RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2 
17 June 2009 
 
 (09-2964) 
Working Party on the 
Accession of the Lao PDR Original:   English 
 
 
 
ACCESSION OF THE LAO PDR 
 
Offer on Specific Commitments in Services  
 
Revision  
   The following submission, dated 12 June 2009, is  being circulated at the request of the 
Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). 
 
_______________ 
  
 Lao PDR, as a least-developed country, h as presented this offer taking in account the 
Decision of the General Council on LDCs' accession of 10 December 2002, particularly with regard to 
the guidelines for market access negotiations.  Lao PDR requests Members to exercise restraint in 
seeking commitments on services trade from acceding LDCs, taking into consideration the levels of commitments undertaken by existing WTO LDC Memb ers, and to be commensurate with Lao PDR's 
development, financial and trade needs, in line w ith the spirit of Article IV and XIX of the GATS. 
 
 Lao PDR has also taken into consideration fl exibility provided for in the Modalities for LDCs' 
Negotiations, 3 September 2003.  Lao PDR also ur ges Members to facilitat e and accelerate its 
accession in accordance with paragraph 42 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration.  
_______________  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2 
Page 2 Modes of supply: (1) Cross-Border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS (APPLICABLE TO A LL SECTORS INCLUDED IN THIS SCHEDULE) 
Land ownership  (3), (4) Non-Lao PDR natural and 
juridical persons are not allowed to own land but may own premises and 
lease land up to 75 years.  
Subsidies and investment incentives  (1), (2), (3), (4) Unbound with respect to 
subsidies, investment incentives and other state support measures, 
eligibility for which may be limited 
to particular regions, categories of persons, or enterprises.  
Commercial presence (3) To esta blish a commercial presence, 
a services provider must be 
incorporated in specific legal form in accordance with laws and 
regulations of Lao PDR. 
  
 
(3) Unbound for measures related to 
publicly funded services including 
with respect to national treatment. 
 
 
 (3) Unbound for preferential measures 
related to bilateral investment 
treaties beyond the scope of MFN commitments in Part II of this 
Schedule including with respect to 
national treatment. (3) Foreign investors shall have an 
obligation to provide training, 
upgrade professional skills and transfer of technology, as well as to 
promote Lao PDR nationals to 
higher skilled and specialized positions, including managerial. 
 
(3) Tax measures, generally pertaining 
to small and medium enterprises 
may result in a difference of treatment in favour of Lao PDR 
services and service suppliers.  
Movement of natural persons providing 
services (4) Unbound, except for measures 
affecting the temporary entry and 
stay of natural persons who qualify 
under one of the following categories, and in all cases, the total 
number of foreign natural persons in 
the following categories shall not 
exceed 20% of the total staff: (4) Unbound, except for measures 
concerning the categories of natural 
persons referred to in the market 
access column.  Unbound for all measures relating to  social insurance 
schemes including inter alia  
unemployment and pension benefits.   
   WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2
 Page 3Modes of supply: (1) Cross-Border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 A. Business visitors : 
 A natural person who: 
 
- Enters Lao PDR to be engaged in 
activities related to representing a 
services supplier for the purpose of 
negotiating for the sale of the services of that supplier; 
- Stays in Lao PDR without receiving 
remuneration from sources within Lao PDR; and 
- Does not engage in making direct 
sales to the general public or supplying services. 
 
The temporary stay of the business visitor is subject to a maximum duration of stay 
of 60 days. 
 
