RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
21 July 2005 
 
 (05-3252) 
Council for Trade in Services 
Special Session Original:   Spanish 
 
 
 
COLOMBIA 
 
Revised Initial Conditional Offer  
 
 
 The following revised initial conditional offe r was received from the delegation of Colombia 
on 30 June 2005 with the request that it be circulat ed to the Members of the Council for Trade in 
Services.  
_______________ 
  I. INTRODUCTION 
1. The Republic of Colombia hereby submits to  the members of the Council for Trade in 
Services its "Revised Initial Conditional Offer of Specific Commitments on Services". This offer has 
been prepared in accordance with the negotiating guidelines established in document S/L/92 and the 
conventions for the scheduling of commitments set out in documents JOB(02)/88 and JOB(05)/6. 
2. In conformity with Article 1.3(b) and (c) of the General Agreement on Trade in Services 
(GATS), services supplied in the exercise of governmental authority are not included in this offer. 
3. This offer is not a legal text and is submitte d solely for the purpose of negotiation in the 
context of paragraphs 47 and 49 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration, especially in the light of the 
need to achieve an overall balance in the out come of all World Trade Organization (WTO) 
negotiations. 
4. Furthermore, pursuant to Article VI of the GA TS, Colombia reserves the right to establish, 
maintain and fully implement its national legislation in order to achieve legitimate policy objectives in 
areas such as consumer protection, health and the environment, inter alia .  Colombia likewise 
reserves the right to revise or amend this offer in  the light of the outcome of the market access 
negotiations and the work of the Working Party on GATS Rules and the Working Party on Domestic 
Regulation. 
5. Colombia reiterates that this offer is conditi onal and that it therefore reserves the right to 
withdraw, amend or supplement all or part of the commitments undertaken in it at any time prior to 
the conclusion of the negotiations. It also reserv es the right to submit technical amendments or 
corrections. 
II. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
6. This offer by Colombia enhan ces the transparency of the co mmitments in its initial offer 
through the proper scheduling of horizontal commitments. TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 2  
 
 7. Colombia has adjusted its commitments under Mode 4 in accordance with document 
TN/S/W/31. 
 
III. SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
8. This offer by Colombia enhan ces the transparency of the co mmitments in its initial offer 
through the proper scheduling of sectoral commitments and the appropriate classification of the 
various services subsectors. 
9. All of the subsectors included in the initia l offer under hydrocarbon services and mining 
services, as part of "Other business services", have be en carefully assessed and relocated in the sectors 
corresponding to the following: "Services incidental to mining - CPC 883", "Related scientific and 
technical consulting services - CPC 8675", "Technical  testing and analysis services - CPC 8676", 
"Integrated engineering services - CPC 8673", "Leasi ng or rental services concerning other machinery 
and equipment without operator - CPC 83109", "Construction work for civil engineering - CPC 513" and "Engineering services - CPC 8672". The aim of this was to broaden the scope of Colombia's existing commitments and provide them with gr eater legal certainty, clarity and comparability. 
10. Telecommunications services were classified on the basis of Colombian legislation and re-
grouped into three major categories: (1) basic service s, including tele-services and carrier services, (2) 
value-added services and (3) facilities-based services  for non-public use. Colombia recognizes the 
importance of the telecommunications sector as a platform promoting economic development. This offer therefore reflects significant progress in mark et access, including the elimination of economic 
need tests and legal form requirements. 
11. In the light of Colombia's desire to promote th e progressive liberalization of trade in services, 
this offer includes fresh market access commit ments and bindings in the sectors of professional 
services, research and development services, leasing or rental services without operator, other business services, telecommunications services, c onstruction and related engineering services, 
education services, tourism and travel-related services and air transport services. 
12. Colombia is ready to comment on or clar ify any doubts concerning this revised initial 
conditional offer.  Queries should be addressed to the Permanent Mission of Colombia to the WTO at 
Geneva or to the Colombian Ministry of Trad e, Industry and Tourism (Foreign Investment and 
Services Department).  
_______________ 
 
  
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 3COLOMBIA - REVISED INITIAL CONDITIONAL OFFER 
 
Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
 
ALL SECTORS INCLUDED IN 
THIS SCHEDULE    
 3) Foreign investment is allowed in all sectors of 
the economy except for investment projects in activities relating to national defence and the 
processing and disposal of toxic, hazardous or 
radioactive waste not produced in Colombia. 
   
  With regard to foreign corporations, a tax 
exists on remittanc es of profits.   Colombia 
considers that this tax is compatible with the 
provisions of the General Agreement on 
Trade in Services, in particular with the 
footnote to Article XIV(d), and therefore it is 
not specified or scheduled in this offer.  
 
Unappropriat ed land along the Colombian 
coastlines and in the border regions with 
neighbouring countries may be awarded solely 
to Colombians by birth.  Unappropriated land 
thus acquired cannot be transferred to 
foreigners.   
 With regard to foreign corporations, a tax 
exists on remittances of profits. 
 
   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 4 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
  In the islands of the San Andrés and 
Providencia Archipelago, the acquisition of 
real property by foreigners, as well as 
immigration and human settlements, are 
governed by special provisions for which all 
relevant re servations are established here.  
 
