WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
20 July 2005 
 (05-3243) 
Council for Trade in Services 
Special Session Original:   English 
 
 
 
LIECHTENSTEIN 
 
Revised Offer  
 
 
 The following revised offer, dated 22 June 2005 , from the delegation of Liechtenstein, is being 
circulated to the Members of the Council for Trade in Services.  
________ 
 
  
Liechtenstein hereby submits its revised conditional offer in the context of the negotiations based on 
GATS Art. XIX and the paragraph 15 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration. 
 This GATS offer includes the schedule of specific commitments and the Article II (MFN) Exemption 
List. The current offer does not prejudge Liecht enstein’s final position related to the final 
commitments as an outcome of the present negotiations . Liechtenstein reserves the right to withdraw, 
modify or reduce its revised offer on services at any time prior to the conclusion of the services negotiations.   
This schedule draws upon the commitments presen tly in force and the initial offer dated 
10 April 2003 (TN/S/O/LIE). The modifications are inscribed as outlined in th e editorial conventions 
contained in Secretariat document JOB(05)/6.    
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 2 LIECHTENSTEIN – SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
 
Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
- The level of commitments in a particular sector shall not be construed to supersede the level of commitments taken with respe ct to any other services sector to which such 
service is an input or to which it is otherwise related.   
- CPC numbers indicated in square brackets are references to th e UN Provisional Central Product Classification (Statistical Pap ers Series M No. 77, Provisional Central 
Product Classification, Department of International Economics and Social Affairs, Statistical Offi ce of the United Nations, New  York, 1991). 
- Unless otherwise provided for, requirements of residency, domi cile, commercial presence, etc. in a commitment relate to the t erritory of Liechtenstein. 
- Annexes I and II form an integral part of this schedule.  
PART  I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS1 
ALL SECTORS INCLUDED 
IN THIS SCHEDULE    
The level of commitments in a particular secto r shall not be construed to supersede the le vel of commitments taken with respect to any other services sector to which such se rvice is an 
input or to which it is otherwise relate d.  CPC numbers indicated in square bra ckets are references to the UN Provisi onal Central Product Classification (Statistical Papers Series M 
No. 77, Provisional Central Product Classification, Department of  International Economics and Social Affairs, Statistical Offic e of the United Nations, New York, 1991).  
This part sets out those commitments that apply to trade in s ervices in all scheduled services sectors unless otherwise specifi ed. Those commitments that apply to trade in 
specific services sectors are listed in Part II. 
 1) None 1) None except Uuu nbound for subsidies, tax 
incentives and tax credits  
   Once the EEA Agreemen t has entered into force 
for the Principality of Liechtenstein, t Treatment 
accorded to subsidiaries of third country 
companies formed in accordance with the law 
of an EEA Member State and having registered office, central administration or principal place 
of business within an EEA  Member State is not 
extended to branches or agencies established in an EEA Member State by a third-country 
company. 
  
                                                      
 1 Liechtenstein makes reference to the spec ific geographic situation of the country, to  its limited resources and to the small l abour market.  Therefore, Liechtenstein is in a 
position to bind its services sector only with the reservations mentioned in  Part I and Part II.  
  TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1
 Page 3Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
   Treatment less favourable may be accorded to 
subsidiaries of third countries having only their 
registered office in th e territory of an EEA 
Member State unless they show that they possess an effective and continuous link with 
the economy of one of the EEA Member 
States .  
 2) None 2) None except Uuu nbound for subsidies, tax 
incentives and tax credits  
 3) The establishment of a commercial presence by 
a juridical person (including branches) is subject to the requirement that no objection for 
reasons of national economy (balanced 
proportion of national and foreign capital; balanced ratio of foreigners in comparison with 
the number of resident population; balanced 
ratio of total number of jobs in the economy in comparison with the number of the resident 
population; balanced geographic situation; 
balanced development of the national 
economy, between and within the sectors) 
exists .    
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 4 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
  3) None except for the following: 
 The establishment of a commercial presence by 
an individual is subject to the requirement of 
prior residence during a certain period of time and of permanent domicile in Liechtenstein. 
He/she must possess sector specific 
government -recognized professional 
qualifications  
 The establishment of a commercial presence by 
a juridical person (including branches) is 
subject to the following requirements: At least 
one of the managers has to fulfil the requirements of prior residence during a certain 
period of time and of permanent domicile in 
Liechtenstein. He must possess sector specific 
government -recognized professional 
qualifications.  The majority of the 
administrators (authorized to manage and represent the juridical person) must be resident 
in Liechtenstein and have either to be 
Liechtenstein citizens or have prior residence during a certain period of time in Liechtenstein. 
The general and the limited partnership have to 
fulfil the same conditions as corporations with limited liability (juridical person). In addition 
the majority of the associates have to be 
Liechtenstein citizens or to have prior residence during a certain period of time in Liechtenstein. 
   
  TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1
 Page 5Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
   The Liechtenstein company law does not 
prohibit joint stock companies from foreseeing 
in their articles of incorporation the preclusion 
or limitation of the transf er of registered shares  
   Once the EEA Agreemen t has entered into force 
for the Princip ality of Liechtenstein, t Treatment 
accorded to subsidiaries of third- country 
companies formed in accordance with the law 
of an EEA Member State and having registered 
office, central administration or principal place 
of business within an EEA  Member State is not 
extended to branches or agencies established in 
an EEA Member State by a third-country 
company .  
   Treatment less favourable may be accorded to 
subsidiaries of third countries having only their 
registered office in th e territory of an EEA 
Member State unless they show that they 
possess an effective and continuous link with 
the economy of one of the EEA Member States .  
   All acquisitions of real estate are subject to 
authorization. Such authorization is granted only if an actual and proven requirement for 
living or business purposes is given and a 
certain period of residence has been completed. Non-residents are excluded from the acquisition 
of real estate. 
   
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 6 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 4) Unbound,  except for measures concerning the 
entry and temporary stay of natural persons 
(hereafter persons) falling within the 
categories, as defined in paragraph I below, and subject to the following limitations and 
conditions and to the limitations and conditions 
on national treatment set out under the national treatment column: Entry and stay of foreign 
services suppliers in Liechtenstein is subject to 
authorization (requirement of residency permit 
and work permit). Authorization is granted 
subject to measures fixing overall numbers of work permits allocated. For essential personnel 
as defined in paragraph I below, the period of 
stay is limited to a period of three years. Persons staying in or entering Liechtenstein 
with an open-ended or prolongable residence 
permit based on an employment contract not limited in time for Liechtenstein are not 
considered as persons residing in or entering 
Liechtenstein for the purpose of temporary stay or temporary employment in Liechtenstein. 
 4) Unbound,  except for measures concerning the 
categories of natural persons referred to in the 
market access column and subject to the 
following limitations and conditions: working conditions prevailing in the branch and the 
place of activity provi ded by law and/or 
collective agreement (with respect to 
remuneration, working hours, etc.), measures 
limiting professional mobility, regulations 
related to statutory systems of social security 
and public retirement plans (with respect 
to.qualifying period, residency requirement, etc.) and all other provisions of the legislation 
relating to immigration, entry, stay and work. 
The enterprise employing such persons shall cooperate, upon request, with the authorities in 
charge of the enforcem ent of these measures.  
 I. Essential persons transferred to 
Liechtenstein within a specific business or 
company (intra-corporate transferees ) 
 
 Are considered as essential those persons - 
defined in detail below - who are employees of 
a business or company (hereafter enterprise) 
providing services in Liechtenstein through a branch or subsidiary established in 
Liechtenstein and who have been beforehand 
employees of their enterprise outside Liechtenstein for a period of not less than one 
year immediately preceding their application 
for admission: 
    
  TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1
 Page 7Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 a) Executives and senior managers : 
persons who primarily direct the enterprise 
or one of its departments and who receive 
only general supervision or direction from high-level executives, the board of 
directors or the stockholders of the 
enterprise.   
  Executives and senior managers would not 
directly perform tasks related to the actual 
provision of services of the enterprise.   
  b)  Specialists : highly qualified persons who, 
within an enterprise, are essential for the 
provision of a specific service by reason of 
their knowledge at an advanced level of expertise in the field of services, research 
equipment, techniques or management of 
the enterprise.   
PART II. SECTOR-SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS  
1. BUSINESS SERVICES 
 
A. Professional Services  
 
a) Legal Service 
 - Consultancy on home 
country law and 
international law (except for consulting on 
Liechtenstein law)  
 (part of CPC 861)  
 
  
 
 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) Unbound 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
 
  
 
 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) Unbound 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 8 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
b) Accounting, auditing and 
bookkeeping services 
 
- Accounting and auditing 
services 
 (CPC 8621)  
 
 
1) None  
2) None 
 3) Foreign equity ceiling of 49 per cent.  Foreign 
voting rights may not exceed 49 per cent.  At 
least one member of the administration body 
authorized to manage and represent must be a 
Liechtenstein citizen domiciled in Liechtenstein, be in possession of the 
professional licence to act as an auditor and 
must work full-time for the juridical person.  The majority of the members of the 
administrative body must be in possession of 
the professional licence to act as an auditor. 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
 
