Risk Management Proposal:  
Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  for 
Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on Oncidium and other 
orchid nursery stock  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prepared for  public consultation   
by Plant Germplasm Imports  
Animal and Plant Health Directorate  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
April  2022 
 
 
Disclaimer  
 
While every effort has been made to ensure the information in this publication is accurate, 
the Ministry  for Primary Industries does not accept any responsibility or liability  for error of fact, 
omission, interpretation or opinion that may be present, nor for the consequences of any decisions 
based on this information.  
 
This publication is also available on the Ministry for Primary Industries  website at  
http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news -and-resources/publications/   
 
 
© Crown Copyright – Ministry  for Primary Industries   
i Contents  Page 
 
Submissions  1 
1 General information  3 
1.1 Purpose  3 
1.2 Timing and consultation  3 
1.3 Background for this proposal  3 
1.4 Risk assessment for OFV  3 
2 Proposed amendment  5 
3 Rationale for the proposed amendment  7 
4 Feasibility of the proposed change to the standard  7 
5 References  8 
Appendix  9  
Ministry for Primary Industries  RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  
 for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  • 1 Submissions  
The New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries ( NZ MPI) invites formal comment on the amended  
import health standard Importation of Nursery Stock  (155.02.06) (the standard)  with measures to 
manage the orchid strain of Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  (OFV) on Oncidium and other  orchid genera . The 
amended standard is supported by this risk management proposal .  
 
An import health standard “specifies requirements to be met for the effective management of risks 
associated with arrival of craft or risk goo ds” (section 24E , Biosecurity Act 1993).  NZ MPI must consult 
with interested parties in accordance with section 23 of the Biosecurity Act 1993. NZ MPI therefore 
seeks formal comment on the following changes to the standard  for OFV: 
• growing season inspection in 2 post -entry quarantine; and  
• testing of plant material with disease symptoms.  
These changes apply to whole plants and cuttings of all orchid nursery stock hosts listed in this risk 
management proposal (RMP) . 
 
Please send your  comments electro nically  and include the following:  
• the title of th is consultation document  (Amendments to the Importation of Nursery Stock  
standard (155.02.06) for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock hosts)  in the subject 
line of your email;  
• your name and  title (if applicable);  
• your organisation’s name (if applicable); and  
• technical information that supports your submission  
To help us better understand your comments : 
• Make your comments specific to a section/requirement of the standard.  
• Provide reasons, d ata and supporting published references to support your comments.  
• Use examples to illustrate your points.  
 
Send submissions to PlantImports@mpi.govt.nz .  
 
If you  wish to send comments by post, please send them to the following address :  
 
Plant Germplasm Imports  
Animal and Plant Health Directorate  
Ministry for Primary Industries  
PO Box 2526  
Wellington 6140  
New Zealand  
 
Submissions received by the close of business 9 May 2022  will be considered during the development 
of the final standard . Submissions received after the clos ing date may be held on file for consideration 
when the issued standard  is next reviewed.  
 
  2 • RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  Ministry for Primary Industries  
for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  Official Information Act 1982  
Please note that your submission is public information , and it is NZ MPI policy to publish submissions 
and the review of submissions on the NZ MPI website. Submissions may also be the subject of requests 
for information under the Official Information Act 1982 (OIA). The OIA specifies that information is to be 
made available to requesters unless there are sufficient grounds for withholding it. Sub mitters may wish 
to indicate grounds for withholding specific information contained in their submission, such as 
information being  commercially sensitive or personal. Any decision to withhold information requested 
under the OIA is reviewable by the Ombudsm an. 
International context for regulation of risk goods  
The World Trade Organization Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 
(SPS Agreement) sets in place rules that protect each country’s sovereign right to take the measures 
necessary to protect the life or health of its people, animals, and plants, while at the same time 
facilitating trade. It embodies and promotes the use of science -based risk assessments to manage the 
risks associated with the international movement of goods. The SPS Agreement guides how New 
Zealand sets standards and makes decisions related to biosecurity. In particular, it is important to 
maintain the standards of transparency and scientific rigour required by the SPS Agreement and to 
make decisions as quickl y as possible. This will encourage other countries to comply with the rules of 
the SPS Agreement and also demonstrate that New  Zealand’s strict controls are justified to countries 
that challenge them.  
Domestic context for regulation of risk goods  
The New Z ealand biosecurity system is regulated through the Biosecurity Act 1993  (the Act) . Section 2 2 
of the Act describes an import health standard and  requires all risk goods imported into New Zealand be 
managed by one . NZ MPI is the New Zealand government minis try responsible for maintaining 
biosecurity standards for the effective management of risks associated with the importation of risk goods 
into New Zealand (Part 3, Biosecurity Act 1993). MPI is committed to the principles of transparency and 
evidence -based  technical justification for all phytosanitary measures, new and amended, imposed on 
importing pathways. MPI periodically reviews all import health standards , related documents and other 
standards so that the legal requirements are clear,  and information i s consistently presented and as 
easy as possible to understand.  
 