Colombia reserves the right to adopt or 
maintain measures related to the acquisition 
by foreigners of a title or other principal or 
accessory real right over movable property in 
the border regions, along the Colombian 
coastlines or in the Archipelago Department 
of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa 
Catalina. 
   
 4) Any employer with a staff of more than ten 
employees must employ Colombians in a proportion of not less than 90 per cent of the 
staff of ordinary employees and not less than 
80 per cent of the skilled employees or 
specialists, administrative staff or persons in 
posts of responsibility. 
 
Unbound, except for measures affecting the 
entry and temporary stay of natural persons in  
any of the following categories: 
 
Manag ers, legal representatives and technical 
specialists, with the exception of the 
professional services subsectors.  
 4) Unbound, except for the measures indicated 
in the market access column.   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 5Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
 A. INTRA-CORPOR ATE TRANSFEREES 
Employees of an organization 
(company/partnership/firm) established in the 
territory of a WTO Member who are 
transferred temporarily for the supply of a 
service through commercial presence (either 
through a representative office, branch, 
subsidiary or affiliate) in Colombia. 
 
"Employees" refers to:  
Executives: those who primarily direct the 
management of the organization and exercise 
wide latitude in decision-making. 
 
Managers: those who primarily direct the 
organization/department/subdivision and 
exercise supervisory an d control functions 
over other supervisory, managerial or 
professional staff. 
 
Specialists: those who possess knowledge at 
an advanced level of expertise essential to the 
establishment/provision of the service and/or 
possess proprietary knowledge of the 
organization.   
 
Such persons are authorized to stay in Colombia 
for a period of up to two (2) years per entry. 
    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 6 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
 B. BUSINESS  VISITORS 
 
Legal, managerial or executive representative of 
a foreign trading, industrial or services company 
with an economic link to a foreign or domestic 
company in Colombia engaged in business 
management activities rel ated to the interests 
which it represents, such as, attending partners' 
meetings, conducting business and supervising 
the running of the companies with which the 
legal, strategic and economic link exists. 
 
Such persons may not establish domicile in 
national territory and th e activities in which 
they are engaged may not generate the payment 
of fees, salaries or any other type of 
remuneration in Colombia. 
 
Stays of up to six (6) months are authorized for 
business visitors. 
   
 
  
 1), 2), 3) and 4) Unbound, with regard to 
the granting of subsidies or support to 
domestic services providers. 
  
  
 1), 2), 3) and 4) Colombia may adopt or 
maintain any measure according rights 
or preferences to its ethnic minorities. 
Colombian legislation provides that 
ethnic minorities include indigenous 
peoples, the Afro-Colombian population, 
the Raizal people and the Rom people. 
   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
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Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
II. SECTOR-SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES    
A. Professional services 
    
a) Legal services  
 (CPC 861)  
 Only legal advisory services 
in foreign legislation and international legislation 
(excludes advice and 
litigation in national law) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Unbound  None  
4) Unbound  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  1) None 
2) None 
3) Unbound  None  
4) Unbound  Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.   
b) Accounting and  
book-keeping services  (CPC 862) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) In public accounting companies, at least 80 per 
cent of part ners must be public accountants and 
the legal representative shall be a public 
accountant when all partners are public 
accountants.  None 1) Unbound  
2) None 3) Registration as an accountant is required, for 
which it is necessary to be a Colombian 
national having the exercise of civil rights or an alien domiciled in Colombia for at least 
three years prior to the application. and 
satisfy the following requirements : Evidence 
of accounting experience of not less than 
one (1) year, acquired in Colombia either 
during or upon completion of studies in 
public accountancy, is required.    
   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
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Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
  a) Possess the degree of public accountant 
from a Colombian University, show 
evidence of experience in activities 
relating to accounting in general of not 
less than one year, acqu ired 
simultaneously with or subsequently to 
the above studies.  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
4) Unbound  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 b) Or possess the degree of public 
accountant or an equivalent title issued 
by foreign institutions of countries with  
which Colombia has signed agreements 
on recognition of degrees and endorsed 
by the duly authorized governmental 
body.  
4) Unbound  Unbound, except as indicated in 
the horizontal section.   
c) Tax advisory services  
 (CPC 863) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
d) Management consulting 
services  
(CPC 865)  
 1) Unbound  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
 1) Unbound  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section  Technical amendment:  this 
subsector was relocated for 
the sake of alignment with 
the W/120 classification.   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
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Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
d) Architectural services  
 (CPC 8671) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
e) Engineering services  
 (CPC 8672) 1) None 
2) None 
3) Unbound  None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) Unbound  None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
f) Integrated engineering 
services  
(CPC 8673) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
g) Urban planning and 
landscape architectural 
services  (CPC 8674) 1) None 
2) None 
3) Unbound 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) Unbound 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
B. Computer and related 
services 
    
a) Consultancy services related 
to the installation of 
computer hardware  
(CPC 841) 
  1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
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Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
b) Software implementation 
services  (CPC 842) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
c) Data-processing services  
 (CPC 843) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
d) Database services  
 (CPC 844) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
C. Research and development 
services 
    
