WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION   
WT/REG290/1 
26 June 2012 
 (12-3389) 
Committee on Regional Trade Agreements  
  
 
 
 
 
FACTUAL PRESENTATION 
 
Free Trade Agreement  
between the  
EFTA States and Serbia 
(Goods) 
 
Report by the Secretariat 
 
 
 
 
This report, prepared for the consideration of the Free Trade Agreement between the EFTA States (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) and Serbia has been drawn up by the WTO Secretariat on its ow n responsibility and in full consultation 
with the Parties.  The report has been  drawn up in accordance with the rules and 
procedures contained in the Decision for a Transparency Mechanism for Regional 
Trade Agreements (WT/L/671).  
 Any technical questions arising from this report may be addressed to Jean-Daniel Rey (tel: +41 22 739 52 64).  WT/REG290/1 
 Page iii 
 
 
  TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
Page 
 
I.  TRADE ENVIRONMENT 1  
II.  CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT 5  
A.  BACKGROUND INFORMATION  5  
B.  STRUCTURE OF THE AGREEMENT  5  
III.  PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS 6  
A.  IMPORT DUTIES AND CHARGES , AND QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS  6  
1.  General provisions 6  
2.  Liberalization of trade and tariff lines 6  
3.  Liberalization schedules 11  
4.  Tariff rate quotas 17  
5.  Import restrictions 18  
B.  RULES OF ORIGIN  18  
C.  EXPORT DUTIES AND CHARGES , AND QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS  20  
D.  REGULATORY PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS  20  
1.  Standards 20  
2.  Safeguard mechanisms 21  
3.  Anti-dumping, countervailing measures, and subsidies 22  
4.  State Trading Enterprises 22  
5.  Customs-related procedures  and trade facilitation 23  
E.  SECTOR -SPECIFIC PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS  23  
IV.  GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT 24  
A.  TRANSPARENCY  24  
B.  CURRENT PAYMENTS AND CAPITAL MOVEMENTS  24  
C.  EXCEPTIONS  24  
D.  ACCESSION AND WITHDRAWAL  24  
E.  GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT  24  
F.  INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS  25  
G.  OTHERS  27 
1.  Competition 27  
2.  Services and Investments 27  
H.  INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK  28  
I.  DISPUTE SETTLEMENT  28  
J.  RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED BY THE PARTIES  29  
ANNEX I 31 
1.  Indicators of Trade Liberalizat ion under the Agreement and AAs 31  
2.  Indicators of improvement of  market access conditions 33  
ANNEX II 40 
 
  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 1 
 
 
   
 
 
Key Facts 
 
Parties to the Agreement:  The EFTA States (Iceland, Liechtenstein, 
Norway, and Switzerland); and the Republic 
of Serbia. 
 Date of Signature:  17 December 2009. 
 
Date of Entry into Force:  1 October 2010 (for Serbia, Liechtenstein and 
Switzerland), 1 June 2011 (for Serbia and Norway), and 1 October 2011 (for Serbia and Iceland). 
 
Date of Notification:  24 November 2010 (for Serbia, Liechtenstein 
and Switzerland), 24 June 2011 (for Serbia and Norway), and 5 September 2011 (for Serbia and Iceland). 
 Full implementation:  1 January 2014  
 
   
I. TRADE ENVIRONMENT
1 
1. The Parties to the EFTA-Serbia Free Trade Ag reement (hereinafter referred to as the 
Agreement) are Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland (which comprise EFTA; hereinafter 
referred to as the EFTA States2) and the Republic of Serbia (hereinafter referred to as Serbia).  The 
Agreement is one of the 28 RTAs which have  so far been concluded by the EFTA States3 and one of 
the 4 RTAs concluded by Serbia.   
2. In 2010, with a total population of 13 million, the EFTA States' aggregate GDP was estimated 
at US$950 billion while that of Serbia, with a population of 7.3 million was estimated at 
US$39 billion.  In 2011, the EFTA States' shares in  world exports and imports  were 2.17% and 1.64% 
respectively, while Serbia's shares were 0.11% for exports and 0.06% for imports.  Their world export 
rankings were 18th for Switzerland/Liechtenstein (total exports of US$195 billion), 21st for Norway 
(total exports of US$131 billion), and 84th for Iceland (total exports of US$4.6 billion), while Serbia 
ranked 60th (with total world exports of US$9.8 billion).  Their import rankings were 17th for 
Switzerland/Liechtenstein (total imports of US$176 billion), 24th for Norway (total imports of 
US$77 billion), and 101st for Iceland (total imports of US$3.9 billion), while Serbia was ranking 
53rd (with total imports from the world of US$16.7 billion). 
                                                      
1 Source for this section: WTO Trade Profiles 20 11 (2010 data) complemented by UNSD/Comtrade 
database figures.  Export figures are calculated f.o.b. and import figures are calculated c.i.f.  Ranking in world trade excluding intra-EU  trade but including intra-EFTA trade.   
2 Liechtenstein and Switzerland have a Customs Un ion, which includes a common external tariff for 
trade in goods.  In the WTO, one single Schedule of  tariff concessions covers their customs territories. 
3 RTAs notified (and non notified) and currently in  force, including RTAs concluded by individual 
EFTA States. WT/REG290/1 
Page 2  
 
  3. In 2010, the EFTA States were Serbia's 10
th largest source of imports, accounting for 1.4% of 
total imports and 11th largest destination for exports, accounting for 0.7% of total exports.4  For the 
EFTA States, Serbia represented 0.03% of their tota l imports and 0.1% of their exports, making it the 
EFTA States' 58th largest source of imports, and 49th largest destination for exports.5  
4. Developments in global and intra-Party trade ar e presented in Charts I.1 and I.2.  Bilateral 
trade between the EFTA States and Serbia stead ily progressed between 2001 and 2008 followed, in 
2009, by a sharp decline in connection with the gl obal financial and economic crisis.  Since 2009 
trade shows signs of recovery except for exports  from EFTA to Serbia, which continued to fall, 
despite growth in global exports.  EFTA has ma intained a constant and large surplus in its 
merchandise trade with Serbia. During the last three years, however the surplus appears to have been 
progressively reduced.   
050100150200250300350400450500
050100150200250300350400
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010US$ billion US$ millionChart I.1 - EFTA: Merchandise import s from and exports to world and 
Serbia, 2001-2010
Note: No data for Serbia prior to 2006.
Source : UNSD, Comtrade database.Imports from Serbia
Exports to SerbiaTotal imports
Total exportsLeft hand scale: Right hand scale:
 
                                                      
4 In 2010 the five top sources of imports for Serbia were: EU27 (56%), the Russian Federation 
(12.9%), China (7.2%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (3.3%), and Croatia (2.6%); the five top export destinations 
from Serbia were: EU27 (57.3%); Bosnia and Herzegovina (11.1%); Montenegro (8.2%); the Russian Federation (5.5%); and the Former Yugo slav Republic of Macedonia (4.9%). 
5 In 2010, the five top sources of imports for th e EFTA States (cumulated figures) were: the EU27 
(72.8%), the US (5.4%), China (4.9%), Japan (2.1%), and Canada (1.3%);  the five top destinations of exports from the EFTA States were:  the EU27 (67.8%), th e US (8%), China (2.8%), Japan (2.5%), and Hong Kong, 
China (2%).  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 3 
 
 
  0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0
010203040
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010US$ billion US$ billionChart I.2 - Serbia: Merchandi se imports from and exports to world and EFTA, 
2006-2010
Note: Serbia has no trade data prior to 2006.
Source : UNSD, Comtrade database.Imports from EFTA
Exports to EFTATotal imports
Total exportsLeft hand scale: Right hand scale:
 
 
 5. The commodity structure of trade between the EFTA States and Serbia, as well as with the 
world, in the period 2008-2010, is shown in Chart I.3 on the basis of Harmonized System (HS) 
sections.  Metals accounted for more than one th ird of EFTA imports from Serbia (34.1%).  This 
sector represented 22.6% of Serbia 's global exports and 8.5% of th e EFTA States global imports from 
the world.  The EFTA States second and third larg est import from Serbia were machinery and 
vegetables (respectively 19.6 and 13.4%), which were  also Serbia's second a nd fourth largest global 
export (respectively 13.3% and 8.9% of Serbia's expor ts to the world). Chemicals, Serbia's largest 
import from the EFTA States, accounted for 29.3% of its imports from the EFTA States and was 
Serbia's fourth largest global import (9.7%).  M achinery constituted Serbia's  second most important 
import from the EFTA States (14%) and from the world (16%).  Minerals (essentially petroleum products from Norway), with 7% of Serbia 's imports from the EFTA States, was the
 third most 
imported product from the EFTA States and also EFTA's largest global export (29.3%).  WT/REG290/1 
Page 4  
 
  Chart I.3
EFTA and Serbia: product composition of  merchandise trade,  annual average 
(2008-2010)
EFTA's imports from Serbia Serbia's imports from EFTA
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database.Per cent
Total:  US$ 67.6 million Total:  US$ 253.6 million
Total:  US$ 255 billion Total: US$ 18.6 billionEFTA's global imports Serbia's global importsOther
6.6
Base metals
34.1
Vegetables 13.4Miscellaneous 
8.7Prepared foods 4.4Optical 1.5
Machinery
14.3Other
34.4
Chemicals 9.7Minerals 7.1Wood pulp 2.9Prepared foods 1.4
Machinery
16.1Other 
17.9
Textiles 4.2Vegetables 2.3Optical 1.8
Vehicles 6.5Plastics 5.5.
Base metals 10.0Wood pulp 3.1Prepared foods 3.0Other 
6.4
Precious stones 
5.6Optical 4.3Machinery
20.4Vegetables 2.2
Prepared foods 3.5
Vehicles 11.2 Minerals 7.7Plastics 4.1
Chemicals 
15.9Miscellaneous 3.4
Textiles 4.1Machinery 19.6Textiles 2.1
Wood pulp 2.7Minerals 
19.8
Base metals 
8.5
Total:  US$ 334 billionEFTA's global exports
Chemicals 21.3Base metals 
6.4
Machinery 14.5Prepared foods 1.8
Minerals
29.3Live animals 3.0
Precious stones 3.9Plastics 1.8
Vehicles 2.5Other 
6.6
Optical 9.0Vehicles 3.8Chemicals 3.0Plastics 2.9 Chemicals
24.5
Optical 6.6Plastics 4.5Base metals 4.2
Total:  US$ 9.7 billionSerbia's global exports
Minerals 4.9
Plastics 8.2Other 
7.4
Prepared foods 
8.9Chemicals 6.3
Vegetables 8.9Base metals 
22.6
Textiles 
6.1Machinery 
13.3Wood pulp 2.9Miscellaneous 2.3
Vehicles 4.0Footwear 2.2Articles of wood 1.9
 
  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 5 
 
 
  II. CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THE AGREEMENT 
A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION  
6. The Agreement was signed on 17 December 2009 by a ll the Parties and entered into force on 
1 October 2010 (between Serbia and Liechtenstein/S witzerland), on 1 June 201 1 (between Serbia and 
Norway), and on 1 October 2011 (between Serbia and Iceland).   
7. The Parties notified the Agreement to the WTO on 24 November 2010 (between Serbia and 
Liechtenstein/Switzerland)6, on 24 June 2011 (between Serbia and Norway)7, and on 5 September 
2011 (between Iceland and Serbia).8 The text of the Agreement, together with its Annexes, is 
available on the EFTA official website: 
 EFTA :  http://www.efta.int/free-trade/free-trade-agreements/serbia.aspx  
 
 Serbia :  http://www.merr.gov.rs/sr/c/eu-efta/eu-efta/171  
 
B. STRUCTURE OF THE AGREEMENT  
8. The Agreement is composed of a Preamble and eight Chapters.  It is complemented by seven 
Annexes, related to specific Chapters of th e Agreement.  Two Protocols, covering processed 
agricultural products and rules of origin complement the Agreement.  Further to the Agreement, three 
bilateral agricultural agreements (AAs) between the respective EFTA States and Serbia have been 
concluded.  These bilateral agreements entered in to force on the same date(s) as the Agreement and 
shall remain in force as long as the Agreemen t remains in force between the Parties.  
9. Box II.1 below summarizes the legal frame work established by the Agreement. 
Box II.1: structure of the Agreement 
Chapters, Annexes, Protocols, 
and bilateral AAs Title/description 
Preamble  
Chapter 1 General Provisions  
Chapter 2 Trade in Goods 
Chapter 3 Protection of Intellectual Property 
Chapter 4 Investment, Services and Government Procurement 
Chapter 5   Payments and Capital Movements 
Chapter 6 Institutional Provisions 
Chapter 7 Dispute Settlement 
Chapter 8 Final Provisions 
Protocol A Processed Agricultural Products 
(including Tariff Concessions from Serbia and from EFTA) 
Protocol B Definition of the concept of "Originating Prod ucts" and Methods of Administrative Cooperation (including 5 
Appendixes) 
  
Annex I Excluded Products 
Annex II Fish and Other Marine Products 
Annex III Tariff Dismantling 
Annex IV Trade Facilitation 
Annex V Mandate of the Sub-Committee on Rules of Origin, Customs Procedures and Trade Facilitation 
Annex VI Protection of Intellectual Property 
Annex VII Transitional Rules related to SPS, TBT, SCM, and AD 
 
Agreement on Agriculture between Serbia and Iceland 
Agreement on Agriculture be tween Serbia and Norway 
Agreement on Agriculture between Se rbia and Switzerland/Liechtenstein  
 
Source: WTO Secretariat based on the Agreement.  
                                                      
