APPENDIX TABLES European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 161 
 
 
Table AI.1 
Destination of exports, 2003-07 
(€ million and percent) 
  2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Total (€ million) 869,235.7 952,954. 2 1,053,187.8 1,159, 276.0 1,240,098.1 
  (per cent) 
  America 34.6 32.8 32.2 31.7 29.5 
    United States 26.2 24.7 24.0 23.2 21.1 
    Other America 8.4 8.1 8.2 8.5 8.4 
      Canada 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.1 
      Brazil 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 
      Mexico 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 
            
  Europe 17.6 18.1 18.1 18.2 18.3 
    EC(25) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
    EFTA 11.7 11.4 11.4 11.2 11.3 
      Switzerland 8.3 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.6 
      Norway 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 
    Other Europe 5.9 6.7 6.6 6.9 6.9 
      Turkey 3.5 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 
      Croatia 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 
            
  Commonwealth of Independent St ates (CIS) 6.2 7.0 7.8 9.1 10.4 
      Russian Federation 4.3 4.8 5.4 6.2 7.2 
      Ukraine 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.8 
            
  Africa 8.0 8.0 8.2 7.9 8.3 
      South Africa 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 
            
  Middle East 7.9 8.0 8.4 7.9 7.9 
      United Arab Emirates 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.2 
      Saudi Arabia 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 
      Israel 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 
            
  Asia 24.1 24.4 23.6 23.5 23.7 
    China 4.8 5.1 4.9 5.5 5.8 
    Japan 4.7 4.6 4.2 3.9 3.5 
    Six East Asian Traders 8.6 8.6 8.4 8.2 8.0 
      Korea, Rep. of 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 
      Hong Kong, China 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.7 
      Singapore 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 
      Chinese Taipei 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 
    Other Asia 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.4 
      India 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.4 
      Australia 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.8 
            
  Other 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 
      Areas n.e.s 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 
Source:  WTO Secretariat estimate, based on EUROSTAT data.  WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
Page 162 
 
 
Table AI.2 
Structure of exports, 2003-07 
(€ million and per cent) 
  2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Total (€ million) 869,235.7 952,954. 2 1,053,187.8 1,159, 276.0 1,240,098.1 
  (per cent) 
Total primary products 11.6 11.7 12.5 13.7 13.6 
   Agriculture 6.9 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.2 
      Food 5.8 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.2 
         1124 Spirits 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 
      Agricultural raw material 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 
   Mining 4.6 5.2 6.2 7.4 7.4 
      Ores and other minerals 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 
      Non-ferrous metals 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 
      Fuels 3.0 3.3 4.2 4.9 4.8 
         3340 rest of 334 not defined 2.0 2.4 3.3 4.0 3.9 
            
Manufactures 83.4 83.3 82.7 81.6 74.8 
   Iron and steel 2.2 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.9 
   Chemicals 15.5 15.2 15.0 15.2 14.8 
         5429 Medicaments, n.e.s. 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.5 
         5157 Other  heterocyclic compounds; nucleic acids 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 
         5416 Glycosides; glands, etc. and extracts; 
  antisera/vaccines, etc. 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 
   Other semi-manufactures 8.5 8.4 8.1 8.1 7.7 
         6672 Diamonds (excl. industrial, sorted) not 
          mounted/set 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 
   Machinery and transport equipment 43.6 43.8 44.1 42.9 37.9 
      Power generating machines 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 
         7149 Parts of engines and motors of 714.41 and  
  714.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 
      Other non-electrical machinery 12.2 12.7 12.5 13.0 13.1 
         7478 Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances,  
  n.e.s. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 
      Office machines & telecommun ication equipment 8.2 8.4 8.9 7.8 2.8 
         7599 Parts and accessories of 751.1, 751.2, 751.9 
 and 752 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.7 
      Other electrical machines 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.6 
      Automotive products 10.4 10.2 9.9 9.8 9.8 
         7812 Motor vehicles for the transport of persons, 
 n.e.s. 6.6 6.3 6.0 5.9 5.7 
         7843 Other motor vehicle parts and accessories of 
 722, 781 to 783 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 
         7821 Goods vehicles 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 
         7132 Internal combustion engines for vehicles of 78; 
          744.14, 744.15, 891.11 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 
      Other transport equipment 5.3 5.1 5.5 4.8 4.9 
         7924 Aeroplanes, etc. (excl. helicopters), 
 >15,000 kg unladen 1.8 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.4 
         7932 Ships, boats, etc. (excl. pleasure craft, tugs, 
 etc.) 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 
   Textiles 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.3 
   Clothing 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 
   Other consumer goods 10.1 10.0 9.6 9.5 8.7 
            
Other 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.4 
   Gold 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 
Source: WTO Secretariat estimate, based on EUROSTAT data. European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 163 
 
 
Table AI.3 
Origin of imports, 2003-07 
(€ million and per cent) 
  2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Total (€ million) 935,24 5.5 1,027,522.1 1, 180,004.8 1,351,74 4.4 1,425,547.9 
  (per cent) 
  America 24.7 23.3 21.6 20.9 20.9 
    United States 16.9 15.5 13.9 13.0 12.7 
    Other America 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.9 8.2 
      Canada 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 
      Brazil 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.3 
      Chile 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 
            
  Europe 15.8 15.8 15.5 15.4 15.3 
    EFTA 12.1 11.7 11.6 11.4 11.0 
      Switzerland 6.4 6.1 5.7 5.4 5.5 
      Norway 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.9 5.4 
    Other Europe 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.2 
      Turkey 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 
            
  Commonwealth of Independent St ates (CIS) 9.3 10.3 11.9 13.2 12.9 
      Russian Federation 7.6 8.2 9.5 10.4 10.1 
      Kazakhstan 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9 
            
  Africa 8.9 8.5 9.3 9.3 9.0 
      Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.9 
      Algeria 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.5 
      South Africa 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 
            
  Middle East 4.3 4.7 5.7 5.1 4.7 
      Saudi Arabia 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.3 
      Iran Islamic Rep. 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 
            
  Asia 36.3 36.7 35.5 35.5 36.5 
    China 11.4 12.5 13.6 14.4 16.2 
    Japan 7.7 7.3 6.3 5.7 5.5 
    Six East Asian Traders 10.8 10.7 9.9 9.7 9.1 
      Korea, Rep. of 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.8 
      Chinese Taipei 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.8 
      Singapore 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 
      Malaysia 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 
      Thailand 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 
    Other Asia 6.4 6.2 5.7 5.7 5.7 
      India 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 
      Indonesia 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 
            
  Other 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 
Source:  WTO Secretariat estimate, based on EUROSTAT data. WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
Page 164 
 
 
Table AI.4 
Structure of imports, 2003-07 
(€ million and per cent) 
  2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Total EU27 (€ million) 935,245.5 1,027,522.1 1,180,004.8 1,351,744.4 1,425,547.9 
  (per cent) 
Total primary products 29.5 30.4 33.8 36.2 35.4 
   Agriculture 9.0 8.4 7.7 7.3 7.6 
      Food 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.7 6.0 
      Agricultural raw material 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 
   Mining 20.5 22.0 26.0 28.9 27.8 
      Ores and other minerals 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.5 
      Non-ferrous metals 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.9 3.0 
         6841 Aluminium and aluminium alloys, unwrought 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 
         6821 Copper anodes; a lloys; unwrought 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.7 
      Fuels 16.9 17.8 22.1 23.7 22.2 
         3330 Crude oils of petroleum and bituminous minerals 10.5 11.5 14.6 15.4 14.5 
         3340 rest of 334 not defined 1.9 2.1 2.9 3.2 2.9 
         3432 Natural gas, in the gaseous state 2.6 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.3 
         3212 Other coal, whether or pulverized, not 
 agglomerated 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 
            
Manufactures 65.6 65.4 62.5 59.8 60.6 
   Iron and steel 1.4 1.9 1.9 2.2 3.0 
   Chemicals 8.5 8.5 8.1 8.0 8.3 
         5429 Medicaments, n.e.s. 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 
   Other semi-manufactures 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.1 5.6 
         6672 Diamonds (excl. industrial, sorted) not 
 mounted/set 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 
   Machinery and transport equipment 33.7 33.6 32.0 29.7 28.9 
      Power generating machines 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.6 
         7149 Parts of engines and moto rs of 714.41 and 714.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 
      Other non-electrical machinery 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.2 5.6 
      Office machines & telecommun ication equipment 14.2 14.4 13.8 13.2 11.3 
         7641 Electrical apparatus for line telephony/telegraphy 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.5 
         7599 Parts and acce ssories of 751.1,  751.2, 751.9 and 
 752 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.4 
         7764 Electronic  integrated circuits and 
 microassemblies 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.1 
         7649 Parts and accessories for apparatus of division 76 0.9 0.9 1. 0 1.3 1.0 
         7648 Telecommunication equipment, n.e.s. 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 
         7611 Color televisi on receivers 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 
         7527 Storage units for data processing 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 
      Other electrical machines 4.2 4.3 3.8 3.7 3.7 
      Automotive products 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.8 4.0 
         7812 Motor vehicles for the transport of persons, n.e.s. 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.4 
      Other transport equipment 4.6 4.4 4.5 3.2 2.9 
   Textiles 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 
   Clothing 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3 
   Other consumer goods 9.8 9.5 9.2 8.9 9.1 
            
Other 5.0 4.2 3.7 4.0 4.0 
   Gold 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 
Source: WTO Secretariat estimate, based on EUROSTAT data.  European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 165 
 
