EN    EN  EUROPEAN COMMISSION  
Brussels, 4.10.2010 
COM(2010) 542 final 
2010/0271 (COD) 
Proposal for a 
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL REGULATION 
Regulation (EU) No .../2010 of the European  Parliament and of the Council on the 
approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles 
(Text with EEA relevance) 
EN 
{SEC(2010) 1151} 
 {SEC(2010) 1152} EN 2   EN EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM  
1. C ONTEXT OF THE PROPOSAL  
• Grounds for and objectives of the proposal 
The term ‘L-category vehicles’ covers a wi de range of different vehicle types with 
two, three or four wheels, e.g. two- and three-wheel m opeds, two- and three-wheel 
motorcycles and motorcycles with side-cars.  Examples of four-wheel vehicles, also 
referred to as quadricycles,  are quads and mini-cars. 
Type-approval requirements for new vehicles  of the L category are currently set out 
in Directive 2002/24/EC1 of the European Parliame nt and of the Council (the 
‘Framework Directive’). In addition, a seri es of Directives referred to in the 
Framework Directive contain detailed tec hnical requirements relating to L-category 
vehicles. 
The Commission has identified a number of ke y concerns associated with the current 
provisions for the type-approval of  new L-category vehicles, whic h need to be addressed:  
– the complexity of the legal framework; 
– the level of emissions and its increasing share in total road transport emissions, which 
are decreasing overall; 
– vehicle functional safety  aspects related to t ype-approval requirements; 
– the lack of a legal framework for vehicles fitted with new technologies; 
– selling and registration of cer tain vehicles, systems, components or separate technical 
units imported in the EU market which do not  comply with the current type-approval 
requirements regarding vehicle functional safety and/or environmental protection. 
 
• Existing provisions in the area of the proposal  
– Framework Directive of the Europe an Parliament and Council 2002/24/EC1 
– Directives: 
93/14/EEC2 93/30/EEC3 93/33/EEC4 93/93/EEC5 95/1/EC6  
97/24/EC7 2000/7/EC8 2002/51/EC9 2009/62/EC10 2009/67/EC11
 2009/78/EC12 2009/79/EC13 2009/80/EC14 2009/139/EC15 
                                                 
1 OJ L 124, 9.5.2002, p. 1 
2 OJ L 121, 15.5.1993, p. 1 
3 OJ L 188, 29.7.1993, p. 1 
4 OJ L 188, 29.7.1993, p. 32 
5 OJ L 311, 14.12.1993, p. 76 
6 OJ L 52, 8.3.1995, p. 1 
7 OJ L 226, 18.8.1997, p. 1 EN 3   EN Type-approval legislation is addresse d in the political initiative ‘CARS 21’16. This initiative 
was launched in 2005 to carry out a regulatory an d policy review of the automotive sector to 
advise the Commission on future policy options . One of the reasons for setting up CARS 21 
was the concern expressed by automotive industry stakeholders that the cumulative cost of 
regulation had a negative effect on compe titiveness and made vehicles unnecessarily 
expensive. The CARS 21 Final Report17 concluded that while most  of the legislation in 
force should be maintained for the protection of citizens and the environment, a simplification exercise should be  undertaken so as to rationa lise the regulatory framework 
and move towards international harmonisation of  requirements. This simplification exercise 
has been planned in the ‘Commission second pr ogress report on the strategy for simplifying 
the regulatory environment’
18. Any possible initiative should be  aligned with this strategy.  
In line with the Europe an strategy on air quality19, the European Union has constantly 
strengthened the emission sta ndards for motor vehicles, in  particular for hydrocarbons, 
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate ma tter. This will also be the case for this 
proposed regulatory framewor k for L-category vehicles. 
The type-approval measures in this legal fr amework are also aligned with the European 
Road Safety Action Plan 2011-2020 and the European Road Safety Charter (ERSC)20, 
2000-2010. The ERSC aimed to halve the number  of road fatalities by 2010. Unfortunately, 
riders of L-category vehicles belong to a vulnera ble road user group with  the highest fatality 
and injury rates among all road users. 
Finally, this proposal also incorporates a num ber of provisions of De cision No 768/2008/EC 
of the European Parlia ment and of the Council21 on a common framework for the marketing 
of products, to enhance the implementation a nd enforcement of the new Regulation. These 
specify the responsibilities of the economic ope rators in the supply ch ain and the respective 
market surveillance authorities involved, in particular with regard to post-market 
surveillance and control of products enteri ng the European Union market. Also, the 
requirements for bodies or organisations to which Member States may delegate some 
assessment tasks of vehicles, systems, component s or separate technical units are enhanced 
with a view to ensuring a level playing field and avoiding distortion of competition that may 
arise from different levels of stringency a nd performance applied by these third party 
organisations when testing, inspecting and assessing vehicles, systems, components or 
separate technical units for which type-approval is sought. 
                                                                                                                                                         
8 OJ L 106, 3.5.2000, p. 1 
9 OJ L 252, 20.9.2002, p. 20 
10 OJ L 198, 30.7.2009, p. 20 
11 OJ L 222, 25.8.2009, p. 1 
12 OJ L 231, 3.9.2009, p. 8 
13 OJ L 201, 1.8.2009, p. 29 
14 OJ L 202, 4.8.2009, p. 16 
15 OJ L 322, 9.12.2009, p. 3 
16 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/automotive/ pagesbackground/compe titiveness/cars21.htm . 
17 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/automotive/page sbackground/competitivene ss/cars21finalreport.pdf . 
18 COM(2008) 33 final, 30.1.2008, proposal No 49, p. 32. 
19 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/a rchives/cafe/general/keydocs.htm . 
20 http://www.erscharter.eu/ . 
21 OJ L 218, 13.8.2008, p. 82. EN 4   EN 2. C ONSULTATION OF INTERESTED PARTIES AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT  
• Consultation of interested parties 
The European Commission launched a public  consultation seeking to gather the 
views of interested parties on its ou tlined proposals for new legislation on L-
category vehicle approval. A consultation document was published22 to provide 
background and ask for opinions on the ne w framework intended to replace the 
current legislative framework. 
The public consultation target ed those groups that would be most affected by the 
proposal for a new legal framework, includ ing type-approval auth orities in Member 
States, manufacturers, suppliers and consum ers. It was published in English, French 
and German on a website set up specifically for that purpose. 
The European Commission has acknowledg ed the receipt of all stakeholder 
responses to the consultation, and thes e have been made publicly available23. 
Consultation methods, main sectors targ eted and general pr ofile of respondents  
In developing the proposal, the European Commission has consulte d stakeholders in 
a number of ways: 
The public consultation was held from 22 December 2008 to 27 February 2009 on 
the internet, covering possible controversia l aspects of the proposal. Reactions were 
received from Member States, the L-cat egory vehicle and co mponent manufacturing 
industry, transport organisations, organi sations representing users, other non-
governmental organisations and individual citizens. 
The elements of the draft proposal have b een discussed in several meetings of the 
European Commission’ s Working Group (MCWG)24 on L-category vehicles. 
Finally, many bilateral meetings with indivi dual stakeholders have been held at 
which their opinions and view s could be freely expressed. 
Summary of responses and how th ey have been taken into account  
The European Commission received 57 responses  to the internet c onsultation. A number of 
issues were raised by stakeholders. The resu lts of the public consultation were summarised 
in a report25 and presented and discussed on 29 J une 2009 at a meeting of the European 
Commission’s Working Group on L-category vehicl es (MCWG), to which all stakeholders 
were invited to comment. 
The impact assessment that accompanies this proposal gives an account of the issues raised 
and discusses how they have been taken into consideration. 
                                                 
22 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/automotive/consultation/2_3_wheelers/index.htm . 
23 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/automotive/ consultation/2_3_wheelers/contributions.htm . 
24 http://circa.europa.eu/Public/irc/enterprise/automotive/library?l=/  
mcwg_motorcycle&vm=detailed&sb=Title . 
25 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/automotive/ consultation/2_3_wheelers/results_report.pdf . EN 5   EN • Impact assessment  
For each of the main aspects of the proposal, different options were analysed by listing 
possible advantages and disadvantages in te rms of economic, environmental, safety and 
societal aspects. Qualitative and quantitative as pects were both included in this analysis. In 
a next step, the different options were comp ared and one preferred option or a logical 
combination of two preferred options were id entified and described. These preferred options 
form the basis for this new Framework Regulation. 
The draft report was scrutinised by the Impact  Assessment Board and the recommendations 
for its improvement were integrated in the fina l report as far as possible. The opinion of the 
Impact Assessment Board on the report is publis hed together with this  proposal, as well as 
the final Impact Assessment re port and its executive summary. 
3. L EGAL ELEMENTS OF THE PROPOSAL  
• Legal basis 
The legal basis of the proposal is Article 114 of the Treaty on th e Functioning of the 
European Union (TFEU). 
• Subsidiarity principle  
Prior to the establishment of EU type-approv al for L-category vehicles, standards were 
established at Member State level. This legislation adopted by Member States often 
differed, and manufacturers sel ling vehicles, systems, compone nts or separate technical 
units on several markets were then obliged  to vary their produc tion according to the 
Member States for which their vehicles, syst ems, components or separate technical units 
were intended and had these tested in each Member State concerned, which was time-consuming and costly. Different national rule s consequently hindered trade, and had a 
negative effect on the establishment a nd functioning of the internal market. 
It was therefore necessary to es tablish directives at EU level,  especially to address EU-wide 
trans-boundary concerns regardin g safety and the adverse hea lth and environmental effects 
of air pollution. Hi gh emissions in local urban settin gs may be controlled by Member 
States’ individual measures, but global emissi ons do not stop at the border of a Member 
State. This Europe-wide concern can onl y be addressed with  harmonised, EU-wide 
measures. Framework Directive 2002/24/EC
1, which was based on Ar ticle 95 of the Treaty 
establishing the European Community, was desi gned to do this and aimed to establish an 
internal market while ensuring a high level of protection of health, safety and the 
environment. Such a rationale is still valid today as European Union action is necessary to avoid fragmentation of the internal market and to ensure a high and equal level of protection 
across Europe.  
A further added value of EU legislation is that industry will be able to profit from 
economies of scale through harmonised legal requ irements: for instance, vehicles, systems, 
components or separate technica l units can be made for the w hole European market, instead 
of being customised to obtain national type-a pproval for every single Member State. Also, 
adaptation of the legal framework to technical progress will ensure a level playing field for 
manufacturers with regard to new technology. Consumers will benefit from lower prices of EN 6   EN vehicles, systems, components or separate technical units , which are constantly under 
pressure owing to EU-wide competition. 
Finally, strengthening the market surveillance measures will help ensure the same set of 
rules for all manufacturers selling or are respon sible for the entry into service of vehicles, 
systems, components or separate technical units on the EU market and ensure that 
environmental and vehicle-safety type-approv al requirements are actually effective. 
• Proportionality principle 
The proposal complies with the proportionality principle because it does not go beyond 
what is necessary in order to achieve the ob jectives of ensuring th e proper functioning of 
the internal market while at the same time providing for a high level of public safety and 
environmental protection. 
• Choice of instruments  
The use of a Framework Regulation is considered to be appropriate in that it provides the 
required assurance for compliance while not re quiring transposition into Member States’ 
legislation. 
The proposal uses the ‘split-lev el approach’ origin ally introduced at the request of the 
European Parliament and used in other legisl ation for EU type-approval of motor vehicles. 
This approach provides for le gislation in three steps:  
– the fundamental provisions and scope are la id down by the European Parliament and 
the Council in a regulation based on Ar ticle 114 TFEU in accordance with the 
ordinary legislative procedure. 
– the technical specifications associated w ith the fundamental provisions are laid down 
in three delegated acts (Article  290), adopted through comitology: 
(1) a Regulation on environmental and propulsion performance requirements: 
– electromagnetic compatibility; 
– environmental test procedures relate d to exhaust emissions, evaporative 
emissions, greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption; 
– maximum design engine speed, maximu m torque and maximum net engine 
power; 
– sound. 
(2) a Regulation on vehicle functional safe ty requirements and related subjects: 
– audible warning devices; 
– braking, including anti-lock a nd combined brake systems; 
– electrical safety; EN 7   EN – front and rear prot ective structures; 
– glazing, windscreen wipers and washers,  and de-icing and demisting devices; 
– identification of controls, tell-tales and indicators; 
– installation of lighting and light signalling devices; 
– rearward visibility; 
– safety belt anchorages  and safety belts; 
– tyres; 
– vehicle occupant protection, including interior fittings, head restraints and 
vehicle doors; 
– vehicle speed limitation by design; 
– vehicle structure integrity. 
(3) a Regulation on vehicle construction requirements: 
– anti-tampering measures; 
– coupling devices and attachments; 
– devices to prevent unauthorised use; 
– external projections; 
– fuel storage; 
– load platforms; 
– masses and dimensions; 
– on-board diagnostics; 
– passenger handholds and footrests; 
– repair and maintenance information; 
– space for mounting the rear registration plate; 
– stands; 
– statutory markings. 
– An implementing act (Article 291) sets out the administrative provisions, such as the 
information document, the definitions of th e type-approval certificate, the certificate 
of conformity and associated product ion conformity requirements, etc. EN 8   EN 4. B UDGETARY IMPLICATIONS  
This proposal for a Framework Regulation ha s no implications for the European Union 
budget with regard to the fi rst two emission-limit reducti on steps (Euro 4 and 5 for 
motorcycles, Euro 3 and 4 for all other L-cat egory vehicle categories). The third emission 
step will include a Euro 6 step motorcycle s and a Euro 5 step for all other L-category 
vehicle categories (mopeds, tricycles and quad ricycles). These limits are absolutely 
equivalent to the Euro 5 emi ssion limits for passenger cars. An additional environmental 
effect study is planned in or der to determine the short-term  environmental effects of the 
Euro 3, 4 and 5 steps and whether the targeted Euro 6 step is appropriate within the given 
time. This study will be completed in the period 2016-2017 and will be financed through the 
Commission budget. 
5. A DDITIONAL INFORMATION  
The proposed act concerns matters relating to the European Economic Area (EEA) and 
should therefore extend to the EEA.  EN 9   EN 2010/0271 (COD) 
Proposal for a 
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL REGULATION 
Regulation (EU) No .../2010 of the European  Parliament and of the Council on the 
approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles 
(Text with EEA relevance) 
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE CO UNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, 
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular 
Article 114 thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission, 
After transmission of the draft legislative act to national Parliaments, Having regard to the opinion of the Eu ropean Economic and Social Committee
26, 
Having regard to the opinion of  the Committee of the Regions27 
Acting in accordance with the or dinary legislative procedure, 
Whereas: (1) The internal market comprises an area without internal frontiers in which the free 
movement of goods, persons, services and ca pital must be ensured. To that end a 
comprehensive EC type-approval system for two- or three-wheel vehicles was 
established by Directive 2002/24/EC of the Eu ropean Parliament and of the Council of 
18 March 2002 on the type-approval of such vehicles
1. Those principles should 
continue to apply for this Regulation and its delegated and implementing acts. 
(2) The EU type-approval system is intended to enable each Member State to confirm that 
each type of vehicle has undergone the check s provided for in this Regulation, in its 
delegated and implementing acts and its ma nufacturer has obtained a type-approval 
certificate. It furthermore obliges manufacturer s to issue a certificate of conformity for 
each vehicle produced in accordance with th e type-approval. When a vehicle is 
accompanied by such certificate it may be so ld and registered for use throughout the 
Union. 
(3) This Regulation aims to lay down harmoni sed rules for the a pproval of L-category 
vehicles, with a view to ensuring the func tioning of the internal market. L-category 
vehicles are two-, three- or four-wheel ve hicles such as powered two-wheel vehicles, 
                                                 
26 OJ L […], […], p. […] 
27 OJ L […], […], p. […] EN 10   EN tricycles, on-road quads and mini-cars. In  addition, the objectives are to simplify the 
current legal framework, to contribute to a lower, more proportionate shar e in overall 
road transport emissions, to increase the over all level of safety, to adapt to technical 
progress and to strengthen the ru les on market surveillance.  
(4) Directive 2002/24/EC and its separate directives have been substan tially amended 
several times. In the intere sts of clarity, rationality and simplification, Directive 
2002/24/EC and its separate directives should be repe aled and replaced by one 
Regulation and a small number of delegate d and implementing acts. The use of the 
form of a regulation should ensure that the provisions are directly applicable and can 
be updated much faster and more efficien tly to take better account of technical 
progress.  
(5) In order to simplify the type-approval legisl ation in line with the recommendations of 
the report CARS 21: A Competitive Au tomotive Regulatory System for the 21st 
century28, it is appropriate to repe al all separate directives  without reducing the level 
of protection. The requirements set out in t hose directives should be carried over to 
this Regulation or its delegated acts and should be replaced, where appropriate, with 
references to the corresponding regula tions of the United Nations Economic 
Commission for Europe (UNECE),  as incorporated into Union law in accordance with 
Article 4 of Council Decision 97/836/EC of 27 November 1997 with a view to 
accession by the European Union to the Agreement of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. This concerns the a doption of uniform tec hnical prescriptions 
for wheeled vehicles, systems, components or  separate technical units which can be 
fitted to or used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of 
approvals granted on the ba sis of these prescriptions (‘Revised 1958 Agreement’)
29. 
To reduce the administrative burden of  the type-approval process, vehicle 
manufactures should be allowed to type-a pprove in accordance with this Regulation, 
where appropriate, directly by means of  obtaining approval under the relevant 
UNECE30 regulations listed in the Annexes to  this Regulation and in the separate 
delegated acts.  
(6) Consequently, UNECE regulations and the am endments thereto to which the European 
Union accedes, in application of Decision 97/836/EC, should be incorporated within 
the EU type-approval procedur e either as requirements fo r EU vehicle type-approval, 
or as alternatives to existing Union law. In  particular, where the Union decides that a 
UNECE regulation should become part of the EU vehicle type-a pproval requirements 
and replace existing legislation of the Un ion, the power should be delegated to the 
Commission to adopt the necessary adaptati ons to this Regulation or to adopt the 
necessary implementing acts. 
(7) This Regulation should contai n substantive requirements for environmental protection 
and vehicle functional safety. The main elements of this Regulation are based on the 
results of an Impact Assessment31 and analysing different options by listing possible 
advantages and disadvantages in terms of  economic, environmental, safety and 
societal aspects. Qualitative and quantita tive aspects were bot h included in this 
                                                 
28 COM(2007) 22 final. 
29 OJ L 346, 17.12.1997, p.78 
30 http://www.unece. org/trans/main/wp29/ wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29p ub/wp29pub20 02e.pdf . 
31 [….add link when published] EN 11   EN analysis. After comparison of the different  options and identific ation of preferred 
options, they were chosen to form the basis for this Regulation. 
(8) The objectives of this Regulation should not  be affected by th e fitting of certain 
systems, components or separate technica l units after vehicles  have been sold, 
registered or entered into se rvice. Thus, appropriate measures should be taken in order 
to make sure that systems, components or separate technical units which can be fitted 
to vehicles, and which could significantly im pair the functioning of systems that are 
essential for environmental protection or func tional safety, are subject to prior control 
by an approval authority before they are sol d, registered or are entering into service. 
(9) Directive 95/1/EC of the European Parliame nt and the Council of 2 February 1995 on 
the maximum design speed, maximum torque and maximum net engine power of two- 
or three-wheel motor vehicles6 gave the possibility to Member States to refuse the 
initial registration and any s ubsequent registration within their territory of vehicles 
with a maximum net power of more than 74 kW. The anticipated correlation between 
safety and absolute power limitation could not be confirmed in several scientific 
studies. For that reason and in order to rem ove internal barriers to trade on the Union 
market, this option should no longer be ma intained. Other, more effective safety 
measures should be introduced to help re duce the high numbers of fatalities and 
injuries among riders of powered two-wheel vehicles in road accidents in the Union. 
(10) This Regulation constitutes a set of specifi c safety and environmental requirements. 
Therefore, it is important to establish provisions to ensure that, in cases where a vehicle presents a serious risk for users or the environment, the manufacturer or any other economic operator in the supply chai n has taken effective protective measures, 
including the recall of ve hicles, within the meaning of Article 20 of Regulation 
765/2008/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 setting out 
the requirements for accreditation and market  surveillance relating to the marketing of 
products
32. Approval authorities should therefor e be able to assess whether these 
measures are sufficient or not. 
(11) With the aim of simplifying and accelerati ng the type-approval legislation, a new 
regulatory approach has been introduced in  EU vehicle type-appr oval legislation, 
under which the legislator in the ordinary legislative pr ocedure sets out only the 
fundamental rules and principles and delega tes the legislation of further technical 
details to the Commission. With regard to substantive requiremen ts, this Regulation 
should therefore lay down only fundament al provisions on func tional safety, and 
environmental performance and delegate to the Commission the power to lay down the technical specifications. 
(12) Market surveillance in the automotive sector  and in particular the L-category vehicle 
sector should be improved by enhancing th e legal provisions govern ing conformity of 
production and specifying the obligations of the economic operators in the supply chain. In particular, the role and responsib ilities of the author ities in the Member 
States in charge of type-a pproval and market su rveillance should be clarified, and the 
requirements relating to the competence, oblig ations and performance of the technical 
services that perform vehicle type-approva l reinforced. Compliance with the type-
                                                
 
32 OJ L 218, 13.8.2008, p. 30 EN 12   EN approval and conformity-of-production requir ements of the legislation governing the 
automotive sector should remain the key responsibility of the type-approval authorities, while market surveillance may be a competence shared between different 
national authorities.  
(13) In order to prevent misuse, any simplified pr ocedure for small-seri es vehicles should 
be restricted to cases of very limited produc tion. It is therefore necessary to define 
precisely the concept of small series in term s of the number of vehi cles sold, registered 
and entered into service. 
(14) In order to ensure that the procedure for monitori ng conformity of production is 
correctly implemented and functions prope rly, manufacturers should be regularly 
checked by the competent authority or by an  appropriately qualified technical service 
appointed for that purpose. 
(15) Member States should lay down rules on penalt ies applicable to infringements of the 
provisions of this Regulation and ensure th at they are implemented. Those penalties 
should be effective, prop ortionate and dissuasive. 
(16) According to Article 291 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, 
rules and general principles concerning mech anisms for control by Member States of 
the Commission’s exercise of implementing po wers should be laid down in advance 
by regulations adopted in accordance with th e ordinary legislative procedure. Pending 
adoption of such new regulati ons, Council Decision 1999/468/EC
33 of 28 June 1999 
laying down the procedures for the exercise  of implementing powers conferred on the 
Commission continues to appl y, with the exception of the regulatory procedure with 
scrutiny, which is no longer applicable. 
(17) The Commission should be empowered to ad opt delegated acts in accordance with 
Article 290 TFEU in respect of functional safety and environmental performance, 
testing, access to repair and maintenance in formation and appointment of technical 
services and their specific authorised tasks, in order to supplement or amend certain 
non-essential elements of le gislative acts through provisi ons of general application. 
Such empowerment should not allow for amendment of the enforcement dates set out in Annex IV or emission limit values set ou t in Annex VI. Amendm ents to those dates 
or values should be establishe d by the ordinary legislative procedure set out in Article 
114 TFEU." 
(18) The Commission should be empowered to adopt an implementing act in accordance 
with Article 291 of the Trea ty in order to lay down uniform conditions for the 
implementation of this Regulation with regard to the list of information to be provided 
in applying for type-approval, type-approva l procedures, templates for manufacturers’ 
additional plates, EU type-a pproval certificates, list of type-approvals issued, 
numbering system for EU type-approvals, an d procedures to ensure conformity of 
production. With regard to those items, unifo rm conditions for implementation in the 
Member States are needed in order to en sure the proper functio ning of the internal 
market by facilitating the mutual recognition of administrative decisions taken in the 
different Member States, -in particular  type-approvals-, and the acceptance of 
documents issued by vehicle manufacturers (in particular certificat es of conformity). 
                                                
