D-DNS 9: 202x  
 
  
 
DOMINICA NATIONAL STANDARD  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT OF USED VEHICLES, 
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT  
 
D-DNS 9: 20xx  
 
 
 
 
©DBOS 20 2x 
Dominica Bureau of Standards  
National Centre of Testing Excellence  
P.O. Box 1015, Stockfarm, Roseau  
Commonwealth of Dominica, W.I.  
Tel.: 767 -275-5921/3017  
Email: info@dominicastandards.org  
 
 
 
 
 
___________ 20 2x      Price Group  ______  
D-DNS 9: 202x  
 
   
COPYRIGHT © 20 2x 
 
This document contains proprietary information, and should not be published, reproduced, copied, 
disclosed or used for any purpose without the prior written approval of the Dominica Bureau of 
Standards (DBOS).  This does not preclude quotation for the purp oses of review or comments. 
Enquiries relating to copyright may be addressed to the Director, Dominica Bureau of Standards  
  
i 
 Draft No.  1 
ISSUED FOR COMMENT ONLY  
DRAFT  
DOMINICA NATIONAL STANDARD  
INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT OF USED VEHICLES, MACHINERY AND 
EQUIPMENT  
D-DNS 9: 202x  
 
 
 
 
 
Last date for comments …………………………..  
 
 
 
DOMINICA BUREAU OF STANDARDS  
National Centre of Testing Excellence  
Stockfarm  
P.O. Box 1015  
Roseau  
COMMONWEALTH OF DOMINICA  
Email: info@dominicastandards.org   
  This is a draft and should not be regarded or used as a 
Dominica National Standard   
ii 
 GENERAL STATEMENT  
 
The Dominica Bureau of Standards was established under the Standards Act (#4) of 1999 and 
started operations in April 2000. A broad -based 15 -member Standards Council governs the affairs 
of the Bureau.  
 
The Standards Act gives the Bureau the responsibility to facilitate the development and promotion 
of Standards and Codes of Practice for products and services for the protection of the health and 
safety of consu mers and the environment as well as for industrial development in order to promote 
the enhancement of the economy of Dominica.  
 
The Bureau develops Standards through consultations with relevant interest groups. In accordance 
with the provisions of the Sta ndards Act, public comment is invited on all draft Standards before 
they are declared as Dominica National Standards (DNS).  
 
The Bureau is a correspondent member body of the International Organization for Standardization 
(ISO), an affiliate member of the International Electro -technical Commission (IEC), and a member 
of the Caribbean Regional Organization for Standards and Quality (CROSQ) and the Pan 
American Standards Commission (COPANT). The Bureau is the local agent for foreign Standard 
Body, the America n Standards for Testing and Measurement (ASTM). The Bureau also serves as 
the enquiry point for the World Trade Organization (WTO) on matters pertaining to the Technical 
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement and is the Contact Point for Codex Alimentarius.  
 
In accordance with good practice for the adoption and application of Standards, Dominica National 
Standards are subject to periodic review every five years.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
iii 
  
 
 
 
Amendments  
 
 
 
Amendment No.   
Date of Issue   
Text (s) Affected  
   
 
   
iv 
 DOMINICA NATIONAL STANDARD  
INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT OF USED VEHICLES, MACHINERY AND 
EQUIPMENT  
 
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE – Food Products, Processes and Services (FPPS)  
 
 
ORGANIZATION  REPRESENTIVE (S)  
(Alternate)  
Dominica Association of Industry and Commerce  Alleyna Robin  
Dominica Export Import Agency  Lloyd Pascal  
Sharon Rolle  
Dominica Manufacturers Association  Linvor Ambo  
Dominica State College  Sharon Allicock Joseph  
Valda Joseph  
IICA  Kent Coipel  
Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Fisheries  Anna Mary Seraphine  
Ministry of Trade, Energy, and Employment  Margaret Roudette  
Jackie Xavier  
TECHNICAL SECRETARY  
Mr. Kyle James  
Technical Officer, DBOS  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
1 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS  
 
