KENYA STANDARD       KS 2110-1:2009 
© KEBS 2009           First Edition 2009  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Installation and remote monitoring of detector acti vated CCTV systems. 
 
Part 1: Code of practice 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                  PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT,MARCH 2009 
 
 KENYA STANDARD       KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  ii 
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION 
 
The following organizations were represented on the  Technical Committee:  
 
Eveready Batteries Kenya Ltd. 
Associated Battery Manufacturers 
Kenya Railways Corporation 
Securicor Alarms (K) Ltd. 
Department of Defence 
Ministry of Roads and Public Works  
Kenya Power & Lighting Company Ltd.  
Automotive Industrial Battery Manufacturers (A.I.B. M) (K) Ltd . 
Ministry of Energy 
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technol ogy — Electrical Engineering Department. 
Kenya Bureau of Standards — Secretariat 
 
 
 
 
 
REVISION OF KENYA STANDARDS 
 
In order to keep abreast of progress in industry, K enya Standards shall be regularly reviewed. Suggest ions 
for improvements to published standards, addressed to the Managing Director, Kenya Bureau of Standards , 
are welcome. 
 
 
 
 
 
© Kenya Bureau of Standards, 2009 
 
Copyright:  Users are reminded that by virtue of se ction 6 of the Copyright Act, Cap. 130 of the Laws of Kenya, copyright subsists in all 
Kenya Standards and except as provided under sectio n 7 of this Act, no Kenya Standard produced by Keny a Bureau of Standards may 
be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior perm ission in writing from the 
Managing Director. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ISBN  
 
KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS (KEBS) 
 
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 KENYA STANDARD       KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  iii 
Foreword 
 
This Kenya Standard was developed by the Technical Committee on Extra-low Voltage equipment and is in 
accordance with the procedures of the Bureau. 
 
This standard gives the code of practice for the in stallation and remote monitoring of detector activa ted 
CCTV systems. 
 
In the preparation of this Kenya Standard, referenc e was made to the British Standard BS 8418:2003  
 
Acknowledgement is hereby made for assistance deriv ed from this source. 
 KENYA STANDARD       KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  iv  
Introduction 
 
This document is intended to provide recommendation s to the following parties: 
 
-Installers on best practice for the design, instal lation, commissioning and operation of detector act ivated        
CCTV systems; 
-Remote video response centres (RVRCs) monitoring C CTV systems; 
-Owners and users on the management of CCTV systems . 
 
CCTV systems installed and monitored in accordance with this code of practice should be capable of 
obtaining a response to a confirmed incident from t he police (or other responding authority). 
 
When a detector senses an event, images are transmi tted to, and displayed at, an RVRC and this is 
regarded as an alert. However, emergency response s hould not simply be called in relation to an alert.  
RVRC operators should view images for a period of t ime and might only call for emergency response if t here 
is positive evidence in these images of unauthorize d access to the site and of actual criminal or othe r 
untoward activity, i.e. an incident. The emergency response will be as agreed between the parties (see  7.2 ). 
 
The normal mode of operation for these CCTV systems  is not to display images at an RVRC unless there 
has been an event at the site. However, depending o n the terms and conditions of the contract with the  
owner, the RVRC operator may be permitted to view t he site at other times. The owner may also be able to 
view the site remotely. 
 KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  5 Installation and remote monitoring of detector acti vated CCTV systems  
Part 1: Code of practice  
 
1 Scope 
 
This Kenya Standard gives recommendations for the d esign, installation, commissioning, operation and 
remote monitoring of detector activated CCTV system s. 
 
It is intended to be primarily of use to RVRC opera tors and owners of CCTV systems. 
 
2 Normative references 
 
The following referenced documents are indispensabl e for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition cited applies. For und ated references, the latest edition of the referenc ed 
document (including any amendments) applies. 
 
BS 4737:1988 (all parts), Intruder alarm systems. 
BS 5979:2007, Code of practice for remote centres receiving signa ls from security systems. 
BS 7858:2006,  Code of practice for security screening of personn el employed in a security environment. 
BS 7958:2005, Closed-circuit television (CCTV) - Management and o peration - Code of practice. 
BS 7992:2002, Code of practice for exterior deterrent systems. 
BS EN 50131-1:2006, Alarm systems - Intrusion systems - Part 1: General  requirements. 
BS EN 50132-7:1996, Alarm systems - CCTV surveillance systems for use i n security applications Part 7: 
Application guidelines. 
PD 0008:2004, Code of practice for legal admissibility and eviden tial weight of information stored 
electronically. 
 
