FINAL DRAFT UGANDA 
STANDARD  
  FDUS EAS 46
First Edition
2011-mm-dd
 
 Reference numbe r
FDUS EAS 46: 2011
© UNBS 2011
  
Dry beans — Specification 
 FDUS EAS 46: 2011 
i i                 ©  U N B S  2011 - All rights reserved 
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations 
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct application  
© UNBS 2011 
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in cluding photocopying and microfilm, without prior written 
permission from UNBS. 
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to 
The Executive Director 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
P.O. Box 6329 
Kampala  
Uganda 
Tel: 256 41 505 995 
Fax: 256 41 286 123 
E-mail: unbs@infocom.co.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  
 FDUS EAS 46: 2011 
© UNBS  2011 - All rights rese rved                iii National foreword 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry  of Tourism, Trade and 
Industry established under Cap 327, of the Laws of U ganda. UNBS is mandated to co-ordinate the elaboration 
of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex A limentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT/SPS Agr eements of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). 
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a gi ven field or area and consists of representatives of 
consumers, traders, academician s, manufacturers, governme nt and other stakeholders. 
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committ ee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council. 
This Final Draft Uganda Standard, FDUS EAS 46: 2011 , Dry beans — Specification, is identical with  and has 
been reproduced from an East African Standard, EAS 46: 2011 , Dry beans — Specification,  and is being 
proposed for adoption as a Uganda Standard.  
This standard was developed by the Food and agricu lture Standards Technical Committee (UNBS/TC 2).  
Wherever the words, “East African Standard" appea r, they should be replaced by "Uganda Standard." 
 
  EAS 46:2011
ICS 67.060
 
© EAC 2011 Second Edition 2011  
 
    
EAST AFRICAN STANDARD 
 
Dry beans — Specification  
 
                  
 
  
 
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  
 EAS 46:2011  
ii © EAC 2011 — All rights reserved  
 
Foreword 
 
Development of the East African Standards ha s been necessitated by the need for harmonizing 
requirements governing quality of products and services in East Africa. It is envisaged that through 
harmonized standardization, trade barriers which are encountered when goods and services are 
exchanged within the Comm unity will be removed.  
 In order to meet the above objectives, the EAC Partner States have enacted an East African 
Standardization, Quality Assurance, Metrology an d Test Act, 2006 (EAC SQMT Act, 2006) to make 
provisions for ensuring standardization, quality as surance, metrology and testing of products 
produced or originating in a third country and traded in the Community in order to facilitate industrial 
development and trade as well as helping to protect the health and safety of society and the 
environment in the Community. 
 East African Standards are formulat ed in accordance with the proc edures established by the East 
African Standards Committee. The East Afri can Standards Committee is established under the 
provisions of Article 4 of the EAC SQMT Act, 2006. The Committee is composed of representatives of the National Standards Bodies in Partner States, t ogether with the representatives from the private 
sectors and consumer organizations. Draft East African Standards are circ ulated to stakeholders 
through the National Standards Bodies in the Pa rtner States. The comments received are discussed 
and incorporated before finalization of standards, in accordance with the procedures of the 
Community.   Article 15(1) of the EAC SQMT Act, 2006 provides t hat “Within six months of the declaration of an 
East African Standard, the Partner States shall adopt, without deviation from the approved text of the 
standard, the East African Standard as a nationa l standard and withdraw any existing national 
standard with similar scope and purpose”. 
 
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep  pace with technological advances. Users of the 
East African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they  always have the latest versions of 
the standards they are implementing.   
© East African Community 2011 — All rights reserved
* 
East African Community  
P O Box 1096  Arusha 
 
Tanzania  Tel: 255 27 2504253/8 
Fax: 255-27-2504481/2504255 
E-Mail: eac@eachq.org
 
Web: www.each.int 
                                                 
* © 2011 EAC — All rights of exploitation in any form and by an y means reserved worldwide for EAC Partner States’ NSBs.  
 EAS 46:2011  
© EAC 2011 — All rights reserved iii  
Introduction 
 
 
This standard has been developed to take into account:  
⎯ the needs of the market for the product;  
 