 
33 OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23 EN 13   EN (19) Since the objective of a fully harmonised in ternal market through the introduction of a 
compulsory system of EU type-approval fo r L-category vehicles cannot be sufficiently 
achieved by the Member States and can, theref ore, by reason of the scale of the action, 
be better achieved at Union level, the Un ion may adopt measures in accordance with 
the principle of subsidiarity. In accordance with the princi ple of proportionality this 
Regulation does not go beyond what  is necessary in order to  achieve this objective. 
(20) The following Directives should be repealed: 
– Directive 2009/139/EC of the European  Parliament and of the Council of 
25 November 2009 on statutory markings for two- or three-wheel motor vehicles
34; 
– Directive 2009/80/EC of the European  Parliament and of the Council of 
13 July 2009 on the identification of c ontrols, tell-tales and indicators for 
two or three-wheel motor vehicles35; 
– Directive 2009/79/EC of the European  Parliament and of the Council of 
13 July 2009 on passenger hand-holds on two-wheel motor vehicles (Codified version)
36;  
– Directive 2009/78/EC of the European  Parliament and of the Council of 
13 July 2009 on stands for two-wheel motor vehicles37; 
– Directive 2009/67/EC of the European  Parliament and of the Council of 
13 July 2009 on the installation of li ghting and light-signalling devices 
on two or three-wheel motor vehicles38; 
– Directive 2009/62/EC of the European  Parliament and of the Council of 
13 July 2009 relating to the space for mounting the rear registration plate of two or three-wheel motor vehicles
39; 
– Directive 2002/51/EC of the European  Parliament and of the Council of 
19 July 2002 on the reduction of the le vel of pollutant emissions from 
two- and three-wheel motor ve hicles and amending Directive 
97/24/EC40; 
– Directive 2002/24/EC of the European  Parliament and of the Council of 
18 March 2002 relating to the type-approval of two or three-wheel motor vehicles
41 and repealing Council Directive 92/61/EEC; 
– Directive 2000/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 
March 2000 on speedometers for two- or three-wheel motor vehicles and 
                                                 
34 OJ L 322, 9.12.2009, p. 3 
35 OJ L 202, 4.8.2009, p. 16 
36 OJ L 201, 1.8.2009, p. 29 
37 OJ L 231, 3.9.2009, p. 8 
38 OJ L 222, 25.8.2009, p. 1 
39 OJ L 198, 30.7.2009, p. 20 
40 OJ L 252, 20.9.2002, p. 20 
41 OJ L 124/1, 09.05.2002, p. 1 EN 14   EN amending Council Directive 92/61/EEC on the type-approval of two- or 
three-wheel motor vehicles42; 
– Directive 97/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 
June 1997 on certain components and characteristics of two or three-
wheel motor vehicles43; 
– Directive 95/1/EC of th e European Parliament and of the Council of 2 
February 1995 on the maximum design speed, maximum torque and maximum net engine power of tw o or three-wheel motor vehicles
44; 
– Council Directive 93/93/EEC of 29 October 1993 on the masses and 
dimensions of two or three-wheel motor vehicles45; 
– Council Directive 93/33/EEC of 14  June 1993 on protective devices 
intended to prevent unauthorised us e of two- or three-wheel motor 
vehicles46; 
– Council Directive 93/30/EEC of 14 June 1993 on audible warning 
devices for two-or three-wheel motor vehicles47; 
– Council Directive 93/14/ EEC of 5 April 1993 on th e braking of two or 
three-wheel motor vehicles48. 
                                                 
42 OJ L 106, 3.5.2000, p. 1 
43 OJ L 226, 18.8.1997, p. 1 
44 OJ L 52, 8.3.1995, p. 1 
45 OJ L 311, 14.12.1993, p. 76 
46 OJ L 188, 29.7.1993, p. 32 
47 OJ L 188, 29.7.1993, p. 11 
48 OJ L 121, 15.5.1993, p. 1 EN 15   EN HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: 
CHAPTER I 
SUBJECT MATTER, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS 
Article 1  
Subject matter 
1. This Regulation establishes the administra tive and technical requirements for the 
approval and market surveillance of all new vehicles referred to in Article 2 (1). 
2. This Regulation also establis hes the requirements for the sa le and entry into service 
of systems, components and separate techni cal units intended fo r vehicles approved 
in accordance with this Regulation. 
3. This Regulation shall be without prejudic e to the application of the relevant 
legislation of the Union on vehicle functiona l safety and environmental performance. 
Article 2 
Scope  
1. This Regulation applies to the type-approval and individual approva l of all new two- 
or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles as described in Article 4 and Annex I 
(hereinafter ‘L-category vehicles’), that are intended to travel on public roads, 
including where designed and constructed in  more than one stage, and to the type-
approval and individual approval of the syst ems, components and separate technical 
units designed and constructed for such vehicles. 
2. This Regulation does not appl y to the following vehicles: 
(a) vehicles with a maximum design speed not exceeding 6 km/h; (b) vehicles exclusively intended fo r use by the physically handicapped; 
(c) vehicles exclusively intended for pedestrian control; (d) vehicles exclusively intended for on-road or off-road use in competition; (e) vehicles exclusively intended for use by the armed forces, law enforcement 
agencies, civil defence services, fi re brigades or public-works bodies; 
(f) agricultural or forestry vehicles subject to Directiv e 2003/37/EC of the 
European Parliament and of the Council
49, machines subject to Directives 
2006/42/EC50 and 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council51 
                                                 
49 OJ L 171, 9.7.2003, p. 1. 
50 OJ L 157, 9.6.2006, p. 24. 
51 OJ L 59, 27.2.1998, p. 1 EN 16   EN and motor vehicles subject to Dir ective 2007/46/EC of the European 
Parliament and of the Council52; 
(g) vehicles primarily intended for off-ro ad use and designed to travel on unpaved 
surfaces; 
(h) cycles with pedal assistance which ar e equipped with an auxiliary electric 
motor having a maximum continuous rated power of 0.25 kW, where the 
output of the motor is cut off when the cyclist stops pedalling and is otherwise 
progressively reduced and finally cut off as the vehicle reaches a speed of 25 
km/h; 
(i) self-balancing machines; (j) vehicles not equipped with at least one s eating position. 
Article 3 
Definitions 
For the purposes of this Regulation and the acts listed in Annex II, except as 
otherwise provided therein, the fo llowing definitions shall apply: 
1. ‘type-approval’ means the procedure whereby an approval authority certifies that a 
type of vehicle, system, component or sepa rate technical unit sa tisfies the relevant 
administrative provisions a nd technical requirements; 
2. ‘type-approval certificate’ means the document whereby the approval authority 
officially certifies that a type of vehicle,  system, component or separate technical 
unit is approved; 
3. ‘whole-vehicle type-approval’ means a type -approval whereby an approval authority 
certifies that a complete vehicle satisfies the relevant administrative provisions and 
technical requirements; 
4. ‘EU type-approval’ means the procedure wher eby an approval authority certifies that 
a type of vehicle, system, co mponent or separate technica l unit satisfies the relevant 
administrative provisions and technical  requirements of this Regulation; 
5. ‘EU type-approval certificate’ means the cer tificate based on the model set out in the 
implementing act adopted under this Re gulation or the communication form 
accompanying the relevant equivalent UNECE  regulations listed in the delegated 
acts; 
6. ‘system type-approval’ means a type-app roval whereby an approval authority 
certifies that a system built into a vehicle of a specific type satisfies the relevant administrative provisions a nd technical requirements; 
7. ‘separate technical unit type-approval’ m eans a type-approval whereby an approval 
authority certifies that a separate technical unit satisfies the relevant administrative 
                                                
 
52 OJ L 263, 9.10.2007, p. 1 EN 17   EN provisions and technical requirements in rela tion to one or more specified types of 
vehicles; 
8. ‘component type-approval’ means a type-a pproval whereby an approval authority 
certifies that a component independently  of a vehicle satisfies the relevant 
administrative provisions a nd technical requirements; 
9. ‘national type-approval’ means a type-appr oval procedure laid down by the national 
law of a Member State, the va lidity of such approval being restricted to the territory 
of that Member State; 
10. ‘individual approval certificate’ means a document whereby the approval authority 
officially certifies that a pa rticular vehicle is approved; 
11. ‘certificate of conformity’ means a document that is based on the model set out in the 
implementing act and which is issued by th e vehicle manufacturer to certify that a 
vehicle, at the time of its completion, corres ponds to a type of vehicle type-approved 
in accordance with this Regulation; 
12. ‘base vehicle’ means any vehicle covered by this Regulation which is used at the 
initial stage of a multi-stage type-approval process; 
13. ‘incomplete vehicle’ means any vehicle which must undergo at least one further 
stage of completion in order to meet the relevant technical requirements of this 
Regulation; 
14. ‘completed vehicle’ means a vehicle result ing from the process of multi-stage type-
approval which meets the relevant techni cal requirements of this Regulation; 
15. ‘complete vehicle’ means any vehicle which need not be completed in order to meet 
the relevant technical require ments of this Regulation; 
16. ‘system’ means an assembly of devices co mbined to perform one  or more specific 
functions in a vehicle and wh ich is subject to the require ments of this Regulation or 
any of the delegated or implementing acts; 
17. ‘component’ means a device subject to the requ irements of this Regulation or any of 
its delegated or implementing acts which is intended to be part of a vehicle and may be type-approved independently of a vehicle in accordance with this Regulation and 
its delegated or implementing acts; 
18. ‘separate technical unit’ mean s a combination of devices subject to the requirements 
of this Regulation or any of its delegated or implementing acts which is intended to be part of a vehicle and may be type-approv ed separately in accordance with this 
Regulation and its delegate d or implementing acts; 
19. ‘Functional safety’ means the absence of un acceptable risk of physical injury or of 
damage to the health of people owing to  hazards caused by mal-functional behaviour 
of mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, elec trical and/or electronic systems, 
components or separate technical units; EN 18   EN 20. ‘pollution control device’ means those compon ents of a vehicle th at control and/or 
reduce tailpipe and/or evaporative emissions; 
21. ‘seating position’ means a space declared by the manufacturer as one where the 50th 
percentile human dummy can be  installed or a saddle; 
22. ‘compression ignition engine’ means a com bustion engine working according to the 
principles of the ‘Diesel’ combustion pr ocess and is abbreviated as CI engine; 
23. ‘positive ignition engine’ means a combus tion engine working according to the 
principles of the ‘Otto’ combustion pro cess and is abbreviated as PI engine; 
24. ‘hybrid vehicle’ means a powered vehicle e quipped with at least two different energy 
converters and two different energy storage systems (on- vehicle) for the purpose of 
vehicle propulsion; 
25. ‘hybrid electric vehicle’ means a hybrid vehicle that, for the purpose of propulsion, 
draws energy from both of the following on-vehicle sources of stored energy: 
(a) a consumable fuel, (b) an electric energy storage device; 
26. ‘propulsion’ means a combustion engine, an electric engine, any hybrid application 
or a combination of these engine types or any other engine type; 
27. ‘defeat device’ means any element of desi gn which senses temperature, vehicle 
speed, engine speed and/or load, transmi ssion gear, manifold vacuum or any other 
parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, de laying or deactivating the 
operation of any part of the emission control and exhaust after-treatment system and which reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system under conditions 
which may reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal vehicle operation 
and use; 
28. ‘durability’ means the ability of compone nts and systems to last so that the 
applicable emission limits can still be met after a mileage as defined in Annex VII 
and so that vehicle functional safety is guaranteed over the en tire life of a vehicle, if 
the vehicle is used under normal or intended circumstances; 
29. ‘engine capacity’ means: 
(a) for reciprocating piston engines,  the nominal engine swept volume, 
(b) for rotary-piston (Wankel) engines, double the nominal engine swept volume; 
30. ‘evaporative emissions’ means the hydrocarbon  vapours lost from the fuel storage 
and supply system of a motor vehicle and are hydrocarbon emissions other than those 
from tailpipe emissions; 
31. SHED test’ means a vehicle test in a seal ed house for evaporation determination, in 
which a special evaporative emission test is  conducted as defined in a delegated act; EN 19   EN 32. ‘gaseous-fuel system’ means a system composed  of gaseous fuel storage, fuel supply, 
metering and control components fitted to an engine in order to allow the engine to 
run on LPG, CNG or hydrogen as a mono-fu el, bi-fuel or multi -fuel application; 
33. ‘pollutant’ means the exhaust gas emi ssions of carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of 
nitrogen (NOx) expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) equivalent, particulate matter 
(PM), and hydrocarbons (H C), assuming a ratio of: 
(a) C 1H1.85 for petrol, 
(b) C 1H1.86 for diesel; 
34. ‘tailpipe emissions’ means the emission of po llutants at the tailpipe of the vehicle; 
35. ‘particulate matter’ means components of the exhaust gas which are removed from 
the diluted exhaust gas at a maximum temperature of 325 K (52  °C) by means of the 
filters described in the test procedure for verifying average tailpipe emissions in a 
delegated act; 
36. ‘World Motorcycle Testing Cycle’ means the world harmonised emission laboratory 
test cycle WMTC as defined by UNE CE global technical regulation 2; 
37. ‘manufacturer’ means the person or body who is responsible to the approval 
authority for all aspects of the type-approv al, authorisation process, for ensuring 
conformity of production and who is also responsible for market surveillance 
concerns for their produced vehicles, sy stems, components and separate technical 
units, whether or not the person or body is directly involved in all stages of the 
construction of the vehicle, system, component  or separate techni cal unit which is the 
subject of the approval process; 
38. ‘manufacturer’s representative’ means any na tural or legal person established in the 
Union who is duly appointed by the manufac turer to represent the manufacturer 
before the approval authority and to act on the manufacturer's behalf in matters 
covered by this Regulation; 
39. ‘importer’ means any natural or legal person established within the Union who sells, 
registers or is responsible for the entry in to service of a vehicle, system, component 
or separate technical unit from a third country on the Union market; 
40. ‘distributor’ means any natural or legal pe rson in the supply chain, other than the 
manufacturer or the importer, who sells, regi sters or is responsible for the entry into 
service of a vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit on the Union 
market; 
41. ‘economic operator’ means the manufacturer , the manufacturer’s representative, the 
importer or the distributor; 
42. ‘approval authority’ means the authority of a Member State established or appointed 
by the Member State, and notified to th e Commission by the Member State, with 
competence for all aspects of the approval of a type of vehicle, system, component or 
separate technical unit or of the individual approval of a vehicle, for the authorisation 
process, for issuing and, if appropriate, withdrawing approval certificates, for acting EN 20   EN as the contact point for the approval authorities of other Member States, for 
designating the technica l services and for ensuring that  the manufacturer meets his 
obligations regarding co nformity of production; 
43. ‘market surveillance authority’ means an aut hority of a Member State responsible for 
carrying out market surveillance on its territory; 
44. ‘national authority’ means an approval auth ority, a market surveillance authority or 
any other authority in a Memb er State involved in and re sponsible for type-approval, 
registration, market surveillance or import control in respect of vehicles, systems, 
components or separate technical uni ts covered by this Regulation; 
45. ‘technical service’ means an organisa tion or body designated by the approval 
authority of a Member State as a testing laboratory to carry out tests, or as a conformity assessment body to carry out the initial assessment and other tests or 
inspections, on behalf of the approval authority; 
46. ‘self-testing’ means the performance of test s in its own facilities, the registration of 
the test results and the submission of a re port, including conclusions, to the approval 
authority by a manufacturer that has been de signated as a techni cal service in order 
to assess compliance with certain requirements; 
47. ‘virtual testing method’ means computer  simulations, includi ng calculations, to 
demonstrate whether a vehicle,  system, component or sepa rate technical unit fulfils 
the technical requirements of this Regulati on or its delegated and implementing acts, 
without requiring the use of a physical ve hicle, system, component or separate 
technical unit; 
48. ‘On-board diagnostics’ is a monitoring syst em able to identif y the likely area of 
component or system malfunctioning, st oring diagnostic trouble codes and 
environmental information in a computer  memory, reporting these upon the request 
of a generic scan tool and warning the dr iver of severe func tional safety and/or 
environmental concerns through illuminati on of the malfunction indicator light on 
the instrument panel; 
49. ‘vehicle repair and maintenance information’ means all information required for 
diagnosis, servicing, inspection, periodic monitoring, repair, re-programming or re-
initialising of a vehicle a nd which manufacturers provide to  their authorised dealers 
and repairers, including al l subsequent amendments and supplements to such 
information. This information shall incl ude all information required for fitting 
systems, components or separate  technical units on vehicles; 
50. ‘independent operator’ means undertakings other than authorised dealers and 
repairers which are directly or indirectly involved in the repair and maintenance of motor vehicles; 
51. ‘new vehicle’ a vehicle meeti ng one of the following conditions: 
(a) has never been previously registered, or (b) has been registered for less than six months at the time of application for an 
individual approval; EN 21   EN 52. ‘end-of-series vehicle’ means any vehicle that  is part of a stock which cannot be sold, 
registered or enter into service owing to the entry into force of new technical requirements against which it has not been approved; 
53. ‘powered two-wheeler’ means a powered tw o-wheel vehicle, including powered two-
wheel cycles, two-wheel mopeds and two-wh eel motorcycles, and is abbreviated as 
‘PTW’; 
54. ‘powered tricycle’ means a powered three- wheel vehicle meeting the classification 
criteria for L5e category vehicles; 
55. ‘quadricycle’ means a four-wheel vehicle m eeting the classification criteria for L6e 
or L7e category vehicles; 
56. ‘self-balancing machine’ means a vehicle concept that is ba sed on an inherent 
unstable equilibrium and needs an auxiliary control system to maintain its balance, and which includes powered one-wheel vehicles or pow ered two-wheel, two-track 
vehicles; 
57. ‘on-road quad’ means a fou r-wheel vehicle designed to be driven on paved, public 
roads which meets the criteria for light on-road quads, category L6Ae, or heavy on-
road quads, category L7Ae; 
58. ‘trailer’ means any non-self-p ropelled vehicle designed and constructed to be towed 
by an L-category vehicle; 
59. ‘twinned wheels’ means two wheels mounted on the same axle which are considered 
to be one wheel, whereby the distance between  the centres of their areas of contact 
with the ground is equal to or less than 460 mm; 
60. ‘registration’ means the administrative authorisation for the entry into service in road 
traffic of a vehicle, involving the identification of the latter and the issuing to it of a serial number, to be known as the registration number, be it permanently, temporarily or for a short period of time; 
61. ‘entry into service’ means the first use, for its intended purpose, in the Union, of a 
vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit covered by this Regulation; 
62. ‘sale’ means any sale, from vehicle manufact urer to retailer or the sale to the end 
user; 
63. ‘to make available on the market’ means a ny supply of a vehicle,  system, component 
or separate technical unit fo r distribution or use on the Un ion market in the course of 
a commercial activity, whether in retu rn for payment or free of charge; 
64. ‘to place on the market’ means making ava ilable a vehicle, system, component or 
separate technical unit for the first time in the Union; 
65. ‘vehicle type’ means a group of vehicles , including variants and versions of a 
particular category that do not differ in at least the following essential respects: 
(a) category or subcategory; EN 22   EN (b) manufacturer; 
(c) chassis, frame, sub-frame, floor pa n or structure to wh ich major components 
are attached; 
(d) operating principles of their propulsion; (e) type designation given by the manufacturer; 
66. ‘variant’ means a vehicle of the same type where: 
(a) the basic characteristics of  the bodywork shape are the same; 
(b) they have the same propulsi on and propulsion configuration; 
(c) where a combustion engine is part of the propulsion, th ey have the same engine 
operating cycle; 
(d) they have the same number  and arrangement of cylinders; 
(e) they have the same type of gearbox; (f) the difference in mass in running or der between the lowest value and the 
highest value does not exceed 20
 % of the lowest value; 
(g) the difference in the maximum permissible mass between the lowest value and 
the highest value does not exceed 20  % of the lowest value; 
(h) the difference in the cylinder capacity of the power unit (in the case of a 
combustion unit) between the lowest value and the highest value does not exceed 30
 % of the lowest value; 
(i) the difference in the po wer output of the power unit between the lowest value 
and the highest value does not exceed 30  % of the lowest value. 
67. ‘version’ means a vehicle which consists of a combination of items shown in the 
information package referre d to in Article 27(10). 
Article 4 
Vehicle categories 
1. L-category vehicles comprise powered two- , three- and four-wheel vehicles as 
categorised in the following paragraphs and Annex I, including powered cycles, two- 
and three-wheel mopeds, two- and three-wh eel motorcycles, motorcycles with side-
cars, light and heavy on-road quads , and light and heavy mini-cars. 
2. For the purposes of this Regulation, the following vehicle categories and 
subcategories apply, as described in Annex I: 
(a) Category L1e vehicle (light two-wheel powered vehicle), sub-categorised into: 
(i) L1Ae vehicle (powered cycle); EN 23   EN (ii) L1Be vehicle (two-wheel moped). 
(b) Category L2e vehicle (three-wheel moped). (c) Category L3e vehicle (two-wheel motorcycle), sub-categorised by: 
(i) motorcycle performance
53 , further sub-categorised into: 
– A1 vehicle (low-performance motorcycle); – A2 vehicle (medium-performance motorcycle); – A3 vehicle (high-performance motorcycle). 
(ii) maximum designed vehicle speed: 
– lower than or equal to 130 km/h; 
– higher than 130 km/h. 
(d) Category L4e vehicle (two-wheel  motorcycle with side-car). 
(e) Category L5e vehicle (powered tricycle), sub-categorised into: 
(i) Subcategory L5Ae vehicle (tricycle); 
(ii) Subcategory L5Be vehicle (commercia l tricycle), further sub-categorised in: 
– L5Be – U vehicle: utility tricycle exclusively designed for the carriage of 
goods; 
– L5Be – P vehicle: vehicle mainly  designed and used for passenger 
transport. 
(f) Category L6e vehicle (light qua dricycles), sub-categorised into: 
(i) L6Ae vehicle (light on-road quad); (ii) L6Be vehicle (light mini-car ), further sub-categorised into: 
– L6Be – U vehicle: utility  vehicle exclusively desi gned for the carriage of 
goods; 
– L6Be – P vehicle: vehicle mainly  designed and used for passenger 
transport. 
(g) Category L7e vehicle (heavy quadr icycles), sub-categorised into: 
(i) Subcategory L7Ae vehi cle (heavy on-road quad); 
                                                
