PleIAs/WTO-Text huggingface dataset:
WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/DS398/4 
8 September 2009 
 
 (09-4237) 
 Original:   English 
  
 
CHINA – MEASURES RELATED TO THE EXPORTATION 
OF VARIOUS RAW MATERIALS 
 
Request to Join Consultations
 
 
Communication from Colombia 
 
 
 The following communication, dated 4 Septembe r 2009, from the delegation of Colombia to 
the delegation of China, the delegation of Mexico  and to the Chairman of the Dispute Settlement 
Body, is circulated in accordance with Article 4.11 of the DSU. 
 
_______________ 
 
  Pursuant to Article 4.11 of the Understa nding on Rules and Procedures Governing the 
Settlement of Disputes (DSU), my authorities have in structed me to notify the Government of China, 
the Government of México, and the Dispute Settle ment Body that the Government of Colombia 
wishes to join the consultations requested by Mexico in a communication circulated to WTO 
Members on 26 August 2009 (WT/DS398/1, G/L/892) entitled China – Measures Related to the 
Exportation of Various Raw Materials . 
 
 Given the importance of China as exporter of th e raw materials indicated in the request for 
consultations and the interest that such exports  be unhindered, Colombia has a substantial trade 
interest as well as a systemic in terest in the way in which Chin a's legal regime for said exports 
operates.  
 Colombia looks forward to being informed of the date and venue of the consultations. 
 
__________
WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  G/TBT/N/EEC/89/Add.3 
20 December 2007 
 (07-5678) 
Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade Original:   English 
  
 
NOTIFICATION 
 
Addendum
 
  The following communication, dated 18 December 2007, is being circulated at the request of 
the Delegation of the European Communities
. 
 
_______________ 
 
 The European Communities would like to inform the members of the Committee that 
Commission Decision 2006/502/EC of 11 May 2006, re quiring Member States to take measures to 
ensure that only lighters which are child-resistant are placed on the market and to prohibit the placing 
on the market of novelty lighters, needs to be prolonged for the second time.    Commission Decision 2006/502/EC had been notified at a draft stage under G/TBT/N/EEC/89 and G/TBT/N/EEC/89/Add.1.  The adopted text was published in the Official 
Journal of the EU L 198 of 20 July 2006,  p. 41, and is also available at:  
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:198:SOM:EN:HTML    Commission Decision 2006/502/EC requires Member  States to take measures to ensure that 
only lighters which are child-resistant are placed on the market and to prohibit the placing on the 
market of novelty lighters.  The Decision was est ablished within Article 13 of Directive 2001/95/EC 
on General Product Safety (GPSD) and is valid for a period of 12 months.  It may be confirmed for 
additional periods not exceeding one year.     Commission Decision 2006/502/EC was prolonged for the first time by Commission Decision 2007/231/EC which was notified at a draft stage under G/TBT/N/EEC/89/Add.2. The adopted text 
was published in the Official Journal of the EU L99 of 14 April 2007, and is also available at: 
 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriS erv.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:099:0016:01:EN:HTML.  
This Decision is valid until 11 May 2008.   The validity of the Decision needs to be pr olonged, since a permanent solution requiring 
cigarette lighters to be child-resistant is not yet established. Such a solution could be a harmonised 
European standard according to Article 4 of the GPSD.    The draft Decision for amending Decision 2006/502/EC therefore   
 - prolongs the validity of Decision 2006/502/EC for 12 months; 
 
The text of the draft Decision is available from th e EC TBT Enquiry Point (ec-tbt@ec.europa.eu) or 
on its website www.ec.europa.eu/enterprise/tbt (usi ng the search function for notification EEC/89).  
 
 
__________
RESTRICTED  ORGANISATION MONDIALE  
DU COMMERCE  WT/BFA/W/135 
29 septembre 2005 
 
 (05-4313) 
Comité du budget, des finances et de l'administration  
  
 
CONDITIONS D'EMPLOI DU DIRECTEUR GÉNÉRAL 
 
 1. En août 2005, le Président du Conseil général a souscrit aux conditions d'emploi du nouveau 
Directeur général.  La rémunération et les avanta ges sont identiques à ceux de l'ancien Directeur 
général. 
2. À la suite de consultations menées récemment, il est ressorti que les Membres sont d'avis qu'il 
ne serait pas déraisonnable d'instituer un mécanism e d'ajustement de la rémunération de base du 
Directeur général.  Une méthode pourrait consister à tenir compte de l'évolution de l'indice des prix à 
la consommation (IPC) à Genève;  cet ajustement serait opéré le 1
er septembre de chaque année, le 
premier intervenant en 2006, soit un an après l'entrée en fonction de l'actuel Directeur général, compte 
tenu de l'évolution de l'IPC à Genève au cours des 12 mois précédents.  Ce mécanisme serait 
d'application jusqu'à ce qu'un nouveau Directeur général soit désigné.   
3. Le Comité prend note de la rémunération et des avantages actuels du Directeur général 
et recommande au Conseil général que la rémunérati on de base soit ajustée chaque année, le 
1er septembre, compte tenu de l'évolution des prix  à la consommation à Genève au cours des 
12 mois précédents.  Le Comité recommande en  outre que cet ajustement annuel soit opéré 
jusqu'à ce qu'un nouveau Directeur général soit désigné .  
__________
. /.   WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  G/TBT/N/CHN/704 
19 November 2009  
 (09-5727) 
Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade Original:   English 
  
