WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION   
WT/REG288/1 
29 June 2011 
 (11-3182) 
Committee on Regional Trade Agreements  
  
 
  
 
 
FACTUAL PRESENTATION 
 
Free Trade Agreement between  
Turkey and Serbia 
(Goods) 
 
Report by the Secretariat 
 
 
 
 This report, prepared for the considera tion of the Free Trade Agreement between 
Turkey and Serbia has been drawn up by the WTO Secretariat on its own responsibility and in full consultation with th e Parties.  The report has been drawn up 
in accordance with the rul es and procedures contained in the Decision for a 
Transparency Mechanism for Regiona l Trade Agreements (WT/L/671).  
 Any technical questions arising from this report may be addressed to Ana Cristina Molina (tel: +41 22 739 6060). 
 
 
 
  WT/REG288/1 
 Page iii 
 
 
  TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
  Page 
I.  TRADE ENVIRONMENT 1  
II.  CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT 5  
A.  BACKGROUND INFORMATION  5  
III.  PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS 7  
A.  IMPORT DUTIES AND CHARGES , AND QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS  7  
1.  General provisions 7  
2.  Liberalization schedule 8  
3.  Turkey's liberalization by product 11  
4.  Serbia's liberalization by product 12  
5.  Tariff-rate quotas 14  
B.  RULES OF ORIGIN  14  
C.  EXPORT DUTIES AND CHARGES , AND QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS  17  
D.  REGULATORY PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT  17  
1.  Standards 17  
(a)  Technical barriers to trade 17  
(b)  Sanitary and phytosanitary measures 18  
2.  Safeguard mechanisms 18  
(a)  General safeguards 18  
(b)  Bilateral safeguards 18  
(c)  Special safeguards 18  
(d)  Structural adjustment 19  
(e)  Balance of payments 19  
3.  Anti-dumping and countervailing measures 19  
4.  Competition policy, State aid and monopolies 19  
5.  Customs-related procedures 20  
6.  Other regulations 20  
(a)  Services and Investments 20  
IV.  GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT 20  
A.  ACCESSION AND TERMINATION  20  
B.  INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK  20  
C.  TRANSPARENCY  21  
D.  CURRENT PAYMENTS AND CAPITAL MOVEMENTS  21  
E.  DISPUTE SETTLEMENT  21  
F.  RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED BY THE PARTIES  22  
G.  GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT  23  
H.  INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS  23  
I.  EXCEPTIONS  23  
ANNEX I 24 
ANNEX II 27 
  WT/REG288/1 
 Page 1 
 
 
   
 
Key Facts 
 
 Parties to the Agreement: Turkey and Serbia  
 
 Date of Signature:  1 June 2009 
  Date of Entry into Force:  1 September 2010 
 
 Date of Notification:   10 August 2010 (goods)   
 
  
I. TRADE ENVIRONMENT 
1. The Free Trade Agreement (hereafter "the Agreem ent") between Turkey and Serbia aims at 
promoting economic co-operation between the Parties and enlarging the scope of their trade.  The 
Agreement covers goods only.  It is the 17
th regional trade agreement (RTA) notified by Turkey to the 
WTO and Serbia's fourth RTA.1   
2. Turkey and Serbia differ significantly in the si ze of their economies.  According to the World 
Bank's World Development Indicators, Turkey's GDP in 2009 was about US$614.6 billion, while 
Serbia's GDP amounted to US$42.9 billion.  In te rms of trade, Turkey exported US$102.1 billion in 
goods to the world and imported US$140.9 billion in th e same year.  In the case of Serbia, exports to 
and imports from the world amounted to US$8.3 billion and US$16.0 billion respectively. 
3. Trade flows between Turkey and Serbia are mod est and account for a small share in the trade 
portfolio of each Party.  Turkish exports to and imports from Serbia reached US$584.6 million and 
US$65.4 million in 2009.2  In that year, Serbia was Turkey's 25th largest trading partner in terms of 
exports, capturing 0.6% of its total exports.3  It was also Turkey's 63th largest import trading partner, 
accounting for 0.05% of its imports.  In the case of Serbia, Turkey accounted for 0.5% of its exports 
and for 1.8% of its imports.  Turkey ranked as Serbia's 12th and 7th largest export and import partner 
respectively.  For both countries the EU27 is their main trading partner.   
4. Regarding the Parties' trade dynamics, Turk ey's imports from and exports to the world 
expanded steadily between 2002 and 2008.  Betw een 2006 and 2008 imports grew by 44.7% to 
US$202.0 billion (see Charts I.1), while exports grew  by 54.3% to US$132.0 billion.  Over the same 
period, Serbia's exports to the world rose by 70.7% to US$11.0 billion (see Chart I.2).4  Its imports 
exhibited a similar pattern, increasing by 73.7% to US$22.9 billion.  As for trade between the 
two countries, exports from Turkey to Serbia more than doubled between 2006 and 2008, going from  
US$354.8 to US$737.4 million.  Serbia's exports to  Turkey however, have  remained relatively 
sluggish during this period, expanding by 17.0 % to US$45.3 million from US$38.8 million.  Both 
exports and imports from/to Serbia and Turkey declined in 2009, most likely as a result of the global 
economic crisis which saw its trough that year.  As for their trade balance, both countries maintain a 
                                                      
1 Source:  WTO Regional Trade Agreements Database, 
http://rtais.wto.org/UI/Pu blicMaintainRTAHome.aspx . 
2 Trade flows involving Serbia include those of Kosovo in the UN Comtrade database.   
3 For the rankings calculation, the EU27  is considered as a single country.  
4 Data for Serbia exist only from 2006 onwards, which is the year when Serbia and Montenegro 
decided to declare their independence.  WT/REG288/1 
Page 2  
 
  global trade deficit, while at the bilateral level Turk ey has a trade surplus with  Serbia.  This surplus 
increased up to 2008 before falling slightly in 2 009 due to a fall in its exports to Serbia. 
5. Chart I.3 shows Turkey and Serbia's trade struct ure by HS Sections for the period 2007-2009.  
Bilateral trade between the Parties is relatively concentrated among a few industries and there are 
complementarities in their trade structure.  More than  half of Serbian products sold to Turkey (57.7%) 
come from two industries, namely metals  and plastics .  Indeed, metals  are Serbia's main exports to the 
world (24% of total exports) and to Turkey (25%).  Metals  also represent Turkey's third largest import 
accounting for 15% of its global imports, while Serbia's main imports from Turkey included textiles  
(24.7%), machinery  (16.5 %), metals  (13.2 %) and vehicles  (10.1%).  Imports in these sectors together 
accounted for 41% of Serbia's global imports and co rresponded also to Turkey's main exports, namely 
textiles  (19.1%), metals  (16.1%), vehicles  (15.8%) and machinery  (14.4%).  WT/REG288/1 
 Page 3 
 
 
  0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0
050100150200250
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009US$billion US$billionChart I.1 - Turkey: Merchandise im ports from and exports to the 
world and Serbia, 2000-2009
Note: No data for Serbia prior to 2006.
Source : UNSD, Comtrade database.Imports from Serbia
Exports to SerbiaTotal imports
Total exportsLeft hand scale: Right hand scale:
 
 
 
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0
051015202530
2006 2007 2008 2009US$billion US$billionChart I.2 - Serbia: Merchandise imports from and exports to the 
world and Turkey, 2006-2009
Note: No data for Serbia prior to 2006.
Source : UNSD, Comtrade database.Imports from Turkey
Exports to TurkeyTotal imports
Total exportsLeft hand scale: Right hand scale:
 WT/REG288/1 
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  WT/REG288/1 
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  II. CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT 
A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION  
6. The Agreement was signed by Turkey and Serbia  on 1 June 2009.  It covers goods only and 
entered into force on 1 September 2010. 
7. The Agreement was notified to the WTO by Tu rkey on the behalf of the two Parties on 
9 August, 2010 under Article XXIV of the GATT 19 94 and the Understanding on the Interpretation of 
Article XXIV of GATT 1994 (WT/REG285/N/1).  Th e text of the Agreement, along with its 
schedules, annexes and protocols is  available on the website of:  
 Turkey's Undersecretariat of the Prime Ministry for Foreign Trade:   
http://www.dtm.gov.tr /dtmweb/index.cfm?action=detayrk& yayinID=2632&icerikID=2810&dil=EN  
 
 Serbia's Ministry of Finance (Customs Administration)5: 
http://www.upravacarina.rs/en/Informations /Pages/InternationalAgreements.aspx  
 
8. The Agreement consists of 38 articles orga nized in four chapters, two protocols and 
two annexes as described in Box II.1.  Additionally each  protocol contains a set of annexes, seven in 
total.  Annexes and Protocols are considered  as an integral part of the Agreement. 
9. The Parties agree to gradually establish a bilateral free trade area over a maximum period of 
six years from the entry into force of the Agreement (A rticle 1).  All duties will be abolished by 2015.  
                                                      
5 The text of the Agreement in Serbian can also be found on the website of the National Assembly of 
Serbia:  http://www.parlament.gov.rs/akti/don eti-zakoni/doneti-zakoni.1033.html . WT/REG288/1 
Page 6  
 
