WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION   
GATS/SC/146 
5 June 2012  
 (12-2935) 
Trade in Services  
  
 
 
MONTENEGRO  
 
Schedule of Specific Commitments 
 
 
(This is authentic in English only) 
 
 
_______________  
  GATS/SC/146 
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Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
Public Utilities (3) Services considered as public utilities 
at a national or local level may be 
subject to public monopolies or to exclusive rights granted to private 
operators
1.   
Legal Entities 
 
Limitations on branches, agencies and representative offices  (3) Treatment accord ed to subsidiaries 
having their registered office, central 
administration or principal place of business within Montenegro may not 
be extended to branches or agencies 
established in Montenegro.  Treatment less favourable may be 
accorded to subsidiaries with a 
registered office in Montenegro that cannot show an effective and 
continuous link with Montenegro's 
economy.  
Subsidies  (3) Eligibility for subsidies may be 
limited to juridical persons 
established within the territory of Montenegro or a particular 
geographical sub-division thereof.  
Unbound for subsidies for research and development.  The supply of a 
service, or its subsidisation, within 
the public sector is not in breach of 
this commitment. 
(4) To the extent th at any subsidies are 
made available to natural persons, 
their availability may be limited to 
citizens of Montenegro. 
  
                                                      
1 Explanatory Note:  Public utilities exist in sectors such as related scientific and technical consulting services, R&D service s on social sciences and humanities, technical 
testing and analysis services, environmental services, health se rvices, transport services and services auxiliary to all modes of transport.  Exclusive right s on such services are often 
granted to private operators, for instance operators with con cessions from public authorities, subject to specific service obli gations.  Given that public utilities often also exist at the 
sub-central level, detailed and exhaustive sector-specific scheduling is not practical.  This limitation does not apply to tele communications and to computer and related services.  
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Real Estate (3)(4)Foreign persons may own real estate 
other than arable land and real estate 
within restricted areas subject to reciprocity.  
Temporary Entry and Stay of Natural 
Persons (4) Unbound except for measures 
concerning the entry into and temporary stay in Montenegro of the 
following categories of natural 
persons providing services: 
 
(i) Intra-corporate transfers (ICT) 
 
Entry and stay for a maximum of 3 years 
will be granted to persons transferred 
within a corporation and its subsidiaries and branches who: 
 
- Have been employed by a juridical 
person established in another WTO 
Member for at least one year immediately preceding the date of 
admission; 
- Are temporarily transferred in the 
context of the provision of a service 
in Montenegro to a subsidiary or 
branch that is providing services in Montenegro; and 
- Are Managers, Executives or 
Specialists. (4) Unbound except for measures 
concerning the categories of natural persons referred to in the Market 
Access column.   
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Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
 Managers:  are persons working in a senior 
position who primarily direct the 
organization, including (a) directing the establishment or a department or 
sub-division of the establishment; 
(b) supervising and controlling the work of other supervisory, professional or 
managerial employees; and (c) having the 
authority personally to hire and fire or recommend hiring, firing or other 
personnel actions(such as promotion or 
leave authorization), and exercise discretionary authority over day-to-day 
operations.  Does not include first-line 
supervisors, unless the employees supervised are professionals, nor does it 
include employees who primarily perform 
tasks necessary for the provision of the 
service.  An economic needs test will not 
be required.  
  
Executives:  are persons within the 
organization, who primarily direct the 
management of the organization, establish 
the goals and policies of the organization, 
exercise wide latitude in decision-making, and receive only general supervision or 
direction from higher-lev el executives, the 
board of directors, or stockholders of the business.  Executives would not directly 
perform tasks related to the actual 
provision of a service or services.  An economic needs test will not be required. 
    
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 Page 5Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
 Specialists:  are persons who possess 
uncommon knowledge essential to an 
establishment's service, research equipment, techniques or management.  
In assessing such know ledge, account will 
be taken not only of knowledge specific to the establishment, but also of whether the 
person has a high level of qualification 
referring to a type of work or trade requiring specific technical knowledge, 
including membership of an accredited 
profession.  An economic needs test will not be required.   
  
(ii) Business Visitors (BV) 
 
Entry and temporary stay of the following 
categories is permitted without application 
of an economic needs test for a period of 
up to 90 days in any twelve months:  
(a) Service sellers - persons not residing 
in Montenegro who are representatives of a service supplier 
and are seeking temporary entry for 
the purpose of negotiating and contracting for the sale of services 
but are not engaged in making direct 
sales to the general public or in supplying services themselves; and 
(b) Persons responsible for setting up a 
commercial presence - managers who are responsible for setting up in 
Montenegro a commercial presence 
of a service provider of another WTO Member and who is not engaged in 
making direct sales or in supplying 
services; when the service provider 
has no other commercial presence in 
Montenegro.    
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Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
 (iii) Contractual Service Suppliers (CSS) 
 
Access will be granted to natural persons engaged in the supply of a service on a 
temporary basis as employees of a legal 
person with no commercial presence in Montenegro, subject to the following 
conditions: 
  