6 See document WT/REG290/N/1. 
7 See document WT/REG290/N/2. 
8 See document WT/REG290/N/3. WT/REG290/1 
Page 6  
 
  10. Unless otherwise provided for in the Agreement,  its provisions apply to trade and economic 
relations between Serbia, on the one  side, and the individual EFTA States, on the other side; but not to 
trade relations between the EFTA States (Article 2). 
11. Norway exempted the territory of Svalbard fro m the application of the Agreement with the 
exception of trade in goods. 
12. The Agreement covers trade in goods and estab lishes a framework for future cooperation in 
the areas of services, investment and public procur ement.  It also contains a section on competition 
(concerning undertakings) and a Chapter on the protection of intellectual property. 
13. Implementation started immediately when the Agreement and the AAs entered into force 
between the Parties and is expected to be completed by 1 January 2014. 
III. PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS  
A. I
MPORT DUTIES AND CHARGES , AND QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS  
1. General provisions 
14. Trade in goods between the Parties is governed by the provisions of Chapter 2, which sets out 
the product coverage and market access provisions of  the Agreement.  The Agreement applies to all 
products classified under Chapters 25 to 97 of th e Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding 
System (HS), excluding specified products (listed in Annex I of the Agreement9);  processed 
agricultural products referred to in and subject to th e arrangements in Protocol A;  and fish and other 
marine products (See Annex II of the Agreement).  Furthermore,  the three AAs detail separate trade 
liberalization commitments that apply to each Part y for the agricultural products covered by the AAs. 
15. The Parties agree to apply national treatme nt to each other's goods in accordance with 
Article III of the GATT 1994 and other relevant WTO Agreements (Article 11.1).  They also agree 
upon entry into force of the Agreement to abolish all customs duties and charges having equivalent 
effect on imports between EFTA and Serbia covered by Article 6.1(a) except as otherwise provided in 
Annex III, and to not introduce new customs duties.10 
2. Liberalization of trade and tariff lines  
16. Tariff reductions or eliminations take place on the Agreement's date of entry into force 
(for the EFTA States) and according to the Tari ff Dismantling Schedule in  Annex III of the 
Agreement (for Serbia). The basi c duty to which the successive reductions are to be applied for 
imports between the Parties (base rates) is the MFN rate applied by each Party on 1 February 2009.   
17. The liberalization of processed agricultural products11 is described in Protocol A attached to 
the Agreement. The EFTA Parties retain the right to  levy a duty on products originating in Serbia 
listed in Table 1 of Protocol A, to account for diffe rences in the cost of the agricultural raw material 
                                                      
9 None for Serbia. For the EFTA States, certain products covered by five (four digit) tariff 
sub-headings of HS Chapters 35 and 38 (Albuminoidal Sub, Starches, Glues, Enzymes, and Miscellaneous 
chemical products). 
10 Including any duty or charge imposed in connection with the import or export of a product including 
any surtax or surcharge but not any charge imposed in conformity with Articles III and VIII of the GATT 1994 
(Article 8). 
11 As defined in Protocol A, attached to the Agreement.  Table 1 of the Protocol lists the products 
originating in an EFTA State, which are imported into Serbia as "agricultural products", and Table 2 of the 
Protocol lists the products originating in Serbia , which are imported into individual EFTA States.  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 7 
 
 
  incorporated into the listed processed  agricultural products.  The duty levied shall be based on, but not 
exceed, the difference between the domestic price a nd the world market price of the agricultural raw 
materials (Article 1 of Protocol A).12  Price compensation does not apply to Serbia.  The Parties 
agreed to notify each other all changes in price comp ensation measures applied, before their entry into 
force, and in the treatment accorded to processed agricultural products originating in the EU (Article 4 
of Protocol A). While no change was brought to Iceland and Norway mechanisms, the entry into force 
of the revised Protocol 2 to the FTA between Swit zerland and the EU introduced a regular updating of 
the reference prices, also applicable to Liechtenstein.13 Serbia committed to grant processed 
agricultural products, originating in an EFTA State and listed in Table 2 of Protocol A, either a 
reduced preferential rate (as indicated in Table 2) or duty free treatment, from the entry into force of 
the Agreement.  The Table distinguishes between the Se rbian offer applicable on the date of entry into 
force of the Agreement, and its improved offer a pplicable on 1 January 2011 for a limited number of 
listed products.  Moreover, the Parties shall acco rd, for processed agricultural products covered by 
their respective lists in Protocol A, treatment no less favourable than that accorded to products 
originating in the EU (Articles 2 and 3 of Protocol A).14  The Parties agree to periodically review the 
development of trade in processed agricultural prod ucts and may amend the pr oduct coverage and the 
modalities applicable to price compensations (Article 5 of Protocol A). 
18. The liberalization of fish and marine products are described in Annex II to the Agreement.  
Table 1 of Annex II provides a list of such products15 which, in accordance with Article 2 of Annex II, 
receive immediate duty free access.  Switzerland and Liechtenstein may however continue to maintain customs duties on Serbian imports listed in Table 2 of the Annex.
16  Imports of whale products are 
banned by Serbia, Liechtenstein and Switzerland under the CITES Conve ntion.  Serbia committed to 
progressively reduce customs duties of certain fish and marine products listed in Table 3 of Annex II 
in five annual stages (starting in 2010 and ending in 2014).  All listed products, with the exception of 
Carp (HS 0301 93 00) are to be granted duty free access into the Serbian market from 2014 onwards;  
Carp will be subject to a preferential duty of 18% for imports from the EFTA States. 
19. For products of HS Chapters 1-24 covered by  the bilateral AAs, the tariff concessions 
between Serbia and individual EFTA States17, are contained in two Annexes attached to each AA.   
The Parties, in their individual AAs affirm th eir desire to work towards achieving greater 
liberalization of their agricultural trade (Article 5 of each AA).  Articles 3, 4, 10, 12, 13, 18, 21, as 
well as Chapter 7 of the Agreement shall apply, mutatis mutandis , to the AAs. The Parties confirm, in 
Article 6 of each AA, their rights and obliga tions under the WTO Agreement on Agriculture. 
                                                      
12 For details, readers may want to refer: for Iceland, to "http://efta.int/~/media/Documents/legal-
texts/eea/the-eea-agreement/Protocols% 20to%20the%20Agreem ent/protocol3.ashx" ; for Norway, to 
"http://efta.int/~/media/Docum ents/legal-texts/eea/the-eea-
agreement/Protocols%20to%20th e%20Agreement/protocol3.ashx" ; and for Switzerland/ Liechtenstein, to 
http://www.efta.int/free-trad e/free-trade-agreements/s erbia/notifications.aspx .  
13 For details, readers may want to refer to http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/c0 _632_401_2.html .  
14 Supporting material on the treatment of processed agricultural products related to Agreements 
concluded by the EFTA States with the EU is available at: "http://www.efta.int/fr ee-trade/free-trade-
agreements/serbia/notifications.aspx" . For Iceland, Norway, and Liechtenstein, Protocol 3 to the Agreement 
establishing the European Economic Area (EEA) woul d also apply to products originating in Serbia. 
15 Table 1 covers the following HS tariff lines: ex 020840*, Chapter 03; 051191; Sub-chapter 1504*; 
ex 151610*; ex 160300*; Sub-chapter 1604; Sub-chapter 1605; ex 230110*; 230120; ex 230990 where 
(*) indicates whale products. 
16 Table 2 covers the following HS tariff lines: ex 051191 (feedingstuffs for production animals); 
ex 1504 and ex151610 (fats and oils for human consumption); ex 230110 and ex 230120 (feedingstuffs for 
production animals); and ex 230990 (feedingstuffs for production animals). 
17 The AA between Serbia and Switzerland also app lies to Liechtenstein as long as their Customs 
Union Treaty remains in force. WT/REG290/1 
Page 8  
 
  20. Serbia has committed to give duty free or prefer ential access to products in Annex I of each 
AA and imported from the EFTA States.  
21. Annex II of each AA lists products subject to ta riff reductions and eliminations for products 
originating in Serbia by the individual EFTA States.   
22. Iceland commits to eliminate duties upon entry into force for the covered products imported 
from Serbia. 
23. Norway, in addition to eliminating customs duty on a number of listed goods, reduces tariffs 
on some meat products, some dairy products (certa in eggs), honey, and on some vegetables (on a 
seasonal basis). Moreover, for four products (on an eight-digit basis), Norway grants a 30% reduction 
on the WTO-bound in-quota duties (year 2000 used as base level for the annual global WTO quota) 
(see Section 4 below).  
24. Switzerland, in addition to eliminating cust oms duty on number of listed goods, reduces 
tariffs on 148 HS eight-digit tariff lines relating, inter alia, meat; honey; flowers; certain fruit and 
vegetables (on a seasonal basis);  certain foodstuffs (prepared meat); certain mixed, frozen or dried 
products; fruit juice;  and some wines.  More over, Switzerland grants WTO-bound tariff rate quotas 
for some products (see section 4 below)  
(a) EFTA States  
25. The tariff elimination under the Agreement and the AAs, of the EFTA States is depicted in 
Tables III.1A to III.1C. 
(i) Iceland 
26. In 2011, 70.2% of Iceland's tariff lines were already duty-free on an MFN basis, 
corresponding to 40.6% of its total impo rts from Serbia for the period 2008-2010.
18  Upon entry into 
force of the Agreement (2011), a further 23.6% of Iceland's tariff schedule was liberalized, accounting 
for an additional 59.4% of Serb ian imports becoming duty-free. The remaining 511 tariff lines (6.2% 
of Iceland's tariff schedule) remain dutiable, whic h corresponds to less than a percentage point of 
Iceland's imports from Serbia in 2008-10. 
Table III.1A: Iceland 
Tariff elimination commitments under the Ag reement and corresponding average trade 
Duty phase-out period Number of lines % of total lines in 
Iceland's tariff schedule Value of Iceland's imports from 
Serbia 
 (2008-2010) 
in million US$ % of Iceland's total 
imports from  
Serbia 
2008-2010 
MFN duty free (2011) 5,749 70.2 0.28 40.6 
2011 1,929 23.6 0.41 59.4 
Remain dutiable 511 6.2 0.00 0.0 
Total 8,189 100.0 0.70 100.0 
 
Note: For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate rates are included. 
 Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source :  WTO estimates based on data pr ovided by Iceland and WTO-IDB. 
 
                                                      
18 In 2011, Iceland's applied MFN tariff was composed of 8,189 tariff lines at the HS 8-digit level,  
7,780 tariff lines were ad valorem, 53 lines were subject to specific duties and 356 to compound duties.  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 9 
 
 
  (ii) Norway 
27. In the case of Norway, in 2011, 83.86% of its tariff lines were duty-free on an MFN basis, 
corresponding to 89.97% of imports from Serbia for the period 2008-2010.19  Upon the entry into 
force of the Agreement (2011), a further 5.5% of Norway's tariff was liberalized, accounting for an 
additional 5.54% of imports from Serbia becoming duty-free.  The remaining 753 tariff lines (10.64% 
of Norway's tariff schedule) remain dutiable.  These correspond to 4.49% of its imports from Serbia. 
Table III.1B: Norway 
Tariff elimination commitments under the Ag reement and corresponding average trade 
Duty phase-out period Number of lines % of total lines in 
Norway's tariff schedule Value of Norway's imports from 
Serbia (2008-2010) 
in million US$ % of Norway's total 
imports from  
Serbia (2008-2010) 
MFN duty free (2011) 5,933 83.86 9.30 89.97 
2011 389 5.50 0.57 5.54 
Remain dutiable 753 10.64 0.46 4.49 
Total 7,075 100.00 10.34 100.00 
 
Note: Specific duties are excluded in the calculation of averages. 
Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source :  WTO estimates based on data pr ovided by Norway and WTO-IDB. 
 
(iii) Switzerland/Liechtenstein 
28. In the case of Switzerland/Liechtenstein, 17.8% of tariff lines were already duty-free on an 
MFN basis in 2010, corresponding to 7.8% of total imports from Serbia during 2007-2009.20  Upon 
entry into force of the Agreement (2010), a further 66.7% of Switzerland's tariff schedule was 
liberalized, accounting for an additional 76.9% of its imports from Serbia becoming duty-free.  The 
remaining 1,255 tariff lines (15.5% of Switzerland' s tariff schedule) remain dutiable.  These 
correspond to 15.3% of Switzerland's average total imports from Serbia. 
Table III.1C: Switzerland 
Tariff elimination commitments under the Ag reement and corresponding average trade 
Duty phase-out period Number of lines % of total lines in 
Switzerland's tariff 
schedule Value of Switzerland's imports 
from Serbia 
(2007-2009) 
in million US$ % of Switzerland's total 
imports from  
Serbia 
2007-2009 
MFN duty free (2010) 1,439 17.8 3.5 7.8 
2010 5,388 66.7 34.9 76.9 
Remain dutiable 1,255 15.5 7.0 15.3 
Total 8,082 100.0 45.4 100.0 
 
Note: Tariff lines subject to in-quota rates at the MFN level are excluded in the calculation. 
Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source :  WTO estimates based on data provi ded by Switzerland and WTO-IDB. 
 
 
 
 
                                                      
19 In 2010, Norway's tariff was composed of 7,075 tariff lines at the HS 8-digit level, of which 
6,300 lines were subject to ad valorem  duties, 774 lines to specific duties and 1 line to other duties. 
20 In 2010, Switzerland and Liechtenstein's applied MFN tariff consisted of 8,082 tariff lines at the 
HS 8-digit level, of which 1,428 were ad valorem and 6,640 were subject to specific duties.  References to 
Switzerland's tariff lines or imports also include those of Liechtenstein. WT/REG290/1 
Page 10  
 
  (b) Serbia 
29. Tables III.1D to III.1F show Serbia's duty elim ination in terms of tariff lines and trade, as 
applied in 2010, when the Agreement entered into  force with respect to Switzerland/Liechtenstein, 
and in 2011, when the Agreement entered into force w ith respect to Iceland and Norway respectively.   
30. Before the entry into force of  the Agreement with Switzerland/Liechtenstein (in 2010), 1.1% 
of total tariff lines were duty free on an MFN basis.
21  Following the entry into force of the 
Agreement, a further 51% of Serbia's tariff sc hedule corresponding to 57.2% of its imports in 
2007-2009 became duty free for imports from Swit zerland/Liechtenstein. At the end of the 
transitional period for Serbia to fully implement its  liberalization commitments  (in 2014), 81.7% of its 
tariff will be duty free, corresponding to 98.2% of  its imports from Switzerland.  The remaining 
1,829 tariff lines (18.3% of Serbia's tariff sche dule) remain dutiable, corresponding to 1.8% of 
Serbia's imports from Switzerland.   
Table III.1D: Serbia-Switzerland 
Tariff elimination commitments under the Ag reement and corresponding average trade 
Duty phase-out period Number of lines % of total lines in Serbia's 
tariff schedule Value of Serbia's imports from 
Switzerland 
 (2007-2009) 
in million US$ a % of Serbia's total 
imports from  
Switzerland 
2007-2009 
MFN duty free (2010) 108 1.1 23.7 11.6 
2010 5,084 51.0 117.3 57.2 
2011 733 7.3 15.1 7.4 
2013 1,350 13.5 38.1 18.6 
2014 871 8.7 7.1 3.4 
Remain dutiable 1,829 18.3 3.7 1.8 
Total 9,975 100.0 204.9 100.0 
 
a excludes imports beyond HS Chapter 99. 
Note: For tariff lines subject to TRQs, only the out-of quota products are included in the calculation. 
Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source :  WTO estimates based on data provided by Serbia, WTO-IDB and ITC-Trademap. 
 
