WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  G/SG/N/8/TUR/10 
G/SG/N/9/TUR/4 
G/SG/N/10/TUR/10 G/SG/N/11/TUR/11 
22 August 2008 
 
(08-3951) 
Committee on Safeguards Original:   English 
 
 
 
NOTIFICATION UNDER ARTICLE 12.1(B) OF THE AGREEMENT 
ON SAFEGUARDS ON FINDING A SERIOUS INJURY OR  
THREAT THEREOF CAUSED BY INCREASED IMPORTS 
 
THE NOTIFICATION OF TURKEY TO THE COMMITTEE ON SAFEGUARDS 
CONCERNING THE TERMINATION OF AN INVESTIGATION  
WITH NO SAFEGUARD MEASURE IMPOSED 
 
NOTIFICATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 12.1(C) 
OF THE AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS 
 
NOTIFICATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 9, FOOTNOTE 2 
OF THE AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS 
 
TURKEY 
 
(Certain Electrical Appliances ) 
  The following notification, dated 12 August 2008 , is being circulation at the request of the 
Delegation of Turkey.   
 
_______________ 
 
  Turkey had notified the initiation of a safeguard investigation into imports of certain electrical 
appliances with WTO Document G/SG/N/6/TUR/13 da ted 2 January 2008.  Turkey hereby informs 
that the related safeguard investigation has been te rminated without applying  any definitive safeguard 
measure against imports of four products due th e fact that no evidence has been found for serious 
injury or threat thereof caused by increase in imports.  These products are "fruit or vegetable juice 
extractors" with Harmonized System (HS) Code 8509.40.00.00.14, "toasters" with HS Code 8516.72.00.00.00, "deep fat fryers" with  HS Code 8516.79.20.00.00 and "kettles" with 
HS Code 8516.79.70.00.11.  The announcement of  termination was made through a Communiqué 
published in the Official Gazette on 10 August 2008.     Regarding the remaining products within the sc ope of the above menti oned investigation and 
in light of the agreed format for notifications  (G/SG/W/1, 23 February 1995), Turkey provides 
notification to the Committee on Safeguards of findings of serious injury or threat thereof caused by 
increased imports and notification of proposed safeguard measures.     Consistent with Article 12.3 of the Agreement on Safeguards , Turkey is prepared to consult 
with those Members having a substantial inter est as exporters of the products concerned.   G/SG/N/8/TUR/10, G/SG/N/9/TUR/4,  
G/SG/N/10/TUR/10, G/SG/N/11/TUR/11 Page 2 
 
 
  I. EVIDENCE OF SERIOUS INJURY OR THREAT THEREOF CAUSED BY 
INCREASED IMPORTS 
A. E
VIDENCE OF SERIOUS INJURY  
 In order to make a determina tion of serious injury to the dom estic industry of the like products, 
an evaluation of all relevant factors of an objec tive and quantifiable nature having a bearing on the 
situation of the industry has been undertaken.  Th e figures supplied herewith were collected from the 
domestic producers that constitute major proportion of the domestic production.  Customs Codes and 
descriptions of the products are provided on the ta ble below.  Considering their demand conditions, 
production processes and interchangeability, produc ts classified under HS Code 8509.40 and 
"mincing appliances" with HS Code 8509.80.00. 00.11 are grouped as a single product and hence the 
determinations contained in th e following sections are based on data relating to the group named 
Product 1.    
Product HS Code Description of the Product 
8509.40.00.00.11 Grinders 
8509.40.00.00.12 Mixers 
8509.40.00.00.13 Blenders 
8509.40.00.00.15 Complete sets 
8509.40.00.00.19 Choppers Product 1 
8509.80.00.00.11 Mi ncing appliances 
Product 2 8516.60.90.00.11 Toasters (Contact grills) 
Product 3 8516.31.90.00.00 Hair dryers 
Product 4 8508.11.00.00.19 Handheld vacuum cleaners 
 