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 
 
3.1 Terms and definitions 
 
For the purposes of this Kenya Standard, the follow ing terms and definitions apply. 
 
3.1.1 
Activation 
Transmission of images to a RVRC. 
 
3.1.2 
Alert  
Activation where there is not positive evidence in images of unauthorized access to the site and of ac tual 
criminal activity. 
 
3.1.3 
CCTV control equipment 
Equipment for receiving, processing and initiating the onward transmission of data. 
 
3.1.4 
Closed site 
Site entirely surrounded by a soundly constructed a nd secure barrier, when the CCTV system is in a set  
condition, in order to deter unauthorized access. 
 
3.1.5 
CCTV system 
System consisting of camera equipment, monitoring a nd associated equipment for transmission and contro l 
purposes, which might be necessary for the surveill ance of a defined secure area. KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  6 3.1.6 
Data 
Information in the form of pictures, sound and any other associated, linked or processed information, 
including that about a person. 
 
3.1.7 
Detector 
Device that detects an event. 
 
3.1.8 
Event 
Activity within a secure area. 
 
3.1.9 
Incident 
Activation where there is positive evidence in imag es of conditions requiring an emergency response an d/or 
of actual criminal activity. 
 
3.1.10 
Initial activation 
First activation that occurs after the CCTV system has been set, or after a previous incident or alert  has been 
closed down during the set period 
 
3.1.11 
Open site 
Site not entirely surrounded by a soundly construct ed and secure barrier when the CCTV system is set. 
 
3.1.12 
RVRC operator 
Person located at the RVRC specifically designated,  trained and authorized to carry out monitoring of the 
CCTV system at the RVRC 
 
3.1.13 
Owner 
Legal person or entity, agency or individual, desig nated as having overall responsibility for the form ulation 
and implementation of the policies, purposes and co ntrol of a CCTV scheme 
 
3.1.14 
Ancillary control equipment (ACE) 
Portable device used for setting a CCTV system. 
 
3.1.15 
Recorded material 
Any data recorded on any medium that has the capaci ty to store data and from which data can later be 
recalled irrespective of time. 
 
3.1.16 
Remote  video response centre (RVRC) 
Operation which is continually manned and capable o f receiving multiple concurrent CCTV images from 
remote locations for the purpose of interacting wit h sites to provide security and related services. 
 
3.1.17 
Secure area 
Area within the site to which access cannot be gain ed without the creation of an event 
 
3.1.18 
User 
Person authorized by the owner to operate the CCTV system on site 
 KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  7 3.1.19 
Parked position 
Position to which a pan, tilt and zoom (PTZ) camera  automatically returns after a preset time or earli er on 
command 
 
3.1.20 
Set 
Status of a CCTV system or part thereof in which an  event results in activation 
 
3.1.21 
Reset 
State of the CCTV system in which events are preven ted from generating activation 
 
3.1.22 
Automatic timer 
Device that sets and/or unsets the CCTV system at p re-programmed times  
 
3.2 Abbreviations 
 
For the purposes of this Kenya Standard, the follow ing abbreviations apply. 
 
ACE Ancillary control equipment 
CCTV Closed circuit television 
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network 
PIR Passive infrared 
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network 
PTZ Pan, Tilt and Zoom 
RVRC Remote Video Response Centre 
UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply 
VMD Video Motion Detection 
 
4 CCTV system design and installation 
 
4.1 Detector positioning and configuration 
 
Detector positioning and configuration should confo rm to the following recommendations. 
 
a) Detectors should be installed in accordance with  BS 7992:2002, BS 4737: or BS EN 50131-1:2006 as 
applicable. Cameras using video motion detection (V MD) should be installed to manufacturer installatio n 
instructions. 
b) Detectors should only cause activation in areas within the specified field of view of associated ca meras on 
the CCTV system. Detector field of view should not be greater than the associated camera field of view  [see 
4.2.1 )]. 
 
NOTE 1 : An exception to this would be where the as sociated camera view intentionally covers an area m ore likely to give the RVRC 
operator information about the event, than one with in the range of the detector itself, e.g. where a d etector inside a building causes an 
activation from a selected external camera. 
c) Detector range should not overspill the site bou ndary. 
 
