WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/L/763 
21 July 2009 
 
 (09-3564) 
General Council 
28-29 July 2009 Original:   English 
 
 
 
EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES' PREFERENCES FOR ALBANIA, BOSNIA AND 
HERZEGOVINA, CROATIA, KOSOVO1, SERBIA, MONTENEGRO AND 
THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 
 
Report of the European Community un der the Decision of 28 July 20062 
   The following communication, dated 20 July 2009, is being circulated at the request of the Delegation of the European Commission. 
 
_______________ 
 
 
1. Introduction 
1. On 8 December 2000, the EU was granted a wa iver (WT/L/380) from its obligations under 
paragraph 1 of Article I of the GATT 1994 to the extent necessary to permit the European Community 
to afford duty-free or preferential treatment to e ligible products originating in Albania, Bosnia-
Herzegovina, Croatia, the former  Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Serbia and Montenegro, 
without being required to extend the same duty-free or  preferential treatment to like products of any 
other member.  This waiver expired on 31 December 2006. 
2. With a view to maintaining the current system  in place, the European Community requested 
an extension of the Western Balkans Waiver, whic h was adopted by the WTO General Council at its 
meeting on 27-28 July 2006 (WT/L/654).  This waiver  covers products originating in Albania, Bosnia 
and Herzegovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and 
Kosovo. The waiver will expire on 31 December 2011. 
3. Under the terms of this waiver, the European Community is required to submit to the General 
Council an annual report on the preferences and dut y-free treatment afforded to products from the 
countries listed in paragraph 1, including the extent  to which such preferen ces and duty-free treatment 
differ from the European Communities' MFN and G SP concessions, with a view to facilitating the 
annual review provided for in paragr aph 4 of Article IX of the WTO Agreement.  This report covers 
the calendar year 2008. 
4. The EU trade regime vis-à-vis  these countries is currently regulated by the granting of 
autonomous trade preferences and by the conclusion of Stabilization and Association Agreements.  
                                                     
 
1 Under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244. 
2 WT/L/654. WT/L/763 
Page 2  
 
  2. Autonomous trade preferences 
5. Before 2000, the European Union already had a liberal trade regime towards the Western 
Balkans, allowing more than 80 per cent of regional exports to enter the European Union duty-free.  
On 1 December 2000 the EU Council of Ministers ex tended the duty-free access to the EU market for 
products originating from this area even further. 
6. The reason for such an extension was that th e general level of imports from the Western 
Balkans countries remained very low, being less than  one per cent of all Community imports.  It was, 
therefore, considered appropriate to further im prove the Community's autonomous trade preferences 
by removing all remaining tariff ceilings for indu strial and agricultural products and by further 
improving access to the Community market for agricultural and fishery products. 
7. Further market opening is expected to contribute to the process of political and economic 
stabilisation in the region.  Fully liberalized access  to the markets of the European Union is also 
foreseen as part of the Stabilization and Association Agreements. 
3. The Stabilization and Association Agreements 
8. The Stabilization and Association Agreements, which the EU is progressively concluding 
with the countries of the Western Balkans, are tools  which provide, much as the Europe Agreements 
did for the candidate countries in Central Euro pe, for the economic development and political 
stabilisation of the countries in the region, and to establish a close, long-term association between the 
EU and the Western Balkans. 
9. The Stabilization and Association Agreements aim at creating a free trade area for goods 
among the parties over a transitional period in line with Article XXIV of the GATT 1994 and 
envisages a progressive and reciprocal liberalisation of trade in services. Associated disciplines in 
areas such as competition and state aid rules, intell ectual property, public procurement, etc. are also 
envisaged. 
10. Six agreements of this kind have been concl uded so far: with the former Yugoslav Republic 
of Macedonia,  Croatia,  Albania, Bosnian and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia. The 
Stabilization and Association Agreement with th e former Yugoslav Republic  of Macedonia entered 
into force on 1 April 2004, the one with Croatia en tered in force on 1 Februa ry 2005 and the one with 
Albania on 1 April 2009. The Stabilization and Associ ation Agreement with Bo snia and Herzegovina, 
Montenegro are undergoing ratification in each EU Member State. The negotiations on the Stabilization and Association Agreement with Serbia  are concluded but the agreement is not yet in 
force.  
11. As the ratification procedures of these Stabilisation and Association Agreements take a 
significant period of time, the trad e provisions of these agreements en tered into force by means of 
interim agreements on 1 June 2001 for the former  Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 1 March 2002 
for Croatia, 1
 December 2006 for Albania, 1 January 2008 for Montenegro, 1 July 2008 for Bosnia 
and Herzegovina. The entry into force of the inte rim agreement with Serbia is suspended. All the 
agreements establish a free trade ar ea with the concerned country in line with the obligations foreseen 
in Article XXIV of the GATT 1994. At the same ti me they allow the continuation of the autonomous 
preferences where these provide more favourable c onditions for the export of the goods originating in 
Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,  Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro 
and also for Serbia once the interim agreement enters into force. At the present moment almost all the 
countries in the region have in place interim agreem ents or stabilisation and association agreements 
with the EU.  Hence, keeping the autonomous pr eferences is of utmost importance for Kosovo and 
Serbia.  WT/L/763 
 Page 3 
 
