WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
24 April 2007 
 
 (07-1671) 
Committee on Trade and Environment  
  
 
ENVIRONMENTAL DATABASE FOR 2004 
 
Note by the Secretariat
 
  
This document has been prepa red under the Secretariat's own 
responsibility and without prejudice to the positions of Members 
and to their rights and obligations under the WTO.  
 
 
1. This Note contains the WTO Environmental Database (EDB) for 2004.1  The EDB was 
established in 19982 in fulfilment of the recommendation in the 1996 Report of the CTE to the 
Singapore Ministerial Conference3 for the Secretariat to compile and update annually all 
environment-related notifications to the WTO.  Th is Note constitutes a list of environment-related 
measures or provisions that were notified under th e WTO agreements in 2004 (Section I).  It also 
includes environment-related measures, provisions  or programmes noted in Trade Policy Reviews 
carried out in 2004 (Section II). 
2. It has been prepared in  accordance with the views expressed by Members4, using the search 
methodology adopted in WT/CTE/W/785, and building on the search words set out in 
WT/CTE/W/102.  The list of search words is att ached as Annex I to this Note;  the list of 
abbreviations is contained in Annex II. 
                                                      
1 For ease of reference, the Envi ronmental Database for 2001, 2002 and 2003 are contained in documents 
WT/CTE/EDB/1-2-3;  and for 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2 000 in documents WT/CTE/W/46, 77, 118, 143 and 195 
respectively.   
2 See WT/CTE/3.  
3 See WT/CTE/1.  
4 See WT/CTE/W/46.  
5 Bearing in mind the complexity and the need to exercise considerable judgement in what constitutes an 
environment-related measure, th e Secretariat has made this listing as comprehensive as possible, although it has in some 
cases shortened or summarized the relevant information.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 2  
 
   
I.
 NOTIFICATIONS .................................................................................................................. ..4 
A. AGREEMENT ON TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (TBT) .........................................................9  
B. AGREEMENT ON THE APPLICATION OF SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY (SPS)  
MEASURES ............................................................................................................................... .24 
C. AGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES (SCM)..................................31  
D. AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE ................................................................................................46  
E. AGREEMENT ON ANTI -DUMPING ...............................................................................................56  
F. AGREEMENT ON IMPORT LICENSING PROCEDURES (ILP).........................................................57  
G. AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS ..................................................................................................60  
H. AGREEMENT ON CUSTOMS VALUATION ...................................................................................61  
I. AGREEMENT ON STATE TRADING .............................................................................................61  
J. REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS (RTAS ) INCLUDING THE UNDERSTANDING ON THE 
INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE XXIV OF THE GATT 1994............................................................61  
K. AGREEMENT ON TRADE RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 
(TRIPS)........................................................................................................................ .............61  
L. THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES (GATS) .................................................63  
M. QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS .................................................................................................64  
N. AGREEMENT ON TRADE -RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES (TRIMS ) .....................................67  
O. UNDERSTANDING ON THE BALANCE -OF-PAYMENTS PROVISIONS OF THE GATT 1994.............67  
P. AGREEMENT ON TEXTILES AND CLOTHING ..............................................................................67  
Q. AGREEMENT ON PRE-SHIPMENT INSPECTION ...........................................................................67  
R. AGREEMENT ON RULES OF ORIGIN ...........................................................................................67  
S. PLURILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS :  AGREEMENT ON GOVERNMENT 
PROCUREMENT ..........................................................................................................................67  
T. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ....................................................................................................68  
U. OTHER NOTIFICATION PROVISIONS ..........................................................................................69  
II. TRADE POLICY REVIEWS ................................................................................................69  
A. BELIZE ............................................................................................................................... ........70  
B. BENIN ............................................................................................................................... .........70  
C. BRAZIL ............................................................................................................................... .......71  
D. BURKINA FASO .........................................................................................................................73  
E. EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ........................................................................................................73  
F. GAMBIA ............................................................................................................................... ......77  
G. JAMAICA ............................................................................................................................... .....77  
H. JAPAN ............................................................................................................................... .........79  
I. MALI............................................................................................................................... ..........79   WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 3 
 
 
  J. NORWAY ............................................................................................................................... ....80  
K. REPUBLIC OF KOREA .................................................................................................................82  
L. RWANDA ............................................................................................................................... ....84  
M. SINGAPORE ............................................................................................................................... .84 
N. SRI LANKA ............................................................................................................................... .85 
O. SURINAME ............................................................................................................................... ..86 
P. SWITZERLAND AND LIECHTENSTEIN ........................................................................................87  
ANNEX I  ENVIRONMENT-RELATED NOTIFICATIONS: SEARCH WORDS .....................90  
ANNEX II   ABBREVIATIONS....................................................................................................... ..91 
 WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 4  
 
  I. NOTIFICATIONS 
3. This Note contains results of a search
6 on 2658 documents issued in respect to notifications 
submitted by Members in 2004 under the following  GATT 1994 provisions and WTO agreements:  
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT);  Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures; Agreement on Su bsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM);  
Agreement on Agriculture;  Agreement on Anti- Dumping;  Agreement on Import Licensing 
Procedures (ILP);  Agreement on Safeguards;  Agre ement on Customs Valuation;  State Trading;  
Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), including the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article 
XXIV of the GATT 1994;  Agreement on Trade-Rela ted Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 
(TRIPS);  the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS);  Quantitative Restrictions;  
Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measure s (TRIMS);  Understanding on the Balance-of-
Payments Provisions of the GATT 1994;  Agreem ent on Textiles and Clothing;  Agreement on 
Preshipment Inspection;  Agreement on Rules of Origin;  Agreement on Government Procurement;  
Information Technology Agreement;  and other notifi cation provisions.  The notifications included in 
this Note specified, among other reasons, environment as the main objective for notifying the measure 
or provision.  
4. These environment-related notifications can be br oadly grouped into two categories.  The first 
consists of notifications that list environmenta l or related factors as the principal objective for 
notifying.  The provisions of the GATT 1994 and WTO Agreements which refer explicitly or are 
generally regarded as related to envir onmental objectives include the following: 
(a) Annex 2 paragraph 12 of the Agreement on Agriculture; 
(b) Article 5 paragraph 2 of the Agreemen t on the Application of Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary Measures (SPS); 
(c) Articles 2 and 5 of the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT); 
(d) Article XIV(b) of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS); 
(e) Article 27.2 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property 
Rights (TRIPS);  and  
(f) Article XX (b) and (g) of GATT 1994. 
 5. The second category includes notifications that are not primarily environment-related, but 
contain references to environment-related aspects.  Fo r instance, notifications with respect to regional 
trade agreements may include a clause or a specific environmental provision.  In such cases, reference 
is made only to the environmental objective or cr iteria.  The notifications might, and usually do, 
contain broader objectives or other criteria. 
6. In 2004, out of the 2658 notifications subm itted, 256 were environmen t related, and they 
represented 9.6% of the total.
7  Comparing with the average of 1997-2004 (225 notifications and 
10.96%), there is a small increase in number, but a slight decrease in proportion.8 
7. In 2004, among the agreements, the TBT and SPS Agreements had the highest number of 
environment-related notificati ons (110 and 67 respectively)9 and accounted for 43% and 26.2% of all 
WTO environment-related notifications.10  However, in terms of the share of such notifications in 
selected agreements, the most frequently seen envir onment-related notifications were submitted under 
                                                      
6 The search through the various WTO and GATT (1994) notif ications was based on the information contained in 
the Working Group of Notification Obligations and Procedur es (NOP) documents G/NOP/W/ 2 and G/NOP/W/16/Rev.1, and 
the Technical Cooperation Handbook of Notifications , the series of WT/TC/NOTIF (1996) documents.  
7 See Table 1.  
8 See charts 1 and 2 
9 See charts 3 and 4 
10 See chart 5  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 5 
 
 
  the Agreements on Quantitative Restrictions, ILP, and Agriculture.  They represented 87.5%, 35.3% 
and 18.5% of the total notifications made under the respective Agreements.11 
 
Table 1:  Environment-related Notifications (1997 – 2004 ) 
 
GATT 1994 and 
WTO Agreements 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
TBT Agreement 89(794) 98(648) 84(1162) 97(651) 67(601) 114(622) 100(896) 110(718) 
SPS Agreement 9(300) 21(300) 12(450) 27(468) 26(763) 48(803) 51(852) 67(924) 
SCM Agreement 22(100) 36(90) 27 32(133) 21(198) 29(159) 33(138) 13(118) 
Agreement on 
Agriculture 20(230) 22(190) 28(220) 40(229) 40(235) 32(193) 34(174) 29(157) 
Agreement on Anti-
Dumping 4(18) 1(12) 3 0 0 1(145) 2(142) 3(121) 
Agreement on ILP 15(50) 20(60) 10(66) 17(70) 7(57) 13(89) 16(50) 12(34) 
Agreement on 
Safeguards 0 1(30) 1 1(87) 1(130) 1(120) 1(94) 2(56) 
Agreement on Customs 
Valuation 0 1(13) 1(58) 3(36) 1(44) 1(41) 0 0(17) 
State Trading 0 1(30) 0 0 1(39) 2(36) 3(29) 0(30) 
Regional Trade 
Agreements  6(14) 26 24 16 10(15) 0 0 0(172) 
TRIPS Agreement 0 1 3 5(328) 5(227) 16(218) 5(139) 7(205) 
GATS 0 1 0 0 0 7(43) 0 4(53) 
Quantitative 
Restrictions (QRs) - 3 2 5 2 4(10) 2 7(8) 
TRIMS  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Understanding on the 
Balance-of-Payments 
Provisions of GATT 
1994 1(23) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Agreement on Textiles 
and Clothing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Agreement on 
Preshipment Inspection 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Agreement on Rules of 
Origin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Agreement on 
Government 
Procurement 2 0 0 0 2(9) 9(21) 0 1(44) 
Information 
Technology Agreement 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Other notification 
provisions 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1(1) 
Total number of 
environment-related 
notifications 168 232 195 244 183 277 247 256 
Total number of 
notifications (1531) (1404) (2016) (2024) (2320) (2500) (2516) (2658) 
Proportion of 
environment-related 
notifications (%) 11.0 16.5 9.7 12.1 7.9 11.1 9.8 9.6 
 
*  Total number of notifications made under each agreement is pr ovided in brackets. 
                                                      
11 See charts 6–7.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 6  
 
  Chart 1:  Total Number of Environm ent-related Notifications (1997 – 2004
) 
 
168232
195244
183277
247256
050100150200250300
1997 1998
1999 2000 2001
2002
2003 2004
 
 
  Chart 2:  Proportion of Environment-related Notifications (1997 – 2004 ) 
  
0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%18%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
 
     WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 7 
 
 
  Chart 3:  Environment-related Notifica tions in Selected Agreements (1997-2004 ) 
 
020406080100120
TBT
AgreementSPS
AgreementSCM
AgreementAgreement of
AgricultureAgreement
on Anti-
dumping Agreement
on ILP Safeguards State Trading TRIPs
AgreementQuantitative
Restrictions
(QRs)1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
 
  
Chart 4:  Number of Environment-related No tifications under Selected Agreements (2004)  
110
67
1329
312
27
47
020406080100120
TBT
AgreementSPS
AgreementSCM
AgreementAgreement of
AgricultureAgreement on
Anti-dumping Agreement on
ILP Safeguards TRIPs
AgreementGATS Quantitative
Restrictions
(QRs) 
 
 
   WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 8  
 
  Chart 5:  Distribution of the 256 WTO Environment-related Notifications (2004
) 
 
 
SCM Agreement
5.1%Agreement of Agriculture
11.3%Agreement on Anti-dumping 
1.2%Agreement on ILP 
4.7%Quantitative Restrictions (QRs)
2.7%
Other
0.4%Government Procurement
0.4%TRIPs Agreement
2.7%
Safeguards
0.8%GATS 
1.6%
SPS Agreement
26.2%TBT Agreement
43%
 
 
Chart 6:  Share of Environment-related No tifications in Selected Agreements (2004 ) 
 
608857
105128 118
225417 30172198
4914311067
1329 3
122
0007
4
71
01002003004005006007008009001000
TBT Agreement
SPS Agreement
SCM Agreement
Agreement of
Agriculture
Agreement on Anti-
dumping 
Agreement on ILP 
Safeguards
customs
State Trading
RTA
TRIPs Agreement
GATS
Quantitative
Restrictions (QRs)
Government
ProcurementEnvironment related 
Non Environment-related
 
 
 
  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 9 
 
 
  Chart 7:  Proportion of Environment-related Notifications under Selected Agreements (2004 ) 
 
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
TBT Agreement
SPS Agreement
SCM Agreement
Agreement of
Agriculture
Agreement on Anti-
dumping 
Agreement on ILP 
Safeguards
TRIPs Agreement
GATS
Quantitative
Restrictions (QRs)
Government
Procurement
 
A. AGREEMENT ON TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (TBT) 
8. In 2004, among the 718 notifications submitte d by Members under Articles 2 and 5 of the 
TBT Agreement, 110 of them mentioned environmen t as the main objective, or among the objectives 
of the notified technical regulations or conformity  assessment procedures.  The share of environment-
related notifications was 15.3 per cent of the total.12   
9. The notified environment-rela ted measures related to, among others, motor vehicles and 
engines, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), t oxic substances and pollutants, gaz and oil, waste 
and hazardous substances, fertilisers and pesticides, construction products, electrical  appliances, and 
pollution measuring equipment.   Most of these meas ures were aimed at the environment, animal and 
plant health, reducing pollution, saving energy an d/or complying with multilateral environmental 
agreements such as the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol.13 
10. With the increase in TBT notifications since 1991, the number of TBT environment-related 
notifications has been steadily rising (from 35 in 1991 to 110 in 2004).14  From 1995 to 2004, in each 
year, over 11% of all TBT notifi cations were environment related.15       
 
 
 
    
                                                     
 
12 See Table 2, Charts 6 and 7. 
13 See Table 3. 
14 See Chart 8. 
15 See Chart 9. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 10  
 
  Table 2:  Notifications made under Articles 2 and 5 of the TBT Agreement
 
Year 
 Number of 
environment-related 
TBT notifications Total number of TBT 
notifications Percentage of 
environment-related 
notifications 
1980-1990 211 2687 7.9 
1991-2000 610 5322 11.5 
1980-2000 821 8009 10.3 
1991 35 358 9.8 
1992 36 394 9.1 
1993 42 487 8.6 
1994 35 508 6.9 
1995 41 365 11.2 
1996 53 460 11.5 
1997 89 794 11.2 
1998 98 648 15.1 
1999 84 669 12.6 
2000 97 639 15.2 
2001 67 601 11.1 
2002 114 622 18.3 
2003 100 896 11.2 
2004 110 718 15.3 
 
 
Chart 8:  Environment-related TBT notifications (1991-2004 ) 
 
35 3642
3541538998
8497
67114
100110
35 3642
3541538998
8497
67114
100110
020406080100120
1991
1992
1993 1994
19951996 1997
19981999 20002001 2002
2003 2004  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 11 
 
 
  Chart 9:  Percentage of Environmen t-related TBT Notifications (1991-2004)  
 
7.9%11.1%
10.3%
9.8%
9.1%
8.6%
6.9%11.2%11.5%11.2%15.1%
12.6%15.2%
11.1%18.3%
11.2%15.3%
0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%18%20%
1980-
199019991-
20001980-
20001991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
  
Table 3:  Environment-related TBT notifications (2004)  
 
Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment – Related 
Objective 
G/TBT/N/ARG/152 Argentina Antimicrobials To protect human health 
and the environment. 
G/TBT/N/ARG/156 Argentina Argentine Food Code (CAA), 
Amendment - Plant Foods, Oils To protect the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/ARG/166 Argentina "Lat ex paints - Lead Content 
Limit" To protect human health 
and the environment.  
G/TBT/N/ARM/2 Armenia, 
Republic of Decree of the Government of the 
Republic of Armenia on approval 
of the technical regulation on 
requirements for mineral fertilizers To protect human life and 
health, environment and to 
warn customers against 
absurdity factors. 
G/TBT/N/ARM/3 Armenia, 
Republic of Decree of the Government of the 
Republic of Armenia on approval 
of the technical regulation on requirements for internal 
combustion engine fuels To protect human life, 
health and environment. 
G/TBT/N/ARM/5 Armenia, 
Republic of Decree of the Government of the 
Republic of Armenia on approval 
of the technical regulation on requirements for mineral 
fertilizers To protect human, animal 
and plants life and health, 
and environment and to warn customers against 
absurdity factors. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 12  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment – Related 
Objective 
G/TBT/N/ARM/6 Armenia, 
Republic of Low voltage equipment designed 
for use with a voltage of up to 
1000 V for alternate current and 
up to 1.500 V for direct current To protect human life, 
health and environment. 
G/TBT/N/ARM/7 Armenia, 
Republic of Decree of the Government of the 
Republic of Armenia on approval 
of the technical regulation on 
requirements for synthetic paints and varnishes To protect human life, 
health and environment. 
G/TBT/N/ARM/8 Armenia, 
Republic of Decree of the Government of the 
Republic of Armenia on approval 
of the technical regulation on 
requirements for personal protective equipment To protect human life, 
health and environment. 
G/TBT/N/ARM/9 Armenia, 
Republic of Decree of the Government of the 
Republic of Armenia on approval 
of the Technical Regulation on requirements for pneumatic tyres To protect human life, 
health and environment. 
G/TBT/N/AUS/34 Australia Indust rial Chemicals (Notification 
and Assessment) Amendment 
(Low Regulatory Concern 
Chemicals) Bill 2004 To introduce flexibility 
into the current assessment 
process for industrial 
chemicals to enable the fast tracking of low 
regulatory concern 
chemicals, maintaining existing levels of worker 
safety, public health and 
environmental standards. 
G/TBT/N/CAN/100 Canada Proposed Off-Road Compression-
Ignition Engine Emission 
Regulations To protect the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/CAN/107 Canada Proposed Amendment to the 
Sulphur in Diesel Fuel 
Regulations To protect the environment 
and human health. 
G/TBT/N/CAN/109 Canada Proposed Pest Control Products 
Adverse Effects Reporting 
Regulations To protect human and 
animal health; and the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/CAN/110 Canada Proposed New Substances 
Notification Regulations (Chemicals and Polymers) To protect the environment 
and human health. 
G/TBT/N/CAN/86 Canada Proposed Amendment to the 
Energy Efficiency Regulations To protect the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/CAN/88 Canada Proposed Export and Import of 
Hazardous Waste and Hazardous 
Recyclable Material Regulations To protect human health 
and the environment.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 13 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment – Related 
Objective 
G/TBT/N/CAN/94 Canada Proposed Total, Partial or 
Conditional Prohibition of Certain 
Toxic Substances Regulations To protect human health 
and protection of the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/CAN/97 Canada Proposed Order Adding Toxic 
Substances to Schedule 1 of the 
Canadian Environment al 
Protection Act, 1999 To protect human health 
and the environment. 
G/TBT/N/CHN/41 China,  
Republic of AQSIQ Public Notice No. 117, 
[2003] To protect life and safety 
of human beings and 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/CHN/46 China,  
Republic of National Technical Specification 
for Household and Similar 
Purpose Appliances To ensure safety of 
consumers, protection of 
property and the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/CHN/48 China,  
Republic of Maximum Allowable Values of 
Energy Consumption and Energy 
Efficiency Grade for Household 
Electric Washing Machines To protect the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/CHN/49 China,  
Republic of "Limits of Fuel Consumption for 
Passenger Cars" To protect the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/CHN/56 China,  
Republic of AQSIQ Public Notice No. 75 
[2004] To protect the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/CHN/57 China,  
Republic of AQSIQ Public Notice No. 115 
[2003] To protect the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/CHN/58 China,  
Republic of AQSIQ Public Notice No. 48 
[2004] To protect the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/CHN/59 China,  
Republic of Administrative Regulation for 
Energy Efficiency label To ensure environmental 
protection and energy 
conservation. 
G/TBT/N/CHN/60 China,  
Republic of The minimum allowable values of 
the energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for room air 
conditioners To reduce energy 
consumption and contribute to the objectives 
of energy conservation and 
environmental protection;  reduce the peakload and 
ensure supplies of 
electricity in summer in 
China. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 14  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment – Related 
Objective 
G/TBT/N/CHN/61 China,  
Republic of The minimum allowable values of 
the energy efficiency and energy 
efficiency grades for unitary air 
conditioners To reduce energy 
consumption and 
contribute to the objectives 
of energy conservation and environmental protection;  
reduce the peakload and 
ensure supplies of electricity in summer in 
China. 
G/TBT/N/CHN/62 China,  
Republic of The minimum allowable values of 
the energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for water 
chillers To reduce energy 
consumption and contribute to the objectives 
of energy conservation and 
environmental protection;  reduce the peak load and 
ensure supplies of 
electricity in summer in China. 
G/TBT/N/COL/49 Colombia Draft Resolution "Issuing the 
Technical Regulation on Gas 
Fuel-Fired Domestic Appliances Manufactured or Imported for 
Use in Colombia" To protect human, animal 
and plant life,  health and 
the environment, and to prevent practices likely to 
mislead consumers. 
G/TBT/N/COL/60 Colombia Petroleum-based liquid fuels To protect the public, 
goods and the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/CRI/16 Costa Rica, 
Republic of Technical Regulation RTCA 
23.01.23:04: Pressure Vessels, 
Portable Liquefied Petroleum Gas 
Cylinders. Delivery Vehicles. Safety Requirements To provide national 
security and protect human 
health and the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/CRI/17 Costa Rica, 
Republic of Petroleum products. Aviation 
gasoline (AvGas) - tariff heading 
2710 To provide quality 
specifications, prevent 
practices likely to mislead 
or deceive the consumer, national security and 
environmental protection. 
G/TBT/N/CRI/18 Costa Rica, 
Republic of Petroleum products. Aviation 
kerosene (Jet A-1) - HS tariff heading 2710 To provide quality 
specifications, national security and environmental 
protection. 
G/TBT/N/CRI/19 Costa Rica, 
Republic of Central American Technical 
Regulation (RTCA) No. 
75.01.14:04: Petroleum Products Illuminating Kerosene To provide quality 
specifications, national 
security and protect human health and the 
environment.   WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 15 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment – Related 
Objective 
G/TBT/N/CRI/20 Costa Rica, 
Republic of Technical Regulation RTCA 
75.01.15:04: Lubricating Oils for 
Petrol or Diesel Engines To provide quality 
specifications, prevent 
practices likely to mislead 
or deceive the consumer, national security and 
environmental protection. 
G/TBT/N/CRI/21 Costa Rica, 
Republic of Central American Technical 
Regulation RTCA 75.01.20:04: Petroleum Products. Premium 
Petrol To provide quality 
specifications, national security and environmental 
protection. 
G/TBT/N/CRI/22 Costa Rica, 
Republic of Technical Regulation RTCA 
75.01.22:04: Petroleum Products. 
Asphalts. Specifications To provide quality 
specifications, prevent 
practices likely to mislead or deceive the consumer, 
national security and 
environmental protection. 
G/TBT/N/CZE/89 Czech Republic Draf t Decree of the Ministry of 
the Environment that lays down 
Conditions for Assessment of 
Risk of Chemical Substances to the Environment To achieve improvement 
in the protection of health 
and the environment. 
G/TBT/N/CZE/90 Czech Republic D ecree of the Ministry of the 
Environment on Principles of 
Good Laboratory Practice To achieve improvement 
in the protection of men, 
animals and the environment. 
G/TBT/N/CZE/91 Czech Republic Draf t Decree of the Ministry of 
the Environment on Using a 
Different Name of Dangerous Chemical Substance... To achieve the 
improvement in the 
protection of health and the environment. 
G/TBT/N/CZE/92 Czech Republic Draf t Decree of the Ministry of 
the Environment that lays down 
Requisites on Keeping Record and Notification on Dangerous 
Chemical Substances To achieve the 
improvement in the 
protection of human beings, animal s and the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/DNK/41 Denmark Statutory Order from the Ministry 
of Environment amending statutory order no. 713 of 2002, 
on deposits and collection of 
packaging for beer and certain soft drinks To reduce littering. 
G/TBT/N/DNK/44 Denmark New regulations on Energy 
performance in the Building 
Regulations To reduce the total 
consumption of energy in 
new buildings by 25-30 percent compared to the 
objective in the existing 
regulations. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 16  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment – Related 
Objective 
G/TBT/N/DNK/47 Denmark Statutory Order on Design, 
Establishment, and Operation of 
Oil Tanks, Pipe Systems and 
Pipelines To tighten and clarify the 
rules in order to reduce 
incidents of oil pollution 
from oil tanks at single-family houses. 
G/TBT/N/EEC/51 European 
Communities Mefluidide (pesticide active 
substance) To set up a harmonized 
framework for the 
authorisation and placing on the market of plant 
protection products in 
order to protect human health and the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/EEC/52 European 
Communities Chemicals To set high standards for 
protection of health and 
the environment while 
safeguarding the 
competitiveness of enterprises, preserving the 
internal market and 
improving the potential for product innovation. 
G/TBT/N/EEC/60 European 
Communities Commission proposal for a 
Regulation of the European 
Parliament and of the Council on 
persistent organic pollutants and 
amending Directives 79/117/EEC 
and 96/59/EC To protect human health 
and the environment from 
persistent organic 
pollutants. 
G/TBT/N/EEC/61 European 
Communities Passenger cars (M1 vehicles) and 
light duty trucks (N1 vehicles) as defined in Council Directive 
70/156/EEC as amended by 
Directive 2001/116/EC To promote the re-use, 
recycling and recovery of vehicle component parts 
and avoid final disposal of 
waste. 
G/TBT/N/EEC/67 European 
Communities Draft Commission Regulation 
implementing Regulation (EC) 
No 1774/2002 of the European 
Parliament and of the Council as regards means of disposal or uses 
of animal by-products... To approve five methods 
as other means for the 
disposal and/or uses of 
animal by-products.
16 
G/TBT/N/EEC/69 European 
Communities Draft Commission Decision 
Concerning the Non-Inclusion of cresylic acid, dichlorophen, 
imazamethabenz, kasugamicin et 
polyoxin as Active Substances in Annex I to Council Directive 
91/414/EEC... To protect human health 
and the environment. 
                                                      
16 The processes involve environment related bio gas and bio diesel.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 17 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment – Related 
Objective 
G/TBT/N/GTM/16 Guatemala, 
Republic of Aviation gasoline (AvGas) - 
International Classification for 
Standards (ICS) code 75.160.20 To prevent practices likely 
to mislead or deceive the 
consumer and 
environmental protection. 
G/TBT/N/GTM/17 Guatemala, 
Republic of Asphalts (International 
Classification for Standards (ICS) 
code 75.080) To prevent practices likely 
to mislead or deceive the 
consumer and 
environmental protection. 
G/TBT/N/GTM/18 Guatemala, 
Republic of Premium petrol (International 
Classification for Standards (ICS) code 75.160.2) To prevent practices likely 
to mislead or deceive the consumer and 
environmental protection. 
G/TBT/N/GTM/21 Guatemala, 
Republic of Aviation kerosene (Jet A-1), 
International Classification for Standards (ICS) code 75.160.20 To prevent practices likely 
to mislead or deceive the consumer and 
environmental protection. 
G/TBT/N/GTM/22 Guatemala, 
Republic of Illuminating kerosene, 
International Classification for Standards (ICS) code 75.160.20 To prevent practices likely 
to mislead or deceive the consumer and 
environmental protection. 
G/TBT/N/GTM/24 Guatemala, 
Republic of Lubricating oils (International 
Classification for Standards (ICS) 
code 75.160.20) To prevent practices likely 
to mislead or deceive the 
consumer and environmental protection. 
G/TBT/N/HKG/20 Hong Kong, 
China The Hong Kong Voluntary 
Energy Effici ency Labelling 
Scheme for Computes To promote awareness of 
energy efficiency among 
consumer. 
G/TBT/N/HKG/21 Hong Kong, 
China The Hong Kong Voluntary 
Energy Effici ency Labelling 
Scheme for Electronic Ballasts To promote the awareness 
of energy efficiency 
among consumer. 
G/TBT/N/HKG/22 Hong Kong, 
China The Hong Kong Voluntary 
Energy Effici ency Labelling 
Scheme for Domestic Gas Instantaneous Water Heaters To promote awareness of 
energy efficiency among 
consumer. 
G/TBT/N/ISR/44 Israel SI 99 4 Part 1 - Air Conditioners: 
Safety and Performance 
Requirements To ensure environmental 
Protection, Consumer 
Safety and Protection. 
G/TBT/N/JPN/122 Japan Revision of the Ministerial 
Notification, Enforcement 
Ordinance and Enforcement 
Regulation (Cabinet Order) under the Law Concerning the Rational 
Use of Energy To promote rational use of 
energy through prevalence 
of machinery and 
equipment with high energy consumption 
efficiency, in order to cope 
with the recen t increase of 
energy consumption in 
commercial/residential 
sector and global warning problem. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 18  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment – Related 
Objective 
G/TBT/N/JPN/126 Japan Partial Amendment to the 
Announcement that  Prescribes 
Details of Safety Regulations for 
Road Vehicles, etc. To prevent environmental 
pollution by Nitrogen 
Oxides(NOx), Particulate 
Matters(PM), Hydro carbon s(HC). 
G/TBT/N/KOR/80 Korea, Republic 
of The Proposed Draft Amendment 
of the Agricultural Products 
Quality Control Act To comprehensively 
manage agricultural 
environment including soil and water quality and other 
factors such as agricultural 
chemicals, heavy metals and hazardous organisms 
throughout the whole 
production procedure to packing. 
G/TBT/N/MEX/100 Mexico Draft Mexican Official Standard 
PROY-NOM-042-SEMARNAT-
2003, Establishing the Maximum Permissible Limits for Emissions 
of Non-Methane Hydro carbons, 
Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxide and Particles from the 
Exhaust Pipes of New Motor 
Vehicles of a Gross Vehicle Weight Not Exceeding 3,857 kg. 
and Using Gasoline, Liquefied 
Petroleum Gas, Natural Gas or Diesel Fuel, as well as for 
Emissions of Evaporative Hydro 
carbons from the Fuel Systems of such Vehicles To protect the 
environment, specifying 
the permissible limits for emissions of non-methane 
hydro carbons, carbon 
monoxide, nitrogen oxide and particles from the 
exhaust pipes of new 
motor vehicles. 
G/TBT/N/MEX/100/ 
Add.1 Mexico "Establishing the Maximum 
Permissible Limits for Emissions 
of Non-Methane Hydro carbons, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen 
Oxide and Particles from the 
Exhaust Pipes of New Motor Vehicles of a Gross Vehicle 
Weight Not Exceeding 3,857 kg. 
and Using Gasoline, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Natural Gas or 
Diesel Fuel, as well as for 
Emissions of Evaporative Hydro carbons from the Fuel Systems of 
Such Vehicles To protect the 
environment, specifying 
the permissible limits for emissions of non-methane 
hydro carbons, carbon 
monoxide, nitrogen oxide and particles from the 
exhaust pipes of new 
motor vehicles. 
G/TBT/N/MEX/101 Mexico Air-cooled single-phase squirrel-
cage electric AC induction motors with a rated output of 0.180 kW 
to 1,500 kW To conserve natural 
resources and protect consumer and user rights.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 19 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment – Related 
Objective 
G/TBT/N/MEX/98 Mexico Land transport of hazardous 
materials and waste To establish the minimum 
guidelines for verifying 
compliance with Mexican 
Official Standards on the transport of hazardous 
materials and waste. 
G/TBT/N/NLD/62 Netherlands Bill amending the Environmental 
Management Act (sustainably produced wood )... To protect the environment 
and, in particular, forests and to meet the provisions 
of International Tropical 
Timber Agreement (ITTA) (1994). 
G/TBT/N/NLD/66 Netherlands Small plastic bottles for soft 
drinks and waters To promote recycling of 
small bottles and reduce 
household waste. 
G/TBT/N/NZL/19 New Zealand Proposed Technical Regulation - 
Design Standard for Wood Burners To protect environment:  
to reduce urban fine particle air pollution by 
defining a design emission 
standard for new wood-burners installed in urban 
areas. 
G/TBT/N/NZL/20 New Zealand The Energy Efficiency  (Energy 
Using Products) Regulations 2002 Amendment Introducing 
minimum energy performance 
standards for single phase air conditioners To protect environment  
and meeting its  international obligations;  
to contribute to a 20% 
improvement in national energy efficien cy by 2012, 
and reduce national green 
house gas emissions, as targetted under the Kyoto 
Protocol. 
G/TBT/N/NZL/21 New Zealand The Energy Efficiency (Energy 
Using Products) Regulations 2002 Amendment Introducing 
minimum energy performance 
standards for  distribution transformers To protect environment  
and meeting its  international obligations;  
to contribute to a 20% 
improvement in national energy efficien cy by 2012, 
and reduce national green 
house gas emissions, as targetted under the Kyoto 
Protocol. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 20  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment – Related 
Objective 
G/TBT/N/NZL/22 New Zealand  Performance of household 
electrical appliances - 
Refrigerating appliances part 1 
and 2 To protect environment  
and meeting its  
international obligations;  
to contribute to a 20% improvement in national 
energy efficien cy by 2012, 
and reduce national green house gas emissions, as 
targetted under the Kyoto 
Protocol. 
G/TBT/N/NZL/23 New Zealand The Energy Efficiency (Energy 
Using Products) Regulations 2002 
Amendment Introducing 
minimum energy performance standards for refrigerated display 
cabinets To protect environment  
and meeting its  
international obligations;  
to contribute to a 20% improvement in national 
energy efficien cy by 2012, 
and reduce national green house gas emissions, as 
targetted under the Kyoto 
Protocol. 
G/TBT/N/NIC/42 Nicaragua Nicaraguan Mandatory Technical 
Standard on the Sustainable Use 
of Timber-Yielding Forestry 
Resources in the Mangrove Forests on the Nicaraguan Pacific 
Coast To protect plant and 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/NIC/44 Nicaragua Nicaraguan Mandatory Technical 
Standard on the Sustainable Management of Natural 
Latifoliate and Coniferous Forests To establish technical 
guidelines for the sustainable management of 
natural latifoliate and 
coniferous forests. 
G/TBT/N/NIC/45 Nicaragua Nicaraguan Mandatory Technical 
Standard on Hydro carbon Exploration and Exploitation 
Activities To ensure environmental 
protection and national security. 
G/TBT/N/NIC/46 Nicaragua, 
Republic of Technical Regulation RTCA 
75.01.22:04: Petroleum Products – Asphalts To protect the environment 
and national security and prevent practices likely to 
mislead or deceive the 
consumer. 
G/TBT/N/NIC/48 Nicaragua, 
Republic of Technical Regulation RTCA 
75.01.20:04: Petroleum Products - 
Premium Petrol To provide environmental 
protection, national 
security and prevent 
practices likely to mislead or deceive the consumer. 
G/TBT/N/NIC/50 Nicaragua, 
Republic of Central American Technical 
Regulation RTCA 75.01.13:04: 
Petroleum Products - Aviation Kerosene (Jet A-) To provide environmental 
protection, national 
security and prevent practices likely to mislead 
or deceive the consumer.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 21 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment – Related 
Objective 
G/TBT/N/NIC/51 Nicaragua, 
Republic of Central American Technical 
Regulation RTCA 75.01.14:04: 
Petroleum Products - Illuminating 
Kerosene To provide environmental 
protection, national 
security and prevent 
practices likely to mislead or deceive the consumer. 
G/TBT/N/NIC/53 Nicaragua, 
Republic of Technical Regulation RTCA 
75.01.15:04: Petroleum Products - 
Lubricating Oils for Petrol or Diesel Engines To provide environmental 
protection, national 
security and prevent practices likely to mislead 
or deceive the consumer. 
G/TBT/N/NIC/54 Nicaragua, 
Republic of Central American Technical 
Regulation (RTCA) No. 
75.01.12:04: Petroleum Products - Aviation Gasoline (AvGas) To provide environmental 
protection, national 
security and prevent practices likely to mislead 
or deceive the consumer. 
G/TBT/N/NOR/3 Norway Cosmetics, paint used in tattoo, 
cosmetics for animals, liquids for injecting with a cosmetic purpose To ensure that cosmetic 
products do not represent a risk to human or animal 
health and that consumer 
interests, animal welfare, environmental 
considerations, food safety 
and quality are taken into account in the 
manufacture, processing, 
distribution, import, export 
and placing on the market 
of such products. 
G/TBT/N/SVK/6 Slovak Republic Measure of the Slovak Office of 
Standards, Metrology and Testing concerning inclusion among 
determined products To list products and risks 
not regulated by the harmonized EU 
legislation, but could be 
endangered due to their characteristics of human 
life, health, property or 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/SWE/38 Sweden Proposal for an ordinance 
concerning a new deposit and 
return system To reduce littering and 
increase recycling of metal 
and plastic containers. 
G/TBT/N/SWE/39 Sweden Equipment for monitoring of 
emissions of carbon monoxide To regulate the 
concentration of carbon monoxide in flue gases 
from the plants in question 
in order to thereby reduce emissions of different 
hydro carbons. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 22  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment – Related 
Objective 
G/TBT/N/SWE/42 Sweden The Swedish Maritime 
Administration's regulations on 
Prevention of Pollution from 
Ships To fulfil it's obligations set 
in international 
instruments, enact national 
legislation regarding pollution from ships and to 
protect Swedish fresh 
water supplies. 
G/TBT/N/CHE/35 Switzerland Ordinance relating to Protection 
against Dangerous Substances and 
Preparations To bring harmonization 
with EU legislation on 
chemicals, maintaining or 
improving the level of protection for the general 
population, employees and 
the environment against the harmful effects that 
may be caused by 
chemicals. 
G/TBT/N/CHE/36 Switzerland Ordinance relating to Biocidal 
Products To improve the level of 
protection for the general 
public, the professional 
and industrial users and the environment. 
G/TBT/N/CHE/37 Switzerland Ordinance on the Reduction of 
Risks from Chemical Substances To bring about 
harmonization with EU 
legislation as well as 
international agreements 
and decisions while 
maintaining/improving the level of protection for the 
general population, 
employees and the environment against the 
harmful effects caused by 
particularly hazardous substances. 
G/TBT/N/CHE/38 Switzerland Ordinance concerning the placing 
of plant protection products on the 
market To enhance harmonization 
with EU legislation on 
plant protection products, maintaining/improving the 
level of protection for the 
general population, employees and the 
environment against the 
harmful effects. 
G/TBT/N/THA/124 Thailand Draft TIS XXXX-254X Gasoline 
Engined Vehicles: Safety 
Requirements; Emission from 
Engine, Level 7 To ensure safety 
requirement and 
environmental protection.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 23 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment – Related 
Objective 
G/TBT/N/THA/125 Thailand Draft TIS XXXX-254X Light-
Duty Diesel Engined Vehicles: 
Safety Requirements; Emission 
from Engine, Level 6 To ensure safety 
requirement and 
environmental protection. 
G/TBT/N/THA/127 Thailand Criteria for the Approval of the 
Import of Used Electrical and 
Electronic Equipment To prevent the danger that 
may inflict upon the 
persons, animals, 
properties or environment and to comply with the 
Basel Convention. 
G/TBT/N/THA/142 Thailand Notification of the Ministry of 
Commerce on Importation of 
Used Six-wheel Passenger Cars To protect the environment 
and health. 
G/TBT/N/THA/167 Thailand  Hazardous substances To provide safety and 
environmental protection. 
G/TBT/N/USA/64 United States Control of Emissions of Air 
Pollution From New Motor 
Vehicles: In-Use Testing for 
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles To protect the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/USA/64/ Corr.1 United States Control of Air Pollution From 
New Motor Vehicles: In-Use 
Testing for Heavy-Duty Diesel 
Engines and Vehicles To control air pollution. 
G/TBT/N/USA/65 United States Sta ndards for Pesticide Containers 
and Containment To protect the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/USA/72 United States Pesticides To protect the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/USA/76 United States Protection of Stratospheric 
Ozone: Process for Exempting 
Critical Uses From the Phaseout of Methyl Bromide; Request for 
Information on Existing and 
Available Stocks of Methyl Bromide; Proposed Rule and 
Notice To protect the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/USA/76/ 
Add.1 United States Protection of Stratospheric 
Ozone: Process for Exempting Critical Uses From the Phaseout 
of Methyl Bromide; Extension of 
Deadline To Request a Hearing, New Hearing Date, and New 
Deadline for Submission of 
Comments To meet national and 
international obligations under the Clean Air Act 
(CAA) and the Montreal 
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone 
Layer.  
G/TBT/N/USA/77 United States Test Procedures for Testing 
Highway and Non-road Engines 
and Omnibus Technical 
Amendments;  Proposed Rule To benefit public health 
and welfare and the 
environment. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 24  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment – Related 
Objective 
G/TBT/N/USA/79 United States Export and Import of Nuclear 
Equipment and Radioactive 
Materials:  Security To benefit public health 
and welfare and the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/USA/85 United States Updating Generic Pesticide 
Chemical Tolerance Regulations To protect the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/USA/87 
 United States Toxic Substances Control Act 
(TSCA) Inventory Nomenclature for Enzymes and Proteins To protect the 
environment. 
G/TBT/N/USA/90 United States Proposed Significant New Use 
Rule:  Certain Polybrominated 
Diphenylethers To protect the environment 
and human health. 
 
