- 1 - ICS 13.300  
A 80  
 
 
 
National Standard  
of the People's Republic of China  
 
 
GB13690 -200X  
 Replaces GB 13690 -1992  
 
 
General rule for classification and hazard 
communication of chemicals  
 
 
 
  
Draft for approval  
 
15 May 2008  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Issue Date: XXXX – XX – XX Implementation Date: XXXX – XX – XX 
 
 
 
Issued by General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and 
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China and  
 
Standardisation Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC)  
 
- 2 -  
Foreword  
Clauses 4 a nd 5 of this Standard are mandatory, whilst the rest are recommended.  
 
The conformity degree of this Standard and the second revised edition of “ Globally Harmonised 
System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals ” (GHS) (ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.2) is non -
equivalent; the technical content of this Standard is identical to GHS on the basis of Standard text 
format conducted editing amendments in accordance with GB/T 1.1 -2000.  
 
This Standard replaces GB 13690 -1992, “Classification and labelling of hazardous chem icals in 
common use”.  
 
The main differences between this Standard when compared to GB 13690 -1992 are:  
 
− the name of the standard has been changed to “General rule for classification and hazard 
communication of chemicals”;  
− this Standard classifies chemical hazards in accordance with the requirements of GHS;  
− this Standard specifies chemical hazard communication rules in accordance with the 
requirements of GHS.  
 
Appendices A, B, C and D are all informative annexes.  
 
This Standard is proposed by and is under th e jurisdiction of the Dangerous Chemicals Management 
of the Standardisation Administration of China (TC251).  
 
The organisations that participated in the drafting of this Standard are:  
Zhonghua Chemical Industry Institute of Standardisation;  
Shandong Entry -Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau;  
Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry;  
Jiangsu Entry -Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau.  
 
The drafters of this Standard are:  
Wang Xiaobing, Zhang Shaoyan, Yang Yi, Mei Jian, Tang Lijun, Che Lidong, Che n Huiming, 
Zhang Junxi, Zhou Wei.  
 
This Standard was first issued in 1992.  
 - 3 -            
General rule for classification and hazard communication of chemicals  
 
 1  Scope  
This Standard specifies the classification and hazard communication for chemicals concernin g 
GHS.  
 
This Standard applies to the classification and hazard communication of chemicals. This Standard 
also applies to the labelling of chemical production places and consumer goods.  
 2  Normative References  
The provisions of the following documents become provisions of this Standard after being 
referenced. For dated reference documents, all later amendments (excluding corrigenda) and 
versions do not apply to this Standard ; however, the parties to the agreement are encouraged to 
study whether the latest vers ions of these documents are applicable. For undated reference 
documents, the latest versions apply to this Standard.  
 
GB/T 17519 Safety data sheet for chemical products (GB/T 17509 -2008 ISO/DIS 11014:2008, 
IDT)  
 
GB 20576 Safety rules for classification, pr ecautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Explosives  
 
GB 20577 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Flammable gases  
 
GB 20578 Safety rules for classification, precautio nary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Flammable aerosols  
 
GB20579 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Oxidi sing gases  
 
GB 20580 Safety rules for classification, precautio nary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Gases under pressure  
 
GB 20581 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Flammable liquids  
 
GB 20582 Safety rules for classification, prec autionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Flammable solids  
 
GB 20583 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Self-reactive substances  
 
GB 20584 Safety rules for classificati on, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Self-heating substances  
 
GB 20585 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of - 4 - chemicals – Pyrophoric liquids  
 
GB 20586 Safety rules for cla ssification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals - Pyrophoric solids  
 
GB 20587 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases  
 
GB 20588 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Corrosive to metals  
 
GB 20589 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Oxidizing liquids  
 
GB 20590 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Oxidizing solids  
 
GB 20591 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals  – Organic peroxides  
 
GB 20592 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Acute toxicity  
 
GB 20593 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Skin corrosion/ irritation  
 
GB 20594 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Serious eye damage/ eye irritation  
 
GB 20595 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precaution ary statements of 
chemicals - Respiratory or skin sensitization  
 
GB 20596 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Germ cell mutagenicity  
 
GB 20597 Safety rules for classification, precautionary l abelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals - Carcinogenicity  
 
GB 20598 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Reproductive toxicity  
 
GB 20599 Safety rules for classification, precautiona ry labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Specific target organ systemic toxicity – Single exposure  
 
GB 20601 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Specific target organ systemic  toxicity – Repeated exposure  
 
GB 20602 Safety rules for classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
chemicals – Hazardous to the aquatic environment  
 - 5 - GB ***** 200* Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) set Standards  
 