 
1) None  
2) None 
 3) Unbound 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
- Bookkeeping services, 
except tax returns  
 (CPC 8622) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   
  TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1
 Page 9Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
c) Taxation services 
 (CPC 863) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) Foreign equity ceiling of 49 per cent. Foreign 
voting rights may not exceed 49 per cent. At 
least one member of the administrative body authorized to manage and represent must be a 
Liechtenstein citizen domiciled in 
Liechtenstein, be in possession of the 
professional licence to act as an auditor or 
trustee and must work full-time for the juridical person. 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) Unbound 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
d) Architectural services 
 (CPC 8671) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
e) Engineering services  
 (CPC 8672) 1) None 
 
 
  
 
2) None  
 1) Liechtenstein national ity necessary for survey 
activities for official public purposes (however, 
foreign surveyors can work under the 
responsibility of a licensed Liechtenstein surveyor). 
 
2) None  
   
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 10 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 3) None 3) Liechtenstein nationality necessary for survey 
activities for official public purposes (however, 
foreign surveyors can work under the 
responsibility of a licensed Liechtenstein surveyor).  
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;  
Liechtenstein nationality necessary for survey 
activities for official public purposes (however, foreign surveyors can work under the 
responsibility of a licensed Liechtenstein 
surveyor). 
  
f) Integrated engineering 
services  
 (CPC 8673) 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
g) Urban planning and 
landscape architectural services  
 (CPC 8674) 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   
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 Page 11Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
B. Computer and Related 
Services   
 (CPC 841 - CPC 845, CPC 
8491) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
C. Research and 
Development Services  
 
a) R&D services on natural 
sciences, excluding 
projects financed in whole or in part by public funds 
 (part of CPC 851)  
 
 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
 
 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
b) R&D services on social 
sciences, excluding 
projects financed in whole or in part by public funds  
 (part of CPC 852) 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
c) Interdisciplinary R&D 
sciences, excluding 
projects financed in whole 
or in part by public funds 
 (part of CPC 853) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 12 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
E. Rental/Leasing Services 
without Operators  
 
c) Relating to other transport 
equipment 
 (CPC 83101 +  CPC 83102 
+ CPC 83105)   
 
 
1) None  
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
 
 
1) None  
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
d) Relating to other 
machinery and equipment 
 (CPC 83106 - CPC 83109) 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
F. Other Business Services  
 
a) Advertising services  
- Advertising services 
(including direct mail advertising), excluding 
outdoor advertising and 
excluding advertising for goods subject to import 
authorization and 
excluding pharmaceutical products, alcohol, tobacco, 
toxics, explosives, 
weapons and ammunition 
 (part of CPC 8711 + part 
of CPC 8712) 
  
 
  
1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
 
  
1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
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 Page 13Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
b) Market research and public 
opinion polling services 
 (CPC 864) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
c) Management consulting 
services 
 (CPC 865) 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
d) Services related to 
management consulting 
 (CPC 866) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
e) Technical testing and 
analysis services 
 (CPC 8676) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 14 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
f) Services incidental to 
agriculture, hunting and 
forestry 
 - Consulting services on 
agriculture, hunting and 
forestry 
 (part of CPC 881)  
 
 
 
1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
 
 
 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
g) Services incidental to 
fishing 
 
- Consulting services 
relating to fishing 
 (part of CPC 882)  
  
1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
  
1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
h) Services incidental to 
mining 
 - Services incidental to 
mining, excluding 
prospection, surveying, exploration and 
exploitation (part of CPC 
883 + part of CPC 5115)   
 
 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
 
 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   
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Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
i) Services incidental to 
manufacturing 
 
- Consulting services 
relating to manufacturing 
(part of CPC 884 + part of 
CPC 885)  
 
 
1) None  
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
 
 
1) None  
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
m) Related scientific and 
technical consulting 
services 
 
- Related scientific and 
technical consulting, excluding prospection, 
surveying, exploration and 
exploitation 
 (part of CPC 8675)   
 
  
1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
 
  
1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
n) Maintenance and repair of 
equipment (not including maritime vessels, aircraft 
or other transport 
equipment) 
 (CPC 633 + 
CPC 8861-CPC 8866) 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I; 
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required for subsector CPC 633 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I; 
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required for subsector CPC 633 
   
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 16 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
o) Building-cleaning services  
 
- Building-cleaning services 
 (CPC 874 except 
CPC 87409)  
 
1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I; 
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required 
for subsector CPC 633  
 
1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I; 
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required 
for subsector CPC 633 
  
p) Photographic services 
(CPC 875) 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
q) Packaging services  
 (CPC 876) 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I; 
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required for subsector CPC 633. 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I; 
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required for subsector CPC 633. 
   