31. Before the entry into force of the Agreement w ith Iceland (in 2011), 1.1% of total tariff lines 
were duty free on an MFN basis.  Following the entry into force of the Agreement, a further 58.3% of 
Serbia's tariff schedule corresponding to 83.1% of its imports in 2008-2010 became duty free for 
imports from Iceland.  At the end of the trans itional period for Serbia to fully implement its 
liberalization commitments (in 2014), 81.7% of Serb ia's tariff will be duty free, corresponding to 
100% of Serbia's imports from Iceland. The remain ing 1,829 tariff lines (18.3% of Serbia's tariff 
schedule) remain dutiable, corresponding to less than  a percentage point of Serbia's imports from 
Iceland.   
Table III.1E: Serbia-Iceland 
Tariff elimination commitments under the Ag reement and corresponding average trade 
Duty phase-out period Number of lines % of total lines in Serbia's 
tariff schedule Value of Serbia's imports from 
Iceland 
 (2008-2010) 
in million US$ a % of Serbia's total 
imports from  
Iceland 
2008-2010 
MFN duty free (2011) 108 1.1 0.01 1.7 
2011 5,817 58.3 0.62 83.1 
2013 1,350 13.5 0.01 0.8 
2014 871 8.7 0.11 14.4 
Remain dutiable 1,829 18.3   
Total 9,975 100.0 0.75 100.0 
a excludes imports beyond HS Chapter 99 
Note: Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
Source :  WTO estimates based on data provided by Serbia, WTO-IDB and ITC-Trademap. 
                                                      
21 The Serbian tariff consists of 9,975 tariff lines of which 9,561 (95.8%) have ad valorem rates of 
duty;  of the 414 lines with non ad valorem duties, 391 have compound rates, 1 has mixed rates of duty and 22 
have other duties.  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 11 
 
 
  32. Before the entry into force of the Agreement with  Norway (in 2011), 1.1% of total tariff lines 
were duty free on an MFN basis.  Following the entry into force of the Agreement, a further 58% of 
Serbia's tariff schedule corresponding to 51.1% of its imports in 2008-2010 became duty free for 
imports from Norway.  At the end of the transiti onal period for Serbia to fully implement its 
liberalization commitments (in 2014), 81.3% of Serb ia's tariff will be duty free, corresponding to 
99.4% of Serbia's imports from Norway.  The rema ining 1,861 tariff lines (18.7% of Serbia's tariff 
schedule) remain dutiable, corresponding to 0. 6% of Serbia's imports from Norway.   
Table III.1F: Serbia-Norway 
Tariff elimination commitments under the Ag reement and corresponding average trade 
Duty phase-out period Number of lines % of total lines in Serbia's 
tariff schedule Value of Serbia's imports from 
Norway 
 (2008-2010) 
in million US$ a % of Serbia's total 
imports from  
Norway 
2008-2010 
MFN duty free (2011) 108 1.1 4.7 31.7 
2011 5,785 58.0 7.5 51.1 
2013 1,350 13.5 1.5 10.0 
2014 871 8.7 1.0 6.6 
Remain dutiable 1,861 18.7 0.1 0.6 
Total 9,975 100.0 14.7 100.0 
 
a excludes imports beyond HS Chapter 99. 
 
Note: Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source :  WTO estimates based on data provided by Serbia, WTO-IDB and ITC-Trademap. 
 
3. Liberalization schedules 
(a) EFTA States  
(i) Iceland 
33. Table III.2 and Chart III.1 shows Iceland's trade liberalization commitments under the 
Agreement organized by product categories according to HS Section and HS Chapter.  Of the 
8,189 tariff lines in its tariff  5,749 lines were alr eady duty-free on an MFN b asis prior to entry into 
force of the Agreement in 2011.  The additional 1,929 lines liberalized by the Agreement can be 
found in most HS sections, with the exception of anim al or vegetable fats and oils.  The remaining 
511 tariff lines not subject to duty elimination fall under HS Sections I to IV.  The average tariff (only ad valorem components) on excluded lines ranges from 24.5% for prepared foods to 35.3% for 
vegetable products.  The corresponding averages accord ing to HS Chapter show that the highest 
preferential (and MFN) averages are found in Chap ters 10-12, 23 (55%) and 20 (50%)(Chart III.1).  
For most concerned products, the average preferen tial duty is identical to the average MFN duty, 
indicating that no concessions for the lines rema ining dutiable, were made under the Agreement.
22 
Table III.2 
Iceland: Tariff elimination unde r the Agreement, by HS section 
HS section and 
description  MFN 
average%  Total No of 
lines  MFN 2011  
(duty-free)  Number of 
duty-free lines 
2011 Remain 
Dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
I  8.2 664 482 7 175 29.8 
II  13.4 413 249 27 137 35.3 
III  0.0 101 97  4 - 
IV  9.5 1,042 553 294 195 24.5 
V  0.0 178 177 1   
VI  1.2 970 816 154   
VII  2.4 368 240 128   
VIII  5.4 123 25 98   
Table III.2 (Cont'd)
                                                      
22 Chapter 15 is subject to specific duties for which no ad valorem equivalents are available. WT/REG290/1 
Page 12  
 
  HS section and 
description  MFN 
average%  Total No of 
lines  MFN 2011  
(duty-free)  Number of 
duty-free lines 
2011 Remain 
Dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff  
(Dutiable)  
IX  1.9 216 156 60   
X. 2.1 189 138 51   
XI  5.1 904 552 352   
XII  12.5 73 7 66   
XIII  3.5 192 110 82   
XIV  3.0 61 43 18   
XV  1.2 688 586 102   
XVI  2.1 1,098 829 269   
XVII  0.7 466 431 35   
XVIII  0.1 233 230 3   
XIX  6.1 26 6 20   
XX  8.8 177 16 161   
XXI. 1.4 7 6 1   
Total 4.4 8,189 5,749 1,929 511 29.8 
 
- contain specific duties only. 
 Note: For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate rates are included. 
Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source : WTO estimates based on da ta provided by Iceland. 
 
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60020406071011121516181920212223Chart III.1
Iceland:  Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter
HS Chapter  
* HS chapter 15 contains specific duties only.
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by Iceland.Average rate of duty (%)
MFN Preferential
 
 
(ii) Norway 
34. Table III.3 and Chart III.2 show Norway's trade liberalization commitments under the 
Agreement organized respectively by product categor ies according to HS Section and HS Chapter.  
35. Table III.3 shows that of the 7,075 lines fo rming Norway's tariff schedule, 5,933 were 
duty-free on an MFN basis in 2011.  Of the additi onal 389 lines liberalized by the Agreement, the 
majority are textiles and textile products and th e remainder are agricultural goods.  The remaining 
753 tariff lines not subject to duty elimination are mo stly products falling under HS Sections I to IV 
and VI.  The average tariff (only ad valorem components) on excluded lines ranges from 13.8% for 
animal or vegetable fats and oils to 427.2% for live animals and animal products. This corresponds to 
average preferential tariffs ranging from 3% for Chap ter 13 up to 479% for Chapter 1, with especially 
high tariffs in Chapters 35 (337.1%), 12 (288%) a nd 4 (349.5%).  For most concerned products, the 
average preferential duty is identical to the average MFN duty.  However for products of  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 13 
 
 
  HS Chapters 15 (a preferential average of 13.8% instead of 15%) and 21(9.5% instead of 19%) the 
average preferential tariff is lower than the av erage MFN tariff on remaining dutiable products.  
Table III.3 
Norway: Tariff elimination under th e Agreement, by HS section  
HS section  MFN average%  Total No of lines  MFN 2011  Number of 
duty-free lines Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final Tariff a
 
(Dutiable)  2011 
I  8.0 448 263 5 180 427.2 
II  22.1 536 216 65 255 128.2 
III  5.8 122 49 5 68 13.8 
IV  2.8 442 163 48 231 68.7 
V  0.0 191 191    
VI  1.1 959 940  19 337.1 
VII  0.0 303 303    
VIII  0.0 90 90    
IX  0.0 173 173    
X. 0.0 175 175    
XI  2.8 939 673 266   
XII  0.0 64 64    
XIII  0.0 181 181    
XIV  0.0 54 54    
XV  0.0 665 665    
XVI  0.0 1,027 1,027    
XVII  0.0 215 215    
XVIII  0.0 273 273    
XIX  0.0 26 26    
XX  0.0 185 185    
XXI. 0.0 7 7    
Total 2.0 7,075 5,933 389 753 109.9 
 
- contain specific duties only. 
a – contains ad valorem  and specific duties. 
 
Note: Specific duties are excluded in the calculation of averages. 
 Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source : WTO estimates based on da ta provided by Norway. 
 
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 40001*0204*050607*08*10*1112131516*17*18*19*2021*222335*38Chart III.2
Norway:  Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter
HS Chapter  
* HS chapters 2; 5; 8; 10-11; 17-20; 22 and 38 contain specific duties only.
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by Norway.Average rate of duty (%)
MFN Preferential
 
 
(iii) Switzerland/Liechtenstein 
36. Given that most of Switzerland's tariff is composed of specific duties and no ad valorem 
equivalents were available to the Secretariat, the average tariff on excluded lines cannot be calculated.  
Likewise, a comparison with average MFN duties by  HS Chapter and HS Section for those lines 
which remain dutiable under the Agreement cannot be made. WT/REG290/1 
Page 14  
 
  37. Table III.4 shows Switzerland's trade libera lization commitments under the Agreement, 
organized by product categories according to HS Section.  Of the 8,082 tariff lines forming 
Switzerland's tariff schedule, 1,439 were already duty-free on an MFN basis in 2010.  The 5,388 tariff lines subject to full liberalization in 2010 fall under all HS Sections.  The remaining 1,255 tariff lines 
not subject to duty elimination are in HS Sections I to IV and VI. 
  
Table III.4 
Switzerland: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS section  
HS section  MFN 
average%  Total No 
of lines  MFN 2010  Number of duty-free lines Remain 
dutiable  Avg. Final Tariff  
(Dutiable)  2010 
I  ..  337 123 36 178 .. 
II  ..  948 170 156 622 ..
III  ..  189 40 77 72 ..
IV  ..  595 94 127 374 ..
V  ..  182 119 63   
VI  ..  1,015 409 597 9 ..
VII  ..  241 30 211   
VIII  ..  74 15 59   
IX  ..  130 14 116   
X. ..  181 24 157   
XI  ..  1,094 34 1,060   
XII  ..  61  61   
XIII  ..  160 2 158   
XIV  ..  61 7 54   
XV  ..  913 39 874   
XVI  ..  1,234 204 1,030   
XVII  ..  196 18 178   
XVIII  ..  257 55 202   
XIX  ..  28  28   
XX  ..  176 34 142   
XXI. ..  10 8 2   
Total .. 8,082 1439 5,388 1,255 .. 
 
.. Not available: the majority of Switzerland' s tariff is subject to specific duties for which ad valorem  equivalents are not 
 available. 
 
Note: Calculation excludes specific and products subject to in-quota duties at the MFN level. 
 Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source : WTO estimates based on data  provided by Switzerland. 
 
(b) Serbia 
38. The following Tables and Charts depict Serbia 's duties elimination under the Agreement, as 
well as remaining dutiable lines.  
39. In general, the pattern of liberalization is simi lar for all EFTA States with slight variations:  
Out of a total of 9,975 Serbian tariff lines, 108 tariff lines were already duty free on an MFN basis (both in 2010 and in 2011). At the end of the im plementation period (in 2014), the total number of 
additional duty free tariff lines applied by Serbia to imports from the EFTA States will be 8,038 (for 
Iceland and Switzerland), and 8,006 (for Norway).  The tariff lines subject to full liberalization in 
2014 (8,038 for Iceland and Switzerland; and 8,114 for Norway) fall under all HS Sections.  The 
remaining tariff lines not subject to duty elimination (1,829 for Iceland and Switzerland, and 1,861 for 
Norway) are essentially agricultural products contai ned in HS Sections I to IV with average 
preferential duties ranging from 7.7% to 20.7% for imports from Iceland, 6.8% to 19% for imports 
from Norway and 7.6% to 22.3% for imports from Switzerland.
  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 15 
 
 
  Table III.5 (Serbia - Iceland) 
Serbia: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS section 
HS section  MFN 
average%  Total No. of 
lines  Number of duty-free lines  No. of lines 
remaining 
dutiable  Avg. Final 
Tariff (Dutiable) 
% MFN 2011 2011 2013 2014 
I  17.0 818   160  199 459 20.7 
II  13.2 562   20   542 13.5 
III  6.8 124   23   101 7.7 
IV  21.5 827   55  45 727 19.7 
V  1.8 241  11 230     
VI  2.8 1,216  13 1,110 65 28   
VII  5.4 314   210 83 21   
VIII  6.6 152   89 37 26   
IX  3.5 227   186 28 13   
X 4.7 221   170 17 34   
XI  12.3 1,174  38 1,105 31    
XII  14.3 111   25 36 50   
XIII  9.4 266   115 90 61   
XIV 9.7 63   54 3 6   
XV  4.8 1,047  34 651 243 119   
XVI  5.4 1,669  1 1,056 461 151   
XVII  5.5 337  11 199 82 45   
XVIII  2.7 352   315 37    
XIX  24.1 27     27   
XX  9.6 220   44 130 46   
XXI  5.0 7    7    
Total 8.8 9,975 108 5,817 1,350 871 1,829 17.4 
 
Note: For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate rates are included. 
 Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source :   WTO estimates based on data provided by Serbia. 
 