ISO 11683:1997 P ackaging – Tactile warnings of danger – Requirements  
 
International Programme on Chemical Safety/ Environmen tal Health Criteria Document No 225, 
“Principles for evaluating health risks to reproduction associated with exposure to chemicals”.  
 3  Terms , definit ions and a bbreviations  
The terms a nd definitions specified in Standards GB20576 ~  GB20599; GB20601, GB20602  
transformed from GHS and the terms and  definitions listed below apply to this Standard.  
 3.1 Alloy  
A metallic material, homogeneous on a macroscopic scal e, consisting of two or more element s 
combined so that they cannot be readily separated by mechanical means. Alloy s are considered to 
be mixtures for the purpose of classification under GHS.  
 3.2 BOD/COD  
Biochemical oxygen demand  / chemical oxygen demand.  
 3.3  Chem ical identity  
A nam e that uniquely identifies  a chemical. This can be a name that conforms to  the nomenclature 
systems of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry  (IUPAC) or the Chemical 
Abstracts Service  (CAS), or a technical name.  
 3.4  Competent  authority  
Any national body /bodies  or authority /authorities  designated or otherwise recogni sed as such in 
connection with the Globally Harmoni sed System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals  
(GHS).  
 3.5  Compressed gas  
A gas which when packaged under pr essure is entirely gaseous at -50oC; this includ es all gases with 
the critical temperature  -50oC. 
 3.6  EC 50 
The effective concentration of substance s that causes 50% of the maximum response.  
 3.7  Flash point  
The lowest temperature (corrected to a standard pressure of 101.3kPa) at which the application of 
an ignition source causes the vapours of a liqu id to ignite under specified test conditions;  
 3.8 Food and agriculture organi sation of the UN FAO  
Food and agriculture organi sation of the United Nations.  - 6 -  3.9 Globally harmoni sed system of classification and labelling of chemicals GHS  
Globally harmoni sed system of  classification and labelling of chemicals.  
 3.10 Hazard category  
The division of criteria within each hazard class, e.g. oral acute toxicity includes five hazard 
categories and flammable liquids include four hazard categories. These categories compare hazard 
severity within a hazard class and should not be taken as a comparison of hazard categories more 
generally.  
 3.11 Hazard class  
The nature of physical, heal th or environmental hazard, e.g.  flammable solids, carcinogen, or oral 
acute toxicity.  
 3.12 Hazard statement  
A sta tement assigned to a hazard class and categories that describes the nature of the hazards of a 
hazardous product, including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard.  
 3.13 Initial boiling point  
The temperature of a liquid at which its vapour pressure is equal to  the standard pressure 
(101.3kPa), i.e. the first gas bubble appears.  
 3.14 Label  
An appropriate group of written, printed or graphic information elements  relating to  a hazardous 
product, selected as rel evant to the target sector(s), which  is affixed to, printed  on, or attached to the 
immediate container of a hazardous product, or to the outside packaging of a hazardous product.  
 3.15 Label element  
One type of information that has been harmoni sed for use in a label, e.g. pictogram, signal words.  
 3.16 OECD (organi sation for economic co -operation and development)  
Organi sation for Economic  Co-operation and Development.  
 3.17 Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods, model regulations  
Approved by the Economic and Trade Branch of United Nation, published as an attachment to the 
Recommendation s on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, entitled  “Recommendation s on the 
Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations ”, and any published amendments thereto.  
 3.18 Pictogram  
A graphic composition that may include a symbol plus other graphic e lements, such as a boarder, 
background pattern or colour that is intended to convey specific information.  - 7 -  3.19 NOEC  
No observed effect concentration.  
 3.20 L(E)C 50 
LC 50 or EC 50. 
 3.21 Precautionary statement  
A phrase (and/or pictogram) that describes recommended measures t hat should be taken to 
minimi se or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous product, or improper 
storage or handling of a hazardous product.  
 3.22 Product identifier  
The name or number used for a hazardous product on a label or in the SDS. It provides a unique 
means by which the product user can identify the substance or mixture within the particular use 
setting e.g. transport, consumer or workplace.  
 3.23 Signal word  
A word used to indicate the relative level of severity of hazard and  to alert th e reader to a potential 
hazard on the label. GHS uses “Danger” and “Warning” as signal words.  
 3.24 Symbol  
A graphic element intended to succinctly convey information.  
 4 Classification  
 4.1 Physical hazard  
 4.1.1 Explosives  
See GB 20576 for the classification, precautionary l abelling and precautionary statements of 
explosives.  
4.1.1.1  An explosives substance  (or mixture) is a solid or liquid substance (or mixture of 
substances) which is in itself capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature 
and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage to the surroundings. Pyrotechnic substances 
are included even when they do not evolve gases.  
A pyrotechnic substance (or mixture) is a substance or mixture of substances designed to produce 
an effect by heat, light, s ound, gas or smoke or a combination of these as a result of non -detonative 
self-sustaining exothermic chemical reactions.  
An explosives article is an article containing one or more explosive substances or mixtures.  
A pyrotechnic article is an article conta ining one or more pyrotechnic substances or mixtures.  
4.1.1.2  The class of explosives comprises:  
a) explosives substances and mixtures;  
b) explosives articles, except devices containing explosives substances or mixtures in such - 8 - quantity or of such a character th at their inadvertent or accidental ignition or initiation shall 
not cause any effect external to the device either by projection, fire, smoke, heat or loud 
noise.  
c) Substances, mixtures or articles not mentioned under (a) and (b) above which are 
manufactured  with the view to producing a practical, explosive or pyrotechnic effect.  
 4.1.2 Flammable gases  
See GB 20577  for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of  
flammable gases.  
A flammable gas is a gas with a flammable range with air  at 20oC and a standard pressure of 
101.3kPa.  
 4.1.3 Flammable aerosols  
See GB 20578 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of  
flammable aerosols.  
Aerosols  also means aerosol dispensers, are any non -refillable receptacles mad e of metal, glass or 
plastics and containing a gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure, with or without a 
liquid, paste or powder, and fitted with a release device allowing the contents to be ejected as solid 
or liquid particles in suspension  in gas, as a foam, paste or powder or in a liquid state or in a 
gaseous state.  
 4.1.4 Oxidi sing gases  
See GB 20579  for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of  
oxidi sing gases.  
An oxidi sing gas is any gas which may, generally b y providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the 
combustion of other material more than air does.  
 4.1.5 Gases under pressure  
See GB 20580  for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of gases 
under pressure.  
Gases under pressure are  gases which are contained in a receptacle at a pressure of 200kPa (gauge) 
or more ; or which are liquefied or liquefied and refrigerated.  
They comprise compressed gases, liquefied gases, dissolved gases and refrigerated liquefied gases.  
 4.1.6 Flammable liquids  
See GB 20581 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of  
flammable liquids.  
A flammable liquid is a liquid with a flash point of not more than 93oC. 
 4.1.7 Flammable solids  
See GB 20582 for the classification, precautionary labe lling and precautionary statements of 
flammable solids.  - 9 - A flammable solid is a solid which is readily combustible, or may cause or contribute to fire 
through friction.  
Readily combustible solids are powdered, granular, or paste substances which are dangero us if they 