NOTE 2: Problems might occur when the range of a pa ssive infrared (PIR) detector extends to a public p ath or roadway. Where 
possible, detectors should be positioned facing inw ard. 
NOTE 3 Care should be taken when a PIR detector is positioned to cover gates, as the detector range mi ght extend through the gate. 
An active beam or curtain PIR detector traversing t he gateway should be considered . 
 
d) Detectors should be positioned in such a way tha t when looking horizontally across an area in an ea st-
west plane they are not adversely affected by the, rising or setting of the sun. Secondary detectors o riented 
in a different direction and paired should be consi dered. KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  8 e) Multiple detectors should not be connected to a single input unless individually identified by the CCTV 
control equipment. 
NOTE 4: This is particularly relevant when a PTZ ca mera is driven to multiple preset locations depende nt on the detector or an area 
where an event is taking place. In these circumstan ces it is essential that the detector indicates ind ependently at the RVRC, otherwise 
there is no method of determining that two incident s might have occurred in short succession. 
f) Detectors should be suitable for the application  and environment in which they are sited, e.g. inte rnal or 
external, extremes of weather. 
NOTE 5: PIR detectors vary considerably in sensitiv ity and those primarily designed for lighting contr ol and door opening should not be 
used. 
 
4.2 Camera positioning and configuration 
 
4.2.1 General 
 
Camera positioning and configuration should conform  to the following recommendations. 
 
a) The CCTV system should conform to BS EN 50132-7.  
b) The positions of the cameras should be such that  all areas of coverage of detectors can be viewed [ see 
4.1 b)]. 
 
NOTE 1 An exception to this would be where the asso ciated camera view intentionally covers an area mor e likely to give the RVRC 
operator information about the event, than one with in the range of the detector itself, e.g. where a d etector inside a building causes an 
activation from a selected external camera. 
c) For the purposes of verifying an event the field  of view should be set to a 1.6 m high target filli ng a 
minimum of 10 % of picture height. 
d) If recognition of an intruder is an objective, t hen larger image sizes should be considered (in exc ess of 50 
% of picture height as a minimum). 
e) The entry/exit route should either be viewed by a fixed camera or a PTZ camera with its parked posi tion 
viewing the entry/exit route. 
f) Care should be taken when using PTZ cameras. Whe re they are the sole means of viewing the field of 
detection they should be considered as multi-positi on fixed cameras by the utilization of presets, rat her than 
as infinitely variable devices. The area to be view ed by each camera should be clearly identified, wit h any 
specific items to be checked highlighted. If a came ra is required to survey a large area, the area sho uld be 
divided into a series of discrete adjacent zones, e ach corresponding to a stored preset position. It s hould not 
be possible for an intruder travelling at 2 m/s to pass out of the field of detection before the camer a can be 
moved to view the area. 
NOTE 2 Care should be taken to ensure that at each of its preset conditions the zoom setting enables c onformance to [ 4.2.1 b)]. 
g) Wherever possible, care should be taken to ensur e that cameras do not overlook public areas. 
h) All equipment installed should be suitable to wi thstand the prevailing environmental conditions.  
NOTE: 3 further information can be found in BS EN 5 0130-5. 
i) All cameras should be uniquely identified using a name/label which will be displayed with or within  the 
camera view at the RVRC and which corresponds to th e name/label shown on the site plan for that camera  
view. 
 
4.2.2 Lighting 
 
Good lighting of the camera's field of view is esse ntial and the following should be taken into accoun t. 
 
a) There should be sufficient lights on site to ill uminate the camera's field of view. 
b) It should be possible within 2 s of display of a  complete picture at the RVRC for an RVRC operator to 
verify the presence or not of a human form 1.6 m hi gh occupying not less than 10 % of picture height d uring 
day and night conditions [see 4.2.1 c)]. 
c) The lighting required for clear CCTV images shou ld have their lamps changed in accordance with the 
manufacturer's recommendations. The RVRC operator s hould report any lamp failure to the owner within 
one working day of its discovery. The owner should rectify any known lamp failures within three workin g days 
of its discovery. KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  9 d) The owner should make weekly checks on the opera tion and effectiveness of the lighting. 
NOTE 1: This could be achieved by viewing images re corded during the hours of darkness in the previous  24 h. 
e) Lights should not be positioned such that they d irectly face cameras. 
f) If clocks are used to control the lighting they should be adjusted accordingly.  
NOTE 2: It might be desirable for the RVRC operator  to control lighting on the site. 
 
4.3 Audio challenge 
 
An audio challenge facility is recommended except w here its use is judged to reduce the effectiveness of the 
system or where there are noise pollution implicati ons. 
 
Where sites are equipped with audio challenge it sh ould be clearly audible, without undue distortion w ithin 
the range of all detectors. 
 