 
  4. Trade with the countries of the Western Balkans 
12. In the year 2008 EU imports from the Western Balkans concentrated primarily on transport 
equipment and chemicals.  However, the trade balance for the countries of the Western Balkans 
remained negative for all sectors.  Total trade with the Western Balkan s remained also low, at 1.6 per 
cent of total EU trade with the rest of the worl d.  The stabilization of the area and the new export 
opportunities described in the precedent paragraphs  should help the Western Balkans countries to 
diversify their economies and to am eliorate such a trade balance. 
13. Statistical annexes are provided to present a de tailed description of the EU trade relations 
with the countries of the Western Balkans for the year 2008.  The first annex describes the trade 
relations with the countries of the Western Balkan s as a whole, while the remaining annexes describe 
in detail the trade relations with each country of the region. WT/L/763 
Page 4  
 
   
ANNEX 1:  WESTERN BALKANS 
 
 
Population in Mio  22.4 
Area in 1000skm (2007) 265 
Gross Domestic Product in BN € 112.2 
GDP Per Capita in euro 4,234 
 
EU 27 TRADE WITH WESTERN BALKANS 
 
  
  IMPORTS 
Rank 2008:- EXPORTS  
Rank 2008:- TRADE  
BALANCE 
Year Value (Mio €) Share of 
total EU 
imports 
(%) Value (Mio €) Share of 
total EU 
exports 
(%) Value (Mio €) 
2004 8,073   0.8   20,554  2.2   12,480  
2005 8,990 0.8 21,429 2.0 12,439 
2006 11,544   0.9   24,929  2.2   13,385  
2007 13,291   0.9   28,782  2.3   15,491  
2008 13,868 0.9 32,478 2.5 18,611 
 
MAIN PRODUCTS IN 2008 
 
EU 27 Imports EU 27 Exports Balance 
SITC Rev.3  
Product 
Groups Value 
(Mio €) Share 
by 
product 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) SITC Rev.3 
Product 
Groups Value 
(Mio €) Share 
by 
product 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) Value 
(Mio €) 
TOTAL 13,868 0.89   100.0 TOTAL 32,478 2.48   100.0  18,611   
Agricultural products 1,527   1.40   11.0 Agricultural 
products 2,847   3.61   8.8  1,320   
Energy 404   0.09   2.9 Energy 2,446   3.04   7.5  2,042   
Non-
agricultural 
raw materials 46   0.06   0.3 Non-
agricultural 
raw materials 104   2.41   0.3  58   
Office/ 
telecom 
Equipment 220   0.13   1.6 Office/ 
telecom 
Equipment 1,617   1.98   5.0 1,397   
Power/non-
electrical 
mach. 1,362   1.25   9.8 Power/non-
electrical 
mach. 4,104   1.57   12.6  2,742   
Transport 
equipment 756   0.79   5.5 Transport 
equipment 4,442   2.33   13.7  3,686   
Chemicals 1,026   0.83   7.4 Chemicals 4,091   2.03   12.6  3,065    WT/L/763 
 Page 5 
 
 
  EU 27 Imports EU 27 Exports Balance 
SITC Rev.3  
Product 
Groups Value 
(Mio €) Share 
by 
product 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) SITC Rev.3 
Product 
Groups Value 
(Mio €) Share 
by 
product 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) Value 
(Mio €) 
Textiles and clothing 1,573   1.95   11.3 Textiles and 
clothing 1,836   5.31   5.7  263   
Iron and 
steel 1,576   3.69   11.4 Iron and 
steel 1,462   3.53   4.5  -114  
 
World excluding Intra-EU trade and European Union: 27 members. 
Source : Eurostat (Comext), FMI. 
 