can be easily ignited by brief contact with an ignition source, such as a burning match, and if the 
flame spreads rapidly.  
 4.1.8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures  
See GB 20583 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precaut ionary state ments of  self-
reactive substances and mixtures.  
4.1.8.1  Self -reactive substances and mixtures are thermally unstable liquid or solid substances or 
mixture s liable to undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition even without  the involvement  of 
oxygen (air). This definition excludes substances and mixtures classified under the GHS as 
explosives, organic peroxides or as oxidi sing. 
4.1.8.2  A self -reactive substance or mixture is r egarded as possessing explosive  properties when in 
laboratory testing the formulati on is liable to detonate, to deflagrate rapidly or to show a violent 
effect when heated under confinement.  
 4.1.9 Pyrophoric liquids  
See GB 20585  for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of  
pyrophoric liquids.  
A pyrophoric liq uid is a liquid which, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes 
after coming into contact with air.  
 4.1.10 Pyrophoric solids  
See GB 20586 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
pyrophoric solids.  
A pyrophoric solid is a solid which, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes 
after coming into contact with air.  
 4.1.11 Self-heating substances and mixtures  
See GB 20584  for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary st atements of self -
heating substances and mixtures.  
A self -heating substance or  mixture is a solid  or liquid substance or mixture  other than a pyr ophoric 
liquid or solid, which is liable to self -heat in a reaction with air and without an energy supply ; this 
substance or mixture differs from a pyrophoric liquid or solid in that it will only ignite  in a large 
amount (kilograms) and after long periods of time (hours or days).  
Note: self -heating of substances or mixtures, leading to spontaneous combustion, is cau sed 
by the reaction of the substance or mixture with oxygen (in the air) and the heat developed 
not being conducted away rapidly enough into the surroundings. Spontaneous combustion 
occurs when the rate of heat production exceeds the rate of heat loss and the auto -ignition 
temperature is reached.  
 4.1.12 Substances and mixtures which  emit flammable gases when in contact with water  
See GB 20587 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of - 10 - substances  and mixtures which emit flammabl e gases  when they come into contact with water . 
Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases are solid or liquid 
substances or mixtures which, by interaction with water, are liable to become spontaneous ly 
flammabl e or give off  flammable gases in dangerous quantities.  
 4.1.13 Oxidi sing liquids  
See GB 20589 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of  
oxidi sing liquids.  
An oxidi sing liquid is a liquid which, while  in itself  not necessarily combustible, may generally, by 
yielding oxygen, cause or contribute  to the combustion of other materials.  
 4.1.14 Oxidis ing solids  
See GB 20590  for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of  
oxidi sing solids.  
An oxidi sing solid is a solid which , while in itself is not necessarily combustible, may generally , by 
yielding  oxygen, cause or contribute to  the combustion of other materials.  
 4.1.15 Organic peroxides  
See GB 20591 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of  
organic peroxides.  
4.1.15.1  Organic peroxides are liquid or solid organic substances which contain the bivalent -0-0- 
structure and may be considered derivatives of hydrogen peroxides, where one or both of the 
hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic rad icals. The term also includes organic peroxides 
formulations (mixtures). Organic peroxides are thermally unstable substances or mixtures  which  
may undergo exothermic self -accelerating decomposition. In addition, they may have one or more 
of the following p roperties:  
a) liable to explosive decomposition;  
b) burn rapidly;  
c) sensitive to impact or friction;  
d) react dangerously with other substances.  
4.1.15.2  An organic peroxide is regarded as possessing explosive properties when in laboratory 
testing the formulation is liable to detonate, to deflagrate rapidly or to show a violent effect when 
heated under confinement.  
 4.1.16 Metal corrosive substances or mixtures  
See GB 20588 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of metal 
corrosive substan ces or mixtures.  
A substance or mixture which is corrosive to metals is a substance or mixture which by chemical 
action will materially damage, or even destroy metals.  - 11 -  4.2 Health hazard  
 4.2.1 Acute toxicity  
See GB 20592 for the classification, precautionary labellin g and precautionary statements of  acute 
toxicity.  
Acute toxicity refers to  adverse effects  which occur  following oral or dermal administration of a 
single dose of a substance, or multiple doses given within 24 hours, or an inhalation exposure of 4 
hours.  
 4.2.2 Skin corrosion/ irritation  
See GB 20593 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of the 
skin corrosion/ irritation.  
Skin corrosion is the production of irreversible damage to the skin ; namely, visible necroses through 
the epidermis and into the dermis following the application of a test substance for up to 4 hours.  
Corrosive reactions are typified by ulcers, bleeding, blood scabs, and by the end of observation at 
14 days, by discolouration due to the blanching of the skin , complete areas of alopecia, and scars. 
Histopathology should be considered to evaluate questionable lesions.  
Skin irritation is the production of reversible damage to the skin following the application of a test 
substance up to 4 hours.  
 4.2.3 Serious eye damag e/ eye irritation  
See GB 20594 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of the 
serious eye damage/ eye irritation.  
Serious eye damage is the production of tissue damage in the eye, or serious physical decay of 
vision, fo llowing application of a test substance to the anterior surface of the eye, which is not fully 
reversible within 21 days of application.  
Eye irritation is the production of changes in the eye following the application of test substance to 
the anterior surf ace of the eye, which are fully reversible within 21 days of application.  
 4.2.4 Respiratory or skin sensiti sation  
See GB 20595 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
respiratory or skin sensiti sation.  
4.2.4.1  A respirator y sensiti ser is a substance that will lead to hypersensitivity of the airways 
following inhalation of the substance. A skin sensiti ser is a substance that will lead to an allergic 
response following contact  with the skin . 
4.2.4.2  Sensitis ation includes two  phases: the first phase is induction of speciali sed immunological 
memory in an individual by exposure to an allergen. The second phase is elicitation, i.e. production 
of a cell -mediated or antibody -mediated allergic response by exposure of a sensiti sed in dividual to 
an allergen.  
4.2.4.3  For respiratory sensiti sation, the pattern of induction followed by elicitation phases is shared 
in common with skin sensiti sation. For skin sensiti sation, an induction phase is required in which 
the immune system learns to  react; clinical symptoms can then arise when subsequent exposure is 
sufficient to elicit a visible skin reaction (elicitation phase). Consequently,  predictive tests usually - 12 - follow this pattern in which there is an individual phase, the response to which i s measured by a 
standardi sed elicitation phase, typically involving a patch test. The local lymph node assay is the 
exception, directly measuring the induction response. Evidence of skin sensiti sation in humans is 
normally assessed using  a diagnostic patch  test.  
4.2.4.4  Usually for both skin and respiratory sensiti sation, lower levels are necessary for elicitation 
than are required for induction. Provisions for alerting sensitized individuals to the p resence of a 
particular sensitis er in a mixture shall be  specified.  
 4.2.5 Germ cell mutagenicity  
4.2.5.1  See GB 20596 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
germ cell mutagenicity.  
4.2.5.2  This hazard class is  primarily concerned with chemicals that may cause mutations in the  