a) Research and development 
services on physical 
sciences (CPC 85101) 1) None  Unbound 
2) None  Unbound  
3) None, except that mechanisms and 
incentives are established to encourage 
transfer of technology and appropriation of 
knowledge by local firms, with the involvement, where possible, of recognized 
research groups and centres. 
4) Unbound, except  as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 1) None  Unbound 
2) None  Unbound  
3) None, except that mechanisms and 
incentives are established to encourage 
transfer of technology and appropriation 
of knowledge by local firms, with the involvement, where possible, of recognized 
research groups and centres. 
4) Unbound, except  as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
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b) Research and development 
services on social sciences and humanities  
(CPC 852) 1) None  Unbound 
2) None  Unbound 
3) None, except that mechanisms and 
incentives are established to encourage 
transfer of technology and appropriation of knowledge by local firms, with the 
involvement, where possible, of recognized 
research groups and centres. 
4) Unbound, except  as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  1) None  Unbound 
2) None  Unbound 
3) None, except that mechanisms and 
incentives are established to encourage 
transfer of technology and appropriation of knowledge by local firms, with the 
involvement, where possible, of recognized 
research groups and centres. 
4) Unbound, except  as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
c) Interdisciplinary research 
and development services 
(CPC 853). These include 
research services and their 
technological applications 
that involve a variety of 
disciplines and areas of  
knowledge, including their 
use for social purposes.  1) None  Unbound 
2) None  Unbound 
3) None, except that mechanisms and 
incentives are established to encourage transfer of technology and appropriation of 
knowledge by local firms, with the 
involvement, where possible, of recognized research groups and centres. 
4) Unbound, except  as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) None  Unbound 
2) None  Unbound 
3) None, except that mechanisms and 
incentives are established to encourage transfer of technology and appropriation 
of knowledge by local firms, with the 
involvement, where possible, of recognized research groups and centres. 
4) Unbound, except  as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
E. Leasing or rental services 
without operator 
    
c) Rental/leasing services  
Leasing or rental services 
concerning other means of 
transport without operator 
(CPC 83101+83102+83105)1) Unbound  None  
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) Unbound  None  
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
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Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
d) Leasing or rental services 
concerning other 
machinery and equipment 
(CPC 83106-83109) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
F. Other business services 
    
b) Market research and 
public opinion polling 
services  
(CPC 864) 1) Unbound  
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except  as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 1) Unbound  
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except  as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
c) Management consulting 
services  
(CPC 865)  1) Unbound  None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except  as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) Unbound  None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except  as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
d) Services related to 
management consulting  
(CPC 866) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
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e) Technical testing and 
analysis services  (CPC 8676)  1) Unbound 
2) None  Unbound 
3) None 
 
  
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) Unbound 
2) None  Unbound  
3) None. In order for a foreign firm to carry 
out technical testing and analysis work, 
the service provision contract must 
contain clauses ensuring technology 
transfer to local firms.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
h) Services incidental to 
mining 
(CPC 883+5115) 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
k) Placement and supply 
services of personnel  
(CPC 872) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
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Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
m) Related scientific and 
technical consulting 
services  
CPC 8675) 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) None, except that mechanisms and 
incentives are established to encourage 
transfer of technology and appropriation of 
knowledge by local firms, with the 
involvement, where possible, of recognized 
research groups and centres. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) None, except that mechanisms and 
incentives are established to encourage 
transfer of technology and appropriation 
of knowledge by local firms, with the 
involvement, where possible, of 
recognized research groups and centres. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
n) Equipment cleaning and 
repair services  
(CPC 633+8861-8866) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
o) Building-cleaning services 
(CPC 874)  1) Unbound  Unbound*  
2) None  Unbound*  
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  1) Unbound  Unbound*  
2) None  Unbound*  
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
q) Packaging services  
(CPC 876) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
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r) Printing and publishing 
(CPC 88442) 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
1Hydrocarbon services  
    
In geology, geophysics, 
geochemistry  
    
Seismic  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Basin outline surveys  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Magnetometric surveys  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
                                                      
1 Colombia reserves the right, in the course of the current nego tiations, to relocate the commitments included in this paragraph in the light of the progress and results 
achieved in the ongoing discussions in the WTO regar ding the various classifica tion proposals for energy -related services.   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
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Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
Gravimetric surveys  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
  
Photogeology  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section .  
Satellite positioning  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section..  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Remote sensors  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as  indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Biostratigraphic services  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
  
Acquisition of information on sub -
soil geology  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the  
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
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Map-making  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
1In drilling of hydrocarbon wells  
    
Supply of dril ling equipment and 
corresponding tests  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Drilling of wells  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Drilling fluids  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Taking, processing and 
interpretation of samples  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated  in the 
 horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
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Coring, cementing, casing  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Fishing services  1) None  
2) None 
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Directional well services  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Supply of well cementation and 
stimulation equipment  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
In production of hydrocarbons  
    
Well finishing (completion)  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as in dicated in the 
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 19Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
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Pressure and production tests  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Reconditioning of we lls, 
stimulation (acidizing, fracturing, 
packing)  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Design, erection and maintenance 
of production facilities (separator 
tanks, heaters, collecting lines)  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Design, operation and  
maintenance of production, 
including mechanical pumping, 
hydraulic pumping, 
electrosubmersible pumping, gas 
lift, and work carried out on wells 
after completion (cleaning, 
repairs)  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal  
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Design, construction, operation 
and maintenance of oil and gas 
pipelines  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 20 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
Other  
    