NOTE: Care should be taken to avoid unwanted noise beyond the boundary of the site. 
 
4.4 CCTV system performance and integrity  
 
4.4.1 Minimum performance requirements 
 
As a minimum, activation should initiate within 1 s  of an event being detected, except where delayed 
procedures exist in accordance with 8.2 . 
 
4.4.2  Video transmission requirements 
 
The transmission system should send continuous vide o images while the RVRC operator is evaluating 
images. 
 
4.4.3  General 
 
Facilities might exist to omit any detector (when a greed in writing with the owner) either by RVRC ope rator 
action or automatically, e.g. the detector has a fa ult or regularly repeating operation, such as wind causing 
movement, that would prevent legitimate activation.  If such omissions are implemented they should resu lt in 
logs being generated, and should be recorded at the  RVRC. As a minimum the log should uniquely identif y 
the detector, time and date of omission and, either  duration of omission or time and date of restore. 
 
4.4.4  Video integrity 
 
Camera signals should be monitored for video loss. Any video loss should be indicated without delay to  the 
RVRC. 
 
NOTE In some applications a video content detection  system is necessary to determine whether an expect ed level of content of 
information exists within the image. This would pro tect against deliberate masking of the camera views , lens failure, or inappropriate 
lighting. 
 
4.4.5 Tamper 
 
All cabling to detectors should incorporate tamper detection. The detector enclosure should also be 
protected against tamper. To prevent tamper, the fo llowing measures should be taken. 
 
a) Tamper circuits should be continuously monitored . 
b) When the CCTV system is in the set condition, ta mper Faults should be reported to the RVRC without 
delay. 
c) When the CCTV system is in the unset condition, tamper faults should be reported to the RVRC and/or  
reported locally. 
d) Any plugable connectors and control equipment sh ould be contained within the secure area or within a 
suitable tamper monitored enclosure. KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  10 e) Where a camera, its housing or its alignment is likely to be tampered with tamper proofing should b e 
installed. 
 
4.4.6  CCTV control equipment integrity 
 
The CCTV control equipment should be housed within a secure area. When the CCTV system is in a set 
condition, and the CCTV control equipment can be ac cessed without generating an immediate activation, the 
CCTV control equipment should be tamper protected ( see 4.4.5 ). 
 
The control equipment should be protected using a s ecure validation process, e.g. a password, or elect ronic 
key, to avoid unauthorized access to the CCTV syste m. 
 
The status of the CCTV system (set or unset) should  be able to be determined by the RVRC and the CCTV 
system parameters should be remotely programmable f rom the RVRC. 
 
NOTE It is desirable that the CCTV system is capabl e of remote diagnostics and remote correction. 
 
If the CCTV system fails, the monitoring and contro l equipment on site should automatically attempt to  
restart. A failure to restart should be communicate d as follows: 
 
a) In the set condition to the RVRC; 
b) In the unset condition locally and/or to the RVR C. 
When the CCTV system failure is communicated to the  RVRC, the CCTV system should send a restart 
signal to the RVRC if the CCTV system automatically  restarts at any time. 
 
4.4.7  Event logs on site 
 
An ongoing event log should be maintained on site i n a consolidated, dated and time retrievable format  for a 
minimum period of six months, or until after the ne xt maintenance visit (see 13.1 ), whichever is the longer 
period. The event log should comprise as a minimum the following events: 
 
a) Changes in CCTV system status, e.g. set, unset, part set; 
b) Tampering and/or operation of detectors resultin g in an incident or alert, or initiating an entry s equence; 
c) Unsuccessful attempts to communicate with the RV RC; 
d) Successful communication with the RVRC and confi rmation that an alarm condition has been reported; 
e) CCTV system exceptions, including restarts after  mains supply failure, low battery and power failur e. 
 
4.4.8  Communication integrity 
 
An alternative method of communication to the RVRC such as cellular telephone or an additional monitor ed 
telephone line, should be provided, if the primary transmission medium is not available, to enable lin e failure 
to be indicated at the RVRC. 
 
4.4.9  Retry procedure 
 
If the CCTV system fails to establish a connection with the RVRC, there should be an alternative conne ction 
option. As a minimum, the CCTV system should attemp t to connect to the RVRC six times. This should be 
done either via two different numbered telephone li nes (maximum three attempts per line) or using the single 
telephone number if the RVRC has the capability of allowing multiple ISDN/PSTN lines to be allocated t o one 
number. 
 