 
53 OJ L 403, 30.12.2006, recast Driving Licence Directive 2006/126/EC, p. 21, performance definitions, 
categories A1 and A2. EN 24   EN (ii) Subcategory L7Be vehicle (hea vy mini-car), sub-categorised into: 
– L7Be – U vehicle: utility  vehicle exclusively desi gned for the carriage of 
goods; 
– L7Be – P vehicle: vehicle mainly  designed and used for passenger 
transport. 
3. The L-category vehicles listed in paragraph 2 are further cl assified according to the 
propulsion of the vehicle into the following sub-categories: 
(a) propelled with an internal combustion engine: 
– compression ignition (CI); 
– positive ignition (PI); 
(b) propelled with an external combusti on engine, a turbine or a rotary piston 
engine, whereby, for the purpose of complying with environmental and 
functional safety requirements, a vehicl e equipped with such a propulsion is 
considered the same as a vehicle prope lled with a PI internal combustion 
engine; 
(c) propelled by an engine that runs on pre-compressed air and does not emit 
higher levels of pollutants and/or inert ga ses than the levels present in ambient 
air, whereby, with regard to functional safety requirements and fuel storage and 
supply, such a vehicle is considered to be a vehicle operated on gaseous fuel; 
(d) propelled with an electric engine; (e) a hybrid vehicle that combines any pr opulsion configuration referred to in the 
preceding subparagraphs (a), (b), (c) or  (d) or any multiple combination of 
these propulsion configurations including multiple combustion and/or electric engines. 
4. As regards the categorisation of L-category vehicles in paragraph 2: a vehicle that 
does not come under a certain category because  it exceeds at least one of the criteria 
stipulated for that category falls into the next category whose criteria it meets. This 
applies to the following groups of  categories and subcategories: 
(a) category L1e with its subcategories L1 Ae and L1Be and category L3e with its 
subcategories L3e - A1, L3e - A2 and L3e - A3; 
(b) category L2e and category L5e with  its subcategories L5Ae and L5Be; 
(c) category L6e with its subcategories L6 Ae and L6Be and category L7e with its 
subcategories L7Ae and L7Be; 
(d) any other logical sequence of categorie s and/or subcategories proposed by the 
manufacturer and approved by the type-approval authority. EN 25   EN CHAPTER II 
GENERAL OBLIGATIONS 
Article 5 
General obligations of Member States and  national authorities 
1. Member States shall establish and appoint the type-approval authorities competent in 
matters concerning approval and market surveillance authorities competent in 
matters concerning market surveillance in accordance with this Regulation. Member 
States shall notify the Commission of the establishment and appointment of such 
authorities in accordance with Article 68. 
The notification of the type -approval and market surveillance authorities shall 
include their name, address, including elec tronic address, and area of responsibility. 
2. National authorities shall perm it the sale, registration and entry into service of, only 
vehicles, components and separate  technical units th at satisfy the requirements of this 
Regulation. 
3. National authorities shall not pr ohibit, restrict or impede the registration of vehicles, 
components or separate technical units, their sale or entry into se rvice or their use on 
the road on grounds related to  aspects of their construc tion and functioning covered 
by this Regulation, if they satisfy its requirements. 
4. Member States shall organise and carry out market surveillance and controls of 
vehicles, systems, components or separate technical units entering the Union market 
in accordance with Chapter III of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008. 
Article 6 
General obligations of approval authorities  
1. Approval authorities shall ensure that manufacturers applyi ng for type-approval 
comply with their obligat ions under this Regulation. 
2. Approval authorities shall ap prove only vehicles, system s, components or separate 
technical units that sa tisfy the requirements of this Regulation. 
Article 7 
General obligations of manufacturers  
1. Manufacturers shall ensure that  when their vehicles, systems, components or separate 
technical units are sold or are entering into service, these are manufactured and 
approved in accordance with the requireme nts set out in this Regulation and the 
delegated and implementing acts adopted unde r this Regulation. In the case of multi-
stage type-approval, each manufacturer is responsible fo r the approval and 
conformity of production of the systems, components or separate technical units 
added at the stage of vehicle comple tion handled by the manufacturer. Any 
manufacturer who modifies components or  systems already approved at earlier EN 26   EN stages shall be responsible  for the approval and confor mity of production of those 
components and systems. 
2. Manufacturers who modify the incomplete vehi cle such that it qua lifies as a different 
category of vehicle, with the consequence that the legal requirements already assessed in a previous stage of approval have changed, are also responsible for 
compliance with the ch anged requirements. 
3. For the purposes of approval of vehicles, sy stems, components or separate technical 
units covered by this Regulation manufactur ers established outside the Union shall 
appoint a single representative established w ithin the Union to represent them before 
the approval authority. 
4. They shall furthermore appoint a repr esentative for the purposes of market 
surveillance, which may be the representativ e referred to in the second paragraph or 
one additional representative. 
5. Manufacturers shall be responsible to the approval authority for all aspects of the 
approval process and for ensuring conformity  of production, whether or not they are 
directly involved in all stag es of the construction of a vehicle, system, component or 
separate technical unit. 
6. Manufacturers shall ensure that procedures  are in place for series production to 
remain in conformity. Changes in design of a vehicle, system, component or separate 
technical unit or characteristics and changes in the requirements to which a vehicle, 
system, component or separate technical unit is declared to  conform shall be 
adequately taken into account. 
7. In addition to the statutory marking and t ype-approval marks fixed to their vehicles, 
systems, components or separate techni cal units in accordance with Article 37, 
manufacturers shall indicate their name, regi stered trade name or registered trade 
mark and the address at which they can be  contacted on their vehicles, systems, 
components or separate technical units or, where that is not possible for systems, 
components or separate technical units , on the packaging or in a document 
accompanying the system, component or separate technical unit. The address must indicate a single point at which th e manufacturer can be contacted. 
8. Manufacturers shall ensure that, while a ve hicle, system, component or separate 
technical unit is under their responsibility, storage or transport conditions do not 
jeopardise its compliance with the requi rements set out in this Regulation. 
Article 8 
Obligations of manufacturers co ncerning conformity of vehicl es, systems, components or 
separate technical units  
1. Manufacturers who consider or have reason to believe that when their vehicle, 
system, component or separate technical uni t which has been sold or enters into 
service is not in conformity with this Regulation or the delegated and implementing acts adopted under this Regulation shall im mediately take the corrective measures 
necessary to bring that vehi cle, system, component or se parate technical unit into 
conformity, to withdraw it or to  recall it, as appropriate.  EN 27   EN 2. Where the vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit presents a risk, 
manufacturers shall immediately inform  the market surveillance and approval 
authorities of the Member States in which the vehicle, system, component or separate 
technical unit was sold or had entered into service to that effect , giving details, in 
particular, of the non-conformity and any corrective measures taken. 
3. Manufacturers shall keep the information folder referred to in Article 25 and the 
certificates of conformity referred to in Article 36 at the disposal of the approval 
authorities for a period of at least 10 years. 
4. Manufacturers shall, followi ng a substantiated request from a competent national 
authority, provide it with all the information and documentation necessary to demonstrate the conformity of the vehicle,  system, component or separate technical 
unit, in one of the official languages of  the Member State of that authority. 
Manufacturers shall cooperate with the national authority, at its request, on any 
action taken to eliminate the risks posed by their vehicles, systems, components or 
separate technical units which have been so ld, registered or entered into service. 
Article 9 
Obligations of manufacturers’ representative concerning market surveillance 
The manufacturer’s representative for mark et surveillance shall perform the tasks 
specified in the mandate received from th e manufacturer. This mandate shall allow 
the representative to do at least the following: 
(1) keep the information folder referred to in Article 25 and the certificates of 
conformity referred to in Article 36 at the disposal of the approval authorities for a period of at least 10 years; 
(2) following a substantiate d request from an approva l authority, provide that 
authority with all the information and documentation necessary to demonstrate the conformity of a vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit; 
(3) cooperate with the market surveillan ce and/or approval authorities, at their 
request, on any action taken to eliminate the risk posed by vehicles, systems, 
components or separate technical units covered by their mandate. 
Article 10 
General obligations of importers 
1. Importers shall sell or register only co mpliant vehicles, systems, components or 
separate technical units  on the Union market. 
2. Before the sale, registration or entry into service of a vehicle, system, component or 
separate technical unit, importe rs shall ensure that the ve hicle, system, component or 
separate technical unit is EU type approved. Importers  shall ensure that the 
information package complies with the re quirements of Article 27(10), that the 
vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit bears the required type-approval mark, is accompanied by the requi red documents, comp lies with Article 
7(7) and that the manufacture r has complied with the requirements of Article 7(6). EN 28   EN 3. Where importers consider or have reason to believe that a vehicle, system, 
component or separate technical unit is not  in conformity with  the requirements of 
this Regulation, in particular does not corr espond to its type-appr oval, they shall not 
sell or register the vehicle, system, com ponent or separate te chnical unit until it has 
been brought into conformity. Furthermore, where they consider or have reason to 
believe that the vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit presents a risk, 
they shall inform the manufacturer, the ma rket surveillance and approval authorities 
to that effect. 
4. Importers shall indicate their name, register ed trade name or registered trade mark 
and the address at which they can be contacted on the vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit or, where this is  not possible for systems, components or 
separate technical units, on its packaging or in a document accompanying the system, 
component or separate technical unit. 
5. Importers shall ensure that th e vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit 
is accompanied by the required instructions and information, as required in accordance with Article 59, in the offi cial languages of the Member States 
concerned. 
6. Importers shall ensure that, while a vehicle, system, co mponent or separate technical 
unit is under their responsibil ity, storage or transport cond itions do not jeopardise its 
compliance with the requirements  set out in this Regulation. 
7. When deemed appropriate with regard to the risks presented by a vehicle, system, 
component or separate technica l unit, importers sha ll, to protect the health and safety 
of consumers, investigate and, if necessary, keep a register of co mplaints and recalls 
of non-conforming vehicles, systems, com ponents or separate technical units and 
keeping distributors inform ed of such monitoring. 
Article 11 
Obligations of importers concerning confor mity of a vehicle, system, component or 
separate technical unit  
1. Importers who consider or have reason to believe that a vehicle, system, component 
or separate technical unit wh ich they have sold registered  or are responsible for the 
entry into service is not in conformity with  this Regulation shall immediately take the 
corrective measures necessary to bring that  vehicle, system, co mponent or separate 
technical unit into conform ity, to withdraw it or to recall it, as appropriate.  
2. Where a vehicle, system, component or se parate technical unit presents a risk, 
importers shall immediately inform the ma rket surveillance and approval authorities 
of the Member States in which they have  made the vehicle, system, component or 
separate technical unit availabl e to that effect, giving de tails, in particular, of the 
non- conformity and any co rrective measures taken. 
3. Importers shall, for a period of 10 years, k eep a copy of the certi ficate of conformity 
at the disposal of the market surveillance and approval authorities and ensure that the 
information package as referred to in Article 27(10) can be made available to those authorities, upon request. EN 29   EN 4. Importers shall, following a substantiated request from a national authority, provide 
it with all the information and documen tation necessary to demonstrate the 
conformity of a vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit in one of the 
official languages of the Member State of  that authority. Importers shall cooperate 
with that authority, at its request, on any action taken to eliminate the risks posed by 
a vehicle, system, component or separate  technical unit which they have sold, 
registered or are responsible for entry into service of a vehicle, system, component or 
separate technical unit. 
Article 12 
General obligations of distributors 
1. Distributors shall act with due care in relation to the requirements applicable in the 
case of the sale, registration or entry into service of a vehicle, system, component or 
separate technical unit . 
2. Before selling, registering or the entry into  service of a vehicle, system, component 
or separate technical unit, distributors shall verify that the vehicle, system, 
component or separate technical unit bear s the required statutory plate or type-
approval mark, that it is accompanied by th e required documents and by instructions 
and safety information in the official la nguages of the Member State in which the 
vehicle, system, component or separate tech nical unit is to be sold, registered or 
enters into service, and that the manufact urer and the importer  have complied with 
the requirements set out in Ar ticle 7(6), 7 (7) and 10 (4). 
3. Distributors shall en sure that, while a vehicle, sy stem, component or separate 
technical unit is under their responsibility, storage or transport conditions do not 
jeopardise its compliance with the requi rements set out in this Regulation. 
Article 13 
Obligations of distributors concerning confor mity of a vehicle, system, component or 
separate technical unit  
1. Where distributors consider or have reason to believe that a vehicle, system, 
component or separate technical unit is not  in conformity with  the requirements of 
this Regulation, they shall not sell or re gister the vehicle, system, component or 
separate technical unit and shall prevent its  entry into service until it has been 
brought into conformity. 
2. Distributors who consider or have reas on to believe that a vehicle, system, 
component or separate technica l unit which they have sold or registered or for which 
they are responsible for the entry into se rvice, is not in conformity with this 
Regulation, shall make sure that the correc tive measures are taken necessary to bring 
that vehicle, system, component or sepa rate technical unit in to conformity, to 
withdraw it or to recal l it, as appropriate.  
3. Where the vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit presents a risk, 
distributors shall immediately inform, to that  effect and giving de tails, in particular, 
of the non-conformity and of any correctiv e measures taken, the market surveillance 
and approval authorities of th e Member States in which they sold, registered or in EN 30   EN which distributors were responsible for the en try into service of the vehicle, system, 
component or separate technical unit as we ll as the manufacturer and the importer. 
4. Distributors shall, follow ing a substantiated request from a national authority, 
provide it with all the in formation and documentation ne cessary to demonstrate the 
conformity of a vehicle, system, component  or separate technical unit. They shall 
cooperate with that au thority, at its request, on any actio n taken to eliminate the risks 
posed by the vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit which they have 
sold or registered or for which they were  responsible for its en try into service.  
Article 14 
Additional obligations of importers and distributors 
An importer or distributor shall be considered  a manufacturer for th e purposes of this 
Regulation and shall be subject to the oblig ations of the manufact urer under Articles 
7 to 9, where the importer or distributor sells,  registers or is responsible for the entry 
into service of a vehi cle, system, component or separa te technical unit under its name 
or trademark or modifies a vehicle, syst em, component or sepa rate technical unit 
already sold, registered or entered into se rvice in such a way that compliance with 
the applicable requirements may be affected. 
Article 15 
Identification of economic operators 
Economic operators shall, on request, id entify the following to the market 
surveillance and approval authoritie s, for a period of 10 years: 
(1) any economic operator who has supp lied them with a vehicle, system, 
component or separate technical unit; 
(2) any economic operator to whom they  have supplied a vehicle, system, 
component or separate technical unit. 
CHAPTER III 
SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS  
Article 16  
General substantive requirements 
1. L-category vehicles and systems, component s and separate techni cal units intended 
for such vehicles shall comply with the requirements listed in Annex II to VIII. 
2. In order to ensure a hi gh level of safety and environmental protection, the 
Commission shall lay down detailed tech nical requirements, including test 
procedures and limit values where applicab le, only for requirements other than the 
environmental limits and thresholds listed in Annex VI and VII to this Regulation, by 
means of delegated acts in accordance with Articles 76, 77 and 78. EN 31   EN Article 17 
Prohibition of defeat devices   
The use of defeat devices that reduce the effectiveness of safety, electromagnetic 
compatibility, the on-board diagnostics sy stem, sound abatement or of pollutant 
emission abatement systems shall be prohibite d. An element of design shall not be 
considered a defeat device if a ny of the following conditions is met: 
(1) the need for the device is justified in terms of protecting the engine against 
damage or accident and ensuring safe operation of the vehicle; 
(2) the device does not function beyond th e requirements of engine starting; 
(3) the operating conditions are included to a substantial ex tent in the test 
procedures for verifying if the vehicle complies with this Regulation and with 
its delegated and implementing acts. 
Article 18 
Measures regarding modifications  to the powertrain of vehicles 
1. ‘Powertrain’ means the components and syst ems of a vehicle th at generate power 
and deliver it to the road surface, includi ng the engine(s), the engine management 
systems or any other control module, the pollution control devices, the transmission 
and its control, either a driv e shaft or belt drive or chai n drive, the differentials, the 
final drive, and the driven wheel tyre (radius). 
2. L-category vehicles shall be equipped with designated measures to prevent 
tampering of a vehicle's powertrain, to be la id down in a delegate d act by means of a 
series of technical requirements and specifications with the aim: 
(a) to prevent modifications that may prej udice safety, in par ticular by increasing 
vehicle performance through tampering with  the powertrain in order to increase 
the maximum torque and/ or power and/ or maximum designed vehicle speed as 
declared by the manufacturer of a vehicle upon type-approval, and/or 
(b) to prevent damage to the environment. 
3. The Commission shall lay down the specifi c requirements regarding the measures 
referred to in paragraph 2 by means of a delegated act adopted in accordance with 
Articles 76, 77 and 78.  
4. After a modification of the powertrain, a ve hicle shall comply with the technical 
requirements of the initial vehicle categor y and subcategory, or, if applicable, the 
new vehicle category and subcategory, which we re in force when the original vehicle 
was sold, registered or entered into servic e, including the latest amendments to the 
requirements. EN 32   EN Article 19 
General requirements of on-board diagnostic systems  
1. Four years after the date referred to in th e second subparagraph of Article 82, all new 
vehicles in subcategories L1Be, L3e, L5e,  L6Ae and L7Ae shall be equipped with 
the first stage of an on-board diagnostic (OBD) system which monitors and reports 
on electric circuit continuit y, shorted and open electric circ uits and circuit rationality 
of the engine and vehicle management systems (OBD I). 
2. Six years after the date refe rred to in the second subpara graph of Artic le 82, all new 
vehicles in subcategories L6Be and L7Be shall be equipped with OBD I. 
3. Eight years after the date referred to in  the second subparagra ph of Article 82, all 
new vehicles shall be equipped with OBD I.  
4. Following confirmation in a decision adopt ed by the Commission in accordance with 
Article 21(4), eight years af ter the date referred to in  the second subparagraph of 
Article 82, all new vehicles in (sub-)cate gories L1Be, L3e, L5e, L6Ae and L7Ae 
shall in addition also be equipped with the second stage of an on-board diagnostic system (OBD II) which, in addition to OBD I, monitors not only complete failures 
but also deterioration of systems, com ponents or separate technical units during 
vehicle life under the condition that its cost-effectiveness is proven in the environmental effect study
 referred to in article 21(4) and (5). 
5. The detailed OBD emission thresholds are laid down in Annex VI(B).  
6. Powers are conferred on the Commission to adopt, in accordance with Article 76, 77 
and 78 a delegated act laying down the detail ed technical requirements related to on-
board diagnostics, including functional OB D requirements and test procedures for 
the subjects listed in paragraphs 1 to 5 in  order to ensure a high level of functional 
safety, environmental protection and the same  standardised level of access to repair 
and maintenance information for all vehicle repairers. 
Article 20  
Requirements for the functional safety of vehicles 
1. Manufacturers shall ensure that vehicles ar e designed, constructed and assembled so 
as to minimise the risk of injury to the vehicle occupants and other road users. The 
vehicle functional safety sha ll be guaranteed over the entire  life of a vehicle, if the 
vehicle is used under normal or intended circumstances 
2. Manufacturers shall ensu re that vehicles, systems, co mponents and separate technical 
units comply with the relevant requirements set out in Annexes II and VIII and comply with the test procedures and pe rformance requirements as laid down in a 
delegated act. 
3. The requirements referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall apply to vehicles, systems, 
components and separate technical units insofa r as they are declared applicable to the 
relevant vehicle categ ory by this Regulation. EN 33   EN 4. In order to ensure that a high level of safety is obtai ned, the Commission shall lay 
down specific requirements regarding the functi onal safety of vehi cles, including test 
procedures and limit values, by means of a delegated act in accordance with Articles 
76, 77 and 78. 
Article 21 
Requirements for environmental performance 
1. Manufacturers shall ensure that vehicles ar e designed, constructed and assembled so 
as to minimise the impact on the environm ent. Manufacturers shall ensure that type-
approved vehicles meet the environmental requ irements over vehicle life as set out in 
Annexes V, VI and VII . 
2. Manufacturers shall ensu re that vehicles, systems, co mponents and separate technical 
units comply with the test procedures a nd test requirements to be laid down in a 
delegated act referred to in paragraph 12. 
3. Manufacturers shall ensure that type-approv al requirements for verifying durability 
requirements are met. At the choice of the manufacturer one of the following 
durability test procedures may be used to provide evidence to the type-approval authority that the environmental performan ce of a type-approved vehicle is durable: 
(a) actual durability testing of  vehicles by covering a dist ance set out in part A of 
Annex VII and demonstrate to the type-approval authority that the 
environmental requirements set out in this Regulation and its delegated and implementing acts are met during mileage accumulation of the vehicle in regular intervals and at the end of mileage accumulation ; 
(b) by multiplying the deterioration factors set out in part B of Annex VII and the 
environmental test results of a vehicle which has accumulated more than 100 km after it was first started at the e nd of the production line; the calculation 
results shall be lower than the environmental limits from part A of Annex VI 
and prove the following: 
– The manufacturer shall in this pr ocedure demonstrate to the type-
approval authority the environmental performance of a vehicle which has 
accumulated more than 100 km after it was first started at the end of the production line, equipped with rapi dly aged systems and components; 
– When using this procedure the manuf acturer shall provide evidence to 
the type-approval authority and prove the validity of the correlation between the two durability proced ures set out in (a) and (b). 
4. By 1 January 2016 at the latest, the Comm ission shall carry out a comprehensive 
environmental effect study. The study shall ev aluate the air quality and the share of 
pollutants contributed by L-category vehicles and shall cover the requirements of test 
types I, IV, V, VII and VIII listed in Annex V.  It shall collate and evaluate the latest 
scientific data, scientific research findings, modelling and cost efficiency with a view to establishing definitive policy measures by confirmation of the Euro 5 enforcement dates (Euro 6 dates for L3e motorcycles) laid down in Annex IV and the Euro 5 
(Euro 6 for L3e motorcycles) environmenta l requirements laid down in Annexes V, EN 34   EN VI(A3), VI(B2), VI(C2) and Annex V II concerning Euro 5 (Euro 6 for L3e 
motorcycles) durability mileages  and deterioration factors. 
5. Based on the findings of the environmen tal effect study the Commission shall 
confirm: 
(a) the enforcement dates of the Euro 5 level (Euro 6 for category L3e 
motorcycles) referred to in Annex IV; 
(b) the Euro 5 emission limits (Euro 6 for category L3e motorcycles) referred to in 
Annex VI(A3) and the OBD thresholds in Annex VI(B2); 
(c) that all new vehicles in (sub-)categor ies L3e, L5e, L6Ae and L7Ae in addition 
to OBD stage I shall also be equipped with OBD stage II at the Euro 5 level (Euro 6 for category L3e motorcycles); 
(d) that in-service conformity  testing requirements shall be introduced at the Euro 
5 level (Euro 6 for L3e motorcycles), fo r which (sub-)categories of L-category 
vehicles this in-service conformity te sting shall be introduced and by when it 
shall become mandatory for all L-cate gory vehicle categories. "In-service 
conformity" means testing of representati ve vehicles from the market fleet in 
order to verify if the tec hnical measures taken by the manufacturer continue to 
be such as to ensure that the tailpipe  and evaporative emissions are effectively 
limited and the functional safety measures and associated safety performance levels are actually met, pursuant to th is Regulation, throughout the normal life 
of the vehicles under normal conditions of use. 
(e) which of the (sub-)categories L1Ae, L1 Be, L2e, L5Be, L6Be and L7Be for the 
Euro 5 level should only be subject to  SHED testing or alternatively should 
only be subject to fuel tank and tubing permeation testing, with the test limits 
listed in Annex VI(C2). 
(f) the durability mileages for the Euro 5 level (Euro 6 for category L3e 
motorcycles) referred to in Annex VII(A ) and the deterioration factors for the 
Euro 5 level (Euro 6 for L3e motorcycles) referred to in Annex VII(B). 
(g) to determine the feasibility, the associated enforcement date and for which 
(sub-)categories off-cycle emission re quirements shall be introduced beyond 
the Euro 5 level (Euro 6 for L3e motorcycles). 
6. Fully electric-propelled vehicles and/or ve hicles propelled only  with pre-compressed 
air are excluded from the environmental requirements listed in Annex V, test type I to VIII. These vehicles shall comply with  the functional require ments of OBD, as 
laid down in a delegated act in order to re pair these vehicles efficiently in case of 
malfunction. 
7. Gaseous-fuelled vehicles shall comply with type-approval emission limits and with 
the OBD emission thresholds for positive ignition (PI) engines. They shall also comply with the associated test proce dures and requirements as defined in a 
delegated act as referred to in paragr aph 12. Mono-, bi- or multi-fuel gaseous-
propelled vehicles and/or hybrid electric vehicles are excluded from SHED test 
requirements for evaporative emissions. El ectric hybrid and/or  gaseous-fuelled EN 35   EN vehicles partially propelled with a PI engi ne running on gasoline, gasoline blends or 
ethanol shall only comply with fuel tank and fuel supply line permeability 
requirements as laid down in a delega ted act referred to in paragraph 12. 
8. Vehicles propelled with a CI engine that consumes only low-volatile  diesel or diesel-
equivalent fuels shall be excluded from  the evaporative emission test limits and 
requirements. 
9. Vehicles of category L4e must meet the environmental requirements laid down in 
Annex V for vehicles of category L3e, where by at the choice of the manufacturer for 
test types I, IV, VII and V III of Annex V either only th e base powered vehicle is 
tested, without the side car being fitted or the complete assembly. 
10. ‘Replacement pollution control device’ means a device or an assembly of such 
devices that is intended to replace an origin al pollution control de vice and that can be 
approved as a separate technical unit as defined in the delegated and implementing 
acts to this Regulation. 
Manufacturers shall ensure that all replacem ent pollution control devices sold or at 
the entry into service in the European Un ion, are type-approved in accordance with 
this Regulation. 
11. The requirements referred to in paragraphs 1 to 10 shall apply to vehicles, systems, 
components and separate technical units in accordance with Annex II. 
12. In order to ensure a high level of envi ronmental protection, the Commission shall lay 
down the detailed technical specifications  on environmental requirements including 
test procedures for the subj ects listed in paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and 5 by means of a 
delegated act in accordance with Articles 76, 77 and 78. 
Article 22 
Additional environmental requirements with regards to greenhouse gas emissions and fuel 
consumption  
1. CO 2 (Carbon dioxide) emissions shall be dete rmined in the applicable laboratory 
emission test cycle by the manufacturer and reported to the appr oval authority. Fuel 
consumption shall be either calculate d based on the type-approval emission 
laboratory results or measured and reported to the approval authority. 
2. The CO 2 measurement result and the calculated or measured fuel consumption shall 
be included in the information folder and both shall also be indicated on the 
certificate of conformity. 
In addition to the indication on the certifi cate of conformity, th e manufacturers shall 
ensure that the CO 2 emission and fuel consumption da ta are provided to the buyer of 
the vehicle at the time of purchase of a new vehicle, in a format which they consider 
appropriate. 
3. The Commission shall lay down the CO 2 emission measurement and fuel 
consumption calculation or measurement methods by means of a delegated act, 
adopted in accordance with Articles 76, 77 and 78.  EN 36   EN CHAPTER IV 
EU TYPE-APPROVAL PROCEDURES 
Article 23  
Procedures for EU type-approval   
1. When applying for type approval of a vehi cle, the manufacturer may choose one of 
the following procedures: 
(a) step-by-step type-approval; (b) single-step type-approval; (c) multi-stage approval. For the type approval of systems, component s or separate technical units, the single- 
step type-approval procedure shall apply. 
2. Step-by-step type-approval sh all consist in the step-by-st ep collection of the whole 
set of EU type-approval ce rtificates for the systems,  components and separate 
technical units forming part of  the vehicle, and which leads,  at the final stage, to the 
approval of the whole vehicle. 
3. Single-step type-approval shall consist in the approval of a vehicle as a whole by 
means of a single operation. 
4. In a multi-stage type-approval procedure, one or more approval authorities certify 
that, depending on the state of completion, an incomplete or completed type of 
vehicle satisfies the relevant administrative provisions and techni cal requirements of 
this Regulation. 
Multi-stage type-approval shal l be granted in respect of a type of incomplete or 
completed vehicle which conforms to the pa rticulars in the information folder and 
which meets the technical requirements laid down in the relevant acts listed in Annex 
II, having regard to the state of completion of the vehicle. 
The type-approval for the final stage of completion shall be granted only after the 
type-approval authority has verified that  the type-approval(s) issued for the 
incomplete vehicle certify that the vehicle type approved at the final stage meets all 
technical requirements applicable at the tim e when the type-approval(s) were issued, 
to the category of vehicle for which the ty pe-approval for the completed vehicle is 
granted. 
The multi-stage approval referred to in point (c) of paragraph 1 shall apply only to 
utility vehicles of sub-categories L5Be – U, L6Be – U and L7Be – U. 
5. The choice of approval procedure shall not affect the applicable  requirements with 
which the approved vehicle type has to comp ly at the time of issuing of the whole-
vehicle type-approval. EN 37   EN 6. Implementing powers are conferred on th e Commission in order to lay down 
templates for the details of the arrangements with regard to type-approval procedures 
in Article 73. 
Article 24  
Application for type-approval 
1. The manufacturer shall submit the appli cation for type-approval to the approval 
authority. 
2. Only one application may be submitted in respect of a particular type of vehicle, 
system, component or separa te technical unit and it ma y be submitted in only one 
Member State. 
3. A separate application shall be subm itted for each type to be approved. 
Article 25  
Information folder  
1. The applicant shall provide to the appr oval authority an information folder. 
2. The information folder shall include the following: 
(1) an information document in accordance with the template established by the 
Commission pursuant to Article 73; 
(2) all data, drawings, photographs a nd other information required in the 
implementing act adopted pursuant to Article 73; 
(3) for vehicles, indication of the proce dure chosen in accordance with Article 
23(1). 
3. The information folder may be supplie d on paper or in electronic format. 
Article 26  
Specific requirements for information to be provided in the application for type-approval 
under different procedures  
1. An application for step-by-step type -approval shall be accompanied by an 
information folder in accordance with Article 25 and by the complete set of type-
approval certificates required pursuant to each  of the applicable acts listed in Annex 
II. 
2. An application for single-step type-approva l shall be accompanied by an information 
folder in accordance with Article 25 containi ng the relevant information in relation to 
the acts listed in Annex II. 
3. Without prejudice to paragraphs 1 and 2, th e following information shall be supplied 
for the purposes of multi-stage type-approval: EN 38   EN (a) in the first stage, those parts of the information folder and the EU type-
approval certificates required for a complete vehicle which are relevant to the state of completion of the base vehicle; 
(b) in the second and subsequent stages, those parts of the in formation folder and 
the EU type-approval certificates which are relevant to the current stage of 
construction, together with a copy of th e EU type-approval certificate for the 
vehicle issued at the preceding stage of  construction and full details of any 
changes or additions made to the vehicle. 
4. The approval authority may, by reasoned reque st, require the manuf acturer to supply 
any additional information needed to enable  a decision to be ta ken on which tests are 
required or to facilitate th e execution of those tests. 
CHAPTER V 
CONDUCT OF EU TYPE-APPROVAL PROCEDURES 
Article 27 
General provisions 
1. Approval authorities shall grant an EU type-approval only af ter verifying the 
conformity of production procedures referred to in Article 31 and the compliance of 
the type of vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit with the applicable 
requirements. 
2. EU type-approvals shall be granted in accordance with Articles 29, 30, 31 and 32. 
3. If an approval authority finds  that a type of vehicle, sy stem, component or separate 
technical unit, though c onforming to the required provis ions, presents a serious risk 
to safety or may seriously harm the environment or public  health, it may refuse to 
grant EU type-approval. In this case, it  shall immediately send to the approval 
authorities of the other Member States a nd the Commission a deta iled file explaining 
the reasons for its decision and set ting out the evidence for its findings. 
4. EU type-approval certificat es shall be numbered in accordance with a harmonised 
system as laid down in the implementing act  adopted in accordan ce with Article 73. 
5. The approval authority shall, within one month, send to the approval authorities of 
the other Member States a copy of the EU ve hicle type-approval ce rtificate, together 
with the attachments, for each type of vehicle which it has approved. The copy may take the form of an electronic file. 
6. The approval authority shall inform wit hout delay the approval authorities of the 
other Member States of its refusal or with drawal of any vehicl e approval, together 
with the reasons for its decision. 
7. At three-monthly intervals, the approva l authority shall send to the approval 
authorities of the other Member States a lis t of the EU type-approvals it has granted, 
amended, refused to grant or withdrawn for systems, components or separate 
technical units during the preceding period. EN 39   EN 8. If so requested by an approval authority of another Member State, the approval 
authority which has granted an EU type -approval shall, w ithin one month of 
receiving that request, send to the former a copy of the EU type -approval ce rtificate 
in question requested, together with the at tachments. The copy may take the form of 
an electronic file. 
9. If so requested by the Commission, th e approval authority  shall submit the 
information referred to in paragraphs  5 to 8 to the Commission as well. 
10. The approval authority shall put together an information package consisting of the 
information folder accompanied by the test reports and all other documents added by 
the technical service or by the approval aut hority to the information folder in the 
course of carrying out their functions. Th e information package shall contain an 
index listing of the contents of the info rmation package, suitably numbered or 
otherwise marked so as to identify clear ly all the pages and the format of each 
document such as to present a record of the successive steps in the management of the EU type-approval, in particular  the dates of revisions and updating. 
Article 28 
Specific provisions concerning the issu ing of EU whole-vehicle type-approval 
1. The type-approval certificate shall c ontain, as attachments, the following: 
(a) the information package referred to in Article 27(10); (b) the test results; (c) the name(s) and specimen(s) of the signa ture(s) of the person(s) authorised to 
sign certificates of conformity and a st atement of their pos ition in the company. 
2. The type-approval certificate shall be issued on the basis of the te mplate laid down in 
implementing act adopted in accordance with Article 73. 
3. In respect of each type of vehicle, the approval authority shall: 
(a) complete all the relevant sections of the EU type-approval certificate, including 
the test results sheet appended thereto, in accordance with the template for the 
type-approval certificate; 
(b) compile the index to the information package; (c) issue the completed certificate, together  with its attachment s, to the applicant 
without delay. 
4. In the case of an EU type-approval fo r which, in accordance with Article 39, 
restrictions have been imposed as to its  validity, or certain provisions of this 
Regulation or the delegated and implem enting acts adopted under this Regulation 
have been waived, the EU type-approval certif icate shall specify t hose restrictions or 
waivers. EN 40   EN Where the manufacturer chooses the si ngle-step type-approval procedure, the 
approval authority shall establish a list of applicable requirement s or acts and append 
that list to the EU type-approval certificate.  
Article 29 
Specific provisions concerning systems, components or separate technical units  
1. EU type-approval shall be granted in resp ect of a system which conforms to the 
particulars in the information folder and wh ich meets the technical requirements laid 
down in the relevant ac ts listed in Annex II. 
2. An EU type-approval for a component or sepa rate technical unit sh all be granted in 
respect of a component or separate technica l unit that conforms to the particulars in 
the information folder and which meets the technical requirements laid down in the 
relevant separate acts listed in Annex II. 
3. Where components or separate  technical units, whether or  not intended for repair, 
servicing or maintenance, are also covere d by a system type-approval with respect to 
a vehicle, no additional component or se parate technical unit approval shall be 
required unless provided for under the re levant acts listed in Annex II. 
4. Where a component or separate technical unit fulfils its function or offers a specific 
feature only in conjunction with other parts of the vehicle, thereby making it possible 
to verify compliance with the requirements only when the component or separate technical unit is operating in conjunction with those other vehicle parts, the scope of 
the EU type-approval of the component or  the separate technical unit shall be 
restricted accordingly. 
In such cases, the EU type-approval certifi cate shall specify any restriction on the use 
of the component or separate technical un it and shall indicate the special conditions 
for its mounting.  
Where such a component or separate t echnical unit is fitted by the vehicle 
manufacturer, compliance with any applicab le restrictions on us e or conditions for 
mounting shall be verified at the time when the vehicle is approved. 
Article 30 
Tests required for EU type-approval 
1. Compliance with the technical prescriptions laid down in this Regulation and in the 
acts listed in Annex II shall be demonstrat ed by means of appropriate tests performed 
by designated technical services. 
The test procedures referred to in the first subparagrap h and the specific equipment 
and tools prescribed to perf orm those tests shall be those laid down in the relevant 
acts listed in Annex II. 
2. The manufacturer shall make available to the approval au thority as many vehicles, 
components or separate techni cal units as are re quired under the rele vant acts listed 
in Annex II for the performa nce of the required tests. EN 41   EN 3. The required tests shall be performed on vehicles, components and separate technical 
units which are representative of the type to be approved. 
However, the manufacturer may select, in  agreement with the approval authority, a 
vehicle, system, component or separate t echnical unit which, while  not representative 
of the type to be approved, combines a number of the most unfavourable features 
with regard to the required level of pe rformance. Virtual testing methods may be 
used to aid decision-making dur ing the selection process. 
4. Subject to the agreement of the approval authority, virtual testing methods may be 
used as alternatives to the test procedures referred to in paragra ph 1 at the request of 
the manufacturer with respect to those re quirements listed in the delegated acts 
adopted under this Regulation. 
5. Virtual testing methods shall fulfil the conditions set out in the delegated acts 
adopted under this Regulation. 
6. In order to ensure that the results obtain ed through virtual testi ng are as meaningful 
as those obtained through physical te sting, the Commission shall lay down the 
requirements which can be subject to virt ual testing and the conditions under which 
the virtual testing must be performed, by m eans of a delegated act in accordance with 
Articles 76, 77 and 78. 
Article 31 
Conformity of production arrangements 
1. An approval authority which grants an EU  type-approval shall take the necessary 
measures to verify, if need be in coope ration with the approva l authorities of the 
other Member States, that adequate arrange ments have been made to ensure that 
production vehicles, systems, components or separate technical units, as the case 
may be, conform to the approved type. 
2. An approval authority which has grante d an EU type-approval shall take the 
necessary measures in relation to that appr oval to verify, if n eed be in cooperation 
with the approval authorities of the othe r Member States, that the arrangements 
referred to in paragraph 1 continue to be adequate and that production vehicles, 
systems, components or separate technica l units, as the case may be, continue to 
conform to the approved type. 
3. In order to verify that a vehicle, syst em, component or separate technical unit 
conforms to the approved type the approval authority which has granted the EU type-
approval may carry out any of the checks or tests required for the regulatory 
requirements that are the subject of the EU type-approval on samples taken at the 
premises of the manufacturer, including pr oduction facilities. The details of the 
verification procedures will be set out in an implementing act adopted under this 
Regulation in accordance with Article 73. 
4. When an approval authority which has gran ted an EU type-approva l establishes that 
the arrangements referred to in paragr aph 1 are not being applied, deviate 
significantly from the arrangements and control plans agreed, have ceased to be applied, or are no longer considered to  be adequate, even  though production is EN 42   EN continued, it shall take the necessary m easures to ensure that the procedure for 
conformity of production is followed correc tly or shall withdraw the type-approval. 
5. The powers to adopt the implementing ac t laying down the deta iled arrangements 
with regard to conformity of produc tion are conferred on the Commission in 
accordance with Article 73 of this Regulation. 
CHAPTER VI 
AMENDMENTS TO EU TYPE-APPROVALS 
Article 32 
General provisions  
1. The manufacturer shall inform without delay the a pproval authority that granted the 
EU type-approval of any change in the particulars recorded in the information 
package. 
That approval authority shall decide which of the procedures laid down in Article 33 
is to be followed. 
Where necessary, the approval authority may decide, after consulting the 
manufacturer that a new EU t ype-approval is to be granted. 
2. An application for the amendment of an EU type-approval shall be submitted 
exclusively to the approval authority that  granted the original  EU type-approval. 
3. If the approval authority finds that, for the purposes of making an amendment, 
inspections or tests need to be repeated, it shall inform the manufacturer accordingly. 
The procedures referred to in Article 33 sh all apply only if, on the basis of those 
inspections or tests, the approval authorit y concludes that the requirements for EU 
type-approval continue to be fulfilled. 
Article 33 
Revisions and extensions of EU type approvals 
1. If particulars recorded in the informati on package have change d, without requiring 
inspections or tests to be repeated, the amendment shall be designated a ‘revision’. 
In such cases, the approval authority shall issue the revised page of the information 
package as necessary, marking each revised pa ge to show clearly the nature of the 
change and the date of re-i ssue. A consolidated, updated version of the information 
package, accompanied by a detailed descriptio n of the changes, shall be deemed to 
meet this requirement. 
2. The amendment shall be designated an ‘extension’ when particulars recorded in the 
information package have changed and any of the following occurs: 
(a) further inspections or tests are required; EN 43   EN (b) any information on the EU type-approval certificate, with the exception of its 
attachments, has changed; 
(c) new requirements under any act listed in Annex II applicable to the approved 
vehicle type or to the a pproved system, component or separate technical unit 
become applicable. 
In the case of an extension, the approval authority shall issue a revised EU type-
approval certificate denoted by  an extension number, increm ented in acco rdance with 
the number of successive extensions alrea dy granted. The approval certificate shall 
clearly show the reason for the exte nsion and the date of re-issue. 
3. Whenever amended pages or a consolidated, updated version are issued, the index to 
the information package attached to th e approval certificate shall be amended 
accordingly to show the date of the most r ecent extension or revision, or the date of 
the most recent consolida tion of the updated version. 
Article 34 
Issue and notification of amendments 
1. In the case of an extension, all relevant sections of the EU type-approval certificate, 
the attachments thereto, and the index to  the information package shall be updated. 
The updated certificate and its attachments sh all be issued to th e applicant without 
delay. 
2. In the case of a revision, the revised docum ents or the consolidated, updated version, 
as appropriate, incl uding the revised index to the information package, shall be 
issued by the approval authority to the applicant without delay. 
3. The approval authority shal l notify any amendment made to EU type-approvals to 
the approval authorities of  the other Member States in accordance with the 
procedures set out in Article 27. 
CHAPTER VII 
VALIDITY OF EU TYPE-APPROVAL  
Article 35 
Termination of validity  
1. EU type-approvals shall be i ssued for an unlimited duration. 
2. An EU type-approval of a vehicle shall ceas e to be valid in any of the following 
cases: 
(a) new requirements in any act applicable  to the approved ve hicle type become 
mandatory for the sale, registration or entr y into service of new vehicles, and it 
is not possible to update the type-approval accordingly; 
(b) production of the approved vehicle is definitively discontinued voluntarily; EN 44   EN (c) the validity of the approval expires by virtue of a special restriction in 
accordance with Article 38. 
3. Where only one variant within a type or one version within a variant becomes 
invalid, the EU type-approval of the vehicle in question shall lose validity only in so 
far as the particular variant or version is concerned. 
4. When production of a particular type of vehicle is definitively discontinued, the 
manufacturer shall notify the approval aut hority that granted the EU type-approval 
for that vehicle. 
Upon receiving the notification referred to in the first subparagraph, the approval 
authority which granted the EU type-appr oval for the vehicle shall inform the 
approval authorities of the other Member  States accordingly within one month. 
5. Without prejudice to paragraph 4, in cases where an EU type-approval of a vehicle is 
due to become invalid, the manufacturer shall notify the approval authority that 
granted the EU type-approval. 
The approval authority that  granted the EU type-appr oval shall without delay 
communicate all relevant information to the approval authori ties of the other 
Member States so as to enable the ap plication, where appropriate, of Article 39. 
The communication referred to in the second subparagraph shall specify, in 
particular, the date of production and the vehicle identification number of the last 
vehicle produced. 
CHAPTER VIII 
CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMITY AND MARKINGS 
Article 36 
Certificate of conformity  
1. The manufacturer, in its capacity as the holder of a whole-ve hicle type-approval, 
shall deliver a certificate of  conformity as a paper document to accompany each 
vehicle, whether complete, incomplete or completed, which is manufactured in conformity with the approved vehicle type. 
Such a certificate shall be delivered free of  charge to the buyer together with the 
vehicle. Its delivery may not be made de pendent on an explicit request or the 
submission of additional information to the manufacturer. 
2. The manufacturer shall use the template for the certificate of conformity adopted by 
the Commission in accordance with Article 73. 
3. Unless a different agreement has been conclu ded with the buyer of  the vehicle, the 
certificate of conformity shall be drawn up in the official language of the Member 
State where the vehicle is purchased. EN 45   EN 4. The certificate of conformity shall be de signed to prevent forgery. To that end, the 
paper used shall be protected either by co loured graphics or by a watermark in the 
form of the manufacture r’s identification mark. 
5. The certificate of conformity shall be completed in its entirety and shall not contain 
restrictions as regards the use of the vehicle other than  those provided for in the 
implementing act adopted in accordance with Article 73. 
6. In the case of an incomplete or completed ve hicle, the manufacturer shall fill in only 
those items of the certificate of conformity which have been added or changed at the 
current stage of approval and, if applicab le, shall attach to the certificate all 
certificates of conformity deliv ered at the previous stage. 
7. The certificate of conformity, as set out in the implementing act adopted under this 
Regulation, shall, for vehicles approved in  accordance with Article 39(2), display in 
its title the phrase ‘For complete/completed  vehicles, type-approve d in application of 
Article 39 (provisi onal approval)’. 
8. The certificate of conformity, as set out in the implementing act adopted under this 
Regulation, shall, for vehicles type-approve d in accordance with Article 41, display 
in its title the phrase ‘For complete/com pleted vehicles type-approved in small 
series’, and in close proximity theret o the year of production followed by a 
sequential number, between 1 and the limit indicated in the table set out in the 
implementing act, denoting, in respect of each  year of production, the position of that 
vehicle within the producti on sequence for that year. 
9. Without prejudice to the provisions of pa ragraph 1, the manufacturer may transmit 
data or information contained in the certi ficate of conformity by electronic means to 
the national authorities. 
10. A duplicate of the certificate of conformity  may be issued only by the manufacturer. 
The word ‘duplicate’ shall be clearly visi ble on the face of any duplicate certificate. 
Article 37 
Statutory marking of vehicles and type-approval mark of com ponents or separate technical 
units 
1. The manufacturer of a vehicle shall affix to each vehicle manufactured in conformity 
with the approved type a statutory plate required by the relevant delegated or 
implementing act listed in Annex II. 
2. The manufacturer of a component or separate technical unit, whether or not it is part 
of a system, shall affix to each component or separate technical unit manufactured in conformity with the approved type the type-approval mark  required by the relevant 
delegated or implementing act listed in Annex II. 
3. Where no such type-approval mark is require d for a component or separate technical 
unit, the manufacturer shall affix at leas t the trade name or trade mark of the 
manufacturer, the type number and an identification number. EN 46   EN 4. The EU statutory plate and type-approval mark  shall be in accordance with the model 
set out in the implementing act laid down in  article 73 adopted under this Regulation. 
CHAPTER IX 
EXEMPTIONS FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES OR CONCEPTS 
Article 38 
Exemptions for new technologies or new concepts 
1. The manufacturer may apply for an EU type-a pproval in respect of  a type of system, 
component or separate technical unit that incorporates new tec hnologies or concepts 
which are incompatible with one or more acts listed in Annex II. 
2. The approval authority shall grant the EU  type-approval referred to in paragraph 1 
when all of the following conditions are met: 
(a) the application states the reasons why the technologies or concepts in question 
make the system, component or separate technical unit incompatible with one 
or more acts listed in Annex II; 
(b) the application describes the safety and environmental implications of the new 
technology and the measures taken in order to ensure at least an equivalent 
level of safety and environmental pr otection as that provided by the 
requirements from which exemption is sought; 
(c) test descriptions and results are pr esented which prove that the condition in 
point (b) is met. 
3. The granting of an exemption for new tec hnologies or new concep ts shall be subject 
to authorisation by the Commission gran ted by way of a deci sion adopted in 
accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 74(2). 
4. Pending the decision on authorisation by the Commission, the a pproval authority 
may grant a provisional approval,  valid only in the territory of the Member State in 
question, in respect of a type of vehicle covered by the exemption sought. The 
approval authority shall inform the Commi ssion and the other Member States thereof 
without delay by means of a f ile containing the information referred to in paragraph 
2. 
5. Other approval authorities may decide to  accept the provisional approval referred to 
in paragraph 4 within their territory. 
6. Where appropriate, the aut horisation by the Commission re ferred to in paragraph 3 
shall also specify whether it is subject to  any restrictions. In all cases, the type-
approval shall be valid for at least 36 months. 
7. If the Commission decides to refuse au thorisation, the appr oval authority shall 
immediately give notice to th e holder of the provisional type-approval referred to in 
paragraph 4 that the provisional approval w ill be revoked six months after the date of 
the Commission’s refusal. EN 47   EN However, vehicles manufactured in confor mity with the provisional approval before 
it ceases to be valid may be sold, registered or entered into service in any Member State that accepted the provisional approval. 
Article 39 
Subsequent need to adapta tion of legal requirements   
1. Where the Commission authorises the grantin g of an exemption pu rsuant to Article 
38, it shall, where necessary, take the neces sary steps to adapt the delegated or 
implementing acts concerned to  technological developments. 
Where an exemption under Article 38 relates to a UNECE regulation, the 
Commission shall propose an amendment to the UNECE regulation in accordance 
with the procedure applicab le under the Agreement of the United Nations Economic 
Commission for Europe concerning the adop tion of uniform technical prescriptions 
for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted to and/or used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for re ciprocal recognition of  approvals granted 
on the basis of these prescriptions
54. 
2. As soon as the relevant acts have been  amended, any restriction linked to the 
Commission decision authorising th e exemption shall be lifted. 
If the necessary steps to adapt the delegated or implementing acts have not been 
taken, the Commission may, at the request of the Member State which granted the 
approval, authorise by means of a decision adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 74(2) the Memb er State to extend the type-approval. 
CHAPTER X 
VEHICLES PRODUCED IN SMALL SERIES 
Article 40 
National type-approval of small series 
1. The manufacturer may apply for a type-approval of small seri es of a type of vehicle 
within the quantitative annual limits set out in Annex III. These limits shall apply to 
the sale, registration or entry into servic e of vehicles of th e approved type on the 
Union market in a given year. 
For the type-approval of small series the approval authority may, if it has reasonable 
grounds to do so, waive one or more of th e provisions of one or more of the acts 
listed in Annex II, provided that it specifies alternative requirements. 
2. The alternative requirements referred to in  paragraph 1 shall ensure a level of 
functional safety and environmental protecti on which is equivalent as far as possible 
to that provided for by the relevant act or acts listed in Annex II. 
                                                 