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 Page 17Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
r) Printing, publishing  
          (CPC 88442) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
2. COMMUNICATION 
SERVICES    
C. Telecommunication 
Services     
 Telecommunication  
Services are the transport 
of electro -magnetic 
signals - sound, data, 
image and combinations 
thereof, excluding 
broadcasting2 
    
Telecommunication Services are the transport of electro-magnetic  signals - sound, data, image and combinations thereof,  - excluding broadcasting3 
                                                      
 
3 Broadcasting is defined as the uninterrupted  chain of transmission required for the di stribution of TV and radio programme sig nals to the general public, but does not cover 
contribution links between operators.  
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 18 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(a) Voice telephone services 
 (CPC 7521)   As annexed  
Liechtenstein undertakes the 
additional commitments on basic 
telecommunication contained in 
the reference paper attached in 
Annex I 
(b) Packet-switched data 
transmission (CPC 7523**) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(c) Circuit-switched data 
transmission (CPC 
7523**) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(d) Telex services 
 (CPC 7523**) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   
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Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(e) Telegraph services 
 (CPC 7522) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
(f) Facsimile services 
 (CPC 7521** + 7529**) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(g) Private leased circuit 
services (CPC 7522** + 
7523**) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I    
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 20 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
A. Enhanced/value-added 
telecommunication 
services     
General condition applicable to all telecommunication sectors:  national monopoly on network infrastructure, services have to b e provided over the public network or over leased lines;  
wireles s networks subject to licensing;  pricing of leased lines not volume -sensitive, connection with the public network possible.  
(h) Electronic mail  
 (part of CPC 7523) 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(i) Voice mail  
 (part of CPC 7523) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(j) On-line information and 
data base retrieval 
 (part of CPC 7523) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   
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Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(k) Electronic data interchange 
(EDI)  
 (part of CPC 7523) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(l) Enhanced/value-added 
facsimile services 
 (part of CPC 7523) 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(m) Code and protocol 
conversion 1) None 
 
2) None 
 
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(n) On-line information and/or 
data processing  
 (part of CPC 843) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 22 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(o)   Other    
- Videotext 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
- Enhanced/value-added 
services based on licensed wireless networks 
including enhanced/value-
added paging services, except for voice 
transmission 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
4. DISTRIBUTION 
SERVICES    
A. Commission agents ' 
services  
 
- Commission agents' 
services, excluding 
services related to goods 
subject to import authorization, to 
pharmaceutical products, 
toxics, explosives, weapons and ammunition, 
and precious metals 
 (part of CPC 6211)  
 
 
1) None  
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
 
 
1) None  
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
  TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1
 Page 23Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
B. Wholesale trade services  
 
- Wholesale trade services, 
excluding services related to goods subject to import 
authorization, to 
pharmaceutical products, toxics, explosives, 
weapons and ammunition, 
and precious metals 
 (part of CPC 622)  
 
1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) Restrictions on sales area
None  
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
 
1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
C. Retailing services  
 
- Retailing services, 
excluding services related 
to goods subject to import 
authorization, to pharmaceutical products, 
toxics, explosives, 
weapons and ammunition, 
and precious metals; not 
covered is retailing through mobile sales unit 
(part of CPC 631 + part of 
CPC 632 + part of CPC 6111 + part of CPC 6113 + 
part of CPC 6121)  
 
1) None  
2) None 
 3) Restrictions on sales area 
None  
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;  
commercial presence in Liechtenstein 
required  
 
1) None  
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;  
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required  
D. Franchising   
 (CPC 8929) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 24 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
5. EDUCATIONAL 
SERVICES    
 Private Education al 
Services : 
 
A. Compulsory 
 eE ducation sServices 
(primary & secondary I) 
 part of CPC 921 + part of 
922)  
 
  
1) Unbound 
 2) Unbound 
 
3) Foreigners may establish commercial 
presence only when orga nized as juridical 
persons according to Liechtenstein law 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
 
  
1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
B. Non-compulsory 
sSecondary eEducation 
sServices (secondary II) 
(part of CPC 922) 
 1) None 
 
2) None 
 
3) Foreigners may establish commercial 
presence only when orga nized as juridical 
persons according to Liechtenstein law 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
 