germ cells of humans that can be transmitted to the progeny. However, mutagenicity /genotoxicity 
tests in vitro and in mammalian somatic cells in vivo are also considered in classifying substances 
and mixtures within this hazard class.  
4.2.5.3  In the pres ent context, the commonly found definition s of the terms mutagenic, mutagen, 
mutations and genotoxic are used. A mutation is defined as a permanent change to the amount or 
structure of the genetic material in cell.  
4.2.5.4  The term mutation applies both to  heritable genetic changes that may be manifested at the 
phenotypic level and to the underlying DNA modifications when known (including, for example, 
specific base pair changes and chromosomal translocations). The term mutagenic and mutagen will 
be used fo r agents giving rise to an increased occurrence of mutations in populations of cells and/or 
organisms.  
4.2.5.5  The more general term  genotoxicity apply to agents or processes which alter the structure, 
information content, or segregation of DNA, including  those which cause DNA damage by 
interfering with normal replication processes, or which in a non -physiological manner (temporarily) 
alter its replication. Genotoxicity test results are usually taken as indicators for mutagenic effects.  
 4.2.6 Carcinogenicity  
4.2.6.1 See GB 20597 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of 
carcinogenicity.  
4.2.6.2  The term carcinogen denotes a chemical substance or a mixture of chemical substances 
which induce cancer or increase the occurrence t hereof . Substances which have induced benign and 
malignant tumours in well -performed experimental studies on animals are considered also to be 
presumed or suspected human carcinogens unless there is strong evidence that the mechanism of 
the tumour formatio n is not relevant for humans.  
4.2.6.3  The c lassification of chemical s as posing a carcinogenic hazard is based on the inherent 
properties of the substance and does not provide information on the level of the  risk of  human 
cancer which the use of the chemic al may represent.  
 4.2.7 Reproductive toxicity  
See GB 20598 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of the 
reproductive toxicity.  
4.2.7.1  Reproductive toxicity  - 13 - Reproductive toxicity includes adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in adult males and 
females, as well as developmental toxicity in offspring. The definitions presented below are adapted 
from those agreed in International Programme on Chemical Safety/Environmental Health Criteria 
Document No  225. 
In this cla ssification system, reproductive toxicity is subdivided under two main headings:  
(a) Adverse effects on sexual function and fertility;  
(b) Adverse effects on development of the offspring.  
Some reproductive toxic effects cannot be assigned to either impairment or s exual function and 
fertility or to development toxicity. Nonetheless, chemicals with these effects would be classified as 
reproductive toxicants with a general hazard statement.  
4.2.7.2  Adverse effects on sexual function and fertility  
Any effect of chemica ls that would interfere with sexual function and fertility. This  include s, but is 
not limited to, alteration to the female or male reproductive system, adverse effects on  the onset of 
puberty, gamete production an d transport, normality of the reproductive cycle , sexual behaviour, 
fertility, parturition, pregnancy outcomes, premature productive senescence, or modifications  to 
other functions that are dependent on the integ rity of the reproductive system . 
Adverse effects on or via lactation are also included in reproductive toxicity, but for classification 
purposes, such effects are treated separately. This is because it is desirable to be able to classify 
chemicals specifically for an adverse effect on lactation so that a specific hazard warning about 
these effects can be provided for lactating mothers.  
4.2.7.3  Adverse effects on development of offspring  
Taken in its widest sense, developmental toxicity includes any effects which interferes with normal 
development of the conceptus, either before or after birt h, and resulting from exposure of either 
parent prior to conception, or exposure of developing offspring during prenatal development, or 
post-natally, to the time of sexual maturation. However, it is considered that classification under the 
heading of deve lopmental toxicity is primarily intended to provide a hazard warning for pregnant 
women and men and women of reproductive capability. Therefore, for pragmatic purposes of 
classification, developmental toxicity essentially means adverse effects induced duri ng pregnancy, 
or as a result of parental exposure. These effects can be manifested at any point in the life span of 
the organism.  
The major manifestations of development toxicity include:  
a) death of the developing organism;  
b) structural abnormality;  
c) altered gr owth;  
d) functional deficiency.  
 4.2.8 Special target organ toxicity – Single exposure  
See GB 20599 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of special 
target organ toxicity – single exposure.  
4.2.8.1  The purpose of this section i s to provide a means for classifying substances and mixtures 
that produce specific, non lethal target organ toxicity arising from a single exposure. All significant 
health effects that can impair function, reversible  and irreversible, immediate and/or dela yed and 
not specifically addressed in  Article 4.2.1 to Article 4.2.7 are included.  - 14 - 4.2.8.2  Classification identifies the substance or mixture as being a specific target organ toxicant 
and, as such, it may present a potential for adverse health effects in p eople who are exposed to it.  
4.2.8.3  Classification depends upon the availability of reliable evidence that a single exposure to the 
substance or mixture has produced a consistent and iden tifiable toxic effect in humans  or, in 
experimental animals, toxicol ogically significant changes which have effected the function or 
morphology of a tissue /organ, or has produced serious changes to the biochemistry or haematology 
of the organism which  are relevant  to human health. It is recogni sed that human data will be the 
primary source of evidence for this hazard class.  
4.2.8.4  Assessment should take into consideration not only sufficient changes in a single organ or 
biological system but also generali sed changes of a less severe nature involving several organs.  
4.2.8. 5 Specific target organ toxicity can occur by any route that is relevant for humans, i.e. 
principally oral, dermal or inhalation.  
 4.2.9 Special target organ toxicity – Repeated exposure  
See GB 20601 for the classification, precautionary labelling and precautiona ry statements of special 
target organ toxicity – repeated exposure.  
4.2.9.1  The purpose of this section is to provide a means of classifying substances that produce 
specific target organ toxicity arising from repeated exposure. All significant health effec ts that can 
impair function, reversible and irreversible, immediate and/or delayed are included.  
4.2.9.2  Classification identifies the substance or mixture as being a specific target organ toxicant 
and, as such, it may present a potential for adverse healt h effects in people who are exposed to it.  
4.2.9.3  Classification depends upon the availability of reliable evidence that repeated exposures to 
the substance or mixture has produced a consistent and identifiable toxic effect in humans, or, in 
experimental animals, toxicologically significant changes which have affected the function or 
morphology of a tissue /organ, or has produced serious changes to the biochemistry or haematology 
of the organism and these changes are relevant for human health. It is recogn ised that human data 
will be the primary source of evidence for this hazard class.  
4.2.9.4  Assessment should take into consideration not only sufficient changes in a single organ or 
biological system but also generali sed changes of a less severe nature inv olving several organs.  
4.2.9.5  Specific target organ toxicity can occur by any route that is relevant for humans, i.e. 
principally oral, dermal or inhalation.  
 4.2.10 Aspiration hazard  
Note: this hazard is not  yet included in  a Chinese  National Standard.  
4.2.10.1  The purpose of this Article is to provide a means  for classifying substances or mixtures that 
may pose an aspiration toxicity hazard to humans.  