54 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/automotive/technical-harmonisation/global-
harmonisation/index_en.htm#h2-1  EN 48   EN 3. For the type-approval of vehicles under this  Article, systems, components or separate 
technical units which are type-approved in accordance with the acts listed in Annex 
II shall be accepted. 
4. The type-approval certificate for vehicles  type-approved in accordance with this 
Article shall be drafted in accordance with  the model set out in implementing act 
adopted pursuant to Articl e 73, but shall not bear the heading ‘EU vehicle type-
approval certificate’ and shall specify the content of the waivers granted pursuant to 
paragraph 1. Type-approval ce rtificates shall be numbere d in accordance with the 
implementing act adopted pur suant to Article 73.  
5. The validity of a national type-approval of small series shall be restricted to the 
territory of the Member State whose a pproval authority granted the approval. 
However, at the request of the manufactur er, a copy of the type -approval certificate 
and its attachments shall be sent by regi stered mail or by electronic mail to the 
approval authorities of th e Member States designat ed by the manufacturer. 
Within 3 months of receipt of the request referred to in subparagraph 2, the approval 
authorities of the Member  States designated by the manufacturer shall decide 
whether or not they accept the type-approva l. They shall formally communicate their 
decision to the approval authority which gr anted the national type -approval of small 
series. 
The approval authorities of the Member  States shall accep t the national type-
approval unless they have reasonable grounds to believe that the technical provisions 
according to which the vehicle was appr oved are not equivalent to their own. 
6. At the request of an applicant of a nationa l type-approval of small series who wishes 
to sell, register or to be re sponsible for the entry into se rvice of a vehicle in another 
Member State, the approval authority wh ich granted a national type-approval of 
small series shall provide that applicant w ith a copy of the type -approval certificate 
including the information package. The type-approval authority of the other Member 
State shall permit the sale, registration or entry into service of a vehicle unless it has reasonable grounds to believe that the tech nical provisions according to which the 
vehicle was approved are not equivalent to its own.  
CHAPTER XI 
INDIVIDUAL APPROVALS 
Article 41 
Individual approvals 
1. At the request of th e owner of the vehicle, approva l authorities shall grant an 
individual approval to a vehicle which conf orms to the description appended to the 
application and complies with th e provisions of this Regulation. 
2. In the individual approval procedure, appr oval authorities shall certify that the 
vehicle complies with the releva nt acts listed in Annex II. EN 49   EN 3. An individual approval shall apply to a part icular vehicle, whethe r it is unique or not. 
4. Applications for individual approval shal l cover a maximum of 5 vehicles of the 
same type. 
5. After granting the type-approval, the approva l authority shall without delay issue the 
individual approval certificate. 
6. The format of the individual approval certif icate shall be based on the template for 
the EU type-approval certific ate as set out in an impl ementing act adopted pursuant 
to Article 73 and shall contain at least the information necessary to complete the 
application for registration provide d for in Council Directive 1999/37/EC55. 
Individual approval certificat es shall not bear the headi ng ‘EU vehicle approval’. An 
individual approval ce rtificate shall bear the vehicl e identification number of the 
vehicle concerned. 
7. This Article shall apply to vehicles wh ich, at the time of the application for 
individual approval, have not previously been sold or of which the entry into service 
did not happen yet, involving identificati on and the issuing of a registration number, 
including temporary or short- term registration or professi onal registration, or have 
only been sold, registered or have been en tering into service for less than six months. 
8. This Chapter may apply to vehicles whic h have been type-a pproved in accordance 
with this Regulation and which have been m odified before being sold, registered or 
before the entry into service of the vehicle. 
Article 42 
Exemptions for individual approvals  
1. An approval authority may exempt the ve hicle from compliance with requirements 
laid down in one or more of the acts liste d in Annex II, provided that the approval 
authority imposes alternativ e requirements and has reasonable grounds for such 
exemption. 
2. The alternative requirements shall ensure a level of functional safety and 
environmental protection which is equivalent  as far as possible to that provided for 
by the relevant act li sted in Annex II. 
Approval authorities sha ll not carry out destructive tests.  They shall use any relevant 
information provided by the applicant of an individu al approval to establish 
compliance with the alternative requirements. 
Approval authorities shall ac cept any EU type-approval fo r a system, component or 
separate technical unit instead of  the alternative requirements. 
3. The approval authority shall grant the indivi dual approval if the vehicle conforms to 
the description appended to the applicati on and satisfies the applicable technical 
requirements and shall without delay issu e the individual appr oval certificate. 
                                                 
