correct breaches of the rules before dispute settlement provisions 
needed to be invoked.   
The Understanding Regarding Notification, Consultation, Dispute Settlement and Surveillance adopted at the 
end of the Tokyo Round also initiated "a regular and systematic review of developments in the trading 
system".  For a number of years, special meetings of the GATT Council were held with background documents 
prepared by the Secretariat based on officially notified measures.  However, since th e record of notifications 
was poor and a significant proportion of trade measures at that time fell outside the GATT rules (e.g. orderly 
marketing arrangements and voluntary export restraints), th e exercise was carried out on the basis of very little 
information and it was eventually discontinued. 
New transparency provisions were added in the WTO Agreements at the end of the Uruguay Round, building 
on the format of publication and notification.  Depending on the Agreement, they required more detailed information from Members on their trade policies and pr actices, dug deeper into the motivation underlying the 
policies, extended into behind-the-border justifications for the measures such as product safety and animal 
health, required more detailed explanations of how policies are implemented, administered and enforced, 
required ex ante  notifications and allowed Members to comment on  each other's draft policies before they were 
enacted, and set up enquiry points and contact points domestically to fac ilitate access by governments and the 
private sector to information on  the trade policy environment.  
The Uruguay Round also establis hed the Trade Policy Review Mech anism (TPRM), with the aim of 
"achieving greater transparency in, and understanding of, the trade policies and practices of Members".  The function of the TPRM falls into the category of wide-ranging monitoring of trade policies rather than targeted 
surveillance through peer review, since it is explicit that  the TPRM is not intended to serve as a basis for 
enforcing legal obligations under the WTO Agreements .  Nonetheless, Members are subject to mandatory 
transparency requirements under the TPRM.  They have given to the WTO Secretariat the role of seeking 
clarification on Members' trade policies and practices when preparing TPR reports, but an important part of the 
increased transparency that derives from the TPRM exercise involves the formal exchange of questions and answers with the Memb er under review.   
The recently-strengthened, trade policy monitoring exercise  that is being conducted by  the Director-General is 
based on the TPRM mandate.  With the aim of achieving a high level of transparency in the monitoring reports, beyond what can be  reached by relying only on formal notifications, th e WTO Secretariat actively 
gathers information on trade policy changes from official and non-official sources an d verifies the information 
with each Member concerned before publishing it. 
 
Box 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 51 
 
 
   
At the end of the Uruguay Round, in response to Members' concerns about the growing burden of notification 
requirements, a Working Group made recommendations on how notifications should be handled (primarily 
through the specialized Committees and Councils)36 and the Central Registry of Notifications (CRN) was 
established to receive and maintain notifications, to inform each Member annually of its notification 
obligations, and to draw the attention of Members to any requirements that remained unfulfilled.  Some 
notification requirements have expired si nce then (e.g. textiles), but others have been added so that today, the 
CRN database covers 176 notification requirements, of  which 42 are recurring re quirements (semi-annual, 
annual, biennial, triennial). 
2011 notification obligations  
 Regular  Ad hoc Total 
Development  7 7 
Government Procurement 3 8 11 
Intellectual Property 3 23 26 
Services 3 11 14 
Trade in Goods    
  Agriculture  8 7 15 
  Market Access  9 27 36 
  Rules 7 34 41 
  Technical Barriers to Trade 1 13 14 
  TRIMs 1 2 3 
General    
  Balance of payments  1 1 2 
  RTAs 6 0 6 
  TPRM 0 1 1 
Total 42 134 176 
 
Indications are that the Doha Round results would expand the WTO provisions on transparency, monitoring 
and surveillance further still.  An early result of the negotiations was the adoption on a provisional basis in December 2006 of the Transparency  Mechanism for Regional Trade Agr eements.  Another example is the 
mandate for the negotiation of a new Trade Facilitation agre ement, which calls for, inter alia, the clarification 
and improvement of relevant aspects of GATT Article X ( Publication and Administration of Trade 
Regulations ) with a view to further expediting the movement , release and clearance of goods, including goods 
in transit. 
 
A. NOTIFICATIONS AND SURVEILLANCE IN WTO  COUNCILS AND COMMITTEES  
145. Reports on the activities of most of the WTO Committees and Councils point to an 
intensification of work in 2011 to improve the timel iness and completeness of notifications.  In some 
cases, progress has been made to improve notification procedures by simplifying them and by 
introducing more user-friendly repor ting mechanisms, and to engage more deliberately in expert 
review of notifications and other trade policy in formation to increase multilateral transparency.   
146. The total number of notifications made to the WTO continues to increase and improvements 
are being made in respecting notification obligatio ns, but progress is slow (Chart 18).  Significant 
                                                      
36 The 1996 Report of the Working Group on Notification Obligations and Procedures (G/L/112) 
counted at least 175 notification requirements in the agreements on trade in good s alone, of which 26 are 
recurring requirements. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 52  
 
  gaps still remain in all areas of the WTO's work.37  For example, in the area of Agriculture only 20% 
of the Membership is fully compliant with its no tification obligations for the period up to 2009, the 
biennial notification requirement for all Me mbers on Subsidies is poorly respected, initial 
notifications of TRIPs laws and regulations are still lacking from many Members, and only a few 
Members are actively meeting their notification obligations on trade in Services.  
1,6202,4802,8784,4254,943
3,627
05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,000
1995 1999 2004 2009 2010 2011 (Jan-Oct)Chart 18
Number of notifications received , 1995-2011
Number
Source: WTO's Central Registry of Notifications.
 
147. There continues to be a demand for techni cal assistance for developing countries, and 
particularly the LDCs, to assist them to meet fully their notification requirements within the 
prescribed deadlines.  This is a priority area of  the WTO Secretariat's technical assistance activities 
under several WTO Agreements. 
148. In 2011, the Committee on Agriculture  has continued to focus on transparency as well as on 
implementation of Members' scheduled and rule-b ased commitments.  Members engaged in further 
discussions on "best practices" in preparing and reviewing notifications.38  Building on the success of 
the Agriculture Notifications Workshops held in 201039, similar events focusing on the preparation of 
notifications were organized on the sidelines of re gular meetings, as provided for in WTO's Biennial 
Technical Assistance and Training Plan for 2010-2011.40  These have allowed participants to improve 
their knowledge of existing tools which might be u sed in preparing and analyzing notifications, and 
                                                      
37 For a critical independent review of the record of notifications, particularly on subsidies and 
agriculture, see Collins-Williams, Terry and Robert Wolfe, 2010, Transparency as a trade policy tool:  the 
WTO's cloudy windows , World Trade Review 9(4) 
38 An annotated document exploring ways for addressing the information needs identified by Members 
was issued as G/AG/W/73/Rev.2/Add.1. 
39 English- and Spanish-speaking workshops were held in September and November 2010. 
40 Geneva-based French- and English-speaking workshops in September and November 2011.  A joint 
IICA-WTO Regional Workshop on Agriculture Notifications  has also been held in Costa Rica in April 2011.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 53 
 
 
  gain "hands-on" experience through practical exercises and case studies.  About 30% of the 
participating Members have been able to either fully or partially catch up with their notification 
obligations up until 2009. 
149. Furthermore, the Secretariat continued devel oping the Agriculture Information Management 
System (Ag-IMS) that will allow users to search a nd analyse the notifications submitted, agriculture-
related notified information, and questions rai sed and responses provided in the Review Process 
undertaken in the Committee on Agriculture sin ce 1995.  The Ag-IMS will also enable online 
submission of notifications, and questions and r esponses for the Review Pr ocess.  The information 
made available through the Members' Transpar ency Toolkit on the public website has been 
completed41 and is being updated on a regular basis.  Actions implemented by the Committee and the 
Secretariat have continued to bear fruit:  the height ened awareness of transpar ency matters has further 
improved compliance relative to the earlier years of implementation.   
150. By end-September 2011, close to half of th e Membership was in full compliance with 
notification obligations for the implementation peri od 1995-2005, up from 40% the previous year.  As 
regards the implementation period 1995-2009, only 20% of the Membership is fully compliant with 
their notification obligations.  In terms of regular  annual notification obligations, as opposed to ad 
hoc submissions, a total of 292 requirements  were met through end-October 2011.  
151. In 2011, the SPS Committee  launched the SPS Notification Submission System (SPS NSS), 
the first of its kind.  The system allows Nati onal Notification Authorities to fill out and submit SPS 
notifications online.  The SPS NSS was made ava ilable to Members on 1 June 2011 on request.  By 
the end of September 2011, 22 Members had requested access to the system, and nine have officially 
submitted notifications via the SPS NSS.  It is expected that, in future, the majority of SPS 
notifications will be submitted online.  The SPS NSS allows for more accurate and complete 
notifications, and a substantial reduc tion in the time required for the WTO to circulate them.  This will 
facilitate analysis and make it more reliable.  This system is of particular importance considering the 
fact that there has been an upward trend in the numb er of notifications over the years, with the total 
number of notifications reaching a peak of 1,436 in 2010. 
152. During 2011, as part of the effort towards improving the timeliness and completeness of 
notifications, the Market Access Committee  has been working on a new decision for the notification 
of Quantitative Restrictions which would replace the existing one in G/L/59.   Several consultations 
took place to put in place a procedure that will enha nce the transparency of such measures without 
making the notification requirements overly burdens ome.  The Committee spent a substantial amount 
of time grappling with the issue of the scope of the decision (i.e. what measures would the decision 
cover).  It would appear that an understanding was reached on this issue as well as on a number of other elements, including the format of notificati ons and reverse notifications.  The progress made 
over the year is reflected in the latest version of the draft decision contained in JOB/MA/71/Rev.5.   
This decision was considered at the formal meeti ng of the Committee on 14 October, but in light of a 
comment by a Member that it continued to have some  questions of a technical and procedural nature, 
the decision was not adopted.  The Committee agreed to revert to it at its next meeting.   
153. The number of notifications received in the Committee on Import Licensing  has increased 
during the last five years.  Even though sever al Members submitted first-time notifications under 
Articles 5 and 7, there are still 15 Members that ha ve not submitted any notification since joining the 
WTO.    The Committee continued to explore ways  and means to improve Members' compliance with 
transparency obligations under the Agreement.  As  a result, there was wide support for the use, on a 
                                                      
41 A complete set of AGST Supporting Tables which provide background information on the data and 
methodology used by Members in deriving their commitments on domestic support and export subsidies has 
now been made available on the website.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 54  
 
  voluntary basis, of two notification forms for notif ying under Articles 1.4(a) and/or 8.2(b) and under 
Article 5 of the Agreement.  Consequently, and as agreed by the Committee, these forms were 
circulated in document G/LIC/22 and the templates are also available on the Members' website under: 
WTO Resources/Market Access – Import Licensing/Template G/LIC/N/1 and G/LIC/N/2, respectively.  Since the launch of the forms, vari ous Members have used them.  Members have also 
found acceptable and easily applicable the use of  a short statement to respond to the Annual 
Questionnaire under Article 7.3 of the Agreement wh en no changes or few ch anges have been made 
to their import licensing regimes already notified to the Committee. 
154. The Chair of the Committee sends reminders once a year to Members recalling their 
transparency obligations.  In July  2011, the Chair sent reminders to all Members highlighting the date 
of the last notification received from their author ities and their responses to the Annual Questionnaire, 
and inviting them to review the status of their notifications in general and update them as necessary 
using, if Members so wished, the new notification forms approved by the Committee.  In addition, the Central Registry of Notifications (CRN), also se nds reminders twice a year.  A database is being 
designed facilitate future access by Members and trad ers to the legislation and regulations notified by 
Members on their import licensing procedures.   
155. To date, 85 Members have notified their national legislation on Customs Valuation  
(counting the EU and its member states as one).  Only 56 Members have notified their responses to the Checklist of Issues, although this is a requireme nt agreed by the Committee.  Since a number of 
Members have not yet notified their legislation, at each meeting the Chair of the Committee urges those Members to do so.  Most Members who have not yet fulfilled the notification obligation are 
either small economies or LDCs.  It appears th ese Members have difficulties in implementing the 
Customs Valuation Agreement.  This is addressed in  the Biennial Technical Assistance and Training 
Plan for 2012 - 2013.  The Committee Chair has made a presentation on ways to improve the timeliness and completeness of notifications and other information flows on trade measures falling 
under the Agreement.  The Committee agreed to re vert to this issue when Members submit their 
suggestions in writing.  
156. As concerns the Agreement on Preshipment Inspection (PSI) , the Committee agreed that 
notifications should be made only if a Member uses PSI or has legislation relating to PSI.  To date, 
96 Members have submitted notifications.  Ther e have been no comments from other Members on 
these notifications.  
157. In 2011, the Rules of Origin Committee  (CRO) received six new notifications bringing the 
total number of Members having notified non-preferentia l rules of origin to 83 and the total number of 
Members having notified preferential rules of origin to 126.  These numbers reflect both notifications 
made to the CRO as well as to other bodies of the WTO.  The Chairperson of the Committee has 
repeatedly expressed concern that a number of Memb ers have not yet complied with the notification 
requirements and urged Members who have not yet notified to do so as soon as possible.  
158. The TBT Committee  regularly reviews the implementation of the Agreement's provisions 
related to transparency.  The outcome of the re view process has been a series of decisions that 
enhance transparency in terms of practical reco mmendations to Members.  In November 2009, the 
Committee concluded its Fifth Triennial Review which contains a set of recommendations for 
enhancing notification procedures.
42    The Committee also regularly  reviews specific trade concerns 
raised by Members.  These specific trade c oncerns are listed in the document series 
G/TBT/GEN/74/Rev X.    
                                                      
42 WTO document G/TBT/26, Section D, 13 November 2009.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 55 
 
 
  159. The TBT Information Management System (TBT IMS)43 is a comprehensive web-based 
application containing all measures notified to the TB T Committee.  It  is being enhanced to improve 
functionality and access to notification data.  In th is context, an online TBT Notification Submission 
System (TBT NSS) is under development.  Online notification will enhance accuracy of information 
contained in notifications, facilita te review and revision of notifi cations, and lead to more rapid 
circulation of notifications to Members, all of which will contribute to improved implementation of 
the transparency provisions of the TBT Agreement.   The notification data contained in the TBT IMS 
is currently being analyzed and better integrated  as part of the WTO-wide NTM database project, 
which should help address existi ng gaps in notification data.  
160. The Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures  has taken a number of actions 
to increase transparency and improve compliance with notification obligations.  The Committee 
adopted in October 2009 new standard formats for the notification of semi-annual reports of 
countervailing actions and the minimum information to be provided in the notifications of preliminary 
or final countervailing actions.  At the same mee ting, the Committee adopted a one-time notification 
format for Members that do not have an investig ating authority for countervailing duty investigations, 
which have not taken such measures and which ar e unlikely to resort to  such measures in the 
foreseeable future.  Further, the Committee has, since 2009, included in its  annual report an annex 
showing the time period covered by the last subsidy notification submitted by each Member. 
161. Despite these efforts, further work is requi red to improve compliance with notification 
requirements.  Of particular concern is uneven compliance with the obliga tion to notify subsidies 
under Article 25.1 of the Agreement.  The Chair of  the Committee noted at the October 2011 meeting 
that, as of that time, 73 Members had not yet su bmitted their 2009 new and full notification, while 
only 36 Members had submitted the 2011 new and full notification, which wa s due on 30 June 2011.  
In some cases, Members have not submitted a notifica tion for many years.  Further, concerns were 
expressed  about the comprehensiveness of those notif ications that have been submitted.  While some 
notifications run to hundreds of pages, others are very brief.  Some Members that benefit from an 
extension of the transition period for the elimina tion of export subsidies pursuant to the General 
Council decision (WT/L/691) also fail to make their annual updating notifications in a timely manner.  
162. The Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices  adopted in October 2008 a new revised format 
for semi-annual reports and the Secretariat was as ked to send frequent reminders prior to the set 
deadlines.  In October 2009, the Committee adopted three decisions to enha nce transparency and 
streamline the reporting process.  They include a one-time notification format to assist those long-
standing non-notifying Members that do not have an investigating authority and that have never taken 
any anti-dumping actions (the Secretariat was ask ed to provide the necess ary technical assistance)44;  
a decision on electronic submission of all notifications submitted to the Committee45;  and the 
introduction of an additional paragraph to the mi nimum information format, which Members use to 
notify their ad hoc  preliminary and final actions, to encour age them to attach, in electronic form, 
publicly available document(s) containing the relevant decision(s) made by the competent authority.  
While active users of anti-dumping generally make good efforts to comply with notification 
requirements, semi-annual reports are often su bmitted late and notifications are sometimes 
incomplete, or do not comply with the format, w ith consequent impact on Committee discussions and 
on the timely updating of the anti-dumping database.  
                                                      
43 http://tbtims.wto.org/ 
44 The Secretariat has provided the technical assist ance to countries falling within this category and 
remains in close contact with those Members that have not yet provided the said notification. Notifications 
submitted by Members in this respect may be found in document series G/ADP/N/193.     
45 A subject box specific automated reply was ac tivated by CRN which would encourage more 
Members to submit their notifi cations in an electronic form. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 56  
 
  163. At its meeting on 19 October 2009, the Committee on Safeguards  approved several new and 
improved notification formats, which contributed to increased transparency in safeguard actions. 
Since the vast majority of notifications made to the Committee on Safeguards concerns ad hoc and 
individual safeguard actions, clearer notification has ha d a direct effect on increased transparency.  As 
two years have passed since the revised format was put in place, several situations that do not fit 
squarely within that format have been identified.   The Committee plans to discuss in coming meetings 
how best to accommodate those situations, while sec uring a consistent notification structure.     
164. Improving the timeliness and completeness of notif ications and other information flows has 
been on the agenda of each meeting of the Council for TRIPS  since June 2009.  In October 2009, the 
Secretariat introduced a background note on "Time liness and Completeness of Notifications and 
Other Information Flows" (IP/C/W/543) that it had prepared at the Council's request.  It summarizes 
the relevant procedures and provides information on the use of these procedures by Members.  The note pointed out that the overall status of initial no tifications of laws and regulations by developed 
and developing country Members could be considered as fairly good, but the situation with regard to 
the notification of subsequent amendments was much more uneven. 
165. At subsequent meetings, the Secretariat inform ed the Council about further enhancements to 
its services to improve the transparency and user-fr iendliness of the notification system, including:  
the launch of the TRIPS transparency toolkit we bpage (intended to facilitate access to notified 
materials by providing a single access point to variou s notifications and other reports from Members, 
as well as to facilitate the submission of up-to-dat e notifications by making available the related 
formats, guidelines and background materials); clarif ication of preferred formats for submission of 
notifications and other texts; the creation of the WIPO-WTO Common Portal as an alternative 
electronic means of submitting text of IP laws and regulations to the tw o Organizations; and two 
contact point lists established under Articles 67 and 69 in the form of a drop down list on the 
transparency toolkit, to make that practical info rmation more accessible than the earlier paper-based 
format.  
166. As to further improvements, the Secretariat has indicated that its continued focus will be to 
make fuller use of electronic means to facilitate acce ss to the valuable data contained in notifications 
and other materials, and to reduce the use of pape r in line with the Paperless Secretariat Initiative.  
Given the important role of c ooperation with WIPO in the administration of notifications and 
following the successful launch of the WIPO-WTO Common Portal, it will also explore possible avenues for further cooperation.  
167. With respect to the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement , in the past two years 
many previously-outstanding statistical reports have been provided by the Parties to the Agreement.  
Work is also under way to compare approaches  and improve the methodologies used in the 
compilation of such reports.  In addition, a draft decision is under consideration in the Committee on Government Procurement on the subject of notifications .  The decision would, inter alia, facilitate the 
use of electronic tools by Parties in making some kinds of notifications.  Possibilities for the expanded 
use of electronic tools to fulfil notification requirement s are also incorporated in the revised text of the 
Agreement.
46  
168. In the past year, the Council for Trade in Services  has received 22 notifications pursuant to 
Article III:3, concerning new measures that "signifi cantly affect" trade in sectors covered by specific 
commitments.  However, these notifications were submitted by only four Members.  Some Members 
might have felt that the scope of the measures to be  notified is not defined clearly enough in Article 
III:3; one delegation gave the view that in the case of Members with very many commitments, the 
strict application of this Article w ould be administratively impracticable. 
                                                      
46 See WTO documents GPA/W/313, 16 December 2010 and GPA/W/313/Corr.1, 13 January 2011.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 57 
 
 
  169. Up until March 2010, the Council continued to discuss compliance with notification 
obligations under the GATS, initiated by a written submission from the Swiss delegation.47  Prompted 
by this initiative, a group of a dozen Members me t to exchange information about their internal 
procedures on notifications.   
170. Since the creation of the Integrated Data Base (IDB) , the notifications received by the WTO 
Secretariat were, for the majority of Members, neith er timely, i.e. within the prescribed deadlines, nor 
comprehensive.  Complete or near complete su bmissions to the IDB for all years since 1996 have 
been received from 31 Members for tariffs and from 38 Members for imports.   
171. To address this situation, the WTO Secretar iat proposed to Members a new framework to 
enhance compliance with IDB notifications.  This  was adopted by the Committee on Market Access 
in July 2009.48  This decision gives the Secretariat more flexibility to collect data from official 
national, regional or internationa l sources under certain circumstances, which resulted in a significant 
improvement in reporting to the IDB.  In May 2011, the Committee on Market Access took note that, 
since the adoption of the decision, the Secretariat ha d included tariff and/or import data in the IDB for 
52 Members which was a considerable improvement  over earlier years.  The number of Members 
reporting information to the IDB has increased by mo re than a third in the last two years compared 
with the preceding two-year period, involving mos tly outstanding submissions from earlier years. The 
Secretariat continues its efforts to encourage Members to make comprehensive and timely IDB notifications, including through active collabora tion with regional and other international 
organizations involved in similar data collection activities.   
B. T
RANSPARENCY MECHANISM FOR REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS (RTA S) 
172. The introduction on a provisional basis in December 2006 of the Transparency Mechanism 
for RTAs has increased considerab ly the transparency of individual RTAs and given Members a 
better understanding of how each RTA functions a nd how RTAs more generally relate to the 
multilateral trading system.  Since the Transpar ency Mechanism was adopted, 112 separate goods and 
services provisions of RTAs have been reviewed in the Committees on Regional Trade Agreements 
(CRTA) and on Trade and Development (CTD) on the basis of factual presentations prepared by the 
WTO Secretariat and of a structured question and answer process among Members.  The 
Transparency Mechanism has also contributed in ot her ways to increasing the flow of information and 
exchange of data among Members on RTAs, incl uding through early announcements of new RTAs 
before they enter into force and more detailed notifications to the WTO, as well as information 
gathered in the course of preparing the factual presentations.     
173. A better notification record has been encouraged  by the simplification of notification formats 
and by active efforts by the CRTA, through its Ch airman and the WTO Secretariat, to monitor the 
negotiation of new RTAs and to remind Members a bout their notification obligations.  In October 
2009, responding to a request by the Chairman of the General Council, the Chairman of the CRTA 
contacted Members that are parties to 90 RTAs cu rrently in force asking when the agreements would 
be notified.  That has resulted in 17 of those agre ements being notified.  The parties to several other 
RTAs have reported that they are currently cons ulting among themselves on their notifications.  One 
factor holding up the formal notification of some RTAs at present is disagreement among the parties 
on the appropriate provision under which to notify the agreement.49  Some of the agreements are 
"partial scope" agreements with limited coverage, and the Members concerned are discussing whether 
to notify these agreements to the WTO.   
                                                      
47 WTO document S/C/W/297, 13 March 2009.  
48 WTO document G/MA/239, 4 September 2009. 
49 Agreements between developing countries may be notified by the parties un der either Article XXIV 
of the GATT 1994 or under Paragraph 2(c) of the Enabling Clause. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 58  
 
  174. Although improvements have been made in the notification of  RTAs, much remains to be 
done.  Since June 2011, a list is circulated periodica lly to all Members of agreements that have been 
verified by their parties as being in force but that have not been notified to the WTO; the latest list 
covers 73 agreements.50  In addition to these, the WTO Secretariat is aware of some 30 agreements 
that are in force but that have not been notified to the WTO.  
175. The key features of the Transparency Mechan ism relate to the detailed examination of 
individual RTAs that takes place after their notification.   There has been considerable slippage in that 
work programme over the past two years caused by delays by parties in providing and verifying data needed for the preparation of factual presentations  of their agreements.  The WTO Secretariat was 
able to prepare and distribute 25 factual presentations  in 2010 but only 18 in 2011, and it has not been 
able to prevent the backlog of RTAs awaiting re view from increasing from 96 at the end of 2009 to 
100 today.  Data has been received on time from fewe r than 25% of the parties, and in some cases 
none has been received at all.51  Comments on, and verification of, draft factual presentations have 
been received on time in less than 10% of the cases,  and comments have still not yet been received on 
draft factual presentations sent to the parties of certain agreements in 2009.  
176. The review of the Transparency Mechanism,  with the aim of making it permanent, was 
formally begun by the Negotiating Group on Rules in December 2010.  There has been no progress on 
the other suggestions made at MC7 to further improve the functioning of the Transparency 
Mechanism by highlighting the common elements of  different RTAs or by introducing an annual 
review.52 
C. TRADE POLICY REVIEW MECHANISM (TPRM) 
177. The TPRM is the most comprehensive and flexib le vehicle available in the WTO to increase 
transparency and to conduct multilateral monitoring and surveillance of Members' trade policies and 
practices.  Its purpose is "to contribute to impr oved adherence by all Members to [WTO] rules, 
disciplines and commitments and hence to the sm oother functioning of the multilateral trading 
system, by achieving greater transparency in, and understanding of, the trade policies and practices of Members".   
178. The transparency obligations of Members under the TPRM are broad:  "In order to achieve 
the fullest possible degree of transparency, each Member shall report regularly to the TPRB …. to 
describe its trade policies and practices".  "Betwe en reviews, Members shall provide brief reports 
where there are any significant cha nges in their trade policies".  The TPRM is able to range over the 
whole spectrum of each Member's trade policies and practices.  It is insulated from the judicial and 
rule-making functions of the WTO53 which enables it to focus more eas ily on policy transparency and 
analysis, and it is one of the few areas where Members have given to the WTO Secretariat an 
independent role to seek clarification from a Member on its trade policies and practices.  
179. The strength of the TPRM in advancing the tran sparency objectives of the WTO is that it 
straddles both the passive element of monitoring each  Member's trade policies (collecting data from 
official and non-official sources) and the ac tive element of monitoring and analysis.   
                                                      
50 WTO document WT/REG/W/62, 20 September 2011. 
51 The Transparency Mechanism requires that data be provided by the parties to an agreement within 10 
weeks following notification of the ag reement, or 20 weeks for agreements between developing countries. 
52 WT/MIN(09)/18. 
53 The TPRM "is not intended to serve as a basis for the en forcement of specific obligations under the 
Agreements or for dispute settlement procedures, or to impose new policy commitments on Members".  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 59 
 
 
  180. The WTO Secretariat is largely responsible for the collection of the trade policy data.  The 
core of each TPR report is based on the notifica tions of the Member under review.  Where any are 
lacking, the Secretariat uses the opportunity to enc ourage the Member to bring these up to date and, as 
necessary, helps identify any technical assistance needs of the Member in this area.  The bulk of each 
report depends on a far wider range of data and in formation than is available from official WTO 
notifications.  The Secretariat collects this from o fficial sources (questionnaires to the Member under 
review) and non-official sources, and seeks verifica tion of the data and information when discussing 
the draft of its report with the Member.  To comp lement this factual data and information, the 
Secretariat seeks to cover in its report a descri ption of the Member's trade policy-making processes 
and of the economic or commercial rationale for its policies.   
Box 2:  20 years of the TPRM 
The first TPR (Australia) was conducted in December 198 9.  By the end of February 2012, the TPRB will 
have conducted 320 reviews covering all WTO Members except for three:  Cuba, Guinea-Bissau and 
Myanmar.54  The reviews undertaken so far underscore the wide-ranging differences in trade policy challenges 
and responses among Members, and each trade policy re view is unique.  However, the overriding common 
theme that emerges is the rapid pace of trade policy change in the past 20 years, generally with a strong 
current of liberalization in the vast majority of Members, whether they are developed, developing, LDCs or 
economies in transition.  While there have been inev itable setbacks and exceptions, the reviews undertaken so 
far have demonstrated a continued policy of, or sustained shift to, more market-oriented, liberal trade regimes.  
The main driver of this process has been autonomous liberalization and broad economic reform in developing 
countries and LDCs, first in Asia, then in Latin America, and more recently in Africa.55  This trend was 
spurred on, and consolidated by the Uruguay Round as national trade policies evolved in anticipation of, or as a result of, the trade liberalization commitments and rules of the WTO Ag reements, which helped to halt and 
reverse any residual tendencies towards inward-looking trade policy-making.  Increasing integration into the 
global economy was both a result of, and a stimulus for, the adoption of outward-looking policies.  It has helped many developing countries to become top trading nations on a global level, and their achievements 
have provided a model for others to follow. 
 