  Box II.1 Structure of the Agreement  
Article 1 Objectives 
Article 2 Basic Duties 
 Chapter I: Industrial products 
Article 3  Scope  
Article 4 Customs duties on imports and charges having equivalent effect  
Article 5 Fiscal duties 
Article 6  Customs duties on exports and charges having equivalent effect 
Article 7 Quantitative restrictions on imports and measures having equivalent effect 
Article 8  Quantitative restrictions on exports and measures having equivalent effect 
Article 9 Technical barriers to trade  
 Chapter II: Agricultural and fishery products 
Article 10 Scope 
Article 11 Exchange of concessions 
Article 12 Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures 
Article 13 Specific safeguards 
 Chapter III: Services and investments 
Article 14 (no title) 
 Chapter IV: Common provisions  
Article 15 Internal taxation  
Article 16 Customs Unions, Free Trade Areas and Cross-Border Arrangements  
Article 17 Structural adjustment 
Article 18  Dumping and subsidies 
Article 19  General safeguards 
Article 20 Re-export and serious shortage 
Article 21 State monopolies 
Article 22 Notifications and consultations pr ocedure for the application of measures 
Article 23 Rules of origin and co-operation between the customs administration  
Article 24 Payments 
Article 25 Rules of competition concerning undertakings and State aid  
Article 26 Balance of payments difficulties 
Article 27 Intellectual and industrial property 
Article 28 Public procurement  
Article 29 Establishment of the Joint Committee 
Article 30 Procedures of the Joint Committee 
Article 31 Security exceptions 
Article 32 General exceptions 
Article 33 Fulfilment of obligations  
Article 34 Evolutionary Clause 
Article 35 Amendments 
Article 36 Protocols and annexes 
Article 37 Validity and withdrawal 
Article 38 Entry into force  
  
Protocol I Referred to in Article 11 (includes 2 Annexes:  I and II)  
 Protocol applies to agricultural and fishery products  
Protocol II Concerning the definition of the concept of "Originating products" and methods of 
administrative co-operation (includes 5 Annexes:  I, II, III, IV, V)) 
  
Annex I List of products referred to in Articles 3 and 10 of the Agreement  
  
Annex II Products referred to in Article 4 of the Agreement 
 List A 
 List B 
 List C 
Source:  Free Trade Agreement between Turkey and Serbia.   WT/REG288/1 
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  III. PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS 
A. IMPORT DUTIES AND CHARGES , AND QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS  
1. General provisions 
10. The Harmonized System (HS) nomenclature is th e goods classification applied by the Parties. 
Chapter 1 (Articles 3 to 9) of the Agreement covers  industrial products, while chapter 2 (Article 10 to 
13) covers agricultural and fishery products.  The th ird chapter includes only one article and refers to 
services and investments.  The last chapter lays  out the common provisions of the Agreement. 
Agricultural and fishery products (hereafter referr ed as agricultural products) in the Agreement are 
defined as in the WTO agreement on Agriculture, that  is products falling in chapters 1 to 24 of the 
harmonized product classification as well as those listed  in Annex I (Article 10) .  Products in Annex I 
include chemicals, oils, textiles, leather and skins.  Industrial products are products listed in chapters 
25 to 97, except for those in Annex I (Article 3).  
11. The basic duty on which tariff reductions foreseen  by the Agreement are based is the applied 
erga omnes  duty in force in each Party on the day the Ag reement entered into force.  Following this 
date, any tariff reduction is applied erga omnes , especially if it results from WTO negotiations, the 
accession of Serbia to the WTO or from reductions after Serbia's accession to the WTO.  The new 
reduced tariffs will replace the previous basic duty.  Serbia and Turkey must inform each other of 
their basic duty and any changes (Article 2).   
12. Customs duties and charges having equivalent e ffect to customs duties are defined in the 
Agreement as any duty or charge (including any surt ax or surcharge) imposed in connection with the 
import or export of a good (Article 4).  This exclud es (i) charges equivalent to an internal tax, 
imposed consistently with the provisions of Ar ticle III.2 of the GATT 1994, (ii) antidumping or 
countervailing measures and (iii) fees or charges comme nsurate with the costs of services rendered.   
Table III.1 
Turkey-Serbia:  Liberalization Schedule  
  Agricultural and fishery products 
(HS chapters 1 to 24 and products included in Annex 1) Industrial products 
(HS chapters 25 to 97 except for products in Annex 1) 
Turkey Exchange of concessions take the form of  
Tariff-rate quotas and are specified in  
Annex II of this Factual Presentation Immediate liberalization 
Serbia Exchange of concessions take the form of  
Tariff-rate quotas and are specified in  
Annex II of this Factual Presentation. Immediate liberalization except for products in lists A, B 
and C in Annex II.  For products in these lists, 
liberalization will take place over six years (i.e. by 2015). 
 
Source:  WTO Secretariat, based on the Agreement. 
 
13. For industrial products in HS Chapters 25 to 97,  customs duties on imports into Turkey of 
goods originating in Serbia will be eliminated  upon the entry into force of the Agreement 
(Table III.1).  Serbia, on the other hand, will el iminate customs duties on imports originating in 
Turkey except for goods in lists A, B and C in Anne x II.  Products in these lists will be progressively 
liberalized according to the timetable provided in each  list.  Import duties on products in list A will be 
eliminated over three years from 1 January 2010 to 1 January 2012.  Products in  lists B and C will be 
liberalized over five and six years (i.e. no duties should remain after 1 January 2014 and  2015) 
respectively.  Tariff liberalization will be completed by 2015.  As for agricultural products, the Parties 
agree to grant each other concessions in the form of tariff-rate quotas (TRQs).  Annex II of this Factual Presentation lists the products subject to a tariff-rate quota. 
 WT/REG288/1 
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  14. Under Article 34, Serbia or Turkey can request  the other Party to extend the Agreement to 
other fields if they consider it could benefit th eir economies.  The Joint Committee can examine the 
request from the Parties and, where appropriate, make recommendations.  Any resulting agreement 
will be subject to ratification by the Parties accord ing to their national legislation.  Article 11 also 
states that in the case of agricultural products the Parties must analyse the possibilities for further 
liberalization in the Joint Committee.  
15. Turkey and Serbia further agree to eliminat e upon the Agreement's entry into force any 
(i) duties of fiscal nature (Article 5) as well as any (ii) quantitative restrictions on imports and 
measures having an equivalent effect  (Article 7).   They also agree to not introduce any new customs 
duties or quantitative restrictions (or charges or measures having equivalent effect) on imports from 
the date of the Agreement's implementation.   
2. Liberalization schedule  
16. Tariff liberalization for both Parties is detailed in Tables III.2A and III.2B.  In 2010, Turkey's 
tariff schedule consisted of 16,672 tariff lines at the HS 12-digit level, among which 23.4% 
(i.e. 3,902 tariff lines) were already duty free (on a MFN basis).
6  In terms of trade, duty free lines 
accounted on average for 42.2% of Turkey's imports from Serbia between 2007 and 2009.  With the 
entry into force of the Agreement,  Turkey liberalized 10,043 additional products (i.e. 60.2 % of the 
total) which represented on average 43.7% of tota l imports from Serbia.  Among these lines, 66% had 
an MFN tariff lower than 10% (Chart III.1).  By the end of implementation, in 2010, 2,727 lines 
(16.4% of the tariffs) accounting for 14.1% of impor ts from Serbia will remain dutiable.  Around half 
of these products will exhibit a tariff higher than 50% (Chart III.1).  
Table III.2A Tariff elimination commitments under the Agreement and corresponding average trade (Turkey) 
Duty phase-out period Number of lines % of total lines in 
Turkey's tariff 
schedule Value of Turkey's 
imports from Serbia 
(2007-2009) 
in million US$ % of Turkey's total 
imports from  
Serbia 
2007-2009 
MFN duty free (2010) 3,902 23.4 26.5 42.2 
2010 10,043 60.2 27.4 43.7 
Remain dutiable 2,727 16.4 8.9 14.1 
Total 16,672 100.0 62.8 100.0 
 
Note: Tariff lines subject to in-quota rates are excluded in the computation. 
Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature (12-digit). 
 
Source :  WTO estimates based on data provided by Turkey.  
                                                      
6 Of these 256 lines (1.5% of the tariff lines) are subject to non- ad valorem  rates of duty including 
specific rates (22), compound (156), mixed (15) and ot hers (63).  For tariff lines with compound and mixed 
rates, the Secretariat has used the ad valorem  part of the line in its calculations.  WT/REG288/1 
 Page 9 
 
 
  0 3,000 6,000 9,000 12,000 15,000 18,000Before entry into force 2010Chart III.1
Turkey's duty elimination under the Agreement
Source :  WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by Turkey.Number of tariff lines
Duty-free <10% <20% <30% MFN is: <50% Non ad valorem duty >50% <40%
 
 
17. Serbia's tariff schedule consisted of 9,975 product lines (HS 10-digit), of which only 1.1% 
were duty free in 2010.7  Following the Agreement's implementation in September 2010, tariffs are to 
be progressively liberalized over 6 years.  The bulk of tariff lines were liberalized when the 
Agreement entered into force in 2010, with 4, 768 product lines becoming duty free.  These products 
accounted on average for 43% of total imports from Turkey during the 2007-2009 period.  Between 
2012 and 2015, 2,676 additional lines, accounting on average for 47.4% of imports from Turkey and 
for 26.8% of the total number of tariff lines, wi ll be exempted from duties.  At the end of 
implementation 24.3% of the tariff lines, corresponding on average to 9.2% of Serbia's imports from 
Turkey in 2007-09 will remain subject to duty.   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                      
7 Of the total, 95.8% of the tariff is subject to ad valorem  rates of duty.  Of the 414 tariff lines carrying 
non-ad valorem  rates of duty, the majority, 391 have compound rates, while one line has mixed duties and 
22 lines are subject to other duties.  For the lines with compound and mixed duties, th e Secretariat has used only 
the ad valorem part  of the tariff in its calculations. WT/REG288/1 
Page 10  
 
  Table III.2B:  Tariff elimination commitments under th e Agreement and corresponding average trade (Serbia) 
Duty phase-out period Number of lines % of total lines in 
Serbia's tariff 
schedule Value of Serbia's 
imports from Turkey  
(2007-2009) 
in million Euros % of Serbia's total 
imports from Turkey 
2007-2009 
Applied duty free 
(2010) 110 1.1 1.3 0.4 
2010 4,768 47.8 140.7 43.0 
2012 733 7.3 27.9 8.5 
2014 1,317 13.2 66.6 20.4 
2015 626 6.3 60.6 18.5 
Remain dutiable 2,421 24.3 30.1 9.2 
Total 9,975 100.0 327.1 a 100.0 
 
a Value of imports excludes tariff lines beyond HS chapter 97. 
 Note:  Based on HS 2007 nomenclature (10-digit ). 
 