   
Ministry for Primary Industries  RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  
 for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  • 3 1 General information  
1.1 Purpose  
(1) The purpose of this document is to  outline a proposed amendment to the import health standard 
Importation of Nursery Stock  (155.02.06) (the Nursery Stock  standard) with measures to 
manage  the orchid strain of Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  (OFV)  on 18 orchid genera.  
1.2 Timing and consultation  
(2) The proposed amendment to Importation of Nursery Stock was released for consultation on 11 
April 2022  and will remain open for consultation until 5pm on 9 May  2022 . 
1.3 Background for this proposal  
(3) In January 202 0, NZ MPI  received a request to have additional  Oncidium  species  and their 
hybrids added to the Plants Biosecurity Index (PBI) as available  for import  under the Nursery 
Stock  standard .  
(4) An NZ MPI risk analysis  identified one pest,  the orchid strain of OFV , that naturally infects 
Oncidium species and may not be managed by current import requirement s.  
(5) Currently, 30 Oncidium  species  are listed in the PBI as approved  for import under the Calanthe  
schedule in the Nursery Stock standard.  
(6) Once NZ MPI  have received feedback on the amendment proposed in this document and made 
any changes to the standard as a result, additional Oncidium  species will be added to the PBI 
as approved for import into New Zealand. A full list of all Oncidium  species is provided in the 
appendix of this  document .  
(7) The orchid strain of OFV naturally infects  18 orchid genera  available for import , including 
Oncidium . The m easures in this RMP apply to  whole plants and cuttings of all identified host 
genera . 
(8) All evidence provided  below was taken from the NZ MPI risk analysis (MPI, 2021), unless 
otherwise cited.  
1.4 Risk assessment  for OFV  
1.4.1 General biology   
(9) OFV is a viral plant pathogen  that is found in the nucleus of the plant cell.  It is not a systemic 
virus , rather the virus causes localised chlorotic and necro tic lesions  on plant leaves . In severe 
cases, these lesions can result in the decline and death of infected plants.   
(10) OFV is known to naturally infect species in 31 orchid genera. Of the known orchid host genera, 
18 are listed in the PBI as available for import (table 1).  
(11) The full host range of OFV may be determined by the host range of its mite vector B. 
californicus , so there is the possibility of new unidentified hosts, including New Zealand native 
orchid species.  
(12) The virus has been reported to cause systemic leaf symptoms . However, this was in 
experimentally infected hosts and only occurred at high temperature (above  30°C).  
(13) There are two known strains of OFV:  
a. orchid (subgroups 1 and 2); and  
b. citrus.  4 • RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  Ministry for Primary Industries  
for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  (14) Subgroup 1 of the orchid strain includes most isolates collected from Australia, Germany, South 
Africa,  and the Americas. Subgroup 2 includes only five isolates from Germany, Costa Rica and 
East Asian countries .  
(15) The citrus strain of OFV is not known to naturally infect orchid species. However, t he orchid 
strain of OFV has been found infecting orange ( Citru s sinensis ) in South Africa, causing citrus 
leprosis symptoms on infected orange trees and fruit. The virus is currently a regulated virus on 
Citrus  plants for planting imported into New Zealand . 
(16) In addition to orchid genera, the virus can naturally infect Cordyline, Liriope, Alcea and Citrus 
species.  
1.4.2 Potential i mpacts in New Zealand  
(17) An incursion of OFV in New Zealand could cause the following impacts to the orchid flower 
industry:  
a. A reduction in plant quality with potential for infected plants to  need to  be destroyed 
because there are no treatment options to eradicate OFV from plants.   
i. Meristem tissue culture has been reported to eliminate viral infection from high 
value plants, but it is expensiv e and laborious with variable success rates.  
b. A reduction in the number and quality of flowers. Chlorotic and necrotic lesions and 
reddening of leaves diminish the appearance of the orchid plant and consequently can 
reduce the value and saleability.  
c. A reduc tion to the fitness of the plant rendering it susceptible to secondary infections 
from fungal and bacterial pathogens.  
d. Increased costs in pest management, surveillance,  and export costs. Countries where 
OFV is absent or regulated are likely to increase phy tosanitary measures for orchid 
exports.  
i. Over the last 10 years, New Zealand has exported 11 orchid genera. These 
include Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Oncidium, Phalaeonpsis and Zygopetaluum.  
ii. In 2019 the export value of Orchid c ut flower s was NZD$10.9 million . 
iii. The virus is an A1 pest for the European Union. French Polynesia, India and 
Mauritius all have international quarantine regulations for OFV on plant 
material (ONZPR , 2021).  
iv. Countries where citrus leprosis , a disease on Citrus caused by OFV, is abs ent 
or regulated may also increase measures.  
(18) OFV has the potential to cause unwanted impacts to Citrus sinensis production in New Zealand.  
1.4.3 Transmission  
(19) OFV is known to be transmitted by the false spider mite Brevipalpus californicus :  
a. B. californicus  is present in New Zealand . 
b. The mite acquires the virus by feeding on infected tissue.  
c. Transmission of OFV by B. californicus  is persistent.  Once acquired, the mite can 
continue to transmit the virus throughout its life.  
d. While there is no evidence of other mite or insect vectors of OFV, New Zealand has two 
other species of Brevipalpus  that are known to transmit other citrus leprosis viru ses.  
(20) There are no reports of mechanical transmission of OFV via tools during pruning and other 
cultivation practices .  
Ministry for Primary Industries  RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  
 for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  • 5 Table 1: Orchid genera that can be naturally infected by the orchid strain of OFV. Genera highlighted in 
bold  are available for import into New Zealand  under the Nursery Stock standard  as of March 2022.  
Genus  Number of species available for 
import  into NZ (Includes 
synonyms)  Import specification for nursery 
stock  
Amblostoma  n/a n/a 
Angraecum  26 L2 (Basic)  
Angulorea  n/a n/a 
Bulbophyllum  41 L2 (Basic)  
Calanthe  24 Calanthe  
Cattleya  45 Calanthe  
Cymbidium  34 Epipremnum  
Dendrobium  242 L2 (Basic)  
Dendrochilum   8 L2 (Basic)  
Diplocaulobium  n/a n/a 
Encyclia  31 L2 (Basic)  
Epidendron  n/a n/a 
Hamelwellsara  n/a n/a 
Hormidium  n/a n/a 
Liparis  n/a n/a 
Maxillaria  19 L2 (Basic)  
Miltonia  15 L2 (Basic)  
Octomeria  n/a n/a 
Odontoglossum  7 Calanthe  
Oncidium   30 Calanthe  
Pescatorea  n/a n/a 
Phaius  4 Calanthe  
Phalaenopsis  46 Phalaenopsis  
Pleurothallis  n/a n/a 
Prostechea  n/a n/a 
Schomburgkia  7 Calanthe  
Stanhopea  13 Calanthe  
Tetragamestus  n/a n/a 
Trichopilia  6 L2 (Basic)  
Wilsonara  n/a n/a 
Zygopetalum  8 L2 (Basic)  
2 Proposed amendment  
(21) NZ MPI proposes to manage  the orchid strain of  OFV on whole plants and with g rowing season 
inspection because:  
a. OFV meets the criteria to be a regulated quarantine pest for New Zealand.  
i. The virus is not known to be present in New Zealand.  
ii. It is known to be associated with plants eligible for import into New Zealand 
and may enter of host plant material.  
iii. If established, OFV has the potential to cause unacceptable impacts to the 
orchid flower industry and the citrus industry in New Zealand.  
b. Infected plant material is likely to  express symptoms in post -entry quarantine (PEQ)  
and be detected by visual inspection . 
i. OFV infection s are visually detectable on hosts within  2-3 weeks. The minimum 
PEQ period for whole plants and cuttings is 3 months.  6 • RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  Ministry for Primary Industries  
for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  c. OFV can be detected by PCR  if symptoms develop . 
i. MPI’s Plant Health and Environment Laboratory  have a PCR assay for OFV 
detection.  
(22) OFV will be added as a quarantine pest in the Calanthe  schedule . 
(23) Host genera that are currently imported under ‘ L2 (Basic )’ and Epipremnum conditions, will be 
imported under a new schedule , Dendrobium , of the nursery stock standard (Table 2). OFV will 
be added as a quarantine pest in this new schedule.  
(24) Measures  will not apply to  Phalaenopsis whole plants  exported under the Taiwan Official 
Assurance Programme (OAP) , because:  
a. OFV is not known to be present in Taiwan,  
b. the virus  is managed by the requirements of the OAP.  
(25) Measures will apply to Phalaenopsis whole plants that are not exported under the OAP.  
(26) Measures will not apply to tissue culture (plants in vitro) because:  
a. NZ MPI considers that risk of OFV being introduced on tissue culture is low . 
i. The virus is not systemic , causing only localised infections in host plants . 
ii. At this stage, there is no evidenc e to suggest that symptoms will not be seen 
on infected plant  material  used for tissue culture production.  
iii. It is assumed that  only healthy mother plants will be used for tissue culture 
propagation.  
 