 
181. In the periodic appraisals of the TPRM, Members have felt the Secretariat reports are 
generally of a high standard.  Some have requested  the Secretariat to be more thorough in its data 
collection and policy analysis while ensuring that it conducts its scrutiny in an even-handed way for 
each Member.  In order to do this, greater use is now  being made of Secretariat staff from specialized 
operational divisions to contribute to the prepara tion of particular sect ions of TPR reports.  
Consideration is also being given to including more comparative analysis in each report, relating the 
trade policies and practices of the Member under revi ew to its peer group in the region and elsewhere.  
In the final analysis, however, the ability of the Secretariat to deliver on these issues depends on the 
cooperation it receives from the Member under review.  While cooperation in ge neral is excellent, the 
Secretariat is sometimes unable to obtain all of the data and information that it requests.  
182. Reports prepared by the Government of the Me mber under review were originally required by 
the TPRM mandate to describe the full range of th e Member's trade policies and practices under the 
                                                      
54 Owing to their recent accession to the WTO, six other Members have yet to be scheduled for review:  
Cape Verde, Moldova, FYR of Macedon ia, Tonga, Ukraine and Viet Nam. 
55 Valdes, Raymundo, 2010, Lessons from the first two decades of trade policy reviews in the 
Americas , WTO Working Paper, ERSD-2010-15;  Daly, Michael, 2011, Evolution of Asia's outward-looking 
economic policies:  some lessons  from trade policy reviews, WTO Working Paper ERSD-2011-12. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 60  
 
  WTO Agreements, but since experience showed that this tended to be repetitive of the Secretariat 
reports it was decided to invite governments to provi de instead a forward-looking policy statement.  
183. The TPR process also involves the exchange of written questions and answers with the 
Member under review, giving Members an opportunity to seek greater transparency on details of trade policies and practices that are of particular interest to them.  In keeping with the multilateral spirit of 
the exercise, all written questions and answers are made available to all Members.  This process 
seems to be highly valued by Members as a means of  increasing transparency, j udging by the increase 
in the number of written questions that have been addressed in the past few years to those Members 
that account for a large share of world trade.   Consideration is being given in the 4
th Appraisal of the 
TPRM to steps that can be taken to alleviate the burden on the Member under review of answering a 
large number of questions in advance of the TPR B meeting, without detr acting from the additional 
transparency that comprehensive an swers to those questions is considered to bring to the exercise 
overall.   
D. PERIODIC MONITORING OF MEMBERS ' TRADE POLICIES  
184. The Director-General's mon itoring reports on trade policies have been produced under 
Paragraph G of the TPRM, with a view to assisting Members to review recent developments in the 
international trading environment that are having an impact on the multilateral trading system and, 
more broadly, on the health of the global economy.  Although some Members monitor closely the trade measures of their major trading partners, one par ticular value of the Director-General's reports is 
that they make information available to developing  countries and LDCs who do not have the means to 
conduct reviews of this type for themselves. 
185. The financial and economic crisis  of late-2008 presented a challe nge to the WTO to inform its 
Members quickly whether the sharp contracti on in global growth was causing increased 
protectionism.  The initial response was provided in Ja nuary 2009 by the Director-General in his first 
monitoring report to Members on recent changes in tr ade restrictions and othe r trade-related measures 
-- some slippage towards more trade restriction was reported, but far less than had been feared, given 
the severity of the crisis.56   
186. The difficulty of putting together that firs t report exposed the limitations in the WTO's 
knowledge about its Members' recent trade policy de velopments.  Some of the information on which 
the report was based was drawn from WTO notifications and recent TPR reports, but most was collected from non-official external sources, in par ticular press reports.  As a result, the information 
was uneven in quality, since very little of it had been notified or verified by the governments concerned.  It paid disproportionate attention to  measures imposed by governments that have more 
transparent trade policy-making processes and whose me asures are therefore more widely reported on 
publicly.  Also, the report was skewed towards covera ge of border trade restrictions (such as changes 
in applied tariffs and trade reme dy measures) and had less to say about behind-the- border measures 
that affect trade, such as certain state aids, s ubsidies and government procurement practices, where 
only a few governments make de tailed information available. 
187. The data weaknesses of that first report were not ed by Members and, broadly speaking, were 
tolerated at the time in view of the value they pl aced on having an overall picture of recent trade 
policy developments produced quickly that, even if neither complete nor entirely accurate, was 
nevertheless considered good enough in the circum stances to inform and advise policy-makers 
involved in economic crisis management.   
                                                      
56 JOB(09)/2.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 61 
 
 
  188. Making improvements in the reliability of the data for subsequent reports was facilitated 
when G-20 Leaders, in April 2009, made a political  commitment to avoid raising trade barriers, 
pledged to notify any such measures promptly to the WTO, and requested the WTO to monitor and 
report publicly on their adherence to this commitmen t.  At the General Counc il meeting in May 2009, 
13 other WTO Members undertook the same commitment as the G-20.57  This led the WTO 
Secretariat, from mid-2009, to begin systematica lly requesting Members individually to notify their 
recent trade policy changes and to verify the accur acy of other information on trade measures that it 
collected from non-official sources. 
189. Improvements in the accuracy and completeness of the monitoring exercise that would 
increase its value depend on Members' willingness to provide full information on their recent trade 
policy changes.  Some of the initial data weaknesses  have been corrected as the monitoring exercise 
has matured, especially as Members, in particular  the G-20, have increasingly stepped forward to 
volunteer information and participate actively in the verification process (Table 11).  Nonetheless, 
further improvements can be made.  The verification process works relatively well but it does not always produce usable results, particularly when a government denies the existence of measures that it 
is asked to verify.  Also, very little information is provided voluntarily by Members on their behind-
the-border measures and detailed and reliable informa tion of this kind is difficult to find and collect 
independently from other sources. 
Table 11  
Provision of information by Members 
 1st Report 2nd Report 3rd Report 4th Report 5th Report 6th Report 
G20 participation        
Members replying to DG's fax (out 
of 20) 14 16 16 14 17 19 
Verification (percentage of replies 
received in total number of requests sent) 75% 69% 69% 63% 94% 94% 
WTO Members participation  2009a 2010a 2011a 
Members replying to DG's fax 
(out of 153) 60 44 55 
Verification (percentage of replies 
received in total number of requests 
sent) 77% 43% 54% 
a Plus three non-WTO Members. 
Source: WTO Secretariat.  
190. Some Members have suggested that the mon itoring exercise should expand beyond the 
collection and presentation of recent trade policy de velopments as an inventory, and include more 
analysis of the impact of the measures on, for example, trade flows, in particular those of developing 
countries.58  The monitoring reports already contain data on the share of world trade covered by new 
trade restrictions and efforts are bei ng made to deepen this analysis.   
191. Another suggestion has been to improve the cove rage of behind-the-border measures that can 
affect trade.  In that regard, a seminar was held in July 2011 in the TPRB to  examine the trade impact 
of fiscal and financial stimulus programmes introduced  by some Members in response to the financial 
                                                      
57 WTO document WT/GC/W/604, 22 May 2009. 
58 WTO document WT/GC/W/61 7, 14 December 2009.   WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 62  
 
  and economic crisis.59  As noted above, for the time being the difficulty in extending the monitoring 
exercise in that direction is the shortage of relia ble information on recent changes in these measures.   
192. Some Members have suggested that detailed ex amination of specific measures is better taken 
up by experts in the specialized Committees and Counc ils responsible for dealing with them under the 
WTO Agreements, whose day-to-day work is instrument al in efforts to contain protectionism.  In that 
regard, an initiative was taken in June 2010 by th e Committee on Trade in Financial Services to hold a 
Dedicated Session on the Financial Cris is and Trade in Financial Services.60   
E. WTO  DATABASES OF MEMBERS ' NOTIFICATIONS AND OTHER TRADE POLICY INFORMATION  
193. A large amount of information on trade and tr ade policies is collected each year through 
various WTO activities such as notifications, TPRs and the Director-General's m onitoring reports, but 
the management and dissemination of the informatio n is still far too dispersed and difficult to access 
conveniently.   
194. The one truly centralized source of informati on is the Integrated Database (IDB) which 
collects and manages tariff data ( bound, applied and preferential) and data on trade flows at the tariff-
line level.  Until 2009, the weakness of the IDB was the poor record of notifications by Members of 
their tariff schedules.  Measures were taken in 2009  to correct the situation. This has led to a 
significant improvement in the completeness of the information contained in the IDB, and although 
serious gaps still exist there is now an accepted pr ocess in place to fill those gaps progressively over 
time.  Members also allowed the Secretariat to open the IDB to the general public and this has 
attracted a large amount of interest.  
195. There is nothing similar to the IDB for the time being dealing with non-tariff measures 
affecting trade in goods or trade in services.  As in the case of tariffs, having easy access to these data 
is valuable to Members from the point of view of monitoring and surveillance of trade policies and 
practices and of trade negotiations and it is potentia lly of great value too to the private sector.  
Notifications of these measures are currently collected by divisions in a number of different database 
systems which are not linked to each other nor linked to  relevant tariff and trade statistics.   Each of 
the databases exists as an independent silo.    Dissemination to Members and the public of the data 
they contain is embedded in documents, except fo r TBT and SPS information where the Secretariat 
has taken steps to make the measures accessible in a searchable database format.  A large amount of 
verified information on these measures is also bei ng collected systematically through TPRs, but it is 
collected only in textual form in TPR reports.   
196. In parallel with efforts by Committees and Councils  to improve the record of notification of 
these measures, therefore, the Secretariat is worki ng to develop a comprehensive "umbrella database" 
that would be a unified point of access to all information on trade policies and practices affecting 
trade in goods.  A similar project is being designed in the area of trade in services.  
197. The new application will complement and conn ect the existing databases on individual non-
tariff measures affecting trade goods, and link these to tr ade and tariff data in the IDB.  To that end, 
existing databases and other relevant information s ources (TPRs, trade monitoring) will be adapted to 
include common coding conventions for a number of key variables, which will allow an easy cross-
referencing of information and its  extraction and analysis. The responsibility for administering the 
data will remain to a large extent decentralized.  The Secretariat will continue to administer the 
contents of the respective databases,  and the content of notifications will continue to be governed by 
the relevant Committees and Councils, although effort s will be made to standardize the design and 
structure of notification formats.  More can be done  to strengthen the Secretariat as the depository of 
trade and trade policy data so it can provide t op quality trade policy intelligence to Members. 
                                                      
59 WTO document WT/TPR/OV/W/4, 14 June 2011. 
60 WTO document S/FIN/M/64, 27 September 2010.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 63 
 
 
  Box 3:  Domestic transparency of trade measures 
One of the difficulties in removing barriers to trade, incl uding through the Doha Round, has its roots in the lack 
of public awareness of the be nefits from freer trade. 
An element of the TPRM that continues to attract little attention from Members is their agreement to encourage 
and promote greater domestic transparency within their own systems of government decision-making on trade 
policy matters, for the benefit of both their own economies  and the multilateral trading system (Paragraph B of 
the TPRM). 
An obvious reason to encourage dome stic transparency is to make a Me mber's trade policies and practices 
known and predictable at home so that businesses that import and export can plan their decisions on 
investment, production, etc.  This is indeed so obvious that it should hardly need stating in a multilateral trade 
agreement. 
A less obvious reason, and the origin of Paragraph B of the TPRM, is to use transparency to help mobilize 
domestic constituencies in favour of more open trad e policies and against protectionism.  This was first 
suggested in the GATT in the Leutwiler Report of 1985.61  Many governments provide very little information 
about trade and trade-related policies to their domestic  constituents.  Responding to protectionist requests 
typically involves granting favours to sectional interests in society.  Governments are more able to resist 
demands for protection from producer interests if they  are required both to notify their domestic constituents 
who are harmed by trade restrictions (consumers, for example, by higher prices) and to justify publicly their 
decision on whether or not to meet the demands.  In that regard, one proposal in the Leutwiler Report, which 
was not taken up in the TPRM, was to require each Memb er to publish a "protectio n balance sheet" for each of 
its trade policy changes, setting out the costs and benefits  to its domestic economy and to its trading partners. 
Few WTO Members have a mechanism dedicated to in creasing the domestic transparency of their trade 
policies and practices.  The stand-out example of good policy transparency is Australia's Productivity Commission.  The Commission is independent of the Government and has a reputation for producing high 
quality analysis and reports across all areas of economic  policy-making, including trade policy.  Its reports are 
required parts of the formal input into Government decision-making, and the Commission is credited with having played a major role in Aust ralia's successful experience with un ilateral trade liberalization over the 
years.
62  
An additional reason to favour more domestic transpar ency of trade policy-making is to increase economic 
policy coherence among government ministries, particularly  those that have official  responsibilities for matters 
that are covered by the WTO Agreements.  With that in mind, the WTO Secretariat has responded to a number 
of requests to participate in a follow-up seminar after a Member's TPR to help it disseminate and discuss the 
results with other government ministries and, in  some cases, with business, academia, and NGOs. 
 
                                                      
61 Leutwiler, Fritz et al, 1985, Trade Policies for a Better Future:  Proposals for Action" , GATT, 
Geneva.  The Report was commissioned by Director-General  Arthur Dunkel to help bring ideas from politics, 
business and academia into the debate among GATT members over whether or not to launch the Uruguay 
Round negotiations, and it was influential in securing the inclusion of a number of topics in the Round, including the TPRM.
  A subsequent study group led by Olivier Long, an ex-Director-General of the GATT, 
developed this argument in favour of domestic transparen cy further at the time that the TPRM was adopted on a 
provisional basis.  Long, O. et al, 1989, Public Scrutiny of Protection, Domestic Policy Transparency and Trade 
Liberalization , Trade Policy Research Centre , London.  Two more recent st udies provide a critique of 
transparency mechanisms in the WTO,  in particular the TPRM, for failing to help shape domestic politics in 
each Member in favour of better trade policy-making:  Sto eckel, Andrew and Hayden Fisher, 2008, Policy 
Transparency:  Why does it work?  Who does it best? , Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation 
and the Centre for International Economics, Canberra;  Zahrnt, Valentin, 2009, The WTO's Trade Policy Review 
Mechanism:  How to Create Po litical Will for Liberalization , European Centre for International Political 
Economy, Brussels. 
62 http://pc.gov.au/ WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 64  
 
  ANNEX 1 
Trade and Trade-Related Measures1 
(Mid October 2010 - mid October 2011)  
 
VERIFIED INFORMATION  
Country/ 
Member 
State Measure Source/Date Status 
Argentina Initiation on 14 December 2010 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of  bed linen (NCM 6302.60.00; 6302.91.00; 6302.93.00; 
6302.99.10; 6302.99.90) from Brazil WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Initiation on 15 December 2010 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of paper and paperboard, coated on one or both sides with 
kaolin (China clay) or other inor ganic substances, with or without 
a blinder, and with no other coating, whether or not surface-
coloured, surface-decorated or prin ted, in rolls or rectangular 
(including square) sheets, of any size  (NCM 4810.13.89; 
4810.13.90; 4810.19.89; 4810.19.90) from Austria; China; 
Finland; Korea, Rep. of; and the United States WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Initiation on 16 December 2010 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of glass fibres (including glass wool) and articles thereof  
(NCM 7019.39.00) from Mexico WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Temporary export quota (500 tonnes) on certain species of fish 
"Hoplias malabaricus and H.cf  lacerdae" (NCM 0302.69.44; 
0303.79.54) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2010 
Argentina Termination on 28 December 2010 (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on impor ts of polypropylene yarns 
(NCM 5402.48.00; 5402. 59.00) from Brazil (initiated on 
11 February 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Reintroduction of impor t prohibition on used garments 
(NCM 6309.00) (except donations) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Termination on 24 January 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of manual kitchen lighters (NCM 9613.80.00) from China  
(investigation initiated on 11 July 2009, and provisional duty 
imposed on 29 March 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Introduction of non-automatic import licensing requirement 
(Certificado de Importación de Vehículos Automóviles "CIVA") 
for certain motor cars and othe r motor vehicles (of a cylinder 
capacity exceeding 2,500 cc) (N CM 8703.24.10; 8703.24.90; 
8703.33.10; 8703.33.90) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Update of the list of "criteri on values" (valores criterio de carácter 
precautorio) for exports of  cer tain products, i.e. natural honey 
(NCM 0409.00.00); and fresh apples, pears and quinces 
(NCM 0808.10.00; 0808.20.10), for certain specified destinations WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Initiation on 4 March 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of  electric motors of an output exceeding 0.12 KW but not 
exceeding 3 KW (NCM 8501.40.19) from China WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Some flexibilities introduced  to Resolución No. 45/2011 (on non-
automatic import licences) for certain iron and steel products, 
mechanical appliances, and electric lamps (NCM 7219.34.00; 
7306.40.00; 7306.61.00; 7307.29.00; 7307.91.00; 7312.10.90; 
7326.90.90; 8481.10.00; 8481.20.90; 8481.80.99; 8483.40.10; 9405.40.10), and for certain items imported by "direct users".  The 
flexibilities entail that the licences be issued "without delay".  The 
"direct user" status is subject to approval by the Ministry of 
Industry WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
10 March 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd) 
                                                      
1 The inclusion of any measure in this table implies no judgement by the WTO Secretariat on whether 
or not such measure, or its intent, is protectionist in nature.  Moreover, nothing in the table implies any judgement, either direct or  indirect, on the consistency of any measure referred to with the provisions of any 
WTO agreement or such measure's impact on, or relationship with, the global financial crisis.  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 65 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Argentina Termination on 11 March 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of electric pumps (NCM 8413.70.80; 
8413.70.90) from China (in itiated on 16 September 2009) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Extension of the lists of products subject to non-automatic import 
licensing. Products covered are, i.e. motor vehicles, auto-parts, 
motorcycles, bicycles, textiles and clothing, electronic and media equipment's, and informatics equipment's (selected items in 
sections NCM 2916; 2929; 3902; 3919; 3920; 4016; 4810; 4819; 
4821; 5208; 5209; 5211; 5407; 5509; 5513; 5515; 5516; 6005; 
6006; 6506; 6911; 6912; 7007; 7009; 7013; 7014; 7217; 7219; 
7306; 7307; 7308; 7312; 7318; 7326; 7408; 7615; 8202; 8205; 
8207; 8305; 8403; 8409; 8413; 8414; 8418; 8426; 8433; 8450; 
8471; 8472; 8480; 8481; 8482; 8483; 8484; 8501; 8502; 8507; 
8511).  For a few products (NCM 8711.10.00; 8711.20.10; 
8711.20.20; 8711.20.90; 8711.30.00; 8711.40.00; 8711.50.00), importers may benefit from easier procedures subject to the issuance of an exempti on certificate by the Ministry of Production WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Initiation on 31 March 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of  photographic plates, sensitised for X-ray (NCM 3701.10.29) from the United States WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Argentina Termination on 4 April 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
glass wool, agglomerated with th ermosetting phenolic resins, with 
or without covering  from South Africa (imposed on 
19 April 2002) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Argentina Initiation on 7 April 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on imports 
of sunglasses, and frames and m ountings for spectacles, goggles or 
the like, and parts thereof (NCM 9003.11.00; 9003.19.10; 
9003.19.90; 9004.10.00; 9004.90.10) from China WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Initiation on 8 April 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on imports 
of straight slaw blades (NCM 8202.91.00; 8202.99.90) from India WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Termination on 11 April 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of chlorodifluoromethane 
(NCM 2903.49.11) from China (initiatied on 29 September 2009) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Update of the list of "criteri on values" (valores criterio de carácter 
precautorio)  for imports of a va riety of products, i.e. milk and 
cream, plastics, rubber, man-made filaments, man-made staple fibres, knitted or crocheted fabr ics, headgear, ceramic products, 
glass and glassware, other base  metals; cermets, miscellaneous 
articles of base metal, refrigerators and freezers, electrical machinery, optical fibres, musical instruments, miscellaneous 
manufactured articles (NCM 0402; 3907; 3916; 3926; 4008; 4016; 
5407; 5516; 6001; 6005; 6006; 6505; 6912; 7013; 7019; 8104; 
8308; 8418; 8543; 9001; 9209; 9606; 9607), from specific origins  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Argentina Termination on 2 May 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of electri cal ignition or starting equipment 
of a kind used for spark-ignition or compression-ignition internal 
combustion engines (for exampl e, ignition magnetos, magneto-
dynamos, ignition coils, sparking plugs and glow plugs, starter 
motors), generators (NCM 8511.30.20; 8511.80.30; 8511.80.90; 9032.89.11) from China (in itiated on 2 November 2009) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/195/ARG, 
22 February 2010 and 
Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO 
(17 October 2011)    
Argentina Termination on 3 May 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of certain oil country tubular goods 
(NCM 7304.29.10; 7304.29.31; 7304.29.39; 7304.29.90; 
7306.29.00) from China (in itiated on 3 November 2009) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/ARG, 3 October 2011   
Argentina Termination on 20 May 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
austenitic stainless steel pipes a nd tubes from Brazil and Chinese 
Taipei (imposed on 21 May 2003) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/ARG, 3 October 2011   
Argentina Termination on 6 June 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
flat rolled products of iron or non alloy steel from Brazil, Russian 
Federation, and Ukraine (imposed on 10 December 1999) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/ARG, 3 October 2011   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 66  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Argentina Termination on 17 June 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of  
herbicides from Japan (imposed on 25 June 2002) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/ARG, 
3 October 2011   
Argentina Termination on 18 July 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of air conditioning machines (NCM 
8415.10.11; 8415.83.00; 8418.69.40) from Korea, Rep. of;  
Malaysia; Thailand; and Viet Nam (initiated on 16 February 2010) Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO 
(17 October 2011)    
Argentina Initiation on 27 July 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of unglazed ceramic flags an d paving, hearth or wall tiles; 
unglazed ceramic mosaic cubes and the like, whether or not on a backing (NCM 6907.90.00) from China Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO 
(17 October 2011)    
Argentina Initiation on 2 August 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of poly(vinyl chloride ), not mixed with any other 
substances (NCM 3904.10.10) from the United States Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO (17 October 2011)    
Argentina Initiation on 2 August 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of  polyethers ( polieter poliol copolímero ) (NCM 
3907.20.39) from the United States Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO (17 October 2011)    
Argentina Termination on 10 August 2011 (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of butcher's or kitchen knives 
having fixed blades (NCM 8211.92.10) from Brazil and China 
(initiated on 26 March 2009) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/195/ARG, 
22 February 2010 and 
Permanent Delegation of Argentina to the WTO (17 October 2011)    
Argentina Temporary reduction of export tariffs " derecho de exportación " on 
fish and crustaceans (NCM 0304; 0305) , prepared or preserved fish 
(NCM 1604), and on prepared or preserved crustaceans  (NCM 
1605)   Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO (17 October 2011)  Effective 
18 August 2011 to 
18 February 2012 
Argentina Update of the list of "criterion values" ( valores criterio de carácter 
precautorio )  for imports of a variety of  products, i.e. screw, bolts, 
coach screws, screw hooks, rivets, cotters, cotter-pins, washers and similar articles of iron or steel, a nd nails of copper;  poly(ethylene 
terephthalate); parts and accessories of motor vehicles;  plates, 
sheets, film, foil and strip, of  plastics, non-cellular and not 
reinforced, laminated, supported or similarly combined with other materials; articles of leather, saddlery and harness, travel goods, 
handbags; spectacle lenses; woven fabrics of synthetic filamet 
yarn; conveyor or transmission be lts or belting, of vulcanised 
rubber; synthetic filamet yarn (other than sewing thread);  
synthetic staple fibres;  toys, playing cards;  plates, sheets, fil, foil 
ans strip of polyurethanes; cotton yarn;  yarn of synthetic staple fibres; spectacles, goggles and their frame and mountings; 
electronic sound or visual signalling apparatus; electrical apparatus 
for switching or protecting electri cal circuits; woven fabrics of 
cotton; transmission shafts and cr anks; and paper and paperboard; 
woven fabrics of synthetic staple fibres, woven fabrics of artificial 
staple fibres (NCM Chapters 39; 40; 42; 48; 52; 54; 55; 73; 74; 76; 
84; 85; 87; 90; 95), from specific origins (implementation of the measure on various dates) Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO 
(17 October 2011)    
Argentina Update of the lis t of "reference values" ( valores referenciales de 
carácter preventivo ) for exports of  milk and cream in powder, 
concentrated or containing added sugar or other sweetening matter 
(NCM 0402.21.10; 1901.90.90), for certain specified destinations Resolución General AFIP 
No. 3173 (29 August 2011)   
Argentina Termination on 5 September 2011 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of polystyrene foam trays (NCM 3923.90.00) from 
Uruguay (imposed on 5 September 2008) Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO (17 
October 2011)    
Argentina, 
Brazil, 
Paraguay 
and Uruguay (Mercosur) Temporary authorization to increase the Mercosur Common Tariff 
applied rates, but not over thei r bound levels, for imports of 
14 tariff lines (certain toys: NCM 9503.00.10; 9503.00.21; 
9503.00.22; 9503.00.31; 9503.00.39; 9503.00.40; 9503.00.50; 9503.00.60; 9503.00.70; 9503.00.80; 9503.00.91; 9503.00.97; 9503.00.98; 9503.00.99) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 April 2011 to 31 December 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 67 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Argentina, 
Brazil, 
Paraguay 
and 
Uruguay 
(Mercosur) Temporary increase of the Mercosur Common Tariff (to 35%) for 
imports of prepared or preserved peaches, including nectarines 
(NCM 2008.70.10; 2008.70.90). Paraguay given a waiver on this measure WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 
2011 Effective 
1 April 2011 to 
31 December 2011 
Argentina, 
Brazil, 
Paraguay and 
Uruguay 
(Mercosur) Creation of  new tariff lines (NCM 8415.90.10; 8415.90.20) with 
an import tariff of 18%, resulting in an increase of import tariffs 
(from 14%) on air conditioning machines "split-system" Resolución No. 3/11 del 
Grupo Mercado Común 
(17 June 2011) Effective 
1 October 2011 
Argentina, 
Brazil, 
Paraguay and 
Uruguay 
(Mercosur) Creation of a new tariff line (NCM 8431.49.22) with an import 
tariff of 14%, resulting in an increase of import tariffs (from zero) 
on caterpillars/crawlers ( orugas ) Resolución No. 13/11 del 
Grupo Mercado Común 
(27 June 2011)   
Australia Termination on 20 January 2011 (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on impor ts of linear-low density 
polyethylene (LLDPE), in various grades, in pelletised form, with 
a density of less than 0.94 g/cm3  (HS 3901.10.00; 3901.90.00) 
from Canada; Korea, Rep. of; a nd the United States (initiated on 
30 July 2010)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Australia Additional consumer price i ndex adjustment for the calculation of 
new rates of customs duties for cer tain products such as alcoholic 
beverages (HS 2203; 2204; 2205; 2206; 2207; 2208) and tobacco products (HS 2401; 2402; 2403) resulting in increase of the customs and excise duties WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 February 2011 
Australia Termination on 3 March 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of "hollow structural sections"- electric resistance welded pipes made of carbon steel, comprising circular hollow sections or 
rectangular or square hollow sections, galvanized and non-
galvanized (HS 7306.30.00; 7306.61.00; 7306.69.00) from China 
(imposed on 25 May 2007)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Australia Initiation on 15 April 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of pineapple fruit prepared or preserved in containers not 
exceeding one litre "consumer pin eapple"  (HS 2008.20.00) from 
Thailand (Thai Pineapple Canning Industry Corp Ltd)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Australia Additional safety screening measures on some food items imported 
from certain regions of Japan, as a result of the nuclear crisis WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Australia Termination on 5 June 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of  
mobile garbage bins (HS 3924.90.00) from Malaysia (imposed on 6 June 2006) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/AUS, 7 October 2011 
  
