WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  IP/C/W/452/Add.1 
6 October 2005 
 (05-4491) 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects 
of Intellectual Property Rights Original:   English 
 
 
 
REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 66.2 
OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT 
 
SWITZERLAND 
 
 
 The following communication, dated 27 Septem ber 2005, from the Delegation of Switzerland 
is being circulated pursuant to paragraph 1 of th e Decision on Implementation of Article 66.2 of the 
TRIPS Agreement. 
 
 
_______________ 
 
 
I. INTRODUCTION 
1. In paragraph 11.2 of the Decision on Impl ementation-Related Issues and Concerns 
(WT/MIN(01)/17), adopted in Doha on 14 November  2001, developed country Members reaffirmed 
their commitment to provide enterprises and in stitutions incentives to promote and encourage 
technology transfer to least-devel oped country Members (hereinafter referred to as LDCs), pursuant to 
Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement.  In its d ecision of 19 February 2003, the Council for TRIPS 
agreed that developed country Members shall submit  annually reports on actio ns taken or planned in 
pursuance of their commitments under Article 66.2.  Furthermore, it was agreed that new detailed 
reports shall be delivered every third year and that updates shall be provided in the intervening years. 
2. According to this obligation, taking the decision of the Council for TRIPS into account, 
Switzerland herewith submits its annual report, following the reports  that were submitted to the 
TRIPS Council in the years 2002 (IP/C/W/388/Add.3 of 14 November 2002), 2003 
(IP/C/W/412/Add.2 of 12 November 2003) and 2004 (IP/C/W/431/Add.2 of 17 November 2004). 
Reference is also made to information Switzerla nd submitted to the TRIPS Council on this issue in 
earlier contributions (Documents IP/C/W/132/ Add.5 of 26 April 2000 and JOB(01)/158 of 
22 November 2001).  
3. Switzerland's understanding of "technology tran sfer" includes, in addition to incentives and 
activities directed at the provision of technical equi pment in the industrial sector, capacity building in 
LDCs, technology transfer in the health sector and development of administrative institutions. 
Therefore, Switzerland provides incentives in numerous  sectors and is actively engaged in the field of 
training and research activities contributing to sustainable development in LDCs.  Switzerland believes that assistance in sustainable developmen t of LDCs should be comprehensive and not be 
limited to certain areas. 
 IP/C/W/452/Add.1 
Page 2  
 
 II. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES INVOLVED IN THE PROVISION OF INCENTIVES 
FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 
4. There are mainly two Swiss government agencies involved in the provision of incentives, 
either directly or indirectly, for Swiss as well as for other developed country Members' enterprises and 
institutions to engage in activities involving technolog y transfer to LDCs.  These two agencies are the 
Swiss Agency for Development and Co-operation (SDC) and the State Secretariat for Economic 
Affairs (SECO).  They are jointly responsible for the formulation and implementation of Swiss 
international development cooperation policy.  While the SDC assumes the overall coordination 
function in matters pertaining to development, SECO is a competence centre for economic 
development and the integration of developing a nd transition countries into the world economy.  
5. Another agency involved in technology transf er activities of Switzerland is the Swiss 
National Science Foundation (SNSF).  Acting on a manda te issued by the Swiss Federal Government, 
the SNSF supports research inside and outside univers ities and fosters young scientific talent.  On an 
international level, the Swiss National Science Foundation aims with its research programmes, to 
make a positive contribution to scientific research in  the relevant areas of the world and to promote 
research cooperation between these areas and Switzerla nd.  At present, the Swiss National Science 
Foundation has a project in collaboration with th e SDC focused on research partnerships with 
developing countries, encompassing seve ral projects in LDCs (see Annex II). 
III. LEVELS OF SWISS ACTIVITIES PROM OTING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO 
LDCS 
6. Switzerland's activities and incentives regarding technology transfer aim at increasing the 
flow of technology to developing countries and at  building up capacities which enable beneficiary 
countries to assess, adopt, manage and apply technologies.  The activities supported by the Swiss government embrace projects at the bila teral, regional and multilateral levels. 
7. SECOs and SDCs activities relevant to Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement are carried out 
under the Swiss Official Development Assistan ce Programme (ODA-Progra mme).  The Swiss ODA-
Programme includes bilateral, regional and multilatera l initiatives and is primarily aimed at a selected 
group of priority countries in Latin America, A frica, Central and South East Asia and Southeastern 
Europe.  Many of the projects contract Swiss as we ll as other deve loped country Members' enterprises 
and institutions to provide thei r knowledge and technology in assis ting the development of human 
capital, infrastructure and private-sector enterprises in LDCs. 
8. At the multilateral level, Switzerland contributes to a variety of technical assistance trust 
funds with the World Bank Group and the regional development banks.  These funds are available to 
project managers of these Banks seeking funding for technical assistance and technology transfer. 
Besides cooperation with these financ ial institutions, Switzerland is al so engaged in the development 
projects of many other international organiza tions such as WHO, UNIDO, WIPO, UNDP, FAO, 
IFAD and CGIAR. 
9. Switzerland supports various bilateral and multilate ral projects in order to promote investment 
as well as the efficiency and effectiveness of trade.  In investment promotion, the incentives of the 
Swiss ODA aim at mobilizing private capital, know-h ow and technologies to strengthen the financial 
intermediation system in LDCs as well as tr ansferring know-how and technology to foster 
investments or joint ventures.  Concerning trade pr omotion, Switzerland cooperates mostly with other 
bilateral or multilateral agencies. 
  IP/C/W/452/Add.1 
 Page 3 
 