Table 2: Orchid genera that can be  naturally infected by OFV and are eligible for import , and proposed 
update to import specifications for nursery stock in the Plants Biosecurity Index (PBI).  
Genus  Current import specification for 
nursery stock  Proposed import specification 
for nursery stock  
Angraecum  L2 (Basic)  Dendrobium  
Bulbophyllum  L2 (Basic)  Dendrobium  
Calanthe  Calanthe  Calanthe  
Cattleya  Calanthe  Calanthe  
Cymbidium  Epipremnum  Dendrobium  
Dendrobium  L2 (Basic)  Dendrobium  
Dendrochilum  L2 (Basic)  Dendrobium  
Encyclia  L2 (Basic)  Dendrobium  
Maxillaria  L2 (Basic)  Dendrobium  
Miltonia  L2 (Basic)  Dendrobium  
Odontoglossum  Calanthe  Calanthe  
Oncidium  Calanthe  Calanthe  
Phaius  Calanthe  Calanthe  
Phalaenopsis  Phalaenopsis  Phalaenopsis  
Schomburgkia  Calanthe  Calanthe  
Stanhopea  Calanthe  Calanthe  
Trichopilia  L2 (Basic)  Dendrobium  
Zygopetalum  L2 (Basic)  Dendrobium   
Ministry for Primary Industries  RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  
 for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  • 7 3 Rationale for the proposed amendment  
(27) The orchid strain of OFV was identified as an unmanaged biosecurity risk on imported orchid 
genera. This RMP outlines an  amend ment to the  Nursery Stock standard which will manage 
this risk .  
(28) The intention of the amendment is to protect :  
a. New Zealand orchid production ,  
b. Citrus sinensis  production , and  
c. New Zealand native orchids and Cordyline spp.  
(29) Managing the risk of OFV will also allow : 
a. the safe trade of Oncidium  species , and  
b. increase  import  opportunities for New Zealand Oncidium  growers  and collectors.   
4 Feasibility of the proposed change to the standard  
(30) The proposed measures are not expected to change the import process for  whole plants and 
cuttings of Oncidium and other host genera  into New Zealand , for the following reason : 
a. Growing season inspection  in post -entry quarantine  is an existing requirement in the 
Nursery Stock standard  for import ed whole plants and cuttings  of the host genera 
identified in this RMP .  
b. Diagnostic testing will only be required if host plants exhibit symptoms of infection . 
i. MPI acknowledge that  extra costs will be associated with diagnostic testing  
when required . 
ii. Infected plants may be required  to be destroyed to prevent  the spread of the 
virus. However, the best course  of action  will be determined on a case -by-case  
basis.  
c. Since 2015 , host plants have largel y been imported as tissue culture  (table 3).  
Table 3: History of trade for orchid hosts of OFV  (1 January 2015 – 28 October 2021)  
Genera  Quantity (units)  Commodity type (s) 
Angraecum  573 Tissue culture  
Bulbophyllum  2321  Tissue culture  
Calanthe  431 Tissue culture  
Cattleya  3778  Tissue culture  
Cymbidium  54427  Tissue culture  
Dendrobium  7023  Tissue culture  
Dendrochilum  40 Tissue culture  
Encyclia  137 Tissue culture  
Maxillaria  24 Tissue culture  
Miltonia  8665  Tissue culture  
Odontoglossum  6510  Tissue culture  
Oncidium  18604  Tissue culture  
Phaius  40 Tissue culture  
Phalaenopsis  929501  Rooted cuttings  
Tissue culture  
Schomburgkia  11 Tissue culture  
Stanhopea  12 Tissue culture  
Trichopilia  No history of import   8 • RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  Ministry for Primary Industries  
for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  Zygopetalum  431 Tissue culture  
 
