WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  RESTRICTED 
WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
1 June 2011 
 (11-2778) 
Working Party on the 
Accession of Tajikistan  
 
 
 
DRAFT REPORT OF THE WORKING PARTY ON  
THE ACCESSION OF TAJIKISTAN  
TO THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION 
 
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  TABLE OF CONTENTS 
I.  INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. .. 1 
DOCUMENTATION PROVIDED ...................................................................................................... 1  
INTRODUCTORY STATEMENTS .................................................................................................... 1  
II.  ECONOMIC POLICIES .......................................................................................................... 2  
-  Monetary and Fiscal Policy .................................................................................................... .. 2 
-  Foreign Exchange and Payments ............................................................................................ 3  
-  Investment Regime.............................................................................................................. ...... 7 
-  State Ownership, Privatization and State-trading entities .................................................... 9  
-  Pricing Policies .............................................................................................................. .......... 13 
-  Competitio n Policy ............................................................................................................ ...... 16 
III. FRAMEWORK FOR MAKING AND ENFORCING POLICIES .................................... 17  
-  Powers of Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches of Government .......................... 17  
-  Authority of Sub-Central Governments ............................................................................... 21  
IV.  POLICIES AFFECTING TRADE IN GOODS ................................................................... 22  
-  Trading Rights ................................................................................................................ ........ 22 
A.  IMPORT REGULATION ...................................................................................................... 26  
-  Ordinary customs duties ....................................................................................................... . 26 
-  Other duties and charges ...................................................................................................... .. 28 
-  Tariff rate quotas, tariff exemptions ..................................................................................... 28  
-  Fees and charges for services rendered ................................................................................. 29  
-  Application of internal  taxes to imports ............................................................................... 31  
-  Excise tax .................................................................................................................... ............. 32  
-  Value added tax (VAT) ......................................................................................................... .. 32 
-  Other Taxes ................................................................................................................... .......... 34 
-  Quantitative import restrictions, includi ng prohibitions, quotas and licensing 
systems ....................................................................................................................... .............. 35  
-  Quantitative restrictions, including prohibitions and quotas ............................................. 35  
-  Import licensing systems ...................................................................................................... .. 36 
-  Customs valuation ............................................................................................................. ...... 40 
-  Rules of origin ............................................................................................................... .......... 43 
-  Pre-shipment inspection ....................................................................................................... .. 44 
-  Anti-dumping, countervailing duties, safeguard regimes ................................................... 45  
B.  EXPORT REGULATION ...................................................................................................... 47  
-  Customs tariffs, fees and charges for serv ices rendered, application of internal 
taxes to exports .............................................................................................................. .......... 47 WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  -  Export restri ctions ........................................................................................................... ....... 48 
C.  INTERNAL POLICIES A FFECTING FOREIGN TRADE IN GOODS ......................... 51  
-  Industrial policy, including subsidies .................................................................................... 51  
-  Technical barriers to trade, standards and certification ..................................................... 54  
-  Sanitary and phytosanitary measures ................................................................................... 57  
-  Trade-related investment measures ...................................................................................... 63  
-  Free zones, special economic areas ........................................................................................ 64  
-  Government-mandated barter and counter-trade ............................................................... 66  
-  Government procurement ...................................................................................................... 6 6 
-  Transit ....................................................................................................................... ............... 67  
-  Agricultural policies.......................................................................................................... ...... 68 
(a)  Imports ....................................................................................................................... .............. 68  
(b)  Exports ....................................................................................................................... .............. 68  
(c)  Internal policies ............................................................................................................. .......... 69 
-  Trade in ci vil aircraft ....................................................................................................... ....... 69 
-  Textiles Regime ............................................................................................................... ........ 69 
V.  TRADE-RELATED INTELLECTUAL  PROPERTY REGIME ....................................... 69  
-  GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... ........ 69 
-  Industrial property protection ............................................................................................... 69 
-  Responsible agencies for policy formulation and implementation ..................................... 70  
-
  Participation in international intellectual property agreements ........................................ 70  
-  Application of national and MFN treatment to foreign nationals ...................................... 72  
-  Fees and taxes ................................................................................................................ .......... 72 
-  SUBSTANTIVE STANDARDS OF PROTECTION, INCLUDING 
PROCEDURES FOR THE ACQUISITION AND MAINTENANCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ........................................................................... 72  
-  Copyright and related rights ..................................................................................................  72 
-  Trademarks, including service marks ................................................................................... 74  
-  Geographical indications, including appellations of origin ................................................. 76  
-  Industrial designs ............................................................................................................ ........ 77 
-  Patents ....................................................................................................................... ............... 77  
-  Plant variety protection ...................................................................................................... .... 79 
-  Layout designs of integrated circuits .................................................................................... 79  
-  Requirements on undisclosed information, in cluding trade secrets and test data ............ 80  
-  MEASURES TO CONTROL ABUSE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 
RIGHTS ........................................................................................................................ ........... 81  
-  ENFORCEMENT ...................................................................................................................  81  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  -  Civil judicial procedures and remedies ................................................................................. 81  
-  Provisional measures .......................................................................................................... .... 82 
-  Administrative procedures and remedies ............................................................................. 82  
-  Special border measures ....................................................................................................... .. 83 
-  Criminal procedures ........................................................................................................... .... 84 
VI.  POLICIES AFFECTING TRADE IN SERVICES .............................................................. 86  
VII. TRANSPARENCY ................................................................................................................. 87 
-  Publication of information on trade ...................................................................................... 87  
-  Notifications ................................................................................................................. ............ 88  
VIII. TRADE AGREEMENTS ....................................................................................................... 88  
CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................... ............... 89  
ANNEX 1 ....................................................................................................................... ....................... 90  
ANNEX 2 ....................................................................................................................... ....................... 93  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  I. INTRODUCTION 
1. The Government of the Republic of Tajikis tan applied for accession to the World Trade 
Organization (WTO) in May 2001.  At its meeting on 18 July 2001, the General Council established a 
Working Party to examine the application of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan to accede 
to the World Trade Organization under Article X II of the Marrakesh Agreement establishing 
the WTO.  The terms of reference and the member ship of the Working Party are reproduced in 
document WT/ACC/TJK/2/Rev.[9]. 
2. The Working Party met on 18 March 2004, 26 April 2005, 6 October 2006, 
24 September 2009, 24 November 2010 and […] under the Chairmanship of H.E. Mr. Clyde Kull (Estonia). 
DOCUMENTATION PROVIDED 
3. The Working Party had before it, to serve as a basis for its discussions, a Memorandum on the 
Foreign Trade Regime of Tajikistan (WT/ACC/TJK/ 3), the questions submitted by Members on the 
foreign trade regime of Tajikistan, together with th e replies thereto, and other information provided by 
the authorities of Tajikistan (documents WT/ACC/TJ K/4 to 6, WT/ACC/TJK/7 and Revisions 1, 2, 3 
and 4, WT/ACC/TJK/8, WT/ACC/TJK/9, WT/ACC/TJK/10 and Revision 1, WT/ACC/TJK/11 to 21 
[...]), including the legislative texts a nd other documentation listed in Annex 1. 
INTRODUCTORY STATEMENTS 
4. The representative of Tajikistan said that hi s Government was committed to Tajikistan's 
integration into the multilateral trading system a nd its accession to the WTO.   The basic principles 
and rules of the WTO had broad support in Tajikistan.   In this regard, Tajikistan had taken steps to 
reform its economic and foreign trade regime.  Ho wever, as a transition economy at a low level of 
economic development, Tajikistan sought recognition and the status of a developing country in 
the WTO.  He welcomed the technical and financial assistance received from Members and 
multilateral agencies in support of Tajikistan's accession to the WTO.  Further assistance was 
requested. 
5. Members welcomed Tajikistan's application to accede to the WTO.  The recent domestic 
reforms in Tajikistan complemented its WTO acc ession process.  Members appreciated the work 
already undertaken to achieve compliance with  WTO rules and principles, though some Members 
noted that further work was still needed.  Members highlighted the technical assistance that they had 
provided and pledged to continue their technical a nd financial support for th e accession of Tajikistan. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  6. The Working Party reviewed the economic polici es and foreign trade regime of Tajikistan and 
the possible terms of a draft Protocol of Accession to the WTO.  The views expressed by Members on 
the various aspects of Tajikistan's foreign trade regi me, and on the terms and c onditions of Tajikistan's 
accession to the WTO, are summarized below in paragraphs 7 to […]. 
II. ECONOMIC POLICIES  
- Monetary and Fiscal Policy 7. The representative of Tajikistan said that the le gal basis for the development of Tajikistan's 
monetary system had been established over the period 1991-1998 through the promulgation of several 
laws, regulations and normative acts, such as the La ws "On the National Bank of Tajikistan" (1996); 
"On Banks and Bank Activities" ( 1993, 1995, 1998), which had been  replaced by the Law "On Bank 
Activities" of 2009; "On Securities and Stock Exchanges" (1992); and the "Order of the Issue of 
Permits for Opening Accounts in Foreign Currency by Residents in Banks Outside Tajikistan" (1997).  
The monetary and credit policy had been furthe r refined and developed by the Decree "On the 
Principal Guidelines of Credit-monetary and Foreign Exchange Policies of the Republic of Tajikistan" 
(2000).  These guidelines advocated market  economy principles and transparency. 
8. For the period 2010-2011, the main objectives of monetary and credit policy in Tajikistan had 
been maintaining inflation levels at 11 per cen t and 7 per cent respectively, and ensuring the 
development and stability of the banking and payment systems, as well as the financial markets. 
9. The monetary system was regulated by the Nati onal Bank of Tajikistan (NBT).  The National 
Bank regulated monetary circulation through cred it controls, sterilization of sales and purchases of 
foreign exchange, variations in its gold and foreig n exchange reserves, transactions with the treasury, 
and the issue and sale of treasury bills. 
10. The banking sector in Tajikistan comprised of 13  banks, one branch or affiliate of a foreign 
bank and three credit unions.  To protect the inter ests of creditors and depositors and to provide 
stability in the functioning of the banking system, th e "General rules of regulation of bank activity", 
enacted in 1995, and put into force in 1996, set out the obligatory standards that regulated bank activities in Tajikistan.  In response to a specifi c question, he said that foreign banks could open 
branches and that the requirements for their opening  and operation were consis tent with international 
banking practices.  Pursuant to Law No. 524 "O n Banking Activities" of 19 May 2009, foreign banks, 
their branches and affiliations, operated in conditions identical to those applicable to Tajik banks.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  The Law had abolished limits on foreign capital a nd there was no requirement to increase the funding 
capital of the bank or to provide separate capital for the opening of a branch. 
11. Reforms in the banking sector had focused on expanding the range and quality of banking 
services; improving the operation of the credit, secu rities and foreign exchange markets; creation of 
non-banking financial institutions for the provisi on of financial services; banking services and support 
for the private sector; the creation of a national payments system; accelerating settlement of accounts 
through electronic means; and building confidence in the banking sector through the enforcement of 
legislation protecting the rights of the banks' customers. 
12. Fiscal policy in Tajikistan was geared towa rds the stabilization of the economy and the 
Government's budget and its finances.  The Law "On the Fundamentals of Budgetary Structure and 
Budgetary Process" of 1997, together with the St ate budget adopted annually provided the basis for 
the formulation and execution of fiscal policy in Tajikistan. 
13. The Taxation Code of 12 November 1998 had so ught to simplify tax collection mechanisms, 
remove a number of inefficient or irrational tax es and other obligatory payments, and to build an 
integrated tax system.  The Taxation Code enumerated  five types of taxes, namely - value-added tax, 
excise tax, profits tax, income tax and sales tax on certain goods.  The sales tax on cotton and 
aluminium had been introduced to increase Govern ment revenues.  Furthe r tax reforms had been 
undertaken with the Tax Code of 3 December 2004, which had entered into force on 1 January 2005. 
14. On the expenditure side, the State budget fo r 2010 had amounted to 6,781.7 million Somoni 
or about 27.7 per cent of GDP.  A budget deficit of  1 per cent of GDP had been foreseen for 2011.  
This deficit was to be covered through the privatiz ation of State property, programme loans (grants) 
from international financial institutions, the sale of  treasury bills and securities and deposits of the 
Republican budget.  He noted that Tajikistan's budgetary classification of revenues and expenses had 
met international standards since 2000, and was in  accordance with the Statistics of State finance 
designed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). 
- Foreign Exchange and Payments 
15. The representative of Tajikistan said that th e foreign exchange policy was a component of 
Tajikistan's monetary and credit policy.  The polic y was geared towards providing stability to the 
national currency, liberalizing foreign exchange  operations and further developing the foreign 
exchange market.  The National Bank of Tajikistan (NBT) was responsible for development of policy 
and the regulation and organization of  all foreign exchange transactions. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  16. Tajikistan had been among the last of the cons tituents of the Commonwealth of Independent 
States to introduce its own national currency, as it had depended on the currency and the monetary 
and credit policy of the Russian Federation.  Following the introduction of an interim national 
currency in May 1995 (the "rubl"), the "Somoni" ha d become the national currency in October 2000.  
The official exchange rate was 4.5108 Somoni per US dollar on 20 May 2011. 
17. He added that Tajikistan had been a Memb er of the IMF since 27 April 1993 and had 
accepted the obligations of Article VIII of the IMF Articles of Agreement on 9 December 2004.  
Tajikistan's foreign exchange  and payments regime had been reviewed by the IMF.  He stated that the 
regime had been found to be in full compliance with IMF's Article VIII  obligations, with no 
restrictions on payments and transfers for current account transactions. 
18. Law No. 112 "On Foreign Exchange Regulation and Control" of 4 November 1995 governed 
the rights of residents and non-residents holding foreign exchange in Tajikistan.  According to 
Article 5 of this Law, residents that were lega l entities and natural persons involved in business 
activities could open foreign currency accounts in Tajik  or foreign banks.  Accounts in foreign banks 
could, however, only be opened with the prior pe rmission of the NBT.  The procedures and decision 
criteria for issuing the permission were set out in the NBT Instruction No. 51 "On Procedure of Issue 
of Permissions for Opening Accounts in Forei gn Currency in Banks Outside the Republic of 
Tajikistan by Residents" of 16 September 1997.  D ecisions were based on whether the applicant was 
able to make payments through his/her bank accoun t in Tajikistan; or through the accounts of Tajik 
banks in foreign banks; or if opening an account in a foreign bank was a requirement in the terms of a 
contract, agreement, treaty, etc. 
19. A Member noted that the required permissions to open an account in a foreign bank could be 
a restraint on trade, and requested further informatio n regarding the rationale for this restriction and 
any plans to eliminate or ease this procedure.  In  response, the representative of Tajikistan said that 
this requirement had been deemed necessary to pr event the illegal movement of capital.  However, 
this restriction had been eliminated with the a doption, in May 2011, of a new NBT Instruction on 
"Registration of Bank Accounts of Residents of th e Republic of Tajikistan Opened Outside of the 
Republic of Tajikistan".  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  20. Residents had the right to buy and sell foreign exchange in the domestic market.  
The purchase and sale of foreign exchange in Tajikis tan took place through aut horized banks and their 
exchange offices.  Instruction No. 142 of 11 October 2005, replacing Decree No. 106 of 
11 March 2000, established procedural requirements fo r cross-border transfer of foreign exchange in 
cash.  Non-cash transfers were not subject to an y procedural requirements nor were there any 
quantitative limits on the amount of foreign currency that could be imported into or withdrawn from 
Tajikistan.  As per Instruction No. 142, any pers on carrying foreign currency exceeding the equivalent 
of US$3,000 in cash across the border had to declare it to customs in writing.  Non-residents carrying 
more than US$3,000, and Tajik residents over US$10, 000, were required to obtain permission issued 
by the NBT, commercial banks or non-banking fina ncial institutions.  In lieu of such permission, 
non-residents exporting or withdrawing foreign currency could present a customs declaration 
verifying the amount of cash previously brought into Tajikistan.  Permission was the document 
confirming that the foreign currency in cash had been  obtained legally, i.e. from a bank or exchange 
office.  He added that the procedural requirements for the cross-border transfer of foreign exchange in 
cash had been implemented to prevent money launde ring and were, in his opinion, not restricting 
current account transactions. 
21. In accordance with a Joint In struction of the National Bank and the Customs Committee 
entitled the "Regulation on the Procedures to Implem ent Currency Control on Exchange Earnings in 
the Republic of Tajikistan Coming from the Export of Merchandise" of 14 August 1996, all exporters 
were obliged to transfer or repa triate all foreign exchange earnings  from exports of goods and services 
into their own foreign currency accounts held in serving banks located in Tajikistan.  There were no 
foreign exchange surrender requirement s in Tajikistan.  Once the earn ings had been transferred, the 
exporters were guaranteed exemption from any additi onal payments and charge s and were not subject 
to the compulsory sale of this foreign exchange in the domestic market.  Exporters could use these 
earnings at their own discretion, including for the purchase of imports and/or any other payments 
without restrictions.  The purpose  of this requirement was to ensure  foreign exchange inflows to assist 
Tajikistan in meeting balance-of-payments and impor t-cover needs, and to allow the Government to 
fulfil any foreign debt obligations. 
22. The representative of Tajikistan said that Presi dential Decree No. 424 "On Liberalization of 
Currency and Export Operations and Measures to Ensu re the Complete Return of Currency Proceeds" 
of 24 February 1996 stipulated that full adva nce payment was required for the export of certain 
merchandise goods listed in Table 1.  These products  - the principal exports - accounted for about 
two thirds of Tajikistan's total e xports.  The mandatory pre-payment requirement sought to ensure the 
return of foreign currency proceeds from these exports and was imposed to prevent deceptive WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  practices and capital flight in light of the unstable balance-of-payments situation and recurrent current 
account deficits.  He said that the mandatory pre- payment requirement would be eliminated once the 
balance-of-payments situation improved.  In the inte rim, other means of payment including letters of 
credit could also be used to pay for exports. 
Table 1:  Export Products with 100 pe r cent Mandatory Pre-payment Requirement 
Code GN FEA Product 
0409  Natural honey 
2401 Fermented tobacco  
3301 21 Geranium oil 
3102 - 3105 Chemical fertilizers 
4104 - 4115 Hides and leather 
5201 - 5212 Cotton fibre and products thereof 
2616, 7101, 7112,  Ore, concentrates and scrap of precious metals, precious natural stones and their 
Articles  
7204, 7503, 7602, 
78002, 7902, 8002 Scrap of ferrous and non-ferrous metals  
7601 - 7616 Aluminium and its products  
 
23. He added that Decree No. 424 of 24 Februa ry 1996, as amended by Presidential Decree 
No. 1249 of 13 July 1999, had also set a limited time  of 120 days to transfer hard currency proceeds 
from the exports of goods not listed in Decree No. 424 back into Tajikistan.  Implementation of this 
currency regulation envisaged a "Passport of a transac tion" drawn up by the exporter in an authorized 
bank.  Serving as currency control agents, the author ized banks charged 0.01 per cent of the contract 
value based on which a passport of a transaction w as drawn up.  The procedures to fill out a passport 
of a transaction were determined in accordance with  the Regulation "On the Procedure to Implement 
Hard Currency Control on Exchange Earnings in Tajikistan coming from the Export of Merchandise" 
approved by the NBT and the Ministry of Public Re venues and Charges in August 1996.  As set out in 
the above-mentioned Regulation, a passport of a tr ansaction was the basic document containing data 
on the transaction and was drawn up by an exporter .  The exporter submitted this document to the 
bank and to the customs body clearing the commod ity.  The bank and the customs body exchanged 
information on the passport.  Once the export earnings  had been transferred to the exporter's account 
in Tajikistan, the currency regulations were me t, and the passport of a transaction expired. 
24. Some Members considered the mandatory pre- payment of exports; the transaction passport 
requirements for exporters; and the obligation to repatriate export earnings to foreign currency 
accounts in Tajikistan to be measures restricti ng current account transactions.  They encouraged 
Tajikistan to liberalize these measures and eliminate them by the date of accession.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  25. The representative of Tajikistan replied that the export transaction passport requirements had 
been eliminated in 2007 (NBT Board Decision No. 37 of 26 January 2007).  The mandatory 
pre-payment and repatriation of export proceeds requirements had also been eliminated with 
Presidential Decree No. 911 of 26 August 2010 repealing Decree No. 424. 
26. As for capital account transactions, he said that Regulation No. 51 "On the Procedures of 
Carrying Currency Transactions Related to Capita l Movement" of 16 September 1997 governed the 
usage of foreign exchange for capita l account transactions.  Regardi ng settlement of foreign debt, he 
said that the Department of Foreign Debts in the Mi nistry of Finance had been created in the second 
quarter of 1997 to settle payments a nd debt instruments.  This Depart ment dealt with the restructuring 
and servicing of foreign debt in Tajikistan. 
27. Asked about the circumstances, including the judicial and appeal process, under which a 
foreign account could be frozen in Tajikistan, he re plied that in conformity with Regulation No. 120 
"On the Procedure of Opening and Managing Fore ign Exchange Account", a foreign account could 
only be seized on the basis of a court decision or a reso lution by an investigative agency to this effect.  
The period for which these funds were seized could not exceed the period set for processing the case.  
Decisions to seize or freeze assets could be appealed through the courts. 
- Investment Regime 
28. The representative of Tajikistan said that La w No. 260 "On Investments" of 12 May 2007 
provided the legal framework for all investments in Tajikistan.  The Foreign Investment Law, 
promulgated in 1992, had been eliminated  with the introduction of the new Law. 
29. The 2007 Investment Law guaranteed foreign and domestic investors equal rights without 
discrimination.  No requirements or conditions we re imposed on foreign investment that would not 
equally be imposed on domestic investment.  He not ed that the Law did not impose restrictions in any 
particular sector or area.  However, certain activitie s were subject to licensing pursuant to Law No. 37 
"On Licensing of Separate Types of Activity" of  17 May 2004, as amended, and Resolution No. 172 
"On the Peculiarities of Licensing Certain Types of Activities" of 3 April 2007. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  30. Asked to describe the process for commencing fore ign investments in Tajikistan, he said that 
a foreign investor could establish a legal entity in  accordance with the same le gislation applicable to 
domestic investors, i.e. the Law "On Limited Liability Companies", the Law "On Joint Stock 
Companies", the Law "On State Registration of Legal Entities", and the Civil Code.  The registration procedures did not differ for foreign investors, excep t for a requirement to translate foreign documents 
into the Tajik language. 
31. He noted that Tajikistan had sought to impr ove the investment climate and legislative 
framework for foreign capital.  The 2007 Investment Law had lifted a requirement on foreign enterprises to employ at least 70 per cent of th eir work force locally.  A "preliminary expert 
examination" of all large-scale construction and r econstruction projects with foreign participation had 
also been abolished.  Furthermore, a "scientif ic expert examination" to verify the economic 
appropriateness and technological novelty of all newl y established enterprises had been eliminated 
(Decree No. 453 of 2 September 2010). 
32. Investment incentives, in the form of tax and custom duty exemptions, were granted pursuant 
to Resolution No. 591 of 30 November 2007, th e Customs Code (Article 345), the Tax Code 
(Articles 145 and 211), and Article 19 of the Investme nt Law.  Domestic and foreign investors were 
eligible for benefits on equal terms.  Profit tax for all newly established enterprises was waived for a 
period of two to five years.  The length of the ta x waiver depended on the volume of investment.  
His Government offered VAT and custom duty exem ptions to import technology and manufacturing 
equipment and spare parts to develop or to upgrade existing production or to replenish the statutory 
funds of the entity.  The VAT and custom duty exem ptions accorded to investors were not contingent 
on export performance or local content requirements. 
33. Legal protection was granted to foreign investor s to safeguard tax relief and other benefits 
from any future changes to the legislation.  In th is regard, VAT and custom duty exemptions had been 
granted for capital goods used directly in the pr oduction of goods, works and services by foreign 
enterprises.  Foreign investment in priority ar eas had also benefited from additional tax relief and 
other benefits.  In his view, the benefits accorded pursuant to the Foreign Investment Law were not 
WTO inconsistent and thus no attempt had b een made to "grandfather" these benefits. 
34. Asked about the restrictions in land use and the constitutional ban on private property, the 
representative of Tajikistan said that as stipulated in  Article 13 of the Constit ution, the State was the 
exclusive owner of land in Tajikista n and it guaranteed the efficient use of the land in the interests of 
the people.  Private ownership of land was prohibi ted for both citizens of Tajikistan and foreign 
nationals.  His Government did not have any plans to change this provision of the Constitution.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  On land use, in conformity with Article 10 of th e Land Code, land users coul d be legal or physical 
persons, who could be primary or  secondary land users.  Primary  land users could have land plots for 
an unlimited, short term, or inherited life use.  Secondary land users were legal entities or physical 
persons renting land from primary users.  No restrictions precluded foreigners from becoming 
secondary land users.  In addition, Article 105 of the Land Code specified that if international 
agreements ratified by Tajikistan determined rules ot her than those stipulated by the Land Code of 
Tajikistan, then the rules of the in ternational agreements would apply. 
35. The representative of Tajikistan added that fo reign natural persons and legal entities could 
obtain primary land use rights without time limit by forming a joint venture with a domestic partner.  
Otherwise, primary land use rights were limited to 50 years for foreigners according to Article 25 of 
the Land Code, and foreign natural or legal persons could not be la nd users with lifetime inheritance 
rights, nor be land users in specially protected areas.  Primary land users could lease the land on 
20-year terms to domestic or foreign users alike. 
36. In 2010, foreign direct investment in Tajikista n had totalled US$230.9 million.  Most of this 
investment had come through investors from Iran ( 42.3 per cent), the United Kingdom (18.2 per cent), 
the Russian Federation (17.2 per cent), China ( 13.6 per cent), Kazakhstan (3 per cent), India 
(1.6 per cent), Switzerland (1.4 per cent), and Cyprus  (1 per cent). 
- State Ownership, Privatization and State-trading entities  
37. The representative of Tajikistan said that his c ountry had embarked upon fundamental social 
and economic reforms and a transition to a ma rket-oriented economy since independence.  
Privatization of State and municipal (communal) property had been an important objective of the 
medium-term economic strategy of his Government.  Over 11,000 assets had been privatized between 1991 and 2010, including 419 enterprises under the aegis  of the Strategic Privatization Plan for 
2003-2012.  Information on the privatization of State assets is provided in Table 2. 
38. In accordance with the Law "On Privatization of State Property" of 16 May 1997, citizens of 
Tajikistan and foreign legal or phys ical persons could participate in the privatization of State assets on 
equal terms.  Auctions and tenders  had been organized for the sale of State assets.  Large companies - 
i.e. major companies in the energy, construction,  telecommunication and transportation sectors with 
more than 100 employees - had been privatized by te nder.  In connection with the tender, the buyer 
would typically be expected to fulfil certain terms,  notably to invest in fixed assets to expand output; 
to increase the number of employees; and to intr oduce international accounting standards in the 
enterprise.  The buyer should meet these terms w ithin a period of two years.  Once the commitments WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  had been met, the winner of the tender would receive an act on the fulfilment of the agreed terms, and 
the asset would pass into ownership of the buyer.  The State Committee on Investments and State 
Property Management monitored the compliance with the commitments.  Apart from this monitoring, 
the Government retained no control and had no  role in the operations, decision-making and 
management of privatized companies.  Priv atized entities operated under the same rules and 
regulations as companies that had been privately-owned since their inception. 
39. The representative of Tajikistan added that all State-owned enterprises in the mining and 
chemicals sectors had been privatized.  The Governme nt did not retain any management control of the 
privatized mining and chemical enterprises, and they  did not enjoy any special privileges.  As noted 
above, for the enterprises sold by tender, ownership was transferred once the terms of the contract had 
been fully met. 
40. Regarding privatization in agriculture, 91 per cen t of all State-owned agricultural enterprises 
had been privatized, covering all types of agricu ltural activity.  Only enterprises belonging to the 
Academy of Sciences involved in scientific and experimental production, State seeds and pedigree 
farms or agencies, select hybrid centres, stations  and centres for testing new products, nurseries for 
garden plants and experimental an imals, veterinary and plant protection services had not been subject 
to privatization.  In response to a specific questi on, he said that "Rural Technical Supply", a company 
still in State ownership, leased tractors, machinery and equipment to farmers who could not afford to 
purchase the equipment themselves. 
41. The representative of Tajikistan said that ente rprises in which the State had a majority 
shareholding were deemed to be State-owned enterp rises.  He presented information on the large and 
medium-sized enterprises slated for privatization in  accordance with the Strategic Privatization Plan 
in Table 3(a).  These were all joint-stock compan ies wholly owned by the State.  The largest 
State-owned enterprises subject to restructuring were  listed in Table 3(b).  These entities were either 
wholly or predominantly owned by the State and ope rated in the energy, communication, industry or 
transport sectors.  Individual restructuring or priv atization plans were being drawn up for the sale of 
their assets.  Of these enterprises,  TALKO was governed by the Law "On State Enterprises" while the 
others were regulated by the Law "On Joint St ock Companies".  Foreign participation in the 
privatization of such companies was still to be de termined.  He added that any purchases or sales by 
these companies were solely based on commercial  considerations, incl uding price, quality, 
availability, marketability, transportation and other conditions of purchase or sale.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 11 
 
 
  42. He noted that the State retained a significant stake in the energy sect or.  The enterprise 
"Barki Tojik" was wholly State-owned and produ ced electricity and provided energy transmission 
services.  An individual restructuring plan for "Bar ki Tojik" was being considered by the Government 
but a privatization schedule for the company had ye t to be drawn up.  As for Tajikistan's other 
privatization efforts in this area, he pointed to Government Decree No. 685 of 30 December 2009, which had granted Tajik natural pe rsons and legal persons registered  in Tajikistan the right to buy 
shares in Rogun Hydro Power Plant.  He added that certain companies within Tajiktransgaz 
(formerly Tajikgaz) would also be  considered for privatization. 
43. Asked about enterprises not subject to privatiza tion, he said that pursuant to Decision No. 705 
of 30 December 2009, excluded from privatization we re (i) historic or na tional heritage sites 
(monuments, museums, national parks, State archives, etc.); (ii) buildings and facilities of the State 
(armed forces, law enforcement agencies, local authorities, customs and tax services, patent, 
standardization, metrology and statistics offices); (iii) the National Bank of Tajikistan and agencies 
responsible for the issue of banknotes and the safek eeping of securities, foreign currency, or gold 
reserves; (iv) the State budget, social protection funds and other State funds; (v) environmental 
control, hydro-meteorological, sanitary-epidemiologi cal, veterinary and plant protection agencies; 
(vi) State irrigation systems, water supply and pumping facilities, reservoirs and drinking water 
supply systems; (vii) State mobilization reserves, em ergency and civil defence facilities; (viii) medical 
facilities; (ix) graveyards; (x) "academic theatres"; (xi) materials of the State astronomic-geodesic, 
levelling and gravimetric networks; (xii) enterprises growing, manufacturing or processing plants or 
products containing narcotics and poi sonous substances; (xiii) enterp rises, facilities and equipment for 
the handling of industrial and domestic waste; (x iv) enterprises and facilities for the production, 
processing, research and handling of radioactive subs tances; (xv) property of the hydro power plants 
"Nurek" and "Rogun"; (xvi) property of the aluminium processing plant "Tajik Aluminium 
Company"; (xvii) enterprises involved in devel oping, manufacturing, repairing and trading of 
armaments, ammunition, explosives and special mate rials or equipment; (xviii) enterprises producing, 
repairing or trading in hunting or sporting fi rearms and ammunition; (xix) scientific/production 
enterprises and facilities of the Academy of Scie nces and the Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 
(xx) State seed and livestock breeding or trial cen tres, farms and inspectorates; (xxi) enterprises 
involved in air traffic and air traffic control; (x xii) postal and courier enterprises; (xxiii) State 
regulatory agencies in the areas of communicati on and transport; and (xxi v) television or radio 
broadcast centres (excluding those that could be privatized based on the Decision of the Government of Tajikistan). WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 12  
 
  44. A Member sought confirmation from Tajikistan that  all State-owned banks, or banks in which 
the State continued to hold an equity stake, operate d on a commercial basis.  In view of the special 
characteristics of Tajikistan's economy, this Member noted that State-owned enterprises 
(including banks) providing financ ial contributions would be considered Government actors within 
the scope of Article 1.1(a) of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and, for the 
purposes of applying Articles 1.2 and 2 of the Agreement, subsidies provided to State-owned 
enterprises (including State trading entiti es) would be viewed as specific if, inter alia , State-owned 
enterprises were the predominant recipients, or r eceived disproportionately large amounts, of such 
subsidies.  In reply, the representative of Tajikis tan said that all State-ow ned banks and banks with 
State equity operated on a commercial basis, and th at the banks did not provide any subsidies on 
behalf of the Government. 
45. The representative of Tajikistan said that the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade 
was responsible for State trading entities and practi ces in Tajikistan.  In accordance with Regulation 
No. 77 of 17 February 2001, the Ministry approv ed the list of State enterprises and joint stock 
companies engaged in commercial activities.  In hi s opinion, the management of State enterprises in 
Tajikistan was in conformity with Article XVII of the GATT 1994 and the Understanding on the 
Interpretation of Article XVII of the GATT 1994. 
46. Asked to confirm whether the enterprises identified in Table 3(b) were granted an 
"exclusive or special privilege" in purchases or sal es involving imports or exports, the representative 
of Tajikistan said that these enterprises were State- owned, but did not enjoy any privileges in their 
purchases or sales of imports and exports.  He held the view that these enterprises engaged in import 
or export activities in a non-discriminatory manner. 
47. He acknowledged that the K hurokvori Food and Processing  Industry Corporation met the 
definition of a State trading enterprise.  Khurokvori had been created in July 1997 pursuant to 
Government Regulation No. 48.  Khurokvori was Stat e-owned and reported to the Ministry of Energy 
and Industry.  Khurokvori c onsisted of enterprises, associations, organizations, and farms in the food 
processing industry, regardless of the form of ow nership, and had been created to coordinate 
activities, protect rights and to represent the co mmon interests of its constituents.  The specific 
functions and responsibilities of Khurokvori were s tipulated in the Charter of the State Unitary 
Enterprise.  The enterprise carried out marke ting, investment, financial activities, product 
development, technical services and foreign ec onomic activities.  As only State-owned or 
State-controlled joint stock companies were eligib le to engage in importation of ethyl alcohol - 
Khurokvori regulated certain aspects of the produc tion, turnover, sales, exports and imports of  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 13 
 
 
  ethyl alcohol and alcohol products on behalf of the Ministry of Energy and Industry, but was no 
longer authorized to issue licenses for producti on and import of alcoholic products.  Moreover, 
Khurokvori no longer regulated the production and trade in tobacco goods, as these activities were 
now subject to licensing by the Ministry of Energy and Industry.  In response to a specific question, he said that the Ministry merely served as the li censing authority and was not itself engaged in any 
commercial activity. 
48. The representative of Tajikistan confir med that State-trading enterprises 
(including State-owned and Stat e-controlled enterprises, enterprises with special or exclusive 
privileges, and unitary enterprises) in Tajikistan would make any purchases or sales, which were not 
for the Government's own use or consumption, so lely in accordance with commercial considerations, 
including price, quality, availability, marketability, transportation and other conditions of purchase or 
sale.  He further confirmed that these State tradi ng enterprises would afford the enterprises of other 
Members adequate opportunity, in accordance with  customary business practice, to compete for 
participation in purchases from or sales to Tajikistan' s State enterprises.  He also confirmed that any 
restrictions on exports of materials to ensure es sential quantities of such materials to a domestic 
processing industry would not operate to increase the exports of, or the protection of, such domestic 
industry. 
- Pricing Policies 
49. The representative of Tajikistan said that pursuant to Decree No. 202 of 26 June 1998 
(replacing Decree No. 310 of 4 May 1995), all form s of price controls had been abolished in 
Tajikistan.  Prices were based on negotiations be tween suppliers and consumers, except for goods or 
services provided by enterprises classified as natu ral monopolies.  Tajikistan did not apply any 
minimum price requirements. 
50. In accordance with Article V of the Law No. 526 "On Natural Monopolies" of 
13 December 1997, the activities of natural monopolies were regulated through price controls.  Prices, 
tariffs or mark-ups were fixed taking into acc ount the costs of production of the goods, works or 
services; taxes and other payments; future inv estment needs and deductions for depreciation; 
forecasted profits; location of consumers relative to  the production facilities; State subsidies and other 
measures of State support; and the quality of the goods, works or services produced by the natural 
monopolies and their ability to meet consumers' demands in Tajikistan. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 14  
 