0.0 FOREWORD  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 1 
INTRODUCTION  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  3 
References  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  3 
Definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  3 
Outline of requirements ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 3 
BACKGROUND  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  3 
IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT  ................................ ................................ ... 4 
REQUIREMENTS  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  4 
1.1  Elements of pest risk categorization  ................................ ................................ .............................  4 
2.  Phytosanitary Measures  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  5 
2.1  Cleaning and treatment  ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  5 
2.2  Prevention of contamination  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  5 
2.3  Facilities and waste disposal requirements  ................................ ................................ ...................  6 
3.  Verification Procedures ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  6 
4.  Non-compliance and Phytosanitary Actions  ................................ ................................ .........................  6 
ANNEX 1: Guidance on the international movement of used military vehicles, machinery and equipment
 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 8 
1.  Background  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  8 
2.  Objective  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  8 
3.  Guidance  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  8 
APPENDIX 1: Examples of pests that may contaminate used vehicles, machinery and equipment  ..........  10 
APPENDIX 2: Examples of used vehicles, machinery and equipment, ranked in order of decreasing pest 
risk, together with examples of possible phytosanitary measur es and verification procedures  ..................  11 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.0 FOREWORD  
  
2 
 0.1. This Dominica National Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Standards (the 
Bureau) of the Commonwealth of Dominica on  _____________  after the draft was 
finalized by Technical Committee for Food Products, Processes and Services (FPPS) 
and has been approved by the  Minister responsible for the Bureau.  
 
0.2. This Standard became effective as a Compulsory Standard on the date notified by the 
Minister with responsibility for the Bureau of Standards in a Notice published in the 
Commonwealth of Dominica Official Gazette on ________________.  
 
0.3. This standard is an identical adoption of International St andards for Phytosanitary 
Measures (ISPM) 41: 2017 - International Movement of Used Vehicles, Machinery 
and Equipment.  
 
0.4. Acknowledgement is given to International Plant Protection Convention  (IPPC ) for 
providing permission to adopt ISPM 41: 2017.  
 
0.5. Although the editorial style and layout of the ISPM 41: 2017 are not in conformity 
with that of Dominica's Standards, the identical adoption has been approved as suitable 
for publication as a Dominica Nati onal Standard.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
3 
 INTRODUCTION   
Scope   
This standard identifies and categorizes the pest risk associated with used vehicles, machinery and 
equipment (VME) utilized in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, earth moving, surface mining, 
waste management and by the military being moved internationa lly and identifies appropriate 
phytosanitary measures.   
This standard does not cover passenger and commercial transport vehicles moving under their own 
motive power.  
References   
The present standard refers to International Standards for Phytosanitary Me asures (ISPMs). 
ISPMs are available  on  the  International  Phytosanitary  Portal  (IPP)  at 
 https://www.ippc.int/core activities/standards -setting/ispms .  
Definitions   
Definitions of phytosanitary terms used in this standard can be found in ISPM 5 ( Glossary of 
phytosanitary terms ).   
Outline of requirements   
This standard describes phytosanitary measures that may apply to used VME: cleaning and 
treatment, prevention from contamination, requirements for facilities and waste disposal, and 
verification procedures.    
The standard also provides guidance to national plant protection organizations (NPPOs) working 
with the military on phytosanitary measures applicable to the international deployment of used 
military VME.   
BACKGROUND   
Used VME are frequently traded or otherwise moved between countries. They may have been used 
in agriculture and forestry, as well as for construction, industrial purposes, mining and waste 
management. They can also be used military VME that have been subje ct to international 
deployment. Depending on their use, storage or transportation before export, used VME may have 
become contaminated with quarantine pests or regulated articles. When moved internationally as 
either a traded commodity or an operational re location (e.g. in the case of harvesters) used VME 
may carry soil, pests, plant debris or seeds, and they may therefore present a pest risk to the country 
of destination. Depending on their use in the country of destination, they may introduce quarantine 
pests to agricultural, forested, wilderness or other areas.   
New VME may also be contaminated but they are not covered by this standard. However, this does 
not exclude the option that NPPOs of importing countries may require phytosanitary import 
requiremen ts for new vehicles to prevent contamination, similar to those identified in section 2.2., 
if technically justified.    
4 
 Examples of pests that may contaminate used VME are provided in Appendix 1.   
 