B. AGREEMENT ON THE APPLICATION OF SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY (SPS)  MEASURES  
11. In 2004, 924 notifications were issued under the SPS Agreement.  As all measures deal with 
the safety and protection of human, animal and plan t health, treating those taken for human, animal 
and plant health as directly environment related might  be misleading.  They, therefore, have not all 
been included in this Note.  Notifications of measur es dealing with pests pertinent to the protection of 
agricultural crops or farm animals have been excluded;   they have been included if they pertain to the 
protection of "territory" or the wild-environment or  plants in general.  In 2004, 67 environment-
related SPS notifications were made.  They accounted  for 7.3 per cent of all 2004 SPS notifications. 
12. These notified measures related to, among others, sanitary and phytosanita ry requirements for 
the importation of, nursery stocks of forest and pl ant species, timber and logs;  toxicological and 
environmental evaluation procedures of bio-chem ical products;  Pest/Import  Risk Analysis 
(IRA/PRA) for animals and animal products, plants and plant products;  and regulations on  GMOs.  
They aimed solely or partly at protecting animal health, plants from animal/plant pests or diseases, 
and the territory from other damage from pests.17     
13. Over the past years, the number of SPS environment-related notifications has been steadily 
increasing (from 9 in 1997 to 67 in 2004).18   
 
 
   
                                                     
 
17 See Table 4 . 
18 See Chart 10.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 25 
 
 
  Chart 10: Environment-relate d SPS Notifications (1997-2004 ) 
921
122726485167
01020304050607080
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
 
Table 4: Environment-related SPS measures (2004)  
 
Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment –Related 
Objective 
G/SPS/N/AUS/164 
 Australia Guidelines for Regulating 
Wood Packaging Material in 
International Trade To protect plant.  
G/SPS/N/BRA/96 
 Brazil Wood packaging used in 
international trade of goods To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/CAN/157/Rev.3 
 Canada Phytosanitary Requirements 
to Prevent the Entry of 
Phytophthora ramorum Associated with Sudden Oak 
Death To protect plant.  
G/SPS/N/CAN/157/Rev.4 
 Canada Phytosanitary Requirements 
to Prevent the Entry of 
Phylophthora ramorum 
Associated with Sudden Oak 
Death To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/CAN/157/Rev.5 
 Canada Phytosanitary Requirements 
to Prevent the Entry of Phytophthora ramorum 
Associated with Sudden Oak 
Death To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/CAN/157/Rev.6 Canada  Propagative material, 
including nursery stock, of To protect plant. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 26  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment –Related 
Objective 
 regulated species; wood 
products with bark of 
regulated species; non-propagative material, 
including cut flowers, 
branches, wreaths, greenery, cuttings and prunings of 
regulated species; soil and 
growing media 
G/SPS/N/CAN/163/Rev.1 
 Canada Entry Requirements for 
Wood Packaging Materials 
Produced in all Areas other 
than the Continental United States To protect plant.  
G/SPS/N/CAN/207 
 Canada Requirements to prevent the 
introduction of undescribed 
species of Phytophthora pathogenic to Alder (Alnus 
spp.) To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/CAN/231 
 Canada Proposed New Substances 
Notification Regulations 
(Organisms) To protect humans from 
animal/plant pest or 
disease. 
G/SPS/N/CAN/233 Canada Phytosanitary Measures for 
Chrysanthemum, 
Dendranthema, and 
Leucanthemella serotina Plant Material to Prevent the 
Introduction of 
Chrysanthemum White Rust, Puccinia horiana, P. Henn To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/CHL/168 
 Chile Regulates the authorization 
system for establishments 
producing nursery stock for export to Chile To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/CHL/170 
 Chile Quarantine Regulations 
Governing the Entry into 
Chile of Wood Packaging Material To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/COL/85 
 Colombia Wood packaging materi al To protect plant, humans 
from animal /plant pest or 
disease and protect 
territory from other damage from pests.  
G/SPS/N/COL/91 
 Colombia Draft Decree Establishing 
the Administrative 
Procedure for the Development, Adoption and 
Implementation of Technical 
Regulations and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures To ensure food safety, 
animal health and protect 
plant, humans from animal /plant pest or disease,  and 
territory from other 
damage from pests.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 27 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment –Related 
Objective 
in the Agri-Food Sector 
G/SPS/N/COL/93 
 Colombia Preserved sardines To protect  food safety,  
animal health and territory 
from other damage from 
pests. 
G/SPS/N/CRI/35 
 Costa Rica Regulations Governing 
Wood Packaging Material in 
International Trade To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/CYP/9 
 Cyprus The Phytosanitary Checks 
on Live Plants and Plant Products in Intra-community 
Trade and Imports from 
Third Countries Law To protect plant and  
humans from animal /plant pest or disease. 
G/SPS/N/EEC/239 
 European 
Communities COM(2003) 333 final 
"Commission proposal for a 
Regulation of the European 
Parliament and of the Council on persistent 
organic pollutants and 
amending Directives 79/117/EEC and 96/59/EC" To ensure food safety. 
G/SPS/N/EEC/239/Add.2 
 European 
Communities Thirteen chemical 
substances listed in Annex I 
or II of the Stockholm 
Convention To reduce air pollution of 
persistent organic 
pollutants. 
G/SPS/N/GTM/26 
 Guatemala Ministerial Decision No. 
617-2004. Provisions 
Applicable to the 
Importation, Exportation, Transportation and 
Movement of Plants and 
Plant Products and By-Products To protect plant and 
animal health. 
G/SPS/N/IND/12 
 India Plant Quarantine 
(Regulation of import into 
India) Order, 203 To protect plant and 
protect territory from other 
damage from pests. 
G/SPS/N/IDN/20 
 Indonesia Plant Quarantine Procedure 
for Importation of Plant 
Propagating Materials and 
Plant Products into the Republic of Indonesia To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/JPN/113 
 Japan The Invasive Alien Species 
Act To protect plant, animal 
health, humans from 
animal/plant pest or 
disease and protect territory from other 
damage from pests.  
G/SPS/N/JPN/122 Japan Draft of the Basic Policy 
under the Invasive Alien To protect animal health, 
plant, protect humans from WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 28  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment –Related 
Objective 
 Species Act animal /plant pest or 
disease and protect 
territory from other damage from pests. 
G/SPS/N/KOR/157 
 Korea, Republic 
of Proposed Draft Amendment 
of Quarantine Pest List To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/KOR/160 
 Korea, Republic 
of Proposed Draft Amendment 
of Plant Protection Act 
Enforcement Rules To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/KOR/170 
 Korea, Republic 
of Plants or plant products 
imported into the country To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/MEX/204/Add.1 
 Mexico Notice of extension of 
Emergency Mexican Official 
Standard NOM-EM-144-
SEMARNAT-2003 .. ... in 
Relation to Wood Packaging 
Material in International Trade To protect natural 
resources and plant health 
and taking into account the 
continued validity of the 
reasons for the issue of the 
Standard. 
G/SPS/N/MEX/206 
 Mexico Natural Christmas trees of 
species of the general Pinus 
and Abies and the species 
Pseudotsuga menziesii To protect plant and 
protect territory from other 
damage from pests. 
G/SPS/N/MEX/207 
 Mexico Wood packaging mate rial To protect plant and 
territory from other 
damage from pests. 
G/SPS/N/MAR/21 
 Morocco Phytosanitary Requirements 
for the Importation of Plant Material of the Genus Vitis 
L To protect plant and 
protect humans from animal /plant pest or 
disease. 
G/SPS/N/NZL/274 
 New Zealand Import Requirements for 
specified Tuber species 
(truffles) To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/NZL/278 
 New Zealand MAF's import health 
standard 155.02.06 
"Importation of Nursery 
Stock" To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/NZL/280 
 New Zealand Report on the interception of 
Fusarium circinatum (Pitch 
Canker) on imported 
seedlings of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/NZL/288 New Zealan d Import Requirements for 
Dracaena To protect plant.  
G/SPS/N/NZL/289 
 New Zealand Import requirements for 
nursery stock - Insecticide, 
miticide and fungicide treatments To protect plant.   WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 29 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment –Related 
Objective 
G/SPS/N/NZL/297 
 New Zealand Import requirements for 
nursery stock - dormant 
bulbs To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/NZL/298 
 New Zealand Import requirements for 
nursery stock - Cycas, 
Dracaena & Yucca To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/NZL/301 
 New Zealand Import Requirements for 
Vitis To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/NZL/302 
 New Zealand Import requirements for 
Prunus cuttings and plants in tissue culture imported into 
the country To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/NZL/304 
 New Zealand Import Requirements for 
Cycas To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/NZL/306 
 New Zealand Import Requirements for 
Persea To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/NZL/310 New Zealand Import requirements for 
Anthurium, Beaucarnea, 
Guzmania, Philodendron, 
Polyscias and Tillandsia tissue culture from any 
country To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/NZL/311 New Zealand Horses  To protect animal health, 
humans from animal/plant 
pest or disease and 
territory from other 
damage from pests. 
G/SPS/N/NOR/11 
 Norway Genetically modified 
organisms To protect animal health 
and humans from animal /plant pest or disease. 
G/SPS/N/PER/73 
 Peru Draft Directorial Resolution 
Approving the Manual of 
Phytosanitary Procedures for the Importation of Plants, 
Plant Products and ... To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/PER/77 
 Peru Plants, plant products and 
other regulated articles To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/PER/79 
 Peru Draft Manual of Procedures 
for the Inspection and Certification of Plants, Plant 
Products and Other 
Regulated Articles for Exportation or Re-
exportation 
 To protect plant. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 30  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment –Related 
Objective 
G/SPS/N/PHL/61 
 Philippines Any plant product altered or 
produced through the use of 
modern bio technology intended for direct use as 
food, feed, or processing 
into food and fed To ensure food safety and 
animal health, protect 
plant, humans from animal/plant pest or 
disease and  protect 
territory from other damage from pests. 
G/SPS/N/PHL/71 
 Philippines Implementing Guidelines for 
Regulating Wood Packaging 
Material in International Trade (Draft) To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/ZAF/18 
 South Africa Wood packaging material 
used in supporting, 
protecting or carrying a 
commodity such as cases, 
crating, dunnage, drums, 
load boards, packing blocks, pallets, pallet collars and 
skids excluding ply wood, 
particle boar d, oriented 
strand board and veneer To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/CHE/34 
 Switzerland Ordinance on the Protection 
of Plants - Draft 
modification of the Federal 
Department for Economic 
Affairs To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/CHE/35 
 Switzerland Ordinance on the Protection 
of Plants - Draft 
Modification of the Federal Department for Economic 
Affairs To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/TPKM/19/Rev.2 
 Taiwan, Penghu, 
Kinmen and Matsu Draft amendment of the 
"Quarantine Requirements for the importation of plants 
or plant products" To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/TPKM/30 
 Taiwan, Penghu, 
Kinmen and Matsu Draft amendment of the 
"Table of Commodities Subject to Legal Animal & 
Plant Quarantine" To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/TPKM/34/Rev.1 
 Taiwan, Penghu, 
Kinmen and 
Matsu Draft amendment of the 
"Quarantine Requirements 
for the importation of plants or plant products" To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/TPKM/4 Taiwan, Penghu, 
Kinmen and 
Matsu Draft amendment of the 
"Quarantine Requirements 
for the importation of plants or plant product" To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/TPKM/41 Taiwan, Penghu, 
Kinmen and Draft of the Quarantine 
Requirements for the To protect plant.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 31 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment –Related 
Objective 
 Matsu Importation of Wood 
G/SPS/N/TUR/4 
 Turkey Wood packaging materials, 
(wood or wood products 
(excluding paper products) 
used in supporting, 
protecting or carrying cargo) To protect plant. 
G/SPS/N/USA/857/Rev.1 
 United States Notice: Thiram; Availability 
of Revised Risk 
Assessments To ensure food safety and 
protect humans from 
animal/plant pest or disease. 
G/SPS/N/USA/919 
 United States Metam Sodium; Availability 
of Risk Assessments To protect plant, humans 
from animal/plant pest or 
disease and ensure food safety. 
G/SPS/N/USA/926 
 United States NOTICE: 2,4-
Dichlorophenoxyacetic 
Acid; Availability of Risk Assessment To ensure food safety and 
protect humans from 
animal /plant pest or disease. 
G/SPS/N/USA/929 
 United States Notice: Amitraz; 
Availability of Risk 
Assessments (Interim 
Process) To ensure food safety and 
protect humans from 
animal /plant pest or 
disease. 
G/SPS/N/USA/947 
 United States Notice: 2,4-DB (4-2,4-
dichlorophenoxy) butyric 
acid and 2,4-DB-DMAS 
(Dimethylamine 4-2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyrate; 
Availability of Risk 
Assessments To ensure food safety and 
protect humans from 
animal/plant pest or 
disease. 
G/SPS/N/USA/949 United States Notice: Pesticide Product; 
Conditional Approval To ensure food safety and 
protect humans from 
animal/plant pest or 
disease. 
G/SPS/N/USA/989 
 United Stated Notice: Benfluralin; 
Availability of Re-
registration Eligibility 
Decision (RED) Document To protect humans from 
animal/plant pest or 
disease and ensure food 
safety. 
G/SPS/N/USA/1000 
 United States Nursery Stock To protect plant. 
 
C. AGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES (SCM) 
14. In 2004, 118 notifications were submitted by  Members under the SCM Agreement, and, out 
of these, 13 included environment-related measures.19  They accounted for around 11 per cent of all 
2004 SCM notifications.  These environment-related measures related to, among others, a variety of 
                                                      
19 See Chart 11.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 32  
 
  subsidies, assistance programmes, aid/grants, regul atory taxes, regulations, agriculture agreements, 
investment programmes, credit schemes and research programmes.  Most of them were aimed at the 
protection of the environment and the promotion of sustainable development, the reduction in 
pollution and environmental risks, the adaptation to new environmental requirements, the conservation of natural resources, waste manage ment, and the development of environmentally 
friendly technology.    
15. These measures included the following: assistance to  central heating and coal, assistance for 
the reduction of soil and water pollution; assistance to the mining sector to eliminate harmful effects 
of the production, processes, output and wastes; and  assistance to promote the development of organic agriculture and fishery. In the ener gy sector, they included regulations, research and 
investment programs aimed at promoting energy  conservation and energy efficiency;  the 
development, marketing and utilization of ener gy efficient products, as well as alternative and 
renewable energy, such as biomass, hydro-power, wind and solar energy, to reduce green house gas and CO2 emissions from energy power and industrial production, to contribute to energy security and 
diversity, and to reduce negative impa cts associated with energy producti on and usage;  in the forestry 
sector, research and development programmes aimed at  strengthening the management of forestry to 
obtain environmentally frie ndly forestry raw materials;  and, in the transport sector, measures to 
contain air and noise pollution in urban areas.  More over, there were soil and water conservation and 
pollution control programmes aimed at improving the quality, knowledge and infrastructure in this 
field, as well as developing equipment for recycling and purification.
20     
 
 
Chart 11:  Environment-related SCM Notifications (1997 -2004 ) 
 
2236
2732
212933
13
0510152025303540
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002 2003 2004
 
                                                      
20 See Table 5.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 33 
 
 
  Table 5:  Environment-Related SCM measures (2004 )21 
 
Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment-Related Objective 
• Promotion of mining 
activities,  Tax exemptions, 
tax concessions, deferment 
of payment, customs 
exemptions, financing and 
non-repayable 
contributions, value-added 
tax financing regime, and 
tax elimination  
• 1 January 2001 – 31 
December 2003 
• Mines granted to private 
individuals, legal persons 
engaged in the mining 
activities, purchasers or 
importers, and provinces  To encourage mining activities in order 
to contribute to the country's 
development, ensure the rational 
exploitation of mini ng resources,  and 
generate employment and diversify 
regional economies. G/SCM/N/48/ARG/Suppl.1 
G/SCM/N/60/ARG G/SCM/N/71/ARG G/SCM/N/95/ARG  Argentina 
 
• Forestry activity 
• Customs exemptions and 
promotion measures, tax 
credits and tax stability  
• 1 January 2001 – 31 
December 2003 
• The equipment, tools, for 
reforestation;  natural or 
legal persons owning 
cultivated forests;  all 
forestry and forest 
exploitation activities;  and 
forestry investment 
projects. 
• 66.4 million pesos To promote forestry activity throughout 
the country; and promote medium- and 
long-term investme nt and generate 
employment. 
G/SCM/N/95/BGR/Suppl.1 Bulgaria 
 • Assistance to Central 
Heating and Coal 
Companies 
• 2003 
• Grant 
• Coal producing 
companies and to central 
heating companies for 
compensation of the retail 
prices regulated To assist energy enterprises producing 
coal and central heating energy in 
conformity with the Energy Strategy, 
which provides for the restructuring of 
the energy sector, deregulation and 
privatisation, bringing the management 
practice in line with up-to-date 
standards. 
                                                      
21 The description of the Measure or programme is arranged (wherever possible) as follows: 
• Title of the measure or programme; 
• Form of assistance, if mentioned; 
• Indicative duration of programme if mentioned in a notif ication (if time is not mentioned in the table, the 
notification contains no refe rence to the duration of a measure or it says that the measure is not limited in 
time);  if a programme or measure has been discontinued or terminated but is still not notified, that 
means there were some pending liabilities (payments, collectibles, interest rate subsidies, guaranties, 
losses to be covered etc.) spilling over the next periods; 
• Principal beneficiaries  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 34  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment-Related Objective 
• BGN62.84 million 
• Assistance to Ore- 
mining Units 
• 2003 
• Grant 
• Ore and uranium mining 
units 
• BGN12.73 million To assist the reorganization of the ore- 
mining sector, liquidation of capacities 
of poor deposit ore output units, closing 
down and eliminating the harmful effect 
of the production and processing of 
uranium output and waste. 
z Assistance for reduction 
of soil and water pollution 
z 2003 
z Soft loans 
z All firms and companies 
implementing projects and 
programmes for reduction 
of soil and water pollution 
z BGN11.21 million To reduce the polluting effect of waste 
on soil and water through the 
establishment of equipment for 
reprocessing and recycling, building of 
water treatment plants in order to restore 
the normal quality of the environment. 
• Assistance to the 
agricultural producers 
through the Agriculture 
State Fund 
• 2003 
• Grant and loan 
• All entities registered in 
the Agricultural Producers 
Register 
• BGN44.05 million and 
BGN12.46 million 
respectively To effectively manage resources and 
develop market-oriented structures, 
increasing the competitiveness and the 
sustainable development of the 
agricultural sector. 
  • Assistance to fishery 
activities 
• 2002 
• Grant 
• Stock breeders, research 
and education organisations 
operating in the field of fishing To facilitate the protection, preservation 
and replacement of fish stocks in natural 
water;  enhance the values of the fish stocks; prevent the perishing of fish and 
eliminate the consequences thereof. 
G/SCM/N/95/CAN 
 Canada 
 • Programme agro-
environnemental de soutien 
à la Stratégie phytosanitaire 
• 2000 – 2002 
• Contribution and grant 
• Research and extension 
services To protect, preserve and promote the 
Saint-Lawrence River by introducing 
agricultural environmental pest 
management practices and control.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 35 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment-Related Objective 
• $2.5 million 
• The Atlantic Ground fish 
Licence Retirement 
Programme 
• FY 2000 – 2002 
• Contributions 
• Fish licences 
• $47,761,224.00 To put harvesting capacity in balance 
with resource availability and ensure the 
long-term sustainabil ity of the fishing 
sector on the Atlantic coast. 
• Environmental aid 
• 10 years 
• Grant and loan 
• All companies involved 
in the State Environmental 
fund 
• CZK21.7 million To support environmental protection and 
improvement. G/SCM/N/95/CZE Czech Republic 
 
• Support of energy saving  
• 2001 – 2002 
• Grant 
• Industries 
• CZK508.8 million To promote energy savings and use of 
renewable energy sources. 
• Assistance to fishery 
activities 
• Grant 
• Stock breeders 
• HUF174 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 1999 To facilitate the protection and 
preservation of fish stocks in waters, 
prevent the perishing of fish and 
eliminate the consequences thereof. 
 G/SCM/N/60/HUN 
 Hungary 
 
• Assistance to mending, 
cultivating and preserving 
the quality and the quantity 
of forests 
• Grant 
• Sylviculturists 
• HUF3,673 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 1999 To facilitate afforestation, treatment and 
cultivation of young forests. 
 WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 36  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment-Related Objective 
• Assistance to game 
husbandry 
• Grant 
• Hunters, institutions, 
companies operating in animal husbandry 
• HUF568 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 1999 To protect and preserve natural stocks of 
the species hunted as game and of their 
habitats. 
 