Table III.6 (Serbia - Norway) 
Serbia: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS section 
HS section  MFN 
average%  Total No. of 
lines  Number of duty-free lines No. of lines 
remaining 
dutiable  Avg. Final Tariff 
(Dutiable) %  
MFN 2011  MFN 2011 2011 2013 2014 
I  17.0 818   141  199 478 19.0 
II  13.2 562   20   542 13.0 
III  6.8 124   16   108 6.8 
IV  21.5 827   49  45 733 18.9 
V  1.8 241  11 230     
VI  2.8 1,216  13 1,110 65 28   
VII  5.4 314   210 83 21   
VIII  6.6 152   89 37 26   
IX  3.5 227   186 28 13   
X 4.7 221   170 17 34   
XI  12.3 1,174  38 1,105 31    
XII  14.3 111   25 36 50   
XIII  9.4 266   115 90 61   
XIV 9.7 63   54 3 6   
XV  4.8 1,047  34 651 243 119   
XVI  5.4 1,669  1 1,056 461 151   
XVII  5.5 337  11 199 82 45   
XVIII  2.7 352   315 37    
XIX  24.1 27     27   
XX  9.6 220   44 130 46   
XXI  5.0 7    7    
Total 8.8 9,975 108 5,785 1,350 871 1,861 16.0 
 
Note: For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate rates are included. 
 Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source : WTO estimates based on da ta provided by Serbia. 
 
Table III.7 (Serbia - Switzerland/Liechtenstein) 
Serbia: Tariff elimination under the Agreement, by HS section 
HS section  MFN 
average%  Total No. of 
lines  Number of duty-free lines  No. of lines 
remaining 
dutiable  Avg. Final Tariff 
(Dutiable) 
% 
MFN 2010MFN 2010 2010 2011 2013 2014 
I  17.0 818   146   199 473 22.3 
II  13.2 562   33    529 12.8 
III  6.8 124   23    101 7.6 
IV  21.5 827   56   45 726 16.3 
V  1.8 241  11 201 29     
Table III.7 (Cont'd)WT/REG290/1 
Page 16  
 
  HS section  MFN 
average%  Total No. of 
lines  Number of duty-free lines  No. of lines 
remaining 
dutiable  Avg. Final Tariff 
(Dutiable) 
% 
MFN 2010MFN 2010 2010 2011 2013 2014 
VI  2.8 1,216  13 964 146 65 28   
VII  5.4 314   139 71 83 21   
VIII  6.6 152   86 3 37 26   
IX  3.5 227   168 18 28 13   
X 4.7 221   128 42 17 34   
XI  12.3 1,174  38 1,105  31    
XII  14.3 111    25 36 50   
XIII  9.4 266   56  59 90 61   
XIV 9.7 63   7 47 3 6   
XV  4.8 1,047  34 553 98 243 119   
XVI  5.4 1,669  1 927 129 461 151   
XVII  5.5 337  11 177 22 82 45   
XVIII  2.7 352   309 6 37    
XIX  24.1 27      27   
XX  9.6 220   6 38 130 46   
XXI  5.0 7     7    
Total 8.8 9,975 108 5,084 733 1,350 871 1,829 16.3 
 
Note: For tariff lines subject to TRQs, on ly the out-of-quota duty is included in the tariff-related calculations; for the calc ulation of 
averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate rates are included. 
 Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source : WTO estimates based on da ta provided by Serbia. 
 
40. Charts III.3, III.4 and III.5 compare, following the preferential elimination of customs duties 
in 2014, Serbia's average preferentia l rates with the MFN average rate s, by HS Chapter.  For around 
half of Chapters 1-24, the average preferential dut y is identical to the average MFN duty, indicating 
that no concessions on tariff lines in these HS Chapters23, were made under the Agreement. In 
Chapters where preferential rates are lower than the overall MFN average, the difference ranges from 
0.4 of a percentage point for HS 20 to 11.2 pe rcentage points for HS 21 for Iceland; from 0.4 
percentage point for HS 20 to 10.4 percentage points for HS 19 for Norway;  and from 0.2 of a 
percentage point for HS 15 to 10.4 percentage points for HS 19 for Switzerland. 
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35010203040506070809101112131415161718192021222324Chart III.3
Serbia:  Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter (Serbia-Iceland)
HS Chapter  
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by Serbia.Average rate of duty (%)
MFN Preferential
 
                                                      
23 In the case of Iceland: Chapters 1, 5, 6, 8, 10-16,  and 23; in the case of Norway: Chapters 1, 2, 5, 6, 
8, and 10-14; and in the case of Switzerland: Chapters 1, 5, 6, 10, and 12-14.  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 17 
 
 
  0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35010203040506070809101112131415161718192021222324Chart III.4
Serbia:  Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter (Serbia-Norway)
HS Chapter  
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by Serbia.Average rate of duty (%)
MFN Preferential
 
 
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35010203040506070809101112131415161718192021222324Chart III.5
Serbia:  Average of dutiable rates, by HS Chapter (Serbia-Switzerland)
HS Chapter  
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by Serbia.Average rate of duty (%)
MFN Preferential
 
 
4. Tariff rate quotas 
41. Under Annex 2 of their respective AAs w ith Serbia, Switzerland and Norway grant 
preferential tariff rate quotas for imports of so me products from Serbia.  Switzerland grants 
preferential tariff rate quotas for imports from Se rbia "within the limits of [MFN] tariff quota[s]" 
bound by Switzerland in its WTO Schedule of Tariff Concessions (List LIX).  TRQ commitments are 
implemented immediately upon entry into force of th e Agreement.  Norway gr ants for certain frozen 
meat of bovine animals originating in Serbia a 30% reduction of the in-quota duties bound by Norway under the WTO.  The levels of the year 2000 are us ed to determine the preference granted by Norway 
in relation with its WTO TRQ commitments. WT/REG290/1 
Page 18  
 
  42. Annex II (Tables AII.1 and AII.2) below summarizes Switzerland's and Norway's TRQ 
concessions granted to Serbia.  Serb ia has no TRQs under the Agreement. 
5. Import restrictions 
43. The Agreement confirms that the Parties' rights and obligations in respect of import 
restrictions are governed by Article XI of the GATT 1994, which is incorporated into and made part 
of the Agreement (Article 10). 
B. R
ULES OF ORIGIN  
44. Disciplines relating to rules of origin and custom s procedures are set out in Protocol B of the 
Agreement, with product specific rules cove red in Appendixes I and II of Protocol B.24  Article 1 of 
the Protocol contains a number of definitions for the purpose of the Protocol B. It, inter alia , defines 
"customs value" in accordance with  the WTO Agreement on the implementation of Article VII of the 
GATT.  
45. Articles 2 to 11 of Protocol B define "origina ting products" in an EFTA State or Serbia as 
products wholly obtained in an EFTA State or Serb ia or as products obtained in an EFTA State or 
Serbia incorporating materials which have not b een wholly obtained there, provided that such 
materials have undergone sufficient working or processi ng in an EFTA State or in Serbia.  In addition, 
goods originating in the European Economic Area (EEA ), within the meaning of Protocol 4 to the 
Agreement on the EEA25, are also to be considered as origina ting in an EFTA State, for the purpose of 
the Agreement.  Moreover, and provided the working or processing carried out in an EFTA State or in 
Serbia goes beyond operations defined by the Ag reement as insufficient working or processing 
(Article 7 of the Protocol), products  shall be considered as originating in an EFTA State or in Serbia if 
they are obtained there, incorporating materials originating in Iceland, Norway, 
Switzerland/Liechtenstein, Turkey, the EU, Serbia, any other country participating in the EU's 
Stabilisation and Association Process26, the Faroe Islands, or in any co untry which is a participant in 
the euro-Mediterranean partnership27 (Articles 3 and 4 of the Protocol).  The products originating in 
one of these countries, which do not undergo any working or processing in an EFTA State or in 
Serbia, retain their origin if exported to one of these countries . The cumulation provided for in 
Articles 3 and 4 of the Protocol may only be applied provided that (i) a preferential trade agreement in 
accordance with Article XXIV of the GATT 1994 is a pplicable between the countries involved in the 
acquisition of the originating status and the country of destination; (ii) materials and products have 
acquired originating status by application of rules of origin identical to those in Protocol B and; 
(iii) notices indicating the fulfilment of the necessa ry requirements to apply cumulation have been 
published in the Parties.  Cumulation applies from the date agreed by the parties concerned and 
indicated in the notice published in  their respective official gazettes.   The Parties shall provide each 
other, through the EFTA Secretariat, the details of the agreements, including their dates of entry into 
force and their rules of origin. The application of diagonal cumulation be tween Serbia, Albania, 
                                                      
24 Article 3 of each bilateral AA states  "the rule s of origin and the provisions on cooperation in 
customs matters set out in Protocol B to the Agreement shall apply to the bilateral Agreement on Agriculture , 
except as provided for in paragraph 2 of the AA ".  Paragraph 2 of each AA refers to the Annex of the Parties' 
bilateral tariff concessions. 
25 This text can be found at http://www.efta.int/legal-texts/eea/ protocols-to-the-agreement.aspx  . 
26 As defined in the conclusions of the (EU) General Affairs Council in April 1997 and the European 
Commission of 19 May 1999 on the establishment of th e Stabilisation and Association process with Western 
Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former  Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 
Montenegro, Serbia, and the United Nations Interim Mission in Kosovo). 
27 Appendix 5 to Protocol B lists the following countries as participating in the euro-Mediterranean 
partnership based on the Barcelona Declaration: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, PLO for the 
benefit of the Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia, and Turkey.  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 19 
 
 
  Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoni a, and the EFTA States started on 1 January 
2012.28 
46. Products not qualifying as wholly obtained are considered to be sufficiently worked or 
processed to qualify as originating, when the conditions set out in Appendix 2 to the Protocol29, are 
fulfilled. Appendix 2 sets out, for products covered by the Agreem ent, the working or processing 
which must be carried out on non-originating ma terials used in manufacturing and apply only in 
relation to such materials.  If a product that has acquired originating status by fulfilling these 
conditions is used in the manufacture of another pr oduct, the conditions applicable to the product in 
which it is incorporated do not apply to it, and no account shall be taken of the non-originating 
materials which may have been used in its manufacture.30  Such non-originating materials may 
nevertheless be used in the manufacture of a produc t provided that (i) their total value does not exceed 
10% of the ex-works price31 of the product, and (ii) any of the maximum values in Appendix 2 for 
non-originating materials are not exceeded through the application of the specific rules applicable to 
sufficiently worked or processed products (Article 6 of the Protocol). 
47. The basic approach followed in Appendix 2, fo r all covered HS Chapters, is that a good is 
considered originating if a non-originating material  used in its production  undergoes a change in 
HS tariff classification (CTC), either within the same  Chapter or from a specific Chapter, heading, or 
sub-heading to another (as specified in the Appendix).  
48. The CTC requirement is often supplemented by e ither an alternative criterion or an additional 
requirement, which either establishes a specific manu facturing operation, which confers originating 
status, or establishes the maximum value of non-orig inating materials allowed in the final product.  
Specific origin-conferring manufacturing operations are a pplicable (as an alternative to the CTC or as 
an additional requirement), inter alia , for a number of products or categories of products.32  I n  
addition, certain applicable "specific processes", c onferring originating status, are further described 
under Note 7 of Appendix 1 to Protocol B (Introductory Notes to List I Appendix 2). 
49. The maximum value of non-originating materials, which is also used as an alternative origin 
conferring criteria, is generally expressed as a percen tage of the transaction va lue or of the ex-works 
price of the product.33  The value-added rule is applicable, inter alia , for a large number of products 
and categories of products.34  In certain cases, the maximum value added permitted may differ for a 
change of classification within the same heading, an d for all the materials used for the production of a 
given product.  In such cases, the exporter may apply e ither rule.  This option is applicable for certain 
products or groups of products.35 
                                                      
28 For more information, see the Synoptic table on Euro-med contained in 
http://www.ezv.admin.ch/zollinfo_firmen/ab fertigungshilfen/00372/index.html?lang=eng .  
29 Appendix 2 must be read in conjunction with Appendix 1 to Protocol B, which contains introductory 
notes to the list contained in Appendix 2. 
30 This tolerance does not apply to products falling within HS Chapters 50 to 63. 
31 "ex-works price" means th e price paid for the product ex works to the manufacturer in Serbia or an 
EFTA State in whose undertaking the last working or processing is carried out, provided that the price includes 
the value of all the materials used, minus any internal taxes which are, or may be, repaid when the product obtained is exported. 
32 These products are contained in HS  Chapters 11, 25, 27, 29, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 50, 51, 52, 53, 
54, 55, 58, 59, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 78, 84, and 85. 
33 In a limited number of cases, it is however expressed in percentage of a volume (for certain liquids), 
or in percentage of a weight (for certain tobacco products). 
34 These products are contained in HS Chapters 4, 6, 8, 10, 13, 17, 18, 19,  21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28- 41, 
48-50, 57-59, 62, 63, 66, 70, 71, 73-76, and 78-96. 
35 These products are contained in HS Chapters 28-39, 84-87, 90, 91, and 94. WT/REG290/1 
Page 20  
 
  50. A tolerance or de minimis  rule applies to a number of textile products as well as some 
footwear products
36 and allows the use of non-originating ma terials, which would otherwise not be 
accepted in the production of an originating product,  provided that their total value does not exceed 
10% (for certain products 8%) of the transac tion value or ex-works price of the product.37 
51. Protocol B moreover contains provisions on the unit of qualification for the application of the 
Protocol's provisions (Article 8 of Protocol B) , Accessories, Spare Parts and Tools (Article 9 of 
Protocol B), Sets (Article 10 of Protocol B), a nd Neutral Elements - such as energy and fuel, and 
machines and tools (Article 11 of Protocol  B). Territorial requirements' regulations38 are also covered 
in Articles 12 through 14 of the Protocol.  
52. Non-originating materials used in the manufactur e of products originating in Serbia, in an 
EFTA State or in the other countries covered by th e cumulation provisions shall not be subject in 
Serbia or in an EFTA State to drawback of, or  exemption from, customs duties of whatever kind 
(Article 15 of Protocol B). 
53. Products benefit from the Agre ement upon submission of a proof of origin, which can be 
either a movement certificate EUR.139, a movement certificate EUR-MED40, or in certain specified 
cases, a declaration subsequently referred to as th e "invoice declaration" or the "invoice declaration 
EUR-MED", a delivery note or any other comme rcial document which describes the products 
concerned in sufficient details to  enable them to be identified41 (Article 16 of Protocol B).  Procedures 
related to the issuance of the above-mentioned proof  of origin and related-modalities are detailed in 
Articles 17 through 31 of Protocol B. 
54. Protocol B furthermore covers arrangements fo r administrative cooperation, including dispute 
settlement and Penalties (see below). 
55. A Sub-Committee on Rules of Origin, Customs Procedures and Trade Facilitation is also 
established under Article 15 of the Agreement who se mandate is further defined in Annex V.  
C. EXPORT DUTIES AND CHARGES , AND QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS  
56. The Agreement establishes that the Parties' rights and obligations in respect of export 
restrictions are governed by Article XI of the GATT 1994, which is incorporated into and made part 
of the Agreement (Article 10).  
D. REGULATORY PROVISION S ON TRADE IN GOODS  
1. Standards 
(a) Sanitary and phytosanitary measures 
57. Article 12 provides that the Parties’ rights a nd obligations with respect to sanitary and 
phytosanitary measures are governed  by the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and 
                                                      
