APPENDIX TABLES China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 197 
 
 
Table AI.1 
Merchandise exports by group of products, 2004-07 
(US$ billion and per cent) 
  2004 2005 2006 2007 
Total exports (US$ billi on) 593.3 762.0 969.0 1,218.0 
 (Per cent) 
       Processed exports 55.3 54.7 52.7 50.7 
Total primary products 8.4 7.9 7.3 6.6 
   Agriculture 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.2 
      Food 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.7 
      Agricultural raw material 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 
   Mining 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.4 
      Ores and other minerals 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 
      Non-ferrous metals 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.6 
      Fuels 2.4 2.3 1.8 1.6 
     
Manufactures 91.4 91.9 92.4 93.2 
   Iron and steel 2.3 2.5 3.4 4.2 
   Chemicals 4.4 4.7 4.6 5.0 
   Other semi-manufactures 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.7 
   Machinery and transport equipment 45.2 46.2 47.1 47.4 
      Power generating machines 0.8 0.8 0.8 .. 
      Other non-electrical machinery 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.6 
      Office machines & telecommunication equipment 29.0 29.7 29.7 .. 
7522 Digital automatic data processing machines, containing 
in the same housing at least a central processing unit 3.9 4.3 4.5 .. 
7643 Radio or television transmi ssion apparatus 2.7 3.1 3.7 .. 
7599 Parts and accessories of 751.1, 751.2, 751.9 and 7 52 4.1 3.8 3.4 .. 
7649 Parts and accessories for appara tus of division 76 3.1 3.3 3.2  
7526 Input or output units for automatic data processing 
machines, whether or not presented with the rest of a system 
and whether or not containing storage units in the same housing 3.8 3.3 2.7 .. 
7764 Electronic integrated circuits and microassemblies 1.9 1.9 2.2  
7638 Sound/video recording/repr oducing apparatus; video 
recording/reproducing apparatus 2.7 2.7 2.2 .. 
7611 Colour television r eceivers 0.9 1.1 1.3 .. 
7527 Storage units for data processing 1.2 1.2 1.2 .. 
7641 Electrical apparatus for line telephony/telegraphy 1.0 1.0 1.0 .. 
      Other electrical machines 7.2 7.1 7.4 .. 
7712 Other electric power machinery; parts of 771 1.0 1.0 1.0 .. 
7758 Electro-thermic appliances, n.e.s. 1.0 1.0 0.9 .. 
      Automotive products 1.1 1.3 1.5 .. 
      Other transport equipment 2.7 2.7 2.7 .. 
   Textiles 5.6 5.4 5.0 4.6 
   Clothing 10.4 9.7 9.8 9.5 
   Other consumer goods 15.9 15.7 14.7 14.9 
8719 Liquid crystal devices, n.e.s.; lasers  (excl. laser diodes) 1.2 1.5 1.4 .. 
Other 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
.. Not available. 
Source : UNSD, Comtrade data base (SITC Rev.3);  and General Administration of Customs (2007), China's Customs 
 Statistics:  Monthl y Exports & Imports,  12, Series No. 220.  WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 198 
 
 
Table AI.2 
Merchandise imports by group of products, 2004-07 
(US$ billion and per cent) 
  2004 2005 2006 2007 
Total imports (US$ b illion) 561.2 660. 0 791.5 955.8 
 (Per cent) 
      Processed imports 39.5 41.5 40.6 38.5 
Total primary products 23.4 25.0 26.5 28.8 
   Agriculture 7.5 6.8 6.5 6.8 
      Food 3.8 3.3 2.9 3.4 
         2222 Soya beans 1.2 1.2 0.9 .. 
      Agricultural raw material 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.4 
   Mining 15.9 18.1 20.0 22.0 
      Ores and other minerals 4.8 5.8 5.9 7.6 
         2815 Iron ores and concen trates, not agglomerated 1.9 2.4 2.4 .. 
      Non-ferrous metals 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.4 
      Fuels 8.6 9.7 11.2 11.0 
         3330 Crude oils of petroleum and bituminous minerals 6.0 7.2 8.4 .. 
Manufactures 76.3 74.7 73.2 70.9 
   Iron and steel 4.2 4.0 2.7 2.5 
   Chemicals 11.7 11.8 11.0 11.2 
   Other semi-manufactures 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.1 
   Machinery and transport equipment 45.0 44.0 45.1 43.2 
      Power generating machines 1.2 1.2 1.1 .. 
      Other non-electrical machinery 10.3 8.5 8.0 7.5 
         7284 Machinery and appliances fo r particular industries, n.e.s. 2.2 1.6 1.5 .. 
      Office machines & telecommunication equipment 22.9 24.3 25.0 .. 
         7764 Electronic integrated circuits and microassemblies 10.9 12.4 13.4 .. 
         7649 Parts and accessories fo r apparatus of division 76 3.2 3.3 3.2 .. 
         7599 Parts and accessories of 751.1, 751.2, 751.9 and 752 2.6 2.5 2.4 .. 
         7527 Storage units for data processing 1.5 1.7 1.7 .. 
         7763 Diodes, transistors, etc. 1.3 1.3 1.3 .. 
      Other electrical machines 6.3 6.3 6.6 .. 
         7722 Printed circuits 0.9 1.0 1.1 .. 
         7725 Switches, relays, fuses etc.  for a voltage not exceeding 1000 V 0.8 0.9 1.0 .. 
      Automotive products 2.6 2.1 2.3 .. 
         7843 Other motor vehicle parts and accessories of 722, 781 to 783 1.3 1.0 1.1 .. 
      Other transport equipment 1.7 1.6 2.1 .. 
         7924 Aeroplanes, etc. (excl. helicopters), >15,000 kg unladen 0.7 0.8 1.2 .. 
   Textiles 2.7 2.3 2.1 1.7 
   Clothing 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 
   Other consumer goods 8.7 9.0 8.8 8.9 
         8719 Liquid crystal devices, n.e.s. ; lasers (excl. laser diodes) 4.1 4.6 4.5 .. 
Other 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 
.. Not available. 
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (SIT C Rev.3);  and General Admi nistration of Customs (2007), China's Customs 
Statistics:  Monthl y Exports & Imports,  12, Series No. 220. China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 199 
 
 
Table AI.3 
Merchandise exports by destination, 2004-07 
(US$ billion and per cent) 
  2004 2005 2006 2007 
Total exports (US$ billi on) 593.3 762.0 968.9 1,218.0 
 (Per cent) 
  America 25.5 26.0 26.3 24.9 
    United States 21.1 21.4 21.0 19.1 
    Other America 4.4 4.6 5.3 5.8 
      Canada 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 
      Mexico 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.0 
  Europe 19.3 20.2 20.9 21.8 
    EC(25) 18.1 18.9 18.8 20.1 
      Germany 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.0 
      Netherlands 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.4 
      United Kingdom 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 
      Italy 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 
      France 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.7 
      Spain 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 
      Belgium 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 
    EFTA 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 
    Other Europe 0.8 0.9 1.7 1.2 
  Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)a 2.3 2.8 2.9 3.9 
      Russian Federation 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.3 
  Africa 2.3 2.4 2.7 3.1 
  Middle East 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.6 
      United Arab Emirates 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 
  Asia 47.6 45.6 44.0 42.8 
    Japan 12.4 11.0 9.5 8.4 
    Six East Asian Traders 28.4 27.7 27.6 26.5 
      Hong Kong, China 17.0 16.3 16.0 15.1 
      Korea, Rep. of 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 
      Singapore 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4 
      Chinese Taipei 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 
      Malaysia 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 
      Thailand 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 
    Other Asia 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.9 
      India 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.0 
      Australia 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 
      Indonesia 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 
Memorandum:     
APEC 70.2 68.6 66.6 63.7 
ASEAN 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.7 
EC(15) 16.8 17.7 17.5 18.2 
a Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) comprises Armeni a, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, 
Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3);  and General Administration of Customs (2007), China's Customs Statistics:  Monthly 
Exports & Imports,  12, Series No. 220.  
 WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 200 
 
 
Table AI.4 
Merchandise imports by origin, 2004-07 
(US$ billion and per cent) 
  2004 2005 2006 2007 
Total imports (US$ b illion) 561.2 660. 0 791.4 955.8 
 (Per cent) 
  America 13.1 12.6 12.8 13.8 
    United States 8.0 7.4 7.5 7.3 
    Other America 5.2 5.2 5.3 6.5 
      Canada 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 
      Brazil 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.9 
  Europe 13.6 12.1 12.3 12.6 
    EC(25) 12.5 11.2 11.4 11.6 
      Germany 5.4 4.7 4.8 4.7 
      France 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 
      Italy 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 
      United Kingdom 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 
    EFTA 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 
    Other Europe 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
  Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)a 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.9 
      Russian Federation 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 
  Africa 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.8 
      Angola 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.3 
  Middle East 3.9 4.7 5.2 5.0 
      Saudi Arabia 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.8 
      Iran Islamic Rep. 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.4 
  Asia 56.8 55.9 54.0 53.0 
    Japan 16.8 15.2 14.6 14.0 
    Six East Asian Traders 32.5 32.5 31.2 30.0 
      Korea, Rep. of 11.1 11.6 11.3 10.9 
      Chinese Taipei 11.5 11.3 11.0 10.6 
      Malaysia 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 
      Thailand 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.4 
      Singapore 2.5 2.5 2.2 1.8 
      Hong Kong, China 2.1 1.9 1.4 1.3 
    Other Asia 7.5 8.2 8.2 9.0 
      Australia 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.7 
      Philippines 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.4 
      India 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 
      Indonesia 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 
Other 6.9 8.4 9.3 9.0 
   Free zones 6.9 8.4 9.3 9.0 
Memorandum:     
APEC 74.7 74.8 73.6 72.3 
ASEAN 11.2 11.4 11.3 11.3 
EC(15) 12.2 10.9 11.0 11.1 
a Commonwealth of Independent States comprises Armenia, Azer baijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, 
Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turk menistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database (S ITC Rev.3);  and General Admi nistration of Customs (2007), China's Customs 
Statistics:  Monthl y Exports & Imports,  12, Series No. 220. China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 201 
 