 - The legal person has obtained a 
service contract, for a period not 
exceeding 12 months from a final consumer in Montenegro, through a 
procedure which guarantees the 
bona fide character of the contract; 
- The service contract complies with 
the laws of Montenegro;  
 - The natural person seeking access 
should be offering such services as 
an employee of the legal person supplying the service for at least a 
year immediately preceding such 
movement;  
 - The temporary entry and stay shall be 
for a cumulative period of not more 
than 3 months in any 12 month period or for the duration of the 
contract, whatever is less;   
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Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
 - The natural person must possess 
(a) a university degree or a technical 
qualification demonstrating knowledge of an equivalent level
2; 
(b) professional qualifications where 
this is required to exercise an activity in the sector concerned pursuant to 
the laws, regulations or requirements 
of Montenegro; and (c) at least three years professional experience in the 
sector;  
 - The commitment relates only to the 
service activity which is the subject 
of the contract; it does not confer 
entitlement to exercise a professional title in Montenegro; 
- The number of the persons covered 
by the service contract shall not be 
larger than necessary to fulfil the 
contract; 
- An economic needs test will not be 
required; and 
- The service contract has to be 
obtained in one of the activities 
mentioned below:  
                                                      
2 Where the degree or qualification has not been obtained in Montenegro, the latter may evaluate whether this is equivalent to a  university degree acquired in 
Montenegro.  
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Page 8 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
  - Legal services; 
 - Accounting and bookkeeping 
services; 
 - Architectural services, urban 
planning and landscape 
architectural services; 
 - Engineering services, integrated 
engineering services; 
 - Computer and related services;  - Advertising; 
 - Management consulting 
services; 
 - Services related to management 
consulting; 
 - Technical testing and analysis 
services; 
 - Related scientific and technical 
consulting services; 
 - Translation services; 
 - Environmental services; and  - Installations and maintenance of 
machinery or equipment.   
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 Page 9Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
II. SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES 
A. Professional Services 
(a) Legal services 
 - Consultancy on foreign, 
international law and domestic law 
(part of CPC 861) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(b) Accounting, auditing and 
bookkeeping services 
(CPC 862) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(c) Taxation services3 
(CPC 863) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(d) Architectural services 
(CPC 8671) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(e) Engineering services 
(CPC 8672) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(f) Integrated engineering services 
(CPC 8673) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
                                                      
3 Legal advice and legal representation in taxation matters are not included, since committed under legal services (part of CPC 861). 
  
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(g) Urban planning and landscape 
architectural services 
(CPC 8674) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(h) Medical and dental services 
(CPC 9312) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(i) Veterinary services 
(CPC 932) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(j) Services provided by midwives, 
nurses, physiotherapists and 
para-medical personnel 
(CPC 93191) (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
B. Computer and Related Services  
- Computer and related services 
(CPC 84) 
 
 Montenegro subscribes to the 
"Understanding on the scope of 
coverage of Computer Services - 
(CPC 84)" attached in Annex I. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
C. Research and Development Services 
(a) R&D services on natural sciences 
(CPC 851) 
(b) R&D services on social sciences and 
humanities (CPC 852) 
(c) Interdisciplinary R&D services 
(CPC 853) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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D. Real Estate Services 
(a) Involving own or leased property 
(CPC 821) 
(b) On a fee or contract basis 
(CPC 822) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
E. Rental/Leasing Services Without Operators 
(a) Relating to ships 
(CPC 83103) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(b) Relating to aircraft 
(CPC 83104) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(c) Relating to other transport equipment 
(CPC 83101, 83102, 83105) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(d) Relating to other machinery and 
equipment 
(CPC 83106 - 83109) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(e) Other: 
 - Rental services relating to 
pre-recorded video cassettes 
and optical discs for use in 
home entertainment equipment (CPC 83202) (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
F. Other Business Services
(a) Advertising services 
(CPC 871) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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(b) Market research and public opinion 
polling services 
(CPC 864) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(c) Management consulting services 
(CPC 865) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(d) Services related to management 
consulting (CPC 866)  (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(e) Technical testing and analysis 
services 
(CPC 8676) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(f) Advisory and consulting services 
incidental to agriculture, hunting and 
forestry (part of CPC 881) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(g) Advisory and consulting services 
incidental to fishing 
(part of CPC 882) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(h) Services incidental to mining 
(CPC 883, 5115) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
(j) Advisory and consulting services 
incidental to energy distribution 
(part of CPC 887) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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(k) Placement and supply services of 
personnel 
(CPC 872) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(l) Investigation and security 
(CPC 873) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(m) Related scientific and technical 
consulting services (CPC 8675) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(n) Maintenance and repair of equipment 
(not including maritime vessels, 
aircraft or other transport equipment) 
(CPC 633, 8861-8866) (1) None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(o) Building-cleaning services 
(CPC 874) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(p) Photographic services 
(CPC 875) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(q) Packaging services 
(CPC 876) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(r) Printing, publishing 
(CPC 88442) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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(s)  Convention services 
(part of CPC 87909) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(t) Other: 
 - Translation and interpretation 
services 
(CPC 87905) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES  
A. Postal services4 
(CPC 7511) 
B. Courier services  
(CPC 7512) 
 
Services relating to the handling5 of postal 
items6 according to the following list of 
sub-sectors, whether for domestic or 
foreign destinations.  
(a) Handling of addressed written 
communications on any kind of physical medium
7, including: 
 - Hybrid mail service; and 
 - Direct mail. (b) Handling of addressed parcels and 
packages
8 
(c) Handling of addressed press 
products9 
(d) Handling of items referred to in (a) to 
(c) above as registered or insured mail (1) (2) (3) Licensing systems may be 
established for sub-sectors (a) to (d), for which a general Universal Service 
Obligations exists.  These licenses 
may be subject to particular universal service obligations and/or financial 
contribution to a compensation fund. 
 None for sub-sectors (e) to (g).  (4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) (2) (3) None. 
  