Administration, operation and 
maintenance of oil fields  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Inspection of equipment, tubes and 
pipes and other elements used in 
drilling and hydrocarbon 
production  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None 
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Environmental conservation and 
industrial safety in connection 
with oil spills, pollution and fire  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
  
Mining services  
    
Geological prospecting  
    
Geological field surveys  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
General geological map -making  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 21Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
Semi -detailed geological map -
making  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Detailed geological map -making  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Interpretation of remote -sensing 
images  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Photogeology  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, e xcept as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
  
Geophysical prospecting:  
geoelectrical, gravimetric, 
resistivity, magnetometric, 
refraction and reflexion seismic 
prospecting  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
sectio n. 
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Exploratory drilling  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the  
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 22 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
Trench and spot sampling  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Petrographical analysis  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Chemical analysis  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
  
X-Ray spectrography  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
1 Calculation of reserves and mine 
development  
    
Mining geology  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 23Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
Economic geology  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Feasibility studies  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indica ted in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Project management  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Mine surveying and design  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
  
Constructio n assembly and 
infrastructure studies  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Road design  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, e xcept as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 24 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
Terrain utilization  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Optimization of operations  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal sectio n.  
Geotechnics:  slope stability, slope 
design  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Environmental impact studies  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Ground -water hydrogeology  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizon tal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Geomorphology:  basin and terrain 
management  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 25Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
Mineral ore enrichment and 
processing  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal sec tion.  
Legal advisory services relating to 
mining  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 26 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
2C. TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 
For the establishment and operation of telecommunications services, th e Colombian State adheres to th e standards and recommendation s laid down by the International 
Telecommunication Union (ITU) and its regulatory bodies, the CCITT and CCIR.  Consequently, in t he event of any divergence between their principles and those set out in 
the GATS agreements for the telecommunications sector, the international agreements signed by Colombia in the framework of the ITU shall apply.  They shall also serve as 
the rules of interpretation in conflicts that may arise between parties pursuant to the GATS negotiations on telecommunications services.  
The concession (contract or licence) for the supply of telecommunications services is granted only to enterprises legally set u p in Colombia. 
The commitments in this schedule do not cove r radio and television  broadcasting services. 
The scope of the classification definitions used in this section is based on Colombian legislation. 
 
The commitments in this schedule 
do not cover radio a nd television 
broadcasting services . 
 
All sectors 
 The licence or concession for the supply of 
telecommunications services is granted only to 
enterprises legally set up in Colombia.   The annexed Reference Paper 
is adopted, with the notes and 
reservations indicated. 
1. Basic services  (For public 
use, exclusively facilities-
based services)  
    
A. Tele-services 
    
a. Local and extended local 
voice telephony2 1) None 
2) None 
3) None Foreign investment is permitted up to a 
maximum of 70 per cent of the capit al of the 
enterprise licensed to operate . 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
                                                      
2 "Extended local" voice telephony (departmental or regional telephony ) is the service supplied by the same operator to users in  a continuous geographical area consisting of 
adjacent municipalities, provided the area doe s not go outside that of the Department.  
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 27Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
b. National and international 
long-distance telephony Long -distance  traffic must be routed through 
operators licensed to provide a long -distance 
telephone service.  Deliberate inversion of the 
genuine direction of international traffic (call -
back) is not allowed.  
 
1) None , except that long-distance traffic must 
be routed through the facilities of an operator 
licensed to provide such a service .  
2) None 
3) Foreign investment is permitted up to a 
maximum of 70 per cent of the capital of the 
enterprise licensed to operate.  National and 
international long -distance services ar e 
provided by the National Telecommunications 
Enterprise.  C  None, except that any 
additional number of operators will be 
determined by an economic needs test until 
31 December 2008 . 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
  
  
 
  
1) None 
  
2) None 
3) None , except that Colombia 
Telecomunicaciones S.A. E.S.P. provides 
long-distance basic public switched 
telephony services under the same 
regulatory conditions as the other 
operators,  other than the initial licence 
payment and duration of licence validity. 
 
 
4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the  
 horizontal section.   
c. Telex services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None Foreign investment is permitted up to a 
maximum of 70 per cent of the capital of the 
enterprise licensed to operate.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 28 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
d. Telegraph services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None Foreign investment is permitted up to a 
maximum of 70 per cent of the capital of the 
enterprise licensed to operate.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
e. Cellular mobile telephone 
services  1) None 
2) None 
3) None For the  cellular mobile telephone service 
the country was divided into three regions;  in 
each one the service is supplied by two 
competing operators, on an exclusive basis 
until 1 September 1999.  Thereafter, the 
additional number of operators shall be subject 
to technological possibility.3 
 
Private licensed companies must be established 
as open corporations, in other words, no 
natural or legal person may, alone or through 
another person, hold more than 30 per cent of 
the company share capital and the shares must  
be listed in a stock exchange in Colombia.  
Foreign investment is permitted up to a 
maximum of 70 per cent of the capital of the 
enterprise licensed to operate.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
                                                      
3 Technological possibility refers to the relevant clause contained in current concession contracts for cellular mobile telephone services.   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 29Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
f. Personal  Communications 
Services (PCS)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None The Personal Communications service 
will be supplied as from 31 December 1999 by a 
number of operators determined by an ec onomic 
needs test.  Foreign investment is permitted up 
to a maximum of 70 per cent of the capital of 
the enterprise licensed to operate . 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
  