Specific guidance is needed for NPPOs regarding the pest r isk associated with the movement and 
storage of used VME and the phytosanitary measures that may be required in order to facilitate 
their safe movement. The phytosanitary measures may be applied with the aim of minimizing their 
negative effect on trade.  
IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT   
The decontamination of used VME may provide a means to prevent the entry of organisms into 
new areas that could be relevant to the biodiversity of those areas (invasive alien species).   
REQUIREMENTS   
1.  Pest R isk  
The main pest risk associated with used VME is contamination with soil, pests, plant debris, and 
seeds and other plant parts capable of propagation. Seeds and other plant parts capable of 
propagation may be of concern because the plant itself can be a  pest or potentially harbour pests. 
Pests that have a resistant or dormant life stage allowing them to survive transport to endangered 
areas are a particular concern.   
The pest risk from contamination of used VME is difficult to assess. Therefore, the nor mal process 
of undertaking pest risk analysis to determine if phytosanitary measures are necessary, and the 
strength of such measures, may not be possible. For this reason, in order to reduce the risk of 
introduction and spread of quarantine pests used VME  moved internationally should be free from 
contamination in accordance with this standard.   
1.1  Elements of pest risk categorization  
The following elements of used VME may affect the level of pest risk:  
- distance of movement: used VME moving on their ow n motive power over short distances 
across borders to be used immediately may pose a low pest risk  
- type: used VME with more complex structure have more areas that may be contaminated  
- origin and prior use: VME used on farms, in crop fields, in forests, in  close proximity to 
vegetation or for transporting organic material are more likely to be contaminated  
- storage: used VME stored outdoors and in close proximity to vegetation or lights that attract 
insects are more likely to be contaminated  
- intended locat ion or use: used VME that will be used in agricultural areas, in forests or in 
close proximity to vegetation are more likely to provide a pathway for the introduction of 
pests.  
In the case of used military VME, exposure to kinetic forces and rigours of combat operations may 
result in external damage and internal penetration of contamination.  
Examples of used VME, ranked in order of decreasing pest risk, together with examples of  possible 
phytosanitary measures and verification procedures, are provided in Appendix 2.   
5 
 2.  Phytosanitary Measures   
Used VME moved internationally should be free from contamination.  
The main groups of phytosanitary measures that may be applied to used VME are described in the 
sections below.  
NPPOs are encouraged to work with military authorities to develop procedures consistent with the 
guidance on the international movement of used military VME provided in Annex 1.   
 
2.1  Cleaning and treatment  
Some of the cleaning methods are:  
- emptying water reservoirs  
- removing debris or filters  
- abrasive blasting  
- pressure washing   
- steam cleaning   
- sweeping and vacuuming    
- compressed air clea ning 
 