5 References  
 
Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI). 2021 . Pest Risk Assessment: Orchid fleck virus associated with 
imported whole plants of Oncidium and other genera. Ministry for Primary Industries; Wellington, NZ.  
 
Official New Zealand Pest Register (ONZPR). 2022. Official New Zealand Pest Register. 
https://pierpestregister.mpi.govt.nz/   
   
Ministry for Primary Industries  RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  
 for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  • 9 Appendix  
 
Table 1: Accepted Oncidium  species as listed in Plants of the World Online (POWO)  
Accepted species as listed on POWO  Currently eligible 
for import  
Oncidium abortivoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium abortivum  Rchb.f.  Y 
Oncidium abruptum  Linden & Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl.   
Oncidium acinaceum  Lindl.   
Oncidium  × acuminatissimum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium adamsii  (Dodson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium adelaidae  Königer   
Oncidium  × adrianae  (L.Linden) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium alberti  (P.Ortiz) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium albicans  Königer   
Oncidium alexandrae  (Bateman) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium allenii  Dressler   
Oncidium altissimum  (Jacq.) Sw.  Y 
Oncidium alvarezii  (P.Ortiz) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium  amabile  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium amazonicum  (Schltr.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium amoenum  A.Rich. & Galeotti   
Oncidium  × andersonianum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium andradeanum  Dodson & D.E.Benn.   
Oncidium  × andreetteanum  (Dalström & G .Merino) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium anguloi  P.Ortiz   
Oncidium angustisegmentum  D.E.Benn. & Christenson   
Oncidium ansiferum  Rchb.f.  Y 
Oncidium anthocrene  Rchb.f.  Y 
Oncidium antioquiense  Kraenzl.   
Oncidium arangoi  (Königer) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium ariasii  Königer   
Oncidium aristuliferum  (Kraenzl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium armatum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium aspidorhinum  (F.Lehm.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium astranthum  (Linden & Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium aurarium  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium auriculatoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium auriculatum  (Rolfe) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium auroincarum  (Dalström & Ruíz Pérez) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium ayabaca num D.E.Benn. & Christenson   
Oncidium baccatum  Garay & Dunst.   
Oncidium  × baronii  J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium baueri  Lindl.  Y 
Oncidium befortianum  Königer   
Oncidium bennettii  Christenson   
Oncidium bicallosoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium blandum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium  × bockemuhliae  J.M.H.Shaw   10 • RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  Ministry for Primary Industries  
for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  Accepted species as listed on POWO  Currently eligible 
for import  
Oncidium boothianum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium brachyandrum  Lindl.   
Oncidium bracteatum  Warsz. & Rchb.f.   
Oncidium  × brandtii  (Kraenzl. & Wittm.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium braunii  Regel   
Oncidium brevicorne  (Königer & J.Portilla) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium brevilabrum  Rolfe   
Oncidium brownii  (Garay) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium bryocladium  Schltr.   
Oncidium bryolophotum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium buchtienoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium bustosii  Königer   
Oncidium cajamarcae  Schltr.   
Oncidium calanthum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium callacallaense  (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium caminiophorum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium caquetanum  (Schltr.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium cardioglossum  (Pupulin) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium cardiostigma  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium cariniferum  (Rchb.f.) Beer  Y 
Oncidium caucanum  Schltr.   
Oncidium  × charlesworthii  H.J.Veitch   
Oncidium chasei  (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium cheirophorum  Rchb.f.  Y 
Oncidium chrysomorphum  Lindl.   
Oncidium ciliicolumna  (Szlach. & Kolan.) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium cinnamomeum  (R.Warner & B.S.Williams) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium cirrhosum  (Lindl.) Beer   
Oncidium citrinum  Lindl.   
Oncidium clovesianum  (V.P.Castro & M.M.L.L.Cardoso) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium colombianum  (Szlach. & Kolan.) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium constrictum  (Lindl.) Beer   
Oncidium contaypacchaense  (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase & 
N.H.Williams   
Oncidium  × cookianum  (Rolfe) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium  coquianum  Pupulin & Dalström   
Oncidium  × coradinei  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium crassidactylum  (Dalström & Ruíz Pérez) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium crassopterum  Chiron   
Oncidium crescentilabium  (C.Schweinf.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium crinitum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium cristatellum  Garay  Y 