  51. The prices charged by natural monopolies were set by, or in consultation with, the State 
Antimonopoly Agency (formerly the Department  for Antimonopoly Policy and Development of 
Competition in the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade).  The rates for electric and thermal 
energy were set by the Antimonopoly Agency.  Tariffs  and fares for railways were determined within 
the framework of the CIS unified tariff policy.  Th e Tajik railways approved the rates and tariffs for 
railway transportation only after agreement with the State Antimonopoly Agency.  A similar 
procedure for the approval of airfares had also been established.  All works and services related to air 
transportation were included in the tariffs.  He added that airport facilities, including terminal 
services, were factored into the cost of the air ticket and were not considered separately.  The State Antimonopoly Agency also approved the rates for th e supply of natural gas to all categories of 
consumers in consultation with Tajiktransgaz.  Prices for energy, natural gas, air and rail 
transportation were levied and applied equally for both domestic and export delivery.  The price 
regulations applied by natural monopolies in  Tajikistan are elaborated in Table 4. 
Table 4:  Price Regulations 
Natural 
Monopoly Description Type of 
Regulation Responsible 
Authorities Legislation 
"Barki Tojik" Electricity production and 
transmission services, 
thermal energy Fixed 
tariff  State Anti-monopoly 
Agency; 
Open Stock Company 
"Barki Tojik". Resolution No. 155 of 
the Government of 
Tajikistan of 
2 April 2002. 
"Tajiktransgaz" (formerly 
"Tojikgaz") Purchase, transportation 
and supply of natural gas 
via pipelines Fixed 
tariff State Anti-monopoly 
Agency; 
Tajiktransgaz. Resolution No. 44/K 
of the State 
Antimonopoly Agency 
of 30 December 2005. 
"Tajik Air" 
(formerly SUE 
"Tojikiston") Air transportation 
services - passenger and 
freight, operation of transport terminals and 
airports Fixed 
tariff State Anti-monopoly 
Agency; 
Tajik Air. Resolution No. K/04 
of the State 
Antimonopoly Agency of 31 January 2006. 
"Rohi Ohani" Rail transportation and 
transport terminal services Fixed 
tariff State Anti-monopoly 
Agency; SUE "Rohi Ohani". Note No. 4/201 of the 
State Antimonopoly Agency of 
22 February 2006. 
Stock 
Company "Tojiktelekom" Telecom and 
communication services Fixed 
tariff State Anti-monopoly 
Agency; Stock Company 
"Tojiktelecom". Decision No. 33/R of 
the State Antimonopoly Agency 
of 28 September 2006. 
"Pochtai 
Tojikiston" Postal services Fixed 
tariff State Department 
"Pochtai Tojik".  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  52. A Member noted that airports in Tajikistan were subdivisions of the State-owned national 
airline, and stressed that airport owners in Ta jikistan should establish separate and non-discriminatory 
tariffs for services, in particular for ground handling.   The price controls on air transportation services 
were also noted.  Tajikistan was asked whether it planned to abolish price controls in the air, 
transport, and telecoms sectors. 
53. In reply, the representative of Tajikistan said that  only domestic flights were now subject to 
price regulations in accordance with the "Law on Na tural Monopolies".  The ownership of airports 
had been transferred to regional authorities (Resol ution No. 43 of 26 January 2008).  He added that 
further liberalization of the aviation sector was underw ay with the restructuring of Tajik Air into six 
independent enterprises.  As for rail transport, he sai d that prices in this sector were regulated by the 
"Law on Natural Monopolies" and were set by the Ministry of Transport.  The only service provider 
in this sector was the State-owned Tajik Railways (S tate Unitary Enterprise "Rohi Ohan").  He held 
the view that prices in the telecommunications secto r were not subject to price controls and that 
service providers were free to set prices for their ser vices.  Prices in this sector were supervised by the 
Antimonopoly Agency to the extent necessary to ensure fair competition and prevent monopolistic 
practices. 
54. A Member requested a commitment from Tajikistan to  apply all price and profit controls in a 
WTO-consistent fashion, taking in to account the interests of exporti ng WTO Members as provided for 
in Article III.9 of the GATT 1994 a nd in Article VIII of the Genera l Agreement on Trade in Services; 
to confirm that price controls would not be used  for purposes of affording protection to domestic 
providers of goods or services; and to publish all price controls, existing or future, in official 
publications.  In response, the representative of Tajikistan said that decisions on price controls and regulations were published regularly  in newspapers and periodicals.  In his opinion, Tajikistan's 
current pricing policy was in full conformity with WTO requirements and price controls would not be 
used to protect domestic pr oducers of goods or services. 
55. The representative of Tajikistan confirmed that upon accession Tajikistan would, in 
regulating tariff rates for goods and for services rend ered by natural monopolies, ensure that natural 
monopolies, in respect of their supplies of goods and services to consumers, recover all costs, 
including a reasonable profit, in the ordinary course of their business.  He also confirmed that, from 
the date of accession, Tajikistan would apply the pr ice regulations on products and services contained 
in Table [4], and any that are introduced or re-intro duced in the future, in a WTO consistent fashion, 
and take account of the interests of exporting WTO Members as provided for in Article III.9 of the 
GATT 1994.  The Working Party took note of these commitments. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 16  
 
  - Competition Policy 
56. The representative of Tajikistan said that the Law No. 147 "On Competition and Restriction 
of Monopoly Activity in Commodity Markets" of 10 November 2000 set out the basic legal 
framework to restrict and prevent monopolistic activ ity and unfair competition in the goods market.  
Additional legislation was being drafted by the State Antimonopoly Agency to address existing shortcomings and to advance competition polici es and competition in the markets for goods and 
services in Tajikistan. 
57. The activities of natural monopolies were re gulated by the Law No. 198 "On Competition and 
Control of Monopoly Activities in the Market" of 28 July 2006, Law "On Natural Monopolies" of 
13 December 1997, Regulation No. 75 of 14 Februa ry 2001 and the internal normative acts of the 
State Antimonopoly Agency (Procedure No. 81 "On the Regulation and Fixing of Prices (Tariffs) or 
their Mark-up Rates" of 24 December 2004, Provision No. 81 "On the Registry of Subjects of Natural 
Monopolies" of 24 December 2002, and Provision No. 76 "On Legal Investigation for Violations of 
the Law on Natural Monopolies" of November 2002). 
58. Enterprises and activities classified as natural m onopolies in Tajikistan were the Open Stock 
Company "Barki Tojik"; the State Unitary Enterpri se (SUE) "Tajiktransgaz"; the SUE "Tajik Air"; 
the SUE "Rohi Ohani"; the Stock Company "To jiktelekom"; the State Department "Pochtai 
Tojikiston"; and enterprises under the Ministry of Industry producing goods for military purposes.  
All the natural monopolies were wholly State-ow ned, except for Tajiktelekom where a minority 
5 per cent stake had been divested to the private sect or.  To protect consumers' rights, the regulation 
of natural monopolies was carried out through pri ce regulation (Table 4) or, in cases where demand 
outstripped supply, by defining the consumers and the minimal level of services to be provided to them by the natural monopoly. 
59. Asked to define "allowed" and "t emporary" monopolies, he stated that existing legislation did 
not define these terms.  Only "natural monopoli es" had been defined in the Law "On Natural 
Monopolies" of December 1997.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 17 
 
 
  III. FRAMEWORK FOR MAKING AND ENFORCING POLICIES 
- Powers of Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches of Government 60. The representative of Tajikistan said that th e Constitution of Tajikistan separated the 
executive, legislative and judicial powers of the Stat e.  The President of Tajikistan was the Head of 
the State and formed and headed th e executive branch of the Govern ment.  The President was elected 
for terms of seven years.  The Constitution had vested wide authority with the President.  
The President had the authority to set the broad dire ction of internal and external policies; represent 
Tajikistan domestically and abroad; establish a nd dissolve bodies of executive power; appoint and 
dismiss officials, including members of the Gove rnment, heads of admini strative bodies, heads of 
local authorities and judges.  Based on, and in pursuance of, the Constitutio n and constitutional laws, 
the President also had the authority to issue new decrees and cancel or suspend the implementation of 
acts issued by the Governmental authorities if they  were not in conformity  with the Constitution. 
61. The Government, as appointed by the President , consisted of the Prime Minister, the first 
deputy minister and deputy ministers, minist ers and chairpersons of State committees.  
The Government was vested with executive aut hority in Tajikistan a nd was responsible for 
administering the country by implementing the laws and decisions of the Majlisi Oli (Parliament) and 
the decrees or instructions of the President of Ta jikistan.  The President of Tajikistan outlined the 
principal guidelines of foreign and trade policy wh ich was then implemented by the Government 
through Ministries and other agencies under the Government.  The Ministry of Economic 
Development and Trade played a leading role in  the development and implementation of economic 
and trade policies in Tajikistan.  The Ministry was assisted in these functions by the Customs 
Authority, the National Bank and commercial banks. 
62. Legislative authority in Tajikistan was exercised  by the Majlisi Oli (Parliament).  The Majlisi 
Oli consisted of two chambers - the Majlisi Milli (upper chamber) and the Majlisi Namoyandagon 
(lower chamber).  The Majlisi Milli had 33 members,  of which 25 members were elected through an 
indirect secret ballot by the deputies of oblasts, c ities and districts; and the remaining eight members 
were appointed by the President.  The Majlisi Na moyandagon consisted of 63 elected deputies.  
The term of office of representatives of the Majlis  Oli was five years.  The Majlisi Namoyandagon 
had the authority to approve programmes proposed by the Government; to ratify or reject Tajikistan's 
accession to international agreements; to set up refe rendums; to establish courts; and to approve the 
State symbols and awards.  The right to initiate legislation was given to members of the Majlisi Milli, deputies of the Majlisi Namoyandagon, the President of  Tajikistan, the Governme nt of Tajikistan, and 
on some issues to the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and the High Economic Court.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 18  
 
  Bills were examined in the rele vant committees or commissions be fore being considered in the 
Majlisi Namoyandagon where the bills could be appr oved or rejected.  The laws passed by the Majlisi 
Namoyandagon and approved by the Majlisi Milli we re sent to the President for signature and 
publication within one week of their approval.   The representative of Tajikistan updated the 
Working Party on progress in legislative reform a nd the outlook for further reforms in legislative 
action plans (document WT/ACC/TJK/7 and its Revisions). 
63. In accordance with Article 84 of the Constitution,  judicial power in Tajikistan was exercised 
by a system of courts which included the Constitutional Court; the Supreme Court; the High 
Economic Court; the Court of Military Justice; the courts of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous 
Oblast (GBAO), the oblasts and Dushanbe; town and district courts; and the economic courts of the GBAO, the oblasts and Dushanbe.  The Constitutional Court ruled on matters directly related to or 
defined by the Constitution and se ttled disputes between State bodies.  Decisions of the Constitutional 
Court were final.  The Supreme Court was the highest judicial body carrying out judicial reviews of the subordinate courts on civil, criminal, admi nistrative and other cases.  The High Economic Court 
was the highest judicial body for dispute settle ment on economic and other cases under consideration 
by the economic courts.  The High Economic Court also carried out judicial reviews of the 
subordinate economic courts.  In economic disputes, any person, incl uding foreign physical and legal 
persons, had the right to redress violated or disput ed rights and legal interests through the submission 
of a claim with supporting documents.  Legal pr oceedings in economic c ourts were based on the 
principle of equality of all parties. 
64. Asked to elaborate on the concept of "economic  disputes", whether it would include disputes 
between a private entity and the State (or a St ate-owned entity), and whether it would include 
intellectual property disputes, the representative of  Tajikistan said that Chapter 4 of the Code 
"On Economic Court Proceedings" of 2008 set out th e jurisdiction of the economic courts and as 
economic disputes were defined by the parties to the dispute rather than by the subject matter, 
disputes related to intellectual property could, accord ingly, be addressed either at the economic or the 
ordinary courts.  Disputes in the economic courts of first instance we re considered individually except 
for bankruptcy cases which were considered collec tively.  Cases were normally considered and 
cleared by the economic courts within two months of  the claim.  Decisions of an Economic Court of 
first instance could be appealed, provided the a ppeal was lodged within one month of the court's 
decision.  Appeals were considered within one month of their receipt.  The High Economic Court 
examined the legality of the decisions made by th e Economic Court of first instance and the appeal 
courts.  Decisions of all economic courts, having entered into force, could be reconsidered by the  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 19 
 
 
  Plenum of the High Economic Court if there was an objection raised by the Chairperson of the High 
Economic Court or the General Prosecutor. 
65. Actions of the State relating to the exercise of  governmental authority could be challenged in 
the courts.  Administrative procedures available to importers and exporters c ontesting the decisions of 
customs, tax and standards bodies in Tajikistan were regulated and governed by the Code 
"On Administrative Violations" and Chapter 7 (in pa rticular Article 46) of the Customs Code of 
December 2004, Chapter 11 (in particular Article 101.1) of the Tax Code of December 2004, and 
Article 9 of the Law "On Certification of Goods and Services" of 1996.  Asked to describe the 
administrative appeal process for matters covered by the WTO, he said that pursuant to the Law 
"On Administrative Proceedings", any party to an administrative proceeding had the right to appeal 
against any decision or action - including the failure to act – by an administrative authority or its 
officials.  For example, an appeal  against a decision by the customs authority or its officials could be 
lodged to the second instance authority (head of the relevant department) within the customs 
administration.  Appeals could be channelled dir ectly to a higher ranking official (first instance 
authority) if heads of department themselves were th e subject of appeal.  Appeals had to be filed in 
writing, and depending on the case, were usually lodged  by the appellant within a month of a decision 
or communication from the authorities.  The total time for addressing complaints could not exceed two months.  The appeal procedures applied acr oss the board to any administrative proceeding 
involving customs, tariffs, licenses, TBT/SPS; services; and issues concerning the protection of 
intellectual property.  Resort to administrative procee dings did not, at any stage, preclude the right to 
directly appeal to the prosecutor's office and/or to the courts.  He added that there were no specialized 
administrative courts, as cases were referred to comme rcial courts or courts of  general jurisdiction.  
The court of last appeal for administrative matters was the Supreme Court of Tajikistan. 
66. The representative of Tajikistan confirmed that from the date of accession Tajikistan's laws 
would provide for the right to appeal administrativ e rulings on matters subject to WTO provisions to 
an independent tribunal in conformity with WTO obligations, including those set out in Article X of 
the GATT 1994, Article 23 of the Agreement on Su bsidies and Countervailing Measures, Article 11 
of the Agreement on Implementation of Article V II of the GATT 1994, Article 62 of the Agreement 
on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Article VI of GATS.  The Working 
Party took note of this commitment. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 20  
 
  67. The representative of Tajikistan confirmed that  upon the conclusion of Tajikistan's accession 
negotiations, the relevant texts adopted by the WTO membership would be signed by the President or 
a member of the Government.  The accession package would then be subject to ratification by the 
Majlisi Oli before Tajikistan's Accession Protocol could enter into force.  The WTO Agreements, 
once ratified by Tajikistan, would become part of the domestic le gislation and WTO provisions would 
be enforceable in the economic courts.  In cases of c onflict, the provisions of international treaties or 
agreements would supersede domestic laws.  The ec onomic courts could also use foreign legislation 
in some cases.  According to Article 11 of the Economic Procedural Code, the economic courts could 
apply the laws of other countries if this was referred  to under Tajikistan's la w or in any international 
agreements of Tajikistan.  Furthe rmore, Article 12 of the Economic Procedural Code stated that if a 
foreign law was applied, the Economic Court de termined the law's cont ent and norms, and its 
application in accordance with the foreign law's in terpretation and application in the foreign country 
in question. 
68. If not otherwise provided for in international agreements, disputes between foreign investors 
and the State were always referred to the cour ts in Tajikistan.  In accordance with the 
2007 Investment Law, foreign investors and domestic  entities had the right to settle disputes through a 
court of arbitration if the terms of the agreemen t between the disputing parties allowed for this.  
The agreement could be either in the underlying inv estment contract, or the disputing parties could 
subsequently reach an agreement to refer a particular  dispute to a court of arbitration.  Investment 
disputes could also, to the extent possible, be reso lved through negotiations between the parties or be 
referred to the Tajik courts or an international arbitr ation court.  If agreed to with the other parties, 
foreign investors could specify in the contract or written agreement that arbitral proceedings be held 
under foreign jurisdiction.  In su ch instances, the economic courts in Tajikistan would only perform 
certain procedural actions.  For arbitration proceedin gs in Tajikistan, the Court of Arbitration would 
be created (regulated by Law No. 344 "On Arb itration Courts" of 5 January 2008 and Rules 
"Of Arbitration Courts" of 14 April 2008).  An arb itration panel would be established by the disputing 
parties and would consist of three judges.  Decisi ons taken by the Court of Arbitration would be 
implemented voluntarily within the parameters and timeframe set forth in the arbitration decision.  
In case either of the parties failed to observe th e court's decision, the High Economic Court could 
issue a receiving order that was mandatory.  The Court of Arbitration was not a sitting court, but an ad hoc court, and to date, no Court of Arbitr ation had ever been established in Tajikistan.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 21 
 
 
  69. He added that Tajikistan was planning to a dopt the New York Convention on the Recognition 
and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards.  Th e recognition and execution of a foreign arbitration 
award could the denied - in part or in full - wh en it contradicted "public policy" or on grounds 
envisaged in an international act recognized by  Tajikistan (Article 223 of the Code on Economic 
Court Proceedings).  In response to a specific query on what constituted "public policy", he noted that 
Article V.2 of the New York Convention and Article 36 of the UNCITRAL Model Law gave a 
country the right to decline the recognition of an arbitral award on the grounds of "public policy".  
However, neither the legislation of Tajikistan nor  any international forum fully defined the term.  
Under these circumstances, "public policy" could be understood to mean the complete legal system of 
Tajikistan based on fundamental principles of indepe ndence, integrity, sustai nability and inviolability 
of fundamental constitutional rights, freedoms and safeguards.  He added that there had been no 
precedents of foreign arbitration awards be ing declined on these grounds in Tajikistan. 
- Authority of Sub-Central Governments 
70. The Majlis of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (GBAO) had the right to initiate 
certain legislation and fix rates and exemptions of local taxes, duties and fees transferred to the local 
budget in line with Article 12 of the Cons titutional Law "On Gorno- Badakhshan Autonomous 
Oblast".  While the types and rates of local taxes were determined in accordance with the 
2004 Tax Code, all other trade policy issues were  determined by the Central Government.  
He clarified that on matters of legislation and enforcement of policies affecting trade and the 
protection of intellectual property rights, all prom ulgated laws, regulations, resolutions, Presidential 
decrees and international legal oblig ations accepted by Tajikistan, app lied to the whole territory of the 
Republic of Tajikistan, including the GBAO, if not stat ed otherwise in the legislation.  There were no 
predetermined cases where laws and regulations were not applied in the GBAO.  He confirmed that 
pursuant to Article 16 of the Constitutional Law "On Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast", in 
cases of conflict between the laws of Tajikistan and those of the GBAO, the legislation of Tajikistan 
would have precedence.  There were no other sub-central authorities or governing entities in 
Tajikistan that had status or powers identical  or similar to those granted to the GBAO. 
71. The representative of Tajikistan confirmed th at sub-central entities had no autonomous 
authority over issues of subsidies, taxation,  trade policy or any other measures covered by 
WTO provisions.  He confirmed that the provisions of the WTO Agreement, including Tajikistan's 
Protocol, would be applied uniformly throughout its customs territory and other territories under its control, including in regions engaging in border tr ade or frontier traffic, special economic zones, and 
other areas where special regimes for tariffs, taxes and regulations were established.  He further WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 22  
 
  confirmed that when apprised of a situation wher e WTO provisions were not being applied or were 
applied in a non-uniform manner, the central au thorities would act to enforce WTO provisions 
without requiring affected parties to petition throug h the courts.  The Working Party took note of 
these commitments. 
IV. POLICIES AFFECTING TRADE IN GOODS  
- Trading Rights 72. The representative of Tajikistan said that legal en tities in any form provided for in Tajikistan's 
Civil Code - whether sole proprietorships, joint ve ntures, corporations and limited liability companies 
- could be established by both domestic and foreign nationals.  Natural persons  - domestic or foreign - 
could be established as individual entrepreneurs.  The main regul ations governing business entity 
formation were outlined in Chapter 4 (A rticles 48 to 135) of the Civil Code. 
73. The procedure for State registration was set out  in Law No. 508 "On State Registration of 
Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs" of  19 May 2009 (replacing Law No. 5 "On State 
Registration of Legal Entities" of 22 April 2003).  Legal entities were expected to approach the 
registration body and initiate their State registration within one month of incorporation.  To register, 
businesses submitted an application with supporting doc uments in duplicate, i.e. the decisions on the 
establishment of the legal entity; documents  on the authorized capital of the company 
(where stipulated by legislation); information on the founder(s); an extract  from the single State 
register should the founder(s) be an existing legal en tity; and a receipt or copy of the payment order 
for the State duty.  Registration procedures for indivi dual entrepreneurs were similar to those for legal 
entities except that foreign entrepreneurs were re quired to submit a copy of document(s) certifying 
their right to reside and operate commercially in  Tajikistan (visa, registration card or residence 
permit).  Although registration was not automatic, th e registration body would normally complete the 
process within five days of receipt of the applica tion for legal entities and three days for individual 
entrepreneurs.  Company registration was not linke d to any specific investment requirement beyond 
the minimum statutory fund of a Tajik company stipulated by law (with proof of funds submitted within a year of registration).  The registration re quirements for domestic and foreign investors were 
the same except that enterprises with foreign par ticipation were required to translate their foreign 
documents into the State language of Tajikistan.  Law No. 586 "On Amendments to the Law of the 
Republic of Tajikistan No. 19 "On State Duties"  of 28 February 2008" of 12 January 2010 had 
eliminated the differential in the registration fees for domestic and foreign firms or individuals.  The State duty for registration of legal entities was now set at 25 calculation indicators.  
The calculation indicator applicable in 2011 for taxes, duties and other charges was 40 Somoni  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 23 
 
 
  (US$9) and for penalties, 35 Somoni (US$8).  Th e registration fees for individual entrepreneurs 
operating within Tajikistan (without the right to em ploy other persons) was 35 Somoni (US$8); and 
70 Somoni (US$16) for those operating in Tajikista n and overseas with the right to employ other 
persons. 
74. Registration requirements for import and export ope rations had been eliminated with the entry 
into force of Law No. 3 of 24 February 2004, which had amended the Law "On Foreign Economic 
Activity" of 27 December 1993.  Tajikistan had repeal ed the registration requirements, in particular 
the "certificate of participant" and the applica tion for a certificate based on a "registration card", 
as part of the domestic reforms to accede to the WTO. 
75. Pursuant to these reforms, any legal or natural person - domestic or foreign - registering for 
business in Tajikistan had the unrestricted right to be  the importer or exporter of record and, in the 
case of an importer, had the unrestricted right to distribute the imports or to sell the imported goods to 
any legal or natural person with the right to distri bute them.  The importer of record was responsible 
for the payment of duties and securing any licenses needed for importation. 
76. Some Members noted that the right to be the im porter of record appeared to be contingent on 
commercial presence in Tajikistan.  A Member a dded that disciplines on trading rights, based on 
Articles III and XI of the GATT 1994, gave non-reside nt firms or individuals the right to import 
subject to minimal registration requirements (e.g. for purposes of collecting duties or taxes) that did not serve as barriers or significant costs to forei gn products.  Tajikistan was asked to elaborate its 
plans to remove the commercial presence requireme nt for foreign individuals and legal entities.  
Tajikistan was also asked to explain the mini mum statutory fund requirement for company 
registration, especially for non-resident firms that only sought to import its products into Tajikistan. 
77. In response, the representative of Tajikistan said that the minimum statutory fund requirement 
did not apply to non-resident companies that ch annelled imports through a customs broker without 
maintaining commercial presence in Tajikistan.  Fo reign individuals and legal entities wishing to 
import as the importer of record would need to e ither establish and register their commercial presence 
in Tajikistan; or declare the imported goods through a customs broker.  He added that Tajikistan had 
ratified the Revised Kyoto Convention on 8 D ecember 2010, which took precedence over domestic 
legislation.  In accordance with Item 3.7 of its Ge neral Annex, any person having the right to dispose 
of the goods on the customs territory was entitled to act  as declarant.  This provision was also partially 
reflected in Article 126, paragraph 2.5 of Tajikistan' s Customs Code.  Thus, he held the view that any 
person, including foreign persons, had the right to import goods and be named as the declarant for WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 24  
 
  such import, regardless of legal status and w ithout the need to be commercially present and/or 
registered in Tajikistan. 
78. Regarding customs brokers, he said that specialists  on customs clearance had to be registered 
and listed in the Register of Customs Brokers.  The registration criteria, requirements and process 
were outlined in Chapter 15 (Articles 140 to 142)  of the Customs Code.  Individuals with the 
necessary competence certificate and qualifications were included in the register for free.  
Legal entities had to submit a written application, with supporting documents, to  the relevant customs 
authority for registration in the Register.  Appli cations were processed within 30 days, and successful 
applicants were issued a certificate of registration.  In response to a specific query, he added that there 
were no circumstances which required imports to be  exclusively handled by a broker to be allowed 
entry. 
79. The representative of Tajikistan said that lega l entities or natural persons resident in 
Tajikistan and engaged in import, export or any entrepreneurial activity needed an Identification 
Taxpayer Number (ITN) issued by the Tax Comm ittee under the Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan.  The ITN was issued for tax collection purposes only.  Articles 45 to  46 of the Tax Code of 
3 December 2004 set out the procedures to obtain an ITN.  The ITN was issued against submission of 
the application form, a copy of the verified State registration certificate, and documents confirming the establishment of the legal entity, or passports (fo r natural persons).  The procedures were the same 
for all legal entities or natural persons, domestic or  foreign.  He added that non-resident foreign 
exporters did not need an ITN as long as the importer in Tajikistan had an ITN. 
80. The representative of Tajikistan noted that about forty five activities (Table 5(a)) were subject 
to licensing pursuant to Law No. 37 "On Licensing of Separate Types of Activity" of 17 May 2004 and Regulation No. 172 "On the Peculiarities of  Licensing Certain Types of Activities" of 
3 April 2007 (replacing Regulation No. 337 of 1 Sept ember 2005).  As the activities were defined 
broadly, and mostly related to the production of goo ds and services, the licence would also entitle the 
holder to engage in importing or exporting, if  relevant, as no distinction was made between 
production, distribution or commerce.  Informa tion on the application and supporting documents 
needed for licenses (for importing tobacco and other products subject to Law No. 37) is listed on 
pages 6 to 7 of document WT/ACC/TJK/19.  Any le gal or natural person could apply, but foreign 
firms or individuals needed to maintain commerc ial presence in Tajikistan to obtain a licence.  
The procedures and the authorities responsible fo r the issue of the licenses varied according to 
the activity.  The fees for processing and issuing activity licenses, including those on imports and  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 25 
 
 
  exports, were set out in Regulation No. 172.  Importe d products subject to activity licensing are listed 
in Table 5(b). 
81. In addition to Law No. 37 and Regulation No. 172, trade in pharmaceuticals and medical 
goods were governed by Resolution No. 204 "On the Rules of Import and Export of Medicines, 
Medical Products, Narcotics, Psychotropic Substan ces and Precursors Applicable in Medicine" of 
2 April 2009.  An activity licence for pharmaceuticals issued by the Ministry of Health was required 
to allow the holder to engage in importation a nd exportation of medicines and medical products.  
Only legal persons could be issued the licence.  The manufacturer and the medical product needed to 
be registered in Tajikistan to obtain the activity licence.  The procedures were the same for domestic 
and foreign enterprises.  A list of the documents re quired to obtain registration of medical products 
was provided in document WT/ACC/TJK/15 Annex IV.  Pharmaceuticals were assessed on the basis 
of their effectiveness, safety and quality.  The li cence for pharmaceutical activities required the State 
registration of the legal entity, the ITN, the recr uitment and training of the necessary experts, the 
facilities and equipment to engage  in medical activities, and the supporting documents specified in 
Regulation No. 172.  The time and supporting documen ts required to register medical products varied 
with the type of product and could take two to six months from the date of application.  The product 
registration was valid for five year periods and coul d be extended.  After registration and the issuance 
an activity licence, importers woul d need to apply to the Ministry of Health to obtain an import 
permission which could be (i) for single use (for th ree months); or (ii) general (for 12 months).  
After obtaining the product registration, activity licence and import permission, any quantity of 
medicines could be imported.  Pharmaceuticals and medical equipment could also be imported without registration in emergency situations.  He added that the licensing procedures for the 
importation and exportation of biol ogically active substances were the same as that for medicines.  
Importation of chemical agents and biological preparations had to be accompanied by a "certificate of 
conformity" issued by the producer.  Manufacturers and suppliers of these pro ducts had to guarantee 
output through submission of normative and techni cal documents to the Commission of Chemical 
Security. 
82. The representative of Tajikistan said that trade and circulation of precious metals and stones 
were regulated by Resolution No. 215 "On Proce dures of Purchase and Sale, Export and Import of 
Precious Metals, Precious Stones and Raw Stock, G oods Containing Precious a nd Nonferrous Metals" 
of 6 May 2006 and Resolution No. 172.  Activity licenses delivered by the Ministry of Energy and 
Industry were required for recuperating, processing and the sale of scrap and waste of ferrous and 
non-ferrous metals.  The purpose of these licenses was to control the processing and sale of scrap 
metal, by ensuring that its origin was not illega l.  Licenses were available to both foreign and WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 26  
 
  domestic persons and, in his view, did not affect  trade flows.  As such, he saw no reason for 
abolishing this licence.  Activity licenses were also required for refining precious metals and 
recuperating precious stones.  The Ministry of  Finance issued the li censes for the purchase and 
wholesale and retail trade of jewellery and other goods made of precious metals and stones and 
related scrap. 
83. A Member asked Tajikistan to explain the rationale for requiring activity licenses, by 
definition available only to firms located in Tajikista n, as a prerequisite for the right to import.  
This Member said that linking an activity licence with the right to import would appear to place a 
restriction on imported goods.  Tajikistan was re minded of the distinction between licensing for 
distribution (which was separate from importation), and was asked to explain whether any legitimate 
objectives could not equally be served by de-linking the activity licence from the right to import, and 
maintaining a requirement that imports may only be destined to be distributed by a Tajik possessing 
the appropriate activity licence to store or distribu te the product.  On the activity licence fees for 
alcohol and other products set out in Table 5(b), this  Member noted that the fees appeared to include 
profits for importers.  Tajikistan was requested to modify the fees to approximate the cost of the 
services rendered in line with Article VIII of GATT 1994. 
84. The representative of Tajikistan replied that Tajikistan was reviewing its foreign trade 
legislation, with a view to bringing it into comp liance with WTO rules and disciplines.  Tajikistan 
would separate activity licensing from the right to import and introduce cost-based fees by amending 
the relevant regulations prior to accession.  Import licensing would be de-linked from activity 
licensing.  Proposals to this effect were in prep aration to be finalized over the course of 2011. 
A. IMPORT REGULATION 
- Ordinary customs duties 
[Tajikistan's submitted its initial goods  offer in February 2004.  The la test revised offer of May 2011 
is available for consultation (see notice in doc ument WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/1/Rev.5).  The Customs 
Tariff of October 2003 is available for reference  (see notice in document WT/ACC/TJK/3/Add.1). ] 
85. The representative of Tajikistan said that the Customs Code of 3 December 2004, entering 
into force on 1 January 2005, had replaced Law No . 744 "On Customs Tariff" of 14 May 1999 as the 
legal basis for the formulation and application of  custom duties.  In accordance with Regulation 
No. 44 of 5 February 2003, the tariff nomenclature used by Tajikistan was the ten digit Euro Asian 
Economic Community (EAEC) Commodity Nomenc lature of Foreign Economic Activities.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 27 
 
 
  The EAEC classification was based on, and conformed with, the Harmonized Commodity Description 
and Coding System (HS) 2002.  He added that Ta jikistan planned to adopt HS 2007 before accession 
to the WTO, and would establish its Goods Schedule in this nomenclature. 
86. Tajikistan applied import duties on a most favour ed nation (MFN) basis at rates determined 
by the Majlisi Oli.  The practice of levying import du ties at twice the MFN rate when the country of 
origin of the imported commodity was not identif ied, or for commodities imported from countries 
with whom trade and political relations did not prov ide for the application of MFN duties, had been 
discontinued pursuant to Resolution No. 450 "On Cust oms Tariff" of 25 October 2003.  Tajikistan did 
not intend to discriminate among "like" products in its bound rates even though Tajikistan's EAEC 
nomenclature contained tariff line descriptions b ased on geographical names.  He stated that 
Tajikistan's tariff structure would be brought into compliance with GATT/WTO requirements, 
including the MFN principle, by the date of accession to the WTO. 
87. Tajikistan applied ad valorem , specific and compound duties.  Ad valorem  import duties were 
currently applied in tariff bands of 0, 2.5, 5, 10  and 15 per cent.  These rates, set out in Resolution 
No. 450, had superseded and replaced a unified tari ff of 5 per cent applied provisionally as per Decree 
No. 187 of 30 April 2002.  Non ad valorem  duties applied by Tajikistan were set out in Annex I of 
Resolution No. 450.  Specific duties applied to 224 products (in HS Chapters 22, 24 and 87) and 
accounted for about 2 per cent of all tariff lines.  Tajikistan was modernizing its customs services and 
in this regard, a website was being set up by the Cu stoms Authority.  The website would post relevant 
information on the existing customs and tariff policies of Tajikistan. 
88. Seasonal duties could be applied for the regula tion of imports and exports.  In accordance 
with Article 343 of the Customs Code, seasonal duties could be applied in lieu of, and by suspending, 
the application of the existing customs duties.  S easonal duties could not be levied for more than 
six months in a year.  Tajikistan had no plan s to apply seasonal duties to industrial goods.  
Agricultural products on which seasonal duties could be applied would be indicated in Tajikistan's 
tariff offers and the application period would be notifie d in advance.  He stated that Tajikistan had so 
far not resorted to the use of any seasonal duties. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 28  
 
  - Other duties and charges 
89. The representative of Tajikistan said that Tajikis tan did not levy any other duties or charges 
within the meaning of Article II.1(b) of the GATT 1994. 
90. The representative of Tajikistan recalled that Ta jikistan had bound all tariffs in its Schedule of 
Concessions and Commitments for Goods.  He confirmed that from the date of its accession Tajikistan would not apply other duties and charges within the meaning of Article II.1(b) of the 
GATT 1994 and would bind such other duties and charg es at zero in relation to all products included 
in its Schedule of Concessions and Commitments fo r Goods.  The Working Party took note of these 
commitments. 
- Tariff rate quotas, tariff exemptions 
91. The representative of Tajikistan said that Artic le 345 of the Customs Code exempted from 
custom duties (i) domestic or foreign currenc y and securities, except for numismatic purposes; 
(ii) precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, pa lladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium) 
imported by the National Bank of Tajikistan and these precious metals and precious stones 
(processed or rough diamonds, sapphires, emeralds, r ubies, alexandrite, pearls and spenels) imported 
by an authorized State financial body on behalf of the State depositary of values; (iii) goods as 
humanitarian aid transferred free of charge to State agencies of Tajikistan; (iv) medicines, agricultural 
equipment and components, as identified and listed by  the Government; (v) goods for target projects, 
approved by the Government of Ta jikistan, and funded by grants, credits or loans from individuals, 
foreign States or governments, or international or ganizations; (vi) goods for the construction of 
objects of special importance for the social and economic development of Tajikistan; and (vii) manufacturing or technological equipment and essential components, used directly in the 
production of goods, works and services  available to all new or refitted enterprises in accordance with 
procedures of the Government (Government Decree  No. 591 of 30 November 2007).  Goods subject 
to excise tax were not covered by this exception.   Personal property impor ted into Tajikistan by 
foreign employees was also not exempt from duties.  He added that custom duties would be collected, 
as applicable, in case of the liquati on of an enterprise, or the non-usage or sale of the equipment by 
the enterprise within four years of import. 
92. Asked to provide more information on the goods  referred to in items (vi) and (vii) of the 
preceding paragraph, the representative of Tajikistan said that the objects of special importance (Article 211 of the Tax Code; Ar ticle 345 of the Customs Code) had high economic and social 
significance, such as power plants.  These goods (15 objects) were identified in Government  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 29 
 