Treatments that may be used in addition to cleaning 
are:   
-  chemical treatment (e.g. fumigation, disinfestation)  
- temperature treatment.  
Partial or full dismantling of the used VME may be necessary for effective cleaning or treatment. 
It may be necessary to clean or treat the used VME while they are in operation to ensure that all 
moving parts can be accessed (e.g. agricultural equipment wi th moving parts such as conveyors or 
rollers).  
2.2  Prevention of contamination  
Where clean VME are moved to a storage area, packing area or port of loading or when they are 
transiting through another country, phytosanitary measures may be taken to preve nt contamination. 
These include, as appropriate:   
- storage in appropriate areas with reduced risk from contamination  
- storage and handling on surfaces that prevent contact with soil  
- keeping vegetation around storage areas, packing areas or ports of loadin g short by mowing 
or using weed control in order to reduce the risk of contamination by airborne seeds and 
other pests; consideration may be given to the erection of barriers to limit seed movement 
around storage and loading areas.   
During seasonal pest e mergence periods or occasional pest outbreaks, special consideration may 
be given to phytosanitary measures that prevent pests being attracted to storage and loading areas 
(e.g. restricting the use of artificial lights during night -time operations).    
6 
 2.3  Facilities and waste disposal requirements   
The type of equipment and nature of facilities necessary for cleaning and treatment of used VME 
depend on where these procedures take place. Inspection, cleaning and treatment will normally 
take place in the ex porting country to fulfil the phytosanitary import requirements of the country 
of destination. Facilities in the exporting country may not need elaborate solid waste and 
wastewater management systems as the contamination may be of local origin .   
Facilitie s required for the inspection, cleaning and treatment of used VME may include:   
- surfaces that prevent contact with soil, including soil traps and wastewater management 
systems  
- temperature treatment facilities   
- fumigation or chemical treatment facilities.   
Disposal of soil and contaminated washing water should be in accordance with national or local 
regulations.   
Containment and disposal methods should be sufficient to prevent the spread of pests and may 
include: soil traps, bagging, deep burial, incineration, fumigation, chemical treatment, composting 
and wastewater management syst ems.   
3.  Verification Procedures   
Requirements for documentation to attest that consignments have been cleaned, treated or 
inspected (e.g. cleaning declaration, treatment certificate, inspection declaration, phytosanitary 
certificate) should be determin ed by the NPPO of the country of destination, and should be 
proportionate to the identified pest risk and appropriate for the phytosanitary measures required.   
An NPPO of a country of destination may conduct import inspections to verify that used VME are 
clean. Import inspections may include partial or full dismantling of used VME, and in some cases, 
collection of specimens for identification. Verification of cle anliness may also involve probing 
and flushing hidden areas (e.g. by using water under high pressure or compressed air).   
The NPPO of the exporting country may authorize entities for the treatment of used VME. The 
cleaning of used VME may also be conducte d by entities other than the NPPO.   
The cleaning of used military VME may be performed and verified by military personnel when 
requested by the NPPO or in conformance with an agreement between the NPPO and military 
authorities.  
4.  Non-compliance and Phy tosanitary Actions   
Where non -compliance occurs, the NPPO of the country of destination may take phytosanitary 
action as outlined in ISPM 20 ( Guidelines for a phytosanitary import regulatory system ) and 
should notify the exporting country (ISPM 13 ( Guidel ines for the notification of non -compliance 
and emergency action )).   
Examples of phytosanitary actions that may be taken are detention, cleaning, treatment or 
reshipment of the used VME found to be contaminated. Where contaminated used VME need to 
be tran sported to another location for cleaning and treatment, the NPPO should ensure that  
7 
 contamination is suitably contained (e.g. by containerization), in accordance with national or local 
regulations.  
   
8 
 This annex is a prescriptive part of the standard.  
ANNEX 1: Guidance on the international movement of used military vehicles, machinery 
and equipment  
1.  Background   
The international movement of used military vehicles, machinery an d equipment (VME) may 
present a risk for the introduction of pests with soil, pests, plant debris and seeds to the countries 
of both deployment and redeployment. Examples of pests that may contaminate used military 
VME are provided in Appendix 1 of this st andard. Movements of used military VME occur 
continually around the world and encompass many different conveyances and cargo storage 
conditions.   
The international movement of used military VME may present a practical problem to national 
plant protection organizations (NPPOs). In many countries, NPPOs have no or limited access to 
the military because of security issues. For this reason, the approach taken in managing the pest 
risk related to the commercial and private shipping of used VME may not be applic able to the 
military. Consequently, military authorities are encouraged to commit to using this guidance.   
2.  Objective   
The objective of this guidance is that used military VME are clean of soil, pests, plant debris and 
seeds before they are moved inte rnationally (e.g. for training, missions and deployment).   
3.  Guidance   
Military authorities should ensure that used VME are cleaned according to the phytosanitary 
import requirements developed by the NPPO of the country of destination. Cleaning methods 
may consist of, for example:   
- emptying water reservoirs   
- removing debris or filters   
- abrasive blasting  
- pressure washing   
- steam cleaning   
- sweeping and vacuuming   
- compressed air cleaning.   
These cleaning methods may need to be carried out in combination with partial or full 
dismant ling of the used VME to ensure they are cleaned to a high standard. For specialized 
military VME, military authorities are encouraged to develop specific procedures and manuals.  
Additional treatments may be required, such as:  
- chemical treatment (e.g. fum igation, disinfestation)   
- temperature treatment.   
Wood packaging material associated with used military VME should be compliant with ISPM 
15 (Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade ).    
9 
 Military authorities are encouraged to liaise w ith the NPPOs in their home country. Military 
authorities are also encouraged to liaise with the NPPO in the country of deployment, where 
practical. Contact information for NPPOs is available on the IPP ( https://www .ippc.int ).   
Military authorities are encouraged to implement verification procedures to ensure the 
appropriate cleaning and treatment for used military VME has been carried out before 
deployment.  
   