 
Table AII.1 
China's major trade-related laws and regulations, April 2008 
Legislation (comment) Adoption of 
latest 
amendment Entry into 
effect Date of first 
adoption 
Foreign trade, exchange restrictions and foreign investment    
Foreign Trade Law (G/LIC/N/1/CHN/4) 6 Apr 2004 1 July 2004 12 May 1994 
Regulations on Origin of Import a nd Export Goods 18 Aug 2004 1 Jan 2005  
Regulation on the Administration of  the Import and Export of Goods 
(G/LIC/N/1/CHN/4) 31 Oct 2001 1 Jan 2002  
Rules for the Registration of Foreign Trade Operators 19 June 2004 1 July 2004  
Rules on Investigations of Foreign Trade Barriers 
(Replaced 2002 Provisional Rules on Inves tigations of Foreign Trade Barriers) 21 Jan 2005 1 Mar 2005  
Regulations on the Export Control of Arms Products 15 Oct 2002a 15 Nov 2002 22 Oct 1997 
Regulations on  the Export Control  of Nu clear Products  1 Nov 2006 1 Nov 2006 1 Aug 1997 
Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-purpose Biological Products and 
Relevant Equipment and Technology 14 Oct 2002a 1 Dec 2002  
Regulations on the Export Control of Du al-purpose Nuclear Products and Related 
Technologies 26 Jan 2007 26 Jan 2007 10 June 1998 
Regulations on the Export Control of Miss iles and Related Items and Technologies  22 Aug 2002a 22 Aug 2002  
Regulations on the Export Control of Cert ain Chemicals and Re lated Equipment and 
Technologies 19 Oct 2002a 19 Oct 2002  
Regulations on Foreign Exchange Control 14 Jan 1997a 14 Jan 1997 5 Dec 1980 
Decision of the Standing Committee of  the NPC on Punishing Crimes of 
Fraudulently Purchasing, Evading and I llegally Trading in Foreign Exchange 16  Dec 1998 25 Jan 1999  
Law on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint-Ventures 15 Mar 2001 15 Mar 2001 1 July 1979 
Regulations for the Implementation of the Law on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint-
Ventures 22 July 2001a 22 July 2001 20 Sep 1983 
Law on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint-Ventures 31 Oct 2000 31 Oct 2000 13 Apr 1988 
Regulations for the Implementation of the Law on Chinese-Foreign Contractual 
Joint-Ventures 4 Sept 1995a 4 Sept 1995  
Law on Foreign-Capital Enterprise 31 Oct 2000 31 Oct 2000 12 Apr 1986 
Regulations for the Implementation of the Law on Foreign-Capital Enterprises 12 Apr 2001a 12 Apr 2001 28 Oct 1990 
Law on the Protection of Investment of Taiwan Compatriots 5 Mar 1994 5 Mar 1994  
Provisions on Guiding Foreign Investment Direction 11 Feb 2002 1 Apr 2002 7 June 1995 
Measures for the Administration of Partnership Ente rprise Registration 9 May 2007 1 June 2007 19 Nov 1997 
Customs- and tariff-related regulations    
Customs Law 8 July 2000 1 Jan 2001 22 Jan 1987 
Regulations on Import and Export Tariff (G/ VAL/N/1/CHN/4) 29 Oct 2003 1 Jan 2004 18 Mar 1992 
Anti-dumping Regulations (G/ADP/N/1/CHN/2/Suppl.3) 31 Mar 2004a 1 June 2004 26 Nov 2001 
Regulations on Countervailing Meas ures (G/SCM/N/1/CHN/1/Suppl.3) 31 Mar 2004a 1 June 2004 31 Oct 2001 
Safeguard Regulations (G/SG/N/1/CHN/2/Suppl.3) 31 Mar 2004a 1 June 2004 26 Nov 2001 
Regulations on Customs Protection of Intellectual Prope rty (IP/N/1/CHN/2/Add.1) 26 Nov 2003 1 Mar 2004 5 July 1995 
Regulations on Customs Statistics 25 Dec 2005 1 Mar.2006  
Regulations on Export Products Responding to  Antidumping Cases 14 July 2006 14 Aug 2006  
Standards and technical regulations     
Law on Import and Export Commodity Inspection 28 Apr 2002 1 Oct 2002 21 Feb 1989 
Regulations for Implementation of  Import and Export Commodity Inspection 10 Aug 2005 1 Dec 2005 7 Oct 1992 
Standardization Law 29 Dec 1988 1 Apr 1989  
Regulations for the Implementation of th e Standardization Law 6 Apr 1990 6 Apr 1990  
Law on the Entry and Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine 30 Oct 1991 1 Apr 1992  
Regulations for Implementation of the La w on the Entry and Exit Animal and Plant 
Quarantine 2 Dec 1996 1 Jan 1997  
Food Hygiene Law 30 Oct 1995 30 Oct 1995  
Law on Product Quality 8 July 2000 1 Sept 2000 22 Feb 1993 
Regulations for Compulsory Product Certification 3 Dec 2001 1 May 2002  
Regulations on Inspection and Quarantine of Entr y and Exit Aquatic Products 18 Oct 2002 10 Dec 2002  
Table AII.1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 202 
 
 
Legislation (comment) Adoption of 
latest 
amendment Entry into 
effect Date of first 
adoption 
Frontier Health and Quarantine Law 2 Dec 1986 1 May 1987  
Regulations on Authentication a nd Approval 20 Aug  2003 1 Nov 2003  
Regulations for Safety Control of Danger ous Chemical Products 9 Jan 2002 15 Mar 2002  
Regulations on Imposing Administrative Pe nalties related to Certification and 
Accreditation 9 Dec 2003 9 Dec 2003  
Special Regulations of the State Counc il on Strengthening the Supervision and 
Administration the Safety of Food and Other Products 26 July 2007 26 Jul 2007  
Agricultural Products Quality Sa fety Law 29.04.2006 1 Nov 2006  
Intellectual property rights     
Copyright Law (IP/N/1/CHN/C/1) 27 Oct 2001 27 Oct 2001 7 Sept 1990 
Regulations for the Implementation of the Copyright Law (IP/N/1/CHN/C/3) 2 Aug 2002a 15 Sept 2002 24 May 1991 
Trademark Law (IP/N/1/CHN/T/1) 27 Oct 2001 1 Dec 2001 23 Aug 1982 
Regulations for the Implementation of the Trademark Law (IP/N/1/CHN/T/2) 2 Aug 2002a 15 Sept 2002  
Patent Law (IP/N/1/CHN/I/1) 25 Aug 2000 1 July 2001 12 Mar 1984 
Regulations for Implementation of the Patent Law (IP/N/1/CHN/I/3) 28 Dec 2002a 1 Feb 2003  
Regulations on Computer Software Protection (IP/N/1/CHN/C/2/Rev.1) 20 Dec 2001a 1 Jan 2002  
Regulations on the Protection of Layout -Design of Integrated Circuits 
(IP/N/1/CHN/L/1/Rev.1) 28 Mar 2001 1 Oct 2001  
Regulations on Protection of New Varieties of  Plants (IP/N/1/CHN/P/1) 20 Mar 1997 1 Oct 1997  
Regulations on the Administration of Tec hnology Import and Export 31 Oct 2001 1 Jan 2002  
Tax regime    
Law on the Administration of Tax Collection 28 Apr 2001 1 May 2001 4 Sept 1992 
Decision of the Standing Committee of th e NPC Regarding the Application of 
Provisional Regulations on such Taxes as Value-added Tax, Consumption Tax and 
Business Tax to Enterprises with Forei gn Investment and Foreign Enterprises 29 Dec 1993 29 Dec 1993  
Interim Regulations on Value-a dded Tax 26 Nov 1993 1 Jan 1994  
Interim Regulations on Consump tion Tax 26 Nov 1993 1 Jan 1994  
Interim Regulations on Busine ss Tax 26 Nov 1993 1 Jan 1994  
Interim Regulations on Land Appreci ation Tax 26 Nov 1993 1 Jan 1994  
Interim Regulations on Resour ces Tax 26 Nov 1993 1 Jan 1994  
Law  on Income Tax for Enterprises 16 Mar 2007 1 Jan 2008  
Income Tax Law for Individuals 29 June 2007 29 June 2007 10 Sept 1980 
Regulation for the Implementation of the Enterprise Tax Law 28 Nov 2007 1 Jan 2008  
Sectoral laws    
Agriculture    
Agricultural Law 28 Dec 2002 1 Mar 2003 2 July 1993 
Law on Land Contract in Rural Areas 29 Aug 2002 1 Mar 2003  
Land Administration Law 28 Aug 2004 28 Aug 2004 25 June 1986 
Law on the Popularization of Agricultural Technology 2 July 1993 2 July 1993  
Grassland Law 28 Dec 2002 1 Mar 2003 18 June 1985 
Seed Law 28 Aug 2004 28 Aug 2004 8 July 2000 
Fisheries Law 28 Aug 2004 28 Aug 2004 20 Jan 1986 
Forestry Law 29 Apr 1998 1 July 1998 20 Sept 1984 
Law on Prompting Agricultural Mechanization 25 June 2004 1 Nov 2004  
Regulations on Management to Grai n circulation 19 May 2004 26 May 2004  
Regulations on the Management to Centra l Grain Reserves 6 Aug 2003 15 Aug 2003  
Manufacturing    
Law on Tobacco Monopoly 29 June 1991 1 Jan 1992  
Pharmaceutical Administration Law 28 Feb 2001 1 Dec 2001 20 Sept 1984 
Steel Industry Development Policy 20 July 2005 20 July 2005  
Industrial Policy for the Automobile Industry  21 May 2004 1 June 2004 19 Feb 1994 
Automobile Trade Policy 10 Aug 2005 10 Aug 2005  
Administrative Regulations on Recalls of Def ective Automobile Products 15 Mar 2004 1 Oct 2004  
Table AII.1 (cont'd)  China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 203 
 
 
Legislation (comment) Adoption of 
latest 
amendment Entry into 
effect Date of first 
adoption 
Energy, utilities and natural resources    
Mineral Resources Law 29 Aug 1996 29 Aug 1996 19 Mar 1986 
Water Law 29 Aug 2002 1 Oct 2002 21 Jan 1988 
Regulations on Exploitation of Offshore Petroleum Resources in Cooperation with 
Foreign Enterprises 23 Sept 2001 23 Sept 2001 30 Jan 1982 
Regulations on Exploitation of On-shore Petroleum Resources in Cooperation with 
Foreign Enterprises 23 Sept 2001 23 Sept 2001 7 Oct 1993 
Provisional Measures for Administration of the Market of Processed Oil  1 Jan 2005 1 Jan 2005  
Law on the Administration of the Use of Sea Areas 27 Oct 2001 1 Jan 2002  
Law on Water and Soil Conservation 29 June 1991 29 June 1991  
Law on Conserving Energy 1 Nov 1997 1 Jan 1998  
Mineral Resources Law 29 Aug 1996 1 Jan 1997 19 Mar 1986 
Law on Coal Industry 29 Aug 1996 1 Dec 1996  
Electric Power Law 28 Dec 1995 1 Apr 1996  
Regulations for Administration of El ectricity Industry 2 Feb 2005 1 May 2005  
Laws on Conserving Energy 28 Oct 2007 1 April 2008   
Regulations on Exploitation of On-shore Petroleum Resources in Cooperation with 
Foreign Enterprises 18 Sep 2007 18 Sep 2007 7 Oct 1993 
Financial services    
Law on the People's Bank of China 27 Dec 2003 1 Feb 2004 18 Mar 1995 
Law on Commercial Banks 27 Dec 2003 1 Feb 2004 10 May 1995 
Law on Regulation of and Supervision over th e Banking Industry 31 Oct 2006 1 Jan 2007 27 Dec 2003 
Law on Funds for Investment in Securities 28 Oct 2003 1 June 2004  
Regulations on Closure of Financia l Institutions 23 Nov 2001 15 Dec 2001  
Regulations on Administration of Foreign-fund ed Financial Institutions 12 Dec 2001 1 Feb 2002  
Insurance Law 28 Oct 2002 1 Jan 2003 30 June 1995 
Regulations on Administration of Foreign-fund ed Insurance Companies 5 Dec 2001 1 Feb 2002  
Trust Law 28 Apr 2001 1 Oct 2001  
Securities Law 27 Oct 2005 1 Jan 2006 29 Dec 1998 
Rules on the Establishment of Forei gn-shared Fund Management Companies 1 June 2002a 1 July 2002  
Rules for the Establishment of Fo reign-shared Securities Companies 1 June 2002a 1 July 2002  
Provisions of the State Council on Foreign Ca pital Stocks Listed in China by Joint 
Stock Limited Companies 2 Nov 1995 25 Dec 1995  
Auction Law 28 Aug 2004 28 Aug 2004 5 July 1996 
Guaranty Law 30 June 1995 1 Oct 1995  
Regulation on the Administration of Futures Trading 7 Feb 2007 15 April 2007  
Decision of the Standing Committee of th e NPC on Punishment of Crimes of 
Disrupting Financial Order (Refer also  to the 1997 Criminal Law Appendix II) 30 June 1995 30 June 1995  
Law on Lawyers   28 Oct 2007 1 April 2008 15 May 1996 
Other services    
Accounting Law 31 Oct 1999 1 July 2000 21 Jan 1985 
Law on Certified Public Acc ountants 31 Oct 1993 1 Jan 1994  
Regulations on Telecommunications (Telecommun ications Decree) 20 Sept 2000 25 Sept 2000  
Provisions on the Administration of Telecommunications Enterprises with Foreign 
Investment 5 Dec 2001 1 Jan 2002  
Highway Law 28 Aug 2004 28 Aug 2004 30 July 1997 
Regulations on Road Transportation 14 Apr 2004 1 July 2004  
Provisions on the Administration of Road Transport Services with Foreign 
Investment 20 Nov 2001a 20 Nov 2001  
Railway Law 7 Sept 1990 1 May 1991  
Maritime Code 7 Nov 1992 1 July 1993  
Regulations on International Maritime  Transportation 5 Dec 2001 1 Jan 2002  
Implementing Rules of Regulations  on International Maritime Transportation   25 Dec 2002 1 Mar 2003  
Special Maritime Procedure Law 25 Dec 1999 1 July 2000  
Table AII.1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 204 
 