 
  
 
 (4)  Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. Montenegro undertak es the commitments 
in the Reference paper on postal and courier services in the Annex II.  Private 
operators cannot be treated less favourably 
than the National Post Office of Montenegro in providing express delivery 
services. 
                                                      
4 While discussions on classification in this  sector are still ongoing, the commitment is  listed according to the proposed class ification that has been notified to WTO by 
the EU and its Member States on 23 March 2001 (WTO document S/CSS/W/61) and of the scheduling guidelines on postal/courier co-s ponsored by the EU on 17 February 2005 
(WTO document TN/S/W/30), without prejudice to the outcome of the discussion on the classification of postal and courier servic es. 
5 The term "handling" should be taken to incl ude clearance, sorting, transport and delivery. 
6 "Postal item" refers to items handled by any type of commercial operator, whether public or private. 
7 E.g. letter, postcards. 
8 Books, catalogues are included hereunder.  
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(e) Express delivery services10 for items 
referred to in (a) to (c) above 
(f) Handling of non-addressed items (g) Document exchange
11 
 
Sub-sectors (a), (d) and (e) are excluded when they fall into the scope of the 
services which may be reserved, which is: 
for items of correspondence the price of which is less than five times the public 
basic tariff, provided that they weigh less 
than 350 grams
12, plus the registered mail 
service used in the course of judicial or 
administrative procedures.  
C. Telecommunication Services 
All services consisting of the transmission 
and reception of signals by any electromagnetic means
13, excluding 
broadcasting14 (1) None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in 
horizontal commitments. (1) None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in 
horizontal commitments. Montenegro undertakes the obligations 
contained in the reference paper attached hereto for the following basic 
telecommunications services: 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
9 Journals, newspapers, periodicals. 
10 Express delivery services include the collection, transport, and delivery of documents, printed matter, parcels, goods or othe r items on an expedited basis, while 
tracking and maintaining control of these items throughout the supply of the service.  This commitment does not include maritim e transport services, or services to which the 
Annex on Air Transport Services applies. 
11 Provision of means, including the supply of ad hoc premises as  well as transportation by a third party, allowing self-delivery  by mutual exchange of postal items 
between users subscribing to this service.  Postal item refers to items handled by any type of commercial operator, whether pub lic or private. 
12 "Items of correspondence":  a communication in written form on any kind of physical medium to be conveyed and delivered at the  address indicated by the sender on 
the item itself or on its wrapping.  Books, catalogues, newspapers and periodicals are not regarded as items of correspondence.  
13 Sub-sectors 2.C.h) to 2.C.m) of the Serv ices Sectoral Classification List contained in MTN.GNS/W/120 (value-added services) an d Sub-sectors 2.C.a) to 2.C.g) of that 
List are included here.  Sub-sector 2.C.o) of that List is also included here to the extent that it falls under this definition .  For the purpose of this Schedule, sub-sector 2.C.n) of 
that List ('On-line information and/or data processing (including transaction processing)') is a computer and related service a nd, as such, is reflected in this Schedule of 
Commitments under 1.B. 
14 Broadcasting is defined as the uninterrupted chain of transmission required for the distribution of TV and radio programme sig nals to the general public, but does not 
cover contribution links between operators.  
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Telecommunications services do not cover 
the economic activity consisting of the 
provision of content which require telecommunications services for their 
transport. 
These services may be provided on a facilities basis or non-facilities basis, and 
encompass local, long-distance, or 
international services, for public or non-public use, and may be provided 
through any means of technology.   a)  Voice telephone services; 
b) Packet-switched data transmission 
services; 
c) Circuit-switched data transmission 
services; 
d) Telex services; 
e) Telegraph services; 
f) Facsimile services; 
g) Private leased circuit services; and 
Other. 
3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES 
A. General construction 
work for buildings 
(CPC 512) 
B. General construction 
work for civil engineering 
(CPC 513) 
C. Installation and assembly work  
(CPC 514, 516)  
D. Building completion and finishing 
work 
(CPC 517) 
E. Other: 
(CPC 511, 515, 518) (1) Unbound due to lack of technical 
feasibility. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound. 
 (2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 
 Sub-sectors below exclude trade in arms, muniti ons, war material and other military equipment. 
A. Commission agents' services 
(CPC 621, 61111, 6113, 6121) 
B. Wholesale trade services 
(CPC 622, CPC 61111,  6113, 6121) 
C. Retailing services 
(CPC 631, 632, 61112, 6113, 6121, 6122, 613) 
D. Franchising 
(CPC 8929) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3) None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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5. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES ( only privately funded services)  
A. Primary education services  
(CPC 921) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.   
 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  A private elementary school may be 
established only by a domestic 
natural or legal person. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
B. Secondary education services 
(CPC 922) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
C. Higher education services 
(CPC 923) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
D. Adult education 
(CPC 924) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
E. Other education services  
(CPC 929) 
 Training services (e.g. language 
training; driver's education; executive/management training; 
information technology training) and 
education testing services (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES  
A. Wastewater management  
(wastewater services corresponds to 
sewage services)  
(CPC 9401) 
B. Solid/Hazardous waste 
management 
 - Refuse disposal services 
 (CPC 9402)  
- Sanitation and similar services  (CPC 9403) (1) Unbound, except for advisory 
services where None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound except for advisory 
services where None. 
(2) None.  
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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C. Protection of ambient air and 
climate 
 - Cleaning services of exhaust 
gases 
(CPC 9404)    
D. Remediation and clean up of soil 
and waters 
 - Treatment, remediation of 
contaminated/polluted soil and water 
(part of CPC 9406) 
 Corresponds to parts of Nature and 
landscape protection services    
E. Noise and vibration abatement 
(CPC 9405) 
F. Protection of biodiversity and 
landscape 
 - Nature and landscape protection 
services 
(parts of CPC 9406 not covered under D)    
G. Other Environmental Services  
(CPC 9409) (1) Unbound, except for advisory 
services where None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound, except for advisory 
services where None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
- As a general rule and in a non-discriminatory manner, financia l institutions incorporated in Montenegro must adopt a specific  legal form15. 
- The admission to the market of new financial products may be su bject to existence of, and consistency with, a regulatory fram ework aimed at achie ving the objectives 
indicated in Article 2(a) of the Annex on Financial Services. 
A. All insurance and insurance - related services 
- Insurance company may not offer services of life and non-life insurance simultaneously.  Exceptionally insurance company prov iding life insurance services may provide 
non-life insurance such as insurance against accidents as well as voluntary health insurance to its  customers up to the level o f treatment costs. 
- Compulsory insurance can be provided only by insurance companies (including foreign insurance suppliers) licensed in Monteneg ro and State funds.  Compulsory 
insurance implies obligatory insurance of passengers in public tr ansportation against accidents and insurance of owners of moto r vehicles, aircrafts and maritime vessels 
for third party liability and collective insura nce of employees against industrial accide nts.  State funds provide compulsory p ension and health insurance.  Ten years after 
the date of accession, compulsory insurance of owners or users of maritime vessels for third party liability may also be suppli ed by insurance companies not licensed in 
Montenegro under the same conditions that applies to insurance companies licensed in Montenegro.  
(i) Direct insurance (including co-insurance)  
(A) Life insurance (1)  Unbound, except for provision of life 
insurance to foreign nationals where 
None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None, branching will be allowed as 
of January 2012 on a 
non-discriminatory basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
 