 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
g. Paging services  1) Unbound  None   
2) None 
3) None The number of operators to supply two -
way paging services will be determined not later 
than 30 June 1997.  Foreign investment is 
permitted up to a maximum of 70 per cent of  the 
capital of the enterprise licensed to operate.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
  
 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
h. Trunking  1) None 
2) None 
3) None The national trunki ng service will be 
supplied by four operators selected by 
competitive bidding, not later than 30 June 
1997.  Foreign investment is permitted up to a 
maximum of 70 per cent of the capital of the 
enterprise licensed to operate.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
  
 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 30 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
B. Carrier services4 
    
a. Packet-switched data 
transmission services 
 Carrier services may only be supplied by 
operators duly authori zed to engage in such 
activities or to provide the relevant services in 
Colombia.  The authorization to supply carrier 
services does not involve a concession to 
supply other telecommunications services.  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None Foreign investment is permit ted up to a 
maximum of 70 per cent of the capital of the 
enterprise licensed to operate.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
  
 
 
  
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
b. Circuit-switched data 
transmission services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None Foreign investment is permitted up to a 
maximum of 70 per cent of the capital of the 
enterprise licensed to operate.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) None 
2) None  
3) None  
 
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
                                                      
4 A carrier service is a service providing th e necessary capacity to transmit signals between two or more specific points on the  telecommunications network.  This covers services 
through circuit- or packet-switched netw orks and through non-switched networks.  
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 31Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
Carrier services  
 
Packet -switched data 
transmission services  
 
Circuit -switched data 
transmission services  
 
Telex services  
 
Telegraph services  Carrier services3 may only be supplied by 
operat ors duly authorized to engage in such 
activities or to provide the relevant services in 
Colombia.  The authorization to supply carrier 
services does not involve a concession to 
supply other telecommunications services.  
 
1) None  
2) None  
3) Foreign investmen t is permitted up to a 
maximum of 70 per cent of the capital of the 
enterprise licensed to operate  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
  
  
 
  
 
1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
                                                      
3 Carrier service is a service providing the necessary capacity to transmit signals between two or more specific points on the te lecommunications network.  This covers services 
through circuit - or packet -switched networks and through non -switched networks.  
  
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 32 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
Cellular mobile telephone 
services  (800 MHz band)  1) None  
2) None  
3) For the cellular mobile telephone service the 
country was divided into three regions;  in each 
one the service is supplied by two competing 
operators, on an exclusive basis until 1 
Septembe r 1999.  Thereafter, the additional 
number of operators shall be subject to 
technological possibility.4 
 Private licensed companies must be established 
as open corporations, in other words, no natural 
or legal person may, alone or through another 
person, h old more than 30 per cent of the 
company share capital and the shares must be 
listed in a stock exchange in Colombia.  Foreign 
investment is permitted up to a maximum of 70 
per cent of the capital of  the enterprise licensed 
to operate . 
4) Unbound, except a s indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Personal  Communications 
Services (PCS)  1) None  
2) None  
3) The Personal Communications service will be 
supplied as f rom 31 December 1999 by a 
number of operators determined by an economic 
needs test.  Foreign investment is permitted up 
to a maximum of 70 per cent of the capital of 
the enterprise licensed to operate . 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
 
  
 
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
                                                      
4 Technological possibility refers to the relevant clause cont ained in current concession contracts for cellular mobile telephon e services.   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 33Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
Paging services  
 (900 MHz band)  1) Unbound   
2) None  
3) The number of operators to supply two -way 
paging services will be determined not later than 
30 June 1997.  Foreign investment is permitted 
up to a maximum of 70 per cent of the capital of 
the enterprise licensed to operate.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
 
  
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Trunking services  1) None  
2) None  
3) The national trunking service will be supplied 
by four operators selected by competitive 
bidding, not later than 30 June 1997. Foreign 
investment is permitted up to a maximum of 70 
per cent of the capital of the enterprise licensed 
to operate.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
 
  
 
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
c. Provision of satellite 
capacity, exclusively by geostationary satellite 
systems Authorizations to provide satellite capacity do not 
involve a concession to supply other 
telecommunications services in Colombia or in 
connections with foreign countries.  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None Foreign investment is permitted up to a 
maximum  of 70 per cent of the capital of the 
enterprise licensed to operate.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
  
  
 
 1) None 
2)
 None  
3) None  
  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 34 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
2. For non -public use, 
facilities -based  
(Relates to the private 
telecommunications 
network, established by 
natural or legal persons for 
their private and exclusive 
use, without provision of 
services to third persons and 
without connection to the 
State telecommunications 
network or to other  private 
telecommunications 
networks.)  
    
Voice  telephone services  
 
Packet -switched data transmission  
 
Circuit -switched data transmission  
 
Private leased circuit services  
 
Paging services  
 
Trunking services  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as  indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 35Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
32. Value-added 
telecommunications services2. 
 