1. Product 1 (P1) 
Indicators of Injury Unit 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Consumption Pieces 1,950,146 2,523,99 5 2,725,882 3,22 7,212 3,087,891 
Capacity Pieces 1,800,000 1,850,00 0 1,850,000 1,95 0,000 3,420,000 
CUR % 95 89 91 108 53 
Production Pieces 1,704,444 1,646,849 1,677,213 2,106, 523 1,826,054 
Domestic Sales  Pieces 663,526 786,438 666, 886 911,949 605,268 
Stocks Pieces 90,183 76,6 45 59,148 65,112 37,616 
Employment  Number of 
Workers 474 387 396 494 488 
Productivity Pieces per 
Employee 3,596 4,255 4,235 4,264 3,742 
Profitability % 9 11 5 6 -2 
Market Share of 
Domestic Producers  % 34 32 25 29 20  G/SG/N/8/TUR/10, G/SG/N/9/TUR/4,  
 G/SG/N/10/TUR/10, G/SG/N/11/TUR/11  Page 3 
 
 
   It can be observed, on the table above, that  the consumption of P1, which was 2 million 
pieces in 2003, increased in the following years by 29 per cent, 8 per cent and 18 per cent, respectively and reached the level of 3.2 million pi eces in 2006.  The consumption of P1 contracted 
by 4 per cent in 2007.   
 
 Production capacity did not show a substantia l change from 2003 to 2006.  The capacity was 
recorded as 3.2 million pieces in 2007.  The reason behi nd this 75 per cent increase in the capacity is 
the reflection of the machinery and mould investme nts, which have been made during the years of 
investigation, on the updated versi ons of the capacity reports.   
 
 The capacity utilization ratio (CUR) in the pr oduction of P1 remained stable within the 
interval 89-95 per cent from 2003 to 2005.  108 per cent CUR in 2006 is explained by the fact that the companies in the electrical appliances sector are able to produce a wide  range of products with similar 
production techniques and hence distribute their resources depending on production planning and 
market conditions resulted in a production figur e in 2006 that was in excess of the recorded 
production capacity in that year.  Capacity reports  were renewed in 2007 and the increase in the 
recorded capacity and the decline in the production am ount led to a fall in CUR to 53 per cent in this 
year.   The production of P1 was 1.7 million pieces in 2003.   After maintaining its initial level in the 
following two years, production reached its peak point in 2006 with 2. 1 million pieces.  Production 
recorded a decrease by 13 per cent in 2007.     The domestic sales of P1, which was 663 t housand pieces in the beginning year, showed a 
fluctuating trend in the following three years and recorded its highest value in 2006.  Contracting 
by 34 per cent, domestic sales declined to its bottom level in 2007.   
  Owing to the rise in the sales from stocks in 20 04, the closing stocks decreased by 15 per cent 
in this year.  Stocks decreased by a further 26 per cent in 2005 as sales abroad recorded an increase in 
this year.  After increasing by 11 per cent in 2006,  closing stocks fell to the bottom level in 2007 due 
to the decrease in production amount  and the rise in sales abroad.   
 
 Employment, which was 474 workers in 2003, fell by 18 per cent in 2004 and recorded its highest value in 2006 as a result of the increase in production in this year.  A 1 per cent decline in 
employment occurred in 2007.    
 Having grown by 18 per cent in 2004, productivit y remained stable in the following two years 
and decreased to the bottom level in 2007 du e to the fall in the production amount.   
  Profitability recorded positive values from 2003 to 20 06 and declined to -2 per cent in 2007.   
  The data show that the market share of dom estic producers fell gradually during the period of 
investigation.  In 2007, domestic producers c onstituted 20 per cent of the market of P1.   G/SG/N/8/TUR/10, G/SG/N/9/TUR/4,  
G/SG/N/10/TUR/10, G/SG/N/11/TUR/11 Page 4 
 
 
  2. Product 2 (P2) 
Indicators of Injury Unit 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Consumption Pieces 239, 684 495,214 560,189 648,913 938,959 
Capacity Pieces 184,000 184,000 155,000 155,000 155,000 
CUR % 81 73 87 78 71 
Production Pieces 149,241 134,731 134,143 121,407 109,390 
Domestic Sales  Pieces 119,981 119,720 111, 325 111,291 105,152 
Stocks Pieces 8,861 7,58 9 10,811 11,821 11,967 
Employment  Number of 
Workers 46 40 38 30 24 
Productivity Pieces per 
Employee 3,244 3,368 3,530 4,047 4,558 
Profitability % 7 3 3 -2 3 
Market Share of 
Domestic Producers  % 50 24 20 17 11 
 