10 
 This appendix is for reference purposes only and is not a prescriptive part of the standard.  
APPENDIX 1: Examples of pests that may contaminate used vehicles, machinery and  
equipment  
- Achatina fulica , as aestivating adults   
- Beet necrotic yellow vein virus , transmitted through soil via spores of its vector Polymyxa 
betae    
- Chromolaena odorata , as seeds or in soil  
- Clavibacter michiganensis  subsp. sepedonicus , in plant residues   
- Coptotermes formosanus , in wood and soil  
- Fusarium guttiforme , in soil and host  plant residues  
- Fusarium oxysporum , in soil and host plant residues  
- Globodera  spp., in soil and host plant residues  
- Halyomorpha halys , as overwintering adults  
- Lymantria dispar , as diapausing egg masses   
- Miconia calvescens , as seeds in soil  
- Orgyia thy ellina , as diapausing pupae   
- Phytophthora ramorum , in soil   
- Solenopsis invicta , as eggs, larvae and adults, and nests  
- Sorghum halepense , as rhizomes and seeds  
- Tilletia indica , as spores in soil and on wheat seed residues     
11 
 This appendix is for referen ce purposes only and is not a prescriptive part of the standard.  
APPENDIX 2: Examples of used vehicles, machinery and equipment, ranked in order of 
decreasing pest risk, together with examples of possible phytosanitary measures and 
verification procedures  
 
Category    Contamination 
notes    Phytosanitary 
measures    Verification 
procedures    
Agricultural, forestry and 
horticultural used VME, 
such as:   
- harvesters   
- sawmill machinery   
- logging trucks   
- animal transport vehicles   
- compost and manure 
trailers  
- tractors  
-  tools.   
Reconditioned or field -
tested used VME are 
included.   
This category is usually 
considered to be high pest 
risk.  Contaminants:   
- soil   
- pests   
- plant debris   
- seeds  
  Abrasive blasting   
Emptying open water 
reservoirs, removing 
debris   
Pressure washing   
Steam cleaning   
Sweeping and 
vacuuming 
Compressed air 
cleaning Chemical 
treatment (e.g. 
fumigation, 
disinfestation) 
Temperature treatment  Cleaning 
declaration   
Treatment 
certificate   
Inspection (may 
include dismantling 
and testing) 
Phytosanitary 
certificate  
Authorizat ion and 
audit   
Earth moving used 
VME, such as:   
- bulldozers  
- graders   
- surface mining 
equipment.  
Reconditioned or field -
tested used VME are 
included.   
 
Pest risk is variable, but 
high levels of 
contamination may occur 
in this category.  Soil is the main 
contaminant; 
pests, plant 
debris and seeds 
can also be 
contaminants  
  Abrasive blasting   
Emptying open water 
reservoirs, removing 
debris   
Pressure wash ing   
Steam cleaning   
Sweeping and 
vacuuming   
Compressed air 
cleaning Chemical 
treatment (e.g. 
fumigation, 
disinfestation)   Cleaning 
declaration   
Treatment 
certificate   
Inspection (may 
include dismantling 
and testing) 
Phytosanitary 
certificate  
Authorization and 
audit    
12 
 Category    Contamination 
notes    Phytosanitary 
measures    Verification 
procedures    
Used military VME, such 
as: 
- trucks   
- tanks   
- personnel carriers   
- rolling stock.  
 
