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Procedure : 2007/0019(COD)
 Document stages in plenary
Document selected : A6-0496/2007
Texts tabled :  
A6-0496/2007  
Debates :  
PV 16/12/2008 - 14 
CRE 16/12/2008 - 14 
Votes :  
PV 17/12/2008 - 5.5 
Explanations  of votes  
Explanations  of votes  
Explanations  of votes  
Texts adopted :  
P6_TA(2008)0613  
Texts adopted
Wednesday, 17 December  2008 - Strasbourg Provisional edition
Monitoring and  reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from 
fuels (road transport and  inland waterway vessels) ***IP6_TA -PROV(2008)0613 A6-0496/2007
Resolution
 
 Consolidated  text
 
 Annex
 
 Annex
 
 Annex
 
 Annex
 
 Annex
 European Parliament legislative resolution  of 17 December 2008 on the proposal for a 
directive of the European  Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 98/70/EC as 
regards  the specification of petrol, diesel and gas -oil and introducing a  mechanism to 
monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the  use of road transport fuels and 
amending Council Directive  1999/32/EC, as regards the specification of fuel used by 
inland  waterway vessels and repealing Directive 93/12/EEC ( COM(2007)0018  – C6-
0061/2007 – 2007/0019(COD) )
(Codecision procedure: first  reading)  
 
The European  Parliament  , 
–   having regard to the  Commission proposal to the European Parliament and the Council ( COM(2007)0018 ), 
–   having regard to Article 251(2) and Articles 95 and 175(1)of  the EC Treaty, pursuant to which the Commission 
submitted the  proposal to Parliament (C6 -0061/2007),  
–   having  regard to Rule 51 of its Rules of Procedure,  
–   having regard to the report of the Committee on the Environment,  Public Health and Food Safety and the 
opinions of the Committee on  Industry, Research and Energy and the Committee on Agriculture and  Rural 
Development ( A6-0496/2007 ), 
1.  Approves  the Commission proposal as amended;  
2.  Calls on the  Commission to refer the matter to Parliament again if it intends to  amend the proposal substantially 
or replace it with another  text;  
3.  Takes note of the statement of the  Commission annexed to this resolution.  Page 1 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of greenh ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20... 4.  Instructs  its President to forward its position to the Council and  Commission.  
 Position of the European Parliament  adopted at first reading on 17 December 2008 
with a view to the  adoption of Directive 2009/.../EC  of the European Parliament  and of 
the Council amending Directive 98/70/EC as regards the  specification of petrol, diesel 
and gas -oil and introducing a  mechanism to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas 
emissions and amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC, as regards the specification  of 
fuel used by inland waterway vessels and repealing Directive  93/12/EEC
P6_TC1 -COD(2007)0019
(Text with EEA relevance)  
 
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN  UNION,  
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European  Community, and in particular Article 95 thereof  and Article  
175(1) thereof in relation to Articles 1(5) and 2 of this  Directive  , 
Having regard to the proposal from  the Commission ,  
Having regard to the opinion of the European  Economic and Social Committee(1) , 
After  consulting  the Committee of the Regions,  
Acting in  accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the  Treaty(2) , 
Whereas:  
(1)  Directive  98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October  1998 relating to the quality of 
petrol and diesel fuels and amending  Council Directive 93/12/EEC(3) establishes minimum specifications for  petrol 
and diesel fuels for use in road and non -road mobile  applications for health and environmental  reasons.  
(2)   One of the objectives laid down in the sixth Community Environment  Action Programme  (4) is to achieve 
levels of air quality that do not give rise to significant  negative impacts on, or risks to, human health and the 
environment.  In its statement accompanying Directive 2008/50/EC of the European  Parliament and of the 
Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality  and cleaner air for Europe  (5) the Commission recognised the 
need to reduce emissions  of harmful air pollutants if significant progress were to be made  towards the 
objectives established in the 6th Community Environment  Action Programme and foresaw, in particular, 
new legislative  proposals that would further reduce Member States' permitted  national emissions of key 
pollutants, reduce emissions associated  with refuelling of petrol cars at service stations and address the  
sulfur content of fuels, including marine  fuels.  
(3)  The Community has  committed itself under the Kyoto Protocol to greenhouse gas  emission targets for the period  
2008 -12. Inland transport currently accounts for almost 20 % of  these emissions. The Community has also 
committed itself to a 30 % reduction in  greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 in the context of a global  
agreement and a 20 % reduction unilaterally  . All sectors will need to contribute to these  goals.  
(4)  One  aspect of greenhouse gas emissions from transport has been tackled  through the Community policy on 
CO2 and cars. Transport  fuel use makes a significant  contribution to overall Community greenhouse gas emissions.  
Monitoring and reducing fuel life cycle greenhouse gas emissions can  contribute to helping the Community meet its 
greenhouse gas  reduction goals through the decarbonisation of transport  fuel.  
(5)  The Community has adopted regulations  limiting pollutant emissions from Light and Heavy duty Road  Vehicles. 
The fuel specification is one of the factors that  influences the ease with which such emission limits can be  met.  
 
(6)  It is appropriate to clarify in which  Member States  a derogation from  the maximum summer petrol vapour  
pressure should be permitted,  while ensuring that this derogation is limited to those Member  States with low 
ambient summer temperatures. These are, in  principle, those Member States where the average temperature 
for a  majority of their territory is below 12 ºC for at least two of the  three months of June, July and August  . Page 2 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of greenh ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...(7)  Directive 97/68/EC of the  European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1997 on the  approximation 
of the laws of the Member States relating to measures  against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants 
from internal combustion engines to be installed in non -road mobile  machinery(6) , sets emission limits for engines 
used in  non-road mobile machinery. Fuel needs to be provided for the  operation of this machinery that enables the 
proper functioning of  these engines.  
(8)  The  combustion of road transport fuel is responsible for around 20% of  Community Greenhouse Gas emissions. 
One approach to reducing these  emissions is through reducing the life -cycle greenhouse gas  emissions of these 
fuels. This can be done in a number of ways. In  view of the Community's ambition to further reduce greenhouse gas  
emissions and the important role that road transport emissions play,  it is appropriate to establish  a mechanism 
requiring fuel  suppliers to report the life -cycle greenhouse gas emissions of the  fuel that they supply and to reduce 
them from 2011  onwards. The methodology for the calculation of  life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions from 
biofuels should be  identical to that established for the purposes of the Directive  2009/ …/EC of the European 
Parliament and of the Council of ... [on  the promotion of the use of energy from renewable  sources]  . 
 