Source :  WTO estimates based on data provided by Serbia. 
 
18. Chart III.2 shows that prior to the entry into for ce of the Agreement most of the tariffs applied 
by Serbia were lower than 10%.  By the end of 2015, 40% of the remaining dutiable lines will exhibit 
a tariff lower than 10%, and 40% will show tariffs between 10% a nd 30%.  The remaining lines will 
be subject to non- ad valorem  duties.  
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000Before
entry into
force 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Chart III.2
Serbia's tariff reduction und er the Agreement, by duty rangeYear (Phase-out)   
Source: WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by Serbia.Number of tariffs lines 
Duty-free <10% <20% <30% Applied rate is: non ad valorem duty
 
 
  WT/REG288/1 
 Page 11 
 
 
  3. Turkey's liberalization by product 
19. Table III.3 presents Turkey's tariff liberalization by HS Section of the product classification.  
With no liberalization in Sections I-IV8, as of 2011, the majority of dutiable tariff lines belong to the 
agricultural sector.  In total there are 2,727 dutiable tariff lines, of which 72 tariffs lines or 2.6% are 
non-agricultural goods.9  Agricultural products where a tariff will remain include prepared foods 
(Section IV), live animals and animal products (Sec tion I), vegetables (Section II), and fats and oils 
(Section III).  Live animals and anim al products together with prepared food exhibit the highest final 
average tariff: 89% and 51% respectively, while ch emical products show the lowest final average 
tariff (7.8%).  
Table III.3: Tariff elimination under th e Agreement, by HS section (Turkey) 
HS section and description  MFN 
average%  Total  
No of lines  MFN 2010  Number of 
duty-free linesRemain 
Dutiable Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable) a 2010
I Live animals and animal products 79.8 892 90  802 88.8 
II Vegetable products 29.0 776 80  696 32.4 
III Animal or vegetable fats and oils 22.4 198 31  167 26.6 
IV Prepared foods etc. 47.2 1,067 77  990 50.9 
V Minerals 1.2 423 254 169   
VI Chemicals and chemical products 4.6 3,046 640 2,334 72 7.8 
VII Plastics and rubber 4.1 483 116 367   
VIII Hides and skins 3.0 222 60 162   
IX Wood and articles 2.0 323 175 148   
X Pulp, paper etc. 0.0 442 442    
XI Textiles and textiles artic les 7.9 2,341 91 2,250   
XII Footwear, headgear 7.3 156 3 153   
XIII Articles of stone 3.8 437 54 383   
XIV Precious stones, etc. 1.0 104 73 31   
XV Base metals and base metals 
products 4.3 1,906 634 1,272   
XVI Machinery 2.1 2,409 725 1,684   
XVII Transport equipment 5.0 468 56 412   
XVIII Precision equipment 2.2 589 211 378   
XIX Arms and ammunition 2.3 33 5 28   
XX Misc. manufactured articles 2.6 343 71 272   
XXI Works of art, etc. 0.0 14 14    
Total 12.3 16,672 3,902 10,043 2,727 54.7 
 
a average of ad valorem  tariffs and ad valorem  component of non- ad valorem  duties. 
Note: For tariff lines subject to TRQs only the out-of-quota duty is included in the tariff-related calculations; for tariffs w ith non- ad 
valorem  components, only the ad valorem  part of the rate was included in the calculation of the tariff averages. 
 Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates based on data provided by Turkey. 
 
20. Chart III.3 exhibits the average MFN duty a nd preferential tariff by chapter once the 
Agreement is fully implemented.  Turkey will c ontinue to apply tariffs in Chapters 1 to 2410 and in 
four out of the eleven chapters related to chem icals industries (i.e. Chapters 29, 33, 35 and 38).11  
Moreover, the data shows that for these categor ies of products the current average MFN and 
preferential duties will be identical. 
 
                                                      
8 Sections I to IV correspond to chapters 1 to 24, which refer to agricultural products. 
9 These refer to chemical products excluding those listed in Annex I to the Agreement. 
10 Except for Chapter 14 (i.e. vegetable plaiting ma terials and vegetable products) which was already 
exempted from duties. 
11 Chapter 29 refers to organic chemicals, chapter 33 to essential oils and resinoids, chapter 35 to 
albuminoidal substances and chapter 38 to miscellaneous chemical products. WT/REG288/1 
Page 12  
 
  020406080100120140
01
02030405060708
09
1011121315161718192021222324020406080100120140
29
333538Chart III.3
Turkey: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter
HS  01-24 HS 25-97Average rate of duty (%)  
Average rate of duty (%)  
HS Chapter HS Chapter
MFN Preferential
Note: For tariff lines subject to TRQs only the out-of-quota duty is included in the tariff-related calculations; for tariffs w ith non 
ad valorem components, only the ad valorem part of the rate was included in the calculation of the tariff averages. 
Source :  WTO Secretariat estimates based on data provided by Turkey. 
 
 4. Serbia's liberalization by product   
21. Serbia's tariff liberalization by HS Section is  given in Table III.4.  By 2015, there will be 
2,421 tariff lines that will remain dutiable.  The bulk of these lines are in agriculture (Sections I-IV).  
Other categories where tariffs will still apply afte r the full implementation of the Agreement are 
chemicals (Section VI), hides and skins (VIII) and to a lower extent textiles (Section XI).  The Section 
exhibiting the highest average preferential tariff is  prepared foods (i.e. 21.5%), followed by live 
animals and animal products. 
Table III.4: Tariff elimination under th e Agreement, by HS section (Serbia) 
HS section  Applied 
rate 
avg.%  Total 
No of 
lines  Number of duty-free lines
Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable)  Applied 
rate 
2010  2010 2012 2014 2015 
I Live animals and animal 
products 17.0 818 2     816 17.1 a 
II Vegetable products 13.2 563      563 13.2 a 
III Animal or vegetable fats 
and oils 6.8 123      123 6.8 a 
IV Prepared foods etc. 21.5 827      827 21.5 a 
V Minerals 1.8 241 11 201 29     
Table III.4 (Cont'd) WT/REG288/1 
 Page 13 
 
 
  HS section  Applied 
rate 
avg.%  Total 
No of 
lines  Number of duty-free lines
Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff 
(Dutiable)  Applied 
rate 
2010  2010 2012 2014 2015 
VI Chemicals and chemical 
products 2.8 1,216 13 899 146 65 28 65 1.9 
VII Plastics and rubber 5.4 314  139 71 83 21   
VIII Hides and skins 6.6 152  62 3 37 26 24 1.0 
IX Wood and articles 3.5 227  168 18 28 13   
X Pulp, paper etc. 4.7 221  128 42 17 34   
XI Textiles and textiles 
articles 12.3 1,174 38 1,133    3 1.0 
XII Footwear, headgear 14.3 111   25 36 50   
XIII Articles of stone 9.4 266  56 59 90 61   
XIV Precious stones, etc. 9.7 63  7 47 3 6   
XV Base metals and base 
metals products 4.8 1,047 34 556 98 241 118   
XVI Machinery 5.4 1,669 1 927 129 461 151   
XVII Transport equipment 5.5 337 11 177 22 82 45   
XVIII Precision equipment 2.7 352  309 6 37    
XIX Arms and ammunition 24.1 27     27   
XX Misc. manufactured 
articles 9.6 220  6 38 130 46   
XXI Works of art, etc. 5.0 7    7    
Total 8.7 9,975 110 4,768 733 1,317 626 2,421 16.6 
 
a Combination of ad valorem  and non- ad valorem  duties 
 
Note For tariff lines subject to TRQs only  the out-of-quota duty is included in the tariff-related calculations;  for tariffs w ith 
non-ad valorem  components, only the ad valorem  part of the rate was included in th e calculation of the tariff averages.   
Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source:  WTO estimates based on data provided by Serbia. 
 