Pest risk is variable, but 
used military VME are 
often used off -road and 
stored outdoors, leading to 
a higher risk.  Contaminants:   
- soil   
- pests   
- plant debris   
- seeds  
  Emptying open water 
reservoirs, removing 
debris   
Pressure washing   
Steam cleaning  
Compressed air 
cleaning Chemical 
treatment (e.g. 
fumigation, 
disinfestation  (See Annex 1 of 
this standard)   
Waste management used 
VME, such as:  
- rubbish/garbage/waste  
trucks  
- waste sorting 
equipment.   
Reconditioned used VME 
are included.   
Bulldozers used in 
landfills are considered 
under earth moving VME.  Organic waste 
debris is the 
main 
contaminant, 
including:   
- soil   
- pests   
- plant debris  Abrasive blasting   
Emptying open water 
reservoirs, removing 
debris  
Pressure washing   
Steam cleaning   
Sweeping and 
vacuuming Chemical 
treatment (e.g. 
fumigation, 
disinfestation)   Cleaning 
declaration   
Treatment 
certificate   
Inspection (may 
include dismantling 
and testing) 
Phytosanitary 
certificate  
Authorization and 
audit   
Deep mining used VME.   
The most likely 
contaminants are soil and 
to a lesser extent pests. 
Pest risk is generally low 
unless used VME are 
contaminated with  
surface soil. It can be 
difficult to determine the 
prior use and whether or 
not used VME were used  
for surface mining.     Abrasive blasting   
Emptying open water 
reservoirs, removing 
debris   
Pressure washing   
Steam cleaning   Cleaning 
declaration   
Inspection (may 
include dismantling 
and testing)   
    
13 
 Category    Contamination 
notes    Phytosanitary 
measures    Verification 
procedures    
Used industrial VME 
used outdoors, such as:   
- cranes   
- forklifts.   
 
Pest risk is variable, but 
generally low unless used 
VME are used in close 
proximity to vegetation or 
are contaminated with 
soil.     Abrasive blasting   
Emptying open water 
reservoirs, removing 
debris   
Pressure washing   
Steam cleaning   Cleaning 
declaration 
Inspection   
Used vehicles, such as:  
- cars, vans, trucks, 
buses  
- off-road vehicles (e.g. 
motorbikes, quad 
bikes, fourwheel 
drives)  
- locomotives and 
engines  
- used parts  
- trailers   
- attached tyres.   
 
Extremely variable pest 
risk, with some used 
vehicles at higher risk but 
many at low risk. This 
category has a large 
volume of used, traded 
vehicles.  Contaminants:   
- soil   
- pests   
- plant debris   
- seeds  
  Abrasive blasting   
Emptying open water 
reservoirs, removing 
debris   
Pressure washing   
Steam cleaning   
Sweeping and 
vacuuming   
Chemical treatment 
(e.g. fumigation, 
disinfestation) 
Temperature treatment  Cleaning 
declaration   
Treatment 
certificate   
Inspection (may 
includ e dismantling 
and testing)   
VME, vehicles, machinery and equipment.  
   
14 
  
 
Dominica Bureau of Standards  
 
Dominica Bureau of Standards is a statutory body established under the Standards Act No. 4 of 
1999 to establish, promote and maintain Standards for:  
a. Improving goods and services produced or used in Dominica;  
b. Processes and practices for ensuring industrial efficiency and development;  
c. Public and industrial welfare, health and safety;  
d. Safeguarding the environment.  
 
The National Standard Council  
 
The National Standard Council (NSC), a fourteen (14) member Council representing various 
interest groups, is appointed by the Minister responsible for the Dominica Bureau of Standards 
yearly, to guide the policy decision mat ters of the Bureau and oversee its financial management. 
The Council is also responsible for the general administrative affairs of the Dominica Bureau of 
Standards.