4.4.10 Connection procedure 
 
Upon establishing a connection to the RVRC, and bef ore transmission of data relating to the event, an 
authorization procedure should be performed between  the equipment at the remote site and the RVRC to 
confirm the identity and authorization level of the  systems at each end of the connection. In the even t that the 
authorization procedure fails, for whatever reason,  the system should abort the current connection att empt KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  11 and re-try. If authorization is not established the  CCTV system should retry a further nine times with in the 
same connection to attempt to gain authorization. 
 
After 10 unsuccessful attempts, the connection shou ld be terminated and re-tried using the alternative  
connection option (see 4.4.9). 
 
The procedure should take no more than 10 min to co mplete. 
 
4.4.11 Power supplies 
 
In the event of power failure, some facilities of a  CCTV system can be lost. Power failure to the cont rol 
equipment should be indicated to the RVRC. The use of an uninterrupted power supply (UPS) should be 
considered. 
 
5 Commissioning 
 
5.1 General 
 
Commissioning a CCTV system before live operation c an occur should be conducted in accordance with 5.2  
to 5.7 . 
 
5.2 Engineer walk test 
 
The engineer walk test should be undertaken on site  by the installing engineer in association with the  owner 
and/or user and in conjunction with the company ope rating the RVRC. The basic tests should ensure 
compliance with this code of practice in the follow ing aspects: 
 
a) Field of view of detection devices and associate d cameras (see Clause 4); 
b) Sensitivity of detectors, including those used t o operate lighting (see 4.1  and 4.2.2 ); 
c) Clarity of images [see 4.2.1 d) and 9.4 ]; 
d) The accuracy of recorded data, notably labels us ed to describe the CCTV system [see 4.2.1 i)]. 
 
5.3 Reference images 
 
Reference images should be captured so that they ca n be used for comparison during live operation chec ks.  
 
5.4 Night remote check 
 
The RVRC should access the CCTV system remotely at night to ensure sufficient lighting exists to provi de 
clear images of each intended view (see 4.2.2 ). 
 
5.5 Environmental soak test 
 
The CCTV system should be left on test for 7 days f ollowing the engineer walk test (see 5.2 ) to identify the 
trends in the protected environment, e.g. animal ru ns, shortcuts by pedestrians. 
 
5.6 Faults 
 
CCTV system configuration faults should be notified  by the RVRC to the owner. The owner should arrange  
for any configuration faults to be corrected. All c orrective actions should be carried out before the CCTV 
system is made live. 
 
5.7 CCTV system acceptance certificate 
 
The CCTV system acceptance certificate should be is sued by the RVRC to the contracted party for whom 
the RVRC is providing monitoring. The certificate s hould confirm the date and time the CCTV system was  
accepted by the owner or his nominated representati ve and made live. KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  12  
6 Site operational procedures 
 
6.1 Setting/resetting procedures  
 
6.1.1 General 
 
The CCTV system should not cause activations during  the setting or resetting procedures when carried o ut 
in accordance with the recommendations described in  6.1.2 , 6.1.3, 6.1.4 and 6.1.5 . 
 
6.1.2 Local setting/resetting outside the secure area 
 
The entire setting and unsetting process should be completed from outside the secure areas in accordan ce 
with the following. 
 
a) The setting device (keypad, card reader, etc.) s hould be fitted with tamper detection, which will o perate if 
the cover/housing is removed so that its operation cannot be overridden. 
b) The CCTV system states (set/unset) should be cle arly indicated and visible from the.setting locatio n. 
c) The setting/unsetting location should be permane ntly within the field of view of a camera. An excep tion to 
this may be when the setting/unsetting location is within another secure area of the CCTV system (see 
6.1.3 ). 
d) When an ACE device is used to set the CCTV syste m, the setting/unsetting should only be affected fr om 
within the field of view of the camera in the CCTV system. 
e) The range of the ACE device should be such that it is not possible to affect a setting/unsetting of  the 
CCTV system from more than 10 m from the point of e ntry. 
 