(9)  Suppliers should gradually reduce life cycle greenhouse  gas emissions per unit of energy from fuel and 
energy supplied by up  to 10 % by 31 December 2020. This reduction should amount to at  least 6 % by 31 
December 2020, compared to the EU -average level  of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of 
energy from  fossil fuels in 2010, obtained through the use of biofuels,  alternative fuels and reductions in 
flaring and venting at  production sites. Subject to a review, it should comprise a further  2 % reduction 
obtained through the use of environmentally  friendly carbon capture and storage technologies and electric  
vehicles and an additional further 2 % reduction obtained  through the purchase of credits under the Clean 
Development  Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol. These further 2 % reductions  should not be binding on 
entry into force of the Directive. The  review should address their non binding  character.  
(10)  Biofuel production should be sustainable. Biofuels used  for compliance with the greenhouse gas 
reduction target set in this  Directive should therefore be required to fulfil sustainability  criteria. In order to 
ensure a coherent approach between energy and  environment policies, and to avoid the additional costs to 
business  and the environmental incoherence that would be associated with an  inconsistent approach, it is 
essential to provide the same  sustainability criteria for biofuels used for the purposes of this  Directive on 
the one hand and the purposes of Directive 2009/ …/EC [on the promotion of the use of energy from 
renewable sources] on  the other hand. Furthermore, the Commission and competent national  authorities 
should coordinate their activities within the framework  of a committee specifically responsible for 
sustainability aspects.  For the same reasons, double reporting should be avoided in this  context.  
(11)  In calculating the greenhouse gas impact of land  conversion, economic operators should be able to 
use actual values  for the carbon stocks associated with the reference land use and the  land use after 
conversion. They should also be able to use standard  values. The work of the Intergovernmental Panel on 
Climate Change is  the appropriate basis for this. That work is not currently expressed  in a form that is 
immediately usable by economic operators. The  Commission should therefore produce guidance drawing 
on this work to  serve as the basis for the calculation of carbon stock changes for  the purposes of this 
Directive, including as regards forested areas  with a canopy cover of between 10 to 30%, savannahs, 
scrublands and  prairies.  
(12)  In order to prevent unnecessary burdensome research by  economic operators and in order to prevent 
conversion of high carbon  stock land that with hindsight would prove to be not eligible for  producing raw 
materials for biofuels, those types of land whose  carbon stock loss upon conversion could not, within a 
reasonable  period taking into account the urgency of tackling climate change,  be compensated by the 
greenhouse gas savings of producing biofuels,  should not be converted for the production of biofuels. 
Inventories  of worldwide carbon stocks lead to the conclusion that wetlands and  continuously forested 
areas with canopy cover of more than 30%  should be included in this category. Forested areas with a 
canopy  cover between 10 and 30% should also be included, unless evidence is  provided that their carbon 
stock is low enough to justify their  conversion in accordance with the rules laid down in this Directive.  The 
reference to wetlands should take into account the definition  contained in the Ramsar Convention.  
(13)  It is appropriate for the Commission  to develop methodologies with a view to assessing the impact of 
the drainage of peatlands on greenhouse gas  emissions.  
(14)  The incentives provided for in this Directive for  biofuels, and the increasing worldwide demand for 
biofuels, should  not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of bio diverse  lands. Such exhaustible 
resources, recognised in various  international instruments to be of value to all mankind, should be  
preserved. Consumers in the Community, in addition, would find it  morally unacceptable that their 
increased use of biofuels could have  the effect of destroying bio diverse lands. For these reasons, it is  
necessary to provide sustainability criteria ensuring that biofuels  can only qualify for the incentives when it Page 3 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of greenh ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...can be guaranteed that  they do not originate in bio diverse areas (or, in the case of areas  designated for 
nature protection purposes or for the protection or  rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems or species, 
that the  production of the raw material does not interfere with those  purposes, through the provision of legal 
evidence by the relevant  competent authority). The sustainability criteria chosen consider  forest as bio 
diverse where it is a primary forest (following the  definition used by the Food and Agriculture Organisation 
of the  United Nations (FAO) in its Global Forest Resource Assessment, which  countries globally use to 
report on the extent of primary forest) or  where it is protected by national laws for nature protection  
purposes. Areas where collection of non wood forest products occurs  are included, provided the human 
impact is small. Other types of  forests as defined by the FAO, such as modified natural forests,  semi natural 
forests and plantations, should not be considered as  primary forests. Further, considering the highly 
biodiverse nature  of certain grasslands, both temperate and tropical, including highly  biodiverse savannahs, 
steppes, scrublands and prairies, it is also  appropriate that biofuels made from raw materials originating in  
such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by  this Directive. The Commission should 
establish appropriate criteria  and/or geographical ranges to define such highly biodiverse  grasslands in 
accordance with the best available scientific evidence  and relevant international norms.  
(15)  The incentives provided for in this  Directive will encourage increased production of biofuels and other  
bioliquids worldwide. Where biofuels and other bioliquids are made  from raw material produced within the 
Community, they should also  comply with Community environmental requirements for agriculture,  including 
requirements for the protection of the quality of  groundwater and surface water, and with social 
requirements.  However, there is a concern that production of biofuels and other  bioliquids in certain third 
countries might not respect minimum  environmental or social requirements. It is therefore appropriate to  
encourage the development of multilateral and bilateral agreements  and voluntary international or national 
schemes that cover key  environmental and social considerations, in order to promote the  production of 
biofuels and other bioliquids worldwide in a  sustainable manner. In the absence of such agreements or 
schemes,  Member States shall require economic operators to report on these  issues.  
(16)  When appropriate, the Commission should take due  account of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 
which contains useful  data for the conservation of at least those areas that provide basic  ecosystem 
services in critical situations such as watershed  protection and erosion control.  
(17)  Sustainability criteria will be  effective only if they lead to changes in the behaviour of market  actors. 
Market actors will change their behaviour only if biofuels  meeting these criteria command a price premium 
compared to those  that do not. According to the mass balance method of verifying  compliance, there is a 
physical link between the production of  biofuels meeting the sustainability criteria and the consumption of  
biofuels in the Community, providing an appropriate balance between  supply and demand and ensuring a 
price premium that is greater than  in systems where there is no such link. Therefore, to ensure that  biofuels 
meeting the sustainability criteria can be sold at a higher  price, maintaining the integrity of the system while 
at the same  time avoiding imposing an unreasonable burden on industry, the mass  balance system should 
be used to verify compliance. Other  verification methods should however be  reviewed.  
(18)  Global demand for agriculture commodities is growing. A  part of this increased demand will be met 
through an increase in the  amount of land devoted to agriculture. The restoration of land that  has been 
severely degraded or heavily contaminated and therefore  cannot be used, in its present state, for 
agricultural purposes is a  way of increasing the amount of land available for cultivation.  Because the 
promotion of biofuels will contribute to the growth in  demand for agricultural commodities, the 
sustainability scheme  should promote the use of restored degraded land. Even if biofuels  themselves are 
made using raw materials from land already in arable  use, the net increase in demand for crops caused by 
the promotion of  biofuels could lead to a net increase in the cropped area. This  could be into high carbon 
stock land, in which case there would be  damaging carbon stock losses. To alleviate this risk, it is  
appropriate to introduce accompanying measures to encourage an  increased rate of productivity increases 
on land already used for  crops; the use of degraded land; and the adoption of sustainability  requirements, 
comparable to those laid down in this Directive for EU  biofuel consumption, in other biofuel -consuming 
jurisdictions. The  Commission shall develop a concrete methodology to minimise  greenhouse gas 
emissions caused by indirect land use changes. In  doing this the Commission shall analyse, on the basis of 
best available scientific evidence, in particular, inter alia, the  inclusion of a factor for indirect land use 
changes in the  calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and the need to incentivise  sustainable biofuels 
which minimise the impacts of land use change  and improve biofuel sustainability with respect to indirect 
land use  change. In developing this methodology, the Commission should inter  alia address the potential 
indirect land use change effects of  biofuels produced from non -food cellulosic material and from  ligno -
cellulosic material.  
(19)  In the calculation of greenhouse gas  emissions from the production and use of fuels, co -products 
should  be accounted for. For policy analysis purposes the substitution  method is appropriate. For 
regulatory purposes concerning individual  operators and individual consignments of transport fuels, the  
substitution method is not appropriate. In these cases the energy  allocation method is the most appropriate 
method to use, because it  is easy to apply, predictable over time, minimises  counter -productive incentives 
and gives results that are generally  comparable with the range of results given by the substitution  method. Page 4 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of greenh ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...For policy analysis purposes the Commission should also, in  its reporting, give results using the 
substitution  method.  
(20)  In order to avoid a disproportionate administrative  burden, a list of default values should be laid down 
for common  biofuel production pathways and this should be updated and expanded  when further reliable 
data is available. Biofuels should always be  entitled to claim the level of greenhouse gas savings 
established by  this list. Where the default value for greenhouse gas savings from a  production pathway lies 
below the required minimum level of  greenhouse gas savings, producers wishing to demonstrate their  
compliance with this minimum level should be required to show that  actual emissions from their production 
process are lower than those  that were assumed in the calculation of the default  values.  
(21)  It is appropriate for the data used in the calculation  of these default values to be obtained from 
independent scientific  expert sources and updated as appropriate as these sources progress  their work. 
The Commission should encourage these sources to  address, in their updating work, emissions from 
cultivation; the  effect of regional and climatological conditions; the effects of  cultivation using sustainable 
agricultural and organic farming  methods; and the scientific contributions of producers both in third  
countries and within the Community and of civil  society.  
(22)  In order to avoid encouraging the cultivation of raw  materials for biofuels in places where this would 
lead to high  greenhouse gas emissions, the use of default values for cultivation  should be limited to regions 
where such an effect can reliably be  ruled out. However, to avoid a disproportionate administrative  burden, 
it is appropriate for Member States to establish national or  regional averages for emissions from cultivation, 
including from  fertiliser use.  
(23)  Since the measures provided for in Articles 7b to 7e of  this Directive have also an effect on the 
functioning of the  internal market by harmonising the conditions of sustainability that  biofuels must meet 
for the target accounting purposes under this  Directive and thus facilitate, in accordance with Article 7b(8) 
of this Directive, the trade between Member States in biofuels which  comply with these conditions, they are 
based on Article 95 of the  Treaty.  
(24)  Continuing technical progress  in the fields of automotive and fuel technology coupled with the  continuing 
desire to ensure that the level of environmental and  health protection is optimised necessitate periodic review of the  
fuel specifications based upon further studies and analyses of the  impact of additives and biofuels component on 
pollutant emissions.  Therefore, the possibility of facilitating the decarbonisation of  transport fuels should be regularly 
reported upon.  
(25)  Detergent use can contribute to  keeping engines clean and thereby reducing pollutant emissions. At  present no 
satisfactory way of testing fuel samples for their  detergency properties has been established. Therefore the  
responsibility for informing their customers of the benefits of  detergents and their use rests with suppliers of fuel and 
vehicles.  Nevertheless, the Commission should review whether further  developments enable a better approach to 
optimising the use and  benefit from detergents.  
(26)  The details concerning the  blending of ethanol into petrol, in particular the limits on vapour  pressure and 
possible alternatives for ensuring that ethanol blends  do not exceed acceptable vapour pressure limits, should be 
reviewed  on the basis of experience on the application of Directive  98/70/EC.  
(27)   Blending ethanol into petrol increases the  vapour pressure of the resulting fuel while the vapour pressure for  
petrol blends has to be controlled to limit air pollutant  emissions.  
(28)  Blending  ethanol in petrol results in a non -linear change of the vapour  pressure of the resulting fuel mixture. It 
is appropriate to provide for the possibility of a  derogation from the maximum summer  vapour pressure  for 
such mixtures after an  appropriate assessment by the Commission. A derogation should be  conditional on 
compliance with Community legislation on air quality  and air pollution. Such a derogation should 
correspond  to the actual increase in vapour pressure that results from adding a  given percentage of ethanol to 
petrol.  
(29)  In order to encourage the use of  low-carbon fuels while respecting air pollution targets, petrol  refiners should 
ideally make available low vapour pressure petrol in  the volumes required. As this is not for the moment the case, 
the vapour pressure limit for ethanol blends is increased , subject to certain  conditions,  in order to allow the 
biofuels market to  develop.  
(30)  Some older vehicles are not warranted to use petrol  with a high biofuel content. These vehicles may 
travel from one  Member State to another. It is therefore appropriate to ensure the  continued supply of petrol 
suitable for these older vehicles for a  transitional period. Member States should ensure an appropriate  
geographical coverage reflecting the demand for such petrol in  consultation with stakeholders. The marking Page 5 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of greenh ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...of petrol, for example  as E5 or E10, should be consistent with the relevant standard drawn  up by the 
European Committee for Standardization  (CEN).  
(31)  It is appropriate to adapt Annex IV to Directive  98/70/EC to enable the placing on the market of diesel 
fuels with a  higher biofuel content than envisaged in standard EN 590:2004  ("B7"). This standard would 
need to be updated accordingly and also  to establish limits for technical parameters not included in the  
Annex, such as oxidation stability, flash point, carbon residue, ash  content, water content, total 
contamination, copper strip corrosion,  lubricity, kinematic viscosity, cloud point, cold filter plugging  point, 
phosphorus content, acid index, peroxides, acid index  variation, injector fouling and additivation for  
stability.  
(32)  In order to facilitate the effective marketing of  biofuels, CEN is encouraged to continue working rapidly 
on a standard allowing the blending of higher levels of biofuel  components into diesel and, in particular, to 
develop a standard for  "B10".  
(33)  A limit for the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content  of diesel is required for technical reasons. 
However, such a limit  is not required for other biofuel components, such as pure  diesel -like hydrocarbons 
made from biomass using the Fischer Tropsch  process or hydro -treated vegetable oil.  
(34)  Member States and the Commission  should take appropriate steps to facilitate the placing on the  
market of gasoil containing 10 ppm sulfur earlier than 1 January  2011.  
(35)  It has been claimed that the use of specific metallic  additives, and in particular the use of 
Methylcyclopentadienyl  manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), raises the risk of damage to human  health and 
causes damage to vehicle engines and emission control  equipment. Many vehicle manufacturers advise 
against the use of fuel  containing metallic additives and the use of such fuel may  invalidate vehicle 
warranties. It is therefore appropriate to keep  under constant review the effects of the use of the metallic  
additive MMT in fuel in consultation with all relevant stakeholders.  Pending further review it is necessary to 
take steps to limit the  severity of any damage that may be caused. It is therefore  appropriate to set an upper 
limit on the use of MMT in fuel, based  upon currently available scientific knowledge. This limit can be  
revised upwards only if the use of higher dosage rates can be  demonstrated not to cause adverse effects. 
To avoid consumers  unknowingly invalidating their vehicles' warranties, it is also  necessary to require the 
labelling of any fuel that contains  metallic additives.  
(36)  In accordance with paragraph 34 of the  Interinstitutional agreement on better law making, Member 
States are  encouraged to draw up, for themselves and in the interests of the  Community, their own tables, 
which will, as far as possible,  illustrate the correlation between this Directive and the  transposition 
measures and to make those tables  public.  
(37)  The measures necessary for the implementation  of Directive 98/70/EC should  be adopted in accordance 
with Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the  procedures for the exercise of implementing 
powers conferred on the  Commission(7) . 
 