 
Table AII.1 
EC notifications to the WTO, January 2007-May 2008 
Agreement and requirement Symbol Date 
Agreement on Agriculture   
Articles 10 and 18.2 - export subsidies (ES:1 to ES:3) G/AG/N/EEC/55 16/03/2008 
Article 16.2 - Decision on Measures Con cerning the Possible Negative Effects of 
the Reform Programme on Least-Devel oped and Net-Food Im porting Developing 
Countries (NF:1)  
G/AG/N/EEC/56 18/04/2008 
Article 5.7 and 18.2 – Special safeguard provisions (MA:5) G/AG/N/EEC/54 14/02/2008 
Agreement on Sanitary and phytosanitary Measures     
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /196/Add.6 27/03/2008 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/328 18/03/2008 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/327 18/03/2008 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /319/Add.1 13/03/2008 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/326 03/03/2008 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/325 03/03/2008 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /322/Add.1 29/02/2008 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/324 27/02/2008 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /190/Add.1 05/02/2008 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/323 05/02/2008 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/322 25/01/2008 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/321 22/01/2008 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /308/Add.1 02/01/2008 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /301/Add.1 02/01/2008 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /316/Add.1 19/12/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /310/Add.1 19/12/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/306/ Add.1/Corr.1 30/11/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /309/Add.1 30/11/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/320 30/11/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /306/Add.1 23/11/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/319 23/11/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /196/Add.5 22/11/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /103/Add.20 21/11/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/318 21/11/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/317 20/11/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /289/Add.1 13/11/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /72/Add.4 02/10/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /303/Add.1 01/10/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /304/Add.1 01/10/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /305/Add.1 01/10/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /72/Add.3 25/09/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /196/Add.4 03/08/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /311/Add.1 02/08/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/314 01/08/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/315 01/08/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/316 01/08/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /103/Add.18 31/07/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /103/Add.19 31/07/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/313 31/07/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/312 26/07/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/311 24/07/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /302/Add.1 05/07/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/102/ Rev.1/Add.1 03/07/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/310 03/07/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /299/Add.1 06/06/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/309 06/06/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /300/Add.1 05/06/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/308 05/06/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /298/Add.3 04/06/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /298/Add.4 04/06/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/307 04/06/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/306 08/05/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /72/Add.2 04/05/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /298/Add.1 18/04/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /298/Add.2 18/04/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/304 18/04/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/305 18/04/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/303 05/04/2007 
 Table AII.1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
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Agreement and requirement Symbol Date 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /295/Add.1 28/03/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /296/Add.1 28/03/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /288/Add.1 20/03/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /283/Add.1 19/03/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /285/Add.1 19/03/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /286/Add.1 19/03/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /287/Add.1 19/03/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /209/Add.1 19/03/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /297/Add.1 16/01/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /103/Add.17 03/01/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /281/Add.1 03/01/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /282/Add.1 03/01/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC /284/Add.1 03/01/2007 
Regulation G/SPS/N/EEC/302 03/01/2007 
Agreement on Government Procurement 1994  
Article XXIV:6 (Thresholds (GPA/1, Annex 3) GPA/W/299/Add.4 29/01/2008 
Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994   
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/171 27/05/2008 
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/166/EEC 15/04/2008 
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/169 18/03/2008 
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/168 27/02/2008 
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/165 21/12/2007 
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/164 13/11/2007 
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/162 25/09/2007 
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/158/EEC 29/08/2007 
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/160 27/07/2007 
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/157 08/05/2007 
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/154/Corr.1 30/04/2007 
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/156 20/04/2007 
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/153/EEC 20/03/2007 
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/155 16/03/2007 
Article VI (Article 16.4) G/ADP/N/154 06/02/2007 
Article VI (Article 16.5)  G/ADP/N/14/Add.24 14/10/2007 
Article VI (Article 18.5) G/ ADP/N/1/EEC/2/Suppl.8 07/02/2007 
Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures   
Article 7.3 – Replies to Questionnaire G/LIC/N/3/EEC/10 26/09/2007 
Article 7.3 – Replies to Questionna ire G/LIC/N/3/EEC/10/Add.1 26/09/2007 
Article 7.3 – Replies to Questionnaire G/LIC/N/3/EEC/10/Add.1/Corr.1 23/09/2007 
Agreement on Safeguards   
Article 12.6 G/SG/N/1/EEC/1/Suppl.3 07/02/2007 
Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures   
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/Add.21/Corr.2 14/02/2008 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/Add.21/Corr.1 30/01/2008 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/Add.2 21/12/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/Corr.1 21/12/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.21 26/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.22 26/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.24 26/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.25 26/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.26 26/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.27 26/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.9 23/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.10 23/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.11 23/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.12 23/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.13 23/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.14 23/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.15 23/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.16 23/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.17 23/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.18 23/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.19 23/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.20 23/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/ Add.23 23/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/Add.1 22/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/Add.3 22/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/Add.4 22/11/2007 
 Table AII.1 (cont'd) European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 167 
 
 
Agreement and requirement Symbol Date 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/Add.5 22/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/Add.6 22/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/Add.7 22/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC/Add.8 22/11/2007 
Article 25 G/SCM/N/155/EEC 21/11/2007 
Article 25.11 – Semi-annual G/SCM/N/170/EEC 16/04/2008 
Article 25.11 G/SCM/N/172 26/02/2008 
Article 25.11 – Semi-annual G/SCM/N/162/EEC 04/09/2007 
Article 25.11 G/SCM/N/158 01/05/2007 
Article 32.6 G/SCM/N/1/EEC/2/Suppl.7 08/02/2007 
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade   
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/171/Add.1 26/05/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/195 19/05/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/194 30/04/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/193 17/04/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/192 17/04/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/191 14/04/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/190 07/04/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/189 04/04/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/188 14/03/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/187 12/03/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/186/Corr.1 10/03/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/186 07/03/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/185 07/03/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/184 27/02/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/183 25/02/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/182 20/02/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/181 15/02/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/180 06/02/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/179 04/02/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/178 16/01/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/177 16/01/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/176 14/01/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/175 11/01/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/174 11/01/2008 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/173 21/12/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/172 20/12/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/171 13/12/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/170 04/12/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/169 22/11/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/168 15/11/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/167 15/11/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/166 30/10/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/165 24/10/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/164 16/10/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/163 14/09/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/162 07/08/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/161 01/08/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/159 18/06/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/158 08/06/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/157 05/06/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/156 01/06/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/155 25/05/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/154 24/05/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/153 16/05/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/152 16/05/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/151 04/05/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/150 25/04/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/149 25/04/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/148 13/03/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/147 05/02/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/146 05/02/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/145 17/01/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/144 15/01/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/143 15/01/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/142 15/01/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/141 15/01/2007 
 Table AII.1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
Page 168 
 
 
Agreement and requirement Symbol Date 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/140 15/01/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/139 10/01/2007 
Article 10.6  G/TBT/N/EEC/139 10/01/2007 
Multiple article  G/TBT/N/EEC/52/Add.5 30/04/2008 
Multiple article  G/TBT/N/EEC/52/Add.4 13/06/2007 
Multiple article  G/TBT/N/ EEC/52/Add.3/Re v.1 09/07/2007 
Multiple articles  G/TBT/ N/EEC/52/Add.3 22/01/2007 
Unspecified article  G/TBT/N/EEC/89/Add.3 20/12/2007 
Unspecified article  G/TBT/N/EEC/89/Add.2 05/02/2007 
Unspecified article  G/TBT/N/EEC/33/Add.1 01/08/2007 
TRIPS   
Article 63.2 IP/N/1/EEC/3 28/02/2007 
Article 63.2 IP/N/1/EEC/G/3 28/02/2007 
Article 63.2 IP/N/1/EEC/2 23/01/2007 
Article 63.2 IP/N/1/EEC/E/2 23/01/2007 
Article 63.2 IP/N/1/EEC/E/4 23/01/2007 
Article 63.2 IP/N/1/EEC/E/3 23/01/2007 
GATS  
Article V:7(a) S/C/N/397 3/07/2007 
GATT 1994   
Article XXIV:7(a) - Interim Agreement (Free- Trade Areas) (Albania) WT/REG226/N/1 22/03/2007 
Article XXIV:7(a) - Interim Agreement (Free-Tr ade Areas) (Montenegro) WT/REG236/N/1 17/01/2008 
Source: WTO documents. European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 169 
 
 
Table AIII.1 
Applied MFN tariff averages by HS2, 2008 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. of lines 
used Average 
tariff (%) Range 
(%) Std-dev 
(%) 
 Total/Average 9,699  9,557 6.7 0-604.3 14.1 
01 Live animals 54  49 9.8 0-59.1 15.0 
02 Meat and edible meat offal 227  164 29.7 0-204.2 32.1 
03 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic 
invertebrates 329  329 9.8 0-23 5.7 
04 Dairy produce;  birds' eggs;  natural honey;  edible 
products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or 
included 166  126 33.2 0-189.7 32.4 
05 Products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or 
included 20  20 0.3 0-5.1 1.1 
06 Live trees and other plants;  bulbs, roots and the like;  
cut flowers and ornamental foliage 38  38 6.0 0-10.9 3.5 
07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 106  106 13.5 0-168.4 21.6 
08 Edible fruit and nuts;  peel  of citrus fruit or melons 117  117 10.0 0-30.5 8.0 
09 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 43  43 3.0 0-12.5 4.2 
10 Cereals 55  55 49.4 0-138.2 34.5 
11 Products of the milling industry;  malt;  starches;  
insulin;  wheat gluten 80  75 21.7 3.8-68.4 14.0 
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits;  misc grains, seeds and 
fruit;  industrial or medicina l plants;  straw and fodder 69  69 1.6 0-9.1 2.5 
13 Lac;  gums, resins and othe r vegetable saps and extracts 13  13 3.1 0-19.2 5.8 
14 Vegetable plaiting materials;   vegetable products not 
elsewhere specified or included 5  5 0.0 0 0.0 
15 Animal or vegetable fats a nd oils and their cleavage 
products;  prepared edible fats;  animal or vegetable 
waxes 124  123 9.6 0-161.9 18.3 
16 Preparations of meat, of fish or of crustaceans, molluscs 
or other aquatic invertebrates 89  87 18.6 0-74.7 10.2 
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 42  41 35.7 0.1-
604.3 95.0 
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 27  27 11.9 0-95.6 17.2 
19 Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk;  pastry 
cooks' products 51  51 18.0 7.6-57.8 12.7 
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of 
plants 296  296 23.7 0-280.9 26.6 
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 39  38 9.6 0-29.5 6.1 
22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 177  161 10.2 0-218.3 25.9 
23 Residues and waste from the food industries;  prepared 
animal fodder 65  57 15.4 0-145.5 28.9 
24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes 30  30 28.6 10-74.9 17.4 
25 Salt;  sulphur;  earths and stone;  plastering materials, 
lime and cement 86  86 0.4 0-8 1.2 
26 Ores, slag and ash 47  47 0.0 0 0.0 
27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their 
distillation;  bituminous substances;  mineral waxes 111  111 1.4 0-8 1.9 
28 Inorganic chemicals;  orga nic or inorganic compounds 
of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive 
elements or of isotopes 256  256 4.4 0-5.5 1.9 
29 Organic chemicals 536  536 4.5 0-89.8 5.5 
30 Pharmaceutical products 59  59 0.0 0 0.0 
31 Fertilizers 34  34 4.4 0-6.5 2.8 
32 Tanning or dyeing extracts;  tannins and their 
derivatives;  dyes, pigments and other colouring matter;  
paints and varnishes;  putty  and other mastics;  inks 64  64 5.4 0-6.5 2.1 
    Table AIII.1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
Page 170 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. of lines 
used Average 
tariff (%) Range 
(%) Std-dev 
(%) 
33 Essential oils and resinoids;  perfumery, cosmetic or 
toilet preparations  49  49 2.9 0-17.4 3.8 
34 Soap, organic surface-ac tive agents, washing 
preparations, lubricating prep arations, artificial waxes, 
prepared waxes, polishing or scouring preparations, candles and similar articles, modelling pastes, dental 
waxes and dental preparations  with a basis of plaster 34  34 2.1 0-6.5 2.3 
35 Albuminoidal substances;  modified starches;  glues;  
enzymes 32  32 8.3 0-29.4 7.6 
36 Explosives;  pyrotechnic products;  matches;  pyrophoric 
alloys;  certain combustible preparations 10  10 6.3 5.7-6.5 0.3 
37 Photographic or cinematographic goods 57  57 6.0 0-40.2 5.5 
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 148  148 6.3 0-63.3 6.9 
39 Plastics and articles thereof 249  249 5.5 0-6.5 2.2 
40 Rubber and articles thereof 102  102 2.3 0-6.5 2.1 
41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather 77  77 2.7 0-6.5 2.7 
42 Articles of animal gut (o ther than silk-worm gut) 37  37 5.0 1.7-9.7 2.7 
43 Furskins and artificial fur;  manufactures thereof 36  36 1.5 0-3.7 1.3 
44 Wood and articles of wood;  wood charcoal 177  177 2.2 0-10 2.8 
45 Cork and articles of cork 12  12 3.1 0-4.7 2.1 
46 Manufactures of straw, of es parto or of other plaiting 
materials;  basketware and wickerwork 24  24 2.7 0-4.7 1.4 
47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic material;  
recovered (waste and scra p) paper and paperboard 24  24 0.0 0 0.0 
48 Paper and paperboard;  article s of paper pulp, of paper 
or of paperboard 171  171 0.0 0 0.0 
49 Printed books, newspapers, pi ctures and other products 
of the printing industry;  manuscripts, typescripts and 
plans 25  25 0.0 0 0.0 
50 Silk 25  25 5.2 0-7.5 2.6 
51 Wool, fine or coarse animal  hair;  horsehair yarn and 
woven fabric 70  70 4.0 0-8 3.1 
52 Cotton 149  149 6.4 0-8 2.3 
53 Other vegetable textile fibres;  paper yarn and woven 
fabrics of paper yarn 37  37 3.3 0-8 3.0 
54 Man-made filaments 87  87 6.0 3.8-8 2.0 
55 Man-made staple fibres 147  147 6.4 4-8 1.9 
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens;  special yarns;  twine, 
cordage, ropes and cables and articles thereof 64  64 6.1 3.2-12 2.2 
57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings 40  40 7.8 3-14.5 1.6 
58 Special woven fabrics;  tufted textile fabrics;  lace;  
tapestries;  trimmings;  embroidery 54  54 7.3 5-8 0.9 
59 Impregnated, coated, cove red or laminated textile 
fabrics;  textile articles of a kind suitable for industrial 
use 42  42 6.3 4-8 1.3 
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 57  57 7.9 6.5-8 0.3 
61 Articles of apparel and cl othing accessories, knitted or 
crocheted 147  147 11.6 8-12 1.1 
62 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted 
or crocheted 194  194 11.6 6.3-12 1.4 
63 Other made up textile articles;  sets;  worn clothing and 
worn textile articles;  rags 80  80 9.8 0-12 3.4 
64 Footwear, gaiters and the like;  parts of such articles 82  82 9.8 3-17 5.2 
65 Headgear and parts thereof 14  14 2.7 0-5.7 1.6 
    Table AIII.1 (cont'd) 
 