• Assistance to the 
protection of arable land 
• Grant 
• Producers, institutions 
and companies engaged in 
protection of cropland 
• HUF1,587 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 1999 To improve land quality of erosion 
prone cropland, inland waters, acidic, 
alkaline and sand soil;  provide 
assistance to research related to 
quantitative and qualitative protection of 
cropland. 
 
• Assistance to soil 
melioration and to irrigation 
investment 
• Grant and interest 
subsidy 
• Producers 
• HUF1,459 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 1999 To provide additional assistance to 
holders by financing bank loans of more 
than one year granted for soil 
conservation, country planning and the 
realisation of water supply and irrigation 
facilities. 
 
 
• Assistance for planting 
and restructuring forests and afforestation 
• Grant 
• Sylviculturists 
• HUF2,054 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 1999  To provide assistance to planting and 
restructuring forests and afforestation.   
• Assistance to the 
maintenance of recreational 
and park woods 
• Grant 
• Operators of forest 
facilities 
• HUF98 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 1999 To co-finance the costs of maintaining 
forest facilities such as botanical 
gardens, parking lots, green corridors 
and hiking paths.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 37 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment-Related Objective 
  • Assistance to the 
transition to organic production 
• Grant 
• Producers 
• HUF33 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 1999 To promote organic production.  
• Assistance to fishery 
activities 
• Grant 
• Stock breeders 
• HUF196 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 2000 To facilitate the protection and 
preservation of fish stocks in waters, 
prevent the perishing of fish and 
eliminate the consequences thereof. 
• Assistance to mending, 
cultivating and preserving the quality and the quantity 
of forests 
• Grant 
• Sylviculturists 
• HUF3,772 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 2000 To preserve the ecosystem, the 
ecological balance and physical 
condition of the forests. 
• Assistance to game 
husbandry 
• Grant 
• Hunters, institutions and 
companies operating in the 
field of game husbandry 
• HUF627 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 2000 To protect and preserve natural stocks of 
the species hunted as game and of their 
habitats. G/SCM/N/71/HUN 
 Hungary 
 
• Assistance to the 
protection of arable land 
• Grant 
• HUF1,690 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 2000 To improve land quality of erosion 
prone cropland, inland waters, acidic, 
alkaline and sand soil;  provide 
assistance to research related to 
quantitative and qualitative protection of 
cropland. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 38  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment-Related Objective 
• Assistance to food 
industrial technology investments 
• Grant and interest 
subsidy 
• HUF365 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 2000 To assist the development of technology 
used in the food industry, especially: 
quality improvement, development of 
environmentally-friendly packaging, 
reducing energy use and environmental 
damage. 
• Assistance to soil 
melioration and to irrigation 
investment 
• Grant and interest 
subsidy 
• Producers 
• HUF2,276 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 2000 To provide additional assistance to 
holders by financing bank loans of more 
than one year granted for soil 
conservation, country planning and the 
realisation of water supply and irrigation 
facilities. 
• Assistance for planting 
and restructuring forests and afforestation 
• Grant 
• Sylviculturists 
• HUF2,607 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 2000 To provide assistance for planting and 
restructuring forests and afforestation. 
• Payments for relief from 
environmental degradation 
of forests 
• Grant 
• Owners and tenants of 
forests 
• HUF245 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 2000 To compensate for losses of income due 
to the environmental degradation of 
forests.   
• Assistance to the 
maintenance of recreational and park woods 
• Grant 
• Operators of forest 
facilities 
• HUF201 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 2000 To co-finance the costs of maintaining 
forest facilities such as botanical 
gardens, parking lots, green corridors 
and hiking paths.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 39 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment-Related Objective 
• Assistance to the 
transition to organic production 
• Grant 
• Producers 
• HUF50 million 
• 1 January to 31 
December 2000 To promote organic production.  
• Assistance to regional 
development 
• Grant 
• Individuals and 
organisations 
• HUF1,470 million 
6 July to 31 December 2000 To promote sustainable development in 
regions with special ecological 
advantages.   
• Assistance to the trade of 
products originating from 
the ecological fishing of 
silver carp in Lake Balaton  
• Grant 
• Producers 
• HUF20.9 million 
26 February to 1 March 
2001 To support the fishing of silver carp for 
the purpose of environmental protection. 
• Assistance to fishery 
activities 
• 2001 
• Grant 
• Stock breeders 
• HUF227 million To facilitate the protection, preservation 
and replacement of fish stocks in natural 
waters, prevent the perishing of fish and 
eliminate the consequences thereof. G/SCM/N/71/HUN/Suppl.1 
 Hungary 
• Assistance to mending, 
cultivating and preserving 
the quality and the quantity 
of forests 
• 2001 
• Grant 
• Sylvicultrists 
• HUF4,682 million To facilitate afforestation, treatment and 
cultivation of young forests;  preserve 
the ecosystem, the ecological balance 
and physical condition of the forests. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 40  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment-Related Objective 
• Assistance to game 
husbandry 
• 2001 
• Grant 
• Hunters, institutions, 
companies operating in the 
field of the game 
• HUF543 million To protect and preserve natural stocks of 
the species hunted as game and of their 
habitats;  protect and preserve natural 
stocks of special areas, propagate 
hunting, regional game husbandry 
planning that is consistent with forestry 
plans. 
• Assistance to the 
protection of arable land 
• 2001 
• Grant 
• Producers, institutions 
and companies engaged in 
protection of croplands 
• HUF2,011 million To provide assistance to improve land 
registration related to land quality 
preservation;  assistance to research 
related to quantitative and qualitative 
protection of cropland. 
• Assistance to food 
industrial technology 
investments  
• 2001 
• Grant and interest 
subsidy 
• Processors 
• HUF2,057 million To assist the development of technology 
used in the food industry especially: 
quality improvement, development of environmentally-frie ndly packaging;  
reducing energy use and environmental 
damage. 
• Assistance to soil 
melioration and to irrigation 
investment 
• 2001 
• Grants 
• HUF1,125 million To help maintain and improve fertility of 
arable lands and facilitate the security of 
production and provide funding for soil 
conservation. 
• Assistance for planting 
and restructuring forests and afforestation 
• 2001 
• Grant 
• Sylviculturists 
• HUF5,558 million To provide assistance to planting and 
restructuring forests and afforestation.   
• Payments for relief from 
environmental degradation 
of forests  
• 2001 
• Grant 
• Owners and tenants of To compensate for income losses due to 
the environmental degradation of 
forests.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 41 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment-Related Objective 
forests 
• HUF292 million 
• Assistance to the 
maintenance of recreational 
and park woods 
• 2001 
• Grant 
• Operators of forest 
facilities 
• HUF130 million To co-finance the costs of maintaining 
forest facilities such as botanical 
gardens, parking lots, green corridors 
and hiking paths. 
• Assistance to the 
transition to organic 
production and to establish 
environment protection 
pilot projects 
• 2001 
• Grant 
• Producers 
• HUF66 million To promote organic production and 
environment friendly agricultural 
production.  
 
• Assistance to rural 
development 
• 2001 
• Grant 
• Inhabitants and 
organisations 
• HUF1,102 million To assist rural development especially 
sustainable development in regions with 
special ecological advantages;  saving 
the natural and artificial environment;  
environment protective, ecological 
development programmes. 
• Assistance to the trade of 
products originating from 
the ecological fishing of 
silver carp in Lake Balaton  
• 2001 
• Grant 
• Producers To support the ecological fishing of 
silver carp.  
   
• Tax concession for bank 
credits financing other 
investments 
• 2001  
• Deduction from the 
Corporate tax 
• Companies investing 
from bank credits in 
projects of environment 
protection To reduce the interest burden in an 
economy with high inflation rate on 
credits financing investments of 
production, environment protection, 
tourism and distribution services. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 42  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment-Related Objective 
  • Central environment 
protection fund  
• 2001 
• Grant, repayable 
contribution free of interest or at preferential rates and 
credit guarantee 
• Domestic legal persons 
and organisations and self 
employed persons 
• HUF29,6 billion To help achieve an environment-friendly 
economic structure, prevent 
environmental nuisances, reduce and 
alleviate damages to the environment.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 43 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment-Related Objective 
• Assistance to genetic 
development 
• 2002 
• Grant 
• Producers 
• HUF1,208 million To assist the preservation or 
development of biological bases, the 
establishment of plantations for gene- 
preservation, the modernisation of 
related systems of qualification, the 
establishment and maintaining of farms 
for education and promotion purposes. 
• Assistance to mending, 
cultivating and preserving 
the quality and the quantity 
of forests 
• 2002 
• Grant 
• Sylviculturists 
• HUF5,624 million To facilitate afforestation, treatment and 
cultivation of young forests; support the 
natural and artificial renewal of forests;  
preserve the ecosystem, the ecological 
balance and physical condition of the 
forests. 
• Assistance to game 
husbandry 
• 2002 
• Grant 
• Hunters, Institutions, 
Companies operating in the 
field of game husbandry 
• HUF856 million To protect and preserve natural stocks of 
game species and their habitats;  protect 
and preserve natural stocks of special 
areas, ensure regional game husbandry 
planning consistent with forestry plans. 
• Assistance to the 
protection of arable land 
• 2002 
• Grant 
• Producers, institutions, 
companies engaged in protection of croplands  
• HUF2,291 million To provide assistance to improve land 
registration related to land quality 
preservation; research related to 
quantitative and qualitative protection of 
cropland. 
 
• Assistance to food 
industrial technology 
investments 
• 2002 
• Grant and interest 
subsidy 
• Processors 
• HUF1,612 million To develop environmentally-friendly 
packaging, reduce energy use and 
environmental damage. 
 G/SCM/N/95/HUN Hungary 
• Assistance for planting 
and restructuring forests and afforestation 
• 2002 
• Grant To provide assistance to planting and 
restructuring forests and afforestation. 
 WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 44  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment-Related Objective 
• Sylviculturists 
• HEF5,704 million 
• Payments for relief from 
environmental degradation 
of forests 
• 2002 
• Grant 
• Owners and tenants of 
forests 
• HUF316 million To compensate for income losses due to 
the environmental degradation of 
forests. 
• Assistance to the 
maintenance of recreational 
and park woods 
• 2002 
• Grant 
• Operator of forest 
facilities 
• HUF262 million To co-finance the costs of maintaining 
forest facilities such as botanical 
gardens, parking lots, green corridors 
and hiking paths. 
• Assistance to the 
transition to organic production and to the 
establishment of agro- 
environmental regions 
• 2002 
• Grant 
• Producers 
• HUF73 million To promote organic production and 
environment friendly agricultural production. 
• Assistance to rural 
develop 
• 2002 
• Grant 
• Inhabitants and 
organisations 
• HUF6,955 million To promote sustainable development in 
regions with special ecological 
advantages, envir onment protective, 
ecological development programmes, 
saving the natural and artificial 
environment.   
• Assistance to the 
implementation of the 
National Agricultural 
Environment Protection 
Programme 
• 2002 
• Grant 
• Producers and 
organisations To provide assistance to the 
environment protection in agriculture  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 45 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment-Related Objective 
  • HUF1,116 million 
• Support for the Stone 
Industry through the Special 
Account for Energy and 
Resources  
• 2001 – 2002 
• Grants and loans 
• Stony mountain 
developers, owners of 
stone-quarrying rights, 
individuals with 
recommendations;  
• Quarries and stone 
processors 
• KRW1,018 million To support rational exploitation of 
domestic stone resources.  
 
• Environmental 
Improvement Loan 
Programme 
• 2001 – 2002 
• Loan 
• SMEs 
• KRW130 billion To encourage and promote private firm's 
environmental investment. 
• Support for R&D of 
Environmental Technology Development Projects 
• 2001 – 2002 
• Government contribution 
• Research institutions, 
universities and private 
enterprises 
• KRW120 billion To develop cutting-edge environmental 
technologies in order to improve the 
nation's environment.  
 G/SCM/N/95/KOR  Korea 
 
• Automobile Low 
Emission Technology 
Development Support 
• 2001 – 2002 
• Government contribution 
for R&D 
• Research institutions 
• KRW3 billion To develop low emission technology for 
large-size diesel vehicles. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 46  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Environment-Related Objective 
• Subsidy for the natural 
gas bus procurement and/or fuel expenses 
• 2000 – 2002 
• Grants for vehicle and 
fuel procurement 
• Natural gas bus purchase;  
• Parties intending to 
purchase natural gas 
• KRW28 billion To expedite air quality amelioration in 
metropolitan areas, required to replace 
diesel engine buses that offer more 
frequent commuter services and are 
responsible for air pollution in urban 
areas, into cleaner and low- emission 
vehicles.  
   
• Loan Programme for 
recycling industry promotion 
• 2001 – 2002 
• Loan 
• Parties intending to 
engage in recycling 
equipment, technology development 
• KRW120 billion To promote and encourage recycling and 
recycling industry by offering long-term, 
low interest loan to private firms 
engaged in recycling business for the development in recycling equipment and 
related technology, management of 
distribution & sales.  
 
G/SCM/N/95/TUR  Turkey 
 • The General Investment 
Encouragement Programme (GIEP) 
• Turkish firms 
• Exemptions from Custom 
duties and Fund levies;  
Value added tax exemption;  
other exemptions from 
certain taxes, duties and 
fees;  credit allocation To promote general investments in 
activities related th e production of goods 
and services, research and development 
(R&D), environmental protection and 
improvement of quality and standards. 
 
D. AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE  
16. In 2004, 157 notifications were submitted by  Members under the various Articles of the 
Agreement on Agriculture.  Out of these notifica tions, 29 (approximately 18.5 per cent) were 
environment-related.22  They were notified under Green Box measures and Article 18.3. This Note 
also includes information on bilateral assistance  projects for Least-Developed Net Food Importing 
Countries (LDNFICs) notified under Article 16 which contains a reference to the environment. 
17. The notified environment-related measures rela ted to, among others, irrigation and drainage 
systems; plant protection; regional and technical assistance programmes in fishery, forestry and 
energy; research and development on water, land and native vegetation; environmental programmes 
and natural resource management; infrastructural se rvices; extension and training.  These measures 
were aimed at improving management of water a nd natural resources; reducing aggressive use of 
pesticides for environmental protection; prom oting and coordinating effective planning and 
management for equitable, efficient and sustai nable use of land and other natural resources;  
                                                      
22 See Chart 12.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 47 
 
 
  encouraging tree growing and management into fa rming systems; afforestation and renewal of 
vineyards; improving production efficiency and optimal use of natural resource; providing support for rural sector development in agribusiness; assis ting community groups in sustainable production and 
conservation of biodiversity; managing protected speci es, habitats and aquatic  ecosystems; developing 
infrastructural works for livestock and soil con servation; training and encouraging farmers and 
ranchers to adopt environmenta l benign farming practices; and improving living conditions through 
sustainable development.
 23  
Chart 12:  Environment-related Agriculture Notifications (1997 -2004 ) 
 
20222840 40
3234
29
051015202530354045
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
 
                                                      
23 See Table 6.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 48  
 
  Table 6: Environment-related Agriculture Notifications (2004
) 
 
Symbol Member Measure Or Programme Objective 
Research To determine sub soil water levels and quality. G/AG/N/ARM/2 
 Armenia (2003) 
Green Box 
Measure 
General services Extension and advisory 
services To put in place hydro-meteorological 
measures to implement environmental and 
other programs. 
Red Meat Research and Development To further the sustainable use and management 
of natural resources.  
Rural Industries Research 
and Development To provide support for management of 
research and development programmes for the 
rural sector focussing on generic programmes 
such as agribusiness, extension, rural 
education and climate change. 
National Weeds Program To reduce the detrimental impact of nationally 
significant weeds on th e sustainability of 
Australia's natural ecosystem and production 
capacity. 
Natural Resources 
Management Program  To minimize land degradation, identify 
impacts on crops, predict movements through 
the environment  and develop ways of 
understanding, recognizing and achieving 
long-term viability. 
Tasmania To develop a nd improve efficient and 
sustainable practices in agriculture 
Rabbit Management To  minimize the economic, environmental and 
social impacts caused by rabbits by 
encouraging farmers to implement integrated 
rabbit control programmes. G/AG/N/AUS/52 Australia  
(2002 - 2003) 
Green Box 
Measure 
Pest Animal Management To provide advisory services to minimise the 
economic, environmental and social impact on 
all lands in Victoria of actual and potential 
animal pests. 
Western Australia To provide training support for sustainable 
rural management, trade and market 
development. 
QDPI: - Natural Resources 
Management Program To help increase awareness about the 
sustainable management of natural resources. 
South Australia To provide ex tension advice to enhance 
sustainable economic development. 
Western Australia To enhan ce production practices, promote 
ecologically sustainable development and pest 
and disease control. 
Tasmania To ensure the continued development of 
efficient and sustainable agriculture.   
Environmental 
programmes To support natural resource management.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 49 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure Or Programme Objective 
NHT - National Rivercare 
Program 
 
 To assist community groups to contribute 
towards the sustai nable mana gement, 
rehabilitation and conserva tion of rivers and to 
improve the health of these river systems. 
NHT - Murray-Darling 
200114 To promote and coordinate effective planning 
and management for the equitable, efficient 
and sustainable use of the water, land and 
other environmental resources of the Murray-
Darling Basin. 
NHT - Farm Forestry 
Program To encourage the incorporation of commercial 
tree growing and management into farming 
systems. 
Australian Capital 
Territory To assist the community groups for sustainable 
production and conservation of biodiversity 
and natural resource management. 
Rural Conservation Fund 
 To provide financial a ssistance for projects 
that address conservation criteria such as the management of protecte d species and habitats 
and aquatic ecosystems. 
New South Wales 
 
 To provide funding for programmes for 
preventing and mitigating degradation of land 
and water resources associated with 
agricultural production. 
Northern Territory - Land 
Resource Conservation 
 
 To identify land resources and  evaluate their 
opportunities and constraints in order to 
facilitate sustainable development; develop 
and promote land manage ment practices which 
conserve, enhance, and rehabilitate land 
resources including the pastoral estate. 
South Australia - 
Revegetation To help communities initiate revegetation 
projects. 
Tasmania To limit environmental damage and encourage 
sound practices to minimise soil erosion and 
water damage.   
Western Australia To provide en vironmental services for all 
agricultural industries. 
Technical and financial 
assistance under paragraph 
3 (iii) of the Decision on 
Measures Concerning the 
Possible Negative Effects 
of the Reform Programme 
on Least Developed To reduce poverty and achieve sustainable 
development in developing countries not just 
by improving agriculture and rural 
development, but also by directing its efforts 
across a variety of sectors. G/AG/N/AUS/57 
 Australia  
(2003 -2004) 
Article 16.2 of 
the Agreement  
Bilateral and regional 
programmes To support programmes in forestry and 
fisheries, environm ental management, 
management of water resources. 
G/AG/N/BRB/16 Barbados (2000 
-2002) Scotland District 
Development and 
Protection To provide for activities for the continuing 
programme of soil stabilisation and 
maintenance activities.     WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 50  
 
  Symbol Member Measure Or Programme Objective 
 Green Box 
Measure 
 
General Services Regulatory programme 
 To provide the regulatory basis for the 
protection of the environment from the 
potentially dangerous side-effects of the 
production of agriculture crops using modern 
technology. 
G/AG/N/CHL/14 
 Chile 
(2001 -2002) 
Green Box 
Measure 
General Services Agricultural research To generate, adapt and disseminate scientific 
and technological knowledge and products that 
contribute to the sustai nable (social, economic 
and environmental) development of the 
competitiveness of the various actors involved 
in the agricultural sector. 
G/AG/N/CYP/14 
 Cyprus (2002) 
Green Box 
Measure 
General services Research services To provide support for research including 
general research, research in connection with 
environmental programmes, and research 
programmes relating to particular products. 
Training services To provide agricultural training services. 
Infrastructural services 
 
  
 To assist in the development of livestock areas 
and zones and other infrastructural works for 
livestock (including works for environmental protection such as treatment of waste, etc.).   
Subsidies for soil 
conservation woks To provide financial assistance for the 
construction of soil conservation works for 
agricultural development. 
G/AG/N/CZE/52  Czech Republic 
(2002) 
Green Box Measure Investment aids. 
 