(38)  In particular  , power should be conferred on  the Commission to adopt  implementing measures concerning 
the mechanism to monitor and reduce  greenhouse gas emissions, to adapt the methodological principles 
and values necessary for assessing whether sustainability criteria have  been fulfilled in relation to biofuels, 
to revise the limit for the  MMT content of fuel and to adapt to technical and scientific  progress  the 
methodology for the calculation of  lifecycle  greenhouse gas emissions , the permitted analytical methods related 
to the fuel specifications and  the vapour pressure waiver permitted for petrol containing  bioethanol. Since 
those measures are of general scope  and are designed to amend  non -essential elements of  this Directive by the 
adaptation of the methodological  principles and values  , they must  be adopted in line with the regulatory 
procedure with  scrutiny provided for in Article 5a of Decision  1999/468/EC.  
(39)   Directive 98/70/EC provides for a number of  fuel specifications some of which are now redundant. In addition, 
it details a number of derogations that have expired. For reasons of  clarity it is therefore appropriate to delete these  
elements.  
 
(40)  Directive 1999/32/EC of the  Council of 26 April 1999 relating to a reduction in the sulfur  content of certain liquid 
fuels and  amending Council Directive 93/12/EEC(8) lays down some aspects  of fuel use in inland waterway 
transport. The delimitation between  that Directive and Directive 98/70/EC requires clarification. Both  Directives Page 6 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of greenh ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...establish limits for the maximum sulfur  content of gas -oil used in inland  waterway vessels. In the interest of clarity 
and legal certainty, it  is therefore, appropriate to adjust those Directives, so that only  one act lays down this limit.  
(41)  New, cleaner engine technologies have been developed  for inland waterway vessels. These engines 
can only be fuelled with  very low -sulfur fuel. The sulfur content of inland waterway vessel  fuels should be 
reduced as soon as  possible.  
(42)  Directive 98/70/EC and Directive  99/32/EC should therefore be amended accordingly.  
(43)  Council Directive 93/12/EEC of  23 March 1993 relating to the sulfur content of certain liquid  fuels(9) has been 
extensively amended over time and as a result no longer  retains any elements of substance. It should therefore be 
repealed.   
(44)  Since the  objectives of ensuring a single market for fuel for road transport  and non -road mobile machinery and 
ensuring respect of minimal levels  of environmental protection from use of this fuel cannot be  sufficiently achieved 
by the Member States and can therefore, by  reason of ensuring a single market for these fuels and facilitating  one 
for the vehicles and machinery using them, be better achieved at  Community level, the Community may adopt 
measures, in accordance  with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the  Treaty. In accordance with the 
principle of proportionality, as set  out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is  necessary in order to 
achieve those objectives,  
HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:  
Article  1 
Amendments to Directive 98/70/EC  
Directive 98/70/EC is  hereby  amended as  follows:  
1)  Article 1 shall be replaced by the  following:  
" 
"Article 1  
Scope  
" 
2)  Article 2  shall be amended as  follows:  This Directive sets, in respect of road vehicles, and non road  mobile machinery (including inland waterway 
vessels when not  at sea), agricultural and forestry tractors, and recreational  craft when not at  sea:  
  a)(a) technical specifications on  health and environmental grounds for fuels to be used with  positive 
ignition and compression -ignition engines, taking  account of the technical requirements of those 
engines; and  
  b)(b) a target for the reduction of life cycle  greenhouse gas  emissions.".
  (a)In the first  paragraph:
  i)(i) point 3 shall be replaced by  the following:  " 
"  3."3. "gas oils intended for use by non -road  mobile machinery (including inland waterway 
vessels),  agricultural and forestry tractors, and recreational  craft' means any petroleum -
derived liquid, falling  within CN codes 2710 19 41 and 2710 19 45  * , intended for use  in 
compression ignition engines referred to in  Directives 97/68/EC  ** , 2000/25/EC)  *** and 
94/25/EC  **** ;  
__________________  
* The numbering of these CN codes as  specified in the CCT, as last amended by Commission  
Regulation (EC) No 360/2008 (OJ L 111, 23.4.2008, p.  9).  
** OJ L 59, 27.2.1998, p.1.   
*** OJ L 173, 12.7.2000, p.1.   
**** OJ L 164, 30.6.1994, p.  15."Page 7 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of greenh ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...3)  Article 3 shall be amended as  follows:  
(b)  Paragraph 7 shall be deleted.  
4)  Article 4 shall be replaced by the following:  
" 
"Article  4   ii)(ii) the following points 5, 6,  7, 8 and 9 shall be added:  " 
5.  "5. "Member States with low ambient summer temperatures' means  Denmark, Estonia, Finland, 
Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden  and the United Kingdom;  
"  6.6. "life cycle greenhouse gas emissions'  means all net emissions of CO  2 , CH 4 and N  2 O 
that can be assigned to  the fuel (including any blended components) or energy  supplied. This 
includes all relevant stages from  extraction or cultivation, including land -use changes,  
transport and distribution, processing and combustion,  irrespective of where those 
emissions  occur;
  7.7. "greenhouse gas  emissions per unit of energy' means the total mass of  CO 2 equivalent 
greenhouse gas emissions  associated with the fuel or energy supplied, divided by  the total 
energy content of the fuel or energy supplied  (for fuel, expressed as its low heating  value);
  8.8. "supplier' means the  entity responsible for passing fuel through an excise  duty point or, if 
no excise is due, any other relevant  entity designated by a Member  State;
  9.9. "biofuels' has the same  meaning as in Directive 2009/ …/EC of the European  Parliament and 
of the Council of ... [on the promotion  of the use of energy from renewable  sources]*  . 
__________________   
* OJ ..."
  (b)The second paragraph shall be  deleted.
  (a)Paragraphs 2 to 6 shall be  replaced by the following:  " 
2.  "2. Member  States shall ensure that petrol can be marketed within their  territory only if it complies 
with the environmental  specifications set out in Annex I.   
However, Member States may, for  the outermost regions, make specific provisions for the  
introduction of petrol with a maximum sulfur content of 10  mg/kg. Member States making use of this 
provision shall inform  the Commission accordingly.   
3.   Member States shall require  suppliers to ensure the placing on the market of petrol with a  
maximum oxygen content of 2,7 % and a maximum ethanol  content of 5 % until 2013 and may 
require the placing on  the market of such petrol for a longer period if they consider  it necessary. 
They shall ensure the provision of appropriate  information to consumers concerning the biofuel 
content of  petrol and, in particular, on the appropriate use of different  blends of petrol.   
4.   Member States with low ambient  summer temperatures may, subject to paragraph 5, permit the  
placing on the market during the summer period of petrol with  a maximum vapour pressure of 70 
kPa.  
Member States where the  derogation referred to in the first subparagraph is not  applied may, subject 
to paragraph 5, permit the placing on the  market during the summer period of petrol containing 
ethanol  with a maximum vapour pressure of 60 kPa and in addition the  permitted vapour pressure 
waiver specified in Annex III, on  condition that the ethanol used is a biofuel.   
5.   Where Member States wish to  apply either of the derogations provided for in paragraph 4,  they 
shall notify the Commission and provide all relevant  information. The Commission shall assess the 
desirability and  duration of the derogation, taking account of  both:  
   a)(a) the avoidance of socioeconomic problems  resulting from higher vapour pressure, 
including  time -limited technical adaptation needs;  and
  b)(b) the environmental or  health consequences of the higher vapour pressure and,  in 
particular, the impact on compliance with Community  legislation on air quality, both in the 
Member State  concerned and other Member  States.
If the Commission's assessment  shows that the derogation will result in a lack of compliance  with 
Community legislation on air quality or air pollution,  including the relevant limit values and 
emissions ceilings,  the application shall be rejected. The Commission should also  take account of 
relevant target values.   
Where the Commission  has raised no objections within six months of receipt of all  relevant 
information, the Member State concerned may apply the  requested derogation.   
6.   Notwithstanding  paragraph 1, Member States may continue to permit the  marketing of small quantities of 
leaded petrol with a lead  content not exceeding 0,15 g/l to a maximum of  0,03 % of total  sales to be used by 
old vehicles of a characteristic nature  and to be distributed through special interest  groups.""Page 8 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of greenh ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...Diesel  fuel  
1.   Member States shall ensure that diesel fuel may be  placed on the market in their territory only if it 
complies with the  specifications set out in Annex II.  
Member States may permit the placing  on the market of diesel with a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)  content 
greater than 7 %  . 
Member States shall ensure the  provision of appropriate information to consumers concerning the  biofuel 
content of diesel fuel, in particular FAME  . 
2.   Member States shall ensure that, no later than from 1  January 2008, gas oils intended for use by non -
road mobile machinery  (including inland waterway vessels), agricultural and forestry  tractors and 
recreational craft may be marketed within their  territory only if the sulfur content of those gas oils does not  
exceed 1000 mg/kg. From 1 January 2011, the maximum permissible  sulfur content of those gas oils shall 
be 10 mg/kg. Member States  shall ensure that liquid fuels other than those gas oils may be used  in inland 
waterway vessels and recreational craft only if the sulfur  content of those liquid fuels does not exceed the 
maximum  permissible content of those gas oils.  
However, in order to accommodate minor  contamination in the supply chain, Member States may, from 1 
January  2011, permit gas oil intended for use by non -road mobile machinery  (including inland waterway 
vessels), agricultural and forestry  tractors and recreational craft to contain up to 20 mg/kg of sulfur  at the 
point of final distribution to end users. Member States may  also permit the continued placing on the market 
until 31 December  2011 of gas oil containing up to 1000 mg/kg sulfur for rail vehicles  and agricultural and 
forestry tractors, provided that they can  ensure that the proper functioning of emissions control systems 
will not be compromised.  
3.   Member States may, for the outermost regions, make  specific provision for the introduction of diesel 
fuel and gas oils  with a maximum sulfur content of 10 mg/kg. Member States making  use of this provision 
shall inform the Commission  accordingly.  
4.   For Member States with severe winter weather, the maximum distillation  point of 65 % at 250 ºC for 
diesel fuels and gas oils may be  replaced by a maximum distillation point of 10 % (vol/vol) at 180  ºC." 
" 
 