 European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 171 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines No. of lines 
used Average 
tariff (%) Range 
(%) Std-dev 
(%) 
66 Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-sticks, 
whips, riding-crops and parts thereof 9  9 4.3 2.7-5.2 0.9 
       
67 Prepared feathers and down and articles made of 
feathers or of down;  artificial flowers;  articles of human hair 8  8 2.8 1.7-4.7 1.2 
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or 
similar materials 73  73 1.2 0-3.7 1.0 
69 Ceramic products 51  51 4.8 0-12 2.4 
70 Glass and glassware 134  134 5.1 0-11 3.2 
71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious 
stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, 
and articles thereof;  imitation jewellery;  coin 63  63 0.7 0-4 1.4 
72 Iron and steel 344  344 0.2 0-7 1.0 
73 Articles of iron or steel 262  262 1.6 0-3.7 1.6 
74 Copper and articles thereof 64  64 3.3 0-5.2 2.0 
75 Nickel and articles thereof 18  18 0.6 0-3.3 1.2 
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 62  62 6.2 0-10 1.9 
78 Lead and articles thereof 13  13 2.6 0-5 2.2 
79 Zinc and articles thereof 12  12 3.1 0-5 1.6 
80 Tin and articles thereof 8  8 0.0 0 0.0 
81 Other base metals;  cermets;  articles thereof 67  67 3.1 0-9 2.5 
82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base 
metal;  parts thereof of base metal 105  105 3.1 1.7-8.5 1.8 
83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 43  43 2.3 0-3.7 0.9 
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical 
appliances;  parts thereof 925  925 1.7 0-9.7 1.3 
85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof;  
sound recorders and reproducers, television image and 
sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 552  552 3.0 0-14 3.5 
86 Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and parts 
thereof;  railway or tramway track fixtures and fittings and parts thereof;  mechanical (including electro-
mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of all kinds 39  39 1.8 0-3.7 0.7 
87 Vehicles other than railway  or tramway rolling-stock, 
and parts and accessories thereof 189  189 6.3 0-22 5.3 
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 21  21 2.1 0.9-4.2 1.1 
89 Ships, boats and floating structures 38  38 1.1 0-2.7 1.0 
90 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, 
checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and 
apparatus;  parts and accessories thereof 253  253 1.8 0-6.7 1.7 
91 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 56  56 4.6 1.9-10.1 1.7 
92 Musical instruments;  parts and accessories of such 
articles 30  30 3.2 1.7-4 0.5 
93 Arms and ammunition;  parts and accessories thereof 27  27 2.2 0-3.2 1.2 
94 Furniture;  bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, 
cushions and similar stuffed furnishings;  lamps and lighting fittings, not elsewher e specified or included;  
illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates 82  82 2.2 0-5.7 1.9 
95 Toys, games and sports requisites;  parts and accessories 
thereof 66  66 2.1 0-4.7 1.7 
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 70  70 3.3 0-7.7 1.5 
97 Works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques 7  7 0.0 0 0.0 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on Official Journal of the European Union , 31 October 2007, L 286. WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
Page 172 
 
 
Table AIII.2 
Zero-rated goods and services by Member States, 2008  
Country  
Belgium  Daily and weekly newspapers of general information  
Certain recovered materials and by-products 
Cyprus  Food and drinks intended for human consum ption (excluding supplies made in the course of catering, certain products 
such as alcoholic beverages, manufactured beverages, ice-cream, chocolate, confec tionery, biscuits and savory 
products)   
Pharmaceutical products, medicines and vaccines falling within C.N. c odes 30.02, 30. 03 and 30.04 
Denmark  Sales of newspapers normally pub lished more than once per month 
Finland Newspapers and periodicals provi ded that they are sold on subscripti on for a period of at least one month  
Printing services for publications of non-profit making organizations 
Ireland  Books and pamphlets (excludi ng newspapers, periodicals, catalogues, diaries, etc) 
Food and drink indented for human consum ption (excluding certain products such as  alcoholic beverages, manufactured 
beverages, ice-cream and confectionery)   
Seeds, plants, trees, etc. used for food production 
Fertilizer in units of not less than 10 kg 
Animal feeding stuffs (excluding pet food)  Orally administered medicines for human consumption 
Orally administered medicines for animal  consumption (excluding those for pets)  
Certain articles of feminine hygiene Medical equipment such as wheelchairs, crutches, orthop aedic appliances and other artificial parts of the body 
(excluding false teeth)  
Clothing and footwear for children under the age of ten (excl uding clothes made of fur or skin and articles of clothing 
and footwear not marked with the size or age)  
Wax candles (plain, white and undecorated)  
Certain services provided by the Commissioners of Irish Lights 
Italy Unwrought gold (in ingots, etc.)   
Land not capable of being used as building land 
Malta Food products for human or animal consumption, except fo r supplies of pre-cooked dishes and certain highly processed 
products, such as ice-cream, chocolates , manufactured beverages or beverages subject to excise duty, and pet foods  
Seeds or other means of propagation of pl ants classified under the above paragraph 
Live animals of a type generally used as, or yielding or producing, f ood for human consumption 
Water other than water for enterprises, distilled or mineral water 
Pharmaceuticals, medicines only where prescribed 
Aids to handicapped persons (excluding  heari ng aids, dental prostheses, spectacles, etc.) 
Poland Books and specialist periodicals subject to certain conditions  
Sweden Services with regard to production (basically printi ng services) of membership periodicals, staff periodicals and 
periodicals issued by non-profit organiza tions, including services related to such production, such as distribution 
services  
Medicine supplied on prescription or sold to hospitals or imported into the country to be supplied on prescription or 
sold to hospitals 
United 
Kingdom  Books, newspapers, periodicals, sheet music, maps, etc.   
Food products for human or animal consumption, except for supplies of pre-cooked dishes and certain highly processed 
products such as ice-cream, chocolates , manufactured beverages or beverages subject to excise duty and pet foods 
Seeds or other means of propagation of pl ants classified under the above paragraph  
Live animals of a type generally used as, or yielding or producing, food for human consumption  
Water other than water for enterprises, distilled or mineral water  
Pharmaceuticals and/or medi cines only where prescribed 
Medical and surgical instruments, aids only to handica pped persons (excluding heari ng aids, dental prostheses, 
spectacles, etc.)  
Children's clothing and footwear Construction of buildings for residential purpos es; approved alterations to listed buildings 
Certain services, excluding maintenance and repair work 
Goods donated to or by charity organizations to be sold Magnetic tape and tape recorders, for th e Royal National Institute for the Blind 
Radio receivers supplied to a charity organization dealing with the blind  
Sewage services The transport of passengers in any vehicle, vessel or aircraft  carrying at least 12 passengers; or by the Post Office; or by 
any scheduled service 
The transport of passengers or freight from  or to a place outside the United Kingdom  
Certain caravans and houseboats 
Boots and helmets for industrial use 
Motor-cycle and cycle helmets The issue of bank notes 
Source: European Commission (2008), VAT rates applied in the Member States of the European Community .  Viewed at: 
 http://ec.europa.eu/taxa tion_customs/resources/documen ts/taxation/vat/how_vat_works /rates/vat_rates_en.pdf.  European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 173 
 
 
Table AIII.3 
Selected state-owned enterp rises in the EC, October 2008 
Country Enterprises Main activity State 
Ownership 
(%) 
Austria  Austrian National Bank Banking 70.3  
 Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB-Holding AG) Railways 100  
 Verbund (Österreichische Elektriz itätswirtschafts-AG) Utility 51  
 Austrian Airlines Group  Transport 42.75  
 OMV AG Oil and gas 31.50  
 Telekom Austria Group Telecom 27.4  
 Österreichische Post AG Postal 51  
 Vienna International Airport (Fl ughafen Wien AG) Airport operation 40  
    
Belgium  Belgacom Group Telecom 53.5  
 Flemish Radio- and Television Network (VRT)  Telecom 100 
 Belgian Broadcasting Corporation of the French Community (RTBF) Telecom 100  
 Belgian Broadcasting Corporation of the German-speaking Community 
(BRF)  Telecom 100  
 Société nationale des chemins de fer belges (SNCB) Holding Transport and 
infrastructure 
management 99.9  
 La Société des transports intercommunaux de Bruxelles (STIB) Transport 100  
 La Poste S.A.  Postal 50 + 1  
 Port autonome de Namur (PAN) Transport 100  
 Port autonome de Charleroi (PAC) Transport 100  
 Société wallonne des aéroports (SOWAER) Airport operation 100  
 Société wallonne de gestion et de partic ipations (SOGEPA) Specialised company  100  
 Société publique d'aide à la qualité de l'e nvironnement (SPAQuE) Waste management 100  
 Regional Investment Company of Wallonia (SRIW) Investment 98.66  
 Société régionale wallonne du transport (SRWT) Transport  100  
 Société wallonne du crédit social (SWCS) Housing renovation 100  
 Société wallonne du loge ment (SWL) Housing 100  
 Agence wallonne des télécommunications (AWT) Telecom 100  
 Brussels Airport Company SA Airport operation 30  
 Belgocontrol Air traffic control 100  
 Office national du ducroire (ONDD) Credit insurance 100  
 Regional Investment Company of Fl anders (GIMV) Investment 27.06  
 Brussels Regional Investment Company (SRIB) Investment 76  
 Belgian National Lottery Lottery 100  
 Fluxys Utility golden share 
 Sibelga Utility 70 
 Belgian National Agency for Radio active Waste and enriched Fissile 
Material (ONDRAF/NIRAS) Radioactive waste 
management 100 
    
Bulgaria Bulgarian Energy Holding Energy 100  
 Bulgarian State Railways (BDZ) Transport 100  
 Air Traffic Services Author ity (ATSA) Air navigation 100  
 National Company Railway Infrastructure Infrastructure 
management  100  
 Port Varna Transport 100  
 Port Bourgas  Transport 100  
 Port Complex of Lom Transport 100  
 Port Vidin Transport 100  
 Port Complex of Ruse Transport 100  
 Sofia Airport  Airport operation 100  
 Plovdiv Airport Airport operation 100  
 Airport Gorna Oryahovitsa  Airport operation 100  
 Bulgarian Posts Courier and delivery 
services 100  
 Transport Constructi on and Rehabilitation Tran sport construction 100  
 Telecommunication Construction and Re habilitation Telecom construction 100  
 Port Infrastructure Infrastructure 
management  100  
 Bobov Dol Mines Mining 100  
 Sofia Heating Utility Utility 100  
 Pernik Heating Utility Utility 100  
 Shoumen Heating Utility Utility 100  
 Bulgartabac Holding Tobacco 79.83  
  Table AIII.3 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
Page 174 
 