Oncidium cristatum  (Lindl.) Beer  Y 
Oncidium croatii  (Szlach. & Kolan.) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium crocidipterum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium cruciferum  Rchb.f. & Warsz.  Y 
Oncidium cruentoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium cuculligerum  (Schltr.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams    
Ministry for Primary Industries  RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  
 for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  • 11 Accepted species as listed on POWO  Currently eligible 
for import  
Oncidium cultratum  Lindl.   
Oncidium curvipetalum  (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium dactyliferum  Garay & Dunst.   
Oncidium dactylopterum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium deburghgraeveanum  (Dalström & G.Merino) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium decorum  Königer   
Oncidium deltoideum  Lindl.   
Oncidium  × denisoniae  (Anon.) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium dichromaticum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium  × dicranophorum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium digitoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium dilatatum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium discobulbon  Kraenzl.   
Oncidium dracoceps  (Dalström) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium dulcineae  (Pupulin & G.A.Rojas) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium echinops  Königer   
Oncidium eliae  (Rolfe) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium emaculatum  Ravenna   
Oncidium endocharis  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium ensatum  Lindl.   
Oncidium epidendroides  (Kunth) Beer   
Oncidium estradae  Dodson   
Oncidium exalatum  Hágsater   
Oncidium  × excellens  (Rchb.f.) M. W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium fasciferum  Rchb.f. & Warsz.   
Oncidium filamentosum  (Dalström & Ruíz Pérez) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium flavobrunneum  (Senghas) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium fleckiorum  Königer   
Oncidium fuchsii  Königer   
Oncidium furcatum  (Dalström) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium fuscatum  Rchb.f.  Y 
Oncidium galianoi  (Dalström & P.Nuñez) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium garcia -barrigae  (Szlach. & Kolan.) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium  × gardstyle  Braem & Campacci   
Oncidium gaviotaense  (Szlach. &  Kolan.) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium gayi  J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium geertianum  C.Morren   
Oncidium gentryi  (Dodson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium ghiesbreghtianum  A.Rich. & Galeotti   
Oncidium gloriosum  (Linden & Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium gramazuense  (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium gramineum  (Poepp. & Endl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium graminifolium  (Lindl.) Lindl.   
Oncidium hallii  (Lindl.) Beer   
Oncidium hapalotyle  Schltr.   
Oncidium harryanum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium hastatum  (Bateman) Lindl.  Y 
Oncidium hastilabium  (Lindl.) Beer   12 • RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  Ministry for Primary Industries  
for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  Accepted species as listed on POWO  Currently eligible 
for import  
Oncidium hauensteinii  (Königer) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium heinzelii  Königer   
Oncidium henning -jensenii  Pupulin & Bogarín   
Oncidium hennisii  (Rolfe) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium hermansianum  (Königer) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium herrenhusanum  Königer & Schlumpb.   
Oncidium heteranthum  Poepp. & Endl.  Y 
Oncidium heterodactylum  Kraenzl.   
Oncidium heterosepalum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium hieroglyphicum  Rchb.f. & Warsz.   
Oncidium  × hinnus  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium hintonii  L.O.Williams   
Oncidium hirtziana  J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium hirtzoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium huebneri  (Mansf.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium hymenanthum  (Schltr.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium hyphaematicum  Rchb.f.  Y 
Oncidium ibis  (Schltr.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium imitans  Dressler   
Oncidium incurvu m Barker ex Lindl.  Y 
Oncidium  × inopinatum  Christenson   
Oncidium inouei  T.Hashim.   
Oncidium integrilabre  (Pupulin) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium ionopterum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium iricolor  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium isthmi  Schltr.  Y 
Oncidium ivoneae  Königer   
Oncidium jarmilae  Königer   
Oncidium javieri  Archila   
Oncidium  × jereziorum  (Dalström & Deburghgr.) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium juninense  (Schltr.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium karwinskii  (Lindl.) Lindl.   
Oncidium kegeljanii  (É.Morren) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium khoochongyeei  J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium koechlinianum  Collantes & G.Gerlach   
Oncidium koenigeri  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium  × kraenzlinii  (O’Brien) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium laeve  (Lindl.) Beer   
Oncidium lancifolium  Lindl.   