36 These products are contained in part of HS Ch apters 50-63, as well as Chapters 30 and 65. 
37 See Notes 5 and 6 in Appendix 1 to Protocol B. 
38 Covering: Principle of Territoriality, Direct Transport, and Exhibitions. 
39 A specimen appears in Appendix 3a, attached to Protocol B. 
40 A specimen appears in Appendix 3b, attached to Protocol B. 
41 The texts of the invoice declaration appear in Appendices 4a and 4b, attached to Protocol B.  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 21 
 
 
  Phytosanitary Measures42. Contact points are established to facilitate communication and the 
exchange of information. 
(b) Technical barriers to trade 
58. The Agreement reaffirms the Parties' ex isting rights and obligations under the WTO 
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)43 with respect to technical regulations, standards 
and conformity assessments and aim to strengthen their cooperation in these fields (Article 13).  
2. Safeguard mechanisms 
(a) Global safeguards 
59. The Agreement confirms the Parties' rights an d obligations under Article XIX of the GATT 
1994 and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards. It also  establishes that, in taking measures under these 
WTO provision, a Party shall exclude imports of an originating product from one or several parties if 
such imports do not in and of themselves cause or th reaten to cause serious injury.  The Party taking a 
global (general) safeguard measures must demonstr ate that such exclusion is "in accordance with 
WTO rules and practice" (Article 20). 
(b) Bilateral safeguards 
60. Under Article 21, if, as the result of a reduction or elimination of a customs duty under the 
Agreement, a product originating in a Party is impor ted by another Party in such increased quantities, 
in absolute terms or relative to domestic production, and under su ch conditions as to constitute a 
substantial cause or threat of serious injury to a domestic industry of similar or directly competitive 
products, the importing Party may take bilateral safeg uard measures to the minimum extent necessary 
to remedy or prevent the injury subject to procedures in Article 21.2-10. 
61. The importing Party intending to take a bilatera l safeguard measure shall immediately (and in 
any case before taking the measure) notify the other Pa rties and the Joint Committee (see IV below).  
The notification shall include all pertinent info rmation, including clear evidence that increased 
imports have caused, or are threatening to cause, serious  injury.  The investigation is to be carried out 
in accordance with the procedures in the WTO Agreement on Safeguards.  Within 30 days of having 
received the notification about the intended measure , the Joint Committee shall facilitate a mutually 
acceptable resolution to the matter.  If no resoluti on is found, the importing Party may take emergency 
action and, in the absence of mutually agreed co mpensation, the Party against whose products the 
action is taken may take compensatory action.  Both must immediately notify these actions to the 
other Parties and the Joint Committee.  
62. The emergency action may take the form of an increased rate of import duty to a level that 
does not exceed the MFN duty applied when the saf eguard is taken, or on the day immediately 
preceding the date of entry into force of the Agre ement.  Emergency measures cannot be imposed for 
more than two years (extendable in exceptional ci rcumstances by a review of the Joint Committee to 
three years) and must not be applied to products that  have already been subject to such an action.  
Upon termination of the measure, the duty rate will b ecome that which it would have been without the 
measure.  The compensatory action shall normally consist of suspension of concessions that have 
substantially equivalent trade effects or concession s substantially equivalent  to the value of the 
                                                      
42 Pending Serbia becoming a full Member of the WTO, the WTO SPS Agreement shall be considered 
to be part of the Agreement and applies, mutatis mu tandis, to the Parties (Annex VII to the Agreement). 
43 Pending Serbia becoming a full Member of the WT O, the WTO TBT Agreement shall be considered 
to be part of the Agreement and applies, mutatis mu tandis, to the Parties (Annex VII to the Agreement). WT/REG290/1 
Page 22  
 
  additional duties expected to result from the safegua rd measure.  It shall be applied only for the 
minimum period necessary to achieve the substantially equivalent trade effects.  Both the bilateral 
safeguard measure and compensatory actions must  be established with a view to minimizing 
disturbance to the functioning of the Agreement. 
63. In critical circumstances, a Party may take a provisional safeguard measure, pursuant to a 
preliminary determination of clear evidence that increased imports constitute a substantial cause of 
serious injury, or a threat thereof, to the domestic industry.  Provisional measures shall be terminated 
within 200 days at the latest.  Any tariff increase sh all be promptly refunded if the investigation does 
not result in a finding that the necessary conditions are fulfilled.  
64. Five years after the entry into force of the Ag reement (2016), the Parties shall review whether 
there is a need to maintain the possibilit y to take bilateral safeguard measures. 
(c) Restrictions to safeguard the balance of payments 
65. Article 30 confirms the Parties’ rights and oblig ations within the framework of the GATT and 
in Articles VIII and XIV of the Statutes of the IM F. A Party making use of such possibility shall 
inform the other Parties immediately and shall pr ovide as soon as possible a timetable for the removal 
of BOP-related restrictive measures. 
3. Anti-dumping, countervailing measures, and subsidies 
66. Article 18 states that the Parties shall not apply anti-dumping measures as provided for under 
Article VI of the GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreemen t on Implementation of Ar ticle VI of the GATT 
1994 in relation to products originati ng in another Party.  The Parties also recognize that the effective 
implementation of competition rules may address economic causes leading to dumping.  Pending 
Serbia becoming a full Member of the WTO, Article VI of the GATT 1994 and the WTO Agreement 
on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 sha ll be considered to be part of the Agreement 
and apply, mutatis mutandis, to th e Parties. In addition, Serbia shall not apply an ti-dumping measures 
in relation to products originating in anot her Party (Annex VII to the Agreement). 
67. Disciplines on subsidies and countervailing measu res are contained in Article 17, under which 
the Parties' rights and obligations are govern ed by GATT 1994 Articles VI and XVI and the 
WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing M easures (SCM).  Pending Serbia becoming full 
Member of the WTO, GATT 1994 Articles VI and XVI and the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) shall be considered to  be part of the Agreement and apply, mutatis 
mutandis, to the Parties (Annex VII to the Agr eement).  The Parties considering initiating an 
investigation should notify the Party whose goods are subject to an investigation in writing.  Unlike 
Article 9.2 of the WTO Agreement on SCM, where th ere is no time limit within which consultations 
should be conducted, there is a 45 day period for co nsultations to find a mutually acceptable solution 
under the Agreement.  The consulta tions take place in the Joint Committee (see IV below) if a Party 
so requests. 
4. State Trading Enterprises 
68. The Agreement establishes that the Parties' right s and obligations in respect of state trading 
enterprises are governed by Article XVII of the GATT 1994 and the Understanding on the 
Interpretation of Article XVII of the GATT 1994, whic h are incorporated into and made part of the 
Agreement (Article 16).  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 23 
 
 
  5. Customs-related procedures and trade facilitation 
69. Arrangements for Administrative cooperation, par ticularly related to the administration of 
rules of origin, can be found in Article 7, which refe rs to the specific provisions contained in Protocol 
B to the Agreement (particularly in Articles 32 to 36 of the Protocol).  Specific provisions of Protocol B detail the administrative disciplines regarding proof of origin (Articles 16 to 31 of Protocol B
44), 
which takes the form of an origin declaration in this Agreement, are complemented by arrangements 
for administrative cooperation to be followed by the Parties’ customs authorities, in particular with 
respect to mutual assistance (Article 32 of Protocol B), the verification of proo fs of origin (Article 33 
of Protocol B), dispute settlement45 (Article 34 of Protocol B), pena lties (Article 35 of Protocol B), 
and Free Zones (Article 36 of Protocol B). 
70. Annex IV of the Agreement addresses Trade Fac ilitation.  It provid es a framework common 
to the Parties to simplify procedures for trade in goods and related services, and to promote cooperation among the Parties in order to enhan ce their participation in the development and 
implementation of international conventions an d recommendations on trade facilitation (objectives 
contained in Article 14 of the Ag reement).  Annex IV contains, inter alia , rules and Parties' 
commitments in relation with Transparency (Article  2 of Annex IV); Co-operation with a view to 
promote international standards and to ensure cons istency with multilateral instruments (Article 3 of 
Annex IV); Simplification of international trade pr ocedures through, for exam ple, the best possible 
use of information technology and the use of high sta ndards of public service (A rticle 5 of Annex IV); 
and Government controls based on ri sk management (Article 6 of Annex IV).  Parties shall also be 
able to issue, if requested, written advance rulings containing all necessary information with regard to 
tariff classification of a product, the applied duty- rate, or, where appropriate, the way the applied 
duty-rate for a product is calculated. Written advance rulings on the originating status of a product are 
also foreseen (Article 4 of Annex IV). The possib ility to a Party to negotiate mutual recognition of 
authorisation and security measures shall be afford ed, drawing on relevant in ternational standards and 
practices (Article 7 of Annex IV). Article 8 of An nex IV contains a best endeavour commitment by 
Parties to develop customs systems or procedures enabling exporters and importers to submit their 
customs declaration without being obliged to turn  to customs brokers. Annex IV also contains 
disciplines and clarifications on Fees and Charges and Consular transactions  (Article 9 and 10 of 
Annex IV), the right for importers , exporters and producers to have a right of administrative or 
judicial appeal (Article 11 of Annex IV), and the confidential treatment by the Parties of information 
covered by professional secrecy (Article 12 of Annex IV).  
71. A Sub-Committee on Rules of Origin, Customs Procedures and Trade Facilitation is 
established under Article 15 of the Agreement (see IV below).    
E. S
ECTOR -SPECIFIC PROVISIONS ON TRADE IN GOODS  
72. Other than discipline on agriculture, marine a nd fish products discussed above (III.A.2), there 
are no sector specific provisions on trade in goods. 
                                                      
44 See the details in the above section addressing rules of origin. 
45 When dispute arise in relation to the verificati on procedures which cannot be settled between the 
customs authorities, or which raise questions as to the inte rpretation of Protocol B, the matter shall be referred to 
the Joint Committee. WT/REG290/1 
Page 24  
 
  IV. GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT 
A. T
RANSPARENCY  
73. The Agreement incorporates transparency provi sions which provide, under Article 5, that 
laws, regulations, juridical decisions, administrativ e rulings of general app lication and the Parties 
international agreements that may affect the operati on of this Agreement must be either published or 
made publicly available.  The Pa rties shall promptly respond to sp ecific questions and provide, upon 
request, information to each other on these matters . Transparency provisions contained in WTO 
disciplines which are directly referred to and/or in corporated into and made part of the Agreement46 
are, as a consequence, also applicable to the Par ties. Moreover, provisions in the Agreement dealing 
specifically with bilateral safeguards, government  procurement, trade facilitation, and processed 
agricultural products also contain transparency obligations. 
B. CURRENT PAYMENTS AND CAPITAL MOVEMENTS  
74. Chapter 5 of the Agreement contains provisions  on Payments and Capital Movements.  The 
Parties undertake to allow all payments for current transactions to be made in a freely convertible 
currency (Article 28).  It is also understood that the right of an investor to freely transfer amounts in 
relation to his investment is without prejudice to any fiscal obligation such an investor may have 
(Article 31). The Parties also undertake to ensure  that capital for investments made in companies 
formed in accordance with their laws, as well as any returns stemming therefrom, and the amounts 
resulting from liquidations of investments are freely tr ansferable (Article 29). In that context, the 
Agreement foresees the holding of consultations be tween the Parties with a view to facilitating the 
movement of capital between them and to achieve co mplete liberalization of movement of capital as 
soon as conditions permit.  
C. EXCEPTIONS  
75. The Parties' rights and obligations in resp ect of general exceptions are governed by 
Article XX of the GATT 1994 (Article 22) and in r espect of security exceptions by Article XXI of the 
GATT 1944 (Article 23).  Both Articles are incorpor ated into and made part of the Agreement.  
D. ACCESSION AND WITHDRAWAL  
76. Any State, becoming a Member of the EFTA, ma y accede to the Agreement, subject to the 
approval by the Joint Committee and on terms and conditions to be agreed upon by the Parties 
(Article 42.1). Each Party may withdraw from the Agreement by providing written notification to the 
Depositary (Norway). If Serbia withdraws, the Agre ement ceases to exist on the date of withdrawal 
(Article 43.2). If one of the EFTA States wit hdraws from the Convention establishing the EFTA, it 
cease, on the same day, to be a Party to the Agreement (Article 43.3).  
E. GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT  
77. Article 27 contains the Parties' commitments to enhance their mutual understanding of their 
government procurement laws and regulations with a view to progressively liberalising their 
respective procurement markets on the basis of non- discrimination and reciprocity.  The Agreement 
establishes that if a Party grants to a non-Party, afte r the entry into force of the Agreement, additional 
benefits with regard to the access to its procuremen t markets, it shall agree to enter into negotiations 
with a view to extending these benefits to another Party on a reciprocal basis (Article 27.3).  
                                                      
46 For example, Articles XI, VI, VIII, XIV, XVI, XIX, XX, XI of the GATT 1994, the WTO 
Agreements on SCM, Antidumping, Safeguards, SPS, TB T, as well as the GATS and the TRIPS Agreement.   WT/REG290/1 
 Page 25 
 
 
  F. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS  
78. Chapter 3 and Annex VI of the Agreement addr ess protection of intellectual property.  It 
covers copyright, including computer programmes;  compilations of data and related rights;  
trademarks for goods and services;  geographical i ndications including appellations of origin for 
goods and indications of sources for services; industria l designs; patents; plant varieties;  topographies 
of integrated circuits as well as undisclosed informa tion (Article 1 of Annex VI of the Agreement). 
79. Article 24 of the Agreement restates nationa l and MFN treatments obligations, referring 
explicitly to Articles 3 to 5 of the WTO TRIPS Agre ement.  Annex VI (Article 2.1) reaffirms the 
Parties' obligations under other international agre ements in intellectual property rights and requires 
them to ratify or accede to agreements they are not party to (see Table IV.1) by 31 December 2010 
(Article 2.2). 
Table IV.1: Membership of internationa l agreements in intellectual property 
 WIPO Performances 
and Phonograms 
Treaty (WPPT) WIPO Copyright 
Treaty Geneva Act of 1999 of the Hague 
Agreement Concerning the 
International Registration of 
Industrial Designs International Convention 
for the protection of New 
Varieties of Plants (1978 or 
1991 UPOV Convention) 
Iceland Not party yet Not party yet In force (23 December 2003) In force (3 May 2006) 
Liechtenstein In force (30 April 2007) In force  
(30 April 2007) In force (23 December 2003) Not party yet 
Norway Not party yet Not party yet In force (17 June 2010) In force(13 September 1993) 
Switzerland In force (1 July 2008) In force  
(1 July 2008) In force (23 December 2003) In force (10 July 1977) 
Serbia In force (13 June 2003) In force 
(13 June 2003) In force (9 December 2009) Not party yet 
Source : WTO Secretariat based on information at http://www.wipo.int.  and at http://www.upov.int. 
 