 WT/L/763 
Page 6  
 
  ANNEX 2: ALBANIA 
 
Population in Mio  3.2 
Area in 1000skm (2007) 29 
Gross Domestic Product in BN € 8.8 
GDP Per Capita in euro 2,770 
 
EU 27 TRADE WITH ALBANIA 
 
  
  IMPORTS 
Rank 2008: 84 EXPORTS  
Rank 2008: 65 TRADE 
BALANCE 
Year Value 
(Mio €) Share of 
total EU 
imports Value  
(Mio €) Share of total EU 
exports Value (Mio €) 
2004 398 0.04 1.276 0.1 878 
2005 417 0.04 1.383 0.1 966 
2006 496 0.04 1.541 0.1 1,045 
2007 602 0.04 1.805 0.1 1,203 
2008 688 0.04 2.002 0.1 1,314 
 
MAIN PRODUCTS 2008 
 
EU 27 Imports EU 27 Exports Balance
SITC Rev.3  
Product 
Groups Val 
(Mio €)Share by 
products 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) SITC Rev.3 
Product 
Groups Val 
(Mio €) Share 
by 
produc
ts (%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) Value 
(Mio €) 
TOTAL 688 0.0 100.0 TOTAL 2002 0.1 100.0 1,314 
Agricultural 
products 51 0.0 7.4 Agricultural 
products 321 0.4 16.1 270 
Energy 70 0.0 10.1 Energy 77 0.1 3.8 7 
Non-agricultural raw materials 1 0.0 0.1 Non-
agricultural raw 
materials 6 0.1 0.3 6 
Office/telecom 
Equipment 4 0.0 0.6 Office/telecom 
Equipment 106 0.1 5.3 102 
Power/non-
electrical mach. 24 0.0 3.5 Power/non-
electrical mach. 228 0.1 11.4 204 
Transport 
equipment 3 0.0 0.5 Transport 
equipment 142 0.1 7.1 139 
Chemicals 2 0.0 0.3 Chemicals 206 0.1 10.3 204 
Textiles and clothing 192 0.2 27.9 Textiles and 
clothing 208 0.6 10.4 16 
Iron and steel 32 0.0 4.7 Iron and steel 52 0.1 2.6 20 
 
World excluding Intra-EU trade and European Union: 27 members. 
Source : Eurostat (Comext), FMI.  WT/L/763 
 Page 7 
 
 
   
ANNEX 3: BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 
 
Population in Mio  4 
Area in 1000skm (2007) 51 
Gross Domestic Product in BN euro  12.6 
GDP Per Capita in euro 3,145 
 
EU 27 TRADE WITH BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 
 
  
  IMPORTS 
Rank 2008: 67 EXPORTS  
Rank 2008: 51 TRADE 
BALANCE 
Year Value 
(Mio €) Share of total 
EU imports Value 
(Mio €) Share of total 
EU exports Value (Mio €) 
2004 1,019 0.1 2,388 0.3 1,369 
2005 1,332 0.1 2,871 0.3 1,538 
2006 1,725 0.1 2,882 0.2 1,158 
2007 1,829 0.1 3,123 0.3 1,293 
2008 1,935 0.1 3,738 0.3 1,803 
 