 
(2) None. (3) None, branching will be allowed as 
of January 2012 on a 
non-discriminatory basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
                                                      
15  - Foreign insurance companies are required to establish subsidiari es which must be incorporated as joint stock companies.  Bran ching will be allowed as of 
January 2012; 
 - Company for intermediation in insurance and agency for provision of other services may be established as a joint stock or li mited liability company; 
 - Foreign banks may establish subsidiaries , branch offices or representative offices in the territory of Montenegro.  Represen tative offices of foreign banks may 
provide only preparatory activities such as market  research and may not provide banking services; 
 - Broker and dealer companies, credit guara ntee funds investment funds and a stock exchange must be incorporated as joint stoc k companies; 
 - Micro finance institutions and legal entities  for provision of investment advisory services must be incorporated as limited liability companies or joint stock 
companies, Company for investment fund management company must be incorporated as a joint stock or limited liability company, w hile asset management 
company performing activity of managing and organizing voluntary pension funds must be established as a non-public joint stock company. 
  
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(B) Non-life insurance (1)  Unbound, except none for insuring 
property of foreign nationals as well 
as insurance of risks relating to maritime shipping and commercial 
aviation and space launching and 
freight (including satellites), with such insurance to c over any or all of 
the following:  the goods being 
transported, the vehicles transporting the goods and any liability arising 
therefrom, and goods in international 
transit. (1)  None.  
 
  
 
  
  
 (2)  None. 
(3)  None, branching will be allowed as 
of January 2012 on a non-discriminatory basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (2)  None. 
(3)  None, branching will be allowed as 
of January 2012 on a non-discriminatory basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(ii) Reinsurance and retrocession (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3) None, branching will be allowed as 
of January 2012 on a 
non-discriminatory basis. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2) None. (3) None, branching will be allowed as 
of January 2012 on a 
non-discriminatory basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(iii) Insurance intermediation, such as 
brokerage and agency (1)  Unbound, except none for provision 
of life insurance to foreign nationals, 
insuring property of foreign 
nationals, as well as insurance of risks relating to maritime shipping 
and commercial aviation and space 
launching and freight (including satellites), with such insurance to 
cover any or all of the following:  
the goods being transported, the vehicles transporting the goods and 
any liability arising therefrom, and 
goods in international transit. (1)  None.  
 
 
  
   
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 (2)  None. 
(3)  None, branching will be allowed as 
of January 2012 on a non-discriminatory basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (2)  None. 
(3)  None, branching will be allowed as 
of January 2012 on a non-discriminatory basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(iv) Services auxiliary  to insurance such 
as consultancy, actuarial, risk 
assessment and claim settlement services (1)  Unbound, except none for provision 
of life insurance to foreign nationals, 
insuring property of foreign nationals, as well as insurance  of 
risks relating to maritime shipping 
and commercial aviation and space launching and freight (including 
satellites), with such insurance to 
cover any or all of the following:  the goods being transported, the 
vehicles transporting the goods and 
any liability arising therefrom, and 
goods in international transit. (1)  None.  
 