4.2.10.2  “Aspiration” means the entry of a liquid or solid chemical product directly through the oral 
or nasal c avity, or indirectly from vomiting, into the trachea and lower respiratory system.  
4.2.10.3  Aspiration toxicity includes severe acute affects such as chemical pneumonia, varying 
degrees of pulmonary injury or death following aspiration.  
4.2.10.4  Aspiration  is initiated at the moment of inspiration, in the time required to take one breath, 
as the causative material lodges at the crossroad of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts in the 
laryngopharyngeal region.  - 15 - 4.2.10.5  Aspiration of a substance or mixt ure can occur as it is vomited following ingestion. This 
may have consequences for labelling, particularly where, due to acute toxicity, a recommendation 
may be considered to induce vomiting after ingestion. However,  if the substance/mixture also 
presents an aspiration toxicity hazard, the recommendation to induce vomiting may need to be 
modified.  
4.2.10.6  Specific consideration  
a) A review of the medical literature on chemical aspiration revealed that some hydrocarbons 
(petroleum distillates) and certain chlo rinated hydrocarbons have been shown to pose an 
aspiration haz ard in humans. Primary alcohols  and ketones have been shown to pose an 
aspiration hazard only in animal studies.  
b) While a methodology for determination of aspiration hazard in animals has been ut ilised, it 
has not been standardi sed. Positive experimental evidence with animals can only serve as a 
guide to possible aspiration toxicity in humans. Particular care must be taken in evaluating 
animal data for aspiration hazards.  
c) The classification criter ia refer to kinematic viscosity. The following provides the 
conversion between dynamic and kinematic viscosity:  
Dynamic viscosity (mpa x s) / density (g/ cm3) = kinematic viscosity (mm2 /s) 
d) Classification of aerosol/mist products  
Aerosol and mist products are usually dispensed in containers such as self -pressuri sed 
containers, trigger and pump sprayers. The key to classifying these products is whether a 
pool of product is formed in the mouth, which may be then aspirated. If the mist or aerosol 
from a pressu rised container is fine, a pool may be formed. On the other hand, if a 
pressuri sed container dispenses  a product in a stream, a pool may be formed that may then 
be aspirated. Usually, the mist produced by a trigger and pump sprayer is coarse and 
therefor e a pool may be formed , which may then be aspirated. If  the pump mechanism may 
be removed and contents may be swallowed , then the classification of the products should 
be considered.  
 4.3 Environmental hazard  
 4.3.1 Hazard to the aquatic environment  
See GB 20602 for the  classification, precautionary labelling and precautionary statements of  hazard 
to aquatic environment.  
4.3.2  Acute aquatic toxicity means the intrinsic prope rty of a substance to be detrimental  to an 
organism in a short -term exposure to that substance.  
a) Availability of a substance means the extent to which this substance becomes a soluble or a 
disaggregate species. For metal availability, the extent to which the metal iron portion of a 
metal (Mo) compound can disaggregate from the rest of the compound (mole cule);  
b) Bioavailability (or biological availability) means the extent to which a substance is taken up 
by an organism, and distributed to an area within the organism. It is dependent upon 
physico -chemical properties of the substance, anatomy and physiology of the organism, 
pharmacokinetics, and route of exposure. Availability is not a prerequisite for bio 
availability.  
c) Bioaccumulation means  the net result of uptake, transformation and elimination of a - 16 - substance in an organism due to all routes of exposure (i .e. air, water, sediment /soil and 
food);  
d) Bioconcentration means the net result of uptake, transformation and elimination of 
substance in an organism due to waterborne exposure.  
e) Chronic aquatic toxicity means  the potential or actual properties of a substan ce to cause 
adverse effects to aquatic organisms during exposure which are determined in relation to the 
life-cycle of the organism.  
f) Complex mixtures or multi -component substances or complex substances means mixtures 
comprising a complex mix of individual substances with different solubilities and physico -
chemical properties. In most cases, they can be characteri sed as a homologous series of 
substances with a certain range of carbon chain length/number of degree of substitution.  
g) Degradation means the decom position of organic molecules to smaller molecules and 
eventually to carbon dioxide, water and salts.  
4.3.3 Basic elements:  
a) the basic elements are:  
acute aquatic toxicity;  
potential for or actual bioaccumulation;  
degradation (biotic or abiotic) for organic  chemicals; and  
chronic aquatic toxicity.  
b) Data from international harmoni sed test metho ds are preferred, but  it has been agreed that , 
in general,  freshwater and marine species toxicity data can be considered as equivalent data, 
which  suggest that according  to the principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), comply 
with the serial standards such as GB**** - 200* from the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), 
using the OECT Test Guidelines or equivalent test standards.  
4.3.4 Acute aquatic toxicity  
4.3.5 Bioaccumul ation potential  
4.3.6 Rapid degradability  
a) Environmental degradation may be biotic or abiotic (e.g. hydrolysis).  
b) Abiotic degradation such as hydrolysis, primary degradation, both biotic and abiotic, 
degradation in non -aquatic media and proven rapid degrad ation in the environment may all 
be considered in defining rapid degradability.  
4.3.7 Chronic aquatic toxicity  
Chronic toxicity data are less available than acute data and the range of testing procedures less 
standardi sed. - 17 -  5 Hazard communication  
 5.1 Hazard commu nication: labelling  
 5.1.1 Labelling scope  
The following sections describe the procedures for preparing labels in the GHS:  
a) allocation of label elements;  
b) reproduction of the symbols;  
c) reproduction of hazard pictograms;  
d) signal words;  
e) hazard statements;  
f) precautionary  statements and pictograms;  
g) product and supplier identification;  
h) multiple hazard and precedence of information;  
i) arrangements for presenting GHS label elements;  
j) special labelling arrangements.  
 5.1.2 Label elements  
Each hazard class details the label elements (sym bol, signal word, hazard statement) that have been 
assigned to each of the hazard categories of the GHS are shown in table form. Hazard  categories 
reflect the harmonis ed classification criteria.  
 5.1.3 Reproduction of the symbol  
The following hazard symbols are t he standard symbols which should be used in the GHS. With the 
exception of the new symbol which will be used for certain health hazards, the exclamation mark 
and the fish and tree, they are part of the standard symbol set used in the UN Recommendation s on 
the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations.  - 18 - Figure 1  
 5.1.4 Reproduction of pictograms and hazard pictograms  
5.1.4.1  A pictogram means a graphical composition that includes a symbol plus other graphic 
elements, such as a boarder, background pattern or c olour that is intended to convey specific 
information.  
5.1.4.2  Shape and colour  
5.1.4.2.1  All hazard pictograms used in the GHS should be in the shape of a square set at a point.  
5.1.4.2.2  For transport, the pictograms (commonly referred to as labels in tr ansport regulations) 
prescribed by the UN Model Regulations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods  should be used. The 
UN Model Regulations prescribe transport pictogram specifications including colour, symbols, size, 
background contrast, additional safety in formation (e.g. hazard class) and general formats. 
Transport pictograms are required to have minimum dimensions of 100mm by 100mm, with some 
exceptions for allowing smaller pict ograms for very small packages  and for gas cylinders. Transport 
pictograms incl ude the symbol in the upper half of the label. The UN model regulations require that 
transport pictograms be printed or affixed to a packaging on a background of contrasting colour. An 
example showing a typical label for a flammable liquid hazard according  to the UN Model 
Regulations is provided below:  
 