⎯ the need to facilitate fair domestic, regional and international trade and prevent technical barriers 
to trade by establishing a common trading language for buyers and sellers. 
 ⎯ the structure of the CODEX, UNECE, USA, ISO and other internat ionally significant standards; 
 
⎯ the needs of the producers in gaining knowle dge of market standards, conformity assessment, 
commercial cultivars and crop production process; 
 
⎯ the need to transport the product in a manner that  ensures keeping of quality until it reaches the 
consumer; 
 ⎯ the need for the plant protection authority to certif y, through a simplified form, that the product is 
fit for cross-border and international trade without carrying plant disease vectors; 
 ⎯ the need to promote good agricultural practi ces that will enhance wider market access, 
involvement of small-scale traders and hence making farming a viable means of wealth creation; 
and 
 
⎯ the need to ensure a reliable production base of consistent and safe pulse crops that meet 
customer requirements. EAS 46:2011  
iv © EAC 2011 — All rights reserved  
Contents 
 
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................... ......... 1 
2 Normative references ......................................................................................................... 1  
3 Terms and de finitions ........................................................................................................ 2 
4 Quality Requirements ........................................................................................................ 3 
4.1 General requirements ................................................................................................. 3 
5 Contaminants .................................................................................................................. ... 4 
5.1 Heavy metals .............................................................................................................. 4 
5.2 Pesticide residues ....................................................................................................... 4  
5.3 Mycotoxin limits ........................................................................................................ 4 
6 Hygiene ....................................................................................................................... ....... 4 
7 Packaging ..................................................................................................................... ...... 5 
8 Labelling ..................................................................................................................... ....... 5 
9 Sampling methods .............................................................................................................. 6  
 EAS 46:2011  
© EAC 2011 — All rights reserved  1  
Dry beans — Specification  
 
 
1 Scope 
 
This East African Standard specifies requirements and methods of sampling and test for dry common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn) intended for human consumption 
 
 
2 Normative references 
 The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text constitute 
provisions of this East African Standard  
 
EAS 39, Hygiene in the food and drink manufacturing industry — Code of practice  
 
EAS 38, Labelling of prepackaged foods — Specification  
 
EAS 79, Cereals and pulses as grain — Methods of sampling  
 
EAS 217, Methods for the microbiological examination of foods  
 
ISO 520, Cereals and pulses — Determination of the mass of 1000 grains  
 
ISO 605 , Pulses — Determination of impurities, size, foreign odours, insects, and species and variety 
— Test methods 
 
ISO 4112, Cereals and pulses — Guidance on measurement of the temperature of grain stored in 
bulk 
 ISO 5223, Test sieves for cereals  
 ISO 5527, Cereals — Vocabulary  
 ISO 6322-1, Storage of cereals and pulses — Part 1: General recommendations for the keeping of 
cereals  
 ISO 6322-2, Storage of cereals and pulses — Part 2: Practical recommendations  
 
ISO 6322-3, Storage of cereals and pulses — Part 3: Control of attack by pests  
 
ISO 6639-1, Cereals and pulses — Determination of hidden insect infestation — Part 1: General 
principles  
 ISO 6639-2, Cereals and pulses — Determination of hidden insect infestation — Part 2: Sampling  
 ISO 6639-3, Cereals and pulses — Determination of hidden insect infestation — Part 3: Reference 
method  
 ISO 6639-4, Cereals and pulses — Determination of hi dden insect infestation — Part 4: Rapid 
methods  
 ISO 13690, Cereals, pulses and milled products — Sampling of static batches  
 
ISO 16002:2004, Stored cereal grains and pulses — Guidance on the detection of infestation by live 
invertebrates by trapping  
 
ISO 16050,  Foodstuffs — Determination of aflatoxin B 1, and the total content of aflatoxin B 1, B2, G 1 
and G 2 in cereals, nuts and derived products  — High performance liquid chromatographic method 
 EAST AFRICAN STANDARD EAS 46:2011  
2 © EAC 2011 — All rights reserved ISO/TS 16634-2, Food products — Determination of the total nitrogen content by combustion 
according to the Dumas principle and calculation of  the crude protein content — Part 2: Cereals, 
pulses and milled cereal products  
 