5)  The following Article  7a shall be  inserted:  
" 
Article  7a 
Greenhouse gas emission reductions  
1.   Member States shall designate the supplier or suppliers  responsible for monitoring and reporting life 
cycle greenhouse gas  emissions per unit of energy from fuel and energy supplied. In the  case of providers 
of electricity for use in road vehicles, Member  States shall ensure that such providers may choose to 
become a  contributor to the reduction obligation laid down in paragraph 2 if  they can demonstrate that they 
can adequately measure and monitor  electricity supplied for use in those  vehicles.  
Member States shall ensure that  reports are subject to verification.  
The Commission shall, where  appropriate, establish guidelines for the implementation of this  paragraph.  With effect  from 1 January 2011, suppliers shall report annually on the  greenhouse gas intensity of fuels 
and energy supplied within  each Member State to the authority designated by the Member  State by 
providing, as a minimum, the following  information:  
  a) (a) the total volume of each type of  fuel or energy supplied, indicating where purchased and its  
origin; and
  b) (b) life cycle greenhouse gas  emissions per unit of  energy.Page 9 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of greenh ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...2.   Member States shall require suppliers to reduce as  gradually as possible life cycle greenhouse gas 
emissions per unit  of energy from fuel and energy supplied by up to 10 % by 31  December 2020, compared 
with the fuel baseline standard referred to  in paragraph 5(b). This reduction shall consist  of: 
(a)   6 % by 31 December 2020. Member States may require  suppliers, for this reduction, to comply with the 
following  intermediate targets: 2 % by 31 December 2014 and 4 % by  31 December  2017;  
3.   Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels shall  be calculated in accordance with Article 7d. 
Lifecycle greenhouse  gas emissions from other fuels and energy shall be calculated using  a methodology 
laid down in accordance with paragraph  5. 
4.   Member States shall ensure that a group of suppliers  may choose to meet the reduction obligations 
pursuant to paragraph 2  jointly. In such case they shall be considered as a single supplier  for the purposes 
of paragraph 2.  
5.   Measures necessary for the implementation of this  Article, designed to amend non essential elements of 
this Directive  by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the  regulatory procedure with 
scrutiny referred to in Article 11(4).  Such measures include, in  particular:  
" 
6)  The following Articles 7b, 7c, 7d and  7e shall be inserted:  
Article 7b  
Sustainability criteria for  biofuels  
1.   Irrespective of whether the raw materials were  cultivated inside or outside the territory of the 
Community, energy  from biofuels shall be taken into account for the purposes of  Article 7a only if they fulfil 
the sustainability criteria set out  in paragraphs 2 to 6  . 
However, biofuels produced from waste and residues,  other than agricultural, aquaculture, fisheries and 
forestry  residues, need only fulfil the sustainability criterion set out in  paragraph 2 in order to be taken into 
account for the purposes of  Article 7a.  
2.   The greenhouse gas emission saving from the use of biofuels taken into  account for the purposes 
referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article  shall be 35 %  . 
With effect from 2017, the greenhouse gas emission  saving from the use of biofuels taken into account for 
the purposes  referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be 50 %. After  2017 it shall be 60 % for biofuels   b)(b) an indicative additional target  of 2 % by 31 December 2020, subject to Article 9(1)(h),  to be 
achieved through one or both of the following  methods:  
  i) (i) the supply of energy for  transport supplied for use in any type of road vehicle,  non -road 
mobile machinery (including inland waterway  vessels), agricultural or forestry tractor or  
recreational  craft;
  ii) (ii) the use of any technology  (including carbon capture and storage) capable of  reducing life 
cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of  energy from fuel or energy  supplied;
  c)(c) an indicative additional target  of 2 % by 31 December 2020, subject to Article 9(1)(i),  to be 
achieved through the use of credits purchased through  the Clean Development Mechanism of the 
Kyoto Protocol, under  the conditions set out in Directive 2003/87/EC of the European  Parliament and 
of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing  a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance 
trading within  the Community*, for reductions in the fuel supply  sector.
  a)(a) the methodology for the  calculation of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from fuels  other than 
biofuels and from  energy;
  b)(b) the methodology specifying,  before 1 January 2011, the fuel baseline standard based on the  life 
cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy from  fossil fuels in 2010 for the purposes of 
paragraph  2;
  c)(c) any necessary rules to give  effect to paragraph  4;
  d)(d) the methodology to calculate the  contribution of electric road vehicles, which shall be  compatible 
with Article 3(3) of Directive 2009/ …/EC [on  the promotion of renewable energy sources]  . 
__________________  
* OJ L 275, 25.10.2003, p.  32.Page 10 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...produced in installations whose  production has started from 2017 onwards.  
The greenhouse gas emission saving  from the use of biofuels shall be calculated as provided for in  Article 
7d(1).  
In the case of biofuels produced by installations that  were in operation in January 2008, the first 
subparagraph shall  apply from 1 April 2013.  
3.   Biofuels taken into account for the purposes referred  to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be made 
from raw  material obtained from land with high biodiversity value, that is to  say land that had one of the 
following statuses in or after January  2008, whether or not the land still has this  status:  
The Commission shall establish the  criteria and geographic ranges to determine which grassland shall be  
covered by point (c) of the first subparagraph. Such a measure  designed to amend non -essential elements 
of this Directive, by  supplementing it shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory  procedure with 
scrutiny referred to in  Article 11(4).  
4.   Biofuels taken into account for the purposes referred  to in paragraph 1 shall not be made from raw 
material obtained from  land with high carbon stock, that is to say land that had one of the  following statuses 
in January 2008 and no longer has this  status:  
The provisions in this paragraph shall  not apply if at the time the raw material was obtained, the land had  
the same status as it had in January 2008.  
5 .  Biofuels taken into account for the  purposes referred to in paragraph 1 shall not be made from raw  
material obtained from land that was peatland in January 2008,  unless it is proven that the cultivation and 
harvesting of this raw  material does not involve drainage of previously undrained  soil.  
6 .  Agricultural raw materials cultivated in the Community  and used for the production of biofuels taken into 
account for the  purposes referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be  obtained in accordance with the 
requirements and standards under the  provisions referred to under the heading "Environment" in Part A of  
Annex III to Council Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 and in point 9 of  Annex III to that Regulation and in 
accordance with the minimum  requirements for good agricultural and environmental condition  defined 
pursuant to Article 5(1) of that  Regulation.  
7 .  The Commission shall report every two years to the  European Parliament and the Council, in respect 
both of third  countries and Member States that are a significant source of  biofuels or of raw material for   a)(a) primary forest and other wooded  land, that is to say forest and other wooded land of native  
species, where there are no clearly visible indications of  human activities and the ecological 
processes are not  significantly  disturbed;
  b)(b) (i) areas designated by law or by  the relevant competent authority for nature protection  purposes; 
or
  ii)(ii) areas for the protection of  rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems or species  recognised by 
international agreements or included in lists  drawn up by intergovernmental organisations or the  
International Union for the Conservation of Nature, subject to  their recognition in accordance with 
the second subparagraph  of Article 7c(4);   
unless evidence is provided that the production  of that raw material did not interfere with those 
nature  protection  purposes;
  c)(c) (i) highly biodiverse natural  grassland, that is to say grassland that would remain  grassland in the 
absence of human intervention and which  maintains the natural species composition and ecological  
characteristics and processes;  or
  ii)(ii) highly biodiverse non natural  grassland, that is to say grassland that would cease to be  
grassland in the absence of human intervention and which is  species -rich and not degraded, unless 
evidence is provided  that the harvesting of the raw material is necessary to  preserve its grassland  
status.
  a)(a) wetlands, that is to say land  that is covered with or saturated by water permanently or for  a 
significant part of the  year;
  b)(b) continuously forested areas,  that is to say land spanning more than 1 hectare with trees  higher 
than 5 metres and a canopy cover of more than  30 %, or trees able to reach these thresholds in  situ;
  c)(c) land spanning more than 1  hectare with trees higher than 5 metres and a canopy cover of  
between 10 % and 30 %, or trees able to reach these  thresholds in situ, unless reliable evidence is 
provided that  the carbon stock of the area before and after conversion is  such that, when the 
methodology laid down in Annex IV.C is  applied, the conditions laid down in paragraph 2 would be  
fulfilled.Page 11 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...biofuels consumed within the  Community, on national measures taken to respect the sustainability  criteria 
set out in paragraphs 2 to 4 and for soil, water and air  protection. The first report shall be submitted in  2012.  
The first report shall be submitted in  2012. The Commission shall, if appropriate, propose corrective  action, 
in particular if evidence shows that biofuel production has  a significant impact on food prices.  
8 .  Member States shall not refuse to take  into account, for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1, biofuels  
obtained in compliance with this Article, on other grounds of  sustainability.  
Article 7c  
Verification of compliance with the sustainability  criteria for biofuels  
1.   Where biofuels are to be taken into account for the  purposes of Article 7a, Member States shall require 
economic  operators to show that the sustainability criteria set out in  Article 7b(2) to (5) have been fulfilled. 
For this purpose they  shall require economic operators to use a mass balance system  providing for the  
following:  
2.   The Commission shall report to the European Parliament  and the Council in 2010 and 2012 on the 
operation of the mass  balance verification method described in paragraph 1 and on the  potential to allow for 
other verification methods in relation to  some or all types of raw material or biofuels. In its assessment the  
Commission shall consider those verification methods in which  information about sustainability 
characteristics need not remain  physically assigned to particular consignments or mixtures. The  
assessment shall take into account the need to maintain the  integrity and effectiveness of the verification 
system while  avoiding imposing an unreasonable burden on industry. The report  shall be accompanied, 
where appropriate, by proposals on allowing  other verification methods, to the European Parliament and the  
Council.  
3.   Member States shall take measures to ensure that  economic operators submit reliable information and 
to make available  to the Member State, on request, the data that were used to develop  the information. 
Member States shall require economic operators to  arrange for an adequate standard of independent The Commission shall report every two years to the European  Parliament and the Council on the impact on 
social  sustainability in the Community and in third countries of  increased demand for biofuel, and on the 
impact of EU biofuel  policy on the availability of foodstuffs at affordable prices,  in particular for people 
living in developing countries, and  wider development issues. Reports shall address the respect of  land 
use rights. They shall state, both for third countries  and Member States that are a significant source of raw  
material for biofuel consumed within the Community, whether  the country has ratified and implemented 
each of the following  Conventions of the International Labour  Organisation:  
  -Convention concerning Forced or  Compulsory Labour (No  29);
  -Convention concerning Freedom of  Association and Protection of the Right to Organise (No  87);
  -Convention concerning the  Application of the Principles of the Right to Organise and to  Bargain 
Collectively (No  98);
  -Convention concerning Equal  Remuneration of Men and Women Workers for Work of Equal Value  
(No 100);
  -Convention concerning the  Abolition of Forced Labour (No  105);
  -Convention concerning  Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation (No  111);
  -Convention concerning Minimum  Age for Admission to Employment (No  138);
  -Convention concerning the  Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the  Worst 
Forms of Child Labour (No  182);
Those reports  shall state, both for third countries and Member States that  are a significant source of raw 
material for biofuel consumed  within the Community, whether the country has ratified and  implemented:  
  - the Carthagena protocol on  biosafety;
  - the Convention on International  Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and  Flora.
  a)(a) consignments of raw material or  biofuel with differing sustainability characteristics can be  mixed;
  b)(b) information about the  sustainability characteristics and sizes of the consignments  referred to in 
point (a) remains assigned to the mixture; and  
  c)(c) it is ensured that the sum of all consignments  withdrawn from the mixture is described as having 
the same  sustainability characteristics, in the same quantities, as the  sum of all consignments 
added to the  mixture.Page 12 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...auditing of the  information they submit, and to provide evidence that this has been  done. The auditing shall 
verify that the systems used by economic  operators are accurate, reliable and fraud -resistant. It shall  
evaluate the frequency and methodology of sampling and the  robustness of the data.  
The information referred to in the first subparagraph  of this paragraph shall include in particular information 
on compliance with the sustainability criteria set out in Article 7b(2)  to (5), appropriate and relevant 
information on measures taken for  soil, water and air protection, the restoration of degraded land,  the 
avoidance of excessive water consumption in areas where water is  scarce and appropriate and relevant 
information concerning measures  taken in order to take into account the issues referred to in the  second 
subparagraph of Article 7b(7).  
The Commission shall establish the  list of appropriate and relevant information referred to in the  first two 
subparagraphs of this paragraph that Member States shall  request from economic operators, in accordance 
with the advisory  procedure referred to in Article 11(3). It shall ensure, in  particular, that the provision of 
that information does not  represent an excessive administrative burden for operators in  general or for 
smallholder farmers, producer organisations and  cooperatives in particular.  
The obligations laid down in this  paragraph shall apply whether the biofuels are produced within the  
Community or imported.  
Member States shall submit, in aggregated form, the  information referred to in the first subparagraph of this 
paragraph  to the Commission, which shall publish this information on the  transparency platform referred to 
in Article 20a of Directive  2009/ …/EC [on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable  sources] in 
summary form preserving the confidentiality of  commercially sensitive information.  
4.   The Community shall endeavour to conclude bilateral or  multilateral agreements with third countries 