Australia Additional consumer price i ndex adjustment for the calculation of 
new rates of customs duties for cer tain products such as alcoholic 
beverages (HS 2203; 2204; 2205; 2206; 2207; 2208) and tobacco 
products (HS 2401; 2402; 2403) resulting in increase of the 
customs and excise duties Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO (3 October 2011)  Effective 
1 August 2011 
Australia Termination on 7 Septem ber 2011 (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of  pineapple fruit prepared or 
preserved in containers  ex ceeding one litre (food service and 
industrial "FSI" pineapple) (HS 2008.20.00) from Indonesia 
(initiated on 15 April 2011) Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(3 October 2011)    
Australia Termination on 7 Septem ber 2011 (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of   pineapple fruit prepared or 
preserved in containers not  exceeding one litre "consumer 
pineapple" (HS 2008.20.00) fr om Indonesia (initiated on 
15 April 2011) Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO (3 October 2011)    
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 68  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Australia Initiation on 9 September 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of single and multi-core ca bles insulated with polymeric 
materials intended for use in electric installations at working voltages up to and including 1 kV (HS 8544.49.20) from China Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(3 October 2011)    
Australia Initiation on 9 September 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of structural timber, being coniferous wood that is sawn or 
chipped lengthwise (HS 4407.10.10; 4407.10.99) from Austria, 
Canada, Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Lithuania, Sweden, 
and the United States Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(3 October 2011)    
Australia Initiation on 19 September 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of "hollow structural sections" - certain electric resistance 
welded pipe and tube made of carbon steel, comprising circular and non-circular hollow sections in galvanised and non-galvanised 
finishes (HS 7306.30.00; 7306.69.00) from China; Korea, Rep. of; 
Malaysia; Chinese Taipei; and Thailand Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(17 October 2011)    
Australia Initiation on 19 September 2011 of countervailing investigation on 
imports of "hollow structural sections" - certain electric resistance 
welded pipe and tube made of carbon steel, comprising circular and non-circular hollow sections in galvanised and non-galvanised finishes (HS 7306.30.00; 7306.69.00) from China Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(17 October 2011)    
Australia Termination on 10 October 2011 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of pineapple fruit prepared or preserved in containers not 
exceeding one litre "consumer pi neapple" (HS 2008.20.00) from 
China (imposed on 11 October 2006) Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO (17 October 2011)    
Australia "Buy Australia at Home and Abroad" scheme which foresees 
additional funding in the domestic 2011-12 budget to reinforce 
local firm's competitive position in procurement bids  Permanent Delegation of 
Australia to the WTO 
(17 October 2011)  Announced in 
May 2011 
Azerbaijan Temporary elimination of import tariffs and value added tax on 
scientific instruments and equipment  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
13 December 2010 
to 1 January 2016 
Azerbaijan Temporary elimination of import tariffs and value added tax on 
certain products to be used on the development of the non-oil sector  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
25 January 2011 
Azerbaijan New Decree implementing certain measures simplifying and 
increasing transparency in  customs procedures   WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Azerbaijan Adoption of a new Custom s Code  Permanent Delegation of 
Azerbaijan to the United Nations (3 October 2011) Effective 
24 June 2011 
Belarus Introduction of non-automatic licensing requirement for exports of 
rubber pneumatic tyres (HS 4011.10.00) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 November 2010 
Belarus Introduction of non-automatic licensing requirement  for imports 
of malt beer from Ukraine (HS 2203.00.01; 2203.00.09) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
3 January 2011 
Belarus Termination on 18 January 2011 (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on imports  of malt beer (HS 2203.00.09) 
from Ukraine (initiated on 8 April 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Belarus Temporary restriction on exports of rapeseed oil (HS 1514), 
rapeseed and flax (HS 1204.00; 1205)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
16 March 2011 to 16 September 2011 
Belarus Increase of export tariffs on certain fuels, i.e. petroleum oils, oils 
obtained from bituminous minera ls, petroleum gases, certain 
hydrocarbons, waxes and residues of petroleum oils, and oils 
obtained from bituminous minera ls  (HS 2709.00.90; 2710.19.51; 
2710.99.00; 2711.12; 2711.19.00; 2712; 2713). Exports to 
Kazakhstan and Russian Fe deration exempted   Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the United Nations (19 October 2011) Effective 
1 May 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 69 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Belarus Reduction of export tariffs on certa in fuels, i.e. petroleum oils, oils 
obtained from bituminous minera ls, petroleum gases, certain 
hydrocarbons, waxes and residues of petroleum oils, and oils 
obtained from bituminous mine rals  (HS 2709.00; 2710.11.11; 
2710.11.25; 2710.11.31; 2710.11.41; 2710.11.59; 2710.11.70; 2710.11.90; 2710.19.11; 2710.19.49; 2712.90.11; 2712.90.19; 
2713.12.00; 2902.20.00; 2902.43.00) Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the United 
Nations (19 October 2011) Effective 1 May 
2011 
Belarus Termination on 20 Septem ber 2011  of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of caramel not containing cocoa (HS 1704.90.71; 
1704.90.75), and caramel  containing cocoa (HS 1806.90.50) from Ukraine (imposed on 23 August 2008)   Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the United 
Nations (19 October 2011)   
Belarus Temporary  export ban on certain  products, i.e. linseed, whether or 
not broken (HS 1204.00); rape of colza seeds, whether or not 
broken (HS 1205.10.90; 1205.90.00); rape, colza or mustard oil 
and fraction thereof, whether or not refined, but not chemically 
modified  (HS 1514.11.90; 1514.19.90; 1514.91.90; 1514.99.90);  
fixed vegetable oils, fluid, fi xed (HS 1517.90.91); and edible 
mixtures or preparations of a kind used as mould-release 
preparations (HS 1517.90.93) Permanent Delegation of 
Belarus to the United Nations (19 October 2011) Effective 
21 September 2011 to 21 March 2012 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs (from 5% and 10% to zero) on special 
portal machinery (HS 8426.12.00; 8426.30.00; 8426.41.00) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
13 November 2010 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation Elimination of import tariffs (from 5% to zero) on cooking coal 
(HS 2701.12.10) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
18 November 2010 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan
, Russian 
Federation Temporary reduction of import tariffs (from 5% and 15% to zero) 
on certain food products, i.e. seed potatoes, potatoes for the 
manufacture of starch, white cabbages, buckwheat for sowing 
(HS 0701; 0702; 0703; 0704; 1008.10) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
23 November 2010 
to 1 June 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation Increase of import tariffs (from zero to 5%) on elevators 
(HS 8428.32.00) and conveyors (HS 8428.39.90) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
15 December 2010 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Increase of export tariffs on copper cathode (HS 7403.11.00) (from 
zero to 10%), and not alloyed nickel (HS 7502.10.00) (from 5% to 
10%) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
19 December 2010 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation Reduction of import tariffs (from 5% to zero) on compounded 
rubber (HS 4005.99.00)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
21 December 2010 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation Temporary introduction of tariff rate quotas on imports of certain 
food products, i.e. bovine meat (HS 0201; 0202), pork and pork 
trimmings (HS 0203), and poultry (HS 0207) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 to 
31 December 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Reduction of import tariffs on certain products, i.e. (from 5% to 
zero) on heparin and its salts (HS 3001.90.91); and (from 25% to 
15%) on dumpers designed for off-highway use (HS 8704.10.10) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
7 January 2011 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation Temporary reduction of import tariffs (from 15% to 5%) on paper 
and paperboard weighing less than 150 g/m
2, of a kind used as a 
base for photosensitive, heat-sensitiv e or electro-sensitive paper or 
paperboard (HS 4810.13.80; 4810.19.90; 4810.22.10; 4810.29.30) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
28 January 2011  
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation Initiation on 11 February 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of colour-coated steel (HS 7210.70.80; 7210.90.30; 7210.90.80; 7212.40.80; 7212.60.00; 7225.99.00) from China  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs (f rom 10% to zero) on self-propelled 
railway coaches (HS 8603.10.00) and railway coaches, not self-
propelled (HS 8605.00.00) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
16 February 2011 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation Elimination of import tariffs (from 10% to zero) on certain types of 
flour and cereal products (HS 1103.19.90; 1104.29.18; 1104.29.30) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
17 February 2011 to 
30 June 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation Increase of import tariffs (from 5% to 10%, but not less than 
€0.15/kg (US$0.21/kg)) on nonw ovens, whether or not 
impregnated, coated, covered or  laminated weighing more than 
150g/m2 (HS 5603.94.90)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
24 February 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, Russian Federation Temporary elimination of import tariffs (to zero) on certain types 
of grains, i.e. durum wheat, common wheat, meslin, rye, barley, 
oats, and corn (HS 1001; 10 02; 1003.00; 1004.00; 1005) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 March 2011 to 
30 June 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation Reduction of import tariffs (from 15% to 5%) on  certain 
refrigerators and freezers equipment (HS 8418.99.10)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
17 March 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation Temporary reduction of import tariffs on palm oil and its fractions, 
whether or not refined, but not  chemically modified (HS 1511) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
17 March 2011  
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Temporary reduction of import tariffs (to US$50/tonne) on certain 
types of sugar (HS 1701.11.10; 1701.11.90; 1701.91.00) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
31 March 2011 to 
30 April 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation Introduction of specific import ta riff (€0.3/kg (US$0.4/kg)) on top 
of current import duty (15%) on chain and parts of iron and steel 
the constituent material with a maximum cross-sectional 
dimension of 16 mm or less (HS 7315.82) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
4 April 2011  
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation Temporary elimination of import tariffs (to zero) on certain food 
products, i.e. bulb onions and shallots (HS 0703.10.19), carrots 
(HS 0706.10.00), and beetroots (HS 0706.90.90) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
4 April 2011 to 
30 June 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation Creation (merge) of a new tariff line (HS 7105.10.00 - diamonds) 
with an import tariff of 10%, resulting in an increase of import 
tariffs on dust and powder of natural or synthetic precious or semi-
precious stones (HS 7105.10.00.01) (from 5% to 10%); and in a 
decrease of import tariffs on other diamonds (HS 7105.10.00.09) 
(from 20% to 10%) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
7 April 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation Temporary elimination of import tariffs on civil aircraft 
(HS 8802.40.00) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation Reduction of import tariffs (from 10% to 5%) on  monofilament 
(HS 5404)  Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
13 May 2011 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation Temporary elimination of import tariffs (to zero) on certain 
synthetic filament yarn (HS 5402.20. 00) and  fresh or chilled fish 
"capelin" (HS 0302.69.99)  Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United 
Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
19 May 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation  Elimination of import tariffs (from 5% to zero) on oilcake and 
other solid residues, whether or not ground or in the form of 
pellets, resulting from the ex traction of soya-bean oil 
(HS 2304.00.00)  Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United 
Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
31 July 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation  Temporary elimination of import tariffs (to zero) on natural 
calcium phosphates, natural aluminium calcium phosphates, and 
phosphatic chalk (HS 2510.20.00)  Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
10 June 2011 to 
31 December 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation  Elimination of import tariffs (to zero) on crude  oil (HS 2709.00.90) Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
28 June 2011 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation  Temporary increase of import tari ffs (5%) on multi-ply paper and 
paperboard with each la yer bleached (HS 4810.92.10)  Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian Federation to the United Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
1 September 2011 to 
29 August 2012 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation  Increase of import tariffs (from zero to 5%) on continuous-action 
elevators and conveyors for goods  and materials, specially 
designed for underground (HS 8428.31.00); and mobile hydraulic-
powered mine roof supporters (HS 8479.89.30) Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United 
Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
1 September 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation  Elimination of import tariffs (from 15% to zero) on tractors, used 
for laying skiing tracks (HS 8701.30.10) Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United 
Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
1 September 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation  Increase of import tariffs (from zero to 5%) on certain agricultural 
machinery, i.e. disc harrows (HS 8432.21.00; 8432.30.19); and 
pick-up balers (HS 8433.40.10)  Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 1 
September 2011 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation  Temporary elimination of import tariffs (to zero) on certain types 
of puree and concentrates used for the production of juices (HS 2007.99.57; 2007.99.98; 2008.50.61; 2008.70.61)  Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United 
Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
1 September 2011 to 31 May 2012 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation  Increase of import tariffs (from zero to 5%) on sprayers and 
powder distributors designed to be mounted on or drawn by 
tractors (HS 8424.81.91); beet-topping machines and beet 
harvesters (HS 8433.53.30); and other harvesting machinery 
(HS 8433.59.80) Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United 
Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
1 September 2011 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation  Introduction of a specific import tariff (€5/unit (US$7/unit)) in 
replacement of ad valorem import duty (10%) on liquid-filled 
radiators (HS 8516.29.10)  Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian Federation to the United Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
1 September 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation  Introduction of import/export ban/re striction on raw, tanned and 
dressed fur skin (or piece/cuttings th ereof) of harp seal and their 
white coat pups (HS 4301.80.99; 4301.90.00; 4302.19.41; 
4302.19.49; 4302.20.00; 4302.30.51; 4302.30.55) Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United 
Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
20 August 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation  Introduction of a temporary specific import tariff (safeguard) 
(US$282.4/tonne) on certain types of  fasteners (bolts and nuts) 
(HS 7318.15.81; 7318.15.89; 7318.15.90; 7318.16.91; 7318.16.99; 
7318.21.00) Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United 
Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
20 August 2011 to 
17 March 2014 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation  Introduction of a temporary specific import tariff (safeguard) 
(US$1.4/kg) on tableware of stainless steel (HS 8211.91.30; 
8215.20.10; 8215.99.10) Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
20 August 2011 to 
26 December 2012 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation  Introduction of a temporary specific import tariff  (safeguard)  on 
tubes of stainless steel with an external diameter not exceeding 
426 mm  (HS 7304.11.10; 7304.11.30; 7304.11.90; 7304.41.00; 
7304.49.10; 7304.49.92; 7304.49.99; 7306.11.11; 7306.11.19; 
7306.11.90; 7306.40.20; 7306.40.80) (9.9% but not less than 
US$1,500/tonne) Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United 
Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
20 August 2011 to 1 November 2012 
Belarus, Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation  Elimination of import and expor t licensing requirement on drugs 
used in veterinary medicine s (HS 2922; 2930; 2932; 2936; 2937; 
2938; 2939; 2941; 3001; 3002; 3003; 3004; 3006; 3401; 3402; 
3808; 3822) Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United 
Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
1 October 2011 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian 
Federation  Update of the import/export licensi ng requirement list of narcotics 
psychotropic agents and their precursors resulting in the 
incorporation of 22 HS tariff lines (HS 1209; 1211; 2806; 2807; 
2812; 2902; 2903; 2905; 2912; 2915; 2916; 2920; 2921; 2922; 
2924; 2926; 2932; 2933; 2934) and the removal of 14 HS tariff 
lines (HS 2804; 2806; 2807; 2841; 2909; 2914; 2915; 2916; 2922; 
2924, 2932; 2939; 3003, 3004) Permanent Delegations of 
Belarus and the Russian 
Federation to the United 
Nations (17 October 2011) Effective 
1 October 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, 
Russian Federation  Creation of new tariff lines (HS 3104; 3214; 4011; 4202; 7220; 
7607; 8105; 8430; 8462; 8517; 8528; 8905) in some cases resulting 
in an increase of import tariffs and other cases in a decrease of 
import tariffs Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation to 
the United Nations (17 October 2011)   
Bolivia, 
(Plurinational 
State of)  Temporary export restrictions of certain products, i.e. soya beans 
(HS 1201.00.10; 1201.00.90); sunflower seeds (HS 1206.00.90); flours and meals of oil seeds or oleaginous fruits (HS 1208.10.00); 
oil-cake and other solid residues of soyabean oil (HS 2304.00.00); 
and  oil-cake and other solid residues (HS 2306.30.00), under a 
new Food Security Policy  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Bolivia 
(Plurinational 
State of) Temporary elimination of import tariffs on certain products (45 HS 
tariff lines), i.e. seeds (HS 1207; 1209), salt (HS 2501),  natural 
calcium phosphates (HS 2510), vaccines (HS 3002), medicaments 
(HS 3004), and machinery and mechanical appliances (HS 8432; 
8433; 8436; 8437; 8438),  under a new Food Security Policy Decreto Supremo No. 0943 
(2 August 2011) Effective until 
August 2016 
Brazil Initiation on 23 November 2010 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of  plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of poly(ethylene 
terephthalate) of a width not le ss than 5 micrometre but not 
exceeding 50 micrometre (N CM 3920.62.19; 3920.62.91; 
3920.62.99) from Mexico, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Brazil Initiation on 10 December 2010 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of light weight coat ed paper (NCM 4810.22.90) from 
Belgium, Canada, Finland,  Ge rmany, Sweden, Switzerland, and 
the United States WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Brazil Temporary tariff increase on imports of tools for pressing, 
stamping or punching (from 14% to 25%, NCM 8207.30.00), and 
of mould for metal (from 14% to 30%, NCM 8480.41.00) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Brazil Temporary tariff reduction (to 2%) on imports of two Information 
Technology (IT) produts and extension of tariff reduction on 
21 IT products (NCM Chapter 85)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective until 
30 June 2012 
Brazil Temporary tariff reduction (t o 2%) on imports of 226 capital goods 
and extension of tariff reduction on 316 products 
(NCM Chapters 39; 82; 84; 85; 86; 89; 90)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
30 June 2012 
Brazil Initiation on 21 December 2010 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of line pipe up to 5 inches (NCM 7304.19.00) from China  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Brazil Initiation on 22 December 2010 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of stainless steel cookw are (NCM 7323.93.00) from China 
and India WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Brazil Temporary tariff increase (from 20% to 35% ) on imports of toys 
(14 lines in NCM 9503.00)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Brazil Extension of a temporary tariff elimination (from 12% to zero) on 
imports of terephthalic acid a nd its salts (NCM 2917.36.00), under 
an import quota of 150,000 metric tonnes WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective from 
11 February 2011 to 31 July 2011 
Brazil Initiation on 6 April 2011 of anti- dumping investigation on imports 
of citric acid (NCM 2918.14.00; 2918.15.00) from China  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Brazil Initiation on 18 April 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of flat-rolled products of ir on or non-alloy steel, of a width 
of 600 mm or more, clad, plated or coated (NCM 7210.30.10; 
7210.49.10; 7210.61.00; 7210.70.10) from Australia; China; India; 
Korea, Rep. of; and Mexico WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Brazil Extension of the temporary elimination of import tariffs (from 10% 
to zero) on cotton (NCM 5201.00.20; 5201.00.90) (quota 
250,000 tonnes) (originally implemented on 14 September 2010 
and effective until 31 May 2011) Camex Resolution No. 27 
(5 May 2011) Effective until 
30 June 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 73 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Brazil Initiation on 16 May 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of pile fabrics, incl uding "long pile" fabrics and terry 
fabrics, knitted or crocheted  (NCM 6001. 10.20) from China 
(possible circumvention of anti-dumping measures of imports of 
synthetic fibre blankets (NCM 6301.40.00) from China (imposed 
on 29 April 2010))  Secex Circular No. 20 
(13 May 2011) and WTO 
document 
G/ADP/N/202/BRA, 
6 September 2010   
Brazil Initiation on 16 May 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of synthetic fibre bl ankets (NCM 6301.40.00) from 
Paraguay and Uruguay (possible circumvention of anti-dumping 
measures of imports from China imposed on 29 April 2010)  Secex Circular No. 20 
(13 May 2011) and WTO 
document G/ADP/N/202/BRA, 6 September 2010   
Brazil Temporary reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) on: 4,4'-
isopropylidenediphenol (bisphenol A, diphenylolpropane) and its 
salts (NCM 2907.23.00) (quota 3,000 tonnes); and flat rolled 
products of iron or non-alloy steel (of a thickness exceeding 10 mm), of a width of 600 mm or more, hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated (NCM 7208.51.00) (quota 30,000 tonnes) Camex Resolution No. 34 
(17 May 2011) Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Brazil Termination on 20 May 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  heavy plates (NCM 7208.51.00; 
7208.52.00)  from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 
Mexico, Chinese Taipei, and Turk ey (initiated on 26 August 2010) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/209/BRA, 
28 March 2011 and Secex 
Circular No. 23 
(19 May 2011)   
Brazil Temporary reduction of import tariffs on certain products: (to zero) 
hepatitis B vaccine for huma n (NCM 3002.20 .23) (quota 
33 million doses); and rabies vaccine for human 
(NCM 3002.20.29) (quota 3 million doses); and (to 2%) palm 
kernel or babassu oil and fr actions (NCM 1513.29.10) (quota 
222,500 tonnes) Camex Resolution No. 39 
(31 May 2011)   
Brazil Initiation on 7 June 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on imports 
of unwrought magnesium containi ng at least 99.8% by weight of 
magnesium (NCM 8104.11.00) from the Russian Federation Secex Circular No. 29 
(6 June 2011)   
Brazil Initiation on 8 June 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on imports 
of polymeric MDI (NCM 3909.30.20) from Belgium, China, and 
the United States WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/BRA, 
23 September 2011   
Brazil Initiation on 13 June 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of cutlery made of stainl ess steel of the category superior 
or luxury (NCM 8211.10.00; 8211.91.00; 8215.20.00; 8215.99.10) 
from China WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/BRA, 
23 September 2011   
Brazil Temporary reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) on mixed 
alkylbenzenes (NCM 3817.00.10) (quota 3,000 tonnes) Camex Resolution No. 41 
(14 June 2011)   
Brazil Temporary reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) on titanium oxides 
(NCM 2823.00.10) (quota 6,000 tonnes) Camex Resolution No. 43 
(21 June 2011)   
Brazil Termination on 22 July 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  stainless steel cookware 
(NCM 7323.93.00) from India (i nitiated on 22 December 2010) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/209/BRA, 
28 March 2011 and Secex 
Circular No. 38 
(21 July 2011)   
Brazil Adoption of the Convention on Temporary Admission (Istanbul 
Convention of 26 June 1990) Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(30 September 2011)    
Brazil Introduction of "Buy Brazil" clause on government procurement 
(up to 25% preference for local products and services) under a new 
Decree establishing an Inter-Mi nisterial Commission on public 
procurement  Decreto 7546/11 
(2 August 2011)   
Brazil Temporary elimination of impor t tariffs (to zero) on terephthalic 
acid and its salts (NCM 2917.36.00) (quota 135,000 tonnes) Camex Resolution No. 58 
(12 August 2011) Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Brazil Revised customs procedures on imports of textiles and clothing 
(NCM Chapters 61 and 62) under the "Panos Quentes III" scheme. 
Goods  passing through the "grey" and "red" customs procedures 
now subject to physical inspection by sampling  Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(14 October 2011)  Effective 
17 August 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Brazil Temporary reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) on flat-rolled 
products of iron or non-alloy steel, not in coils, not further worked 
than hot-rolled of a thickness ex ceeding 10 mm (NCM 7208.51.00) 
(quota 4,000 tonnes)  Camex Resolution No. 59 
(29 August 2011) Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Brazil Temporary reduction of import ta riffs (to 2%) on coated paper and 
paper board  (NCM 4810.13.90) (q uota 2,500 tonnes) and flanges 
(NCM 7307.91.00) (quota 90 tonnes)  Camex Portaria No. 30 
(2 September 2011) Effective until 
29 February 2012 
Brazil Revised legislations modifyi ng the time-frame (up to 90 days) for 
collecting anti-dumping a nd countervailing duties Camex Resolution No. 64 
(9 September 2011) and 
Portaria No. 35 (11 October 2011)   
Brazil Initiation on 12 September 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of yarn (other than sewing thread) of synthetic and 
artificial staple fibres " fios compostos por pelo menos 50% de 
fibras de viscose "  (NCM 5509.51.00; 5510.11.00; 5510.12.00; 
5510.20.00; 5510.30.00; 5510.90.00; 5511.30.00) from Turkey and Viet Nam Secex Circular No. 44 
(9 September 2011)   
Brazil Initiation on 12 September 2011 of  countervailing investigation on 
imports of yarn (other than sewing thread) of synthetic and 
artificial staple fibres " fios de viscose "  (NCM 5509.51.00; 
5510.11.00; 5510.12.00; 5510.20.00; 5510.30.00; 5510.90.00; 
5511.30.00) from India, Indonesia, and Thailand Secex Circular No. 45 
(9 September 2011)   
Brazil Reduction of the IPI ( Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados)  
internal industrial tax on certain items of the car industry (i.e. cars, 
lorries, and commercial trucks) for companies fulfilling specific 
requirements on: local content (at least 65%), investment 
provisions (invest at least 0.5% of after-tax income in R&D in Brazil). Manufacturers have two months to prove that they produce 
65% or more of their components in Brazil, or to adjust its 
production chain and  assembly operations. Decree No. 7567 also 
established higher IPI rates (rangi ng from 30% to 55%) applicable 
until 31 December 2012 on vehicles (NCM 8701; 8703; 8704) Decree No. 7.567/11 
(15 September 2011) Effective 
15 September 2011 
to 31 December 2012 
Brazil Increase of import tariffs (from 12% to 35%) on ceramic tiles 
(NCM 6907) (included in its national list of exemptions to the 
Mercosur Common Tariff)  Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(14 October 2011)  Effective 
15 September 2011 
Brazil Temporary reduction of import tariffs (to 2% and zero) on 
3,779 capital goods and 111 integrated systems 
(NCM Chapters 73, 81, 84, 85, 87, 90, 94), through the "ex-out" 
regime (mechanism designed to temporarily reduce import tariffs 
on capital goods and informatics and telecommunication 
equipment not locally produced) Camex Resolutions 
Nos. 27, 28, 29, 35, 36, 47, 
48, 50, 51, 56, 57, 68 and 70 (various dates) Effective until 
31 December 2012 
Brazil Initiation on 4 October 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of certain parts of footwear (uppers, soles and heels) 
(NCM 6406.10.00; 6406.20.00; 6409.99.00) from China, 
Indonesia, and Viet Nam (possibl e circumvention of anti-dumping 
measures imposed on 5 March 2010) Secex Circular No. 48 
(30 September 2011)   
Brazil Temporary reduction of import tariffs (to 2%) on certain products, 
i.e. 6-Hexanelactam (epsilon- caprolactam)  (NCM 2933.71.00) 
(quota 45,000 tonnes) (effective un til 5 October 2012); flat rolled 
products of stainless steel, of a width of less than 600 mm 
(NCM 7220.90.00) (quota 70 tonnes) (effective until 5 February 
2012); and articles of iron and steel (NCM 7326.90.90) (quota 
1,500 tonnes) (effective until 5 April 2012) Camex Resolution No. 72 
(5 October 2011) and 
Portaria No. 36 
(13 October 2011) 
  