 The consumption of P2 recorded increases thr oughout the entire period of investigation and 
approached 1 million pieces in 2007.     Installed capacity did not show any yearly change during the period 2003-2007, except the decline recorded in 2005.  Regarding the utiliza tion of capacity, it can be observed that CUR dropped 
to its lowest level at the end of the period.   
  Having contracted continuously during the entir e period, the production of P2 reached to its 
bottom level in 2007 with nearly 110 thousand pieces.     Domestic sales followed a similar trend of ch ange to that of production and recorded its 
lowest level in 2007.   
  Except the decrease registered in 2004, the closing stocks of P2 rose during the entire period 
of investigation and reached its peak level in 2007.    
 Total number of workers dropped gradually from 2003 to 2007.  The recorded figure for 
employment was 24 workers in 2007.     The rising trend of productivity during the peri od of investigation can wholly be explained by 
the continuous fall in the to tal number of workers.   
 
 Except for 2006, the profitability of domes tic producers recorded positive values for the 
period 2003-2007, however the values we re slightly below the acceptable level of profitability for this 
production sector.     G/SG/N/8/TUR/10, G/SG/N/9/TUR/4,  
 G/SG/N/10/TUR/10, G/SG/N/11/TUR/11  Page 5 
 
 
   The market share of domestic producers eroded from 2003 to 2007.  In 2007, domestic 
producers represented 11 per cent of the domestic market for P2.    
3. Product 3 (P3) 
Indicators of Injury Unit 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Consumption Pieces 1,359,247 1,672,54 2 1,713,137 1,57 9,889 1,849,855 
Capacity Pieces 500,000 1,000,000 1, 250,000 1,250, 000 1,250,000 
CUR % 24 13 11 6 4 
Production Pieces 120,491 127, 775 132,147 78,549 49,685 
Domestic Sales  Pieces 108, 227 125,978 128,847 85, 191 51,523 
Stocks Pieces 9,115 10,9 12 14,212 7,570 5,732 
Employment  Number of 
Workers 23 17 21 11 6 
Productivity Pieces per 
Employee 5,181 7,440 6,428 6,841 8,877 
Profitability % 3 9 16 4 7 
Market Share of 
Domestic Producers  % 8 8 8 5 3 
 
 Recording a level of 1,4 million pieces in 2003, total consumption of P3 increased by 23 per cent and 2 per cent in the following two years and dropped by 8 per cent in 2006.  Consumption 
reached its peak level in 2007 with nearly 1,9 million pieces.   
  The total production capacity of P3 increased by 100 per cent and 25 per cent in 2004 and 2005, respectively and remained at the le vel of 1.25 million pieces during the rest of the 
investigation period.    
 Falling continuously throughout the period 20 03-2007, CUR of domestic production dropped 
to its bottom level in 2007.     It is observed that the production of P3 r ecorded increases in 2004 and 2005.  However, 
production quantity then entered into a sharp downwar d trend and dropped to its lowest value at the 
end of the period.   
  Domestic sales recorded changes in the same di rection with the changes in production figures 
and decreased to the level of 51 thousand pi eces after a fall by 40 per cent in 2007.   
  Owing to the improvement in production from 2003 to 2005, closing stocks rose to 
14 thousand pieces in 2005.  In 2006 and 2007, domestic producer reduced the level of stocks with an 
effort to diminish the cost of inventories.    G/SG/N/8/TUR/10, G/SG/N/9/TUR/4,  
G/SG/N/10/TUR/10, G/SG/N/11/TUR/11 Page 6 
 
 
   Following the same the trend of change in  production, sales and stocks, the number of 
workers recorded its bottom level in 2007 with 6 employees.      The productivity figures were significantly high especially in 2003 and 2007.  The 
improvement in productivity in 2007 was mainly  the result of the sharp decline occurred in 
employment in this year.     It is clearly seen that profitability followed a trend, until 2007, that is similar to the trend 
recorded by production, stocks and sales.  The reas ons behind the increase in profitability to 7 per cent 
in 2007 were the decrease in labour cost due to th e fall in employment and a reduction in operational 
costs.     The market share of domestic production remain ed the same between 2003 and 2005.  Market 
share fell by 3 and 2 percentage points in 2006 and 2007, respectively.   
 