 
NOTIFICATION 
 
The following notification is being circ ulated in accordance with Article 10.6 
 
1. Member to Agreement notifying:  CHINA
  
If applicable, name of local government involved (Article 3.2 and 7.2):     
2. Agency responsible:  Standardization Administration of China (SAC) 
Name and address (including telephone and fax numbers, email and website 
addresses, if available) of agency or authority designated to handle comments 
regarding the notification shall be  indicated if different from above :    
3. Notified under Article 2.9.2 [ X ], 2.10.1 [   ], 5.6.2 [   ], 5.7.1 [   ], other:   
4. Products covered (HS or CCCN where applicab le, otherwise national tariff heading. 
ICS numbers may be provided in addition, where applicable):  Seeds of green manure 
crops (ICS: 65.020.20; HS: 1209) 
5. Title, number of pages and langu age(s) of the notified document:  National Standard of 
the P.R.C., Seed of Green Manure Crops (6 pages, in Chinese)     
6. Description of content:  This standard specifies the quality requirements, test methods and 
inspection rules for  Chinese milk vetch (Astra galus sinicus L.), hair vetch (Vicia villosa 
Roth), smooth vetch (Vicia villosa Roth var.gl abresens Koch), cow vetch (Vicia cracca L.) 
and meliotus albus (Melilotus albus Desr.), me lilotus officinalis (Melilotus officinalis(L.) 
Pallas) seed. This standard applies to the production and sale of the above-mentioned green 
manure crop seeds, which covering coating seeds and non-coating seeds. 
7. Objective and rationale, including the natu re of urgent problems where applicable:  
Preventing counterfeit seed trade, protecting the interests of farmers and ensuring food 
security  
8. Relevant documents:   Seed law of the P.R.C, GB/T  3543 Rules for agricultural seed 
testing, GB 20464 General directive fo r labelling of agricultural seeds    
9. Proposed date of adoption:   
 
Proposed date of entry into force:    90 days after circulation by the WTO 
Secretariat 
6 months after adoption 
10. Final date for comments:  60 days after circulation by the WTO Secretariat G/TBT/N/CHN/704 
Page 2  
 
  11. Text available from: National enquiry point [ X], or address, telephone and fax 
numbers, e-mail and web-site addresses, if available of the other body:    
WTO/TBT National Notification and Enquiry Center of the People’s Republic of China 
Tel: +86 10 82260618 Fax:  +86 10 82262448 
Email: tbt@aqsiq.gov.cn 
And can be downloaded here: http://members.wto.org/crnatt achments/2009/tbt/chn/09_4024_00_x.pdf
. /.  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION   
G/TBT/N/OMN/132 
10 January 2012  
 (12-0130) 
Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade Original:   English 
  
 
NOTIFICATION 
 
The following notification is being circ ulated in accordance with Article 10.6 
 
1. Notifying Member:  OMAN  
If applicable, name of local governme nt involved (Article 3.2 and 7.2):     
2. Agency responsible:    
Name and address (including telephone and fax numbers, email and website addresses, if available) of agency or authority designated to handle comments 
regarding the notification shall be indicated if different from above :   
Ministry of Commerce & Industry 
Directorate General for Specifications & Measurements P.O. Box:  550, Postal Code: 113 Tel.:  +(968) 2481 3832 Fax:  +(968) 2471 5992 
Email:  nepic@business.gov.om  
Website:  http://www.mocioman.gov.om  
3. Notified under Article 2.9.2 [X], 2.10.1 [   ], 5.6.2 [   ], 5.7.1 [   ], other:   
4. Products covered (HS or CCCN where applicable, otherwise national tariff heading. 
ICS numbers may be provided in addition, where applicable):  Standard for Fat Spreads 
and Blended Spreads. 
5. Title, number of pages and language(s) of the notified document:  Standard For Fat 
Spreads And Blended Spreads (9 pages, availabl e in Arabic, 9 pages, in English).     
6. Description of content:  This Omani/Gulf draft technical regulation concerns with standard 
applies to fat products, containing not less th an 10% and not more than 90% fat, intended 
primarily for use as spreads. However, this Standard does not apply to fat spreads derived 
exclusively from milk and/or milk  products to which only other substances necessary for their 
manufacture have been added. It only includ es margarine and products used for similar 
purposes and excludes products with  a fat content of less than 2/ 3 of the dry matter (excluding 
salt). Butter and dairy spreads are not covered by this Standard. Items related to essential 
composition and quality factors, hygiene and labe lling (items 4, 7 & 8) are compulsory.  The 
remaining items are voluntary.  
7. Objective and rationale, including the na ture of urgent problems where applicable:  
Consumer Health  
8. Relevant documents:   Codex Stan 256-2007 Amendment in 2009   G/TBT/N/OMN/132 
Page 2  
 
  9. Proposed date of adoption:   
Proposed date of entry into force:    Not yet determined 
10. Final date for comments:  60 days from the date  of circulation. 
11. Text available from:  National enquiry point [X], or address, telephone and fax 
numbers, e-mail and web-site addres ses, if available of the other body:    
National Enquiry Point and Information Centre (NEPIC) 
P.O. Box:  550 Postal code:  113 Muscat Sultanate of Oman Tel.:  +(968) 2481 7252 
Fax:  +(968) 2481 7040 
Email:  nepic@business.gov.om
. /.   ORGANISATION MONDIALE  
DU COMMERCE  G/TBT/N/SAU/15 
4 septembre 2008 
 (08-4159) 
Comité des obstacles techniques au commerce Original:   anglais 
  
 
 
NOTIFICATION 
 
La notification suivante est communiquée conformément à l'article 10.6. 
 
1. Membre de l'Accord adressant la notification:   ARABIE SAOUDITE
 
Le cas échéant, pouvoirs publics locaux  concernés (articles 3.2 et 7.2):         
2. Organisme responsable:   Saudi Arabian Standards Organisation  – SASO (Organisation 
saoudienne de normalisation) 
Les nom et adresse (y compris les numéros de téléphone et de téléfax et les adresses de 
courrier électronique et de site Web, le cas échéant) de l'organisme ou de l'autorité 
désigné pour s'occuper des observations concernant la notification doivent être 
indiqués si cet organisme ou cette autorité est différent de l'organisme susmentionné:    
Ministry of Commerce and Industry  (Ministère du commerce et de l'industrie) 
Riyadh 11162 (Arabie Saoudite) 
Téléphone: +966 1 402 7574 
Fax:  +966 1 409 3043 Courrier électronique:  www.commerce.gov.sa
 