22. More precisely, Chart III.4 shows that tariffs will continue to apply in all agricultural chapters 
(chapters 1 to 24); skins, hides and leather (chapter 41) ;  fur skins (chapter 43) and silk (chapter 50) as 
well as in four chemicals chapters (chapters 29, 33, 35 and 38).  The chart also compares the average 
overall applied and preferential rates by chapter at the end of 2015.  The average preferential tariff 
equals the current average applied rate.  For agri cultural products the average tariff will range from 
1.7% (Chapter 1412) to 29.9% (Chapter 2213), while for industrial goods the range will be 1% 
(Chapters 29, 33, 41, 43, 50) to 3% (Chapter 35).14   
                                                      
12 Which corresponds to vegetable plaiting materials and vegetable products not elsewhere specified or 
included. 
13 Which corresponds to beverages, spirits and vinegar. 
14 Chapter 29 refers to organic chemicals, chapter 33  to essential oils, perfumery and cosmetic, chapter 
41 to skins, hides and leather, chapter 43 to fur skin s and artificial fur, and chapter 50 to silk.  Finally, 
chapter 35 refers to albuminoidal substances. WT/REG288/1 
Page 14  
 
  05101520253035
01
02
03
0405
06
0708
09
10
11
1213
14
1516
17
1819
20
2122
23
2405101520253035
29
33
35
3841
43
50Chart III.4
Serbia: Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter
HS  01-24 HS 25-97Average rate of duty (%)  
Average rate of duty (%)  
HS Chapter HS Chapter
Applied  Preferential
Note: For tariff lines subject to TRQs only the out-of-quota duty is included in the tariff-related calculations; for tariffs w ith non 
ad valorem components, only the ad valorem part of the rate was included in the calculation of the tariff averages.
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by Serbia. 
 
 
5. Tariff-rate quotas 
23. The Parties did not apply any tariff-rate quotas to products originating in the other Party prior 
to the Agreement.  However, as part of their co mmitments, they agreed to grant each other tariff 
concessions in the form of a tariff-rate quota for certa in agricultural products.  Protocol I (referred to 
in Article 11) and its two Annexes contai n the concessions granted by the Parties. 
24. Annex I to Protocol I lists the products a nd quota quantities for which Serbia grants a 
preferential customs duty to Turkey.  Concessions (or preferential margins) range from a 25% to 
100% reduction of the applied duty.  In the case of certain products like  cut flowers or tomatoes a 
seasonal duty will continue to appl y but only during the "season".  
25. In Annex II to Protocol I, Turkey lists the products and the quota quantities, as well as the 
in-quota preferential tariffs that will apply to impor ts originating in Serbia.  The concessions consist 
of a 50% to 100% reduction of the MFN dut y and a preferential duty of 5% and 20%.   Details are 
available in Annex II below.  
B. RULES OF ORIGIN  
26. Article 23 refers to the rules of  origin applicable under this Ag reement and related methods of 
administrative co-operation.  Rules of origin a nd their application are defined in Protocol II.  WT/REG288/1 
 Page 15 
 
 
  27. Products are considered to be originating in Turk ey or Serbia if they are wholly obtained in 
Turkey or Serbia respectively15;  or if they are obtained in Turkey or Serbia incorporating materials 
which have not been wholly obtained there, provi ded that such materials have undergone sufficient 
working or processing in Turkey or Serbia respec tively (Article 2 of Protocol II).  Annex II to 
Protocol II lists the working and processing operati ons required to be carried out on non-originating 
materials in order that the product manufactured can obtain originating status.   If a product acquires 
originating status by fulfilling conditions in the list,  the conditions applicable to the product in which 
it is incorporated do not apply to it,  and no account shall be taken of the non-originating materials 
which may have been used in its manufacture.   Notwithstanding these conditions, non-originating 
materials which are not to be used in the manufacture of a product according to these conditions, may 
be used provided that their total value does not exceed  10% of the ex-works price of the product;  and 
that any of the percentages listed for the maxi mum value of non-originating materials are not 
exceeded.   This exception to the conditions does not apply to products in HS Chapters 50-63 
(Article 6 of Protocol II).  Sets of products will be  considered as originating if all of the components 
are originating.  In the case of sets containing bo th originating and non-originating products, the set 
will be originating if the value of non-originating products does not exceed 15% of the ex-works price 
of the set (Article 10 of Protocol II).  Finally, the Agreement considers energy and fuel, plant and 
equipment, machines and tools, and goods that are not intended to enter into final composition of the product, as neutral products: origin for these goods do es not need to be established (Article 11 of 
Protocol II).   
28. Article 7 of Protocol II lists operations that are considered insufficient working or processing 
to grant originating status.  These operations in clude packaging, assembly , disassembly and quality 
preserving operations as well as operations that cha nge the image of a product such as washing, 
cleaning, painting, ironing of textiles, polishing, pee ling of fruits and printing marks.  Such operations 
must be considered together when determini ng whether the working or processing undergone by a 
product is to be regarded as insufficient. 
29. The Agreement allows for diagonal cumu lation between Turkey, Serbia or any 
country/territory participating in the EU's Stabiliz ation and Association process or incorporating 
materials originating in the EU to which the Deci sion no.1/95 of the EC-Turkey Association Council 
of 22 December 1995 applies, provided that the wo rking or processing carried out in the Parties goes 
beyond the operations referred to in Article 7 of Protoc ol II.  If this is not the case (i.e. transformation 
is insufficient) the product is considered as origina ting in the Parties only if the value of the product 
added in the Parties is greater th an the value of the materials used and originating in any of the 
countries covered by the cumulation system.  Otherwise,  the product is considered to be originating in 
the country with the highest value of originating materials used in the good's production.  Products 
originating in one of the non-parties mentione d above, which do not undergo any working or 
processing in the Parties retain their origin if exported to one of these non-parties.  
30. Cumulation applies only if (i) there is a preferential trade agreement in line with 
Article XXIV of the GATT between the countries or  territories involved in the acquisition of the 
originating status and country of destination;  ( ii) materials and products have acquired originating 
                                                      
15 Article 5 of Protocol II lists the products that are considered as wholly obtained in Turkey or Serbia.  
These products are:  mineral products extracted from their soil or from their seabed;  vegetable products 
harvested there;  live animals born an d raised there as well as the resulting products;  products obtained by 
hunting or fishing there;  products of sea fishing and other products taken from the sea outside the territorial waters of the Parties by their vessels, as well as  produc ts made aboard their factory ships exclusively from such 
products;  used articles corrected there fit only for the recovery of raw materi als, including used tyres fit only for 
retreading or for use as waste;  waste and scrap resu lting from manufacturing operations conducted there;  
products extracted from marine soil or subsoil outside thei r territorial waters provided that they have sole rights 
to work that soil or subsoil;  and goods produced there exclusively from the products mentioned above. WT/REG288/1 
Page 16  
 
  status by the application of rules of origin that  are identical to those in the Agreement;  and 
(iii) notices indicating the fulfilment of the necessa ry requirements to apply cumulation have been 
published in the Official Gazette of Turkey and in Serbia according to its procedures.
16  The Parties 
should exchange information on the Agreements with other countries covered by the cumulation 
system, including the corresponding rules of origin.  Ten tariff lines (Annex V of Protocol II) are 
excluded from cumulation.  These tariff lines fall in Chapters 17-19, 21 and 33.   
31. In accordance with the principle of territorialit y (Article 12 of Protocol II) the conditions for 
acquiring originating status must be fulfilled with out interruption in Turkey or Serbia.  Goods 
originating in the Parties that are re-imported from a non-party can be considered as originating if it is 
proved to the customs authorities that they are the same as the goods that were  exported and have not 
undergone any operation beyond that necessary to pr eserve them in good condition while in that 
country or while being exported.  The originating st atus will not be affected for materials that were 
exported by the Parties and subject to working or processing outside the Parties before being reimported.  This applies to all goods, except fo r those in HS Chapters 50-63, as long as (i) the 
materials are wholly obtained in the Parties or ha ve undergone sufficient tr ansformation before being 
exported;  and (ii) it can be demonstrated that th e reimported goods have been obtained by working or 
processing the exported materials;  and that the tota l value added acquired outside the Parties does not 
exceed 10% of the ex-works price of the final product for which originating status is being claimed.  
32. Article 13 of Protocol II (principle of direct transport) states that the preferential treatment 
applies only to products, satisfying the requirements of Protocol II, which are transported directly 
between Turkey and Serbia or th rough the territories of non-parties benefitting from cumulation.  
However, transport involving trans-shipment or te mporary warehousing in third countries is allowed 
in the case of products constituting one single consig nment, provided that these products remain under 
the surveillance of the customs authorities in the country of transit or wa rehousing and do not undergo 
operations other than unl oading, reloading or any operation de signed to preserve them in good 
condition.  Originating products ma y be transported by pipeline across the territories of third parties.  
33. Originating products that are used for exhibitions  in a third country and sold subsequently for 
import into the Parties or other countries or terr itories benefitting from cumulation may also acquire 
preferential status provided that the exporter dem onstrates that the products have been sent from a 
Party to the third country and consigned in that c ountry during the exhibition, have not been used for 
any other purpose;  and that they have been sold or  otherwise disposed by the exporter to a person in 
one of the Parties (Article 14 of Protocol II). 
34. Non-originating materials used in the manufactur e of products originating in the Parties or 
any of the other countries covered by the cumulation system are not subject to drawback or exemption 
from customs duties.  This applies to products obtained from the said materials when they are 
exported to the Parties, but not when they are re tained for home use (Article 15 of Protocol II).  
35. To prove their origin and to benefit from the Agreement when being imported into one of the 
Parties, products originating in Turkey or Serbia  must have a movement certificate EUR.1 or in 
certain cases an "invoice declaration".  A movement  certificate EUR.1 will be issued by the customs 
authorities of the exporting country following exporters' requests.  In exceptional cases it can be issued retroactively.  As for the invoice declarati on, it must describe the product in a manner that it 
can be properly identified (Article 16 of Prot ocol II).  The conditions for making an invoice 
declaration are set out in Article 22 of Protocol II.  An invoice declaration can be made by an 
approved exporter or by any exporter with a shipme nt consisting in origina ting products whose value 
                                                      