Brazil Temporary reduction of import tariffs  (to 2%) on 16 capital goods 
tariff lines (NCM 8419; 8421;8431;  8439; 8457; 8458; 8464; 8471; 
8477; 8502; 9024; 9027; 9031)  Camex Resolution No. 74 
(5 October 2011) Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
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Brazil Specific regulations on governme nt contracts for the deployment, 
maintenance and improvement of  information technology and 
communication systems, under whic h bidding may be limited to 
goods and services whose technology  is locally developed and are 
produced in accordance with the basic production process.  For 
such contracts to be considered  strategic a joint act by three 
Ministries is required Permanent Delegation of 
Brazil to the WTO 
(14 October 2011)    
Canada Termination on 1 November  2010 (finding rescinded) of anti-
dumping duties on refined suga r (HS 1701.91.90; 1701.99.90; 
1702.90) from Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom (imposed on 6 November 1995)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Canada Termination on 1 Novemb er 2010 (finding rescinded) of 
countervailing duties on refi ned sugar (HS 1701.91.90; 
1701.99.90; 1702.90) from the EU (imposed on 6 November 1995)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Canada Termination on 6 December  2010 (finding rescinded) of anti-
dumping duties on imports of waterproof footwear and bottoms 
(HS 6401.10.19;6401.10.20;  6401.92.11; 6401.92.12; 6401.92.92; 
6401.99.12; 6401.99.19; 6401.99.20; 6402.19.90; 6402.91.90; 6403.19.90; 6403.40.00; 6403.91.00; 6404.11.99; 6404.19.90) from China (imposed on 8 December 2000)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Canada Enhance border and import c ontrols on imports of all food and 
animal feed products from certain regions of Japan, as a result of the nuclear crisis WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Border controls 
effective 
24 March 2011, and 
import controls effective 1 April 2011 
Canada Elimination of one item from the import control list, i.e. other cuts 
of swine frozen (HS 0203.29.00)  (repealing Surtax Order (item 194)) Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO (5 October 2011)  Effective 
29July 2011 
Canada Termination on 15 August 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of flat hot-rolled carbon and a lloy steel sheet and strip 
(HS 7208.25; 7208.26; 7208.27; 7208.36; 7208.37; 7208.38; 
7208.39; 7208.53; 7208.54; 7208.90; 7211.13; 7211.14; 7211.19; 
7211.90; 7225.30; 7225.40; 7225.99; 7226.20; 7226.91; 7226.99) 
from South Africa (imposed on 17 August 2001) Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(5 October 2011)    
Canada Initiation on 12 September 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of oil country tubular goods pup joints, made of carbon or 
alloy steel, welded or seamless, h eat-treated or not heat-treated 
(HS 7304.29.00) from China   Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO 
(5 October 2011)    
Canada Initiation on 12 September 2011 of countervailing investigation on 
imports of oil country tubular goods pup joints, made of carbon or 
alloy steel, welded or seamless, h eat-treated or not heat-treated 
(HS 7304.29.00) from China   Permanent Delegation of 
Canada to the WTO (5 October 2011)    
Chile Termination on 11 February 2011 (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on imports  of melamine covered board 
(HS 4410.11) from Austria (initiated on 10 March 2010) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/CHL, 
14 October 2011   
Chile Initiation on 18 June 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of wheat (HS 1101.00.00) from Argentina WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/CHL, 
14 October 2011 Provisional duty 
imposed on 
1 October 2011 
China Termination of the import bans on poultry products (HS 0207) 
originating in: Idaho and Kent ucky (USA) (13 December 2010), 
Greece (15 December 2010), Manitoba - Canada (15 December 2010), Sweden (17 January 2011), and Turkey (17 January 2011), due to low pathogenic avian influenza WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
China Import ban on poultry products (HS 0207) from Morbihan - France 
(12 January 2011), and Gotlands - Sweden (23 February 2011), 
due to Newcastle disease  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
China Import ban on artiodactyl and artiodactyl products from Bulgaria 
(1 February 2011), and the Democr atic People's Republic of Korea 
(23 February 2011), due to  foot and mouth disease WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
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China Initiation on 23 December 2010 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of photographic paper and paper board (HS 3703.10; 
3703.20; 3703.90) from the EU, Japan, and the United States WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
China Initiation on 28 December 2010 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of distiller's dried grai ns with or without solubles 
(HS 2303.30) from the  United States  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
China Termination on 28 December 2010 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of polyester film (HS 3920.32.00) from Korea, Rep. of  
(imposed on 25 August 2000)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
China Entry into force of the 2011 Tariff Implementation Plan resulting 
in the decrease of certain import tariffs, i.e. gasoline engines  
(HS 8407.34.10) (from 10% to 5%), turbo engines (HS 8411.99.10) (from 5% to zero), motor vehicles chassis 
(HS 8704.23.00) (from 15% to 10%), and gear boxes 
(HS 8708.40.30) (from 6% to 3%). The Plan also results in an 
increase of import tariffs on other selected products WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 
China Termination on 16 January 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of dimethyl cyclosiloxane  (HS 2931.00.00; 3824.90.90) from 
Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States   (imposed on 16 January 2006) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
China Termination on 12 February 2011 (expiry without review) of anti-
dumping duties on imports of benzofuranol,7-hydroxy 
(HS 2932.99.10) from the EU, Japan, and the United States 
(imposed on 12 February 2006) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
China Termination on 8 April 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
cold-rolled stainless steel sheet and strip (HS 7219.31.00; 
7219.32.00; 7219.33.00; 7219.34.00; 7219.35.00; 7219.90.00; 7220.20.10; 7220.20.90) from Japan and Korea, Rep. of (imposed on 18 December 2000)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
China Export quotas for rare-earth minerals announced on 
28 December 2010 WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
China Increase of export tariffs on certain rare-earth minerals (from 15% 
to 25%) neodymium "ND" (HS 2805.30.11) and lanthanum 
chloride; (from 20% to 25%) ferroalloy containing rare-earth elements more than 10%  (HS 7202.99.91) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 
China Coal export quota for 2011 set at  38 million tonnes WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
China Import ban on certain food products and feeds from some regions 
of Japan (12 Prefectures), as a result of the nuclear crisis  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
8 April 2011 
China Termination on 12 May 2011 (expiry without review) of anti-
dumping duties on imports of nuc leotide-type food additives 
(HS 2934.99; 3824.90.99) from Japan and Korea, Rep. of (imposed 
on 12 May 2006) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/CHN, 12 October 2011   
China Termination on 22 July 2011 (expiry without review) of anti-
dumping duties on imports of pol ybutylene terephthalate resin 
"PBT" (HS 3907.99) from Japan and Chinese Taipei (imposed on 
22 July 2006)   WTO document 
G/ADP/N/209/CHN, 
29 April 2011 and Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(5 October 2011)    
China Initiation on 8 September 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of certain high-performan ce stainless steel seamless tubes 
(HS 7304.41; 7304.49; 7304.51; 7304.59) from the EU and Japan Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(5 October 2011)    
China Export quotas and licensing requirement on rare-earth ferroalloy 
(ex HS 7202.99.91)   Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (5 October 2011)  Effective 
20 May 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
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China Application of interim import tariffs on 33 HS tariff lines which 
results in reductions (from 25% to 20%) on chestnuts 
(HS 0802.40.90; 0802.90.20); (from 5% to 1%) light oils 
(HS 2710.11.10); (from 9% to zero) petroleum oils 
(HS 2710.19.11); (from 6% to zero) petroleum oils (HS 2710.19.21); (from 6% to 1%) petroleum oils (HS 2710.19.22); (from 12% to 6%) woven fabrics of cotton 
(HS 5210.11.00; 5210.19.10; 5210.19.90; 5211.11.00; 5211.12.00; 
5211.19.00; 5212.11.00; 5212.21.00); (from 10% to 5%) flax yarn (HS 5306.20.00); (from 14% to 7%) tents and pneumatic 
mattresses (HS 6306.29.10; 6306.29.90; 6306.40.10; 6306.40.90; 
6307.10.00); (from 16% to 7%)  pneumatic mattresses (HS 6306.40.20); (from 14% to 10%) life-jackets and life-belts 
(HS 6307.20.00); (from 1.5% to 1%) waste and scrap of nickel and 
zinc (HS 7503.00.00; 7902.00.00); (from 3% to 1%) unwrought 
zinc (HS 7901.11.10; 7901.11.90; 7901.12.00; 7901.20.00); (from 
5% to 2%) radar apparatus (HS 8526.10.90); (from 20% to 15%) 
spectacle lenses (HS 9001.40.10; 9001.50.10); (from 16% to 10%) spectacles, goggles and the like (HS 9004.90.10); and (from 8% to 4%) other breathing appliances  and gas masks (HS 9020.00.00)  Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(5 October 2011)  Effective 
1 July 2011 
China Second batch of export quotas for coke (HS 2704.00.10) 
(3.8 million tonnes)   Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (17 October 2011)  Announced on 
7 July 2011 
China Second batch of export quotas for 11 rare-earth minerals, 
i.e. ammonium, tungsten, tin, silver, molybdenum for 2011 set at 
15,378 tonnes (7,976 tonnes for same period in 2010).  (WTO 
Reporter (15 July 2011) said that annual volume of allowed exports of rare earth minerals will total 30,184 tonnes (0.4% lower 
than in 2010). A Decree dated 25 July 2011 is said to have reduced 
production quotas (cappe d at 93,800 tonnes))  Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO 
(17 October 2011) and 
Press reports Announced on 
14 July 2011 
China Second batch of export quotas for certain non-ferrous metals, 
i.e. tungsten (6,280 tonnes), antimony (24,120 tonnes), silver 
(2,265 tonnes), tin (7,097 tonnes), indium (93 tonnes), and 
molybdenum (10,200 tonnes)  Permanent Delegation of 
China to the WTO (17 October 2011)  Announced in 
July 2011  
Colombia Reduction of import tariffs on close to 4,000 HS lines  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
5 November 2010 
Colombia Modification of import tariffs  on 508 lines (HS Chapters 10; 11; 
19; 30; 32; 35; 39; 42; 44; 48; 50 ; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 58; 59; 
60; 63; 65; 68; 69; 70; 73; 74; 76 ; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 89; 90; 
96), in 246 cases resulting in decr ease and in 262 cases in increase 
of tariff rates (from 5% to 10% or 15%) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
23 February 2011 
Colombia Reduction of import tariffs on 40 lines (HS Chapter 87) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
24 February 2011 
Colombia Temporary reduction of import tariffs (by 50%) on certain 
products, i.e.  machinery and equipment, spare parts 
(HS 3917.23.90; 3917.31.00; 3917.32.99; 3917.33.10; 3917.33.90; 
3926.90.30; 3926.90.40; 3926.90.90; 8428.10.90; 8428.20.00; 8428.32.00; 8428.33.00; 8428.39.00; 8504.21.19; 8504.22.10; 
8504.31.90; 8504.33.00) to be used on mining and hydrocarbon 
sub-sectors WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
16 August 2015 
Colombia Establishment of temporary import quotas ( contingentes de 
importación ) on (116 units) compression-ignition internal 
combustion piston engines of an output not exceeding 130 Kw (HS 8408.90.10), and (651 units) on compression-ignition internal 
combustion piston engines of an output exceeding 130 Kw (HS 8408.90.20), for the agro-industry sector WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
11 April 2011 until 
10 April 2012 
Colombia Termination on 6 March 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of balls, other than golf balls a nd table tennis balls, inflatable 
(HS 9506.62.00) from China (imposed on 6 March 2006)  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/COL, 23 August 2011   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
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Colombia Initiation on 5 August 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of aluminium bars, rods , tubes, pipes, and profiles 
(HS 7604.21.00; 7604.29.10; 7604.29.20; 7606.11.00; 7606.91.90; 
7606.92.30; 7606.92.90; 7608.10.90; 7608.20.00) from China and 
Venezuela (Bolivarian Rep. of)  Ministerio de Comercio, 
Industria y Turismo 
Resolución No. 458/2011 (3 August 2011)   
Costa Rica Termination on 21 October 2010 (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of canned tuna (HS 1604.14.90) 
from Brazil and El Salvador  (initiated on 12 June 2009) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Costa Rica Measure to facilitate trade through the implementation of an export 
fast track channel ( carril rápido para productos de exportación ) in 
the custom of Peñas Blancas WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
24 February 2011 
Croatia Elimination of import tariffs (from 5.5% to zero) on carbon black 
(HS 2803.00.00)   Permanent Delegation of 
Croatia to the WTO (23 September 2011) Effective 
24 September 2011 
Croatia Decrease of import tariffs (f rom 14% to 3%) on laminated safety 
glass (HS 7007.21.20)   Permanent Delegation of 
Croatia to the WTO (23 September 2011) Effective 
1 October 2011 
Dominican Republic Import prohibition on "rebuilt" vehicles WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 March 2011 
Dominican Republic Trade facilitation measures with  the establishment of a new 
Customs valuation Code, and electronic declaration of customs forms WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Dominican 
Republic Trade facilitation measures on certain requirements on importing 
companies Permanent Delegation of 
the Dominican Republic to 
the WTO 
(30 September 2011) Effective 
24 June 2011 
Dominican 
Republic Temporary import prohibition on garlic (HS 0703.20)   Permanent Delegation of 
the Dominican Republic to 
the WTO 
(30 September 2011) Effective 
15 June 2011 to 
15 October 2011 
Dominican 
Republic Import prohibition on cylinders of liquified petroleum gas from 
Guatemala   Permanent Delegation of 
the Dominican Republic to 
the WTO 
(30 September 2011) Effective 
15 July 2011  
Ecuador Establishment of a temporary quota (300,000 kg) on imports of 
turkey meat and edible offal (HS 0207.25.00),  for imports from 
the Andean Community except Bo livia (Plurinational State of) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2010 
Ecuador Establishment of a temporary import prohibition on frozen turkey 
cuts and offal (HS 0207.27.00), for imports from the Andean 
Community except Bolivia (Plurinational State of) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2010 
Ecuador Temporary imposition of a sp ecific tariff (US$0.07/kg) on imports 
of onions and shallots (HS 0703.10.00) from Peru, exceeding the 
annual quota of 35,473,000 kg WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Ecuador Increase of import tariffs (from 35% to 40%) on certain vehicles 
(HS 8703.21.00; 8703.22.10; 8703.22.90; 8703.23.10; 8703.23.90; 
8703.31.10; 8703.31.90; 8703.32.10; 8703.32.90; 8704.21.10; 8704.31.10) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Ecuador Introduction of import licensing requirement for certain products 
(53 tariff lines), i.e. new pneumatic tyres (HS 4011), semi-finished 
products of iron or non-alloy steel (HS 7207), refrigerators and 
freezers (HS 8418), electrical apparatus for line telephony 
(HS 8517), and motor vehicles (HS 8702; 8703) Resolución Comité de 
Comercio Exterior No. 17 - 
Registro Oficial No. 521 
(26 August 2011)   
Egypt Termination on 3 January 2011 (expiry without review) of anti-
dumping duties on imports of por celain and ceramic tableware 
from Malaysia and Thailand (imposed on 4 January 2006) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/EGY, 
23 August 2011   
Egypt Termination on 7 January 2011 (expiry without review) of anti-
dumping duties on imports of penc ils from India, Indonesia, and 
Chinese Taipei (imposed on 8 January 2006)  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/EGY, 
23 August 2011   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
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Egypt Initiation on 11 April 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of polymers of vinyl chloride "PVC" floor and wall 
coverings (HS 3918.10) from China  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/EGY, 
23 August 2011   
Egypt  Introduction of export tariffs on raw a nd stuffed leather Perm anent Delegation of 
Egypt to the WTO 
(3 October 2011) Effective 
18 May 2011 
Egypt Termination on 26 May 2011 (expiry without review) of anti-
dumping duties on imports of locks or cylinders for doors and 
windows  from China (imposed on 27 May 2001) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/EGY, 
23 August 2011   
Egypt Termination on 9 June 2011 (expiry investigation result) of anti-
dumping duties on imports of electric motors, single-phase or 
multi-phase (HS 8501.00.00) from China (imposed on 
14 August 2000)  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/EGY, 
23 August 2011   
Egypt  Introduction of export tariffs on certain products, i.e. blocks of raw 
marble and granite (HS 2515.11; 2516.11);  and unwrought lead, 
lead waste of plastic scraps  and paper (HS 2620.11; 2620.19; 
7204.10; 7204.21; 7204.29; 7204.30; 7204.41; 7204.49; 7204.50; 
7204.90; 7401; 7402.00; 7403; 7404.00; 7419.91; 7602.00; 7801; 
7802.00; 7900; 7901; 7902)  Permanent Delegation of 
Egypt to the WTO 
(3 October 2011) Effective 
13 June 2011 
Egypt  Export prohibition on raw a nd hide leather in wet condition 
(HS 4101; 4102; 4103; 4104.11; 4104.19; 4105.10; 4106.21; 
4106.31; 4106.91)  Permanent Delegation of 
Egypt to the WTO 
(3 October 2011) Effective 
20 June 2011 
Egypt Termination on 7 July 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of steel rebar (bars, rods and coils) 
(HS 7213; 7214) from Turkey (initiated on 13 October 2010) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/209/EGY, 
14 January 2011 and 
Permanent Delegation of 
Egypt to the WTO 
(3 October 2011)   
Egypt  Extension of the export ban on rice (imp lemented in 2008) Permanent Delegation of 
Egypt to the WTO 
(3 October 2011) Effective 
17 September 2011 
to October 2012 
El Salvador Elimination of import tariffs (to zero) on seeds of caraway 
(HS 0909.40.00); seeds of fennel, juniper berries (HS 0909.50.00); 
and rye and barley flour (HS 1102.10.00; 1102.90.10) Permanent Delegation of 
El Salvador to the WTO 
(13 October 2011) Effective 
27 July 2011 
EU Initiation on 27 October 2010 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of certain iron or steel fa steners, other than of stainless 
steel, i.e. wood screws (excludi ng coach screws), self-tapping 
screws, other screws and bolts with heads (whether or not with 
their nuts or washers, but excluding screws turned from bars, rods, 
profiles or wire, of solid section, of a shank thickness not exceeding 6 mm and excluding screws and bolts for fixing railway 
track construction material), and washers (HS 7318.12.90; 
7318.14.91; 7318.14.99; 7318.15.59; 7318.15.69; 7318.15.81; 7318.15.89; 7318.15.90; 7318.21.00; 7318.22.00) from Malaysia 
(possible circumvention of anti-dumping measures of imports from 
China imposed in 2009) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 
  
EU Termination on 16 November 2010 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of  "steel wire ropes - SWR", steel ropes and cables, 
including locked coil ropes, excludi ng ropes and cables of stainless 
steel, with a maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeding 3 mm  
(HS 7312.10.82; 7312.10.84; 7312.10.86; 7312.10.88; 7312.10.99)  
from India (imposed on 12 August 1999) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 
  