 
Country Enterprises Main activity State 
Ownership 
(%) 
 Kintex Defence 100  
 Teraton Engineering 100  
 Plovdiv International Fair Fair operator 51  
 Radioactive Wastes Waste management 100  
 Bulgarian Export Insurance Agency (BAEZ) Credit Insurance 100  
 Ecoengineering  Liquidation of mining 
activities 100  
 LB Bulgaricum Dairy products 
research and 
production 100  
 Minproekt Research institute 100  
 NITI Defence 100  
 Slanchev Bryag Sea resort 100  
 District Water Supply and Canal Companies Utilities 100  
 District Irrigation Systems companies Water extraction  100  
 Bulgarian Sports Totalizator Lottery 100  
 Arsenal Defence 35.80  
 Terem Defence 100  
 EVN Electrosupply Utility 33  
 EVN Bulgaria Electrodistribution Utility 33  
 E.ON Bulgaria Grid Utility 33  
 CEZ Distribution Bulgaria  Utility 33  
 CEZ Electro Bulgaria  Utility 33  
 Kremikovtzi Steelmaker 25.29  
 Balkancar Erma Mechanical 
engineering 67  
 Balkancar ZPDEA G.Kostov Mechanical 
engineering 34.71  
 Bulgarplod-export Trade intermediary 85.22  
 Plod I zelenchuk Trade intermediary 100  
 Bulgargeomin Ore extraction 100  
 Ovcha Kupel Tourism services 100  
 Sortovi Semena – Elit Seed selection 100  
 Bulgarian State Lottery Lottery 100 
    
Cyprus  Cyprus Telecom Authority (ATHK) Telecom 100  
  Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation (PIK) Telecom 100  
  Cyprus Airways Transport 69.62  
 Electricity Authority of Cyprus (A.H.K.) Utility 100  
 Water Development Department Utility 100  
 Cyprus Post Postal 100  
 Cyprus Oil Terminal Ltd.  Petroleum 100  
 Cyprus Ports Authority Administration and 
operation of ports 100  
 Cyprus Grain Commission Payment agency 100 
 Cyprus Milk Industry Organization Payment agency 100  
 Wine Products Council Payment agency 100  
 Cyprus Potato Marketing Board Planning and 
marketing 100 
 Cyprus Olive Products Marketing Board (SEKEP) Producer organisation 100 
 Cyprus Carrot and Beetroot Mark eting Board Producer organisation 100 
 Transmission System Operator-Cyprus Utility 100  
    
Czech Republic  Czech Export Bank Banking 73  
 Czech Television ( Česká televise)  Telecom 100  
 Czech Railways ( České dráhy, a.s.) Transport 100  
 Prague Public Transport Company, a.s. Transport 100  
 Czech Airlines Transport 91  
 Czech Power Company ( ČEZ, a. s.) Utility 67.61  
 Czech Radio ( Český rozhlas)  Telecom 100  
 Czech Press Agency ( ČTK)  Media 100  
 Prague Airport Administration (Správa Letišt ě Praha, s.p.) Airport operation 100  
 Budweiser Budvar ( České Budějovice) Brewery 100  
 Moravské naftové doly (MND) Oil mining 100  
 State Securities Printer Printing  100  
 Pražská energetika a.s. (PRE)  Utility 51  
  Table AIII.3 (cont'd) European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 175 
 
 
Country Enterprises Main activity State 
Ownership 
(%) 
 Railway Infrastructure Administration Infrastructure 
management 100  
 Czech National Grid Company ( ČEPS) Utility 100  
 OSINEK, a.s. Steel 100  
 MERO ČR, a. s Utility 100  
 ČEPRO, a.s. Utility 100  
 State Fund of Transport Infrastructure (SFDI) Transport 
infrastructure 
development 100  
 OTE a.s. Utility 100  
 Diamo Mining 100  
 Škodaexport a.s. Engineering 99.75  
 Czech Post ( Česká pošta ČP) Postal 100  
 Czech Export Bank (CEB) Banking 73  
 Czech health insurer (Všeobecná zdravotní pojiš ťovna VZP) Health insurance 100  
 Export Guarantee and Insurance Corporation EGAP Insurance 100  
 Commercial Credit Insurance Company ( Komerční úvěrová 
pojišťovna EGAP KÚP)  Insurance 100  
 State Woodlands (Lesy České republiky, státní podnik L ČR) Forestry 100  
 VOP-026 Šternberk, s.p. Defence 100  
 VOP 025  Nový Jičín, s.p.  Defence 100  
 State Agriculture Intervention Fund (SZIF) Payment agency 100  
 Export Guarantee and Insurance Corporation (EGAP Credit insurance 100  
 Technoexport Turn-key complete 
plants for crude oil and gas processing 98.85  
 Strojimport Machine tools 99.22  
 LOM Praha s.p. Aircraft repair 100  
 State Agricultural Intervention Fund (SZIF) Intervention agency 100  
 Radioactive Waste Repository Authority (Správa úložiš ť radioaktivních 
odpadů, SÚRAO) Radioactive waste 
disposal 100 
    
Denmark  Danish Broadcasting Corporation (DR) Telecom 100  
 TV2 Denmark A/S Telecom 100  
 Energinet.dk A/S  Utility 100  
 Danish State Railways (DSB) Transport 100  
 Scandlines AG Transport 50  
 Air Greenland  Transport  25  
 DONG Energy Utility 73  
 Post Danmark Postal 75  
 Copenhagen Airports A/S (Københavns  Lufthavne) Airport operation 39.5  
 Bornholm Airport Airport operation 100  
 Eneginet.dk A/S Utility 100  
 Danish Civil Aviation Administration (Statens Luftfartsvæsen - SLV) Aviation regulator 100  
 Danske Spil A/S Gaming 80  
 Rail Net Denmark (Banedanmark) Infrastructure holder / 
Railway system development 100  
 National Rail Authority (Trafikstyrelsen)  Public transport 
authority 100  
 Eksport Kredit Fonden (EKF) Credit insurance  100  
 The Copenhagen Metro (Metroselskabet ) Transport 100  
    
Estonia  Estonian Grain Board (AS Eesti Viljasalv) Agriculture 100  
 Estonian Public Broadcasting (Eesti Rahvusringhääling) Telecom 100  
 Energy Company (Eesti Energia AS) Utility 100  
 AS Eesti Telekom  Telecom 24.17  
 Heating Farctory AS Kohtla -Järve Soojuse Utility 59.2  
 Narva Power Plants (AS Na rva Elektrijaamad) Utility 100  
 Estonian Railways (Eesti Raudtee EVR) Transport 100  
 Estonian Air  Transport  34  
 Tallinn Bus Company Ltd. (Tallinna Autobussikoondise AS (TAK)) Transport 100  
 Estonian Post (Eesti Post) Postal 100  
 Tallinn Airport Ltd. (AS Tallinna Lennujaam) Airport operation 100  
 Port of Tallinn Ltd. (Tallinna Sadam ) Transport 100  
 Paldiski Southern Port Transport 100  
  Table AIII.3 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
Page 176 
 
 
Country Enterprises Main activity State 
Ownership 
(%) 
    
 Electrical Railways (AS Elektriraudtee) Transport 100  
 Estonian Pilot (Eesti Loots AS) Pilotage service 100  
 Estonian Lottery (Eesti Loto) Gaming 100  
 Credit & Export Guarantee Fund Estonia (KREDEX) Insurance 100  
 Eesti Energija Utility 100  
Finland Altia Corporation Alcoholic beverages 100  
 Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE)  Telecom 99.9  
 VR Group Ltd. Transport 100  
 Destia Oy (formerly Finnish Road Enterprise)  Transport 100  
 Finnair Group  Transport 55.8  
 Kemijoki Oy Utility 50.10  
 Helsinki Water Utility 100  
 Fortum Oyj Utility 50.86  
 Ilmailulaitos Finavia (Civil Aviation Administration) Transport 100  
 Gasum Oy Utility 24  
 Posti / Itella Corporation (formerly Finland Post Corporation) Postal 100  
 Finnvera Plc Credit insurance 100  
 Fingrid Oyj Utility 12  
 Alko Alcohol beverages 100  
 Kemira Chemicals 16.52  
 Metso Paper  11.1 
 Neste Oil Oil refining 50.1  
 Outokumpu Steel 31.11  
 Patria Defence 73.2  
 Ruukki Mechanical 
engineering 39.69  
 Sampo Group Insurance 13.86  
 Stora Enso Paper 12.3  
 Finish National Betting Agency (Weikkaus Oy) Lottery 100 
 Teollisuuden Voima Oyj (TVO) Nuclear power plant 
operator 43 
    
France  Caisse des depôts et  consignations Banking 100  
 Charbonnages de France (CdF) Mining 100  
 France Télécom Telecom 26.69  
 Société nationale de radiodiffusion Telecom 100  
 Radio France International (RFI) Telecom 100  
 Radio France  Telecom 100  
 France Télévisions Telecom 100  
 Arte France Telecom 25  
 Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF) Transport 100  
 Réseau ferré de France (RFF) Transport 100  
 Régie autonome des transports parisiens (RATP) Transport 100  
 Voies navigables de France Transport 100  
 Air France KLM Transport 15.7  
 Electricité de France (EDF) Utility 84.85  
 Gaz de France SUEZ Utility 35.66  
 Société nationale maritime Corse-Méditerranée (SNCM) Transport 25  
 Aéroports de Paris Airport operation 68.4  
 Autoroutes et tunnel du Mont-Bla nc (ATMB) Tunnel exploitation 57.9  
 Port de Bordeaux Transport 100  
 Port autonome de Dunkerque Transport 100  
 Port autonome du Havre Transport 100  
 Port autonome de Marseille Transport 100  
 Port atlantique Nantes-Saint-Nazaire Transport 100  
 Port autonome de Paris Transport 100  
 Port de Rouen Transport 100  
 Défense onseil international (DCI) Defence 49.9  
 DCNS Military / navy 100  
 Nexter Military 99.9  
 Safran Defence 30.8  
 Groupe SNPE Defence 99.9  
 Groupe La Poste Postal 100  
 Française des Jeux Lottery 72  
 Imprimerie nationale Printing 100  
  Table AIII.3 (cont'd) European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 177 
 
 
Country Enterprises Main activity State 
Ownership 
(%) 
 Laboratoire français du ractionnement et des biotechnologies (LFB) Pharmaceuticals 100  
 Rungis International market 56.9  
 RTE Utility 100  
 EADS Defence 25.08  
 Renault Automotive 15.01  
 Safran Defence and telecom 30.20  
 Thalès Defence and security 27.10  
 Développement des agro-industries du Sud (DAGRIS SA) Agroindustry 13.7  
 ANDRA (French National Agency for Radioactive Waste 
Management) Radioactive waste 
management 100 
    
Germany West LB Banking 100  
 NRW Bank Banking 100  
 Bayerische Landesbank Banking 100  
 KfW Bankengruppe Banking 100  
 Deutsche Post World Net Logistics 30.5  
 HSH Nordbank Banking 59.51  
 Landesbank Baden-Wü rttemberg Banking 100  
 IKB Deutsche Indus triebank Banking 45.5  
 Association of Public Law Broadcas ting Organizations (ARD)  Telecom 100  
 Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen  Telecom 100  
 German Railways (Deutsche Bahn AG) Transport 100  
 Deutsche Telekom AG Telecom 31.7  
 Arcor Telecom 18.17  
 Fraport AG (Frankfurt Airport) Airport management 51.75  
 Berlin Airports Airport operation 100  
 Düsseldorf International Co rporation Airport operation 50 
 Munich Airport Airport operation 100 
 North West German Class Lottery (NKL) Lottery 100 
    