 
  Resolution No. 369 "On Objects of Special Importance"  of 1 August 2008.  The list determined by the 
client and general contractor, and involved no discrimination ag ainst imports or goods produced 
domestically by foreign-owned firms.  The desi gnation of these goods was not based on any export 
criteria and did not involve any particular industri es.  As for item (vii), he said that the VAT and 
customs duties exemptions were available on non-di scriminatory terms to all domestic and foreign 
enterprises, regardless of the country of origin, as long as the goods were intended for increasing the 
enterprise's authorized capital or modernizing its  existing production.  These exemptions were not 
associated with local content or export performance a nd, in his view, met the requirements of Article I 
of the GATT 1994. 
93. On tariff quotas, he said that the 2004 Customs Code had revoked provisions in the Law 
No. 744 "On Customs Tariff" envisaging the use of tariff quotas.  Tariff quotas had never been 
applied in practice in the regulati on of foreign trade in Tajikistan. 
94. The representative of Tajikistan confirmed that any changes in the application of tariff quotas 
and tariff exemptions would be undertaken in a tr ansparent and consultative manner.  The Customs 
Authority was responsible for implementing custom s policies, and would inform and consult with 
interested parties on these issues.  The Customs Au thority had established an Advisory Committee for 
Participants of Foreign Economic Activities for this purpose.  The Committee normally met four 
times a year and comprised of representatives of  the Customs Service, other executive State 
authorities and the business community.  Decree of the Head of the Customs Service No. 72F of 
6 May 2008 provided the legal framework for its operation. 
- Fees and charges for services rendered 
95. The representative of Tajikistan said that Article  348.2 of the Customs Code stipulated that 
"customs fees shall be limited to the cost of th e services provided and should not provide an indirect 
protection for domestic products or taxation of imports for fiscal purposes".  Article 347 of the Code 
enumerated customs fees in the form of (i) fees for customs clearance; (ii) fees for customs escort; 
(iii) fees for the storage of goods in customs wa rehouses according to the requirements outlined in 
Chapter 25 (Articles 215-233) of the Code; and (iv) fees for the issue of a qualification or competence certificate for specialists on customs clearance.  Cu stoms brokers were require d to follow a one month 
course and pass a qualification exam to obtain a certificate of competence delivered pursuant to 
Article 147 of the Customs Code.  In response to a specific question, he added that the customs escort 
fee was applied in certain high-risk cases or for fail ure to provide financial guarantees.  The escort 
requirement no longer applied to goods transported by trucks with TIR carnets or goods transported 
by railway. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 30  
 
  96. The representative of Tajikistan said that a custom s clearance fee, levied at a maximum value 
of US$450 per declaration, was applied in accord ance with Resolution No. 472 "On Approval of the 
Rates of Customs Fees for Rendering Customs Services" of 2 December 2005, as amended by 
Government Resolution No. 137 "On Amendments to  the Resolution No. 472 of 2 December 2005" of 
3 March 2011.  The fees and charges effective as of March 2011 are enumerated in Table 6. 
Table 6:  Customs Fees 
No. Type of Service Fee US$ 
1. The customs fees for customs clearan ce of goods and transport means, the 
customs cost of which amounts to: 
- up to US$5,001 
- from US$5,001 up to US$10,001 - from US$10,001 up to US$50,001 
- from US$50,001 up to US$1,000,001 
- from US$1,000,001 and up  
 
10.00 
20.00 70.00 
150.00 
450.00 
2. Fees for customs escort of goods in  one or more transport means in one 
column (for 10 km)  
2.00 
3. Fees for storage of goods in customs warehouses: 
- transport means, for a unit per day - goods, for 1 kg per day  
0.50 0.01 
4. Customs fees for issue of a qualifi cation certificate of a customs clearance 
specialist  
50.00 
 
97. Pursuant to paragraph 7 of Government Reso lution No. 472 of 2 December 2005, as amended 
by Government Resolution No. 352 of 30 June 2007, exemptions from the payment of the customs clearance fee applied to the (i) movement of hu manitarian aid, as well as goods imported free of 
charge and transferred to State bodies of the Republic of Tajikistan; (ii) cultural valuables intended for 
temporary import or export by museums, archives, libraries and other public repositories of cultural 
valuables for exhibition purposes; (iii) temporar y import or export of goods for demonstration 
purposes at fairs or similar; (iv) movement of good s by individuals for personal, family, household 
and other non-entrepreneurial activities, within the limitations imposed by Tajikistan's customs 
legislation; (v) shipment of goods by interna tional mail, provided that the value of such goods 
received by one addressee within one week did not exceed 150 calculation indicators; (vi) movement 
of goods intended for the prevention of natural di sasters and other emergencies, or used in their 
aftermath; and (vii) movement of goods across the customs border of Tajikistan by diplomatic, 
consular and other official representatives of foreign states, international organizations and their staff, 
as well as goods for personal and family use of certain categories of foreign persons.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 31 
 
 
  98. Some Members noted that Tajikistan had abolished the 0.15 per cent ad valorem  customs 
clearance fee and replaced it with a new fee structur e that was nevertheless based on the value of the 
item cleared and not on the administrative cost of cu stoms clearance.  Tajikistan was asked to justify 
the new fee structure and explain how it accord ed with the principle of Article VIII of 
the GATT 1994. 
99. In reply, the representative of Tajikistan said that  the current fee structure was similar to the 
structure applied in other countries.  The cust oms escort fee covered the fuel, maintenance and 
depreciation costs of the escort vehicle and the salari es of the escort staff.  Fees for the storage of 
goods in customs warehouses was based on the salaries of  the security staff, and the electricity and 
general maintenance costs for the upkeep of the warehouses.  Based on research conducted, Tajikistan 
had replaced the ad valorem  customs clearance fee with a minimum (US$10) and a maximum 
(US$450) fee.  The collections from the custom s clearance fee were used for developing and 
maintaining customs infrastructure, "financial st imulation" and insurance of customs staff, and 
improving the housing or living conditions of the cu stoms authorities.  The fee was levied on both 
imported and exported products with no exemptions based on the nature or the origin of the good.  
He noted that, although a simplified procedure exis ted for small shipments, there was no reduced or 
specific charge for such shipments.  He added that , in 2010, customs shipments (declarations) of value 
of less than US$1,000,000 accounted for 99.24 per cent of overall shipments, while customs fees contributed to 0.486 per cent of the State budget.  He confirmed that Tajikistan's customs fee, while 
nominally linked to the value of the shipment, had minimum and maximum levels which kept it 
approximately in line with the cost of the service  rendered.  This fee structure, in his view, 
approximated the costs of services rendered. 
100. In response to questions on State duties, he not ed that these duties applied at specific rates set 
out in Article 4 of the Law "On State Duty" of 28 Fe bruary 2004.  State duties were charged for legal 
actions or for the issue of documents by authori zed bodies (e.g. for claims and court applications, 
notary services, State registration of marriages/divor ces, citizenship documents, legal actions by the 
Ministry of Justice etc.).  These duties were not  specifically levied for customs documents or 
clearance, applications for import or export licenses, or for any other import or export related activity. 
- Application of internal taxes to imports  
101. The representative of Tajikistan said that intern al taxes were applied in accordance with the 
Tax Code of 3 December 2004.  Imports and domes tically produced goods were subject to excise 
taxes and Value Added Tax (VAT). WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 32  
 
   - Excise tax 
102. The excise duty regime was based on Resolution No. 153 of 31 March 2003, which had been 
subsequently replaced by Decree No. 126 "On Excise Tax Rates for Particular Goods Manufactured 
and Imported in the Territory of the Republic of Ta jikistan" of 2 April 2005.  Effective 1 May 2003, 
identical duty rates were levied on domestically -produced and imported goods.  The tax base for 
excise duty on imported goods was the customs value, as determined by the customs authorities, plus 
any other duties and charges payable for the import of the goods, excluding VAT and excise tax.  
The tax base for domestic goods was the price paid or payable, exclusive of VAT, sales or excise tax.  The tax rates and goods subject to excise duties are listed in Table 7. 
103. Some Members noted that Tajikistan levied diffe rent excise tax rates on brown spirits relative 
to other distilled spirits and requested a justificati on for such differential treatment of similar ("like") 
products.  These Members urged Tajikistan to elimin ate the discrimination in the tax treatment of 
distilled alcoholic beverages on the basis of colour.  In response, the representative of Tajikistan said 
that Decree No. 189 of 30 March 2010 would be amended to address this discrepancy. 
 - Value added tax (VAT) 
104. The representative of Tajikistan said that goods an d services were subject to VAT, levied at a 
single rate of 18 per cent.  The tax base for imports was the customs value inclusive of customs duties, 
excise tax (if applicable), and customs service charge s levied at the border.  The tax base for domestic 
goods was the compensation, i.e. price (cash or ki nd) received or expected, and any dues, taxes or 
charges, including excise tax but excluding VAT and sales tax.  VAT was applied on an MFN basis to 
imports from all trading partners.  Exports to all destinations were zero-rated to avoid double taxation 
of Tajik exports.  He was not aware of any State applying VAT to goods exported to Tajikistan. 
105. VAT exemptions on the supply of goods and services were provided in accordance with 
Article 211 of the 2004 Tax Code for (i) the tran sfer or lease of immovable property used for 
entrepreneurial purposes and the sale, transfer and re nt of real estate, except for hotel accommodation, 
holiday homes and newly constructe d homes less than two years old;  (ii) the provision of financial 
leasing services; (iii) foreign or national currenc y and securities, except for numismatic purposes; 
(iv) religious services and rituals by religious or ganizations; (v) medical services, except cosmetic 
services, provided by persons with State licenses or permission to engage in this activity; 
(vi) educational services, specifically preschool traini ng and education; general basic and intermediate 
education; elementary, intermediate, higher prof essional, graduate professional education; and 
additional and special education, by persons with State licenses or permission to engage in these  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 33 
 
 
  activities; (vii) humanitarian aid; (viii) the supply of goods, works and services on a commercial basis 
by penitentiary agencies or State enterprises invol ved in the penitentiary system of Tajikistan; 
(ix) newspapers, magazines, art literature, childre n's literature, scientific books, technical books and 
textbooks (except erotic and specialized advertis ing publications); (x) children's goods such as 
clothing, shoes, head dresses, hosiery and so cks, as per a list fixed by the Government; 
(xi) specialized goods used by the handicapped; and (xii) sanatorium resort services provided by 
institutions approved by the Government.  The VAT exemptions applied regardless of the nationality 
of the provider.  In response to a query, he adde d that the VAT exemptions for folk art or music 
instruments and for items (ix) and (x) above did not apply to imports. 
106. Imports exempt from VAT included (i) foreign and national currency and securities, except 
for numismatic purposes; (ii) precious metals, gems  and stones (gold, silv er, platinum, palladium, 
diamonds, sapphires, emeralds, rubies, pearls, spenel s and alexandrites) imported by the Ministry of 
Finance and the National Bank of Tajikistan; ( iii) goods as humanitarian aid transferred on a 
non-repayable basis to charitable organizations or to  State agencies of Tajikistan; (iv) industrial or 
technological equipment and components, used di rectly in the production of goods, works and 
services by foreign enterprises.  VAT would be coll ected in case of liquation of an enterprise or 
non-usage of the equipment within four years of im port; (v) agricultural technology, i.e. machinery, 
equipment and spare parts, as identified by the G overnment; (vi) goods for target projects approved 
by the Government of Tajikistan, and funded by gr ants, credits or loans from individuals, foreign 
States or governments, or international organizati ons; (vii) goods for the construction of "objects of 
special importance" as determined by the Governme nt of Tajikistan; (viii) raw materials, energy 
resources and equipment imported by the Tajik Aluminium Plant for the production of primary 
aluminium.  The volume and type of exempted inputs was determined by the Government; and 
(ix) specialized goods used by the handicapped.  He  confirmed that all internal and external sales of 
these products, regardless of origin or destina tion, were exempt from VAT in accordance with 
Article 211.3 of the 2004 Tax Code. 
107. Asked to provide more information on items (v ) and (vii) listed in the preceding paragraph, 
the representative of Tajikistan said that the list of agricultural equipment was established by 
Government Decree No. 489 of 1 October 2007 while the list of production and technological 
equipment was determined by Government Decision No. 591 of 30 November 2007.  There were no 
specific criteria for the equipment to be included in the list.  Concerning item (v ii), he said that objects 
of special importance were referred to in Ar ticle 211 of the Tax Code  and were designated 
specifically by a Government decree on a case by  case basis.  These objects were considered 
important from a strategic point of view for th e economic and social development of Tajikistan WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 34  
 
  (e.g. hydro-electric plants, hotels and tourism infrastructure).  He confirmed that these objects did not 
involve a particular industry and were not designated on the basis of any export potential or 
performance, or use of local content. 
 - Other Taxes 
108. The representative of Tajikistan added that tw o domestically produced products – primary 
aluminium and cotton fibre – were exempt from VAT, but subject to a sales tax levied in accordance 
with Chapter 43 (Articles 311 to 317) of the 2004  Tax Code and Law No. 664 of 12 November 1998.  
The tax amounted to 10 per cent on cotton fibre and 3 per cent on primary aluminium sold in the domestic market or exported.  Imported primary aluminium and cotton fibre were not exempt from 
VAT. 
109. Some Members stated that Tajikistan should br ing its VAT regime into conformity with 
Article III:2 of the GATT 1994 by abolishing the sal es tax and by applying the same rate of VAT to 
domestic production of primary aluminium and co tton fibre as applied to imports of primary 
aluminium and cotton fibre.  Appropriate WTO conf ormity should be achieved without undue delay.  
In addition, a Member noted that a number of VAT  exemptions applied to domestic products, such as 
folk art, music instruments and children's clothing,  but not to similar imported goods.  Tajikistan was 
asked to confirm its readiness to amend its Tax C ode to ensure consistency with Article III of 
the GATT 1994. 
110. In reply, the representative of Tajikistan confir med Tajikistan's willingness to equalize the tax 
treatment of domestic and imported aluminium and cotton.  In January 2008, his Government had 
approved a Plan of Action to simplify import an d export procedures, and amend the Tax Code 
(including replacing the sales tax with VAT).  He added that pursuant to Law No. 665 "On Alterations 
and Amendments to the Tax Code" of 29 Decemb er 2010 (initially approved by Resolution No. 482 
of 2 October 2010), VAT on imported primary alumin ium and cotton fibre had been eliminated and 
replaced by a sales tax to be applied equally on primary aluminium and cotton fibre regardless of 
origin.  He added that Tajikistan had amended the Tax Code  to abolish the exemptions for folk art and 
music instruments and would make additional amendm ents to ensure consistency with Article III of 
the GATT 1994 before the end of 2011. 
111. [The representative of Tajikistan confirmed th at, from the date of accession, Tajikistan would 
apply its domestic taxes, including those on produ cts listed in Table [7] in a non-discriminatory 
manner to imports regardless of country of origin  and to domestically-produced goods in compliance 
with Articles I and III of the GATT 1994.  The Working Party took note of this commitment.]  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  - Quantitative import restrictions, including  prohibitions, quotas and licensing systems 
112. The representative of Tajikistan said that non-ta riff measures applied to a number of imported 
goods, notably on foodstuff and food additives; narcotics; pharmaceuticals and medical goods; 
poisonous substances; ethyl alc ohol and alcoholic beverages; tobacco products; radio-electronic 
facilities and high-frequency devices; cryptographic de vices; uranium and other radioactive chemical 
elements; explosives; and arms, ammunition, equipment and accessories for military purposes 
(Table 8).  He presented detailed information on Ta jikistan's import licensing procedures in document 
WT/ACC/TJK/19 ("Questionnaire on Import Licensing Procedures"). 
 - Quantitative restrictions, including prohibitions and quotas 
113. Concerning restrictions on alcohol, he noted that Law No. 451 "On State Regulation of 
Production and Turnover of Ethyl Alcohol and Al coholic Products" of 15 May 1997 and Resolution 
No. 131 "On Approving of Regulati ons Related to State Regulation of Production and Turnover of 
Ethyl Alcohol and Alcoholic Beverages" of 7 Ap ril 1999 allowed the imposition of import quotas on 
ethyl alcohol and alcoholic beverages.  However,  this legal provision had never been used.  
In practice, production and trade in ethyl alcohol  and alcoholic beverages was regulated through 
licensing (see "Import licensing systems" below). 
114. Narcotic and psychotropic substances c overed by international conventions 
(i.e. the Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 19 61; the Vienna Convention on Psychotropic 
Substances, 1971; and the UN Convention Against Illic it Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic 
Substances, 1988) were subject to import restric tions and licensing requirements in Tajikistan.  
Resolution No. 465 "On approval of Regulation on the Procedure of Issue of Licenses in the Sphere of 
Legal Turnover of Drugs, Psychotropic Substances  and Precursors" had been abrogated with the 
introduction of activity licensing pursuant to Regulation No. 337 on 1 September 2005, Law No. 37 of 17 May 2007 and Resolution No. 172 of 3 April 2007.  The State exercised a monopoly on the import 
of narcotic substances and only State-owned ente rprises could import these products with a licence 
and within the limits defined by a State quot a (Law No. 873 "On Narcotic and Psychotropic 
Substances and Precursors" of 10 December 1999).  The licensing authority was the Ministry of Health for narcotic and psychotropic substances, and the Agency for Narcotics' Control under the 
Office of the President for the import of precurs ors.  The quota was set pursuant to Resolution 
No. 381 "On the Establishment of the State Quota for Narcotic Substances" of 29 August 2003.  
The import restrictions served to protect human h ealth, public safety and national security objectives. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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   - Import licensing systems 
115. The representative of Tajikistan said that, as indi cated in Table 8, the importation of several 
types of goods required a permit, permission or licen ce issued by the Government.  In such cases, the 
applicant would first approach the line ministry or agency in charge of regulating the good(s) in question.  The Ministry would then present the request to the Government for decision. 
116. The import of ethyl alcohol and alcoholic  beverages was regulated by Law No. 37 
"On Licensing of Separate Types of Activities of 17 May 2004; Government Resolution No. 172 
"On the Establishment of Provisions on Specificities of Licensing of Separate Types of Activities" of 
3 April 2007; Law No. 451 "On State Regulation of Production and Turnover of Ethyl Alcohol and 
Alcohol Products of 15 May 1997"; and Government  Resolution No. 131 "On Establishing Provisions 
Related to State Regulation of Production and Turn over of Ethyl Alcohol and Alcohol Products" of 
7 April 1999.  He added that Tajikistan had intr oduced import restrictions on ethyl alcohol - an 
important ingredient in domestic production of alc oholic beverages - as a more liberal import regime 
operated in the past had led to considerable unregulated production of low-quality goods.  Licenses 
had been issued by the State Unitary Ente rprise "Khurokvori Food and Processing Industry 
Corporation", but the licensing authority had subseque ntly been transferred to the Ministry of Energy 
and Industry.  The import restrictions did not extend to other non-food products that contained 
ethyl alcohol (e.g. cosmetics, perfumes, mouthwash, solvents, anti-freeze etc.).  As per the existing 
legislation, only State-owned or State-controlle d joint stock enterprises would be considered 
legitimate producers of alcohol and thus eligible to  obtain import or export licences for ethyl alcohol.  
He acknowledged that State-trading provisions were part of the legislation governing the import of 
ethyl alcohol, but in practice these provisions had not been applied, and would be abolished by 
July 2011.  He stressed that the restrictions on th e production and trade in alcohol had been introduced 
to safeguard human health and as such could be  justified under Article XX(b) of the GATT 1994. 
117. Some Members noted that Tajik legislati on allowed the imposition of quantitative import 
restrictions on alcohol, and that Tajikistan was seeki ng to maintain trade restri ctions with reference to 
the GATT Article XX(b).  However, import quotas were inconsistent with Article XI of the 
GATT 1994 and Article 4 of the Agreement on Agri culture, the measures imposed by Tajikistan 
appeared to be more trade-restrictive than necess ary, and Tajikistan had provided no evidence that 
comparable restrictions were being applied to domes tic production of such goods.  Health concerns in 
relation to these products should be addressed in ot her ways, in particular through measures to 
regulate consumption.  Tajikistan was urged to liber alize the imports of ethyl alcohol and alcoholic  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  beverages, including the elimination of import quot as, the non-automatic import licensing regime, and 
the pre-requirement to possess an activity licence. 
118. The representative of Tajikistan reiterated that despite the legal provisions, no formal import 
quotas had been established on alcohol so far.  Legitimate producers were allowed to import the 
ethyl alcohol needed for their own production withou t limitation.  The level of alcohol imports had 
fluctuated over the years in line with movements in domestic consumption.  However, while import 
licensing was mainly maintained on health grounds a nd linked to transit restrictions in neighbouring 
countries, he acknowledged that the import restric tions on alcoholic beverages had also served to 
maintain a proportion of the market for domestic pr oduction.  He confirmed that the State-trading 
provisions applied to imports of ethyl alcohol were  not applied to imports of alcohol beverages in 
general.  He added that Tajikista n would review and amend its legisl ation to abolish the import quotas 
on alcohol and revise the applicable licensing syst em, including the elimination of non-automatic 
licensing, over the course of 2011.  He stated that  Tajikistan would bring this system in compliance 
with WTO rules and disciplines prior to the date of accession. 
119. The representative of Tajikistan said that, pursu ant to Government Resolution No. 111 of 
19 February 1997, a permit was needed for the importation of uranium and other radioactive 
substances, nuclear technologies, appliances, equi pment or plants and other sources of radiation 
including radioactive waste; gunpowder, explosives a nd related waste; military equipment, arms and 
munitions, spare parts, works and services (inc luding engineering or documentation for military 
production), military uniforms and related items for military use; and cryptographic devices, including 
cryptographic equipment, spare parts and cryptogr aphic software.  Responding to concerns that a 
broad import licensing requirement for cryptographi c equipment could jeopardize trade in everyday 
information technology and tele phone-related goods, he confirme d that Tajikistan's licensing 
requirement had been introduced for national secu rity reasons and did not extend to everyday 
consumer products containing encryption equipmen t and software such as cell phones and laptop 
computers.  A list of cryptographic equipment subject to import licensing would be submitted to the Working Party once finalized.  Work on the draf t Law "On Encryption Devices", which would define 
the list of cryptographic equipment subject to import licensing, would be finalized by December 2011. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  120. The State Agency for the Supervision and Cont rol in the Field of Telecommunication and IT 
under the Ministry of Transport and Communicati on administered the permission required for the 
importation of radio-electronic facilities and high-fre quency devices.  While there was no specific list 
detailing the products subject to this requireme nt, Decree No. 209-10 of 19 March 2009 enumerated 
the products that did not require import permission.  These products are listed in Table 9.  In addition 
to the products listed in Table 9, a number of other products were also not subject to the import permit 
requirement, namely (i) radio sets, TV sets, video ta pe recorders with remote control; (ii) open door 
sensors; (iii) car parking devices; (iv) wireless child  monitors; (v) radio-controlled toys; and (vi) any 
radio devices with range not exceeding 100 meters (ra diated power up to 0.1 W).  In reply to a 
specific question, he said that Tajikistan did not  manufacture goods that fell under the category of 
radio-electronic facilities and high frequency devices a nd, therefore, did not maintain a licensing 
regime for any such domestically-produced products. 
121. Regarding the importation of poisonous substances, he said that, in accordance with Law 
No. 49 "On Providing Sanitary-Epidemiological Safe ty of the Population" of 8 December 2003 and 
Decree No. 299 of 3 July 2003, all chemical subs tances, biological agents, growth stimulators, 
fertilizers and other compounds or ag ents imported or used in Tajikista n for the first time were subject 
to examination in the laboratories and the field.  If the results of the biological, toxicological, and 
ecological examination were positive, the products were registered and could be imported following 
the issue of a sanitary-epidemiological certificate.  The certificate or permission to import was issued 
separately for each consignment upon submission of an application, in writing, with supporting 
documents, including information on the tec hnical ability and equipment necessary for the 
commercial activity, copy of the quality certificat e, proof of payment and other documents for 
processing the application, as necessary.  The State Sanitary Epidemiology Service usually issued a 
certificate within three days for perishable goods a nd thirty days for other goods.  He confirmed that 
similar domestic products were s ubject to an identical regime. 
122. The licensing authority for the import of radioac tive material was the Academy of Sciences.  
The import licensing requirement served to protect human health, public safety and national security objectives.  In addition to the requirements and documentation needed pursuant to Law No. 37 and 
Regulation No. 172, applicants seeking a licence to  import radioactive material were expected to 
submit the necessary clearances or approvals from  Tajikistan's internal affairs agencies, the 
sanitary-hygienic and fire surve illance bodies; copies of conformity certificates, the qualification 
certificate issued by the Agency on Nuclear and Radi oactive Safety in the Academy of Sciences, and 
the State registration of the radioactive material; a medical certificate for the persons engaged in the 
activity; and a guarantee that the material would be returned to the exporter in case of non-delivery.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  123. Licenses for tobacco products were administered by the Ministry of Energy and Industry 
pursuant to Law No. 37 "On Licensing Certain Typ es of Activities" of 17 May 2004, and Regulation 
No. 172 "On the Peculiarities of Licensing Certain Types of Activities" of 3 April 2007.  
Foreign individuals or legal entities were required to  maintain a commercial pr esence in Tajikistan to 
apply for and obtain a licence. 
124. In addition to Law No. 37 and Regulation No . 172, the importation and exportation of 
medicines and medical products was regulated by the Ministry of Health in accordance with Law 
No. 39 "On Pharmaceuticals and Pharmaceutical Acti vities" of 6 August 2001 and Resolution No. 204 
of 2 April 2009 (see also section on "Trading Rights"). 
125. A Member sought clarification whether Tajikis tan applied automatic import licensing within 
the meaning of Articles 1 and 2 of the Agreemen t on Import Licensing Procedures, in which case all 
legal and natural persons seeking to import the affect ed products would be equally eligible to apply 
for and obtain the licenses; licence applications c ould be submitted on any working day prior to the 
customs clearance of the goods; appropriately comple ted applications would be  approved in all cases 
within a period not exceeding ten working days; a nd no reasons existed to refuse a licence, and no 
circumstances existed under which a licence could be refused. 
126. In reply, the representative of Tajikistan said that Tajikistan's import licensing requirements 
were non-automatic, except for the importation of medical goods, which were subject to automatic 
licensing.  He added that Tajikistan intended to de velop its licensing system in accordance with the 
Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures.  Licence applications were not rejected for minor 
documentation errors according to current practice, but  the existing practice would be codified in new 
legislation being developed in 2011.  This work wo uld also address the tran sparency and notification 
aspects of the Agreement. 
127. The representative of Tajikistan confirmed that  from the date of accession, Tajikistan would 
implement its import licensing procedures, including those relating to publication and provision of 
information on automatic and non-automatic licenc es, in conformity with the WTO Agreement on 
Import Licensing Procedures, and that the provisions of  the Agreement would be reflected in its laws 
and regulations.  He also confirmed that from th e date of accession, Tajikis tan would eliminate and 
would not introduce, re-introduce or apply quantitativ e restrictions on imports or other non-tariff 
measures such as licensing, quotas, bans, permits,  prior authorization requirements, and other 
restrictions having equivalent effect, that c ould not be justified under the provisions of the 
WTO Agreement, including measures referred to in [T able 8].  He further confirmed that the legal 
authority of Tajikistan to suspend imports and exports  or to apply licensing or other requirements that WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 40  
 
  could be used to suspend, ban, or otherwise rest rict the quantity of trade would be applied from the 
date of accession in conformity with the requireme nts of the WTO Agreement, including Articles XI, 
XII, XIII, XIX, XX, and XXI of the GATT 1994, a nd the Agreements on Agriculture, Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary Measures, Import Licensing Procedures,  Safeguards and Technical Barriers to Trade.  
The Working Party took no te of these commitments. 
- Customs valuation 
128. The representative of Tajikistan said that th e Customs Code of 3 December 2004, in force 
since 1 January 2005, had abrogated the previous le gislation on customs valuation, in particular the 
Law "On Customs Tariff" of 14 May 1999.  He c onsidered the customs valuation system under the 
2004 Customs Code to be in compliance with th e WTO Agreement on Implem entation of Article VII 
of the GATT 1994 (Customs Valuation Agreement) .  In particular, Chapter 42 of the Code 
"On Specification of Customs Value of Goods" had b een developed in line with the provisions of the 
Agreement and the revised Kyoto Convention on simplification and harmonization of customs 
procedures.  He added that the Customs Code woul d be amended (in the course of 2011) to provide a 
precise definition of the "price actually paid or pa yable".  Work was also underway to amend the 
Code to, inter alia , include provisions to implement the Decision of 26 April 1984 on the Treatment 
of Interest Charges in the Customs Value of Im ported Goods (VAL/6/Rev.1) and paragraph 2 of the 
Decision of 24 September 1984 on Valuation of Carri er Media Bearing Software for Data Processing 
Equipment (VAL/8).  Normative and legal acts to im plement the Customs Code were in the process of 
being approved by the relevant Ministries and Government agencies.  A Questionnaire on Customs 
Valuation ("Information on Implementation a nd Administration of the Customs Valuation 
Agreement") is presented in document WT/ACC/TJK/20. 
129. The representative of Tajikistan said that the hierarchy of valuation methods and the 
conditions under which these could be used corres ponded, in his view, to the provisions of the 
WTO Agreement.  The principal valuation method in  Tajikistan was the transaction value.  In line 
with Article 355 (Item 2) of the Customs Code, th e transaction value incorporated the expenses borne 
in the delivery of goods into the customs territory  of Tajikistan, including costs for transportation, 
transhipment, loading or unloading; insurance; e xpenses borne by the purchaser for items such as 
packing and packaging material, broker fees and commiss ions, containers etc., if considered part of 
the goods being valued; raw materials and other inputs (works, services) directly or indirectly bartered 
by the buyer or importer to the seller for the production or sale of the imported goods; royalties and licence fees payable directly or indirectly by the purchaser or importer as a condition for sale, if such 
royalties and fees had not been included in the price, actually paid or payable; and profits accrued by  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 41 
 
 
  the seller from any further resale, transfer or us e of the goods in Tajikistan.  He considered 
Article 355 to be fully consistent with Article 8 of the Customs Valuation Agreement and noted that 
the Customs Body had adopted rules and procedures for the information to be included in customs 
declarations and adjustments to the transaction va lue.  Customs declarations for imported goods were 
to be filed within 15 days of the date the goods  had reached Tajikistan's customs (Customs Code, 
Article 129(1)).  An extended deadline of up to two months could be considered on the basis of a 
request by the declarant (Article 129(2)).  In resp onse to a specific question, he added that Tajik 
enterprises were in the process of implementing the generally accepted accounting principles pursuant 
to Government Resolution No. 465 of 3 October 2006.   He expected this process to be completed 
by 2014. 
130. In response to requests for further information on the conformity of Tajikistan's legislation 
with the Customs Valuation Agreement - in particular its Articles 1.2(a) and (b);  2; 5 (including 5.1(a) 
and 5.2); 6.2; 7; 9.1; and 10 – the representative of  Tajikistan replied that the Customs Code reflected 
the provisions of the Customs Valuation Agreement in its Articles 45 to 46, 54, 354 to 360, 364 to 366, 371 and 385.  In his view, the provi sions of Article 5.2 of the Customs Valuation 
Agreement were covered in Artic le 358(6) of the Customs Code, when read in conjunction with 
Article 358(2).  He acknowledged that currently Ta jikistan's legislation did not incorporate the 
provisions of Article 6.2 of the Customs Valuatio n Agreement, but stressed that Tajikistan would 
ensure compliance with this Article.  He confir med that the Customs Code prohibited the use of 
valuation practices such as minimum import values and reference prices, and that the Code used 
terminology identical to, and consis tent with, the Agreement.  In particular, the customs value of 
goods under the fall-back method could not be de fined on the basis of reference prices 
(Article 360(4)).  Where the conversion of cu rrency was necessary (Article 9 of the Customs 
Valuation Agreement), the National Bank's exchange ra te applicable on the day of registration of the 
declaration was used which, in some cases, could actually precede the time of importation 
(Customs Code, Article 371).  The circumstances under which the customs authorities could disclose 
confidential information and the circumstances under which the executive bodies could disclose such 
information to third parties were listed in Article  9(2) of the Customs Code and in Law No. 55 
"On Information" of 10 May 2002.  While these provi sions did not establish specific disclosure rules 
during customs procedures, it could be assumed that  such information could be disclosed in the 
context of judicial proceedings.  Tajikistan fulf illed the transparency and publication requirements 
outlined in Article 12 of the Agreement through the Law "On Regulatory Acts".  Normative legal acts, 
customs regulations judicial decisions and administ rative rulings of general application would come 
into force only upon their publication in the "C ompilation of Legal Acts of the Republic of 
Tajikistan", the magazine "Gumruk" and on the we bsite of the customs service (www.customs.tj). WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  131. The right to appeal was provided for in Ch apter 7 of the Customs Code "On Appealing 
Decisions, Actions (Inaction) of the Customs Author ity and Customs" (Article 364(1)).  The Code 
permitted the right of administrative appeal, without penalty, of any decision taken by the Customs 
Bodies, and the final right of appeal to a judicial  authority as required in Article 11 of the Customs 
Valuation Agreement.  Article 46 (Item 1) of the Customs Code stated that "decisions, actions (inaction) of customs agencies or their official s may be appealed to the customs authorities, 
prosecutor's office and/or in court."  The Law on Administrative Proceedings laid down the relevant 
provisions on appeals against administrative d ecisions, including those taken by the customs 
authorities and its officials.  Under Article 14 of th is Law, if an applicant's request was denied, the 
administrative authority had to indi cate the authority to which an app eal could be lodged, its address 
and the time limit for lodging an appeal.  Large scale customs fraud was punishable by imprisonment 
of five to ten years with or without confiscation of property pursuant to Article 289 of the Criminal 
Code. 
132. Concerning the conditional release of goods in cases where the final determination of customs 
value was delayed (Customs Valuation Agreement,  Article 13), he said that Article 366 of the 
Customs Code allowed for the withdrawal of goods from customs control, assuming a sufficient 
guarantee in the form of a surety, deposit or othe r appropriate instrument was posted to cover the 
ultimate liability.  In addition, Article 382(1), Item 2, provided for the use of a surety as an instrument for securing the payment of import duties in cases of conditional release of goods. 
133. In reply to a specific question, the representative of Tajikistan said that Tajikistan's legislation 
(Article 353 of the Customs Code) contained provisions on the valua tion of exported goods.  
The purpose of these provisions was to allow the app lication of payment exem ptions and tax refunds, 
as well as the collection of statistical data. 
134. The representative of Tajikistan confirmed that, from the date of accession, Tajikistan would 
apply its customs valuation laws, regulations and practic es, including those to prevent under-valuation 
of goods, in conformity with the WTO Agreem ent, including Article I of the GATT 1994, 
the Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of GATT 1994 and Annex I (Interpretative Notes).  
Accordingly, from the date of accession to the WTO,  Tajikistan would not use any form of minimum 
value, such as reference prices or fixed valua tion schedules for customs valuation of goods.  
In addition, Tajikistan would ensure that in the ev ent that its customs service could not determine the 
proper customs value or disputed the transaction value offered, it would release the goods subject to the posting of a bond or other security for the maximum amount of the customs duties that could be owed, as provided for in the Agreement.  He furt her confirmed that, in determining the value of  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 43 
 
 
  imports, Tajikistan would apply the provisions of paragraph 2 of Decision No. 4.1 of the Committee 
on Valuation of Carrier Media Bearing Software for Data Processing Equipm ent (providing that 
valuation of software was based on the value of the media) and Decision No. 3.1 on the Treatment of 
Interest Charges in Customs Value of Importe d Goods.  The Working Party took note of these 
commitments. 
- Rules of origin 
135. The representative of Tajikistan said that rules of  origin were determined and regulated by 
Chapter 6 of the Customs Code.  The principles and me thods used in the determination of origin were 
based on existing international practice.  There was no difference between the rules of origin applied 
for preferential and non-preferential purposes.  The requirements of the Special Attachment "K" of the International Convention on simplification and ha rmonization of customs procedures (revised Kyoto 
Convention), in particular the provisions on "Rul es on determining the origin of goods", had been 
taken into consideration in developing th e relevant provisions of the Customs Code. 
136. Tajikistan's rules of origin were based on the wholly obtained and substantial transformation 
criteria; i.e. change of tariff heading or ad valorem  criterion.  Change of (four  digit) tariff heading was 
the principal method to determine substantial tran sformation.  Article 31.4 of the Customs Code 
referred to additional criteria, i.e. processing methods or ad valorem  criteria, but this provision had 
not been developed further.  Origin could be conferred to a group of countries, a customs union, a region or a part of a country.  The European Community was considered a single entity for 
origin purposes.  The rules of origin also applied without exception to goods originating from free 
economic zones and free warehouses. 
137. In compliance with international agreements  and Article 36.1 of the Customs Code, a 
document confirming the country of origin had to be  submitted together with the customs declaration 
upon importation of goods in cases where Tajikistan accorded tariff preferences.  A certificate of 
origin could be issued by the authorities in the c ountry of exportation or by non-governmental bodies 
such as Chambers of Commerce.  The customs bodies were authorized to demand a document 
confirming the country of origin of goods in cases wh en the declared information on the country of 
origin was suspected to be inadequate, would affect  the application of customs duties or taxes, or 
circumvent prohibitions and restrictions established in  compliance with the legislation of Tajikistan.  
The Chambers of Commerce in Tajikistan could assis t in obtaining or verifying such a document.  
In response to a specific question, he said that Tajikistan's legislation did not provide for any circumstances – including situations in which custom s were unable to determine the origin of goods – 
in which the default approach would be  to assess twice the MFN rate of duty. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 44  
 