B. Intra-Corporate Transferees
: 
 Natural persons who have been employed 
by a juridical person of another Member 
outside Lao PDR for a period of not less than one year imme diately preceding the 
request for transfer to Lao PDR, who 
seek temporary entry to provide services through commercial es tablishment of that 
juridical person in Lao PDR, who cannot 
be substituted by Lao PDR nationals, and who fall within one of the following 
categories:   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2 
Page 4 Modes of supply: (1) Cross-Border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 (a) Executives :  Natural persons within 
an organization who primarily direct the management of the organization, 
exercise wide latitude in decision-
making, and receive only general supervision or direction from 
higher-level executiv es, the board of 
directors, or shareholders of the business.  Executives would not 
directly perform tasks related to the 
actual supply of a service or services of the organization; and 
(b) Managers
:  Natural persons who 
possess knowledge at an advanced level of expertise or proprietary 
knowledge of a juridical entity 
product, service, research, equipment, techniques, or 
management, and who primarily 
direct the organization or a 
department of the organization; 
supervise and control the work of other supervisory, professional or 
managerial employees; have the 
authority to hire and fire or recommend hiring, firing or other 
personnel actions; and exercise 
discretionary authority over day-to-day operations.  They do not include 
first-line supervisors, unless the 
employees supervised are professionals, nor do they include 
employees who primarily perform 
tasks necessary for the supply of the service.    
   WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2
 Page 5Modes of supply: (1) Cross-Border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 (c)  Specialists :  Natural persons within 
an organization who possess knowledge at an advanced level of 
continued expertise and who possess 
proprietary knowledge of the organization's services, research 
equipment, techniques, or 
management and where there are shortages of Lao PDR nationals with 
requisite skills.  
 For the natural persons in the categories 
defined under intra-corporate transferees, 
temporary residency and work permit will be issued for one year which may be 
renewed every six months for up to three 
years as long as conditions indicated for each category are satisfied.    
  WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2 
Page 6 Modes of supply: (1) Cross-Border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
II. SECTOR-SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES 
A. Professional Services 
(a) Legal advisory services, excluding 
services relate d to Lao Law 
(part of CPC 861) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) Foreign equity participation limited  
to 49%. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) Unbound. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(b) Accounting, auditing and 
bookkeeping services 
(CPC 862) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) Unbound for seven years after the 
date of accession.  Thereafter a joint 
venture with a Lao PDR national 
accountant who is a full member of Lao CPIA is required.
1 
(4) Unbound. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) The majority of directors must be 
certified accountants who are Lao 
nationals. 
  
(4) Unbound.  
(c) Taxation consulting services 
(part of CPC 863) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(d) Architectural services 
(CPC 8671) 
(e) Engineering services 
(CPC 8672) 
(f) Integrated engineering services 
(CPC 8673) 
(g) Urban planning and landscape 
architectural services 
(CPC 8674) (1) None. 
 
  
 
(2) None. (1) The service must be authenticated 
by an architect or engineer who has 
appropriate practicing certificate working in a juridical entity 
established in Lao PDR. 
(2) The service must be authenticated 
by an architect or engineer who has 
appropriate practicing certificate 
working in a juridical entity established in Lao PDR.  
                                                      
1 For all phased in commitments in this schedule, it is understood  that limitations indicated in sectoral headnotes and/or the h orizontal commitments section will apply at 
phase in.  
  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2
 Page 7Modes of supply: (1) Cross-Border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 (3) For five years after accession, 
foreign equity participation limited to 49%.  Thereafter: none. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  (3) None. 
  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
B. Computer and Related Services 
(a) Consultancy services related to the 
installation of computer hardware 
(CPC 841) 
(b) Software implementation services 
(CPC 842) 
(c) Data processing services 
(CPC 843) 
(d) Data base services 
(CPC 844) 
(e) Other 
(CPC 845+849) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
F. Other Business Services 
(a) Advertising services: 
- Planning, creating and placement 
services of advertising 
(CPC 87120) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) Foreign equity participation limited 
to 49%. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) Unbound. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(b) Market research services 
(CPC 86401) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(c) Management consulting services 
(CPC 865) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) For three years after accession, 
foreign equity participation limited 
to 49%.  Thereafter: none. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2 
Page 8 Modes of supply: (1) Cross-Border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(e) Technical testing and analysis 
services (CPC 8676) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) Foreign equity participation limited 
to 49%. 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) The majority of directors must be 
engineers who are Lao PDR 
nationals. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(h) Services incidental to mining 
(CPC 5115) (1) Unbound.* 
(2) None. (3) Foreign equity participation limited 
to 49%. 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound.* 
(2) None. (3) The majority of directors must be 
engineers who are Lao PDR 
nationals. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(m) Related scientific and technical 
consulting services (CPC 86751 and 86752 only) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) Foreign equity participation limited 
to 49%. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) The majority of directors must be 
engineers who are Lao PDR 
nationals. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES 
B. Courier services 
- Multi-modal courier services 
(CPC 75121) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
                                                      
* Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2
 Page 9Modes of supply: (1) Cross-Border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
C. Telecommunication services 
 Commitments are taken consistent with "Notes for Scheduling Ba sic Telecom Services Commitments" (S/GBT/W/2/Rev.1) and "Market Access Limitations on Spectrum 
Availability" (S/GBT/W/3). 
The following services (a-o) can be 
supplied only on a facilities basis, and for 
public use services:  
Basic telecommunication services 
 (a) Voice telephone services 
(CPC 7521)  
(b) Packet-switched data transmission 
services 
(CPC 7523
**) 
(c) Circuit-switched data transmission 
services 
(CPC 7523**) 
(d) Telex services 
(CPC 7523**) 
(e) Telegraph services 
(CPC 7522) 
(f) Facsimile services 
(CPC 7521**+ 7529**) 
(g) Private leased circuit services 
(CPC 7522**+7523**) 
(o) Other: 
- Terrestrial-based mobile phone 
services (1) Wire-based services and Terrestrial-
based mobile services :  Service must 
be offered through commercial arrangements with an entity 
established in Lao PDR and licensed 
to provide international telecommunication services.  
Satellite-based services :  Unbound. 
(2) None. (3) Only through acquisition of existing 
operators and foreign equity 
participation limited to 49% for seven years after the date of 
accession.  Thereafter, commercial 
presence for new investments will 
be allowed with foreign equity 
participation limited to 60%. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Wire-based services and 
Terrestrial-based mobile services :  
Service must be offered through commercial arrangements with an 
entity established in Lao PDR and 
licensed to provide international telecommunication services.  
Satellite-based services :  Unbound. 
(2) None. (3) None as phased-in in the market 
access column. 
  
 
 
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. Lao PDR undertakes the obligations in 
the Reference Paper attached hereto 
within seven years of accession. 
                                                      
** The (**) indicates that the service specified constitutes only a part of the total range of activities covered by the CPC conco rdance (e.g. voice mail is only a component of 
CPC item 7523).  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2 
Page 10 Modes of supply: (1) Cross-Border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
Value-added telecommunication services: 
 (h) Electronic-mail 
(CPC 7523**) 
(i) Voice mail 
(CPC 7523**) 
(j) Online information and data base 
retrieval (CPC 7523**) 
(k) Electronic data interchange (EDI) 
(CPC 7523**)  
(l) Enhanced/value-added facsimile 
services, including store and 
forward, store and retrieve (CPC 7523**)  
(m) Code and protocol conversion 
(n) On-line information and/or data 
processing (including transaction 
processing) 
(CPC 843**) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES 
A. General construction work for 
buildings  
(CPC 512) 
B. General construction work for civil 
engineering  
(CPC 513) 
C. Installation and assembly work 
(CPC 514+516) 
D. Building completion and finishing 
work 
(CPC 517) 
E. Other: 
(CPC 511+515+518) (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) Foreign equity participation limited 
to 70%. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
   WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2
 Page 11Modes of supply: (1) Cross-Border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 
 The distribution of goods under the Controlled List of the Ministry of Industry of Commerce, including but not limited to - ar ms, ammunition, explosives and explosive 
substances, highly toxic chemicals, narcotics, cultural items, books, newspapers and magazines, precious metals and stones, med icines and medical equipment, endangered 
species, gambling machines, money printing m achines, processed oil and cr ude oil, alcohols, tobacco products, rice - is exclude d from commitments.   
B. Wholesale trade services 
(part of CPC 61111, 6113, 6121) 
D. Franchising 
(part of CPC 8929)2 (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) Unbound for seven years after the 
date of accession.  Thereafter, 
foreign equity participation limited to 49%. Subject to meeting 
economic need tests.
3 
(4) Unbound. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) Unbound. 
 
  
 
(4) Unbound.  
5. PRIVATE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES 
 The education curriculum and contents must be approved by the Ministry of Education of Lao PDR. 
 With respect to C and D below, the commitments cover only t echnical, natural sciences and technology, business administration and business studies, economics, 
accounting, international law and language training fields. 
 The scope of private education services co ncerns only fully-privately funded services. 
A. Primary education services 
(part of CPC 921) 
B. Secondary education services 
(part of CPC 922) (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) Foreign equity participation limited 
to 51%. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) Directors must be qualified teachers 
who are Lao PDR nationals. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
C. Higher education services 
(part of CPC 923) 
D. Adult education 
(part of CPC 924) 
E. Other education services: 
- Short term foreign language training 
only 
(part of CPC 929) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) Foreign equity participation limited 
to 51%. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) Directors must be qualified teachers 
who are Lao PDR nationals. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
                                                      