 
 IV. INSTRUMENTS FOR THE PROMOTION OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 
10. One of the main goals of Switzerland's ec onomic and trade-rela ted cooperation with 
developing and transitional countries is the transf er of modern technology and of capital to those 
countries, to better enable them to upgrade thei r production facilities to the requirements of world 
markets and to become more competitive in the globa l economy.  The promotion of investment and of 
cooperation agreements between the private sectors in the North, South and East is an important 
instrument of development policy, which is pr imarily intended to help these countries reach a 
sustainable level of development. 
1. Support of Private-Sector Investments in LDCs 
11. Switzerland promotes technology transfer to LD Cs by supporting small and medium-sized 
enterprises (SMEs) in several ways.  For instance,  it provides localized technical support for SME's 
domiciled in LDCs, particularly Bangladesh, Benin and Mali.  In Bangladesh, Switzerland spends 
about CHF 13 million annually for development project s, part of which on technical and financial 
support for SMEs. 
12. Switzerland also encourages Swiss SMEs to inv est in LDCs in order to enhance technology 
transfer to LDCs.  The role of the Swiss Organization for Facilitating Investments (SOFI) is to 
promote investment projects between companies in Switzerland and OECD countries and counterparts 
in developing and trans ition countries, and to enable the tran sfer of capital, technological know-how 
and managerial expertise through this process.  SOFI has framewo rk agreements with 60 countries 
(located in Africa, the Middle East, Latin Ameri ca, Asia, Central Europe, Eastern Europe and the 
CIS) where it is mandated to promote investments.  SOFI is a one-stop shop providing SMEs with the 
full range of services required to meet the challenge s they face when investing in LDCs.  SOFI has 
actively supported SME activities in LDCs or countri es in transition through more than 300 projects, 
such as mango processing in Burkina Fa so or coffee processing in Zambia. 
13. Switzerland is one of the investors of the "Fonds  de Garantie des Investissements Privés en 
Afrique de l'Ouest (GARI)".  The goal of this fund is to facilitate access of private enterprises to loans 
by guaranteeing the risks for such  operations.  The fund provides guarantees to enterprises active in 
industrial manufacturing, agro-industry, fishery, mini ng, tourism, agriculture and services.  Eligible to 
the fund are enterprises from, among others, Benin,  Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea, 
Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, and Sierra Leone.  
14. Switzerland granted CHF 5.4 million to the A frican Project Development Facility (APDF), 
CHF 4.2 million in the Mozambique SME Initiative, and CHF 5.4 million to the Mekong Project 
Development Facility.  All three facilities assist SMEs  in a variety of areas such as business planning, 
identifying potential lenders or investors, mark eting strategy, technical and operational assistance, 
quality control and certification, accounting and manage ment information systems, etc.  Beneficiaries 
are the enterprises in LDCs in the Sub-Saharan and Mekong (including Laos and Cambodia) regions.  
15. Finally, the Swiss Government also provides l ong-term financing for sm all and medium-sized 
enterprises in LDCs through private equity fund s investments.  These funds provide equity 
investments for SMEs in the target countries and combine the investment with a broad range of 
technical assistance to the invest ee companies such as skill development, improvements in financial 
and accounting systems, assisting in marketing and distribution, risk assessment, implementing IT systems, etc.  Examples include the Aureos East Africa Fund (CHF 8.4 million), the Ghana Fidelity Funds (CHF 4.8 million), the African Infrastructure Fund (CHF 12 million), the Mekong Enterprise 
Fund (CHF 3.6 million), and the Vietnam Equity Fund (CHF 3.6 million).  
 IP/C/W/452/Add.1 
Page 4  
 