4. Product 4 (P4) 
Indicators of Injury Unit 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Consumption Pieces 330, 472 563,731 494,013 586,506 628,685 
Capacity Pieces 196,000 196,000 196,000 200,000 200,000 
CUR % 93 74 72 56 51 
Production Pieces 182,244 145,183 140,313 111,094 102,641 
Domestic Sales  Pieces 140, 101 114,818 93,512 83,366 70,484 
Stocks Pieces 12,106 10,6 33 7,264 3,296 2,097 
Employment  Number of 
Workers 41 33 32 25 23 
Productivity Pieces per 
Employee 4,445 4,399 4,385 4,444 4,463 
Profitability % 7 8 26 20 9 
Market Share of 
Domestic Producers  % 43 21 19 14 12 
 
 The consumption of P4 increased throughout the whole period under investigation, except 
for 2005, and exceeded 620 thousand pieces in 2007.   
  No significant change occurred in the production capacity of P4 that was about 200 thousand pieces during the last five years period.     Capacity utilization decreased from 2003 to 200 7.  CUR was 51 per cent in 2007, the lowest 
level of the period under investigation.   
  G/SG/N/8/TUR/10, G/SG/N/9/TUR/4,  
 G/SG/N/10/TUR/10, G/SG/N/11/TUR/11  Page 7 
 
 
   The production of P4, which was 182 thousand pieces in 2003, decreased in the following 
years by 20 per cent, 3 per cent, 21 per cent and 8 pe r cent, respectively and recorded its lowest level 
in 2007.    
 Similarly, falling continuously during the years of investigation, the domestic sales of P4 fell 
to its lowest value in 2007.     The declining trend recorded by production and sales is also valid for the changes in stocks 
and employment.   
 
 Productivity did not show a substantia l change for the period 2003-2007.   
  Profitability recorded its peak level in 2005.  Afterwards, it decreased by 6 and 11 percentage 
points in 2006 and 2007, respectively.  
 
 During the period of investigation, domestic pr oduction continuously lost its market share.  
The share of domestic products in the internal market was 12 per cent in 2007.   
 
5. Price undercutting 
Price undercutting, which was calculated by a comparison of weighted average prices of 
imported and domestic products to the deal ers, is shown on the table below.   
 
Product 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Grinders % 22 % 37 % 42 % 37 % 46 
Mixers % 56 % 58 % 22 % 21 % 34 
Blenders % 37 % 2 % 56 % 54 % 66 
Complete Sets - % 23 % 21 % 14 % 29 
Choppers - - - - - 
Mincing Appliances -  % 25 % 30 % 34 % 38 
Toasters % 43 % 45 % 21 % 20 % 39 
Hair Dryers % 42 % 32 % 29 % 11 % 26 
Handheld vacuum cleaners - % 23 % 5 - % 10 
 
 It was determined, for all products except chop pers, that the prices of the imported products 
undercut the prices of the domestic products for the whol e period or for certain years of investigation.   
  Several other products are classified in the same HS Code with choppers.  Therefore, a 
separate price analysis to compare the prices of  imported and domestic choppers was carried out 
during the investigation.  Using the information su pplied by the importers of the product concerned 
and price levels collected from retail stores, the approximate costs of low, low/medium, medium/high and high segment imported products  were found.  Then, a weighted average cost for imported 
choppers was obtained.  This weighted average cost was found to be at nearly the same level with the 
cost of the domestic product to the wholesaler.  Howe ver, it was also determined that the price of the 
domestic product did not show any increase during the pe riod under investigation.  On the contrary, 
the price of the domestic chopper, which was 16 New Turkish Lira (YTL) per piece in 2003, 
decreased to 14 YTL per piece in 2007.  Therefore,  it is concluded that the price of the domestic 
choppers have been repressed by the price of the imported choppers.    G/SG/N/8/TUR/10, G/SG/N/9/TUR/4,  
G/SG/N/10/TUR/10, G/SG/N/11/TUR/11 Page 8 
 