 
Legislation (comment) Adoption of 
latest 
amendment Entry into 
effect Date of first 
adoption 
Provisions on Administration of Foreign I nvestment in International Maritime 
Transportation 2 Mar 2004a 1 June 2004  
Regulations on Administration of Pilotage   12 Oct 2001 1 Jan 2002  
Port Law 28 June 2003 1 Jan 2004  
Regulations on Administration of Port  Operation 26 Dec 2003 1 June 2004  
Regulations on Port Facility Se curity 14 Nov 200 3 14 Nov 2003  
Civil Aviation Law 30 Oct 1995 1 Mar 1996  
Regulations of Restriction for Univ ersal Aviation 10 Jan 2003 1 May 2003  
Postal Law 2 Dec 1986 1 Jan 1987  
Law on Licensed Doctors 26 June 1998 1 May 1999  
Higher Education Law 29 Aug 1998 1 Jan 1999  
Education Law 18 Mar 1995 1 Sept 1995  
Compulsory Education Law 12 Apr 1986 1 July 1986  
Vocational Education Law 15 May 1996 1 Sept 1996  
Law on Promotion of Privately-run Schools 28 Dec 2002 1 Sept 2003  
Regulations on Sino-Foreign Cooperativ e Education 19 Feb 2003 1 Sept 2003  
Construction Law 1 Nov 1997 1 Mar 1998  
Regulations on Foreign-invested Construction Design Enterprises 27 Sept 2002a 1 Dec 2002  
Law on Urban Real Estate 30 Aug 2007 30 Aug 2007 1 Jan 1995 
Regulations on Construction Enterp rises with Foreign Investment 27 Sept 2002a 1 Dec 2002  
Regulations on Property Management 28 May 2003 1 Sept 2003  
Advertisement Law 27 Oct 1994 1 Feb 1995  
Rules on Administration of Foreign- invested Advertising Enterprises 2 Mar 2004a 2 Mar 2004  
Regulations on Administration of Travel Agencies 11 Dec 2001a 1 Jan 2002  
Regulations on Administration of Tourist Guides 14 May 1999a 1 Oct 1999  
Provisional Rules on the Establishment of Tr avel Agencies with  Majority Foreign 
Equity and Solely Foreign Investment 12 June 2003a 12 July 2003  
Law on Entry and Exit of Aliens 22 Nov 1985 1 Feb 1986  
Regulations on Administration of Foreign Law Firms’ Representative Offices in  
China  1 Jan 2002 22 Dec 2001 
Provision of the Ministry of Justice on the implementation of Regulations  on 
Administration of Foreign Law Firms’ Representative Offices in China 2 Sep 2004 2 Sep 2004 4 July 2002 
Others    
Constitution 14 Mar 2004 14 Mar 2004 4 Dec 1982 
Organic Law of the State Council 10 Dec 1982 10 Dec 1982  
Organic Law of the Local People's Congr ess and Local People's Government at 
Different Levels 27 Oct 2004 27 Oct 2004  
Criminal Procedure Law 17 Mar 1996 1 Jan 1997 1 July 1979 
Civil Procedure Law 28 Oct 2007 1 April 2008 1 Oct 1982 
Administrative Procedure Law 4 Apr 1989 1 Oct 1990  
Law on the Procedure of the Conclusion of Treaties 28 Dec 1990 28 Dec 1990  
Legislation Law 15 Mar 2000 1 July 2000  
Regulations on Procedures for the Form ulation of Administrative Regulations 16 Nov 2001a 1 Jan 2002  
Employment Promotion Law  30 Aug 2007 1 Jan 2008  
Anti-monopoly Law 30 Aug 2007 1 Aug 2008  
Labour Contract Law  29 Jun 2007 1 Jan 2008  
Property Law 16 Mar 2007 1 Oct 2007  
Provisions on the Administrative Punishment of Pric e-related Violations 9 Jan 2008 9 Jan 2008 10 Jul 1999 
Regulation on Disclosure of Governme nt Information 17 Jan 2008 1 May 2008  
Regulations on Procedures for the Formulation of Rules 16 Nov 2001a 1 Jan 2002  
Regulations on Submission of Regula tions and Rules for the Record 14 Dec 2001a 1 Jan 2002  
Table AII.1 (cont'd)  China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 205 
 
 
Legislation (comment) Adoption of 
latest 
amendment Entry into 
effect Date of first 
adoption 
Decision of the Third Session of th e Sixth National People's Congress on 
Authorizing the State Council to Formul ate Interim Provisions or Regulations 
Concerning the Reform of the Economic Structure and the Open Policy 10 Apr 1985 10 Apr 1985  
Law Countering Unfair Comp etition 2 Sept 1993 1 Dec 1993  
Provisions of the State Council on Prohibiti ng of Imposition of Regional Blockage 
on Market Economic Activities  21 Apr 2001 21 Apr 2001  
Notice on Cleaning up Local Protectionism in Market Economy Activities (issuing 
authorities:  MOFCOM, Ministry of Supe rvision, LAOSC, MOF, Ministry of 
Communications, SAT, AQSIQ) 18 June 2004 18 June 2004  
Administrative Permission Law 27 Aug 2003 1 July 2004  
Judges Law 30 June 2001 30 June 2001 28 Feb 1995 
Labour Law 5 July 1994 1 Jan 1995  
Law on Administrative Reconsideration  29 Apr 1999 1 Oct 1999  
Company Law 27 Oct 2005 1 Jan 2006 29 Dec 1993 
Pricing Law 29 Dec 1997 1 May 1998  
Regulation on Government Pr icing 26 Dec 2001 1 Feb 2002  
Interim Provisions on Preventing the Acts of Price Monopoly 18 June 2003 1 Nov 2003  
Regulations on the Administration of Co mpany Registration 18 Dec 2005 1 Jan 2006  
Law on the Protection of Consumer Ri ghts and Interests 31 Oct 1993 1 Jan 1994  
Law on Enterprise Bankruptcy (Trial Implementation) 27 Aug 2006 1 Jan 2007  
Law on Industrial Enterprises Owned by the Whole People 13 Apr 1988 1 Aug 1988  
Law on Individual Proprietorship En terprises 30 Aug 1999 1 Jan 2000  
Administrative Rules Governing the Regi stration of Individual Proprietorship 
Enterprises  13 Jan 2000a 13 Jan 2000  
Law on Partnership Enterprises 27 Aug 2006 1 June 2007  
Administrative Regulations Governing the Registration of Partnership Enterprises 9 Ma y 2007 1 June 2007 19 Nov 1997 
Law on Promotion of Small and Medium-Si zed Enterprises 29 June 2002 1 Jan 2003  
Law on Township Enterprises 29 Oct 1996 1 Jan 1997  
Provisions on the Merger and Division of Enterprises with Foreign Investment 22 Nov 2001a 22 Nov 2001 23 Sept 1999 
Law on Bid Invitation and Bi dding 30 Aug 1999 1 Jan 2000  
Rules for the Administration of  Employment of Foreigners in China 22 Jan 1996 1 May 1996  
Administrative Regulations Governing Th e Registration of Legal Corporations 3 June 1988a 1 July 1988  
Code of Corporate Governance for Listed Companies 9 Jan 2002 9 Jan 2002  
Several Opinions on Promoting the Refo rm, Opening and Steady Development of 
the Capital Market – State Council 31 Jan 2004 1 Feb 2004  
Contract Law 15 Mar 1999 1 Oct 1999  
Interim Regulations on Supervision and Management of Corporate State-owned 
Assets 13 May 2003 27 May 2003  
Provisional Measures on Transfer of State-Owned Property Rights in Enterprises 8 Jan 2004 1 Feb 2004  
Government Procurement Law of  China 29 June 2002 1 Jan 2003  
Environmental Protection Law 26 Dec 1989 26 Dec 1989  
Law on Evaluation of Environmental Effects 28 Oct 2002 1 Sept 2003  
Marine Environment Protection Law 25 Dec 1999 1 Apr 2000 23 Aug 1982 
Regulations on Administration of Collecti on and Utilization of Sewage Discharge 
Levies  2 Jan 2003a 1 July 2003  
Trade Union Law 27 Oct 2001 27 Oct 2001  
Civil Procedure Law 28 Oct 2007 1 April 2008 1 Oct 1982 
a Date of promulgation. 
Source: Ministry of Commerce, China.  WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 206 
 
 
Table AII.2 
Principal notifications under WTO Agreements, as at 12 February 2008  
Agreement Requirement/content Document symbol and date of latest 
notification 
Agreement on Agriculture  
Articles 10 and 18.2 Table ES.1 – Expor t subsidies G/AG/N/CHN/12, 14/09/2007 
Article 18.2 Table MA.2 – Tariffs a nd other quotas G/AG/N/CHN/11, 14/09/2007 
Article 18.2 Table MA.1 – Administration of  tariff quotas G/AG/N/CHN/2, 25/09/2003 
Article 18.2 Table DS.1 and a ppropriate supporting tables – 
Domestic support G/AG/N/CHN/8, 31/03/2006 
Enabling clause – integration  
Enabling clause Framework agreement on comprehensive economic 
cooperation between ASEAN and China  WT/COMTD/N/20/Add.1, 26/09/2005 
 China's accession to the Bangkok Agreement WT/COMTD/N/19, 29/07/2004 
 Amendment to the Bangkok Agreement WT/COMTD/N/22, 27/07/2007 
Agreement on Implementation of GATT Article VI of the GATT 1994 (Anti-dumping)  
Article 5.8 Time-period for dete rmination of negligible import 
volumes G/ADP/N/100/CHN, 20/10/2004 
Article 16.4 Semi-annual reports of anti-dumping actions (taken 
within the preceding six months) G/ADP/N/158/CHN, 02/10/2007 
Article 18.5, and Article 32.6 
Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Decree of the Ministry of Commerce concerning 
Publication of Rules on Information Access and 
Information Disclosure in Industry Injury 
Investigations  No. 19, 2006 G/ADP/N/1/CHN/2/Suppl.6, 19/10/2007 
 Rules of the Supreme People's Court on Certain Issues 
Related to Application of  Law in hearings of 
Antidumping Administrative Cases G/ADP/N/1/CHN/2/Suppl.5, 11/01/2007 
Notification of the newly amended Fore ign Trade Law G/SCM/N/1/CHN/1/Suppl.4 
G/ADP/N/1/CHN/2/Suppl.4 G/SG/N/1/CHN/2/Suppl.4, 01/12/2004 
Names of laws and regulations relevant to the 
Agreement  G/ADP/N/1/CHN/1, 31/05/2002 
Regulations on anti-dumping G/ ADP/N/1/CHN/2/Suppl.3, 20/10/2004 
Provisional rules on initiation of anti-dumping 
investigation G/ADP/N/1/CHN/2/Suppl.1, 18/02/2003  
Rules on anti-dumping investigations and 
determinations of industry injury;  rules on public 
hearings with regard to i nvestigations of injury to 
industry G/ADP/N/1/CHN/2/Suppl.2, 14/04/2003 
Articles 16.5, and Article 25.12, 
Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Notification of competent authority G/ADP/N/14/Add.22 
G/SCM/N/18/Add.22, 10/10/2006 
Agreement on Implementation of Articl e VII of the GATT 1994 (Customs valuation)  
Article 22.2 Regulations on import and export duties G/VAL/N/1/CHN/4, 07/06/2004 
 Notification of the customs regulations regarding 
determination of customs value of royalties and 
licence fees related to imports G/VAL/N/1/CHN/3, 24/09/2003 
 Customs law  G/VAL/N/1/CHN/2, 16/06/2003 
 Customs administration rega rding determination of 
customs valuation of imports and exports G/VAL/N/1/CHN/1, 05/07/2002 
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994  
Article XVII:4(a) Notification of th e understanding on the interpretation 
of Article XVII, on State-trading G/STR/N/9/CHN/Add.1, 14/07/2003, and 
Corr.1 
Article VII  Notifications on th e valuation of carrier media- 
bearing software for data processing equipment, and 
on the treatment of interest charges in customs value 
of imported goods G/VAL/N/3/CHN/1, 27/02/2004 
Table AII.2 (cont'd) China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 207 
 