Greece  Agricultural Bank of Greece Banking 82.35  
 Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT)  Telecom 100  
 Hellenic Railways Organization (OSE) Transport 100  
 Olympic Airlines Transport 100  
 Attiko Metro S.A. Transport 100  
 Thessaloniki Port Authority (ThPA) Transport 74.27  
 Piraeus Port Authority Transport 74.14  
 Patras Port Authority Transport 100 
 Public Power Corporation (DEI) Utility 84  
 Public Gas Corporation (DEPA) Utility 65  
 The Hellenic Union of Municipal Enterprises for Water Supply and 
Sewerage  Utility 100  
 Athens Water Supply and Sewera ge Company (EYDAP) Utility 61.03  
 Hellenic Aerospace Industry Ltd  Defence 100  
 Hellenic Petroleum SA Energy 35.48  
 Athens International Airport Airport operation 55  
 Thessaloniki International Airport Airport operation 100  
 Athens Urban Transport Organisation (OASA) Transport 100  
 Greek Organisation of Football Prognostics (OPAP) Lottery 34 
 Hellenic Post Postal 100 
    
Hungary  Hungarian Develo pment Bank (MFB) Banking 100  
 Hungarian Export-Import Bank (EXIMBANK)  Banking 100  
 Hungarian National Railways (MÁV Group) Transport 100  
 HungaroControl (Hungarian Air Na vigation Services) Transport 100  
 Hungarian Power Companies Ltd. (Magyar Villamos Mûvek 
Zártkörûen Mûködô Részvénytársaság MVM) Utility 99.87 
 Volánbusz Transport 100  
 Szerencsejáték Lottery 100  
 Hungarian Export Credit Insurance (MEHIB) Credit insurance 100  
 Magyar Távirati Iroda (MTI) Media 100  
 Currus Armoured Vehicle Techniques Company Defence 100  
 Budapest Airport 
Airport operation 25 + 1 
vote  
 Debrecen Airport Ai rport operation 100  
 Sármellék International Airport Airport operation 100  
  Table AIII.3 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
Page 178 
 
 
Country Enterprises Main activity State 
Ownership 
(%) 
 Budapest Transport Company (BKV ) Transport 100  
 Debrecen Transport Company (DKV ) Transport 100  
 Miskolc City Transportation Company (MVK)  Transport 100  
 Mecsekerc Soil remediation 100 
 Matyar Posta (Hungarian Post) Postal 100 
    
Ireland  Teagasc (The Agricultural and Food Development Authority) Consultancy in 
agriculture 100  
 IDA (Industrial Development Agency) Ireland Finance management 100  
 Irish Productivity Centre Consultancy  100  
 An Post  Postal, banking 100  
 Radio Telefís Éireann Telecom 100  
 Córas Iompair Éireann Transport 100  
 Aer Lingus Transport 25.1  
 Electricity Supply Board Utility 100  
 Bord Gáis Éireann Utility 100  
 EirGrid Plc Utility 100  
 Bord na Móna Plc (Peat Board) Energy, horticulture 100  
 Dublin Airport Authority Airport operation 100  
 Coillte Teoranta Forestry 100  
 Dublin Port Company Port management and 
operation 100  
 The Irish Gas Board Utility 100  
 Railway Procurement Agency Infrastructure 
development 100  
 Northern Ireland Transport Holding Company (NITHCo) Transport 100  
 VHI Healthcare (Voluntary Health Insu rance Board) Health insurance 100  
    
Italy  RAI Telecom 100  
 Alitalia Transport 49.4  
 Ferrovie dello Stato SpA (FS) Transport 100  
 Eni Energy 20.31  
 Enel, SpA Utility 21.1  
 Servizi Assicurativi del Commercio Estero (SACE) Credit insurance 100  
 Finmeccanica, S.p.A. Defence and security 33.72  
 Eni S.p.A. Utility 20.31  
 SEA Airport management 84.56  
 Gestore dei Servizi Elettrici (GSE Spa) Utility 100  
 State Monopolies Autonomous Admini stration (AAMS) Gaming control 100  
 ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the 
Environment) Energy 100 
 SOGIN (Società gestione impianti nucleari per azioni, Nuclear Plant 
Management Co) Nuclear power plants 
decommissioning 100 
 Poste Italiane (Italian Post) Postal 65 
    
Latvia  Mortgage and Land Bank of Latvia  Banking 100  
 Lattelekom Telecom 51  
 Latvijas Radio Telecom 100  
 Latvijas Televizija Telecom 100  
 Latvian Railway (Latvijas Dzelzce ļš) Transport 100  
 Liepaja Tram Ltd. Transport 100  
 Riga International Airport Airport operation 100  
 Liepaja International Airport  Airport operation 100  
 Ventspils International Airport Airport operation 100  
 AirBaltic Corporation (airBaltic) Transport 52.6 
 Latvenergo AS  Utility 100  
 Liepaja Water Ltd. Utility 100 
 Latvian State Forests (LVM)  Forestry 100  
 Latvian State Roads (Latvijas valsts ce ļi) Transport 100  
 Latvia Post Postal 100 
 Latvijas Loto Lottery 100 
    
Lithuania  Turto Bankas Banking 100 
 Lithuanian Radio and Television Telecom 100  
 JSC Lithuanian Railways Transport 100  
  Table AIII.3 (cont'd) 
 European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 179 
 
 
Country Enterprises Main activity State 
Ownership 
(%) 
 Lithuanian Shipping Co  Transport 56.66  
 Lithuanian Power Plant (Lietuvos Elektrine AB) Utility 96.48  
 Rytu Skirtomieji Tinklai (RST) Utility 71.35  
 Lithuanian Gas (AB Lietuvos Dujos) Utility 17.7  
 Lietuvos Energija Utility 96.62  
 Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant Utility 100  
 Klaipeda State Seaport Author ity (KSSA) Port authority 100  
 AB Mazeikiu Nafta Oil refinery 9.98  
 Lithuanian Maritime Safety Admi nistration Maritime institution 100  
 Vilnius International Airport Airport operation 100  
 Kaunas International Airport Airport operation 100  
 International Siauliai Airport Airport operation 100  
 Palanga International Airport Airport operation 100  
 Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP) Energy 100  
 LEO LT (Lithuanian Electricity Organization, Lietuvos elektros 
organizacija) Energy 61.7 
 Radioactive Waste Management Agency (RATA) Radioactive waste 
management 100 
 Lithuanian Mint (Lietuvos Monetij Kalykla UAB) Mint 100 
 Lithuanian Post (Lietuvos paštas) Postal 100 
    
Luxemburg Société Nationale de Crédit et  d'Investissement (SNCI) Banking 100  
 Soteg SA Utility 21  
 Cegedel (Compagnie Grand-Ducale d’ Electricité de Luxembourg) Utility  
44.7  
 P&T Luxembourg Postal 100 
Malta  Public Broadcasting Services Telecom 100  
 Air Malta  Transport 96  
 Enemalta Corporation  Utility 100  
 Water Services Corporation  Utility 100 
 Malta Maritime Authority Maritime services 100  
 Bank of Valletta Banking 25.23  
 Malta International Airport Airport operation 20  
 Maltapost Postal 100  
    
Netherlands  N.V. Bank Nederlandse Gemeenten (BNG) Banking more than 50 
 BVN TV Telecom 100 
 Radio Nederland Wereldomroep Telecom 100  
 Nederlandse Spoorwegen (Dutch Railways) Transport 100  
 NV Nederlandse Gasunie  Utility 100  
 TenneT Utility 100  
 Port of Rotterdam Authority Port authority 100  
 N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie Utility 100  
 NS Railinfratrust Company (RIT) Transport 100  
 Schiphol Group Airport operator 100  
 Central Organization for Radioactive Waste (COVRA) Radioactive waste 
management 100 
    
Poland  Bank of Food Economy (BGZ) Banking 37.28  
 National Economy Bank (BGK) Banking 100  
 State Savings Bank (PKO) Banking 51.49  
 Polish National Insurance Group / Grupa Powszechny Zak ład 
Ubezpiecze ń (PZU)  Insurance 55.09  
 Polskie Radio Telecom 100  
 Telewizja Polska Telecom 100  
 Polish State Railways (Polskie Koleje Pa ństwowe PKP S.A.)  Transport 100  
 Polish Motor Communications (PKS) Transport 100  
 Polish Power Grid Company (PSE-Operator S.A.) Utility 100  
 The Southern Poland Power Company (Poludniowy Koncern 
Energetyczny, PKE) Utility 85.06  
 State Atomic Energy Agency (Pa ństwowej Agencji Atomistyki, PAA) Utility 100  
 Radioactive Waste Management Plant  Nuclear fuel waste 
management 100  
 Polish Oil and Gas Company (PGNiG) Utility 84.75  
 Brown Coal Mine Be łchatów (Kopalnia W ęgla Brunatnego SA) Mining 16  
 Polish Energy Group (PGE) Energy 100  
  Table AIII.3 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
Page 180 
 
 
Country Enterprises Main activity State 
Ownership 
(%) 
 Huta Stalowa Wola SA (HSW) Defence 87.62  
 POLICE Chemical Plant Chemicals 68.24  
 Oil and Gas Explorati on and Production Co Ltd (Petrobaltic Sp. z o.o.) Oil and gas 
exploration 30.32  
 PKN Orlen Energy 27.52  
 Polish Airports State Enterprise (PPL)  Airport management 10.20  
 Export Credit Insurance Corporation JSC (KUKE SA) Credit insurance 100  
 Nafta Polska S.A.  100  
 Grupa LOTOS S.A. Petroleum 58.84  
 K ędzierzyn Nitrogen Works, JSC (ZAK S.A.) Chemicals 86.28  
 Zak łady Azotowe w Tarnowie - Mo ścicach S.A. Chemicals 85  
 ANWIL SA Chemicals 5.56  
 Rafineria Trzebinia SA Refinery 9.194  
 Rafineria Nafty Jedlicze SA Refinery 10  
 Inowroc ław Salt Mines „Solino” SA Oil and fuel storage 
operator 25.19  
 Gaz-System Utility 100  
 Polish Press Agency Media 100  
 EADS PZL "Warszawa-Ok ęcie" S.A.  Defence 18  
 PZL- Świdnik" S.A.  Helicopter production 87.62  
 Military Mechanical Works (Wojskow e Zaklady Mechaniczne) Defence 100  
 Naval Shipyard Gdynia S.A Shipbuilding 100  
 Marine Technology Center (OBR Cent rum Techniki Morskiej) Defence 100  
 The Polish National Energy Conservation Agency (KAPE) Consultancy 100  
 Industrial Development Agency Development Agency 100  
 National Fund for Environmental Protection a nd Water Management Nature protection 100  
 KGHM Polska Mied ź S.A. Mining and metallurgy 41.79  
 F ŁT - Kraśnik S.A. Machine tools 100  
 Capital Group Energa Utility 85  
 Kompania W ęglowa S.A. Coal mining  100  
 Mint of Poland (Mennica Polska S.A) State Mint 31.64  
 Polish Security Printing Works (PWPW) Secure documents 100  
    
Portugal  Caixa Geral de Depósitos ( CGD ) Banking 100  
 Radiotelevisão Portuguesa Telecom 100  
 REFER, Rede Ferroviária Nacional, E.P Transport 100  
 Comboios de Portugal Transport 100  
 Air Portugal (TAP Portugal)  Transport 100  
 Redes Energéticas Nacionais. SGPS, S.A (REN) Utility 51  
 Portuguese State Agency Parpública,  Participações Públicas (SGPS), 
S.A  Real estate 
management 100  
 Águas de Portugal, SGPS, SA Utility 100  
 EDP, Energias de Portugal Utility 25.79  
 Aeroportos de Portugal, S.A. (ANA) Airport operation 100  
 APA - Administração do Porto de Aveiro, S.A. (APA, S.A) Transport 100  
 Port Authority of Douro and Le ixões (APDL - Administração dos 
Portos do Douro e Leixões, S. A.) Transport 100  
 APL - Administração do Porto de Lisboa, SA Transport 100  
 APS - Administração do Porto de Sines, SA Transport 100  
 APSS - Administração dos Portos de Setúbal e Sesimbra,SA Transport 100  
 Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra, EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa  Ocidental, EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar do Alto Minho, EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Alentejo, EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar do Barlavento Algarvio, EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar do Médio Ave , EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar do Médio Tejo, EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar do Nordeste, EPE Health 100  
 Centro Hospitalar do Porto, EPE Health 100  
  Table AIII.3 (cont'd) European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 181 
 