 
Other non-product-specific 
support To restructure crop production through 
afforestation and planting of fast growing 
trees. G/AG/N/DOM/9 Dominican 
Republic  
(2003) 
Green Box 
Measure  Environmental 
Programmes To support use of e nvironmentally sound 
fuels. 
To support forest and water management. 
G/AG/N/EEC/49 
 European 
Communities 
(2000 – 2001) 
Green Box 
Measure 
General Services Infrastructural services To promot e natural resource development. 
Resource Retirement 
Programmes 
 To support arterial drainage; collective 
irrigation schemes; pr ovide electricity and 
water supply; farm roads; construction of 
reservoirs; flood protection. G/AG/N/EEC/50 European 
Communities 
(2003) 
Green Box 
Measure  Environmental 
Programmes To set-aside; at least 20 per cent cultivated 
land to be left fallow, wooded or used for non-
agricultural purposes.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 51 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure Or Programme Objective 
  Development projects with 
other countries:- Bhutan 
 
 To protect environment and preserve the 
countryside; control soil erosion; give aid for 
environmentally sensitive areas; support and 
protect organic production by providing aid for 
forestry measures in agriculture. 
Egypt To provide extension support in Renewable 
Natural Resources (1997 – 2005). 
To assist in the Wang Watershed Management 
(1997 – 2005).  
Honduras To provide support for the Kafr El Sheik soil 
improvement. 
Laos To provide support for the Phong Sali Forest 
Conservation and Rural Development. 
Tunisia To provide support for the Phong Sali Forest 
Conservation and Rural Development. G/AG/N/EEC/51 
 European 
Communities 
(2001 – 2002) 
Green Box 
Measures 
 
General Service 
Infrastructural services To provide  support for the Integrated Rural 
Development and Mana gement of Natural 
Resources. 
Structural Adjustment 
Assistance Resource Retirement 
Programmes To provides services in arterial drainage; 
collective irrigation schemes; provision of 
electricity and water supply; farm roads; 
construction of reservoirs; flood protection. 
 Environmental 
Programmes 
 To set aside at least 20 per cent cultivated land 
to be left fallow, wooded or used for non-
agricultural purposes. G/AG/N/GEO/5 
  
Georgia (2002 – 
2003) 
Green Box 
Measure  Infrastructural services To protect environment and preserve the 
countryside; control soil erosion; provide aid 
for environmentally se nsitive areas; support 
and protect organic production by giving aid 
for forestry measures in agriculture. 
G/AG/N/HND/16 
 Honduras (2001 
– 2003) 
Green Box 
Measure  Forest Policy Support 
Project (PROFOR) AFE, 
COHDEFOR To promote reforestation. 
 Launch and development 
of PRONADERS 
Programme DINADERS, 
SAG  To apply elements of a forest policy based on 
the conceptualization of social forestry as an 
essential part of the n development plans and 
on the implementation of social forestry 
concepts in specific areas of the country as a 
strategy to alleviate poverty and reduce 
ecological vulnerability. G/AG/N/HND/16/ 
Rev.1 
 
 
  
Training 
Services Regional Forest Health and 
Management Strategy for 
Latin America To contribute to raising the living standards of 
the population and maximizing the potential of 
natural resources through human, social, 
environment al and production-oriented 
development. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 52  
 
  Symbol Member Measure Or Programme Objective 
 
 Mangrove Management 
and Conservation Project To develop, implement and release a national 
and regional strategy to prevent the spread of 
the bark beetle pest, which is damaging the 
pine forests of Centra l America, and provide 
training for staff at national level in forest 
management and protection.   
Other services Tri- National Su stainable 
Development Programme 
for the Upper Lempa River 
Basin To provide training in environmental 
protection and conservation for communities 
in the coastal maritime zone in the Gulf of 
Fonseca. 
Land-use planning and 
protection of watersheds 
and protected areas To raise the living standards of the inhabitants 
of the upper Lempa River basin by way of 
measures encouraging the sustainable 
development of the intervention area, with a 
view to breaking the poverty-degradation of 
natural resources cycle. 
Forest Policy Support 
Project (PROFOR) AFE, COHDEFOR 
 To ensure the conservation, delimitation and 
legalization of small watersheds and water sources.  
Other services 
Honduras 
(2001 – 2003) 
Green Box 
measure  
Launch and development 
of PRONADERS 
Programme DINADERS, 
SAG To apply elements of a forest policy based on 
the conceptualization of social forestry as an 
essential part of the development plans and 
implement social forestry concepts in specific 
areas of the country as a strategy to alleviate 
poverty and reduce ecological vulnerability. 
Other services Tri- National Su stainable 
Development Programme 
for the Upper Lempa River 
Basin To raise the living standards of the population 
and maximize the potential of natural 
resources through human, social, 
environmental and production-oriented 
development. 
Land-use planning and 
protection of watersheds 
and protected areas To raise the living standards of the inhabitants 
of the upper Lempa River basin by way of 
measures encouraging the sustainable 
development of the intervention area, with a 
view to breaking the poverty-degradation of 
natural resources cycle. G/AG/N/HND/17 
 
Other services 
Honduras (2001 
- 2003) 
Article 18.3 of 
the Agreement  
Forest Policy Support 
Project (PROFOR). AFE, 
COHDEFOR To ensure the conservation, delimitation and 
legalization of small watersheds and water 
sources. 
 Tri-National Sustainable 
Development Programme 
for the Upper Lempa River 
Basin (SAG) 
 
 To apply elements of a forest policy based on 
the conceptualization of social forestry as an 
essential part of the development plans and 
implement social forestry concepts in specific 
areas of the country as a strategy to alleviate 
poverty and reduce ecological vulnerability. G/AG/N/HND/17/ Rev.1 
 
Honduras (2001 
– 2003) 
Article 18.3 of 
the Agreement  Mangrove Management 
and Conservation Project 
(PROMANGLE). AFE, 
COHDEFOR To raise the living standards of the inhabitants 
of the upper Lempa River basin by way of 
measures encouraging the sustainable 
development of the intervention area, with a 
view to breaking the poverty-degradation of 
natural resources cycle.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 53 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure Or Programme Objective 
Land-use planning and 
protection of watersheds 
and protected areas (Land 
programme). AFE, 
COHDEFOR. To provide training in environmental 
protection and conservation for communities 
in the coastal maritime zone in the Gulf of 
Fonseca. 
Regional Forest Health and Management Strategy for 
Latin America To promote the conservation, delimitation and 
legalization of small watersheds and water 
sources in conjunction with communities.   
Tri-National Sustainable 
Development Programme 
for the Upper Lempa River 
Basin (SAG) 
Land-use planning and 
protection of watersheds 
and protected areas To develop, implement and release a national 
and regional strategy to prevent the spread of 
the bark beetle pest, which is damaging the 
pine forests of Central America, and to provide 
training for staff at national level in forest 
management and protection. 
G/AG/N/HUN/33 
 Hungary (1999 - 
2000) 
Green Box 
Measure Investment aid 
 To raise the living standards of the inhabitants 
of the upper Lempa River basin by way of 
measures encouraging the sustainable 
development of the intervention area, with a 
view to breaking the poverty-degradation of 
natural resources cycle. 
To assist in the conservation, delimitation and 
legalization of small watersheds and water 
sources in conjunction with communities in 
the departments of Ocotepeque, Intibucá and 
Colón. 
Environmental 
programmes To provide assistance to soil melioration and 
to irrigation investment. 
Other assistance  To provide assistance to the protection of 
arable land. G/AG/N/HUN/37 
 Hungary  
(2001- 2002) 
Green Box 
Measure 
General services Investment aid To provide assi stance to mending, cultivating 
and preserving the quality of forests. 
 Environmental 
programmes 
 
 To provide assistance to soil melioration and 
irrigation investment. 
Other To provide assistance to the protection of 
arable land. 
To provide assistance to the implementation of 
the National Agricultural Environment 
Protection Programme. G/AG/N/ISR/33 
 
Israel  
(2002) 
Green Box 
Measure  
Services provided for 
farmers To provide assistance to  mending, cultivating 
and preserving the quality of forests. 
 Regional 
Assistance 
Programme Clean Arava Project To promote soil conservation and drainage. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 54  
 
  Symbol Member Measure Or Programme Objective 
G/AG/N/JPN/98 
  Japan (2000) 
Green Box 
General Services Research programmes 
 
 To clean the Arava area from pesticides (a part 
of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly Project). 
Environmental 
programmes To provide assistance in general research and 
research in connection with environmental 
programmes. G/AG/N/NZL/39 
 New Zealand 
(2001 – 2003) 
Article 16.2  Bilateral Programmes:-
Vanuatu To provide funding for maintaining paddy 
fields in environmentally good condition 
through growing any plants other than rice or 
other appropriate  managements. 
To support programme for reduction of 
environment al burden due to dairy farming: 
payments to dairy farmers who practice 
appropriate management to tackle 
environmental problems. 
G/AG/N/NZL/40 
 New Zealand 
(2003 -2004) 
Article 16.2 of 
the Agreement  Technical and financial 
assistance:- bilateral – 
Vanuatu To support plantation forestry development. 
Kenya To promote plantation forestry development. 
Tanzania To support the Lake Victoria Fisheries 
Management. G/AG/N/NIC/16/Rev.1 
 Nicaragua 
(2002) 
Green Box 
Measure 
General Services Research To support the Meru Diocese tree nursery. 
Training and advisory 
service 
Other services To research into and promote sustainable 
forestry and facilitate access to forestry 
information. 
To promote production techniques to boost 
productivity and climatic  and environmental 
vulnerability. G/AG/N/POL/60 
 Poland (2002) 
Green Box 
Measure  
Training and advisory 
service 
 
 
Other services 
Structures and 
infrastructures To support for green municipalities with 
regard to the transformation and 
diversification of su stainable production, 
increasing productivity, rehabilitation, 
reduction of vulnerabil ity and environmental 
education. 
G/AG/N/SVK/42 
 Slovak Republic 
(2002) 
Green Box 
Measure Environmental 
programmes To modernise rural infrastructure and 
environment protection. 
G/AG/N/SVN/28 Slovenia  
(2003) 
Green Box 
Measure 
General services Research subsidy services 
 
 
  To provide ecological procedures.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 55 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure Or Programme Objective 
Extension and advisory 
services To assist in research programmes and projects 
in forestry and agriculture. 
Infrastructural services To provide support in public forestry services 
and agricultural advisory services.  
G/AG/N/THA/50  Thailand (1999) 
Green Box 
Measure 
 
General Services Environmental Programme To assist the development of infrastructure 
connected with agricultural development, the 
reconstruction of forestry roads, land drainage  
and accumulation programmes.  
G/AG/N/TUN/30 
 Tunisia (2001) 
Green Box 
Measure 
General services Environnemental 
conservation  To encourage producers to use soil and water 
resources appropriately in order to prevent soil 
and water problems which may affect the 
environment; encourage the use of non- 
chemical substances in farming.  
Agricultural Research Service (ARS)  
 To promote land and afforestation works. 
Tennessee Valley 
Authority (TVA) 
 To conducts research on a wide variety of 
topics, including soil and water conservation, 
plant and animal sciences, human nutrition, 
and integrated agricultural systems. 
Waste management 
program 
 
 To conducts research on problems related to 
agricultural developm ent, environmental 
quality;  and to prevent pollution. 
Conservation Program Technical Assistance To research on development of efficient 
wetlands and of organic plant food and cattle 
feed from agricultural wastes (broiler litter), 
and other creative waste management 
methods. 
Natural Resource 
Conservation Service 
(NRCS) To help producers participate in environmental 
and conservation programs, such as the 
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), 
Environmental Quality Incentives Program, 
and the Wetland Reserve Program. 
Conservation Reserve 
Program (revised) To promote conservation of soil and water, 
NRCS provides technical assistance, conducts 
soil surveys, and assesses erosion factors; 
assists individuals and localities to develop 
area-wide plans for resource conservation and 
development. 
Environmental payments  
 
 To reduce soil erosion. G/AG/N/USA/51 
 United States 
(2000 - 2001) 
 
Wildlife Habitat Incentives 
Program To assist farmers to use sound soil and water 
conservation practices; help landowners 
implement long term conservation measures; 
conserve wetlands. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 56  
 
  Symbol Member Measure Or Programme Objective 
Wetland Reserve Program 
 To provide technical assistance and cost-share 
assistance to landowners to develop habitat for 
upland wildlife, wetlands wildlife, endangered 
species, fish  and other wildlife. 
Farmland Protection 
Program To conserve and restore wetlands through 
long-term agreements.   
Environmental Quality 
Incentives Program (EQIP) To protect top soil by limiting conversion to 
non-agricultural uses. 
 
E. A GREEMENT ON ANTI -DUMPING  
18. In 2004, 121 notifications were s ubmitted by Members under the Agreement on 
Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 on Anti- dumping.  Out of these, 3 notifications were 
related to the environment, which accounted for approximately 2.5 per cent of the total.24   
19. They contained restrictions, prohibitions and re gulations of imports a nd exports of goods and 
services to protect human and animal life;  to ensure the use of non-renewable natural resources in 
their production process;  and to reduce the impact of their life-cycle on the natural environment.25 
 
Chart 13:  Environment-related Anti- dumping Notifications (1997 – 2004)  
4
13
00123
00.511.522.533.544.5
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
 
                                                      
24 See Chart 13. 
25 See Table 7.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 57 
 
 
   
Table 7 :Environment-related Antidumping Notifications (2004)  
 
Symbol Member Measure Or Programme Objective 
G/ADP/N/1/CAN/4 
G/SCM/N/1/CAN/4 Canada Subsidy 
 To provide assistance for the 
adaptation of existing 
facilities to new 
environmental standards. 
Restriction or prohibition of imports and 
exports of relevant goods and technologies  
 
 To protect human health or 
safety, the life or health of 
animals or plants, or to 
protect environment. G/ADP/N/1/CHN/2/Suppl.4 
 China, 
Republic of 
Restriction or prohibition of relevant 
international trade in services To protect human health or 
safety, the life or health of 
animals or plants or to protect 
environment. 
G/ADP/N/1/ZAF/2 
G/SCM/N/1/ZAF/2 
 South Africa  Regulation of imports and exports of goods  To ensure use of non- 
renewable natural resources 
in their production, and their life-cycle impact on the 
natural environment.
 
 
F. A GREEMENT ON IMPORT LICENSING PROCEDURES (ILP) 
20. In 2004, 34 notifications were submitted by  Members under the ILP Agreement.  Out of 
these, 12 notifications were environment-related26, representing 35.3 per cent of the total. 
21. A significant number of these notifications made reference to import licensing requirements 
related to the compliance of international obliga tions under multilateral environmental agreements 
(MEAs), such as the CITES on endangered species, Mont real Protocol on ozone-depleting substances 
and Basel Convention on hazardous and toxic waste.   
22. The notified measures consisted of, among others , bans and prohibitions, permits, automatic 
and non-automatic import licenses, import quotas, e xport licenses and control of movement on wild 
animals, plants, fishery, ozone depleting subs tances, hazardous waste and chemicals aimed at 
protecting the environment and preserving biodiversity.27 
                                                      
26 See Chart 14. 
27 See Table 8. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 58  
 
   
Chart 14: Environment-related ILP Notifications (1997 – 2004
) 
 
1520
1017
71316
12
0510152025
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
 
Table 8: Environment-related Import Licen sing Procedures (ILP) Notifications (2004)  
 
Symbol Member Measure or Product Objective 
G/LIC/N/2/AUS/1 
 Australia Non automatic import licences   To facilitates implementation 
of Australia's obligations under the United Nations 
Framework Convention on 
Climate Change (the 
Convention) in regard to 
synthetic green house gases 
(SGG) used as replacements 
to ozone depleting substances 
(ODS). 
G/LIC/N/3/GTM/2 Guatemala Law on th e Protection and Improvement of 
the Environment on impor ts of animal or 
human waste   To ensure public health and 
environmental protection. 
Import control on ozone-depleting substances 
 To ensure safety, health, 
environmental protection and 
comply with the Montreal 
Protocol. 
Import licences for endangered species 
 To protect endangered species 
and to prevent them from 
over-exploitation in 
accordance with CITES. G/LIC/N/3/HKG/8 Hong Kong, 
China 
Permit system to import waste To comply with the Basel 
Convention and control 
movement of hazardous 
waste.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 59 
 
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Objective 
Import licences of ozone depleting substances 
 
 To restrict HCFC and CFC 
quantities allowable in the 
country and to comply with 
the Montreal Protocol.  
Licensing of any radioactive material or 
substance To protect the environment 
and community health. G/LIC/N/3/ISL/3 
 Iceland 
Prohibition and import licensing of certain 
toxic substances To reduce threat to consumer 
welfare, human health and 
safety or threat to the 
environment. 
G/LIC/N/3/IND/6 India Import licen ce of capital goods, raw material 
and accessories To ensure safety, security and 
protect of the environment. 
Import Quotas for animals ad plants To comply with CITES. G/LIC/N/3/JPN/3 Japan 
Imports licences of ozone depleting 
substances and hazar dous substances  To perform the functions of 
the Montreal Protocol on 
Substances that Deplete the 
Ozone Layer, the Basel 
Convention on the Control of 
Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, 
Waste Disposal and the 
Public Cleansing Law, the 
Law on the Prohibition of 
Chemical Weapons and the 
Regulation of Specific 
Chemicals. 
Import licensing system for import of 
endangered species of animals and plants 
under CITES 
 To preserve animal and plant 
health, animal life, as well as 
to prevent exploitation of 
endangered wildlife in 
accordance with the CITES. G/LIC/N/3/MAC/6 
 Macao, China 
An import licence for import of ozone 
depleting substances To comply with and abide by 
the rights and obligations set 
out in the Montreal Protocol. 
G/LIC/N/1/MEX/1 
 Mexico Non automatic import licensing system for 
import (and export) of sensitive goods To protect morals, security 
and law and order, the use of 
natural resources and the 
conservation of flora and 
fauna, and protect consumers, 
health and the environment. 
G/LIC/N/1/SGP/4 
 Singapor Licensing procedure for Hazardous 
Substances To ensure public safety and 
environmental protection. 
Import licensing system 
 
 
 To ensure environmental/ 
ecological protection, 
compliance with the Montreal 
Protocol G/LIC/N/1/TPKM/4 
G/LIC/N/3/TPKM/2 Taiwan, 
Penghu, 
Kinmen and 
Matsu 
Licensing of imports of oil and petroleum 
products 
 To promote the sound 
development of the oil 
industry and give equal 
consideration to 
environmental protection. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 60  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Product Objective 
  Non-automatic licensing of Sword fish and 
import permits of fishing boats 
 To protect marine ecology 
and ensure continued use of 
fishery resources. 
G/LIC/N/3/TTO/4 
 Trinidad and 
Tobago Automatic licensing of mixture and 
equipment using ozone depleting substances, 
and non automatic licensing for ODS To meet the obligations of the 
Montreal protocol and for 
health and environmental 
reasons. 
 