For the purposes of this Schedule, 
value -added services are defined 
as those which u se as a carrier the 
basic, telematic or transmission 
services, or any combination of 
those services and together with 
them provide the complete 
capability for the sending or 
exchange of information, by 
adding other facilities to the carrier 
service or sati sfying specific new 
telecommunication needs.  
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None Telecommunications are a public service 
which the State will provide directly or through 
concessions which may be granted exclusively 
to Colombian natural or legal persons, while 
reserving in all cases the power of control and 
supervision.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Unbound  None 
 
  
 
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
   
These include:  electronic mail, 
voice mail, on -line information 
and database retrieval, electronic 
data interchange, facsimile store 
and forward, code and/or protocol 
conversion, on -line data 
processing and information.  
    
                                                      
2 Value-added services are defined as those which use basic, tele matic or transmission services, or  any combination thereof, as a carrier and, in conjunction with them, provide 
the full capability for the sending or exchange of information, and which add other facilities to the carrier service or satisf y specific new telecommunication needs. 
These include:  electronic mail, voice mail, on-line information and database retrieva l, electronic data interchange, facsimile  store and forward, code a nd/or protocol conversion, on-
line data processing and information. 
Only services that can be differe ntiated from the basic services are considered value-added services.  
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 36 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
Only services that can be 
differentiated from the basic 
services ar e considered value -
added services.  
    
Basic services are carrier services 
and tele -services.  
    
Carrier services are services which 
provide the necessary capacity for 
the transmission of signals 
between two or more defined 
points in the telecommunicati ons 
network.  They comprise services 
carried out through circuit -
switched or packet -switched 
networks and services carried out 
through unswitched networks.    
    
They include, inter alia , leasing 
services of isolated pairs and 
dedicated circuits.  
    
Tele-services are those which in 
themselves provide the full 
capability for communication 
between users, including terminal 
equipment functions.  They 
include, inter alia , fixed, mobile 
and mobile -cellular telephony, 
telegraphy and telex services.  
     
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 37Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
3. For non-public use, facilities-
based  (Relates to the private 
telecommunications network, 
established by natural or legal persons for their private and 
exclusive use, without provision of 
services to third persons and without connection to the State 
telecommunications network or to 
other private telecommunications networks.) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.
 1) None 2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
3. CONSTRUCTION AND 
RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES 
    
A. Construction work for 
buildings  
 (CPC 512) 1) Unbound*  
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) Unbound*  
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
B. Construction work for civil 
engineering  
 (CPC 513) 1) Unbound*  
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) Unbound*  
2) None 
3) None 4)
 Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 38 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
For dams  
(CPC 51330)  
 1) Unbound*  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) Unbound*  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
For golf courses  
(CPC 51372)  1) Unbound*  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  1) Unbound*  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
  
C. Installation and assembly 
work  
(CPC 514+516) 1) Unbound*  
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as  indicated in the horizontal 
section. 1) Unbound*  
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
For derrick operations  
(CPC 51570)  1) Unbound*  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) Unbound*  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
  
D. Building completion and 
finishing work 
(CPC 517)  1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound* 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound* 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 39Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
E. Other 
    
Pre-erection work at construction 
sites  (CPC 511) 
 1) Unbound*  
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) Unbound*  
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
Renting services related to 
equipment for construction or 
demolition of buildings or civil 
engineering works, with 
operator 
(CPC 518) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
Engineering for hydrocarbon 
deposits  
    
Study and evaluation of 
hydrocarbon deposits  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  1) None  
2) None 
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
  
Production analysis and control  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 40 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
Improved recovery of 
hydrocarbons  1) None  
2) None  
3) None   
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None   
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Maximum production rates  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Petrophysical and petrochemical 
analysis of rocks and fluids  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound , except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
5. EDUCATION SERVICES 
    
D. Adult education services 
 (CPC 924) 
For the purpose of greater 
clarity, Colombia 
understands regular 
education system to mean 
the formal education 
system provided for in its 
legislation. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 41Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
7. ALL FINANCIAL 
 SERVICES 3) The Government may make authorization for 
domestic and foreign financial entities to operate in Colombia subject to an economic 
needs test.  For this purpose, factors such as 
public interest and local  and general economic 
and financial conditions are taken into account. 
 3) With regard to the disposal of State holdings 
in enterprises, special conditions are offered exclusively to Colombian natural or legal 
persons. 
  
 The establishment of suppliers of financial 
services from abroad is only permitted in the 
form of affiliated companies or subsidiaries.  
Other forms, particul arly branches, are 
excluded.  The supply of the service must correspond to the purpose specifically 
authorized for the affiliated company or 
subsidiary, which must adopt the corporate form required by Colombian legislation.  
Agencies of foreign financial entities may not 
provide financial services in Colombia. 
   
 The supply of financial services in Colombia 
requires prior Government authorization.  Such authorization is granted in accordance with the 
relevant requirements in Colombian legislation 
and with the regulatory principles generally accepted at the international level. 
   
 In particular, authorization permitting suppliers 
of financial services to operate in Colombia is 
subject to verification by the respective 
supervisory department of the character, 
responsibility and qualifications of persons 
participating in the operation as owners, directors or managers. 
    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 42 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
 In addition, the relevant supervisory 
department is required to verify that applicant entities have satisfactory controls to prevent the 
laundering of assets and to manage risks, and 
that they have consolidated supervision in conformity with generally accepted principles 
in this respect at the international level. 
   