  
 
  
  
 (2)  None. 
(3)  None, branching will be allowed as 
of January 2012 on a 
non-discriminatory basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (2)  None. 
(3)  None, branching will be allowed as 
of January 2012 on a 
non-discriminatory basis. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
B. Banking and other financial services 
One out of five members of the bank's management board and at least two executive directors must be familiar with the official language of Montenegro and be resident in 
Montenegro for the duration of the engagement. 
(v) Acceptance of deposits and other 
repayable funds from the public (1) None. 
(2)  None.  
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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(vi) Lending of all types, consumer 
credit, mortgage credit, factoring and 
financing of commercial transaction 
(vii) Financial leasing 
(viii) All payment and money transmission 
services including credit charge and debit cards, traveller's cheques and 
bankers drafts 
(ix) Guarantees and commitments (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(x) Trading for own account or for 
account of customers weather on an 
exchange market in an over-the-counter market or otherwise 
following: (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 (A) Money market instruments 
(cheques, bills, certificate of 
deposits, etc.); 
 (B) Foreign exchange; 
 (C) Derivative products (including, 
but not limited to, futures and options); 
 (D) Exchange rate and interest rate 
instruments, such as swaps and forward rate agreements; 
 (E) Transferable securities; and 
 (F) Other negotiable instruments 
and financial assets, such as bullion.    
(xi) Participation in issues of all kinds of 
securities, under-writing and placement as agent (whether publicly 
or privately) and provision of service 
related to such issues  
(xii) Money broking (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(xiii) Asset management, such as cash or 
portfolio management, all forms of collective investment management, 
pension fund management, custodial, 
depository and trust services (1) The establishment of a specialised 
management company is required to perform the activities of management 
of unit trusts and investment 
companies.  Only firms having their 
registered office in Montenegro can 
act as depositories of the assets of investment funds. (1)  None.  
  
 
 
  
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 (2) None. 
(3) The establishment of a specialised 
management company is required to perform the activities of management 
of unit trusts and investment 
companies.  Only firms having their registered office in Montenegro can 
act as depositories of the assets of 
investment funds. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
  
 
  
 
 (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
(xiv) Settlement and clearing services for 
financial assets:  securities, derivative 
products, and other negotiable 
instruments (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  This type of services may be 
provided by Central Depository of Securities only. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(xv) Provision and transfer of financial 
information, and financial data processing and related software by 
providers of other financial services  (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(xvi) Advisory, intermediation and other 
auxiliary financial services on all the 
activities listed in sub-paragraphs (v) through (xv), including credit 
reference and analysis, investment 
and portfolio research and advice, advice on acquisitions and on 
corporate restructuring and strategy. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
8. HEALTH RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES ( only privately funded services) 
A. Hospital services  
(CPC 9311) 
B. Other human health services  
(CPC 9319) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2) None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES
A. Hotels and restaurants (incl. 
catering) 
(CPC 641- 643) (excluding catering in transport 
services sector) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2) None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
B. Travel agencies and  tour 
operators services 
(CPC 7471) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
C. Tourist guide services  
(CPC 7472) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERVICES (other than audiovisual services)  
A. Cinema theatre operation services  
(CPC  96199 **) (1) Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.   
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  Unbound. 
(3)  None, except for access to subsidies: 
Unbound. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
B. News agency services 
(CPC 962) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3) None. (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3) None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
D. Sporting and other recreational 
activities, excluding gambling and 
betting services 
(part of  CPC 964) (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.   
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11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
A. Maritime Transport Services 
(a) Passenger transportation 
(CPC 7211) 
(b) Freight transportation 
(CPC 7212) except cabotage16 (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  (a) Establishment of a registered 
company for the purpose of 
operating a fleet under the 
Montenegrin flag: Unbound. 
 (b) Other forms of commercial 
presence for the supply of 
international maritime transport (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  (a) Unbound.  (b) None. The following services at the port are 
made available to international maritime 
transport suppliers on reasonable and no discriminatory terms and conditions: 
 
1. Pilotage; 2. Towing and tug assistance; 
3. Provisioning, fuelling and watering; 
4. Garbage collecting and ballast waste  
   services: None17. 
(4)  (a) Ship's crews: Unbound. 
 (b) Unbound, except as indicated in 
 the horizontal section.  
(4)  (a) Unbound. 
 (b) Unbound, except as indicated in 
 the horizontal section.  disposal; 
5. Port Captain's services; 
6. Navigation aids; 7. Shore-based operational services 
essential to ship operations, including 
communications, water and electrical supplies; 
8. Emergency repair facilities; and 
9. Anchorage, berth and berthing 
services. 
                                                      