2) None 
 
3) None 
  
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
C. Higher eEducation 
sServices 
 ( part of CPC 923) 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) Foreigners may establish commercial 
presence only when orga nized as juridical 
persons according to Liechtenstein law 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   
  TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1
 Page 25Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
D. Adult eEducation 
sServices ( part of CPC 
924) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) Foreigners may establish commercial 
presence only when orga nized as juridical 
persons according to Liechtenstein law 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
6. ENVIRONMENTAL 
SERVICES4 
 
A. Sewage services   
 (CPC 9401)  
  
1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
  
1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
 
B. Refuse disposal services  
 (CPC 9402)  
1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
 2) None 
 
3) None;  unbound for garbage dump  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;  
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required  
1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;  
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required  
                                                      
 4 Nothing in this commitment should be construed to include pub lic work function whether owned and operated by municipalities or  Liechtenstein government or contracted 
out by them.  
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 26 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
C. Sanitation and similar 
services  
 (CPC 9403) 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;  
commercial presence in Liechtenstein 
required 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I;  
commercial presence in Liechtenstein required  
D. Other environmental 
services  
 (CPC 9404 + CPC 9405 + 
CPC 9406 + part of CPC 
9409) 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
 
Commitments on banking, securities and insu rance services in accordance with the 'Understanding on Comm itments in Financial Ser vices'  
(hereafter 'Understanding') and subject to limitations and conditi ons as contained in Part I (horizontal commitments) and as li sted below. It is 
understood that paragraph B.4 of the 'Unders tanding' does not impose any obligation to allow non-resident financial services su ppliers to solicit business. 
 
 Insurance and insurance 
related services  1) Establishment of a commercial presence is 
required for the provision of insurance services in Liechtenstein. Residents may not 
purchase insurance services  in the territory of 
another Party.  1) Establishment of a commercial presence is 
required for the provision of insurance services 
in Liechtenstein. Residents may not purchase 
insurance services in the territory of another 
Party None   
 2) Establishment of a commercial presence is  
required for the provision of insurance 
services in Liechtenstein. Residents may not 
purchase insurance services  in the territory of 
another Party. None 
 2) Establishment of a commercial presence is 
required for the provision of insurance services 
in Liech tenstein. Residents may not purchase 
insurance services in the territory of another 
Party. None    
  TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1
 Page 27Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 3) Permit for establishment of insurance 
companies from countries other than 
Liechtenstein is granted only to companies 
which are supervised by the Swiss insu rance 
supervision authority;  
Insurance companies incorporated in 
Liechtenstein must be organized as public limited company (Aktiengesellschaft) or as 
co-operative/mutual association 
(Genossenschaft). 
If a third-country insurer wishes to become 
active within Liechten stein, an agency or 
branch office must be established in 
Liechtenstein. The third-country insurer 
must be authorized to conduct insurance activities under  the law of its country of 
incorporation .   
 To be recognized for participation in the basic 
health insurance sche me, health insurance 
suppliers must be organized in the form of 
mutual associations (Genossenschaft, Verein: Versicherungsverein au f Gegenseitigkeit or 
Hilfskasse) or foundations (Stiftung);  
 Duty of security for insurance services;
 
 Economic need test for accident insurance 
services;  
 Commercial presence does not cover the 
setting up of representative offices  3) Domestic legal entities and the branch or 
agency establishment of foreign legal entities 
whose managing or representing bo dies, such 
as the board of directors and the 
administration, are comprised in the main of 
foreigners or foreign firms, shall appoint in 
Liechtenstein a Liechtenstein citizen who is 
permanently resident here either to represent 
the legal entity towards the authorities as a 
legal representative or, empowered as an 
authorized signatory (procu rist), to exercise the 
representation, without the cooperation of 
others. Before setting up a commercial 
presence to provide specific classes of 
insurance services, a fore ign insurer must have 
been authorised to operate in the same classes 
of insurance in its country of origin for at least 
three years  One member of the board of 
directors and the administrators must be 
resident in Liechtenstein. They must be duly 
authorized to fully represent their company. In the case of a branch or an agency, it 
suffices if the general representative, whose 
nomination requires the approval of the supervisory authority, has his residence in 
Liechtenstein and is dul y authorized to fully 
represent his company.   
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 28 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 Banking and other 
financial services  
(excluding insurance) 15) Participation in settlement and clearing 
networks is subject to a commercial presence  
in Liechtenstein  1) Subvention for house building is only granted 
to Liechtenstein citizen, which have to take out 
the loan for the house building at a domestic 
bank  
  According to the pr actice in Liechtenstein, 
mutual funds (collective investments) have to 
be marketed through banks having a 
commercial presence in Liechtenstein   
  Swiss franc denominated issues can be lead 
managed only by a bank having a commercial 
presence (registered office or branch office) in 
Liechtenstein    
 2) Swiss franc denomi nated issues can be lead 
managed only by a bank having a commercial 
presence (registered office or branch office) in 
Liechtenstein None 2) Subvention for house building is only granted 
to Liechtenstein citizen, which have to take out the loan for the house building at a domestic 
bank  
 3) Licence granted to banks and financial 
companies according to Liechtenstein 
Banking and Financial Companies Act has to 
be approved by the Liechtenstein parliament  3) One member of the board of directors and the 
administrators must have domicile in 
Liechtenstein. They must be duly authorized to 
fully represent their company.  
  Banks and financial companies must be 
organized in the form of a limited company   
                                                      