containing provisions  on sustainability criteria that correspond to those of this  directive. Where the 
Community has concluded agreements containing  provisions that cover the topics covered by the 
sustainability  criteria set out in Article 7b(2) to (5), the Commission may decide  that those agreements 
demonstrate that biofuels produced from raw  materials cultivated in those countries comply with the  
sustainability criteria in question. When those agreements are  concluded, due consideration shall be given 
to measures taken for  the conservation of areas that provide basic ecosystem services in  critical situations 
(such as watershed protection and erosion  control), for soil, water and air protection, indirect land -use 
changes, the restoration of degraded land, the avoidance of  excessive water consumption in areas where 
water is scarce and to  the issues referred to in the second subparagraph of Article  7b(7).  
The Commission may decide that voluntary national or international  schemes setting standards for the 
production of biomass products  contain accurate data for the purposes of Article 7b(2) or  demonstrate that 
consignments of biofuel comply with the  sustainability criteria set out in Article 7b(3) to (5). The  
Commission may decide that those schemes contain accurate data for  the purposes of information on 
measures taken for the conservation  of areas that provide basic ecosystem services in critical  situations 
(such as watershed protection and erosion control), for  soil, water and air protection, the restoration of 
degraded land,  the avoidance of excessive water consumption in areas where water is  scarce and to the 
issues mentioned in the second subparagraph of  Article 7b(7). The Commission may also recognise areas 
for the  protection of rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems or species  recognised by international 
agreements or included in lists drawn up  by intergovernmental organisations or the International Union for  
the Conservation of Nature for the purposes of Article  7b(3)(b)(ii).  
The Commission may decide that national, multinational  or international schemes to measure greenhouse 
gas savings contain  accurate data for the purposes of Article  7b(2).  
The Commission may decide that land that falls within the scope of a  national or regional recovery 
programme aimed at improving severely  degraded or heavily contaminated land fulfils the categories laid  
down in point 8 of Part C of Annex IV.  
5.   The Commission shall only adopt decisions pursuant to  paragraph 4 of this Article if the agreement or 
scheme in question  meets adequate standards of reliability, transparency and  independent auditing. In the 
case of schemes to measure greenhouse  gas savings, such schemes shall also comply with the 
methodological  requirements in Annex IV. In the case areas of high biodiversity  value as referred to in 
Article 7b(3)(b)(ii), lists of such areas  shall meet adequate standards of objectivity and coherence with  
internationally recognised standards and provide for appropriate  appeal procedures.  
6.   Decisions pursuant to paragraph 4 shall be adopted in  accordance with the advisory procedure referred 
to in Article 11(3).  Such decisions shall be valid for a period of no more than 5  years.  Page 13 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...7.   When  an economic operator proffers proof or data obtained in accordance  with an agreement or scheme 
that has been the subject of a decision  pursuant to paragraph 4 of this Article, a Member State shall not  
require the supplier to provide further evidence of compliance with  the sustainability criteria set out in 
Article 7b(2) to (5) nor  information on measures referred to in the second subparagraph of  paragraph 3 of 
this Article.  
8.   At the request of a Member State or on its own  initiative the Commission shall examine the application of 
Article  7b in relation to a source of biofuel and, within six months of  receipt of a request and in accordance 
with the advisory procedure  referred to in Article 11(3), decide whether the Member State  concerned may 
take biofuel from that source into account for the  purposes of Article 7a.  
9.   At the latest in 2012, the Commission shall report to the European  Parliament and to the Council  on: 
The Commission shall, if appropriate,  propose corrective action.  
Article 7d  
Calculation of life cycle greenhouse  gas emissions from biofuels  
1.   For the purposes of Article 7a, life cycle greenhouse  gas emissions from biofuels shall be calculated as  
follows:  
2.   By 31 March 2010 at the latest, Member States shall  submit to the Commission a report including a list of 
those areas on  their territory classified as level 2 in the nomenclature of  territorial units for statistics 
(hereinafter referred to as "NUTS")  or as a more disaggregated NUTS level in accordance with Regulation  
(EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of  26 May 2003 on the establishment of a 
common classification of  territorial units for statistics (NUTS)* where the typical  greenhouse gas emissions 
from cultivation of agricultural raw  materials can be expected to be lower than or equal to the emissions  
reported under the heading "cultivation" in part D of Annex VII to  this Directive, accompanied by a 
description of the method and data  used to establish that list. That method shall take into account  soil 
characteristics, climate and expected raw material  yields.  
3.   The default values in Part A of Annex IV, and the disaggregated default  values for cultivation in Part D of 
Annex IV, may be used only when  their raw materials  are:  
For biofuels not falling under points  (a), (b) or (c), actual values for cultivation shall be  used.  
4 .  By 31 March 2010 at the latest, the Commission shall  submit a report to the European Parliament and to 
the Council on the  feasibility of drawing up lists of areas in third countries where  the typical greenhouse gas 
emissions from cultivation of  agricultural raw materials can be expected to be lower than or equal  to the 
emissions reported under the heading "cultivation" in part D  of Annex IV, accompanied if possible by such 
lists and a description  of the method and data used to establish them. The Commission shall,  if appropriate, 
accompany its report by relevant  proposals.  
5 .  The Commission shall report by 31 December 2012 at the  latest, and every 2 years thereafter, on the   a)(a) the effectiveness of the system  in place for the provision of information on sustainability  criteria;  
and
  b)(b) whether it is feasible and  appropriate to introduce mandatory requirements in relation to  air, soil 
or water protection, taking into account the latest  scientific evidence and the Community's 
international  obligations.
  a)(a) where a default value for  greenhouse gas emission savings for the biofuel production  pathway is 
laid down in Part A or B of Annex IV and where the  e l value for those biofuels calculated in 
accordance  with point 7 of Part C of Annex IV is equal to or less than  zero, by using that default 
value;  or
  b)(b) by using an actual value  calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in  Part C of 
Annex IV;  or
  c)(c) by using a value calculated as  the sum of the factors of the formula referred to in point 1  of Part C 
of Annex IV, where disaggregated default values in  Part D or E of Annex IV may be used for some 
factors, and  actual values, calculated in accordance with the methodology  laid down in Part C of 
Annex IV, for all other  factors.
  a)(a) cultivated outside the  Community;  or
  b)(b) cultivated in the Community in  areas included in the lists referred to in paragraph 2;  or
  c)(c) waste or residues other than  agricultural, aquaculture and fisheries  residues.Page 14 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...estimated typical and  default values in Parts B and E of Annex IV, paying special  attention to emissions 
from transport and processing, and may, where  necessary, decide to correct the values. Such a measure 
designed to  amend non -essential elements of this Directive shall be adopted in  accordance with the 
regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to  in Article 11(4).  
6 .  The Commission shall, by 31 December 2010, submit a  report to the European Parliament and to the 
Council reviewing the  impact of indirect land use change on greenhouse gas emissions and  addressing 
ways to minimise this impact. This report shall where  appropriate be accompanied, in particular by a 
proposal, based on  the best available scientific evidence, containing a concrete  methodology for emissions 
from carbon stock changes caused by  indirect land use changes, ensuring compliance with this Directive,  
in particular Article 7b(2).  
The proposal shall include the  necessary safeguards to provide certainty for investment, undertaken  before 
this methodology is applied. With respect to installations  that produced biofuels before the end of 2013, the 
application of  the measures referred to in the first subparagraph shall not, until  the end of 2017, lead to 
biofuels produced by these installations  being deemed not to comply with the sustainability requirements 
of this Directive if they would otherwise have done so, provided that  those biofuels achieve a greenhouse 
gas saving of at least  45 %. This shall apply to the capacities of the installations  of biofuels at the end of 
2012.  
The European Parliament and the  Council shall endeavour to decide in 2012 at the latest on any such  
proposals submitted by the Commission.  
7 .  Annex IV may be adapted to technical  and scientific progress, including by the addition of values for  
further biofuel production pathways for the same or for other raw  materials and by modifying the 
methodology laid down in Part C. Such  a measure designed to amend or supplement non -essential 
elements of  this Directive inter alia by supplementing it, shall be adopted in  accordance with the regulatory 
procedure with scrutiny referred to  in Article 11(4).  
The default values for waste vegetable  or animal oil biodiesel shall be reviewed as soon as  possible  . 
8 .  Detailed definitions, including  technical specifications required for the categories set out in  point 7b of 
Part C of Annex IV shall be established. Such a measure  designed to amend non -essential elements of this 
Directive, by  supplementing it shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory  procedure with scrutiny 
referred to in  Article 11(4).  
__________________  
* OJ L 154, 21.6.2003, p. 1.  
Article 7e  
Implementing measures and reports  concerning the sustainability of biofuels  
1.   The implementing measures referred to in Article 7b(3),  second subparagraph, Article 7c(3), third 
subparagraph, Article  7c(6), Article 7c(8), Article 7d(5), Article 7d(7), first  subparagraph, and Article 7d(8) of 
this Directive shall also take  full account of the purposes of Directive 2009/ …/EC [on the  promotion of the 
use of energy from renewable  sources].  Regarding the  default values and methodology laid down in Annex IV,  particular consideration shall be 
paid to: 
  — - the method of accounting for  wastes and  residues;
  — - the method of accounting for  co products;
  — - the method of accounting for  co generation;  and
  — - the status given to  agricultural crop residues as  co-products.
Any adaptation of or addition to the list of default values in  Annex IV shall respect the following  rules:  
  a)(a) where the contribution of a  factor to overall emissions is small, or where there is  limited variation, 
or where the cost or difficulty of  establishing actual values is high, default values shall be  typical of 
normal production  processes;
  b)(b) in all other cases default  values shall be conservative compared to normal production  processes.Page 15 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...2.   The reports by the Commission to the European Parliament and to the  Council referred to in Article 7b
(7), Article 7c(2), Article 7c(9),  Article 7d(4), (5) and (6), first subparagraph, as well as the  reports and 
information submitted pursuant to in Article 7c(3),  first and fifth subparagraphs, and Article 7d(2) of this 
Directive,  shall be prepared and transmitted for the purposes of both Directive  2009/ …/EC [on the 
promotion of the use of energy from renewable  sources] and this Directive. "  
7)  In Article 8, paragraph 1 shall be  replaced by the following:  
" 
1.  "1. Member States shall monitor compliance  with the requirements of Articles 3 and 4, in respect of 
petrol and  diesel fuels, on the basis of the analytical methods referred to in  European standards EN 
228:2004 and EN 590:2004  respectively."  
" 
8)  The following Article 8a shall be  inserted:  
" 
Article 8a  
Metallic additives  
1.  The  Commission shall conduct an  assessment of the risks for health and the environment from  the use of 
metallic additives in fuel  and, for this purpose, develop a test  methodology. It shall report its conclusions to 
the European  Parliament and to the Council by 31 December  2012.  
2.   Pending the development of the test methodology  referred to in paragraph 1, the presence of the 
metallic additive  methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) in fuel shall be  limited to 6 mg Mn 
per litre from 1 January 2011. The limit shall be  2 mg from 1 January 2014.  
3.   The limit for the MMT content of fuel specified in paragraph 2 shall be  revised on the basis of the results 
of the assessment carried out  using the test methodology referred to in paragraph 1. It may be  reduced to 
zero if the risk assessment justifies this. It cannot be  increased unless the risk assessment justifies this. 
Such a measure,  designed to amend non essential elements of this Directive shall be  adopted in 
accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny  referred to in Article 11(3).  
4.   Member States shall ensure that a label concerning the  metallic additive content of fuel is displayed at 
any point where a  fuel with metallic additives is made available to  consumers.  
5.   The label shall contain the following text: "Contains metallic  additives  
" 
6.   The label shall be attached to the place where information indicating  the type of fuel is displayed, in a 
clearly visible position. The  label shall be of a size and font that it is clearly visible and  easily legible.  " 
9)  Article 9 shall be replaced by the  following:  
" 
Article 9  
Reporting  
1.  The Commission shall submit  by 31 December 2012, and every three years thereafter, a report  to the European 
Parliament and the Council accompanied, where  appropriate, by a proposal for amendments to this Directive  . 
That report shall in  particular take account of the following:  
a)   the  use and evolution of automotive technology and, in particular, the feasibility of increasing the  Page 16 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...maximum permitted biofuel content of petrol and diesel and the need  to review the date mentioned in 
Article 3(3)  ; 
2.   At the latest in 2014, the Commission shall submit a  report to the European Parliament and the Council 
relating to the  achievement of the greenhouse gas emission target for 2020 referred  to in Article 7a, taking 
into account the need for consistency  between this target and the target referred to in Article 3(3) of  
Directive 2009/ …/EC [on the promotion of the use of energy from  renewable sources], concerning the share 
of energy from renewable  sources in transport, in the light of the reports referred to in  Articles 20(6) and 20
(7) of that  Directive.  
The Commission shall, if appropriate, accompany its  report by a proposal for modification of the  target.  
" 
10)  In Article 10, paragraph 1 shall be replaced by  the following:  
" 
1.  "1. If the adaptation of the permitted  analytical methods referred to in Annex I or II to technical  progress 
is necessary, amendments, designed to amend non -essential  elements of this Directive, may be adopted in 
accordance with the  regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in  Article 11(4). Annex III may also be 
adapted to technical and  scientific progress. That measure, designed to amend non -essential  elements of 
this Directive, shall be adopted in accordance with the  regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in  
Article 11(4)."  
" 
11)  Article 11 shall be replaced by  the following:  
" 
Article 11  
Committee  Procedure  
1.  Except in the cases referred to in paragraph  2, the Commission shall be assisted by the Committee on Fuel    (b)Community policy on CO2  emissions from road transport  vehicles;
  c)the possibility of applying the requirements of  Annex II, and in particular the limit value for 
polycyclic  aromatic hydrocarbons, to non -road mobile machinery (including  inland waterways 
vessels), agricultural and forestry tractors  and recreational craft  ; 
  