3. Notification  au titre de l’article 2.9.2 [ ], 2.10.1 [ ], 5.6.2 [ X], 5.7.1 [ ], autres:         
4. Produits visés (le cas échéant, position du SH ou de la NCCD, sinon position du tarif 
douanier national.  Les numéros de l'ICS peuv ent aussi être indiqués, le cas échéant):  
La norme saoudienne notifiée s'applique a ux variétés commerciales de goyaves issues du 
Psidium guajava L., de la famille des Myrtaceae , destinées à être livrées à l'état frais au 
consommateur, après conditionnement et emballa ge, à l'exclusion des goyaves destinées à la 
transformation industrielle. 
5. Intitulé, nombre de pages et langue(s) du texte notifié:    
Guava (Goyaves) – 7 pages en arabe et 4 pages en anglais 
6. Teneur:   Préambule, portée et champ d'application, références complémentaires, 
définitions, classification, exigences,  qualité, échantillonnage, méthodes d'essai, 
conditionnement, transport,  stockage, étiquetage 
7. Objectif et justification, y compris la na ture des problèmes urgents, le cas échéant:   La 
norme notifiée est recommandée en raison de la présence du produit sur le marché saoudien.
8. Documents pertinents:   (CODEX STAN 215-1999) 
9. Date projetée pour l'adoption:   
Date projetée pour l'entrée en vigueur:   } À déterminer G/TBT/N/SAU/15 
Page 2  
 
  10. Date limite pour la présentation des observations:   60 jours à compter de la date de 
distribution 
11. Entité auprès de laquelle le texte peut être obtenu:  point national d'information [ X] 
ou adresse, numéros de téléphone et de téléfax, et adresses de courrier électronique et 
de site Web, le cas échéant, d'un autre organisme:  info@saso.org.sa
RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/ACC/SAM/8/Add.3 
24 October 2008 
 
 (08-5167) 
Working Party on the 
Accession of Samoa Original:   English 
 
 
 
ACCESSION OF SAMOA  
Additional Questions and Replies  
 
Addendum  
 
Legislation 
 
 
 The following submission from the Government  of Samoa is available for consultation1 from 
the Secretariat (Accessions Division, Room 1126) an d in electronic format from accessions@wto.org. 
  
1. Draft Industrial Property Act for Samoa and Commentary on its Main Provisions. 
 
 
__________ 
 
 
                                                     
 
1 In English only.
. /.   ORGANISATION MONDIALE  
DU COMMERCE  S/C/N/432 
16 janvier 2008 
 
 (08-0185) 
Conseil du commerce des services Original:   anglais 
  
 
NOTIFICATION AU TITRE DE L'ARTICLE III:3 DE L'ACCORD 
GÉNÉRAL SUR LE COMMERCE DES SERVICES 
 
  La notification ci-après, datée du 8 janvier  2008 et adressée par la délégation de la 
République d'Albanie, est distribuée aux membres du Conseil du commerce des services. 
 
_______________ 
 
 1. Membre adressant la notification: 
 République d'Albanie 
 
2. Notification au titre de l'article: 
 Article III, paragraphe 3, de l'Acco rd général sur le commerce des services 
 3. Date d'entrée en vigueur: 
 22 février 2003 
  Décision n° 6 du Conseil de surveillance de la Banque d'Albanie, datée du 29 janvier 2003, 
portant approbation du Règlement "sur les commissaires aux comptes agréés des banques", tel 
qu'il a été modifié. 
 
 Durée: 
 
 Indéfinie 
 4. Organisme responsable de l'application de la mesure: 
 Banque d'Albanie 
 
5. Description de la mesure: 
 Ce règlement définit les critères et procédures d'approbation des commissaires aux comptes 
agréés, désignés par les banques. 
 
 Règlement prudentiel. 
 
6. Membres spécifiquement affectés, le cas échéant: 
 Aucun 
 S/C/N/432 
Page 2  
 
  7. Le texte peut être obtenu auprès de: 
 Secrétariat de l'OMC 
 Division du commerce des services  Genève  
__________
. /.  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  G/SPS/N/TPKM/69 
10 January 2006 
 (06-0069) 
Committee on Sanitary a nd Phytosanitary Measures Original:   English 
  
 
 
NOTIFICATION 
 
1. Member to Agreement notifying:  THE SEPARATE CUSTOMS TERRITORY OF 
TAIWAN, PENGHU, KINMEN AND MATSU  
If applicable, name of local government involved:   
2. Agency responsible:  Department of Health 
3. Products covered (provide tariff item number(s) as specified in national schedules 
deposited with the WTO; ICS numbers should be provided in addition, where 
applicable):  Mushrooms 
4. Regions or countries likely to be affected, to the extent relevant or practicable:  All 
trading partners 
5. Title, language and number of pages of the notified document:  Draft of  Standard for the 
Tolerance of Heavy Metals  in Mushrooms (Available in English, 1 page)  
6. Description of content:  To establish the maximum tolerances of lead and cadmium in 
mushrooms.  
7. Objective and rationale: [ X ] food safety,  [   ] animal health,  [   ] plant protection, 
[   ] protect humans from animal/plant pest or disease, [   ] protect territory from other damage from pests   
8. International standard, guideline or recommendation: 
[   ] Codex Alimentarius Commission,  [   ] World Organization for Animal Health 
(OIE), [   ] International Plant Protection Convention,  [ X ] None 
If an international standard, guideline or recommendation exists, give the appropriate 
reference and briefly identify deviations:   
9. Relevant documents and language(s) in which these are available:  Draft of Standard for 
the Tolerance of Heavy Metals in Mushrooms (13 December 2005, Food No. 0940410147) available in English from the National Notifi cation Authority, National Enquiry Point, and 
Department of Health. The standards will be published in the Official Government Gazette 
when adopted. The full text may be downloaded from the following website: 
http://food.doh.gov.tw/chinese/ruler/draft.htm.  
10. Proposed date of adoption:  To be determined. 
11. Proposed date of entry into force:  To be determined. G/SPS/N/TPKM/69 
Page 2  
 
 12. Final date for comments:  5 February 2006 
Agency or authority designated to handle comments:  [ X ] National notification 
authority, [ X ] National enquiry point, or address, fax number and E-mail address (if 
available) of other body:   
 Bureau of Food Safety 
 Department of Health 
 12F, 100 Ai-Kuo E. Rd., Taip ei, Taiwan, Postal Code 100 
 Tel:  886-2-23210151 ext 353  Fax:  886-2-23929723  E-mail:  fswang@doh.gov.tw
 