 
  6. Conclusion 
Regarding P1, the data show negative developm ents for production, CUR, domestic sales and 
profitability.  Especially, domestic sales, stocks a nd profitability recorded their lowest values in 2007.  
Also, it was found that the domestic products significan tly lost their market share during the period of 
investigation and the prices of the imported produc ts were, on average, lower than that of the 
domestic product.     The economic indicators concerning P2 substa ntially worsened throughout the period under 
investigation.  Following a continuously decreasing trend, production, sales, CUR and employment 
recorded their lowest levels in 2007.  On the othe r hand, closing stocks reached its peak level in the 
same year.  Domestic production dramatically lost its market share from 2003 to 2007.  Finally, it is observed that the imported product undercut the pr ice of the domestic product throughout the entire 
period under investigation.    
 For P3, production, domestic sales and employ ment decreased by significant amounts in the 
last two years of investigation.  Furthermore, CUR continuously fell and share of domestic products 
eroded during the period of investigation.  Also, price undercutting was found to have taken place for 
the years 2003-2007.     The economic indicators for P4 such as production, sales, CUR and employment deteriorated 
persistently from 2003 to 2007.  Also, profitabilit y recorded yearly decreases in 2006 and 2007 and 
market share of domestic production recorded its lo west level in 2007.  Price undercutting was found 
to have taken place for the y ears 2004, 2005 and 2007.   
  Taking account of all of these factors, inves tigating authority concludes that the domestic 
industry has suffered serious injury for all f our products subject to investigation.   
 B. C
AUSATION ANALYSIS  
In order to examine the existence of a causal link between increased imports and the serious 
injury, and in order to ensure that  injury caused by other factors is not attributed to increased imports, 
the investigating authority analyzed th e effects of the following factors:   
 
1. Analysis of causation factors 
- Effect of increased imports:   
 
Imports have been on an increasing trend in th e period under examination.  Imports of P1 
increased continuously during the investigation period and reached to 2.4 million pieces in 2007 from 
a level of 1.27 million pieces in 2003, which reveals an increase by nearly 90 per cent.  Imports of P2 also increased constantly from 2003 to 2007 and th e most remarkable rates of increases occurred 
in 2004 and 2007.  Comparing with  2003, imports increased by 595 per cent in 2007.  For P3, imports 
recorded yearly increases during the whole period,  except for 2006, and reached 1.8 million pieces 
in 2007 with an increase by 21 per cent.  Impor ts of P4 increased from 186 thousand pieces in 2003 
to 514 thousand pieces in 2007, indicating a rise by 176 per cent.   
 
For all products under consideration, the disruptiv e effect of import prices on domestic prices 
has been determined.     G/SG/N/8/TUR/10, G/SG/N/9/TUR/4,  
 G/SG/N/10/TUR/10, G/SG/N/11/TUR/11  Page 9 
 
 
  For the foregoing reasons, the investigating aut hority concludes that there is a correlation 
between the increase in imports at low prices and th e serious injury suffered by the domestic industry, 
and that the increase in imports has had injurious effects.    
- Other Factors 
 
(a) Effect of changes in consumption:  Demand for the product concerned has not 
decreased significantly throughout the period under consideration.   
 
(b) Effect of competition between the domest ic producers:  Competition in the domestic 
market has not created an injurious effect.   
 
(c) Changes in production technology:  The production technology used by the domestic 
industry is the same with the technology used by foreign producers.   
 
(d) Alternative products and changes in cons umer preferences:  There is no product, 
which can be a substitute for the product c oncerned.  Therefore, changes in user 
preferences have not been identified.   
 
(e) Lack of production capacity:  No injurious affect concerning lack of production 
capacity has been determined.  Productivity figures of domestic producers verify this 
finding.   
 (f) Changes in financial costs:  The investig ating authority determined that changes in 
financial costs did not contribute to the in jury suffered by the domestic industry.   
 
(g) Effect of changes in export performance:  Changes in sales abroad and the share of 
these sales in total revenues reveals that  export performance did not create any 
injurious affect during the period of investigation.   
 
2. Conclusion on causation 
 After having examined the injurious effects of the other known factors, the investigating 
authority has reached the conclusion that there is a genuine and substantial causal link between 
increased imports and serious injury to the domestic industry.    
II. INFORMATION ON WHETHER THERE IS AN ABSOLUTE INCREASE IN 
IMPORTS OR AN INCREASE IN IMPORTS RELATIVE TO DOMESTIC 
PRODUCTION 
 The investigation was conducted in accordance with the requirements of Turkish Legislation 
on Safeguard Measures and the procedures prescrib ed by the WTO Agreement on Safeguards and 
Article XIX of GATT 1994, i.e. determination of th e existence of unforeseen developments and effect 
of obligations, including tariff concessions which le d to the increased imports and resulting injury to 
the domestic producers.   
  Firstly, it is well known that the price elasticity  of consumer demand for the products subject 
to investigation varies depending on the segment of the product.  Accordingly, as segments proceed 
from lower to the medium and upper, the price elas ticity of demand for the product decreases and the 
effects of the factors such as function, design, af ter sales services on the demand increases.  However, 
a significant portion of the companies competing at the retail stage own brands and, whatever their 
segments are, the preferences of these companies regarding the manufacturers depend notably on G/SG/N/8/TUR/10, G/SG/N/9/TUR/4,  
G/SG/N/10/TUR/10, G/SG/N/11/TUR/11 Page 10 
 