 2. Commercial Establishment of LDCs Compan ies in Switzerland and other Developed 
Countries 
16. With its "Swiss Import Promotion Programme" (SIPPO), Switzerland supports commercial 
establishment of companies from LDCs  in Switzerland or other industrialized countries.  By its trade 
promotion activities, SIPPO helps SMEs in deve loping countries and countries in transition to 
improve their market access to Switzerland and the European Union.  It also assists Swiss importers 
find new products and sources.  For example, as a result of the partnership between the SIPPO and 
Bangladesh, products from Bangladesh benefit fr om improved market access in Switzerland. 
Additionally, in order to promote consumer awareness for such products, Switzerland provides 
services such as marketing consultancy, business pa rtner search, training in export marketing and 
support for participation in trade fairs to companies domiciled in LDCs. 
3. Financial Assistance and Export Risk Guarantees 
17. Switzerland also provides non-reimbursable Financial Assistance (grants) to LDCs for the 
construction, rehabilitation or extension of infrastru cture in LDCs.  The Swiss grant contribution to 
these projects also covers the transfer of technol ogy, consulting services for project implementation, 
as well as expertise for institutional (managerial) refo rms and sector reforms.  A special focus is given 
to the establishment of public private pa rtnerships for infrastructure services.  
18. The Swiss Export Risk Guarantee Agency (ERGA) provides a system of export risk 
guarantees for goods and services destined for LDCs.  Export risk guarantees facilitate exports to 
LDCs and ensure a constant technology transfer.   
4. Trade and Clean Technology Cooperation 
19. Recently, Switzerland concentrated much effort on promoting the transfer of environmentally 
sound technologies.  A comprehensive programme for the establishment of so-called "Cleaner Production Centres" was set up.  The aim of the cent res is to offer private companies and the public 
sector in LDCs a wide range of services including general information, in-plant assessments, workshops, demonstration projects, capacity build ing and support for the preparation of bankable 
projects.  The Centres provide these services with the support of Swiss and other developed country 
Members' technical institutes, universities and indus tries.  Two four-year programmes in the amount 
of US$1 million each have been established in this field with Cambodia and Laos. 
20. Switzerland also supports programmes in the fi eld of energy efficiency, which aim at 
mitigating CO
2 emissions globally and controlling air pollution locally.  These projects are related to 
the traffic and transportation sector and to small and medium size industries (e.g. foundry, glass and 
brick industries).  The main objective is to strengt hen local partners (capacity building) and to pool 
international expertise in order to develop locally  adequate solutions (technology packages).  These 
pilot programmes are then evaluated, documented and disseminated at the national level.  In addition, 
we support transfer of know-how, training and infrast ructure in the field of environment monitoring 
and chemicals management.  
21. Recognizing that the Kyoto Mechanisms (Joint Implementation, Clean Development 
Mechanism and International Emission Trading) can  facilitate greenhouse gas emissions reduction in 
non-Annex I countries by providing financial incentiv es for Annex I investment in climate protection 
projects outside their national borders, Switzerland and the World Bank jointly launched the National 
Strategy Study Programme in September 1997.  The aim of the Programme was to assist non-Annex I countries in defining their negotiation positions and to develop national strategies regarding these 
emerging international market incentive instrument s, which will facilitate technology transfer to 
developing and transition c ountries, including LDCs.   IP/C/W/452/Add.1 
 Page 5 
 