EU Termination on 18 November 2010 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of  certain stainless steel fasteners and parts thereof  
(HS 7318.12.10; 7318.14.10; 7318.15.30; 7318.15.51; 7318.15.61; 7318.15.70; 7318.16.30)  from Indone sia, Thailand, and Viet Nam 
(imposed on 19 November 2005)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
EU Temporary suspension of import tariffs for the CXL concessions 
sugar quota of sugar (HS1701) (300,000 tonnes) during the 2010-
11 marketing year WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
December 2010 to 
August 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
EU Termination on 1 December 2010  (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of  "HTY" high tenacity yarn of 
polyesters (other than sewing thread), not put up for retail sale, 
including monofilament of less than 67 decitex (HS 5402.20.00) 
from Korea, Rep. of and Chinese Taipei (initiated on 
8 September 2009) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
EU Initiation on 4 December 2010 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of  vinyl acetate (HS 2915.32.00) from the United States  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
EU Termination on 8 December 2010 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of granular polytetrafluor oethylene (PTFE), containing not 
more than 3% of other monomer unit than tetrafluoroethylene, without fillers, in the form of pow der or pellets, with the exclusion 
of micronised material, and its raw polymer (reactor bead), the 
latter in wet or dry form (HS 3904.61.00) from China and the 
Russian Federation (imposed on  8 December 2005) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
EU Termination on 16 December 2010 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of glyphosate (HS 2931.00.95; 3808.30.27) from China 
(imposed in February 1998) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Measures suspended 
on 14 May 2009, 
and extended until 14 February 2011 
EU Termination  on 20 January 2011 (withouth measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of purified terephthalic acid and 
its salts of a purity by weight of 99.5% or more (HS 2917.36.00) 
from Thailand (initiated on 22 December 2009) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
EU Termination on 20 January 2011 (withouth measure) of 
countervailing investigation on im ports of purified terephthalic 
acid and its salts of a purity by weight of 99.5% or more 
(HS 2917.36.00) from Thailand (initiated on 22 December 2009) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 
2011   
EU Initiation on 26 January 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of  oxalic acid, whether in dihydrate (CUS number 
0028635-1 and CAS number 6153-56-6) or anhydrous form (CUS number 0021238-4 and CAS number 144-62-7) and whether or not in aqueous solution (HS 2917.11.00) from China and India  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 
2011   
EU Termination on 26 January 2011 (without measure) of safeguard 
investigation on imports of  wireless wide area networking 
(WWAN) modems with a radio antenna and providing Internet 
Protocol (IP) data connectivity  for computing devices and 
including Wi-Fi routers comprising a WWAN modem 
(WWAN/Wi-Fi routers) (HS 8471.80 .00; 8517.62.00) (initiated on 
30 June 2010)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
EU Initiation on 16 February 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of  polyethylene terephtha late having a viscosity number 
of 78 ml/g or higher, according to the ISO Standard 1628-5 
(HS 3907.60.20) from Oman and Saudi Arabia WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
EU Initiation on 16 February 2011 of countervailing investigation on 
imports of  polyethylene terephtha late having a viscosity number 
of 78 ml/g or higher, according to the ISO Standard 1628-5 (HS 3907.60.20) from Oman and Saudi Arabia WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
EU Initiation on 17 February 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of  sodium cyclamate (H S 2929.90.00) from China limited 
to two producers (Fang Da Food Additive "Shen Zhen" Limited 
and Fang Da Food Additive "Yang Quan" Limited) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
EU Temporary suspension of import tariffs (to zero) on certain cereals, 
i.e. common wheat of low a nd medium quality (HS 1001.90.99), 
and feed barley (HS 1003.00), for all imports under reduce-duty 
tariff quotas WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 2010-11 
marketing year 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
EU Termination on 3 March 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  wireless wide area networking 
(WWAN) modems with a radio antenna and providing Internet 
Protocol (IP) data connectivity  for computing devices and 
including Wi-Fi routers comprising a WWAN modem (WWAN/Wi-Fi routers) (HS 8471.80.00; 8517.62.00) from China 
(initiated on 30 June 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
EU Termination on 3 March 2011 (with out measure) of countervailing 
investigation on imports of  wireless wide area networking 
(WWAN) modems with a radio antenna and providing Internet 
Protocol (IP) data connectivity  for computing devices and 
including Wi-Fi routers comprising a WWAN modem (WWAN/Wi-Fi routers) (HS 8471.80.00; 8517.62.00) from China (initiated on 16 September 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
EU Termination on 9 March 2011 of countervailing duties on imports 
of polyethylene terephthalate  (PET) film (HS 3920.62.19; 
3920.62.90) from India (imposed on 10 December 1999), Brazil 
and Israel (imposed on 18 November 2004)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
EU Termination on 10 March 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of stainle ss steel bars and rods, not further 
worked than cold-formed or cold-finished, other than bars and rods of circular cross-section of a diameter of 80 mm or more 
(HS 7222.20.21; 7222.20.29; 7222.20.31; 7222.20.39; 7222.20.81; 
7222.20.89) from India (i nitiated on 1 April 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
EU Introduction of specific and deta iled procedures for imports of 
polyamide and melanine plastic kitchenware (HS 3924.10.00) from 
China and Hong Kong, China.  Imports to be submitted to a declaration confirming that the items meet the requirements concerning the release of primary aromatic and formaldehyde WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 July 2011 
EU Introduction of limited temporary special conditions for imports of 
feedstuffs and foodstuffs from regions of Japan affected by the nuclear crisis. Imports to be submitted to a declaration attesting 
that: (i) the product has been harv ested and/or processed before 
11 March 2011; and (ii) it does not contain levels of radionuclides 
iodine-131, caesium-134, and caesium-137 above the maximum levels provided by Euratom WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
26 March 2011 to 
30 June 2011 
EU Termination on 31 March 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of  footwear with uppers of leather or composition leather, 
excluding sports footwear, footw ear involving special technology, 
slippers and other indoor footwear  and footwear with a protective 
toecap (HS 6403.20.00; 6403.51. 05; 6403.51.11; 6403.51.15; 
6403.51.19; 6403.51.91; 6403.51.95; 6403.51.99; 6403.59.05; 
6403.59.11; 6403.59.31; 6403.59.35; 6403.59.39; 6403.59.91; 6403.59.95; 6403.59.99; 6403.91.05; 6403.91.11; 6403.91.13; 
6403.91.16; 6403.91.18; 6403.91.91; 6403.91.93; 6403.91.96; 
6403.91.98; 6403.99.05; 6403.99.11; 6403.99.31; 6403.99.33; 6403.99.36; 6403.99.38; 6403.99.91; 6403.99.93; 6403.99.96; 
6403.99.98; 6405.10.00) from China and Viet Nam (imposed on 
5 October 2006)   WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
EU Temporary suspension of import tariffs for an exceptional tariff 
quota of sugar (HS1701) (300,000 tonnes) in the 2010-11 
marketing year WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 April 2011 to 
30 September 2011 
EU Initiation on 19 April 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of concentrated soy protei n products, containing by weight 
65% or more of proteins (N x 6.25) calculated on the dry matter by excluding added vitamins, mine rals, amino acids and food 
additives (HS 2106.10.20; 2106.90. 92; 2309.90.10; 2309.90.99; 
3504.00.90) from China  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
EU Termination on 11 May 2011 (wit hout measure) of countervailing 
investigation on imports of "biodiesel" -  fatty-acid mono-alkyl 
esters and/or paraffinic gasoil obtained from synthesis and/or 
hydro-treatment, of non-fossil origin, in pure form or in a blend 
containing by weight more than  20% of fatty-acid mono-alkyl 
esters and/or paraffinic gasoil obtained from synthesis and/or 
hydro-treatment, of non-fossil origin (HS 1516.20.98; 1518.00.91; 
1518.00.99; 2710.19.41; 3824.90.91; 3824.90.97) from Singapore 
(possible circumvention of countervailing measures of imports from the United States imposed in 2009) (initiated on 11 August 2010) WTO document 
G/SCM/N/228/EEC, 
14 October 2011   
EU Termination on 11 May 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of "biodiesel" -  fatty-acid mono-alkyl 
esters and/or paraffinic gasoil obtained from synthesis and/or 
hydro-treatment, of non-fossil origin, in pure form or in a blend containing by weight more than  20% of fatty-acid mono-alkyl 
esters and/or paraffinic gasoil obtained from synthesis and/or 
hydro-treatment, of non-fossil origin (HS 1516.20.98; 1518.00.91; 1518.00.99; 2710.19.41; 3824.90.91; 3824.90.97) from Singapore 
(possible circumvention of anti-dumping measures of imports from 
the United States imposed in 2009) (initiated on 13 August 2010) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/EEC, 14 October 2011   
EU Initiation on 13 May 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on 
imports of stainless steel fasteners and parts thereof 
(HS 7318.12.10; 7318.14.10; 7318.15.30; 7318.15.51; 7318.15.61; 
7318.15.70) from India WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/EEC, 
14 October 2011   
EU Initiation on 13 May 2011 of countervailing investigation on 
imports of stainless steel fasteners and parts thereof 
(HS 7318.12.10; 7318.14.10; 7318.15.30; 7318.15.51; 7318.15.61; 7318.15.70) from India WTO document 
G/SCM/N/228/EEC, 
14 October 2011   
EU Termination on 17 May 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
dead-burned (sintered) magnesia (HS 2519.90.30) from China 
(imposed on 11 December 1993)  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/EEC, 
14 October 2011   
EU Initiation on 18 May 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on 
imports of molybdenum wire, containing by weight at least 
99.95% of molybdenum, of which the maximum cross-sectional 
dimension exceeds 1.35 mm but does not exceed 4 mm  
(HS 8102.96.00) from Malaysia and Switzerland (possible circumvention of anti-dumping measures of imports from China imposed in 2010) Commission Regulation 
No. 477/2011 
(17 May 2011)   
EU Termination on 9 June 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
synthetic polyester staple fibres "PSF" (HS 5503.20.00) from China (imposed on 17 March 2005)  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/EEC, 14 October 2011   
EU Temporary elimination of import tariffs for an additional 
exceptional quantity of sugar (HS1701) (200,000 tonnes) in the 2010-11 marketing year WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 and 
Commission Implementing Regulation No. 589/2011 (20 June 2011)  Effective 
1 July 2011 to 30 September 2011 
EU Termination on 25 June 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
magnesia bricks (HS 6815.91.00; 6815.99.00) from China (imposed on 12 October 2005)  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/EEC, 14 October 2011   
EU Initiation on 28 June 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of certain seamless pipe s and tubes of iron or steel, 
excluding seamless pipes and tubes of stainless steel, of circular 
cross-section, of an external  diameter not exceeding 406.4 mm 
with a Carbon Equivalent Va lue (CEV) not exceeding 0.86 
according to the International Ins titute of Welding (IIW) formula 
and chemical analysis (HS 7304.19.10; 7304.19.30; 7304.23.00; 
7304.29.10; 7304.29.30; 7304.31.80; 7304.39.58; 7304.39.92; 
7304.39.93; 7304.51.89; 7304.59.92; 7304.59.93) from Belarus WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/EEC, 14 October 2011   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
EU Temporary suspension of import tariffs (to zero) on certain cereals, 
i.e. common wheat of low a nd medium quality (HS 1001.90.99), 
and feed barley (HS 1003.00), for all imports under reduce-duty tariff quotas (2011-12 marketing year) Commission Implementing 
Regulation No. 633/2011 
(29 June 2011) Effective 
1 July 2011 to 
31 December 2011 
EU Termination on 8 July 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
coumarin (HS 2932.21.00) from China (imposed on 4 April 1999), India (imposed on 9 May 2002), Thailand (imposed on 
13 December 2004), Indonesia and Malaysia (imposed on 
10 November 2006) Commission Implementing 
Regulation No. 655/2011 
(28 June 2011)   
EU Termination on 13 July 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
potassium chloride (HS 3104.20.10; 3104.20.50; 3104.20.90; 
3105.20.10; 3105.20.90; 3105.60.90; 3105.90.91; 3105.90.99) from Belarus and the Russian Federation (imposed on 24 October 1992) Commission Notice 
2011/C 206/10 
(12 July 2011)   
EU Initiation on 28 July 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of fabrics of woven or  stitched or woven and stitched 
continuous filament glass fibre rovings, excluding products which 
are impregnated or pre-impre gnated (pre-preg), and excluding 
open mesh fabrics with cells with a size of more than 1.8 mm in 
both length and width and we ighing more than 35 g/m2 
(HS 7019.39.00; 7019.40.00; 7019.90.99) from China Commission Notice 
2011/C 222/12 (28 July 2011)   
EU Initiation on 29 July 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of tartaric acid (HS 2918.12.00) from China, limited to one 
producer (Hangzhou Bioking Bioche mical Engineering Co. Ltd.) Commission Notice 
2011/C 223/08 
(29 July 2011)   
EU Termination on 10 August 2011 (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of  Tris (2-chloro-1-methylethyl) 
phosphate "TCPP" (HS 2919.90.00)  from China (initiated on 
23 July 2010) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/209/EEC, 
28 March 2011 and Commission Decision 
2011/498/EU 
(9 August 2011)   
EU Termination on 11 August 2011 of countervailing duties on 
imports of certain broad spectrum antibiotics, namely amoxicillin 
trihydrate, ampicillin trihydrate and cefalexin not put up in 
measured doses or in forms or packing for retail sale (HS 2941.10.00; 2941.90.00) from India (imposed on 9 October 1998) Commission Implementing 
Regulation No. 803/2011 (4 August 2011)   
EU Initiation on 12 August 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of aluminium radiators and elements or sections of which 
such radiator is composed, whet her or not such elements or 
sections are assembled in blocks , excluding radiators and elements 
and sections thereof of the electrical type (HS 7615.19.10; 7615.19.90; 7616.99.10; 7616.99.90) from China  Commission Notice 
2011/C 236/14 (12 August 2011)   
EU Termination on 26 August 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of silicon carbide "SiC" (HS 2849. 20.00) from China (imposed on 
25 August 2006) Commission Notice 
2011/C 47/05 (25 August 2011)   
EU Termination on 1 September 2011 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of certain side-by-side refrigerators, i.e. combined 
refrigerator-freezers of a capacity exceedi ng 400 litres, with the 
freezer and refrigerator compartments placed side-by-side (HS 8418.10.20) from Korea, Rep. of (imposed on 25 August 2006) Commission Notice 
2011/C 255/06 (31 August 2011)   
EU Termination on 2 September 2011 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of castings of non-malleable cast iron and spheroidal 
graphite cast iron (ductile iron) of a kind used to cover and/or to 
give access to ground or sub-surface systems, and parts thereof, 
whether or not machined, coated or painted or fitted with other 
materials, excluding fire hydrants (HS 7325.10.50; 7325.10.92; 7325.10.99; 7325.99.10) from China (imposed on 29 July 2005) Council Implementing 
Regulation No. 871/2011 (26 August 2011)   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
EU Termination on 1 October 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  gra phite electrodes of a kind used for 
electric furnaces, with an apparent density of 1.5g/cm3 or more and 
an electrical resistance of 7 µ Ω.m or less (HS 8545.11.00; 
8545.90.90) from China (in itiated on 17 December 2010) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/209/EEC, 
28 March 2011 and 
Commission Decision 
2011/642/EU 
(29 September 2011)   
Hong 
Kong, 
China Temporary import ban on certain food products, i.e. vegetables 
(HS 0701; 0702; 0703; 0704; 0705; 0706; 0707; 0708; 0709; 0710; 
0711 - except 0701.10.00 and 0714), fruits (HS 0803; 0804; 0805; 0806.10.00; 0807; 0808; 0809; 0810; 0811; 0812), chilled or 
frozen meat and poultry (HS 0201; 0202; 0203; 0204; 0205; 0206; 
0207; 0208; 0209), eggs (HS 0407 - except 0407.00.40; 0407.00.50; 0407.00.60),  seafood (HS 0301; 0302; 0303; 0304; 
0306; 0307: except 0301.10.10; 0301.10.30; 0301.10.40; 
0301.10.90; 0301.91.00; 0301.92.10; 0301.99.11; 0301.99.14; 0301.99.15; 0301.99.19; 0306.19.00; 0306.21.11; 0306.21.20; 
0306.22.11; 0306.22.20; 0306.23.10; 0306.23.30; 0306.24.10; 
0306.24.20; 0306.29.10; 0306.29.20; 0307.10.11; 0307.10.30; 0307.21.10; 0307.29.20; 0307.31.10; 0307.39.20; 0307.41.30; 
0307.49.30; 0307.49.40; 0307.59.20; 0307.60.30; 0307.91.20; 
0307.99.20; 0307.99.30; 0307.99.90), and dairy products (HS 0401; 0402; 0403; 0404 - except 0403.10.00)  from Japan, as a result of the nuclear crisis WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
24 March 2011 
India Termination on 11 November 2010 (duty lapsed) of anti-dumping 
duties on imports of maleic anhydride "MAN" (HS 2917.14.00) 
from China, Indonesia, and Chinese Taipei (imposed on 
18 September 2008) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
India Termination on 18 November 2010 (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on imports  of seamless tubes, pipes & 
hollow profiles of iron, alloy or non-alloy steel (other than cast 
iron), whether hot finished or cold drawn or cold rolled, of an external diameter not exceeding 273 mm or 10" (HS 7304) from China (initiated on 12 January 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
India Initiation on 7 December 2010 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of melamine (HS 2933.61.00) from the EU, Indonesia, Iran, and Japan  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
India Initiation on 7 December 2010 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of morpholine (HS 2933.39.17) from China, EU, and the United States  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
India Termination on 18 December 2010 (duty lapsed) of anti-dumping 
duties on imports of sodium cyanide-I (HS 2837.11) from Korea Rep. of, and the United States (imposed on 27 December 1999) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
India Termination on 19 December 2010 (duty lapsed) of anti-dumping 
duties on imports of sodium cyanide-II (HS 2837.11) from Chinese Taipei (imposed on 19 December 2005) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/209/IND/Rev.1, 13 September 2011   
India Initiation on 20 December 2010 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of aniline (HS 2921.41) from the EU  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
India Initiation on 20 December 2010 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of geogrid/geostrips/geostra ps made of polyester or glass 
fiber in all its forms (incl uding all widths and lengths) 
(HS 3902.10.00; 3914.00.90; 3920.10.19; 3926.90.99; 5503.40.00; 5603.31.30; 5603.94.00; 5604.90.00; 5903.10.90; 5911.10.00; 
5911.31.50; 5911.31.90; 5911.90.90; 7019.40.00; 7019.59.00; 
7019.90.10; 7019.90.90) from China WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
India Elimination of import tariffs on onions (HS 0703.10.10) (from 5% 
to zero) and on shallots (HS 0703.10.20) (from 30% to zero) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
India Addition of natural rubber (HS 4001.21; 4001.22; 4001.29) to the 
list of products subject to tariff rate quotas WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
India Initiation on 27 December 2010 of safeguard investigation on 
imports of N1, 3-dimethyl butyl-N phenyl paraphenylenediamine 
"PX-13 or 6-PPD" (HS 2934.20; 2925.20; 3812.10; 3812.20;  3812.30) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
India Initiation on 11 January 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of pentaerythritol (HS 2905.42.00) from the EU (excluding 
Sweden) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
India Initiation on 4 February 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of phosphoric acid of all grades and all concentrations 
(excluding agriculture/fertilizer gr ade) (HS 2809.20.10) from Israel 
and Chinese Taipei WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
India Import tariffs set at 5% for all items of machinery, including prime 
movers, instruments, apparatus and appliances, control gear and 
transmission equipment and auxilia ry equipment (including those 
required for testing and quality c ontrol) and components, required 
for the initial setting up of a sola r power generation project or 
facility  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
India Introduction of export tariffs on certain products, i.e. (10%) de-
oiled rice bran oil cake (HS 2306), snake skin (HS 41), raw fur 
lamb skins (HS 4301); (15%) cycle saddle leathers,  
hydraulic/packing/belting/washer l eathers, picking band leathers, 
strap/combing leathers, tanned leather (HS 41), ferrous waste 
scrap, remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel (HS 7204); and (25%) 
luggage leather-case hide or side /suit case/ hand bag luggage/cash 
bag leather, industrial harness leat her, transistor case/camera case 
leathers (HS 41) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 March 2011 
India Additional increase of export tax on iron ore fines (HS 2601.11.30; 
2601.11.40) (from 5% to 20%), and on iron ore lumps and pellets (HS 2601.11.10; 2601.11.20) (from 15% to 20%). WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 March2011 
India Extension of export ban on pulses (HS 0713) (originally 
implemented on 27 June 2006)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 March 2012 
India Termination on 22 March 2011 of safeguard duties on imports of 
dimethoate technical (HS 3808.91. 23) (investigation initiated on 
21 January 2009, and provisional and definitive duties imposed on 
23 March 2009 and 27 August 2009 respectively) WTO documents 
G/SG/N/6/IND/19, 
6 February 2009; 
G/SG/N/7/IND/2/Suppl.1, 
27 April 2009; and G/SG/N/10/IND/10, 
7 July 2009 and Permanent 
Delegation of India to the 
WTO (14 October 2011)   
India Increase of import tariffs (from 10% to 30%) on engine or gearbox 
or transmission mechanism in pre-assembled form but not mounted 
on a chassis or a body assembly  (HS 8703; 8711) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
24 March 2011 
India Reduction of the minimum export price "MEP" (from 
US$275/metric tonne (13 March 2011) to US$225/metric tonne 
(23 March 2011) to US$170/metric tonne (31 March 2011)) on 
onions; and (from US$1,400/metric tonne to US$600/metric tonne) 
on  Bangalore Rose and Krishnapuram onions (HS 0703.10.10) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
India Termination on 28 March 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of  pentaerythritol-II (HS 2905.42.10) from Sweden (imposed on 
20 October 2005)  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/IND, 
7 October 2011    
India Termination on 29 March 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of peni cillin-g-potassium and 6- amino 
penicillanic acid "6-APA" (H S 2941.10.10; 2941. 10.50) from 
China (initiated on 22 July 2009) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/IND, 
7 October 2011    
India Termination on 29 March 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of pe nicillin-g-potassium (HS 2941.10.10) 
from Mexico  (initiated on 22 July 2009) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/IND, 
7 October 2011    
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
India Termination on 30 March 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of  acrylonitrile butadiene r ubber (NBR)-III (HS 4002.59) from 
Chinese Taipei (imposed on 2 November 1999) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/IND, 
7 October 2011    
India Termination of export ban on cotton yarn (HS 5205; 5206; 5207).  
Exports subject to registration with the Directorate General of 
Foreign Trade (DGFT) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
31 March 2011 
India Reduction of import tariffs on certain products, i.e. (from 5% to 
zero) on stainless steel scrap; (from 5% to 2.5%) ferro-nickel; and 
(from 7.5% to 2.5%) vanadium pent oxide WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 April 2011 
India Elimination of export duty on iron ore pellets (from 15% to zero)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 April 2011 
India Import ban on certain products, i. e. live pigs (HS 0103); eggs and 
eggs products (HS 0207; 0407.00.10; 0407.00.90; 0408.11.00; 
0408.19.00; 0408.91.00; 0408.99.00); domestic and wild birds (HS 0103; 0105; 0106.31.00; 0106.32.00; 0106.39.00); products of 
animal origin (from birds) intended for use in animal feeding or for 
agriculture or industrial use; semen of domestic and wild birds including poultry;  unprocessed meat and meat products from 
avian species (HS 0207); unprocessed feather (HS 0505.90; 
0606.10); and day-old-chicks, duc ks, turkeys, and other newly 
hatched avian species (HS 0103; 0105), due to avian influenza WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective mid-
October 2010 to 
30 April 2011 
India Termination on 15 April 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of azodicarbonamide (ADC) "blowing 
agent or foaming agent" (HS 2927.00.90; 2942.00.90; 3812.00.89) from China (initiated on 16 April 2010) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/IND, 
7 October 2011    
India Initiation on 29 April 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of phthalic anhydride "PAN" (HS 2917.35.00) from Israel; Korea, Rep. of; and Chinese Taipei  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
India Import prohibition on acetate tow (HS 5502.00.10) and filter rod 
(HS 56), with some exceptions such as for the manufacture of 
pharmaceutical products Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(14 October 2011)   
India Initiation on 23 May 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of grinding media balls (excluding forged grinding media 
balls) (HS 7325.91.00) from China and Thailand  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/IND, 
7 October 2011    
India Termination on 25 May 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of  polypropylene "homo-polymers and 
co-polymers of propylene" (HS 3902.10.00; 3902.30.00) from 
Korea, Rep. of; Chinese Taipei; and the United States (initiated on 
10 February 2010) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/IND, 
7 October 2011    
India Exports of organic sugar (HS 17) (under a quota of 10,000 
MT/year) exempted from the "requirement of obtaining release 
order" Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(14 October 2011)   
India Initiation on 13 June 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of digital offset printing plates (HS 3701.30.00; 
3704.00.90; 3705.10.00; 7606.91.91; 7606.92.90; 8442.50.20) 
from China and Japan WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/IND, 
7 October 2011    
India Extension on 22 June 2011 of the Duty Entitlement Pass Book 
(DEPB) scheme granting financial export incentives (tax rebates) 
mainly for textiles, leather and jute sectors Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(14 October 2011) Scheme terminated 
on 
30 September 2011 
India Decrease of import tariffs (from 7.5% to 5%) for certain petroleum 
oils (HS 2710; 2711; 2712; 2713; 2714; 2715)  Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(14 October 2011)   
India Termination on 7 July 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of  
hydrofluoric acid (HS 2811.11.00) from China (imposed on 
28 March 2002)  Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(14 October 2011)   
India Further extension of the authorization to export certain wheat 
products, i.e. wheat, flour (maida), samolina (rava/sirgi), 
wholemeal atta and resultant atta (HS 1101) (subjected to a quota of 650,000 tonnes) (first extension was on 18 May 2010 up to 31 March 2011)  Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(14 October 2011) Effective 
3 July 2009 to 
31 March 2012 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
India Initiation on 21 July 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of plain gypsum plaster boards (HS 6809.11.00; 
6809.19.00; 6809.99.00) from China, Indonesia, Thailand, and the United Arab Emirates  Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(14 October 2011)   
India Exports of cotton (HS 5201; 5202; 5203) for the 2010-11 season  
subjected to a temporary export cap of 550,000 bales (55 lakh). On 9 June 2011 the cap threshold was increased by 100,000 bales 
except for cotton waste including yarn waste and garneted stock 
(HS 5202). Elimination of the export cap in October 2011 Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(14 October 2011)   
India Increase of the minimum im port price threshold (from US$50/m2 
c.i.f. to US$60/m2 c.i.f.) to freely import worked monumental or 
building stone (except slate) and articles thereof (other than goods of heading HS 6801); mosaic cubes and the like, of natural stone 
(including slate), whether or not on a backing; artificially coloured 
granules, chippings and powder, of  natural stone (including slate) 
(HS 6802.10.00; 6802.21.10; 6802.21.20; 6802.21.90; 6802.91.00; 6802.92.00) Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(14 October 2011)   
India Introduction of import licen sing requirements on marble and 
travertine - crude or roughly trimmed and merely cut, by sawing or 
otherwise, into blocks of a rectangular (including squares) shape 
(HS 2515.11.00; 2515.12.10) Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO (14 October 2011) Effective financial 
year 2011-12 
India Initiation on 16 August 2011 of sa feguard investigation on imports 
of phthalic anhydride (HS 2917.35.00)  WTO documents 
G/SG/N/6/IND/29, 
18 August 2011 and G/SG/N/7/IND/9, 4 October 2011 Affirmative 
preliminary 
determination  
India Elimination on 9 Septem ber 2011 of export ban on wheat 
(HS 1001.10; 1001.10.90; 1001.90; 1001.90.20; 1001.90.39) and 
non Basmati rice (HS 1006.10.90; 1006.20.00; 1006.30.10; 
1006.30.90; 1006.40.00) (imposed in October 2007)   Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO (14 October 2011)   
India Increase of the tariff rate quota (from 30,000 MT to 50,000 MT) 
for skimmed milk (HS 0402.10; 0402.21.00) Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO (14 October 2011)   
India Minimum export price "MEP" (US$475/MT) on onions (HS 0703)  Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO (14 October 2011) Effective 
20 September 2011 
India Further extension of the reduc tion of import tariffs on raw sugar 
and white refined sugar (HS 1701.19.10; 1701.99.90)   Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO (14 October 2011) Effective until 
1 December 2011 
India Guidelines from the Minist ry of New and Renewable Energy 
providing that project developers "are expected to procure their 
project components from domestic manufacturers, as far as 
possible". For photovoltaic proj ects based on crystalline silicon 
technology, the guidilines require that all project developers uses 
modules manufactured in India; for such projects selected in 
FY 2011-12, developers must use both modules and cells 
manufactured in India. For projects based on solar thermal 
technology, the guidelines require 30% local content in all plants 
and installations (under the Ja waharlal Nehru National Solar 
Mission - Batch 1 and 2) WTO document 
G/TRIMS/W/91, 4 October 2011   
India Reintroduction of duty drawb ack on cotton yarn (HS 5205; 5206; 
5207) exports Permanent Delegation of 
India to the WTO 
(14 October 2011) Effective 
1 October 2011 
Indonesia Termination on 25 October 2010 (no application for continuation 
received) of anti-dumping dutie s on imports of paracetamol 
(HS 2924.29.90) from China and the United States (imposed on 
25 October 2005)   WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Indonesia Termination on 11 Nove mber 2010 (no application for 
continuation received) of anti-du mping duties on imports of wheat 
flour (HS 1101.00.10) from China and India (imposed on 11 November 2005)   WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Indonesia Termination on 10 December 2010 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of uncoated writing a nd printing paper (HS 4802.55.90; 
4802.56.90; 4802.57.00) from Finland, India, and  Malaysia  (imposed on 11 November 2004)  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/IDN, 
14 October 2011   
Indonesia Suspension of import tariffs on rice (HS 1006.30.90)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
22 December 2010 
to 31 March 2011 
Indonesia Import prohibiti on on certain shrimp species (HS 0306.13.00; 
0306.23.30)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
23 December 2010 
Indonesia Import regulation on procurement,  circulation, sale, supervision, 
and control on alcoholic beve rages (HS 2203.00.10; 2203.00.90; 
2204.10.00; 2204.21.11; 2204.21.12; 2204.21.21; 2204.21.22; 
2204.29.11; 2204.29.12; 2204.29.21; 2204.29.22; 2204.30.10; 
2204.30.20; 2205.10.10; 2205.10.20; 2205.90.10; 2205.90.20; 2206.00.10; 2206.00.20; 2206.00.30; 2206.00.40; 2206.00.90; 
2208.20.10; 2208.20.20; 2208.20.30; 2208.20.40; 2208.30.10; 
2208.30.20; 2208.40.10; 2208.40.20; 2208.50.10; 2208.50.20; 2208.60.10; 2208.60.20; 2208.70.10; 2208.90.10; 2208.90.20; 
2208.90.30; 2208.90.40; 2208.90.50; 2208.90.60; 2208.90.70; 
2208.90.90)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
28 December 2010 
Indonesia Easier administrative proce dures on imports of final goods by 
manufacturers WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011   
Indonesia New regulations on imports of  cosmetic products  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011   
Indonesia Temporary revised import cont rol procedures for steel and iron 
(HS 7208; 7209; 7210; 7211; 7212; 7213; 7214; 7215; 7216; 7217; 
7229; 7301; 7304; 7305; 7306; 7307; 7308; 7312; 7314; 7317) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 to 
31 December 2012  
Indonesia Temporary revised import regulations for used capital goods 
(HS 7315; 8405; 8407; 8408; 8409; 8411; 8413; 8414; 8417; 8418; 
8422; 8423; 8425; 8426; 8427; 8429; 8430; 8431; 8439; 8440; 
8441; 8442; 8443; 8444; 8445; 8446; 8447; 8448; 8451; 8452; 
8453; 8454; 8456; 8457; 8458; 8459; 8460; 8461; 8462; 8463; 
8464; 8465; 8477; 8478; 8479; 8480; 8483; 8501; 8502; 8514; 
8517; 8708; 8801; 8802; 8803; 8804; 8805; 8901; 8902; 8903; 
8904; 8905; 8906; 8907; 9022) to promote economic development WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 to 31 December 2011  
Indonesia Determination of list of entry point (selected seaports) for certain 
food products, i.e. preparation of meat; sugars; cocoa, preparations 
of cereals, flour, starch or milk; and  preparations of vegetables, 
fruit, nuts or other plants (HS 1601; 1602; 1603; 1604; 1605; 1704; 
1806; 1901; 1902; 1904; 1905; 2002; 2007; 2008) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 to 
31 December 2012  
Indonesia Extension of the list of products subject to non-automatic import 
licensing.  Products covered include, i.e. electronics and household 
appliances (HS 7321; 8413; 841 4; 8415; 8418; 8419); textiles 
(HS 6105; 6301); footwear (HS 6401; 6402; 6403; 6404; 6405); 
and food and beverages (HS 1601; 1602).  Pre-shipment inspection 
requirements reinforced WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 to 
31 December 2012  
Indonesia Temporary elimination of import tariffs (to zero) on certain food 
products, food components, animal feed;  (HS 2301.10.00; 
2301.20.00; 2309.90.20; 3102.10.00);  and mineral and chemical 
fertilizers (HS 3105.60.00)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
24 January 2011 to 
31 December 2011  
Indonesia Termination on 1 February 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of uncoated writing and pr inting paper (HS 4802.55.90; 
4802.56.90; 4802.57.00) from Korea, Rep. of  (imposed on 
11 November 2004)  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/IDN, 
14 October 2011   
Indonesia Initiation on 22 March 2011 of sa feguard investigation on imports 
of tarpaulins, awnings and sunblinds of synthetic fibres 
(HS 6306.12.00) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Indonesia Temporary introduction of sp ecial conditions for imports of  
certain food products (HS 0201; 0202; 0203; 0204; 0205; 0207; 
0208; 0209; 0210; 0401; 0402; 0403; 0405; 0406; 0703; 0708; 
0709; 0710; 0711; 0712; 0713; 0802; 0804; 0805; 0810; 0811; 
0812; 0813; 0814; 0909; 1003; 1102; 1106; 1207; 1209; 1210; 
1211; 1212; 1601; 1602; 1603; 2306; 3502) from Japan, as a result 
of the nuclear crisis  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Indonesia New tax policy, imposing a high er fee (Royalty taxes) on foreign 
films (HS 3706) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Indonesia Temporary elimination (from 5% to zero) of import tariffs on 
182 raw materials and capital goods tariff lines (HS 1507; 2710; 
2805; 2810; 2818; 2822; 2823; 2825; 2901; 2902; 2903; 2905; 
2906; 2907; 2909; 2912; 2916; 2917; 2918; 2929; 2932; 2933; 
2934; 3203; 3204; 3402; 3403; 3811; 3907; 3908; 8408; 8414; 
8421; 8436; 8442; 8443; 8444; 8445; 8446; 8447; 8448; 8449; 
8450; 8451; 8452; 8453; 8475; 8477; 8504; 8505; 8522; 8532; 
8533; 8536; 8540; 8544; 8901; 8904; 8905; 9002; 9007; 9022) Finance Minister  
Regulation 
No. 80/PMK.011/2011 (26 April 2011) Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Indonesia Temporary increase (from 5% to 10%) of import tariffs on 8 
consumer goods tariff lines (HS 1604.12.10; 1604.13.11; 
1604.14.10; 1604.15.10; 1704.10.00; 1704.90.10; 1704.90.20; 
1704.90.90) Finance Minister  
Regulation 
No. 80/PMK.011/2011 
(26 April 2011) Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Indonesia Termination on 16 June 2011 (without measure) of safeguard 
investigation on imports of polypr opylene in granule form products 
(HS 3902.10.20) (initia ted on 26 April 2011) WTO document 
G/SG/N/9/IDN/4, 
23 June 2011   
Indonesia Initiation on 21 June 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of ceramic tableware (HS 6911.10.00; 6911.90.00; 
6912.00.00) from China WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/IDN, 
14 October 2011   
Indonesia Initiation on 24 June 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of cold rolled coil/sheet (HS 7209.16.00; 7209.17.00; 
7209.18.90; 7209.26.00; 7209.27.00; 7209.28.90; 7209.90.90; 7211.23.20; 7211.23.90; 7211.29.20; 7211.29.90; 7211.92.10; 
7211.90.90) from China; Japan; Korea, Rep. of; Chinese Taipei; 
and  Viet Nam WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/IDN, 
14 October 2011   
Indonesia Initiation on 22 August 2011 of safeguard investigation on imports 
of articles of iron or steel wire of single or double coil with a 
diameter of 2 mm to 5 mm, in the form of hexagon with size of 50 mm to 120 mm, plated with zinc or plastic polyvinyl chloride, with the shape of box or cylinder or mesh (HS 7326.20.90) WTO document 
G/SG/N/6/IDN/15, 
23 August 2011   
Indonesia Temporary revised import a nd export control procedures for 
animals and animal products (HS Chapters 01; 02; 04; 05; 16) Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO (3 October 2011) Effective 
1 October 2011 
Indonesia Regulation facilitating customs procedures for business companies, 
entities, or contractors esta blished in Free Trade Zones Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO (3 October 2011)   
Israel Initiation on 11 January 2011 of safeguard investigation on imports 
of glass wool and rock w ool (HS 6806.10.00; 7019.39.19) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Jamaica Termination on 9 December 2010 (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of ordinary portland grey cement 
(HS 2523.29) from the Dominican Republic (initiated on 
30 April 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Kazakhstan Temporary expor t prohibition on light distillates, kerosene, and 
gasoil (HS 2710.19.21; 2710.19.25) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
30 October 2010 to 
6 May 2011 
Kazakhstan Temporary elimination of import tariffs (to zero) on raw cane-
sugar (HS 1701.11) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Kazakhstan Modification of import ta riffs on certain products, i.e. un-
vulcanized rubber mixtures (HS 4005.99.00); transport vehicles 
(HS 87); gold, silver, platinum and palladium (HS 7106.91.10; 
7108.12.00; 7108.20.00; 7110.11.00; 7110.21.00); lorries 
(HS 8704.10.10); separate kinds  of milling-cereal products 
(HS 1103.19.90; 1104.29.18; 1104.29.30); bonded fabric (HS 5603.94.90); certain tropical oils (HS 1511.10.90; 1511.90.11; 
1511.90.19; 1511.90.99); in some cases resulting in decrease or 
increase of tariff rates  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Korea, Rep. 
of Termination on 11 November 2010 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of uncoated woodfr ee paper (HS 4802.55; 4802.56; 
4802.57) from China and Indonesia (imposed on 
7 November 2003) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Korea, Rep. 
of Temporary reduction of import tariffs on certain products, i.e. pork 
(HS 0203.29), fish (HS 0303.74; 0304.29), milk powder (HS 
0402.10; 0402.21; 0402.29), coffee (HS 0901.11; 0901.12), frozen 
orange juice (HS 2009.11), soap (H S 3401.20), and lauryl alcohol 
(HS 3823.70)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
28 January 2011 
until 30 June 2011 
Korea, Rep. 
of Import suspension on certain food products, i.e. spinaches 
(HS 0709.70), celeries (HS 0709.40), turnips (HS 0706.10), 
mushrooms (HS 0709.59), and sand launce (HS 0303.79; 0305.59.70; 0305.69.90) from some regions of Japan, as a result of the nuclear crisis WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective May 2011 
Korea, Rep. 
of Temporary reduction of import tariffs (to zero) on certain products, 
i.e. chicken (HS 0207.12; 0207.14) (quota 50,000 tonnes); cows 
(HS 0102.90) (quota 10,000 heads); processed dairy cream 
(HS 0401.30) (quota 1,500 tonnes); cream cheese (HS 0406.10) (quota 1,200 tonnes); gouda cheese (HS 0406.90) (quota 1,000 
tonnes); pork (HS 0203.90) (quota 20 ,000 tonnes); millet alcohol 
(HS 2207.10) (quota 160,000 kg/l); rice brain oil (HS 1515.90); processed chocolates (HS 1806.20) ; recycled or semi-synthetic 
filament (HS 5403.10; 5403.31; 5403.32; 5403.41); flour 
(HS 1101.00); (from 21% to 8%) raisins (HS 0806.20); and (from 
10% to 5%) manioc chips for alcohol production (HS 0714.10) 
(quota 100,000 tonnes)   Permanent Delegation of 
Korea to the WTO (14 October 2011) Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Korea, Rep. 
of Termination on 15 May 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
benzoyl peroxide (HS 2916.32) from China  (imposed on 
16 May 2008) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/KOR, 
23 September 2011   
Korea, Rep. 
of Termination on 2 September 2011 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of titanium dioxide (HS 2823.00) from China  (imposed on 
2 March 2005) Permanent Delegation of 
Korea to the WTO 
(14 October 2011)   
Korea, Rep. 
of Temporary elimination of import tariffs on malt (HS 1107.10; 
1107.20) and barley (HS 1003.00)  Permanent Delegation of 
Korea to the WTO 
(14 October 2011) Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Kyrgyz Republic Initiation on 15 October 2010 of safeguard investigation on 
imports of poultry eggs (HS 0407.00.30) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Kyrgyz 
Republic Establishment of temporary expor t duties on certain agricultural 
products (HS 1004.00; 1005; 1213; 1214; 2301; 2302; 2304; 2306; 
2308)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
5 November 2010 to 
5 May 2011 
Macedonia, 
Former 
Yugoslav Rep. of Temporary export ban on wheat and meslin (HS 1001) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
10 March 2011 to 
10 September 2011 
Macedonia, 
Former Yugoslav Rep. of Temporary export ban on wheat flour (HS 1101.00) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
8 April 2011 to 
15 September 2011 
Malaysia Stricter import controls on a ll food products from Japan, as a result 
of the nuclear crisis  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
27 April 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 91 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Malaysia Termination on 21 April 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of  polyethylene terephthalate (HS 3907.60.00) from Indonesia; 
Korea, Rep. of; and Chinese Taipei (imposed on 23 October 2005) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/MYS, 
23 September 2011   
Malaysia Termination on 22 August 2011 (without measure) of safeguard 
investigation on imports of hot-rolled coils (HS 7208.10.00; 
7208.25.00; 7208.27.00; 7208.36.00; 7208.37.00; 7208.38.00; 7208.39.00; 7211.13.92; 7211.13.94; 7211.13.99; 7211.14.92; 
7211.14.93; 7211.14.95; 7211.14.99; 7211.19.19; 7211.19.91; 
7211.19.92; 7211.19.94;  7211.19.99) (initiated on 1 May 2011) WTO document 
G/SG/N/9/MYS/1, 
7 September 2011   
Mexico Measures to simplify trade procedures (continuation of the 
programme " Programa de Impulso a la Competitividad " 
established in August 2010) through actions such as the 
simplification of export and import procedures  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Mexico Elimination of special requirement s on imports of cosmetics  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
26 January 2011 
Mexico Termination on 2 Decemb er 2010 of countervailing duties on 
imports of frozen bovine meat (HS 0202.10.01; 0202.20.99; 
0202.30.01) from the EU (imposed on 4 June 1994) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Mexico Termination on 28 December 2010 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of cold rolled sheet (HS 7209.16.01; 7209.17.01) from 
Bulgaria (imposed on 30 June 1999) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Mexico Termination on 21 January 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of  denim fabrics (HS 5209.42.01) from Hong Kong, China 
(imposed on 10 September 1991) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/MEX, 
29 September 2011   
Mexico Initiation on 8 February 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of chicken legs and thighs (HS 0207.13.03; 0207.14.04) 
from the United States  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Mexico Initiation on 24 February 2011 of  countervailing investigation on 
imports of dicloxacillin (HS 2941.10.08) from India WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Mexico Initiation on 11 March 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of monobutyl ethers of ethylene glycol (HS 2909.43.01) 
from the United States  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Mexico Trade facilitation measures on conformity assessment procedures 
on telecom equipment Permanent Delegation of 
Mexico to the WTO 
(3 October 2011) Effective 
10 June 2011 
Mexico Initiation on 8 June 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on imports 
of co-axial cable whether or  not fitted with conductors 
(HS 8544.20.01; 8544.20.02; 8544.20.99) from China   WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/MEX, 
29 September 2011   
Mexico Initiation on 13 July 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of " Amoxicilina trihidratada " - penicillins and their 
derivatives with a penicillanic acid structure; salts thereof 
(HS 2941.10.12) from China and India  Permanent Delegation of 
Mexico to the WTO 
(14 October 2011)   
Mexico Initiation on 13 July 2011 of  countervailing investigation on 
imports of " Amoxicilina trihidratada " - penicillins and their 
derivatives with a penicillanic acid structure; salts thereof (HS 2941.10.12) from China and India  Permanent Delegation of 
Mexico to the WTO 
(14 October 2011)   
Mexico Initiation on 11 October 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of  uncoated paper a nd paperboard weighing 40 g/m2 or 
more but not more than 150 g/m2, in sheets with one side not 
exceeding 435 mm and the other side not exceeding 297 mm in the 
unfolded state (HS 4802.56.01) from Brazil Permanent Delegation of 
Mexico to the WTO (14 October 2011) 
  