 
  costs and prices.  In other words, the price el asticity of demand changes significantly between the 
market for which the suppliers are the domestic and foreign manufacturers while the demanders are 
the companies which have brands, and the market fo r which the suppliers are the retailers while the 
demanders are the consumers.  Therefore, the ch anges in the domestic and foreign production costs 
and price levels have a consequential effect on the domestic manufacturers of the products subject to 
the investigation.  In this respect, consumer prices, on average, recorded significantly higher levels of 
increases than the increases in the producer prices, during the period under investigation.  The real 
value of domestic currency has had a significant impact on the price levels faced by domestic 
producers.  The domestic producers have not been able  to raise the prices in a rate proportional to the 
rise in purchasing cost due to the consistent appreci ation of domestic currency during this period.  In 
this context, considering the determining effect of  real exchange rate on the cost of imports, it is 
observed, for the investigation period, that the pr ice levels of imports have suppressed the domestic 
producers, consistently.    
 Furthermore, international factors, which might have had impacts on the increase of imports 
of the products concerned, have been investig ated.  With its high population and ongoing rapid 
urbanization process, People's Republic of China (P RC) is identified as a huge market for household 
electrical appliances sector.  Also, the production of the products subject to investigation is labour-
intensive and labour cost constitutes a significant part of the industrial costs.  Hence, low labour cost 
is another factor that explains the concentration of these products' production facilities mainly in PRC.  
Due to the demographic conditions and low producti on costs as explained above, it is clear by the 
table below that throughout the world, the products  subject to investigation are exported of a high 
percentage from China.    
HS Code World Exports 
(2006, Million $) Share of PRC in World 
Exports (2006, %) Share of PRC in Imports 
of Turkey (2006, %) 
8508.11 4,793 36 79 
8509.40 2,590 32 63 
8509.80 1,937 34 38 
8516.31 704 34 89 
8516.60 6,261 22 29 
Source :  International Trade Center, Turkish Statistical Institute.   
  As a result of the effects of the factors mentioned above, the production of the products 
subject to investigation have shifted considerably  to PRC, which stands out with lower production 
costs and prices.  However, the raise in productio n and investment in China have led to a surplus 
capacity for the products under consideration.  The ef fect of this surplus capacity on Turkish imports 
can clearly be observed on the table above.  For a ll products under consideration, the share of Chinese 
origin products in imports of Turkey exceeded the share of these products in world exports.  Hence, 
with its demographic circumstances and growing market, Turkey has been  a suitable market for 
surplus capacity and relatively low- priced Chinese origin products.   
  In conclusion, the real exchange rate of dom estic currency, domestic and international cost 
structures and price developments, the strengthening position of PRC in the production of electrical 
appliances together with demographic conditions are revealed as unforeseen developments that led to 
a sudden, sharp and significant increase in the imports of the products concerned.    
An analysis of the increase in imports to Tu rkey of the product concerned has been carried 
out over the period from 2003 to 2007, both in absolu te terms and relative to domestic production.  
Imports statistics cover the products that have un it prices below the threshold levels specified in  G/SG/N/8/TUR/10, G/SG/N/9/TUR/4,  
 G/SG/N/10/TUR/10, G/SG/N/11/TUR/11  Page 11 
 
 
  Section IV.  Imports of the products concerned in creased considerably, both in absolute terms and 
relative to domestic production, duri ng the period under investigation.   
 
1. Product 1 (P1) 
Imports Unit 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Absolute Pieces 1,270,836 1,689,91 5 1,987,512 2,23 0,439 2,406,442 
Relative to Domestic 
Production % 75 103 119 106 132 
Share in Domestic 
Market % 66 68 75 71 80 
 
 Imports of P1 were 1.2 million pieces in 2003. Imports increased, in the following two years, 
by 33 per cent and 18 per cent and reached the le vel of 2 million pieces in 2005.  Having risen by 
12 per cent in 2006 and 8 per cent in 2007, imports re corded an amount of 2.4 million pieces in 2007.  
Also, ratio of imports to domestic production increased remarkably during the period under 
investigation.  Accordingly, imported products rais ed their market share from 66 per cent in 2003 to 
80 per cent in 2007.   
 