G. A GREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS  
23. In 2004, 56 notifications were submitted by  Members under the Agreement on Safeguards.  
Out of these, two notification were environment related.28   
24. These notification referred to provisional safegua rd measured aimed at protecting human and 
animal health and safety as well as reducing the th reat or serious injury to natural resources.29 
 
Chart 15:  Environment-related Sa feguards Notifications (1997 – 2004 ) 
 
01111112
00.511.522.5
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
 
 
                                                      
28 See Chart 15. 
29 See Table 9.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 61 
 
 
  Table 9: Environment-related Safeguards Notifications (2004)  
 
Symbol Member Measure  Or Product Objective 
Measures for restriction of performing trade 
activities and protection measures 
 To reduce damage caused to 
consumers and the 
environment. 
Licence for the export and import of goods  
 To protect the environment 
and urban planning. G/SCM/N/1/MKD/1 
G/SG/N/1/MKD/1 
 Macedonia, 
Republic of 
Safeguard Measures for Protection of Natural 
Resources To reduce threat or serious 
injury to natural resources. 
Restriction or prohibition of import and 
export of goods and technologies 
 
 To protect human health or 
safety, the life or health of 
animals or plants, or to 
protect environment. G/ADP/N/1/CHN/2/Suppl.4 
G/SCM/N/1/CHN/1/
Suppl.4 
G/SG/N/1/CHN/2/Su
ppl.4 China, 
Republic of 
Restriction or prohibition of relevant 
international trade in services To protect human health or 
safety, the life or health of 
animals or plants or to protect 
environment. 
 
H. A GREEMENT ON CUSTOMS VALUATION  
25. In 2004, out of the 17 notifications submitte d under the Customs Valuation Agreement, none 
was related to the environment. 
I. A GREEMENT ON STATE TRADING  
 26. In 2004, out of the 30 notifications submitte d under the Agreement on State Trading, none 
was related to the environment. 
J. 
REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS (RTAS ) INCLUDING THE UNDERSTANDING ON THE 
INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE XXIV OF THE GATT 1994 
27. In 2004, out of 172 notifications submitted under the RTAs Agreement, none was related to 
the environment.  
K. A GREEMENT ON TRADE RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (TRIPS) 
28. In 2004, among the 205 notifications submitted by  Members under Article 63.2, seven of 
them contained envir onment-related provisions30, which accounted for around 3.4 per cent of the total.   
29. These measures related to general provision re gulations and exemption of protection by 
patents. They aimed at the protection of human, anim al or plant life or health  and the environment and 
the sustainable development in industry.31 
 
 
                                                      
30 See Chart 16. 
31 See Table 10 WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 62  
 
   
 
Chart 16:  Environment Related TRIPS Notifications (1997 – 2004
) 
 
0135516
57
024681012141618
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
 
Table 10:  Environment-related TRIPS Notifications (2004)  
 
Symbol Member Measure or Product Objective 
IP/N/1/CMR/1 
 Cameroon Application of provisions of the Law  on Forestry, 
Wildlife and Fisheries; and the Convention on Biological 
Diversity  
IP/N/1/EST/O/2 
 Estonia Provisions for exemptions To protect the 
environment. 
IP/N/1/EST/1/Add.1 
 Estonia Laws and regulations on intellectual property rights To ensure the safety 
of plant protection 
products for human 
and animal health and 
the environment. 
Measures for the creation, pr otection and exploitation of 
intellectual property To promote 
sustainable 
development in industry. IP/N/1/JPN/C/3 
IP/N/1/JPN/I/3 Japan 
Promotion of Research a nd Development To promote 
sustainable 
development in 
industry. 
IP/N/1/SVK/P/2 Slovak Exceptions to patent ability on plant and animal varieties, 
essentially biological processes for the production plants 
or animals  
IP/N/1/USA/I/2 United States Interim extens ion of patent based on the environmental 
effects of a product   WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 63 
 
 
  L. THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES (GATS) 
30. In 2004, among the 53 notifications made under Ar ticle III, paragraph 3, of the General 
Agreement on Trade in Services, four related to the environment.32  These notifications include 
regulations and agreements in trade of services mentioning environment issues.33  
Chart 17:  Environment-relate d GATS Notifications (1997-2004)  
01
0007
04
012345678
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
 
 
Table11 : General Agreement on Trade in Services – GATS (2004)  
 
Symbol Member Measure or Programme Objective 
S/C/N/284 
 Switzerland 
 Amendment of 19 December 
2001 to the Federal 
Department of the 
Environment, Transport, 
Energy and 
Communications (DETEC) 
Order   
S/C/N/285 
 Switzerland 
 Amendment of 24 February 
2003 to the Federal 
Department of the Environment, Transport, 
Energy and 
Communications (DETEC) 
Order  
                                                      
32 See Chart 17.  
33 See Table 11. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 64  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Programme Objective 
S/C/N/286 
 Switzerland 
 Amendment of 20 August 
2001 to the Federal 
Department of the 
Environment, Transport, 
Energy and 
Communications (DETEC) 
Order  
S/C/N/279 
 Switzerland 
 Amendment of 19 December 
2001 to the Federal 
Department of the 
Environment, Transport, 
Energy and 
Communications (DETEC) 
Order on 
Telecommunication 
Connections Located 
Outside Inhabited Areas of 
15 December 1997  
 
M. Q UANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS  
31. In 2004, there were 7 notifications submitte d pursuant to the decision on Notification 
Procedures for Quantitative Restrictions wh ich contained environment-related issues.34   
32. The environment-related measures concerned the licensing of wild animals and wild plants 
included under the CITES, licensing of methyl bromide, HCFCs and substances;  import ban of 
ozone-depleting substances, produc ts and appliances;  export cer tificates of firewood from unsawn 
timber;  export ban of fire-burnt firewood;  as we ll as regulations on the administration of import and 
export of Rhinoceros horn and ivory.  The measures were aimed at the protection of wild animals, 
forests and the environment, and/or meeting oblig ations under the CITES and the Montreal Protocol.35 
 
                                                      
34 See Chart 18. 
35 See Table 12.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 65 
 
 
   
Chart 18:  Environment-related Quantitative Restrictions Notifications (1997 – 2004 ) 
 
03
25
24
27
012345678
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
 
Table 12: Environment -related Quantitativ e Restrictions notifications (2004)  
 
Symbol Member Measure or Programme Objective 
 Bahrain 
 Protection of ivory, and 
articles of Ivory 
 To preserve natural Environment.  
 
 China, People's Republic of  Regulations on 
Fluorinated, brominated, 
iodinated derivatives of 
acrylic hydrocarbons, and methane, ethane and 
propane hologenated 
derivatives only with fluorine and chlorine To comply with the 
Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone. 
 
Ban of imports and exports 
of  Methyl Bromide and 
HCFCs for local 
consumption To protect the environment 
and fulfil its national 
obligations under the 
Montreal Protocol  on 
Substances that Deplete the 
Ozone Layer.  Hong Kong, China 
Regulation on highly 
endangered species of To fulfil obligations under 
the CITES. WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 66  
 
  Symbol Member Measure or Programme Objective 
  animals listed in Appendix I 
and II of the Convention on 
International Trade in 
Endagered Species of Wild 
Flora and Fauna (CITES) 
Import Quota on animals 
and plants, and their 
derivatives of the 
Washington Convention To fulfil obligations under 
the CITES.   Japan 
Import Quotas on controlled substances listed in the 
Montreal Protocol and 
Stockholm Convention To fulfil the obligations 
under the 1987 Montreal 
Protocol  on Substances that 
Deplete the Ozone Layer. 
Regulations on new and 
used  motor cars and 
other motor vehicles, tractors, motorcycles, 
and parts and accessories 
thereof To protect the 
environment.  
  Macao, China 
Regulations on Ozone 
Depleting Substances To fulfil the obligations 
under the 1987 Montreal 
Protocol  on Substances that 
Deplete the Ozone Layer. 
Import Prohibition of 
Hemp, its leaves, flowers, 
seeds, stems, any part 
thereof To protect the 
environment.  
  Oman 
Import Prohibition of daisy 
plant, its leaves, flowers, 
stems, seeds, or any part 
thereof To protect the 
environment.  
 
Import and export control 
regulations of ozone 
depleting substances except 
those using R11, R12, 
R113, R114, R115, Halon 
1211, 1321, 2402 To meet national 
obligations of the Montreal 
Protocol. 
Import and export control regulations of persistent 
organic chemicals To ensure safety of health 
and protect the 
environment.  Trinidad and Tobago 
Quota requirements for 
Trichlorofluoromethane 
and 1,1,1- Trichloroethan 
(methylchloroform )  
  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 67 
 
 
  N. AGREEMENT ON TRADE -RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES (TRIMS ) 
33. In 2004, there were no environment-relate d notifications submitted under the TRIMS 
Agreement. 
O. UNDERSTANDING ON THE BALANCE -OF-PAYMENTS PROVISIONS OF THE GATT 1994 
34. In 2004, no environment-related notifications  were submitted pursuant to the Understanding 
on the Balance-of-Payments Provisions. 
P. A GREEMENT ON TEXTILES AND CLOTHING  
35. In 2004, no environment-related notificati ons were submitted under the Agreement on 
Textiles and Clothing. 
Q. A GREEMENT ON PRE-SHIPMENT INSPECTION  
36. In 2004, no environment-related notificati ons were submitted under the Agreement on Pre-
shipment Inspection. 
R. A GREEMENT ON RULES OF ORIGIN  
37. In 2004, no environment-rela ted notifications were submitte d under the Agreement on Rules 
of Origin.  
S. P LURILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS :  AGREEMENT ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT  
38. In 2004, one environment-related notifica tion was submitted under the Agreement on 
Government Procurement.36  It included energy conservation laws, public works and services aiming 
at the enhancement of energy efficiency; the prom otion of the recycling treatment of construction 
sludge and concrete mass; and at the use of recycled material. 37 
 
                                                      
36 See Chart 19. 
37 See Table 13.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 68  
 
   
Chart 19:  Environment-related Governme nt Procurement Notifications (1997-2004)
 
2
00029
01
012345678910
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
 
Table 13: Agreement on Government Procurement (2004 ) 
 
Symbol Member Measure or Programme Objective 
Adjustment made to energy 
conservation law regarding 
fuel efficiency criteria for 
LP gas vehicles To enhance energy 
efficiency. 
Public-works projects 
 To promote low emission 
and noise machines, 
recycling treatment of 
construction sludge and 
concrete mass.  GPA/37/Add.1 
 Japan 
Services To promote energy 
conservation diagnosis, 
cafeteria, printing, recycling 
of automobile tires, and use 
of recycled material. 
T. I NFORMATION TECHNOLOGY  
39. In 2004, no environment-related notificati ons were submitted under the Ministerial  
Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products.  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 69 
 
 
  U. O THER NOTIFICATION PROVISIONS  
40. In 2004, one environment-related notifica tion was made to the Committee on Trade and 
Development under generalized system of preferen ces regarding tariff reduction to least-developed 
countries.38 
 
Table 14: Other (2004 ) 
 
Symbol Member Measure or Programme Objective 
Exemption from custom 
duties for natural honey, 
edible products of animal 
origin  
Exemption from custom 
duties for live trees and 
other plants, bulbs, roots 
and the like, cut flowers and 
ornamental foliage  WT/COMTD/N/7/Add.2 Switzerland 
Exemption from custom 
duties for residues and 
waste from the food 
industries  
 
II. TRADE POLICY REVIEWS 
41. Sixteen Trade Policy Reviews (TPRs) were carried out in 2004.39  References have been 
made to the environment-related measures and provision or programme s contained in the Secretariat 
and Government reports for TPRs.  Environment-re lated references pertai n mainly to import/export 
restrictions, some pursuant to multilateral e nvironmental agreements  (MEAs), and national 
environmental and resource conservation pr ogrammes.  The information is summarized40 under the 
following three headings:  trade policy framework; tr ade policies and practices by measure;  and trade 
policies by selected sector.41  
                                                      
38 See Table 14. 
39 TPRs on Belize, Benin, Brazil, Burkina Faso, European Communities, Gambia, Jamaica, Japan, 
Mali, Norway, Republic of Korea, Rwanda, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Switzerland and Liechtenstein  
40 On each point, reference is made to the paragraph number "§" of the original TPR document, with 
the Secretariat report indicted with "S" an d the Government report with "G".    
41 Generally, "Trade Policy Framework" includes government policies, plans, programmes, 
environmental and investment policies, as well as inform ation related to WTO agreem ents.  "Trade Policies and 
Practices by Measures" include quantitative restrictions (s uch as bans and prohibitions, quotas, controls, licenses 
and permits);  technical requirements (such as notifications, registrations, custom procedures, labelling requirements, standards and technical regulations);  taxes, levies and subsidies;  as well as others measures 
affecting production and trade (such as  research or government support). WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 70  
 
  A. B
ELIZE42  
Trade policy framework  
 • Belize has raised concerns under the DDA regarding sustainable development 
of fisheries. (S-II§36) 
• Belize has ratified a number of conventions through the International 
Maritime Organization including the Prevention of Pollution by Ships. (S-
IV§120)  
• Adoption of strategic plan in 1998 by tourism board focussing on sustainable 
tourism development policy. (G§34) 
Trade policies and practices by measure  
Taxes, levies and 
subsidies  • All imports subject to environment tax except basic items like medicines, 
basic foodstuffs, etc.;  domestic products not subject to environmental tax 
(justified on basis that tax is to mitigate negative effects of imported products 
like plastic packaging).  (S-III§38, 45) 
• Proceeds of tax for fund to clean rivers , enhance environment,  etc. (S-III§46) 
 
Technical 
requirements 
  • Import prohibitions maintained for environmental considerations. (S-III§50)  
• Other import restriction for purposes of preservation of the environment. (S-
III§58) 
• Licenses for utility poles made of wood with purpose to assist sustainable 
forestry initiatives. (S-III§55) 
Others • Draft law on GMOs has been prepared but not yet adopted. (S-III§85)  
• No patents for inventions whose commercial exploitation would harm the 
environment. (S-III§157) 
 
 
B. BENIN43  
Trade policy framework  
 • Investment Code covers environmental protection activities and activities 
having a negative impact on the environment are excluded. (S-II§35) 
• Government intends to develop renewable energy sources through renovation 
of solar power stations, creation of research centre, et c. (G-III§69, 70) 
Trade policies and practices by measure  
Quantitative 
restrictions and 
prohibitions • Exports of teak in the roug h and charcoal prohibited with a view to preserving 
natural resources. (S-III§70) 
Technical 
requirements  • Mandatory standards exist for management of waste and used oils. (S-III§47) 
• Permit needed for the import of any fresh or chilled fruit or vegetables, for 
environmental protection reasons. (S-IV§18) 
 
Others 
 • Control of imports involves physical inspection for environmental 
contaminants. (S-III§50) 
 
                                                      
42 TPR/134 
43 TPR/131  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 71 
 
 
  Sector Policy    
Agriculture, livestock 
and forestry  • Objective of Rural Development policy includes diversifying and 
intensifying agricultural production in a sustainable way without jeopardizing ecological heritage. (S-IV§11) 
• Consumption of energy in the form of bio mass energy, agricultural clearing, 
etc. have accelerated process of deforestation; reforestation campaigns undertaken since 1980s. (S-IV§29) 
• Policy doesn’t focus on preserving natural resources and protecting the 
environment. (S-IV§30) 
 
 
C. BRAZIL44  
Trade policy framework  
 • MERCOSUR Framework Agreement on Environment which recognises 
linkages between trade and environment, establishes principles aiming at the 
future harmonization of environmental policies, etc.;  meeting of environment 
ministers established as forum for coordination of environmental policies. (S-II§73) 
• National agency created in 2000 which goal is to implement mechanisms for 
sound management of water and to search solution for problem of pollution in rivers. (G-II§30) 
• Initiatives to support local community in the Amzon in biotrade being 
implemented and being examined as part of a national programme. (G-II§31) 
• Ecotourism development programme adopted in 2000; programme to 
encourage sustainable tourism projects extended to the whole country. (G-
II§32) 
• Participant in Amazon Cooperation Treaty to promote environmental 
conservation and sustainable development. (G-III§80) 
• The Draft Law on Public-Private Partnerships is a key policy instrument to 
expand infrastructure investments crucial for sustainable economic and social 
development. (G§102) 
 
Trade policies and practices by measure  
Quantitative 
restrictions and prohibitions  • Exports of certain woods and organic chemicals being prohibited due to 
extinction reasons and under the Montreal Protocol, etc.; export of certain 
woods subject to quotas. (S-III§181,182)   
• Import prohibitions in accordance w ith CITES, Basel Convention and 
Montreal Protocol. (S-III§84) 
 
                                                      
44 TPR/140 WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 72  
 
  Technical regulations 
and standards  • Products containing GMOs can only be imported with prior authorization. (S-
III§85)  
• Exports of products subject to prior authorization for environmental reasons. 
(S-III§186) 
• States and public bodies encouraged to  concentrate on environment issues 
with respect to technical standards. (S-III§141) 
• 24 environmental management system accreditation bodies present. (S-
III§154) 
• Products and services that affect the environment are subject to mandatory 
certification. (S-III§155) 
• Brazil has enacted several new laws covering GM foods and imported seeds. 
(S-III§164) 
• Use of GMOs regulated and includes compulsory labelling for products 
containing GMOs over specified limits. (S-III§169)  
 
Taxes, levies and 
subsidies • Institution of an environmenta l tax in 2000. (S-III§231) 
Sector Policy    
Agriculture 
 • Ministry mandated to integrate environmental considerations in formulating 
policy. (S-IV§11) 
 
Forestry  • Wood use for cellulose and paper production resulted in deforestation, 
promotion reforestation campaigns and the introduction of plans for the 
sector’s sustainable development. (S-IV§62) 
• Main actions of National Forest Programme includes expansion of forests in 
sustainable way, restoration of degraded lands, etc. (S-IV§65) 
• Exports of certain woods,  especially endangered species are restricted or 
prohibited and required prior approval. (S-IV§64) 
• In case of plantations, certain areas must  be maintained as preservation areas, 
firms consuming timber and consuming significant raw materials from forests 
have to comply with reforestation norms. (S-IV§69) 
• Forestry Code allows government to reforest, establish forest areas of 
permanent preservation; programmes aimed at promoting sustainable 
development of forestry sector being extended. (S-IV§70) 
• Several sources provide funding for forestry projects promoting sustainable 
management. (S-IV§71)  
• Certain private sector projects were  directed towards forestation or 
reforestation. (S-III§264) 
 
Energy • The law stipulates that the revenue generated by economic domain (CIDE) 
may be used to finance environmental projects related to the gas and 
petroleum industry. (S-IV§131) 
• Passenger motor vehicles manufactured to run partially or totally on ethanol to 
lower emissions of polluting gases; 1998 law mandated official vehicles to run 
on renewable fuels. (S-IV§139) 
• Regulations establishing maximum allowable electricity consumption levels 
for domestic and imported equipment were enacted during an energy crisis 
period. (S-IV§154)  
 