16 Without prejudice to the scope of activities which may be considered as "cabotage" under the relevant national legislation, th is schedule does not include "maritime 
cabotage services", which are assumed to cover transportation of passengers or goods between a port located in Montenegro and a nother port located in Montenegro, traffic 
originating and terminating in the same port located in Montenegro provided that this traffic remains within Montenegro's terri torial waters, and transportation of passengers and 
goods between a port located in Montenegro and installations or structures situated on the continental shelf of Montenegro. 
17 "Other forms of commercial presence for the supply of intern ational maritime transport services" means the ability for interna tional maritime transport service 
suppliers of other Members to undertake locally all activities wh ich are necessary for the supply to their customers of a parti ally or fully integrated transport service, within which 
the maritime transport constitutes a substantial element.  (This commitment shall however not be  construed as limiting in any m anner the commitments undertaken under the 
cross-border mode of delivery).  These activities include, but are not limited to: 
- Marketing and sales of maritime transport and related services through direct contact with customers, from quotation to invoi cing, these services be ing those operated or 
offered by the service supplier itself or by service suppliers with which the service seller has established standing business arrangements; 
- The acquisition, on their own account or on be half or their customers (and the resale to their customers) of any transport an d related services, including inward transport 
services by any mode, particularly inland  waterways, road and rail, necessary for the supply of  the integrated services; 
- The preparation of documentation concerning transport documents, customs documents, or other documents related to the origin and character of the goods transported; 
- The provision of business information by any means, including computerised information systems and electronic data interchang e (subject to the provisions of the annex 
on telecommunications); 
- The setting up of any business arrangements (including particip ation in the stock of a company) and the appointment of person nel recruited locally (or, in the case of 
foreign personnel, subject to the horizontal commitment on movement of personnel) with any locally established shipping agency;  and 
- Acting on behalf of the companies, organising the call of the ship or taking over cargoes when required.  
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(c) Rental of vessels with crew 
(CPC 7213) (1)  None.  
(2)  None.  
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(d) Maintenance and repair of  vessels 
(CPC 8868**) (1) Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(e) Pushing and towing services 
(CPC 7214), except cabotage (1)  None.  
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
- Maritime cargo handling services18 (1)  Unbound except no limitation on 
transhipment (board to board or via 
the quay) or on the use of on-board 
cargo handling equipment. 
(2)  None. (3)  None
19. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) Unbound except no limitation on 
transhipment (board to board or via 
the quay) or on the use of on-board 
cargo handling equipment. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
- Storage and warehousing services 
(CPC 742) 
- Customs clearance services20 
- Container station and depot 
services21 (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None22. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound.- 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
                                                      
18 "Maritime cargo handling services" means activities exercised by stevedore companies, including terminal operators, but not in cluding the direct activities of dockers 
when this workforce is organised independently of the stevedor ing or terminal operator companies.  The activities covered inclu de the organisation and supervision of (a) the 
loading/discharging of cargo to/from a ship; (b) the lashing/unlashing of cargo; and (c) the reception/delivery and safekeeping  of cargoes before shipment or after discharge. 
19 Public utility concession or licensing procedures may apply in case of occupation of the public domain. 
20 "Customs clearance services" means activities consisting in carry ing out, on behalf of another party, customs formalities conc erning import, export or through 
transport of cargoes, whether this service is the main activity of the service provider or a usual complement of its main activ ity. 
21 "Container station and depot services" means activities consisting in storing containers, whether in port areas or inland, wit h a view to their stuffing/stripping, 
repairing and making them available for shipments. 
22 Public utility concession or licensing procedures may apply in case of occupation of the public domain.  
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- Maritime agency services23 
- Maritime freight forwarding 
services24 (1)  None.  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
C. Air Transport Services  
(d) Maintenance and repair of aircrafts 
(CPC 8868**) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2)  None. (3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(e) Supporting services for air transport 
 
- Selling and marketing of air transport 
services 
- Computer reservation system (CRS) (1)  None. 
 
  
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.   
 
 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None, except for distribution through 
CRS of air transport services 
provided by CRS parent carrier: Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None, except for distribution through 
CRS of air transport services 
provided by CRS parent carrier: 
Unbound. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
E. Rail Transport Services 
(b) Freight transportation 
(CPC 7112) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
                                                      
23 "Maritime agency services" means activities consisting in repres enting, within a given geographic area, as an agent the busine ss interests of one or more shipping lines 
or shipping companies, for the following purposes: (a) marketing and sales of maritime transport and related services, from quo tation to invoicing, and issu ance of bills of lading 
on behalf of the companies, acquisition and resale of the necessary related services, preparation of documentation, and provisi on of business information; and (b) acting on behalf 
of the companies organising the call of the ship or taking over cargoes when required. 
24 "Freight forwarding services" means (the activity consisting of organising and monitoring shipment operations on behalf of shi ppers, through the acquisition of 
transport and related services, pr eparation of documentation and provision of business information). 
  
  GATS/SC/146 
Page 28 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
(d) Maintenance and repair of rail 
transport equipment 
(CPC 8868**) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(e) Supporting services for railway 
transport 
(CPC 7430) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
F. Road Transport Services 
(a) Passenger  transportation 
(CPC 7121, 7122) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  Unbound, except for international 
transport. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  Unbound, except for international 
transport. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(b) Freight transportation 
(CPC 7123) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(c) Rental of commercial vehicles with 
operator 
(CPC 7124) 
(d) Maintenance and repair of road 
transport equipment                    
(CPC 6112, 8867) (1) None. 
(2) None. 
(3) None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1) None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(e) Supporting services for road transport 
services 
(CPC 744) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
G.  Pipeline Transport 
(a) Transportation of fuels 
 (CPC 7131) (b) Transportation of other goods 
 (CPC 7139) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  Unbound. (3)  Unbound. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  Unbound. (3)  Unbound.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  Montenegro commits itself to provide full 
transparency in the formulation, adoption and application of measures affecting 
access to and trade in services of pipeline 
transportation.  
   GATS/SC/146
 Page 29Modes of supply:  (1) Cross border supply  (2) Consumption abroad  (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or sub-Sector Limitations on market access Li mitations on national treatment Additional commitments 
   Montenegro  undertakes to ensure 
adherence to the principles of 
non-discriminatory treatment in access to and use of pipeline networks under its 
jurisdiction, within the technical 
capacities of these networks , with regard 
to the origin, destination or ownership of 
product transported, without imposing 
any unjustified delays, restrictions or charges, as well as without discriminatory 
pricing based on the differences in origin, 
destination or ownership. 
H. Services auxiliary to all modes of transport 
(a) Cargo handling services 
(CPC 741) 
(b) Storage and warehousing services 
(CPC 742) (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  Unbound. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None.  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
(c) Freight transport agency services 
(CPC 748) 
(d) Other supporting and auxiliary 
transport services (CPC 749) (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. (1)  None. 
(2)  None. 
(3)  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
 