80. The Parties agree to review, upon request of any Party, the IPR-related provisions with a view 
to further improving the level of protection they provide. 
81. In relation with trademarks47, which are covered by Article 3 of Annex VI, the Parties 
reaffirm the importance of, and are guided by the principles of the WI PO Joint Recommendation 
Concerning Provisions on the Protection of Well-Know n Marks, adopted in 1999 and the WIPO Joint 
Recommendation Concerning Provisions on the Protec tion of Marks and other Industrial Property 
Rights in Signs, on the Internet, adopted in 2001. 
82. For patents, which are covered by Article 4 of  Annex VI, the Parties shall ensure in their 
national laws adequate and effectiv e patent protection for inventions in all fields of technology, in 
accordance with the level of protection provided in  the European Patent Convention (EPC).  The 
Parties shall also ensure a compensatory term of protection for pharmaceuticals48 and plant protection 
products calculated from the expiry of the maximum 20 year term for patents for a period equal to that 
which elapsed between the dates of filing the appli cation and the authorization to market the product, 
reduced by five years.  Compensatory protection sha ll be provided for five years at most and granted 
conditionally.49 Without prejudice to any other bilatera l agreement between an EFTA State and 
                                                      
47 Article 3 covers any sign, or any combination of signs, capable of distinguishing the goods or 
services of one undertaking from those of other undertaking. Such signs, in particular words, including 
combinations of words, personal names, letters, numera ls, figurative elements, shapes of goods, sounds and 
combinations of colours as well as any combination of such signs, shall be eligible for registration as trademarks. 
48 A six months extension of the compensatory term  of protection for pharm aceuticals may be granted 
according to the national law of a Party. 
49 The applicable conditions are the following: (i) the product is protected by a patent in force;  
(ii) there has been an official marketing authorisation for the medicinal or plant protection product;  (iii) the WT/REG290/1 
Page 26  
 
  Serbia, the provision on a compensatory term of pr otection for pharmaceuticals and plant protection 
products shall take effect as soon as possible and in any event no later than 1 July 2013 (Article 14 of 
Annex VI). The Parties clarified that the provi sions of the Serbian Patent Law concerning a 
supplementary certificate are fully in compliance wi th corresponding provisions of the Annex VI of 
the Agreement (article 4(b) of Annex VI). With  regard to the application of these provisions, 
Article 178 of the Patent Law provides that the pr ovisions of the Law referred to a supplementary 
protection certificate shall apply from 1 July 2013, as provided by the transitional provision contained in Article 14 of Annex VI of the Agreement. 
83. Undisclosed information, which is covered by Ar ticle 5 of Annex VI, is to be protected in 
accordance with Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement.  In addition, the Parties shall prevent applicants 
for marketing approval for pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemical products from relying on, or 
referring to, undisclosed test data or other data submitted to the competent authority by the first 
applicant for a period counted from the date or marketing approval, of at least 8 years for pharmaceuticals and at least 10 years for agrochemical products.
50 
84. For designs, which are covered by Article 6 of Annex VI, and in comparison with Article 26.3 
of the TRIPS Agreement, which protects industria l designs for 10 years, the Agreement extends 
protection to 25 years in total.  A shorter peri od of protection may be provided for designs of 
component parts used for the repair of a product. 
85. The Parties shall provide adequate and eff ective protection for geographical indications51 
(GIs), and indications of source52 with regard to all products and services (Article 7 of Annex VI). 
Without prejudice to Article 23 of the TRIPS Agreemen t, the Parties shall provide the legal means for 
interested parties to prevent the use of a GIs or of  an indication of source for goods not originating in 
the place indicated by the designation in question, in a manner which misleads the public as to the 
geographical origin of those goods or whic h constitutes an act of unfair competition.53  S i m i l a r  
protection shall be provided for indications of sour ce for services.  Misleading use or registration of 
country names of a Party as trademarks, designs or as any other protected title shall also be prevented. 
Protection of armorial bearings, flags and other States or regional emblems of a Party shall be 
ensured, in accordance with the Pa rties' obligations under Article 6ter of the Paris Convention. 
86. Where the acquisition of an intellectual property ri ght is subject to the right being granted or 
registered, the Parties shall ensure that the procedur es for grant or registration are of the same level as 
that provided in the TRIPS Agreement54 (Article 8 of Annex VI).  The Parties shall provide for 
enforcement of intellectual property rights at the same level as that provided in the TRIPS 
Agreement55 (Article 9 of Annex VI). 
                                                                                                                                                                     
right conferred by the patent has been postponed by admi nistrative procedures regarding authorisation of market 
access, so that the effective use of the patent amounts to  less than 15 years; and (i v) the effective protection 
conferred by the patent and the compensatory protection shall together not exceed 15 years. 
50 Reliance on or reference to such data may be permitted: (a) where the right holder has consented; (b) 
where approval is sought for re-imported products that have already been approved before exportation; or (c) in 
order to avoid unnecessary duplication of tests of agrochemical products involving vertebrate animals, provided 
that the first applicant is adequately compensated. 
51 For the purpose of the Agreement, "geographical  indications" are indications, which identify goods 
as originating in the territory of a Party, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation 
or other characteristic of such goods is essentially attributable to their geographical origin. 
52 "Indications of source" are direct or indirect references to the geographical origin of goods or 
services. 
53 Within the meaning of Article 10bis of the Paris Convention. 
54 In particular in its Article 62. 
55 In particular in its Articles 41 to 61.  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 27 
 
 
  87. The Agreement also contains specific provisi ons on suspension of release by competent 
authorities (Article 10 of Annex VI), right of in spection (Article 11 of Annex VI), and liability 
declaration, security or equivalent assurance (Article 12 of Annex VI).  
88. Finally, co-operation in the fields of intellectua l property rights is emphasised in Article 13 of 
Annex VI. 
G. OTHERS  
1. Competition 
89. Applicable to activities of public undertakings and undertakings for which the Parties grant 
special or exclusive rights56, the following practices are incompa tible with the proper functioning of 
the Agreement insofar as they may affect trade betw een Serbia and an EFTA State:  (a) all agreement 
between undertakings, decisions by associations of  undertakings and concerted practices between 
undertakings which have as their object or effect  the prevention, restriction or distortion of 
competition;  and (b) abuse by one or more undertak ings of a dominant position in the territory of a 
party as a whole or in a substantial part thereof (A rticle 19). A Party may raise a related case to the 
Joint Committee for examination. In case the matter is  not satisfactorily addressed, an affected Party 
may adopt appropriate measures to deal with th e difficulties resulting from a practice incompatible 
with the provisions of the Agreemen t on competition concerning undertakings. 
2. Services and Investments 
90. Article 25 contains a best endeavour commitment to provide in the Parties' territories stable, 
equitable and transparent investment conditions for investors of the other Parties that are making or 
seeking to make investments in their territori es. The Parties identify areas for co-operation57 with a 
view to promoting investment and technology fl ows as a means for achieving economic growth and 
development. Issues related to investment, including  the right of establishment of investors of one 
Party in the territory of another Party, shall be reviewed in the Joint Committee no later than five 
years after the entry into force of the Agreem ent (2016). Moreover, all Parties, except Norway58, 
commit to refrain from arbitrary or discriminatory  measures regarding investments by investors of 
another Party and shall observe any obligation they  have entered into with regard to a specific 
investment by an investor of another Party (Article 25.5).  
91. With respect to trade in Services, the Parties shall aim at achieving gradual liberalization and 
the opening of their markets for trade in services, in accordance with the pr ovisions of the GATS and 
taking into account on-going work under the auspices of  the WTO (Article 26.1).  If a Party grants to 
a non-Party, after the entry into force of the Agr eement, additional access to its services markets, it 
shall afford adequate opportunities fo r negotiations with a view to ex tending these benefits to another 
Party on a reciprocal basis (Article 26.2).  The Agreement foresees a review with a view to establishing an agreement on liberalization of trad e services in accordance with Article V of the 
GATS. 
                                                      
56 Insofar as the application of these provisions does not  obstruct the performance,  in law or in fact, of 
the particular public tasks assigned to the public undertakings. 
57 Co-operation is emphasized in: (a) appropriate m eans of identifying investment opportunities and 
information channels on investment regulations; (b) exchange of information on measures to promote 
investment abroad; and (c) the furthering of a legal environment conductive to increased investment flows. 
58 A Declaration by Norway, attached to the Agreemen t, clarifies that "Norway, for the time being, 
does not conclude international agreements on investment protection". WT/REG290/1 
Page 28  
 
  H. I
NSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK  
92. Institutional provisions are laid down in Article 32.  The body responsible for the supervision 
and review of the implementation of the Agreem ent is the Serbia-EFTA Joint Committee, within 
which each Party is represented.  The Committee is  to keep under review the possibility of removing 
further obstacles to trade between the Parties, to ove rsee the further development of the Agreement, to 
supervise the work of all sub-committees and work ing groups established under the Agreement, to 
endeavour to resolve disputes that may arise rega rding the interpretation or application of the 
Agreement, to oversee the implementation of Tran sparency-related provisions, and to consider any 
other matter that may affect the operation of the Ag reement.  The Joint Committee acts by consensus, 
establishes its own rules and procedures and may set  up subcommittees and working groups to assist 
it in its functions.  It meets annually and additionall y, at the request of any Party. The Joint Committee 
has not yet met since the entry into force of the Agreement. Its first meeting is planned to take place in 
autumn 2012. 
93. A Sub-Committee on Rules of Origin, Customs Procedures and Trade Facilitation is 
established (Article 15) with reference to Article 7 and Protocol B (rules of origin), to Article 14 and 
Annex IV (Trade facilitation), to Ar ticles 6, 8, 9, and 10 (customs duties and quantitative restrictions). 
The mandate of the Sub-Committee is set out in A nnex V of the Agreement.  Through exchange of 
information, review of developmen ts, preparation of the Parties co ordinated positions, and preparation 
of technical amendments, the Sub-Committee assists the Joint Committee regarding matters related to 
rules of origin, trade facilitation, and other customs matters.  
I. DISPUTE SETTLEMENT  
94.  Chapter 7 of the Agreement sets out the provisi ons that apply to dispute settlement between 
one or several EFTA States and Serbia, although Pa rties are encouraged to make every attempt 
through co-operation and consulta tions to arrive at a mutually satisfactory solution.   
95. Under Article 33 consultations may be requested in writing by any Party.  The consultations 
which shall take place in the Joint Committee must be  held within 20 days of the receipt of a written 
notification.  If the Party to which a request for cons ultations is made does not reply within 10 days or 
does not enter into consultations within 20 days af ter receipt of the requesting, the party making the 
request is entitled to request the establishment of an arbitration panel.  
96. The rules for the establishment and functioning of the arbitral panel are laid down in 
Article 34, and include, inter alia , the qualifications and procedures for the selection of the panellists, 
the terms of reference and the rules fo r the issuance of an arbitral award.59  The award of the 
arbitration panel shall be final and binding upon the Parties to the dispute. 
97. Article 35 defines the process for the implementa tion of the arbitral award and the resolution 
of the dispute. It contains provisions for the review , by the arbitration panel, of the implementation of 
the arbitral award or lack thereof and on the susp ension of benefits granted by the Agreement that 
may be sought by the complaining Party.   
98. The Dispute Settlement mechanism established in the Agreement is also applicable to dispute 
related to the bilateral AAs. It however is not applicable in dispute cases related to SPS, TBT, 
Subsidies and countervailing measures, and global safeguard measures, where the WTO 
Understanding on Rules and Procedur es Governing the Settlement of Disputes may be applicable 
                                                      
59 Unless otherwise specified in the Agreement or agreed between the Parties to the dispute, the 
Optional Rules for Arbitrating Disputes between Two St ates of the Permanent Cour t of Arbitration (PCA), 
effective 20 October 1992, shall apply.  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 29 
 
 
  (Non-Application; See Article 36 of the Agreem ent). The Non-Application provision is however 
suspended until Serbia becomes a full Member of the WTO (Annex VII). 
99. The procedures for the settlement of a dis pute under the Agreement are summarized in 
Chart IV.1 below.  
Chart IV.1 - Synopsis of Dispute Settlement Provisions under the Agreement 
 
 
 
J. RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED BY THE PARTIES  
100. In the Preamble of the Agreement, the Parti es consider that "no provision of the Agreement 
may be interpreted as exempting the Parties from their obligations under other international 
agreements, especially the Marrakech Agreement establishing the WTO and the other agreements 
negotiated thereunder". Moreover, Article 41 of the Agreement states that "the provisions of the 
Agreement shall be without prejudice to the ri ghts and obligations of the Parties under the 
WTO Agreement and the other agreem ents negotiated thereunder, to which they are a party, and any 
other international agreement, to which they ar e a party". The Agreement shall not preclude the 
maintenance or establishment of customs, free trade areas, arrangements for frontier trade and other 
preferential agreements insofar as they do not ha ve the effect of altering the trade arrangements 
provided for in the Agreement (Article 41.2). When a Party enters into a customs union of free trade 
agreement with a third party it shall, upon request, be  prepared to enter into consultations with the 
requesting Party (Article 41.3). 
101. Table IV.2 lists the regional trade agreemen ts (RTAs), notified to the GATT/WTO and in 
force, to which the EFTA States and Serbia are parties. 
 