16 Cumulation under the Agreement will apply from the date indicated in the notice in the Official 
Journal of the EU.  In this regard, th e Parties shall provide each other with details of the preferential agreements, 
including their dates of entry into for ce and the corresponding rules of origin.  WT/REG288/1 
 Page 17 
 
 
  does not exceed €6,000.  The customs authorities can grant the status of approved exporter to any 
frequent exporter, regardless of its size, and acco rding to conditions they  consider appropriate.17  They 
can also withdraw the authorization at any time.  Products listed in Article 27 of the Protocol II are 
exempted from the proof of origin requirement.  
36. The Parties agree to provide mutual assi stance through their competent customs 
administrations in checking the authenticity of  the movement certificates EUR.1 or invoice 
declarations and verifying the information provi ded.  The customs authorities of the importing 
country can carry out random verifications of proof  of origin or whenever they have reasonable 
doubts about the authenticity of the origin of th e imported products or other requirements.  For 
verification purposes, they will return the proof of  origin to the customs authorities of the exporting 
country.  The latter will be responsible for the veri fication of the proof of origin and investigation 
process.  The verification result is to be given as soon as possible to the customs authorities requesting 
it and must indicate clearly whether the documents are authentic and whether the originating status 
applies.  If there is no response after ten mont hs following the verification request or if the 
information in the response is insufficient to determ ine the authenticity of the document or the origin 
of the products, the requesting customs authorities will refuse entitlement to preferences, except in 
exceptional circumstances (Article 33 of Protocol II).  Any dispute resulting from the verification 
procedures which cannot be resolved between the cust oms authorities of the Parties is to be submitted 
to the Joint Committee.  The legislation of the im porting country will rule on any dispute between the 
importer and the customs authorities of the importing country.   
37. Those who, in order to obtain preferential treatment for a good, provide documents that 
contain incorrect information are subject to penalti es under the Agreement (Article 35 of Protocol II). 
C. EXPORT DUTIES AND CHARGES , AND QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS  
38. Following the implementation of the Agreem ent, all customs duties and quantitative 
restrictions on exports, as well as any charges or measures having an equivalent effect are to be 
eliminated between the Parties (Article 6 and 8).   
39. The Parties agree that no new customs duties or quantitative restrictions (or charges or 
measures having equivalent effect) on exports will be introduced in tr ade between the Parties from the 
date of implementation of the Ag reement (Article 6 and 8).   
40. On internal taxation, Article 15 specifies that products exported to Serbia or Turkey may not 
benefit from repayment of internal indirect tax for the amount exceeding the indirect tax already 
imposed on them.  
D. REGULATORY PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT  
1. Standards 
(a) Technical barriers to trade 
41. According to Article 9 the rights and obligations  of Turkey and Serbia regarding standards, 
technical regulations and related measures will be governed by the WTO Agreement on Technical 
                                                      
17 In the case of Turkey, the criteria required to obtain a status of approved exporter are described in the 
Customs Communiqué (Serial No:  7) on International Ag reements published in the Turkish Official Gazette 
No. 26843 on 10.04.2008.  In the case of Serbia, such criteria are provided by the Internal Act of Customs 
Administration.  The latter also describes the procedures for the revocation of the status of approved exporter.  WT/REG288/1 
Page 18  
 
  Barriers to Trade.  The Parties are also obliged to provide any information requested by the other 
Party, concerning individual cases of standards, technical regulations and applied measures.   
42. With the purpose of eliminating technical barrier s to trade, Turkey and Serbia will negotiate 
where appropriate the conclusion of a mutual  recognition agreement (MRA) for compliance 
assessments.  As of May 2011, no MRA had been concluded by the Parties. 
(b) Sanitary and phytosanitary measures 
43. The Parties agree to apply their regulations on sanitary and phytosanitary measures according 
to the provisions of the GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on Application of Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary Measures.  They also  agree not to use such regulations  in an arbitrar y or unjustifiable 
manner to disguise discrimination and restrict trade (Article 12).    
2. Safeguard mechanisms 
(a) General safeguards 
44. The Parties can apply safeguard actions accord ing to the provisions in Article XIX of 
GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards (Article 19). 
(b) Bilateral safeguards  
45. If the elimination of customs duties, quantitative restrictions, or any other measures having an 
equivalent effect on exports requi red by the Agreement (i.e. compliance with Articles 6 and 8 of the 
Agreement) lead to major difficulties in the ex porting Party, the latter can take measures in 
accordance with the procedures describ ed in Article 22 of the Agreement.  Such difficulties can arise 
if the abolition of export duties and other restrictions r esults in (i) a serious product shortage or (ii) re-
exports towards a third country that does not benef it from any preferential treatment (Article 20).  
46. Under Article 22, Turkey and Serbia agree to try to resolve any mutual differences through 
direct consultations and inform the other Party be fore applying any safeguard measure.  If a Party is 
considering applying any measure it should notify the Joint Committee in order to find a solution 
acceptable to both Parties.  If within 30 working da ys, the Party in question fails to resolve the 
difficulties arising from compliance with Articles 6 and 8 and in the absence of a decision of the Joint 
Committee regarding the issue, the concerned Part y can adopt the necessary measures to rectify the 
situation.  The measures should be notified immediately to the Joint Committee.         
47. The resulting measures should be limited in thei r duration and scope to what is necessary to 
redress the situation.  Moreover the measures should be proportional (i.e. not in excess) to the damage 
caused by the practice in question.  The Parties should favour measures with the least disturbing 
effects on the functioning of the Agreement.  
48. The Joint Committee must hold regular consu ltations regarding such measures to assess 
whether they can be relaxed or abolished in case the conditions no longer justify their maintenance.   
(c) Special safeguards 
49. If following the Agreement's implementation, the concessions granted to agricultural products 
induce severe disruptions to the market environmen t or its domestic functioning in the other Party, 
both Serbia and Turkey agree to enter into cons ultations immediately to find a suitable solution 
(Article 13).  While waiting for a solution, the Pa rty concerned can take the measures it considers  WT/REG288/1 
 Page 19 
 
 
  necessary in accordance with Article XIX of GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards 
(Article 22). 
(d) Structural adjustment 
50. The Agreement permits, for a limi ted duration and on an exceptional basis, the application of 
customs duties or charges having equivalent effect on imports (Article 17).  The application of such 
duties can be justified only in the case of infant i ndustries, sectors undergoing restructuring or facing 
serious difficulties.  Under these measures, custom s duties cannot exceed 25% and must maintain a 
preference for products originating in the other Party.   Also the import value of the products subject to 
such measures cannot exceed 1% of total industrial exports from the other Party during the previous 
year.  The measures cannot be applied for more than five years, unless authorized by the Joint 
Committee.  In addition, they can only be applied to  products for which the elimination of tariffs and 
restrictions dates back to no more than three year s.  The Parties agree to notify the Joint Committee of 
any exceptional measures they plan to take.  At th e request of either Party, the Committee shall hold 
consultations regarding such measu res before they are applied. 
(e) Balance of payments 
51. In case of serious balance of payments difficulti es or threat thereof (Article 26), the Parties 
can adopt restrictive measures to redress the balanc e of payments as long as such measures are in line 
with WTO/GATT 1994 provisions and Articles VIII a nd XIV of the Articles of Agreement of the 
International Monetary Fund (IMF).  The measure s must have a limited duration and cannot go 
beyond what is necessary to rectify the balance of  payments situation.  A Party adopting such 
measures has to inform the other Party immediat ely and present a timetable for their removal.  
3. Anti-dumping and countervailing measures 
52. The Agreement allows the Parties to apply tr ade defence measures in the presence of dumped 
or subsidised products traded with the other Part y.  According to Article 18, a Party can take 
appropriate actions against these practices in conformity with the WTO Agreement on 
Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 or the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and 
Countervailing Measures and its respective internal legislation.  
4. Competition policy, State aid and monopolies 
53. Regarding the competition environment, Turkey and Serbia consider the following practices 
as incompatible with the proper implementation of the Agreement: (i) agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undert akings and practices between undertakings which 
aim at preventing, restricting or distorting competiti on;  (ii) abuse by undertakings of a dominant 
position in the Parties' territories as a whole or in a subs tantial part thereof;  and (iii) any State aid that 
distorts or threatens to distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods (Article 25).  In the presence of any of  these practices, the Parties can take appropriate 
actions after consultation within the Joint Committ ee or 30 working days following the consultations 
(Article 22).  
54. In the case of competition-distorting State aid, appropriate measures can be adopted in 
accordance with the WTO/GATT 1994 procedures a nd provisions, and any ot her relevant legal 
instrument applicable between the Parties.  
55. In the case of a competition investigation ca rried out by one of the Parties against 
undertakings from the other Party, Serbia and Turk ey agree to cooperate and provide all relevant WT/REG288/1 
Page 20  
 