 
 22. By specific trade facilitation programmes, Switz erland promotes the integration of LDCs in 
the global economy.  Mozambique is supported to  enhance the competitiveness of major selected 
agro-products such as cashew  nuts, fruits and vegetables and to ac hieve international standards such 
as HACCP or EUREPGAP.  Relevant ministries and state agencies in Mozambique get on-the-job training to define a national cotton-processing stra tegy.  The programme with Tanzania includes 
export development of specialty coffee and cashew nu ts, and aims at improving the country's quality 
infrastructure (e.g. the Tanzanian Bureau of Sta ndards;  Weights and Measure Agency;  Tanzania 
Food and Drug Authority) to assure compliance w ith international TBT/SPS system requirements. 
5. Training 
23. Another important focus of Swiss know-how transfer activities is the teaching of personnel 
from LDCs.  Capacity building is an important part of every technology transfer project.  In addition, 
Switzerland is carrying out training programmes specifi cally to benefit LDCs.  For example, qualified 
applicants from LDCs regularly attend an intell ectual property training course normally held every 
year for three months in three successive places:  first at the WIPO headquarters in Geneva, then at 
the "Centre d'Etudes Internationales de la Propriété Industrielle" in Strasbourg and finally at the Swiss 
Federal Institute of Intellectual Property in Berne. 
24. The Swiss Tropical Institute offers a postgra duate diploma course titled "Health Care and 
Management in Tropical Countries".  More than half of the participants in this course regularly come 
from LDCs.  Their participation is possible tha nks to the scholarships offered by the Swiss 
Government. 
6. Research Activities 
25. Another kind of technology transfer, which Switzerland engages in is collaborating with 
international organizations and/or with LDCs directly in research, particularly in the public health 
domain.  For example, the Swiss Tropical Institute  and other Swiss institutions provide advice and 
assistance to WHO for its "Roll-Back Malaria" pr ogramme.  The programme aims at halving the 
world's malaria burden by the year 2010. 
7. Other Instruments 
26. In addition to the activities mentioned above , Switzerland has also engaged in capacity 
building and technology transfer to developing and least-developed countries according to the 
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its  provisions on access and benefit sharing. 
Switzerland is also supporting UNCTAD's BioTra de initiative, which shall promote trade and 
investments in products and services derived from the sustainable use of biodiversity. 
V. DOMAINS OF SWISS TECHNOL OGY TRANSFER ACTIVITIES 
27. Switzerland promotes technology transfer in domains that are of most importance to the 
LDCs.  Specifically, the Swiss government fosters technol ogy transfer to LDCs in the fields of public 
health, drinking water supply, agriculture, food i ndustry, machine industry, textiles, chemical 
industry, ecotechnology and intellectual property prot ection.  For an overview of ongoing projects, 
see Annex II. 
28. Switzerland also promotes technology transfer to LDCs in domains in which it has special 
expertise.  These include the machine industry as well as the manufacturing of precision instruments and chemical products.  The promotion of transfer  of environmentally-sound technologies to LDCs is 
another domain in which Switzerland is active.  He re, the goal is to transfer both knowledge and IP/C/W/452/Add.1 
Page 6  
 