13. Texts available from:  [ X ] National notification authority, [ X ] National enquiry 
point, or address, fax number and E-mail address (if available) of other body:   
 Bureau of Food Safety 
 Department of Health  12F, 100 Ai-Kuo E. Rd., Taip ei, Taiwan, Postal Code 100 
 Tel:  886-2-23210151 ext 353  Fax:  886-2-23929723 
 E-mail:  fswang@doh.gov.tw
. /.   ORGANISATION MONDIALE  
DU COMMERCE  G/SPS/N/CHL/219 
18 avril 2006 
 (06-1783) 
Comité des mesures sanita ires et phytosanitaires  Original:   espagnol 
  
 
 
NOTIFICATION 
 
1. Membre de l'Accord adressant la notification:   CHILI
 
Le cas échéant, pouvoirs publics locaux concernés:  
2. Organisme responsable:  Service de l'agriculture et de l'élevage (SAG) 
3. Produits visés (Prière d'indiquer le(s) numéro(s) du tarif figurant dans les listes 
nationales déposées à l'OMC.  Les numéros de l'ICS devraient aussi être indiqués, le cas échéant):  Cannes de bambou destinées à l'industrie du meuble 
4. Régions ou pays susceptibles d'être concernés, si cela est pertinent ou faisable:  Tous 
les pays exportant le produit visé vers le Chili 
5. Intitulé, langue et nombre de pages du texte notifié:  Modifica la Resolución 627 de 1982 
en relación a autorizar la internaci ón de cañas de bambú para mueblería (Modification de la 
Décision n° 627 de 1982 pour ce qui  concerne l'autorisation de  l'admission de cannes de 
bambou destinées à l'industrie du meub le) - Disponible en espagnol, 1 page 
6. Teneur:   Modification de la décision qui autorise l'entrée au Chili de cannes de bambou 
destinées à être utilisées par l'industrie du meuble 
7. Objectif et raison d'être:  [ ] innocuité des produits alimentaires, [ ] santé des animaux, 
[X] préservation des végétaux, [ ] protectio n des personnes contre les maladies ou les 
parasites des animaux/des plantes, [X] protection du territoire contre d'autres dommages attribuables à des parasites  
8. Norme, directive ou recommandation internationale:  
[ ] Commission du Codex Alimentarius, [ ] Or ganisation mondiale de la santé animale 
(OIE), [X] Convention internationale po ur la protection des végétaux, [ ] Néant 
S'il existe une norme, directive ou recommandation internationale, en donner la 
référence correcte et indiquer brièvement en quoi le texte notifié est différent:   Service 
de l'agriculture et de l'élevage (SAG) 
9. Documents pertinents et langue(s) dans la quelle (lesquelles) ils sont disponibles:   Projet 
de décision  (Proyecto de Resolución ) du SAG (disponible en espagnol) 
10. Date projetée pour l'adoption:   À la publication au Diario Oficial  (Journal officiel) 
11. Date projetée pour l'entrée en vigueur:   20 juin 2006 G/SPS/N/CHL/219 
Page 2  
 
  12. Date limite pour la présentation des observations:   5 juin 2006 
Organisme ou autorité désigné pour traiter les observations:  [ ] autorité nationale 
responsable des notifications, [X] point d'in formation national ou adresse, numéro de 
téléfax et adresse électronique (s'il y a lieu) d'un autre organisme:  
13. Entité auprès de laquelle le texte peut être obtenu:  [ ] autorité nationale responsable 
des notifications, [X] point d'information na tional ou adresse, numéro de téléfax et 
adresse électronique  (s'il y a lieu) d'un autre organisme:
. /.   WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/DS294/38 
11 June 2010 
 (10-3225) 
 Original:   English 
  
 
UNITED STATES – LAWS, REGULATIONS AND METHODOLOGY 
FOR CALCULATING DUMPING MARGINS ("ZEROING") 
 
Status Report by the United States
 
 
 
 The following communication, dated 10 June 2010, from the delegation of the United States to the Chairman of the Dispute Settlement Body, is  circulated pursuant to Article 21.6 of the DSU. 
 
_______________ 
 
 
Status Report Regarding Implementation of the
 
DSB Recommendations and Rulings in the Dispute  
United States – Laws, Regulations and Methodology for  
Calculating Dumping Margins ("Zeroing")  
(WT/DS294)  
   The United States submits this report in accordance with Article 21.6 of the Understanding on 
Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes  ("DSU"). 
 
 On 9 May 2006, the Dispute Settlement Body ("DSB") adopted its recommendations and rulings in United States – Laws, Regulations and Methodology for Calculating Dumping Margins 
("Zeroing") (DS294).  At the following DSB meeting on 30 May 2006, the United States informed the 
DSB of its intention to implement the recommendati ons and rulings of the DSB in connection with 
this matter.  The United States and the European  Communities ("EC") agreed that the reasonable 
period of time for the United States to implemen t the recommendations and rulings of the DSB would 
end on 9 April 2007.   The United States has taken a number of step s to comply with the recommendations and 
rulings of the DSB in this dispute.  With respect  to the "as such" claims, as of 22 February 2007, the 
United States is no longer performing average-to-ave rage comparisons in anti-dumping investigations 
without offsets.     With respect to the 15 anti-dumping investigati ons at issue in this dispute, three of the 
anti-dumping orders in question had been revoked before the DSB adopted its recommendations and 
rulings.  With respect to the remaining 12, the US  Department of Commerce issued 11 determinations 
on 9 April 2007 and one determination on 31 August, 2007.  In those determinations, the Department 
used an average-to-average comparison in which offs ets were provided.  As a result, in two of these 
determinations, the Department found no dumping, and the Departme nt revoked the orders.  The 
margins for the others were adju sted accordingly, and in sever al cases, the Department found no 
dumping by individual companies.  The Departme nt revoked the orders with respect to those 
companies.  Additionally, four of the remain ing anti-dumping orders were revoked as a result of 
sunset reviews, with effect prior to the end of the reasonable period of time. WT/DS294/38 
Page 2  
 
   
 On 11 June 2009, the DSB adopted the Appella te Body report and the panel report, as 
modified by the Appellate Body report, regarding th e recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by the EC.  
The United States will continue to consult with in terested parties in order to address the findings 
contained in these reports. 
 