  138. He stated that the requirements of Article 2(h) and Annex II, paragraph 3(d) of the 
WTO Agreement on Rules of Origin were met in Articles 42-44 of the Customs Code.  The Code 
provided an exporter, importer or any person with a justifiable cause, a right to request a preliminary 
assessment of the origin of goods and their classification.  Pursua nt to the Law "On Appeals of 
Citizens (Article 12), the request (appeal) was examined  within one month of the date of receipt, and 
in less than 15 days in cases where no further checks were required.  The time limit could be extended 
by an additional one month in cases where a special ex amination was necessary.  Identical rules were 
applicable to the timeframes for obtaining a prelim inary assessment of origin.  Preliminary decisions 
could not contain confidential information and were published on the website of the Customs 
Services.  Decisions on annulment of preliminary deci sions were effective as of the date of issuing of 
the original preliminary decision, whereas decisions on change of preliminary decisions were 
effective within the time limit established by the d ecision itself, but not within less than three months 
of the date the decision on the change was issued. 
139. In response to a query, he acknowledged that the origin of goods produced in spaceships was 
not specifically covered in the revised Kyoto Conve ntion.  However, in accordance with Article 30 
(Item 10) of the Customs Code, goods produced in  spaceships were considered "products of higher 
technologies received as cosmic objects in open space" and origin was attributed to the country where 
the spaceship had been registered, owned or leased. 
140. The representative of Tajikistan confirmed that from the date of accession Tajikistan's 
preferential and non-preferential rules of origin would comply with the WTO Agreement on Rules of 
Origin.  He added that the requirements of Ar ticle 2(h) and Annex II , paragraph 3(d) of 
the Agreement, which require, inter alia , provision upon request of an assessment of the origin of the 
import and outline of the terms under which it will be  provided, had been established in Tajikistan's 
legal framework.  The Working Party took note of these commitments. 
- Pre-shipment inspection 
141. The representative of Tajikistan said that manda tory pre-shipment inspection had not been 
applied in Tajikistan so far.  While Tajikistan wa s not interested in maintaining a pre-shipment 
inspection regime, Law No. 3 of 24 February 2004, amending the Law "On Foreign Economic 
Activity" of 27 December 1993, contained a provision  that would allow the Government of Tajikistan 
to introduce a pre-shipment in spection regime in the future.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  142. The representative of Tajikistan confirmed that if pre-shipment inspection requirements were 
to be introduced in the future, such requirements would be temporary, and would comply with the 
requirements of the WTO Agreement on Pre-ship ment Inspection and other WTO Agreements.  
Tajikistan would ensure that pre-shipment insp ection enterprises operating on its behalf complied 
with the provisions of the WTO Agreement, including the Agreements on Import Licensing Procedures, Customs Valuation, Technical Barrier s to Trade, the Application of Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary Measures, Agriculture, and Rules of Origin and the GATT 1994.  He further confirmed 
that Tajikistan would ensure that charges and fees of pre-shipment enterprises would be consistent 
with Article VIII of the GATT 1994, and that the re quirements and procedures of such entities would 
comply with the transparency and confidentialit y requirements of the WTO Agreement, including 
Article X of the GATT 1994.  Decisions by such fi rms could be appealed by importers in the same 
way and through the same procedures as administrative  decisions taken by Tajikistan.  The Working 
Party took note of these commitments. 
- Anti-dumping, countervailing duties, safeguard regimes 
143. The representative of Tajikistan said that Law No. 744 "On Customs Tariff" of 14 May 1999 
had provided the legislative basis for contingent tr ade remedies in Tajikistan but this Law had been 
revoked by Law No. 66 of 9 December 2004.  Ar ticle 344 of the 2004 Customs Code provided the 
general framework for anti-dumping, countervaili ng duties and safeguard measures, but detailed 
provisions to initiate, implement and enforce continge nt trade remedies were yet to be developed.  
A new Law "On Foreign Trade", which would in clude provisions on trade remedies, was in 
preparation and would be submitted to the Work ing Party once the draft had been completed. 
144. Article 9 of the Law "On Customs Tariff" provi ded for the application of anti-dumping duties 
when goods were imported into the customs territory  of Tajikistan at a price lower than their 
"normal price in the country of export at the mome nt of export"; and if such exports inflicted or 
threatened to inflict losses on domestic producers of similar goods, or hindered the establishment or 
expansion of production of similar good s in Tajikistan.  He said that the expression "hinders to start or 
expand production" in the Tajik legislation was ak in to the expression "material retardation of the 
establishment of domestic industry" in Article VI.1 of the GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on 
Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994.  In his view, the anti-dumping regime in Tajikistan 
corresponded substantially to the norms and stan dards of the relevant GATT/WTO provisions.  
However, anti-dumping actions had not been initiated in Tajikistan to date, and he confirmed that 
measures would not be applied until further detaile d procedural provisions had been adopted and 
implemented in full conformity with the rules and disciplines of the WTO. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  145. Article 10 of the Law "On Customs Tariff" provi ded for the use of countervailing measures if 
the production and export of goods, imported into the customs territory of Tajikistan, had directly or 
indirectly been subsidized, and if such exports in flicted or threatened to inflict losses on domestic 
producers of similar goods, or hindered the establishm ent or expansion of pr oduction of similar goods 
in Tajikistan.  In his view, Tajikistan defined subsidies in accordance with the WTO Agreement on 
Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, and the countervailing measures regime corresponded 
substantially to the relevant GATT/WTO provision s.  Countervailing duties had so far never been 
applied in Tajikistan.  He added that new de tailed provisions on counter vailing measures would be 
drafted in full conformity with the relevant WTO rules. 
146. Article 8 of the Law "On Customs Tariff" provi ded for the use of safeguards measures in the 
form of special duties.  Safeguards were applied as a protective measure if goods were imported into 
the customs territory of Tajikistan in quantities and under such conditions that inflicted or threatened 
to inflict losses to domestic producers of similar or directly competing goods; or as a reciprocal or retaliatory measure against discriminatory or other actions taken by other States or their unions that 
hindered the interests of Tajikistan.  Actions that hi ndered the interests of Tajikistan could include the 
unilateral and unjustified use of special safeguard s, antidumping, countervailing or other measures 
affecting the foreign trade of Tajikistan negatively.  He added that reciprocal or retaliatory measures 
would only be applied when authorized unde r the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding.  
Tajikistan applied no safeguard measures at present.  In his view, the safeguards regime corresponded 
substantially to the relevant GATT/WTO provision s.  New detailed provisions on safeguards would 
be drafted to ensure full compliance.  He confirme d that safeguard measures would only be applied in 
full conformity with Article XIX of the GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards. 
147. Article 11 of the Law "On Customs Tariff" set  out the procedures for the application of 
contingent trade remedies.  The use of safeguard s, anti-dumping, and countervailing measures had to 
be preceded by an investigation conducted by th e Customs Committee.  The investigation could be 
initiated by the Committee on its own initiative, or through the initiative of other public or State 
managed bodies in Tajikistan.  Inv estigations had to be based on quantitatively measurable data.  
The Government of Tajikistan would determine the relevant contingent duty rates based on the 
dumping margins and injury established by the investigations. 
148. The Euro-Asian Economic Community (EAEC), which included Tajikistan, envisaged a 
coordinated policy and common treatment in the app lication of trade remedies.  In accordance with 
the EAEC Protocol of 17 February 2000 and D ecision No. 117 of the Interstate Council of 
27 April 2003, EAEC member-States were work ing to develop common mechanisms for the  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 47 
 
 
  application of safeguard, anti-dumping and counter vailing measures applicable to trade between 
themselves.  He confirmed that such mechanisms, once adopted, would be notified to the WTO.  
He added that the mechanisms for the application of contingent trade remedies would use standard 
terminology and be in compliance with international standards. 
149. A Member noted that Tajikistan was treated as a non-market economy in its domestic 
legislation for anti-dumping purposes.  Should Tajikis tan be considered a non-market economy at the 
time of its accession, WTO Members should be able to apply alternative calculation methodologies 
(e.g. prices in a surrogate market ec onomy) in trade remedy proceedings. 
150. The representative of Tajikistan confirmed that  Tajikistan would not apply any anti-dumping, 
countervailing or safeguard measures until it had notif ied and implemented laws  in conformity with 
the WTO Agreements on the Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994, on Subsidies and 
Countervailing Measures, and on Safegu ards.  He confirmed that any new legislation would be in full 
conformity with the relevant  WTO provisions upon accession. 
B. EXPORT REGULATION  
- Customs tariffs, fees and charges for services rendered, application of internal taxes to 
exports 
151. The representative of Tajikistan said that Ta jikistan had never levied any export duties 
although Law No. 744 "On Customs Tariff" (abo lished by Law No. 66 of 9 December 2004) had 
provided a legal basis for such measures.  Article 182.2 of the Customs Code prohibited the 
application of export duties on processed goods.  He confirmed that in accordance with the applicable 
customs legislation, export duties we re presently not applied to any goods. 
152. Tajikistan levied fees and charges enumerated in Table 6 for the customs clearance of exports.  
In addition, the Chambers of Commerce charged a fe e for issuing a certificate of origin to accompany 
consignments of exported goods.  He  added that since January 2009, this fee (of 0.1 per cent) now 
amounted to a cost-based fixed charge of 175 Somoni (around US$40). WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 48  
 
  153. He added that the export of domestically pr oduced primary aluminium and cotton fibre had 
been subject to a sales tax of 3 and 10 per cent, resp ectively.  However, to bring domestic legislation 
into WTO compliance, his Government had adopted  Law No. 665 "On Alterations and Amendments 
to the Tax Code" of 29 December 2010 (initially approved by Government Resolution No. 482 of 
2 October 2010), which had introduced a sales tax th at was set at an equal level for both primary 
aluminium and cotton fibre, irrespective of the origin of the products. 
- Export restrictions 
154. The representative of Tajikistan provided information on non-tariff measures applied on 
exported goods, notably on foodstuff, animal a nd vegetable products; na rcotics; alcohol and 
ethyl alcohol; medical goods; ferrous and non-ferrous scrap; works of historic, scientific or cultural 
value; chemical agents, fertilizers and ozone depl eting substances; uranium and other radioactive 
chemical elements; hunting trophies; monetary valu ables; cryptographic devices; explosives; arms 
and ammunition; and military armaments, equipm ent, documents and accessories (Table 10).  
He confirmed that Tajikistan had no  Government-mandated export bans. 
155. Some Members considered the non-automatic  export licences for metal scrap to be 
inconsistent with Article XI of the GATT 1994, and asked Tajikistan to elaborate its plans to abolish 
this requirement. 
156. In reply, the representative of Tajikistan noted that the export licenses did not serve to limit 
the supply of exported scrap, but acknowledged that  the export licenses for ferrous and non-ferrous 
scrap were non-automatic.  The exportation of ferr ous and non-ferrous scrap was regulated pursuant 
to the Law "On Scrap and Waste of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals" and Resolution No. 172 of 
3 April 2007 (see section on "Trading Rights").  Expo rt licenses were required to combat illicit trade 
in metal scrap by ensuring that th e source of the material could be identified and that the applicable 
rules governing exportation of scrap were adhered to.  He added th at Tajikistan would review the 
existing regime for compliance with Article XI of  the GATT 1994 and would consider repealing the 
decree of the President introducing the expor t limitations on ferrous and non-ferrous scrap. 
157. Concerning export licenses for alcoholic beverages and ethyl alcohol administered by the 
Ministry of Energy and Industry (and previously by  "Khurokvori"), he said that the licensing regime 
for these products was being liberalized and amende d over the course of 2010-11.  Restrictions on the 
export of tobacco products pursuant to Resolution No. 453 of 27 October 1999  had been abolished.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 49 
 
 
  158. As stipulated in Resolution No. 111 of 19 February 1997, prior authorization of the 
Government was needed for the export of (i) ur anium and other radioact ive substances, nuclear 
technologies, appliances, equipment or plants and other sources of radiation including radioactive 
waste; (ii) gunpowder, explosives and related waste; (iii) drugs and psychotropi c or toxic substances; 
(iv) military equipment, arms and munitions, spar e parts, works and services (including engineering 
or documentation for military production), military  uniforms and related items for military use; 
(v) cryptographic devices, including cryptographi c equipment, spare parts and cryptographic 
software; (vi) mineralogy and pa laeontology materials, informati on regarding mineral resources and 
oilfields in Tajikistan, including  charts, maps and drawings; (vii)  works of art, collectables and 
antiques, of significant artistic, historical, scientif ic and cultural value; a nd (viii) endangered wild 
animals and birds. 
159. Concerning the permission required to export po isonous substances and chemical agents, the 
representative of Tajikistan said that the export of these products was regulated by Decree No. 32 "On the Procedures for the Control of Exports from the Republic of Tajikistan of Chemicals, 
Equipment and Technology Having a Peaceful Use, Which Can Be Used to Build Chemical 
Weapons" of 12 January 1996.  These goods could onl y be exported from Tajikistan with a licence 
issued for each transaction by the Ministry of Ec onomic Development and Trade.  The application 
procedures and supporting documents required for the licence are detailed on pages 32 to 33 of 
WT/ACC/TJK/17.  Applications were processed by the Government within 20 days of submission. 
160. In accordance with Decree No. 237 "On Measures to Improve the Promotion of Domestically 
Produced Goods in Foreign Markets" of 8 June 2001, certain commodities were sold through the 
Tajik Universal Commodity Exchange (Table 11).  The Commodity Exchange was a limited liability 
company with a stake held by the Ministry of Ec onomic Development and Trade.  Auctions at the 
Commodity Exchange were conducted on certain days  of the week.  Commod ities and raw materials 
could be auctioned for sale as exports by local and fo reign producers.  A broker or seller participating 
in the auction submitted an application with  accompanying data, including the commodity 
description, quantity and any conditions for the sale requested by the seller.  The commodity was sold 
to the highest bidder and a contract to this effect was concluded after the auction.  The strike prices 
were influenced by trends in world market pri ces.  For export sales conducted outside the Commodity 
Exchange, the customs authorities would not rel ease the goods without the contract acknowledged by 
the Commodity Exchange.  The Comm odity Exchange would compare the contract price with prices 
realized at its auctions.  No acknowledgement would be issued if the contract price was significantly 
lower, and the sale would accordingly be blocked. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  Table 11:  Commodities Sold Through the Tajik Universal Commodity Exchange 
Tariff 
Nomenclature Goods Description Value in 
Mln US$  % of total 
exports 
 Total exports from Tajikistan 1,195.3  
1404 Materials of phytogenous origin (lint)  0.005 0.0004 
24 Tobacco and industrial to bacco substitutes 0.08 0.01 
26 Ores and ashes 23.8 2.0 
2801 Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine 0.0001 - 
2805 Rare-earth metals 0.03 0.002 
2815 Sodium Hydrate, etc. 0.001 0.0001 
30 Pharmaceutical production 0.3 0.02 
3602, 3603 Explosives 1.1 0.1 
4101, 4102, 
4103 Raw hides and skins 3.6 0.3 
50 Silk 12.8 1.1 
51 Fleece, fine and co arse wool 0.2 0.02 
52 Cotton 201.0 16.8 
71 Natural and cultivated pearls, precious and semiprecious stones, 
precious metals, clad metals and different goods from them 33.4 2.3 
72-73 Ferrous metals and products thereof 4.5 0.4 
7404 Copper waste - - 
7503 Nickel waste - - 
76 Aluminium products 12.0 1.0 
7802 Lead waste - - 
8544 Isolated wires, cables and other isolated electric wires with 
connecting parts or without them 0.1 0.01 
Total  293 24.2 
 
161. Some Members considered the mandatory sale of certain goods for export through the Tajik 
Universal Commodity Exchange an export rest riction not conforming with Article XI of 
the GATT 1994 in the sense that the measure precluded  the possibility of an export contract being 
agreed without an auction being held.  In additio n, Tajikistan required the mandatory registration of 
contracts with the Commodity Exchange and a permit for customs clearance of exported goods 
contingent on the sale taking place at the auction price.  Tajikistan was requested to eliminate these 
requirements by the date of accession as less rest rictive and burdensome means were available to 
monitor and control capital outflows. 
162. The representative of Tajikistan replied that th e goods listed in Table 11 were sold through 
the Commodity Exchange, but that  such sales were no longer mandatory as Government Resolution 
No. 126 of 5 March 2008 had revoked Resolution No . 237.  The requirement to register export 
contracts made outside the supervision and participa tion of the Exchange had also been abolished.  
The powers vested with the Exchange pursuant to Decree No. 104 of 27 February 1996 had been 
withdrawn.  The Commodity Exchange no longer had th e authority to control or block transactions on 
the basis of the sale price.  Exporters of these pr oducts were free to set their prices without any 
interference from Government.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  163. As noted in the section "Foreign Exchange and Payments", the mandatory pre-payment 
requirement for the export of certain products (Tab le 1) was being abolis hed (Presidential Decree 
No. 911 of 26 August 2010).  The pre-payment requirement, however, was distinct and 
administratively separate from the export of cer tain goods through the Commodity Exchange. 
164. In conformity with Government Resolutio n No. 547 "On Some Measures to Improve 
Insurance Activities" of 31 December 1998, cargo sh ipped by State entities in Tajikistan was subject 
to mandatory insurance.  Insurance payments did not exceed 0.2 per cent of the value of the exported 
cargo.  The State Unitary Enterpri se Insurance Company "Tojiksarmoyaguzor" under the Ministry of 
Finance was exclusively responsible for the in surance of cargo exported by State entities.  
Private companies engaged in exportation were  not required to obtain such insurance. 
165. [The representative of Tajikistan confirmed th at from the date of accession, Tajikistan would 
apply its export licensing requirements, quantitative r estrictions and other expo rt control requirements 
in conformity with WTO provisions, including tho se contained in Articles XI, XVII, XX and XXI of 
the GATT 1994.  The Working Party took note of these commitments.] 
C. INTERNAL POLICIES AFFECTIN G FOREIGN TRADE IN GOODS  
- Industrial policy, including subsidies 
166. The representative of Tajikistan said that the i ndustrial policy of Tajikistan was not geared 
towards the protection of specific economic activities.  His Government did not subsidize exports either directly or indirectly.  He stated that Tajik istan did not apply any prohibited subsidies within the 
meaning of Article 3 of the Agreement of Subsid ies and Countervailing Measures and Article XVI of 
the GATT 1994, and that Tajikistan had no plans to introduce any such subsidies in the future.  He confirmed that Tajikistan did not provide an y indirect subsidies within the meaning of 
Article 1.1(a)(1)(iv) of the Agreement on S ubsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM). 
167. He added that Tajikistan did not operate an y export financing, export subsidy or export 
promotion measures at present.  Any export financ ing or export promotion measures introduced in the 
future would not be operated in a manner inco nsistent with Tajikistan's WTO commitments.  
Duty drawback on imported merchandise was regulated by Chapter 48 (Articles 396 to 398) of the Customs Code.  Asked about the refund of VAT and excise taxes on exports and Tajikistan's 
conformity with Annex 1 (Items (g) and (h)) of th e ASCM, the representative of Tajikistan said that 
VAT and excise tax paid at the time of impo rtation for goods subse quently re-exported or 
incorporated in exported goods could be refunded to the amount of VAT and excise duty paid.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 52  
 
  He added that, if applied in the future, any export  financing or measures used to assist exports would 
comply with Tajikistan's WTO commitments and in  particular Annex 1 (Items (g) and (h)) of the 
ASCM.  The procedure for submitting refund requests w as stipulated in Article 215 of the Tax Code.  
He confirmed that the refund would not exceed the amount actually paid at the time of importation. 
168. His Government provided limited support for in dustrial development.  Articles 145 and 211 
of the 2004 Tax Code and Article 345 of the 2004 Customs Code included provisions for tax and 
custom duty exemptions.  These incentives were no t provided on the basis of mandatory export 
performance and were therefore, in his opinion, not pr ohibited subsidies as set out in Article 3.1(a) of 
the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. 
169. The Ministry of Energy and Industry provide d support to the coal industry and for the 
exploration and extraction of oil and natural g as.  The budgetary allocation for the geological 
prospecting of oil and gas and for the coal indus try had amounted to 363,800 Somoni in 2002, and 
417,300 Somoni had been earmarked to be disbursed in 2003.  Of this, 150,000 Somoni had been to 
support the loss-making coal industry and to promote fuel independence.  He stressed that these 
subsidies were not contingent on local content or export performance requirements. 
170. The State budget, through the Ministry of Energy and Industry, allocated US$120,000 
annually to the State Unitary Enterprise "Zarya Vost oka" to maintain the temporarily idle facilities at 
this enterprise.  In addition, general subsidies to the mining and chemical industry had amounted to 
202,000 Somoni in the 2003 budget.  These funds  were allocated to the mining enterprises Таkobskii 
GOK Joint Stock Company (8,600 Somoni), АО Аnzobskii GOK Joint Stock Company 
(19,500 Somoni), Аdrasmanskii Joint Stock Company (85,600 Somoni), and Jamast State Unitary 
Enterprise (85,600 Somoni).  The Tajikkhimprom Joint Stock Company, a chemical enterprise, received a subsidy of 2,700 Somoni though the chemical industry as a whole was not presently 
subsidized through the State budget.  He confirmed th at the funds allocated to the mining enterprises 
were not contingent on local conten t or export performance requirements. 
171. The subsidies approved by the Ministry of Ener gy and Industry were allocated directly to 
each enterprise through the Central Treasury under the Ministry of Finance.  For enterprises involved 
in exploration or exploitation of mineral resources, the amount of funds transferred was adjusted to 
account for the taxes due on royalties and bonuses.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  172. Tajikistan did not operate any micro-credit or preferential loan schemes for any industrial 
sector at present.  However, his Government had provided a VAT exemption (amounting to 
US$51,345 in 2002) for the financ ial rehabilitation of the Tajik Aluminium Plant on the import of 
basic raw materials, energy and equipment used by the plant.  Tariff rebates on electricity and 
customs duties had also been provided. 
173. Noting the statement by the representative of Tajikistan that Tajikistan was not providing 
subsidies of the kind defined in Article 1.1(a)(1)(i v) of the ASCM, a Member requested confirmation 
that Tajikistan would not provide any such WTO-in consistent indirect subsidies in the future.  
The Member also sought confirmation that Tajikista n would not invoke any of the provisions of 
Articles 27, 28 or 29 of the ASCM.  Tajikistan was also requested to submit a subsidy notification 
covering all types of programmes pursuant to Article  25 of the Agreement.  The Member also noted 
that, although the relevant provisions of the ASCM would normally apply in proceedings under 
Parts II, III and V of the Agreement, the importing Member might have to resort to alternative 
methodologies in cases where special difficulties would arise as the prevailing terms and conditions in 
Tajikistan would not be availa ble as appropriate benchmarks. 
174. In reply, the representative of Tajikistan c onfirmed that Tajikistan would not provide any 
indirect subsidies inconsistent with the ASCM from the date of accession.  He further confirmed that 
Tajikistan would administer any subsidy programmes in place or established after accession, at all 
levels of Government, in conformity with the WT O Agreement.  Tajikistan did not intend to invoke 
any of the provisions of Articles 27, 28 and 29 of th e Agreement.  A draft subsidies notification would 
be submitted in due course. 
175. [The representative of Tajikistan confirmed th at, from the date of accession, Tajikistan would 
not maintain subsidies which met the definition of  a prohibited subsidy, within the meaning of 
Article 3 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Counter vailing Measures, and did not seek transitions to 
provide for the elimination of all such measures.  Further, he confirmed that any subsidy programme 
in place or established after accession within the te rritory of Tajikistan would be administered in 
conformity with the WTO Agreement on Subsidi es and Countervailing Measures.  In addition, 
Tajikistan would provide a subsidy notification to the Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing 
Measures in accordance with Article 25 of the Agreement upon entry into force of Tajikistan's 
Protocol of Accession.  He also confirmed that Ta jikistan would not invoke any of the provisions of 
Articles 27, 28 and 29 of the Agreement on Subs idies and Countervailing Measures.  The Working 
Party took note of these commitments.] WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 54  
 
  - Technical barriers to trade,  standards and certification 
176. The representative of Tajikistan said that a ne w Law "On Technical Regulating" had entered 
into force on 1 January 2010.  This Law had been prepared to bring the standards and certification 
regime of Tajikistan in conformity with the pr ovisions of the Agreement on Technical Barriers to 
Trade (TBT Agreement).  He added that a new Law No. 668 "On Standardization" of 
29 December 2010 had also been adopted.  With the adoption of these new Laws, several of the 
existing laws or legal acts regulating standards,  technical regulations and conformity assessment 
procedures would be replaced, harmonized or ame nded, including the Law "On Certification of 
Products and Services" of 13 December 1996; the La w "On Provision of Unif ied Measurements" of 
15 May 1997; the Law "On the Protection of Consumer Rights" of 15 May 1997; and Resolution No. 97 "On Protection of Consumer Market of th e Republic of Tajikistan against Poor Quality 
Products" of 16 March 1999.  He presented an ac tion plan in document WT/ACC/TJK/18 detailing 
the on-going reforms in this area.  He added that , in accordance with Government Regulation No. 54 
of 12 February 2010, the system of technical regulations, standards, conformity assessment and 
metrology was to be reformed.  Tajikistan was developing a new draft Law "On Conformity 
Assessment".  Implementing (normative legal) acts for the new Law "On Technical Regulating" were 
also in preparation. 
177. Asked what measures had been, or would be, ta ken by Tajikistan to ensure that standards 
(as opposed to technical regulations) were no longer mandatory and that goods no longer needed to be 
certified for compliance with standards before impo rtation, the representative of Tajikistan said that, 
with the entrance into force of  the new Law on Technical Regulations, standards had become 
voluntary.  However, in practice, many of them had been transformed into technical regulations, 
which were compulsory, which had resulted in thousands of goods requiring certification.  
New technical regulations would replace all existing (mandatory) standards within seven years of the 
entry into force of the new Law and certificati on of goods would thereafter be in accordance with 
WTO rules and disciplines. 
178. Standards and certification requirements were appl ied to provide for the safety or quality of 
goods, work and services; to protect the environment, health, life, property, and labour conditions; to 
protect consumers' interests and rights; to ensure  the unity of measurements; and for defence and 
national security considerations.  He added that t echnical regulations were applied to protect human 
life and health; to prevent deceptive practices or acti ons that would mislead consumers; to protect the 
environment; and to protect animal or plant life or health.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 55 
 
 
  179. Having reviewed the Law "On Technical Regulati ng", a Member noted that Article 5.1 of the 
Law included "protection of economic interests" as  one of the objectives which was not consistent 
with the legitimate objectives for technical regulations set out in Article 2.2 of the TBT Agreement.  
Furthermore, Article 5.2 of the Law while enumera ting the basis for developing technical regulations 
appeared to have omitted the principles of non- discrimination and proportionality (avoidance of 
unnecessary obstacles to trade); and Article 13.7 of  the Law did not seem to fully follow the 
recommendation of the Code of Good Practice concer ning deviations from international standards.  
In response, the representative of Tajikistan said th at the Law "On Technical Regulating" would be 
amended for full compliance with the TBT Agreement. 
180. At present, the Agency on Standardization, Metrology, Certificati on and Trade Inspection 
("Tajikstandart") was responsible for the preparation,  adoption and application of standards, technical 
regulations and conformity assessment procedures.  Tajikstandart had been designated as Tajikistan's 
TBT enquiry point and the agency responsible for notifications, publications and all other 
transparency-related provisions stipulated in th e TBT Agreement.  The enquiry point could be 
contacted at: 
 Agency on Standardization, Metrology, Certification and Trade Inspection 
 42/2 Nemat Karaboev Street 
 734018, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan  Telephone:  +(992 37) 233 68 69  Fax:  +(992 37) 251 01 74  E-mail: info@standatd.tj 
181. He added that the journal "Standarty va Sipha t", circulated on a quarterly basis, published 
notices of proposed technical regulations and conf ormity assessment procedures.  Tajikstandart had 
also developed a website (www.standard.tj) to  disseminate information and publish notices of 
proposed standards, certification requirement s and conformity assessment procedures.  
On notifications of draft measures during th e process of developing and adopting technical 
regulations, he said that Tajikistan would comp ly with the notification requirements of the 
TBT Agreement. 
182. In compliance with Resolution No. 97 "On Protec tion of Consumer Market of the Republic of 
Tajikistan against Poor Quality Products" of 16 March 1999 (as amended by  Government Regulation 
No. 486 of 1 October 2008), Tajikstandart had deve loped a "Nomenclature of Products and Services 
(Works) Subject to Mandatory Certification" an d procedures had been approved to certify food and 
other products brought in and out of Tajikista n.  This nomenclature had subsequently been 
harmonized with other CIS countries.  The proce dures for the importation of certified products were 
outlined in pages 53 to 54 of WT/ACC/TJK/17.  Th e certification requirements in place for imported WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 56  
 
  or exported food and other products applied equally to products for domestic trade.  Tajikstandart 
issued "certificates of compliance" for the purpose of consumer protection and product safety, but did 
not apply quality controls in issuing such certifi cates.  He presented a list of goods subject to 
mandatory certification (Table 12), noting that  the list applied equally to imported and 
domestically-produced goods and that the products  listed had been reduced through Resolution 
No. 450 of 2 September 2010.  He added that Ar ticle 24 of the Law "On Technical Regulating" 
provided for a transitory regime during which a ll current legal documents containing mandatory 
requirements (standards, sanitary regulations, building regulations, et c.) would be either converted 
into technical regulations or abolished. 
183. At present Tajikistan applied international standards (ISO), its own national standards 
(STRT), interstate CIS standards (G ОSТ), interstate CIS standards harmonized with IS О 
(GОSТ ISО), and the standards of other countries w ith which bilateral agreements had been 
concluded, such as Belarus and Ukraine.  More than 21,500 standards had been established in 
Tajikistan; mainly interstate CIS standards (20, 500), State standards of Tajikistan (around 350), as 
well as standards based on bilateral agreements. 
184. Tajikstandart represented Tajikistan in in ternational and regional standardization 
organizations.  Tajikistan had signed the CIS Agr eement on coordinated policy in Standardization, 
Metrology and Certification of 13 March 1992, as well as the Protocol of 20 June 2000 on changes 
and amendments to this Agreement.  Tajikista n was a member of the CIS Interstate Council on 
Standardization, Metrology and Certifi cation.  Interstate CIS standards (G ОSТ) were developed by an 
Intergovernmental Council comprising representati ves of the Member-States, and approved and 
registered in compliance with the 1992 CIS Agr eement, as amended in 2000.  Article 1 of this 
Agreement envisaged the harmonization of the new GOST requirements with in ternational, regional 
and leading national standards.  The level of su ch harmonization had reached 45 per cent by 2010.  
In response to specific questions, he confirmed th at the signatories to the CIS Agreement were not 
required to adopt CIS standards as technical regulations , and that interested parties were accorded the 
opportunity to comment on draft standards. 
185. The representative of Tajikistan said that his G overnment had signed bilateral agreements on 
cooperation in standardization, metrology and cer tification with the Governments of Armenia, 
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Iran, Turkey and Ukraine.  He  stated that if an international agreement signed 
and ratified by Tajikistan stipulated rules other than those contained in its national legislation, then the 
rules of the international agreement would prevail.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  186. Asked about Tajikistan's accepta nce of conformity assessment procedures in the absence of 
mutual recognition agreements, he said that Article 16 (paragraphs 1 and 2) of the Law "On Technical 
Regulating" provided for the recognition of the r esults of conformity assessment and conformity 
marks in accordance with procedures establis hed by the Government of Tajikistan. 
187. Fees for certification were based on Document RD 50-002-2002 of the Ministry of Economy 
and Trade on "Standards of labour output ratio and order of work payment on verification and 
calibration of medium of measurement, standard ization and certification of products, services and 
accreditation of testing units".  He added that Ta jikistan no longer differentiated between domestic 
and imported products in levying fees for standa rds, certification and conformity assessment.  
He stated that all fees for certification would be  brought into compliance with the national treatment 
principle upon accession.  The Law "On Technical Re gulating" stipulated the principle of equal 
treatment.  Fees for certification were charged on an MFN basis.  Recognition procedures were 
applied instead of certification procedures in cases where mutual recognition agreements existed. 
188. Responding to specific questions, the representative of Tajikistan added that the functions of 
"Tajikstandart" related to standard ization and technical regulation would be separated with the entry 
into force of the Law "On Technical Regulating".  A national standardization body would be created, 
charged with the development of standards.  The bod y with adhere to the Code of Good Practice.  
Draft standards would be developed by minist ries and technical committees and submitted to the 
standardization body for approval.  An "Authori zed Body for Technical Regulation" would be 
established within the Ministry of Economic Devel opment and Trade.  The authorized body would be 
responsible for policy development and implementati on issues in the area of technical regulation.  
The authorized body would cooperate closely with the national standardization body, in particular 
with its technical committees.  Procedures provi ding for the recognition of conformity assessment 
results performed outside of Tajik istan would also be established. 
- Sanitary and phytosanitary measures 
189. The representative of Tajikistan said that Artic le 12 of the Law "On Government Regulation 
of Foreign Trade Activity" of 3 September 1999 stipulated that imported goods had to comply with the established technical, pharmacological, sanitary , veterinary, phytosanitary and ecological 
standards and requirements of Tajikistan. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  190. Tajikistan was a Member of the World Organi zation of Animal Health (OIE), the WHO 
Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), the CIS and 
Euro Asian Economic Community Intergovernmental  Veterinary Council, and was considering 
joining the European Organization for the Protecti on and Quarantine of Plants.  Tajikistan applied 
FAO standards for "Safe and/or Harmless Fodders and Fodders Additives" a nd cooperated with the 
FAO on veterinary matters.  In vi ew of Tajikistan's membership of OIE (since 1993), Codex and IPPC 
(since October 2010), his Government was taking step s to harmonize Tajikistan's legislation on food 
safety, animal and plant health with internationa l standards.  Tajikistan would only use standards 
different from those of the OIE, IPPC and the Codex Alimentarius Commission pursuant to the objectives and conditions stipulated in Article 2, paragraphs 1 and 2 of the WTO Agreement on the 
Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). 
191. The Ministry of Health was responsible for human health and food safety.  Human health 
regulations were based on Law No. 419 "On Protection of Health of the Population" of 15 May 1997.  
As for sanitary measures, the Ministry of Health  had been setting medical and biological norms or 
certifications on hygiene for certain imported c onsumer goods, including foodstuffs, medications, 
chemicals, raw materials and minerals in accordance  with the Law "On State Sanitary Inspection" of 
20 July 1994.  This Law had been revoked and re placed by Law No. 49 "On Provision of Sanitary - 
Epidemiological Security of the Population" of  8 December 2003, which regulated the sanitary 
inspection of imports in Articles 14, 15, 39 to 41. 
192. Food quality, safety, labelling and packaging were regulated by Law No. 54 "On the Quality 
and Safety of Food Products" of 10 May 2002.  Food stuff could not be sold if it was of poor quality, 
suspected to be counterfeit, did not include the presc ribed marks or labelling information, if its shelf 
life had expired, or if it did not meet the applicab le standards/technical regulations.  In response to 
specific queries, he added that this Law did not specify any mandatory requirements for food quality 
such as moisture content, appearance or amount of weed seed.  For instance, determination of how 
much weed seed would cause a shipment of grain to be rejected was made based on IPPC standards.  
Food additives were regulated pursuant to Law No. 54 of 10 May 2002 and Law No. 49 
"On Providing Sanitary Epidemiological Safety  of the Population" of 8 December 2003.  
Food additives could only be imported,  marketed or used if they were certified by the State Service on 
Sanitary-Epidemiological Surveillance to comply with the applicable rules.  New food products, 
materials and articles manufactured locally or importe d into Tajikistan for the first time were subject 
to State registration pursuant to Article 10 of La w No. 54 of 10 May 2002.  The registration was 
performed by the authorized State bodies on sanitary-e pidemiological control and veterinary control 
in accordance with Government regulations.  St ate registration involved the examination of  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 59 
 
 
  documentation, including test results (as necessary ), provided by the manufacturer or supplier.  
Applications were processed within 3 days for perishables, and 30 days for other food products.  
Certificates of registration were issued for items in cluded in the registry.  The certificate entitled the 
holder to manufacture, import or distribute the item throughout the territory of Tajikistan.  Each item had to be registered separately.  The fee, based on the processing costs, was 145.30 Somoni (US$33).  The procedures were the same fo r imported and domestic products. 
193. The State Veterinary Control Service under the Ministry of Agriculture was responsible for 
measures related to animal health.  A new Veteri nary Law No. 674 of 29 December 2010, as well as 
Decree No. 182 of 3 April 2007, regulated veterina ry services and related measures, entitlements or 
responsibilities of animal owners, quarantine procedur es and other institutional or legal issues related 
to the veterinary services.  Tajikistan was a Member of  the OIE and, in his view, its legislation in this 
area complied with the SPS Agreement and other inte rnational rules and disc iplines (Veterinary and 
Sanitary Codes, Paris 2000 and 2003).  Tajikistan w ould continue to align its import policies for live 
animals and animal products with the recommenda tions put forward by OIE and international 
standard setting bodies. 
194. In accordance with Article 6 of the Veterinary Law, when assessing hazards to life and health 
of animals and humans, and when developing a nd adopting SPS measures, the competent authority 
had to take into account inter alia  the disease status of specific areas (prevalence of specific diseases, 
existence of low occurrence or disease -free areas), rather than the stat us of the country.  Live animals 
and animal products were subject to mandatory ve terinary inspection at the border crossing points 
pursuant to the Veterinary Law.  Import permits fo r animals and animal products were issued by the 
Veterinary Service under the Ministry of Ag riculture (Table 13).  Information on the 
veterinary-sanitary requirements and the veterinary certificate for the importation of meat and poultry 
products was provided in Annexes 1,  2 and 3 of document WT/ACC/TJK /17.  The Veterinary Service 
verified the veterinary status of the exporting country as determined by OIE reports, recommendations 
and other available information.  The main criteri on to approve/deny import permits was the epizootic 
status or the prevalence of diseases in the exporting country listed in Table 14(b).  Refusals to issue a 
permit could be appealed to the superior body of the State Veterinary Service or to the courts.  
The bodies responsible for border control were guided by the International Convention on 
Coordination of Border Cargo Control Terms of 21 Oc tober 1982.  In reply to a specific question, he 
said that the State Veterinary Service did not ha ve a documented methodology for conducting a pest 
risk analysis (PRA) that would be available to the public.  Completed PRAs were not published and 
were not publically available. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  Table 13:  List of Goods Subject to Veterinary Certificate 
CC FEA Commodity Description Type of Certificate 
01 Live animals Veteri nary certificate No. 5 a 
14 Vegetal products for animals Veterinary certificate No. 5 b 
05 Pedigree materials (sperm, embryos, incubative 
materials, caviar, etc.) Veterinary certificate No. 5 c 
04, 01 Milk and dairy products Veterinary certificate No. 5 d 
02, 01 Meat and meat products,  including meat of livestock 
and wild animals Veterinary certificate No. 5 e 
05 Animal stocks  Vete rinary certificate No. 5 f 
 