  official information within a suitable period of time.  Any exchange of information will be in 
accordance with the limitations imposed by the requirements of professional and business secrecy. 
56. As for State monopolies, Turkey and Serbia ag ree to progressively adjust any State monopoly 
of commercial character to guarantee that thr ee years after the Agreement's implementation no 
discrimination regarding the conditions under whic h goods are procured and marketed will exist 
between nationals of the Parties in accordance w ith WTO provisions (Article 21).  The Parties will 
inform the Joint Committee about the measu res adopted to reach this objective.   
5. Customs-related procedures 
57. With regards to mutual administrative assistan ce in customs matters, Article 23 refers to 
Protocol II.  In this Protocol, the Parties agree (A rticle 32 and 33 of Protocol II) to collaborate in 
verifying the authenticity of origin certificates  (i.e. EUR1 or invoice declaration), combating, 
investigating and preventing fraud in customs-re lated matters in order to guarantee the good 
functioning and correct application of the rules of origin.  The customs authorities will also check the 
proof of origin of products subject  to indirect transportation (Artic le 13 of Protocol II), transit and 
storage (Article 37 of Protocol II) as well as of exhib ition products (Article 14 of Protocol II).  Any 
investigation failing to prove the authenticity of the documents, will lead to the suspension of the 
preferences.  
58. If the verification of proof of origin leads to  a dispute and no agreement is reached between 
their customs authorities, the Parties will submit their questions to the Joint Committee.  The 
settlement of disputes between the importer and the customs authorities of the importing country will 
be under the legislation of the latter.    
6. Other regulations 
(a) Services and Investments 
59. Under Article 14, Serbia and Turkey commit to cooperate to promote investments and 
achieve gradual and bilateral market liberalization in  investments and trade in services in accordance 
with the relevant provisions of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).  
IV. GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT 
A. A
CCESSION AND TERMINATION  
60. There is no provision concerning the accession of third-parties to the Agreement.  
61. As for the withdrawal procedures, either Party can end the Agreement by a written 
notification to the other Party.  The termination w ill take effect six months after the notification.  
Moreover, if Serbia or Turkey become members of the European Union, the Agreement will be 
terminated the day before the accession to the EU (Article 37).    
B. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK  
62. The Agreement foresees the creation of a Joint Committee that will administer the 
Agreement, and ensure its proper implementation and functioning.  Each Party will be represented in 
the Joint Committee, which will meet at least once a year or whenever the Parties consider it 
necessary (Article 29 and Article 30).  As of Ma y 2011, no meeting had been held within the 
Joint Committee.  WT/REG288/1 
 Page 21 
 
 
  63. The Joint Committee can take d ecisions in the cases provided in this Agreement;  otherwise it 
can only make recommendations.  Fields in wh ich a decision from the Committee can intervene 
include structural adjustment, re-exports, shortag es, competition and State aid (Article 22).  All 
decisions will be made by consensus and are bindi ng on the Parties.  Committee decisions subject to 
the fulfilment of internal legal requirements s hould enter into force as soon as these internal 
conditions are fulfilled unless specified otherwise.   
64. The Committee will develop its own pro cedures, including provisions for requesting 
meetings.  It will designate the Chairperson and de termine his/her term of office.  If necessary, it 
could also establish sub-committees and working groups to assist its tasks.  As of May 2011, the Joint 
Committee had not developed any procedures;  and no sub-committee or other working group had 
been established. 
C. TRANSPARENCY  
65. There are no provisions on transparency in the Agreement.  However, several articles 
highlight the need for close cooperation and inform ation exchange between the Parties.  Ensuring 
transparency is in particular specified in the fiel ds of State aid (Article 25), competition (Article 25), 
re-exports, shortages and the application of safegua rds (Article 22).  Collaboration and information 
exchange is also considered essential in the case of  technical barriers to trade investigations (Article 
9), the formation of customs unions or free trade areas involving the Parties (Article 16), balance of payments difficulties (Article 26) as well as of an y issue or investigation brought to the Joint 
Committee.  The Agreement also foresees administrative cooperation on customs and rules of origin 
issues (Protocol II). 
66. Article 29 requires that the Parties collaborat e and exchange information to ensure the 
implementation of the Agreement. 
D. C
URRENT PAYMENTS AND CAPITAL MOVEMENTS   
67. Article 24 authorizes the Parties to make any payment and transfer in the current account of 
the balance of payments between themselves in freely convertible currency and in accordance with 
the provisions of Article VIII of the Articles of Agreement of the IMF.   
E. DISPUTE SETTLEMENT  
68. Article 33 on the fulfilment of obligations specifies that if Serbia or Turkey consider the other 
Party has breached its obligations under the Agreemen t, the affected Party can take actions according 
to Article 22.  Under this Article the Parties agr ee to try to resolve any disagreement through direct 
consultations before applying any action regard ing specific safeguards, re-exports, shortages, 
competition, State aid as well as a breach of oblig ations.  If there is no decision from the Committee 
after 30 working days from the notification and the infringing practices persist, the Party can take 
actions to redress the situation (Article 22). 
69. There is no provision in the Agreement, excep t for Article 34 of Protocol II, referring 
explicitly to dispute settlement.  Article 34 of Protocol II lays down the procedures in the case of a 
dispute resulting from the verification of proof of orig in or the interpretation of Protocol II.  In the 
case that such a dispute cannot be settled between th e customs authorities, they shall submit the case 
to the Joint Committee.  Any dispute settlement w ill take place under the legi slation of the importing 
country.    WT/REG288/1 
Page 22  
 
  F. R
ELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED BY THE PARTIES  
70. The Agreement does not preclude the maintenan ce or establishment of any type of trade 
agreement (i.e. customs unions, free trade areas or arrangements for frontier trade) as long as they do 
not affect the commitments specified in this Agre ement and in particular the implementation of its 
rules of origin.  At the Parties request, informa tion regarding other trade agreements signed by the 
Parties should be exchanged within the Joint Committee (Article 16).  
71. Table IV.1 lists the notified and non-notified (if an y) trade agreements that have either Turkey 
or Serbia as members (excluding the current Agreem ent).  As of March 2011, Turkey had 18 trade 
agreements while Serbia had four.  As a WTO Me mber, Turkey has notified all its agreements in 
force.  
Table IV.1:  Turkey and Serbia:  Participation in other RTAs  (notified and non-notified in force), as of 1 June 2011 
Partner / Agreement with Date of entry 
into force Type of 
agreement GATT/WTO Notification 
Year  WTO Provision  
TURKEY 
Jordan 01-Mar-11 Goods 2011 GATT Art. XXIV 
Chile 01-Mar-11 Goods 2011 GATT Art. XXIV 
Montenegro 01-Mar-10 Goods 1905 GATT Art. XXIV 
Georgia 01-Nov-08 Goods 2009 GATT Art. XXIV 
Albania 01-May-08 Goods 2008 GATT Art. XXIV 
Egypt  01-Mar-07 Goods 2007 Enabling Clause 
Syria 01-Jan-07 Goods 2007 GATT Art. XXIV 
Morocco 01-Jan-06 Goods 2006 GATT Art. XXIV 
Palestinian Authority 01-Jun-05 Goods 2005 GATT Art. XXIV 
Tunisia 01-Jul-05 Goods 2005 GATT Art. XXIV 
Croatia 01-Jul-03 Goods 2003 GATT Art. XXIV 
Bosnia and Herzegovina 01-Jul-03 Goods 2003 GATT Art. XXIV 
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 01-Sep-00 Goods 2001 GATT Art. XXIV 
Israel 01-May-97 Goods 1998 GATT Art. XXIV 
EC  01-Jan-96 Goods 1995 GATT Art. XXIV 
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) 17-Feb-92 Goods 1992 Enabling Clause 
EFTA 01-Apr-92 Goods 1992 GATT Art. XXIV 
Protocol on Trade Negotiations (PTN) 11-Feb-73 Goods 1971 Enabling Clause 
SERBIA
EFTA 01-Oct-10 Goods 2010 GATT Art. XXIV 
EU  01-Feb-10 Goods 2010 GATT Art. XXIV 
Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) 01-May-07 Goods 2007 GATT Art. XXIV 
Protocol on Trade Negotiations (PTN) 11-Feb-73 Goods 1971 Enabling Clause 
Source: WTO Secretariat.  
CEFTA: Central European Free Trade Agreement.  Members are Alba nia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cr oatia, Former Yugoslav Republic 
of Macedonia (FYROM), Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia and the United Nations Interim Administration in Kosovo (UNMIK). 
EFTA: European Free Trade Association.  Members are Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland. 
ECO:  Economic Cooperation Organization.  Cu rrent members are Afghanistan;  Azerbaijan;   Iran, Islamic Republic of;  Kazakhstan ;  
Kyrgyz Republic;  Pakistan;  Tajikistan;  Turkey;  Turkmenistan;  Uzbekistan. 
PTN: Protocol on Trade Negotiations.  Current members are Banglad esh;  Brazil;  Chile;  Egypt;  Israel;  Korea, Republic of;  M exico;  
Pakistan;  Paraguay;  Peru;  Philippines;  Serbia;  Tunisia;  Turkey;  Uruguay.  WT/REG288/1 
 Page 23 
 