Services • With respect to maritime transport and ports, Brazil has ratified the 
Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes. (S-IV§289) 
 
  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
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  D. BURKINA FASO45 
Trade policy framework  
 • Over-exploitation of flora thre atening environment. (G-I§2) 
• Adoption of rural development and poverty reduction strategy to ensure 
sustainable management of natural resources. (G-I§6, 7) 
• In agricultural sector government aims to improve management of natural 
resources and environment; achieve ecological balance by focussing 
environmental policy on fighting desertification, forestry management, etc. 
(G-II§8, 9) 
• The government will establish a permanent sectoral databank on mining and 
environment. (G-II§13) 
Trade policies and practices by measure  
Technical 
requirements 
 • Goods prohibited for environmental reasons; special import authorization 
required for imports of certain products for environmental protection reasons. 
(S-III§46) 
• Export of live wild animals and hun ting trophies requires certificate and 
CITES permit. (S-III§66) 
Sector Policy    
Agriculture, livestock 
and forestry • Government rural development strategy aims to promote sustainable 
development. (S-IV§15, 16) 
 
Mining, petroleum and 
energy 
 • Traditional methods of gold mining has an adverse impact on the 
environment. (S-IV§39) 
Industries • Application for authorisation for setting up an industry must contain 
information on environmental impact. (S-IV§56) 
 
 
E. EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES46  
Trade policy framework  
 • Proposed acts/agreements under nego tiation are evaluated by external 
consultants with the main aim of iden tifying their environmental effects and 
proposing flanking measures to mitig ate their adverse effects and amplify 
their benefits. (S-II§14) 
• EC’s Common Commercial Policy has the objective of promoting sustainable 
development economic activities and a high level of protection and 
improvement of the quality of the environment. (S-II§15) 
• EC trade legislations take into account  the protection of the environment and 
endangered species. Member states can take measure affecting imports and 
exports on grounds of protection of environment beyond the EC trade 
legislations. (S-II§18) 
• Negotiations with other regional groupings also take into account 
environmental considerations through a sustainability impact assessment. (S-
II§27) 
                                                      
45 TPR/132 
46 TPR/136 WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 74  
 
  • Under the DDA, the EC has spearheaded initiatives on the promotion of 
sustainable development. It has advocated the need for MEAs to be mutually supportive with the multilateral trading system, liberalization of 
environmental goods and services, etc.  (S-II§33), (G-IV§50, 51)  
• Bilateral agreements with Switzerland provided for participation in various 
EC schemes on environment. (S-II§43) 
• Negotiations with MERCOSUR also seek to implement certain 
environmental provisions. (S-II§47, 48) 
• Establishment of Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area aims to take into 
account environmental concerns. (S-II§51) 
• The primary objectives of the EPAs were  to foster sustainable development 
and fully comply with the prevailing WTO rules. (S-II§57) 
• The objectives of the EC’s Generalized System of Preferences aims to also 
ensure the promotion of fundamental environmental standards through the 
provision of incentives such as reduction in tariffs for compliance with specific environmental standards. (S-II§60, 62) 
• Strengthening of policies in pursuit of strategies aimed at achieving 
sustainable development through environmental renewal. (G-II§5, 6) 
• A number of new initiatives were launched in the areas of environment and 
employment, e.g. a Community strategy for health and safety at work. (G§10) 
• Revised common agricultural policy provides for a new system of payments 
linked to the observance of environmental standards. (G-II§15) 
• EC views trade policy as means to promote sustainable development and 
strengthen coherence between trade an d other areas like the environment and 
plays a leading role with respect  to the same. (G-III§25, 26, 30) 
• The 'Cardiff process' calls for the in tegration of sustainable development 
objectives in all EC policies thus EC continued to reinforce interaction 
between economic, environmental and social policy in order to make parallel 
progress on the economic and social fronts to the benefit of all. (G-III§31) 
• The social and environmental policy was integral to the dynamic 
development of modern, open economies and societies and brought 
cumulative benefits including the social and environmental dimensions.  (G-III§33) 
• EC believes that without environmental policies, the environmental 
implications arising from trade liberali zation could prove extremely costly in 
medium and long run. (G-III§34) 
• Environmental policies were integral to development assistance to developing 
countries;  proper management of environment underpin domestic reform. 
(G-III§38) 
• Launching of partnership with private sector in promotion of environmental 
standards by encouraging private sector to voluntarily integrate 
environmental concerns in their business activities, etc. (G-III§40, 41) 
• The EC launched reflection on a New European Neighbourhood policy 
aiming at fostering relations with its neighbours through a long-term strategy 
for promoting reform, sustainable development and trade. (G-III§67) 
• EC has co-operated with a number of developed countries with a view to 
tackling remaining regulatory barriers while preserving high level of 
protection of the environment. (G-III§78) 
• A roadmap and a work-plan to establish an initiative was agreed between EC 
and ASEAN Ministers with the aim to address trade and environment issues 
more closely. (G§81) 
Trade policies and practices by measure  
Quantitative 
restrictions and • Adoption of new mechanism by Commission for allocation of quotas to 
producers and importers of HCFCs; through common system of notification  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 75 
 
 
  prohibitions and information on trade with thir d countries, EC controls trade in certain 
chemicals that are banned or restri cted due to effect on environment; 
application of international notification and prior informed consent procedure 
established by the UNEP and FAO. (S-III§89)  
• Import prohibitions, licensing requirements and other restrictions in 
accordance with CITES, Basel Convention,  prescriptions of the International 
Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) and 
other environmental requirements; adoption of 4
th Amendment to Montreal 
Protocol. (S-III§45)  
• Export restrictions permitted to protect life of animals and plants. (S-III§102) 
• In non-harmonized areas, goods lawfully produced in one country cannot be 
banned from sale in the territory of another, except in cases of overriding general interest (such as environment protection), of which the Commission 
must be notified. (S-III§72) 
 
Technical 
requirements • The avoidance of unnecessary technical barriers to trade while pursuing a high 
level of environmental protection is key aspect of EC’s internal market 
strategy and trade policy. (S-III§66) 
• “New-approach” regulations covering wide range of products, through 
voluntary European harmonized standards or manufacturers own initiatives to 
meet environmental objectives. (S-III§68) 
• With respect to sanitary and phytosanitary measures, the Council is 
empowered to adopt legislation for functioning of common market needs to 
take into account environmental concerns. (S-III§78) 
• EC Regulation of 2002 gives special powers to Commission to implement 
emergency sanitary and phytosanitary meas ures to contain serious risks to the 
environment in the EC. (S-III§79)  
• New regulations concerning applications  for authorization to place GM food 
on the EC market, traceability and labe lling of GMOs were adopted. (S-
III§85) 
• “Customs 2007” programme aiming at ensuring the protection of EC’s 
environmental concerns. (S-III§10) 
• EC envisages a greater role for national customs administrations in the 
application of environmental issues. (S-III§12) 
Taxes, levies and 
subsidies • Approval Of Proposal Aiming To Increase Incentives To Use More 
Efficiently And Allowing Member St ates To Offer Tax Incentives To 
Companies For Specific Undertakings To Reduce Emissions. (S-III§30) 
• Poland Has A 1 Year Transitional Agreement To Apply A Reduced Excise 
Duty Rate On Certain Ecological Fuels. (S-III§31)  
 
Others • Under certain circumstances, state ai d that may distort intra-Community 
competition may be allowed for the purposes of environmental protection. (S-III§126) 
• Acceding countries to implement EC ’s acquis in competition policy upon 
accession, subject to transitional arrangem ents which provide for state aid for 
environmental protection. (S-III§130) 
Sector Policy    
Agriculture 
 • Reform of Common Agricultural Policy aimed at safeguarding the 
environment. (S-IV§25) 
• Member States may makes payments s ubject to requirement to keep all 
farmlands in good environmental conditions. (S-IV§26, 28) 
• No environmental improvement if current sugar regime extended. (S-IV§41) 
 WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 76  
 
  Forestry  • Repeated forest fires have affected cap acity of forests to act as a carbon sink 
and as a result new scheme to safeguard Community’s forests. (S-IV§7) 
• Rural development regulation includ es agri-environmental measures, 
afforestation, etc. (S-IV§12) 
 
Fisheries • Common Fisheries Policy since 2003 aimed at achieving environmentally 
sustainable fisheries by conservation of marine environment, etc. (S-IV§2, 46, 
53) 
• Regional Advisory Councils (RACs), comprising fishermen, scientists and 
other representatives from environmental and interested consumer groups, 
were established.  (S-IV§52) 
• EC is a contracting party to Regional Fisheries Organizations for instance the  
North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organisation (NASCO), Commission for 
the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR); etc. (S-
IV§59) 
 
Energy • Support in energy was granted for more efficient environmentally friendly 
energy. Under recently enacted legisla tion, the electricity and natural gas 
markets were further liberalized an d became more efficient. (S-IV§3) 
• Financing of programme to promote renewable energy, energy efficiency, etc. 
(S-IV§63, 64) 
• In 2003, Council agreed to a proposed directive for taxation of energy 
products to meet environmental objective and the Tokyo Protocol. (S-IV§65) 
 
Manufacturing • With respect to textiles and clothing, in 2003, Commission proposed measures 
to explore the use of labelling to fac ilitate access of EC products that respect 
international environmental standards. (S-IV§80) 
• Aim of proposed regulatory system for chemicals (REACH) is to secure high 
level of protection for environment by various methods like testing of toxic bio-accumulative chemicals, etc. (S-IV§85) 
• Commission authorized aid for steel industry for environmental purposes. (S-
IV§89) 
 
Services  • Transport services face problems of  environmental concerns; programme 
adopted in 2003 which aims to improve environmental performance of freight 
transport system. (S-IV§119, 122) 
• With respect to maritime transport, ther e has been a steady drift of EC fleet 
since the mid 1980s to countries that are more attractive to ship owners in 
terms of environmental standards. (S-IV§130) 
• New measures such as the creation of  compensation funds were aimed to 
avoid environmental disasters caused by oil tankers. (S-IV§134) 
• With respect to air transport services , rules are under discussion to limit 
adverse impact of air traffic on the environment, including ban on noisiest 
aircrafts and reduction of greenhouse emissions, etc. (S-IV§138)  
• In 2003, Commission proposed an EC-drive to enhance environmental 
sustainability of European tourism; financial support for local tourism 
activities from Community programmes aimed at improving environmental 
protection. (S-IV§142, 143) 
 
  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 77 
 
 
  F. GAMBIA47  
Trade policy framework  
 • Renewable sources of energy with respect  to the energy sector, eco-tourism in 
tourism sector, etc. are qualifying activities for incentives in investment. (S-
II§17) 
• Zone enterprises need to avoid activities that have a deleterious impact on 
environment. (S-II§22) 
• Objective to provide renewable energy at affordable prices. (G-III§58) 
• Agricultural sector is facing problem of environmental degradation. (G-
III§62) 
Trade policies and practices by measure  
Technical 
requirements  
 • Application of CITES led to prohibition of ivory, wild animal skins, etc.; 
import controls apply to products containing CFCs. (S-III§32, 33) 
Taxes, levies and subsidies • Environmental tax applied to second hand vehicles. (S-III§25) 
Sector Policy    
Agriculture  
 • Implementation of several government programmes aimed at improving soil 
management, erosion control, etc. (S-IV§30) 
 
Forestry • Government policy in forestry sector is to increase extent of forest cover and 
area under community management so as to combat desertification. (S-IV§49) 
• Exploitation of forest resources requires a license; regulations contain list of 
protected tree species that can not be exploited. (S-IV§51) 
 
Fisheries  • Policy objective in fishery sector is sustainable management of fisheries 
resource which addresses problem of stock depletion. (S-IV§40, 41) 
• Gambia participates in regional efforts for monitoring, control and suviellance 
of industrial fisheries activities under  the auspices of a commission which 
aims to foster marine conservation. (S-IV§43)  
• The Government needs to clarify how the various incentives would be 
reconciled with the aim of managing the fish stock on a sustainable basis. (S-
IV§45) 
 
Services • Government policy framework aimed at ensuring tourism is environmentally 
sustainable. (S-IV§98) 
 
 
G. JAMAICA48 
Trade policy framework  
 • Government embarked on new energy policy focussing on energy 
diversification, development of mechanisms to increase indigenous 
renewable energy supply like wind, biomass, etc. (G§33) 
• Depending on the planned activity, a company may be required to get an 
                                                      
47 TPR/127 
48 TPR/139 WT/CTE/EDB/4 
Page 78  
 
  environmental impact assessment done by an authority. (S-II§30) 
• Technical cooperation has been inst rumental in the implementation of 
sustainable development programmes and protection of the environment; 
UNEP provided technical a ssistance funds. (S-II§84) 
 
Trade policies and practices by measure    
Quantitative 
restrictions and prohibitions  • Import licenses required for products having potential impact on 
environment. (S-III§7, 60) 
• Import prohibitions are applied for e nvironmental considerations, articles 
prohibited include those covered by the Basel Convention, Montreal Protocol 
and CITES. (S-III§56) 
• Quantitative restrictions on CFC to satisfy obligations under Montreal 
Protocol; quota to end in 2006 by when CFC consumption to be phased out. 
(S-III§57) 
• Export of some animal prohibited; export licenses required for environmental 
considerations, including those covered under CITES. (S-III§102, 103)¨ 
 
Technical requirements • Technical regulations notified to the WTO primarily relate to the 
environment and products  covered include environmentally hazardous 
products. (S-III§85)  
• The establishment of the CARICOM Regional Organisation for Standards 
and Quality was meant to promote environmental protection. (G§45) 
 
Others  • Instructions for drafting biosafety bill pending approval of cabinet (will 
enable accession to Convention on Biol ogical Diversity) and implementation 
of Convention's Biosafety Protocol regarding GMOs. (S-III§97)  
• Procuring agencies are mandated to co mply with environment preservation 
and protection legislations and to evaluate the "environmentally friendliness" 
of their programmes. (S-III§166) 
Sector Policy    
Agriculture and related 
industries • The IICA helps promote better use and management of natural resources and 
the environment. (S-IV§21) 
• Agricultural projects have objectives of promoting sustainable development, 
encouraging environmental cons ervation measures. (S-IV§35, 37) 
Mining  • With respect to mining, a research institute makes recommendations 
regarding pollution controls and other environmental programmes. (S-IV§50) 
• To undertake mining activities, an applicant must hold an environmental 
permit. (S-IV§52) 
 
Energy • Issues of renewable energy been given serious attention by government; first 
commercial wind farm commissioned in 2004. (S-IV§74) 
 
Services • Ships inspected for purposes of prevention of marine pollution by maritime 
authority. (S-IV§156) 
• Jamaica has ratified a number of International Maritime Organization 
conventions, including ones on marine pollution. (S-IV§157) 
• Main tourism policies promote environmental management. (S-IV§166) 
 
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  H. JAPAN49 
Trade policy framework  
 • Under the DDA agricultural negotiations, Japan aims to establish rules that 
would take into account environment protection concerns. (S-II§6) 
• Japan has carried out trilateral cooperation with China and Korea in the area 
of the environment. (S-II§15) 
• Under the DDA negotiations, Japan has participated actively to incorporate 
environmental concerns and has submitted a comprehensive list of 
environmental goods. (G-II§14) 
• Japan and EU conducted wide ranging consultations on environmental 
regulation. (G-V§58) 
• Recommendations were formulated that agricultural production should be 
made more environmentally friendly by incorporating environmental 
requirements into government programmes, etc. (G-VII§94) 
 
Trade policies and practices by measure  
Technical 
requirements  • Importation of certain goods are subjected  to licensing requirements in order 
to preserve the environment. (S-III§28) 
• A list of items require import approval, such as those controlled substances 
under the Montreal Protocol (S-III§29) 
• Import quotas are imposed on certain products.  Controlled substances listed 
in Montreal Protocol have been removed from list of items subject to import 
quotas, while specific substances listen on the Stockholm Convention on 
Persistent Organic Pollutants have been added. (S-III§30) 
• Mandatory labelling regarding GMO is applied to specified foods. (S-III§58) 
 
Taxes, levies and 
subsidies  • In order to achieve environmental objective, Japan has a complex system of 
tax breaks. (S-III§74) 
Others • Foreign companies can obtain low inte rest loans for supporting environment 
friendly management systems. (S-III§62)  
• Export of endangered animals and plants specified in international treaties, 
specified substances listed in the Montreal Protocol, etc. requires permission for export. (S-III§67, 68) 
 
I. MALI50 
Trade policy framework  
 • Objectives of rural development plan includes the protection of environment 
and improving management of natural resources. (G-III§24) 
• Policy in water sector will involve e nvironmental protection of country’s 
water resources. (G-III§64, 66) 
 
 
  
 
                                                      
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  Trade policies and practices by measure  
Quantitative 
restrictions and prohibitions • Export prohibitions and restrictions on hunting trophies as per CITES 
certificate. (S-III§58) 
Technical requirements • Technical committees carried out wo rk in sector of chemicals and 
environment and brought together various actors in the area leading to the 
introduction of national standards. (S-III§48) 
Sector Policy    
Agriculture, livestock 
and forestry  • Agricultural policy, updated in 2000 has objectives of sustainable 
development and environmental protection; previous plan achieved adoption of modernization of regulatory texts on environment, adoption of 
environmental policy. (S-IV§12, 13) 
Mining  • With respect to mining, all applications for an operating permit must include 
an environmental assessment. (S-IV§43)   
 
Energy  • Development of renewable sources of energy for needs of populations located 
outside electricity network and to promote dissemination of solar, biomass 
etc. technologies. (G-III§61)   
• Renewable sources of energy will be developed for populations located 
outside electricity network. (G-III§63) 
 
 
J. NORWAY51  
Trade policy framework  
 • Establishment of an Environmental Fund in 2001 of which the assets are to be 
invested only in companies that satisfy certain environmental criteria. (S-I§4) 
• Norway is seeking multilateral liberalization in environmental services. (S-
II§7, 15, G-II§31) 
• Under the DDA, Norway has submitted proposals on trade and environment. 
(S-II§14, 15) 
• Norway is a member of European Economic Area (EEA); an agreement 
which contains environment activities. (S-II§30, 31) 
• Norway maintains stricter regulations on pesticides and fertilizers on 
environmental grounds. (S-II§55)  
• Sustainable development is a governing policy for the government and it is 
committed to pursuing mutually suppor tive trade and environment policies. 
(G-I§1, 3) 
• Trade policy has increasingly become a topic for political debate with more 
emphasis being put on aspects like environment. (G§6) 
• CO2 tax introduced in 1991 and government intended to introduce an 
emission allowance trading scheme for CO2 emissions from 2005. (G-II§17)  
• Norway has supported the maintenance of agricultural production as a means 
of addressing important non-trade concerns such as the environment. (G§35) 
• The Agreement on the European Econom ic Area (EEA) includes areas such 
as the environment. (G§46) 
 
                                                      
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  Trade policies and practices by measure  
Quantitative 
restrictions and 
prohibitions • Import prohibitions for environmental reasons; products containing specified 
chemicals banned; import of some species listed in CITES prohibited. (S-
III§39) 
• Exports of various animals and plants  prohibited in accordance with CITES; 
export of hazardous waste to non-OECD  countries prohibited; environmental 
controls on transboundary movement s of hazardous wastes as per EC 
regulations. (S-III§71) 
 
Technical 
requirements  • Strict regulations on pesticides and cadmium content in fertilizers containing 
phosphor on environmental grounds. (S-III§55) 
• Norway participates in voluntary eco -labelling scheme, covering chemical 
products, household detergents, etc; also participates in EC ecolabelling 
system; increased cooperation in ecolabelling with the EU, Japan and the Republic of Korea. (S-III§59) 
• Foods containing more than specified percentage of GMOs must be labelled. 
(S-III§60) 
• Food safety authority to ensure envi ronmentally sound production. (S-III§62) 
 