ISO 20483, Cereals and pulses — Determination of the ni trogen content and calculation of the crude 
protein content — Kjeldahl method  
 
 
ISO 24557, Pulses — Determination of moisture content — Air-oven method 
  
CODEX Stan 193, Codex general Standards for contaminants and toxins in Food and Feed 
 
 
3 Terms and definitions  
 
For the purposes of this standard, the followi ng definitions and grading factors shall apply: 
 3.1 damaged beans 
beans and pieces of beans that are materially damaged or discoloured by frost, weather, disease, 
weevils or other insects, or other causes so as to materially affect the appearance and quality of the 
beans 
 
3.2 
beans  
dry threshed field and garden beans, whole, broken, and split, commonly used for edible purposes  
3.3 
Broken/chipped/loose coat and split 
beans with some but less than one-fourth of each bean broken off or with one-fourth or more of the 
seedcoat removed.  
 3.4 
caps parts of the seed coat adhering to split or broken seed 
 3.5 clean-cut weevil-bored beans 
beans from which weevils have emer ged, leaving a clean-cut open cavity free from larvae, webbing, 
refuse, mould, or stain 
 
3.6 
germinated beans beans which have sprouted 
 3.7 mouldy beans 
beans with visible mycelial growth on their surface 
 3.8 shrivelled beans 
beans which are under-developed and wrinkled over their entire surface excluding wrinkled beans 
 
3.9 
defective refers to beans that have been damaged to some degree    
3.10 
foreign matter   
any extraneous matter than dry beans or other food grains comprising of  EAS 46:2011  
© EAC 2011 — All rights reserved  3 (a) "inorganic matter" includes metallic pieces, s hale, glass, dust, sand, gravel, stones, dirt, 
pebbles, lumps or earth, clay, mud and animal filth etc; 
 
(b) "organic matter" consisting of detached seedc oats, straws, weeds and other inedible grains etc. 
 
3.11 
splits 
pieces of beans that are not damaged, each of which consists of three-fourths or less of the whole 
bean, and shall include any sound bean the halves of which are held together loosely.  
 
4 Quality Requirements 
 
4.1 General requirements 
 
Dry beans shall meet the following general requ irements/limits as determined using the relevant 
standards listed in Clause 2. Cranberry beans 
 a) shall be the dried mature seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris  Linn;  
 b) shall be well-filled, clean, whol esome, uniform in size, and shape; 
 
c) shall be free from substances which rende r them unfit for human or animal consumption or 
processing into or utilisation thereof as food or feed; 
 d) shall be free from abnormal flavours, musty,  sour or other undesirable odour, obnoxious smell 
and discolouration;  
 
e) shall be free from micro-organisms and substances originating from micro-organisms, fungi or 
other poisonous or deleterious substances in amounts that may constitute a hazard to human 
health. 
 
4.2  Specific requirements 
 
4.2.1  Grading 
 Dry beans shall be graded into three grades on the bas is of the tolerable limits established in Table 1 
which shall be additional to the general requirements set out in this standard. 
 
4.2.2 Ungraded dry beans 
 
Shall be dry beans which do not fall within the requirements of Grades 1, 2, and 3 of this standard but 
are not rejected dry beans. 
 
Note: For Tanzania and Burundi this requirement shall not apply.  
 4.2.3 Reject grade dry beans 
 Reject dry beans shall be beans which are musty, sour, heating, materially weathered, or weevily; 
which have any commercially objectionable odour; whic h contain insect webbing or  filth, animal filth, 
any unknown foreign substance, brok en glass, or metal fragments; or which are otherwise of distinctly 
low quality. The characteristics are not within the pa rameters specified in Table 1. They cannot satisfy 
the conditions of under grade dry beans and shall be graded as reject dry beans and shall be regarded as unfit for human or animal consumption. 
 EAS 46:2011  
4 © EAC 2011 — All rights reserved Table 1 — Specific requirements 
 