Moldova Elimination of export quota on wheat and blend of wheat and rye 
(meslin) (HS 1001.90.910) (imposed on 3 February 2011) WTO document 
G/AG/N/MOL/3/Add.1, 
20 May 2011 Effective 
4 May 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
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  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Morocco Termination on 30 November 2010 (without measure) of safeguard 
investigation on imports of woven carpets, machine-made from 
man-made or other textile materi als, whether or not of pile 
construction and whether or not made up (HS 5702.32.00; 
5702.39.00; 5702.42.00; 5702.49.00; 5702.52.00; 5702.59.00; 
5702.92.00; 5702.99.00;  5705.00) (initiated on 19 July 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Morocco Prior import declaration (D PI) requirement on ceramic tiles, 
flagstones, cubes and the like (HS 6908) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 to 
30 September 2011 
Morocco Termination on 31 December 2010 of safeguard duties on imports 
of ceramic tiles, flags and paving (HS 6908) (imposed on 
26 January 2006) WTO documents 
G/SG/N/8/MAR/2,  
2 September 2008 and G/SG/N/8/MAR/2/Suppl.3, 3 September 2010    
Morocco Initiation on 2 May 2011 of anti- dumping investigation on imports 
of plywood extract (HS 4412.13; 4412.14; 4412.19) from China  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/MAR, 27 July 2011   
Morocco Temporary establishment of im port surveillance procedures (prior 
import declaration (DPI)) on imports of plywood (HS 4412) from China WTO document 
G/LIC/N/1/MAR/3, 25 July 2011 Effective 18 
July 2011 to 18 April 2012 
Nepal Nepal Trade Integration Stra tegy with the aim of promoting 
exports of certain commodities (cardamom, ginger, honey, lentils, 
tea, noodles, medicinal herbs and e ssential oils, hand made paper, 
silver jewellery, iron and steel pr oducts, wool, and pashmina) and 
the development of some services sub-sectors (i.e. tourism, health, education, engineering) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
New 
Zealand Initiation on 15 November 2010 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of wire nails, bright (p lain) and galvanised (coated), of 
various lengths and diameter (other than collated or for collation) 
(HS 7317.00.09) from China  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 
  
New 
Zealand Initiation on 7 February 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of peaches in preserving liquid, in containers up to and 
including 4 Kg (HS 2008.70.09) from Spain WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Definitive duty 
imposed on 3 August 2011 
New 
Zealand Initiation on 19 September 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of flavoured and unflavour ed tomatoes (whole, chopped or 
crushed) in a liquid medium and packed in containers up to and 
including 4 kg (HS 2002.10.00) from Italy  Permanent Delegation of 
New Zealand to the WTO (12 October 2011)   
Nigeria Withdrawal of certain items, i.e. cassava (HS 0714.10.00), 
toothpicks (HS 3926.90.90; 4421.90.90), furniture 
(HS 9401.10.00; 9401.90.09; 9403.10.00; 9404.90.00), health and energy drinks (HS 2202.90.00), a nd textile fabrics and articles 
thereof  from the import prohibition list. Imports subject to an 
import tariff (20% except for energy drinks 10%) and a new levy 
(20%, except for cassava of 15%)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 
  
Nigeria Extension of age limit for importation of used cars 
(HS 8703.10.00; 8703.90.00) from 10 years to 15 years WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Pakistan Initiation on 4 December 2010 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of writing/printing paper (HS 4802.55.10; 4802.56.00; 
4802.57.00; 4802.61.00; 4802.62.00; 4810.13.10; 4810.13.20; 
4810.13.90; 4810.14.00; 4810.19.10; 4810.19.90) from China, 
Indonesia, Japan, and Thailand WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Pakistan Extension of age limit for importation of used cars from 
three years to five years, under the personal baggage, gift and 
transfer of residence scheme WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
8 December 2010 
Pakistan Elimination of export ban on wheat and wheat products (HS 1001; 
1101.00.10)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
13 December 2010 
Pakistan Initiation on 21 January 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of soda ash "sodium carbonate "N 2CO 3" (HS 2836.20.00) 
from Kenya WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 93 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Pakistan Termination on 8 February 2011 (case withdrawn by the applicant) 
of anti-dumping investigation on imports of caustic soda 
(HS 2815.11.00; 2815.12.00) from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Chinese Taipei (initiated on 29 September 2010) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/PAK, 
25 August 2011  
  
Pakistan Initiation on 23 February 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of formic acid 85% and above (HS 2915.11.00) from 
China and Korea, Rep of. WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Pakistan Termination on 25 Februa ry 2011 (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of hot rolled coil 
(HS 7208.10.10; 7208.10.90; 7208.25.10; 7208.25.90; 7208.26.10; 
7208.26.90; 7208.27.10; 7208.27.90; 7208.37.10; 7208.37.90; 
7208.38.10; 7208.38.90; 7208.39.10; 7208.39.90; 7208.40.10; 7208.40.90; 7208.52.10; 7208.52.90; 7208.53.10; 7208.53.90; 
7208.54.10; 7208.54.90; 7208.90.10; 7208.90.90)  from Belgium, 
Japan,  Russian Federation, Ukraine, and the United States 
(initiated on 4 September 2009) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/PAK, 
25 August 2011    
Pakistan Pre-shipment inspection requirement for buses (HS 8702.90.20; 
8702.90.30; 8702.90.90) older than 3 years with seating capacity 
of 40 or above   Permanent Delegation of 
Pakistan to the WTO 
(20 October 2011) Effective 
16 May 2011 
Pakistan Reduction of import tariffs (from 10% to 5%) on certain products, 
i.e.  bars, rods and profile of cooper alloy (HS 7407.21.00);  bars 
and rods of refined coope r (HS 7407.10.10); and sabutol 
(HS 3814.00.00)  Permanent Delegation of 
Pakistan to the WTO 
(20 October 2011) Effective 
4 June 2011 
Pakistan Temporary reduction of impor t tariffs "concessionary rates" on 
certain products, i.e. (from 20% to 10%) on mirrors backing paint 
(HS 3208.10.10); (from 15% to 10%) on well-head, x-mas tree and 
their integral components for the use in oil exploration  (HS 8481.80.90);  (from 10% to 5%) cullet and other waste and 
scrap of glass (HS 7001.00.00); a nd (to 10%) on magnetic tapes in 
jumbo rolls (HS 8523.29.90) and mechanism assemblies of CD/MP3/MP4 for manufacturing of car audio systems 
(HS 8529.90.90) Permanent Delegation of 
Pakistan to the WTO (20 October 2011) Effective 
4 June 2011 
Pakistan Increase (from 10 to 15) of the number of imported inputs subject 
to zero duty and used in the manufacturing of CNG compressors  Permanent Delegation of 
Pakistan to the WTO 
(29 September 2011) Effective 
4 June 2011 
Pakistan Introduction of pre-determined customs values (reference prices) 
on imports of float glass (HS 7003.12.00; 7003.19.00; 7003.20.00; 
7004.90.00; 7005.10.00; 7005.21.00; 7005.29.00; 7009.91.00), from specific origins  Permanent Delegation of 
Pakistan to the WTO 
(20 October 2011)   
Panama Termination on 21 April 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of paint (HS 3208.10.19; 3208.20.19; 
3208.90.19; 3209.10.19; 3209.90.19) from El Salvador, 
Guatemala, Mexico, and the United States (initiated on 
23 October 2009) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/PAN, 13 July 2011   
Paraguay New Decree granting up pref erence in government procurement 
favouring local bidders (from 5% to 70% preference margin) 
depending on the product, and setting a single margin of 40% for national industries or locally manufactured products   WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
4 March 2011 
Paraguay Introduction of import licensing requirement for imports of woven 
fabrics (NCM 5607.90.10; 5806.20.00; 5806.32.00)  Resolución No. 407 
Ministerio de Industria y Comercio (17 June 2011)   
Peru Easier customs procedures through the use of a single window WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Peru Termination on 13 November 2010 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of woven fabrics of co tton and polyester/cotton mixes 
(drill) (HS 5208.12; 5208.13; 520 8.19; 5208.22; 5208.23; 5208.29; 
5208.32; 5208.33; 5208.39; 5209.11; 5209.12; 5209.19; 5209.21; 
5209.22; 5209.29; 5209.31; 5209.32; 5209.39; 5514.21) from 
Brazil (imposed on 11 November 2005)   WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 94  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Peru Termination on 29 November 2010 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of white cement  (HS 2523.21) from Mexico (imposed on 
15 October 2009) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Peru Termination on 22 December 2010 (without measure) of anti-
dumping investigation on imports of  zip fasteners and parts thereof 
(HS 9607.11; 9607.19; 9607.20) from Chinese Taipei (initiated on 
30 October 2009) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Peru Elimination of import tariffs on 131 tariff lines (HS 04; 10; 17; 71; 
74 76; 78; 79; 80); to 6% on 2,487 tariff lines (HS 01; 02; 03; 04; 
05; 06; 07; 08; 09; 10; 11; 12; 13 ; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 
22; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 32 ; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 
41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49 ; 50; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 
58; 59;62; 63; 65; 66; 67; 68; 69; 70; 71; 73; 81; 82; 83; 84; 85; 
87; 88; 90; 91; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97); and to 13% (and then to 
11%) on 792 tariff lines (HS 02; 07; 08; 09; 10; 16; 18; 20; 50; 51; 
52; 53; 54; 55; 58; 59; 60; 61; 62; 63; 64; 84)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Peru Termination on  1 February 2011 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of cups of paper or paperboard (HS 4823.60.00) from 
Mexico (imposed on 4 February 2006) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Peru Termination on  7 February 2011 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of hot and cold rolle d steels  (HS 7208.25; 7208.26; 
7208.27; 7208.37; 7208.38; 7208.39; 7208.51; 7208.52; 7208.53; 
7209.27) from Ukraine and the Russian Federation (imposed on 
8 December 1999) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Peru Termination on  1 April 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
cups of paper or paperboard  (HS 4823.60.00) from Argentina 
(imposed on 5 April 2006) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Peru Termination on  28 July 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
cold rolled steels  (HS 7209.16.00; 7209.17.00; 7209.18.10; 
7209.26.00; 7209.27.00; 7209.28.00; 7209.90.00) from 
Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation (imposed on 14 May 2003) Permanent Delegation of 
Peru to the WTO 
(11 October 2011)   
Peru Termination on  28 July 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
galvanized steels  (HS 7210.49. 00) from Kazakhstan and the 
Russian Federation (imposed on 5 July 2003) Permanent Delegation of 
Peru to the WTO 
(11 October 2011)   
Peru Initiation on 20 August 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of unglazed or glazed ceramic flags and paving  
(HS 6907.90.00; 6908.90.00) from China Permanent Delegation of 
Peru to the WTO 
(11 October 2011)   
Peru Termination on 8 October 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, hot-rolled  
(HS 7208.51.10; 7208.51.20; 7208.52.00; 7208.53.00; 7208.54.00) 
from Kazakhstan (imposed on 11 April 2003) Permanent Delegation of 
Peru to the WTO 
(11 October 2011)   
Philippines Elimination of import ta riffs (3%) on wheat (HS 1001.10.00; 
1001.90.19)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Philippines Extension of the elimina tion of import tariffs on cement and 
clinker (HS 2523.10.90; 2523.90.00)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Philippines Elimination of import tariffs (to zero) on 91 tariff lines  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Philippines Temporary import ban on some food products, i.e. live animals, 
meat, dairy products, plants, fruits, seeds, and animal feeds 
(HS 01; 02; 04; 06; 07; 08; 12; 23) from certain regions of Japan, 
as a result of the nuclear crisis WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
24 March 2011 
Russian 
Federation Temporary import ban on meat and meat products from specified 
origins (Australia, Belgium, Bulg aria, Brazil, France, Germany, 
Netherlands, Serbia, Spain, Tu rkey, and the United States) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
October 2010 to 
April 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 95 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Russian 
Federation New regulation prohibiting the use of poultry meat (except 
refrigerated, mechanically rolled and collagen raw poultry meat) in 
the production of certain food products, i.e. baby food, dietary 
(medical) food, specialized f ood products for pregnant and 
lactating women WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 
Russian 
Federation Reduction of US import quotas for the year 2010 for poultry (from 
750,000  to 600,000 tonnes) (HS 0105; 0207) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Further reduction of 
the quota to 350,000 tonnes 
Russian 
Federation Amendments to the "Industrial A ssembling Investment Regime", 
introducing new local content requirements for domestic car 
assembly industries (30% of the cars subject to be manufactured 
with locally produced engines or transmissions) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2020 
Russian 
Federation Temporary import ban on some food products from certain regions 
of Japan, as a result of the nuclear crisis WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
23 March 2011 
Russian Federation Export ban on certain crops, i.e. wheat (HS 1001.10), barley 
(HS 1003), rye (HS 1002), maize (HS 1005) (originally 
implemented 15 August 2010) Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation to 
the United Nations 
(17 October 2011) The ban was lifted 
on 1 July 2011 
Russian Federation Temporary import ban on fresh vegetables from the EU Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation to 
the United Nations (17 October 2011) The ban was lifted 
on 9 August 2011 
Russian 
Federation Temporary import quotas on oz one-depleting substances 
"halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons" (HS 2903.49.10) Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation to 
the United Nations 
(17 October 2011) Effective 
1 August 2011 until 31 December 2011 
Russian Federation Introduction of new determinati on of export tariffs on nickel 
(HS 7502.10.00) depending on world market prices Permanent Delegation of 
the Russian Federation to 
the United Nations 
(17 October 2011) Effective 
28 May 2011 
Kingdom 
of Saudi 
Arabia Reduction of import tariffs (from 7.5%-20% to 5.5%-6.5%) on 
112 tariff lines, and (from 25% to 15%) on 10 seasonal goods  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
10 December 2010 
Kingdom 
of Saudi 
Arabia Temporary reduction of import tariffs (from 10%-25% to 5%) on 
180 consumer goods  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
February 2011, for 
three years 
Serbia Temporary export ban on wheat and meslin (HS 1001.10.00; 
1001.90.99) and wheat and meslin flour (HS 1101.00.11; 
1101.00.15; 1101.00.90).  On 1 April 2011, partial replacement of the ban on flour with the estab lishment of an export quota of 
11,000 tonnes/month WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 and Permanent Delegation of 
Serbia to the United 
Nations (13 October 2011) Effective 
16 March 2011. The 
ban for wheat was lifted on 16 June 2011 
Sierra Leone Elimination of import tariffs on rice Permanent Delegation of 
Sierra Leone to the United 
Nations (14 October 2011)   
Sierra 
Leone Export ban on certain products, i.e. timber, timber products, rice, 
and palm oil Permanent Delegation of 
Sierra Leone to the United 
Nations (14 October 2011) Some flexibilities 
introduced in 
September 2011 
Singapore Import ban on certain food pr oducts, i.e. vegetables, fruits 
(HS 0701; 0702; 0703; 0704; 0705; 0706; 0707; 0708; 0709; 0710; 
0711; 0712; 0713; 0714; 0803; 0804; 0805; 0806; 0807; 0808; 
0809; 0810; 0811; 0812; 0813; 0814; 0910; 1211; 1212; 1404; 
2001; 2002; 2003; 2004; 2005; 2 006; 2008; 2103), meat (HS 0201; 
0202; 0203; 0206), seafood (HS 0301; 0302; 0303; 0304; 0305; 0306; 0307; 1604; 1605), and da iry products (HS 0401; 0402; 
0403; 1704; 1806; 2105; 2202) from Japan, as the result of the nuclear crisis  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
23 March 2011 
South 
Africa Increase of import tariffs (from zero to 15%) on towers and lattice 
masts for telegraph lines or electric power lines (HS 7308.20.10)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
11 March 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 96  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
South 
Africa Increase of import tariffs (from zero to 5%) on aluminium 
extrusions (bars, rods and profiles) (HS 7604.10.35; 7604.10.65; 
7604.21.15; 7604.29.15; 7604.29.65)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
11 March 2011 
South Africa Decrease of import tariffs (from 10% to zero) on glass ampoules 
(HS 7010.10)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
18 March 2011 
South Africa Elimination of import tariffs on certain products, i.e. (from 22% to 
zero) on woven fabric of polyvinyl alcohol of a width of 30 mm or 
more but not exceeding 60 mm, weighing 60 g/m
2 or more but not 
exceeding 130 g/m2 (HS 5906.10);  (from 15% to zero) on tyre 
cord fabric of high tenacity ya rn of nylon or other polyamides, 
polyester or viscose rayon (HS 5902.10; 5902.20; 5902.90); and (from 10% to zero) on polymerised 1, 2 dihydro-2, 2, 4-trimethyl-quinoline (HS 2933.49.10)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
8 April 2011 
South 
Africa Termination on 6 May 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
biaxially orientated polymers of propylene (BOPP) (HS 3920.20)  from Brazil (imposed on 13 April 2007) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/ZAF, 28 July 2011   
South 
Africa Revised preferential procurement regulations granting preferences 
for local products and Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment "B-BBEE" scheme Regulation Gazette No. 
9544 - Regulasiekoerant 
Vol. 552 - No. 34350 
(8 June 2011) Effective 
7 December 2011 
South 
Africa Termination on 17 June 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
lysine (HS 2922.41)  from the United States (imposed on 
25 January 2002) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/ZAF, 
28 July 2011   
South 
Africa Termination on 17 June 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
carbon black (HS 2803)  from Thailand (imposed on 
13 October 2000)  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/ZAF, 
28 July 2011   
South 
Africa Elimination of the temporary rebate provision (full duty of 55% 
less 20%) on imports of canned pineapples (HS 2008.20) 
(originally imposed in May 2008). Imports from Southern African 
Development Community (SADC) members exempted Report No. 373 of 2011 - 
International Trade 
Administration Commission  
(20 June 2011) Effective 
20 June 2011 
South Africa Creation of a new tariff line (HS 2923.21.20) with an import tariff 
of zero, resulting in a decrease of import tariffs (from 15%) on 
bags, of low-density polyethylene, of a size not exceeding 
15 cm x 23 cm, with no opening and having one pe rforated edge 
incorporating a plastic covered wire seal Report No. 374 of 2011 - 
International Trade 
Administration Commission  (4 July 2011)   
South 
Africa Initiation on 24 June 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on 
imports of  frozen chicken meat , whole bird and boneless cuts and 
offal "species Gallus Domesticus" (HS 0207.12.90; 0207.14.10) 
from Brazil WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/ZAF, 
28 July 2011   
South 
Africa Increase of import tariffs (from zero to 15%) on sewing thread, of 
synthetic filaments (HS 5401.10). Imports from Southern African 
Development Community (SADC) members exempted  Report No. 367 of 2011 - 
International Trade 
Administration 
Commission - Government 
Gazette No. 34463 (No. 
R.593) (22 July 2011)   
South 
Africa Elimination of import tariffs (to zero) on dehydrated castor oil for 
use in the manufacture of alkyd resins in primary form 
(HS 1518.00.90) Report No. 370 of 2011 - 
International Trade 
Administration 
Commission - Government 
Gazette No. 34511 (No. R.644) (12 August 2011)   
South 
Africa Initiation on 23 September 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of  frit  (HS 3207.40) from Brazil Notice No. 644 of 2011 - 
International Trade Administration 
Commission  
(23 September 2011)   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 97 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
South 
Africa Initiation on 23 September 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of screw studding (rods threaded throughout) of steel and 
of stainless steel "threaded rods" (HS 7318.15.41; 7318.15.35) from China Notice No. 647 of 2011 - 
International Trade 
Administration 
Commission  
(23 September 2011)   
South 
Africa Reduction of import tariffs on nonwovens for the manufacture of 
disposable napkins for babies (HS 5603) Report No. 369 of 2011 - 
International Trade 
Administration 
Commission - Government Gazette No. 34541 
(No. R.673) 
(26 August 2011)   
Switzerland Export subsidies for horses (HS 0101.10; 0101.90) (maximum 
Sw F 60,000 (US$67,735) for the year 2010 and Sw F 150,000 
(US$169,338) for the year 2011) granted by the Canton of Jura WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Switzerland Reduction of import tari ffs on compound feed (HS 2309.90.11; 
2309.90.82; 2309.90.89)  and milk replacers (HS 2309.90.81)  Permanent Delegation of 
Switzerland to the WTO 
(13 October 2011) Effective 
1 July 2011 
Separate 
Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, 
Penghu, 
Kinmen 
and Matsu Special safeguard (price-based) measure on imports of chicken 
legs and wings (HS 0207.13.11; 0207.14.11; 0210.99.12; 
1602.32.10) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
19 November 2010 
Separate 
Customs 
Territory of 
Taiwan, 
Penghu, Kinmen 
and Matsu Temporary reduction of import tariffs on certain products, i.e. 
(from 5% to 3.75%) butter (HS 0405.10.00; 0405.90.10); (from 
6.25% to 4.68%) raw cane sugar (HS 1701.11.00); (from 17.5% to 
13.12%) other refined sugar (HS 1701.99.90); (from 6% to 3%) 
flours of maize (HS 1102.20.00); and (from 3% to 1.5%) soya 
beans (HS 1208.10.00) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 December 2010 to 
31 May 2011 
Separate 
Customs 
Territory of 
Taiwan, 
Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu Initiation on 6 December 2010 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of Portland cement (Type I and II) and its clinkers 
(HS 2523.10; 2523.29) from China WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Separate 
Customs 
Territory of 
Taiwan, Penghu, 
Kinmen 
and Matsu Temporary reduction of import tariffs on certain products, i.e. 
(from 6.5% to 3.25%) durum wheat (HS 1001.10.00), other wheat 
and meslin (HS 1001.90.00); (from 17.5% to 8.75%) wheat flour 
(HS 1101.00.10); (from 7% to 3.5%) manioc starch (HS 1108.14.10); (from 20% to 10%) groats, meal of wheat 
(HS 1103.11.00); and (from 10% to 7.5%) milk and cream powder 
(HS 0402.10.00; 0402.21.00)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
10 February 2011 to 9 August 2011 
Separate 
Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, 
Penghu, 
Kinmen 
and Matsu Temporary "suspension of acceptance of inspection applications" 
on all imported food products from ce rtain regions of Japan, as a 
result of the nuclear crisis WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
26 March 2011 
Separate 
Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, 
Penghu, 
Kinmen 
and Matsu Extension of the temporary reduction of import tariffs on certain 
products, i.e. (from 5% to 3.75%) butter (HS 0405.10.00); (from 
8% to 6%) milk fat (HS 0405.90.10); (from 6.25% to 4.68%) raw cane sugar (HS 1701.11.00); (from 17.5% to 13.12%) other refined 
sugar (HS 1701.99.90); (from 6% to 3%) flours of maize 
(HS 1102.20.00); and (from 3% to 1.5%) soya beans (HS 1208.10.00) (originally effective from 1 December 2010 to 31 May 2011) Permanent Delegation of 
the Separate Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and 
Matsu  to the WTO 
(3 October 2011) Effective 1 June 
2011 to 
30 November 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 98  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Separate 
Customs 
Territory of 
Taiwan, 
Penghu, Kinmen 
and Matsu Extension of the temporary reduction of import tariffs on certain 
products, i.e. (from 6.5% to 3.25%) durum wheat (HS 1001.10.00), 
other wheat and meslin (HS 1001.90.00); (from 17.5% to 8.75%) 
wheat flour (HS 1101.00.10); (from 7% to 3.5%) manioc starch 
(HS 1108.14.10); (from 20% to 10%) groats, meal of wheat (HS 1103.11.00); and (from 10% to 7.5%) milk and cream powder (HS 0402.10.00; 0402.21.00)  (originally effective from 10 February 2011 to 9 August 2011) Permanent Delegation of 
the Separate Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, 
Penghu, Kinmen and 
Matsu  to the WTO 
(3 October 2011) Effective 
10 August 2011 to 
9  February 2012 
Separate 
Customs 
Territory of 
Taiwan, Penghu, 
Kinmen 
and Matsu Termination on 3 March 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of art paper from Japan (imposed on 20 July 2000) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/TPKM, 23 August 2011   
Separate 
Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, 
Penghu, 
Kinmen 
and Matsu Special safeguard (price-based) measure on imports of chicken 
legs and wings (HS 0207.13.11; 0207.14.11; 0210.99.12; 
1602.32.10) Permanent Delegation of 
the Separate Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and 
Matsu  to the WTO 
(3 October 2011) Effective 
3 August 2011 to 
31 December 2011 
Separate 
Customs 
Territory of 
Taiwan, 
Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu Special safeguard (price-based)  measure on imports of other 
chicken cuts (HS 0207.11.00; 0207.12.00; 0207.13.19; 0207.14.19; 
0210.90.19; 1602.32.20) Permanent Delegation of 
the Separate Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, 
Penghu, Kinmen and 
Matsu  to the WTO 
(3 October 2011) Effective 
2 September 2011 to 
31 December 2011 
Separate 
Customs Territory of 
Taiwan, 
Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu Special safeguard (price-based) measure on imports of fresh milk 
(HS 0401.10.10; 0401.20.10; 0401.30.10; 0402.99.10) Permanent Delegation of 
the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, 
Penghu, Kinmen and 
Matsu  to the WTO 
(3 October 2011) Effective 
3 July 2011 to 
31 December 2011 
Thailand Initiation on 16 December 2010 of safeguard investigation on 
imports of glass block (HS 7016.90.00) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Provisional duty 
imposed on 15 January 2011 
Thailand Temporary stricter import requi rements for imports of  food with 
risk from radionuclide contamination from Japan, as the result of the nuclear crisis WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
12 April 2011 
Thailand Initiation on 8 July 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on imports 
of flat hot rolled steel added boron in coils and not in coils (HS 7225.30.00; 7225.40.00; 7226.91.10; 7226.91.90) from China Permanent Delegation of 
Thailand to the WTO (3 October 2011)   
Thailand Initiation on 8 July 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on imports 
of inner tubes of rubber for motorcycle (HS 4013.90.20) from 
China  Permanent Delegation of 
Thailand to the WTO (3 October 2011)   
Thailand Initiation on 8 July 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on imports 
of painted hot dip galvanized of cold rolled steel and painted hot 
dip plated or coated with aluminiu m zinc alloys of cold rolled steel 
(HS 7210.70.10; 7210.70.90) from China; Korea, Rep. of; and 
Chinese Taipei   Permanent Delegation of 
Thailand to the WTO (3 October 2011)   
Thailand Initiation on 8 July 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on imports 
of certain hot dip plated or coated with aluminium zinc alloys of 
cold rolled steel (HS 7210.61.10; 7210.61.90) from China; Korea, 
Rep. of; and Chinese Taipei   Permanent Delegation of 
Thailand to the WTO 
(3 October 2011)   
Thailand Initiation on 8 July 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on imports 
of coated paper and paperboa rd (HS 4810.13.90; 4810.19.00; 
4810.22.90; 4810.29.90; 4810.99.10) from China; Indonesia; Japan; Korea, Rep. of; and Chinese Taipei   Permanent Delegation of 
Thailand to the WTO 
(3 October 2011)   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 99 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Tunisia Reduction of import tariffs  (from 36% to 30%) on certain products 
(raw materials, semi-finished products, and capital goods)  
included in HS Chapters 25 to 97 WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Turkey Elimination of import tariffs  (from 20% to zero) on certain live 
animals (HS 0102.90) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 
2011 Effective 
28 October 2010 
Turkey Reduction of import tariffs (from 225% to 30%) on certain sheep 
(HS 0204) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
22 December 2010 
Turkey Initiation on 13 January 2011 of an investigation (for increasing 
MFN rates) on imports of apparel and clothing accessories 
(HS 5111; 5112; 5208; 5209; 5210; 5211; 5407; 5408; 5512; 5513; 
5514; 5515; 5516; 6101; 6102; 6103; 6104; 6105; 6106; 6107; 
6108; 6109; 6110; 6112; 6201; 6202; 6203; 6204; 6205; 6206; 
6207; 6208; 6211) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Provisional duty to 
be  imposed on 
22 July 2011 
Turkey Termination on 27 January 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of  poly(ethylene terephthalate ) in primary forms (HS 3907.60.20) 
from China; India; Indonesia; Korea, Rep. of; Malaysia; Chinese 
Taipei; and Thailand (imposed on 27 January 2006) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Turkey Termination on 27 January 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of  woven pile fabrics and chen ille fabrics (HS 5801) from China 
(imposed on 27 January 2006) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Turkey Initiation on 19 February 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
dioctyl ortophthalates "DOP" (HS 2917.32.00) from Romania WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Turkey Elimination of import tariffs (from 130% to zero) on certain 
products, i.e. wheat (HS 1001), oat (HS 1004), and buckwheat 
(HS 1008) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
25 February 2011 
Turkey Initiation on 28 February 2011 of safeguard investigation on 
imports of poly(ethylene terephtha late), having a viscosity number 
of 78 ml/g or higher (HS 3907.60.20) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Turkey Increase of import tariffs (from 30% to 45%) on meat (HS 0201; 
0202) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
19 March 2011 
Turkey Termination on 4 May 2011 (expiry without review) of anti-
dumping duties on imports of universal AC. DC motors of an 
output exceeding 37.5 w (HS 8501.20.00) from China (imposed on 
4 May 2006) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/TUR, 
12 September 2011   
Turkey Additional increase of import tariffs on meat (HS 0201; 0202) 
from 45% to 60% (on 14 May 2011), and from 60% to 75% (on 
2 July 2011) Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO 
(5 October 2011)    
Turkey Termination on 18 May 2011 (expiry without review) of anti-
dumping duties on imports of polyester flat yarn (HS 5402.47) 
from Korea, Rep. of (imposed on 30 November 1999)  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/TUR, 
12 September 2011   
Turkey Initiation on 15 July 2011 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of slide fasteners (HS 9607.11; 9607.19) from Indonesia 
(possible circumvention of anti-dumping measures of imports from China imposed in March 2005) Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO 
(5 October 2011)    
Turkey Reduction of import tariffs (from 30% to 15%) on bovine meat 
(HS 0102.90.71) Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO (5 October 2011)  Effective 
29 July 2011  
Turkey Termination on 7 September 2011 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of fittings (HS 7307.19) from Montenegro and Serbia 
(imposed on 7 September 2006)  Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO (5 October 2011)    
Turkey Inclusion of paperboard (HS 4707) and aluminium waste and 
scraps (HS 7602) to the list of products subject to export 
registration  Permanent Delegation of 
Turkey to the WTO 
(25 October 2011)    
Ukraine Termination on 26 October 2010 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of  screw compressor (HS 8414.40.10; 8414.40.90; 
8414.80.71) from Belarus, Belgium,  Finland, and Italy (imposed 
on 26 October 2005) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 100  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Ukraine Export tariffs reduction (from 24% to 21%) on scrap metal 
postponed from 2011 to 2012 (HS 7202.99.80; 7204.21; 
7204.29.00; 7204.50.10; 7218.10.00; 7401; 7402.00.00; 
7403.12.00; 7403.13.00; 7403.19.00; 7403.21.00; 7403.22.00; 
7403.23.00; 7403.29.00; 7404.00; 7405.00.00; 7406; 7414.90.00; 7415.29.00; 7415.39.00; 7418.19.00; 7419.75.03; 7602.00; 7802.00.00; 7902.00.00; 8002.00.00; 8101.91.90; 8105.10.90; 8108.10.90; 8113.00.40)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Ukraine Export permit requirement  for non-ferrous metals only granted to 
specialized metallurgical processing plants with  export certificates 
of quality, extended until the year 2015 (HS 7202.99.80; 7204.21; 
7204.29.00; 7204.50.10; 7218.10.00; 7401; 7402.00.00; 7403.12.00; 7403.13.00; 7403.19.00; 7403.21.00; 7403.22.00; 
7403.23.00; 7403.29.00; 7404.00; 7405.00.00; 7406; 7414.90.00; 
7415.29.00; 7415.39.00; 7418.19.00; 7419.75.03; 7602.00; 7802.00.00; 7902.00.00; 8002.00.00; 8101.91.90; 8105.10.90; 8108.10.90; 8113.00.40)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Ukraine Termination on 25 December 2010 (without measure) of safeguard 
investigation on imports of ferroalloys (HS 1001.10.00; 
1001.90.99; 1002.00.00;  1003.00.90; 1005; 1008.10.00) (initiated 
on 12 February 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Ukraine Termination on 28 December 2010 (without measure) of safeguard 
investigation on imports of mineral or chemical fertilizers 
containing three nutrient elements: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with a nitrogen cont ent exceeding 10% (HS 3105.20.10) 
(initiated on 3 February 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 
  