__________
. /.  ORGANISATION MONDIALE  
DU COMMERCE  G/SPS/N/BRA/654/Add.1 
26 octobre 2010 
 (10-5560) 
Comité des mesures sanita ires et phytosanitaires Original:   anglais 
  
 
NOTIFICATION 
 
Addendum
 
  
La communication ci-après, reçue le 11 octobre 2010, est distribuée à la demande de la 
délégation du Brésil
. 
 
_______________ 
  
Instructions pour le remplissage du formulaire d'en registrement des étiquettes de produits d'origine 
animale importés  
 Il est notifié que le MAPA a reporté au 1er janvier 2011 l'entrée en vigueur de la lettre 
circulaire no 14 émise le 19 avril 2010 et notifi ée au moyen du document G/SPS/N/BRA/654 le 
9 août 2010, afin de permettre l'évaluation et  la synthèse des communications reçues.  Des 
observations additionnelles seront en outre acceptées jusqu'au 1er novembre 2010. 
Le présent addendum concerne: 
[X] Une modification de la date limite pour la présentation des observations 
[ ] La notification de l'adoption, de la pub lication ou de l'entrée en vigueur d'une 
réglementation 
[ ] La modification du contenu et/ou du champ d'application d'un projet de 
réglementation déjà notifié 
[ ] Le retrait d'une réglementation projetée [X] Une modification de la date proposée pour l'adoption, la publication ou l'entrée en 
vigueur 
[ ] Autres: 
Délai prévu pour la présentation des observations:  (Si l'addendum élargit le champ 
d'application de la mesure déjà notifiée, qu 'il s'agisse des produits visés ou des Membres 
concernés, un nouveau délai, normalement de 60 jo urs civils au moins, pour la présentation des 
observations devrait être prévu.  Dans d'autres ci rconstances, comme le report de la date limite 
initialement annoncée pour la présentation d es observations, le délai prévu dans l'Addendum 
pour la présentation des observa tions peut être différent.)  
[ ] Soixante jours à compter de la date de  distribution de l'addendum à la notification 
et/ou (jj/mm/aa) :  1
er novembre 2010 G/SPS/N/BRA/654/Add.1 
Page 2  
 
  Organisme ou autorité désigné pour traite r les observations:  [ ] autorité nationale 
responsable des notifications, [X] point d'information national.  Adresse, numéro de fax et 
adresse électronique (s'il y a lieu) d'un autre organisme: 
Secretariat of Agribusiness International Relations – SRI 
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply – MAPA 
Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco "D", 3º andar 
70043-900 – Brasília – DF (BRÉSIL) 
Téléphone: +(5561) 3218 2308/3218 2834 
Fax:  +(5561) 3225 4738 Courrier électronique: cgomc@agricultura.gov.br 
Site Web:  http://www.agricultura.gov.br/
 
Entité auprès de laquelle le texte peut être obtenu:  [ ] autorité nationale responsable des 
notifications, [X] point d'information na tional.  Adresse, numéro de fax et adresse 
électronique (s'il y a lieu) d'un autre organisme: 
  
 
__________
. /.   WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  G/TBT/N/KOR/109 
16 May 2006 
 (06-2380) 
Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade Original:   English 
  
NOTIFICATION 
 
The following notification is being circ ulated in accordance with Article 10.6. 
 
1. Member to Agreement notifying:   REPUBLIC OF KOREA
 
If applicable, name of local government involved (Articles 3.2 and 7.2):         
2. Agency responsible:   Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS) 
Name and address (including telephone and fax numbers, e-mail and web-site 
addresses, if available) of  agency or authority designated to handle comments 
regarding the notification shall be  indicated if different from above:    
2 Jungang-dong 
Gwacheon-si 
Gyeonggi-do Rep. of Korea 
Tel:   (+82) 2 509 7399/7400 
Fax:   (+82) 2 503 7977 
E-mail:    standard@ats.go.kr 
Homepage:  http://www.ats.go.kr 
3. Notified under Article 2.9.2 [  X ], 2.10.1 [   ], 5.6.2 [   ], 5.7.1 [   ], other:         
4. Products covered (HS or CCCN where applicable, otherwise national tariff heading. 
ICS numbers may be provided in  addition, where applicable):   Plugs and Socket-outlets 
for household and similar purposes (HS:  8536). 
5. Title, number of pages and language(s) of the notified document:   Proposed 
amendments in safety criteria for el ectric appliances (71 pages, Korean) 
6. Description of content:   The following EMC mandatory safety criterion will be amended: 
- K60884-1 Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes The main amendments will relate to adding the following matters to clause 14.1. - The over-current trip device shall be at tached in the multiple socket-outlets. 
- In case the switch is attached to multiple so cket-outlets, the switch with more than two 
poles shall be used. 
7. Objective and rationale, including the na ture of urgent problems where applicable:  
Consumer protection 
8. Relevant documents:   KATS Public Notice No. 31 (2006-02-06) G/TBT/N/KOR/109 
Page 2  
 
  9. Proposed date of adoption:   
 Proposed date of entry into force:    1 July 2006, or after 
1 July 2007, or after 
10. Final date for comments:   10 July 2006 
11. Texts available from:  National enquiry point [  X ] or address, telephone and fax 
numbers, e-mail and web-site addresses, if available of the other body:        
Product Safety Policy Division 
Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS) 
Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE) 
#2, Jungang-dong,  Gwacheon-si,  Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea 427-716 
 
Tel: +82 2 509 7235/7237 Fax: +82 2 507 6657 E-mail:  psd@ats.go.kr  Full Texts are Now Available on the Internet at URLs: 
http://ats.go.kr/english/cm_ 02/cm_02_06.asp?OlapCode=ATSU2106
ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL  
DEL COMERCIO  G/SPS/N/USA/1334/Add.1 
12 de octubre de 2006 
 (06-4919) 
Comité de Medidas Sanitarias y Fitosanitarias  Original:   inglés 
  
 
 
NOTIFICACIÓN  
 
Addendum
 
 
 
 La siguiente comunicación, recibida el 9 de octubre de 2006, se distribuye a petición de la 
delegación de los Estados Unidos . 
 