5.1.4.2.3  Pictograms prescribed by the GHS (different from the UN Recommendations on the 
Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations ) should have a black symbol on a white 
background with a red frame su fficiently wide to be clearly visible. However, when such a 
pictogram appears on a label for a package which will not be exported, the competent authority may 
choose to give suppliers and employers discretion to use a black boarder. In addition, competent 
- 19 - authorities may allow the use of UN Recommendation s on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, 
Model Regulations  pictograms in other use settings where the package is not covered by the Model 
Regulations. An example of a GHS pictogram used for a skin irritant is  provided below:  
 
 
 5.2 Allocation of label elements  
 5.2.1 Information required for packages covered by the UN Model Regulations on the 
Transport of Dangerous Goods.  
Where a UN Model Regulations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods pictogram appears on a 
label, a GHS  pictogram for the same hazard should not appear. The GHS pictograms which are not 
required for the transport of dangerous goods should not be displayed on freight containers, road 
vehicles or railway wagons/tanks.  
 5.2.2 Information required on a GHS label  
5.2.2.1 Signal words  
A signal word means a word used to indicate the relative level of severity of hazard and alert the 
reader to a potential hazard on the label. The signal words used in the GHS are “Danger” and 
“Warning”. “Danger” is used for the more severe  hazard categories (i.e. in the main for hazard 
categories 1 and 2), while “warning” is used for the less severe. The tables in the individual 
Chapters for each hazard class detail the signal words that have been assigned to each of the hazard 
categories o f the GHS.  
5.2.2.2  Hazard statements  
A hazard statement means a phrase assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature 
of the hazards of a hazardous product, including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard. The 
tables of label elements  in the individual chapters for each hazard class detail the hazard statements 
that have been assigned to each of the hazard categories of the GHS.  
Hazard statements and a code uniquely identifying each one are listed in the set of standards “ Safety 
Rules for Classification, Precautionary Labelling and Precautionary Statements of Chemical 
Product ”. The hazard statement code is intended to be used for reference purposes. It is not part of 
the hazard statement text and should not be used to replace it.  
 