1. Insurance and insurance-
related services 
    
a) Direct insurance (including 
co-insurance) other than life 
insurance 1) Unbound, except for insurance related to 
foreign trade operations, exclusively for 
external journeys, i.e. those which begin or end 
in a Colombian port. 
2) Unbound  
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. applicable to all the sectors included 
in this Schedule.  
 1) Unbound  
 
 
 2) Unbound  
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. applicable to all the 
sectors included in this Schedule.   
b) Reinsurance and 
retrocession 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. applicable to all the sectors included 
in this Schedul e. 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. applicable to all the 
sectors included in this Schedule.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 43Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
c) Insurance intermediation, 
 such as brokerage and   agency services 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. applicable to all the sectors included 
in this Schedule.  
 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. applicable to all the 
sectors included in this Schedule.   
d) Services auxiliary to 
insurance, such as consultancy, actuarial, risk 
  assessment and claim 
settlement services 
 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound  
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. applicable to all the sectors included 
in this Sche dule.  
 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound  
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. applicable to all the 
sectors included in this Schedule.   
2. Banking and other financial 
services (excluding 
insurance): 
    
a) Acceptance of deposits and 
 other repayable funds from 
 the public 
 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
commitments applicable to all the sectors included in this Schedule. 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal commitments applicable to all the sectors included in this Schedule. 
  
b) Lending of all types, 
including consumer credit, 
mortgage credit, factoring by 
financial institutions, and financing of commercial 
transactions 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. applicable to all the sectors included 
in this Schedule.  
 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. applicable to all the 
sectors included in this  Schedule.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 44 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
c) Financial leasing services 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. applicable to all the sectors included 
in this Schedule.  
 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. applicable to all the 
sectors included in this Schedule.   
d) Guarantees and 
commitments 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
commitments applicable to all the sectors included in this Schedule. 
 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal commitments applicable to all the sectors included in this Schedule.  
e) Trading for own account or 
for account of customers, 
whether on an exchange or 
in an over-the-counter market, of the instruments 
mentioned in subparagraphs 
(x) (C), (E) and (F) of 
paragraph 5(a) of the Annex 
on financial services 
 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. applicable to all the sectors in cluded 
in this Schedule.  1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. applicable to all the 
sectors included in this Schedule.   
f) Participation in issues of all 
kinds of securities, including underwriting and placement 
as agent (whether publicly or 
privately) and provision of services related to such 
issues 
 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. applicable to all the sectors included 
in this Schedule.  
 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. applicable to all the 
sectors included in this Schedule.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 45Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
g) Money broking 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. applicable to all the sectors included 
in this Schedule.  
 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. applicable to all the 
sectors included in this Schedule.   
h) Provision and transfer of 
financial information, financial data processing and 
related software by suppliers 
of other financial services 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound  
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. applicable to all the sectors included 
in this Schedule.  
 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound  
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. applicable to all the 
sectors included in this Schedule.   
i) Advisory, intermediation 
and other auxiliary financial 
services on all the activities 
listed in subparagraphs (a) to (h), including credit 
reference and analysis, 
investment and portfolio 
research and advice, advice 
on acquisitions and on corporate restructuring and 
strategy 
 1) Unbound  
2) Unbound  
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. applicable to all the sec tors included 
in this Schedule.  1) Unbound  
2) Unbound  
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. applicable to all the 
sectors included in this Schedule.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 46 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL-
RELATED SERVICES 
    
A. Hotels and  restaurants 
 (CPC 641 , 642, 643 ) 1) Unbound  None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 1) Unbound  None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
B. Travel agency and tour 
operator services 
 (CPC 7471) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
Travel agencies and tourism  
(CPC 74710)  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
Wholesale agencies  
(CPC 74710)  1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None  
2) None  
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 47Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
C. Tourist guide services 
(CPC 7472)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except  as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except  as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
  
10. RECREATIONAL, 
CULTURAL AND 
SPORTING SERVICES 
(other than audiovisual 
services) 
    
C. Library, archive, museum 
and other cultural services 
 (CPC 963) 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.    
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 48 Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES
    
A. Maritime transport 
services  
    
Container station and 
depot services  1) Unbound*  
2) None  
3) None  
 
 
 
4) Unbound, except as indi cated in the 
horizontal section.  1) Unbound*  
2) None  
3) None, but port services in waters under 
Colombia's jurisdiction may be supplied 
only by vessels operating under the 
Colombian flag.  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  Suppliers  of international 
maritime transport services 
may avail themselves, under 
reasonable and non -
discriminatory  terms and 
conditions, of the following 
services:  
(1) Pilotage,  
(2) Towing and tug 
assistance,   
(3) Provisioning, fuelling 
and watering,  
(4) Garb age collecting 
and  ballast waste 
disposal,  
(5) Port captain's services, 
(6) Navigation aids,  
(7) Shore -based 
operational services 
essential to ship 
operations, including 
communications, 
water and electrical 
supplies,  
(8) Emergency repair 
facilities,  
(9) Anchorage, berth and 
berthing services.   
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1
Page 49Modes of supply:        (1)    Cross-border      (2)    Consumption abroad           (3)    Commercial presence         (4)    Presence of natural persons   
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limi tations on national treatm ent Additional commitments 
C. Air transport services 
    
d)  Maintenance and repair of 
aircraft  
(CPC 8868) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
 