2 As related to the provision of a distribution service which is  subject to a specific commitment under section II.4 of this Sch edule. 
3 The main criteria include the number of existing service suppliers  in a particular geographical area, the stability of market and geographical scale.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2 
Page 12 Modes of supply: (1) Cross-Border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES4 
 Services considered as public utilities at a national or loca l level may be subject to public monopolies or to exclusive right s granted to private operators. 
A. Wastewater management 
(part of CPC 9401) 
B. Waste management 
(part of CPC 9402 and 9403) 
C. Protection of ambient air and 
climate 
(part of CPC 9404) 
D. Remediation and cleanup of soil and 
water 
(part of CPC 9406) 
E. Noise and vibration abatement 
(part of CPC 9405) (1) Unbound.* 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound.* 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
 Access by foreign services suppliers and the provision of new fi nancial services within the scope of the commitments below and  that have not yet been provided by the 
private sector in Lao PDR at the date of accession, may be subject to measures adop ted for prudential reasons. 
 Representative offices may not be engaged in commercial activities.   Direct branching is not allowed.  Financial institutions in Lao PDR must adopt a specific legal form.  
 All the commitments are subject  to entry requirements, domestic laws, rules and regulations and the terms and conditions of th e Bank of Lao PDR, the Ministry of Finance 
and/or any other competent authority in Lao PDR, as the case may be, which are consistent with Ar ticle VI of the GATS and parag raph 2 of the Annex on Financial 
Services. 
A. All insurance and insurance-related services 
 Insurance companies are restricted from of fering both Life and Non-life insurance serv ices.  Excluded from the scope of these commitments are compulsory insurance, 
including but not limited to motor vehicle insurance, collective accident  insurance for workers, depositors ' protection fund and social security fund.  
(i) Direct insurance 
 (A) Life insurance  (B) Non-life insurance (1) Unbound. 
(2) Unbound. (3) Unbound for five years after the 
date of accession.  Thereafter, 
foreign equity participation limited to 49%. 
(4) Unbound, except for executives and 
managers as per conditions in the horizontal section. (1) Unbound. 
(2) Unbound. (3) Unbound. 
 
  
(4) Unbound, except for executives and 
managers as per conditions in the horizontal section.  
                                                      
4 Environmental services excludes the provision of water for human use, including water collection, purification and distributio n through mains. 
*Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility. 
  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2
 Page 13Modes of supply: (1) Cross-Border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(ii) Reinsurance and retrocession (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) Unbound. 
(4) Unbound, except for executives and 
managers as per conditions in the horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) Unbound. 
(4) Unbound, except for executives and 
managers as per conditions in the horizontal section.  
(iv) Services auxiliary to insurance: 
- Consultancy, actuarial and risk 
assessment services only (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) Unbound for five years after the 
date of accession.  Thereafter, 
foreign equity participation limited 
to 49%. 
(4) Unbound, except for executives and 
managers as per conditions in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None.  
 
 (4) Unbound, except for executives and 
managers as per conditions in the 
horizontal section.  
B. Banking and other financial s ervices (excluding insurance) 
 Commitment is with respect to commercial banking only and limited to financial institutions licensed to provide banking servic es.  Foreign juridical person must 
incorporate as either a joint stock or limited liability company, but may not incorporate as a sole ownership limited liability  company. 
(v) Acceptance of deposits and other 
repayable funds from the public 
(vi) Lending of all types, including, 
inter alia , consumer credit, 
mortgage credit, factoring and 
financing of commercial 
transactions 
(vii) Financial leasing 
(viii) All payment and money 
transmission services including credit, charge and debit cards, 
travellers cheques and bankers 
drafts 
(ix) Guarantees and commitments 
(x) Trading for own account or for 
account of customers, whether on an exchange, in an over-the-counter 
market or otherwise, the following: 
 (A) money market instruments 
(including cheques, bills, 
certificates of deposits); and 
 (B) foreign exchange. (1) Unbound. 
(2) Unbound. 
(3) Unbound for seven years after the 
date of accession.  Thereafter, foreign equity participation limited 
to 30%. 
(4) Unbound, except for executives and 
managers as per conditions in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound. 
(2) Unbound. 
(3) Higher technology is required for 
foreign banking services suppliers. 
 