 
 GATS/SC/146 
Page 30  
 
  ANNEX I 
 
Understanding on the Scope of Coverage of CPC 84 - Computer and Related Services 
1. CPC 84 covers all computer and related services. 
2. Technological developments have led to th e increased offering of these services as a bundle 
or package of related services that can include some or all of the basic functions listed in 
paragraph 3.   For example, services such as web or domain hosting, data mining services and grid computing each consist of a combination of basic computer services functions. 
3. Computer and related services, regardless of whether they are delivered via a network, 
including the Internet, include all services th at provide any of the following or any 
combination thereof: 
 - Consulting, adaptation, strategy, analysis, planning, specification, design, 
development, installation, implementation, integration, testing, debugging, updating, 
support, technical assistance, or management of or for computers or computer systems; 
 - Consulting, strategy, analysis, planning, specification, design, development, 
installation, implementation, integration,  testing, debugging, updating, adaptation, 
maintenance, support, technical assistance, management or use of or for software
25; 
 - Data processing, data storage, data hosting or database services;  - Maintenance and repair services for o ffice machinery and equipment, including 
computers; and 
 - Training services for staff of clients, related to software, computers or computer 
systems, and not elsewhere classified. 
4. In many cases, computer and related services enable the provision of other services
26 by both 
electronic and other means.  However, in such cases, there is an important distinction between 
the computer and related service (e.g., web-hos ting or application hosting) and the other 
service enabled by the computer and related service.  The other service, regardless of whether 
it is enabled by a computer and related service, is not covered by CPC 84.  
                                                      
25 The term "software" may be defined as the sets of instructions required to make computers work and 
communicate.  A number of different programmes may be developed for specific applications (application software), and the customer may have a choice of us ing ready-made programmes off the shelf (packaged 
software), developing specific programmes for partic ular requirements (customized software) or using a 
combination of the two. 
26 E.g.,W/120.1.A.b. (accounting, auditing and bookk eeping services), W/120.1.A.d. (architectural 
services), W/120.1.A.h. (medical and dental services), W/120.2.D (audiovisual services), W/120.5. (educational 
services).  GATS/SC/146 
 Page 31 
 
 
  ANNEX TO THE UNDERSTANDING ON THE SCOPE OF COVERAGE OF CPC 84 
COMPUTER AND RELATED SERVICES 
 
CPC Division 84 – Computer and Related Services 
841 Consultancy services related to the installation of computer hardware. 
8410 84100  Consultancy services related to the installation of computer hardware: 
 Assistance services to the clients in the in stallation of computer hardware (i.e. physical 
equipment) and computer networks. 
842 Software implementation services: 
 All services involving consultancy services on, de velopment and implementation of software.  
The term "software" may be defined as the sets of instructions required to make computers 
work and communicate.  A number of different  programmes may be developed for specific 
applications (application software), and the cu stomer may have a choice of using ready-made 
programmes off the shelf (packaged software), developing specific programmes for particular 
requirements (customized software) or using a combination of the two. 
8421 84210  Systems and software consulting services: 
 Services of a general nature prior to th e development of data processing systems and 
applications.  It might be management services, project planning services, etc. 
8422 84220  Systems analysis services: 
 Analysis services include analysis of the client s' needs, defining functional specification, and 
setting up the team.  Also involved are proj ect management, technical coordination and 
integration and definition of the systems architecture. 
8423 84230  Systems design services: 
 Design services include technical solutions, with respect to methodology, quality-assurance, 
choice of equipment software packages or new technologies, etc. 
8424 84240  Programming services: 
 Programming services include the implem entation phase, i.e. writing and debugging 
programmes, conducting tests,  and editing documentation. 
8425 84250  Systems maintenance services: 
 Maintenance services include consulting and technical assistance services of software 
products in use, rewriting or changing existing programmes or systems, and maintaining up-to-date software documentation and manua ls.  Also included are specialist work, 
e.g. conversions. GATS/SC/146 
Page 32  
 
  843 Data processing services. 
8431 84310  Input preparation services: 
 Data recording services such as key punching, optical scanning or other methods for data 
entry. 
8432 84320  Data-processing and tabulation services: 
 Services such as data processing and tabulation services, computer calculating services, and 
rental services of computer time. 
8433 84330  Time-sharing services: 
 This seems to be the same type of services as 84320.  Computer time only is bought; if it is 
bought from the customer's premises, telecommunications services are also bought.  
Data processing or tabulation services may also be bought from a service bureau.  In both 
cases the services might be time sharing processe d.  Thus, there is no clear distinction 
between 84320 and 84330. 
8439 84390  Other data processing services: 
 Services which manage the full operations of a customer's facilities under contract:  
computer-room environmental quality control services; management services of in-place 
computer equipment combinations; and management services of computer work flows and distributions. 
844 Database services. 
8440 84400  Database services: 
 All services provided from primarily structur ed databases through a communication network. 
 Exclusions:  Data and message transmis sion services (e.g. network operation services, 
value-added network services) are classified in class 7523 (Data and message transmission 
services). 
 Documentation services consisting in information retrieval from databases are classified in 
subclass 96311 (Library services). 
845 Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and equipment including computers. 
8450 84500 Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and equipment including 
computers: 
 Repair and maintenance services of office m achinery, computers and related equipment. 
849 Other computer services. 
8491 84910  Data preparation services: 
 Data preparation services for clients not involving data processing services.  GATS/SC/146 
 Page 33 
 