  
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 50 COLOMBIA - FINAL LIST OF ARTICLE II (MFN) EXEMPTIONS 
 
Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating 
its inconsistency with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
Telecommunications The principle of national treatment for 
the purposes of commercial presence is only granted to suppliers of services in the Andean value-added 
telecommunications services market. Andean Group countries Indefinite Maintains preferential treatment for 
suppliers of the relevant services belonging to Andean Group member countries. 
Audiovisual Measures under existing or future 
bilateral or multilateral agreements on 
the co-production of audiovisual works for the cinema or television, in 
particular with regard to their 
distribution, access and financing 
conditions. Belgium;  countries members of 
the Latin American Agreement 
on Cinematographic Co-Production;  other countries 
concerned Unlimited Protects th e principle of the 
agreements concerned. 
Insurance and 
insurance-related 
services 
 Banking and other 
financial services, 
excluding insurance  Access to the Colombian market 
through the commercial presence of 
foreign suppliers of financial services 
depends on whether or not the country of origin of such suppliers grants 
satisfactory possibilities of access to 
their markets for Colombian suppliers of financial services. All countries Indefinite Im proves the conditions for the 
commercial presence abroad of 
Colombian suppliers of financial 
services. 
Land transport Measures which grant preferential 
treatment to countries of the Andean Road Freight System. Andean Group countries Indefinite Protects regional integration efforts 
in this area. 
 TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 51 
 
 
 Annex  
Reference Paper  
 The additional commitments appearing in this  schedule apply to basic telecommunications 
services where specific commitments are undertaken. 
Scope  
 The following are definitions and principl es on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services. 
Definitions  
 Users mean service consumers. 
 Essential facilities mean facilities of a public  telecommunications transport network or service 
that: 
 (a) Are exclusively or predominantly provided by  a single or limited number of suppliers;  
and 
 (b) cannot feasibly be economically or technica lly substituted in order to provide a service. 
 A major supplier is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect th e terms of participation 
(having regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for basic telecommun ications services as a 
result of: 
 (a) Control over essential facilities;  or  (b) use of its position in the market. 1. Competitive safeguards
 
1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications  
 Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone or 
together, are a major supplier  from engaging in or continui ng anti-competitive practices. 
1.2 Safeguards  
 The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:  (a) Engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization
1; 
 (b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results;  and 
 (c) not making available to ot her services suppliers on a timely basis technical information 
about essential facilities an d commercially relevant inform ation which are necessary for 
them to provide services. 
                                                      
1   The Colombian State reserves the right to maintain subsidies among different strata of one and the same 
service.  TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 52  
 
 2. Interconnection
 
2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public teleco mmunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the users of  one supplier to communicate with users of another 
supplier and to access services provided by a nother supplier, where sp ecific commitments are 
undertaken. 
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured  
 Interconnection with a major suppl ier will be ensured at any tec hnically feasible point in the 
network.2  Such connection is provided: 
 (a) Under non-discriminatory terms, cond itions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no le ss favourable than that provided for its own 
like services or for like services of non-affiliated  service suppliers or fo r its subsidiaries or 
other affiliates; 
 (b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditions (i ncluding technical standards and specifications) 
and cost-oriented rates that are transparen t, reasonable, having regard to economic 
feasibility, and suffici ently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay for network 
components or facilities that it does not requi re for the service to be provided;  and 
 (c) upon request, at points in addition to th e network termination po ints offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary 
additional facilities. 
2.3 Public availability of the procedures for interconnection negotiations   
 The procedures applicable for interconnec tion to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available. 
2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements  
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make publicly availa ble either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer. 
2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement  
 A service supplier requesting in terconnection with a major supplie r will have recourse, either: 
 (a) At any time;  or 
 (b) after a reasonable period of time  which has been made publicly known  
to an independent domestic body, which may be a regu latory body as referred to  in paragraph 5 below, 
to resolve disputes regarding a ppropriate terms, cond itions and rates for interconnection within a 
reasonable period of time, to the extent that  these have not been established previously.3 
                                                      
2  When a request is made to the major supplier (operator) or any existing telecommunications services 
operator for interconnection at a point different from the one proposed by them, they shall have the right to require 
the new operator to pay the cost caused by that decision.   In the event of a dispute concerning the point of 
interconnection, the regulatory body may rule on the dispute a nd allocate costs in the light of the relevant rules and 
of equitable and objective criteria.  
3  This item is adopted on the understanding that  "independent domestic body" refers to the body 
determined by Colombian law.  TN/S/O/COL/Rev.1 
Page 53 
 
 
 3. Universal service  
 Any Member has the right to define the kind  of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regarded as anti-competitive per se , provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminatory and comp etitively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member. 
4. Public availability of licensing criteria   
 Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available: 
 (a) All the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence;  and 
 (b) the terms and conditions of individual licences.  The reasons for the denial of a licence w ill be made known to the applicant upon request. 
5. Independent regulators
 
 The decisions of and the procedures used by re gulators shall be impartial with respect to all 
market participants. 
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources  
 Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an objective4, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory 
manner.  The current state of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly available, but detailed 
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government us es is not required. 
  
__________ 
                                                     
 
4  "Objective" means that allocation and use depe nd on availability and the national frequency table.