Charateristics Maximum limits Method of test
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 
Foreign matter, % m/m 0.5 0.75 1 
ISO 605 Inorganic matter, % m/m 0.1 0.2 0.3 
Other edible grains, % m/m 0.1 0.2 0.5 
Pest damaged grains, % m/m 1 2 3 
Heat Damaged grains, % m/m 0.1 0.2 0.5 
Contrasting varieties %m/m 0.5 1 1.5 
Broken/split % m/m  1 2 3 
Discoloured %m/m  1 1 1 
Total Defectives Grains, % m/m 2 3.5 5.5 
Filth, % m/m 0.1 0.1 0.1 
Moisture, % m/m 13.0 13.0 13.0 ISO 24557 
Total Aflatoxin (AFB1+AFB2+AFG1 
+AFG2)), ppb max 10 
ISO 16050 Aflatoxin B1 only, ppb max 5 
Fumonisin ppm max 2 
 
5 Contaminants 
 
5.1 Heavy metals 
 
Dry beans shall comply with those maximum limits  for heavy metals established by the Codex 
Alimentarius Commission for this commodity.  
 
5.2 Pesticide residues 
 Dry beans shall comply with those maximum pesticide residue limits established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission for this commodity  
 
Note: where the use of certain pesticides is prohibited by so me Partner States, then it sh all be notified to all Partner 
States accordingly. 
5.3 Mycotoxin limits 
 Dry beans shall comply with those maximum mycoto xin limits established by the Codex Alimentarius 
Commission for this commodity. In particular, to tal aflatoxin levels in dry beans for human 
consumption shall not exceed 10 µg/kg (ppb) with B
1 not exceeding 5 µg/kg (ppb) when tested 
according to ISO 16050. 
 
6 Hygiene 
 
6.1 Dry beans  shall be produced, prepared and handled in  accordance with the provisions of 
appropriate sections of EAS 39   
6.2 When tested by appropriate standards of samp ling and examination listed in Clause 2, the 
products: 
 
⎯ shall be free from microorganisms in amounts which may represent a hazard to health and shall 
not exceed the limits stipulated in Table 2; 
 
⎯ shall be free from parasites which may represent a hazard to health; and 
 EAS 46:2011  
© EAC 2011 — All rights reserved  5 ⎯ shall not contain any substance originating from  microorganisms in amounts which may represent 
a hazard to health. 
Table 2 — Microbiological limits 
 
 Type of micro-organism Limits Test method 
i)  Yeasts and moulds, max. per g 104  
 
EAS 217 
 ii) S.aureus  per 25 g Not 
detectable 
iii) E. Coli , max. per g Not 
detectable
iv) Salmonella, max. per 25 g  Not 
detectable
 
7 Packaging 
 
7.1 Dry beans shall be packed in suitable packages which shall be clean, sound, free from insect, 
fungal infestation and the packing material shall be of food grade quality. 
 7.2 Dry beans shall be packed in containers which will saf eguard the hygien ic, nutritional, 
technological and organoleptic qualities of the products.  7.3 The containers, including packaging material, shall be made of substances which are safe 
and suitable for their intended use. They shall not impart any toxic substance or undesirable odour or 
flavour to the product.  
7.4 Each package shall contain dry beans of the same type and of the same grade designation. 
 
7.5  If dry beans are presented in bags, the bags s hall also be free of pests and contaminants. 
 7.6 Each package shall be securely closed and sealed. 
 
8 Labelling 
 8.1 In addition to the requirements in EAS 38, each  package shall be legibl y and indelibly marked 
with the following: 
 
i) product name as “Dry beans”; 
 
ii) variety;  
iii) grade; 
 
iv) name, address and physical locati on of the producer/ packer/importer; 
 
v) lot/batch/code number;  
vi) net weight, in kg; 
 
Note: EAC partner states are signatory to the Intern ational Labour Organizations (ILO) for maximum package 
weight of 50kg where human loading and offloading is involved 
 
vii) the declaration “Food for Human Consumption’’  
viii) storage instruction as “Store in a c ool dry place away from any contaminants’’; 
 
ix) crop year; 
 
x) packing date;  EAS 46:2011  
6 © EAC 2011 — All rights reserved xi) instructions on disposal of used package; 
 
xii) country of origin; 
 xiii) a declaration on whether the dry beans were genetically modified or not. 
 
 9 Sampling methods 
 
Sampling shall be done in accordan ce with the EAS 79/ISO 13690. 
 EAS 46:2011  
© EAC 2011 — All rights reserved