- 20 - 5.2.2 .3 Precautionary statements and pictograms  
A precautionary statement means a phrase (and/or pictogram) that describes recommended 
measures that should be taken to minimise or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to a 
hazardous product, or improp er storage or handling of a hazardous product. The GHS label should 
include appropriate precautionary information, the choice of which is made by  the labeller or the 
competent authority. Appendix B contains examp les of precautionary statements that can be used, 
as well as examp les of precautionary pictograms that can be used where permitted  by the competent 
authority.  
5.2.2.4  Product identifier  
5.2.2.4.1  A product identifier should be used on a GHS label and should match the product 
identifier used on the S DS. Where a substance or mixture is covered by the UN Model Regulations 
on the Transport of Dangerous Goods , the proper UN shipping name should be used on the 
package.  
5.2.2.4.2  The label for a substance should include the chemical identity thereof . For mi xtures or 
alloys, the label should include the chemical identities of all ingredients or alloying elements that 
contribute to acute toxicity, skin corrosion or serious eye damage, germ cell mutagenicity, 
carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, skin or resp iratory sensitization, or specific target organ 
toxicity (STOT), when these hazards appear on the label. Alternatively, the competent authority 
may require the inclusion of all ingredients or alloying elements that contribute to the hazard of the 
mixture o r alloy.  
5.2.2.4.3  Where a substance or mixture is supplied exclusively for use in the workplace , the 
competent authority may choose to give  the supplier discretion to include chemical identities on the 
SDS, instead of  including them on labels.  
5.2.2.4.4  The competent authority rules for Confidential Business Information take priority over the 
rules for product identification. This means that where an ingredient would normally be included on 
the label, if it meets the competent authority criteria for Confid ential Business Information, its 
identity does not have to be included on the label.  
 5.2.2.4.5  Supplier identification  
The name, address and telephone number of the manufacturer or supplier of the substance or 
mixture should be provided on the label.  
 5.3 Mult iple hazards and precedence of hazard information  
The following arrangements apply where a substance or mixture presents more than one GHS 
hazard. Therefore where a system does not provide information on the label for a particular hazard, 
the application o f the arrangements should be modified accordingly.  
 5.3.1 Precedence for the allocation of symbols  
For substances and mixtures covered by the UN Recommendation s on the Transport of Dangerous 
Goods, Model Regulations , the precedence of symbols for physical hazard s should follow the rules 
of the UN Model Regulations. In  the workplace, the competent authority may require all symbols 
for physical hazards to be used. For health hazards the following principles of precedence apply:  
a) if the skull or crossbones applies, t he exclamation mark should not appear;  
b) if the corrosive symbol applies, the exclamation mark should not appear where it is used for 
skin or eye irritation;  - 21 - c) if the health hazard symbol appears for respiratory sensiti sation, the exclamation mark 
should not a ppear where it is used for skin sensiti sation or for skin or eye irritation.  
 5.3.2 Precedence for allocation of signal words  
If the signal word “Danger” applies, the signal word “Warning” should not appear.  
 5.3.3 Precedence for allocation of hazard statements  
All assi gned statements should appear on the label. The competent authority may choose to specify 
the order in which they appear.  
 5.4 Arrangements for presenting the GHS label elements  
 5.4.1 Location of GHS information on the label  
The GHS hazard pictograms, signal word and  hazard statements should be located together on the 
label. The competent authority may choose to provide a specified layout for the presentation of 
these and for the presentation of precautionary information, or allow supplier discretion. Specific 
guidanc e and examples are provided in the chapters on individual hazard classes.  
 5.4.2 Supplemental information  
The competent authority has the discretion to allow the use of supplemental information and non -
standardi sed information in the GHS. The competent authority may choose to specify where this 
information should appear on the label or allow supplier discretion. In either approach, the 
placement of supplemental information should not impede identification of GHS information.  
 5.4.3 Use of colour outside pictograms  
In add ition to its use in pictograms, colour can be used on other areas of the label to implement 
special labelling requirements such as the use of pesticide bands for signal words and hazard 
statements or as background to them, or as otherwise provided for by t he competent authority.  
 5.5 Special labelling arrangements  
The competent authority may choose to allow communication of certain hazard information for 
carcinogens, reproductive toxicity and specific target organ toxicity through repeated exposure on 
the label and on the Safety Data Sheets. Or through the Safety Data Sheets alone (see specific 
chapters for details of relevant cut -offs for these classes). Similarly, for metals and alloys, the 
competent authority may choose to allow communication of the hazard inf ormation through the 
Safety Data Sheets alone when they are supplied in the massive, non -dispersible form.  
 5.5.1 Workplace labelling  
5.5.1.1  Products falling within the scope of the GHS will carry the GHS label at the point where 
they are supplied to the workpla ce, and the label should be maintained on the supplied container in 
the workplace. The GHS label or the label elements should also be used for workplace containers. 
However, the competent authority can allow employers to use alternative means of giving wor kers 
the same information in a different written or displayed format when such a format is more 
appropriate to the workplace and communicates the information as effectively as the GHS label. For 
example, label information could be displayed in the work are a, rather than on the individual - 22 - containers.  
5.5.1.2  Alternative means of providing workers with information contained in GHS labels are 
needed usually where hazardous chemicals are transferred from an original supplier container into a 
workplace container  system, or where chemicals are produced in a workplace but are not packaged 
in containers intended for sale or supply. Chemicals that are produced in a workplace may be 
contained or stored in many different ways such as: small samples collected for testin g or analysis, 
piping systems including valves, process or reaction vessels, ore cars, conveyer systems or free -
standing bulk storage of solids. In batch manufacturing processes, one mixing vessel may be used to 
contain a number of different chemical mixtu res. 
5.5.1.3  In many situations, it is impractical to produce a complete GHS label and attach it to the 
container, for example, due to container size limitations or lack of access to a process container. 
Some examples of workplace situations where chemical s may be transferred from supplier 
containers include: containers for laboratory testing or analysis, storage vessels, piping or process 
reaction systems or temporary containers where the chemical will be used by one worker within a 
short timeframe. Decant ed chemicals intended for immediate use could be labelled with the main 
components and directly refer the user to the supplier label information and Safety Data Sheets.  
5.5.1.4  All such systems should ensure that there is clear hazard communication. Worker s should be 
trained to understand the specific communication methods used in a workplace. Example s of 
alternative methods include: use of product identifiers together with GHS symbols and other 
pictograms to describe precautionary measures; use of process flow charts for complex systems to 
identify chemicals contained in pipes and vessels with links to the appropriate Safety Data Sheets; 
use of displays with GHS symbols, colour and signal words in piping systems and processing 
equipment; use of permanent pl acarding for fixed piping; use of batch tickets or recipes for 
labelling batch mixing vessels and use of piping bands with hazard symbols and product identifiers.  
 5.5.2 Consumer product labelling based on the likelihood of injury  
All systems should use the GHS c lassification criteria based on hazard ; however , the competent 
authority may authori se consumer labelling systems providing information based on the likelihood 
of harm (risk -based labelling). In the latter case the competent authority would establish proce dures 
for determining the potential exposure and risk for the use of product. Labels based on this 
approach provide targeted information on identified risks but may not include certain information 
on chronic health effects (e.g. specific target organ toxic ity (STOT) following repeated exposure, 
reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity), that would appear on a label based on hazard alone.  
 5.5.3 Tactile warnings  
If tactile warnings are used, the technical specifications should conform to ISO 11683.  
 5.6 Hazard communic ation: Safety Data Sheet (SDS)  
 5.6.1 Criteria for determining whether an SDS should be produced  
An SDS should be produced (see GB/T 17519) for all substances and mixtures which meet the 
harmoni sed criteria for physical, health or environmental hazards under the GHS and for mixtures 
which contain substances that meet the criteria for carcinogenic, toxic to reproduction or specific 
target organ toxicity in concentrations exceeding the cut -off limits for SDS specified by the criteria 
for mixtures. The competent auth ority may  choose also to require the SDS s for mixture not meeting 
the criteria for classification as hazardous but which contain hazardous substances in certain - 23 - concentration s. 
 5.6.2 General guidance for compiling a safety data sheet  
5.6.2.1 Cut -off values/conce ntration limits  
a) An SDS should be provided based on the genetic cut -off values/concentration limits 
indicated in Table 1.  
Table 1: Cut -off values/ concentration limits for each health and environmental hazard class  
Hazard class  Cut-off values/ 
concentratio n limit  
Acute toxicity  1.0%  
Skin corrosion /Irritation  1.0%  
Serious eye damage /eye irritation  1.0%  
Respiratory /Skin sensitization  1.0%  
Germ cell mutagenicity (Category 1)  1.0%  
Germ cell mutagenicity (Category 2)  1.0%  
Carcinogenicity  1.0%  
Reproductive toxicity  1.0%  
Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure)  1.0%  
Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure)  1.0%  
Hazardous to the aquatic environment  1.0%  
 