 
Country Enterprises Main activity State 
Ownership 
(%) 
 Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, EPE Health 100  
 Companhia Carris de Ferro de Lisboa, SA Transport 100  
 Institute for Mobility and Surface Tr ansport (Instituto da Mobilidade e 
dos Transportes Terrestres – IMTT, I.P.) Rail regulator 100 
 CTT Group (Portugese Post) Postal 100 
    
Romania EximBank  Insurance 95.37 
 Romtelecom SA Telecom 45.99  
 Romanian Television (TVR) Telecom 100  
 SNTGN Transgaz SA Utility 75.01  
 National Radiocommunications Company Telecom 100  
 SC Romaero SA  Aircraft manufacturing 
and repair 100  
 Daewoo Automobile Romania SA Motor vehicles 
manufacturing 100  
 Savings and Consignation Bank (CEC SA)  Banking 100  
 Romanian Insurance (ASIROM) Insurance  6.37  
 Airplane Factory of Craiova (SC Avioane Craiova SA) Aircraft and ship 
construction and 
repairs 80.98 
 S.C. IAR S.A. Ghimbav Aircraft and ship 
construction and 
repairs 64.89  
 
 ISCIR-CERT S.A. Technical analysis and 
testing operations 100  
 SC Antibiotice SA Iasi Drug manufacturing 53.02  
 Master SA Piston heat engines 
research institute 66.69  
 Milk Processing Plant of S.A. Bistri ţa Dairy industry 50.86  
 SPID S.A. Târgu Mure ş Construction 57  
 CASSTIL S.A. Bucharest Research and 
development 65.55  
 Termoproiect Iasi Technical services 100  
 The National Institute of Wood, Bucharest Research institute 100  
 I.P.I.U. – Consullting Engineer ing Bucharest Consultancy 100  
 I.C.S.I.T.P.M.L Craiova .. 90.63  
 National Glass Institute Research institute 75.14  
 IAR Bra şov .. 64.89  
 Mechanical Factory of Bucharest Automative 63.40  
 INAR Bra şov Automative 57.11  
 Cuprumin Abrud. Mining 100  
 Moldomin Moldova Nouã Mining 100  
 Carfil Bra şov Arms 100  
 Cepiem Bucharest Technical services 56.48  
 SC IPROCHIM SA Bucharest Chemicals 72.99  
 Mangalia Shipyard (SC SANTIERUL NAVAL MANGALIA SA) Ship construction and 
repair 100  
 SC Romarm SA Bucharest Defence industry 100  
 ICPE SA Bucharest Physical research 62.13 
 Nitrofertilizer SA Chemicals 79.05 
 Nitroexplosives SA Chemicals 79.05 
 Nitroservice SA Chemicals 79.05 
 Nitrotrans SA Chemicals 79.05 
 Nitrocontrol SA Chemicals 79.05 
 Institute for Information Technology (ITC SA Bucharest) Research institute 69.92  
 S.C. Prelucrarea Cãrnii Splai S.A. Bucharest Meat retail trade 70.21  
 SC Electroputere S.A. Craiova Electrical machinery 62.8  
 National Salt Company SA Bucharest Salt extraction 100  
 Petrom S.A.  Oil company 20.64  
 Neptun resort Hotel, restaurant and 
pool 54  
 INTEC SA Bucharest Physical research 70.11  
 INAR Road vehicles research 
institute 57.10  
 ICPT TEHNOMAG – CUG SA Cluj Napoca Research institute 76.68  
 Electrica Muntenia Sud SA Utility 67.5  
  Table AIII.3 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
Page 182 
 
 
Country Enterprises Main activity State 
Ownership 
(%) 
 Electrica Muntenia Nord SA Utility 100 
 Electrica Translilvania Nord SA Utility 100 
 Electrica Translilvania Sud SA Utility 100 
 SC FAMOS SA Suceava Equipment and 
medical instruments 98.74  
 S.N.G.N Romgaz Utility 85.90  
 Compania Nationala de Transport al Energiei Electrice "Transelectrica" 
S.A. Utility 73.7  
 Societatea Comercial ă de Producere a Energiei Electrice în 
Hidrocentrale Hidroelectrica S.A. Utility 100  
 Cosmote Romanian Mobile Telecommunications S.A. Telecom 100  
 CFR C ĂLĂTORI S.A. Transport 100  
 Romanian Air Traffic Services Administration – ROMATSA S.A. Air traffic 
management 100  
 Romania's Air Transportation National Company TAROM  Transport 97.27  
 National Company "Bucharest Henri Coanda International Airport" 
S.A. Transport 100  
 Compania Român ă de Aviaţie Romavia R.A. Transport 100  
 Traian Vuia International Airport (Societatea Na ţională Aeroportul 
Internaţional Timi şoara – Traian Vuia S.A.)  Transport 100  
 National Railway Freight Company, "CFR Marfa"- S.A. Transport 100  
 CFR C ălători Transport 100  
 Compania Nationala de Cai Ferate "CFR" SA National rail 
infrastructure manager 100  
 Romanian Railway Authority – AFER  Transport 100  
 Societatea Comerciala de Transport cu Metroul Bucuresti – 
METROREX S.A Metro 100  
 Romaian Road Authority (Autoritatii Rutiere  Romane – A.R.R.) Road authority 100  
 National Housing Agency ( ANL) Housing management 100  
 Romanian Civil Aeronautical Authority Aeronautical authority 100  
 Port of Constan ţa Transport 100  
 National Company Administration of Shipping Channels  Shipping 
administration 100  
 National Company Administration of Ro manian Roads Road administration 100 
 National Company Administration of the River Danube Ports River administration 100 
 Romanian Automobile Registry (Registrul Auto Roman – R.A.R.)  Technical specialized 
body 100  
 Sulina Free Zone Administration Free zone 100  
 National Institute for Building Re search Research institute 100  
 Arad International Airport Airport operation 100  
 Baia Mare International Airport Airport operation 100  
 Cluj-Napoca International Airport Airport operation 100  
 Iasi International Airport Airport operation 100  
 Sibiu International Airport (Aeroportu l Sibiu R.A.)  Airport operation 100  
 Bucharest Aurel Vlaicu Airport (sSocietatea Nationala Aeroportul 
International Bucuresti Baneasa – Aurel Vlaicu S.A.)  Airport operation 100 
 Bucharest Henri Coanda International Airport Airport operation 100  
 Bacau airport Airport operation 100  
 Constanta International Airport Airport operation 100  
 Caransebe ş Airport Airport operation 100  
 Craiova Airport Airport operation 100  
 Oradea International Airport Airport operation 100  
 Satu Mare International Airport Airport operation 100  
 Suceava Airport Airport operation 100  
 Targu-Mures Airport Airport operation 100  
 Traian Vuia Timi şoara International Airport Airport operation 100  
 Tulcea Airport Airport operation 100  
 National Lottery (National Compa ny Loteria Romana S.A) Gaming 68  
 National Printing House .. 68  
 Romanian Post Office (Po şta Român ă) Postal 100  
 Distrigaz Sud S.A. Utility 49  
 E.ON Gas România S.A. Utility 49  
 Rompress Media 100  
 Aerostar SA Aircraft repair 100  
 MFA S.A. Mizil Defence 100  
  Table AIII.3 (cont'd) 
 European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 183 
 
 
Country Enterprises Main activity State 
Ownership 
(%) 
 Romtehnika S.A. Defence consultancy 
and trading 100  
 Societatea Nationala Nuclearelectrica (SNN) Utility 100 
    
Slovenia  Nova Kreditna Banka Maribor Banking 42.31  
 Telekom Slovenije Telecom 52.53  
 Slovenske Železnice Transport 100  
 Adria Airways Transport 87  
 Elektro-Slovenija, d.o.o.  (ELES d.o.o.) Utility 100  
 GEN energija Utility 100  
 GEO PLIN d.o.o. Utility 31.4  
 Planika Kranj d.d. Footwear 57 
 Slovenska izvozna druzba , d.d. (SID Bank, Inc)  Credit insurance 91.15  
 Geoplin Utility 37.6  
 Javni Holding Ljubljana, d.o.o. Utility 100  
 Slovenska tiskovna agencija (STA) Media 100  
 Ljubljana Airport Airport operation 64.85  
 Pension Management Fund (Kap italska družba, d.d. KAD) Insurance and asset 
management 100  
 Sava Rubber manufacturing 29.77  
 Luka Koper, d.d. Port and logistics 
services 70.58  
 Slovene Restitution Fund (Slovenska odškod ninska družba, d.d., SOD) Finance 100 
 Hit Group Entertainment 60  
 Intereuropa  Logistics 16  
 Banka Celje Banking 9.36  
 Nova Ljubljanska Banka (NLB, d.d.) Banking 43.07  
 Triglav Insurance Group (Zavarovalnica Triglav, d.d.) Insurance 62.78  
 Petrol Energy 28.6  
 Sava Re  Reinsurance 99.86  
 Primorske novice Media 30.77  
 Ve čer Media 10  
 Institute for Commodity Reserves  (ZRSBR) Commodity reserve 100  
 Agency for Compulsory oil Stocks (ZORD) Stockholding entity 100  
 Slovene Enterprise Fund (SEF) Development 
investment 100  
 Slovenian Tourist Board Tourism 100  
 Pošta Slovenije d.o.o. (Slovene Post) Postal 100 
Slovakia  Slovenská Televízia Telecom 100  
 Železni čná spoločnosť Slovensko, a.s. (ZSSK) Transport 100  
 Slovak Railways (Železnice Slovenskej Republiky ŽSR) Rail infrastructure 
operator 100  
 Železni čná spoločnosť Cargo Slovakia, a.s. (ZSSK Cargo) Transport 100  
 Slovenský Plynárenský Priemysel Utility 51  
 Slovenské elektrárne, a.s. Utility 34  
 Vodohospodárska výstavba, š.p. Utility 100  
 Press Agency of the Slovak Republic (TASR) Media 100  
 Letecké opravovne Tren čín, a.s. (Aircraft Repair Company Tren čín 
JSC) Aircraft repair 100  
 Slovenský letecký inštitút, a.s. Military aviation 
testing institute  100  
 ZTS TEES Martinske strojarne a.s.. Defence 100  
 Vojenský opravárenský podnik 0 15 Nováky Military repairs 100  
 Vojenský opravárenský podnik 027 Tren čín Military repairs 100  
 LOBB Banská Bystrica a.s. Defence 100  
 Konstrukta-Defence, a.s. Defence 100  
 Slovak electricity transmission syst em, Plc. (Slovenska elektrizacna 
prenosova sustava, a.s. SEPS) Utility 100  
 State Fund for Market Regulation Intervention agency 100  
 Slovenská pošta, a. s. (Slovak Post) Postal 100 
    
Spain  Instituto de Crédito Oficial Banking 100  
 Agencia de Desarrollo Económico de Castilla y León Banking 100 
 Sociedad para el Desarrollo I ndustrial de Extremadura Banking 81.3 
 Galician Institute for Economic Promotion (Instituto Gallego de 
Promoción Económica, IGAPE) Banking/consultancy 100  
  Table AIII.3 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
Page 184 
 