 
  8499 84990  Other computer services n.e.c.: 
 Other computer related services, not elsewhere classified, e.g. training services for staff of 
clients, and other professional computer services. GATS/SC/146 
Page 34  
 
  ANNEX II 
 
Reference Paper on the Postal and Courier Sector 
Scope 
The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for all postal and 
courier services.  
Definitions 
"Individual licence" is an authorisation, granted to an individual supplier by a regulatory 
authority, which is required before supplying a given service. 
"Universal service" is the permanent provision of a postal service of specified quality at all 
points in the territory of a Member at affordable prices for all users. 
1. Prevention of anti-competitive practices in the postal and courier sector 
Appropriate measures will be maintained or  introduced for the purpose of preventing 
suppliers who, alone or together, ha ve the ability to affect materially the terms of participation (having 
regard to price and supply) in the relevant markets for postal and courier service s as a result of use of 
their position in the market, from engaging in  or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
2. Universal service 
Any Member has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regard ed as anti-competitive per se, provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminator y and competitively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member. 
3. Individual licenses 
An individual licence may only be required for services which are within the scope of the 
universal service. 
Where an individual licence is required, the following will be made publicly available: 
(a) All the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence; and 
(b) The terms and conditions of individual licenses. 
The reasons for the denial of an individual licence will be made known to the applicant upon 
request and an appeal procedure through an indepe ndent body will be established.  Such a procedure 
will be transparent, non-discriminatory, and based on objective criteria.  
4. Independence of the regulatory body 
The regulatory body is legally separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of postal 
and courier services.  The decisions of and the procedures used by the regulatory body will be 
impartial with respect to all market participants.   GATS/SC/146 
 Page 35 
 
 
  REFERENCE PAPER 
 
Scope 
 The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services. 
Definitions 
 Users mean service consumers and service suppliers. 
 Essential facilities mean facilities of a public te lecommunications transport network or service 
that: 
 (a) Are exclusively or predominantly pr ovided by a single or limited number of 
suppliers; and 
 (b) Cannot feasibly be economically or tec hnically substituted in order to provide a 
service. 
 A major supplier is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of 
participation (having regard to price a nd supply) in relevant market for basic 
telecommunications services as a result of: 
 (a) Control over essential facilities; or 
 (b) Use of its position in the market.  1. Competitive safeguards 
1.1. Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications 
 Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone 
or together, are a major supplier from engaging  in or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
1.2. Safeguards 
 The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:  (a) Engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization; 
 (b) Using information obtained from compe titors with anti-competitive results; and 
 (c) Not making available to other services s uppliers on timely basis technical information 
about essential facilities and commercially re levant information which are necessary 
for them to provide services. 
2. Interconnection 
2.1. This section applies to linking with supplie rs, providing public telecommunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the user s of one supplier to communicate with users of 
another supplier and to access services provi ded by another supplier, where specific 
commitments are undertaken. GATS/SC/146 
Page 36  
 
  2.2. Interconnection to be ensured 
 Interconnection with a major supplier will be en sured at any technically feasible point in the 
network.  Such interconnection is provided. 
 (a) Under not-discriminatory terms, cond itions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no l ess favourable than that provided for its 
own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its 
subsidiaries or other affiliates; 
 (b) In a timely fashion, on terms, c onditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that ar e transparent, reasonable, having regard 
to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundl ed so that the supplier need not pay 
for network components or facilities that it does not require for the service to be 
provided; and 
 (c) Upon request, at points in addition to th e network termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary additional facilities. 
2.3. Public availability of the pro cedures for interconnection negotiations 
 The procedures applicable for interconnecti on to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available. 
2.4. Transparency of interconnection arrangements 
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make  publicly available either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer. 
2.5. Interconnection:  dispute settlement 
 A service supplier requesting interconnection with  a major supplier will have recourse, either: 
 (a) At any time; or 
 (b) After a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known to an 
independent domestic body, which may be a regulatory body as referred to in 
paragraph 5 below, to resolve disputes re garding appropriate terms, conditions and 
rates for interconnection within a reasonable period of time, to the extent that these 
have not been established previously. 
3. Universal services 
 Any Member has the right to define the ki nd of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regard ed as anti-competitive per se, provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discrimin atory and competitively neutral manner and are 
not more burdensome than necessary for the kind  of universal service defined by the Member. 
4. Public availability of licensing criteria 
 Where a licence is required, the followi ng will be made publicly available: 
 (a) All the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence; and 
 (b) the terms and conditio ns of individual licenses. 
 The reasons for the denial of a licence will be  made known to the applicant upon request.  GATS/SC/146 
 Page 37 
 
 
  5. Independent regulators 
 The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services.  The decisions of and the procedures used by regulators shall be 
impartial with respect to all market participants. 
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources 
 Any procedures for the allocation and use of s carce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in  an objective, timely, transparent and 
non-discriminatory manner.  The current state of allocated frequency bands will be made 
publicly available, but detailed identification of  frequencies allocated for specific Government 
uses is not required. 
 
 
__________