 
  G. GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT  
72. One of the objectives of the Agreement is to liberalize public procurement markets in both 
Parties and to open up the award of public contr acts in a non-discriminatory and reciprocal manner 
(Article 28).  To this end and with the view to  ensuring non-discrimination between companies from 
the Parties and other countries, the Parties will pr ogressively develop their re gulations and practices 
on public procurement.  They will also endeavour  to accede to the relevant Agreements negotiated 
under GATT 1994 and the Marrakesh Agreement.  As of May 2011, there were no further 
developments regarding public pr ocurement between the Parties. 
73. The Joint Committee will examine progress towards the liberalization of public procurement 
markets in each Party.  Additionally, it can ma ke recommendations regardi ng the implementation of 
the legal framework on public procurement to ensure  free access, transparency and mutual opening of 
the public procurement in both markets.  During the examination process, the Committee can also 
consider to extend the coverage as well as the degr ee of liberalization of the procurement market. 
H. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS  
74. Under the Agreement, Serbia and Turkey co mmit to protect and enforce intellectual and 
industrial property rights (Article 27) in accord ance with the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related 
Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).  
75. Furthermore, they will regularly assess the basis of  the implementation of such provisions.  In 
the case trade is affected directly or indirectly by intellectual and industrial property rights issues, they 
can request urgent consultations to find a mutually satisfactory solution. 
I. EXCEPTIONS  
76. To protect essential security interests, the Ag reement permits under Artic le 31 the application 
of measures to prevent the disclosure of informati on contrary to the Parties' security interests and 
ensure the implementation of international obligations  or national policies relating to (i) arms traffic 
and military equipment;  (ii) the non-proliferation of biological, chemical and nuclear weapons (or 
other nuclear explosive devices) as well as (iii) war and other bellicose tensions. 
77. The Agreement permits the prohibitions or restric tions of imports, exports or goods in transit, 
based on grounds of public morality, public policy or public security;  the protection of health and 
human, animal or plant life;  the protection of nati onal treasures of artistic, historic or archaeological 
value;  the protection of intellectual, industrial a nd commercial property;  or based on rules relating to 
gold, silver or exhaustible natural resources (Article  32).  However, such prohibitions and restrictions 
must not constitute a mean of arbitrary discrimination or disguised restriction on trade between the 
Parties. WT/REG288/1 
Page 24  
 
  ANNEX I 
 
Market Access opportunities 
 
1. Tables AI.1 (Turkey) and AI.2 (Serbia) present the scheduled elimination of tariffs between 
the Parties by agricultural and non-agricultural prod ucts.  In the case of Turkey, the share of the 
number of duty-free tariff lines went from 23.4% to 83.6% with the Agreement's entry into force.  Most of the trade liberalization took place in the non-agricultural sector: 97.3% of non-agricultural 
products are now duty free, against 13.9% in the ca se of agricultural products.  As a result of the 
Agreement, Serbian exporters to Turkey also face a lower overall average tariff rate: 8.9% instead of 
12.3% (MFN rate) and 1.4% instead 5.4% in th e case of non-agricultural goods.  For agricultural 
products the rate is unchanged, as calculations re flect only the out-of-quota duty and hence do not 
consider the concessions given to Serbia under TRQs. 
Table AI.1 
Turkey:  Indicators of MFN tariff rates a nd preferential rates for imports from Serbia 
Origin of 
goods Year ALL PRODUCTS Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products 
Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff lines 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2010 12.3 16.1 23.4 47.6 55.1 13.6 5.4 7.3 25.5 
Serbia 2010 8.9 54.8 83.6 47.6 55.4 13.9 1.4 51.0 97.3 
a WTO Definition. 
Note:  For tariff lines subject to TRQs only the out-of-quota dut y is included in the tariff-related calculations;  for tariffs  with 
 non- ad valorem  components, only the ad valorem  part of the rate was included in the calculation of the tariff averages. 
Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature.  
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates based on data provided by Turkey. 
 
2. In the case of Serbia, the share of duty-free lines went from 1.1% to 48.9% upon the entry 
into force of the Agreement.  Once the Agreemen t will be fully implemented, duty-free lines would 
account for 75.7% of the total number of tariff lines.   As in the case of Turkey, most of the lines 
liberalized by Serbia were in the non-agricultu ral sector.  By the end of 2015, 95.2% of non-
agricultural tariff lines will be duty free, while this  will be the case for 1.7% of agricultural tariff 
lines.  Moreover, the overall average tariff will fall to 4% once implementation is completed;  most 
of this will be due to liberalization in non-agri culture, where the average tariff for imports from 
Turkey will be 0.4% in 2015, comp ared to 17.7% for agriculture.  
Table AI.2 
Serbia:  Indicators of Applied rates and preferential rates for imports from Turkey 
Origin of 
goods Year ALL PRODUCTS Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products 
Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-
free 
tariff 
lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
Applied rate 2010 8.7 8.9 1.1 17.7 18.0 1.3 6.4 6.5 1.0 
Turkey 2010 6.1 11.9 48.9 17.7 18.0 1.7 3.1 7.9 61.1 
 2011 5.6 10.9 48.9 17.7 18.0 1.7 2.4 6.2 61.1 
 2012 5.0 11.5 56.3 17.7 18.0 1.7 1.7 5.8 70.4 
 2013 4.6 10.6 56.3 17.7 18.0 1.7 1.2 4.1 70.4 
 2014 4.2 13.8 69.5 17.7 18.0 1.7 0.7 5.3 87.2 
 2015 4.0 16.6 75.7 17.7 18.0 1.7 0.4 8.9 95.2 
a WTO Definition. 
Note: For tariff lines subject to TRQs only  the out-of-quota duty is included in th e tariff-related calculations;  for tariffs with 
non-ad valorem  components, only the ad valorem  part of the rate was included in th e calculation of the tariff averages.   
Based on HS 2007 nomenclature. 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates based on data provided by Serbia.  WT/REG288/1 
 Page 25 
 
 
  3. Table AI.3 shows market acc ess opportunities for Serbia's top 25 exported goods in the 
Turkish market.  Turkey's market conditions for Se rbia's top exports have improved in terms of the 
number of duty free lines.  Before the Agreement entered into force, there were 199 dutiable lines 
among which only 15 remain dutiable after the Ag reement's implementation (these lines relate to 
certain berries, sugar and maize). 
Table AI.3 – Turkey:  Market a ccess opportunities under the Agreem ent for Serbia's top 25 exports 
Serbia's top export products in 2007-2009  Access Conditions to Turkey's import markets  
MFN (2010)
Duty-free 
upon entry 
into force 
(2010) Remain 
Dutiable  
Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%) Number of tariff 
lines 
HS number and description of the product   
Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) 
 Duty-
free Dutiable 
081120 - Raspberries, blackberries, mulberries, 
loganberries, black, white or red currants 
and gooseberries 2.1 21.6  7  7 
721012 -- Of a thickness of less than 0.5 mm 1.9 6.0 6 4 4  
401110 - Of a kind used on motor cars (including 
station wagons and racing cars) 1.7 4.5  7 7  
720837 -- Of a thickness of 4.75 mm or more but 
not exceeding 10 mm 1.7 9.0  4 4  
271600 Electrical energy 1.6 0.0 1    
850300 Parts suitable for use solely or principally 
with the machines of heading 85.01 or 
85.02. 1.6 2.7  11 11  
170199 -- Other 1.6 135.0  6  6 
100590 - Other 1.5 130.0  2  2 
760612 -- Of aluminium alloys 1.4 7.5  14 14  
391810 - Of polymers of vinyl chloride 1.3 6.5  4 4  
300490 - Other 1.2 0.0 12    
720449 -- Other 1.1 0.0 4    
720852 -- Of a thickness of 4.75 mm or more but 
not exceeding 10 mm 1.1 9.0  6 6  
611521 -- Of synthetic fibres, measuring per single 
yarn less than 67 decitex 1.1 12.0  1 1  
481159 -- Other 1.0 0.0 2    
740911 -- In coils 1.0 4.8  4 4  
640610 - Uppers and parts thereof, other than 
stiffeners 0.9 3.0  3 3  
741110 - Of refined copper 0.9 4.8  3 3  
720839 -- Of a thickness of less than 3 mm 0.9 9.0  4 4  
271019 -- Other 0.9 3.6  86 86  
390120 - Polyethylene having a specific gravity of 
0.94 or more 0.9 4.9 1 3 3  
720838 -- Of a thickness of 3 mm or more but less 
than 4.75 mm 0.8 9.0  4 4  
220300 Beer made from malt. 0.7 0.0 3    
640399 -- Other 0.7 7.6  11 11  
852872 -- Other, colour 0.7 14.0  15 15  
Total of above 30.2  29 199 184 15 
 
Source : WTO estimates based on data provided by  Turkey and UNSD, Comtrade database. 
 