_______________ 
 
 Aceite de soja etoxilado – Exención del cumplimiento de niveles de tolerancia
  
  El reglamento notificado establece una exención de l cumplimiento de niveles de tolerancia de 
residuos del aceite de soja etoxilado empleado como ingrediente inerte en la formulación química de 
un plaguicida. 
  La disposición notificada entra en vigor el 29 de septiembre de 2006.  Las objeciones y solicitudes de audiencia deben presentarse a más tardar el 28 de noviembre de 2006.  Sírvanse 
enviarlas a:   
Re-registration Division (7505P), Office of Pestic ide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001.   El texto completo del addendum (norma  definitiva) se puede obtener en las 
direcciones indicadas infra .   
Federal Register , 29 de septiembre de 2006 (Volumen 71, Nº 189), páginas 57436 a 57439 
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA- PEST/2006/September/Day-29/p8384.htm
 
Disponible en inglés. 
 
 Ms Doreen Chen-Moulec, United States SPS Enquiry Point Officer, USDA Foreign 
Agricultural Service, Food Safety & Technical Services Division, Stop 1 027, Washington D.C. 20250 
Teléfono:  202-720-9124;  telefax:  202-690-0677;  correo electrónico:  fstsd@fas.usda.gov  
  
__________
WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/DS257/24 
5 December 2005  
 (05-5791) 
 Original:   English 
  
UNITED STATES – FINAL COUNTERVAILING DUTY DETERMINATION WITH 
RESPECT TO CERTAIN SOFTWOOD LUMBER FROM CANADA 
 
Recourse by Canada to Article 21.5 of the DSU
 
 
Communication from the Appellate Body  
 
  The following communication, dated 5 Decemb er 2005, from the Chairman of the Appellate 
Body addressed to the Chairman of the Dispute Settlement Body, is  circulated in accordance with 
Article 17.5 of the  Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes . 
 
_______________ 
 
  It is my honour to transmit to you the Report of the Appellate Body in  United States – 
Final Countervailing Duty Determ ination with Respect to Certain Softwood Lumber from Canada , 
Recourse by Canada to Article 21.5 of the DSU , WT/DS257/AB/RW.  It will be circulated to 
Members of the World Trade Organization at 4 p. m. today, in accordance with paragraph 5 of 
Article 17 of the  Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes .  It is 
a confidential document until its circulation.  Th e three Members of the Appellate Body who served 
on this appeal were:  Ms. Merit E. Janow, as Pr esiding Member;  Mr. Luiz Olavo Baptista and 
Mr. Girogio Sacerdoti, as Members. 
 
__________
. /. RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/ACC/CPV/12/Rev.1 
10 June 2005 
 (05-2392) 
Working Party on the  
Accession of Cape Verde Original:   English 
 
 
 
ACCESSION OF CAPE VERDE 
 
General Legislative Action Plan  
 
Revision  
 
 
 The following submission, dated 1 June 2005, is being circulated at the request of the Delegation of the Republic of Cape Verde. 
 
 
_______________ 
 WT/ACC/CPV/12/Rev.1 
Page 2  
 
 Present Status and Agenda for Cape Ve rde's Law-making Process for WTO Accession
 
 
No. Subject Legislation Ministry in charge Completion Date 
1. Instrument of 
Ratification of WTO 
Agreement Protocol of Accession Council of Ministers will 
submit to the National 
Assembly when WTO 
approves membership Ratification by 
April 2006 
2. Customs Code The Draft of new Customs 
Code has been prepared Ministry of Finance 
Customs Department Approval by 
Council of 
Ministers, by the National Assembly 
and publication by 
July 2005 
3.  Arbitration and 
mediation Decree-Law No. 30/2005 on 
Creation of Mediation 
Centers and Decree Law 
No. 31/2005 regulating the Use of Mediation in the 
Resolution of Conflicts  are 
already published in O.B. No. 19/2205, I Series, of  
9 May 2005. 
 Proposed Arbitration Law 
and Law on Arbitration 
Centers are submitted to the Parliament already for 
approval, promulgation and 
publication in the Official 
Bulletin.  Ministry of Justice Legislation on 
Mediation already 
published. 
  
 
  
 
 Legislation on 
Arbitration in the 
National Assembly 
4. Commerce Legislation on licensing and 
registration with MEGC – Draft already prepared.  Ministry of Economy, 
Growth and Competitiveness (MEGC) July 2005 
 
 
__________
WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  G/SG/N/16/IND/7 
4 June 2009 
 (09-2688) 
Committee on Safeguards Original:   English 
  
NOTIFICATION OF APPLICATION OF TRANSITIONAL PRODUCT-SPECIFIC 
SAFEGUARD MEASURE PURSUANT TO SECTION 16.7 OF PART I  
OF THE PROTOCOL ON THE ACCESSION OF  
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 
 
INDIA 
 
(Passenger Car Tyres
) 
   The following communication, dated 3 June 2009, is being circulated at the request of the 
Delegation of India.   
 
_______________ 
 
 
1. The date of investigation 
  The investigation was initiated on 18 May 2009.  
 
2. Product subject to the investigation 
 
 Passenger Car Tyres classified under sub-headi ng No. 4011.10 of Schedule 1 of the Customs 
Tariff Act, 1975.   
3. Reasons for initiation of investigation 
 
 (i) The investigation was initiated followi ng an examination of safeguard petition from 
the petitioner domestic industry.  
  (ii) Import from China has shown increase in absolute terms as well as relative to total 
Indian sales since 2005-06.  The share of import in total sales has increased from 
2.52 per cent in 2005-06 to 7.29 per cent in 2008-09 (Oct – Dec 08).  
 
 (iii) The monthly production and capacity uti lization have declined during the period Oct-
Dec 2008.  
  (iv) Profitability of the domestic industry has declined during year 2008-09. 
 
 (v) It has been found that prima facie  increased import of subject product has caused and 
is threatening to cause market disr uption to the domestic producers. 
 