2. Product 2 (P2) 
Imports Unit 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Absolute Pieces 119,653 375,383 448,531 536,309 832,610 
Relative to Domestic 
Production % 80 279 334 442 761 
Share in Domestic 
Market % 50 76 80 83 89 
 
 Imports of P2, which was nearly 120 thousand pieces in 2003, increased by 214 per cent, 
19 per cent, 20 per cent and 55 per cent in the fo llowing years and exceeded the level of 830 thousand 
pieces in 2007.  A similar increasing trend was also followed by the ratio of imports to domestic production throughout the whole period.  The share of imports in the domestic market expanded 
significantly during the period of investigation.   
 
3. Product 3 (P3) 
Imports Unit 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Absolute Pieces 1,247,609 1,544,23 1 1,571,387 1,48 5,315 1,793,127 
Relative to Domestic 
Production % 1,035 1,209 1,189 1,891 3,609 
Share in Domestic 
Market % 92 92 92 95 97 
 
 Having recorded the level of 1.2 million pieces in  2003, imports of P3 rose by 24 per cent and 
2 per cent in the following two years.  In 2006, im ports fell by 5 per cent and afterwards approached G/SG/N/8/TUR/10, G/SG/N/9/TUR/4,  
G/SG/N/10/TUR/10, G/SG/N/11/TUR/11 Page 12 
 
 
  1.8 million pieces in 2007 with an increase by 21 per cent.   Also, the increase in the ratio of imports to 
domestic production is clearly seen from the figures  above.  Market share taken by imports, which 
remained unchanged in the first three years of inv estigation, expanded by 3 and 2 percentage points 
in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Imports dominated the domestic market in 2007 by a share of 97 per 
cent.   
 
4. Product 4 (P4) 
Imports Unit 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Absolute Pieces 186,161 441,015 392,396 494,521 514,518 
Relative to Domestic 
Production % 102 304 280 445 501 
Share in Domestic 
Market % 57 79 81 86 88 
 
 186 thousand pieces of P4 were imported in 2003. Imports recorded an increase by 137 per cent and a decrease by 11 per cent in the following two years, respectively.  Having risen by 26 per 
cent in 2006 and 4 per cent in 2007, imports reach ed the level of 514 thousand pieces at the end 
of 2007.  A similar increasing trend is also valid  for the ratio of imports to domestic production.  
Owing to these increases, imported products expande d their market share dramatically during the 
period of investigation.    
III. PRECISE DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT INVOLVED 
 The products concerned are food preparation a ppliances (grinders, mixers, blenders, complete 
sets, choppers and mincing appliances), toasters (con tact grills), hair dryers and handheld vacuum 
cleaners, all of which are designed for domestic use only.    
IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED MEASURE 
 It is proposed to impose definitive safeguard me asure in the form of fixed duty, which will be 
implemented against imports having CIF value lower than those shown in the threshold column of the 
table below.    
Fixed duty (USD per piece) 
HS Code Description of the Product Threshold
(USD per 
piece) 1st  
Year 2nd 
Year 3rd 
Year 
8509.40.00.00.11 Grinders 40 5 4.5 4 
8509.40.00.00.12 Mixers 40 5 4.5 4 
8509.40.00.00.13 Blenders 40 5 4.5 4 
8509.40.00.00.15 Complete sets 60 8 7 6 
8509.40.00.00.19 Choppers 40 5 4.5 4 
8509.80.00.00.11 Minci ng appliances 60 8 7 6 
8516.60.90.00.11 Toasters (Contact grills) 50 6 5.5 5 
8516.31.90.00.00 Hair dryers 40 5 4.5 4 
8508.11.00.00.19 Handheld vacuum cleaners 50 6 5.5 5 
  G/SG/N/8/TUR/10, G/SG/N/9/TUR/4,  
 G/SG/N/10/TUR/10, G/SG/N/11/TUR/11  Page 13 
 
 
  Below is the list of Developing Countries exclude d from the measures as they export less than 
3 per cent of imports to Turkey (Article 9.1 of the Agreement on Safeguards ) 
 