55 OJ L 138, 1.6.1999, p. 57. EN 50   EN The format of the individual approval certif icate shall be based on the template of the 
EU type-approval certificate referred to in Article 28(2) and shall contain at least the information necessary to complete the app lication for registration provided for in 
Council Directive 1999/37/EC
56. 
Individual approval certificat es shall not bear the headi ng "EU vehicle approval". An 
individual approval ce rtificate shall bear the vehicl e identification number of the 
vehicle concerned. 
Article 43 
Validity and acceptance of individual approval   
1. The validity of an individual approval shall be restricted to the territory of the 
Member State in which it was granted. 
2. For the purpose of sale, registration and en try into service in another Member State 
of a vehicle which has been granted an in dividual approval, th e approval authority 
that granted the approval shall, on request , provide the applicant of an individual 
approval with a statement of the technical provisions against wh ich the vehicle was 
approved and any additional info rmation stating in detail the nature of the technical 
requirements satisfied by th at particular vehicle. 
3. With regard to a vehicle which has b een granted an individual approval by an 
approval authority of one Member State in accordance with the provisions of Article 
34, the other Member States shall permit th e sale, registration and entry into of a 
vehicle unless they have reas onable grounds to be lieve that the tec hnical provisions 
against which the vehicle was approved  are not equivalent to their own. 
4. At the request of th e owner of the vehicle, approva l authorities shall grant an 
individual approval to a vehicle which complies with the provisions of this 
Regulation. In such a case, approval authorities shall ac cept the individual approval 
and shall permit the sale, registration and entry into service of this vehicle.  
Article 44 
Specific provisions concer ning individual approvals  
1. The provisions of this Chapter may apply to  vehicles which have  been type-approved 
in accordance with this Regulation and which have been modified before their first sale, registration or entry into service. 
2. The procedure set out in this Chapter may apply to a particular vehicle during the 
successive stages of its completion in acco rdance with a multi-stage type-approval 
procedure. 
3. The procedure set out in this Chapter may not replace an intermediate stage within 
the normal sequence of a multi-stage type-approval procedure and may not apply for the purposes of obtaining the firs t-stage approval of a vehicle. 
                                                