6.1.3 Setting/resetting inside a secure area(s) 
 
The setting device should be inside the secure area  and might be in the form of a discrete device, suc h as a 
keypad, key switch, or card reader. 
 
a) Resetting 
1) The device used to complete the resetting proced ure should be inside a secure areas and might be in  the 
form of a discrete device, e.g. a keypad, key switc h or card reader. 
2) Activation should not occur in the defined entry  route during the resetting procedure. 
3) Additional detectors not on the entry route may be rendered inactive for the duration of the unsett ing 
procedure. 
NOTE 1: This should be documented in the specificat ion for the installed CCTV system. 
4) There should be a time limit for the resetting p rocedure. If the time limit is exceeded an activati on should 
take place. 
5) Detection of an event not on the entry route, wi thout prior initiation of the resetting procedure, should 
initiate activation. 
b) Setting 
1) The device used to initiate the setting procedur e should be inside a secure areas and might be in t he form 
of a discrete device, e.g. a keypad, key switch or card reader. 
2) Detectors on the exit route should be disabled i n the defined exit route during the setting procedu re. 
3) The setting procedure should be completed by one  of the following: 
i) Manual action of the user; 
NOTE 2: This is the preferred solution wherever pos sible. 
ii) Timer expiring. 
4) If a detector is in an active state at the time of setting, an appropriate indication should be giv en at the 
setting/resetting location. 
NOTE 3: See Annex A for further guidance on the set ting procedure in the active state. 
 KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  13 6.1.4 Automatic timed setting and resetting 
 
There should be an on-site indication of the curren t set state. 
 
NOTE: The use of an automatic timer for setting and /or resetting might not be acceptable for CCTV syst ems requiring emergency 
response. 
 
6.1.5 RVRC driven setting/resetting 
 
RVRC setting/resetting of the CCTV system or part o f the CCTV system should be actioned as a result of  a 
request to the RVRC. Such requests should only be m ade on an exceptional basis and should not be used 
as a routine setting/resetting method. An agreed va lidation process for this procedure should be agree d, and 
any RVRC action should be logged by the RVRC. 
 
7 Owner responsibilities 
 
7.1 Site information 
 
The owner should provide the information requested in 10.1  to the RVRC before the CCTV system is 
commissioned. 
 
7.2 Policy in response to activations 
 
There should be a documented agreement between the RVRC and the owner as to what action will be taken 
upon receipt of an activation. In the event of ther e being no obvious cause of an activation, there sh ould be 
an agreement between the RVRC and the owner as to t he scope of RVRC operator action in determining 
whether an incident has taken place. This should co ver the areas to be viewed, and whether images prio r to 
the activation should be viewed from some or all of  the areas. 
 
NOTE The actions are likely to be dependant upon wh ether the site is an open site or closed site, and on whether the activation occurs 
in daylight or at night-time. 
 
7.3 Staff access 
 
The owner should ensure all authorized persons on s ite are informed that they should operate in a way that 
will minimize the occurrence of spurious activation s as a result of their presence. In particular they  should be 
made aware that if entry to the site is made, other  than by the defined entry route, the RVRC should b e 
notified in advance. 
 
7.4 Exception reporting 
 
There should be a documented agreement between the owner and the RVRC detailing the requirement for 
handling individual CCTV system exceptions, e.g. wh ether a user should be notified. This agreement mig ht 
involve different criteria for lighting failure, vi deo failure, detector failure, tamper, communicatio n failure, etc. 
Some CCTV system exceptions can result in the RVRC operator reviewing images from site. 
 
The owner might have other contractual obligations,  e.g. insurers, third-party occupiers, who might be  
affected and they should be made fully aware of the  agreement. 
 
8 RVRC operator procedures 
 
8.1 General 
 
Information should be readily available to the RVRC  operator to ensure that there is a clear understan ding of 
the layout of the site and the areas to be viewed w hen a detector initiates an activation. 
 
Stored images of the intended fields of view of all  cameras on the CCTV system, and site plans should be 
made available to the RVRC operator in order to pro vide evidence if a potential intruder misaligns the  
camera(s). KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  14 8.2 Entry/exit and other delayed procedures 
 
Where procedures involve a delay between an event b eing detected and activation occurring the RVRC 
operator should have direct access to at least a si ngle image, or preferably an ongoing sequence (e.g.  
images of the initial entry and not just the point- at which the event was elevated to an activation), from the 
initiation of the first event. These procedures sho uld be agreed and documented between the RVRC and 
owner. 
 
The RVRC operator should have the means to view the  image or images of the initial entry, and not just  the 
point at which the event became established as acti vation. 
 
NOTE: An example of this would be where a timed ent ry procedure exists. Some time might elapse between  a person passing through 
the area and the point at which the event escalates  from an entry procedure to activation. 
 
8.3 Equipment failure 
 
In the event of loss of monitoring facilities at th e RVRC, data from affected CCTV systems should be r outed 
to another RVRC. If this is not achieved in less th an 15 h then CCTV systems should be monitored local ly at 
the site. 
 
8.4 Management and operation of the RVRC 
 
The management and operation of the RVRC should ref lect the recommendations set down in BS 7958 in so 
far as they reasonably apply to this code of practi ce. 
 