Afghanistan;  Algeria;  Antigua and Barbuda;  Angola;  Argentina;  American Samoa;  
Anguilla;  Antarctica;  Aruba;  Azerbaijan;  Barb ados;  Bangladesh;  Burkina Faso;  Bahrain;  
Burundi;  Benin;  Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela;  Brunei Darussalam;  Bolivia;  Brazil;  Bahamas;  
Bhutan;  Botswana;  Belize;  Bermuda;  Bouvet Isla nd;  British Virgin Islands;  British Indian Ocean 
Territory;  Democratic Republic of Congo;  Cent ral African Republic;  Congo;  Côte d'Ivoire;  
Cameroon;  Chad;  Colombia;  Costa Rica;  Cuba;  Cape Verde;  Cayman Islands;  Chile;  Christmas 
Islands;  Cocos Islands;  Cook Islands;  Djibouti; Do minica;  Dominican Republic;  Ecuador;  Egypt;  
Eritrea;  Ethiopia;  Fiji; Federated States of Micron esia;  Falkland Islands;  French Polynesia;  French 
Southern Territories;  Gabon;  Grenada;  Ghana;  Ga mbia;  Georgia;  Greenland;  Guinea;  Equatorial 
Guinea;  Guatemala;  Guinea-Bissau;  Guyana;  Gibraltar;  Guam;  Honduras;  Haiti;  Heard Island 
and McDonald Islands;  India;  Indonesia;  Iraq;  Iran (Islamic Republic of);  Jamaica;  Jordan;  
Kazakhstan;  Kenya;  Cambodia;  Kiribati;  Comoros;   St Kitts and Nevis;  Kuwait;  Kyrgyzstan;  
Laos;  Lebanon;  St Lucia;  Sri Lanka;  Liberia;  Lesotho;  Libyan Arab Jamahiriya;  Morocco;  Madagascar;  Marshall Islands;  Mali;  Moldova;  Mongolia;  Maurita nia;  Mauritius;  Malaysia;  
Maldives;  Malawi;  Mozambique;  Macao;  Mayotte;  Mexico;  Montserrat;  Namibia;  Niger;  Nigeria;  Nicaragua;  Nepal;  Nauru;  Netherlands  Antilles;  New Caledonia;  Niue Island;  Norfolk 
Island;  Northern Mariana Islands;  Oman;  Pana ma;  Peru;  Papua New Guinea;  Philippines;  
Pakistan;  Palau;  Paraguay;  Pitcairn;  Qatar;  Ru ssian Federation;  Rwanda;  Samoa;  Saudi Arabia;  
Solomon Islands;  Seychelles;  Sudan;  Sierra Le one;  Senegal;  Somalia;  Suriname;  Sao Tomé and 
Principe;  El Salvador;  Syrian Arab Republic;  Swaziland;  South Africa;  South Georgia and South 
Sandwich Islands;  St Hele na and dependencies;  St Pierre and Miquelon;  Tajikistan;  Thailand;  
Togo;  Tunisia;  Tonga;  East Timor;  Trinidad and Tobago;  Turkmenistan;  Tuvalu;  Tanzania;  
Tokelau;  Turks and Caicos Islands;  Ukraine;  United Arab Emirates;  United States Minor outlying 
islands;  Uganda;  Uruguay;  Uzbekistan;  St Vincen t;  Vietnam;  Vanuatu;  Virgin Islands of US;  
Wallis and Futuna Islands;  Yeme n;  Zambia and Zimbabwe.   
 
V. PROPOSED DATE OF INTRODUCTION OF THE MEASURE 
The investigation report was published in the Turkish Official Gazette on 10 August 2008.  
Application of the measure is pending ap proval of the Council of Ministers.   
 
VI. EXPECTED DURATION OF THE MEASURE 
 The expected duration of the proposed measure is three years.   
 VII. PROPOSED DATE FOR THE REVIEW  
 Not applicable.  
 
VIII.  EXPECTED TIMETABLE FOR PROGRESSIVE LIBERALIZATION OF THE 
MEASURE 
 In order to induce adjustment, the proposed measure will be subject to liberalization on a 
regular basis following its imposition, thereby ensuri ng that there is a strong incentive for domestic 
producers to undertake progressively the necessary restructuring and adjustment.  The proposed 
measure is to be progressively liberaliz ed as indicated in item IV above.   
 G/SG/N/8/TUR/10, G/SG/N/9/TUR/4,  
G/SG/N/10/TUR/10, G/SG/N/11/TUR/11 Page 14 
 
 
  IX. INFORMATION RELATING TO THE EXTENSION OF A SAFEGUARD MEASURE 
 Not applicable.  
  
 
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