 
56 OJ L 138, 1.6.1999, p. 57. EN 51   EN CHAPTER XII 
SALE, REGISTRATION AND ENTRY INTO SERVICE  
Article 45 
Sale, registration and entry into service of vehicles  
1. Without prejudice to Articles 41 and 42, vehi cles for which EU whole-vehicle type-
approval is mandatory or for which th e manufacturer has obtained such type-
approval under this Regulation shall be sold, registered or may enter into service 
only if they are accompanied by a valid certificate of conformity issued in 
accordance with Article 36 . 
In the case of incomplete vehicles, the sale or entry into service of such vehicles is 
permitted, but the authorities responsible for vehicle registration of the Member States may refuse to allow the permanent registration and use on the road of such vehicles. 
2. As regards small-series vehicles, the numbe r of vehicles sold, registered and their 
entry into service in the Union in the c ourse of a single year shall not exceed the 
number of units set out in Annex III. 
3. Paragraph 1 shall not apply to vehicles in tended for use by the armed forces or by 
civil protection, fire-fighting or public order services or to vehicles type-approved in 
accordance with Articles 40 or 43.  
4. At the request of th e owner of the vehicle, approva l authorities shall grant an 
individual approval to a vehicle which complies with the provisions of this 
Regulation. In such a case, approval authorities shall acc ept the individual approval 
and shall permit the vehicle to be sold, regist ered and permit the entry into service of 
the vehicle. 
Article 46 
Sale, registration and entry into service of end-of-series vehicles  
1. Subject to the end-of-series limits and tim e limit specified in paragraphs 2 and 4, 
vehicles conforming to a type of vehicle whose EU type-approval is no longer valid 
may be registered. 
The first subparagraph shall apply only to ve hicles within the territory of the Union 
which were covered by a valid EU type-appr oval at the time of their production, but 
which had not been registered before th at EU type-approval lost its validity. 
2. Paragraph 1 shall apply, in the case of co mplete vehicles, for a period of twelve 
months from the date on which validity of the EU type-approval expired and, in the case of completed vehicles, for a period of eighteen months from that date. 
3. A manufacturer who wishes to benefit fr om the provisions of paragraph 1 shall 
submit a request to the national authority of  each Member State where the vehicles in 
question are to be registered. That request  shall specify any technical or economic EN 52   EN reasons preventing those vehicles from complying with the new type-approval 
requirements. 
The national authority concerned shall decide , within three months  of receiving the 
request, whether and in what number to permit the registration of those vehicles 
within their territory. 
4. The amount of end-of-series vehicle shall no t exceed 10 % of the number of vehicles 
registered in the two preceding years or 10 vehicles per Member State, whatever is 
the highest. 
5. Before their registration, the manufacturer sh all issue a new certif icate of conformity 
for end-of-series vehicles qualifying the ve hicles as "end-of-ser ies" and indicating 
the number and the Member State of first regi stration in conformity with the template 
for the certificate of conformity establis hed by the Commission in accordance with 
Article 73 
6. Member States shall ensure that the number  of vehicles to be registered under the 
procedure set out in this Article is effectively monitored. 
7. This Article shall apply only to discontinua tion due to termination of validity of the 
type-approval in the case referred to in Article 35(2). 
Article 47 
Sale and entry into service of co mponents and separate technical units  
1. Components or separate technical units may be sold and the entr y into service is 
allowed only if they comply with the requi rements of the relevant delegated acts 
listed in Annex II and are properly mark ed in accordance with Article 37. 
2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply in the case of  components or separa te technical units 
which are specifically constructed or designe d for new vehicles no t covered by this 
Regulation. 
3. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, Member States may permit the sale and 
entry into service of components or sepa rate technical units which have been 
exempted from one or more provisions of  this Regulation under Article 38 or are 
intended for mounting on vehicles covere d by approvals gran ted under Articles 40 
and 41 that concern the component or separate technical unit in question. 
4. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, a nd unless otherwise provided for in this 
Regulation or in one of its delegated acts,  Member States may permit the sale or 
entry into service of components or separa te technical units which are intended for 
mounting on vehicles which, when  sold or at the entry into service, were not required 
to be EU type-approved by this Re gulation or by Directive 2002/24/EC.  EN 53   EN CHAPTER XIII 
SAFEGUARD CLAUSES 
Article 48 
Procedure for dealing with vehicles, system s, components or separate technical units 
presenting a risk at national level 
1. Where the market surveillance authorities of one Member State have taken action 
pursuant to Article 20 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008, or where they have 
sufficient reason to believe that a vehicle,  system, component or separate technical 
unit covered by this Regulation presents a risk to the health or safety of persons or to 
other aspects of the protecti on of public interests covered by this Regulation, the 
approval authorities shall carry  out an evaluation in rela tion to the vehicle, system, 
component or separate technical unit conc erned covering all the requirements laid 
down in this Regulation. The relevant econom ic operators shall c ooperate fully with 
the market surveillance and/or approval authorities. 
Where, in the course of that evaluati on, the market surveillance and/or approval 
authorities find that the vehi cle, system, component or separate technical unit does 
not comply with the requirements laid dow n in this Regulation, they shall without 
delay require the relevant economic operator to take all appropria te corrective action 
to bring the vehicle, system , component or separate te chnical unit into compliance 
with those requirements, to withdraw the vehicle, system, component or separate 
technical unit from the market, or to recall it within a reasonable period, 
commensurate with the nature of the risk. 
The approval authorities shall inform the re levant technical service of the measures 
taken in accordance with the first and second subparagraphs. Article 21 of 
Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 shall apply to the measures referred to in the second 
subparagraph. 
2. Where the approval authorities consider that non-conformity is not restricted to their 
national territory, they shall inform the Commission and the other Member States of the results of the evaluation and the ac tion required of the economic operator. 
3. The economic operator shall ensu re that all appropriate co rrective action is taken in 
respect of all non-compliant vehicles, systems, components or separate technical 
units that it has sold, registered or is re sponsible for its entry into service throughout 
the Union. 
4. Where the economic operator does not take adequate corrective action within the 
period referred to in the second subparagraph  of paragraph 1, the national authorities 
shall take all appropriate measures to prohibi t or restrict the sale, registration or entry 
into service of non-compliant vehicles, systems, components or separate technical 
units on their national market, to withdraw them from that market or to recall them. 
5. The national authorities shall inform the Commission and the other Member States, 
without delay, of those measures. EN 54   EN The information provided shall include all av ailable details, in particular the data 
necessary for the identification of the non- compliant vehicle, system, component or 
separate technical unit, its origin, the nature of the non- conformity alleged and the 
risk involved, the nature and duration of the national measures taken, and the 
arguments put forward by the relevant economic operator. In particular, the approval authorities shall indicate whether the non- conformity is due to either of the 
following: 
(a) failure of the vehicle, system, compone nt or separate technical unit to meet 
requirements relating to the health or sa fety of persons, the protection of the 
environment or to other aspects of the protection of public in terests covered by 
this Regulation; or 
(b) shortcomings in the releva nt acts listed in Annex II. 
6. Member States other than the Member Stat e initiating the procedure shall within one 
month inform the Commission and the other Member States of any measures adopted 
and of any additional information at their disposal relating to the non-conformity of 
the vehicle, system, component or separa te technical unit concerned, and, in the 
event of disagreement with the notified national measure, of  their objections. 
7. Where, within one month of receipt of the information referred to in paragraph 6, no 
objection has been raised by either anot her Member State or the Commission in 
respect of a measure taken by a Member State, that measure shall be deemed 
justified. 
8. Member States shall ensure that appropriate  restrictive measures are taken in respect 
of the vehicle, system, component or se parate technical unit concerned, such as 
withdrawal of the vehicle, system, compone nt or separate technical unit from their 
market, without delay. 
Article 49 
Union safeguard procedure 
1. Where, during the procedure set out in Ar ticle 41, objections are raised against a 
measure taken by a Member State, or wh ere the Commission considers a national 
measure to be contrary to the legislati on of the Union, the Commission shall without 
delay evaluate the national measure after consulting Member States and the relevant 
economic operator or operators. On the basi s of the results of that evaluation, the 
Commission shall decide whether the na tional measure is justified or not. 
The Commission shall communicate its decisi on to all Member States and to the 
relevant economic operator or operators. 
2. If the national measure is considered jus tified, all Member States shall take the 
measures necessary to ensure that the non- compliant vehicle, system, component or 
separate technical unit is withdrawn fr om their market, and shall inform the 
Commission accordingly. If the national measure is considered unjustified, the Member State concerned shall withdraw the measure. EN 55   EN 3. Where the national measure is considered just ified and is attributed to shortcomings 
in this Regulation or in delegated or implementing acts adopted under this 
Regulation, the Commission shall propose appropriate measures as follows: 
(a) where delegated or implementing acts adopted under this Regulation are 
concerned, the Commission shall propose the necessary amendments to the act concerned; 
(b) where UNECE regulations are concer ned, the Commission shall propose the 
necessary draft amen dments to the relevant UNEC E regulations in accordance 
with the procedure applicable under the Revised 1958 Agreement. 
Article 50 
Compliant vehicles, systems, components or separate technical units that present a risk  
1. Where, having performed an evaluation under Article 49(1),
 a national authority 
finds that vehicles, systems, components or separate technical units, although they 
comply with the applicable requirements or are properly marked, present a serious 
risk to safety or may seriously harm the e nvironment or public h ealth that national 
authority shall require the relevant ec onomic operator to take all appropriate 
measures to ensure that the vehicle, sy stem, component or se parate technical unit 
concerned, when sold or registered or after its entry into service, no longer presents 
that risk, to withdraw the ve hicle, system, component or separate technical unit from 
the market or to recall it within a reasonable period, comme nsurate with the nature of 
the risk. The registration authority may, fo r a maximum period of six months, refuse 
to allow such vehicles to be  registered in its territory. 
2. For a vehicle, system, component or sepa rate technical unit as referred to in 
paragraph 1, the economic operator shall ensure that corrective action is taken in respect of all such vehicles, systems, co mponents or separate technical units sold, 
registered or at the entry into service in the Union. 
3. The Member State shall within one m onth inform the Commission and the other 
Member States of all available details, in particular the data necessary for the 
identification of the vehicle, system, compone nt or separate technical unit concerned, 
the origin and the supply chain of the ve hicle, system, component or separate 
technical unit, the nature of the risk i nvolved and the nature and duration of the 
national measures taken. 
4. The Commission shall, without delay, consul t the Member States and the relevant 
economic operator or operators and, in partic ular, the approval authority that granted 
the type-approval, and shall evaluate the national measure taken. On the basis of that 
evaluation, the Commission shall decide whet her the national measur e is justified or 
not, and where necessary, pr opose appropriate measures. 
5. The Commission shall address its decisi on to all Member States and shall 
immediately communicate it to them a nd the relevant economic operator or 
operators. EN 56   EN Article 51 
Vehicles, systems, components or separate technical units not in  conformity with the 
approved type  
1. Where new vehicles, systems, components or  separate technical units accompanied 
by a certificate of conformity or bearing an approval mark do not conform to the 
approved type, the approval authority which granted the EU type-approval shall take the necessary measures, including the withdr awal of type-approval, to ensure that 
production vehicles, systems, components or  separate technical units, as the case 
may be, are brought into conformity with the approved type. The approval authorities 
shall inform the approval authorities of the other Member States of the measures 
taken within one month. 
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, deviations  from the particulars in the EU type-
approval certificate or the information package shall be deemed to constitute failure to conform to the approved type. A vehicle shall not be deemed to deviate from the 
approved type where tolerances are permitted by the relevant regulatory acts listed in 
Annex II and those tolerances are respected. 
3. If an approval authority de monstrates that new vehicl es, components or separate 
technical units accompanied by a certificat e of conformity or bearing an approval 
mark issued in another Member State do not conform to the approved type, it may 
ask the approval authority which granted the EU type-approval to verify that 
vehicles, systems, components or separate technical units in pr oduction continue to 
conform to the approved type. On receipt of such a request, the approval authority which granted the EU type-approval shal l take the requisite action as soon as 
possible and at the latest within thr ee months of the date of the request. 
4. The approval authority shall request the approval authority which granted the EU 
type-approval for a system, component, sepa rate technical unit or incomplete vehicle 
to take the necessary action to ensure th at vehicles in production are brought back 
into conformity with the approve d type in the following cases: 
(a) for an EU vehicle type-approval, wher e the non-conformity of a vehicle is 
attributable exclusively to the non-c onformity of a system, component or 
separate technical unit; 
(b) for a multi-stage type-approval, where the non-conformity of a completed 
vehicle is attributable exclusively to the non-conformity of a system, 
component or separate technical unit that  forms part of the incomplete vehicle 
or to the non-conformity of the incomplete vehicle itself. 
5. On receipt of such a request, the appr oval authority concerned shall take the 
necessary action, if necessary in conjuncti on with the approval authority making the 
request, as soon as possible and at the latest  within three months of the date of the 
request. 
6. Where non-conformity is esta blished, the approval authority of the Member State 
that granted the EU type-appr oval for a system, component or  separate technical unit 
or for the incomplete vehicle shall take  the measures set out in paragraph 1. EN 57   EN The approval authorities shall inform each ot her within one month of any withdrawal 
of EU type-approval and of  the reasons therefor. 
7. If the approval authority that granted the EU type-approval disputes the non-
conformity notified to it, the Member States  concerned shall end eavour to settle the 
dispute. The Commission shall be kept informed and, where necessary, shall hold 
appropriate consultations with a view to reaching a settlement. 
Article 52 
Systems, components or separate technical units  which pose a significant risk to the correct 
functioning of essential systems  
1. Systems, components or separate technical units that may pose a significant risk to 
the correct functioning of systems that are esse ntial for the safety of the vehicle or for 
its environmental performance may not be sol d, registered or enter into service shall 
be prohibited unless they have been au thorised by an appr oval authority in 
accordance with paragraph 4 and Article 53(1) and (2). 
2. The Commission shall establish a list of the systems, components or separate 
technical units covered by paragraph 1 by means of delegated acts in accordance 
with Articles 76, 77 and 78, taking accoun t of available information on the 
following: 
(a) the seriousness of the risk to the sa fety or environmental performance of 
vehicles fitted with the systems, com ponents or separate technical units in 
question; 
(b) the effect on consumers and after- market manufacturers of the imposition 
under this Article of a possible aut horisation requirement for systems, 
components or separate technical units. 
3. ‘Original components’ are vehicle parts ma nufactured according to the specifications 
and production standards provided by the ve hicle manufacturer for the production of 
components for the assembly of the vehi cle in question, including those components 
which are manufactured on the same producti on line as these components, and, based 
on a rebuttable presumption, components for which the manufacturer certifies that they match the quality of the components us ed for the assembly of the vehicle in 
question and have been manufactured accord ing to the specifications and production 
standards of the vehicle manu facturer; the same applies to separate technical units. 
Paragraph 1 shall not apply to original sy stems, components or separate technical 
units and to systems, components or separa te technical units that are type-approved 
in accordance with the provisions of one of the acts listed in Annex II, except where 
the approval relates to aspects othe r than those covered in paragraph 1. 
Paragraph 1 shall not apply to systems, components or separate technical units 
produced for vehicles intended exclusively for racing on roads. If systems, components or separate technical units on a list in a delegated act  to this Regulation 
have a dual use, for vehicles intended exclusively for racing on roads and for 
vehicles intended for use on public roads, they  may not be sold or offered for sale to 
consumers. EN 58   EN 4. The Commission shall, to the extent neces sary, lay down the model and numbering 
system for the certificate referred to in third subparagraph of Article 53(1) as well as all aspects relating to the procedure by means of implementing act in accordance 
with Article 73. The Commission, shall lay down the requirements which such 
components must fulfil, the marking, packag ing and the appropria te tests by means 
of delegated acts in accordance Articles 76, 77 and 78. 
5. The requirements referred to in paragraph 4 may be based on th e acts listed in Annex 
II or may consist of a comparison of the sy stem, component or separate technical unit 
with the performance of the original vehicle, or of any of its part s, as appropriate. In 
either case the requirements shall ensure th at the systems, components or separate 
technical units do not impair the functioning of those systems that are essential for 
the safety of the vehicle or its environmental performance. 
Article 53 
Systems, components or separate technical units  which pose a significant risk to the correct 
functioning of essential systems — related requirements  
1. For the purposes of Article 52(1), the manufacturer of  systems, components or 
separate technical units shall submit to the approval authority a test report drafted by 
a designated technical service which cert ifies that the systems, components or 
separate technical units for which aut horisation is sought comply with the 
requirements referred to in Article 52( 4). The manufacturer may submit only one 
application per type per part to only one approval authority. 
The application shall include details of the manufacturer of the systems, components 
or separate technical units, the type, identi fication and part numbers of the systems, 
components or separate technical units, th e vehicle manufacturer’s name, type of 
vehicle and, if appropriate, year of construction or any other information permitting the identification of the vehicle to whic h the systems, components or separate 
technical units are to be fitted. 
When the approval authority is  satisfied, taking account of the test report and other 
evidence, that the systems, components or  separate technical units in question 
comply with the requirements referred to in  Article 52(4), it shall issue a certificate 
to the manufacturer without delay. This certificate shall authorise the systems, 
components or separate technical units to be sold and the entry into service in the Union subject to the second subparagraph of paragraph 2. 
2. The manufacturer shall inform without dela y the approval authorit y that issued the 
certificate of any change affecting the c onditions under which it was issued. That 
approval authority shall decide  whether the certificate has to be reviewed or reissued 
and whether further tests are necessary. 
The manufacturer shall be re sponsible for ensuring that the systems, components or 
separate technical units are produced and continue to be produced under the 
conditions under which the certificate was issued. 
3. Before delivering any authorisation, the appr oval authority shall verify the existence 
of satisfactory arrangements and procedur es for ensuring effective control of 
conformity of production. EN 59   EN Where the approval authority finds that th e conditions for issuing the authorisation 
are no longer fulfilled, it  shall request the manufactur er to take the necessary 
measures to ensure that the systems, co mponents or separate technical units are 
brought back into conformity. If necessa ry, it shall withdraw the authorisation. 
4. Approval authorities from different Member  States shall bring any disagreement in 
relation to the certificates referred to in the third subparagraph of  paragraph 1 to the 
attention of the Commission. The Commission shall take the appropriate measures in 
order to resolve the disagreement, in cluding, where necessary, requiring the 
withdrawal of the authoris ation, after having consulted the approval authorities. 
5. Until the list referred to in Article 52(2) has been established, Member States may 
maintain national provisions dealing with sy stems, components or separate technical 
units which may affect the correct functioni ng of systems essential for the safety of 
the vehicle or its environmental performance. 
Article 54 
Recall of vehicles, systems, compon ents or separate technical units,  
1. Where a manufacturer who has been granted an EU whole- vehicle type-approval is 
obliged, in accordance with Regulation (EC) 765/2008 to recall vehicles sold, 
registered or for which entry into servi ce the manufacturer was responsible because a 
system, component or separate technical un it fitted to the vehicle presents a serious 
risk to safety, public health or envir onmental protection, whether or not duly 
approved in accordance with this Regulation, or because a part not subject to any 
specific requirements under type-approval le gislation presents a serious risk to 
safety, public health or environmenta l protection, that manufacturer shall 
immediately inform the approval authority th at granted the vehicle approval thereof. 
2. Where a manufacturer of systems, component s or separate techni cal units, who has 
been granted an EU type-approval is ob liged, in accordance with Regulation (EC) 
765/2008, to recall systems, components or se parate technical units which have been 
sold or for which the manufacturer was res ponsible for the entry into service because 
these present a serious risk to safet y, occupational safety, public health or 
environmental protection, whether or not duly approved in accordance with this 
Regulation, the manufacturer shall immediat ely inform the approval authority that 
granted the approval. 
3. The manufacturer shall propose to the a pproval authority a set of appropriate 
remedies to neutralise the risk referre d to in paragraphs 1 and 2. The approval 
authority shall communicate the proposed remedies to the approval authorities of the other Member States without delay. 
The approval authorities shall ensure that the measures are effectively implemented 
in their respective territories. 
4. If the remedies are considered to be in sufficient or not implemented quickly enough 
by the approval authority concerned, it sha ll inform the approval authority that 
granted the EU vehicle t ype-approval without delay. EN 60   EN The approval authority that granted the EU type-approval shall then inform the 
manufacturer. If the manu facturer does not propose and implement effective 
corrective measures, the approval authority which granted the EU type-approval shall 
take all protective measures required, in cluding the withdrawal of the EU type-
approval. In the case of w ithdrawal of the EU type-appr oval, the approval authority 
shall notify the manufacturer, the approval authorities of the other Member States and the Commission by registered letter or equivalent electronic means within one 
month. 
Article 55 
Notification of decisions and remedies available  
1. All decisions taken pursuant to the provisi ons of this Regulation and all decisions 
refusing or withdrawing EU type-approv al, refusing registra tion, prohibiting or 
restricting the sale, registrati on, entry into service or re quiring withdrawal from the 
market shall state in detail the reasons on which they are based.  
2. Any such decision shall be notified to the party concerned, who shall, at the same 
time, be informed of the remedies availa ble to it under the laws in force in the 
Member State concerned and of the time limits allowed for the exercise of such remedies. 
CHAPTER XIV 
INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS 
Article 56 
UNECE regulations required for EU type-approval  
1. UNECE regulations to which the Union ha s acceded and which are listed in this 
Regulation or in the delegated acts adopted under this Regulation shall be part of the 
EU type-approval of a vehicle. 
2. When the Union has decided to apply on a compulsory basis a UNECE regulation for 
the purpose of EU vehicle t ype-approval in accordance with Article 4(4) of Council 
Decision 97/836/EC, the Commi ssion shall amend the annexe s to this Regulation as 
appropriate, by means of a delegated act in  accordance with Articles 76, 77 and 78. 
The delegated act amending the annexes to th is Regulation shall specify the dates of 
compulsory application of the UNE CE regulation or its amendments. 
Article 57 
UNECE regulations and EU type-approval of  vehicles produced in small series  
1. The UNECE regulations listed in this Regula tion shall be considered  as equivalent to 
the corresponding delegated acts in as much as they share the same scope and subject 
matter. 
2. The approval authorities of the Member States shall accept approvals granted in 
accordance with those UNECE regulations and, where applicable, the relevant EN 61   EN approval marks in lieu of the correspondi ng approvals and approva l marks granted in 
accordance with this Regulati on and its delegated acts. 
3. Where the Union has decided to apply, for the purposes of paragraph 1, a new 
UNECE regulation or a UNECE regulation as amended, the Commission shall amend the annexes to this Regulation or th e delegated acts as appropriate, by means 
of a delegated act in accord ance with Articles 76, 77 and 78. 
CHAPTER XV 
PROVISION OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION 
Article 58 
Information intended for users  
1. The manufacturer may not supply any technica l information related to the particulars 
provided for in this Regulation, its implem enting acts or delegated acts listed in 
Annex II where such information diverges  from the particulars approved by the 
approval authority. 
2. Where an implementing or delegated ac t listed in Annex II so provides, the 
manufacturer shall make available to user s all relevant information and necessary 
instructions describing any sp ecial conditions or restrictions linked to the use of a 
vehicle, a system, a component or a separate technical unit. 
3. That information shall be supplied in th e official languages of the Member State 
where the vehicle is to be sold, registered and is to be entering into service. It shall be 
provided, after acceptance by the approva l authority, in the owner’s manual. 
Article 59 
Information intended for manufacturers of  components or separate technical units  
1. The vehicle manufacturer shall make avai lable to the manufacturers of components 
or separate technical units all particulars which are nece ssary for EU type-approval 
of components or separate te chnical units, or are necessary  to obtain an authorisation 
under Article 46, including, where applicable, dr awings referred to in the acts listed 
in Annex II. 
The vehicle manufacturer may impose a binding agreement on the manufacturers of 
components or separate technical units to protect the conf identiality of any 
information which is not in the public domain, including information related to intellectual property rights. 
2. The manufacturer of components or separate technical units , in its capacity as the 
holder of an EU type-approval certificate which, in accordance with Article 22(4), includes restrictions on use or special mounting conditions  or both shall provide all 
the detailed information there on to the vehicle manufacturer. 
Where a delegated act listed in Annex II so provides, the manufacturer of 
components or separate technical units sh all provide, together with the components EN 62   EN or separate technical units produced, instru ctions regarding restrictions on use or 
special mounting conditions or both. 
CHAPTER XVI 
Access to vehicle repair a nd maintenance information 
Article 60 
Manufacturers’ obligations 
1. Manufacturers shall provide unrestricted acc ess to vehicle repair and maintenance 
information to independent operators through websites using a sta ndardised format in 
a readily accessible and prompt manner. In pa rticular, this access shall be granted in 
a manner which is non-discriminatory compar ed to the access granted to authorised 
dealers and repairers. 
2. Until the Commission has adopted a common sta ndard, the information referred to in 
paragraph 1 shall be submitted in a consistent manner that can be processed by independent operators with reasonable effort. 
Manufacturers shall also make  training material availabl e to independent operators 
and authorised dealers and repairers. 
3. The information referred to in paragraph 1 shall include as a minimum all of the 
following: 
(a) the unique vehicle identification number; (b) service handbooks including re pair and mainte nance records; 
(c) technical manuals; (d) component and diagnosis informa tion (such as minimum and maximum 
theoretical values for measurements); 
(e) wiring diagrams; (f) diagnostic trouble codes, includ ing manufacturer-specific codes; 
(g) the software identification and calibra tion verification numbers applicable to a 
vehicle type; 
(h) information concerning, and delive red by means of, proprietary tools and 
equipment; 
(i) data record information and two- directional monitoring and test data; 
(j) work units. 
4. Authorised dealers or repairers within th e distribution system of a given vehicle 
manufacturer shall be regarded as indepe ndent operators for th e purposes of this EN 63   EN Regulation in cases where they provide repair or maintenance services for vehicles in 
respect of which they are not members of  the vehicle manufact urer’s distribution 
system. 
5. The vehicle repair and maintenance informa tion shall always be available, except as 
required for the maintenance of the information system. 
6. For the manufacture and servicing of OBD-compatible replacement or service parts 
and diagnostic tools and test equipment, manufacturers shall pr ovide the relevant 
OBD and vehicle repair and maintenance information on a non-discriminatory basis 
to any interested component , diagnostic-tool or test-e quipment manufacturer or 
repairer. 
7. For the design and manufacture of auto motive equipment for alternative-fuel 
vehicles, manufacturers shall provide the relevant OBD and vehicle repair and 
maintenance information on a non-discri minatory basis to any interested 
manufacturer, installer or repairer of equipment for alterna tive-fuel vehicles. 
8. When applying for EU type-approval or national type-approval, the manufacturer 
shall provide the approval au thority with proof of compliance with this Regulation in 
relation to access to vehicle repair and maintenance information and to the information referred to in paragraph 5. 
In the event that such information is not available, or does not conform to this 
Regulation and its delegated acts, at that poi nt in time, the manufacturer shall provide 
it within six months from the date of type-approval. 
9. If such proof of compliance is not provided within that period, the approval authority 
shall take appropriate measures to ensure compliance. 
10. The manufacturer shall make subsequent amendments and supplements to vehicle 
repair and maintenance information available on its websites at the same time they are made available to authorised repairers. 
11. Where the repair and maintenance records of a vehicle are kept in  a central database 
of the vehicle manufacturer or on its beha lf, independent repairers shall have access 
free of charge to such records and shall be able to enter information on the repair and 
maintenance which they have performed. 
12. The Commission shall lay down the details of the requirements with regard to access 
to repair and maintenance information by means of a delega ted act in accordance 
with Articles 76, 77 and 78. 
Article 61 
Division of obligations with regar d to several type-approval holders 
1. In the case of step-by-step type-approval, including multi-stage type-approval, the 
manufacturer responsible for each individual type-approval shall also be responsible 
for communicating repair information relating to the particular system, component or 
separate technical unit or to the particular stage to both the final manufacturer and 
independent operators. EN 64   EN 2. The final manufacturer shall be responsib le for providing information about the 
whole vehicle to independent operators. 
Article 62 
Fees for access to vehicle repair and maintenance information  
1. Manufacturers may charge reasonable and proportionate fees for access to vehicle 
repair and maintenance information covere d by this Regulation. A fee shall not be 
considered reasonable or proportionate if it discourages access by failing to take into 
account the extent to which the indepe ndent operator uses the information. 
2. Manufacturers shall make avai lable vehicle repair and maintenance information on a 
daily, monthly, and yearly basis, whereby fees for access to such information may 
vary in accordance with the respective pe riods of time for which access is granted. 
Article 63 
Penalties 
1. Member States shall provide for penalties for infringement by manufacturers of the 
provisions of this Regulation and shall take  all measures necessary to ensure that 
they are implemented. The penalties provide d for shall be effective, proportionate 
and dissuasive. Member States shall notif y those provisions to the Commission by [ 6 
months after publication of this Regulation ] and shall notify the Commission without 
delay of any subsequent amendment affecting them. 
2. The types of infringements which are subject to a pena lty shall include: 
(a) making false declarations during approva l procedures or pro cedures leading to 
a recall; 
(b) falsifying test results for type -approval or in-service conformity; 
(c) withholding data or technical specif ications which could lead to recall or 
withdrawal of type-approval; 
(d) use of defeat devices; 
(e) refusal to provide access to information. EN 65   EN CHAPTER XVII 
DESIGNATION AND NOTIFI CATION OF TECHNICAL 
SERVICES 
Article 64 
Requirements relating to technical services 
1. For the purposes of designation pursuant to  Article 66 and notification pursuant to 
Article 68, technical services shall meet th e requirements laid down in paragraphs 2 
to 11. 
2. A technical service shall be established unde r the national law of a Member State and 
have legal personality. 
3. A technical service shall be a third-part y body independent of th e vehicle, system, 
component or separate t echnical unit it assesses. 
A body belonging to a business association or professional federation representing 
undertakings involved in the design, ma nufacturing, provision, assembly, use or 
maintenance of vehicles, systems, component s or separate techni cal units which it 
assesses, tests or inspects may, on condition that its independence and the absence of any conflict of interest are demonstrated, be  considered as fulfilling the requirements 
of the first subparagraph. 
4. A technical service, its top-level mana gement and the personnel responsible for 
carrying out the assessment tasks may not be the designer, ma nufacturer, supplier, 
installer, purchaser, owner, user or maintainer of the vehicles, systems, components 
or separate technical units which they asse ss, nor the authorised representative of any 
of those parties. This sh all not preclude the use of assessed vehicles, systems, 
components or separate technical units th at are necessary for the operation of the 
technical service or the use of such ve hicles, systems, components or separate 
technical units for personal purposes. 
A technical service, its top-level mana gement and the personnel responsible for 
carrying out the assessment, testing or insp ection tasks may not be directly involved 
in the design, manufacture or constructio n, marketing, installation, use or 
maintenance of those vehicles, systems, co mponents or separate  technical units, or 
represent the parties engaged in those activities. They may not engage in any activity that may conflict with their independence of judgment or integrity in relation to the 
assessment activities for which they are notif ied. This shall in pa rticular apply to 
consultancy services. 
Technical services shall en sure that the activities of their subsidiaries or 
subcontractors do not affect the confidentia lity, objectivity or im partiality of their 
conformity assessment activities. 
5. Technical services and their personnel shal l carry out the assessment activities with 
the highest degree of professional integrity and the requisite technical competence in 
the specific field and shall be free from all pressures and indu cements, particularly EN 66   EN financial, which might influence their judgment or the results of their assessment 
activities, especially such pressures or inducements em anating from persons or 
groups of persons with an interest in the results of those activities. 
6. Technical services shall be capable of ca rrying out all the conformity assessment 
tasks assigned to them and for which they have been notified, wh ether those tasks are 
carried out by the technical service itself or on its behalf and under its responsibility. 
7. At all times and for each assessment task  and each kind or category of vehicles, 
systems, components or separate technica l units for which it has been notified, 
technical services shall have at its disposal the necessary: 
(a) personnel with technical knowledge and sufficient and appropriate experience 
to perform the assessment task; 
(b) descriptions of the procedures for the assessment task, ensuring the 
transparency and reproducibility of t hose procedures, whereby the technical 
service shall have appropriate policies and procedures as well as appropriate 
policies and procedures in place that dist inguish between tasks it carries out as 
a technical service and other activities; 
(c) procedures for the performance of activ ities which take due account of the size 
of an undertaking, the sector in which it operates, its structure, the degree of 
complexity of the technology of the ve hicle, system, component or separate 
technical unit in question, and the mass or serial nature of the production 
process. 
8. Technical services shall have the means necessary to perform the technical and 
administrative tasks connected with the conformity assessment activities in an 
appropriate manner and shall have access to  all necessary equipm ent or facilities. 
9. The personnel responsible for carrying out  conformity assessment activities shall 
have the following 
(a) sound technical and vocational training c overing all the conformity assessment 
activities for which the technical service has been notified; 
(b) satisfactory knowledge of the requiremen ts of the assessments they carry out 
and adequate authority to carry out those assessments; 
(c) appropriate knowledge and understandi ng of the safety and environmental 
requirements and other relevant provisi ons of this Regulation and the acts 
listed in Annex II; 
(d) the ability to draw up certificates, records and reports demonstrating that 
assessments have been carried out. 
10. The impartiality of the technical servic es, their top-level management and the 
assessment personnel shall be guaranteed. EN 67   EN 11. The remuneration of the top-level mana gement and assessment personnel of a 
technical service shall not depend on the num ber of assessments carried out or on the 
results of those assessments. 
12. Technical services shall take out liability insurance unless liability is assumed by the 
Member State in accordance with national law,  or the Member State itself is directly 
responsible for the conformity assessment. 
13. The personnel of a technical service shall ob serve professional secr ecy with regard to 
all information obtained in carrying out their tasks under this Regulation or any 
provision of national law gi ving effect to it, except in  relation to the competent 
authorities of the Member State in which its activities are carried out. Proprietary 
rights shall be protected. 
Article 65 
Subsidiaries of and subcontrac ting by technical services 
1. Activities may be subcontract ed or carried out by a subsidiary only with the 
agreement of the manufacturer. 
2. Where a technical service subcontracts spec ific tasks connected with conformity 
assessment or has recourse to a subsidiary, it shall ensure that the subcontractor or 
the subsidiary meets the requirements set out in Article 64 and shall inform the notifying authority accordingly. 
3. Technical services shall take full res ponsibility for the tasks performed by any 
subcontractors or subsidiaries, wh erever these are established. 
4. Technical services shall keep at the dispos al of the notifying authority the relevant 
documents concerning the assessment of the qua lifications of the subcontractor or the 
subsidiary and the work carried out by them under this Regulation. 
Article 66  
Designation of technical services 
1. Technical services designated by approval au thorities for the purposes of this Article 
shall comply with the provisions of this Regulation. 
2. The technical services shall carry out themselves or supervise the tests required for 
approval or inspections as set out in this Re gulation or in one of the acts listed in 
Annex II, except where alternative procedures are permitted. The technical services may not conduct tests or inspections for which they have not been duly designated. 
3. Technical services shall fall into one or more of the five following categories of 
activities, depending on their field of competence: 
(a) category A, technical services which ca rry out in their own facilities the tests 
referred to in this Regulation and in the acts listed in Annex II; EN 68   EN (b) category B, technical services which supervise the tests referred to in this 
Regulation and in the acts listed in Annex II, where such tests are performed in 
the manufacturer’s facilities or in the facilities of a third party; 
(c) category C, technical services which assess and monitor on a regular basis the 
manufacturer’s procedures for cont rolling conformity of production; 
(d) category D, technical services which s upervise or perform tests or inspections 
for the surveillance of co nformity of production; 
(e) category E, technical services in  charge of individual approvals. 
4. Technical services shall dem onstrate appropriate skills, specific technical knowledge 
and proven experience in the specific fields  covered by this Regul ation and the acts 
listed in Annex II. In addition, technical services shall comply with the standards laid 
down in the delegated act referred to in  paragraph 11 which are relevant for the 
activities they carry out. 
5. An approval authority may be designated as a technical service for one or more of 
the activities referred to in paragraph 3. 
6. An accredited in-house body of a manufacturer may be used as a technical service to 
carry out assessment ac tivities for the undertaking of wh ich it forms part only for 
category A activities with regard to techni cal requirements for which self-testing is 
allowed by a delegated act adopted under th is Regulation. That body shall constitute 
a separate and distinct part of the undertak ing and shall not be involved in the design, 
production, supply, installation or  maintenance of the vehicles, systems, components 
or separate technica l units it assesses. 
7. An accredited in-house body shall meet the following requirements: 
(a) it shall be accredited in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 765/2008; 
(b) the body and its personnel shall be or ganisationally iden tifiable and have 
reporting methods within the undertaki ng of which they form part which 
ensure their impartiality and demons trate it to the relevant national 
accreditation body; 
(c) neither the body nor its personnel shall be responsible for the design, 
manufacture, supply, installation, operat ion or maintenance of the vehicles, 
systems, components or separate techni cal units they asse ss nor shall they 
engage in any activity that  might conflict with their independence of judgment 
or integrity in relation to their assessment activities; 
(d) the body shall supply its services excl usively to the undertaking of which it 
forms part. 
8. An accredited in-house body shall not be notified to the Member States or the 
Commission, for the purposes of Article  68 but information concerning its 
accreditation shall be given by the undertaki ng of which it forms part or by the 
national accreditation body to th e notifying authority at the request of that authority. EN 69   EN 9. A manufacturer or a subcontra cting party acting on its beha lf may be designated as a 
technical service only for category A activi ties with regard to technical requirements 
for which self-testing is allowed in a de legated act adopted u nder this Regulation. 
10. Technical services of a third country, othe r than those designated in accordance with 
paragraph 9, may be notified for the purpos es of Article 68 only under a bilateral 
agreement between the Union and the third country in question. 
11. In order to ensure that these services meet the same high level of performance 
standards in all Member States, the Comm ission shall lay down the standards with 
which the technical services have to comp ly and the procedure for the assessment of 
technical services by means of a delegate d act in accordance with Articles 76, 77 and 
78. 
Article 67 
Assessment of the skills  of technical services  
1. The competent authority shall draw up an assessment report demonstrating that the 
designated and notified technical service ha s been assessed for its compliance with 
the requirements. 
2. The assessment on which the report referre d to in paragraph 1 is based shall be 
conducted in accordance with the provision s laid down in a delegated act adopted 
under this Regulation. The assessment repor t shall be reviewed after a maximum 
period of three years. 
3. The assessment report shall be comm unicated to the Commission upon request. 
Where the assessment is not based on an accr editation certificate issued by a national 
accreditation body attesting that the technical service fulf ils the requirements of this 
Regulation, the notifying au thority shall provide the Commission and the other 
Member States with documentary evidence which attests the technical service’s competence and the arrangements in place to ensure that the technical service is 
monitored regularly and will continue to satisfy the requirements of this Regulation 
and its delegated acts. 
4. An approval authority that intends to be  designated as a technical service shall 
demonstrate compliance through documentary  evidence. This shall include an 
assessment conducted by auditors independe nt of the activity being assessed. Such 
auditors may be from within the same or ganisation provided that they are managed 
separately from personnel undertak ing the assessed activity. 
5. An accredited in-house body designated as a te chnical service shall comply with the 
relevant provisions of this Article. 
Article 68 
Procedures for notification  
1. Member States shall notify to the Commission the name, the address including 
electronic address, the responsible persons  and the category of activities for each 
designated technical service, as well as any subsequent modifi cations thereto. The EN 70   EN notification shall state for which subjects li sted in Annex II the technical services 
have been designated. 
2. A technical service may conduct the activit ies referred to in Article 66 for the 
purposes of type-approval for the Member State which designated it only if it has 
been notified beforehand to the Commission and where no objections are raised by 
the Commission or the other Member Stat es within two weeks of a notification 
where an accreditation certificate is used or within two months  of a notification 
where accreditation is not used. 
3. The same technical service may be designate d and notified by several Member States 
irrespective of th e category of activ ities it conducts. 
4. The Commission and the other Member States shall be no tified of any subsequent 
relevant changes to the notification. 
5. Where a specific organisation or comp etent body carrying out an activity not 
included in those referred to in Article 66 n eeds to be designated in application of an 
act listed in Annex II, the notification shall be made in accordance with this Article. 
6. The Commission shall publish on its website a list a nd details of the approval 
authorities and t echnical services. 
Article 69 
Changes to notifications 
1. Where a notifying authority has ascertained or has been informed that a technical 
service no longer meets the requirements laid down in this Regulation, or that it is 
failing to fulfil its obligations, the notifying authority shall restrict, suspend or withdraw notification as appropriate, depe nding on the seriousness of the failure to 
meet those requirements or fulfil those obligations. The notif ying authority shall 
immediately inform the Co mmission and the other Member States accordingly. 
2. In the event of restriction, suspension or withdrawal of notification, or where the 
technical service has ceased its activit y, the notifying Member State shall take 
appropriate steps to ensure that the files of  that technical service are either processed 
by another technical service or  kept available for the competent notifying and market 
surveillance authorities at their request. 
Article 70 
Challenge to the competen ce of technical services 
1. The Commission shall investigate all cases where it doubts, or doubt is brought to its 
attention, regarding the compet ence of a technical service or the continued fulfilment 
by a technical service of the requirements a nd responsibilities to which it is subject. 
2. The notifying Member State shall provide  the Commission, on request, with all 
information relating to the basis for the notification or the maintenance of the 
competence of the techni cal service concerned. EN 71   EN 3. The Commission shall ensure that all sensi tive information obtained in the course of 
its investigations is treated confidentially. 
4. Where the Commission ascertain s that a technical service does not meet or no longer 
meets the requirements for its notification, it  shall inform the notifying Member State 
accordingly and request it to take the n ecessary corrective measures, including the 
withdrawal of the notif ication if necessary. 
Article 71 
Operational obligations of  technical services 
1. Technical services shall ca rry out conformity assessments in accordance with the 
assessment procedures provided for in this Regulation.  
2. Conformity assessments shall be carried out in a proportionate manner, avoiding 
unnecessary burdens for economic operators. Technical services shall perform their 
activities taking due account of  the size of an undertaking,  the sector in which it 
operates, its structure, the degree of co mplexity of the tec hnology of the vehicle, 
system, component or separate technical unit in question and the mass or serial 
nature of the production process.  
3. In so doing, they shall neve rtheless respect the degree of rigour and the level of 
protection required for the compliance of the vehicle, system, component or separate 
technical unit with the provi sions of this Regulation. 
4. Where a technical service finds that requirements laid down in this Regulation have 
not been met by a manufacturer, it shall requir e that manufacturer to take appropriate 
corrective measures and shall request the type-approval authority not to issue a type-approval certificate unless the appropriate corrective measures have been taken to the 
satisfaction of the technical service. 
5. Where, in the course of monitoring confor mity of production following the issue of a 
type-approval certificate, a technical servi ce finds that a vehicle, system, component 
or separate technical unit no longer complies with this Regulation, it shall require the 
manufacturer to take appropriate
 corrective measures and shall request the type-
approval authority to suspend or withdraw the type-approva l certificate if necessary. 
6. Where corrective measures are not taken or  do not have the required effect, the 
technical service shall request  the type-approval authority to restrict, suspend or 
withdraw the type-a pproval certificate, as appropriate. 
Article 72 
Information obligations of  technical services 
1. Technical services shall inform the approval authority of the following: 
(a) any non-conformity encountered which may require a refusal, restriction, 
suspension or withdrawal of a type-approval certificate; 
(b) any circumstances affecting the scope of and conditions for their notification; EN 72   EN (c) any request for information which they have received from market surveillance 
authorities regarding their assessment activities; 
2. On request from the approval authority, as sessment activities shall be performed 
within the scope of their notification a nd any other activity performed, including 
cross-border activities  and subcontracting. 
3. Technical services shall provide the othe r technical services  notified under this 
Regulation which carry out similar assessmen t activities covering the same vehicle, 
system, component or separate technical un it with relevant information on issues 
relating to negative and, on reque st, positive assessment results. 
CHAPTER XVIII 
IMPLEMENTING MEASURES AND DELEGATION  
Article 73 
Implementing measures   
In order to lay down uniform conditions fo r the implementation of this Regulation, 
the Commission shall, in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 74, adopt implementing acts laying down impl ementing measures to establish the 
following: 
(a) the details of the arrangements with regard to type-appro val procedures in 
accordance with Article 23(6) ; 
(b) templates for the information folder and the information document in 
accordance with Article 25(2) ; 
(c) a numbering system of EU type-a pproval certificates in accordance with 
Article 27( 4); 
(d) a template for an EU type-approval certificate in accordance with Article 28 
(2); 
(e) the details of the arrangements with  regard to conformity of production in 
accordance with Article 31; 
(f) the template of a certif icate of conformity in acco rdance with Article 36(2); 
(g) the model of the EU type-approval ma rk in accordance with Article 37(4). 
Article 74 
Committee  
1. The Commission shall be as sisted by the Technical Committee – Motor Vehicles 
established under Article 40 of Directive 2007/46/EC. EN 73   EN 2. Where reference is made to this paragr aph, Article 5 and Artic le 7 of Decision 
1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to th e provisions of Artic le 8 thereof. The 
period referred to in Article 5(6) of Decision 1999/468/EC sha ll be set at three 
months. 
Article 75 
Amendment of the Annexes  
1. The Commission may adopt amendments to  the Annexes of this Regulation by 
means of delegated acts in accordance with Articles 76, 77 and 78. 
2. When, pursuant to Decision 97/836/EC, new UNECE regulations or amendments to 
existing UNECE regulations to which the Union has acceded are adopted, the 
Commission shall, by means of a delegate d act in accordance with Articles 76, 77 
and 78 amend Annex II to this Regulation accordingly. 
Article 76 
Exercise of delegation  
1. The powers to adopt the delegated acts re ferred to in Articles 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 
30, 52, 56, 57, 60, 66 and 75 shall be co nferred on the Commission for an 
indeterminate period of time. 
2. As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to 
the European Parliament and to the Council. 
3. The powers to adopt delegated acts are c onferred on the Commissi on subject to the 
conditions laid down in Article 77 and 78. 
Article 77 
Revocation of delegation  
1. The delegation of power referred to in Articles 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 30, 52, 56, 57, 
60, 66 and 75 may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the 
Council. 
2. The institution which has commenced an inte rnal procedure for deciding whether to 
revoke the delegation of power shall endeavour  to inform the other institution and the 
Commission within a reasonable time before  the final decision is taken, indicating 
the delegated powers which could be subjec t to revocation and po ssible reasons for a 
revocation. 
3. A revocation decision shall put  an end to the delegation of the powers specified in 
that decision. It shall take effect immediat ely or at a later date specified therein. It 
shall not affect the validity of the delegated acts already in force. It shall be published in the Official Journal of  the European Union . EN 74   EN Article 78 
Objections to delegated acts  
1. The European Parliament and the Council may object to a dele gated act within a 
period of two months from th e date of notification. At th e initiative of the European 
Parliament or the Council, this pe riod shall be extended by one month. 
2. If, on expiry of that peri od, neither the Eur opean Parliament nor the Council has 
objected to the delegated act, or if, before that date, the European  Parliament and the 
Council have both informed the Commission th at they have decided not to raise 
objections, the delegated act sha ll enter into force at the date stated in its provisions. 
3. If the European Parliament or  the Council objects to a delega ted act, it shall not enter 
into force. The institution which objects sh all state the reasons for objecting to the 
delegated act. 
CHAPTER XIX 
FINAL PROVISIONS 
Article 79 
Transitional provisions  
1. This Regulation shall not invalidate any EU type-approval granted to vehicles or to 
systems, components or separa te technical units before th e date specified in Article 
82(2). 
2. Approval authorities shall cont inue to grant extension of approvals to the vehicles, 
systems, components or separate technica l units referred to in paragraph 1 in 
accordance with Directive 2002/24/EC and any of the directives listed in Article 
81(1). 
Article 80  
Report 
1. No later than 1 January 2018 Member Stat es shall inform the Commission of the 
application of the type-approval proce dures laid down in this Regulation. 
2. On the basis of the information supplied under paragraph 1, the Commission shall 
report to the European Parliament and the Council on the application of this 
Regulation no later than 1 January 2019. 
Article 81 
Repeal 
1. Directives 93/14/EEC, 93/30/EEC, 93/ 33/EEC, 93/93/EEC, 95/1/EC, 97/24/EC,
 2000/7/EC, 2002/24/EC, 2002/51/EC, 2009/62/EC, 2009/67/EC, 2009/78/EC, 
2009/79/EC, 2009/80/EC and2009/139/EC are he reby repealed from the date 
referred to in Article 82(2). EN 75   EN 2. References to the repealed directives shall be construed as references to this 
Regulation and shall be read, as regards Directive 2002/24/EC, in accordance with 
the correlation table set out in Annex IX. 
Article 82 
Entry into force and application 
1. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its 
publication in the Official J ournal of the European Union. 
2. It shall apply from 1 January 2013. 
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable all Member States. 
Done at […], […] 
For the European Parliament For the Council 
The President The President […] […] EN 76   EN TABLE OF CONTENTS 
ANNEX I –Vehicle categories and sub-categories 
ANNEX  II – List of requirements for the purposes of EU vehicle type-approval 
ANNEX III – Limits for small series ANNEX
 IV – Timetable for the application of this  Regulation in respect of type-approval 
ANNEX V – Overview of environm ental tests and requirements 
ANNEX  VI – Emission limit values for type-approval and conformity of production 
(A) Pollutant emission limits; (B) On-board diagnostics emission thresholds; (C) Evaporative emission limits; (D) Sound-level limits. 
ANNEX VII – Durability of pollution control devices ANNEX  VIII – Enhanced functional safety requirements 
ANNEX  IX – Correlation table  
EN 77   EN ANNEX I  
Vehicle categories and vehicle types  
Category Category name Common classification criteria 
L1e Light two-wheel powered vehicle (1) two wheels and powered by a propulsion as listed under Article 4(3) and 
(2) engine capacity ≤ 50 cm3 if a PI engine forms part of the vehicle's propulsion configuration. 
Sub-
categories Subcategory name Supplemental sub-classification criteria: 
L1Ae Powered cycle (3) primary aim to aid pedalling and vehicle equipped with an auxiliary propulsion and 
(4) maximum design speed  ≤ 25 km/h and 
(5) output of auxiliary propulsion is progressively reduced and finally cut off as vehicle reaches a speed of 25 km/h and 
(6) the auxiliary propulsion has a maximum continuous rated power(1) ≤ 1 kW and 
(7) powered three-wheel cycles complying w ith supplemental specific classification crite ria (3), (4), (5) and (6) are classifie d as being 
technically equivalent to powered two-wheel cycles. 
L1Be Two-wheel moped (3) maximum design speed ≤ 25 km/h and 
(4) maximum continuous rated power(1) ≤ 4 kW. 
 