Further information  
 
 The notice of initiation was published in Gazette of India on 18 May 2009.  
__________
. /.  ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL  
DEL COMERCIO   
G/TBT/N/KWT/135 
19 de junio de 2012  
 (12-3238) 
Comité de Obstáculos Técnicos al Comercio  Original:   inglés 
  
 
NOTIFICACIÓN 
 
Se da traslado de la notificación siguiente  de conformidad con el artículo 10.6. 
 
1. Miembro que notifica:  KUWAIT  
Si procede, nombre del gobierno local de que se trate (artículos 3.2 y 7.2):     
2. Organismo responsable:   
Departamento de Normalización y Metrología de Kuwait (KUWSMD)  
Nombre y dirección (incluidos los números de  teléfono y de telefax, así como las 
direcciones de correo electrónico y sitios We b, en su caso) del organismo o autoridad 
encargado de la tramitación de observaciones sobre la notificación, en caso de que se 
trate de un organismo o autoridad diferente:    
Autoridad Pública para la Industria (PAI) 
Apartado postal 4690 - Safat 13047 - KUWAIT 
Teléfono:  +965 253 02 630 
Fax:  +965 253 02 625 Correo electrónico:   mailto:Enquiry_point@pai.gov.kw  
Sitio Web:  https://www.pai.gov.kw/por tal/page/portal/pai/Home  
3. Notificación hecha en virtud del artículo 2.9.2 [ X ], 2.10.1 [   ], 5.6.2 [   ], 5.7.1 [   ], 
o en virtud de:   
4. Productos abarcados (partida del SA o de la NCCA cuando correspo nda;  en otro caso 
partida del arancel nacional.  Podrá indicarse además, cuando proceda, el número de 
partida de la ICS):  Proyecto de Reglamento técnico para las harinas de los tipos Harees  
y Jareesh  
5. Título, número de páginas e idioma(s) del documento notificado:  Draft of Technical 
Regulation for Harees and Jareesh  (Proyecto de Reglamento técn ico para las harinas de los 
tipos Harees  y Jareesh ) – 7 páginas, disponible en árabe;  6 páginas, disponible en inglés 
6. Descripción del contenido:  Se notifica el Proyecto de Regl amento técnico para las harinas 
de los tipos Harees  y Jareesh . 
7. Objetivo y razón de ser, incluida, cuando proceda, la índole de los problemas urgentes:  
Protección e información del consumidor 
8. Documentos pertinentes:   - G/TBT/N/KWT/135 
Página 2  
 
  9. Fecha propuesta de adopción:   
Fecha propuesta de entrada en vigor:   Sin determinar 6 meses después de la publicación en el 
boletín oficial 
10. Fecha límite para la presentación de observaciones:  60 días después de la fecha 
de notificación   
11. Textos disponibles en:  Servicio nacional de información [ X ], o dirección, números de 
teléfono y de telefax, correo electrónico y dirección del sitio Web, en su caso, de otra institución:    
http://members.wto.org/crnatt achments/2012/tbt/KWT/12_2186_00_e.pdf  
http://members.wto.org/crna ttachments/2012/tbt/KWT/12_2186_00_x.pdf
WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  G/TBT/N/QAT/175/Corr.1 
27 April 2010  
 (10-2222) 
Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade Original:   English 
  
 
NOTIFICATION  
 
Corrigendum
 
  
 The following communication, received on 21 April 2010, is being circulated at the request of 
the Delegation of Qatar
. 
 
_______________ 
  
Under Item 4,  the correct text should be as follows:  
 
Products covered (HS or CCCN where applicable , otherwise national tariff heading. ICS 
numbers may be provided in addition, where applicable): 
 Cosmetic products – Substances which may not form part of the composition of cosmetic products as 
well as those subject to restrictions. Also the colo uring agents allowed for use in cosmetic products, 
preservatives which cosmetic products may contain,  and UV Filters which cosmetics may contain. 
  
__________
WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  G/TBT/N/SVN/61 
3 September 2007 
 (07-3707) 
Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade Original:   English 
  
NOTIFICATION 
 
The following notification is being circ ulated in accordance with Article 10.6. 
 
1. Member to Agreement notifying:   SLOVENIA
 
If applicable, name of local government involved (Articles 3.2 and 7.2):         
2. Agency responsible:   Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST) 
Name and address (including telephone and fax numbers, e-mail and web-site 
addresses, if available) of  agency or authority designated to handle comments 
regarding the notification shall be  indicated if different from above:    
3. Notified under Article 2.9.2 [  X ], 2.10.1 [   ], 5.6.2 [   ], 5.7.1 [   ], other:         
4. Products covered (HS or CCCN where applicable, otherwise national tariff heading. 
ICS numbers may be provided in  addition, where applicable):    
Protection of and in buildings - Seismic and vibration protection (ICS:  91.120); 
Construction industry - Technical aspects (ICS:  91.010). 
5. Title, number of pages and langu age(s) of the notified document:   Eurocode 8 - Design 
of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 4:  Silos, tanks and pipelines -National annex (3 
pages, in Slovenian). 
6. Description of content:   This document is the nationa l annex to SIST EN 1998-4:2006, 
according to items specified in the Foreword of EN 1998-4:2006.  The document establishes 
the requirements criteria for construction of s ilos, tanks and pipelines and interaction under 
seismic actions. 
7. Objective and rationale, including the na ture of urgent problems where applicable:  
Safety 
8. Relevant documents:   Standardisation Act (OJRS, no. 59/1999) 
9. Proposed date of adoption:   
Proposed date of entry into force:   }December 2007 
10. Final date for comments:   9 November 2007 
11. Texts available from:  National enquiry point [  X ] or address, telephone and fax 
numbers, e-mail and web-site addresses, if available of the other body:   
Slovenian Institute for Standardization - SIST 
WTO - TBT Enquiry Point Šmartinska 152 
SI-1000 Ljubljana - Slovenia 
E-mail: contact@sist.si
. /.   WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  IP/N/1/HKG/14 
12 February 2007 
 
 (07-0582) 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects 
of Intellectual Property Rights Original:   English 
 
 
 
NOTIFICATION OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS 
UNDER ARTICLE 63.2 OF THE AGREEMENT 
 
HONG KONG, CHINA 
 
  The following communication, dated 28 June 2006,  is being circulated at the request of the 
Delegation of Hong Kong, China. 
_______________ 
 
  In accordance with Article 63.2 of the TRI PS Agreement, Hong Kong, China wishes to notify 
the Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intell ectual Property Rights of recent amendments to 
Hong Kong, China’s laws and regul ations relating to the TRIPS Ag reement previously advised under 
document IP/N/1/HKG/2. 
 