Taxes, levies and 
subsidies • “Green taxes” are levied on envi ronmentally damaging chemicals and 
beverage packing. (S-III§32) 
• The country operates st ate aid programmes and schemes with a view to 
promoting sustainable production and consumption. (S-III§87) 
• Loan granted and guarantee to compan ies for building and operating a plant 
for treating hazardous waste. (S-III§104) 
• Fund to provide grants in form of investment support, etc. for projects in 
energy saving, renewable sources of energy, new technologies, etc. (S-
III§105) 
• Subsidized loan scheme with objective to stimulate companies to invest in or 
develop environmentally friendly technologies in order to reduce emissions 
of greenhouse gases and other harmful emissions. (S-III§106) 
 
Others • Various programmes conducted to support enterprises engaged in 
environmental improvement including promotion of information, capacity building for sustainable production and consumption patterns, payments, etc. 
(S-III§103) 
• Introduction of new legislation to ensuring efficient legal framework to 
commit procuring entities to take into account environmental cost in public 
procurement. (S-III§125) 
Sector Policy    
Agriculture 
 • Agricultural policy is aimed at environmental concerns. (S-IV§9) 
• To receive headage and acreage support,  certain environmental criteria must 
be met. (S-IV§25) 
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  Forestry, wood and 
paper products • Forestry law’s objective is to promote afforestation. New forest law under 
preparation whose objective it to clarif y forest owner’s responsibility with 
respect to environmental issues. (S-IV§42) 
• Scheme to encourage investments in forestry based on sustainable use of 
forest resources, including tax advantages and subsidies. (S-IV§44, 46, 47, 
48) 
 
Fishing and acquaculture • Marine resource management is based on principles of sustainable 
harvesting, multi- species approach, etc. (S-IV§63) 
• Norway has ratified the Convention relating to the conservation and 
management of straddling fish stocks, and is a contracting party to the 
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. (S-
IV§64) 
• Fishing activities controlled through a stringent licensing system to prevent 
over- fishing (S-IV§67) 
 
Energy  • Opening areas for oil exploration, production, etc. takes place after 
authorities ensure that environmental impact of the activities have been 
assessed; production, exploration, etc. licensees required to carry out thorough assessment of environmental impact of their activities before 
development and decommissioning. (S-IV§89) 
• Carbon dioxide tax levied on petroleum operations. (S-IV§91) 
• Proposal by Ministry of Petroleum and Energy to stimulate environmentally 
friendly energy production. (S-IV§98) 
 
Services • Commitments on national treatment in environmental services been offered. 
(S-IV§117) 
• With respect to maritime transport services, main policy goal includes the 
development of uniform rules on environment at sea. (S-IV§152) 
 
 
K. REPUBLIC OF KOREA52 
Trade policy framework  
 • Authorities can restrict trade to preserve the environment. (S-II§14) 
• On fisheries, Korea believes that ne gotiations should focus primarily on 
harmonizing trade liberalization with the objective of sustainable use of 
exhaustible fish stocks. (S-II§29) 
• FDI restriction if they threaten e nvironmental preservation. (S-II§54) 
• Exclusions are limited to land of military, cultural or environmental 
significance and farmland designated for rice and barley. (S-II§58) 
• With respect to the agriculture negotiations under the DDA, Korea is mindful 
of concerns like environmental protection. (G-IV§51) 
• Korea believes it is important to enhance mutual supportiveness of trade and 
environment policies through DDA negotiations. STOs set out in MEAs 
should includes only tr ade measures that are ma ndatory and specific and 
exclude those measures that par ties can exercise discretion in 
implementation. Korea believes that su ccessful negotiations on liberalization 
of environmental goods and services could contribute to achievement of sustainable development objectives. (G-IV§61) 
China and Korea agreed to strengthen cooperation in environmental industry in 2003. 
(G-IV§70)
 
                                                      
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  Trade policies and practices by measure  
Quantitative 
restrictions and 
prohibitions • Import prohibitions and restrictions for environmental conservation. (S-III§59, 
62) 
• Export prohibitions or restriction imposed on grounds of conservation of 
wildlife (CITES) and environmental protection. (S-III§113, 114, 115) 
 
Technical 
requirements  • Mandatory technical regulations to meet environmental preservation 
objectives. (S-III§80) 
• Environmental risk assessments on biotechnology crops due to become 
mandatory when Korea ratifies the Cart agena Biosafety Protocol. (S-III§85) 
• Accreditation body for environmental management systems. (S-III§89) 
• Approval for importation/production of genetically modified agricultural 
products based on applicant’s environmental risk assessment; government 
also conducts its own environmen tal risk assessment. (S-III§100) 
• Mandatory biotechnology labelling requirements for specified GMO food 
products. (S-III§104) 
 
Taxes, levies and subsidies 
 • Korea imposes environmental waste charges on imports of certain products, 
materials that contain harmful substanc es and are difficult to recycle. (S-
III§56) 
• Special excise tax applies to motor vehicles to minimize environmental 
pollution and enhance energy savings. (S-IV§58) 
 
Others • Agency approves special imports such  as endangered species under CITES. 
(S-III§60) 
Sector Policy    
Agriculture 
 • Direct payments and more subsidies contingent on having environmentally 
friendly farming practices. (S-IV§15, 20) 
 
Fishing • Korea has suffered serious resource depletion due to overexploitation; Korea 
is implementing project aimed at estab lishing sustainable fishery system and 
developing environmentally friendly methods. (S-IV§30) 
• Aquaculture has generate some negative environmental consequences like 
water pollution; under 2000 law, mariculture grounds left idle for certain 
periods to facilitate sustainable production. (S-IV§33) 
 
Energy • Objective of energy policy is to es tablish environment friendly energy 
systems. (S-IV§37) 
• Reference price system implemented in 2002 subsidises excess costs of power 
generated from renewable energy. (S-IV§44) 
 
Manufacturing  • Industrial vision for 2010 is to further expanding exports of bio and 
environmental industrial products. (S-IV§53)  
 
 
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  L. R
WANDA53  
Trade policy framework  
 • Main objective of agricultural policy is protection of the environment. (G-
II§12) 
Trade policies and practices by measure  
Technical 
requirements  • Standards with respect to the environment;  process of developing standards 
on environmental management systems. (S-III§52) 
Others • List of authorized pesticides drawn up taking into account their toxicity, the 
Rotterdam Convention and the Stockholm Convention. (S-III§61) 
• Rwanda has ratified the Kyoto Protocol, Montreal Protocol, Basel 
Convention, CITES, etc. (S-III§62) 
• Production and marketing of any product or toxic substance that affects the 
environment is prohibited; study underway providing for plastic waste management mechanism. (S-III§63) 
Sector Policy    
Agriculture • Agricultural productivity declining for over a decade due to environmental 
degradation. (S-IV§7) 
 
Forestry • Policy objective in forestry sect or is conservation. (S-IV§43) 
• Forestry law’s main objectives include laying down of measures for resource 
conservation, etc. (S-IV§44)  
• Protected areas where all activities es pecially felling prohibited; felling 
permits issued only after environmental assessment; establishment of forest 
protection service envisaged. (S-IV§46) 
 
Fisheries  • Lack of fisheries management policy and use of destructive fishing 
techniques. (S-IV§35) 
• Objective of government policy is environmental protection through rational 
husbandry of fishery resources. (S-IV§37) 
• Draft law on fisheries covers management of fisheries, measures for 
conserving fishery reso urces, etc. (S-IV§38) 
 
Mining and energy 
 • Government envisages use of geothermal, wind and solar energy. (S-IV§54) 
 
M. SINGAPORE54  
Trade policy framework  
 • Singapore’s commitments on environmental services have gone beyond its 
GATS commitments; FTA with the USA covers environment issues. (S-
II§28) 
Trade policies and practices by measure  
                                                      
53 TPR/129 
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  Quantitative 
restrictions and prohibitions • Import prohibitions, restrictions and licensing on some products like old cars, 
etc. for environmental reasons. (S-III§24, 25) 
• Export prohibitions for environmental reasons, export prohibitions on 
rhinoceros horn under CITES. (S-III§66, 67) 
 
Technical 
requirements   • 100% alignment with international standards in the area of environment. (S-
III§38) 
• No specific labelling requirements for pre-packaged GM food; labelling of 
GM food being discussed; establishment of committee to provide factual and scientific information to p ublic on GMOs. (S-III§50)  
• Stipulation of minimum construction standards to ensure environmental 
standards are met. (S-IV§66) 
 
Others • Companies require permission for certain activities due to environmental 
considerations. (S-III§104) 
Sector Policy    
Power and water • Government encourages water conservation through recycling, mandatory 
installation of water saving devices, etc. (S-IV§26, 27) 
 
Services  • With respect to land transport, there is a ban on imported cars that are three 
years or older for envir onmental reasons. (S-IV§64) 
• Singapore party to all major international conventions on maritime pollution 
prevention. (S-IV§76) 
 
 
N. SRI LANKA55  
Trade policy framework  
 • Government investment strategy has increased attention towards environment. 
(G-II§57) 
• Agricultural policy aided by healthy environmental policy with introduction 
of soil conservation measures, sustainable management of water resources, 
etc. (G-IV§164, 165) 
• Energy intensive manufacturers utilizing energy saving methods and 
equipments and installing waste energy recovery processes. (G-IV§174) 
Trade policies and practices by measure  
Quantitative 
restrictions and 
prohibitions • Import prohibitions and special licensing scheme on grounds of 
environmental protection. (S-III§33, 34) 
• Export prohibitions and licensing to protect the environment including 
endangered species in accordance with international conventions such as 
CITES. (S-III§76)  
• Ban on importation of GM food from 2001. (S-III§48) 
 
Technical 
requirements • Planning to implement an energy efficiency labelling scheme for household 
electrical appliances. (S-II§53) 
 
Taxes, levies and 
subsidies  • Border charges on certain exports on grounds of environmental protection. (S-
III§72) 
                                                      
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  • Export duties and cesses may be imposed to protect the environment. (S-
III§73) 
Sector Policy    
Agriculture  • National policy identified the need for closer integration of agriculture sector 
and conservation and sustainable use of resources. (S-IV§10) 
 
Services  • Environmental degradation constrains tourism sectors development; all hotel 
projects must undergo an environmental impact assessment study by 
government authority. (S-IV§122, 123) 
 
 
O. SURINAME56  
Trade policy framework  
 • Adoption of plan by government in 2001 which has the goals of sustainable 
development and protection of the environment. (S-II§21) 
• Incentives in form of deductions from taxable income from certain 
investments in the interest of environmental protection. (S-II§38) 
• Nature reserves covers range of ecosystems of a notable conservation value. 
(G§29) 
Trade policies and practices by measure  
Quantitative 
restrictions and prohibitions 
 • Import restrictions on grounds of environmental protection;  party to CITES 
and  Montreal Protocol. (S-III§52, 54) 
• Trade restrictions and licensing requirements for the protection of the 
environment. (S-III§94) 
 
Technical 
requirements  • Import measures on basis of technical regulations and international standards 
with a view to protect th e environment. (S-III§70) 
• Legislation under preparation to allo w use of precautionary principle and 
adoption of measures against risks associated with GMOs. (S-III§82) 
Sector Policy    
Agriculture and food 
processing 
 • Exclusion of large areas from exploitation for environmental purposes; 
environmental management capacity and resources to manage forest logging 
expansion very limited. (S-IV§28, 29) 
 
                                                      
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  Forestry • Rate of deforestation has been relativ ely low, however recent expansion of 
small scale gold mining has had negative environmental consequences. (S-IV§56) 
• Initiatives taken since mid 1990s aimed at strengthening institutional capacity 
for sustainable forestry management, preservation of tropical rainforest, 
certification of sustainable production methods, etc. (S-IV§63, 64) 
 
Mining  • Revised mining legislations to provide for protection of the environment. (S-
IV§2) 
• Mineral agreements between the government and individual enterprises often 
have provisions for the protection of the environment. (S-IV§68) 
• Policy initiative announced to enable the government to apply more stringent 
environmental protection requirements. (S-IV§73) 
 
Electricity • Master plan for energy sector aims at developing non-conventional sources of 
energy, efficiency of ener gy use, etc. (S-IV§100) 
 
Services  • New law on air transport service sector  deals with matters addressed in the 
annexes to the ICAO Convention including environmental protection. (S-
IV§156) 
• With respect to maritime transport se rvices, preparation of legislation to 
conform with obligations under convention on marine pollution. (S-IV§171) 
• Government aims to promote sustainable development of tourism and protect 
the local environment. (S-IV§177) 
 
 
 
P. SWITZERLAND AND LIECHTENSTEIN57 
Trade policy framework  
 • Under the DDA negotiations, Switzerland aims to promote coherence 
between the multilateral trading system a nd environment especially in area of 
agriculture; Liechtenstein shares Sw itzerland’s concerns. (S-II§10, 11) 
• Switzerland and EU continued to seek ag reements in the area of environment. 
(S-II§28) 
• A fee is calculated on the basis of polluting emissions to internalize pollution 
costs on the “polluter pa ys” principle. (S-II§41) 
• Agreement on environment provides for full participation by Switzerland in 
activities and projects of European Environmental Agency. (S-II§66) 
• Switzerland maintains its goal of negotiating and implementing 
environmental agreements coheren tly and cooperating with foreign 
governments to ensure conformity with the laws on importing and exporting 
material that may pose a risk to the en vironment, includin g hazardous waste, 
toxic chemical products, etc. (G§6) 
• Switzerland implemented the first seven bilateral agreements and concluded 
negotiations with the EU on a second series of bilateral agreements in fields 
such as the environment. (G§8) 
• For Liechtenstein, the Agreement on the European Economic Area includes 
horizontal policies on the environment. (G§29) 
• The Swiss Government continued to implement the structural reforms  with 
priorities on domestic policy areas su ch as the environment. (G§36) 
• Switzerland is actively taking in all international negotiations on the 
environment to promote sustainable development; believes in use of trade-
                                                      
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  related measures within framework of MEAs. (G-III§62)  
• Switzerland has ratified all the multilateral environment agreements - the 
Montreal Protocol, Basel Convention, Rotterdam Convention , Stockholm 
Convention, Kyoto Protocol, etc.; it is committed to reduce its emissions of 
green house gasses; introduction of tax incentives in order to reduce 
consumption of fossil fuels. (G§64: S) 
• Switzerland seeks to ensure that international process in forums like UNEP, 
CSD, etc. are taken into account in ongoing environmental negotiations. (G-
III§65) 
• Switzerland endorsed the recommendations of the World Commission on the 
Social Dimension of Globalization report  on integrating eco nomic, social and 
environmental aspects in national and international development policies 
(G§68) 
• In the course of 2000, Sw itzerland reached ag reements with th e EU in area of 
environment. (G-IV§71) 
• Switzerland maintains that negotiations under the DDA should also promote 
consistency between the multilateral trading system and environmental 
policies. (G§98) 
• Switzerland intends to pursue the reforms of its agricultural policy to have an 
agreement that takes into account non-tr ade related aspects of agriculture like 
the protection of the environment. (G§103) 
 
Trade policies and practices by measure  
Quantitative 
restrictions and 
prohibitions  • Import controls maintained for environmental reasons. (S-III§53) 
• Switzerland and Liechtenstein mainta in export controls by licences for 
environmental reasons and to ensure compliance with Basel Convention and 
CITES, etc. (S-III§112) 
 
Technical 
requirements 
 • Authorization required for use of GMOs in foodstuffs; mandatory labelling 
and packaging requirements apply to products containing GMOs. (S-III§67, 
92, 93) 
• Liechtenstein has accredited certification body for environmental management 
systems. (S-III§71) 
• Eco-labelling systems used by companies on a voluntary basis. (S-III§80) 
• Inspection of vehicles addresses issues of pollutant emission, noise, etc. (S-
IV§60) 
 
Others  • Swiss measures for protection of environment contained in various laws; 
agency negotiates and implements in ternational environmental agreements; 
Switzerland party to Basel Convention and Cartagena Protocol, etc. (S-III§94, 
95) 
• Switzerland and Liechtenstein apply a number of trade measures to enforce 
environmental provisions for example import prohibitions on ozone depleting 
substances, etc. (S-III§97)  
• Tied aid restricted to environmental protection; mixed credit scheme is used 
for environmental protection. (S-III§121) 
Sector Policy    
Agriculture 
 • Agricultural policy reforms focussed on sustainability of sector through 
environment friendly measures. (S-II§8) 
• Liechtenstein's agricultural sector has gone through tremendous structural 
changes from the environmental perspective. (G§24) 
• Agricultural policy objectives include the conservation of natural resources,  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
 Page 89 
 
 
  allowing rural areas that meet sust ainable development criteria to earn 
comparable incomes, etc. (S-IV§7) 
• Policy initiative of 2002 included further efforts to promote environmental 
sustainability; ecological production conditions introduced as eligibility for 
direct payments; farmers must no w comply with specified basic 
environmental standards. (S-IV§9) 
• Authorities consider that ecological ob jective of 2002 policy partly met. 
  (S-IV§10) 
 
Energy • Reform being debated to allow for differentiated tax rates based on 
environmental impact and CO2 content with full exemption for biofuels. (S-
IV§65) 
• Swiss ratification of Kyoto Protocol in 2003; law provides for reduction of 
CO2 emissions primarily through voluntary means; proposal for “climate cent” on transport fuels. (S-IV§78) 
• Launch of programme to promote energy efficiency  and renewable energy. 
(S-IV§79) 
• In Liechtenstein, law regulated emissi on targets, air pollution levels, etc.; 
revision in 2004 represents further commitment to reduce greenhouse gas 
emissions. (S-IV§80) 
• Promotion of energy saving is pillar of Liechtenstein’s energy policy; 
approval and ratification of Kyoto Protocol expected before end of 2004; 
framework to promote use of renewable energy. (S-IV§80) 
 
 
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  ANNEX I 
 
ENVIRONMENT-RELATED NOTIFICATIONS: 
SEARCH WORDS 
 
Basel Convention Hazardous 
Bio HCFCs  Carbon Indigenous  Cartagena  Kyoto Protocol CFCs  Modified organism  
CITES  Marking 
Clean Montreal Protocol Climate Natural resources Conservation Novel  Conserve Organic  
Desertification Ozone 
Diversity Package(ing) Eco-label  Pollution Ecology Preservation Emissions Preserve Endangered Recycle 
Energy Renewable 
Environment Saving  Erosion Soil erosion Extinct   Species Fauna Sustainable 
Fish  Toxic 
Flora Tree Forest Waste Genetic  Wildlife  GHGs  Wood Green (house)  
  WT/CTE/EDB/4 
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  ANNEX II  
 
ABBREVIATIONS 
 
AMS − Aggregate measurement of support 
Cartagena 
Protocol − Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity 
CBD − Convention on Biological Diversity 
CFCs − Chlorofluorocarbons 
CGP − Code of Good Practice, Annex III of the TBT Agreement 
c.i.f. − Cost, insurance and freight 
CITES − Convention on International Trade in En dangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 
CO 2 − Carbon dioxide 
EEA − European Economic Area 
EIA − Environmental Impact Assessment 
FAO − Food and Agriculture Organization 
FIFG − Financial Instrument of Fisheries Guidance structural measures in the fisheries and 
aquaculture sector in th e European Communities 
GMOs − Genetically modified organisms 
HCFCs − Hydro Chloro Fluoro Carbons 
IDB − Inter-American Development Bank 
ICCAT − International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna 
ITTO − International Tropical Timber Organisation 
Kyoto Protocol − Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 
LDCs − Least-Developed Countries 
LMOs − Living modified organisms 
MEAs − Multilateral environmental agreements 
Montreal Protocol − Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 
NFIDCs − Net Food-Importing Developing Countries 
NGOs − Non-governmental organizations 
ODSs − Ozone-depleting substances 
PESCA − Community Initiative concerning the Restructuring of the Fisheries Sector 
R&D − Research and development 
SMEs − Small and medium-sized enterprises 
SO 2 − Sulphur dioxide 
SPS − Sanitary and phytosanitary 
TBT − Technical barriers to trade 
TPR − Trade Policy Review 
UNEP − United Nations Environment Programme 
UNFCCC − United Nations Framework C onvention on Climate Change 
 
 
__________