Category Category name Common classification criteria 
L2e Three-wheel moped (1) three wheels and powered by a propulsion as listed under Article 4(3) and 
(2) engine capacity ≤ 50 cm3 if a PI engine forms part of the vehicle's propulsion configuration and 
(3) maximum design speed ≤ 45 km/h and 
(4) maximum continuous rated power(1) ≤ 4 kW. 
 
 
 
NB refer to the last page of Annex VIII for an overview of the notes to the Annexes 
EN 78   EN Category Category name Common classification criteria 
L3e(2) Two-wheel motorcycle (1) two wheels and powered by propulsion as listed under Article 4(3) and 
(2) engine capacity > 50 cm3 if a PI engine forms part of the vehicle's propulsion configuration and 
(3) maximum design speed > 45 km/h and 
(4) maximum continuous rated power(1) > 4 kW. 
Sub-
categories Subcategory name Supplemental sub-classification criteria: 
L3e - A1 Low-performance motorcycle (5) engine capacity ≤ 125 cm3 and 
(6) maximum continuous rated power(1) ≤ 11 kW and 
(7) power(1) / weight ratio ≤ 0.1 kW/kg. 
L3e - A2 Medium-performance motorcycle (5) maximum continuous rated power(1) ≤ 35 kW and 
(6) power(1) / weight ratio ≤ 0.2 kW/kg and 
(7) not derived from a vehicle equipped with an engine of more than double its power(1). 
L3e - A3 High-performance motorcycle (5) any other vehicle of th e L3e category that cannot be cla ssified according to the perfo rmance criteria of subcategories A1 or A2. 
 
Category Category name Common classification criteria 
L4e Two-wheel motorcycle with side-
car (1) base powered vehicle complying with the classification and sub classification criteria for L3e vehicles and 
(2) base powered vehicle equipped with a side-car. 
   
 
  
NB refer to the last page of Annex VIII for an overview of the notes to the Annexes 
EN 79   EN Category Category name Common classification criteria 
L5e Powered tricycle (1) three wheels and powered by a propulsion as listed under Article 4(3) and 
(2) if a PI combustion engine makes part of the vehicle’s propulsion configuration: an engine capacity > 50 cm3 and 
(3) maximum design speed > 45 km/h and (4) maximum continuous rated power
(1) > 4 kW. 
Sub-
categories Subcategory name Supplemental sub-classification criteria: 
L5Ae Tricycle (5) powered tricycles other than those complying with the specific classification criteria for commercial tricycl es. 
L5Be Commercial Tricycle (5) designed and used as commercial vehicles  and characterised by an enclosed driv ing and passenger compartment accessible via two 
or more doors. 
L5Be - U Tricycles for utility purposes (6) exclusively designed for the carriage of goods with an open or enclosed, virtually even and horizontal loading bed that mee ts one 
of the following criteria: 
(1) length loading bed  x width loading bed  > 0.3 x Length vehicle x Width vehicle or 
(2) an equivalent loading bed area as defined above used to install machines and/or equipment. 
L5Be - P Tricycle for passenger transport (6) equipped with two, three or four passenger seating positions, including the seating position for the driver and all seating  positions 
equipped with seat belts.  
EN 80   EN Category Category name Common classification criteria 
L6e Light quadricycle (1) four wheels and powered by a propulsion as listed under Article 4(3) and 
(2) maximum design speed ≤ 45 km/h and 
(3) the mass in running order ≤ 350 kg, not including: 
(a) mass of batteries in case of a hybrid  or fully electric pr opelled vehicle or 
(b) weight of gaseous-fuel system including tanks for gaseous fuel storage in the case of mono- , bi or multi-fuel vehicle or  
(c) weight of tank(s) to store compressed air in case of pre-compressed air propulsion. 
Sub-
categories Subcategory name Supplemental sub-classification criteria: 
L6Ae Light on-road quad (4) category L6e vehicles not complying with the special categorisation criteria for sub category L6Be vehicles and 
(5) maximum continuous rated power(1) ≤ 4 kW and 
(6) engine capacity ≤ 50 cm3 if a PI engine forms part of the vehicle's propulsion configuration. 
L6Be Light mini-car (4) enclosed driving and passenger compar tment accessible via two or more doors and 
(5) maximum continuous rated power(1) ≤ 6 kW and 
(6) engine capacity ≤ 50 cm3 if a PI engine forms part of the vehicle's propulsion configuration and 
(7) Length vehicle x Width vehicle ≤ 4.4 m2 with a maximum Width  vehicle  ≤ 1.5 m. 
L6Be - U Light mini-cars for utility 
purposes (8) exclusively designed for the carriage of goods with an open or enclosed, virtually even and horizontal loading bed that mee ts one 
of the following criteria: 
(a) length loading bed  x width loading bed > 0.3 x Length vehicle x Width vehicle or 
(b) an equivalent loading bed area as defined above used to install machines and/or equipment. 
L6Be - P Light mini-car for passenger 
transport (8) vehicles mainly designed and used for passenger transport, characterised by being equipped with two passenger seating posit ions, 
including the seating position for the driver, and both seating positions equipped with seat belts.  
EN 81   EN Category Category name Common classification criteria 
L7e Heavy quadricycle (1) four wheels and powered by a propulsion as listed under Article 4(3) and 
(2) maximum design speed > 45 km/h and 
(3) mass in running order: 
(a) ≤ 400 kg for transport of passengers; 
(b) ≤ 550 kg for transport of goods. 
 The mass in running order does not include: 
(1) mass of the batteries in the case of a h ybrid or fully electric-propelled vehicle or 
(2) weight of a gaseous-fuel system including tanks for gaseous fuel storage in the case of mono- , bi- or multi-fuel vehicles or  
(3) weight of tank(s) to store compressed ai r in the case of pre-co mpressed air propulsion; 
 
(4) maximum continuous rated power
(1) ≤ 15 kW. 
Sub-
categories Subcategory name Supplemental sub-classification criteria: 
L7Ae Heavy on-road quad (5) category L7e vehicles not complying with the sp ecific criteria for subcategory L7Be vehicles and 
(6) equipped with one or two passenger seating positions, including the seating position for the rider. 
L7Be Heavy mini-car (5) enclosed driving and passenger compar tment accessible via two or more doors and 
(6) equipped with two, three or four  passenger seating positions, including the seating position for the rider. 
L7Be - U Heavy mini-car for utility 
purposes (7) exclusively designed for the carriage of goods with an open or enclosed, virtually even and horizontal loading bed that mee ts one 
of the following criteria: (a) length
loading bed  x width loading bed  > 0.3 x Length vehicle x Width vehicle or 
(b) an equivalent loading bed area as defined above used to install machines and/or equipment. 
L7Be - P Heavy mini-car for passenger 
transport (7) vehicles mainly designed and used for passenger transport, characterised by being equipped with less than or equal to four 
passenger seating positions, including the seating position for the driver and all seating positions being equipped with seat b elts.  
EN 82   EN ANNEX II  
List of requirements for the purpo ses of EU vehicle type-approval  
No Article Subject Document reference Vehicle Categories 
    L1Ae L1Be L2e L3e L4e L5Ae L5Be L6Ae L6Be L7Ae L7Be 
I ENVIRONMENTAL AND PROPULSI ON PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS  
1  electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)  X X  X X X X X X X X X 
2 environmental test procedures  related to exhaust emissions, 
evaporative emissions, greenhous e gas emissions and fuel 
consumption; X X  X X X X X X X X X 
3 maximum design engine speed, maximum torque, 
maximum net engine power X X  X X X X X X X X X 
4 21 & 22 
test procedures related to sound  
X X  X X X X X X X X X  
EN 83   EN No Article Subject Document reference Vehicle Categories  
    L1Ae L1Be L2e L3e L4e L5Ae L5Be L6Ae L6Be L7Ae L7Be 
II VEHICLE FUNCTIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS  
1 audible warning devices X X  X X X X X X X X X 
2 braking, including anti-lock and combined brake systems(3) X X  X X X X X X X X X 
3 electrical safety X X  X X X X X X X X X 
4 endurance testing of functional safe ty systems            
5 front and rear protective structures        X  X X X 
6 glazing, windscreen wipers a nd washers, and de-icing and 
demisting devices       X  X  X 
7 identification of controls, tell-tales and indicators X X  X X X X X X X X X 
8 installation of lighting a nd light signalling devices, 
including automatic switching of lighting X X  X X X X X X X X X 
9 rearward visibility X X  X X X X X X X X X 
10 safety belt anchorages and safety belts        X X X X X 
11 seating position (saddles and seats) X X  X X X X X X X X X 
12 steer-ability, cornering pr operties and turn-ability X X  X X X X X X X X X 
13 tyres X X  X X X X X X X X X 
14 vehicle maximum speed limitation plate and location on 
vehicle       X  X  X X X 
15 vehicle occupant protection, in cluding interior fittings, head 
restraint and vehicle doors       X  X  X 
16 vehicle speed limitation by design X X X     X X   
17 20 
vehicle structure integrity  
X X  X X X X X X X X X  
EN 84   EN No Article Subject Document reference Vehicle Categories  
   L1Ae L1Be L2e L3e L4e L5Ae L5Be L6Ae L6Be L7Ae L7Be 
III VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS  
1 anti-tampering measures X X  X X X X X X X X X 
2 coupling devices and attachments X X  X X X X X X X X X 
3 devices to prevent unauthorised use X X  X X X X X X X X X 
4 external projections X X  X X X X X X X X X 
5 fuel storage X X  X X X X X X X X X 
6 load platforms   X    X  X  X 
7 masses and dimensions X X  X X X X X X X X X 
8 on-board diagnostics  X  X X X X X X X X X 
9 passenger handholds and footrests X X  X X X X X X X X X 
10 rear registration plate space X X  X X X X X X X X X 
11 repair and maintenance information X X  X X X X X X X X X 
12 stands X X  X        
13 18 & 19 
statutory markings  
X X  X X X X X X X X X  
EN 85   EN No Article Subject Document reference Vehicle Categories  
    L1Ae L1Be L2e L3e L4e L5Ae L5Be L6Ae L6Be L7Ae L7Be 
IV ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS  
1 36 certificate of conformity X X X X X X X X X X X 
2 31 conformity of production requirements X  X X X X X X X X X X 
3 25 information folder and document requirements  X  X X X X X X X X X X 
4 37 marking requirements X X X X X X X X X X X 
5 30 self-testing and virtual testing requirements X  X X X X X X X X X X 
6 28 type-approval certificate X X X X X X X X X X X 
7 27 type-approval numbering X  X X X X X X X X X X 
8 23 type-approval procedures X  X X X X X X X X X X 
9 60 vehicle and engine id entification systems  
X X  X X X X X X X X X  
EN 86   EN ANNEX  III  
Limits for small series  
 
Vehicle 
category Vehicle 
category name Small series 
(units for each type sold, 
registered and entering 
into service per year) 
L1Ae Powered cycle 
L1Be Two-wheel moped 
L2e Three-wheel moped 20 
L3e Two-wheel motorcycle 50 
L4e Two-wheel motorcycle 
with side-car 100 
L5Ae Tricycle 50 
L5Be Commercial tricycle 100 
L6Ae Light on-road quad 20 
L6Be Light mini-car 100 
L7Ae Heavy on-road quad 20 
L7Be Heavy mini-car 100  
EN 87   EN ANNEX IV  
Timetable for the application of this Regulation in respect of type-approval  
 