(d) the increase of the use of detergents  in fuels;
  e)(e) the use of metallic additives other than MMT  in fuels;  
(f) the total volume of components  used in petrol and diesel having regard to Community  
environmental legislation, including the objectives of  Directive 2000/60/EC and its daughter  
directives;   
(g) the consequences of the greenhouse gas reduction  target set in Article 7a(2) for the emissions 
trading  scheme;
  h)(h) the potential need for  adjustments to Articles 2(6), 2(7) and 7a(2)(b) in order to  assess possible 
contributions for reaching a greenhouse gas  reduction target of up to 10 % by 2020. These  
considerations shall be based on the potential for life cycle  greenhouse gas emission reductions 
from fuels and energy  within the Community, taking into account in particular any  developments in 
environmentally safe carbon capture and  storage technologies and in electric road vehicles, and the  
cost effectiveness of means of reducing those emissions, as  referred to in Article  7a(2)(b):
  i)(i) the possibility of introducing  additional measures for suppliers to reduce by 2 % life  cycle 
greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy, in  comparison with the fuel baseline standard referred 
to in  Article 7a(5)(b), through the use of credits purchased through  the Clean Development 
Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol under  the conditions set out in Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a  
scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within  the Community, in order to assess 
further possible  contributions for reaching a greenhouse gas reduction target  of up to 10 % by 2020, 
as referred to in Article  7a(2)(c);
  j)(j) an updated cost -benefit and  impact analysis of a reduction in the maximum permitted vapour  
pressure for petrol for the summer period below 60  kPa.Page 17 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...Quality  . 
2 .  For matters relating to the sustainability of biofuels  and other bioliquids, the Commission shall be 
assisted by the  'Committee on the Sustainability of Biofuels and Other Bioliquids'  established under Article 
21(2) of Directive 2009/ …/EC [on the  promotion of the use of energy from renewable  sources].  
3 .  Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 3  and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having 
regard to the  provisions of Article 8 thereof.  
4 .  Where reference is made to this  paragraph, Articles 5a(1) to (4), and Article 7 of Decision  1999/468/EC shall 
apply, having regard to the provisions of Article  8 thereof.  
" 
12)  Article  14 shall be deleted.  
13)  Annexes I, II, III and IV shall be replaced by the text  annexed to this Directive.  
 