195. With regard to phytosanitary measures, th e representative of Tajikistan said that the 
Phytosanitary and Quarantine Servi ce (formerly the Service of the St ate Inspectorate on Phytosanitary 
and Plants Quarantine) under the Ministry of Agricu lture was the agency responsible for controls and 
measures related to plant quarantine, effected pursuant to Law No. 498 "On Plant Quarantine" of 
26 March 2009 (replacing Law No. 25 "On Plant Quaran tine" of 12 May 2001).  He said that the new 
Plant Quarantine Law had been adopted  to comply with WTO requirements.   Draft legislation 
specifying import requirements was being devel oped.  Asked about Tajikistan's phytosanitary 
certification system and border plant quarantine inspection measures for imported or transiting 
commodities, the representative of Tajikistan said th at a list of quarantine pests and diseases had been 
established (Table 14(a)).  This list was available to  any interested party at all border crossings and 
any changes to the list would be reflected on the we bsite of the Phytosanitary and Quarantine Service 
(www.fitosanitariya.tj/ru).  Phytosanitary certificates  were issued when examinations confirmed the 
absence of objects requiring quarantine.  For goods in  transit, the examination covered the transport 
means as well as exterior examination of the cargo.  In reply to a specific question, he said that 
Tajikistan allowed fumigation with  aluminium phosphide ("Katfos"), upon request, or if the imported 
plant was suspected of being infested.  Other acce ptable treatments, such as cold treatments and 
irradiation, were also recognized, but were not applie d in Tajikistan.  He adde d that Tajikistan had no 
specific standards regulating pesticide residues in  imported food, but would continue to introduce 
Codex Alimentarius standards, including the list of internationally recognized pesticide Maximum 
Residue Limits (MRLs).  He added that, as a member of the IPPC, Tajikistan was implementing all of 
its recommendations. 
196. Tajik institutions responsible for control, in spection and approval procedures in accordance 
with Annex C of the SPS Agreement were the Agency  of Standardization, Metrology, Certification 
and Trade Inspection (Tajikstandart); the Sanitary and Epidemiologic Inspectorate 
(for pharmaceutical and medical products); the Co mmittee for Protection of the Environment; the 
Veterinary Service; and the Phytosanitary and Quar antine Service.  Asked to clarify the division of  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  responsibilities between the agencies in charge of phytosanitary matters, he said that the Committee 
for Protection of the Environment was responsible  for the protection and rational use of natural 
resources, including plants of a forestry nature, wh ile they were still part of  the natural environment 
(i.e. "living").  The Phytosanitary and Quarantin e Service was the lead agency responsible for 
quarantine control and laboratory analysis of imported a nd exported plants and goods of plant origin 
(including lumber, logs and wood chips), as well as a ny other matter related to international trade in 
such goods.  No other agencies were re sponsible for phytosanitary matters. 
197. The representative of Tajikistan said that, as per the checklist submitted by Tajikistan in 
document WT/ACC/TJK/9, his Government did not intend to introduce any new standards, animal 
health and food safety regulations, which did not comply with the SPS Agreement.  Provisions and 
basic principles of the SPS Agreement which at pr esent were not specifically or fully covered by 
domestic legislation in Tajikistan included (i) the transparency requirements and the establishment of 
a single enquiry point (Article 7 and Annex B of th e SPS Agreement); (ii) regulations to be based on 
science (Articles 2.2, 3.3 and 5.2 of the SPS Agreement); (iii) equivalence (Article 4 of the SPS Agreement); (iv) risk assessment (Article 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 of the SPS Agreement); and 
(v) provisions concerning regional conditions (A rticle 6 and Annex A of the SPS Agreement).  
Tajikistan intended to amend the laws "On the Qualit y and Safety of Food Products" (with technical 
assistance from the FAO), "On Plant Quarantine", "On Ensuring of Sanitary-Epidemiological Control 
of the Population", and to adopt an SPS-compliant Law "On Plant Protection". 
198. Concerning equivalence, he said that the new Veterinary Law (Article 9) had introduced 
equivalence provisions that, in his view, complied w ith Article 4 of the SPS Agreement.  He added 
that other SPS-related legislati on would be amended to meet the requirements of Article 4 of the 
SPS Agreement.  The bodies responsible for equivale nce would be the State Veterinary Service and 
the Department for Veterinary Border and Transport Control. 
199. On risk assessment, he said that there were no prescribed legal procedures for risk assessment 
in the area of food safety.  However, as a member  of Codex Alimentarius, Tajikistan would ensure 
that any independent risk assessment for food safet y would be in full compliance with international 
norms and guidelines.  The methodology and criteria to  assess risk and to determine whether a plant 
or animal pest or disease was no-risk, low-risk, c ontrolled-risk or high-risk was monitoring by the 
relevant agencies.  The responsible authorities we re the State Phytosanitary and Quarantine Service 
and the State Veterinary Service for plant and animal  pests or diseases, respectively.  The Committee 
for the Protection of the Environment was responsible  for the assessment of risks related to pesticides. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 62  
 
  200. Asked to describe the procedure for importa tion of certified products, the representative of 
Tajikistan said that process of assessment of confor mity with mandatory requirements (certification) 
was aimed at determining that the goods intende d for importation met the mandatory requirements 
prior to importation.  Conformity assessment (certi fication) was limited in time to seven days, or 
two days (for perishable goods) from the moment th e goods appeared at the border.  This time limit 
did not refer to the validity of the phytosanitary cer tificate.  He confirmed that a certificate from the 
central competent authority of the exporting country  was acceptable, as long as there was a bilateral 
agreement on mutual recognition of results of conformity assessment between Tajikistan and the 
exporting country. 
201. A Member urged Tajikistan to establish laws or  procedures providing for prior publication of 
proposed SPS measures, notification to the WT O, and reasonable timeframes for comments from 
Members. 
202. In response, the representative of Tajikistan  said that work was underway to address the 
notification and transparency obligations of the SPS Agreement.  Pursuant to Article 4 (Item 2) of 
Law No. 56 "On Normative Legal Acts " of 25 February 2009, draft lega l acts could be made available 
for public review, and the comments received could be  reviewed and taken into consideration during 
finalization of the draft.  Although the line ministri es were not legally obliged to disseminate draft 
SPS legislation, some ministries and departments presented drafts through websites, bulletins and periodicals or in round-table discussions.  For instan ce, the State Veterinary Service made information 
on animal health requirements available in the Veterinary Journal publis hed quarterly and had 
established a website – www.tva.tj.  He added that  his Government had set up a single enquiry and 
notification point within the Ministry of Agricu lture (Order No. 133 of 5 October 2010) which had 
been fully operational since the end of 2010.  The enquiry and notification point could be contacted 
at: 
 Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Tajikistan 
 44 Rudaki Avenue 
 734025, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan  Telephone:  +(992 37) 221 15 96  Fax:  +(992 37) 221 16 28 
 E-mail:  saidnuriddin-84@mail.ru 
203. Concerning Tajikistan's position with respect to high/low path avian influenza virus in 
imported poultry and poultry products and in relation to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in beef and live cattle exports, he said that OIE guidance was followed for importation from countries on 
the basis of the status of a country, zone or co mpartment.  Imports of poultry from countries where  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 63 
 
 
  avian influenza had been detected were temporarily  prohibited.  Domestic poultry was subject to the 
same treatment.  No cases of BSE had been identified in Tajikistan and no policy measures were in 
place with respect to this disease.  OIE would be notified and its guidelines w ould be followed in the 
event of an outbreak of BSE. 
204. A Member noted that Tajikistan's import requi rements for meat and poultry products were not 
always in line with the recommendations of the OIE po inting, for instance, to Tajikistan's treatment of 
meat and meat products subject to defrosting in the course of the storage period; meat and meat 
products with salmonella or other activators of ba cterial infections; or meat containing preserving 
agents.  Tajikistan was asked to consider aligning its requirements with international standards.  It was 
also noted that Tajikistan was banning imports of pr oducts treated with bio stimulators, antibiotics and 
hormones, and that similar bans had been found in consistent with the SPS Agreement.  Tajikistan was 
requested to remove this ban upon accession unless it wa s able to demonstrate the compliance of this 
measure with WTO Agreements.  In addition, Tajik istan was asked to repeal the prior permission 
requirement affecting the import of meat and meat products. 
205. The representative of Tajikistan replied that Tajikistan would amend its requirements in 
accordance with international practice.  He poi nted to the new Veterinary Law No. 674 of 
29 December 2010, which provided for the developmen t and adoption of veteri nary-sanitary measures 
taking into consideration scientific data, interna tional standards, instructions and recommendations, 
based on the risk assessment and implementati on of methodology develo ped by international 
organizations, including the OIE.  The Veterinary Authority was developing a list of microbiological, 
chemical-toxicological and radiological indicators for poultry and red meat.  Concerning the prohibition on importation of meat containing preserving agents, he said that Tajikistan was considering introducing amendments to its legislati on to eliminate this provision.  He acknowledged 
that the import ban on bio stimulators, antibiotics an d hormones remained in force.  The ban was, in 
his view, based on the Terrestrial Animal Health C ode of the OIE.  Howeve r, Tajikistan intended to 
reconsider the ban and regulate the importation of  products with bio stimulators, antibiotics and 
hormones in accordance with WTO rul es and best international practices.  Tajikistan also planned to 
reconsider the prior permission requirement upon WTO accession. 
- Trade-related investment measures  
206. The representative of Tajikistan said that his Government did not apply any investment 
measures that did not comply with the rules and disciplines of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related 
Investment Measures. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 64  
 
  - Free zones, special economic areas 
207. The representative of Tajikistan said that work was underway to develop the necessary 
infrastructure and legal framework for free zones or fr ee economic zones in Tajikistan.  To this end, a 
new Law No. 700 "On Free Economic Zones" had been  adopted on 25 March 2011.  Free zones or 
free economic zones had been established in "Da ngara", "Ishkoshim", "Pyang" and "Sughd" pursuant 
to Government Regulations No. 227 of 2 Ma y 2008 and No. 74 of 2 February 2009. 
208. Free zones or free economic zones were defined as a detached territory within the territory of 
Tajikistan, the perimeter of which was considered th e customs border of Tajikistan.  Pursuant to Law 
No. 700 "On Free Economic Zones" of 25 March 2011,  any activity not prohibited by the legislation 
of Tajikistan could be performed in the free economi c zones.  The Government would have the power 
to establish priorities and the list of prohibited activit ies.  In addition, a number of specific prohibited 
activities were identified in Resolutions Nos. 1 146 of 20 October 2008 (FEZ "Sughd"); 1147 of 
29 October 2008 (FEZ "Pyang"); and 1545 of 20 January 2010 (FEZ "Ishkoshi m" and "Dangara").  
These activities were banned for national security reasons and included the (i) production, processing, 
storage, sale of narcotics drugs, psychotropic subs tances and precursors; (ii) production, processing, 
storage, disinfection, sale of hazardous and radi oactive materials; (iii) economic and commercial 
activities related to security and national defence,  as well as production, processing, storage and sale 
of weapons, ammunition, explosiv es, narcotics and psychotropic s ubstances; (iv) import on the 
territory of FEZ of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, w eapons, ammunition and other goods, 
the sale and transportation of which was restricted in Tajikistan; and (v) treatment of aggressive forms 
of mental illness and infectious diseases. 
209. Goods imported or exported from such zones were  not subject to customs duties and internal 
taxes.  However, pursuant to Article 270.1 of th e Customs Code, goods produced in free zones or free 
economic zones would be subject to normal tariffs,  taxes and other customs requirements if sold 
elsewhere in Tajikistan.  He confirmed that WTO provisions would apply within the territory of any 
free economic zones established in Tajikistan, and th at importers and exporters in these zones would 
have recourse to administrative and judicial appeals on the same basis as elsewhere in Tajikistan.  Asked to confirm that the right of firms to estab lish and operate in free zones or special economic 
areas did not depend on export performance, trade ba lancing or local content requirements, he said 
that Law No. 700 "On Free Economic Zones" of 25 March 2011 defined the conditions for firms to 
establish and operate in the free economic zones and ensured that the right of firms to establish and 
operate in free zones or special economic area s did not depend on export performance, trade 
balancing or local content requirements.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 65 
 
 
  210. The new Law "On Free Economic Zones" entitled all natural or legal persons, foreign or 
domestic, to operate and es tablish enterprises within the zone.  Any activity not explicitly prohibited 
by the law would be permitted in the zone for a pe riod of 50 years.  The benefits accorded to domestic 
and foreign operators, included:  tax breaks (ex cept on social contribution payments for employees 
and personal income tax); import duty relief (excep t for the customs declaration fee) for goods 
imported that were used for export or consumpti on within the zone; protection from confiscation, 
requisition or nationalization and from "trade policy measures"; access to foreign currency without 
restrictions; the right to transfer profits or fore ign currency receipts from operations within the zone; 
and a simplified regime for foreigners ente ring, staying or departing from the zone. 
211. According to the Customs Code, licenses a nd customs charges for establishing a customs 
warehouse, a duty-free shop, a free warehouse and a temporary warehouse had been eliminated.  
However, registration requirements  applied to legal persons in th eir capacity as owners of warehouses 
of temporary storage, customs warehouses, duty -free shops and customs brokers (representatives).  
No fees were charged for the registration.  Howeve r, as set out in Article 384.1 of the Customs Code, 
if necessary, activities could only be undertaken upon payment of a security deposit or a guarantee. 
212. The representative of Tajikistan confirmed that from the date of accession any free zones or 
other special economic zones in Tajikistan would be  established, maintained and administered in 
conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement, including the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and the Agreement on Trad e-Related Investment Measures, and that 
Tajikistan would apply the provisions of the WTO Agreement in all of its free zones or special 
economic zones.  He further confirmed that the righ t of firms to register and operate in these zones 
would not be subject to export performance, trade ba lancing, or local content criteria requirements.  
In addition, goods imported into the zones under provisions that exempt imports from customs duties 
and certain taxes which were then re leased to the rest of the customs territory of Tajikistan, would be 
subject to those duties and taxes and customs fo rmalities when entering the rest of the customs 
territory of Tajikistan.  If those imported goods were reprocessed within the territory of the free zones 
or other special economic zones, the duties and taxes for those goods were to be paid when the final 
products would be entering the rest of the customs territory of Tajikistan.  The Working Party took 
note of these commitments. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  - Government-mandated barter and counter-trade  
213. The representative of Tajikistan said that Tajikis tan did not engage in Government-mandated 
counter-trade or barter.  He noted that the Tajik Aluminium Plant bartered primary aluminium for raw 
materials and production equipment and that the volume of this trade was determined by the Ministry 
of Economy and Trade and his Government.  He c onfirmed that the Tajik Aluminium Plant was not 
subject to any import substitution or export performance requirements. 
- Government procurement 
214. The representative of Tajikistan said that  Law No. 168 of 3 March 2006 – which had 
abolished and replaced Law No. 511 "On Government Procurement of Goods, Works and Services" 
of 12 December 1997 – regulated government proc urement procedures and practices.  This Law had 
been drafted taking fully into account the UNCITRAL (UN Commission on International Trade Law) 
model law.  Enhancing participation and compe tition among domestic and fo reign suppliers was one 
of the main objectives of the existing government  procurement legislation.  The new Law had 
removed the previously existing restrictions on the participation of foreign suppliers and stipulated 
equal opportunities for domestic and foreign supplier s to participate in government procurement.  
Article 9 of this Law identified the "buying orga nizations-participants in government procurement", 
namely (i) budget funded organizations, State aut horities and enterprises; (ii) utility organizations 
funded by the local budget; (iii) local authorities; (iv) funds having specific purpose and established 
using State assets; (v) joint stock companies and jo int enterprises where the State had more than 
50 per cent of stock or founding capital; and (vi) St ate-owned banks performing internal procurement. 
215. Tajikistan had established a State procuremen t agency under the Ministry of Economy and 
Trade, responsible for government procurement since 2001.  The State procurement agency performed its activities in accordance with domestic  law, and the recommendations, norms, legal 
documents or standards of UNCITRAL, the Wo rld Bank, and the International Development 
Association. 
216. The procedures for government procurement were  initiated by a Government body or entity 
submitting a request, including the nomenclature and pr ocurement conditions, to the authorized State 
procurement agency.  The authorized agency, join tly with the concerned Government ministries, 
would then set up a tender commission and invite the participation of interested parties in a tender 
through the mass media, i.e. national television a nd radio, and printed media.  Open competitive 
bidding was the main method used for tenders.  A minimum of three participants was required for a 
quorum.  The same quorum was envisaged for pr ocurement in a two-stage bidding method.   WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 67 
 
 
  The authorized State procurement agency also used  alternative procurement methods such as requests 
for proposals, requests for quotations and single source procurement.  The procurement method 
chosen depended on factors and criteria such as th e size and volume of the procurement contract, its 
duration, the type of product or service involved a nd the characteristics of th e market concerned.  
At the end of the period stated in the tender i nvitation, the Tender Commission would open the sealed 
bids, and announce the preliminary result and winning bid.  The State procurement agency, jointly 
with the concerned Government ministries, would ex amine the qualifications of the declared winner 
and decide whether to award the tender.  An ag reement and a Tender Commis sion protocol would be 
prepared for signature.  One copy of each documen t was sent to the State procurement agency for 
safe-keeping; the Ministry of Finance for the paym ent of dues; and the concerned Government entities 
and winning bidder for the implementation of the pr ocurement order.  He noted that government 
procurement was increasingly effected through tenders (Table 15). 
Table 15:  Government Procurement Tenders 
Indicator 2006 2007 2008 
Tenders conducted 2,390 3,309 3,355 
Total government proc urement agreements 
concluded (thousand Somoni) 110,713 199,556 282,815 
 