 
(4) Unbound, except for executives and 
managers as per conditions in the 
horizontal section.   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2 
Page 14 Modes of supply: (1) Cross-Border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
8. PRIVATE HEALTH RELATED  AND SOCIAL SERVICES 
 (Other than those lis ted under II.1.A.h-j.) 
 The scope of private health related and social serv ices concerns only fully-p rivately funded services. 
A. Private hospital services 
(Modern hospital with more than 
100 beds in big cities only) (part of CPC 93110) (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except for executives and 
managers as per conditions in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) Unbound. (4) Unbound, except for executives and 
managers as per conditions in the 
horizontal section.  
9. TOURISM AND TRAV EL RELATED SERVICES 
A. Hotels and restaurants (including 
catering) 
(part of  CPC 641 - excluding 
guesthouses and 6419, CPC 642; 643) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) For lodging services:  limited to 
establishments with three stars rating or higher.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
B. Travel agencies and tour operators 
services 
(CPC 7471)  (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) Foreign equity participation limited 
to 70%. 
 
(4) Unbound, except for executives and 
managers as per conditions in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) Foreign service supplying 
enterprises can only do inbound 
services. 
(4) Unbound, except for executives and 
managers as per conditions in the 
horizontal section.  
D. Other: 
- Tourism consultancy services (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except for executives and 
managers as per conditions in the horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except for executives and 
managers as per conditions in the horizontal section.   
   WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2
 Page 15Modes of supply: (1) Cross-Border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
C. Air Transport Services     
(d) Maintenance and repair of aircraft 
(part of CPC 8868) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) Foreign equity participation limited 
to 49%. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
- Selling and marketing of air 
transport  services 
- Computer reservation system (CRS) 
services  (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2 
Page 16  
 
  REFERENCE PAPER
 
I. SCOPE 
 The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services. 
Definitions  
 Users  mean service consumers and service suppliers.   
 Essential facilities  mean facilities of a public telecommunications transport network or service 
that: 
(a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers; 
and 
(b) cannot feasibly be economically or tec hnically substituted in order to provide a 
service. 
 A major supplier  is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of 
participation (having regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for basic 
telecommunications services as a result of: 
(a) control over essential facilities; or 
(b) use of its position in the market. 
1. Competitive safeguards  
1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications  
 Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone 
or together, are a major supplier from engaging  in or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
1.2 Safeguards  
 The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular: 
(a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization; 
 (b) using information obtained from comp etitors with anti-competitive results; and 
 (c) not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical 
information about essential facilities and comm ercially relevant information which 
are necessary for them to provide services. 
2. Interconnection  
2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public telecommunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the user s of one supplier to communicate with users of 
another supplier and to access services provi ded by another supplier, where specific 
commitments are undertaken.  WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2 
 Page 17 
 
 
  2.2 Interconnection to be ensured  
 Interconnection with a major supplier will be en sured at any technically feasible point in the 
network.  Such interconnection is provided. 
(a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditi ons (including technical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no l ess favourable than that provided for its 
own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its 
subsidiaries or other affiliates; 
(b) in a timely fashion, on terms, c onditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that ar e transparent, reasonable, having regard 
to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundl ed so that the supplier need not pay 
for network components or facilities that it does not require for the service to be 
provided; and 
(c) upon request, at points in addition to the network termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary additional facilities. 
2.3 Public availability of the pro cedures for interconnection negotiations
 
 The procedures applicable for interconnecti on to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available. 
2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements  
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make  publicly available either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer. 
2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement  
 A service supplier requesting interconnection with  a major supplier will have recourse, either: 
(a) at any time; or 
(b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known to an 
independent domestic body, which may be a regulatory body as referred to in 
paragraph 5 below, to resolve disputes re garding appropriate terms, conditions and 
rates for interconnection within a reasonable period of time, to the extent that these 
have not been established previously. 
3. Universal service  
 Any Member has the right to define the ki nd of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not  be regarded as anti-competitive per se , provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discrimin atory and competitively neutral manner and are 
not more burdensome than necessary for the kind  of universal service defined by the Member. 
4. Public availability of licensing criteria  
 Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available: 
(a) all the licensing criteria and the period of  time normally required to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence; and WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2 
Page 18  
 
  (b) the terms and conditions  of individual licenses. 
 The reasons for the denial of a licence will be  made known to the applicant upon request. 
5. Independent regulators
 
 The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services.  The decisions of and the procedures used by regulators shall be 
impartial with respect to all market participants. 
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources  
 Any procedures for the allocation and use of s carce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an objective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory manner.  The current state of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly 
available, but detailed identification of freque ncies allocated for speci fic government uses is 
not required. 
  
   WT/ACC/SPEC/LAO/3/Rev.2
 Page 19List of Article II (MFN) Exemptions  
 
Lao PDR's Article II (MFN) Exemption List w ill be submitted at a later point in time. 
  
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