 
Agreement Requirement/content Document symbol and date of latest 
notification 
General Agreement on Trade in Services  
Article III:3 Significant changes No notifications in 2004, 2005, 2006, and 
2007 
 Notifications in 2003 = 24 
Notifications in 2002 = 18 S/C/N/238-261 
S/C/N/208-225 
Article III:4 and IV:2 Contact and e nquiry points S/ENQ/78/Rev.9, 01/12/2006 
Article V:7 (a) of GATS and 
Article XXIV: 7(a) of the GATT 
1994  Closer economic partnership arrangement between 
China and Hong Kong, China S/C/N/264  
WT/REG162/N/1, 12/01/2004 
 Closer economic partnership arrangement between 
China and Macao, China S/C/N/265 
WT/REG163/N/1, 12/01/2004 
Paragraph 14 of the Transparency Mechanism for Regional Trade 
Agreements  (WT/L/671) and 
Article V:7 (a) of GATS  Supplement IV to the Closer economic partnership 
agreements between China and Hong Kong, China and between China and Macao, China WT/REG162/N/1/Add.1 
S/C/N/264/Add.1, 21/12/2007 
WT/REG163/N/1/Add.1 
S/C/N/265/Add.1, 21/12/2007 
Article VII: 4 Existing Article VII:1 recognition measures  None 
Agreement on Preshipment Inspection  
Article 5  Notification of laws and regulations related to the 
Agreement None 
Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures  
Articles 1.4(a) and 8.2(b) Rules and measures on import licensing and import 
quotas  G/LIC/N/1/CHN/1, 20/09/2002 
G/LIC/N/1/CHN/1/Add.1, 23/09//2002 
G/MA/W/41, 23/09/2002 
Article 8.2(b) Notification of rules and measures on import quota for 
various products G/LIC/N/1/CHN/2, 25/09/2003 
 Products subject to import licence (2004) G/LIC/N/1/CHN/4, 17/01/2005 
 Notification of regula tions and rules on import 
licensing G/LIC/N/1/CHN/4, 17/01/2005, 
G/LIC/N/1/CHN/5, 20/03/2006 
Article 7.3 Replies to questionnaire on import licensing 
procedures G/LIC/N/3/CHN/6, 08/10/2007 
Quantitative Restrictions  
QR - (G/L/59) - biennial  Notification of quan titative restrictions G/MA/N TM/QR/1/Add.10, 28/03/2006 
Agreement on Rules of Origin  
Article 5 and Paragraph 4 of 
Annex II Preferential rules of origin G/RO/N/37/Rev.1, 02/08/2002 
Agreement on Safeguards  
Article 12.1(a) - (c), and 
Article 9.1 footnote 2 Safeguard investigations, findings, and d ecisions G/SG/N/10/CHN/1/Suppl.1, 04/02/2004 
Article 12.4  Consultations  G/SG/N/11/CHN/1;  G/SG/N/6/CHN/1;  
G/SG/N/7/CHN/1, 23/05/2002 
Article 12.5 and Article 8.2 Notification of proposed suspension of concessions 
and other obligations referred to in Article 8.2 of the 
Agreement on Safeguards. G/C/17;  G/SG/46, 21/05/2002 
Article 12.6 Notification of laws, regulations and administrative 
procedures relating to safeguard measures  G/SG/N/1/CHN/1, 07/06/2002 
 Regulations on Safeguards G/ SG/N/1/CHN/2/Suppl.3, 20/10/2004 
 Rules on investigations and determinations of industry 
injury for safeguards;  rules on public hearings with regard to investigations of injury to industry G/SG/N/1/CHN/2/Suppl.2, 15/04/2003 
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures  
Article 7 and Annex B Enquiry points  G/SPS/ENQ/19, 25/01/2006 
Table AII.2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 208 
 
 
Agreement Requirement/content Document symbol and date of latest 
notification 
Article 7 and Annex B Notifications in 2008 = 1 
Notifications in 2007 = 4 
Notifications in 2006 = 4 
Notifications in 2005 = 15 G/SPS/N/CHN/104 
G/SPS/N/CHN/100-103 
G/SPS/N/CHN/96-99 
G/SPS/N/CHN/81-95 
Agreement on Subsidies a nd Countervailing Measures  
Article 25.1 Notification of subs idies G/SCM/N/123/CHN, 13/04/2006 
Article 25.11 Semi-annual report on countervailing duty actions G/SC M/N/162/Add.1/Re v.1, 15/11/2007 
Notification of the newly amended Foreign Trade Law G/SG/N/1/CHN/2/Suppl.4, 01/12/2004 
Regulations on countervailing measures  G/SCM/N/1/CHN/1/Suppl.3, 20/10/2004 
Rules on investigations and determinations of industry 
injury for countervailing measures;  rules on public 
hearings with regard to i nvestigations of injury to 
industry G/SCM/N/1/CHN/1/Suppl.2, 14/04/2003 Article 32.6 
Provisional rules on counterva iling investigations G/SCM/N/1/CHN/1/Suppl.1, 18/02/2003 
Article 18 of the Protocol of 
Accession of the People's Republic of China Information on pricing polic ies G/SCM/N/167, 17/10/2007 
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)  
Annex 3C Acceptance of code of good practice G/TBT/CS/N/143, 21/05/2002 
G/TBT/CS/N/138, 12/12/2001 and Corr.1, 30/01/2003 
Article 15.2 Laws and regulati ons on the implementation and 
administration of the TBT Agreement G/TBT/2/Add.65, 29/01/2002 
Article 2.10 Notification regarding environmental measures, 
technical barriers and technical regulations G/TBT/N/CHN/62, 19/11/2004 
Article 2.9 Notification of technical regulations: 
Notifications in 2007 = 90 
Notifications in 2006 = 63 
Notifications in 2005 = 112  
G/TBT/N/CHN/239-328 
G/TBT/N/CHN/176-238 
G/TBT/N/CHN/64-175 
Article 5.6 Notification of pro ducts covered by conformity 
assessment procedure G/TBT/N/CHN/278-290, 27/08/2007 
G/TBT/N/CHN/291-292, 01/10/2007 
 
Article 5.7 Notification of regu lations issued to protect the 
environment G/TBT/N/CHN/56-58, 14/07/2004 
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspect s of Intellectual Property Rights   
Article 63.2 Amending the Rules for the Implementation of the 
Patent Law  IP/N/1/CHN/I/3, 13/10/2003 
 Regulations for the Implementation of the Trademark 
Law IP/N/1/CHN/T/2, 13/10/2003 
IP/N/1/CHN/T/1, 08/07/2002 
 Laws and regulations IP/N/1/CHN/2, 10/10/2003 
IP/N/1/CHN/2/Add.1, 25/08/2004 
 Checklist of issues on enforcement IP/N/6/CHN/1, 19/07/2002 
 Regulations on computer software prot ection IP/N/1/CHN/C/2/Rev.1, 13/10/2003 
 Regulations on protection of new varie ties of plants IP/N/1/CHN/P/1, 08/07/2002 
Article 69 Contact points IP/N/3/Rev.9/Add.1, 31/01/2006 
Agreement on Trade-Rela ted Investment Measures   
Article 6.2 Publications G/TR IMS/N/2/Rev.9/Add.5, 13/06/2002 
Information on Implementation and Administration of the Agreement on Customs Valuation  
Decision on the checklist of 
issues Checklist of issues G/VAL/N/2/CHN/1, 05/07/2002 
Source:  WTO documents. China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 209 
 
 
Table AII.3 
Involvement in the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, March 2008 
Dispute  Complainant  
(WTO document) Request for 
consultation Panel established Panel report 
circulated 
China as defendant     
Measures affecting imports of automobile parts European 
Communities 
(WT/DS339/1) 30/03/2006 26/10/2006 
 
Measures affecting imports of automobile parts United States 
(WT/DS340/1) 30/03/2006 26/10/2006  
Measures affecting imports of automobile parts Canada 
(WT/DS342/1) 13/04/2006 26/10/2006   
Certain measures granting refunds, reductions or 
exemptions from taxes and other paymentsa United States 
(WT/DS358/1) 02/02/2007 31/08/2007  
Certain measures granting refunds, reductions or 
exemptions from taxes and other paymentsb Mexico 
(WT/DS359/1) 26/02/2007 31/08/2007  
Measures affecting the protection and 
enforcement of intellectual property rights United States 
(WT/DS362/1) 10/04/2007 25/09/2007  
Measures affecting trading rights and distribution 
services for certain publications and audiovisual 
entertainment products United States 
(WT/DS363/1) 10/04/2007 27/11/2007 
 
Measures affecting financial information services 
and foreign financial information suppliers  European 
Communities 
(WT/DS372/1) 03/03/2008  
 
Measures affecting financial information services 
and foreign financial information suppliers United States 
(WT/DS373/1) 03/03/2008   
China as complaint     
Preliminary anti-dumping and countervailing 
duty determinations on coated free sheet paper 
from China (WT/DS368/1) 14/09/2007  
 
China as a third party      
Brazil —  Measures affecting imports of 
retreaded tyres European 
Communities 
(WT/DS332/1) 20/06/2005 20/01/2006 12/06/2007 
Turkey — Measures affecting the importation of 
rice United States 
(WT/DS334/1) 02/11/2005 17/03/2006 21/09/2007 
United States — Anti-dumping measure on 
shrimp from Ecuador Ecuador 
(WT/DS335/1) 17/11/2005 19/07/2006  
Japan — Countervailing duties on dynamic 
random access memories from Korea Korea 
(WT/DS336/1) 14/03/2006 19/06/2006 13/07/2007 
European Communities — Anti-dumping 
measure on farmed salmon from Norway Norway 
(WT/DS337/1) 17/03/2006 22/06/2006  
Mexico — Definitive countervailing measures on 
olive oil from the European Communities European 
Communities 
(WT/DS341/1) 31/03/2006 23/01/2007 
 
United States — Measures relating to shrimp 
from Thailand Thailand 
(WT/DS343/1) 24/04/2006 26/10/2006  
United States — Final anti-dumping measures on 
stainless steel from Mexico Mexico 
(WT/DS344/1) 26/05/2006 26/10/2006  
United States — Customs bond directive for 
merchandise subject to anti-dumping/countervailing duties India 
(WT/DS345/1) 06/06/2006 21/11/2006 
 
European Communities and certain member 
States — Measures affecting trade in large civil 
aircraft (second complaint)c United States 
(WT/DS347/1) 31/01/2006 09/05/2006 
 
United States — Continued existence and 
application of zeroing methodology European 
Communities 
(WT/DS350/1) 02/10/2006 04/06/2007 
 
United States — Measures affecting trade in 
large civil aircraft — second complaint European 
Communities 
(WT/DS353/1) 27/06/2005 17/02/2006 
 
Table AII.3 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 210 
 
 
Dispute  Complainant  
(WTO document) Request for 
consultation Panel established Panel report 
circulated 
United States – Subsidies and other domestic support for corn and other agricultural products Canada 
(WT/DS357/1) 08/01/2007 17/12/2007  
United States – Domestic support and export 
credit guarantees for agricultural products Brazil 
(WT/DS365/1) 11/07/2007 17/12/2007  
Colombia – Indicative prices and restrictions on 
ports of entry Panama 
(WT/DS366/1) 12/07/2007 22/10/2007  
a On 19 December 2007, the United States and China inform ed the DSB of an agreement in the form of a MOU. 
b On 7 February 2007, Mexico and China informed th e DSB of an agreement in the form of a MOU. 
c On 9 October 2006, the Chairman of the Panel informed the DSB that the United States had requested the Panel on 6 October 2006  
to suspend its work, in acco rdance with Article 12.12 of the DS U.  The Panel had agreed to this  request.  The authority for the  
establishment of the panel lapsed as of 7 October 2007. 
Source: WTO Secretariat. China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 211 
 
 
Table AIII.1 
Inward duty, 2007  
(Per cent) 
Article description Reasonable amount (per person)a Duty (%) 
Books, newspapers, journals; m ovies (copies for educational 
purposes); slides; cassettes, video cassettes; gold, silver, or articles thereof; food, beverages; and articles other than: Books, newspapers, journals:  10 units, or 
3 sets 
CDs, and DVDs:  20 units, or 3 sets 10 
textiles and textile products;  camcorders, cameras, video 
cameras/recorders, digital cameras, and other electrical appliances;  bicycles; watches; clocks (including components and accessories); and cosmetics .. 20 
golf balls and other golf equi pment, luxury watches .. 30 
tobacco products and wines ... 50 
.. Not available. 
a The Administration Regulation on the Imports and Exports of  Printed Materials and Audio/Video Products, Customs Order 
No. 161, 2007, effective 1 June 2007 
Note: Customs registration and examination is required in orde r to import contraceptive instruments and contraceptive medicines  above 
the "reasonable self-using level" set by customs regulations. 
Source:  China's Tariff Schedule 2007. WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 212 
 