217. The representative of Tajikistan confirme d Tajikistan's willingness to accede to the 
Agreement on Government Procurement.  Tajikis tan was willing to become an observer to the 
Agreement upon accession, and submit an application fo r membership with a coverage offer within 
one year after accession to the WTO. 
- Transit 
218. The representative of Tajikistan said that goods co uld transit through the customs territory of 
Tajikistan freely and without restriction, except fo r goods, works or services specified in Resolution 
No. 111 "On Measures to Improve Foreign Economi c Activities in the Republic of Tajikistan" of 
19 February 1997.  In accordance with this resolution,  transit was restricted for (i) uranium and other 
radioactive substances, nuclear technologies, applia nces, equipment or plants and other sources of 
radiation including radioactive waste; (ii) gunpowde r, explosives and related waste; (iii) drugs and 
psychotropic or toxic substances; (iv) military equi pment, arms and munitions, spare parts, military 
works and services, including engineering or documentation for military production, military 
uniforms and related items for military use; (v ) cryptographic devices, including cryptographic 
equipment, spare parts and cryptographic software ; (vi) mineralogy and palaeontology materials, 
information on mineral resources and oilfields in Tajikistan, including charts, maps and drawings; WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  (vii) works of art, collectables and antiques of si gnificant artistic, historical, scientific and cultural 
value; and (viii) endangered wild animals and birds. 
219. Within the framework of the customs unions  to which Tajikistan was a signatory, the 
"Agreement on Unified Transit Conditions via Te rritories of Customs Union Member-States" of 
22 January 1998 had entered into force on 4 January 1999.  The objective of this Agreement was to 
unify customs legislation, customs processing, transit controls; to eliminate barriers and restrictions 
on transit; and to facilitate trans it trade in the member States. 
220. Transit trade was significant in Tajikistan give n its geographical location.  His Government 
had been a member of the Economic Cooperation Or ganization (ECO) Transit Trade Agreement since 
April 1996.  Tajikistan fulfilled its international commitments on transit as an ECO member.  
The ECO Transit Trade Agreement covered transportation by road, rail, sea and air. 
- Agricultural policies 
(a) Imports 
221. The representative of Tajikistan said that the im port of agricultural goods did not differ in any 
respect from the import of non-agricultural goods.  Ag ricultural products were not subject to special 
duties.  Imports of plants, animals, and products thereof, were subject to sanitary and phytosanitary 
requirements in accordance with existing legislation. 
222. He confirmed that Tajikistan did not apply an y of the measures prohibited under Article 4.2 
of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, such as qua ntitative import restrictions, variable import 
levies, minimum import prices, discretionary import licensing, non-tariff measures maintained 
through State trading enterprises, voluntary export re straints, and similar border measures other than 
ordinary customs duties. 
(b) Exports 
223. The representative of Tajikistan said that exports  of agricultural products were governed by 
the same general rules, disciplines and procedures applied to non-agricultural exports.  Tajikistan 
provided no direct export subsidies for agricultura l products.  Export credits and export guarantee 
schemes were also currently not in use. 
224. Some Members welcomed Tajikistan's inten tion to bind export subsidies at zero upon 
accession.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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    (c) Internal policies 
225. The representative of Tajikistan provided in formation on domestic support and export 
subsidies in agriculture during 2001-2003 in document WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/3, and for the period 
2003 to 2005 in documents WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/3/R evisions 1 and 2.  During 2003 to 2005, 
Tajikistan provided "green box" support averagi ng Somoni 25.3 million (US$8.3 million) per year, 
mainly on infrastructural services and public stockholding of wheat (in 2005).  Tajikistan also 
reported measures with reference to  Article 6.2 of the Agreement on Agriculture, primarily in the 
form of foreign-funded non-repayable investment  grants.  All "amber box" support fell below the 
10 per cent de minimus threshold during the reporting period. 
- Trade in civil aircraft 
226. The representative of Tajikistan said that aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof were subject to 
a 5 per cent import duty (Decree No. 450 of 25 October 2003).  The import of aircraft was not subject 
to any licensing requirements. 
227. In response to a specific query, the representa tive of Tajikistan indicated that Tajikistan 
intended to accede to the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft upon accession. 
- Textiles Regime 
228. The representative of Tajikistan said that Ta jikistan had signed a Textile Trade Agreement 
with the European Community in July 1993, subsequently extended until 31 December 2003.  Tajikistan had been accorded the status of a standard  beneficiary country in the European Union, and 
enjoyed a 15 per cent reduction in the MFN ta riffs on textile exports to this market. 
V. TRADE-RELATED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME 
- GENERAL - Industrial property protection 
229. The representative of Tajikistan said that Article 40 of the Constitution established the 
principle of protection of intellectual property ri ghts (IPR).  Tajikistan aimed at achieving world 
standards in intellectual property rights (IPR) prot ection by improving and developing its legislation; 
establishing competent bodies and executive authoriti es to enhance implementation and enforcement; 
strengthening judicial procedures and the court system; and increasing public awareness of 
intellectual property protection. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  230. Detailed information on the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Trade Related 
Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) was provided in documen t WT/ACC/TJK/10 and its 
Revision 1.  The Legislative Action Plan (WT/ ACC/TJK/7 and its Revisions) also highlighted 
legislation enacted or pending to bring Tajikis tan's legislation into conformity with the 
TRIPS Agreement. 
- Responsible agencies for policy formulation and implementation 
231. The representative of Tajikistan said that the ag encies responsible for IPR policy formulation 
and implementation were (i) the National Centre  for Patents and Information (NCPI) under the 
Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, inter alia  responsible for the protection of inventions, 
industrial designs, trademarks, service marks and appella tions of origin; (ii) the Division of Copyright 
and Related Rights under the Ministry of Culture; (iii) the State Commission on Plant Varieties within 
the Ministry of Agriculture, responsible for protection of plant varieties; (iv) the Department for 
Anti-monopoly Policy and Development of Comp etition within the Ministry of Economic 
Development and Trade, responsible for impl ementing the competition policy legislation of 
Tajikistan, including provisions prohibiting unautho rized use of trademarks, trade packaging and 
undisclosed business information; (v) the Customs Se rvice, responsible for the implementation of 
special border measures; and (vi) other Government  agencies and organizations such as the Supreme 
Economic Court and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. 
- Participation in international intellectual property agreements 
232. The representative of Tajikistan said that Ta jikistan had acceded to the World Intellectual 
Property Organization (WIPO) in January 1994.  On industrial property protection, Tajikistan had 
ratified and implemented the Convention Establis hing the WIPO; the Paris Convention for the 
Protection of Industrial Property; the Madrid Agre ement Concerning the International Registration of 
Marks; the Nice Agreement Concerning the Interna tional Classification of Goods and Services for the 
Purposes of the Registration of Marks; the Lo carno Agreement Establishing an International 
Classification for Industrial Designs; the Patent  Cooperation Treaty; the Strasbourg Agreement 
Concerning the International Patent Classificati on; the Budapest Treaty on the International 
Recognition of the Deposit of Micro-organisms for th e Purposes of Patent Procedure; and the Nairobi 
Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol. 
233. Tajikistan was a Party to the Universal Copyri ght Convention since 1992.  It had acceded to 
the Berne Convention for the Protection of Litera ry and Artistic Works in March 2000; the Rome 
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of Perfo rmers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  Organizations in May 2008; and the WIPO Copyright Treaty in April 2009.  The Division for 
Copyright and Related Rights was considering and pr eparing the accession of Tajikistan to the WIPO 
Performances and Phonograms Treaty; the Convention for the Protection of the Interests of Producers 
of Phonograms from Illegal Broadcasting of thei r Phonograms (the Geneva Convention); and the 
Convention Relating to the Distribution of Pr ogramme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite 
(the Satellite Convention). 
234. Tajikistan was represented in the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of 
Plants (UPOV).  His Government had submitted an application to join the UPOV Agreement in 2003.  
The UPOV Secretariat was reviewing this application. 
235. Within the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the following 
Agreements had entered into for ce in Tajikistan:  (i) the Agreement "On Measures for Industrial 
Property Protection and on Creation of the Inte rstate Council on Industrial Property Protection 
Matters" of 12 March 1993; (ii) the Agreement "On Cooperation on Suppression of Infringements in 
the Field of Intellectual Property" of 6 March 1998; (iii) the Agreement "On Measures to Prevent the Use of False Trademarks and Geographical Indica tions" of 4 July 1998; and (iv) the Agreement 
"On Mutual Security of Interstate Secrets in th e Field of Industrial Property" of 4 June 1999.  
Tajikistan had also signed and ratified the Euro-Asi an Patent Convention in 1995.  This Convention 
had established an inter-State system of inventio n protection on the basis of common patents.  
The common patents were valid throughout the contrac ting States, i.e. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, 
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, the Ru ssian Federation, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. 
236. On a bilateral level, Tajikistan had made  intellectual property commitments under the 
Bilateral Trade Agreement with the United States of 1993.  The National Centre for Patents and 
Information (NCPI) of the Ministry of Economic  Development and Trade had signed a Mutual 
Cooperation Agreement with the Russian Agency  on Patents and Trademarks (ROSPATENT).  
The Division on Copyright and Related Rights also  had bilateral agreements with the copyright 
organizations of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, the Russian Federation and Uzbekistan. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  - Application of national and MF N treatment to foreign nationals 
237. The representative of Tajikistan said that the intellectual property rights legislation of 
Tajikistan provided for MFN treatment to all forei gn nationals.  National treatment was also provided 
with some qualifications or exceptions, as long as th is would not contradict the provisions of other 
international agreements to which Tajikistan w as a signatory.  The exception to national treatment 
concerned a differential fee structure for foreign a nd domestic nationals.  He noted that non-resident 
Tajik nationals, or foreign legal entities which did not have permanen t establishments in Tajikistan, 
had to register patents or trademarks thr ough patent attorneys accredited with the NCPI. 
- Fees and taxes 
238. The representative of Tajikistan said that a temporary measure, set out in Decree No. 533 
"On Regulations of State Patent Fees" of 28 No vember 1994, had established different fees, and 
different methods for tabulating the fees for foreign nationals and c itizens of Tajikistan.  Fees were 
charged for legal procedures and a pplications to grant and renew i ndustrial property protection, to 
register licence agreements, and to lodge appeals with  the Appeal Board of the NCPI.  Fees were also 
charged for copyright and related rights.  The fees and charges are enumerated in Table 16. 
239. Asked to update the Working Party on the elimin ation of the discriminatory and differential 
fee structure, he said that Tajikistan planned to adopt  a system that would differentiate on the basis of 
per capita income (UN calculations).  Citizens of  countries with per capita income of less than 
US$3,000 would be entitled to a preferential fee (r egardless of the nationality of the applicant).  
He added that new patent fees would be implemen ted through a Government Resolution by mid-2011. 
- SUBSTANTIVE STANDARDS OF PROTECTION, INCLUDING PROCEDURES 
FOR THE ACQUISITION AND MAINTENA NCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 
RIGHTS 
- Copyright and related rights 240. The representative of Tajikistan said that La w No. 726 of 13 November 1998 "On Copyright 
and Related Rights", as amended in 2003, 2006  and 2009, governed copyright protection in 
Tajikistan.  Tajikistan had been a member of th e Berne Convention since 2000, the Rome Convention 
since 2008 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 2009.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  241. In accordance with Articles 5 and 6 of the Law "On Copyright and Related Rights", 
protection was extended to "scientific, literary and artistic works that were the product of creative 
work, regardless of the purpose, the merit and the manner of expression thereof".  
Copyright protection was provided to authors of or al works (speeches, reports , etc.), literary works 
(scientific, educational, including computer progr ammes of both source text and objective code), 
audio-visual works, derived works, etc.  In respon se to a specific query, he confirmed that copyright 
protection also extended to photographs and photographic works. 
242. As provided for in Articles 17 and 42 of the Law, the term of copyright protection in 
Tajikistan was the lifetime of the author and 50 year s after his/her death.  Other related rights were 
protected for 50 years from the first fixation or pe rformance.  Provisions for the protection of moral 
rights, during the author's lifetime and indefinitely after his/her death, were provided for in 
Article 1130 of the Civil Code and Articles 15 and 17  of the Law "On Copyright and Related Rights".  
Copyrighted works that were first published up to  30 years after the author's death were accorded 
protection for 50 years following the authorized publication.  The term of protection under the previous copyright legislation (Article 493 of the Tajik Civil Code of 1965) had been 25 years.  
Works, whose terms of protection of 25 years had e xpired before the entry into force of the new Law 
in November 1998, had become public property.  Ho wever, if a work was still under protection as of 
13 November 1998, then its term of protection ha d been extended to 50 years.  The retroactivity 
principle, which was in accordance with Articles 14 .6 and 70.2 of the TRIPS Agreement, had also 
been extended to sound recordings, i.e. the rights of performers and producers of phonograms, with 
amendments to the Law "On Copyright and Related Rights" introduced in 2009. 
243. The representative of Tajikistan said that, although copyright and related rights were 
transferable, in full or in part, and on an exclus ive or non-exclusive basis, the royalties or minimum 
(but not maximum) remuneration payable to right holders were subject to Government regulation 
(Government Decrees No. 252 of 1 July 1999;  No. 37 of 4 February 2002; and No. 351 of 
1 August 2006).  In practice, the remuneration w as fixed by the contracting parties by mutual 
agreement with due consideration given to the type , difficulty, volume and significance of the work, 
as well as the qualifications of the author. 
244. The representative of Tajikistan further explaine d that the principle of national treatment was 
respected and provided for in Articles 4 and 30 of the Law "On Copyright and Related Rights" 
(as amended in Law No. 162 of March 2006).  He st ated that Tajikistan provided copyright protection 
in conformity with Article 3 of the TRIPS Agreement. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  245. Asked about the points of attachment for the protection of foreign sound recordings and 
whether Tajikistan would join the Geneva Phonogr ams Convention, the representative of Tajikistan 
said that Articles 30 and 42 of the Law "On Copyright and Related Rights" protected the rights of 
foreign performers and phonogram producers.  Tajikist an had also acceded to the Rome Convention, 
and thus accorded full protection to phonogram pr oducers.  With regard to providing producers of 
sound recordings an exclusive right to public perfo rmance and transmission in either analog or digital 
format, he noted that Article 35 of the Law gave  phonogram producers remuneration rights and a right 
to public performance.  The Law had been amende d in 2006 to provide for transmission rights of 
public performances in digital medium (additions to Articles 34 and 35). 
- Trademarks, including service marks 
246. The representative of Tajikistan said that trad emarks were protected in accordance with the 
Law No. 234 "On Trademarks and Service Marks" of  5 March 2007.  In his view, the provisions of 
this Law were in conformity with the provisions of the TRIPS Agreement, including with respect to 
Articles 15.5, 16.2, 19.1 and 21 of the Agreement. 
247. Trademarks and service marks were defined as "designations, capable of individualization 
(distinguishing the) goods, works and services of legal entities or natura l persons engaged in 
commercial activities"
.  In response to concerns by a Member that the definition of a trademark was 
very limited, the representative of Tajikistan stated  that Article 7 of the Law "On Trademarks and 
Service Marks" provided for the registration of verbal, figurative, three-dimensional and other 
designations or their combinations.  Furthermor e, the "Rules for Filing and Consideration of 
Application for the Registration of Trademarks and Service Marks", approved by Decree No. 7 of the 
Ministry of Economic Development and Trad e of 25 February 2008, provided that 
"other designations", referred to in Article 7 of the Law, also covered, but were not limited to, sound 
and light.  He added that this list was not exhaustive.  He added that , as provided for in Article 18 of 
the Law, the ten-year term of protection for trad emarks was renewable, upon request by the right 
holder during the last year of the term, for additional periods of ten years. 
248. Article 20 of the Law "On Trademarks and Serv ice Marks" provided for the publication of 
information on registration.  The opportunity to objec t to the registration of a trademark was given to 
third parties only after publication of the registered  trademark in the Official Gazette (Article 33).  
Only natural or legal persons engage d in entrepreneurial activities had the right to register trademarks.  
The rationale for this limitation was to prevent wrongful registration, as well as overloading the 
register with inoperative trademarks.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  249. Protection to well-known marks was provided fo r in Articles 23 and 24 of the Law.  
Procedures for the registration of a well-known ma rk were stipulated in the "Rules for the 
Recognition of a Trademark as Well Known in Tajik istan", adopted by the Ministry of Economic 
Development and Trade, in July 2007.  Whet her a mark was well known was determined by:  
(i) territory of use; (ii) period of use; (iii) res ources spent on advertising; and (iv) recognition of the 
mark.  Specialized organizations would conduct sociological surveys to determine the latter.  
Tajikistan protected trademarks and well-known marks without registration, in accordance with the 
Madrid Agreement by decision of the A ppellate Council of the Patent Agency. 
250. Asked whether a mark that did not appear on the well-known mark registry would still be 
entitled to well-known mark status and protection pursu ant to Article 16 of the TRIPS Agreement, he 
said that the Law "On Trademarks and Service Marks" did not extend the entitle well-known mark 
status to unregistered marks and that such mark s were consequently not afforded the protection 
applicable to a well-known trademark.  As of 1 Janua ry 2011, no applications for the registration of a 
well-known mark had been received and there were no entries of well-known marks in the registry. 
251. Articles 33 and 34 of the Law "On Trademarks and Service Marks" set criteria for the 
termination of protection for a well-known mark.  Article 34 of the Law allowed for the cancellation 
of registered trademarks upon submission of a petiti on, and a Court decision to that effect, on the 
grounds of non-use for an uninterrupted period of three years from the date of registration, or for a period of five years prior to the submission of th e Court petition.  Other grounds for cancellation of 
registered trademarks included the expiry of the te rm of protection; liquidation of the owner of the 
trademark; a trademark being recognized as i nvalid; and a trademark owner having voluntary 
surrendered the trademark.  In response to a spec ific query on the implications of the Law No. 533 
"On State Language of the Republic of Tajikistan"  of 5 October 2009, he said that this Law had 
designated the Tajik language as the State language .  The new Law, however, did not have any 
implications for the registration and use of foreign trademarks.  Foreign trademarks could be used in 
their original form and content, as registered at  the appropriate trademark or patent office in 
Tajikistan. 
252. He recognized that Article 21 of the TRIPS Ag reement explicitly prohibited the compulsory 
licensing of trademarks and confirmed that no provisions permitted the compulsory licensing of a 
trademark in Tajikistan.  The Law "On Trademar ks and Service Marks" granted the owner of a 
trademark the right to transfer (Article 30) or assi gnment (Article 31), while not conditioning the right 
to transfer on the transfer of business. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  - Geographical indications, including appellations of origin 
253. The representative of Tajikistan said that geogra phical indications were protected pursuant to 
Law No. 236 "On Geographical Indications" of 5 March 2007.  Registrations of appellations of origin 
had previously been undertaken on the basis of Te mporary Regulations "On Appellation of Origin and 
Grant of the Right to Use It" of February 1995. 
254. Article 1 of the Law "On Geographical Indica tions" defined geographical indications as 
"a general term for designation of an appellation of origin a nd an indication of source".  
An appellation of origin was defined as "a designa tion which is or contains a contemporary or 
historical name of a country, settlement, location or other geographical object (or a derivative from 
such designation) and which has become known as a r esult of its use in respect of a good the specific 
quality and features of which are essentially or ex clusively defined by natural conditions and/or 
human factors specific to a given geographical object".  In turn, indi cation of source was defined as "a 
designation directly or indirectly indicating the true place of origin or manufacture of the good".  Legal protection of geographical indications was provide d on the basis of registration, or by virtue of 
inclusion in international treati es that Tajikistan had ratified. 
255. In accordance with Article 22.2(b) of the TRIPS Agreement, the legal means provided to 
interested parties to prevent misleading use of a ge ographical indication, or any use that constituted an 
act of unfair competition within the meaning of Article 10 bis of the Paris Convention, was provided 
for in the Law "On Trademarks and Service Ma rks" (Article 8), the Law "On Geographical 
Indications" (Article 16), and Article 7 the La w "On Competition and Restriction of Monopoly 
Activity in the Commodity Markets" of 10 November 2000.  The Competition Law provided interested parties an opportunity to file petitions with the State Anti-Monopoly Agency, which would consider the infringements of the Law and take decisi ons within the limits of its competence (set by 
Article 20 of the Competition Law). 
256. He added that additional protection of geogr aphical indications for wines and spirits, 
as stipulated in Article 23 of the TRIPS Agreement,  was provided for in Article 16 (paragraph 2) of 
the Law "On Geographical Indications" and Articles 8 (paragraph 4) and 9 (paragraph 3) of the Law 
"On Trademarks and Service Marks" .  Asked whether a prior-in-time trademark would have priority 
over a conflicting later-in-time geographical indicati on, the representative of Tajikistan said that the 
Law did not provide for priority of a geogra phical indication (appellation or origin) over a 
prior-in-time trademark, nor did the Law provide for a prior-in-time registered trademark to co-exist 
with a later-in-time geographical indication.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  257. The term of protection of a geographical indi cation was indefinite, as long as the criteria for 
protection were met (Article 6 of the Law "On Geographical Indications").  Article 12 provided a 
ten-year period for the validity of certificates, whic h granted the right to use geographical indications 
to users; this period was renewable for another ten years. 
258. Asked whether the Law "On Geographical Indi cations" provided for the registration of 
foreign geographical indications, the representative of Tajikistan said that such cases were regulated 
in Article 8 of the Law.  Applications for regist ration of foreign geographi cal indications should be 
accompanied by a certification of the right in the country of origin and a description of the goods.  On the other hand, Article 15 of the Law allowe d Tajik natural and lega l persons to register 
geographical indications, which were re lated to the territory of and alr eady registered in Tajikistan, in 
foreign jurisdictions. 
259. The representative of Tajikistan added that  Article 18 of the Law "On Geographical 
Indications" provided for the possibility to challeng e the registration of geographical indications and 
the issuance of certificates.  The grounds for invalid ation of registered geographical indications and 
certificates were contained in Article 19.  In respon se to a specific question, he said that Tajikistan did 
not have a specific system for third party opposition in case there was a dispute over a trademark or 
geographical indication (i.e. a "publication for opposition" stage). 
- Industrial designs 
260. The representative of Tajikistan said th at Law No. 16 "On Industrial Designs" of 
28 February 2004 formed the legislative basis for the protection of industrial designs, replacing a 
temporary Regulation "On Invention, Utility Models  and Industrial Designs" of 1994.  Tajikistan 
provided protection for an industrial desi gn representing "novelty and originality" 
(Article 5, paragraph 2).  The in itial term of protection was for ten years, with the possibility of 
extension for a period of not more than five years (A rticle 6, paragraph 4).  The protection of textile 
designs, as stipulated in Article 25.2 of the TRIPS Agreement, was provided in Article 6.7 of the Law 
"On Copyright and Related Rights". 
- Patents 
261. The representative of Tajikistan said that Law No. 17 "On Inventions" of 28 February 2004 
governed patent protection in Tajikis tan.  The Law was, in his view, in conformity with the provisions 
of the TRIPS Agreement, having replaced a tempor ary Regulation "On Inventions, Utility Models and 
Industrial Designs" of 1994. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  262. In accordance with Article 6 of the Law "On I nventions", patent prot ection was provided for 
inventions considered new, involving an inventive step, and industrially applicable.  The commercial 
exploitation of proposals or solutions contrary to public interests or principles of humanity and 
morality were not recognized as patentable subject matter under the Law "On Inventions".  Scientific 
theories and mathematical methods; methods of or ganization and the management of the economy; 
conventional signs, schedules and rules; algorithms and computer programmes; rules and methods for 
performing mental acts; lay-out designs of construc tions, buildings etc.; and proposals solely related 
to aesthetics and the external appearance of manufact ured products were not recognized as inventions 
and were thus also exclude d from patent protection. 
263. Patent protection was granted for a period of twenty years from the date of filing of the 
application with the NCPI.  If a petty patent was converted into a patent, the 20 year term of 
protection applied from the date of filing the appl ication for a petty patent.  As provided for in 
Article 26 of the Law, the rights conferred on the pa tent or petty patent holder included the exclusive 
right to manufacture, use, import, sell and in an y other way put to commercial use the patented 
product or process.  The patent also gave the holde r the right to prohibit the use of the patented 
inventions by other persons, except in cases where such use, in accordance with the Law, did not 
constitute an infringement of the patent owner's exclusive right. 
264. Pursuant to Article 30 of the Law "On Inventio ns", the exclusive right of the holder did not 
preclude the use of a patented invention for non- commercial purposes (scientific research, emergency 
situations, exhaustion of rights, etc.).  Althoug h these exceptions did not, in his opinion, unreasonably 
conflict with a normal exploitation of a patent  and did not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate 
interests of the patent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties, he 
acknowledged that the text in Article 30 of the La w "On Inventions" did not fully match the language 
used in Article 30 of the TRIPS Agreement.  He adde d that Tajikistan was reviewing its legislation to 
ensure compliance with specific proposals to be put forward over the course of 2011. 
265. On compulsory licensing, he said that Article 28 of the Law "On Inventions" provided for the 
issue of compulsory licenses in compliance with Ar ticle 31(a) through (l) of the TRIPS Agreement.  
Compulsory licenses could be issued for reasons of unjustifiable non-use or insufficient use during a 
minimum period of five years, and after efforts to  obtain a licence on reasonable terms had failed; in 
case of national emergency or similar situations; and in the circumstances foreseen in Article 31(l) of the TRIPS Agreement.  Compulsory licenses were non-exclusive and non-assignable.  The decision of 
a court to issue a compulsory licence was communica ted to all parties concer ned.  Importation would 
be considered "use" of a patent in Tajikista n.  Disputes concerning application of the Law  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  "On Inventions" and its provisions  related to compulsory licensing were resolved in Court 
(Article 37).  He said that the Law would be ame nded to ensure full compliance with Article 31(f) of 
the TRIPS Agreement, i.e. use to be authorized pr edominantly for the supply of the domestic market.  
He added that Tajikistan was also reviewing its legislation to ensure compliance with 
Articles 31(l)(i) to (iii) of the TRIPS Agreement with specific proposals to be put forward over the 
course of 2011. 
266. As for process patents, he said that Article 5 of the Law "On Inventions" in his opinion 
fulfilled the requirements of Article 34.1(a) of th e TRIPS Agreement regarding reversing the burden 
of proof to the defendant. 
- Plant variety protection 
267. The representative of Tajikistan said that th e new Law No. 672 "On Protection of Plant 
Varieties" of 29 December 2010 granted patents for the protection of plant varieties.  With the 
adoption of this new Law, Law No. 119 "On Sel ection Achievements of Agricultural Crops" of 
4 November 1995, as amended in 2002 and 2004, had been repealed.  The Regulation of the State 
Commission "On Sort Tests of Agricultural Cr ops and Protection of Plants", Law No. 25 
"On Quarantine of Plants" of 19 May 2001, and the Regulation "On the Service of the State 
Phytosanitary and the Quarantine of Plants", approved by Governmental Resolution No. 372 of 1 August 2008) also provided the legislative basis for protection of plant varieties.  In his opinion, the new Law "On Protection of Plant Varieties" was compliant with the UPOV Convention and 
Article 27.3(b) of the TRIPS Agreement. 
268. The representative of Tajikistan noted that  Tajikistan was seeking to join the UPOV 
Convention.  The application had been submitte d in 2003 and was still pending.  The comments 
received from the UPOV Secretariat had been incor porated into Law No. 672 "On Protection of Plant 
Varieties" of 29 December 2010. 
269. He added that patents were obtained by filing an application with the State Commission on 
Plant Varieties under the Ministry of Agriculture. 
- Layout designs of integrated circuits 
270. The representative of Tajikistan said that Part 3, Article 1126 of the Civil Code referred to 
layout designs of integrated circuits as "protected  objects".  However, rather than according protection 
through the Law "On Inventions", Tajikistan had introduced a separate Law No. 218 "On the Legal 
Protection of Electronic Integrated Circuits" of 22 December 2006. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  - Requirements on undisclosed information,  including trade secrets and test data 
271. The representative of Tajikistan said that Articles 152-154 of the Civil Code protected 
undisclosed information.  In addition, Article 7 of Law No. 147 "On Competition and Restriction of 
Monopoly Activity in Commodity Markets" of 10 N ovember 2000 also restricted the acquisition, use 
and disclosure of scientific, technical, industrial or commercial information, including commercial 
secrets, without the consent of the owner.  Howe ver, Article 7 of Law No. 147 did not apply to 
Government entities, including entities responsible for approval of pharmaceutical or agricultural 
chemical products.  Protection in these instances wa s provided in accordance with Article 152 of the 
Civil Code, which required Government entities to protect commercial secrets. 
272. The Pharmacology Centre at the State Me dication Examination Centre, under procedures 
approved by the Ministry of Health, was res ponsible for keeping all tests and other data  related to the 
marketing of pharmaceutical products in Tajikistan.  Pursuant to Government Resolution No. 391 of 
October 2002, the State Laboratories on Standardiza tion, Certification and Licensing of Veterinary 
Drugs had also been set up for the marketing of  pharmaceutical products using new chemicals and 
protection from unfair commercial use. 
273. In response to a concern raised on how the prot ection of commercial secrets, as provided for 
in Article 152 of the Civil Code, might not pr ovide sufficient guarantees about reliance when 
Tajik Government authorities were tasked to re view data submitted by companies seeking marketing 
approval for pharmaceuticals, the representative of Tajikistan said that Tajikistan would amend the 
relevant legislation in order to meet the require ments of Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement with 
specific proposals to be put forward over the course of 2011. 
274. Asked whether Tajik legislation would be amended to ensure co mpliance with Article 39.2 of 
the TRIPS Agreement, he said that Article 153 of the Civil Code would be amended and the 
expression "there is free legitimate access to it" woul d be replaced by "absence of free access to it on 
a legal basis".  He added that neither the Civil C ode nor the Law "On Competition and Restriction of 
Monopoly Activity in Commodity Markets" required his Government to preclude reliance by a second applicant for registration of a pharmaceutical or drug on the basis of marketing data submitted 
by the first applicant for marketing approval. 
275. As for Tajikistan's compliance with Article 39.3 of the Agreement, he said that the use of 
undisclosed test and other data, without the owner's consent, was deemed a form of unfair competition 
pursuant to Article 7 of Law No. 147 and was cont rary to Article 16 of the Law "On Inventions", 
which stipulated that all materials submitted in th e course of the application process were confidential  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 81 
 
 
  prior to publication, and could not be disseminated to third parties.  Furthermore, Article 153 of the 
Civil Code protected official and commercial secr ets of real or potential commercial value.  
Article 278 of the Criminal Code provided for liabilit y for unauthorized dissemination to third parties. 
- MEASURES TO CONTROL ABUSE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 
276. The representative of Tajikistan said that th e abuse of intellectual property rights was 
controlled by means of compulsory licensing and the right to prohibit unfair competition in Tajikistan.  
Provisions of the temporary Regulations "On I nventions, Utility Model and Industrial Designs" 
(Article 10), the Law "On Inven tions" (Article 28), the Law "On Trademarks and Service Marks" 
(Article 24) and the Law "On Competition and R estriction of Monopoly Activity in Commodity 
Markets" provided recourse to measures in cases of abuse of IPR protection. 
- ENFORCEMENT - Civil judicial procedures and remedies 
277. The representative of Tajikistan said that civil judicial procedures and remedies were 
provided for in Articles 11, 12, 15, 152 and 171 of the Civil Code.  Part III of the Civil Code included 
further provisions for the protection and enforcem ent of intellectual property.  Penalties for the 
infringement of intellectual property rights were al so provided for in the Administrative Violations 
Code (Chapter 22).  Provisions regarding the co llection of evidence were contained in the Civil 
Procedure Code (Articles 33, 39, 40 and 41) and the Criminal Procedure Code (Articles 63 and 80). 
278. In response to questions on the seizure or destruction of infringed goods and damages 
awarded for IPR violations in civil cases, the represe ntative of Tajikistan said that Article 15 of the 
Civil Code provided for the complete indemnificati on of the losses of the intellectual property right 
holder in cases of infringement.  Destruction of th e infringed goods, and the materials or equipment 
used in their production, was carried out in accordance with Article 847 of the Administrative 
Violations Code and Article 80 of the Criminal Procedure Code.  Furthermore, in accordance with 
Article 48 of the Law "On Copyright and Related Ri ghts", right holders were conferred the right to 
demand from the infringer the paymen t of compensation in the amount established by the Court or the 
surrender, in place of the payment of damages,  of revenue derived by the infringer from the 
infringement.  The Law also provided for the cessati on of acts infringing or liable to infringe the 
rights of the copyright holder.  Counterfeited goods or works seized in Tajikistan could, upon request, 
be handed over to the copyright holder or destroyed.  Compensat ion for losses was provided for in 
Article 32 of the Law "On Trademarks and Service Ma rks".  Article 156 of the Criminal Code defined WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  "significant damage" with regard to infringement of  patents or copyright and related rights as damage 
exceeding 1,000 calculation indicators (i.e. US$8,0 00 or 35,000 Somoni).  There were no such 
thresholds defined in the Civil Code or the Ad ministrative Violations Code, as these codes provided 
protection and remedies regardless of the amount of damage. 
279. Responding to a question from a Member, the representative of Tajikistan said that the 
"calculation indicator" was a unit utilised for the cal culation of taxes, duties and other charges and 
penalties.  It was adjusted annually, taking into acc ount the rate of anticipated inflation, as provided 
for in the Law on the State Budget.  For 2011, the calculation indicator for taxes, duties and other charges was 40 Somoni, and for penalties 35 Somoni (US$9 and US$8, respectively). 
280. He added that it was necessary to create patent courts in Tajikistan as presently all 
patent-related disputes were considered by the Boar d of Appeals in the NCPI, and in some cases, the 
Supreme Economic Court of Tajikistan. 
- Provisional measures 
281. The representative of Tajikistan said that provisional measures for the protection of 
intellectual property were available pursuant to the Civil Procedure Code (Articles 33, 38, 41 and 
142 to 147) and the Economic Procedure Code (Artic les 54, 71 and 72).  However, existing provisions 
did not grant judges the authority to order injunctions inaudita altera parte , and the Codes would be 
amended to provide indemnificati on to the defending party for harm caused by unjustified provisional 
measures. 
- Administrative procedures and remedies 
282. The representative of Tajikistan said that Tajik istan's legislation envisaged administrative 
procedures and remedies if the nature of the infri ngement or violation of intellectual property rights 
did not constitute a criminal offence under existing laws.  Administrative decisions or orders could be 
appealed in the courts, as provided for in Article 11 of the Civil Code.  District (municipal) Courts 
were authorized to examine such cases. 
283. Violations of copyright and related rights were subject to administrative fines and the 
confiscation of such works or goods in accordance with Articles 375 to 381 and 847 of the Code of 
Administrative Violations of 31 December 2008.  Fines were imposed not less than two months from 
the date of infringement, and ranged from 3 to 300 calculation indicators.  The fines ranged from 
5 to 400 calculation indicators for repeat offences .  Article 376 of the Code included penalties for 
illegal manufacture, import, sale, or rent of pirated optical media.  Detailed administrative procedures  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  were set out in the legislation to determine and ve rify the violation of rights, to take the necessary 
administrative decisions and, if necessary, to prep are the case for court.  The Ministry of Internal 
Affairs (Department to Combat Against Infringements of Intellectual Property Rights) and the 
Prosecutor's Office were responsible for implem enting administrative measures and penalties.  
Final decisions on administrative fines were taken by the district (municipal) judicial courts.  
Provisions on the confiscation of infringing goods a nd implements used to create them were contained 
in Article 45 of the Code of Administrative Violations. 
284. Administrative remedies were also available pursuant to Articles 9 and 16 of the Law 
"On Competition and Restriction of Monopoly Activity in Commodity Markets" for the unauthorized use of trademarks and illegal use of undisclosed inform ation, etc.  However, fines were not applied on 
the basis of this Law as the Civil Code, the Code of Administrative Violations and the Criminal Code 
were more relevant for matters of  intellectual property protection. 
- Special border measures 
285. The representative of Tajikistan said that the Customs Code (Chapter 54) contained 
provisions on special border measures.  In addition,  relevant provisions were reflected in Resolution 
No. 185 "On Adopting the Decision on Rules of Customs Control Over the Movement of Goods 
Containing Objects of Intellectual Property" of 30 April 2002, in Instruction No. 337-f "On the Manner of Control of Goods Containing Objects of IPRs" of 10 October 2005, and in other legislative 
acts.  He added that to date, these measures provide d for in the legislation had never been invoked. 
286. A new regulation to implement the CIS Heads of State Decision "On Rules for Customs 
Control of Transfer across the Customs Border of Goods Containing Intellectual Property Objects" 
was being developed.  Item 10 of the CIS Heads of State Decision entitled custom bodies to suspend 
or withdraw the release of goods that contained in tellectual property if evidence indicated that the 
goods were counterfeit.  Decisions on the merits of a case were referred to the judicial authorities of 
Tajikistan.  Provisions for the suspension of rel ease of counterfeit or pi rated goods, upon written 
request from the right holder or his/her representativ e, were also provided for in Chapter 54 of the 
Customs Code and Section V(5.7) of the Instructi on "On the Manner of Control of Goods Containing 
Objects of Intellectual Property Rights".  He consid ered these provisions to be in conformity with 
Article 55 of the TRIPS Agreement.  Chapter 54 of th e Code also applied to the exportation of fake or 
pirated goods from Tajikistan.  These special borde r measures applied to the transit movement of 
counterfeit or pirated goods, except in respect to goods  transiting in international postal shipments.  
Pursuant to Article 444 of the Customs Code, pr ovisions for the suspension of release were not 
applied to goods with objects of intellectual prope rty carried through the border by physical persons, WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  or sent in international postal shipments in "insi gnificant quantities", if such goods were intended for 
personal use and non-commercial activities.  Aske d to provide more precision to the term 
"insignificant quantities", he referred to Governme nt Resolution No. 544 which allowed simplified 
customs formalities for goods imported for personal use within a value limit of US$1,000 and weight 
limit of 50 kilograms.  The value limit amounted  to 150 calculation indicators for goods shipped via 
international mail. 
287. An application for invoking special border meas ures had to be accompanied by an appropriate 
collateral.  The procedure by which a right holde r submitted collateral to custom bodies in Tajikistan 
was outlined in the CIS Heads of State Decision.   He added that the collateral or financial 
commitment guaranteed the refund of costs incu rred by the customs body and compensation, if 
necessary, to the importer.  Provisions to establish th e amount of the collateral and the refund of costs 
incurred by a custom body were in preparation. 
288. In accordance with Item 8 of the CIS Heads of  State Decision and Article 442 of the Customs 
Code, an applicant or declarant could take samp les and photos for an expert examination of the 
suspected counterfeit or pirated goods.  Article 442  of the Code developed further the procedures 
relating to the right of inspection and information.   The Customs body could provide the right holder 
with information he/she might need to prove the violation of his/her rights such as the address and 
other details of the consignor, expor ter or importer, as well as data on the quantity of goods suspended 
or withdrawn from release by Customs. 
289. The existing legislation did not establish conditions for the customs authorities to act 
ex officio  nor for public officials to be held liable wh en acting in bad faith.  Some Members urged 
Tajikistan to address the deficiency and amend its legi slation to ensure TRIPS compliance in this area.  
In response, the representative of Tajikistan said that  Tajikistan would amend its legislation to ensure 
TRIPS compliance in this area.  Relevant proposals to this effect were being drafted and their 
adoption was anticipated in the course of 2011. 
- Criminal procedures 
290. The representative of Tajikistan said that the Crimin al Code (Articles 156, 275, 277, 278, 294, 
298, and 301) established criminal penalties for th e wilful infringement of copyright and patents 
(Article 156), trademarks (Article  275), unauthorized acquisition or di sclosure of commercial or bank 
secrets (Articles 277 and 278), unfair competition and the deception of consumers (Article 294), and 
the unauthorized access or acquisition of (undisclo sed) computer information (Articles 298 and 301).  
The level of counterfeit activity considered "signifi cant damage" that could be subject to criminal  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  prosecution, including imprisonment had been define d by Article 156 of the Criminal Code, and had 
been set as damages exceeding 1,000 calculation indicators (i.e. US$8,000 or 35,000 Somoni). 
291. Asked about measures in place to address domestic production of pirated optical media 
(videos, CDs, DVDs) or the inter-State trade in pi rated goods and to monitor black market operations, 
he said that a Department for Fighting Crime Rela ted to Intellectual Prope rty had been established 
within the Directorate for Fighting Organized Cr ime in the Ministry of Internal Affairs.  
The Department directly intervened or coordinate d its activities with other law enforcement agencies 
to prevent, detect, and contain trade in pirate d or counterfeit goods.  The Department was also 
involved in raids and confiscation of such goods. 
292. In accordance with Article 122 of the Criminal Procedures Code, criminal investigations and 
cases were pursued by the Office of the Public Prosecutor.  The Prosecutor's Office had processed 
55 criminal cases in 2003, 135 cases in 2004 and 86 cases between 2006 and 2009.   Penalties, as set 
out in the Criminal Code, ranged from 200 to 1,500 calculation indicators and/or imprisonment for up 
to five years for copyright, patent or other industr ial property infringements.  For repeat offences, and 
following the exhaustion of available administrative remedies, criminal penalties for the illegal use of 
trademarks ranged from 1 to 2,000 calculation indicat ors and/or imprisonment for up to six months, or 
disciplinary works for up to two years. 
293. A Member noted the inconsistencies between Article 80 of the Criminal Procedure Code 
which allowed "goods with no value and that can't be used" to be destroyed or transferred, upon 
request, to "appropriate organizati ons" and Article 61 of the TRIPS Agreement which provided for the 
"seizure, forfeiture, and destruction of any mate rials in the commission of the offence" without 
exceptions for goods with "no value and that can't  be used".  In response, the representative of 
Tajikistan acknowledged the underlying  inconsistencies and said th at Tajikistan would amend its 
legislation to meet the requirements of Article 61 of the TRIPS Agreement. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  VI. POLICIES AFFECTING TRADE IN SERVICES 
[Tajikistan submitted an initial offer on spec ific commitments in services in February 2004 
(WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/2).  The latest revised offer is dated 15 April 2011 
(WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/2/Rev.5). ] 
294. The representative of Tajikistan said that servi ces accounted for about 47.9 per cent of GDP.  
Trade in services had increased ten-fold over the last decade from US$50.2 million in 1998 to 
US$515.5 million in 2010.  Services incidental to mining and transportation services were the 
principal service sectors in Tajikistan.  Tourism, education, communications and construction services 
were also important. 
295. As a transition economy the State's role in th e provision of services had evolved, and been 
reduced over time, in tandem with an increasing ro le of the private sector.  The Ministries and 
Government bodies responsible for services trade in Tajikistan included the Ministry of Economy and 
Trade; the Ministry of Finance; the Ministry of Transport and Communication; the Ministry of Energy; the Ministry of Health; the Ministry of Edu cation; the Ministry of Justice; the Ministry of 
Culture; the Ministry of Agricultu re; the Ministry of Industry; the Ministry of Water Resources; 
the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection; th e National Bank of Tajikistan; the State Unitary 
Tourism Enterprise "Sayoh"; and the Government  Committee on Architecture and Construction. 
296. Responding to a question from a Member, the representative of Tajikistan said that few 
limitations on market access and national treatment for services were imposed.  He further added that 
Law No. 260 of 12 May 2007 "On Investments", whic h had replaced the Law on Foreign Investments 
of 10 March 1992, did not impose any obligation to hire local workforce. 
297. Concerning legal services, he said that foreign legal entities had the right to set up affiliates 
and representative offices in Tajikistan in accord ance with the Civil Code.  As per the Law 
"On Advocacy" of 4 November 1995, Tajikistan recognized, on a mutual basis, the rights of foreign 
lawyers to provide legal services on its territory withou t the right or requirement to open legal offices.  
Consistent with the existing legislation, foreign la wyers were allowed to apply and obtain a licence to 
practice in Tajikistan on the same basis as local candidates, if he/she had a diploma of higher 
education in law from Tajikistan, or a diploma fro m other CIS countries acknowledged by Tajikistan.  
Article 210 of the Economic-Procedur al Code governed the participation of foreign lawyers in 
non-judicial proceedings, such as arbitration or me diation, and provided fore ign persons or entities 
with equal rights in such proceedings.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  298. With regard to financial services, and specifically to the licensing requirements for banking 
services applied by the National Bank of Tajikista n, he confirmed that the same standards and 
requirements were applied to fo reign and domestic banks.  A specialized agency on securities had 
been created under the Ministry of Finance for th e further development of a securities market in 
Tajikistan.  A National Real Estate Exchange had also been created.  The Law "On Securities and 
Stock Exchanges" regulated securities transactions.  However, a secondary market in securities was 
still at its formative stage. 
299. Article 51 of the Civil Code and the Law "On In surance" governed the provision of insurance 
services.  Licenses to participat e in insurance activities were issued by the State Insurance 
Inspectorate under the Ministry of Finance.  Foreig n nationals or legal entities could establish limited 
liability or joint stock insurance companies. 
VII. TRANSPARENCY 
- Publication of information on trade 
300. The representative of Tajikistan said that  Law No. 506 "On Normative Legal Acts" 
(which had replaced Law No. 54 "On Normative Lega l Acts" of 8 December 2003) provided for the 
publication of normative legal acts, except for acts containing State or other secrets protected by law.  
Article 6 of the Law defined normative legal acts as official documents with instructions of general 
application, amending or repealing regulations adopted by the State, authorized officials or through 
referendum.  Judicial decisions we re not covered by the Law.  In response to a specific query, he 
added that only decisions or rulings of general a pplication issued by the Constitutional Court were 
published in the print media. 
301. Pursuant to Articles 53 to 55 of the Law, norma tive legal acts were published in three official 
publications ("Akhbori Majlisi Oli", the newspaper "Jumhuriyat", and the Code of Laws of the 
Republic of Tajikistan) within fifteen days of  being signed into law by the President.  
These provisions were, in his view, in full complianc e with Article X of the GATT.  The legal acts 
came into force only upon publication.  On issues of importance and of gene ral public interest, the 
publication of draft acts was envisaged in the mass  media for public discussion.  In accordance with 
Article 44 of the Law "On Normative Legal Acts", the agencies responsible for the development of 
draft legislation were entitled to establish work ing groups comprising representatives of State bodies, 
associations, scientific institutions, other organi zations and individuals.  These working groups 
participated in the development of drafts, thus pr oviding for public participation.  Suggestions and 
comments received from the public were consid ered in the revision of these draft laws. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  302. In accordance with Regulation No. 456 of 5 October 2001, all normative legal acts of 
Ministries and State agencies were published, ex cept for acts containing State or other secrets 
protected by Law.  The legal acts were published in  official publications and would come into force 
only upon publication.  He confirmed that this re quirement also covered the normative acts of custom 
bodies in Tajikistan.  Legal normative acts regulati ng the activities of Tajikistan's tax and customs 
bodies were published in the weekly publications "Boju Hiroch" and "V estnik".  In addition, rules and 
regulations relating to customs matters were publis hed in the monthly journal Gumruk, which was the 
official publication of the Customs Service, and we re also available from the website of the Customs 
Service (www.cutoms.tj).  The press service of the Ministry of Public Revenues also provided 
information on tax and customs matters to the mass media. 
- Notifications 
[to be completed] 
VIII. TRADE AGREEMENTS  
303. The representative of Tajikistan said that Tajikis tan had signed bilateral agreements for MFN 
treatment with Afghanistan, Austria, Hungary, Viet  Nam, Kuwait, Pakistan, Romania, Syria, the 
Slovak Republic, India, Islamic Republic of Iran, People's Republic of China, 
the United States of America, Turkey, and the Czech Republic.  Preferential treatment could be accorded to States which had a Free Trade Agreement or a Customs Union with Tajikistan, or which 
as developing or least-developed countries received  preferences in accordance with the Generalized 
System of Preferences (GSP).  The list of beneficiaries of the GSP scheme of Tajikistan was revised 
by his Government at least once every five years.   Presently, Tajikistan accorded duty-free treatment 
to goods exported by the least-developed c ountries in accordance with Resolution No. 450 
"On Customs Tariff" of 25 October 2003. 
304. As provided for in the Ashgabat Agreement on "General Conditions and Mechanism of 
Support for Development of Production Co operation of Enterprises and Branches of 
CIS Member-States", the parties to this Agreem ent had undertaken to cooperate on the custom 
clearance of goods and not to apply import and ex port duties, taxes, excise taxes and quantitative 
restrictions on goods, delivered by way of coopera tion, within the framework of this Agreement.  
Pursuant to this Agreement, Ta jikistan had approved the procedures for the transfer of goods through 
its custom borders through Regulation No. 28 of 12 January 1996.  Bilateral Agreements on 
Cooperation in production had been signed with th e Governments of the Russian Federation and  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 89 
 