 methods which help meet envir onmental standards.  These programmes focus particularly on 
technology transfer in the metal, pape r, cement, food and textile industry. 
29. In the public health sector, the Swiss Govern ment encourages technology transfer between 
Switzerland and other LDCs in various ways incl uding research funding, consulting and assistance. 
Switzerland spends about CHF 35 million annually on technolog y transfer to Mozambique, 
particularly in the domains of public health and sustainable water supply. 
30. Finally, Switzerland offers LDCs assistance in pr eparing and enforcing laws on the protection 
of intellectual property rights.  It also supports th e LDCs domestic offices executing these tasks.  The 
Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property offe rs state-of-the-art searches free of charge for 
LDCs, and, by doing so, encourages innovative enterp rises and industries in LDCs to use the patent 
system, to benefit from the information which can be gathered through this system as well as to 
protect their own inventions, encouraging thereby the building of technological capacity in LDCs. 
Switzerland is also actively involved in the exchan ge of information regarding the protection and 
administration of intellectual property rights with  LDCs.  In September 2004, the Swiss Federal 
Institute of Intellectual Property gave a presentation of the intellectual property rights system in a 
workshop on acquisition and management of IP rights from universities and research and 
development institutions.  Participants came from th e following LDCs:  Benin, Burkina Faso, Central 
African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, 
Senegal and Togo. 
31. In December 2004, the Swiss Federal Institu te of Intellectual Property gave several 
presentations on the promotion of innovation and its management to representatives of OAPI, 
ASEAN, CEEC.  The following LDCs participated: Benin, Burkina Faso, Laos, Madagascar, Mali, 
Niger and Togo. 
VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS 
32. Concluding, Switzerland would like to confirm again its commitment to actively engage in 
the provision of incentives for an enhanced tec hnology transfer to LDCs and its willingness to 
continuously improve its activities in this regard.  However, it should also be kept in mind that 
government incentives to provide technology transfer to third countries are only one of many factors relevant to companies' decisions on where to direct their foreign investments and to transfer their technology.  Some of the other decisive fact ors are favourable overall macro and microeconomic 
terms and conditions, a safe legal framework, (including adequate pr otection of intellectual property 
rights, an accountable judicial system and a well-functioning government administration) and market 
potential at the national level in a third country.  These factors are often directly related to the level of 
development in a specific country.  Multilateral initia tives to relieve countries of heavy debts and with 
clear policies for poverty reduction and economic development are also conducive to technology 
transfer and capacity development.  Multilateral in itiatives to relieve countries of heavy debts along 
with clear policies for poverty alleviation and sust ainable development both enable LDCs to actively 
participate in technology transfer and capacity building initiatives under Article 66.2 of the TRIPS 
Agreement.  IP/C/W/452/Add.1 
 Page 7 
 
 
 ANNEX I - SWISS INCENTIVES FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN LDCS BY 
COUNTRY AND PROJECT 
Comment:  The activities supported by the Swiss government embrace projects at the bilateral, 
regional and multilateral levels. 
 
Country Field Knowledge/ 
Technology Mechanism Annual budget 
approx. 
Bangladesh Water and 
sanitation (Public health) Prevention and 
treatment of infectious diseases Backstopping by 
University of Bern CHF 40,000  
Bangladesh Water and 
sanitation (Public health) Arsenic mitigation in 
water.  Arsenic free water harvesting technologies by 
SAKT, test kits by 
EAWAG Local adaptation of 
technologies with support from SKAT and EAWAG 
Research in Switzerland 
in collaboration with Bangladeshi partners CHF 70,000 
Burkina Faso Waste water Technology and 
Know-how in waste water management, by the Swiss Federal 
Institute of 
Technology, Lausanne Training Courses in 
Lausanne  Participation of consultants in 
programme in the 
country  CHF 1,160,000 
Burkina Faso Water and 
environment (Waste) Water 
management, by Swiss Federal Institute of 
Technology, 
Lausanne Education of engineers 
and technicians, in Switzerland and Burkina Faso CHF 1,000,000 
Madagascar Rural 
development Participatory bottom 
up approaches (Know-how and expertise) by IC Consultancy project 
management CHF 3,500,000 
Mali Vocational 
training Know-how in school 
management, curricula 
development, 
particular professional know-how by Swisscontact Development of 
vocational training centres in Burkina Faso 
Support to association of 
handicraft groups Consultants work with national staff Project management by Swisscontact CHF 1,000,000 
Mali Promotion of 
trade in organic 
cotton Marketing knowledge 
Establishment of 
direct links between producers in Mali and importers in Switzerland Consultants work with 
the marketing boards 
and with local producers. CHF 710,000 
Mozambique Health system Community based 
care, by Solidarmed Consultancy, 
backstopping CHF 500,000 IP/C/W/452/Add.1 
Page 8  
 