 
Country Enterprises Main activity State 
Ownership 
(%) 
 Sociedad para el Desarrollo de Na varra (SODENA) Consultancy/banking 80  
 Sociedad para el Desarrollo Económico de  Canarias (SODECAN) Consultancy/banking 100 
 SODEAN Energy consultancy 100  
 Grupo Radio Televisión Española Telecom 100  
 Radio and Television Corporati on (Corporación Radio Televisión 
Española,  RTVE) Telecom 100  
 Administrador de Infrestructuras Ferroviarias (Adif) Infrastructure 
administration 100 
 RENFE Operadora  Transport 100  
 FEVE (Ferrocarriles Españoles de Vía Estrecha) Transport 100  
 Basque Railways EuskoTren (Eusko Trenbideak / Ferrocarriles 
Vascos) Transport 100  
 Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana (FGV) Transport 100  
 Metro de Bilbao Transport 100 
 Metro de Madrid Transport 75 
 Entitat Metropolitana del Tran sport (EMT) Transport 100  
 SODIGA Galicia Venture capital 67.3 
 Institute for Diversification and Savi ng of Energy, IDAE  (Instituto para 
la Diversificación y Ahorro de la Energía) Energy efficiency 100  
 Sotavento Galicia, Plc. Wind farm 51  
 Instituto Enerxético de Galicia  (INEGA) Energy efficiency 100 
 Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI) Association of state-
owned companies 100 
 Compañía Española de Seguros de Crédito a la Exportación, S.A. 
(CESCE) Credit insurance 50.25  
 Red Eléctrica de España S.A. (REE) Utility 20  
 Estibarna Loading company 50.85 
 Agencia EFE Media 100  
 Alimentos y Aceites S.A. Management of 
participation 91.96  
 Astilleros Españoles Shipyard 100  
 Cetarsa Tobacco 79.18  
 Cofivacasa Portfolio management 100  
 Defex Defence 51  
 Equipos nucleares ENSA Maintenance services 100  
 Enusa Industrias Avanzadas, S.A. Energy 60  
 Group Izar Shipbuilding 100  
 Hipodromo de la Zarzuela Leisure 95.78  
 Grupo Hinosa Mining 100  
 Infoinvest Real estate 
management 100  
 Iniexport Foreign trade 100  
 Minas de Almadén y Arrayanes (Mayasa) Mining 100  
 Mercasa Foodstuff distribution 51  
 Navantia Shipbuilding 100  
 Presur Mining 100  
 Anónima Estatal de Caución Agrari a (SAECA) Agriculture financing 80  
 Sedettur Tourism 100  
 Sepides Finance 100  
 Sodian Industry 60.29  
 Tragsa Infrastructure 
management 51  
 Enresa Radioactive waste 
handling 20  
 Sociedad Estatal Correos y Telégrafos (Spanish Post) Postal 100 
    
Sweden Swedish Rail Administration (Banverket)  Rail traffic authority 100  
 Swedish Road Administration (Vägverket) Road transport 
administration 100  
 SJ AB (Statens Järnvägas) Transport 100  
 Vattenfall AB Utility 100  
 Swedish Tourist Authority (Turistdelegationen) Tourist authority 100  
 Posten AB 
 Postal 100  
 Nordea Bank AB Banking 19.9  
 V&S Vin&Sprit AB Alcoholic beverages 100  
  Table AIII.3 (cont'd) European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 185 
 
 
Country Enterprises Main activity State 
Ownership 
(%) 
 Vasakronan AB Property management 100  
 LKAB AB Mining 100  
 Sveaskog AB Land and forest 
management 100  
 Green Cargo AB Logistics 100  
 SBAB Residential mortgage 100  
 Swedish Export Credit Corporation (SEK) Banking 100  
 AB Svenska Spel Gaming 100  
 A-Banan Project AB Transport 100  
 Akademiska Hus AB Real Estate 100  
 ALMI Företagspartner AB SME financing and 
counselling 100  
 Apoteket AB Pharmaceuticals 100  
 Arbetslivsresurs AB Rehabilitation of 
unemployed 100  
 AB Bostadsgaranti Construction and 
housing insurance 50  
 A/O Dom Shvetsii Property management 36  
 AB Göta Kanalbolag Canal and property 
activities 100  
 Imego AB Research 100  
 Innovationsbron AB Commercialisation of 
research and development 16  
 IRECO Holding AB Management of state 
shares in industrial research institutes 100  
 Kasernen Fastighets AB Housing for students 
and Armed Forces employees 100  
 Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern AB National theatre 100  
 Kungliga Operan AB Opera and ballet 100  
 Lernia AB Training 100  
 Norrland Center AB Business sector 
development 33.3  
 OMX AB Securities 6.6  
 Samhall AB Job creation for 
impaired 100  
 SIS Miljömärkning AB Labelling systems 
marketing 10  
 SOS Alarm Sverige AB SOS services 50  
 SP Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut AB Testing and research 100  
 Specialfastigheter Sverige AB Special property 
management 100  
 Statens Bostadsomvandling AB (Sbo) Housing 100  
 Statens Väg- och Baninvest AB Investment in 
infrastructure facilities 100  
 Förvaltningsaktiebolaget Stattum Management 100  
 Swedcarrier AB Maintenance and 
technical systems 
services  100  
 Swedesurvey AB Property information 
systems development 100  
 Swedfund International AB Risk capital 
contribution 100  
 Swedish National Road Consulting AB (SweRoad) Consultancy 100  
 AB Svensk Bilprovning Vehicle inspection 
services 52  
 Swedish Environmental Management Council (AB Svenska 
Miljöstyrningsrådet) Management of 
environmental systems 85  
 Swedish Space Corporation (Svenska Rymdaktiebolaget) Aerospace Services, 
Satellite Operation, 
Space and Airborne 
Systems 100  
 Swedish Ships Mortgage Bank (Svens ka Skepshypotekskasan) Banking 100  
 Systembolaget AB Alcoholic beverages 100  
  Table AIII.3 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
Page 186 
 
 
Country Enterprises Main activity State 
Ownership 
(%) 
 Teracom AB Telecom 100  
 Vasallen AB Management of 
military property 100  
 Venantius AB Credit market 100  
 VisitSweden AB Tourist marketing 50  
 Voksenåsen A/S Cultural activities 
between Sweden and Norway 100  
 Svenska Kraftnät Utility 100  
 The Swedish Export Credits Guarantee Board (Exportkreditnämnden  
EKN) Credit insurance 100  
United Kingdom National Savings and Investments Banking 100  
 The Export Credits Guarantee Departme nt UK (ECGD) Credit Insurance 100  
 British Energy Group Utility 35.2  
 CDC (Capital for Development) Banking 100  
 Scottish Enterprise Investment agency 100  
 Highlands and Islands Enterprise Development agency 100  
 Skills Development Scotland Skills related services 100  
 Royal Mail Group plc Postal 100  
 Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) Research 100  
 British Broadcasting Co rporation Telecom 100 
 Northern Ireland Transport Holding Transport 100  
 Transport for London Transport 100  
 National Air Traffic Services (NATS) Air traffic services 48.9  
 Northern Ireland Transport Holding Company Transport 100  
 British Nuclear Fuels Plc (BNFL) Nuclear technology 
services and solutions 100  
 Department for Regional Developm ent, Water Service (Northern 
Ireland) Utility 100 
 Camelot Group National lottery 
operator 20  
 Arts Council of Wales Art funding 100  
 Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) Nuclear sites 
decommissioning) 100 
.. Not available. 
Note: There are national state-owned enterprises, with more th an one government controlling capita l, such as SAS (Denmark, Norw ay 
and Sweden), TeliaSonora (Sweden and Finland), Svensk-Dan ska Broförbindelsen AB SVEDAB (Sweden, Denmark) and 
Thalys International (France, Be lgium, Germany).  These are not considered to be owned by any one of the member States.  
Sources:  Various websites of EC Member States. European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 187 
 
 
Table AIII.4 
EC membership in IPR treaties and conventions 
 
Treaty Date of the treaty  EC Contracting Parties 
1. Berne Convention for the Protection 
of Literary and Artistic Works 9 September 1886, as 
amended in 1979  Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cy prus, Czech Republic, Denmark, 
Estonia, Finland, France, Ge rmany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, 
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxem bourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, 
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 
2. Convention Relating to the 
Distribution of Programme–Carrying Signals Transmitted by 
Satellite (Brussels Convention) 21 May 1974  Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, 
Portugal, Slovenia, Spain 
3. Treaty on the International 
Registration of Audiovisual Works (Film Register Treaty) 20 April 1989 Austria, Czech Republic, Fran ce, Greece, Hungary, Poland, 
Slovakia 
4. Madrid Agreement for the 
Repression of False or Deceptive 
Indications of Source on Goods 14 April 1891 Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France,  Germany, Hungary, Ireland, 
Italy, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 
5. Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of 
the Olympic Symbol 26 September 1981 Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, C zech Republic, Estonia, Greece, 
Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portuga l, Romania, Slovenia, Spain 
6. Paris Convention for the Protection 
of Industrial Property 20 March 1883  Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, C zech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, 
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, 
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, 
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 
7. Patent Law Treaty 1 June 2000 Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, 
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, 
Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 
8. Convention for the Protection of 
Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their 
Phonograms (Phonograms 
Convention) 29 October 1971 Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech  Republic, Denmark, Estonia, 
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, 
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 
9. International Convention for the 
Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting 
Organizations (Rome Convention) 26 October 1961  Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, C zech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, 
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, 
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, 
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 
10. Trademark Law Treaty 27 October 1994  European Community, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, 
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Fr ance, Germany, Greece, Hungary, 
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,  Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, 
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slova kia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, 
United Kingdom 
11. WIPO Copyright Treaty 20 December 1996 Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, 
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, 
Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia 
12. WIPO Performances and 
Phonograms Treaty (WPPT)  20 December 1996  Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, 
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, 
Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia 
13. Budapest Treaty on the 
International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the 
Purposes of Patent Procedure 28 April 1977, 
amended on 26 September 1980 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, C zech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, 
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, 
Lithuania, Luxembourg¸ Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, 
Slovakia¸ Slovenia, Spain¸ Sweden, United Kingdom 
14. Hague Agreement Concerning the 
International Registration of Industrial Designs  European Community, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, 
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Romania, Slovenia, Spain 
15. Lisbon Agreement for the 
Protection of Appellations of Origin 
and their International Registration 31 October 1958, 
revised at Stockholm 
on 14 July 1967, and amended on 28 September 1979 Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France,  Hungary, Italy, Portugal, 
Romania, Slovakia, Spain 
16. Madrid Agreement Concerning the 
International Registration of Marks 14 April 1891, as 
revised and amended Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, 
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland¸ Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain 
   Table AIII.4 (cont'd) 
 
 
 
 WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
Page 188 
 
 
 
Treaty Date of the treaty  EC Contracting Parties 
17 Protocol Relating to the Madrid 
Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks (Madrid Protocol) 27 June 1989, as 
amended European Community, Austria, Be lgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech 
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latv ia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, 
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, 
Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 
18. Patent Cooperation Treaty 19 June 1970, as 
amended and modified  Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cy prus, Czech Republic, Denmark, 
Estonia, Finland, France, Ge rmany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, 
Italy¸ Latvia, Lithuania, Luxem bourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, 
Portugal, Romania Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 
19. Locarno Agreement Establishing an 
International Classification for 
Industrial Designs 8 October 1968,  
amended on 
28 September 1979  Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, C zech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, 
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, 
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal,  Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, 
Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 
20. Nice Agreement Concerning the 
International Classification of 
Goods and Services for the 
Purposes of the Registration of Marks 15 June 1957, as 
revised and amended  Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, C zech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, 
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, 
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, 
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 
21. Strasbourg Agreement Concerning 
the International Patent 
Classification 24 March 1971, 
amended on 
28 September 1979 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, C zech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, 
Finland, France, Germany, Greece,  Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, 
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, 
Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 
22. Vienna Agreement Establishing an 
International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks 12 June 1973, as 
amended on 1 October  1985  Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, 
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Sweden 
23. Convention Establishing the World 
Intellectual Prope rty Organization 14 July 1967, as 
amended on 28 September 1979 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cy prus, Czech Republic, Denmark, 
Estonia, Finland, France, Ge rmany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, 
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxem bourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, 
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 
24. Convention on the grant of 
european patents (European Patent Convention) 5 October 1973, as 
revised Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cy prus, Czech Republic, Denmark, 
Estonia, Finland, France, Ge rmany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, 
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxem bourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, 
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 
25. International Convention for the 
Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV Convention) 1 December 1961, as 
revised European Community, Austria,  Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech 
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finl and, France, Germany, Hungary, 
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 
Source:  World Intellectual Property Rights Organization online information.  View ed at http://www. wipo.int/treaties/en/.  European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 189 
 