 
  Moldova.  The Ministry of Energy and Industry had also signed Cooperati on Agreements with the 
Ministries of Industry of Belarus, the Kyrgyz Republic and Ukraine. 
305. He stated that Tajikistan had not considered  the creation of a single agricultural market 
among the CIS member States.  However, this issu e had been discussed within the Organization of 
Central Asian Cooperation (OCAC).  A draft text on the "Creation of  a Food Market Consortium" had 
been agreed at the working group level, and wa s under active consideration by the OCAC member 
States. 
306. Tajikistan was a member of the Euro-Asian Economic Community.  The Treaty establishing 
the Euro-Asian Economic Community had been signed on 10 October 2000.  The other member States of this Community were the Russian Fe deration, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and 
Belarus.  Commodities imported from the member-s tates of the Euro Asian Economic Community 
were granted certain preferential tariffs and duty exemptions.  Work was underway to create a single 
domestic market, single customs territory and single customs tariffs; to harmonize economic and trade regulation; and to abolish customs control over the internal borders of the member States.  
A coordinated policy on the application of trade remedies was also envisaged. 
307. Responding to concerns that the establishment of  a free trade area or customs union within the 
meaning of Article XXIV of the GATT 1994 and the Uruguay Round Understanding on that 
Article required a plan and schedule for the eliminat ion of duties on substantially all trade and other 
regulations of commerce between the constituent par ties, the representative of Tajikistan noted that 
the Treaty envisaged the adoption of documents conf irming the staging of the integration between the 
Member States of the Eurasian Community. 
CONCLUSIONS 
[to be completed] WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 90  
 
  ANNEX 1  
Laws, Regulations and Other Information Provi ded to the Working Party by Tajikistan 
- "Tax Code" of the Republic of Tajikistan of 3 December 2004; 
- Law No. 133 "On Introducing Amendments in to the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan 
"On Banks and Bank Activity"" of 28 December 2005; 
- Protocol No. 51 "On Procedure for Issuing Perm ission for Residents for Opening of Accounts 
in Foreign Currency in Banks Outside of the Republic of Tajikistan"  of 16 September 1997; 
- Decree No. 113 "On Putting into Effect the La w of the Republic of Tajikistan on Foreign 
Exchange Regulation and Control" of 4 November 1995; 
- Decree No. 1249 "On Liberalization of Currenc y and Export Operations and Measures to 
Ensure Complete Return of the Currency Proceeds to the Republic of Tajikistan" of 
13 July 1999; 
- Instruction No. 142 "On Order of Import into the Republic of Tajikistan and Export from the 
Republic of Tajikistan of Foreign Currency in Cash and Securities in Foreign Currency" of 
11 October 2005; 
- Instruction Regulation "On the Procedure to  Implement Currency Control on Exchange 
Earnings in the Republic of Tajikistan Co ming from the Export of Merchandise" of 
14 August 1996; 
- Regulation No. 51 of the Republic of Tajik istan on "Procedure of Carrying Currency 
Transactions Related to Capital Movement" of 16 September 1997; 
- Law No. 555 "On Foreign Investment in the Republic of Tajikistan" of 10 March 1992; 
- Law No. 260 "On Investments" of 12 May 2007; 
- Law No. 10 "On State Enterpri ses" of 28 February 2004; 
- Charter of the State Unitary Enterprise "Khurokvori"; 
- Resolution No. 310 "On Approval of the Re gulation on Procedure of Formation and 
Application of Free Prices and Tariffs" of 4 May 1995; 
- Decree No. 526 "On Natural Monopolies of 13 December 1997; 
- Extract from the Law "On Competition and the Restricting of Monopoly Activities in 
Commodity Markets" of 10 November 2000; 
- Law No. 54 of the Republic of Tajikistan on "Normative Legal Acts of the Republic of 
Tajikistan" of 8 December 2003; 
- Resolution No. 456 "On Approval of Regulati on on the Procedure of State Record and 
Registration of Normative-Legal Acts of th e Republic of Tajikistan" of 5 October 2001; 
- Articles 11, 15, 137 and Chapter 4 (Articles 48 to  135) of the "Civil Code" of the Republic of 
Tajikistan; 
- Chapter 4 of the Code "On Economic Court Proceedings"; 
- Articles 33 to 41 and Chapter 13 (Articles 142 - 147) of the Code "Of Civil Procedures"; 
- Article 156 of the Criminal Code No. 575 of 21 May 1998; 
- Law No. 3 of the Republic of Tajikistan on "E xternal Economic Activity in the Republic of 
Tajikistan" of 27 December 1993; 
- Law No. 3 "On Introducing Amendments and Ad ditions into the Law of the Republic of 
Tajikistan 'On Foreign-Economic Activity of the Republic of Tajikistan'" of 
28 February 2004; 
- Law No. 822 of the Republic of Tajikistan on the "State Regulation of External Trade 
Activities" of 3 September 1999; 
- Law No. 5 "On State Registration of Legal Entity" of 22 April 2003; 
- Law of the Republic of Tajikistan on "State Duty" of 28 February 2004; 
- "Customs Code" of the Republic of Tajikistan of 3 December 2004; 
- Resolution No. 472 "On Approval of Rates of Customs Fees for Customs Services Rendered" 
of 2 December 2005; 
- Resolution No. 450 "On the Customs Tariff" of 25 October 2003;  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 91 
 
 
  - Extract from the Customs Code and Resoluti on of the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of 
Tajikistan on the Customs Code of the Republic  of Tajikistan No. 199 of 4 November 1995; 
- Law No. 744 "On Customs Tariffs" of 14 May 1999; 
- Decree No. 185 "On Approval of the Decision on Rules of Customs Control over the 
Movement of Goods Containing Objects of Intellectual Property through the Customs 
Border" of 30 April 2002; 
- Instruction No. 337(f) of 10 October 2005, regi stered by the Ministry of Justice under 
No. 223 of 19 July 2006:  Provisions "On the Pro cedure of the Customs Control Applicable to 
Goods Containing Objects of Intellectual Property" of 19 July 2006; 
- Tax Code (Section VII.) - Value Added Tax; 
- Resolution No. 126 "On Excise Tax Rate for Specific Goods Produced in the Republic of 
Tajikistan and Imported into the Territory of th e Republic of Tajikistan" of 2 April 2005; 
- Resolution No. 111 "On Measures for Improveme nt of Foreign Economic Activity in the 
Republic of Tajikistan" of 19 February 1997; 
- Decree No. 591 "On Approving the List of Machinery and Mechanical Appliances and Parts 
Thereof being Imported Into the Republic of Tajikistan Intended for Formation or 
Replenishment of the Authorized Capital of  an Enterprise or Intended for Technical 
Modernization of the Existing Production, which are Exempt from Value Added Tax and 
Payment of Customs Duties" of 30 November 2007; 
- Information on production and consumption of tobacco and alcohol during 2002 to 2005; 
- Law No. 37 "On Licensing of Separate Types of Activity" of 17 May 2004; 
- Resolution No. 172 "On the Approval of the Re gulations "On the Peculiarities of Licensing 
Certain Types of Activities" of 3 April 2007; 
- Regulation No. 337 "On Specifics of Licensi ng of Certain Types of Activities" of 
1 September 2005; 
- Regulation No. 245 "On Approval of Order of Import and Export of Medicine and Medical 
Products in the Republic of Ta jikistan" of 5 June 2002; 
- Resolution No. 215 "On Rules for Purchase and Sale, Export and Import of Precious Metals, 
Precious Stones and Raw Materials Containi ng Precious and Non-ferrous Metals" of 
6 May 2000; 
- Protocol "On Applying Special Preventive, Antidumping and Mitigating Measures in Trade 
Amongst State-Parties to the Customs Union" of 17 February 2000; 
- Decree No. 54 "On the Adoption of the Strategy  of Development of the National Quality 
Infrastructure of the Republic of Tajikistan for the Period of 2010-2012" of 12 February 2010; 
- Government Decree No. 237 "On the Enhanc ement of Promotion of Domestically 
Manufactured Goods in Internati onal Markets" of 8 June 2001; 
- Resolution No. 486 "On the List of Products (Works, Services) Subject to the Mandatory 
Certification" of 1 October 2008; 
- Law "On Technical Regulating"; 
- Draft Law "On the Technical Regulation"; 
- Law No. 668 "On Standardization" of 29 December 2010; 
- Law No. 72 "On Consumers' Rights Protection" of 9 December 2004; 
- Law No. 49 "On Providing Sanitary-Epidemiol ogical Safety of the Population" of 
8 December 2003; 
- Law No. 54 "On the Quality and Safety of Food" of 10 May 2002; 
- Law No. 498 "On the Quarantine of the Plants" of 26 March 2009; 
- Law No. 25 "On the Quarantine of Plants" of 12 May 2001; 
- Law No. 498 "On Plant Quarantine" of 26 March 2009; 
- Law No. 118 "On Selection Achievement of Ag ricultural Crops" of 4 November 1995; 
- Veterinary Law No. 674 of 29 December 2010; 
- Law No. 73 "On Veterinary Practices" of 8 December 2003; 
- Law No. 117 "On Introducing Amendments in to the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan 
"On Veterinary Medicine"" of 26 December 2005; WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  - Law No. 49 "On Provision of Sanitary-Epidemiological Security of the Population" of 
8 December 2003; 
- Law No. 355 "On Seeds-Growing" of 5 January 2008; 
- Resolution No. 97 "On the Procedure of Ce rtifying Food Products and Other Commodities 
Imported - Exported Beyond the Republic of Tajikistan" of 16 March 1999; 
- Law No. 522 "On Free Economic Zones in the Re public of Tajikistan" of 29 April 2004; 
- Law No. 511 "On Government Procuremen t of Goods, Works and Services" of 
12 December 1997; 
- Regulation No. 159 "On Accedence of the Repub lic of Tajikistan to the International 
Convention on Protection of Interests of Actor-Performers, Producers of Phonograms and 
Broadcasting Organizations" of 11 November 2005; 
- Law No. 726 "On Copyright and Relate d Rights" of 13 November 1998; 
- Law No. 727 "On the Copyright Law and Related Rights" of November 1998; 
- Law No. 162 "On Introducing Ame ndments and Additions into the Law of the Republic of 
Tajikistan "On Copyright and A llied Rights"" of 3 March 2006; 
- Article 158(2) of the Law No. 913 "On Sale, Re nt or Other Illegal Use of the Copies of 
Works or Phonograms for commercial purposes" of 11 December 1999; 
- Law No. 456 "On Trade and Service Marks" of 23 December 1991; 
- Law No. 234 "On Trademarks and Se rvice Marks" of 5 March 2007; 
- Draft Law "On Trademarks and Service Marks"; 
- Law No. 236 "On Geographical I ndications" of 5 March 2007; 
- Draft Law "On Geographical Indications"; 
- Draft Law "On Industrial Designs"; 
- Law No. 218 "On the Legal Protection of the Topologies of Integrated Circuits" of 
22 December 2006; 
- Draft Law "On the Legal Protection of the Topologies of Integrated Circuits"; 
- Draft Law "On Inventions" of 24 December 2003; 
- Temporary Provision of the Republic of Tajik istan "On Inventions, Utility and Industrial 
Designs" of 1994; 
- Regulation No. 251 of the Republic of Tajik istan on "Minimal Amount of Royalties for 
Publication of Works of Science, Literature, Art and Implementation of Orders for Creation 
of Dramatic, Musical and Musical Dramatic a nd Literary Works for Public Performance or 
for the Right of First Public Execution of Unpublished Works" of 1 July 1999; 
- Resolution No. 252 of the Republic of Tajik istan on "Minimal Rates of Royalty for 
Performance of Literature and Art Works, Reproduction of Works in Sound (mechanical) 
Recording and Distribution of Copies of Sound Recordings and Audio-visual Works and Reproduction of Works of Fine Art and Rep lication of Decorative Applied Artworks 
Industrially" of 1 July 1999; 
- Resolution No. 37 of the Republic of Tajikistan on "Minimal Rates of Royalty for Art and 
Graphic and Photographic Works fo r Press" of 4 February 2002; 
- Resolution No. 533 "On Approval of Temporary Regulation On State Patent Fees" of 
28 November 1994; 
- Part III Section V of the Civil Code "On Intellectual Property"; 
- Chapter 22 (Administrative Violations Relate d to Intellectual Property) of the Code 
"On Administrative Violations"; 
- Government Resolution No. 185 "On Approval of the Decision on the Rules for Customs 
Control on the Transfer of Goods Containing Intellectual Property Objects across the Customs Border" of 30 April 2002; 
- Law No. 170 "On Audit of the Republic of  Tajikistan" of 3 March 2006; and 
- Law No. 172 "On Geodesy and Cartography" of 3 March 2006.  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5
 Page 93ANNEX 2 
Table 2:  Privatization of State-Owned Enterprises 
 
(a) Information on Privatization of State Property by Sector 
 
 1991 - 
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total 
Industry  89 34 11 62 21 27 90 89 30 50 10 7 520 
Construction 121 22 27 53 22 22 75 110 15 40 15 2 524 
Transport and communications 47 15 16 49 26 41 79 81 20 30 5 12 421 
Trade 1,412 107 71 84 78 60 42 42 19 20 10 3 1,948 
Public catering 487 35 17 38 16 31 36 7 5 17 - 2 691 
Consumer services 1,762 94 76 104 60 57 50 49 40 25 35 9 2,361 
Public health 89 18 9 9 14 20 29 15 3 1 - - 207 
Social sector 263 40 36 38 31 50 41 18 11 25 4 - 557 
Agriculture 444 81 49 91 69 162 182 308 440 236 305 139 2,506 
Assets under construction/ 
incomplete construction  112 19 3 0 0 0 5 7 2 5 1 1 155 
Other 561 181 102 102 84 66 41 78 72 88 58 60 1,493 
TOTAL  5,387 646 417 630 421 536 670 804 657 537 443 235 11,383 
 
(b) General Information on Privatization of State Property 
 
 1991 - 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009  2010 Total 
State Property Units 
Privatized 6,027 418 633 421 539 669 804 657 537 443 235 11,383 
Of which:  Small Enterprises 
Privatized 5,733 346 470 374 426 520 643 536 400 393 222 9,485 
Of which:  Medium-size and Large Enterprises 
Privatized 294 72 163 47 113 149 161 121 137 50 13 1,263 
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 94 (c) Information on Privatized Enterprises by Sector 
 in Accordance with the Strategic Privatization Plan (2003-2010) 
 
Sector Total 
Industry 124 
Construction 93 
Transport and communications 75 
Trade 96 
Public utilities 7 
Consumer services 5 
Public health 1 
Agriculture 14 
Other 4 
Total  419 
 
(d) Information on the Ente rprises to be Privatized 
According to the Strategic Privatization Plan by Sector (2010) 
 
Sector Total 
Industry 11 
Construction - 
Transport and communications 1 
Trade 1 
Public catering - 
Utility enterprises - 
Consumer services 1 
Public health - 
Social sector - 
Agriculture - 
Other - 
Total  14 
  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5
 Page 95Table 3:  Enterprises not yet Privatized 
(a) State-owned Joint-stock Companies Subject to Privatization 
 Name Location Share Sector 
1. JV/ АО Angisht  Isfara City, Sught  District 100% Industry 
2. JV/ АО Matubot  Dushanbe 100% Printing/Culture 
3. JV/ АО Obiori Dangara ("Obyorii Dangara") Dangara City, Khatlon District 100% Industry/Construction 
4. JV/ АО Taransformatorniy Zavod  Kurgan-Tube City, Khatlon District 100% Industry 
5. JV/ АО Charog  Isfara City, Sught  District 100% Industry 
6. Shurboskoe SSU ("Shurobskoye SHSU") Isfara City, Sught District 100% Industry 
7. JV/ АО Kolinkhoi Kulob ("Kokinhoi Kulob") Kulob City, Khatlon District 100% Industry 
8. JV/AO Proleterskiy RMZ  Sught District 100% Industry 
9. JV/ АО Bunafsh  Nurek City, Khatlon District 100% Industry 
10. JV/ АО "МNА-27" Khatlon District 100% Transport 
11. JV/ АО Zavodi Tamiri Mekhaniki (formerly JV "RMZ")   Vakhdat 100% Industry 
12. JV/ АО Hotel Khujand  Chkalovsk City, Sught District 100% Services 
13. JV/ АО Madad  Vakhdat 100% Transport 
14. JV/AO "Gidrosohtmon" Farhor District 100% Industry 
 
(b) Large State-owned or Predominantly Stat e-owned Enterprises Subject to Restructuring 
 
 Name Location Share Sector Remarks 
1. O АО Tajiktransgaz (formerly GUP 
Tajikgaz) Dushanbe 100% 
 Energy 
 Individual restructuring plan established by Government Decree 
No. 438 of 27 August 2008.  GUP Tajikgaz transformed into joint stock company Tajiktransgaz.  Seven organizations, former parts of 
GUP Tajikgaz organized as indepe ndent joint stock companies. 
2. OAO Barki Tojik  Dushanbe 100% Energy Individual restructuring plan under Government consideration. 
3. OAO Tajik Air (formerly GUAP 
Tajik Air)  Dushanbe 100% Transport Individual restructuring plan established by Government Decree 
No. 175 of 3 April 2007.  In accordance with the Government Decree No. 491 of 1 October 2008, GUAP Tajikair has been divided into six 
independent companies. 
4. GUP Rohi Ohani Tojikiston Dushanbe 100% Transport Individual restructuring plan established by Government Decree 
No. 95 of 27 February 2010. 
5. GUP TALKO (formerly TADAZ) Dushanbe 100% Industry Individual restructuring plan is being developed. 
6. AO Tojiktelekom Dushanbe 95% Communications Individual restructuring plan established by Government Decree 
No. 71 of 3 January 2006. 
7. AO Teleradiokom Dushanbe 95% Communications Individual restructuring plan established by Government Decree 
No. 498 of 1 November 2006. 
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 96 Table 5(a):  Goods and Services Subject to Activity Licensing 
 
Licensed Activity Authorized Govern ment Agency Legislative Framework 
Activities, which involve electronic digital signatures 
and data protection Head Office for Protection of  State Secrets under the 
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and its 
regional bodies in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast, in Soghd and Khatlon Oblasts Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve production of print media materials protected from forgery (including certified 
securities) and circulatio n of the above products Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities of pawnbroker's offices Ministry of Finance of the Repu blic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulati on on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Audit activities Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tajikistan - audit 
of broker's boards, non-budgetary funds, investment 
companies, insurance companies and general audit; National Bank of Tajikistan - audit of banking 
organizations Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Valuation activities State Committee for Investments and State Property 
Management of the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve installation, repairs and 
maintenance of fire safety facilities for buildings and 
constructions Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Tajikist an Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve selling of non-military and 
duty weapons, their major components and related 
ammunition Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Tajikist an Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve maintenance and repairs of lifting devices, operation of explosion-hazardous and chemically hazardous industrial facilities Head Office for State Surveillance of Safe Industrial 
Operations and Mines Inspectorate under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve expert examination of 
industrial safely Head Office for State Surveillance of Safe Industrial 
Operations and Mines Inspectorate under the 
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve production, storage, 
distribution and transportation of industrial explosives; 
production and distribution of pyrotechnic items Head Office for State Surveillance of Safe Industrial 
Operations and Mines Inspectorate under the 
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities in energy sector Ministry of Energy and Industry of the Republic of 
Tajikistan; Agency for Construction and Architecture under the 
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan - works to 
assemble, adjust and repair power facilities Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Construction activities Agency for Construction and Architecture under the 
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities.  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5
 Page 97Licensed Activity Authorized Govern ment Agency Legislative Framework 
Geodesy and cartography activities Agency for Land Management, Geodesy and 
Cartography under the Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan; 
Agency for Construction and Architecture under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan - construction 
works Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Mine-surveying activities Head Office for State Surveillance of Safe Industrial 
Operations and Mines Inspectorate under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities in hydrometeorology and related sectors 
including proactive management of 
hydro-meteorological and geophysical processes and phenomena Ministry of Agriculture and Conservation of Nature of 
the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve coll ection, use, transportation 
and disposal of hazardous waste Office for State Surveillance of Environmental 
Management and Conservation of Nature Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Pharmaceutical activities; production of means of 
disinfection, desinsection and deratization Unit for State Surveillan ce of Pharmaceutical and 
Medical Activities (having the status of Service) Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve maintenance of medical equipment and dealing with agents of infectious 
diseases Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan Re solution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve gathering of medical plants and procurement of crude drugs Unit for State Surveillan ce of Pharmaceutical and 
Medical Activities (having the status of Service) Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Private medical practice Unit for Stat e Surveillance of Pharmaceutical and 
Medical Activities (having the status of Service) Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve cultivation of drug-containing 
plants for research, development of new narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances; activities, which involve 
legal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic 
substances and precursors Unit for State Surveillan ce of Pharmaceutical and 
Medical Activities (having th e status of Service) - 
activities, which involve legal circulation of narcotic 
drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors used in 
health sector; Drug Control Agency under the President of the 
Republic of Tajikistan - activities, which involve legal 
circulation of precursors Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve the use of ionizing radiation (generating) sources and radioactive agents Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Land transport operations State Office for Surveillance and Regulation in Transport 
Sector Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Air transport operations State Office for Surveillance and Regulation in Transport 
Sector Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve setting up and management of 
pari-mutuels and gambling establishments Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 98 Licensed Activity Authorized Govern ment Agency Legislative Framework 
Touring activities Committee for Youth Affairs, Sports and Tourism under 
the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities of patent solicitors Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the 
Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve processing and 
disposal/selling of ferrous and nonferrous metal scrap and waste Ministry of Energy and Industry of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities related to employment of nationals of the 
Republic of Tajikistan outside the Republic of 
Tajikistan and of foreign nationals within the Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan 
(Resolution No. 518 of the Government of the Republic 
of Tajikistan, 1 October 2007) Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Private veterinary practice Office for State Veterinary Surveilla nce Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve production, imports, and 
exports of tobacco goods Ministry of Energy and Industry of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Proctor activities Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Tajiki stan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities in education sector Ministry of Education of the Repub lic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation  on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve circulation of precious metals 
and precious stones Ministry of Energy and Industry of the Republic of 
Tajikistan - processing of scrap and waste of precious 
metals for end products; affinage of precious metals; 
recuperation of precious stones; Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tajikistan - 
buying-up from public of jewellery and other items made 
of precious metals and precious stones and related scrap for distributive industries Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve TV and radio broadcasting 
and production of artworks on audio-visual media Committee for TV and Radio Broadcasting under the 
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve purchase, sale, use and 
disposal of ozone layer depleting substances and goods containing the ones; all operations related to 
installation, maintenance and repairs of equipment in 
which ozone layer depleting substances are used Office for State Surveillance of Environmental 
Management and Conservation of Nature Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities of non-governmental pension funds Ministry of Finance of  the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of th e Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Broker activities Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tajiki stan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Insurance activities Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Taji kistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities.  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5
 Page 99Licensed Activity Authorized Govern ment Agency Legislative Framework 
Activities of professional securities market players Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approv al of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities of lending organizations (including 
non-banking organizations) National Bank of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve production and circulation of 
ethanol, alcohol and spirituous items Ministry of Energy and Industry of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities in telecommunications State Office for Surveillance and Regulation in 
Telecommunications and IT Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve the use of mineral resources Go vernment of the Republic of Tajikistan (executive 
licensing authority - Head Ge ological Office under the 
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan - geological prospecting, valuation and exploration works and 
collection of mineralogical, paleontological and 
geological materials; Ministry of Energy and Industry of the Republic of 
Tajikistan - extraction of oil, gas and coal; the use of 
minerals and non-minerals including waste of rock constituents and their processing); 
Ministry of Energy and Industry of the Republic of 
Tajikistan - the use of widespread mineral resources Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve the use of endangered species of flora and fauna entered on the Red List of the 
Republic of Tajikistan Office for State Surveillance of Environmental 
Management and Conservation of Nature Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities. 
Activities, which involve works and services in the use 
of nuclear energy Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution on the Approval of the Regulation on the Key 
Elements of Licensing Certain Activities.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 100 Table 5(b):  Imported Goods subject to Activity Licensing 
 
Code Description Issuing Authority Licensing Procedure 
1302 11 000 0 Opium Ministry of Health Additional documents: 
 
- Opinion of appropriate authorities of the interior 
about the possibility of storing narcotic and 
psychotropic substances in the facilities for 
implementation of the proposed activity; 
- Statement from authorities of the interior about 
clean record of persons having access to narcotic 
and psychotropic substances; 
- Statement from the narcology service with regard to 
persons having access to narcotic and psychotropic 
substances; 
- Order of the head of the institution about 
appointment of persons ha ving access to narcotic 
and psychotropic substances; 
- Copies of diplomas of persons having access to 
narcotic and psychotropic substances; and 
- In case of proposed cultivation of drug-containing 
plants for scientific purposes as well as 
development of new narcotic and psychotropic substances a positive expert report from the 
Academy of Sciences of th e Republic of Tajikistan 
about expedience of conducting that particular activity is required. 
220300 Malt beer Ministry of Agriculture No additional documents except for those indicated in the 
Regulation No. 172 of 3 April 2007. 
 A licensing fee in the amount of 76 minimal wages for 
each year of the licence period is charged for issuance of 
a licence to organization engaged in production and turnover of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic beverages and 
spirit-based goods irrespective of forms of ownership.  
A licensing fee in the amount of 12 minimal wages for each year of the licence period is charged for issuance of 
a licence to organizations (irr espective of organizational 
and legal form) and individual entrepreneurs engaged in retail trade of alcoholic beverages and spirit-based goods. 2204 Grape wines, natural wines, including fortified; stum, except for 
mentioned in merchandise position 2009 (including wine materials) 
2205 Vermouths and natural wines, other wines with vegetation and 
aromatic substances 
2206 00 Other fermented drinks (for example, cider, pear cider, and honey 
drink); mixes from fermented drinks, and mixes from fermented 
drinks and soft drinks not listed somewhere else; 
2207 Ethyl non-denatured alcohol with ethyl concentration of no less than 
80% or more; ethyl alcohol and other denatured alcohols of any concentration; 
2207 10 000 0 Ethyl non-denatured alcohol with ethyl concentration of no less than 
80% or more 
2207 20 000 0 Ethyl alcohol, other denatured alcohols of any concentration  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5
 Page 101Code Description Issuing Authority Licensing Procedure 
2208 Ethyl non-denatured alcohol with ethyl concentration of no less than 
80%; alcohol liqueurs, liqueurs, and other alcoholic drinks 
2939 91 110 0 unrefined cocaine Ministry of Health Additional documents: 
 
- Opinion of appropriate authorities of the interior 
about the possibility of storing narcotic and 
psychotropic substances in the facilities for 
implementation of the proposed activity; 
- Statement from authorities of the interior about 
clean record of persons having access to narcotic 
and psychotropic substances; 
- Statement from the narcology service with regard to 
persons having access to narcotic and psychotropic 
substances; 
- Order of the head of the institution about 
appointment of persons ha ving access to narcotic 
and psychotropic substances; 
- Copies of diplomas of persons having access to 
narcotic and psychotropic substances; and 
- In case of proposed cultivation of drug-containing 
plants for scientific purposes as well as 
development of new narcotic and psychotropic substances a positive expert report from the 
Academy of Sciences of th e Republic of Tajikistan 
about expedience of conducting that particular activity is required. 2939 11 000 0 concentrates from poppy straws; buprenorphine (INN), codeine, 
dihydrocodeine (INN), ethylmorphine, ethorphine (INN), heroin, 
hydrocodone (INN), hydromorphone (INN), morphine, nicomorphine (INN), oxycodone (INN), oxymorphone (INN), 
folcodine (INN), tebacone (INN), and tebaine; salts of these 
compounds; 
2939 91 cocaine, ecgonine, levometamphethamine, metamphethamine 
(INN), metamphethamine racemate; salts, esters, and other 
derivative substances; cocaine and its salts; 
2922 14 000 0 dextropropoxiphene (INN) and it salts 
2922 31 000 0 amphepramone (INN), met аdone (INN), and normetadone (INN); 
salts of these compounds; 
2922 44 000 0 Tilidine (INN) and its salts 
2926 30 000 0 phenoproporex (INN) and its salts; metadone (INN) -an interim 
product (4-cyano-2-dimethylamino-4.4-diphenylbutane); 
2933 33 000 0 alfentanil (INN), anileridi ne (INN), bezitramid e (INN), bromazepam 
(INN), diphenoxine (INN), diphenoxilate (INN), dipipanone (INN), 
fentanyl (INN), ketobemidone (INN), methylphenidate (INN), 
pentazocine (INN), pethidine (INN), pethidine (INN) - an interim A 
product, phencyclidine (INN) (PCP), phenoperidine (INN), pipradrol (INN), piritramide (INN), 
propirame (INN), and trimeperid ine (INN); salts of these 
compounds; 
2933 11 100 0 propiphenazone (INN) 
2915 24 000 0 acetic anhydride 
2922 43 000 0 anthranyl acid and its salts 
2914 11 000 0 Acetone 
2924 29 others:  (acetylanthranyl acid) 
2924 29 100 0 lidocaine (INN) 
2924 29 300 0 paracetamol (INN) 
2932 91 000 0 Isosafrole 
2939 63 000 0 lysergic acid and its salts 
2932 92 000 0 1-(1.3-benzodioxole-5-il) propane-2-on 
2914 12 000 0 butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) 
2933 32 000 0 piperidine and its salts 
2932 93 000 0 Piperonal 
2841 61 000 0 potassium permanganate 
2939 42 000 0 pseudoephedrine (INN) and its salts  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 102 Code Description Issuing Authority Licensing Procedure 
2932 94 000 0 Safrole 
2807 00 100 0 sulphuric acid 
2806 10 100 0 hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid) 
2902 30 Toluol 
2916 34 000 0 phenylacetic acid and its salts 
2914 31 000 0 phenylaceton e (phenylpropane-2-on) 
2939 41 000 0 ephedrine and its salts 
2939 61 000 0 ergometrine (INN) and its salts 
2939 62 000 0 ergotamine (INN) and its salts 
2909 11 000 0 Diethyl ether 
 
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 103 
 
 
  Table 7:  Excise Tax Rates 
Merchandise Codes in 
Accordance with 
Merchandise 
Nomenclature for 
Euroasian Economic Community (EAEC) 
Foreign Economic 
Activities Merchandise Excise Rate in % of Value 
or in Euro per Product Unit 
GROUP 22 
220300 Malt beer Euro 0.05 per litre 
2204 Grape wines, natural wines, including fortified; 
stum, except for mentioned in merchandise 
position 2009; 
Except for: Euro 0.07 per litre 
2204 10 110 0  Champagne Euro 0.50 per litre 
2204 10 190 0 Other champagne Euro 0.50 per litre 
2204 10 910 0  Asti Spumante Euro 0.20 per litre 
2204 10 990 0 Other Euro 0.20 per litre 
2205 Vermouths and natural grapes wines, other 
wines with addition of vegetable and aromatic 
extracts; Euro 0.07 per litre 
2207 Ethyl non-denatured alcohol with alcohol 
concentration of no less than 80%; ethyl alcohol 
and other denatured alcohols of any 
concentration; Euro 0.50 per litre 
2208 Ethyl non-denatured alcohol with alcohol 
concentration of less than 80%; alcohol 
liqueurs, liqueurs, and other alcoholic drinks; 
Except for: Euro1.25 per litre 
220820 Spirits obtained by distilling grape wine or 
grape marc, including Cognac Euro 2.50 per litre 
220860 Vodka Euro 2.50 per litre 
220890 Others:   Euro 0.56 per litre 
GROUP 24 
2401 Tobacco raw material s and tobacco waste; 
Except for:  0 
From 2401 Tobacco raw materi als and fermented tobacco 
waste; Euro 0.09 per kg 
2402 Cigars, cigars with cut ends, cigarillos (thin 
cigars), and cigarettes from tobacco or its 
substitutes; Euro 0.70 per 1,000 pieces 
240220 Filter-tipped cigarettes containing tobacco; Euro 0.85  per 1,000 pieces 
240220 Cigarettes without filter containing  tobacco; Euro 0. 40 per 1,000 pieces 
2403 Other industria lly produced tobacco, 
"homogenized" or "restored"; tobacco extracts 
and essence; 12% 
GROUP 27 
270900 Raw oil and raw oil products generated from 
bituminous minerals: 0 WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 104  
 
  Merchandise Codes in 
Accordance with 
Merchandise 
Nomenclature for 
Euroasian Economic 
Community (EAEC) 
Foreign Economic 
Activities Merchandise Excise Rate in % of Value 
or in Euro per Product Unit 
2710 Oil and raw oil materials generated from 
bituminous minerals, excluding raw materials; 
products not named anywhere containing 70% 
or oil products generated from bituminous minerals, which are the main compounds: 
Except for: Euro 40 per ton 
 Motor gasoline:  
2710 11 310 0 aviation gasoline Euro 50 per 1,000 litres 
2710 11 410 0 with octane level lower than 95 Euro 50 per 1,000 litres 
2710 11 450 0 with octane level 95 or higher, but no higher 
than 98 Euro 50 per 1,000 litres 
2710 11 490 0 with octane level 98 or higher Euro 50 per 1,000 litres 
2710 11 510 0 with octane level lower than 98 Euro 50 per 1,000 litres 
2710 11 590 0 with octane level 98 or higher Euro 50 per 1,000 litres 
2710 11 700 0 jet engine fuel Euro 50 per 1,000 litres 
2710 11 900 0 light distillates other Euro 50 per 1,000 litres 
 Medium distillates: 
Kerosene:  
2710 19 210 0 jet engine fuel Euro 20 per 1,000 kilos 
2710 19 250 0 Other Euro 20 per 1,000 kilos 
2710 19 290 0 Others Euro 20 per 1,000 kilos 
 Heavy distillates: 
Gas-oil (diesel fuel):  
2710 19 310 0 For specific processing processes Euro 6.6 per 1,000 kilos 
2710 19 350 0 For chemical tr ansformation in processes except 
for mentioned in 2710 19 310 0 Euro 6.6 per 1,000 kilos 
2710 19 410 0 With sulphur content of no more than 0.05% Euro 6.6 per 1,000 kilos 
2710 19 450 0 With sulphur content of more than 0.05% and 
no more than 0.2% Euro 6.6 per 1,000 kilos 
2710 19 490 0 With sulphur content of more than 0.2% Euro 6.6 per 1,000 kilos 
 Liquid fuels (black oil fuel):  
2710 19 510 0 For specific processing processes 0 
2710 19 550 0 For chemical conversion in processes, except 
for mentioned in 2710 19 510 0 0 
2710 19 610 0 With sulphur content of no more than 1% 0 
2710 19 630 0 With sulphur content of more than 1% but no 
more than 2% 0 
2710 19 650 0 With sulphur content of more than 2% but no 
more than 2.8% 0 
2710 19 690 0 With sulphur content of more than 2.8% 0 
GROUP 40 - RU BBER AND GOODS 
4011 Tires, pneumatic rubber, new: 
 Except for: 10% 
401130 For use in aviation 0 
401140 For motorcycles 0 
401150 000 0 For bicycles 0 
 Others with protector with herring-bone pattern 
or analogous protectors; 0  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 105 
 