 5 Are covered not only transactions indicate d in paragraph B.3 of the 'Understanding' but the whole range of banking and other f inancial services transactions (excluding 
insurance).  
  TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1
 Page 29Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
  Financial institutions  other than banks and 
financial companies according to the 
Liechtenstein Banking and Companies Act are 
subject to the following licensing requirements: foreign equity ceiling of 49 per 
cent; foreign voting rights may not exceed 49 
per cent; at least one member of the administrative body authorized to manage and 
represent must be a Liechtenstein citizen 
domiciled in Liechtenstein, be in possession 
of the professional licence  to act as an auditor 
or trustee and must work full-time for the juridical person   
  Commercial presence of foreign financial 
institutions is subject to licensing 
requirements relating to the name of firm, 
duties toward the Swiss national bank and regulations on financial institutions in the 
country of origin   
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 30 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
9. TOURISM AND 
TRAVEL RELATED 
SERVICES 
 A. Hotels and restaurants
 
(incl. catering) 
 (CPC 641-CPC 643)  
 
 
 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility, 
except unbound none  for catering (CPC 6423) 
 2) None 
 
3) Licence only granted if 
need for restaurants 
exists (assessment of economic needs is based 
on criteria such as population, degree of 
built-up area, type of neighbourhood, 
touristical interests, number of existing 
restaurants )None  
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
 
 
 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility, 
except unbound none  for catering 
 (CPC 6423)  
2) None 
 
3) Passing an examination may be 
required None  
  
 
  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
B. Travel agencies and tour 
operators services  
 (CPC 7471) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
C. Tourist guides services  
(CPC 7472) 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I    
  TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1
 Page 31Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
10. RECREATIONAL, 
CULTURAL AND 
SPORTING SERVICES 
 (other than audiovisual 
services) 
 
B. News agency services  
(CPC 962)  
 
 
  
 
1) None  
2) None 
 
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
 
 
  
 
1) None  
2) None 
 
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
D. Sporting and other 
recreational services  
 - Sporting services 
 (CPC 9641)  
 
 1) None 
 
2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
 
 1) None 
 
2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 32 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
 
F. Road transport services  
 a) Passenger transportation  
 
- regular, 'closed-door' tours 
only  
 (part of CPC 7121)  
 
 
  
 
 1) None 
 
2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
 
 
  
 
 1) None 
 
2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
- occasional, excluding 
empty entrance, cabotage and taxi services  
 (part of CPC 7122) 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
c) Rental of commercial 
vehicles with operator (CPC 7124) 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   
  TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1
 Page 33Modes of supply: (1)  Cross-border (2)  Consumption abroad (3)  Commercial presence (4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
d) Maintenance and repair of 
road transport equipment  
 (CPC 6112 + CPC 8867) 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
H. Services auxiliary to all 
modes of transport  
 a) Cargo-handling services 
(CPC 741)  
 
 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
 
 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
b) Storage and warehouse 
services  
 (CPC 742) 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
c), d) Freight transport agency 
services, including other 
auxiliary transport 
services, excluding local pick up and delivery  
 (CPC 748 + part of 
CPC 749) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 34  
 
 Annex I 
 
Additional Commitment by Liechtenstein 
(Reference Paper) 
 
 
Scope  The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic telecommunications services. 
 
Definitions  
“Users ” mean service consumers and service suppliers.   
 