Ukraine Initiation on 29 January 2011 of safeguard investigation on imports 
of certain products of crude oil processing (gasoline of the brand 
A-76 (A-80), A-92, A-95, diesel oil, heating oil, condensed gas, 
road bitumen, machine oil) (HS 2710.11.41; 2710.11.45; 2710.19.31; 2710.19.41; 2710.19.45; 2710.19.49; 2710.19.61; 2710.19.63; 2710.19.65; 2710.19.69; 2710.19.49; 2710.19.51; 
2710.19.61; 2710.19.81; 2711.12.94; 2711.12.97; 2711.13.10; 
2711.13.97, 2711.14.00; 2711.19.00; 2713.20.00) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 
  
Ukraine New regulation requiring the mandatory registration of export 
contracts for certain agricultural and food products (i.e. wheat, and 
grain mixture with wheat; corn; barley; rye; peas; buckwheat; 
millet; oat; soya beans;  seeds of sunflower; rape and flax; cones of 
hop; white granulated sugar of sugar beet; wheat and rye flour; 
meat and by-products of slaughtered animals and poultry; powdered milk; dairy butter; and vegetable oils), at the Agrarian 
Exchange (AE) or other commodity  exchanges, which are certified 
in accordance with legislation on standards for the sale or supply of goods, and which are authorized by the AE to participate in exchange trading WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 February 2011 
Ukraine Termination on 10 March 2011 (without measure) of anti-dumping 
investigation on imports of new pneumatic tyres of rubber, for 
motor cars  (HS 4011.10.00) from Belarus (initiated on 
20 March 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Ukraine Initiation on 10 March 2011 of  anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of cement-asbestos board corrugated (HS 6811.40.00) 
from Belarus  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/UKR, 
19 September 2011   
Ukraine Termination on 6 April 2011 (without measure) of safeguard 
investigation on imports of refrigerators, freezers and other 
equipment for refrigerator or freezer, electric or other types 
(HS 8418) (initiated on 6 May 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Ukraine New extension of export quotas and licensing requirements on 
certain agricultural products such as wheat and blend of wheat and 
rye (meslyn), spelt (HS 1001.10.00; 1001.90.99), corn (HS 1005), barley (200,000 tonnes), and ry e (HS 1002.00.00) and buckwheat 
(HS 1008.10.00).  The export quota for corn (HS 1005.90.00) was 
increased (from 2,000 tonnes to 5,000 tonnes). Measure entered 
into force on 28 December 2010 WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective until 
30 June 2011 
(measure first extended until  31 March 2011) 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 101 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Ukraine Initiation on 27 April 2011 of an ti-dumping duties on imports of  
float glass (sheet glass thermally polished) (HS 7005.29.25; 
7005.29.35; 7005.29.80) from Belarus, Bulgaria, Poland, Russian Federation, and Turkey  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Ukraine Implementation of non-automatic import licensing requirement for 
raw cane sugar (HS 1701.11) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
18 March 2011 
Ukraine Export quota (5,000 tonnes) on corn (HS 1005.00.90) (imposed on 
4 October 2010) WTO document, 
G/AG/N/UKR/5/Add.3, 
13 May 2011 Export quota 
abolished on 
5 May 2011 
Ukraine Implementation of non-automatic import licensing requirement for 
insecticides (except veterinary medicines), fungicides, herbicides, 
means of prevention sprounting and growth regulators, 
rodenticides (except veterinary me dicines) and other similar means 
(except disinfection) (HS 3808.50.00; 3808.91; 3808.92; 3808.93; 3808.99) (some consignments are imported free of charge with the 
permission of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources 
solely for state testing and research) WTO document, 
G/LIC/N/2/UKR/1, 
13 May 2011 Effective 
22 April 2011 to 
31 December 2011 
Ukraine Implementation of non-automatic import licensing requirement for 
meat offal of poultry (HS 0105) , fresh, chilled or frozen 
(HS 0207); and fat free lean parts, pork fat and poultry fat, not flushed and not singled out in any other way, fresh or chilled, frozen, salted or in brine, dried or smoked (HS 0209.00) WTO document, 
G/LIC/N/2/UKR/1, 
13 May 2011 Effective 
1 July 2011 to 
31 December 2011 
Ukraine Initiation on 2 July 2011 of safe guard investigation on imports of 
certain motor cars (HS 8703.22.10; 8703.23.19) WTO document 
G/SG/N/6/UKR/9, 15 July 2011    
Ukraine Export quotas on certain agri cultural products replaced by export 
tariffs (9% but not less than €17/tonne for wheat (HS 1001.10.00; 
1001.90.99); 14% but not less than €23/tonne for barley 
(HS 1003.00.90); and 12% but not less than €20/tonne for maize (HS 1005.00.90)). Export quotas (introduced on 
28 December 2010) were terminated on 25 May 2011 Permanent Delegation of 
Ukraine to the United Nations (19 October 2011) Draft Law No. 923 
of 4 October 2011 
will eliminate export 
tariffs on wheat and rye (meslin), spelt, emmer wheat, and 
corn.  Only export 
tariffs for barley will remain in force until 1 January 2012 
United 
States Termination on 5 November 2010 ( no participation by domestic 
parties in SNR) of anti-dumping du ties on imports of stainless steel 
butt-weld pipe fittings (HS7307.23)  from Chinese Taipei (imposed 
on 16 June 1993); Japan (imposed on 25 March 1988); and Korea, 
Rep. of (imposed on 23 February 1993) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/209/USA, 7 April 2011 
  
United States Termination on 15 November 2010 ( no participation by domestic 
parties in SNR) of anti-dumping duties on imports of non-frozen 
apple juice concentrate (HS 2009.70; 2009.79; 2106.90) from China (imposed on 5 June 2000) WTO document 
G/ADP/N/209/USA, 
7 April 2011 
  
United States Initiation on 18 November 2010 of anti-dumping investigation on 
imports of  multilayered wood flooring, composed of an assembly 
of two or more layers or plies of  wood veneers in combination with 
a core (HS 4409.10.05; 4409.10.20; 4409.29.05; 4409.29.25; 4412.31.05; 4412.31.25; 4412.31.31; 4412.31.40; 4412.31.51; 
4412.31.60; 4412.31.91; 4412.32.05; 4412.32.25; 4412.32.31; 
4412.32.56; 4412.39.10; 4412.39.30; 4412.39.40; 4412.39.50; 4412.94.10; 4412.94.31; 4412.94.41; 4412.94.51; 4412.94.60; 
4412.94.70; 4412.94.80; 4412.94.90; 4412.94.95; 4412.99.06; 
4412.99.10; 4412.99.31; 4412.99.41; 4412.99.51; 4412.99.57; 4412.99.60; 4412.99.70; 4412.99.80; 4412.99.90; 4412.99.95; 4418.71.10; 4418.71.20; 4418.71.90; 4418.72.20; 4418.72.95; 4418.79.00; 4418.90.46) from China  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 
  
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 102  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
United 
States Initiation on 18 November 2010 of countervailing investigation on 
imports of  multilayered wood flooring, composed of an assembly 
of two or more layers or plies of  wood veneers in combination with 
a core (HS 4409.10.05; 4409.10.20; 4409.29.05; 4409.29.25; 
4412.31.05; 4412.31.25; 4412.31.31; 4412.31.40; 4412.31.51; 4412.31.60; 4412.31.91; 4412.32.05; 4412.32.25; 4412.32.31; 4412.32.56; 4412.39.10; 4412.39.30; 4412.39.40; 4412.39.50; 
4412.94.10; 4412.94.31; 4412.94.41; 4412.94.51; 4412.94.60; 
4412.94.70; 4412.94.80; 4412.94.90; 4412.94.95; 4412.99.06; 4412.99.10; 4412.99.31; 4412.99.41; 4412.99.51; 4412.99.57; 
4412.99.60; 4412.99.70; 4412.99.80; 4412.99.90; 4412.99.95; 
4418.71.10; 4418.71.20; 4418.71.90; 4418.72.20; 4418.72.95; 
4418.79.00; 4418.90.46) from China  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
United 
States US Manufacturing Enhancement Act of 2010 "Miscellaneous 
Tariff Bill" extending until 31 December 2012 temporary 
suspensions of import tariffs on certain products used by 
manufacturers, i.e. raw materials, chemicals, yarns, and items not 
manufactured domestically (items in HS Chapters 16; 20; 21; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 42; 44; 55 ; 62; 63; 64; 69; 71; 84; 85; 87; 
90; 92) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
United 
States Termination on 22 December 2010 (no participation by domestic 
parties in SNR) of anti-dumping duties on imports of superalloy 
degassed chromium (HS 8112.21)  from Japan (imposed on 
22 December 2005) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
United 
States Termination on 29 December 2010 of countervailing duties on 
imports of top-of-the-stove stainless steel cooking ware 
(HS 7323.93; 9604.00) from Korea, Rep. of (imposed on 
20 January 1987) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
United 
States Termination on 29 December 2010 (no participation by domestic 
parties in SNR) of anti-dumping duties on imports of  top-of-the-
stove stainless steel cooking ware  (HS 7323.93) from Korea, Rep. 
of (imposed on 20 January 1987) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
United 
States Termination on 29 December 2010 (no participation by domestic 
parties in SNR) of anti-dumping duties on imports of porcelain-on-
steel cooking ware, top of the stove (HS 7323.94) from Chinese Taipei (imposed on 2 December 1986) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
United 
States Termination on 20 January 2011 ( no participation by domestic 
parties in SNR) of anti-dumping duties on imports of granular 
polytetrafluoroethylene resin (H S 3904.61) from Japan (imposed 
on 24 August 1988) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
United 
States Termination on 28 January 2011 ( no participation by domestic 
parties in SNR) of anti dumping-duties on imports of sparklers 
(HS 3604.10.10; 3604.10.90) from China (imposed on 
18 June 1991) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
United 
States Termination on 31 January 2011 ( no participation by domestic 
parties in SNR) of anti-dumping duties on imports of forged 
stainless steel flanges (HS 7307.21. 10; 7307.21.50) from India and 
Chinese Taipei (imposed on 9 February 1994) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
United States Special tax (2%) on foreign persons who receive a specified 
federal procurement payment, if the goods or services provided to 
the US Government are manufactured or provided in any country 
that is not party to an internati onal procurement agreement with the 
United States WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 
  
United States Termination on 10 March 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of magnesium metal  (HS 8104.11; 8104.19; 8104.30; 8104.90) 
from the Russian Federation (imposed on 15 April 2005) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
United 
States Initiation on 26 April 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on 
imports of bottom mount combination refrigerator-freezers 
(HS 8418.10.00; 8418.21.00; 8418.99.40; 8418.99.80) from Korea, 
Rep. of and Mexico  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 103 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
United 
States Initiation on 26 April 2011 of countervailing investigation on 
imports of bottom mount combination refrigerator-freezers 
(HS 8418.10.00; 8418.21.00; 8418.99.40; 8418.99.80) from Korea, Rep. of  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 
  
United States Initiation on 26 April 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on 
imports of steel wheels with a whee l diameter of 18 to 24.5 inches 
(HS 8708.70.05; 8708.70.25; 8708.70.45; 8708.70.60) from China  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
United 
States Initiation on 26 April 2011 of countervailing investigation on 
imports of steel wheels with a whee l diameter of 18 to 24.5 inches 
(HS 8708.70.05; 8708.70.25; 8708.70.45; 8708.70.60) from China WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
United 
States Initiation on 27 April 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on 
imports of certain steel nails having a shaft length up to 12 inches 
(HS 7317.00.55; 7317.00.65; 7317.00.75) from the United Arab Emirates WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 
  
United States Initiation on 27 April 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on 
imports of galvanized steel wire (HS 7217.20.30; 7217.20.45; 7229.20.00; 7229.90.50) from China and Mexico   WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 
  
United 
States Initiation on 27 April 2011 of countervailing investigation on 
imports of galvanized steel wire (HS 7217.20.30; 7217.20.45; 7229.20.00; 7229.90.50) from China WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 
  
United 
States Initiation on 27 April 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on 
imports of certain stilbenic optical brightening agents 
(HS 2921.59.40; 2921.59.80; 2933.69.60; 3204.20.80) from China 
and Chinese Taipei  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 
  
United States Termination on 5 May 2011 of countervailing duties on imports of 
stainless steel plate in coils   (HS 7219.11; 7219.12; 7219.31; 
7219.90; 7220.11; 7220.20; 7220.90) from Belgium (imposed on 
11 May 1999)  WTO document 
G/SCM/N/228/USA, 
28 September 2011 
  
United 
States National Dairy Promotion and Re search Programme introducing 
an import assessment fee (US$0.075/hundredweight) of local or 
imported milk or equivalent (265 HS  tariff lines from Chapters 04; 
15; 17; 18; 19; 21; 22; 35)  Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (11 May 2011) Effective 
1 August 2011 
United States Termination on 20 May 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
purified carboxymethylcellulose  (HS 3912.31) from Mexico and 
Sweden (imposed on 11 July 2005)  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/USA, 
30 September 2011   
United 
States Initiation on 8 June 2011 of anti-dum ping investigation on imports 
of "high pressure steel cylinde rs", seamless steel cylinders 
designed for storage or transport of compressed or liquefied gas  (HS 7311.00.00) from China WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/USA, 
30 September 2011 Affirmative 
preliminary 
determination by 
USITC on 
1 July 2011 
United 
States Initiation on 8 June 2011 of countervailing investigation on 
imports of "high pressure steel cy linders", seamless steel cylinders 
designed for storage or transport of compressed or liquefied gas 
(HS 7311.00.00) from China WTO document 
G/SCM/N/228/USA, 
28 September 2011 Affirmative 
preliminary 
determination by USITC on 1 July 2011 
United 
States Termination on 21 June 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
hot-rolled, flat-rolled carbon quality steel products  (HS 7208.10; 
7208.25; 7208.26; 7208.27; 7208.36; 7208.37; 7208.38; 7208.39; 
7208.40; 7208.53; 7208.54; 7208.90; 7210.70; 7211.14; 7211.19; 7212.40; 7212.50; 7225.11; 7225.19; 7225.30; 7225.40; 7225.99; 
7226.11; 7226.19; 7226.91; 7226.99) from Brazil (imposed on 
12 March 2002) and Japan (imposed on 29 June 1999)  WTO document 
G/ADP/N/216/USA, 30 September 2011 
  
United States Termination on 21 June 2011 of countervailing duties on imports 
of hot-rolled, flat-rolled carbon quality steel products  (HS 
7208.10; 7208.25; 7208.26; 7208.27; 7208.36; 7208.37; 7208.38; 7208.39; 7208.40; 7208.53; 7208.54; 7208.90; 7210.70; 7211.14; 7211.19; 7212.40; 7212.50; 7225.11; 7225.19; 7225.30; 7225.40; 
7225.99; 7226.11; 7226.19; 7226.91; 7226.99) from Brazil 
(imposed on 17 September 2004)  WTO document 
G/SCM/N/228/USA, 
28 September 2011 
  
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 104  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
United 
States Termination on 15 July 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports of 
ball bearings (HS 3926.90; 4016.93; 6909.19; 8432.20; 8431.39; 
8482.10; 8482.80; 8482.91; 8482.99; 8483.20; 8483.30; 8483.50; 
8483.90; 8708.30; 8708.40; 8708.50; 8708.60; 8708.70; 8708.80; 
8708.93; 8708.94; 8708.95; 8708.99; 8803.10; 8803.20; 8803.30; 8803.90) from Japan and the United Kingdom (imposed on 
15 May 1989)  Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (14 October 2011) 
  
United 
States Termination on 10 August 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of certain stainless steel sheet and strip in coils (HS 7219.13.00; 
7219.14.00; 7219.32.00; 7219.33.00; 7219.34.00; 7219.35.00; 
7219.90.00; 7220.12.10; 7220.12.50; 7220.20.10; 7220.20.60; 
7220.20.70; 7220.20.80; 7220.20.90; 7220.90.00) from Germany, 
Italy, and Mexico (imposed on 27 July 1999)  Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (14 October 2011) 
  
United 
States Initiation on 10 August 2011 of an ti-dumping investigation on 
imports of large power transformers (HS 8504.23.00) from Korea, 
Rep. of Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (14 October 2011)   
United 
States Termination on 31 August 2011 of anti-dumping duties on imports 
of certain stainless steel plates in coils (HS 7219.13; 7219.14; 
7219.32; 7219.33; 7219.34; 7219.35; 7219.90; 7220.12; 7220.20; 7220.20.90) from Italy (imposed on 21 May 1999) Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (14 October 2011)   
United 
States Termination on 15 September 2011 ( no participation by domestic 
parties in SNR) of anti-dumping duties on imports of ball bearings 
(HS 3926.90; 4016.93; 6909.19; 8432.20; 8431.39; 8482.10; 
8482.80; 8482.91; 8482.99; 8483.20; 8483.30; 8483.50; 8483.90; 8708.30; 8708.40; 8708.50; 8708.60; 8708.70; 8708.80; 8708.93; 
8708.94; 8708.95; 8708.99; 8803.10; 8803.20; 8803.30; 8803.90) 
from France, Germany and Italy (imposed on 15 May 1989)  Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the WTO (14 October 2011) 
  
United States Termination on 16 September 2011 of anti-dumping duties on 
imports of polyethylene terephthala te "PET" film sheet, and strip 
(HS 3920.62) from Korea, Rep. of (imposed on 5 June 1991)  Permanent Delegation of 
the United States to the 
WTO (14 October 2011)   
Viet Nam New procedures for rice exports, setting stricter conditions such as 
requirement of at least one ware house with a storage capacity of 
5,000 tonnes, and a 10 tonnes/hour  processing milling facility   WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 
Viet Nam Extension until 31 December 2011 of automatic import licensing 
requirements on certain steel products (HS 7029; 7210; 7211; 
7212; 7213; 7321; 7323; 7324), (originally introduced from July 
2010 to 31 December 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Viet Nam Reduction of import ta riffs (by 1% and 6%) on 924 items 
(including agricultural, forest and aquatic products, construction 
materials and electronic products)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011   
Viet Nam Increase of export tariffs (from zero to 10%) on certain jewellery 
products (HS 7108; 7113; 7114; 7115) and gold (HS 8718)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 
Viet Nam Introduction of reference prices for imports covering 13 categories 
of products. Seven additional pr oduct categories were added in 
July 2011 to the list of reference prices   Permanent Delegation of 
Viet Nam to the WTO Effective 
29 January 2011 
Viet Nam Stricter import controls on certain food products  from Japan, as a 
result of the nuclear crisis WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 
2011 Effective 
11 March 2011 
Viet Nam Partial elimination (for certain products, i.e. pork, beef and poultry 
hearts, livers, kidneys) of temporary import ban on frozen animals 
offals, (originally implemented in July 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 The ban was 
partially lifted on 
28 March 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 105 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Viet Nam Increase of import tariffs (up to 50%) on 10 tariff lines 
(i.e. tobacco, inkjet, shelled walnuts, tomato sauce, sanitary ware, 
and parts of iron and steel) (HS 0802.32.00; 2103.20.00; 2403.91.00; 2403.99.40; 2403.99.50; 2403.99.60; 2403.99.90; 
7324.21.00; 7324.29.00; 8443.39.40) included in the list of 
restricted imports   Permanent Delegation of 
Viet Nam to the WTO Effective 
20 June 2011 
Viet Nam Additional import duties on used cars (HS 8702; 8703) Permanent Delegation of 
Viet Nam to the WTO Effective 
29 June 2011 
Zambia Temporary export restrictions on minerals, ores and mineral 
products lifted on 6 October 2011 Permanent Delegation of 
Zambia to the WTO (19 October 2011)   
 
 
  
NON VERIFIED INFORMATION  
Country/ 
Member 
State Measure Source/Date Status 
Algeria Reduction of import ta riffs on sugar and cooking oil WSJ (26 January 2011), 
(WTO document WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011)   
Algeria Cancellation of import certifi cation requirement on quality control 
and origin of the goods Press reports 
(24 March 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011) Effective 
24 March 2011 
Algeria New public procurement law in troducing "Buy Algeria" clause on 
government procurement (increasing the preference margin from 15% up to 25%  for local products and services) Press reports 
(October 2010)   
Algeria Update of the list of importe d pharmaceutical products subject to 
import ban, resulting in a decrease from 358 to 257 products Press reports (8 May 2011)   
Argentina Import/export compensation agreements with importers under 
which importers commit  to export the same value of products 
made in Argentina. For example, compensation agreements "one-
to-one" signed between the Ministry of Industry and 17 car 
manufacturers (Ford, Chery, General Motors, Volkswagen, Mercedes Benz, Porsche, Fiat, PSA, Alfa Romeo, Hyundai, Kia, 
Renault, Nissan, Subaru, BMW, and Mitsubishi), and with John 
Deere machinery manufacturer Ministerio de Industria 
press reports, viewed at: 
http://www.industria.gob.a
r/?p=8316 and 
http://www.industria.gob.a
r/?p=8636   
Australia Export ban on live cattle to Indonesia The Australian 
(8 June 2011) and BBC 
News (6 July 2011) The ban was lifted 
on 6 July 2011 
Australia Elimination of export tariffs on wheat  Agra Europe 
(23 September 2011) Effective 
30 September 2012 
Bangladesh "Transit fees" instead of duties to be charged on goods in transit 
from India to its north-eastern states The Economic Times 
(4 November 2010), (WTO 
document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 106  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Bangladesh Extension of export ban on rice  International Grains 
Council 
(27 September 2011) Effective 
1 July 2011 
Bolivia, (Plurinational State of) Extension of tariff elimination on su gar imports until August 2011 Los Tiempos 
(11 March 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
Brazil Increase of import tariffs on certain products, i.e. (from 14% to 
25%) tools for pressing, stampi ng or punching (NCM 8207); and 
(from 14% to 30%) moulds for metal or metal carbides for injection or compression types (NCM 8480) Press reports (14 
December 2010), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011) Effective 
14 December 2010 
Brazil Increase of import tariffs (from 14% to 20%) on amino-resins 
(NCM 3909) Press reports 
(14 December 2010), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011) Effective 
17 February 2011 
Brazil Non automatic import licensing requirements for imports of 
certain products, i.e. vehicles, auto-parts, paper products, shoes, 
chocolates, sweets, biscuits, and tires  Lanación (16 May 2011) 
and CRONISTA.com 
(18 October 2011)   
China Import regulations on wind tu rbines and telecomm equipment 
gradually being liberalized The Washington Post 
(16 December 2010), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
China Requirements for certification tests on wind turbines. Only local 
test certificates were accepted by the National Energy Administration Press reports 
(1 January 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
China Decrease of import tariffs on certain luxury goods, i.e. cosmetics, 
cigarettes, and alcohol   China Daily - Hong Kong 
Edition (28 June 2011)   
China Temporary import duty exemption for cartoon companies 
importing certain cartoon industrial products  GTA Measure No. 2486 
(1 July 2011)   
China Temporary reduction of import tariffs (to zero) on certain 
products, i.e. nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical 
appliances; parts thereof;  electrical machinery and equipments; 
ships, boats and floating struct ures; and optical, photographic, 
cinematographic, checking, pr ecision, medical or surgical 
instruments and apparatus (HS 8401.40.90; 8406.82.00; 
8413.70.10; 8413.70.90; 8413.70.99; 8413.91.00; 8414.00.90; 8414.80.90; 8419.40.90; 8419.50.00; 8419.89.10; 8421.29.90; 
8426.99.90; 8428.90.90; 8445.11.11; 8445.11.12; 8445.12.10; 
8445.12.20; 8445.12.90; 8445.13.10; 8445.13.21; 8445.19.00; 8445.20.41; 8448.31.00; 8448.32.00; 8448.39.90; 8471.49.91; 
8479.89.99; 8481.40.00; 8501.53.00; 8504.40.20; 8504.40.90; 
8536.50.00; 8537.10.90; 8544.49.21; 8544.60.12; 89; 9025.19.10; 
9032.81.00) GTA Measure No. 2684 
(18 August 2011) referring 
to Notification 
No. 45/2011 Ministry of 
Finance Effective until 
15 August 2011 
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 107 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Dominican 
Republic Import restrictions on wood from Gu atemala  Hoy (15 February 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011)   
Ecuador Amendments introduced to Resolución Comexi No. 17 "import 
licensing requirement" granting some flexibilities to importers    Diario Express 
(1 September 2011)   
El Salvador Elimination of expor t subsidies EFE (17 December 2010), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011) Effective 
1 February 2011 
India Authorization to export 500,000 tonnes of sugar Reuters 
(15 December 2010), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
India Export ban on onions (imposed end of December 2010)  PTI (20 December 2010) 
and Reuters Limited 
(17 February 2011), 
(WTO document WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011) Lifted on 
17 February 2011 
India Increase of import tariffs (to 14%) on jute goods  UNB (26 January 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011)   
India Measures to reduce administrative costs for exporters, i.e. speedier 
clearance procedures and enhanced related infrastructure Reuters (8 February 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
India Import restrictions on solar-power technology  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/13, 
24 November 2010 and 
Wall Street Journal 
(8 February 2011) Effective April 2011 
India Export ban on milk and milk derivatives (HS 0402)  Press reports 
(18 February 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
India Extension of export ban on casein, caseinates, other casein 
derivatives, and casein glues (HS 3501) Press reports 
(18 February 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 108  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
India Termination of export ban on certain types of non-basmati rice 
and onions  Deccanherald.com 
(11 February 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
India Termination of export ban on sugar  AgraEurope 
(21 February 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
India Introduction of import tariff (60%) on sugar  AgraEurope 
(21 February 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
India Termination of export ban on rice and wheat  AFP (23 February 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
India Stricter import controls on certa in food products from Japan, as a 
result of the nuclear crisis.  A ccording to AFP import ban on all 
foods imported from Japan implemented on 5 April 2011. Asia 
Pulse Limited reported that the  import ban was lifted on 
7 April 2011 The Economic Times 
(4 April 2011), AFP 
(5 April 2011), and Asia 
Pulse Limited 
(7 April 2011), (WTO document WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011)   
India Termination of export ban on iron ore  Financial Times 
(6 April 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
India Increase of duty free import garment  quota (from 2 million/piece 
to 10 million/piece) for imports from Bangladesh   Asia Pulse Pty Limited 
(23 April 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
India New guideline from the Ministry of Communication and IT 
regulating government purchases, including "Made in India" 
clause requirements, and granting preference (up to 30% price 
preference) for local manufactured electronic equipment and IT 
focused peripherals.  "Made in India" should have a local value addition at the rate of 25% in th e first year of production to reach 
up to 45% by the fifth year  ITVARNews.net 
(20 June 2011) 
  