MAIN PRODUCTS 2008 
 
EU 27 Imports  EU 27 Exports  Balance
SITC Rev.3  
Product 
Groups Val 
(Mio €) Share by 
products 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) SITC Rev.3  
Product 
Groups Val 
(Mio €) Share by 
products 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) Value 
(Mio €) 
TOTAL 1,935 0.1 100.0 TOTAL 3,738 0.3 100.0 1,803 
Agricultural 
products 165 0.2 8.5 Agricultural 
products 450 0.6 12.0 285 
Energy 37 0.0 1.9 Energy 239 0.3 6.4 201 
Non-agricultural 
raw materials 1 0.0 0.0 Non-agricultural 
raw materials 28 0.3 0,8 27 
Office/telecom 
Equipment 5 0.0 0.3 Office/telecom 
Equipment 143 0.2 3.8 138 
Power/non-electrical mach. 347 0.3 18.0 Power/non-
electrical mach. 481 0.2 12.9 134 
Transport 
equipment 128 0.1 6.6 Transport 
equipment 499 0.3 13.3 370 
Chemicals 75 0.1 3.9 Chemicals 461 0.2 12.3 386 
Textiles and 
clothing 153 0.2 7.9 Textiles and 
clothing 200 0.6 5.4 47 
Iron and steel 76 0.2 3.9 Iron and steel 176 0.4 4.7 99 
 
World excluding Intra-EU trade and European Union: 27 members. 
Source : Eurostat (Comext), FMI. WT/L/763 
Page 8  
 
  ANNEX 4: CROATIA 
 
 
 
  
 
 
EU 27 TRADE WITH CROATIA 
 
  
  IMPORTS 
Rank 2008: 49 EXPORTS 
Rank 2008:23 TRADE 
BALANCE 
Year Value 
(Mio €) Share of 
total EU 
imports Value 
(Mio €) Share of total 
EU exports Value (Mio €) 
2004 4,004 0.39 9,971 1.05 5,967 
2005 4,077 0.35 10,732 1.02 6,654 
2006 4,891 0.36 12,362 1.07 7,472 
2007 4,974 0.35 13,256 1.07 8,281 
2008 5,166 0.33 14,317 1.09 9,151 
 
MAIN PRODUCTS 2008 
 
EU 27 Imports EU 27 Exports  Balance
SITC Rev.3  
Product 
Groups Value 
(Mio €) Share by 
products 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) SITC Rev.3 
Product 
Groups Value 
(Mio €) Share b y 
products 
(%) Share of 
totals 
(%) Value 
(Mio €) 
TOTAL 5,166 0.3 100.0 TOTAL 14,317 1.1 100.0 9,151 
Agricultural products 601 0.6 11.6 Agricultural 
products 1,242 1.6 8.7 640 
Energy 257 0.1 5.0 Energy 1,170 1.5 8.2 913 
Non-agricultural 
raw materials 19 0.0 0.4 Non-
agricultural raw 
materials 26 1.2 0.2 7 
Office/telecom 
Equipment 141 0.1 2.7 Office/telecom 
Equipment 728 0.9 5.1 587 
Power/non-
electrical mach. 629 0.6 12.2 Power/non-
electrical mach. 1,713 0.7 12.0 1,083 
Transport 
equipment 382 0.4 7.4 Transport 
equipment 2,173 1.1 15.2 1,791 
Chemicals 484 0.4 9.4 Chemicals 1,766 0.9 12.3 1,282 
Textiles and 
clothing 441 0.5 8.5 Textiles and 
clothing 662 1.9 4.6 220 
Iron and steel 46 0.1 0.9 Iron and steel 637 1.5 4.4 590 
 
World excluding Intra-EU trade and European Union: 27 members. 
Source : Eurostat (Comext), FMI. Population in Mio  4.4 
Area in 1000skm (2007) 57 
Gross Domestic Product in BN € 47 
GDP Per Capita in euro 10,625  WT/L/763 
 Page 9 
 
 
  ANNEX 5: FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 
 
 
 
  
 
 
EU 27 TRADE WITH FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 
 
  
  IMPORTS 
Rank 2008:68 EXPORTS  
Rank 2008: 60 TRADE 
BALANCE 
Year Value 
(Mio €) Share of 
total EU 
imports Value 
(Mio 
€) Share of total EU 
exports Value (Mio 
€) 
2004 820 0.08 1,517 0.16 697 
2005 1,018 0.09 1,567 0.15 550 
2006 1,304 0.10 1,832 0.16 528 
2007 1,866 0.13 2,082 0.17 217 
2008 1,767 0.11 2,540 0.19 773 
 