9 RVRC specifications 
 
9.1 Construction and facilities 
 
As a minimum, the construction and facilities of th e RVRC should be in accordance with the 
recommendations of BS 5979, Category II. 
 
9.2 Logging and recording 
 
The following should be logged or recorded at the R VRC: 
 
a) Date and time of all activations; 
b) Transmitted images (see 9.4); 
c) Transmitted audio (see 9.5); 
d) Telephone messages, particularly in relation to all owner and user requests; 
e) Reports of incidents to the owner and emergency services. 
 
9.3 Support equipment 
 
Support equipment should include the following. 
 
a) An RVRC logging system, recording all incidents and RVRC operator actions in response to the incide nt. 
b) An inbound and outbound call logging and recordi ng system, with indexing to the recordings of all 
telephone calls. 
c) Sufficient RVRC operator terminals to meet the n ormal anticipated levels of activation in any given  time 
period. 
NOTE: This may vary depending on the time period, b ut there should be at least two RVRC operators on d uty at all times. 
d) Sufficient surplus equipment to ensure the capab ility to make and receive video and audio calls, an d of 
controlling remote site CCTV systems even in the ev ent of primary equipment failure. 
e) Adequate facilities to queue the anticipated max imum number of activations above normal limits. KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  15 f) Sufficient incoming telephone lines and receivin g equipment to ensure that there is adequate capaci ty to 
receive activations from all possible sites with at  least one free line at all times, even when the an ticipated 
maximum numbers of activations are being queued. 
 
The site plan should show sufficient information (o n-line if possible) to enable RVRC operators to des cribe 
accurately the nature of incidents as they occur. 
 
9.4 Picture quality 
 
Picture quality should be at least sufficient to en able an RVRC operator to determine the nature and d etail of 
a viewed event as described in 4.2.1c). 
 
9.5 Transmitted audio 
 
Transmitted audio quality should be, as a minimum, clearly audible to the operator without undue disto rtion. 
 
10 RVRC procedures 
 
10.1 Site documentation: the connection form 
 
The RVRC should obtain the following information at  least 24 h before the CCTV system is commissioned:  
 
a) Site address; 
b) Installer details; 
c) Site plan (see 8.1 ); 
d) Operational schedule (set/unset times, etc.); 
e) Response plan (see 7.2 ); 
f) User contact details/emergency services details;  
g) Associated intruder alarm system information; 
h) Inventory of CCTV equipment installed; 
i) Fault reporting procedure (see 5.6 ). 
 
10.2 Non-image records and event logs at the RVRC 
 
Any non-image records and event logs at the RVRC sh ould be maintained for a minimum of six months and 
should include the following: 
 
a) Time of any communication from a site; 
b) Time and date when an RVRC operator is allocated  to a workstation and the identity of the RVRC 
operator; 
c) Any RVRC operator actions as a result of an inci dent reported from site; 
d) Time at which the RVRC operator closes down the session, in addition to any cause code recorded; 
e) Any CCTV system exceptions received from remote sites; 
f) Any CCTV system exceptions or failures within th e receiving equipment and workstations; 
g) Any special owner instructions, the time and dat e they are received, and the time and date at which  they 
are implemented; 
h) Times at which an RVRC operator initiates and cl oses a routine patrol of the site. 
 
10.3 Storage of images received 
 
All images received at the RVRC should be stored on  a suitable medium, such as videotape or CD-ROM. 
Procedures should exist for indexing and accessing a particular incident. 
 
The retention period should be assessed and agreed with the owner. KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  16  
10.4 Images for evidential purposes 
 
All images should have an audit trail to ensure the  recorded material maintains total integrity and co ntinuity 
at all times and to enable any images to be used fo r evidential purposes. If the recorded data is held  on an 
electronic document management system, the system s hould conform to PD 0008:2004 . 
 
10.5 RVRC operator actions 
 
RVRC operators should follow documented procedures (see 7.2 ) when handling activations. They should be 
trained in the possible requirement for producing e vidential images and the actions needed to produce these. 
Any information recorded from an activation should include anything of note that could be useful for 
investigative and evidential purposes. 
 
10.6 Image quality check 
 
If during the handling of an activation the quality  of an image is identified as poor, a fixed format notice 
should be issued by the RVRC to the owner advising of the nature of the problem and requesting that 
remedial action be taken. 
 