 
  Merchandise Codes in 
Accordance with 
Merchandise 
Nomenclature for 
Euroasian Economic 
Community (EAEC) 
Foreign Economic 
Activities Merchandise Excise Rate in % of Value 
or in Euro per Product Unit 
401199 000 0 Other: 0 
4012 Tires, pneumatic rubber new, restored or used; 
tires, solid or semi-pneumatic; interchangeable 
tire protectors and rubber rim strips; 
Except for: 10% 
 Pneumatic rubber tires restored on the territory 
of the Republic of Tajikistan 5% 
401213100 0 For civil aviation 0 
401220100 0 For civil aviation 0 
GROUP 87 
8703 Cars and other motor transport vehicles to carry 
passengers (except for vehicles mentioned in 
merchandise position 8702), including cargo-passenger vans and racing cars. 10% 
Notes: 
1. Goods classification is given in accordance with  Merchandise Nomenclature for Euroasian Economic 
Community (EurAzES) Foreign Economic Activities. 
2. Excise calculated in Euro is paid in national currency on the exchange rate of the National bank of 
Tajikistan on the day of receipt of cargo customs declaration or release of goods.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 106 Table 8:  Non-tariff Measures Applied on Importation of Goods to Tajikistan 
CC FEA Commodity description Type of measure Res ponsible authorities Legislation WTO justification 
01, 02, 03, 
04, 05, 15 Live animals, animal pr oducts, foodstuff Veterinary certificate  Department of State Veterinary 
Control, Ministry of Agriculture Law No. 73 "On Ve terinary" of 
8 December 2003  Agreement on the Application 
of Sanitary and Phytosanitary 
Measures. 
13, 16 Foodstuff, food additives, raw produce, as 
well as their contacti ng materials, products 
and production technology  Certificate  Ministry of  Health  Law No. 49 "On 
Sanitary-Epidemiological Security 
of Population" of 8 December 2003  Protection of human health 
(GATT 1947, Article XX). 
 Foodstuff, materials and products imported to 
Tajikistan for the first time State registration Ministry of Heal th and Ministry 
of Agriculture Law of the Republic of Tajikistan on 
Quality and Security of Foodstuff Protection of human health 
(GATT 1947, Article XX). 
06, 07, 08, 
09, 10, 11, 
12, 14, 15 Vegetable products Import Quarantine 
Permission 
(IQP), Phytosanitary 
certificate State Inspection on Plant 
Quarantine of the Ministry of 
Agriculture Law No. 25" On Plant Quarantine" 
of 12 May 2001 Agreement on the Application 
of Sanitary and Phytosanitary 
Measures; Plant protection 
(GATT 1947, Article XX). 
2939  Import of narcotic and psychotropic 
substances and precursors Licence Ministry of Health  Law No. 37"On Licensing of 
Separate Types of Activities", 
Regulation No. 172 of 3 April 2007 Protection of human health 
(GATT 1947, Article XX). 
2203, 2204, 2205, 2206, 
2207, 
2208 Import of alcohol and ethyl alcohol Licence /quota Ministry of  Energy and Industry Regulation No. 172 of 3 April 2007 Protectio n of human health 
(GATT 1947, Article XX). 
28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 
37, 38, 40, 
48, 70, 90, 
94 Importation of pharmaceuticals and medical 
goods 
 Licence  Ministry of Health  Regulation No. 172 of 3 April 2007 Protection of human health 
(GATT 1947, Article XX). 
2401, 2402, 2403 Importation of tobacco products  Licence  Ministry of Energy and Industry Regulation No. 172 of 3 April 2007 Protection of huma n health 
(GATT 1947, Article XX). 
28 Importation of po isonous substances, 
chemical agents for protection of plants, 
mineral, non-organic and organic fertilizer, 
ozone-harmful substances Permission State Committee on Ecology 
and Forestry Protection  Law of the Republic of Tajikistan 
"On Protection of Nature" Protection of human and plant 
health 
(GATT 1947, Article XX). 
85 Import of radio-electronic facilities and 
high-frequency devices 
 Permission Ministry of Communication Resolution No. 371 of the Council of 
Ministers of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 1 August 1994  Protection of national security 
(GATT 1947, Article XXI). 
2844, 28401 Import of uranium and other radioactive 
chemical elements and radioactive isotopes 
(including the fissile or fertile chemical 
elements and isotopes)  and their compounds; 
mixtures and residues containing these 
products. Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997  Protection of national security 
GATT 1947, Article XXI.  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5
 Page 107CC FEA Commodity description Type of measure Res ponsible authorities Legislation WTO justification 
3601-3604 Import of powders, explosives  and their waste Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Protection of national security 
GATT 1947, Article XXI. 
8710, 8802, 8803, 8804, 
8805  Importation of armament and military 
equipment, their compounds for production, 
works and services in the field of 
military-technical cooperation Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Protection of national security 
GATT 1947, Article XXI. 
4901, 4905, 
4906 Importation of norm ative-technical 
documentation to the products of military 
purposes (construction and operational) Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Protection of national security 
GATT 1947, Article XXI. 
9301 
9307 Importation of official and civil weapons Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Protection of national security 
GATT 1947, Article XXI. 
6201-6208, 6214, 3217 Importation of military clothing and their 
accessories Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Protection of national security 
GATT 1947, Article XXI. 
4015, 4016, 
6210 Import of means of protection from military 
chemical gases, its parts and accessories Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Protection of national security 
GATT 1947, Article XXI. 
8471, 8473, 8548 Import of cryptographic devices (including 
cryptographic machines, its parts and 
accessories), normative-technical 
documentation to cryptographic devices Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Protection of national security 
GATT 1947, Article XXI. 
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 108 Table 9:  List of Radio-electronic Facilities and High-frequency Devices not Subject to Import Permission 
No. Radio Electronic Device Nominal Radio Frequency Band Used/Units Power Capability of 
Transmitter Radiation 
1. Data terminal equipment used in mobile 
network up to three units  
2. Wireless microphone used in concerts Fixed frequency:  165.70, 166.10, 166.50, 167.15 MHz up to 20 mW 
3. Wireless microphone for karaoke  66-74 MHz 87,5-92 MHz 100-108 MHz up to 10 mW 
4. Wireless concert microphones  151-216 MHz, 175-230 MHz 470-639 MHz, 710-726 MHz up to 5 mW 
5. Radio alarm devices for vehicles  26,945 MHz  up to 2 mW  
6. Radio alarm devices for premises  26,960 MHz up to 2 mW 
7. Radio alarm devices for vehicles 433,075-434, 79 MHz (433, 92 MHz=0.2%).   up to 5 mW 
8. Remote control devices for alarm and 
warning systems 433,075-434, 79 MHz (433, 92 MHz=0.2%). up to 10 mW 
9. Radio-control units for models (planes, 
boats, etc.) 28 MHz frequency range 28,0-28,2 MHz up to 1 W 
10. Radio-control units for models (planes, 
boats, etc.) 40 MHz frequency range 40,66,-40,70 MHz up to 1 W 
11. Radio Electronic Devices for bar code 
processing and transmission of 
information received from these codes, 
430 MHz frequency range 433,075-434, 79 MHz (433, 92 MHz=0.2%). up to 10 mW  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5
 Page 109No. Radio Electronic Device Nominal Radio Frequency Band Used/Units Power Capability of 
Transmitter Radiation 
12. Audio – radio training devices for 
hearing impaired 33,200; 33,350; 33,450; 33,550; 33,575; 33,600; 33,750; 33,850; 33,875; 33,900; 34,050; 34,150; 
34,175; 34,200; 34,300; 34,375; 34,400; 34,975; 35,025; 35,150; 35,225; 35,375; 35,550; 35,650; 
35,950; 35,975; 36,025; 36,075; 36,125; 36,175; 36,225; 36,275; 36,325; 36,375; 36,425; 36,475; 
36,525; 36,575; 36,625; 36,675; 36,725; 36,775; 36,825; 36,875; 36,625; 36,975; 37,025; 37,075; 
37,125; 37,175; 37,225; 37,275; 37,325; 37,375; 37,425; 37,475; 37,525; 37,575; 37,625; 37,675; 
37,725; 37,775; 37,825; 37,875; 37,925; 37,975; 38,025; 38,075; 38,125; 38,175; 38,225; 38,275; 
38,325; 38,375; 38,425; 38,475; 38,525; 38,575; 38,625; 38,675; 38,725; 38,775; 39,025; 39,225; 
39,400; 39,600; 39,750; 39,850; 39,925; 39,975; 40,050; 40,150; 40,250; 40,325; 40,425; 40,650; 
40,825; 41,300; 41,325; 41,350; 41,375; 41,400; 41,500; 41,600; 41,625; 41,650; 41,675; 41,700; 
41,750; 41,800; 41,900; 41,950; 42,100; 42,150; 42,200; 42,250; 42,350; 42,450; 42,475; 42,500; 
42,525; 42,550; 42,575; 42,600; 42,625; 42,650; 42,675; 42,700; 42,725; 42,750; 42,800; 42,850; 
42,950; 42,975; 43,000; 43,150; 43,175; 43,200; 43,225; 43,250; 43,400; 43,500; 43,700; 43,725; 
43,750; 43,800; 44,000; 44,150; 44,400; 44,475; 44,500; 44,650; 44,750; 44,975; 45,000; 45,800; 
45,950; 45,975; 46,000; 46,125; 46,175; 46,225; 46,425; 46,450; 46,475; 46,550; 46,575; 46,600; 
46,650; 46,675; 46,700; 46,775; 46,800; 46,825; 46,850; 46,875; 46,925; 46,950; 46,975; 47,000; 
47,075; 47,125; 47,250; 47,300; 47,375; 47,400; 47,425; 47,450; 47,550; 47,575; 47,625; 47,675; 
47,700; 47,725; 47,825; 47,850; 47,875; 47,925; 47,975; 48,075; 48,125; 48,150; 48,175; 48,325; 
48,350; 48,375; 48,425; 48,450; 48,475; 57,0125; 57,0250; 57,0375; 57,0500; 57,0625; 57,0750; 
57,0875; 57,1000; 57,1125; 57,1250; 57,1375; 57,1500; 57,1625; 57,1750; 57,1875; 57,2000; 
57,2125; 57,2250; 57,2375; 57,2500; 57,2625; 57,2750; 57,2875; 57,3000; 57,3125; 57,3250; 57,3375; 57,3500; 57,3625; 
57,3750; 57,3875; 57,4000; 57,4125; 57,4250; 57,4375; 57,4500; 57,4750; 57,4875; 57,5000 MHz  up to 10 mW 
Source:   Decree of the Head of the State Agency for Supervision and Control in the Field of Telecommunications and IT, No. 209-10 of 1 9 March 2009.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 110 Table 10:  Non-tariff Measures Applied on Exportation of Goods from Tajikistan 
CC FEA Commodity Description Type of Measure Responsible Authority Legislation WTO Justification 
01, 02, 03, 04, 
05, 15 Live animals, animal products, 
foodstuff Veterinary 
certificate Department of State Veterinary 
Control of the Ministry of 
Agriculture Law No. 73 of the Republic of 
Tajikistan on Veterinary of 
8 December 2003 Agreement on the Application 
of Sanitary and Phytosanitary 
Measures. 
06, 07, 08, 09, 
10, 11, 12, 14, 15 Vegetable products Import Quarantine 
Permission (IQP), Phytosanitary 
certificate State Inspection on Plant 
Quarantine of the Ministry of Agriculture Law No. 25 of the Republic of 
Tajikistan on Plant Quarantine of 12 May 2001 Agreement on the Application 
of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. 
Plant protection 
(Article XX GATT). 
2939 Narcotic and psychotropic 
substances and precursors Government 
permission Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Article XX(b) of GATT. 
2203, 2204, 
2205, 2206, 
2207, 2208 Alcohol and ethyl alcohol Licence SUE "Khurokvori", Ministry of 
Agriculture of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 337 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 1 September 2005 Article XX(b) of GATT. 
30 Exportation of medical goods Licence Ministry of Health of the 
Republic of Tajikistan Resolution No. 337 of the 
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of 1 September 2005 Article XX(b) of GATT. 
74, 75, 76, 78, 
79, 80 Ferrous and nonferrous scrap Licence Ministry of Energy and 
Industry  Resolution No. 172 of the 
Republic of Tajikistan of 
3 April 2007 Article XX(d) of GATT. 
 Cultural valuables Certificate Ministry of Culture of the 
Republic of Tajikistan Law of the Republic of 
Tajikistan on Import and 
Export of Cultural Valuables Protection of national treasures 
of artistic, historical and 
archaeological value, 
GATT Article XX. 
 Work of art, Articles of 
collection and antiquaries of 
significant art, historical, 
scientific or cultural value Government 
resolution Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Protection of national treasures 
of artistic, historical and 
archaeological value, GATT 
Article XX. 
28 Exportation of poisonous 
substances, chemical agents for 
protection of plants, mineral, non-organic and organic 
fertilizer, ozone-harmful 
substances Permission State Committee of Ecologic 
and Forestry Protection of the 
Republic of Tajikistan Law of the Republic of 
Tajikistan on Protection of 
Nature Article XX(b) of GATT.  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5
 Page 111CC FEA Commodity Description Type of Measure Responsible Authority Legislation WTO Justification 
 Hunting trophies Permission State Committee of Ecologic 
and Forestry Protection of the 
Republic of Tajikistan Law of the Republic of 
Tajikistan on Protection of 
Nature Article XX(b) of GATT. 
93 Trade in arms and main parts of 
firearms; Trade in ammunition Licence Ministry of Internal Affairs of 
the Republic of Tajikistan Resolution No. 337 of the 
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of 1 September 2005 Article XXI of GATT. 
 Export of civil arms by physical 
persons Permission Internal affairs bodies of the 
Republic of Tajikistan  Article XXI of GATT. 
 Export of monetary valuables Permission Authorized Bank of Tajikistan   
2844, 8401 Export of uranium and other 
radioactive chemical elements and radioactive isotopes 
(including the fissile or fertile 
chemical elements and isotopes) and their compounds; mixtures 
and residues containing these 
products. Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Article XXI of GATT. 
3601-3604 Export of powders, explosives 
and their waste Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Article XXI of GATT. 
8710, 8802, 
8803, 8804, 
8805, except 
for civil use 9301, 9307 Exportation of armament and 
military equipment, their 
compounds for production, works 
and services in the field of military-technical cooperation Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Article XXI of GATT. 
4901, 4905, 
4906 Exportation of 
normative-technical 
documentation to the products of military purposes (construction 
and operational) Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Article XXI of GATT. 
9301 Exportation of official and civil 
weapons Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Article XXI of GATT. 
6201-6208, 
6214, 3217 Exportation of military clothing 
and their accessories Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Article XXI of GATT.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 112 CC FEA Commodity Description Type of Measure Responsible Authority Legislation WTO Justification 
4015, 4016, 
6210 Export of means of protection 
from military chemical gases, its 
parts and accessories Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Article XXI of GATT. 
8471, 8473, 
8548 Export of cryptographic devices 
(including cryptographic machines, its parts and 
accessories), normative-technical 
documentation to cryptographic devices Government 
Decision Government of the Republic of 
Tajikistan Resolution No. 111 of the 
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of 19 February 1997 Protection of National Security 
(GATT 1947, Article XX). 
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 113 
 
 
  Table 12:  List of Goods Subject to Mandatory Certification 
(pursuant to Resolution No. 450 of 2 September 2010) 
HS 
Code Description Goods subject to 
mandatory certification 
02 Meat and edible meat offal Whole group 
03 Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and ot her aquatic invertebrates Whole group 
04 Dairy produce; birds' eggs; natural honey; edible products of animal 
origin, not elsewhere sp ecified or included. Whole group 
05 Edible products of animal origin not elsewhere specified or included. Whole group 
06 Live trees and other plants; bulbs, roots and the like; cut flowers and 
ornamental foliage Whole group 
07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers Whole group 
08 Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons Whole group 
09 Coffee, tea, mate and spices Whole group 
10 Cereals Whole group 
11 Products of the milling industry; malt; starches; inulin; wheat gluten Whole group 
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruit; 
industrial or medicinal plants; straw and fodder Whole group 
13 Lac; gums, resins and other vegetable saps and extracts Whole group 
14 Vegetable plaiting materials; vegetable products not elsewhere specified 
or included 1404200000 
15 Fats and oil of animal or vegetable origin their sub products, edible fats, 
wax of animal and vegetable origin 1502-1504, 1506-1517, 
1520, 1521 
16 Edible products of meat, fish or and crustaceans, mollusks and other 
aquatic invertebrates Whole group 
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery Whole group 
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations Whole group 
19 Preparations of cereals, fl our, starch or milk; pastry cooks' products Whole group 
20 Prepared of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants Whole group 
21 Other food products Whole group 
22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar Whole group 
23 Residues and waste from the food industries ; prepared animal fodder 2301-2106, 2308 
24 Tobacco and manufactured t obacco substitutes Whole group 
25 Salt, sulphur, soils and stone, plastering materials, lime and cement  2501-2510, 2513, 
2515-2517, 2520-2524 except 2508 30 0000 and 
2508 40 0000 
27 Mineral gasoline, oil and sub products, bituminous substances, natural 
wax 2701, 2704, 2707 10 
1000 270720, 2708-2715, except:  2704 
00 9000 2708, 2713 11 
0000, 2713 12 0000 
30 Pharmaceutical products Whole group 
31 Fertilizers Whole group 
32 Tanning or dyeing extracts; tannins and their derivatives; dyes, pigments 
and other colouring matter; paints and varnishes; putty and other 
mastics; inks Whole group 
33 Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations Whole group 
34 Soap, organic surface- active agents , washing preparations, lubricating 
preparations, artificial wa xes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring 
preparations, candles and sim ilar articles, modelling pastes, 
"dental waxes" and dental preparations with a basis of plaster 3401-3403, 3405-3407 
35 starches albuminoidal substances; modified; glues; enzymes 3501-3502, 3504-3507 
36 explosives; pyrotechnic products; matches; pyrophoric alloys; certain 
combustible preparations 3605000000 WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 114  
 
  HS 
Code Description Goods subject to 
mandatory certification 
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 3808, 3809 91 0000, 
3809 93 0000, 3811, 3814-3816, 3819-3822, 
3824 40 0000, 3824 50 
1000, 3824 90 4000, 
3824 90 700, except: 
3816 00 0000 
39 Plastics and articles thereof Whole group 
40 Rubber and articles thereof 4008-4011, 4013, 4014, 
4015110000, 
4016910000 
41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather 4101, 4102, 4103901000 
43 Furskins and artificial fur; manufactures thereof Whole group 
44 Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal 4401,4403, 4404, 
4406-4413, 4415, 4417-4419 
48 Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard 4801-4803, 4805, 4807, 
4809-4811, 4814, 4816, 
4818-4821, 4823 
49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other products of the printing 
industry; manuscripts, typescripts and plans 4901990000, 
4911990000 
50 Silk Whole group 
52 Cotton Whole group 
54 Man- made filaments 5407,5408 
55 Man- made staple fibres 5512-5516 
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens; special yarns; twine, cordage, ropes and 
cables and articles thereof 5601,5607 
57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings Whole group 
58 special woven fabrics; tufted textile  fabrics; lace; tapestries; trimmings; 
embroidery 5802, 5804, 5809000000 
59 Textile materials coated, covered or laminated textile fabrics; textile 
articles of a kind suitable for industrial use 5904, 5905 
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics Whole group 
61 Articles of apparel and clothing acces sories, knitted or crocheted Whole group 
62 Articles of apparel and clothing accesso ries, not knitted or crocheted Whole group 
63 Other made up textile articles; sets; worn clothing and worn textile 
articles; rags 6103-6306 
64 Footwear, gaiters their parts and similar 6401-6405 
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or similar materials 6801-6803, 6805-6811, 
6813 
69 Ceramic products 6901-6908, 6910-6912, 
6914, except: 
6901 00 0000 6902 00 0000 
70 Glass and glassware 7003-7005, 7007, 
7009-7014, 7019, 702000 
71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi- precious stones, precious 
metals, metals clad with precious me tal, and articles thereof; imitation 
jewellery; coin 7103-7108, 7112-7114, 
7116, 7117 
72 Iron and steel 7208-7223, 7225-7229 
73 Articles of iron or steel Whole group 
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 7604-7616 
82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts 
thereof of base metal 8201-8203, 8206, 8208, 
8212-8215  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 115 
 
 
  HS 
Code Description Goods subject to 
mandatory certification 
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machiner y and mechanical appliances; parts 
thereof 8405, 8409, 8413-8415, 
8418, 8421-8423, 8432, 8433, 8437, 8438, 8443, 
8445-8447, 8450, 8452, 
8467, 8469, 8470-8473, 
8476, 8477, 8479, 8481, 
8483, 8484 except:  8479 89 970 9 
85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders 
and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, 
and parts and accessories of such articles 8501-8504, 8506-8509, 
8511-8513, 8515210000, 
8515291000, 851539, 8516-8519, 8521-8523, 
8525, 8527-8529, 
8535-8541, 8544, 8546, 8547 
87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling- stock, and parts and 
accessories thereof 8708, 8712, 8714, 8715 
90 Optical, photographic, cinematograp hic, measuring, checking, precision, 
medical or surgical instruments an d apparatus; parts and accessories 
thereof 9001, 9006, 9015-9017, 
901831, 9026, 9028, 9029, 9031 
91 Clocks and watches and parts thereof  9101, 9102, 9105 
94 Furniture:  bedding, mattresses, mattress supports; articles of bedding 
and similar furnishing (for example,  mattresses, quilts, cushions, pouffes 
and pillows) fitted with springs or st uffed or internally  fitted with any 
material; lamps and lighting fittings not elsewhere specified or included; 
lighting signal boards, light boards with the name or title or address and 
similar; collapsible building constructions  Whole group 
95 Toys, games and sport equipment, parts and accessories thereof 9603100000, 
9603210000, 9616, 9617 
96 Other prepared products 9603100000, 
9603210000, 9616, 9617 
Source:   Decree No. 486 of 1 October 2008, as amended by the Decree No. 450 of 2 September 2010. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 116  
 
  Table 14:  Plant and Animal Quarantine Diseases 
(a) Plant Quarantine Pests/Diseases 
No. Name 
Pests 
1. Pektonophora gossipiella sound 
2. Unaspis citri Comst. 
3. Spodoptera litura Fabr. 
4. Hyphantria cunea Drury. 
5. Caulophilus latinasus Say 
6. Icerya purchasi Mask. 
7. Caryedon gonagra L. 
8. Pantomorus leucoloma Boh. 
9. Tetradacus citri Chen. 
10. Zabrotes subfasciatus Boh. 
11. Lekanium deltae (Lizeri) 
12. Grapholitha molesta Busck. 
13. Dacus dorsalis Hend. 
14. Diaphorina citri Kuway. 
15. Pseudococcus citriculus Green. 
16. Unaspis yanonensis Kuw. 
17. Numonia pyrivorella Mats. 
18. Viteus vitifolii Fitch 
19. Spodoptera littoral is Boisd. 
20. Bruchidius incarriatus Boh. 
21. Callosobruchus (sp. sp.) 
22. Ceroplastes rusci L, 
23. Phthorimaea operculella Zell. 
24. Aonidiella aurantii Mask. 
25. Sinoxylon conigerum Gerst. 
26. Rhizoecus Kondonis Kuw. 
27. Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). 
28. Scrobipalpopsis solanivora Pav. 
29. Trogoderma granarium Ev. 
30. Dinoderus bifoveolatus Woll. 
31. Callosobruchus chinensis L. 
32. Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley) 
33. Ceratitis cosyra Walk. 
34.. Pseudoparlatoriaparlatorioi des (Comst). 
35. Carposina niponensis Wlsghm. 
36. Nipaeococcus nipae (Mask). 
37. Ceratitis capitata Wied. 
Nematodes 
38. Meliodogyne incognita/M.hapla/Kof.  White 
39. Ditylenchus destructor Thoene 
40. Bursapnelenchus xylophilus Nikee 
41. Globodera pallida (Stone) Milvey et Stone 
Alien Plants 
42. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L 
43. Ambrosia trifida L. 
44. Ambrosia psilostachya DC. 
45. Helianthus ciliaris DC. 
46. Helianthus califomicus D.C 
47. Solanum triflorum L.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 117 
 
 
  No. Name 
48. Solanum carolinense L. 
49. Striga (sp. sp.) 
50. Cenchrus Pauciflorus Benth. 
Plant Diseases 
51. Glomerella gossypii (South.) Edgerton 
52. Tilletia (Neovossia) indica Mitra. 
53. Phymatotrichum omnivorum (Schear) Duggar 
54. Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Percival 
55. Mycosphaerella linorum (Wr.) Garcia Rada 
56. Plum pox, Primus virus 7 
57. Erwinia amylovora. 
58. Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri. 
 
Plant Quarantine Pests with Limited Occurrence in Tajikistan 
No. Name 
Pests 
1. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst. 
2. Pseudococcus comstoki Kuw. 
3. Dialeurodes citri Ashm. 
4. Leptinotarsa desemlineata Say. 
Nematodes 
5. Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Behrens 
Alien Plants 
6. Acropthon repens (L.) DC 
7. Cuscuta campestris Juncker. 
8. Cuscuta monogyna Vahl. 
 WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 118  
 
  (b) Animal Quarantine Diseases 
No. Name 
1. Foot and mouth disease 
2. Siberian ulcer 
3. Brucellosis 
4. Tuberculosis 
5. Small cattle-plague 
6. Rabies 
7. Sheep and goat pox 
8. Avian plague (Newcastle disease) 
 
Diseases and Time Limits 
No. Disease Time Limit 
All Animals 
1. African porcine fever 3 years preceding the importation - in the whole 
territory of the exporting country 
2. Foot and mouth disease 12 months preceding the importation - in the whole 
territory of the exporting country 
Large Cattle (Bovine Animals) 
3. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy; scrapie of 
goats. In accordance with the OIE International Veterinary 
Code - in the whole territory of the exporting country 
4. Rinderpest; small cattle-plague; contagious 
pleuropneumonia, vesicular stomatitis; peste 
des petits ruminants.  12 months preceding the importation - in the whole 
territory of the exporting country 
5. Tuberculosis; brucellosis; leucosis. 6 months preceding the importation - on the farm  
6. Antrax; emphysemic carbuncle (blackleg), 20 days preceding the importation - on the farm of 
animal's origin 
Sheep and Goats 
7. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy; scrapie of 
goats. In accordance with the OIE International Veterinary 
Code - in the whole territory of the exporting country 
8. Blue Tongue Disease (Epizootic Hemorrhagic 
Disease -EHD); bovine plague; contagious 
pleuropneumonia; peste des petits ruminants 12 months preceding the importation - in the whole 
territory of the exporting country 
9. Adenomatosis; M aedi-Visna disease; 
arthritis-encephalitis.  3 years preceding the importation - on the farm of 
animal's origin 
10. Sheep and goat pox 12 months preceding the importation - on the farm of 
animal's origin 
11. Tuberculosis; brucellosis. 6 months preceding the importation - on the farm of 
animal's origin 
12. Antrax 20 days preceding th e importation - on the farm of 
animal's origin 
Swine 
13. Porcine vesicular disease  12 months preceding the importation - in the whole 
territory of the exporting country 
14. Classic porcine fever; Auesky disease; Porcine 
Enterovirus Encephalomyelitis (Teschen 
disease);  
 12 months preceding the importation - in the 
administrative territory of the exporting country (state, 
province, dist rict, county) 
15. Trichinellosis  3 years preceding the importation - in the whole 
territory of the exporting country 
16. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome 
(PRRS) 12 months preceding the importation - on the farm of 
animal's origin 
17. Antrax; Porcine erysipelas (Erysipelas suum) 20  days preceding the importation - on the farm of 
animal's origin  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 119 
 
 
  Table 16:  Fees for Intellectual Property Protection 
(a) Fees for Patenting Inventions 
Actions for which Fees are Charged For Nationals of Tajikistan 
(in Minimum Salary) For Foreign Persons, US$ 
Filing a patent application 0.2 50 
Amendments on the volition of the applicant  0.1 10 
Examination of an application as to substance 1.0 410 
(a reduction of the fee by 20 
and 50% is provided) 
Changes in invention formula on the volition of the applicant 0.2 80 
Publication of the application 0.8  200 
Lodging an appeal before  the Appeal Board:   
- against a decision of refusal as a result of 
examination as to form 0.3 60 
- against a decision of refusal as a result of 
examination as to substance 0.8 400 
Grant of a patent 0.8 200 
Registration of a licence agreement 3.8 60 
 
(b) Fees for the Maintenance of a Patent for Invention 
Years For Nationals of Tajikistan 
(in Minimum Salary) For Foreign Persons, US$ 
3-4 0.2 50 
5-6 0.3 80 
7-8 0.4 100 
9-10 0.5 150 
11-12 0.9 230 
13-14 1.2 300 
15-16 1.5 400 
17-18 1.5 400 
19-20 2.0 500 
 
(c) Fees for Patenting Utility Models 
Actions for which fees are charged For nationals of 
Tajikistan 
(in minimum salary) For foreign persons, US$ 
Filing a utility model application 0.1 30 
Amendments on the volition of the applicant 0.1 10 
Publication of the application 0.8 200 
Grant of a certificate for a utility model 0.8 200 
Registration of a licence agreement 3.8 60 
 WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
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  (d) Fees for the Maintenance of a Certificate of the Registration of a Utility Model 
Years For nationals of Tajikistan 
(in Minimum Salary) For Foreign Persons, US$ 
1-2 0.1 30 
3 0.2 50 
4-5 0.3 80 
 
(e) Fees for Patenting of an Industrial Design 
Actions for which Fees are Charged For Nationals of Tajikistan 
(in Minimum Salary) For Foreign Persons, US$ 
Filing a patent application 0.2 30 
Amendments on the volition of the applicant 0.1 20 
Examination of an application as to substance  0.4 210 
(a reduction of the fee by 
20 and 50% is provided) 
Lodging an appeal before  the Appeal Board:   
- against a decision of refusal as a result of 
examination as to form 0.3 60 
- against a decision of refusal as a result of 
examination as to substance 0.8 400 
Grant of a patent for an industrial design 0.4 200 
Registration of a licence agreement  3.8 60 
 
(f) Fees for the Maintenance of a Pa tent for an Industrial Design 
Years For Nationals of Tajikistan 
(in Minimum Salary) For Foreign Persons, US$ 
3-4 0.2 50 
5-6 0.3 80 
7-8 0.4 100 
9-10 0.6 150 
 
(g) Fees for Renewal of a Patent for an Industrial Design 
Years For Nationals of Tajikistan 
(in Minimum Salary) For Foreign Persons, US$ 
1-2 0.6 150 
3-5 0.8 200 
 
(h) Fees for the Registration of a Trademark and Service Mark 
Actions for which Fees are Charged For Nationals of Tajikistan 
(in Minimum Salary) For Foreign Persons, US$ 
Filing application for registration 1.0 160 
Lodging an appeal before  the Appeal Board:   
- against a decision of refusal to accept an 
application 0.6 100 
- against a decision of refusal to register a 
trademark 1.6 350  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 121 
 
 
  Actions for which Fees are Charged For Nationals of Tajikistan 
(in Minimum Salary) For Foreign Persons, US$ 
- against the registration of a trademark 3.2 650 
- registration of a trademark 1.6 250 
Entry of amendments in th e State Register 0.4 60 
Registration of a licence agreement 7.6  120 
Registration of an agreement on assignment of a 
certificate 12.6 100 
Renewal of the registration 3.2 500 
 WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 122  
 
  (i) Fees for The Registration of an Appellation of Origin and Grant the Right to use them 
Actions for which Fees are Charged For Nationals of Tajikistan 
(in Minimum Salary) For Foreign Persons, US$ 
Filing application for gran t of a certificate 0.8 110 
Lodging an appeal before  the Appeal Board:   
- against a decision of refusal as a result of 
examination as to form 0.6 100 
- against a decision of refusal to register an 
appellation of origin and grant the right to use 
them  1.6 350 
- against a registration of an appellation of 
origin and grant the right to use them 3.2 650 
Grant of a certificate of the right to use an 
appellation of origin 1.6 250 
Entry of amendments in th e State Registry 0.4 60 
Renewal of a certificate of the right to use an 
appellation of origin 3.2 500 
 
(j) Copyright Fees Related to the Official Regi stration of Literature, Science and Arts Works 
Types of Works For Nationals of Tajikistan 
(in Somoni) For Foreign Nationals US$ 
Fiction, scientific-technical and political 
literature, textbooks, etc. 3-9 50 
Musical compositions in notation form 4-12 70 
Graphics 4-12 100 
Calendars, crosswords, etc. 2-6 50 
Audio-visual works 4-12 70 
Software and database 5-15 100 
  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 123 
 
 
  [Draft Decision 
ACCESSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN 
Decision of […] 
 [The General Council], [The Ministerial Conference] 
 Having regard to  paragraph 2 of Article XII and pa ragraph 1 of Article IX of the 
Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (the "WTO Agreement"), and the 
Decision-Making Procedures under Articles IX and X II of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the 
World Trade Organization agreed by the General Council (WT/L/93); 
 [ Conducting  the functions of the Ministerial Conference in the interval between meetings 
pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article IV of the WTO Agreement;] 
 Taking note  of the application of the Republic  of Tajikistan for accession to the 
Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the Wo rld Trade Organization dated [...]; 
 Noting  the results of the negotiations directed toward the establishment of the terms of 
accession of the Republic of Tajikistan to the WTO Ag reement and having prepared a Draft Protocol 
on the Accession of the Republic of Tajikistan; 
 Decides  as follows: 
 The Republic of Tajikistan may accede to th e WTO Agreement on the terms and conditions 
set out in the Draft Protocol annexed to this Decision. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 124  
 
  DRAFT PROTOCOL 
ON THE ACCESSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN 
Preamble 
 The World Trade Organization (hereinafter referred to as the "WTO"), pursuant to Article XII 
of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (hereinafter referred to as the "WTO Agreement"), and th e Republic of Tajikistan, 
 Taking note  of the Report of the Working Party on th e Accession of the Republic of Tajikistan 
to the WTO Agreement reproduced in document WT/A CC/TJK/[…], dated […] (h ereinafter referred to 
as the "Working Party Report"), 
 Having regard  to the results of the negotiations on the accession of the Republ ic of Tajikistan to 
the WTO Agreement, 
 Agree  as follows: 
PART I - GENERAL 
1. Upon entry into force of this Protocol pursu ant to paragraph 8, the Republic of Tajikistan 
accedes to the WTO Agreement pursuant to Articl e XII of that Agreement and thereby becomes a 
Member of the WTO. 
2. The WTO Agreement to which the Republ ic of Tajikistan accedes shall be the 
WTO Agreement, including the Explanatory Notes to  that Agreement, as rectified, amended or 
otherwise modified by such legal in struments as may have entered into  force before the date of entry 
into force of this Protocol.  This Protocol, wh ich shall include the comm itments referred to in 
paragraph […] of the Working Part y Report, shall be an integral part of the WTO Agreement. 
3. Except as otherwis e provided for in paragraph […] of  the Working Party Report, those 
obligations in the Multilateral Trade Agreements annexed to the WTO Agreement that are to be implemented over a period of time starting with the entry into force of that Agreement shall be 
implemented by the Republic of Tajikistan as if it had accepted that Agreement on the date of its entry 
into force.  WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
 Page 125 
 
 
  4. The Republic of Tajikistan may maintain a measure inconsistent with paragraph 1 of Article II 
of the GATS provided that such a measure was recorded  in the list of Article II Exemptions annexed to 
this Protocol and meets the conditions of th e Annex to the GATS on Article II Exemptions. 
PART II - SCHEDULES 
5. The Schedules reproduced in Annex I to th is Protocol shall become the Schedule of 
Concessions and Commitm ents annexed to the General Ag reement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 
(hereinafter referred to as the "GATT 1994") and the Schedule of Specific Co mmitments annexed to the 
General Agreement on Trade in Services (hereinafter referred to as "GATS") relating to the Republic of 
Tajikistan.  The staging of the concessions an d commitments listed in the Schedules shall be 
implemented as specified in the releva nt parts of the respective Schedules. 
6. For the purpose of the reference in paragraph 6( a) of Article II of the GATT 1994 to the date of 
that Agreement, the applicable date in respect of the Schedules of Con cessions and Commitments 
annexed to this Protocol shall be the date  of entry into force of this Protocol. 
PART III - FINAL PROVISIONS 
7. This Protocol shall be open for acceptance, by signature or otherwise, by the Republic of 
Tajikistan until […]. 
8. This Protocol shall enter into force on th e thirtieth day following the day upon which it shall 
have been accepted by th e Republic of Tajikistan. 
9. This Protocol shall be deposited with the Director-General of the WTO.  The Director-General 
of the WTO shall promptly furnish a certified copy of this Protocol and a notification of acceptance by 
the Republic of Tajikistan thereto pursuant to para graph 9 to each Member of the WTO and to the 
Republic of Tajikistan. 
10. This Protocol shall be register ed in accordance with the provisi ons of Article 102 of the Charter 
of the United Nations. 
 Done at […] this […] day of […] in a singl e copy in the English, French and Spanish 
languages, each text being authentic, except that a Schedule annexed hereto may specify that it its authentic in only one of these languages. WT/ACC/SPEC/TJK/5 
Page 126  
 
  ANNEX I 
SCHEDULE […] – REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN 
Authentic only in the … language. 
(Circulated in document WT/ACC/TJK/…/Add.1) 
_______________ 
SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS ON SERVICES 
LIST OF ARTICLE II EXEMPTIONS 
Authentic only in the … language. 
(Circulated in document WT/ACC/TJK/…/Add.2)]  
 
__________