 
Table AIII.2 
Imports allocated to state-trading enterprises, 2005-07 
Per cent of import quota Product HS Code 
2005 2006 2007 
Wheat 10011000;  10019010;  10019090;  11010000;  
11031100;  11032010 90 90 90 
Maize 10051000;  10059000;  11022000;  11031300;  
11042300 60 60 60 
Rice 10061011;  10061019;  10061091;  10061099;  
10062010;  10062090;  10063010;  10063090;  
10064010;  10064090;  11023010;  11023090;  
11031921;  11031929 50 50 50 
Sugar 17011100;  17011200;  17019100;  17019910;  
17019920;  17019990 70 70 70 
Rapeseed oil 15141100;  15141900;  15149110;  15149190;  
15149900 10 Nonea Nonea 
Soybean oil 15071000;  15079000 10 Nonea Nonea 
Palm oil 15111000;  15119010;  15119090 10 Nonea Nonea 
Cotton 52010000;  52030000 33 33 33 
Urea 31021000 90 90 90 
NPK 31052000 70 65 65 
Diammonium phosphate 31053000 70 65 65 
Other chemical fertilizersb 31022100;  31022900;  31023000;  31024000;  
31025000;  31026000;  31027000;  31028000;  
31029000;  31031000;  31032000;  31039000;  
31041000;  31042010;  31042090;  31043000 100 100 100 
 31049000;  31051000;  31054000;  31055100;  
31055900;  31056000;  31059000    
Tobaccob 55020010;  56012210;  24011010;  24011090;  
24012010;  24012090;  24013000;  24021000;  
24022000;  24029000;  24031000;  24039100;  24039900;  48131000;  48132000;  48139000;  
84781000;  84789000 100 100 .. 
Crude oilb 27090000 90c 90d .. 
Processed oilb 27101110;  27101120;  27101191;  27101911;  
27101912;  27101921;  27101929;  27101922 77.7e 77.87f .. 
.. Not available. 
a State trading/tariff rate quota abolished. 
b Imports subject to automatic licensing. 
c STE share 114.22 m tonnes. 
d STE share 130.68 m tonnes. e STE share 24.43 m tonnes. 
f STE share 28.33 m tonnes. 
Source:  Information provided by the authorities.  China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 213 
 
 
Table AIII.3 
Export quotas allocated to state-trading enterprises, 2005-06 
(Tonnes) 
Product 
(HS code) Year Enterprises 
Rice   
2005 China National Cereals, Oil and Foodstuffs Import & Export Co.;  and  Jilin Grain Group 
Import & Export Co. Ltd. 10061011;  10061019;  10061091;  10061099;  10062010;  10062090;  10063010;  10063090;  
10064010;  10064090  2006 China National Cereals, Oil and Foodstuffs Import & Export Co.;  and  Jilin Grain Group 
Import & Export Co. Ltd. 
Maize   
2005 China National Cereals, Oil a nd Foodstuffs Import & Export Co.;  and Jilin Grain Group Import 
& Export Co. Ltd. 10051000;  10059000;  11042300 
2006 China National Cereals, Oil a nd Foodstuffs Import & Export Co.;  and Jilin Grain Group Import 
& Export Co. Ltd. 
Cotton   
2005 Chinatex Cotton Import and Export Co.;  Xin jiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cotton and Jute 
Import and Export Co.;  Xinjiang Nong Ken Impor t and Export Co. Ltd.;  and China National 
Cotton Reserve Corporation 52010000;  52030000  
2006 Chinatex Cotton Import and Export Co.;  Xin jiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cotton and Jute 
Import and Export Co.;  Xinjiang Nong Ken Impor t and Export Co. Ltd.;  and China National 
Cotton Reserve Corporation 
Coal   
2005 China National Coal Group Corporation;  Sha nxi Coal Import and Export Group Corporation;  
Shenhua Group Corporation Ltd.;  and China Metals and Minerals Import and Export Co. 27011100;  27011210;  
27011290;  27011900;  
27021000  2006 China National Coal Group Corporation;  Sha nxi Coal Import and Export Group Corporation;  
Shenhua Group Corporation Ltd.;  and China Metals and Minerals Import and Export Co. 
Crude oil   
2005 SINOCHEM Corporation;  China Petroleum and Chemical (SINOPEC) Corporation;  and China 
National Petroleum Corporation  27090000  
2006 SINOCHEM Corporation;  China Petroleum and Chemical (SINOPEC) Corporation;  and China 
National Petroleum Corporation  
Processed oil    
2005 SINOCHEM Corp.;  China Petroleum and Chem ical (SINOPEC) Corporation;   and China 
National Petroleum Corporation  27101110;  27101120;  
27101191;  27101199;  
27101911;  27101912;  
27101919;  27101921;  27101929;  27101991;  27101992;  27101993;  27111100  2006 SINOCHEM Corp.;  China Petroleum and Chem ical (SINOPEC) Corporation;   and China 
National Petroleum Corporation  
Tungsten ore and 
products   
2005 STEs listed in MOFCOM Announcement No. 93 of 2004 
(http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle /b/c/200412/20041200319936.html) 26110000;  26209910;  
28418010;  28418040;  28259012;  28259019;  
28259011;  28418020;  
28418030;  28499020;  81011000;  81019400;  81019700  2006 STEs listed in MOFCOM Announcement No.107 of 2005 
(http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle /b/c/200512/20051201052020.html) 
Antimony ore and 
products   
2005 STEs listed in MOFCOM Announcement No. 93 of 2004 
(http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle /b/c/200412/20041200319936.html) 26171010;  26171090;  
28258000;  81101010;  81101020;  81102000;  81109000  2006 STEs listed in MOFCOM Announcement No.107 of 2005 
(http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle /b/c/200512/20051201052020.html) 
Table AIII.3 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 214 
 
 
Product 
(HS code) Year Enterprises 
Silver   
2005 STEs listed in MOFCOM Announcement No. 93 of 2004 
(http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle /b/c/200412/20041200319936.html) 71061000;  71069110;  
71069190;  71069210;  71069290  2006 STEs listed in MOFCOM Announcement No.107 of 2005 
(http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle /b/c/200512/20051201052020.html) 
Tobacco   
2005 STEs listed in MOFTEC Announcement No. 44 of 2001 
(http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle /b/c/200404/20040400210082.html) 55020010;  24011010;  
24011090;  24012010;  24012090;  24013000;  24021000;  24022000;  
24029000;  24031000;  
24039100;  24039900;  48131000;  48132000;  48139000;  56012210;  84781000;  84789000  2006 STEs listed in MOFTEC Announcement No. 44 of 2001 
(http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle /b/c/200404/20040400210082.html) 
Note: Quotas for 2007 were allocated to th e same enterprises as in 2006.  However,  the quota amount was not specified to the 
Secretariat. 
Source:  Information provided by authorities. China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 215 
 
 
Table AIII.4 
Tax revenues allocated to different levels of gov ernment:  central, local, and shared taxes, 2007 
Collected by Taxes 
Centre Customs duties; excise taxes (incl uding on imports); VAT on imports; enterp rise income tax of enterprises 
subordinate to the Central Governmenta;  enterprise income tax of foreign- invested banks, and non-bank financial 
institutions; business tax, and city  maintenance and construction taxb, paid by the railway department, and the 
headquarters of various banks and insurance companies; ve hicle purchase tax; vessel t onnage tax; and resource tax 
on ocean petroleum resources 
Local Tobacco leaf taxc;  business tax (excluding those assigned to the Central Government); income tax of enterprises 
subordinated to local governments; city and township land use taxd;  fixed assets investment  orientation tax; city 
maintenance and construction taxb (excluding those assigned to the Central Government);  urban real estate tax, 
and house property taxb;  vehicle and vessel usage tax, and vehicle and vessel licence taxe;  stamp tax; farmland 
occupation taxb, deed tax, land appreciation tax, and land use ta x; resources tax (except for oceanic petroleum 
resources tax, which goes to the Centre) 
Shared  VAT levied on domestically produced goods and services (75% for the Central Government and 25% for local 
governments), enterprise income tax (60% for the Centra l Government and 40% for lo cal governments), individual 
income tax (60% for the Central Government and 40%  for local governments), and stamp tax on securities 
transactionsf (97% for the Central Government and 3% for local governments) 
a Enterprise income tax revenues from railway departments, national post, the Industry and Commerce Bank of China, the 
Agriculture Bank of China, the Bank of China, the Construction Bank of China,  the China Development Bank, the Agriculture 
Development Bank of China, the Export-Import Bank of China, and oceanic petroleum and natural gas enterprises, as well as by 
foreign-invested banks and non-bank  financial institutions, are assigned to the Central Government. 
 Enterprise income tax revenues of other enterprise  are shared 60:40 by central and local governments. 
b FIEs are not levied the city maintenance and construction tax.   FIEs are levied the urban r eal estate tax, while domestic 
enterprises are levied the house property tax.  Before 2008, FIEs  were not levied the farmland o ccupation tax;  however, as of 
1 January 2008, FIEs are also levied this  tax due to the revision of the Interim Regulation of the Farmland Occupation Tax. 
c Special agriculture tax (apart from t obacco leaf tax) was removed in 2004, anim al husbandry tax was removed in 2005.  
Agriculture tax and slaughter tax were both removed in 2006. 
d As of 1 January 2007, the city and township land use tax, wh ich had been levied only on domes tic enterprises and individuals,  is 
levied on all enterprises (including FIEs) a nd individuals using land in China.  The tax per unit of land was also adjusted, an d the 
"land use charge" on FIEs and individuals was removed.  
e Vehicle and vessel usage tax used to be applied to domestic  enterprises and individuals, and vehicle and vessel licence tax t o 
foreign enterprises and individuals;  on 1 January 2007, the two ta xes were unified into vehicle and vessel tax, levied on both  
domestic and foreign enterprises,  individuals, or organizations.  
f The rate of stamp tax on securities transacti ons increased from 0.1% to 0.3% on 30 May 2007. 
Source:  Information provided by the authorities. WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 216 
 
 
Table AIII.5 
Special economic and other zones, 2006 
Zones 2006 
Special economic zones (SEZs)a 5 
Shanghai Pudong New Area 1 
Coastal open cities 14 
Coastal open areas 260 
Open cities along the Yangtze River 6 
Capital cities of interior provinces 18 
Border cities 12 
Three Gorges of Yangtze River Economic Zone 17 
Development zones approved by the Central Government  222 
Economic and technological development zones (ETDZs)b 49 
High tech industrial development zones (HIDZs) 53 
Free-trade zones (FTZs) 15 
Export processing zones (EPZs) 58 
Border economic cooperative areas (BECAs) 14 
Other development zones (i ncluding bonded logistic area s and tourism areas) 33 
Development zones approved by local governments 1,346 
a The five SEZs are:  Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen, Hainan. 
b Suzhou Industrial Park, Shanghai Jinqiao Export Processing Z one, Ningbo Daxie ETDZ, Xiamen Haicang Investment Zone, and 
Hainan Yangpu Opening Area, although not listed in the 49 ETDZs, are also subject to preferential taxes given to ETDZs.  
Source:  China Development Zones online information.  View ed at:  http://www.cadz.org.cn/  [18 July 2007];  NDRC 
Announcement (2007 No. 18), Catalogue of Chin a Development Zones 2006;  and WTO document 
G/SCM/N/123/CHN, 13 April 2006. China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 217 
 
 
Table AIII.6 
Selected competition-related legislation, 2007 
Legislation Entry into effect  
(of last amendment) Competition-related issues 
Law Countering Unfair Competition 1 December 1993 Collusive tendering, predatory pricing, abuse of a market-
controlling position by public enterprises, administrative monopoly, and tied selling 
Advertisement Law 1 February 1995 Using false info rmation, cheating, and misleading consumers to 
distort competition  
Price Law 1 May 1998 Price-fixing cartels, predatory or exploitative pricing, and price 
discrimination 
Law on Bid Invitation and Bidding or Tendering 1 January 2000 Collusive tendering 
Patent Law 1 July 2001 Patent abuse to exclude or restrict competition 
Commercial Banking Law 1 February 2004 "Improper competition" of banks 
Foreign Trade Law 1 July 2004 Monopolistic conduc t and the sale of products at unreasonably 
low prices in foreign trade 
Rules on Prohibiting Public Utility Companies from Restricting Competition 24 December 1993 Abuse of monopoly positions by public utility companies 
Regulations on Telecommunicati on 25 September 2000 Division of functions of government and enterprises, breaking of 
monopolies, promoting transparency 
Rules on Prohibiting Regional Blockages in Market Economic Activities 21 April 2001 Administrative monopoly behaviours of local governments 
Provisions on Prohibition of 
Implementation of Regional Blockage to Cigarette Business 1 June 2001 Regional blockage 
Provisional Rules on Prevention of 
Monopoly Pricing 1 November 2003 Abuse of monopoly positi ons, and price coor dination, supply 
restriction, bid-rigging, vertical  price restraint, below-cost 
pricing, price discrimination, and government interference in 
market price determinations. 
Rules on Acquisitions of Domestic 
Enterprises by Foreign Investors, and the 
Guidelines on Anti-monopoly Filing 8 September 2006 Pre-merger notificati ons to MOFCOM and SAIC required under 
certain conditions 
Source:  Bruce M. Owen, Sun Su, and Wentong Zheng (2007), "C hina's Competition Policy Reforms:  The Antimonopoly 
Law and Beyond", John M. Olin Pr ogramme in Law and Economics, St anford Law School, Working Paper 
No. 339, April;  and various Governme nt internet sites (in Chinese only). WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 218 
 