MAIN PRODUCTS 2008 
 
EU 27 Imports EU 27 Exports Balance 
SITC Rev.3 
Product 
Groups Value 
(Mio €) Share by 
products 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) SITC Rev.3 
Product 
Groups Value 
(Mio €) Share by 
products 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) Value 
(Mio €) 
TOTAL 1.767 0.1  100.0 TOTAL 2.540 0.2 100.0 773 
Agricultural 
products 154 0.1 8.7 Agricultural 
products 236 0.3 9.3 83 
Energy 3 0.0 0.1 Energy 106 0.1 4.2 103 
Non-
agricultural 
raw materials 1 0.0 0.0 Non-
agricultural 
raw materials 5 0.1 0.2 4 
Office/telecom
Equipment 4 0.0 0.2 Office/telecom
Equipment 114 0.1 4.5 110 
Power/non-
electrical 
mach. 17 0.0 1.0 Power/non-
electrical 
mach. 239 0.1 9.4 222 
Transport 
equipment 46 0.0 2.6 Transport 
equipment 283 0.1 11.2 238 
Chemicals 30 0.0 1.7 Chemicals 269 0.1 10.6 239 
Textiles and 
clothing 481 0.6 27.2 Textiles and 
clothing 316 0.9 12.4 -165 
Iron and steel 630 1.5 35.7 Iron and steel 281 0.7 11.1 -349 
 
World excluding Intra-EU trade and European Union: 27 members. 
Source : Eurostat (Comext), FMI. 
 Population in Mio  2.1 
Area in 1000skm (2007) 26 
Gross Domestic Product in BN € 6.5 
GDP Per Capita in euro 3,166 WT/L/763 
Page 10  
 
  ANNEX 6: KOSOVO 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
EU 27 TRADE WITH KOSOVO 
 
  
  IMPORTS 
Rank 2008: 145 EXPORTS  
Rank 2008: 112 TRADE 
BALANCE 
Year Value 
(Mio €) Share of total 
EU imports Value 
(Mio €) Share of 
total EU 
exports Value (Mio €) 
2005 12 0.00 155 0.01 143 
2006 28 0.00 280 0.02 252 
2007 47 0.00 423 0.03 376 
2008 86 0.01 533 0.04 447 
 
MAIN PRODUCTS 2008 
 
EU 27 Imports  EU 27 Exports  Balance 
SITC Rev.3  
Product 
Groups Value 
(Mio €) Share by 
products 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) SITC Rev.3 
Product 
Groups Value 
(Mio €) Share by 
products 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) Value 
(Mio €) 
TOTAL 86 0.1 100.0 TOTAL 533 0.04 100.0 447 
Agricultural products 6 0.1 6.6 Agricultural 
products 112 0.14 21.0 106 
Energy 0 0.0 0.0 Energy 70 0.09 13.1 70 
Non-agricultural raw materials 0 0.0 0.0 Non-
agricultural raw materials 1 0.09 0.2 1 
Office/telecom
Equipment 1 0.0 0.9 Office/telecom
Equipment 27 0.03 5.2 27 
Power/non-
electrical 
mach. 1 0.0 0.7 Power/non-
electrical 
mach. 55 0.02 10.4 55 
Transport 
equipment 1 0.0 0.6 Transport 
equipment 49 0.03 9.2 48 
Chemicals 0 0.0 0.3 Chemicals 59 0.03 11.0 58 
Textiles and 
clothing 0 0.0 0.1 Textiles and 
clothing 11 0.03 2.0 10 
Iron and steel 52 0.12 61.2 Iron and steel 8 0.02 1.5 -44 
 
World excluding Intra-EU trade and European Union: 27 members. 
Source : Eurostat (Comext), FMI. 
 Population in Mio  2.1 
Area in 1000skm (2007) 10.9 
Gross Domestic Product in BN € (2006) 3,192 
GDP Per Capita in euro (2006) 1,520  WT/L/763 
 Page 11 
 
 
  ANNEX 7: SERBIA 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EU 27 TRADE WITH SERBIA 
 
  
  IMPORTS 
Rank 2008: 52 EXPORTS  
Rank 2008: 31 TRADE 
BALANCE 
Year Value (Mio 
€) Share of total 
EU imports Value (Mio 
€) Share of total 
EU exports Value (Mio €) 
2005* 1,177   0.1  2,610  0.2  1,433  
2006 2,835   0.2  5,792  0.5  2,957  
2007 3,677   0.3  7,845  0.6  4,168  
2008 4,052 0.3 9,011 0.7 4,959 
2005* : june2005-December 2005 
 