 
Table AIV.1 
Applied MFN tariffs, by ISIC Rev.2 category, 2008 
(Per cent and US$ million) 
ISIC 
code Description Number 
of lines Simple average Range Standard 
deviation 
 (Per cent) 
 Total 9,699.0 6.7 0-604.3 14.7 
      
1 Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing 565.0 9.3 0-139.6 13.8 
11 Agriculture and hunting 422.0 9.9 0-139.6 15.5 
12 Forestry and logging 36.0 0.3 0-3.2 0.9 
121 Forestry 14.0 0.7 0-3.2 1.3 
122 Logging 22.0 0.0 0-0 0.0 
13 Fishing 107.0 9.7 0-23 6.4 
1301 Ocean and coastal fishing 97.0 10.0 0-23 6.5 
1302 Fishing n.e.c. 10.0 7.0 0-12 4.7 
     
2 Mining and quarrying 124.0 0.2 0-8 1.2 
21 Coal mining 6.0 0.0 0-0 0.0 
22 Crude petroleum and natural gas production 10.0 0.9 0-8 2.5 
23 Metal ore mining 27.0 0.0 0-0 0.0 
2301 Mining of iron ores 2.0 0.0 0-0 0.0 
2302 Non-ferrous ore mining 25.0 0.0 0-0 0.0 
29 Other mining 81.0 0.3 0-8.0 1.2 
2901 Mining of feldspar 40.0 0.0 0-1.7 0.3 
2902 Mining of fertilizer and chemical minerals 14.0 0.1 0-1.7 0.5 
2903 Salt mining 5.0 3.5 0-8.0 3.6 
2909 Mining and quarrying n.e.s. 22.0 0.0 0-0 0.0 
     
3 Manufacturing 9,009.0 6.7 0-604.3 14.8 
3 - 31 - Manufacturing (excluding food processing) 7,247.0 3.8 0-89.8 4.0 
     
31 Manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco 1,762.0 19.4 0-604.3 30.4 
311 Food products 1,433.0 20.5 0-485.6 27.2 
3111 Meat products 290.0 25.4 0-204.2 29.2 
3112 Dairy products 150.0 32.4 0-189.7 33.2 
3113 Fruit and vegetable canning 383.0 21.5 0-485.6 32.2 
3114 Fish products 276.0 10.9 0-26 6.6 
3115 Manufacture of oil and fats (veg. and animal) 128.0 10.2 0-161.9 21.8 
3116 Grain mill products 118.0 33.8 4.2-111.4 27.4 
3117 Manufacture of bakery products 33.0 15.3 7.6-57.9 11.4 
3118 Sugar products 11.0 32.9 0-94.7 37.0 
3119 Cocoa and chocolate confectionery 44.0 13.0 0-95.7 14.1 
312 Other food products and animal feeds 139.0 17.5 0-604.3 55.7 
3121 Other food products 97.0 19.1 0-604.3 63.2 
3122 Manufacture of animal feeds 42.0 12.9 0-91.6 23.5 
313 Beverages 181.0 10.7 0-218.3 26.0 
3131 Distillation of spirits and alcohol production 56.0 2.5 0-39.9 8.5 
3132 Manufacture of wines 108.0 16.2 0-218.3 33.1 
3133 Manufacture of malt liquors and malt 8.0 10.8 0-33.8 12.8 
3134 Soft drinks and mineral waters 9.0 6.7 0-16.8 6.7 
314 Tobacco manufacturing 9.0 41.8 10-74.9 25.5 
     
32 Textile, wearing apparel and leather industries 1,351.0 7.6 0-17 3.5 
321 Textiles 962.0 7.4 0-14.5 3.0 
3211 Textile spinning, w eaving and finishing 536.0 6.0 0-8 2.4 
3212 Made-up textile goods except wearing apparel 85.0 9.9 2-12 2.8 
    Table AIV.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/214 Trade Policy Review 
Page 190 
 
 
ISIC 
code Description Number 
of lines Simple average Range Standard 
deviation 
 (Per cent) 
3213 Knitted and croc heted fabrics 204.0 10.6 6.5-12 1.9 
3214 Carpets and rugs 40.0 7.8 3-14.5 1.6 
3215 Cordage, rope, etc 23.0 8.3 5.8-12 1.6 
3219 Textiles n.e.c. 74.0 5.6 3.2-8 1.4 
322 Manufacture of wearing apparel, except footwear 216.0 10.8 0-12 2.7 
323 Leather products, except footwear and wearing apparel 116.0 3.4 0-9.7 2.6 
3231 Tanning and dressing of leather 60.0 3.5 0-6.5 2.6 
3232 Fur dressing and dying 27.0 1.7 0-3.7 1.1 
3233 Leather products except footwear 29.0 4.8 2-9.7 2.7 
324 Footwear, except vulcanized rubber or plastic footwear 57.0 7.7 3-17 3.8 
     
33 Wood and wood products, including furniture 215.0 2.3 0-10 2.4 
331 Wood and wood products, except furniture 177.0 2.3 0-10 2.5 
3311 Sawmills and woodmills 123.0 2.2 0-10 2.7 
3312 Wooden case containers and cane ware 29.0 2.7 0-4.7 1.4 
3319 Wood and cork products 25.0 2.3 0-4.7 2.0 
332 Manuf.of furniture & fixtures, except primarily of metal 38.0 2.0 0-5.6 2.0 
     
34 Paper, paper products, printing and publishing 225.0 0.5 0-7 1.7 
341 Paper products 188.0 0.5 0-7 1.8 
3411 Pulp, paper and paperboard 127.0 0.8 0-7 2.2 
3412 Containers, paper boxes, paperboard 9.0 0.0 0-0 0.0 
3419 Articles n.e.s.(stationery) 52.0 0.0 0-0 0.0 
342 Printing and publishing and allied industries 37.0 0.0 0-0 0.0 
     
35 Chemicals, petroleum, coal, rubber, plastics 1,747.0 4.5 0-89.8 4.5 
351 Industrial chemicals 1,123.0 4.8 0-89.8 4.1 
3511 Basic industrial chemicals 806.0 4.7 0-89.8 4.6 
3512 Fertilizers and pesticides 61.0 5.1 0-6.5 2.3 
3513 Synthetic resins, plastic  materials except glass 256.0 4.9 0-6.5 2.6 
352 Other chemicals, incl. pharm. 398.0 3.7 0-63.3 5.7 
3521 Paints, varnishes and lacquers 29.0 5.2 0-6.5 2.3 
3522 Drugs and medicines 140.0 1.1 0-6.5 2.4 
3523 Soaps 36.0 2.1 0-6.5 2.6 
3529 Other chemicals n.e.s. 193.0 5.7 0-63.3 7.1 
353 Petroleum refineries 66.0 2.3 0-6.5 2.1 
354 Manuf. of miscellaneous petroleum & coal products 20.0 0.7 0-4.6 1.7 
355 Rubber products 103.0 5.4 0-17 5.5 
3551 Tyre and tube industries 28.0 3.7 0-4.5 1.0 
3559 Rubber products n.e.s. 75.0 6.0 0-17 6.3 
356 Manufacture of plastic products n.e.s. 37.0 5.8 0-6.5 1.7 
     
36 Non-metallic mineral products except of petrol. & coal 286.0 3.9 0-12 3.0 
361 Pottery and china 26.0 5.8 3-12 2.3 
362 Manufacture of glass and glass products 133.0 5.0 0-11 3.2 
369 Other non-metallic mineral products 127.0 2.3 0-7 2.1 
3691 Structural clay products 32.0 3.9 0-7 2.0 
3692 Cement, lime and plaster 11.0 1.4 0-1.7 0.7 
3699 Non-metallic mineral products 84.0 1.8 0-7 1.9 
      
37 Basic metal industries 658.0 1.2 0-10 2.3 
371 Iron and steel basic industries 427.0 0.2 0-7 0.9 
372 Non-ferrous metal basic industries 231.0 2.9 0-10 2.9 
    Table AIV.1 (cont'd)European Communities WT/TPR/S/214 
 Page 191 
 
 
ISIC 
code Description Number 
of lines Simple average Range Standard 
deviation 
 (Per cent) 
38 Fabricated metal products, machinery & equipment 2,487.0 2.6 0-22 2.8 
381 Fabricated metal products, except machinery & equipment 353.0 2.7 0-8.5 1.9 
3811 Manufacture of cutlery and hardware 88.0 3.2 1.35-8.5 2.1 
3812 Metal furniture and fixtures 14.0 1.0 0-3.7 1.5 
3813 Structural metal products 36.0 2.4 0-7 1.8 
3819 Fabricated metal prod. except mach. & equipment. n.e.c. 215.0 2.7 0-6 1.7 
382 Non-electrical machinery including computers 916.0 1.7 0-9.7 1.3 
3821 Engines and turbines 33.0 2.7 2.05-4.5 0.9 
3822 Agricultural machinery 66.0 0.5 0-7 1.1 
3823 Metal and woodworking machinery 209.0 2.3 0-4.5 0.6 
3824 Special industrial machinery 224.0 1.3 0-6 0.9 
3825 Office machinery 60.0 0.8 0-6 1.2 
3829 Non-electrical machinery and equipment, n.e.s. 324.0 1.9 0-9.7 1.6 
383 Electrical machinery apparatus, appliances & supplies 565.0 3.0 0-14 3.4 
3831 Electrical motors and apparatus 121.0 1.9 0-4.7 0.8 
3832 Radio, television and communication equipment 249.0 3.6 0-14 4.9 
3833 Electrical appliances and houseware 39.0 2.7 1.35-6.9 0.9 
3839 Electrical apparatus n.e.s. 156.0 2.8 0-5.7 1.4 
384 Transport equipment 336.0 4.3 0-22 4.6 
3841 Ship building and repairing 65.0 1.5 0-6.2 1.4 
3842 Railway and tramway 39.0 1.8 0-3.7 0.7 
3843 Motor vehicles 163.0 6.3 0-22 5.4 
3844 Motorcycles et bicycles 34.0 6.1 0-15 3.1 
3845 Aircraft manufacture 29.0 1.6 0.85-3.85 0.7 
3849 Other transport equipment n.e.c. 6.0 1.5 0-2.7 1.2 
385 Professional and scientific equipment 317.0 2.2 0-10.1 2.0 
3851 Prof., scientif., measuring equipment 191.0 1.1 0-4 1.3 
3852 Photographic and optical goods 72.0 3.3 0-6.7 1.6 
3853 Watches and clocks 54.0 4.6 1.85-10.1 1.7 
     
39 Other manufacturing industries 278.0 2.7 0-17 2.3 
3901 Jewellery and related articles 25.0 1.5 0-4.7 1.6 
3902 Musical instruments 31.0 3.2 1.7-4 0.6 
3903 Sporting goods 40.0 3.9 0-17 4.1 
3909 Other manufacturing n.e.c. 182.0 2.5 0-10.9 1.9 
     
4 Electrical energy 1 0 0-0 0 
a The total of imports is higher than the sum of sub-items, as  certain imports, to the value of €55,077.7 million are not class ified in 
the Harmonized System. 
Note: Calculations include the ad valorem  component of alternate rates. 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on Official Journal of the European Union , 31 October 2007 L 286; imports 
data  from EUROSTAT online information.  Viewed at: http://epp.euro stat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=0,113621 
 7,0_45571467&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL. 
 
  
__________