  
 
  
 Written request for consultations 
(Article 33) 
Other Parties may join 
consultations  
Consultation 
(Article 33) 
Written request to establish an 
Arbitral tribunal   
(Article 34) 
Issuance of arbitral panel's 
award   
(Article 34) 
Implementation of award 
as agreed by the Parties (Article 35.1)  Non-implementation of award 
Complaining Party requests resolution 
by the panel (Article 35.4) 
Issuance of arbitral panel's award  
(Article 35.4) 
Compensation/suspension of benefits 
by Complaining Party  
(Article 35.3) 
Review of suspension of benefits  
By Panel, upon request (Article 35.4) 
Issuance of Arbitral panel's ruling 
(Article 35.4) WT/REG290/1 
Page 30  
 
  Table IV.2:  EFTA States and Serbia:  Participation in other RTAs (notified and non-notified in force), as of 1 June 2012  
Partner / Agreement Date of entry  
into force Type of 
agreement GATT/WTO Notification 
Year WTO Provision 
EFTA  STATES  - COLLECTIVELY 
Peru 01.07.11 
(Switzerland/Liechtenstein); 
01.10.2011 (Iceland);  pending for Norway Goods 2011 GATT Art. XXIV 
Colombia 01.07.11 
(Switzerland/Liechtenstein); pending for Iceland and 
Norway Goods & Services 2011 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V
Albania 01.11.10 Goods 2011 GATT Art. XXIV 
Canada 01.07.09 Goods 2009 GATT Art. XXIV 
SACU 01.05.08 Goods 2008 GATT Art. XXIV 
Egypt 01.08.07 Goods 2007 GATT Art. XXIV 
Lebanon 01.01.07 Goods 2006 GATT Art. XXIV 
Republic of Korea 01.09.06 Goods & Services 2006 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V
Tunisia 01.06.05 Goods 2005 GATT Art. XXIV 
Chile 01.12.04 Goods & Services 2004 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V
Singapore 01.01.03 Goods & Services 2003 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V
Croatia 01.01.02 Goods 2002 GATT Art. XXIV 
Jordan 01.01.02 Goods 2002 GATT Art. XXIV 
Mexico 01.07.01 Goods & Services 2001 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V
FYROM 01.01.01 Goods 2000 GATT Art. XXIV 
Morocco 01.12.99 Goods 2000 GATT Art. XXIV 
Palestinian Authority 01.07.99 Goods 1999 GATT Art. XXIV 
Israel 01.01.93 Goods 1992 GATT Art. XXIV 
Turkey 01.04.92 Goods 1992 GATT Art. XXIV 
Iceland (EFTA Accession) 01.03.70 Goods 1970 GATT Art. XXIV 
EFTA 03.05.60 
01.06.02 Goods 
Services 1959 
2002 GATT Art. XXIV 
GATS Art. V 
INDIVIDUAL  EFTA  STATES 
Japan - Switzerland 01.09.09 Goods & Servi ces 2009 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V
Iceland – Faroe Islands 01.11.06 Goods & Serv ices 2008 GATT Art. XXIV & GATS Art. V
Faroe Islands – 
Switzerland 01.03.95 Goods 1996 GATT Art. XXIV 
EEA 01.01.94 Services 1996 GATS Art. V 
Faroe Islands – Norway 01.07.93 Goods 1996 GATT Art. XXIV 
EU-Norway 01.07.73 Goods 1973 GATT Art. XXIV 
EU-Iceland 01.04.73 Goods 1972 GATT Art. XXIV 
EU-Switzerland and 
Liechtenstein 01.01.73 Goods 1972 GATT Art. XXIV 
SERBIA 
Turkey 01.09.10 Goods 2010 GATT Art. XXIV 
CEFTA 01.05.07 Goods 2007 GATT Art. XXIV 
EU 01.02.10 Goods 2010 GATT Art. XXIV 
PTN 11.02.73 Goods 1971 Enabling Clause 
Source: WTO Secretariat. 
SACU: Southern African Customs Uni on.  EEA: European Economic Area. 
FYROM: Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.  CEFTA: Central European  Free Trade Agreement. 
PTN: Protocol on Trade Negotiations.  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 31 
 
 
  ANNEX I 
 
1. Indicators of Trade Liberalization under the Agreement and AAs 
 
1. Comparisons between the scheduled elimination of tariffs applied to the Parties' mutual 
imports and the duty rates applied by Parties to MFN imports are shown in Tables AI.1 to AI.4, 
according to agricultural, non-agricultural and tota l products.  Applied MFN duty rates in 2010, for 
Serbia-Switzerland/Liechtenstein, a nd in 2011, for Serbia-Iceland and Serbia-Norway, serve as a basis 
for the comparisons. 
(a) EFTA States 
2. Iceland's average applied MFN rate in 2011 was 4.4% with 70.2% of all tariff lines free of 
duty.  The average applied tariff on agricultural products (11.3%) was roughly 5 times higher than 
that applied to non-agricultural products (2.4%) .  Under the Agreement, Serbian exporters benefit 
from an absolute preference margin  of 3.5% for agricultural goods vis-à-vis the prevailing average 
MFN tariff in 2011, and 2.4% for non-agricultura l goods.  Overall, Serbian exporters enjoy an 
absolute preference margin of 2.7% over the aver age applied MFN tariff, as well as a 23.6% increase 
to 93.8% in the share of Iceland's duty-free lines, although 71.8% of tariff lines for agricultural goods are duty-free under the Agreement, as compared to 100% for non-agricultural products. 
Table AI.1 
Iceland: Indicators of MFN tariff rates a nd preferential rates for imports from Serbia 
Origin of 
goods Year ALL PRODUCTS Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products 
Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2011 4.4 14.9 70.2 11.3 26.4 55.5 2.4 9.5 74.3 
Serbia 2011 1.7 29.8 93.8 7.8 29.8 71.8 0.0 0.0 100.0 
 
a WTO Definition. Note: For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate rates are included. 
 Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates based on data provided by Iceland. 
 
3. Norway's average applied MFN rate in 2011 was 2%.  The average applied tariff on 
agricultural products (16.78%) was roughly 36 times  higher than that applied to non-agricultural 
products (0.46%) and 83.86% of all tariff lines we re duty free.  Under the Agreement, Serbian 
exporters benefit from an absolute preferen ce margin of 2.92% for agricultural goods vis-à-vis the 
prevailing average MFN tariff in 2011, and 0.46% for non-agricultural goods.  Overall, Serbian exporters enjoy an absolute preference margin of  0.49% over the average applied MFN tariff.  The 
Agreement increased the share of duty free tariff lines for Serbian exporters by 5.5% to 89.36%, 
although only 44.79% of tariff lines for agricu ltural goods are duty-free under the Agreement, 
compared to 99.98% for non-agricultural products. 
 
  
 
   WT/REG290/1 
Page 32  
 
  Table AI.2 
Norway: Indicators of MFN ta riff rates and preferential rates for imports from Serbia 
Origin of 
goods Year ALL PRODUCTS Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products 
Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2011 2.00 34.27 83.86 16.78 97.54 36.05 0.46 9.92 95.23 
Serbia 2011 1.51 109.92 89.36 13.86 109.92 44.79 0.00 0.00 99.98 
 
a WTO Definition. 
 
Note: Specific duties are excluded in the calculation of averages. 
 Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates based on data provided by Norway. 
 
4. As the majority of tariff lines in Switzerland's MFN tariff consist of specific duties, a similar 
analysis as presented above is not possible.  However, table AI.3 shows that, as of entry into force of 
the Agreement (2010), Serbian expor ters benefited from 84.47% of Switzerland's tariff schedule being 
duty free as compared to 17.80% on an MFN basis.  The share of duty free lines on industrial goods 
increased to 99.97% from 17.48% on an MFN basis a nd to 37.13% on agricultural goods compared to 
18.01% on an MFN basis. 
Table AI.3 
Switzerland: Indicators of MFN tariff rates a nd preferential rates for imports from Serbia 
Origin of 
goods Year ALL PRODUCTS Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products 
Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff lines 
(%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2010 n.a. n.a. 17.80 n.a. n.a. 18.01 n.a. n.a. 17.48 
Serbia 2010 n.a. n.a. 84.47 n.a. n.a. 37.13 n.a. n.a. 99.97 
 
a WTO Definition. 
 
n.a.  Not available:  the majority of Switzerla nd's tariff is subject to specific duties for which ad valorem  equivalents are not available. 
Note: Calculation excludes specific and tariff lines  subject to in-quota duties at the MFN level. 
 Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates based on data provided by Switzerland. 
 
(b) Serbia 
5. In 2010 and 2011, when the Agreement entered into force with Switzerland/Liechtenstein, 
and Norway and Iceland, Serbia's average applie d MFN rate was 8.8%.  The average MFN applied 
tariff on agricultural products (17.7%) was more than  twice that applied to non-agricultural products 
(6.4%) and only 1.1% of all tariff lines were MFN duty free.   
6. At the end of the implementation period (2014), Sw iss exporters will benefit from an absolute 
preference margin of 3.4% for agricultural goods vis-à-vis the prevailing average MFN tariff, and 
6.4% for non-agricultural goods, which are almost fu lly liberalized under the agreement.  Icelandic 
exporters will benefit from an absolute prefer ence margin of 0.5% for agricultural goods vis-à-vis the 
prevailing average MFN tariff, and 6.4% for non-agricultural goods, which are almost fully 
liberalized under the agreement.  Both Switzerland and Iceland benefit from an increase by 80.6% of 
the share of duty-free tariff lines for their exporters to a total share of 81.7% (12.2% for agricultural 
products and 99.9% for non-agricultural products).   Norwegian exporters will benefit from an 
absolute preference margin of 2.1% for agricultural goods vis-à-vis the prevailing average MFN tariff, 
and 6.4% for non-agricultural goods, which are almost  fully liberalized under the agreement. Norway  WT/REG290/1 
 Page 33 
 
 
  benefits from an increase by 80.2% of the share of  duty-free tariff lines for its exporters to a total 
share of 81.3% (11% for agricultural produc ts and 99.9% for non-agricultural products). 
Table AI.4 
Serbia: Indicators of MFN tariff  rates and preferential rates for imports from EFTA states 
Origin of 
goods Year ALL PRODUCTS Agricultural products a Non-agricultural products 
Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Average applied 
tariff Share of 
duty-free 
tariff 
lines (%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) Overall 
(%) On 
dutiable 
(%) 
MFN 2010/
2011 8.8 8.8 1.1 17.7 17.9 1.3 6.4 6.5 0.9 
Switzerland 2010 4.8 10.0 52.1 14.3 16.3 12.2 2.3 6.1 62.3 
 2011 4.2 10.3 59.4 14.3 16.3 12.2 1.5 5.4 71.7 
 2012 3.7 9.2 59.4 14.3 16.3 12.2 1.0 3.4 71.7 
 2013 3.2 12.0 72.9 14.3 16.3 12.2 0.3 2.9 88.9 
 2014 3.0 16.3 81.7 14.3 16.3 12.2 0.0 22.0 99.9 
Iceland 2011 4.4 10.8 59.4 15.3 17.4 12.2 1.5 5.4 71.7 
 2012 3.9 9.7 59.4 15.3 17.4 12.2 1.0 3.4 71.7 
 2013 3.4 12.7 72.9 15.3 17.4 12.2 0.3 2.9 88.9 
 2014 3.2 17.4 81.7 15.3 17.4 12.2 0.0 22.0 99.9 
Norway 2011 4.5 10.9 59.1 15.6 17.6 11.0 1.5 5.4 71.6 
 2012 4.0 9.8 59.1 15.6 17.6 11.0 1.0 3.4 71.6 
 2013 3.5 12.8 72.6 15.6 17.6 11.0 0.3 2.9 88.8 
 2014 3.3 17.5 81.3 15.6 17.6 11.0 0.0 7.4 99.9 
 
a WTO Definition. 
 
Note: For the calculation of averages, specific rates are excluded and the ad valorem  parts of alternate rates are included. 
 In the case of Serbia-Switzerland, for tariff lines subject to  TRQs, only the out-of-quota duty is included in the tariff-rela ted 
calculations. 
 Based on the HS 2007 nomenclature. 
 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates based on data provided by Serbia. 
 
2. Indicators of improvement of market access conditions 
(a) EFTA market 
7. Table AI.5 shows the market access conditions in Iceland for Serbia's top 25 exports, which in 
2008-2010 accounted for 30.9% of its global exports.  Forty-nine lines were already duty-free on an 
MFN basis.  Sixteen out of the seventeen tariff lin es (accounting for 11.1% of Serbia's share in global 
exports) which were dutiable became duty-free upon entr y into force of the Agreement.  Thus all but 
one (certain cereals; Serbia's top export to Iceland), of the top 25 Serbian exports to Iceland were 
given duty free access immediatel y as a result of the Agreement. 
Table AI.5 – Iceland: Market access opportunities under the agreement for Serbia's top 25 exports to the world 
Serbia's top export products in 2008-2010  Access Conditions to Iceland's import markets
MFN (2011)
Duty-free 
in 2011 
Remain 
Dutiable HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%)Average 
MFN applied 
rate 
(%)No. of tariff lines 
Duty-
free Dutiable 
100590 - Other cereals 2.3 27.5 1 1  1 
081120 - Raspberries, blackberries, mulberries, 
loganberries, black, white or red currants and 
gooseberries 2.1 0.0 2    
271600 Electrical energy. (optional heading) 2.0 0.0 1    
721012 -- Of a thickness of less than 0.5 mm 1.8 0.0 1    
401110 - Of a kind used on motor cars (including station 
wagons and racing cars) 1.7 10.0  1 1  
Table AI.5 (Cont'd)WT/REG290/1 
Page 34  
 
  Serbia's top export products in 2008-2010  Access Conditions to Iceland's import markets
MFN (2011)
Duty-free 
in 2011 
Remain 
Dutiable HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%)Average 
MFN applied 
rate 
(%)No. of tariff lines 
Duty-
free Dutiable 
720837 -- Of a thickness of 4.75 mm or more but not 
exceeding 10 mm 1.7 0.0 1    
170199 -- Other 1.6 0.0 8    
850300 Parts suitable for use solely or principally with 
the machines of heading 85.01 or 85.02. 1.4 0.0 1    
300490 - Other 1.3 4.0 4 1 1  
611521 -- Of synthetic fibres, measuring per single yarn 
less than 67 decitex 1.2 15.0  1 1  
760612 -- Of aluminium alloys 1.2 0.0 2    
391810 - Of polymers of vinyl chloride 1.2 5.0  2 2  
720449 -- Other 1.1 0.0 1    
740911 -- In coils 1.1 0.0 1    
271019 -- Other 1.0 0.6 8 1 1  
481159 -- Other 1.0 1.7 2 1 1  
640610 - Uppers and parts thereof, ot her than stiffeners 0.9 0.0 1    
720839 -- Of a thickness of less than 3 mm 0.9 0.0 1    
741110 - Of refined copper 0.9 0.0 1    
854430 - Ignition wiring sets and other wiring sets of a 
kind used in vehicles, aircraft or ships 0.9 0.0 1    
720838 -- Of a thickness of 3 mm or more but less than 
4.75 mm 0.8 0.0 1    
390120 - Polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 
or more 0.8 0.0 2    
720852 -- Of a thickness of 4.75 mm or more but not 
exceeding 10 mm 0.7 0.0 1    
220300 Beer made from malt. 0.7 10.0 7 7 7  
852872 -- Other, colour 0.7 5.0 1 2 2  
Total of above 30.9  49 17 16 1 
 
Source : WTO estimates based on data provided by  Iceland and UNSD, Comtrade database. 
 