 
Table AIII.7 
China's membership of international intellectual property rights conventions, 2007 
Convention Date of accession 
Berne Convention for the Protection of  Literary and Artistic Works  1992 
Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Micro-Organisms for the Purposes of 
Patent Procedures  1995 
Convention Establishing WIPO 1980 
Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonogr aphs Against Unauthorized Duplication of their 
Phonograms 1993 
International Convention for the Protec tion of New Varieties of Plants 1999 
Locarno Agreement Establishing an Internationa l Classification for International Design 1996 
Madrid Agreement Concerning Intern ational Registration of Marks 1989 
Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classifica tion of Goods and Services for the Purpose of the 
Registration of Marks 1994 
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 1985 
Patent Co-operation Treaty 1994 
Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement con cerning the International Registration of Marks 1995 
Strasbourg Agreement Concerning Inte rnational Patent Classification 1997 
Treaty on Intellectual Prope rty in Respect of Integrated Circuits  1989 
Universal Copyright Convention 1992 
WIPO Copyright Treaty 2007 
WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty 2007 
Source: Information provided by the authorities.  China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 219 
 
 
Table AIII.8 
Patent and trade mark statistics, 2004-06 
 2004 2005 2006 
Patent (invention) applications 130,133 173,327 210,490 
Domestic 65,786 93,485 122,318 
Foreign  64,347 79,842 88,172 
Patents (invention) approved 49,360 53,305 57,786 
Domestic 18,241 20,705 25,077 
Foreign  31,119 32,600 32,709 
Trade mark applications  587,925 664,017 766,319 
Domestic 527,591 593,382 669,276 
Foreign  60,334 70,635 97,043 
Trade marks approved 266,619 258,532 275,641 
Domestic 225,394 218,731 228,814  
Foreign  41,225 39,801 46,827 
Source:  Data provided by the authorities. WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 220 
 
 
Table AIII.9 
Intellectual property rights ca ses dealt with by courts, 2006 
 2006 
First instance civil IPR cases accepted  14,219 
First instance civil IPR cases closed  14,056 
Patent cases accepted 3,196 
Patent cases closed 3,227 
Copyright cases accepted 5,719 
Copyright cases closed 5,751 
Technical contract cases accepted 681 
Technical contract cases closed 668 
Unfair competition cases accepted 1,256 
Unfair competition cases closed 1,188 
Other IPR cases accepted 846 
Other IPR cases closed 844 
Second instance civil IPR cases accepted  2,686 
Second instance civil IPR cases closed  2,652 
Source:  Data provided by the authorities.  China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 221 
 
 
Table AIV.1 
Tariff quota utilization in China, 2004-06  
  2004 2005 2006 
Wheat Quota level ('000 tonnes) 9,636.0 9,636.0 9,636.0 
 Out-of-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. .. 
 In-quota imports ('000 tonnes) 7,260.0 354.0 610 
 Utilization rate (%) 75.3 36.7 6.3 
 State-trading share 90.0 90.0 90.0 
 In-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 1-10 1-10 1-10 
 Out-of-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 65 65 65 
Corn Quota level ('000 tonnes) 7,200.0 7,200.0 7,200.0 
 Out-of-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. .. 
 In-quota imports ('000 tonnes) <5 >5 7.0 
 Utilization rate (%) 0.1 0.1 1.0 
 State-trading share 60.0 60.0 60.0 
 In-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 1-10 1-10 1-10 
 Out-of-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 20-65 20-65 20-65 
Rice Quota level ('000 tonnes) 5,320.0 5,320.0 5,320 
 Out-of-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. .. 
 In-quota imports ('000 tonnes) 770 520 729 
 Utilization rate  (%) 14.5 9.7 13.7 
 State-trading share 50.0 50.0 50.0 
 In-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 1-9 1-9 1-9 
 Out-of-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 10-65 10-65 10-65 
Soybean oila Quota level ('000 tonnes) 3,587.1 3,587.0 n.a. 
 Out-of-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. n.a. 
 In-quota imports ('000 tonnes) 2,520 1,690 n.a. 
 Utilization rate (%) 80.8 47.1 n.a. 
 State-trading share 18.0 10.0 n.a. 
 In-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 9.0 9.0 n.a. 
 Out-of-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 30.7 19.9 n.a. 
Palm oila Quota level ('000 tonnes) 3,168.0 3,168 n.a. 
 Out-of-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. n.a. 
 In-quota imports ('000 tonnes) 2,390 2,840 n.a. 
 Utilization rate (%) 88.5 89.6 n.a. 
 State-trading share .. .. n.a. 
 In-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 9.0 9.0 n.a. 
 Out-of-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 30.7 19.9 n.a. 
Rape seed oila Quota level ('000 tonnes) 1,243.0 1,243.0 n.a. 
 Out-of-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. n.a. 
 In-quota imports ('000 tonnes) 350 18.0 n.a. 
 Utilization rate  (%) 31.1 14.5 n.a. 
 State-trading share 18.0 10.0 n.a. 
 In-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 9.0 9.0 n.a. 
 Out-of-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 30.7 19.9 n.a. 
Sugar Quota level ('000 t onnes) 1,945.0 1,945.0 1,945 
 Out-of-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. .. 
 In-quota imports ('000 tonnes) 1,210 1,390 1,370 
 Utilization rate (%) 62.2 71.5 70.4 
 State-trading share 70.0 70.0 70.0 
 In-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 15.0 15.0 15 
 Out-of-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 50.0 50.0 50 
Table AIV.1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 222 
 
 
  2004 2005 2006 
Woolb Quota level ('000 tonnes) 287.0 287.0 287.0 
 Out-of-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. .. 
 In-quota imports ('000 tonnes) 220 250 280 
 Utilization rate  (%) 76.7 87.1 97.6 
 State-trading shar e n.a. n.a. n.a. 
 In-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 1.0 1.0 1.0 
 Out-of-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 38.0 38.0 38.0 
Cotton Quota level ('000 tonnes) 1,894.0 894.0 894.0 
 Out-of-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. .. 
 In-quota imports ('000 tonnes) 1,910 2,570 894 
 Utilization rate (%) 213.6 287.5 100.0 
 State-trading share 33.0 33.0 33.0 
 In-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 1.0 1.0 1.0 
 Out-of-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 40.0 40.0 40.0 
Fertilizer     
- Urea Quota level ('000 tonnes) 2,800.0 2,800.0 3,300.0 
 Out-of-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. .. 
 In-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. .. 
 Utilization rate (%) .. .. .. 
 State-trading share 90.0 90.0 90.0 
 In-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 4.0 4.0 4.0 
 Out-of-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 50.0 50.0 50.0 
- NPK Quota level ('000 tonnes) 3,290.0 3,290.0 3,450.0 
 Out-of-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. .. 
 In-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. .. 
 Utilization rate  (%) .. .. .. 
 State-trading share 75.0 70.0 65.0 
 In-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 4.0 4.0 4.0 
 Out-of-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 50.0 50.0 50.0 
- Diammonium Quota level (' 000 tonnes) 6,560.0 6,560.0 6,900.0 
  phosphate Out-of-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. .. 
 In-quota imports ('000 tonnes) .. .. .. 
 Utilization rate (%) .. .. .. 
 State-trading share 75.0 70.0 65.0 
 In-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 4.0 4.0 4.0 
 Out-of-quota MFN tariff rate (%) 50.0 50.0 50.0 
.. Not available. 
n.a. Not applicable. 
a TRQ for oil removed in 2006. 
b Non-state-trading products. 
Note: Utilization rate refers to in-quota imports divided by quot a level.  Quota levels for co tton were increased during 2003-0 5. 
Source: WTO documents G/AG/N/CHN/11, 14 September 2007;  G/AG/ N/CHN/9, 25 October 2006;  G/AG/N/CHN/7, 
6 April 2005, and Corr.1, 20 April 2005;  G/AG/ N/CHN/3, 25 September 2003;  G/AG/N/CHN/1, 
24 September 2002;  and the Chinese authorities.  
 China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 223 
 
 
Table AIV.2 
China's sector specific commitments in the GATS 
Service sector Commitments 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES  
A. Professional Services  
(a) Legal services (excluding 
practice of Chinese law) No market access and national treatment limitations for modes 1 and 2.  Market access for mode 3 
only in the form of representa tive offices in selected provin ces.  Geographical and quantitative 
limitations to be removed within one year after accession.  There are market access limitations on the business scope provided by foreign representative o ffices as well as the qualifications of members of 
representative offices of foreign law firms.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
 National treatment limitations on mode 3 including residency requirements for representative offices 
and restrictions on employment of Chinese nationa l registered lawyers.  Mode 4 unbound except for 
horizontal commitments 
(b) Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services No market access or national treatment limitations for modes 1 and 2.  For mode 3, limitations on 
partnerships or incorporated accounting firms, wh ich must be certified public accountants licensed by 
the authorities.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
 No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
Under additional commitments, China has specified the following:   Foreign accounting firms are permitted to affiliate with Chinese firms and enter into contractual 
agreements with their affiliated firms in other WTO Members.  
Issuance of licences to those foreigners who have  passed the Chinese national CPA examination shall 
be accorded national treatment.  
Applicants will be informed of results in writing no later than 30 days after submission of their 
applications. 
Existing contractual joint venture accounting firms are not limited only to CPAs licenced by Chinese 
authorities 
(c) Taxation services No market access limitations for modes 1 and 2.  Mode 3 only through joint ventures with foreign 
majority ownership;  six years after accession, who lly owned foreign subsidia ries permitted.  Mode 4 
unbound except for horizontal commitments 
 No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
(d) Architectural services  
(e) Engineering services 
 (f) Integrated engineering services  
(g) Urban planning services 
(except general urban planning) No market access limitations on mode 1 for scheme  design (for others cooperation with Chinese 
professional organizations required) .  No limitations for mode 2.  Mode 3 only through joint ventures 
with foreign majority ownership;  wholly foreign owned companies to be permitted within five years 
of accession.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments  No national treatment limitations for modes 1 and 2.   For Mode 3 foreign service suppliers must be 
registered in their home country.  Mode 4 unbound except as indicated in horizontal commitments 
(h) Medical and dental 
services No market access or national treatment limitations for modes 1 and 2.  For market access, foreign 
service suppliers may establish joint-venture hospita ls or clinics with Chinese partners, subject to 
quantitative limitations, with foreign majority ownership permitted.  Mode 4 unbound except for 
horizontal commitments, and foreign doctors with professional certificate from their home country 
are permitted to provide services for up to six m onths in China after obtaining a licence from the 
Ministry of Public Health  National treatment limitations for mode 3 require th e majority of doctors and medical personnel of 
the joint ventures to be Chinese nationals.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
B. Computer and Related 
Services  
(a) Consultancy services 
related to installation of 
computer hardware No market access or national treatment limitations for modes 1, 2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbond with regard 
to market access limitations, except for horizontal commitments 
 National treatment limitations for mode 4 including minimum qualification requirements 
(b) Software implementation 
servicesa No market access or national treatment limitations fo r modes 1 and 2.  With regard to market access, 
Mode 3 only permitted in the form of joint ventur es, with foreign majority ownership permitted.  
Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments  
No national treatment limitations for mode 3.  Minimum qualification requirements for mode 4. 
Table AIV.2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 224 
 