Oncidium leeanum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium lehmannianum  (Kraenzl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium lehmannii  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium leleui  R.Jiménez & Soto Arenas   
Oncidium lentiginosum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium leopardinum  Lindl.   
Oncidium lepidum  Linden & Rchb.f.   
Oncidium lepturum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium leucochilum  Bateman ex Lindl.  Y  
Ministry for Primary Industries  RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  
 for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  • 13 Accepted species as listed on POWO  Currently eligible 
for import  
Oncidium leucomelas  (Rchb.f.) Dressler & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium ligiae  Königer   
Oncidium × limbatum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium lindleyoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium lineoligerum  Rchb.f. & Warsz.   
Oncidium lisae  Königer   
Oncidium llanachagaense  (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidiu m lucianianum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium  × ludwigianum  (Roeth) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium  × lueroroides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium luteopurpureum  (Lindl.) Beer   
Oncidium luteum  Rolfe   
Oncidium lutzii  (Königer) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium lykaiosii  R.Vásquez & Dodson   
Oncidium machupicchuense  (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) M.W.Chase & 
N.H.Williams   
Oncidium macrobulbon  (Kraenzl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium maculatum  (Lindl.) Lindl.   
Oncidium × maderoanum  J.M.H .Shaw   
Oncidium maduroi  Dressler   
Oncidium magdalenae  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium magnificum  Senghas   
Oncidium maizifolium  Lindl.   
Oncidium malleiferum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium mandritum  (Szlach. & Kolan.) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium manningianum  Königer   
Oncidium mantense  Dodson & R.Estrada   
Oncidium manuelariasii  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium marinii  (Königer) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium  × marriottianum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium martinezii  Königer   
Oncidium massangei  É.Morren   
Oncidium mathieuanum  Rchb.f. & Warsz.   
Oncidium medinense  (Campacci) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium mexicanum  (L.O.Williams) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium micklowii  (Dalström) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium microstigma  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium millianum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium minaxoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium mirandoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium mirandum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium mixturum  (Dalström & S önnemark) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium morganii  (Dodson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium multistellare  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium  × mulus  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium  × murrellianum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium naevium  (Lindl.) Beer   
Oncidium nebulosum  Lindl.   14 • RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  Ministry for Primary Industries  
for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  Accepted species as listed on POWO  Currently eligible 
for import  
Oncidium neovierlingii  J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium nevadense  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium niesseniae  Königer   
Oncidium nigratum  Lindl. & Paxton   
Oncidium nobile  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium noezlianum  (Mast.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium oblongatum  Lindl.  Y 
Oncidium obryzatoides  Kraenzl.   
Oncidium obryzatum  Rchb.f. & Warsz.  Y 
Oncidium obstipum  Königer & Posada   
Oncidium odoratum  (Lindl.) Beer   
Oncidium oliganthum  (Rchb.f.) L.O.Williams ex Correll  Y 
Oncidium orbatum  Kraenzl.   
Oncidium ornithocephalum  Lindl.   
Oncidium ornithopodum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium ornithorhynchum  Kunth  Y 
Oncidium orthostatoides  D.E.Benn. & Christenson   
Oncidium orthotis  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium oviedomotae  Hágsater   
Oncidium oxyceras  (Königer & J.G.Weinm.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium panamense  Schltr.   
Oncidium panchrysum  Lindl.   
Oncidium panduratoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium panduratum  Rolfe   
Oncidium papilioides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium parviflorum  L.O.Williams   
Oncidium  × pauwelsii  (Rolfe) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium peltiforme  Königer   
Oncidium pentadactylon  Lindl.   
Oncidium pergameneum  Lindl.   
Oncidium perpusillum  (Kraenzl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium pichinchense  (Dodson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium pictum  Kunth   
Oncidium picturatissimum  (Kraenzl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium picturatum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium planilabre  Lindl.   
Oncidium platychilum  Schltr.   
Oncidium platynaris  (Dalström) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium poikilostalix  (Kraenzl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium polyadenium  Lindl.   
Oncidium polycladium  Rchb.f. ex Lindl.   
Oncidium pongratzianum  Königer & J.Portilla   
Oncidium portillae  Königer   