“Essential facilities ” mean facilities of a public telecommunications transport network and service 
that   (a) are exclusively or predominantly provi ded by a single or limited number of 
suppliers; and 
 
 (b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to provide a 
service.  
A “major supplier ” is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of 
participation (having regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for basic 
telecommunications services as a result of: 
  (a) control over essential facilities;  or   (b) use of its position in the market.  
1. Competitive safeguards 
 1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive  practices in telecommunications 
  Appropriate measures shall be maintained fo r the purpose of preventing suppliers who, 
alone or together, are a major supplier from engagin g in or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
 1.2 Safeguards   The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:  
 (a) engaging in anti-competi tive cross-subsidization;   
  (b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results;  and   (c) not making available to other services  suppliers on a timely basis technical 
information about essential facilities  and commercially relevant information 
which are necessary for them to provide services. 
  TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
 Page 35 
 
 
 2. Interconnection 
 2.1 This section applies to linking with suppliers providing public telecommunications transport networks or services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicate with users of another supplier and  to access  services provided by another supplier. 
 
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured   Within the limits of permitted market access, interconnection with a major supplier will be ensured at any technically feasible point in the network.  Such interconnection is provided
6: 
 
 (a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for 
its own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its subsidiaries or other affiliates
7; 
 
 (b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay for network components or facilities that it does not require for the service to be provided;  and 
 
(c) upon request, at points in addition to the network termination points offered to 
the majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary additional facilities. 
 
2.3 Public availability of the procedures for interconnection negotiations 
  The procedures applicable for interconnectio n to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available.  2.4 Transparency of int erconnection arrangements 
 
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make  publicly available eith er its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer.  2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement 
 
 A service supplier requesting interconnectio n with a major supplier will have recourse, 
either:   (a) at any time or  
 (b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known 
                                                     
 
     6 Suppliers of services or networks not generally availa ble to the public, such as closed user groups, have 
guaranteed rights to connect with the public telecommunications transport network or services on terms, conditions and 
rates which are non-discriminatory, transp arent and cost-oriented.  Such terms,  conditions and rates may, however, 
vary from the terms, conditions and rates applicable to in terconnection between public telecommunications networks or 
services. 
     7  Different terms, conditions and rates may be set in Liechtenstein  for operators in different market 
segments, on the basis of non-discriminatory and transparent national licensing provisions, where such differences can be objectively justified b ecause these s ervices are not consid ered 'like services'. TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 36  
 
  
to an independent domestic body, which may be a regulatory body as referred to in paragraph 5 
below, to resolve disputes regar ding appropriate terms, conditio ns and rates for interconnection 
within a reasonable period of time, to the extent that these have not been established previously. 
 
3. Universal service 
  Any Member has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to maintain.  Such obligations will not be regarded as anti-competitive per se , provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminato ry and competitively neutral manner and are not 
more burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member.      
 4. Public availability of licensing criteria   Where a licence is  required, the following will be made publicly available: 
 
 (a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a 
decision concerning an application for a licence  and 
  (b) the terms and conditions of  individual licences.  
 The reasons for the denial of a licence will be made known to the applicant upon request. 
 5. Independent regulators   The regulatory body is separate from, an d not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services.  The decisions of and the procedures used by regulators shall be 
impartial with respect to all market participants.  6. Allocation and use of scarce resources   Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, 
numbers and rights of way, will  be carried out in an objectiv e, timely, transparent and non-
discriminatory manner. The current state of a llocated frequency bands will be made publicly 
available, but detailed identification of frequencies allocated for specific government uses is not required. 
  
  TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1
 Page 37Annex II 
 
LIECHTENSTEIN - FINAL  LIST OF ARTICLE II (MFN) EXEMPTIONS 
 
Sector or subsector  Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II  Countries  Members  to 
which the measure applies  Intended duration  Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
 
Distribution services  To grant work permits, without certain 
limitati ons, to employees of establishments 
of enterprises of member countries of the 
Convention establishing the European Free 
Trade Association (EFTA), the 
establishment's activity being commerce in 
goods  Members of EFTA  Indefinite  Flanking measure to the provis ion on 
free trade in goods under the EFTA 
Agreement  
Audiovisual services To confer national treatment to audiovisual 
works covered by bi- or plurilateral 
agreements on co-production in the filed of 
audiovisual works, in particular in relation to access to funding and to distribution All countries with whom 
cultural co-operation may be 
desirable Indefinite Promotion of common cultural 
objectives 
 Measures granting the benefit of support 
programmes, such as MEDIA and 
EURIMAGES, and measures relating to the 
allocation of screenti me which implement 
arrangements such as the Council of Europe 
Convention on Transfrontier Television and 
confer national treatment, to audiovisual works and/or to suppliers of audiovisual 
services meeting speci fic European origin 
criteria 
 European countries Indefinite Promotion of cultural objectives 
based on long standing cultural links 
 Concessions for the operation of radio or 
television broadcast stations may be granted to persons of countries other than 
Liechtenstein All countries with whom 
cultural co-operation may be desirable Indefinite Promotion of common cultural 
objectives, and to regulate access to a market limited in scale in order to 
preserve diversity of supply 
Construction and 
related Engineering The right of commercial presence and the 
right of presence of natural persons is 
dependent on reciprocity for service 
providers from Liechtenstein All countries Indefinite To ensure adequate market access to 
services providers from 
Liechtenstein  
 TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1 
Page 38 Sector or subsector  Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II  Countries  Members  to 
which the measure applies  Intended duration  Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
 