4. Table AI.4 shows market acces s opportunities for Turkey's top 25 exports to the Serbian 
market.  Turkey's top 25 exports account for 36.4 % of its total exports and involve 133 tariff lines, 
eight of which were already duty free.  Among the dutiable lines (i.e. 125 in total) more than half become duty free in the first year of implementation.  Following further liberalization in 2012, 2014 and 2015, only one line (relating to al monds) will remain dutiable by 2015. 
 WT/REG288/1 
Page 26  
 
  Table AI.4 – Serbia:  Market a ccess opportunities under the Agreem ent for Turkey's top 25 exports  
Turkey's top export products in 2007-2009 Access Conditions to Serbia's import markets 
Applied rate (2010) Duty-free in 
Remain Dutiable Average 
applied 
rate 
(%) Number of tariff lines 
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Duty-
free Dutiable  
2010 
2012 
2014 2015 
721420 - containing indentations, ribs, 
grooves or other deformations 
produced during the rolling 
process or twisted after rolling 5.0 5.0  1 1     
271019 -- other 3.0 1.0 7 23 23     
870421 -- g.v.w. not exceeding 5 tonnes 3.0 11.3  9 2  3 4  
710812 -- other unwrought forms 2.7 3.0  1 1     
610910 - of cotton 1.9 22.0  1 1     
852872 -- other, colour 1.7 15.0  11   1 10  
870331 -- of a cylinder capacity not 
exceeding 1,500 cc 1.6 9.0  4 1  1 2  
870323 -- of a cylinder capacity 
exceeding 1,500 cc but not 
exceeding 3,000 cc 1.6 9.2  5 1  4   
271011 -- light oils and preparations 1.5 2.2  13 13     
870322 -- of a cylinder capacity 
exceeding 1,000 cc but not exceeding 1,500 cc 1.5 9.0  4 1  3   
870332 -- of a cylinder capacity 
exceeding 1,500 cc but not exceeding 2,500 cc 1.3 9.2  5 1  4   
711319 -- of other precious metal, 
whether or not plated or clad with precious metal 1.2 20.0  1    1  
870210 - with compression-ignition 
internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel) 1.1 17.5  4    4  
620462 -- of cotton 1.0 22.0  7 7     
890120 - tankers 1.0 2.5 1 1 1     
840999 -- other 0.9 1.0  1 1     
620342 -- of cotton 0.9 22.0  7 7     
720711 -- of rectangular (including 
square) cross-section, the width measuring less than twice the 
thickness 0.8 3.0  4 4     
854449 -- other 0.8 15.0  5  1  4  
080222 -- shelled 0.7 10.0  1     1 
611020 - of cotton 0.7 18.0  3 3     
252329 -- other 0.6 5.0  1  1    
841821 -- compression-type 0.6 6.4  5 2  3   
870899 -- other 0.6 1.0  4 4     
730890 - other 0.6 4.0  4 2 2    
Total of above  36.4  8 125 76 4 19 25 1 
Note: Based on HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source : WTO estimates based on data provided by  Serbia and UNSD, Comtrade database.  WT/REG288/1 
 Page 27 
 
 
  ANNEX II 
 
Tariff-rate quotas under the Agreement  
  
Table AII.1:  Turkey's tariff-rate quotas for imports from Serbia 
HS code MFN 
(min-max) Concession 
Quota 
(tones/hl) concession tariff after 
concession Notes 
Vegetable products 
060240 3.9 100 100% MFN reduction 0   
0602 90 41 3.9 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
0602 90 49  3.9 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
0603        
(excl. 0603 90) 46.8 5 100% MFN reduction 0   
070110 19.3 500 100% MFN reduction 0   
0702 48.6 1,500 70% MFN reduction 14.58  From 1 June to 30 September 
070390 49.5 500 70% MFN reduction 14.85   
0704 90 10  19.5 500 100% MFN reduction 0   
0706 10 36.9 1,000 60% MFN reduction 14.76   
0708 10 19.5 50 100% MFN reduction 0   
0708 90 19.5 100 100% MFN reduction 0   
0709 60 19.5 200 50% MFN reduction 9.75 From 1 July to 30 September 
0710 21 19.5 350 100% MFN reduction 0   
0710 22 19.5 300 100% MFN reduction 0   
0710 40 5.1 + 2,91 
EUR/100 
kg/net 1,000 EU treatment 0 Specific tariff applies 2,91 EUR/100 kg/net 
0713 90 0-19.3 250 100% MFN reduction 0   
0811 10 15.4-37 300 100% MFN reduction 0   
081120 15.4-37 1,000 100% MFN reduction 0   
0811 90 75   15.4 300 100% MFN reduction 0   
0813 20 43.2 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
0909 50 30 250 100% MFN reduction 0   
091099 30 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
1001 90 99 130 10,000 100% MFN reduction 0   
1005 90 130 5,000 100% MFN reduction 0   
1008 30 50 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
1208 10 23 1,000 100% MFN reduction 0   
1209 10 3.9 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
1209 21 19.3 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
1209 29 10 19.3 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
1209 29 80 19.3 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
1208 91 90 
(excl.1209 91 90 00 11) 19.3 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
1209 99 10 6 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
1210 90 85 
(excl. 1211 90 85 00 13) 5-35 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
Animal or vegetable fats and oils and thei r cleavage products prepared edible fats 
1517 2.9-46.8 100 20% 20 Specific tariff applies for two tariff lines 
25,82 EUR/100 kg/net : 151710100000 and 
151790100000  
1518 00 31 19.5 50 100% MFN reduction 0   
Prepared foodstuffs 
1604 80-81.9 100 5% 5   
1704 9-13.4 1,000 60% MFN reduction 3.6 - 5.36 Sp ecific tariff applies for some tariff lines 
1806 8-8.3 750 60% MFN reduction 3.2 - 3.32 Sp ecific tariff applies for some tariff lines 
190110 7.6 300 EU treatment 0 Specific tariff applies for some tariff lines 
1902 7.7-37 750 50% MFN reduction 3.85 - 18.5 Sp ecific tariff applies for some tariff lines 
1905 9 1,000 50% MFN reduction 4.5 Specific tariff applies for some tariff lines 
2001 10 39 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
2001 90 30 5.1 + 
28,43 
EUR/100 
kg/net 200 EU treatment 0 Specific ta riff applies 2,91 EUR/100 kg/net 
2004.90.50 39 200 50% MFN reduction 19.5   
Table AII.1 (Cont'd)WT/REG288/1 
Page 28  
 
  HS code MFN 
(min-max) Concession 
Quota 
(tones/hl) concession tariff after 
concession Notes 
2008 (excl. 
2008 11 10; 2008 19 19; 
2008 19 95;   
2008 30;   2008 99 85; 
2008 99 91) 10-58.5 200 50% MFN reduction 5 - 29.25   
      
2009 (excl. 
2009 22;  
2009 12;  2009 19;  
2009 31;  
2009 39;  2009 71;  
2009 79) 58.5 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
            
2104 11.5-14.1 50 100% MFN reduction 0   
2105 -various 
specific 
duties- 150 EU treatment 0 -various specific duties- 
2106 10 20 12.8 100 100% MFN reduction 0   
2106 90 12.8-58.5 100 EU treatment 0 - 58.5 Specific tariff applies for some tariff lines 
Beverages, spirits and vinegar  
2204 21.3-70 500 hl 50% MFN reduction 10.65 - 35   
 
Source : WTO Secretariat based on Annex II of Protocol 2 of the Agreement.  WT/REG288/1 
 Page 29 
 
 
  Table AII.2:  Serbia's tariff-rat e quotas for imports from Turkey 
HS code MFN 
(min-max) Concession 
Quota 
(tones/hl) concession  tariff after 
concession  Notes 
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates  
All lines in 
Chapter 3, excluding      
0301 93 00 00; 
032 11;             0302 69 11 00; 
0302 69 19 00. 30 1,000 100% MFN reduction 0   
Vegetable products  
0603 15 5 100% MFN reduction 0 Seasonal duty (20%) applies from May 1 to 
November 1 from May 15 to Oct. 4 
0702  30 1,500 50% MFN reduction 15 Specific duty (RSD 12/kg) will be 
eliminated. Seasonal duty (20%) will 
continue to apply from May 15 to Sep. 15 
0703 90  15 600 67% MFN reduction 5   
0706 10  20 1,000 50% MFN reduction 10 Seasonal duty (20%) will continue to apply 
from May 1 to Nov 1 
0709 60  20 200 25% MFN reduction 15 Specific duty (RSD 15/kg) will be 
eliminated. Seasonal duty 20% will continue to apply for the products listed as follows: 
- 0709 60 10 from 1 June to 3 November, 
- 0709 60 91; 0709 60 95 and 0709 60 99 from 15 June to 15 September 
0713 20  20 400 100% MFN reduction 0   
0802 22 10 1,000 100% MFN reduction 0   
0802 50  10 200 100% MFN reduction 0   
0804 20 90 10 1,000 100% MFN reduction 0   
0805 10;               0805 20;               
0805 40;               
0805 50 5-10 50,000 100% MFN reduction 0 This is a common quota for these tariff lines. 
0806 20  5 400 100% MFN reduction 0   
0813 10  10 400 100% MFN reduction 0   
Animal or vegetable fats and oils and thei r cleavage products prepared edible fats 
1509  5 750 100% MFN reduction 0   
1517  30 100 33% MFN reduction 20 Specific duty (RSD 15/kg) will be 
eliminated.  
Prepared foodstuffs  
1604 10-15 250 60% MFN reduction 4 to 6   
1704  15-25 1,000 50% MFN reduction 7.5-12.5   
1806  10-30 750 50% MFN reduction 5 to 15   
1902  30 750 50% MFN reduction 15   
1905 25-30 1,000 50% MFN reduction 12.5-15   
2002  20 300 50% MFN reduction 0   
2008 (excl. 2008 99 45; 
2008 99 85) 10-20 400 50% MFN reduction 5 to 10   
Beverages, spirits and vinegar  
2203  30 10,000 hl 50% MFN reduction 15   
 
Source: WTO Secretariat based on Annex I to  Protocol 1 of the Agreement. 
 
__________