 
Service sector Commitments 
(c) Data processing servicesb No market access or national treatment limitations w ith regard to modes 1, 2 and 3.  Limitations on 
market access with regard to mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments  For national treatment limitations with regard to mode 4, minimum qualification requirements 
D. Real Estate Services  
(a) Real estate services 
involving own or leased 
property No market access limitations for modes 1 and 2.  For mode 3 no limitations except for wholly 
foreign-owned enterprises, which ar e not permitted to participate in hi gh standard real estate projects 
such as apartments and office buildings.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments  No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
(b) Real estate services on a fee or contract basis No market access limitations for modes 1 and 2.  M ode 3 only in the form of joint ventures with 
majority foreign ownership. Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
 No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
F. Other Business Services  
(a) Advertising services Market access th rough modes 1 and 2 permitted only through a dvertising agents registered in China 
with the right to provide foreign advertising serv ices.  Mode 3 permitted only through joint ventures 
with foreign investment limitations of up to 49%.  Majority foreign ownership and wholly foreign-
owned companies to be permitted within two a nd four years of accession.   Mode 4 unbound except 
for horizontal commitments  No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
(c) Management or consulting services No market access limitations for modes 1 and 2.  Mode 3 only through joint ventures, with foreign 
majority ownership permitted;  no limitations w ithin six years of accession.  Mode 4 unbound except 
for horizontal commitments  No national treatment limitations on modes 1, 2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
(e) Technical testing and analysis services and freight 
inspection excluding statutory 
inspection for freight inspection services No market access limitations for modes 1 and 2.  Mode 3 only through foreign service suppliers 
engaged in inspection in their home country for ove r three years;  registered capital requirements of 
US$350,000.  Foreign majority ownership and fully  foreign-owned subsidiaries to be permitted 
within two and four years after accession.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
 No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
(f) Services incidental to 
agriculture, forestry, hunting 
and fishing No market access limitations for modes 1 and 2.  mode 3 only through joint ventures, with foreign 
majority ownership permitted.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
 No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
limitations 
(m) Related scientific 
technical consulting servicesc No market access limitations for modes 1 and 2.   Mode 3 only in petroleum exploitation in 
cooperation with Chinese partners.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
 
No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
 - Onshore oil-field services No market access or national treatme nt limitations for modes 1 and 2.   Market access for mode 3 o nly 
in petroleum exploitation in cooperation with the China National Petroleum Corp. in designated areas 
approved by the Government.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
 
Limitations on national treatment for mode 3 incl uding data provision require ments, and investment 
in hard currency.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
(p) Photographic services No market access limitations for modes 1 and 2.  Mode 3 only in the form of joint ventures, with 
foreign majority ownership permitted.  M ode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
 No national treatment limitations for Modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
(q) Packaging services No market access limitations for modes 1 and 2.  Mode 3 through joint ventures.  Foreign majority 
ownership and wholly foreign-owne d subsidiaries permitted one a nd three years after accession.  
Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
 No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
Table AIV.2 (cont'd)  China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 225 
 
 
Service sector Commitments 
(s) Convention services No market access limitations for mode s 1 and 2.  Mode 3 through joint ventures, with foreign 
majority ownership permitted.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
 No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
(t) Translation and 
interpretation services No market access limitations for modes 1 and 2.  Mode 3 only through joint ventures, with foreign 
majority ownership permitted.  Mode 4 unbound ex cept as indicated in horizontal commitments 
 
No national treatment limitations for modes 1, 2 and 3.  Mode 4 for qualified personnel 
- Maintenance and repair 
services, maintenance and 
repair services of office machinery and equipment including computers;  rental 
and leasing services. No market access limitations for modes 1 and 2.  Mode 3 only through joint ventures.  Foreign 
majority and  wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries to  be permitted one and three years after accession.  
Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments  No national treatment limitations except for modes 1, 2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
2.  COMMUNICATION 
SERVICES  
B. Courier Services No market access limitations for modes 1 and 2.  Mode 3 through joint ventures, with foreign 
investment not exceeding 49%.  Foreign majority and wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries to be 
permitted within one and four years after acce ssion.  Mode 4 unbound ex cept for horizontal 
commitments 
 
No national treatment limitations except for modes 1, 2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
C. Telecommunication Services  
Value-added servicesd Market access limitations for modes 1 and 3 incl uding geographical limita tions, and investment 
through joint ventures;  limitations to be eased  after one year, and no geographical limitations 
two years after accession.  No limitations for mode 2, and mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
 No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
Basic telecommunication services 
- Paging services Market access limitations for modes 1 and 3 incl uding geographical limita tions, and investment 
through joint ventures;  limitations to be eased  after one year, and no geographical limitations 
following two years after accession.   No limitations for mode 2, and mode 4 unbound except for 
horizontal commitments 
 No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
Mobile Voice and Data Services:  
- Analogue/Digital/Cellular 
Services  - Personal Communication Services Market access limitations for modes 1 and 3 incl uding geographical limita tions, and investment 
through joint ventures;  limitations to be eased  after one year, and no geographical limitations 
two years after accession.  No limitations for mode 2, and mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
 No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
Domestic servicese 
 
International servicesf Market access limitations for modes 1 and 3 incl uding geographical limita tions, and investment 
through joint ventures;  limitations to be eased  after one year, and no geographical limitations 
two years after accession.  No limitations for mode 2, and mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments  No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
D. Audiovisual Services  
- videos including entertainment software and 
distribution services  - sound recording distribution services No market access limitations for modes 1 and 2.  Mode 3 through contractual joint ventures with 
Chinese partners for distribution of audiovisu al products excluding motion pictures.  Mode 4 
unbound except for horizontal commitments  No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
- Cinema theatre services No market access limitations for mode s 1 and 2.  Mode 3 access for c onstruction and/or  renovation of 
cinema/theatre up to foreign equity of 49%.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
Table AIV.2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 226 
 
 
Service sector Commitments 
3. CONSTRUCTION AND 
RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES Market access and national treatment limitations for mode 1 unbound due to lack of technical 
feasibility.  No limitations for mode 2.  Mark et access through mode 3 pe rmitted only through joint 
ventures, with foreign majority ownership.  With in three years of accession, wholly foreign-owned 
enterprises to be permitted although they are limited to four types of construction projects.  Mode 4 
unbound except for horizontal commitments 
 No national treatment limitations for mode 3 except for different registered capital requirements, and 
an obligation for joint ventures to undertake forei gn-invested construction projects.  No limitations 
after accession.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
4. DISTRIBUTION 
SERVICES  
A. Commission Agents' 
Services (excluding salt, tobacco) 
 
B. Wholesale Trade Services (excluding salt, tobacco) Market access and national treatment limitations unboun d for mode 1;  no limitations for mode 2.  
Market access under mode 3 permits foreign service su ppliers to establish joint ventures one year 
after accession.  A list of activities they may engage in  is provided.   Foreign majority ownership to 
be permitted within two years from accession and no geographic or quantitative restrictions to apply 
 No national treatment limitations under modes 2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
C. Retailing Services (excluding tobacco) Limitations on market access and national treatment unbound for mode 1 and no limitations for 
mode 2.  Limitations on market access for mode 3.  No limitations on national treatment for mode 3.  
Market access and national treatment for mode  4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
D. Franchising No market access and national treatment li mitations for modes 1 and 2.  For mode 3 no market access 
or national treatment limitations within thr ee years after accession.  Mode 4 unbound except for 
horizontal commitments 
E. Wholesale or Retail Trade Services Away from a Fixed 
Location Same as above 
5. EDUCATIONAL 
SERVICESg Market access and national treatment limitations unboun d for mode 1;  no limitations for mode 2.  
Market access under mode 3 limited to joint schools,  with foreign majority ownership permitted.  
Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitment s and other limitations.  Qualification 
requirements for mode 3 access under national treatment limitations 
6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
A. Sewage Services B. Solid Waste Disposal 
Services 
C. Cleaning Services of 
Exhaust Gases 
D. Noise Abatement Services E. Nature and Landscape 
Protection Services 
F. Other Environmental 
Protection Services 
G. Sanitation Services Market access unbound for mode 1 except for environmen tal consultation services.  No limitations 
for mode 2.  For mode 3 foreign service suppliers  permitted only in joint ventures, with foreign 
majority ownership permitted.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
 No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES  
A. All Insurance and Insurance 
Related Servicesh Market access under mode 1 unbound except for rein surance, international marine, aviation and 
transport insurance, and brokerage for large-scale commercial risks, international marine aviation and 
transport insurance and reinsurance.  Mode 2 unbound for brokerage, and no limitations on others.  
Mode 3 restrictions on forms of establishment, geographic coverage, and bus iness scope and number 
of licences.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments  No national treatment restrictions for modes 1 and 2.   Mode 3 restrictions with regard to statutory 
insurance business.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
B. Banking and Other Financial Services (excluding 
insurance and securities)i Market access through mode 1 unbound except for some se rvices listed.  No limitations on mode 2.  
Mode 3 limitations with regard to geographic coverage, clients a nd licensing requirements.  Mode 4 
unbound except for horizontal commitments  No national treatment limitations for modes 1 and 2.   Mode 3 geographical restrictions as listed for 
market access.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
Table AIV.2 (cont'd)  China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 227 
 
 
Service sector Commitments 
- Motor vehicle financing by 
non-bank financial institutions Market access through mode 1 unbound except for some services listed.  No limitations on modes 2 
and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments  National treatment through mode 1 unbound.  No  limitations on modes 2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound 
except for horizontal commitments 
- Other financial servicesj No limitations on market access or national treatme nt for modes 1, 2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except 
for horizontal commitments 
- Securities Market access through mode 1 unbound except that foreign securities institutions may engage 
directly in B shares transactions.  No limitations on mode 2.  Mode 3 unbound except for listed limitations.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
 
No limitations on national treatment for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES  
A. Hotels (including apartment 
buildings and restaurants) No market access limitations for modes 1 and 2.  For mode 3, investment through joint ventures 
permitted;  no restrictions within four year s of accession.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments;  foreign managers, specialists who have signed contracts with joint-venture hotels 
permitted to provide services in China 
 No national treatment limitations for modes 1,  2 and 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
B. Travel Agencies and Tour Operators No market access limitations for modes 1, 2 and 3.   Mode 3 restrictions on form of investment, 
registered capital requirements, and business scope ;  wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries to be 
permitted and geographical a nd business scope restrictions removed within six years after accession.  
Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments  No national treatment limitations for modes 1 and 2.  Mode 3 restrictions restrict joint ventures or 
wholly foreign-owned agencies and operators from providing services for Ch inese travelling abroad 
and to Hong Kong, China, Macao China, and to Chinese Taipei.  Mode 4 unbound except for 
horizontal commitments 
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES  
A. Maritime Transport 
Services 
- International transport 
(freight and passengers except 
cabotage transport services) No market access limitations for mode 1 on liner shipping and bulk, tramp and other international 
shipping.  No limitations on mode 2.  Mode 3 restrictions on establishment of companies for 
operating a fleet under the Chinese national flag.  Mode 4 unbound for ships crew except as under 
horizontal commitments;  restrictions on chairman of  board of directors and other executives of joint 
ventures  
No national treatment limitations for modes 1 a nd 2.  No mode 3 restrictions for companies 
established under the Chinese national flag;  othe r forms of commercial presence unbound.  Mode 4 
unbound except for horizontal commitments 
H. Auxiliary Services 
(a) Maritime cargo-handing 
services 
(c) Customs clearance services 
for maritime transport Limitations on market access and national treatment for mode 1 unbound due to lack of technical 
feasibility.  No limitations on mode 2.  Mode 3 market access permitted only through joint ventures, 
with foreign majority ownership permitted.  No na tional treatment limitations for mode 3.  Mode 4 
for both market access and national treatme nt unbound except for horizontal commitments 
(d) Container station and depot 
services Same as above 
(e) Maritime agency services No market access or national tr eatment restrictions for modes 1 and 2.  Mode 3 market access 
through joint ventures, with foreign equity limite d to 49%.  No national treatment limitation for 
mode 3.  Mode 4 for both market access a nd national treatment unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
B. Internal Waterways Transport 
(b) Freight transport Market access and national treatment for mode 1 limi ted to international shipping in ports open to 
foreign vessels.  No limitations for mode 2 a nd unbound for mode 3.  Mode 4 unbound except for 
horizontal commitments 
C. Air Transport Services 
(d) Aircraft repair and 
maintenance services Market access and national treatment for mode 1 unboun d due to lack of technical feasibility.  No 
limitations for mode 2.  Market access for mode 3 limited to joint ventures with the Chinese partner 
being the dominant shareholder;  licences are s ubject to economic needs test.  For limitations on 
national treatment under mode 3, the joint ventur es are required to conduct their business in the 
international market.  Mode 4 unbound for both market access and national treatment except for 
horizontal commitments 
- Computer reservation system 
services Market access limitations with regard to mode 1.  No national treatment limitations for mode 1.  No 
limitations on market access or national treatme nt for mode 2.  Mode 3 unbound and mode 4 
unbound except for horizontal commitments 
Table AIV.2 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 228 
 