 Country Field Knowledge/ 
Technology Mechanism Annual budget 
approx. 
Mozambique Rural 
development Reorientation of rural 
development based on private initiatives.  Implemented by 
Helvetas, backstopping by Center for Development and 
Environment (Bern 
University) CHF 3,000,000 
Mozambique Health system Setup of ARV-
treatment programme, capacity building, by MSF Switzerland. Consultancy, 
backstopping CHF 700,000 
Mozambique Governance Decentralisation – 
support to local 
administrative 
structures Bern University, 
backstopping CHF 1,200,000 
Mozambique Trade 
Facilitation Enhancing 
competitiveness in cashew nuts, fruits and vegetables Consultancy CHF 200,000 
Mozambique Trade policy Definition of a 
national strategy on cotton-processing Consultancy CHF 200,000 
Nepal Energy Improve energy 
efficiency in the brick 
sector by technology 
transfers Implemented by Skat 
Consulting CHF 770,000 
Niger Rural 
development Establishment of 
funds for local investments in rural development, by SEREC Consultants work with 
local staff and population CHF 2,300,000 
Tanzania Water Supply 
and Sanitation Efficient Water 
Production;  
Transfer of state of 
the art water treatment equipment; Improvement of managerial capacities; 
 Assistance in setting up 
a Public Private 
Partnership (Build, 
Lease, Operate);  Financing of equipment; Improvement of maintenance planning, financial and investment 
planning through a 
Service Contract CHF 4,500,000 
Tanzania Health Reform of health 
system in city of Dar-es-salam; Prevention of tropical diseases (Malaria). 
Technologies and 
expertise by the Swiss Tropical Institute (Basel) Training courses in 
Basel; Consultancy, backstopping CHF 6,000,000  IP/C/W/452/Add.1 
 Page 9 
 
 
 Country Field Knowledge/ 
Technology Mechanism Annual budget 
approx. 
Tanzania Transportation 
infrastructure Construction of 
bridges and roads. technologies and know-how by ITECO ITECO staff in 
Tanzania, consultancy CHF 2,000,000 
Tanzania Trade 
Facilitation Export development 
of specialty coffee and cashew nuts Consultancy, 
backstopping CHF 600,000 
Tanzania Quality 
infrastructure Assure compliance 
with TBT/SPS system requirements Consultancy, 
backstopping CHF 800,000 IP/C/W/452/Add.1 
Page 10  
 
 ANNEX II - RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP OF SNSF WITH LDCS 
After a first call for projects in 1999, the program Research Partnerships with Developing Countries 
of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) and the Federal Agency for Development and 
Cooperation (SDC) has been renewed in 2004 Th e SNSF and the SDC jointly assessed the proposals 
for scientific value and relevance to development a nd for compliance with the requirements of a true 
research partnership.  The research projects will start in October 2005 for a duration of three years.  
The following partnerships with LDC institutions were approved: 
 
Approved research partnerships with LDCs (as of September 2005) 
 
Country Field Swiss Partner Principal 
Partner  Project budget
Democratic Republic of Congo Nutrient cycling and methane 
production in Lake Kivu. Department of Lim
nology, EAWAG, Zurich Institut 
supérieur Pédagogique de Bukavu CHF 326,430 
Cameroon Taxonomy and biology of jumping 
plant-lice (Hemiptera: psyllodidea) of Cameroon, including pests of cultivated plants 
and forest timber and strategies for 
an integrated pest managment. Natural History 
Museum, Basle University of 
Yaoudé Laboratory of Zoology CHF 90,000 
Ghana Investigations on lesser-used 
Timber species for the 
construction of light bridges. Berne University 
of Applied 
Sciences, 
School of  Architecture, Civil and Wood Engineering, Biel University of 
Science and 
Technology, 
Kumasi CHF 393,000 
Laos Food-borne trematodiasis: role in 
hepatobiliar and intestinal morbidity and risk patterns for infection in ecological and socio-economic distinct settings of 
Southeast Asia. Swiss Tropical 
Institute, Basle National 
Institute of Public Health, Vientiane CHF 447,890 
Mali Vulnerability and new 
competences: The double challenge for young people and the institutions of Mali.  Laboratory of 
Economic and Social Demography, 
University of 
Geneva Institut 
supérieur de formation appliquée 
Université de 
Bamako CHF 237,300 
Senegal Use of waste in urban agriculture 
in the Dakar area, Senegal: an interdisciplinary study towards 
sustainability. Faculty of Earth 
Sciences and Environment 
University of 
Lausanne Institut 
fondamental d'Afrique 
noire 
Université C.A. Diop, Dakar CHF 374,740  IP/C/W/452/Add.1 
 Page 11 
 
 
 Country Field Swiss Partner Principal 
Partner  Project budget
Tanzania Understanding and improving 
malaria diagnosis in health facilities in Dar es Salaam. Swiss Tropical 
Institute, Basle Dar El Salaam 
City Medical Office CHF 517,860 
 
__________