10.7 Critical data omissions 
 
If, during the handling of an activation, critical data required to complete the response plan effecti vely is 
unavailable or inaccurate (e.g. a user who is no lo nger valid), a fixed format notification should be issued by 
the RVRC to the owner requesting the supply of the missing data. 
 
11 Activation management 
 
11.1 Classification of activations 
 
A method of classifying activations should be adopt ed by the RVRC. As a minimum this classification sy stem 
should distinguish between alerts and incidents. In  addition, activity per detector/camera combination  should 
be recorded and classified according to cause to en able the CCTV system to be managed effectively with  
regard to CCTV system faults or deficiencies. 
 
11.2 Multiple false activations 
 
In the event of an agreed number of false activatio ns occurring from the same device, within a time pe riod 
agreed with the owner, for no identifiable reason, or for a reason determined to be the environment, a nimal 
nuisance or detectors looking beyond the bounded pr operty, the RVRC should disable the specified 
detector(s). In this situation the RVRC should noti fy the owner, on the basis agreed within the respon se plan 
(see 7.2 ), of the action to be undertaken and require the o wner to have false alarm causes investigated and 
eliminated before the detector is re-enabled. 
 
12 Service levels 
 
12.1 General 
 
The RVRC should conform to BS 5979 and the recommen dations given in 12.2 , 12.3  and 12.4  in respect of 
operations. 
 
12.2 Activation response time 
 
The evaluation of images received at the RVRC as a result of each initial activation should commence w ithin 
90 s of their arrival for 80 % of initial activatio ns and 180 s of their arrival for 98.5 % of initial  activations. 
 
 
 KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  17 12.3 Local CCTV system fault reporting 
 
The RVRC should notify the owner of any faults foun d on the CCTV the next working day. 
 
12.4 Incident reporting 
 
Incidents occurring during the period when the CCTV  system is set should be reported to the owner's 
nominated contact within 4 h of the start of the ne xt working day or sooner if so required by the owne r . 
 
13 General 
 
13.1 Equipment maintenance 
 
Before a site is accepted for monitoring, the owner  should arrange for the CCTV system to be maintaine d in 
accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations for the duration of the monitoring service. This  s hould 
include the provision of routine maintenance at agr eed intervals. 
 
Changes to the CCTV system and transmission equipme nt configuration should be controlled through the 
RVRC in order to avoid a breach of security. 
 
Criteria for attendance/repair of CCTV systems shou ld be agreed between the owner and maintenance 
provider and communicated to the RVRC. 
 
Once a repair has been completed, the RVRC should u ndertake a full evaluation of the CCTV system to 
confirm that it is fully operational and meets the performance requirements in accordance with 4.4 . The 
owner and/or maintenance provider should be advised  immediately if the CCTV system is not fully 
operational. 
 
At the time of a routine maintenance visit any CCTV  system specification documentation and operational  
logs should be reviewed with the RVRC, to determine  if any deterioration in CCTV system operation has 
occurred. All maintenance visits should be approved  by the RVRC. 
 
13.2 Personnel screening 
 
Any person with access to the RVRC or its records a nd personnel at installing and maintaining firms sh ould 
be screened in accordance with the requirements of BS 7858 as a minimum. KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  18 Annex A 
(Informative) 
Setting procedure in the active state 
 
Procedures should exist detailing what actions are to be taken in the event of the setting procedure b eing 
completed when a detector is in an active state. Th ese can include the following. 
 
a) The inability to complete the setting procedure until the faulty detector problem is solved. 
b) Automatic omission of the faulty detector until the CCTV system is reset. This should be logged and  
reported to the RVRC as an exception. 
c) An activation immediately associated with a faul ty detector. This condition would then be processed  in 
accordance with the owner's procedure, with subsequ ent notification to the owner. KENYA STANDARD KS 2110-1:2009 
 
© KEBS 2009 — All rights reserved  19 Bibliography 
 
Standards publications 
 
BS EN 50130-5:1999, Alarm systems — Part 5: Environmental test methods.   
 
 
Further reading 
 
BS EN 50130-4:1996, Alarm systems — Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibili ty — Product family standard: 
Immunity requirements for components of fire, intru der and social alarm systems. 
BS EN 50132-2-1:1998, Alarm systems — CCTV surveillance systems for use i n security applications — 
Part 2-1: Black and white cameras. 
BS EN 50132-4-1:2001, Alarm systems — CCTV surveillance systems for use i n security applications — 
Part 4-1: Black and white monitors. 
BS EN 50132-5:2001, Alarm systems — CCTV surveillance systems for use i n security applications — Part 
5: Video transmission.