b) There may be some cases when the available hazard data may justify classification on the 
basis of cut -off values/ concentration limits than the generic ones specified in the health and 
environment hazard class chapters. When such specific cut -off values are used for 
classification, they should also apply to the obligation to compile an SDS.  
c) Certain  compet ent authorities may require SDS s to be compiled for mixtures which are not 
classified for acute toxicity or aquatic toxicity as a result of application of the additivity 
formula, but which contain acutely toxic or toxic to the aquatic environment ingredients 
equal or greater than 1%.  
d) Certain competent authorities may choose not to regulate certain categories within a hazard 
class. In such situations, there would be no obligation to compile an SDS.  
e) Once it is clear that an SD S is required for a substance or a mixture then the information 
required to be included in the SDS should in all cases be provided in accordance with GHS 
requirements.  
5.2.2.2  SDS format  
The information in the SDS should be provided as 16 headings, see App endix D.  
5.2.2.3  SDS content  
a) The SDS should provide a clear description of the data used to identify the hazards. The 
minimum information i n Appendix D should be included - where applicable and available - 
on the SDS under the relevant headings. If specifi c information is not applicable or not - 24 - available under a particular subheading, the SDS should clearly state this. Additional 
information may be required by competent authorities.  
b) Some headings relate to information that is national or regional in nature, such as  “EC 
number” and “occupational exposure limits”. Suppliers or employers should include 
information under such SDS subheadings that is appropriate and relevant to the countries or 
regions for which the SDS is intended and into which the product is be ing supplied.  
c) Guidance on the preparation of SDS s under the requirements of the GHS can be found in 
GB/T 17519.  
 - 25 -  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- 26 -  
- 27 - Figure B.1  
 
Figure B.2  
- 28 -  
- 29 - Appendix D  
(Informative Annex)  
Minimum Information of Safety Data Sheet (SDS)  
1 Identification of the 
chemical substance or 
compound and supplier  • GSH product identifier;  
• Other means of identification;  
• Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use;  
• Supplier's details (including name, address and phone 
numbers e tc.) 
• Emergency phone number.  
2 Hazard identification  • GHS classification of the subs tance/ mixture and any 
information on country/region ; 
• GHS label elements, including precautionary statements. 
(hazard symbols may be provided as a graphical 
reproduction of the symbols in black and white or the name 
of the symbol, e.g. “flame”, “skull and crossbones”;  
• Other hazards which do not result in classification (for 
example: dust explosion hazards), or other hazards which 
are not covered in GHS classification.  
3 Composition 
/information on 
ingredients  Substances:  
• Chemical identity of the substance;  
• Common name(s), synonym(s) of the substance;  
• CAS number and other unique identifiers for the substance;  
• Impurities and stabilizing additives which are themselves 
classified and which contribute to the classific ation of the 
substance;  
Mixture:  
• Within the meaning of GHS, the chemical identities, 
concentration or concentration ranges of all hazardous 
ingredients are present above their cut -off levels;  
• Note: for ingredient proportion information, the appropriate 
competent national authority rules for confidential business 
information take priority over the rules for product 
identification.  
4 First-aid measures  • Description of necessary first -aid measures, provide first -
aid instructions by relevant routes of exposure,  e.g.  
inhalation, skin, eye and ingestion;  
• Most important symptoms /effects, acute and delayed;  
• Indication of immediate medical attention and special 
treatment needed, if necessary.  
5 Fire-fighting measures  • Suitable (unsuitable) extinguishing media;  
• Speci fic hazards arising from the chemical (such as the 
characters of the hazardous combustion products);  
• Special protective action for fire -fighters.  
6 Accidental release 
measures  • Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency;  
• Environmental precaut ions;  
• Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up.  
7 Handling and storage  • Precautions for safe handling;  
• Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities.  
8 Exposure control/ 
personal protection  • Control parameters, such as occupatio n exposure limits or 
biological exposure limits;  
• Appropriate engineering controls;  
• Individual protection measures, such as personal protective 
equipment.  
9 Physical and chemical • Appearance (physical state, colour etc.);  - 30 - properties  • Odour;  
• Odour threshold;  
• Ph value;  
• Melting point /freezing point;  
• Initial boiling point and boiling range;  
• Flash point;  
• Evaporation rate;  
• Flammability (solid, gas);  
• Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits;  
• Vapour pressure;  
• Vapour density;  
• Relative density;  
• Solubility( -ies); 
• Partition coefficient: n -octanol/ water;  
• Auto -ignition temperature;  
• Decomposition temperature.  
10 Stability and reactivity  • Chemical stability;  
• Possibility of hazardous reactions;  
• Conditions to avoid (static discharge, vibration or shock);  
• Incompatible mater ials; 
• Hazardous decomposition products.  
11 Toxicological 
information  A concise but complete and comprehensible description of the 
various toxicological (health) effects, and the avai lable data used to 
identify those effects, should include:  
• Information on  the likely routes of exposure through 
ingestion, inhalation, or skin/eye exposure;  
• Symptoms related to the physical, chemical and 
toxicological characteristics;  
• Delayed and immediate effects and also chronic effects 
from short and long term exposure;  
• Numerical measures of toxicity (such as acute toxicity 
estimates).  
12 Ecological information  • Toxicity (aquatic and/ or terrestrial organisms) , if there is 
any; 
• Persistence and degradability;  
• Bioaccumulative potential;  
• Mobility in soil;  
• Other adverse effe cts. 
13 Disposal consideration  1. Information of the substances and their safe handling, 
and disposal methods, including any of the containers.  
14 Transport information  2. UN Number;  
3. UN Proper Shipping Name;  
4. Transport hazard class(es);  
5. Packing group, if applic able;  
6. Marine pollutant(s) (yes/no);  
7. When transported indoor or outdoor, the special 
precautions for users.  
15 Regulation information  8. Safety, health and environmental regulations specific 
for the product in question.  
16 Other information, 
includes informa tion 
relevant to the 
preparation of SDS 
(Safety Data Sheet)