Vehicle 
category Euro level Enforcement dates 
  New types of vehicles 
Optional New types of vehicles 
Obligatory Existing types of vehicles 
Obligatory 
Euro 3(4) 1 July 2013  1 January 2014  1 January 2015 
Euro 4(5) 1 January 2015  1 January 2017  1 January 2018 L1e — L7e 
Euro 5(6) 1 January 2018(7) 1 January 2020(7)  1 January 2021(7)  
 
           
NB refer to the last page of Annex VIII for an overview of the notes to the annexes 
EN 88   EN ANNEX V  
Environmental tests and requirements  
L-category vehicles may be type-appr oved only if they comply with the following environmental requirements: 
Test type Description Requirements: limit values Requirements: test procedures 
I Tailpipe emissions after cold start Annex VI(A) . 
II - PI or Hybrid(8) equipped with PI: CO emissions at idling 
and increased idling speed 
- CI or Hybrid with CI engine: free acceleration test Directive 96/96/EC(9) as amended by 
Directive 2009/40/EC(10) Directive 96/96/EC, as amended by 2009/40/EC 
III Emissions of crankcase gases Zero emission, closed crankcase. Crankcase 
emissions may not be discharged directly into 
the ambient atmosphere from any vehicle 
throughout its useful life.  
IV Evaporative emissions Annex VI(C)  
V Durability of pollution control devices Annexes VI and VII   
VI Low-temperature test Not applicable Not applicable 
VII CO 2 emissions / fuel consumption  Measurement and reporting, no limit value 
for type-approval purposes.  
VIII On-board diagnostics (OBD) Annex VI(B)  
IX Sound level Annex VI(D)  
X Electromagnetic compatibility UNECE regulation No 10(11) UNECE regulation No 10 
 
NB refer to the last page of Annex VIII for an overview of the notes to the annexes   
EN 89   EN ANNEX VI  
Pollutant emission limit values, OBD thres holds and sound-level limit values for type -approval and conformity of production  
(A) Tailpipe emission li mits after cold start 
(A1) Euro 3(4) 
Vehicle 
category Vehicle 
category name Propulsion 
class Euro 
level Mass of 
carbon 
monoxide 
(CO) Mass of total 
hydrocarbons 
(THC) Mass of 
oxides 
of nitrogen 
(NOx) Mass of 
particulate 
Matter (PM) Sum mass of total 
hydrocarbons and oxides 
of nitrogen (THC + NOx) Test 
cycle 
    L1 (mg / L2 (mg / km)  L 3 (mg / km)  L 4 (mg / km)  L 5 (mg / km)  
L1Ae Powered cycle PI / CI / Hybrid Euro 3  560 100 130 - -  UNECE regulation No 47(12) 
L1Be Two-wheel moped PI / CI / Hybrid Euro 3  1000 - - - 1200 UNECE regulation No 47 
L2e Three-wheel moped PI / CI / Hybrid Euro 3  3500 - - - 1200 UNECE regulation No 47 
PI, v max < 130 
km/h Euro 3  1970 560 130 - - WMTC, phase 2 
PI, v max ≥ 130 
km/h Euro 3  1970  250 170 - - WMTC, phase 2 L3e(4) 
L4e(14) 
L5Ae 
L7Ae -Two-wheel motorcycle 
with and without side-
car 
- Tricycle 
- Heavy on-road quad 
 
 CI / Hybrid Euro 3  1000  100 570 100(15) - WMTC, phase 2 
PI Euro 3  4000 1000 250 - - UNECE regulation No 40(13) 
L5Be Commercial 
tricycle 
CI / Hybrid Euro 3  1000 150 650 100(15) - UNECE regulation No 40 
PI Euro 3 3500    1200 UNECE regulation No 47 L6Ae 
L6Be Light on-road quad 
Light mini-car CI / Hybrid Euro 3 1000 150 650 100(15)  UNECE regulation No 47 
PI Euro 3  4000 1000 250 - - UNECE regulation No 40 
L7Be Heavy mini-car 
CI / Hybrid Euro 3 1000 150 650 100(15)  UNECE regulation No 40 
 
NB refer to the last page of Annex VIII for an overview of the notes to the annexes    
EN 90   EN (A2) Euro 4(5) 
Vehicle 
category Vehicle 
category name Propulsion  
class Euro 
level Mass of 
carbon 
monoxide 
(CO) Mass of total 
hydrocarbons 
(THC) Mass of 
oxides 
of nitrogen 
(NOx) Mass of 
particulate 
matter 
(PM) Test 
cycle 
  L1 (mg / km) L2 (mg / km)  L 3 (mg / km)  L 4 (mg / km)  
L1Ae Powered cycle PI / CI / Hybrid Euro 4 560 100 70  UNECE regulation No 47 
L1Be Two-wheel moped PI / CI / Hybrid Euro 4  1000 630 170 - UNECE regulation No 47 
L2e Three-wheel moped PI / CI / Hybrid Euro 4  1900 730 170 - UNECE regulation No 47 
PI, v max < 130 
km/h Euro 4  1140 380 70 - WMTC, phase 2 
PI, v max ≥ 130 
km/h Euro 4  1140  170 90 - WMTC, phase 2 L3e(5) 
L4e(14) 
L5Ae L7Ae -Two-wheel 
motorcycles with and 
without side-car 
- Tricycle 
- Heavy on-road quad CI / Hybrid
 Euro 4  1000  100 300 80(15) WMTC, phase 2 
PI Euro 4  2000 550 250 - UNECE regulation No 40 
L5Be Commercial 
tricycle CI / Hybrid Euro 4  1000 100 550 80(15) UNECE regulation No 40 
PI Euro 4  1900 730  170  UNECE regulation No 47 L6Ae 
L6Be Light on-road quad 
Light mini-car CI / Hybrid Euro 4  1000 100 550 80(15) UNECE regulation No 47 
PI Euro 4  2000 550 250 - UNECE regulation No 40 
L7Be Heavy mini-car 
CI / Hybrid Euro 4 1000 100 550 80(15) UNECE regulation No 40 
 
 
NB refer to the last page of Annex VIII for an overview of the notes to the annexes 
EN 91   EN  (A3) Euro 5(6) 
Vehicle 
category Vehicle 
category name Propulsion  
class Euro 
Level(7) Mass of 
carbon 
monoxide 
(CO) Mass of total 
hydrocarbons 
(THC) Mass of Non 
methane 
hydrocarbons 
(NMHC) Mass of 
oxides 
of nitrogen 
(NOx) Mass of 
particulate 
matter 
(PM) Test cycle 
   L1 (mg / km) L2A (mg / km)  L 2B (mg / km)  L 3 (mg / km)  L 4 (mg / km)  
L1Ae Powered cycle PI / CI / Hybrid Euro 5  500 100 68 60 4.5(16) Revised WMTC((17) 
PI 1000 100 68 60 4.5((16) Revised WMTC 
L1Be - 
L7e(6) All other L-category 
vehicles 
CI / Hybrid Euro 5(6) 
500 100 68 90 4.5  Revised WMTC 
 
        
NB refer to the last page of Annex VIII for an overview of the notes to the annexes 
EN 92   EN (B) On-board diagnostics emission thresholds  
(B1) Euro 4(5), OBD stage I. 
Vehicle 
category Vehicle 
category name Propulsion 
class Euro 
level Mass of 
carbon 
monoxide 
(CO) Mass of total 
hydrocarbons 
(THC) Mass of oxides 
of nitrogen 
(NOx) Test 
cycle 
    OT 1 (mg / km) OT 2 (mg / km)  OT 3 (mg / km)   
L1Be 
 
L2e 
 
L6Ae - Two-wheel 
moped 
- Three-wheel 
moped 
-On-road 
light quad PI, CI or 
Hybrid Euro 4  3610 2690 850 UNECE regulation No 47  
PI 
vmax < 130 km/h 2170 1400 350 WMTC, phase 2 
PI 
vmax ≥ 130 km/h 2170 630 450 WMTC, phase 2 L3e(5) 
L4e(14) 
 
L5Ae 
 
L7Ae -Two-wheel 
motorcycle with 
and without side-
car 
- Tricycle 
- Heavy on-road 
quad CI or 
Hybrid Euro 4  
2170 630 900 WMTC, phase 2 
 
(B2) Euro 5(6), OBD stage I, and(7) OBD stage II 
Vehicle 
category Vehicle 
category name Propulsion  
class Euro 
level Mass of 
carbon 
monoxide 
(CO) Mass of Non 
methane 
hydrocarbons 
(NMHC) Mass of oxides 
of nitrogen 
(NOx) Mass of 
particulate 
matter 
(PM) Test 
cycle 
  OT 1 (mg / km) OT 2 (mg / km)  OT 3 (mg / km)  OT 4 (mg / km)  
PI Euro 5  1900 250 300 50 Revised WMTC 
L1Be — 
L7e(6) All L category 
vehicles except 
category L1Ae CI or 
Hybrid Euro 5  1900 320 540 50 Revised WMTC 
NB refer to the last page of Annex VIII for an overview of the notes to the annexes 
EN 93   EN (C) Evaporative emission limits   
(C1) Euro 4(5) 
Vehicle 
category Vehicle 
category name Propulsion  
class Euro 
level Mass of total hydrocarbons 
(THC) (mg / test)  Test cycle 
L3e(5) 
L4e(14) Two-wheel motorcycle(20) 
with and without side-car PI(18) Euro 5 
L5Ae Tricycle PI(18) Euro 4 
L6Ae Light on-road quad PI(18) Euro 4 
L7Ae Heavy on-road quad PI(18) Euro 4  2 000 SHED 
 
(C2) Euro 5(6) 
Vehicle 
Class(19) Vehicle 
category name Propulsion 
Class Euro 
level Permeation test 
(mg / m2 / day) Mass of total 
hydrocarbons 
(THC) in 
SHED test 
(mg / test)  
    Fuel tank Fuel tubing Vehicle 
L1Ae Powered cycle Euro 5 1500 15000 1500 
L1Be Two-wheel moped Euro 5 1500 15000 1500 
L2e Three-wheel moped Euro 5 1500 15000 1500 
L3e(6) 
L4e(14) Two-wheel motorcycle with 
and without side-car Euro 6   1500 
L5Ae Tricycle Euro 5    1500 
L5Be Commercial tricycle Euro 5 1500 15000 1500 
L6Ae Light on-road quad Euro 5   1500 
L6Be Light mini-car Euro 5 1500 15000 1500 
L7Ae Heavy on-road quad Euro 5    1500 
L7Be Heavy mini-car PI(18) 
Euro 5 1500 15000 1500 
 
NB refer to the last page of Annex VIII for an overview of the notes to the annexes   
EN 94   EN (D) Sound-level limits — Euro 3(4), Euro 4(5), Euro 5(6) 
Vehicle 
category Vehicle 
category name Euro 3(4) 
sound level(21) 
(dB(A)) Euro 3(4) 
test procedure(23) Euro 4(5) 
sound level(21) 
(dB(A)) Euro 4(5) 
test procedure(23) Euro 5(6) 
sound level(22)  
(dB(A)) Euro 5(6) 
test procedure 
L1Ae Powered cycle 63  63(21)  
Two-wheel moped 
vmax ≤ 25 km/h 66  66  
L1Be 
Two-wheel moped 
vmax ≤ 45 km/h 71 Delegated act /  
UNECE regulation No 63  
71 Delegated act /  
UNECE regulation No 63  
 UNECE regulation No 
63 
L2e Three-wheel moped 76  Delegated act /  
UNECE regulation No 9 76 Delegated act /  
UNECE regulation No 9  UNECE regulation No 
9 
Two-wheel motorcycle 
Engine capacity 
≤ 80 cm3 75 75  
Two-wheel motorcycle 
80 cm3 < 
Engine capacity ≤ 
175 cm3 77 77  L3e 
Two-wheel motorcycle 
Engine capacity 
> 175 cm3 80 80  
L4e Two-wheel motorcycle 
with side-car 80 Delegated act / 
UNECE regulation No 41 
80 Delegated act /  
UNECE regulation No 41 
 UNECE regulation No 
41 
L5Ae Tricycle 80 80 
L5Be Commercial tricycle 80  Delegated act / 
UNECE regulation No 9 
80 Delegated act /  
UNECE regulation No 9 UNECE regulation No 
9 
L6Ae Light quad 80  Delegated act / 
UNECE regulation No 63 80 Delegated act /  
UNECE regulation No 63  UNECE regulation No 
63  
L6Be Light mini-car 80 80 
L7Ae On-road quad 80 80 
L7Be Heavy mini-car 80 Delegated act / 
UNECE regulation No 9 
80 Delegated act /  
UNECE regulation No 9 UNECE regulation No 
9 
NB refer to the last page of Annex VIII for an overview of the notes to the annexes   
EN 95   EN ANNEX VII  
Durability of pollution control devices  
(A) Durability mileage of L-category vehicles 
Vehicle 
category Vehicle 
category name Euro 3(4) durability 
mileage (km) 
 Euro 4(5)durability 
mileage (km) 
 Euro 5(6)durability 
mileage(7) (km) 
 
L1Ae Powered cycle 5  000 5  500 6  000 
L1Be 
L2e 
L6Ae - Two-wheel moped 
- Three-wheel moped 
-Light on-road quad 10 000 11  000 12  000 
L3e 
L4e(14) 
 
 
L5e 
L6Be 
L7Be -Two-wheel 
motorcycle, with and 
without side-car  
(vmax < 130 km/h)  
-Tricycle 
-Light mini-car 
-Heavy mini-car 18 000 20  000 30  000 
L3e 
L4e(14) 
 
 
L7Ae 
 Two-wheel 
motorcycle, with and 
without side-car  
(vmax ≥ 130 km/h) 
 
Heavy on-road quad 
 30 000 35  000 50  000 
 
(B) Deterioration Factors (DF) 
Vehicle 
category  Vehicle 
category Euro 3(4) 
DF (-) Euro 4(5) 
DF (-) Euro 5(6) 
DF+(7) (- ) 
  CO HC NOx PM CO HC NOx PM CO THC NMHC NOx PM(24)
(
           P I  C I(25) PI CI  PI CI CI 
L1e — L7e All 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1  1.1 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 
NB refer to the last page of Annex VIII for an overview of the notes to the annexes   
EN 96   EN ANNEX VIII  
Enhanced functional safety requirements  
Topic A pplication date Re quirements 
Mandatory fitting of 
advanced brake 
systems(26) Four years after the date referred to in 
the second subparagraph of Article 82. (a) new motorcycles(27) of the L3e–A1 
subcategory which are sold, registered and 
entering into service are to be equipped with either an anti-lock
(28) or a combined brake 
system(29) or both types of advanced brake 
systems, at the choice of the vehicle manufacturer; 
(b) new motorcycles of subcategories L3e–A2 
and L3e–A3 which are sold, registered and entering into service to be equipped with an 
anti-lock brake system. 
Safe cornering on 
hard-surfaced roads The date referred to in the second 
subparagraph of Article 82. L-category vehicles are to be constructed such that 
each of the wheels can rotate at different speeds at all times in order to allow safe cornering on hard-
surfaced roads. If a three- or four-wheel vehicle is 
equipped with a lockable differential, it must be designed to be normally unlocked. 
Improvement of vehicle and rider 
visibility by automatic 
switching of lighting
(30) The date referred to in the second 
subparagraph of Article 82. In order to improve their visibility, L-category 
vehicles are to be equipped with the following: 
(a) for L1e vehicles: lighting and light-signalling 
devices in compliance with UNECE regulation 74 Rev. 2, which requires the 
lighting system to be turned on automatically;  
(b) for L3e vehicles: at the choice of the vehicle 
manufacturer, either lighting and light-
signalling devices in compliance with UNECE regulation 53 Rev. 2 and its amendments 1 
and 2, or dedicated day-time running lights 
(DRL) complying with UNECE regulation 87 Rev.2 and its amendments 1 and 2;  
(c) for all other subcategories of L-category 
vehicles: a lighting system automatically turning on or at the choice of the 
manufacturer, dedicated day-time running 
lights that automatically switch on
(31) 
 
   
NB refer to the last page of Annex VIII for an overview of the notes to the annexes  
  
EN 97   EN Explanatory notes to Annexes I to VIII  
(1) The power limits in Annex I are based on maximum continuous rated power independent of the vehicle’s 
propulsion configuration. 
(2) sub-classification of an L3e vehicl e according to whether it has a design ve hicle speed of less than or equal to 
130 km/h or more than 130 km/h is independent of its sub-classification into the propulsion performance 
classes A1 (although not likely to achieve 130 km/h), A2 or A3. 
(3) Advanced brake systems are only mandatory on  L3e vehicles, as stipulated in Annex VIII. 
(4) Category L3e: Euro 4. 
(5) Category L3e: Euro 5. (6) Category L3e: Euro 6. 
(7) Refer to Article 21, paragraphs (4) and (5). 
(8) If the (hybrid) engine(s) is/are equipped with a stop / start feature, the manufacturer must ensure that the 
combustion engine is running in idle and at increased idle speed. The vehicle must be able to run the free 
acceleration test for propulsi ons including a CI engine. 
(9) OJ L 282, 1.11.1996, p. 64. (10) OJ L 141, 6.6.2009, p. 12. 
(11) OJ L 116/1, 8.5.2010, p. 1. 
(12) OJ C […], […], p. […], including cold weighing. (13) OJ C […], […], p. […]. 
(14) Only the base two-wheel motorcycle to which the side -car is fitted must meet the appropriate emission limits. 
(15) CI only, also if e.g. a hybr id concept includes a CI engine. 
(16) Applicable to gasoline direct injection (DI) engines only. 
(17) The environmental effect study in Article 21 (4) will also assess the feasibility for L-category vehicles other 
than L3e, L5Ae and L7Ae to be emission-tested in a revised WMTC. 
(18) PI engines running on gasoline, gasoline blends or ethanol. 
(19) The cost-effectiveness of evaporative emission control will be assessed in the environmental effect study to 
be carried out for the Commission, as referred to in Artic le 21(5). A possible cost -effective evaporative fuel 
tank and fuel supply permeation testing will be assessed in  this study as an alternative to the SHED test for 
the sub category vehicles which were not subject yet to  evaporative emission tes ting, refer to Article 21, 
paragraphs (4) and (5). 
(20) v
max ≥ 130 km/h. 
(21) Until the EU accedes to UNECE re gulations 9, 41 and 63 and adopts these regulations in UNECE WP29 and 
in the EU, including the associated equivalent  sound limits for the Euro3 and Euro4 steps, vehicles shall 
comply with the limits as listed in Annex VI(D) . When  the UNECE regulations 9, 41 and 63 are adopted by 
the EU, these become mandatory including equivalent sound limits to the limits listed in Annex VI(D) and 
replace the testing procedures in the delegated act. 
(22) The TBD Euro 5 sound limits are to be modified in a separate codecision act.  
EN 98   EN (23) A delegated act to this Regula tion contains the sound test proced ures and will be replaced by UNECE 
regulations 9, 41 and 63.  
(24) Only for PI DI and CI engines. 
(25) Also applicable for hybrid vehicles. 
(26) ‘Advanced brake syst em’ means an anti-lock brake system, a combined brake system or both. The 
performance of advanced brake system s shall be tested according to the re quirements as set out in a delegated 
act. 
(27) Category L4e vehicles (motorcycles with side-car) are excluded from requirements (a) and (b) on the 
mandatory fitting of advanced brake systems. 
(28) ‘anti-lock brake system’ means a system that senses wheel slip and automatically modulates the pressure 
producing the braking forces at the wheel (s) to limit the degree of wheel slip. 
(29) ‘Combined brake system’ means: 
(a) for vehicle categories L1e and L3 e: a brake system where at least two brakes on different wheels are 
operated by actuation of a single control; 
(b) for vehicle category L4e: a brake system where the brakes on at l east the front and rear wheels are 
operated by actuation of a single control (if the r ear wheel and sidecar wheel are braked by the same 
brake system, this is rega rded as the rear brake); 
(c) for vehicle categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e: a br ake system where the brakes  on all wheels are operated 
by actuation of a single control. 
(30) ‘Automatically switching on’ means a lighting system turned on when the ignition switch or the engine on-
off switch is in the on-position. 
(31) To allow a combustion engine to start running, the lighting system may be turned off during the engine 
cranking period for a consecutive period of less than or equal to 10 s.  
EN 99   EN Annex IX  
Correlation table(32) 
Directive 2002/24/EC This Regulation 
Article 1 (1), sub- paragraph one Articles 2(1) 
Article 1 (1), sub- paragraph two Article 2 (2) 
Article 1 (2)(a)(i) Article 4 (2)(a)(B) 
Article 1 (2)(a)(ii) Article 4 (2)(b) 
Article 1 (2)(b) Article 4 (2)(c), Article 4 (2)(d) 
Article 1 (2)2(c) Article 4(e) 
Article 1(3)(a) Article 4(f) 
Article 1 (3)(a) Article 4 (g) 
Article 2 Article 3 
Article 3 Article 23 
Article 4 (1) Article 27 (2) 
Article 4(2) Article 27(1) 
Article 4 (3) Article 5(4) 
Article 4 (4) -
Article 4 (5) Article 31 (1) 
Article 4(6) Article 27(3) 
Article 5 (1) Article 27 (10) 
Article 5 (2) Article 28 (2) 
Article 5 (3) Article 28(1)(b) 
Article 6 (1) Article 27 (5) 
Article 6 (2), sub- paragraph one Article 27 (7) 
Article 6 (2), sub- paragraph two Article 27 (8) 
Article 7 (1), sub- paragraph one Article 36 (1) 
Article 7 (1), sub- paragraph two Article 36 (4) 
Article 7 (2) Article 36 (2) 
Article 7 (3) Article 36 (5) 
Article 7 (4) Article 37 (2) 
Article 7 (5) Article 59 (2), sub paragraph one 
Article 7 (6) Article 59 (2), sub paragraph two 
Article 8 (1) Article 37 (1) 
Article 8 (2), sub- paragraph one Article 37 (2) 
Article 8 (2), sub- paragraph two Article 37 (3) 
Note (32): Referred to in Article 81. 
EN 100   EN  
Directive 2002/24/EC This Re gulation 
Article 9 (1) Article 46 
Article 9 (2) Article 32 (1) 
Article 9 (3) Article 32 (2) 
Article 9 (4) Article 33 
Article 9 (5) Article 34 (3) 
Article 10 (1) Article 31 (4) 
Article 10 (2) Article 51 (3) 
Article 10 (3) Article 35 (4) 
Article 10 (4) Article 51 (7) 
Article 11 -
Article 12 Article 50 (1) 
Article 13 -
Article 14 (1)(a) Article 5 (1) 
Article 14 (1)(b)(i) Article 66 (9) 
Article 14 (1)(b)(ii) Article 64 (8) 
Article 14 (2), sub- paragraph one -
Article 14 (2), sub- paragraph two Article 66 (10) 
Article 15 (1) Article 45 
Article 15 (2) Article 47 
Article 15 (3) sub- paragraph one (a)(i) Article 40 
Article 15 (3) sub- paragraph one (a)(ii) Article 2 (2)(e) 
Article 15 (3) sub- paragraph two -
Article 15 (3)(b) sub- paragraph one -
Article 15 (3)(b) sub- paragraph two -
Article 15 (3)(b) sub- paragraph three -
Article 15 (3)(b) sub- paragraph fou r -
Article 15 (4) -
Article 16 (1) sub- paragraph one -
Article 16 (1) sub- paragraph two -
Article 16 (2) sub- paragraph one -
Article 16 (2) sub- paragraph two -
Article 16 (3) Article 38 
Article 17 Article 39 
Article 18 (1) Article 74 (1) 
Article 18 (2) Article 74 (2) 
Article 18 (3) -
Article 19 Article 81 
Article 20 Article 82 (2)  
EN 101   EN Directive 2002/24/EC This Regulation 
Article 21 Article 79 (1) 
Article 22 -
Article 23 Article 82 (1) 
Article 24 -