Article  2 
Amendments to Directive 1999/32/EC  
1)  Article 2 shall be amended as  follows  : 
2)  Article  4b shall  be amended as follows:  
a)  (a) the title shall be replaced by the following: "  Maximum sulfur content of marine fuels used by ships at 
berth in  Community  ports";  
3)  In Article 6, paragraph 1a, the third subparagraph  shall be replaced by the following:  
" 
"Sampling shall commence on the date  on which the relevant limit for maximum sulphur content in the fuel  
comes into force. It shall be carried out with sufficient frequency,  in sufficient quantities, and in such a way 
that the samples are  representative of the fuel examined, and of the fuel being used by  vessels while in 
relevant sea areas and ports."  
" 
Article 3    a)(a) point 3 shall be replaced by the  following:  " 
"  3."3. marine fuel means any petroleum -derived  liquid fuel intended for use or in use on board a  
vessel, including those fuels defined in ISO 8217. It  includes any petroleum -derived liquid fuel 
in use on  board inland waterway vessels or recreational craft, as  defined in Directive 97/68/EC 
of the European Parliament  and of the Council of 16 December 1997 on the  approximation of 
the laws of the Member States relating  to measures against the emission of gaseous and  
particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines  to be installed in non -road mobile  
machinery  * and Directive 94/25/EC of the European  Parliament and of the Council of 16 June 
1994 on the  approximation of the laws, regulations and  administrative provisions of the 
Member States relating  to recreational craft**, when such vessels are at  sea;   
__________________   
* OJ L 59, 27.2.1998,  p.1.  
** OJ L 164, 30.6.1994, p.  15."
  b)(b) point 3j shall be  deleted.
  b)(b) in paragraph 1, point (a) shall be  deleted;
  c)(c) in paragraph 2, point (b) shall be  deleted.Page 18 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20... Repeal  
Directive 93/12/EEC shall be  repealed.  
Article  4 
Transposition  
1.  Member States shall bring  into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions  necessary to comply with 
this Directive by 31 December 2010  at the latest.   
When Member States adopt those provisions, they shall  contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by 
such a  reference on the occasion of their official publication. Member  States shall determine how such reference is 
to be  made.  
2.  Member States shall communicate to the  Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which  they 
adopt in the field covered by this Directive.  
Article  5 
Entry into force  
This Directive shall enter into force  on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the  Official Journal of the 
European Union.  
Article  6 
Addressees  
This Directive is addressed to the Member  States.  
Done at   
For the European Parliament For the  Council  
The President The President  
(1)OJ C  ....
(2)Position  of the European Parliament of 17 December 2008  .
(3)Council Directive 93/12/EEC  of 23 March 1993 relating to the sulfur  content of certain liquid  fuels (OJ L 74, 27.3.1993, p. 81).
(4)Decision No. 1600/2002/EC  (OJ L 242, 10.9.2002, p. 1).
(5)OJ L 152, 11.6.2008, p.  43.
(6)OJ L 59, 27.2.1998, p. 1.  
(7)OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23.  
(8)Directive 1999/32/EC of the  Council of 26 April 1999 relating to a reduction in the  sulfur content of certain liquid fuels and amending  
Council Directive 93/12/EC (OJ L 121, 11.5.1999, p.  13).
(9)OJ L 74, 27.3.1993, p. 81.  
 ANNEX I
ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR  MARKET FUELS TO BE USED FOR VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH 
POSITIVE -IGNITION  ENGINES  
Type: Petrol  
Parameter (1)  Unit Limits (2)  
Minimum  Maximum  Page 19 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20... (1)  Test  methods shall be those specified in EN 228:2004  . Member States may adopt the  analytical method 
specified in replacement EN 228:2004  standard if it can be shown  to give at least the same accuracy and at least 
the same level of  precision as the analytical method it  replaces.  
(2)  The values quoted in the  specification are "true values". In the establishment of their limit  values, the terms of 
EN ISO  4259:2006  "Petroleum products - Determination and  application of precision data in relation to methods of 
test" have  been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of  2R above zero has been taken into 
account (R = reproducibility). The  results of individual measurements shall be interpreted on the basis  of the criteria 
described in EN ISO 4259:2006  . 
(3)   Member States may decide to continue to permit the  placing on the market of unleaded regular grade 
petrol with a  minimum motor octane number (MON) of 81 and a minimum research  octane number (RON) of 
91. 
(4)  The summer period shall begin no  later than 1 May and shall not end before 30 September.  For Member States 
with low ambient summer temperatures  the summer period shall  begin no later than 1 June and shall not end 
before 31  August.  
(5)  In the case of  Member  States with low ambient summer  temperatures and for which a derogation is in 
effect in accordance  with Article 3(4) and (5),  the maximum vapour  pressure shall be 70 kPa. In the case of  
Member States for which a derogation is in effect in accordance with  Article 3(4) and (5) for petrol 
containing  ethanol, the maximum vapour pressure shall be  60 kPa plus the vapour pressure waiver specified 
in Annex  III . 
(6)  Other mono -alcohols and ethers  with a final boiling point no higher than that stated in EN 228:2004  . Research  octane number  95 ( 2a ) - 
Motor  octane number  85 - 
Vapour  pressure, summer period (3)  kPa - 60,0 (4)  
Distillation:  
- percentage evaporated at 100 ºC % v/v 46,0 - 
- percentage evaporated at 150 ºC % v/v 75,0 - 
Hydrocarbon  analysis:  
- olefins  % v/v - 18,0  
- aromatics  % v/v - 35,0 
- benzene  % v/v - 1,0 
Oxygen  content  % m/m  3,7 
Oxygenates  
- Methanol  3 
- Ethanol (stabilising agents may be necessary)  % v/v 10 
- Iso-propyl alcohol  % v/v - 12 
- Tert-butyl alcohol  % v/v -  15 
- Iso-butyl alcohol  % v/v -  15 
- Ethers containing five or more carbon atoms per  molecule  % v/v -  22 
- Other oxygenates (5)  % v/v -  15 
Sulfur  content  mg/kg  - 10 
Lead  content  g/l -  0,005  Page 20 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...  ANNEX  II
ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR MARKET FUELS TO BE  USED FOR VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH 
COMPRESSION IGNITION  ENGINES  
Type: Diesel  
(1)   Test methods shall be those specified in EN 590:2004.  Member States may adopt the analytical method 
specified in  replacement EN 590:2004 standard if it can be shown to give at least  the same accuracy and at 
least the same level of precision as the  analytical method it replaces.  
(2)   The values quoted in the specification are "true  values". In the establishment of their limit values, the 
terms of EN  ISO 4259:2006 "Petroleum products - Determination and application of  precision data in 
relation to methods of test" have been applied and  in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R 
above zero has  been taken into account (R = reproducibility). The results of  individual measurements shall 
be interpreted on the basis of the  criteria described in EN ISO 4259:2006.  
(3)   FAME shall comply with EN  14214.  Parameter  (1) Unit Limits  (2) 
Minimum  Maximum  
Cetane  number  51,0 - 
Density at 15  ºC Kg/m  3 - 845 
Distillation:  
- 95% recovered at:   ºC - 360 
Polycyclic aromatic  hydrocarbons  - 8 
Sulfur  content  
FAME content - EN 14078  mg/kg  - 10 
% - 7 (3) 
 ANNEX III
VAPOUR PRESSURE WAIVER PERMITTED FOR  PETROL CONTAINING BIOETHANOL  
Bioethanol  content  (%v/v)  Vapour  pressure waiver permitted (kPa)  
0 0 
1 3.65 
2 5.95 
3 7.20 
4 7.80 
5 8.0 
6 8.0 
7 7.94 
8 7.88 
9 7.82 Page 21 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20... The permitted vapour pressure waiver for intermediate bioethanol content  between the values listed shall be 
determined by a straight line  extrapolation between the bioethanol content immediately above and  that immediately 
below the intermediate  value.  10 7.76 
 ANNEX  IV
RULES FOR CALCULATING LIFE CYCLE GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS  FROM BIOFUELS  
A.   Typical and default values for biofuels if produced  with no net carbon emissions from land use  change  
Biofuel production  pathway  Typical greenhouse gas 
emission  saving  Default greenhouse gas 
emission  saving  
sugar beet  ethanol  61% 52% 
wheat ethanol (process fuel not  specified)  32% 16% 
wheat ethanol (lignite as  process fuel in CHP 
plant)  32% 16% 
wheat ethanol (natural gas as  process fuel in 
conventional boiler)  45% 34% 
wheat ethanol (natural gas as  process fuel in 
CHP plant)  53% 47% 
wheat ethanol (straw as process  fuel in CHP 
plant)  69% 69% 
corn (maize) ethanol, Community  produced 
(natural gas as process fuel in CHP  plant)  56% 49% 
sugar cane  ethanol  71% 71% 
the part from renewable sources  of ETBE 
(ethyl -tertio -butyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the ethanol 
production pathway  used  
the part from renewable sources  of TAEE 
(tertiary -amyl -ethyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the ethanol 
production pathway  used  
rape seed  biodiesel  45% 38% 
sunflower  biodiesel  58% 51% 
soybean  biodiesel  40% 31% 
palm oil biodiesel (process not  specified)  36% 19% 
palm oil biodiesel (process with  methane 
capture at oil mill)  62% 56% 
waste vegetable or animal (*)  oil biodiesel  88% 83% 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  rape seed  51% 47% 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  sunflower  65% 62% 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  palm oil 
(process not specified)  40% 26% 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  palm oil 
(process with methane capture at oil  mill)  68% 65% 
pure vegetable oil from rape  seed  58% 57% Page 22 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...(*) Not including animal oil produced from  animal by products classified as category 3 material in 
accordance  with Regulation (EC) 1774/2002 of the European Parliament and of the  Council of 3 October 
2002 laying down health rules on animal by  products not intended for human consumption  (1) . 
B.  Estimated typical and default values for future  biofuels that are not or in negligible quantities on the 
market in  January 2008, if produced with no net carbon emissions from land use  change  
C.   Methodology  
1.   Greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of  biofuels shall be calculated as:  
E= eec + el + ep + etd + eu - e sca – eccs - eccr – eee, 
where  
E = total emissions from the use of the  fuel;  
e ec = emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw  materials;  
e l = annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land use  change;  
e p = emissions from processing;  
e td = emissions from transport and distribution;  
e u = emissions from the fuel in use;  
e sca = emission savings  from soil carbon accumulation via improved agricultural  management;  
e ccs = emission savings from carbon capture and geological  storage;  biogas from municipal organic  waste as 
compressed natural gas  80% 73% 
biogas from wet manure as  compressed 
natural gas  84% 81% 
biogas from dry manure as  compressed 
natural gas  86% 82% 
Biofuel production  pathway  Typical greenhouse gas 
emission  saving  Default greenhouse gas 
emission  saving  
wheat straw  ethanol  87% 85% 
waste wood  ethanol  80% 74% 
farmed wood  ethanol  76% 70% 
waste wood Fischer -Tropsch  diesel  95% 95% 
farmed wood Fischer -Tropsch  diesel  93% 93% 
waste wood DME  (dimethylether)  95% 95% 
farmed wood DME  (dimethylether)  92% 92% 
waste wood  methanol  94% 94% 
farmed wood  methanol  91% 91% 
the part from renewable sources  of 
MTBE (methyl -tertio -butyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the methanol 
production pathway  used  Page 23 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...e ccr = emission savings from carbon capture and replacement;  and 
e ee = emission savings from excess electricity from  cogeneration.  
Emissions from the manufacture of machinery and  equipment shall not be taken into account.  
2.   Greenhouse gas emissions from fuels, E, shall be  expressed in terms of grams of CO  2 equivalent per 
MJ of fuel, gCO  2eq /MJ. 
3.   In exception to point 2, values calculated in terms of  gCO  2eq /MJ may be adjusted to take into account 
differences  between fuels in useful work done, expressed in terms of km/MJ. Such  adjustments shall only 
be made where evidence of the differences in  useful work done is provided.  
4.   Greenhouse gas emission savings from biofuels shall be  calculated as:  
SAVING = (E  F – E B )/E F , 
where  
E B = total emissions  from the biofuel; and  
E F = total emissions from the fossil fuel  comparator.  
5.   The greenhouse gases taken into account for the purposes of point 1  shall be CO  2 , N 2 O and CH  4 . 
For the purpose of calculating CO  2 equivalence, these gases shall be valued as  follows:  
CO 2 : 1 
N 2 O: 296 
CH 4 : 23. 
6.   Emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw  materials, e  ec , shall include emissions from the 
extraction or cultivation process  itself; from the collection of raw materials; from waste and  leakages; and 
from the production of chemicals or products used in  extraction or cultivation. Capture of CO  2 in the 
cultivation of raw materials shall be excluded.  Certified reductions of greenhouse gas emissions from 
flaring at oil  production sites anywhere in the world shall be deducted. Estimates  of emissions from 
cultivation may be derived from the use of  averages calculated for smaller geographical areas than those 
used  in the calculation of the default values, as an alternative to using  actual values.  
7.   Annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused  by land use change, e  l , shall be calculated 
by dividing total emissions equally over 20  years. For the calculation of these emissions the following rule  
shall be applied:  
e l = (CS R – CSA) x 3.664 x 1/20 x 1/P -e B , 
where  
e l = annualised  greenhouse gas emissions from carbon stock change due to land use  change (measured 
as mass of CO  2 -equivalent per unit biofuel  energy);  
CS R = the carbon stock  per unit area associated with the reference land use (measured as  mass of carbon 
per unit area, including both soil and vegetation).  The reference land use shall be the land use in January 
2008 or 20  years before the raw material was obtained, whichever was the later;   
CS A = the carbon stock  per unit area associated with the actual land use (measured as mass  of carbon per 
unit area, including both soil and vegetation). In  cases where the carbon stock accumulates over more than 
one year,  the value attributed to CSA shall be the estimated stock per unit  area after twenty years or when 
the crop reaches maturity, whichever  is the earlier;  
P = the productivity of the crop (measured as biofuel  energy per unit area per year); and  Page 24 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...e B = bonus of 29  gCO  2 eq/MJ biofuel if biomass is obtained from restored  degraded land under the 
conditions provided for in point  8 . 
8 .  The bonus of 29 gCO  2 eq/MJ shall be attributed if evidence is provided that  the land:  
(a) was not in use for agriculture or any other activity in  January 2008; and  
(b) falls into one of the following  categories:  