 
Insurance services  To grant p ermit for establishment to 
insurance companies from countries other 
than Liechtenstein only to companies which 
are supervised by the Swiss insurance 
supervision authority  
 All countries  Indefinite  Measure to ensure supervision of 
foreign insurance companie s 
Banking and other 
financial services 
(excluding 
insurance)  To allow persons established in 
Switzerland, without requiring a 
commercial presence in Liechtenstein, to 
participate in settlement and clearing 
networks and to lead -manage Swiss franc 
denominat ed issues  
 Switzerland  Indefinite  Measures ensuing from the monetary 
union between Liechtenstein and 
Switzerland  
CRS and sales and 
marketing of air 
transport services  Measures based on Article  7 of the revised 
Code of Conduct of the  European Civil 
Aviati on Conference (ECAC), whereby the 
obligations of CRS system vendors or 
parent and participating air carriers shall not 
apply where equivalent treatment to that 
applied under the revised Code of Conduct 
is not accorded in the country of origin of 
the parent  carrier of the system vendor  
 All countries where a CRS 
system vendor or a parent air 
carrier is located  Indefinite  The need for the exemption results 
from the insufficient development of 
multilaterally agreed rules for the 
operation of CRS  
Road transport 
services (passenger 
and freight) To allow regulate , on the basis of mutual 
access to the market, transport services  of 
goods and/or passengers by vehicles 
registered in countries other than 
Liechtenstein to undertake transportation of 
goods and/or passeng ers in, into, out of, or 
in transit through Liechtenstein territory, 
normally based on bilateral agreements 
 All countries with whom 
bilateral agreements on road 
transport or other 
arrangements relating to road 
transport exist or may be 
desirable (at present approx. 
3045 countries) Exemption needed until 
multilateral liberalization of 
road transport services, 
taking into account regional 
specificity and environmental 
effects of road transport, will have been agreed upon To take into account regional 
specificity of the provision of road 
transport services and to protect the 
integrity of road infrastructure and 
environment  
  TN/S/O/LIE/Rev.1
 Page 39Sector or subsector  Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II  Countries  Members  to 
which the measure applies  Intended duration  Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
 
All sectors To mutually grant permits of temporary 
stay and permanent residency in the 
territory of the parties, without certain 
limitatio ns, to citizens of the parties of the 
agreements on temporary stay and 
permanent residency between Liechtenstein 
and Switzerland  
Measures based on bilateral agreements 
between Switzerland and Liechtenstein, 
with the objective of providing for the 
movement of all categories of natural 
persons supplying services.  Switzerland Indefinite Flanking measure to customs, 
monetary - and postal union between 
the Principality of Liechtenstein and 
Switzerland  
EElleemmeennttss  ooff  aa  ccoommpprreehheennssiivvee  sseett  ooff  
bbiillaatteerraall  aaggrreeeemmeennttss  bbeettwweeeenn  
SSwwiittzzeerrllaanndd  aanndd  LLiieecchhtteennsstteeiinn..  
 Preferential treatmen t accorded to nationals 
of countries other than Liechtenstein, 
belonging to traditional recruiting areas 
according to Liechtenstein legislation on 
immigration, when granting permits for 
entry, stay an d work in Liechtenstein  
(year round resident, short time resident, 
seasonal worker) to natural persons 
providing services other than essential 
persons as defined in the Liechtenstein 
schedule of specific commitments on trade 
in services (Part I:  horizonta l 
commitments)  
 EC and EFTA countries  Indefinite  To regulate immigration into 
Liechtenstein by measures based on 
long standing links with traditional 
recruiting areas  
 According to the Liechtenstein legislation 
the right of presence of natural persons in 
all sectors is dependent on reciprocity for services providers from Liechtenstein 
 All countries Indefinite To ensure adequate market access to 
services providers from 
Liechtenstein 
  
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