India On 31 May 2011, the Department of Telecoms (DOT) issued new 
licensing regulation amending all prior telecom security-related 
policies. Requirements on source code escrow, transfer of 
technology, and mandatory contractua l terms have been removed.  
New DOT regulation requires: (i) mandatory security testing by 
Indian laboratories by 2013; (ii) inspection of hardware, software, 
design, development, and ma nufacturing facilities; and  
(iii) employment of only residents  Press reports (May 2011) 
  
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 109 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
India Introduction of "Registration Certificate" for exports of cotton 
(HS 5201; 5203) granted by the Regional Authority.  Exports of 
cotton also subject to a bank guarantee (2.5% of the value 
equivalent of the quantity for which the certificate is being 
applied, or for Rs 100,000, whichever is more) Notification No. 63 (RE-
2010)/2009-2014 Ministry 
of Commerce & Industry - 
Department of Commerce 
(4 August 2011)   
India New recommendation by th e Telecom Regulatory Authority 
stipulating that at least one-third of the purchase by government 
entities of computers and other electronic equipment be reserved 
for local manufactured items  HT Media Limited 
(14 September)   
Indonesia Reduction of import quotas fo r beef  (from 73,000 tonnes in 2010 
to 50,000 tonnes in 2011) and cattle  AgraEurope 
(4 March 2011)   
Indonesia Elimination of import tariff on so yabean oils Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 411 (26 May 2011)    
Indonesia Reduction of export tariffs (from 25% to 22.5%) on crude palm oil Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 415 
(22 September 2011)  Effective 
1 October 2011 
Indonesia New import licensing requirements for fish and fish products  Press reports referring to 
Decree No. 17/2010    
Indonesia Import ban on dor y fish fillets Press reports referring to 
Decree No. 15/2011    
Indonesia Temporary export tariff on cocoa Press reports 
(22 July 2011) referring to Regulation No. 19/2011  Effective 
22 July 2011 until end August 2011 
Kazakhstan Increase of export tariffs  (from US$20/tonne to US$40/tonne) on 
crude oil  Press reports 
(January 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
Kenya Establishment of maximum prices for essential commodities under 
the Price Control Act (M inistry of Finance to establish the list of 
products) All Africa 
(16 September 2011)   
Kenya Temporary elimination of im port tariffs (10%) on wheat  and 
maize  International Grains 
Council 
(27 September 2011) Effective 
9 June 2011 
Lebanon Temporary import ban on fr esh vegetables from the EU   Agence France Presse 
(3 June 2011)   
Libya Elimination of import tariffs on certain food items, i.e. wheat-
based products, rice, vegetable o il, sugar and infant milk  Financial Times 
(13 January 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
Macedonia, 
Former 
Yugoslav 
Rep. of Stricter regulation on imports of meat and poultry  Press reports referring to 
Official Gazette 
No. 86/2010 
(November 2010), (WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
Annex 1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 110  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Malaysia Exemption of customs dutie s and sale tax on "returnable boxes" 
(packaging material exported a nd subsequently re-imported) Press reports 
(1 September 2010), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
Malaysia Import quota on certain pork cuts  Press reports (July 2011) 
  
Morocco Temporary elimination of import tariffs (1 35%) on milling wheat  Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 406 (25 
November 2010), 
(WTO document WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011) Effective 
16 September 2010 
to 
31 December 2010 
Morocco Temporary reduction of import tariffs on certain products, i.e. 
(from 80% to zero) durum wheat; (from 49% to 2.5%) gluten; and (to 2.5%) hybrid cars  Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 406 
(25 November 2010), 
(WTO document WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011) Effective 
9 November 2010 to 31 December 2010 
Morocco Import ban on cars older than five years  Press reports referring to 
Law No. 44-10 
(1 January 2011), 
(WTO document WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011)   
Morocco Compensation system  for importers of soft milling wheat to keep 
supplies stable  Financial Times (13 
January 2011), (WTO 
document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 
2011)   
Morocco Extension of the temporary el imination of import tariffs on soft 
wheat and hard wheat WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011 and Press 
reports referring to 
Decree No. 02-11-574  Effective 
1 October 2011 to 
31 December 2011 
Myanmar Temporary export ban on rice (imposed in March 2011) Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 411 (26 May 2011)  The ban was lifted 
on 16 May 2011 
Myanmar Temporary reduction of export tariffs (from 10% to 2%) on certain 
products, i.e. rice, beans, pulses, sesame, rubber, corn, marine and 
animal products Financial Times 
(15 August 2011) Effective 15 August 
2011 to 
14 February 2012 
Nigeria Import ban on aircraft older than 20 years  Airliner World 
(February 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
Nigeria National preference in govern ment procurement on the  purchase 
of local assembled or produced cars and machineries  GTA Measure No. 2262 
(30 March 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
Annex 1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 111 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Paraguay Reduction of preference margin (from 40% to 20%) for national 
industries or locally manufactured products on government 
procurement Press reports referring to 
Decreto 6674 
(30 May 2011)   
Sierra Leone Reduction of export tariffs (fro m 6.5% to 3%) on diamonds AFP (21 March 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
South Africa Increase of import tariffs (from zero to 10%) on artificial turf 
(HS 9506.99.20)  Report No. 376 of 2011 - 
International Trade 
Administration 
Commission - Government Gazette No. 34671 
(No. R.844) 
(14 October 2011) Effective 
14 October 2011 
Sri Lanka Reduction of import tariffs  on certain capital goods and vehicles 
(by 25%)  Dowjones Newswires 
(22 November 2010), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
Syria Reduction of import tariffs on certain food products, and reduction 
of consumption tax on coffee and sugar  The Economist 
(12 March 2011), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
Syria Temporary import prohibition of all products subject to a 5% or 
more import tariff  (raw materials, grains, and wheat excepted)   Reuters 
(24 September 2011) and 
Financial Times 
(4 October 2011) Ban lifted on 
4 October 2011 
Tanzania Export ban on certain food products, i.e. maize (originally 
imposed in January 2009) Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 405 
(28 October 2010), 
(WTO document WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011) The ban was lifted 
on 8 October 2010 
Tanzania Reintroduction of export ban on certain food products, i.e. maize 
(originally imposed in January 2009 and lifted on 8 October 2010)  Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 405 (28 October 2010) 
and Agra-net 
(17 May 2011)   
Turkey Initiation on 20 January 2011 of safeguard investigation on 
imports of woven fabrics (HS 5801)  Press reports referring to 
Foreign Trade 
Communique No. 2011/1 
(20 January 2011), 
(WTO document WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011) Provisional duty to 
be imposed on 
21 July 2011 
Turkey Amendments to  the Public Procurement Law  changing the 
preferential margins applicable to local or foreign bidders (15% 
preference margin for locally produced goods) Press reports 
(February 2011)   
Uruguay Stricter rules for copper exports  and local sales  Elpais digital 
(8 February 2011)   
Annex 1 (cont'd) 
 WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 112  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Viet Nam Increase of the minimum expor t price for broken rice (25% grade) 
up to US$445/tonne fob (measure taken by the Viet Nam Food 
Association) Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 405 
(28 October 2010), 
(WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
Viet Nam Ministry of Industry issued a "List of dispensable import goods 
and non-encouraged import consumer goods" for government 
procurement purposes, covering certain products (1,500 tariff 
lines), i.e. agricultural products, cosmetics, clothing and apparel, 
footwear, washing machines, sewing machines, notebooks, mobile phones, automobiles, cameras, watc hes, musical instruments, and 
toys Press reports referring to 
Ministry of Industry and 
Trade Decision No. 1380 
(25 March 2011), 
(WTO document WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
Viet Nam New procedures requiring that imports of certain products, 
i.e. mobile phones, alcohol, moto r vehicles, and cosmetics be 
authorized by a Vietnamese dipl omatic mission in the country of 
origin.  Determination of exclusive entry point (three selected 
seaports) for those imported items Notice 197/TB-BCT 
(30 May 2011) Effective 
1 June 2011 
Viet Nam Increase of export tariffs (from 30% to 40%) on iron and iron ore 
concentrates Press reports referring to 
Ministry of Finance 
notification 67/2011/TT-
BTC Effective 
2 July 2011 
Zimbabwe Increase of import tariffs on maize (to 10%) and cooking oil (to 
15%) Zimbabwe Independent 
(5 August 2011) Effective 
1 August 2011 
Zimbabwe Increase of import tariffs on snacks a nd baked beans (to 25%) Zimbabwe Independent 
(5 August 2011) Effective 
1 September 2011 
  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 113 
 
 
  ANNEX 2 
 
General Economic Stimulus Measures1 
(Mid October 2010 - mid October 2011) 
 
 
VERIFIED INFORMATION  
Country/ 
Member 
State Measure Source/Date Status 
Argentina Aid programme " Programa de Parques Industriales del 
Bicentenario " for infrastructure projects.  The programme also 
includes funds (Arg$300,000 (US$71,352)) for preferential credit for SMEs Permanent Delegation of 
Argentina to the WTO 
(17 October 2011)    
Brazil Special Regime of Reimbur sement of Duties to Exporting 
Companies "REINTEGRA", reimbursing residual duties in the production chain   Permanent Delegation of Brazil 
to the WTO (30 September 2011)    
Brazil Broad programme of industrial development support under the 
"Plano Brasil Maior ". Measures already implemented in the 
areas of internal taxes, government procurement, trade 
facilitation and assistance measures Permanent Delegation of Brazil 
to the WTO (14 October 2011)    
China Support programme (Y 17.5 billion (US$2.7 billion)) included 
in the 2011 budget for the purchase of  agricultural machinery  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
China Termination on 30 Sept ember 2011 of government support 
policy for energy efficient vehicles. A new policy is in place setting higher standards on tec hnology and fuel consumption Permanent Delegation of China 
to the WTO (5 October 2011)  New policy effective 
1 October 2011 
China Elimination of financial aid and local content preferences for 
energy related equipment (wind turbines) Permanent Delegation of China 
to the WTO (17 October 2011)    
EU Extension of state aid to f acilitate the closure of uncompetitive 
coal mines  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 to 
3 December 2027 
EU Extension of the short-term export credit insurance schemes 
for certain Member States (Denmark, Finland, France, 
Germany, Hungary, and Norway) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011 
EU Exceptional support measures (not to exceed €227 million 
(US$317.3 million)), for producer s of certain fruits and 
vegetables, i.e. tomatoes, lettuces, cucumbers, sweet peppers, 
courgettes  due to E. coli Public information available on 
the European Commission's 
website transmitted by the EU Delegation. Commission 
Implementing Regulation No. 
585/2011 (17 June 2011) as amended by  Regulation No. 786/2011 (2 August 2011) Effective 
26 May 2011 to 
30 June 2011 
EU Extension of the short-term export credit insurance scheme  
for certain Member States (Belgium "BELGACAP"  (overall 
budget €300 million (US$419.3 million)), Denmark, and  
Luxembourg (overall budget €25 million (US$34.9 million))) Public information available on 
the European Commission's 
website transmitted by the EU 
Delegation. EU State Aids SA. 32159 (10/N) 
(30 May 2011),  
SA. 32573 (11/N) (13 July 2011), and 
SA. 32846 (11/N) 
(27 May 2011) Effective for 
Belgium and 
Luxembourg until 
31 December 2011, and for Denmark 
until 
31 December 2012 
Austria Extension of a temporary st ate aid scheme (overall budget 
€300 million (US$419.3 million)) aimed at granting aid to 
enterprises of up to €500,000 (US$698,800) per beneficiary 
(Vorübergehenden Gemeinschaftsrahmen) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Annex 2 (cont'd) 
                                                      
1 The inclusion of any measure in this table implies no judgement by the WTO Secretariat on whether 
or not such measure, or its intent, is protectionist in nature.  Moreover, nothing in the table implies any judgement, either direct or  indirect, on the consistency of any measure referred to with the provisions of any 
WTO agreement or such measure's impact on, or relationship with, the global financial crisis. WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 114  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Austria Aid scheme (overall budget €70 million (US$97.8 million)) 
through the provision of risk capital guarantee for all sectors  Public information available on 
the European Commission's 
website transmitted by the 
EU Delegation. EU State Aid 
SA. 32780 (11/N) 
(26 July 2011)  Effective until 
31 December 2013 
Czech Republic Extension of the aid scheme limited amounts (CZK 1 billion 
(US$56.5 million)) of compatib le aid scheme (N 236/09) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Czech 
Republic Extension of the Czech Republic  Framework of subsidised 
interest rates WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Denmark State aid (overall budget DKr 800 million (US$146.9 million), 
annual budget DKr 100 million (US$18.4 million)) through a 
direct grant for Radio Channel FM4 WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 November 2011 to 
31 October 2019 
Denmark Aid scheme (overall budget DKr  3 billion (US$551 million) 
and annual budget  DKr 350 million (US$64.3 million)) 
through the provision of direct grant for all sectors  Public information available on 
the European Commission's 
website transmitted by the EU 
Delegation. EU State Aid SA. 
22116 (11/N) (20 April 2011)  Effective until 
1 February 2017 
Denmark Aid scheme (overall budget DKr 75 million 
(US$18.8 million)) through the provision of guarantee for 
SMEs  Public information available on 
the European Commission's 
website transmitted by the EU Delegation. EU State Aid 
SA. 33022 (11/N) 
(4 August 2011)  Effective until 
31 December 2015 
Estonia Extension of a temporary state aid scheme "compatible limited 
amount" (overall budget €13 million (US$18.2 million)) 
aimed at granting aid to enterprises of up to €500,000 
(US$698,800) per beneficiary WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011 
France Extension of a temporary st ate aid scheme (overall budget 
€50 million (US$69.9 million)) aimed at granting aid to 
enterprises of up to €500,000 (US$698,800) per beneficiary  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011   
France Extension of the scheme "Régime temporaire relatif aux aides 
sous forme de garanties (N 23/09) and taux d'intérêt bonifié 
(N 15/09)" WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011   
France Extension of the temporary aid scheme for farmers (overall 
budget €700 million (US$978.3 million)) "Régime temporaire 
d'aides d'Etat à montant limité adaptées, pour le secteur agricole, au contexte de la crise économique et financière" 
(initially adopted on 2 December 2009)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 March 2011 
France Aid scheme (€400 million (US$559 million)) through the 
provision of risk capital for young innovative enterprises (Fonds national d'amorçage ) Public information available on 
the European Commission's 
website transmitted by the 
EU Delegation. EU State Aid SA. 31730 (11/N)  (20 April 2011)  Effective until 2030 
Germany Extension of the temporary aid scheme "Federal Framework 
for low interest loans" WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 to 31 December 2011   
Germany Extension of a temporary state aid scheme aimed at granting 
aid to enterprises of up to €500,000 (US$698,800) per 
beneficiary (scheme initially implemented on 30 December 
2008) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 1 January 
2011 to 31 December 2011   
Germany Extension of a temporary state aid scheme "Guarantee Scheme 
under the Temporary Framewor k" (overall budget €2.5 billion 
(US$3.5 billion))  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 1 January 
2011 to 
31 December 2011   
Germany Extension of the temporary aid scheme (overall budget 
€100 million (US$139.8 million)) "Federal Framework for 
small amounts of compatible aid in agriculture" for farmers 
(€15,000 (US$20,964)) (initially adopted on 
23 November 2010)  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011   
Annex 2 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 115 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Greece Extension of a temporary state aid scheme "compatible limited 
amount" (overall budget €2 billion (US$2.8 billion) aimed at 
granting aid to enterprises of up to €500,000 (US$698,800) per beneficiary WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011   
Greece Temporary state aid scheme re lated to loan guarantees for 
companies encountering financing difficulties as a result of the 
credit squeeze in the current economic crisis Public information available on 
the European Commission's website transmitted by the EU 
Delegation. EU State Aid SA. 
32204 (2011/N)  (26 July 2011)  Effective 
26 July 2011 to 
31 December 2011   
Hungary Extension of a temporary state aid scheme aimed at granting 
aid to enterprises (non-financial companies) of up to €500,000 
(US$698,800) per beneficiary (scheme initially implemented 
on 30 December 2008) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Hungary Extension of the Guarantee scheme  granting aid in the form of 
guarantees for investment and working capital loans 
(including financial leasing fo r the procurement of production 
assets) through the Rural Credit Guarantee Foundation for 
SMEs WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
21 February 2011 to 
31 December 2011 
Hungary Extension of the Temporary aid scheme (Ft 10 billion 
(US$47.1 million) for granting aid in the form of loans with 
subsidized interest rate (N 78/09) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011   
Hungary Extension of the temporary aid scheme (overall budget €18.2 
million (US$25.4 million)) for farmers (€15, 000 (US$20,964) 
per beneficiary) (initially  adopted on 5 January 2010) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011   
Italy Extension of the guarantee scheme (overall budget €200 
million (US$279.5 million)) "t emporary aid scheme for 
granting aid in the form of guarantees" WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 to 
31 December 2011 
Italy Extension  of  the aid scheme "limited amount of compatible 
aid under the Temporary Fr amework" (budget €1 billion 
(US$1.4 billion)) aimed at granti ng aid to enterprises of up to 
€500,000 (US$698,800) per beneficiary, and of subsidized interest rates until 31 December 2013 (scheme initially implemented on 29 May 2009) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Aid effective until 
31 December 2011   
Italy Extension  of  the aid scheme "soft loan" aimed at granting aid 
to enterprises in the form of reduced interest rates on loans 
concluded before 31 December 2010 WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 to 31 December 2011 
Latvia Amendment to the temporary framework scheme (aproved on 
19 March 2009) tightening the conditions of the aid to be granted Public information available on 
the European Commission's 
website transmitted by the EU 
Delegation. EU State Aid SA. 32051 amending N 506/2009  (23 May 2011)    
Lithuania Extension of a temporary state aid scheme "compatible limited 
amount" (overall budget LTL 182.7 billion (US$74 billion)) 
aimed at granting aid to enterprises of up to €500,000 
(US$698,800) per beneficiary WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 March 2011 to 31 December 2011   
Luxembourg Temporary aid scheme granting aid in the form of guarantees Public information available on 
the European Commission's 
website transmitted by the EU 
Delegation (29 July 2011) Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Netherlands Prolongation of the scheme (overall budget €2.81 million 
(US$3.9 million)) "limited am ounts of compatible aid 
(guarantees for working capital) for undertakings active in the primary production of agricultural products" WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011   
Netherlands Prolongation of Dutch limited amounts of compatible aid 
scheme (N 156/09) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011   
Poland Temporary aid scheme (Zl 400,000 (US$125,833)) in the form 
of soft loan for manufacturing industry  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
15 November 2010 
to 15 May 2011 
Annex 2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 116  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Poland Aid scheme (overall budget Zl 2.7 million (US$849,377)), in 
the form of rescue aid loan to transport firms EU State Aid SA. 32480 (N/11)  
(13 July 2011)  Effective 
15 October 2010 to 
15 April 2011 
Poland Aid scheme (overall budget Zl 1.23 million (US$386,938)), in 
the form of rescue aid loan to service firms EU State Aid N 492/10 
(24 May 2011)  Effective 
15 October 2010 to 
15 April 2011 
Portugal "Subsidized credit line (initially €750 million (US$1 billion) 
and increased to €800 million (U S$1.1 billion))". Modification 
of the state aid scheme N 13/2009 "Limited amount of aid", initially adopted on 19 January 2009 and extended on 7 January 2011 WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Romania Temporary state aid (€30 mi llion (US$41.9 million)) to 
support access to finance in the agriculture sector WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Romania Temporary state aid (€304 million (US$424.9 million)) for 
primary production of agricultural products  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Romania Prolongation of the temporary aid scheme (overall budget 
leu 200 million (US$62.9 million)) fo r granting aid in the form 
of guarantees EU State Aid SA. 32551 (11/N)  
(29 March 2011)  Effective 
29 March 2011 to 
31 December 2011   
Romania Aid scheme (overall budget leu 1.3 billion (US$409 million)), 
in the form of direct grant for crop and animal production EU State Aid SA. 32174 (10/N)  
(20 April 2011)  Effective until 31 
December 2011 
Slovenia Temporary state aid to help farmers (€3.8 million 
(US$5.3 million))  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Spain Extension of the temporary aid scheme (overall budget 
€700 million (US$978.3 million)) gran ting aid in the form of 
guarantees Public information available on 
the European Commission's 
website transmitted by the EU Delegation (31 May 2011) Effective until 
31 December 2011 
Sweden State guarantee (overall budget €500 million 
(US$698.8 million)) for Volvo Personvagnar AB through the 
Swedish National Debt Office (Riksgäldskontoret) to co-
finance the development of environment-friendly cars WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
20 December 2010 
to 
20 December 2020 
Sweden Tax reduction on renewable fuels (overall budget 
SKr 8,540 million (US$1,342 million)) benefiting the chemical and pharmaceutical industries EU State Aid SA. 31782 (N 
539/10)  (17 December 2010)  Effective 
1 January 2011 to 31 December 2013 
United 
Kingdom Extension of a temporary st ate aid scheme (overall budget 
€500 million (US$698.8 million)) aimed at granting aid to enterprises of up to €500,000 (US$698,800) per beneficiary  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 January 2011 to 31 December 2011   
Hong Kong, China The Hong Kong Export Credit Insurance Corporation (ECIC) 
which provides exporters with export credit insurance 
protection against non-payment risk, launched a series of 
enhancement measures to assist  exporters to sustain their 
business and develop new market s, during the global financial 
crisis.  These measures include , when risk allows, providing 
higher covers for exporters, and expediting processing of 
credit limit applications Permanent Delegation of 
Hong Kong, China to the WTO (16 May 2011)   
Hong 
Kong, 
China The SMEs funding schemes run by the Government of Hong 
Kong, China help local SMEs secure loans, expand export 
markets and enhance their competitiveness.  To provide 
continued support to SMEs, the Government increased the 
total loan guarantee commitment under the scheme from HK$20 billion (US$2.56 billion) to HK$30 billion 
(US$3.85 billion), and the total commitment for the SME 
Export Marketing Fund and SME Development Fund from HK$2.75 billion (US$0.35 b illion) to HK$3.75 billion 
(US$0.48 billion) in July 2011 Permanent Delegation of 
Hong Kong, China to the WTO 
(16 May 2011)   
India Focus Market Scheme providi ng duty credit equivalent to 3% 
of f.o.b. value of exports. 110 markets covered under this 
scheme Permanent Delegation of India 
to the WTO (14 October 2011)   
Indonesia Programme facilitating the pr ovision of subsidized fertilizers 
for the agriculture sector   Permanent Delegation of 
Indonesia to the WTO 
(3 October 2011)   
Annex 2 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/OV/14 
 Page 117 
 
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Japan Financial aid (¥33 billi on (US$435 million)) through the 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry for 160 capital 
investment projects aiming at reducing the use of rare earth 
minerals WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Japan "Enhanced Facility for Global Cooperation in Low Carbon 
Infrastructure and Equity Investment" (E-FACE) aimed at promoting a package of infrastructure related exports. The  
E-FACE aims at mobilizing private capital through Japan 
Bank for International Cooperation ˊs (JBIC) equity 
participation, guarantee functions and loans WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
1 April 2011 
Japan New emergency fund (US $100 billion) through Japan Bank 
for International Co-operation to encourage mergers and 
acquisitions, and for SMEs to support exports Permanent Delegation of Japan 
to the WTO (14 October 2011) Valid for one year 
Korea, Rep. 
of Korean Hidden Champion Programme of the Export-Import 
Bank of Korea (KEXIM) providing tailored loans and 
guarantees at market rates according to the risk profile of the 
borrower, for selected SMEs  with high technologies and 
growth potential (112 identified as of April 2011). The total amount of  the programme is not fixed, and the programme is not aimed at specific sectors WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Korea, Rep. 
of Financial aid (W 48 billion (US$41.9 million) for the period 
2011-13) through the Ministry of Knowledge Economy 
(MKE) to non-profit R&D organizations for pre-marketing 
testing, verification equipment, and infrastructure for new and 
renewable energy developed by SMEs WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Korea, Rep. 
of Special Act on Fostering and Supporting Pharmaceutical 
Industry aiming at providing local pharmaceutical companies 
with information on domestic and overseas pharmaceutical markets, and rewarding outstanding pharmaceutical companies Permanent Delegation of Korea 
to the WTO (14 October 2011) Effective 
31 March 2012 
Korea, Rep. 
of "Urgent Management Stabilization Fund" (W 100 billion 
(US$87.3 million)), through Kor ea Finance Corporation for 
SMEs for purchase of raw materials Permanent Delegation of Korea 
to the WTO (14 October 2011)   
Korea, Rep. 
of Government programme to enhance global competitiveness 
for local auto-parts manufacturers Permanent Delegation of Korea 
to the WTO (14 October 2011)   
New 
Zealand Extension of the Short-Term Trade Credit Guarantee  
(ST-TCG) scheme (originally established in 2009) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
June 2014 
Peru Elimination of economic stim ulus measures (Plan de Estímulo 
Económico - PEE initiated in February 2009) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Philippines Export Support Fund ( ₱ 80 million (US$1.9 million)) under 
the Philippine Export Development Plan 2011-13 Permanent Delegation of 
Philippines to the WTO 
(14 October 2011)   
Russian 
Federation Financial aid for certain sectors, i.e. forestry, textiles, aircraft 
industry Permanent Delegation of the 
Russian Federation to the 
United Nations (17 October 2011)   
Singapore Export Coverage Scheme (E CS) intended to cover insolvency 
and protracted defaults of end buyers (coverage up to 90%). 
Originally scheduled to be effective from 1 March 2009 to 
28 February 2010. (The ECS was extended until 
31 January 2011) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Scheme expired on 
31 January 2011 
Singapore Trade Credit Insurance Scheme (TCIS), granting government 
support up to 50% of minimum premium for trade credit 
insurance subject to a maximum support of S$100,000 
(US$80,386) for companies based in Singapore which have a 
turnover of less than S$100 million (US$80.4 million). The 
TCIS replaced the Export Coverage Scheme (ECS)  Permanent Delegation of 
Singapore to the WTO 
(5 October 2011) Effective 
1 February 2011 
Switzerland State aid (Sw F 12 milli on (US$13.9 million) additional per 
year for 2011 and 2012) for tourism promotion WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
Annex 2 (cont'd) 
 WT/TPR/OV/14 
Page 118  
 
  Country/ 
Member State Measure Source/Date Status 
Switzerland Government support (Sw F 870 million (US$ 1 billion)) for 
certain sectors, i.e. innovation and technology 
(Sw F 212.5 million (US$246 million)), tourism  
(Sw F 100 million (US$115.8 million )), incorporated products 
(Sw F 10 million (US$11.6 milli on)), and transportation  
(Sw F 46.5 million (US$53.8 million)) Permanent Delegation of 
Switzerland to the WTO 
(13 October 2011) Approved by 
Parliament on 
30 September 2011 
Thailand First car buyer scheme, granting tax rebates (maximum 
B 100,000 per unit (US$3,275/unit)),  to purchase new vehicles 
with an engine capacity of no more than 1,500 cc and pick-ups costing less than B 1 million (US$32,755).  The vehicles are to 
be locally manufactured. On 27 September 2011, scheme was 
modified to include  imported vehicles Permanent Delegation of 
Thailand to the WTO 
(19 October 2011) Effective 
16 September 2011 
to 
31 December 2012 
Thailand "Rice mortgage scheme"  (overall budget B 4 billion 
(US$131 million)) to help increase farmers' income through 
subsidy of B 15,000/tonne (US$491/tonne) for premium white rice and B 20,000/tonne (US$655/tonne) for Hom Mali jasmine rice Permanent Delegation of 
Thailand to the WTO Effective 
7 October 2011 to 
29 February 2012 (except for the 
Southern region:  
until 21 July 2012) 
Ukraine Financial support for ca ttle breeders (breeding farms 
Hrv 1,900 (US$238) and multip lication farms Hrv 1,000 
(US$125)) WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective 
2 March 2011 
United States Extension of the excise tax credit (US$0.45/gallon) for ethanol 
producers, included in the Tax Relief, Unemployment 
Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010  WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011 Effective until 
31 December 2011   
Uruguay Temporary financial support for milk producers (up to 
US$30,000) for the purchase  of livestock feeding products,  
granted by the Banco Républica Oriental del Uruguay WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011   
 
 
  
NON-VERIFIED INFORMATION  
Country/ 
Member 
State Measure Source/Date Status 
Bangladesh Financial aid (Tk 350 million (US$4.6 million)) for rice 
farmers to purchase fertilizers Grain Market Report GMR 
No. 411 (26 May 2011)   
Brazil Special credit line through loans granted by BNDES for local 
auto-parts producers Press reports (2 August 2011)   
India The Reserve Bank of India restored an interest subvention 
(2%) on rupee credit for exporters from labour-intensive and 
small-scale industries (i.e. handicrafts, handlooms, carpets, 
gems, and jewellery) Financial Express 
(12 October 2011) Effective April 2011 
to 31 March 2012 
Indonesia Termination of stimulus package adopt ed in 2009   Press reports (various dates)   
Kazakhstan Short-term export cred it insurance scheme (T 700 million 
(US$4.7 million)) for the year 2011 Press reports (September 2011)   
Sri Lanka Tax breaks for certain sector s, i.e. agriculture, fishery, and 
construction Dowjones Newswires 
(22 November 2010), 
(WTO document WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 9 June 2011) 
  
Viet Nam Preferential lending rates in US dollars for exporters operating 
in certain "key" sectors, i.e. agriculture, fisheries, rubber, 
textiles and garment through the Vietnam Commercial Joint 
Stock Bank for Industry and Trade Press reports referring to 
Ministry of Industry and Trade 
Decision No. 1380 
(25 March 2011), (WTO document 
WT/TPR/OV/W/5, 
9 June 2011)   
 
 
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