(i) severely degraded land, including such land that was  formerly in agricultural use;  
(ii) heavily contaminated  land.  
The bonus of 29 gCO  2 eq/MJ shall apply for a period of up to 10 years from  the date of conversion of the 
land to agricultural use, provided  that a steady increase in carbon stocks as well as a sizable  reduction in 
erosion phenomena for land falling under (i) are  ensured and that soil contamination for land falling under 
(ii) is  reduced.  
9 .  The categories mentioned in point 8(b) are defined as  follows:  
(a) "severely degraded  land" means land that, for a significant period of time, has either  been significantly 
salinated or presented significantly low organic  matter content and been severely eroded;  
(b) "heavily contaminated land" means land  that is unfit for the cultivation of food and feed due to soil  
contamination.  
Such land shall include land that has been the subject  of a Commission decision in accordance with the 
fourth subparagraph  of Article 7c(3).  
10 .  The guide adopted pursuant to point 8 of Part C of  Annex VII to Directive 2009/...EC [on the promotion 
of the use of  energy from renewable sources] shall serve as the basis of the  calculation of land carbon 
stocks for the purposes of this  Directive.  
11 .  Emissions from processing, e  p , shall include emissions from the processing itself;  from waste and 
leakages; and from the production of chemicals or  products used in processing.  
In accounting for the consumption of  electricity not produced within the fuel production plant, the  
greenhouse gas emission intensity of the production and distribution  of that electricity shall be assumed to 
be equal to the average  emission intensity of the production and distribution of electricity  in a defined 
region. In exception to this rule producers may use an  average value for an individual electricity production 
plant for  electricity produced by that plant, if that plant is not connected  to the electricity grid.  
12 .  Emissions from transport and distribution,  e td , shall include emissions from  the transport and 
storage of raw and semi -finished materials and  from the storage and distribution of finished materials. 
Emissions  from transport and distribution to be taken into account under point  6 shall not be covered by 
point 10.  
13 .  Emissions from the fuel in use,  e u , shall be taken to be zero for  biofuels.  
14 .  Emission savings from carbon capture and geological  storage e  ccs , that have not already been 
accounted for in e  p , shall be limited to emissions avoided through the  capture and sequestration of 
emitted CO  2 directly related to the extraction, transport,  processing and distribution of fuel.  
15 .  Emission savings from carbon capture  and replacement, e  ccr , shall be limited to emissions avoided 
through the capture of  CO 2 of which the carbon originates  from biomass and which is used to replace 
fossil -derived  CO 2 used in commercial products and  services.  
16 .  Emission savings from excess electricity from  cogeneration, e  ee , shall be taken into account in 
relation to the excess electricity  produced by fuel production systems that use cogeneration except  where 
the fuel used for the cogeneration is a co -product other than  an agricultural crop residue. In accounting for 
this excess  electricity, the size of the cogeneration unit shall be assumed to  be the minimum necessary for 
the cogeneration unit to supply the  heat that is needed to produce the fuel. The greenhouse gas emission  
savings associated with this excess electricity shall be taken to be  equal to the amount of greenhouse gas Page 25 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...that would be emitted when an  equal amount of electricity was generated in a power plant using the  same 
fuel as the cogeneration unit.  
17 .  Where a biofuel production process  produces, in combination, the fuel for which emissions are being  
calculated and one or more other products ("co -products"),  greenhouse gas emissions shall be divided 
between the fuel or its  intermediate product and the co -products in proportion to their  energy content 
(determined by lower heating value in the case of  co-products other than electricity).  
18 .  For the purposes of the calculation  referred to in point 17, the emissions to be divided shall be  e ec + e 
l , + those fractions of e  p, e td and e  ee that take place up to and including the process step at  which a co -
product is produced. If any allocation to co -products has  taken place at an earlier process step in the life -
cycle, the  fraction of those emissions assigned in the last such process step  to the intermediate fuel 
product shall be used for this purpose  instead of the total of those emissions.  
All co -products, including electricity  that does not fall under the scope of point 16, shall be taken into  
account for the purposes of this calculation, except for  agricultural crop residues, including straw, bagasse, 
husks, cobs  and nut shells. Co -products that have a negative energy content  shall be considered to have an 
energy content of zero for the  purpose of the calculation  
Wastes, agricultural crop residues,  including straw, bagasse, husks, cobs and nut shells, and residues  from 
processing, including crude glycerine (glycerine that is not  refined), shall be considered to have zero life -
cycle greenhouse gas  emissions up to the process of collection of these  materials.  
In the case of fuels produced in refineries, the unit  of analysis for the purposes of the calculation referred to 
in point  17 shall be the refinery.  
19.  For the purposes of the calculation referred to in  point 4, the fossil fuel comparator EF shall be the 
latest available  actual average emissions from the fossil part of petrol and diesel  consumed in the 
Community as reported under this Directive. If no  such data are available, the value used shall be 83.8  gCO  
2 eq/MJ.  
D.  Disaggregated default values for  biofuels  
Cultivation: 'e  ec ' as defined in Part C of this Annex  
Biofuel production  pathway  Typical greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) Default greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) 
sugar beet  ethanol  12 12 
wheat  ethanol  23 23 
corn (maize) ethanol, Community  
produced  20 20 
sugar cane  ethanol  14 14 
the part from renewable sources  of 
ETBE (ethyl -tertio -butyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the ethanol 
production pathway  used  
the part from renewable sources  of 
TAEE (tertiary -amyl -ethyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the ethanol 
production pathway  used  
rape seed  biodiesel  29 29 
sunflower  biodiesel  18 18 
soybean  biodiesel  19 19 
palm oil  biodiesel  14 14 
waste vegetable or animal oil  biodiesel  0 0 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  rape 
seed  30 30 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  18 18 Page 26 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...Processing (including excess  electricity): 'e  p - e ee ' as defined in Part C of this  Annex  sunflower  
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  palm 
oil 15 15 
pure vegetable oil from rape  seed  30 30 
biogas from municipal organic  waste 
as compressed natural gas  0 0 
biogas from wet manure as  
compressed natural gas  0 0 
biogas from dry manure as  
compressed natural gas  0 0 
Biofuel production  pathway  Typical greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) Default greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) 
sugar beet  ethanol  19 26 
wheat ethanol (process fuel not  specified)  32 45 
wheat ethanol (lignite as  process fuel in 
CHP plant)  32 45 
wheat ethanol (natural gas as  process fuel 
in conventional boiler)  21 30 
wheat ethanol (natural gas as  process fuel 
in CHP plant)  14 19 
wheat ethanol (straw as process  fuel in 
CHP plant)  1 1 
corn (maize) ethanol, Community  produced 
(natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant)   15 21 
sugar cane  ethanol  1 1 
the part from renewable sources  of ETBE 
(ethyl -tertio -butyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the ethanol 
production pathway  used  
the part from renewable sources  of TAEE 
(tertiary -amyl -ethyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the ethanol 
production pathway  used  
rape seed  biodiesel  16 22 
sunflower  biodiesel  16 22 
soybean  biodiesel  18 26 
palm oil biodiesel (process not  specified)  35 49 
palm oil biodiesel (process with  methane 
capture at oil mill)  13 18 
waste vegetable or animal oil  biodiesel  9 13 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  rape seed  10 13 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  sunflower  10 13 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  palm oil 
(process not specified)  30 42 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  palm oil 
(process with methane capture at oil  mill)  7 9 Page 27 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...Transport and distribution: '  e td ' as defined in Part C of this  Annex  
Total  pure vegetable oil from rape  seed  4 5 
biogas from municipal organic  waste as 
compressed natural gas  14 20 
biogas from wet manure as  compressed 
natural gas  8 11 
biogas from dry manure as  compressed 
natural gas  8 11 
Biofuel production  pathway  Typical greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) Default greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) 
sugar beet  ethanol  2 2 
wheat  ethanol  2 2 
corn (maize) ethanol, Community  
produced  2 2 
sugar cane  ethanol  9 9 
the part from renewable sources  of 
ETBE (ethyl -tertio -butyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the ethanol 
production pathway  used  
the part from renewable sources  of 
TAEE (tertiary -amyl -ethyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the ethanol 
production pathway  used  
rape seed  biodiesel  1 1 
sunflower  biodiesel  1 1 
soybean  biodiesel  13 13 
palm oil  biodiesel  5 5 
waste vegetable or animal oil  biodiesel  1 1 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  rape 
seed  1 1 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  
sunflower  1 1 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  palm 
oil 5 5 
pure vegetable oil from rape  seed  1 1 
biogas from municipal organic  waste 
as compressed natural gas  3 3 
biogas from wet manure as  
compressed natural gas  5 5 
biogas from dry manure as  
compressed natural gas  4 4 
Biofuel production  pathway  Typical greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) Default greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) 
sugar beet  ethanol  33 40 Page 28 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...E.  Estimated disaggregated values for  future biofuels that are not or in negligible quantities on the  market 
in January 2008  
Disaggregated values for cultivation: 'e  ec ' as defined in Part C of this  Annex  wheat ethanol (process fuel not  specified)  57 70 
wheat ethanol (lignite as  process fuel in 
CHP plant)  57 70 
wheat ethanol (natural gas as  process fuel 
in conventional boiler)  46 55 
wheat ethanol (natural gas as  process fuel 
in CHP plant)  39 44 
wheat ethanol (straw as process  fuel in 
CHP plant)  26 26 
corn (maize) ethanol, Community  produced 
(natural gas as process fuel in CHP  plant)  37 43 
sugar cane  ethanol  24 24 
the part from renewable sources  of ETBE 
(ethyl -tertio -butyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the ethanol 
production pathway  used  
the part from renewable sources  of TAEE 
(tertiary -amyl -ethyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the ethanol 
production pathway  used  
rape seed  biodiesel  46 52 
sunflower  biodiesel  35 41 
soybean  biodiesel  50 58 
palm oil biodiesel (process not  specified)  54 68 
palm oil biodiesel (process with  methane 
capture at oil mill)  32 37 
waste vegetable or animal oil  biodiesel  10 14 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  rape seed  41 44 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  sunflower  29 32 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  palm oil 
(process not specified)  50 62 
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from  palm oil 
(process with methane capture at oil  mill)  27 29 
pure vegetable oil from rape  seed  35 36 
biogas from municipal organic  waste as 
compressed natural gas  17 23 
biogas from wet manure as  compressed 
natural gas  13 16 
biogas from dry manure as  compressed 
natural gas  12 15 
Biofuel production  pathway  Typical greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) Default greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) 
wheat straw  ethanol  3 3 Page 29 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20...Disaggregated values for processing  (including excess electricity): e  p - e ee ' as defined in Part C of this 
Annex  
Disaggregated values for transport and  distribution: ' e  td ' as defined in Part C of this Annex  
Total for cultivation, processing,  transport and distribution  waste wood  ethanol  1 1 
farmed wood  ethanol  6 6 
waste wood Fischer -Tropsch  diesel  1 1 
farmed wood Fischer -Tropsch  diesel  4 4 
waste wood DME  (dimethylether)  1 1 
farmed wood DME  (dimethylether)  5 5 
waste wood  methanol  1 1 
farmed wood  methanol  5 5 
the part from renewable sources  of 
MTBE (methyl -tertio -butyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the methanol 
production pathway  used  
Biofuel production  pathway  Typical greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) Default greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) 
wheat straw  ethanol  5 7 
wood  ethanol  12 17 
wood Fischer -Tropsch  diesel  0 0 
wood DME  (dimethylether)  0 0 
wood  methanol  0 0 
the part from renewable sources  of 
MTBE (methyl -tertio -butyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the methanol 
production pathway  used  
Biofuel production  pathway  Typical greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) Default greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) 
wheat straw  ethanol  2 2 
waste wood  ethanol  4 4 
farmed wood  ethanol  2 2 
waste wood Fischer -Tropsch  diesel  3 3 
farmed wood Fischer -Tropsch  diesel  2 2 
waste wood DME  (dimethylether)  4 4 
farmed wood DME  (dimethylether)  2 2 
waste wood  methanol  4 4 
farmed wood  methanol  2 2 
the part from renewable sources  of 
MTBE (methyl -tertio -butyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the methanol 
production pathway  used  Page 30 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
5/02/2009 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef= -//EP//TEXT+TA+P6 -TA-20... Biofuel production  pathway  Typical greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) Default greenhouse gas 
emissions  (gCO  2eq /MJ) 
wheat straw  ethanol  11 13 
waste wood  ethanol  17 22 
farmed wood  ethanol  20 25 
waste wood Fischer -Tropsch  diesel  4 4 
farmed wood Fischer -Tropsch  diesel  6 6 
waste wood DME  (dimethylether)  5 5 
farmed wood DME  (dimethylether)  7 7 
waste wood  methanol  5 5 
farmed wood  methanol  7 7 
the part from renewable sources  of 
MTBE (methyl -tertio -butyl -ether)  Equal to that  of the methanol 
production pathway  used  
(1)OJ L 273, 10.10.2002, p.  1.
 ANNEX
COMMISSION STATEMENT  
The Commission confirms that the 2% reductions mentioned in Article  7a(2), letter b) and c), are not binding and 
that the review will  address their non -binding character.  
Last updated: 19 December 2008 Legal  noticePage 31 of 31 Texts adopted - Wednesday, 17 December 2008 - Monitoring and reduction of gree ...
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