 
Service sector Commitments 
E. Rail Transport Services 
- Freight transportation by rail 
F. Road Transport Services - Freight transportation by 
road in trucks or cars No limitations on market access or national treat ment for modes 1 and 2.  Market access through 
mode 3 only through joint ventures with foreign i nvestment restricted to 49%.  For rail transport 
majority ownership and fully foreig n owned subsidiaries to be permi tted with three and six years after 
accession (one and three years respectively for road tr ansport).  No national treatment restrictions for 
mode 3 and mode 4 for market access and na tional treatment unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
H. Services Auxiliary to all Modes of Transport 
- Storage and warehousing 
services Market access and national treatment for mode 1 unboun d;  no limitations on mode 2.  Market access 
through mode 3 only through joint ventures with foreign equity up to 49%;  foreign majority 
ownership to be permitted with in one year of  accession and no limitations within three years of 
accession. No mode 3 limitations on national treatment.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal 
commitments 
- Freight forwarding agency services (excluding freight inspection) No market access and national treatment limitations for modes 1 and 2.  Market access limitations for 
mode 3.  None for national treatment.  Mode 4 unbound except for horizontal commitments 
a Systems and software consulting services, systems analysis se rvices, systems design services, programming services and system s 
maintenance services. 
b Input preparation services, data processing a nd tabulation services, time sharing services. 
c Offshore oil-field services, geological, geophysical and other scientific prospecting services , sub-surface surveying service s. 
d Electronic mail, voice mail, on-line inform ation and database retrieval, electroni c data interchange, enhanced/value-added 
facsimile services (including store and forward, store and retr ieve), code and prot ocol conversion and on- line information and/ or 
data processing (including transaction processing). 
e Voice services, packet-switched data tran smission services, circuit-switched data transmission services, facsimile services, 
domestic private leased circuit services. 
f Voice services, packet-switched data transmission services, ci rcuit-switched data transmission services, facsimile services, and 
international closed user group voice and data services (use of private leased ci rcuit service is permitted). 
g Primary and secondary education services (excluding national compulsory education), higher education services, adult educatio n 
services and other education services  (including English language training). 
h Life, health and pension/annuities insura nce;  non-life insurance;  reinsurance;  and services  auxiliary to insurance. 
i Acceptance of deposits and other repayabl e funds from the public;  lending of all ty pes, including consumer credit, mortgage 
credit, factoring and financing of commerci al transaction;  financial leasing;  a ll payment and money transmission services, 
including credit, charge, and de bit cards, travellers cheques and bankers draf ts (including import a nd export settlement);  
guarantees and commitments;  and trading for ow n or for customers' account:  foreign exchange. 
j Provision and transfer of financial inform ation and financial data processing and rela ted software by supplier of other finan cial 
services;  advisory, intermediation and ot her auxiliary financial services on all ac tivities listed in subparagraphs (a) throug h 
(k) including credit reference and analysis, investment and portfolio research and advice, advice on acquisitions and on corpor ate 
restructuring and strategy. 
Note: Mode 1:  cross border supply;  mode 2:  consumption abroad;  mode 3:  commercial presence;  and mode 4:  presence of natu ral 
persons. 
Source:  WTO documents GATS/SC/135, 14 February 2002, GATS/SC/135/Co rr.1, 20 February 2003, and 
GATS/SC/135/Corr.2, 30 November 2004. 
 
 China WT/TPR/S/199 
 Page 229 
 
 
Table AIV.3 
Banking institutions in China 
State-owned commercial banks (SOCBs) 
The Big Four SOCBs are:  the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), or iginally set up to provide loan s to the agricultural and rural  areas;  
the Bank of China (BOC), mandated to speci alize in international transactions;  th e China Construction Bank (CCB), to specializ e in 
financing construction and infrastructure pr ojects, usually in the form of long-term loans;  and the Industrial & Commercial Ba nk of 
China (ICBC), originally to provide working- capital loans to the industrial and commerci al sectors in the urban areas.  They ar e the 
most dominant and influential players in China’s banking sector .  Together they account for around 53% of the financial system' s assets 
and 55% of the banking sector’s total assets in 2006.  All four have diversified from their orig inal mandate since 1994, when t he 
Government created the so-called "policy banks" in order to take  over the Big Four’s state-dir ected lending role, and to allow the 
SOCBs to direct their operations toward commercial lending. SO CBs continue to be controlled by  the Government, although foreign  
strategic investors have been permitted to have minority stakes in them.  In additi on to the Big Four, the Bank of Communicatio ns is 
wholly state-owned.  
Policy banks  
These banks were established in 1994 to relieve the Big Four of  their state-directed lending role . They are:  the Agricultural 
Development Bank of China, which primarily took over the policy le nding role from the ABC;  the China Development Bank, which 
took over from the CCB and to a certain extent from the ICBC; a nd  the Export-Import Bank of China, which took over from the BO C, 
particularly the trade financing function. Their funds come mainly from guarant eed bond issues. The combined assets of the thre e 
policy banks have grown rapidl y and now make up around 10% of the total banking sector. 
Commercial banks  
Equity ownership of these banks is shared between the state and private investors. Together, they  account for almost 20% of ban king 
sector assets. Commercial banks include the joint-stock commer cial banks (JSCBs), the city commercial banks, and the rural 
commercial banks. The first JSCBs were formed in the 1980s;  th ey are organized as joint-stock limited companies with minor 
investment by local government.  However, the local governments' investment has been  gradually transferred to local correspondi ng 
corporations, which are special vehicles r unning state-owned assets.  As a result, the shares owned by local governments have g radually 
decreased;  most are owned by SOEs and private enterprises.  Th ey are subject to closer scrutin y by shareholders and have bette r 
disclosure and governance requirements.  In addition, 8 of th e 12 JSCBs are listed on domestic stock exchanges and thus subject  to 
additional disclosure requirements.  As a result partly of better governance, they have  lower NPLs, better capitalization, and more 
adequate provisioning than the SOCBs.  They have made inroads in to the small and medium enterpri se (SME) loan market. The JSCBs  
have recently been the preferred joint-vent ure partner of international banks trying to gain access to China’s banking sector. City 
commercial banks are owned by municipal gove rnments and others, including SOEs, private enterprises, and individual investors. Their 
scope of business tends to be concentrated in the city where th ey are located. Rural commercial banks were set up in 2001 and t ook 
over some of the activities of th e rural credit cooperatives;  they provide financ ing mainly for farmers and small and medium-s ized 
enterprises in rural areas. 
Credit cooperatives  
The cooperative sector is divided into urban credit cooperatives  and rural credit cooperatives. The former are being consolidat ed 
gradually to form the city commercial banks; while the rural credit cooperatives mainly provide funding for agricultural househ olds (as 
opposed to rural commercial banks which provide fund ing for commercial ventures in the rural areas). 
China Postal Savings Bank  
This was established in December 2006, as a result of the restru cturing of the country's postal system.  The restructured State  Post 
Bureau (SPB) and the newly established China Post Group (CPG) were  officially launched as a result of the restructuring.  Under  the 
restructuring scheme approved by the Stat e Council in mid 005, the SPB will be the gove rnment regulator of postal services, whi le 
CPG will concentrate on the business operations of postal services.  The bank is wholly owned by the China Post Group (CPG), ha s a 
registered capital of Y 20 billion, and will be under the superv ision of the CBRC. Based on the huge amount of postal savings i n the 
system (more than Y 1.7 billion at end December 2006, equivalent to more than 9.5% of national deposits), the new bank will bec ome 
the country's fifth-largest, after the Big Four. As the postal sy stem has a network of 36,000 outlets across the country, the n ew bank will 
also become the second-largest lender in te rms of outlets, exceeded only by the ABC.  It will specialize in retail banking and 
intermediary services, and is expected to boost rural banking. 
Foreign banks  
At end-August 2007, there were 22 locally incorporated foreign-ba nk subsidiaries, 12 of which were converted from branches.  At  the 
time of writing, according to the aut horities, foreign banks account for around 2.4% of total banki ng-sector assets. Regulation s have 
gradually allowed foreign banks greater ac cess to China's domestic banking business. 
Non-bank financial institutio ns (supervised by the CBRC) :   
This group includes trust companies, corporate finance companies,  leasing companies, money brokerage companies and automobile 
finance companies;  together they account for around 3% of the banking sector’s total assets. 
Source: CBRC Annual Report 2006; WTO 2006;  Deutsc he Bank Research (2004), "China's Financial Sector:  Institutional 
Framework and Main Challenges" (9 January 2004) ;  and Information updated by the authorities.  
 WT/TPR/S/199 Trade Policy Review 
Page 230 
 
 
Table AIV.4 
Registration requirements and application pro cedures in maritime transport services, 2008 
Qualification requirements Application requirements  Application procedures 
International shipping operators  
Suitable vessels, among which vessels of Chinese 
nationality;  vessels in compliance with the State's technical standards for maritime traffic safety; bills of lading, passenger tickets or multimodal transportation documents;  senior executives with 
professional qualifications  Application letter;  feasibility study 
report;  investment agreement;  
business registration document;  photocopy of the vessel's ownership, nationality or inspection document;  sample bill of lading, passenger ticket 
or multimodal transport document;  
certificates of senior executives' professional qualifications Application submitted to the MOC, 
and a duplicate to MOC-designated 
departments in provincial governments;  MOC decides whether to grant permission within 30 working days;  applicants informed of negative 
decision in writing along with reasons 
International shipping agencies 
At least two senior executiv es with no less than three 
years’ experience in international maritime transport business operations;  fixed place of business and necessary business facilities Application letter;  feasibility study 
report;  investment agreement;  
business registration document;  proof of a fixed place of business;  documents certifying the business experience of the senior executives;  
electronic data interchange (EDI) 
agreement with ports and Customs, or other documents issued by relevant ports or Customs Application submitted to the MOC, 
and duplicate to MOC-designated 
departments in provincial governments;  MOC decides whether to grant permission within 15 working days;  MOC issues permission, or 
notifies negative decision in writing, 
along with reasons 
International shipping management operators 
At least two senior executiv es with no less than three 
years’ experience in international maritime transport 
business operations;  some staff members with master's qualifications and chief engineer's qualifications appropriate to the ships and trading 
zones under their manage ment;  equipment and 
facilities appropriate to international ship 
management services Application letter;  feasibility study 
report;  investment agreement;  
business registration document;  proof 
of a fixed place of business;  documents certifying the business experience of the senior executives;  photocopies of the master's, and the 
chief engineer's certificates Application submitted to the MOC-
designated departments in provincial 
governments;  desi gnated departments 
decide whether to grant permission within 15 working days;  they issue permission or notify negative decision in writing, along with reasons 
Non-vessel-operating common carriers (NVOCC) 
Enterprise must be esta blished within Chinese 
territory, and pay a surety bond of Y 800,000, and an additional Y 200,000 for each subsequent branch, to a designated bank account in China Application letter;  feasibility study 
report;  business registration 
document;  sample bill of lading;  photocopy of receipt certifying payment of the surety bond Application submitted to the MOC, 
and duplicate to MOC-designated 
departments in provincial governments;  MOC decides whether to grant permission within 15 working 
days;  MOC issues permission or 
notifies negative decision in writing, along with reasons 
International liner operator 
Must be qualified as an international shipping 
operator, and other requirements Name;  registered place of business;  
photocopy of business licence;  and information about main investors and 
main management staff;  particulars 
of the vessels;  description of the intended shipping lines, schedules and ports of call;  the freight tariff;  and a sample bill of lading, passenger ticket 
or multimodal transport document Application submitted to the MOC;  
MOC decides whether to grant permission within 30 working days;  
MOC issues permission or notifies 
negative decision in writing, along with reasons 
Wholly foreign-owned shipping company 
Engaged in shipping for more than 15 years;  
established resident representative office for more than three years in the por t city where the intended 
company is to be located;  liner vessels must stop at least once a month at the port where the intended 
company is to be located;  foreign shipping 
companies engaged in tramping services must possess stable cargo sources  in China;  ensure 
business operations did not violate Chinese law, administrative regulations or rules in China for 
two consecutive years Application letter;  feasibility report; 
company's charter;  legal documents 
and credit certifying documents;  appointment letter of the legal representative and the names and resumes of the board directors; 
sample bill of lading;  photocopies of 
the document approving the operation of the liner service and that approving the establishment of the resident representative office; other documents 
required by MOFCOM and MOC Application submitted to the 
MOFCOM-designated departments in 
provincial governments, and a duplicate copy sent to the MOC; MOFCOM, after consulting with the MOC, examines and decides whether 
to approve the application.  With the 
approval document, the applicant then registers with the SAIC, and obtains a permit from MOC before starting operations 
Source:  Regulations on International Maritime Transportation;   Implementing Rules of Regulations on International 
Maritime Transportation;  and Interim Provisions on Examination and Approval of Wholly-Foreign-Owned 
(WFO) Shipping Companies. 
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