Oncidium portillaellum  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium portilloides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium portmannii  (Bockemühl) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium posadaroides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium posadarum  Königer    
Ministry for Primary Industries  RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  
 for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  • 15 Accepted species as listed on POWO  Currently eligible 
for import  
Oncidium povedanum  (P.Ortiz) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium praenitens  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium praestanoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium  × praevisum  (Rolfe) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium pseudounguiculatum  (Pupulin & Dressler) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium punctulatum  Dressler   
Oncidium putumayense  (P.Ortiz) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium reflexum  Lindl.   
Oncidium regentianum  J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium reichenheimii  (Linden & Rchb.f.) Garay & Stacy   
Oncidium renatoi  (Königer) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium retusum  Lindl.   
Oncidium reversoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium reversum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium rhynchanthum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.C hase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium rionegrense  Archila & Chiron   
Oncidium rodrigoi  Königer   
Oncidium  × rolfei  J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium romanii  Königer   
Oncidium roseoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium rutkisii  Foldats   
Oncidium sarahforsythiae  J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium sathishkumarii  J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium savegrensis  (Pupulin) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium saxicola  Schltr.   
Oncidium sceptrum  (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium schildhaueri  Königer   
Oncidium schillerianum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium schroederianum  (O’Brien) Garay & Stacy   
Oncidium sengerorum  (Königer) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium sergii  (P.Ortiz) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium sessile  Lindl. & Paxton   
Oncidium silvanoi  Königer   
Oncidium sipaliwinense  (Szlach. & Kolan.) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium sotoanum  R.Jiménez & Hágsater   
Oncidium spectatissimum  (Lindl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium sphacelatum  Lindl.  Y 
Oncidium stelligerum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium  × stellimicans  (Rchb.f.) M. W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium stenobulbon  Kraenzl.   
Oncidium stenoglossum  (Schltr.) Dressler & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium storkii  Ames & C.Schweinf.   
Oncidium strictum  (Cogn.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium subnivalis  (Szlach. & Kolan.) J.M. H.Shaw   
Oncidium subuligerum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium surinamense  (Szlach. & Kolan.) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium tectum  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium tenellum  F.Gérard   16 • RMP: Amendments to Importation of Nursery Stock  Ministry for Primary Industries  
for Orchid fleck dichorhavirus  on orchid nursery stock  Accepted species as listed on POWO  Currently eligible 
for import  
Oncidium tenuifolium  (Dalström) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium tenuipes  Kraenzl.   
Oncidium tenuirostre  (Kraenzl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium tenuoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium tetrotis  Rchb.f. & Warsz.   
Oncidium tigratum  Rchb.f. & Warsz.  Y 
Oncidium tigrinum  Lex. Y 
Oncidium tigroides  (C.Schweinf.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium tipuloides  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium toachicum  Dodson   
Oncidium trachycaulon  Schltr.   
Oncidium trimorion  (Königer) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium trinasutum  Kraenzl.   
Oncidium tripudians  (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium tsubotae  Königer   
Oncidium uncinatum  (Pupulin, G.Merino & J.Valle) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium undatiflorum  (Ruiz & Pav.) Pupulin   
Oncidium unguiculatum  Lindl.   
Oncidium unguiculoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium universitas -cuencae  Königer & D.Vázquez   
Oncidium uribei  (Szlach. & Kolan.) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium vallecaucanum  (Szlach. & Kolan.) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium velleum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium vernixium  Linden & Rchb.f.   
Oncidium vierlingii  (Senghas) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium vulcanicum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium wallisii  (Linden & Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium wallisoides  M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium warszewiczii  Rchb.f.   
Oncidium  × wattianum  (Rolfe) J.M.H.Shaw   
Oncidium weddellii  Lindl.   
Oncidium weinmannianum  (Königer) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium wentworthianum  Bateman ex Lindl.  Y 
Oncidium  × wilckeanum  (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium wyattianum  (A.G.Wilson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams   
Oncidium xanthornis  Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl.   
Oncidium zelenkoanum  Dressler & Pupulin   
Oncidium zimmermanniana  (Königer) J.M.H.Shaw