 An explanatory note and a copy of the Trade Marks (Amendment) Rules 2006 (L.N. 62 of 2006 are enclosed.   
  
 
     
 
    
 
    
 
     
 
             IP/N/1/HKG/14 
Page 2  
 
  NOTIFICATION TO THE TRIPS COUNCIL BY HONG KONG, CHINA 
OF AMENDING LEGISLATION TO MAIN DEDICATED INTELLECTUAL 
PROPERTY LAWS AND REGULATIONS NOTIFIED 
AND LISTED IN ANNEX I OF IP/N/1/HKG/2 
  
BACKGROUND INFORMATION  
Name of legislation 
  Trade Marks (Amendment) Rules 2006 (L.N. 62 of 2006) 
 
Type of legislation 
 
 Amendment of the Trade Marks Rules (Cap. 559 sub. Leg.)
1 
 
Date of entry into force 
 
 26 May 2006  Purpose of legislation 
 
 To simplify the signing requirements of applica tions for registration of two kinds of trade 
mark transactions, i.e. assignments and assents , to facilitate the introduction of enhanced 
electronic services provided by the Trade Marks Registry. 
 
 To clarify certain provisions in the Trade Marks Rules, e.g. those relating to the procedures to 
be taken by the Registrar of Trade Marks (the “Registrar”) as regards deficiencies relating to description of goods or services or the class(es) in the International Classification required to be specified, and relating  only to part of the goods or services applied for in an application 
for registration of a trade mark; those relating to the publication by the Registrar of proposals 
to amend entries in the register consequent on changes in the system of classification of goods 
and services that have been agreed interna tionally; and those relating to the filing of 
documents with the Registrar. 
 Contact for enquiries 
 
 Ms. Pancy Fung  Assistant Director  Intellectual Property Department  Government of Hong Kong, China 
 Tel: (852) 2961 6802 
 Fax: (862) 2838 6276  E-mail: pancy.fung@ipd.gov.hk 
__________ 
  
 
                                                     
 
1 See document IP/N/1/HKG/T/5/Add.1.
RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  G/MA/TAR/RS/284 
4 April 2011 
 (11-1675) 
Committee on Market Access  
  
 
RECTIFICATION AND MODIFICATION OF SCHEDULES 
 
Schedule CXXXII – United Arab Emirates
 
 
Communication from the Secretariat1 
 
 
 In accordance with Paragraph 13 of the Procedures for the Introduction of Harmonized System 2002 Changes to Schedules of Concessions
2, including the amendments adopted in 
December 20103, the attached modifications to Schedule CXXXII – United Arab Emirates4 are being 
circulated pursuant to the Decision of 26 March 1980.5  The attachment has been prepared by the 
Secretariat and reflects the contents of the HS02 electronic file that was approved by Members during the multilateral review session that took place on 16 Apr il 2008.  This file is covered by the special 
procedures of paragraph 12 bis of the amended procedures and no reservation was submitted by 
13 January 2011.  
_______________ 
 
  If no objection is notified to the Secretariat within three months from the date of this 
document, the rectifications and modifications to  Schedule CXXXII – United Arab Emirates will be 
deemed to be approved and will be formally certified. 
 
                                                     
 
1 This document has been prepared under the Secret ariat's own responsibility and without prejudice to 
the positions of Members and to their rights and obligations under the WTO. 
2 Decision of 15 February 2005, WT/L/605. 
3 Decision of 14 December 2010, WT/L/807. 
4 In English only. 
5 Decision of 26 March 1980 on Procedures for Modification and Rectification of Schedules of Tariff 
Concessions, GATT BISD 27S/25. G/MA/TAR/RS/284 
Page 2  
 
  PP 3 – 75 Offset (Access file attached)
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION  
ORGANISATION MONDIALE DU COMMERCE  
ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DEL COMERCIORESTRICTED 
WT/ACC/LBR/2/Rev.1 
9 May 2012 
 (12-2473) 
  
 
WORKING PARTY ON THE ACCESSION OF LIBERIA  
 
Chairperson:  H.E. Mr. Joakim Reiter (Sweden) 
Revision 
Membership: 
 The Membership is open to all WTO Members indicating their wish to serve on the Working Party. 
Terms of Reference: 
 To examine the application of th e Government of the Republic of Li beria to accede to the World Trade 
Organization under Article XII and to submit to the Ge neral Council recommendations which may include a draft 
Protocol of Accession. 
   
 
GROUPE DE TRAVAIL DE L'ACCESSION DU LIBÉRIA 
 
Président:   S.E. M. Joakim Reiter (Suède)  
 
Révision 
 
Composition: 
 
 Peuvent être membres du Groupe de travail tous les Membres de l'OMC qui en expriment le désir. 
 
Mandat: 
  Examiner la demande d'accession du gouvernement de la République du Libéria à l'Organisation 
mondiale du commerce au titre de l'article XII;  présenter au Conseil général des recommandations comportant 
éventuellement un projet de Protocole d'accession. 
   
 
GRUPO DE TRABAJO SOBRE LA ADHESIÓN DE LIBERIA 
 
Presidente:   Excmo. Sr. Joakim Reiter (Suecia)  
 
Revisión 
 Composición: 
  Podrán formar parte del Grupo de Trabajo todos lo s Miembros de la OMC que expresen el deseo de 
participar en él.  Mandato: 
 
 Examinar la solicitud de adhesión a la Organizac ión Mundial del Comercio de conformidad con el 
artículo XII presentada por el Gobi erno de la República de Liberia y hacer  recomendaciones al Consejo General, 
entre las que podrá figurar un proyecto de Protocolo de Adhesión. 
__________