MAIN PRODUCTS 2008 
 
EU 27 Imports  EU 27 Exports  Balance 
SITC Rev.3  
Product 
Groups Value 
(Mio €) Share by 
products 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) SITC Rev.3 
Product 
Groups Value 
(Mio €) Share by 
products 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) Value 
(Mio €) 
TOTAL 4,052 0.3 100.0 TOTAL 9,011 0.7 100.0 4,959 
Agricultural products 548 0.5 13.5 Agricultural 
products 486 0.6 5.4 -61 
Energy 38 0.0 0.9 Energy 802 1.0 8.9 765 
Non-
agricultural 
raw materials 24 0.0 0.6 Non-
agricultural 
raw materials 39 0.7 0.4 15 
Office/telecom
Equipment 66 0.0 1.6 Office/telecom 
Equipment 479 0.6 5.3 414 
Power/non-
electrical 
mach. 337 0.3 8.3 Power/non-
electrical 
mach. 1,314 0.5 14.6 977 
Transport 
equipment 195 0.2 4.8 Transport 
equipment 1,205 0.6 13.4 1,011 
Chemicals 427 0.3 10.5 Chemicals 1,315 0.7 14.6 888 
Textiles and 
clothing 304 0.4 7.5 Textiles and 
clothing 416 1.2 4.6 112 
Iron and steel 760 1.8 18.8 Iron and steel 299 0.7 3.3 -460 
 
World excluding Intra-EU trade and European Union: 27 members. 
Source : Eurostat (Comext), FMI. 
 
 Population in Mio  8 
Area in 1000skm (2007) 88 
Gross Domestic Product in BN € 34 
GDP Per Capita in euro 4,611 WT/L/763 
Page 12  
 
  ANNEX 8: MONTENEGRO 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
EU 27 TRADE WITH MONTENEGRO 
 
  
  IMPORTS 
Rank 2008: 115 EXPORTS  
Rank 2008: 92 TRADE 
BALANCE 
Year Value 
(Mio €) Share of total 
EU imports Value 
(Mio €) Share of 
total EU 
exports Value (Mio €) 
2005* 85 0.01 284 0.0 199 
2006 293 0.02 519 0.0 227 
2007 343 0.02 672 0.1 330 
2008 261 0.02 870 0.1 609 
2005* : june2005-December 2005 
 
MAIN PRODUCTS 2008 
 
EU 27 Imports  EU 27 Exports  Balance 
SITC Rev.3  
Product 
Groups Value 
(Mio €) Share by 
products 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) SITC Rev.3 
Product 
Groups Value 
(Mio €) Share by 
products 
(%) Share 
of 
totals 
(%) Value 
(Mio €) 
TOTAL 261 0.0 100.0 TOTAL 870 0.1 100.0 609 
Agricultural 
products 8 0.0 3.1 Agricultural 
products 112 0.1 12.8 104 
Energy 0 0.0  0.0 Energy 52 0.1 5.9 52 
Non-agricultural 
raw materials 0 0.0 0.1 Non-
agricultural 
raw materials 0 0.1 0.0 0 
Office/telecom
Equipment 0 0.0 0.1 Office/telecom
Equipment 48 0.1 5.5 47 
Power/non-
electrical 
mach. 8 0.0 2.9 Power/non-
electrical 
mach. 130 0.0 14.9 122 
Transport 
equipment 2 0.0 0.8 Transport 
equipment 140 0.1 16.0 137 
Chemicals 7 0.0 2.8 Chemicals 74 0.0 8.5 67 
Textiles and clothing 2 0.0 0.8 Textiles and 
clothing 34 0.1 3.9 32 
Iron and steel 31 0.1 12.0 Iron and steel 18 0.0 2.0 -14 
 
World excluding Intra-EU trade and European Union: 27 members. 
Source : Eurostat (Comext), FMI.  
 
 
__________  Population in Mio  0.7 
Area in 1000skm (2007) 14 
Gross Domestic Product in BN € 3.3 
GDP Per Capita in euro 4,714