8. Table AI.6 shows the market access conditions in  Norway for Serbia's top 25 exports, which 
in 2008-2010 accounted for 30.9% of its global exports .  Fifty-nine tariff lines were already duty-free 
on an MFN basis before entry into force of the Agreement.  Out of the remaining 13 tariff lines 
completing Serbia's top 25 exports, six remain dutiable after the implementation of Norway's 
commitments (certain cereals and frozen fruits, as well as sugar).   
Table AI.6 – Norway: Market access o pportunities under the agreement for S erbia's top 25 exports to the world 
Serbia's top export products in 2008-2010  Access Conditions to Norway's import markets
MFN (2011)
Duty-free in 
2011 
Remain 
Dutiable  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%)No. of tariff lines  
Duty-
free Dutiable 
100590 - Other 2.3 0.0 a 1 1  1 
081120 - Raspberries, blackberries, mulberries, 
loganberries, black, white or red currants and 
gooseberries 2.1 -  4  4 
271600 Electrical energy. (optional heading) 2.0 0.0 1    
721012 -- Of a thickness of less than 0.5 mm 1.8 0.0 1    
401110 - Of a kind used on motor cars (including 
station wagons and racing cars) 1.7 0.0 1    
720837 -- Of a thickness of 4.75 mm or more but not 
exceeding 10 mm 1.7 0.0 1    
170199 -- Other 1.6 0.0a 3 1  1 
850300 Parts suitable for use solely or principally with 
the machines of heading 85.01 or 85.02. 1.4 0.0 1    
300490 - Other 1.3 0.0 2    
611521 -- Of synthetic fibr es, measuring per single 
yarn less than 67 decitex 1.2 8.3  2 2  
Table AI.6 (Cont'd) WT/REG290/1 
 Page 35 
 
 
  Serbia's top export products in 2008-2010  Access Conditions to Norway's import markets
MFN (2011)
Duty-free in 
2011 
Remain 
Dutiable  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate 
(%)No. of tariff lines  
Duty-
free Dutiable 
760612 -- Of aluminium alloys 1.2 0.0 2    
391810 - Of polymers of vinyl chloride 1.2 0.0 2    
720449 -- Other 1.1 0.0 1    
740911 -- In coils 1.1 0.0 1    
271019 -- Other 1.0 0.0 20    
481159 -- Other 1.0 0.0 1    
640610 - Uppers and parts thereof, ot her than stiffeners 0.9 0.0 2    
720839 -- Of a thickness of less than 3 mm 0.9 0.0 1    
741110 - Of refined copper 0.9 0.0 3    
854430 - Ignition wiring sets and other wiring sets of a 
kind used in vehicles, aircraft or ships 0.9 0.0 1    
720838 -- Of a thickness of 3 mm or more but less than 
4.75 mm 0.8 0.0 1    
390120 - Polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 
or more 0.8 0.0 2    
720852 -- Of a thickness of 4.75 mm or more but not 
exceeding 10 mm 0.7 0.0 1    
220300 Beer made from malt. 0.7 -  5 5  
852872 -- Other, colour 0.7 0.0 10    
Total of above 30.9  59 13 7 6 
 
a combination of specific duty and duty-free 
- Specific duty 
 
Source : WTO estimates based on data provided by  Norway and UNSD, Comtrade database. 
 
9. Table AI.7 shows the market access conditions in Switzerland for Serbia's top 25 exports, 
which in 2007-2009 accounted for 30.2% of its global exports.  Fifteen tariff lines were already duty-free on an MFN basis before entry into force of the Agreement. Out of the remaining 41 tariff 
lines completing Serbia's top 25 exports, 7 remain dutiable after the implementation of Switzerland's 
commitments (certain cereals and frozen fruits, as well as sugar). 
Table AI.7 – Switzerland: Market acce ss opportunities under the agreement for Serbia's top 25 exports to the world 
Serbia's top export products in 2007-2009  Access Conditions to Switzerland's import markets
MFN (2010)
Duty-free 
in 2010  
Remain 
Dutiable  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate(%)  No. of tariff lines  
Duty-
free Dutiable 
081120 - Raspberries, blackberries, mulberries, 
loganberries, black, white or red currants and 
gooseberries 2.1 …  2  2 
721012 -- Of a thickness of less than 0.5 mm 1.9 …  1 1  
401110 - Of a kind used on motor cars (including 
station wagons and racing cars) 1.7 …  1 1  
720837 -- Of a thickness of 4.75 mm or more but not 
exceeding 10 mm 1.7 …  1 1  
271600 Electrical energy. (optional heading) 1.6 0.0 1    
850300 Parts suitable for use solely or principally with 
the machines of heading 85.01 or 85.02. 1.6 …  6 6  
170199 -- Other 1.6 0.0a 1 1  1 
100590 - Other 1.5 0.0a 1 4  4 
760612 -- Of aluminium alloys 1.4 …  1 1  
391810 - Of polymers of vinyl chloride 1.3 …  1 1  
390120 - Polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 
or more 0.9 0.0 1    
720838 -- Of a thickness of 3 mm or more but less than 
4.75 mm 0.8 …  1 1  
220300 Beer made from malt. 0.7 …  4 4  
640399 -- Other 0.7 …  4 4  
Table AI.7 (Cont'd)WT/REG290/1 
Page 36  
 
  Serbia's top export products in 2007-2009  Access Conditions to Switzerland's import markets
MFN (2010)
Duty-free 
in 2010  
Remain 
Dutiable  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate(%)  No. of tariff lines  
Duty-
free Dutiable 
852872 -- Other, colour 0.7 …  1 1  
300490 - Other 1.2 0.0 1    
720449 -- Other 1.1 0.0 1    
720852 -- Of a thickness of 4.75 mm or more but not 
exceeding 10 mm 1.1 …  4 4  
611521 -- Of synthetic fibr es, measuring per single 
yarn less than 67 decitex 1.1 …  1 1  
481159 -- Other 1.0 …  2 2  
740911 -- In coils 1.0 …  2 2  
640610 - Uppers and parts thereof, ot her than stiffeners 0.9 …  1 1  
741110 - Of refined copper 0.9 …  2 2  
720839 -- Of a thickness of less than 3 mm 0.9 …  1 1  
271019 -- Other 0.9 0.0 9    
Total of above 30.2  15 41 34 7 
 
a combination of specific duty and duty-free 
… specific duty  
Source : WTO estimates based on data provided by Switzerland and UNSD, Comtrade database. 
 
(b) Serbian market  
10. Table AI.8 shows the market access conditions in Serbia for Iceland's top 25 exports, which in 
2008-2010 accounted for 85.6% of its global exports.  Eight tariff lines were already duty-free on an 
MFN basis before entry into force of the Agreem ent. Out of the remaining 172 tariff lines completing 
Iceland's top 25 exports, none will remain dutiable,  in 2014, after the implementation of Serbia's 
commitments. 
Table AI.8 – Serbia: Market access o pportunities under the agreement for Ic eland's top 25 exports to the world 
Iceland's top export products in 2008-2010  Access Conditions to Serbia's import markets
MFN (2011)
Duty-free in  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of tariff lines  
Duty-
free Dutiable 2011 2014 
760110 - Aluminium, not alloyed 37.8 3.0  1 1  
030429 -- Other 7.6 10.0  33  33 
030419 -- Other 5.0 10.0  13  13 
880240 - Aeroplanes and other aircraft, of an 
unladen weight exceeding 15,000 kg 4.0 1.0  1 1  
030562 -- Cod (Gadus morhua, Gadus ogac, 
Gadus macrocephalus) 3.0 10.0  1  1 
030530 - Fish fillets, dried,  salted or in brine, but 
not smoked 2.9 10.0  5  5 
230120 - Flours, meals and pellets, of fish or of 
crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic 
invertebrates 2.9 1.0  1 1  
720221 -- Containing by weight more than 55% of 
silicon 2.7 0.0 1 0   
030379 -- Other 2.5 9.8  22 1 21 
030499 -- Other 2.1 10.0  16  16 
300490 - Other 2.0 3.7  3 3  
030613 -- Shrimps and prawns 2.0 10.0  5  5 
150420 - Fats and oils and their fractions, of fish, 
other than liver oils 1.5 2.0  2 2  
271019 -- Other 1.2 1.0 7 23 23  
030331 -- Halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, 
Hippoglossus hippoglossus, Hippoglossus 
stenolepis) 1.2 5.0  3 3  
Table AI.8 (Cont'd) WT/REG290/1 
 Page 37 
 
 
  Iceland's top export products in 2008-2010  Access Conditions to Serbia's import markets
MFN (2011)
Duty-free in  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of tariff lines  
Duty-
free Dutiable 2011 2014 
030269 -- Other 1.1 5.6  25 22 3 
030551 -- Cod (Gadus morhua, Gadus ogac, 
Gadus macrocephalus) 1.0 10.0  2  2 
030380 - Livers and roes 1.0 10.0  2  2 
030262 -- Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) 0.8 5.0  1 1  
030374 -- Mackerel (Scomber scombrus, Scomber 
australasicus, Scomber japonicus) 0.7 10.0  2  2 
030559 -- Other 0.6 10.0  5  5 
902139 -- Other 0.6 1.0  2 2  
902131 -- Artificial joints 0.5 1.0  1 1  
030250 - Cod (Gadus morhua, Gadus ogac, Gadus 
macrocephalus), excluding livers and roes 0.5 5.0  2 2  
030520 - Livers and roes of fish, dried, smoked, 
salted or in brine 0.5 10.0  1  1 
Total of above 85.6  8 172 63 109 
 
Source : WTO estimates based on data provided by  Serbia and UNSD, Comtrade database. 
 
11. Table AI.9 shows the market access conditions in  Serbia for Norway's top 25 exports, which 
in 2008-2010 accounted for 76.9% of its global exports.  Ten tariff lines were already duty-free on an 
MFN basis before entry into force of the Agreem ent. Out of the remaining 145 tariff lines completing 
Norway's top 25 exports, none will remain dutiable, in 2014, after the implementation of Serbia's 
commitments. 
Table AI.9 – Serbia: Market access o pportunities under the agreement for Norway's top 25 exports to the world  
Norway's top export products in 2008-2010  Access Conditions to Serbia's import markets
MFN (2011)
Duty-free in  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of tariff lines  
Duty-
free Dutiable 2011 2013 2014 
270900 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from 
bituminous minerals, crude. 36.7 1.0  2 2   
271121 -- Natural gas 21.4 1.0  1 1   
760120 - Aluminium alloys 2.5 3.0  3 3   
271011 -- Light oils and preparations 2.3 2.2  13 13   
030212 -- Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka, 
Oncorhynchus gorbusch a, Oncorhynchus 
keta, Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Oncorhynchus 
masou and Oncorhynchus rhodurus), 
Atlantic salmon (Sal mo salar) and Danube 
salmon (Hucho hucho) 2.2 5.0  1 1   
271019 -- Other 1.9 1.0 7 23 23   
750210 - Nickel, not alloyed 1.2 1.0  1 1   
271112 -- Propane 1.2 5.0  6 6   
271113 -- Butanes 0.8 5.0  4 4   
890190 - Other vessels for the transport of goods 
and other vessels for the transport of both 
persons and goods 0.7 3.3 1 2 2   
381800 Chemical elements doped for use in 
electronics, in the form of discs, wafers or 
similar forms; chemical compounds doped 
for use in electronics. 0.7 3.0  2 2   
843143 -- Parts for boring or sinking machinery of 
subheading 8430.41 or 8430.49 0.6 1.0  1 1   
271600 Electrical energy. (optional heading) 0.6 0.0 1     
271111 -- Natural gas 0.5 5.0  1 1   
030429 -- Other 0.4 10.0  33   33 
Table AI.9 (Cont'd)WT/REG290/1 
Page 38  
 
  Norway's top export products in 2008-2010  Access Conditions to Serbia's import markets
MFN (2011)
Duty-free in  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of tariff lines  
Duty-
free Dutiable 2011 2013 2014 
030419 -- Other 0.4 10.0  13   13 
841370 - Other centrifugal pumps 0.4 5.1  19 8 11  
851762 -- Machines for the reception, conversion 
and transmission or regeneration of voice, 
images or other da ta, including switching 
and routing apparatus 0.4 13.3  3 2 1  
292429 -- Other 0.4 1.0  2 2   
890120 - Tankers 0.4 2.5 1 1 1   
730890 - Other 0.3 4.0  4 4   
847989 -- Other 0.3 3.0  3 2 1  
480261 -- In rolls 0.3 3.7  3 3   
030551 -- Cod (Gadus morhua, Gadus ogac, 
Gadus macrocephalus) 0.3 10.0  2   2 
030374 -- Mackerel (Scomber scombrus, Scomber 
australasicus, Scomber japonicus) 0.3 10.0  2   2 
Total of above 76.9  10 145 82 13 50 
 
Source : WTO estimates based on data provided by  Serbia and UNSD, Comtrade database. 
 
12. Table AI.10 shows the market access conditions in Serbia for Switzerland's top 25 exports, 
which in 2007-2009 accounted for 42.9% of its glob al exports.  Six tariff lines were already duty-free 
on an MFN basis before entry into force of the Agreement. Out of the remaining 44 tariff lines 
completing Switzerland's top 25 exports, none will re main dutiable, in 2014, after the implementation 
of Serbia's commitments.  
Table AI.10 – Serbia: Market access opportunities under th e agreement for Switzerland's top 25 exports to the world 
Switzerland's top export products in 2007-2009  Access Conditions to Serbia's import markets
MFN (2010)
Duty-free in 
Remain 
Dutiable  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of tariff lines  Duty-
free 
Dutiabl
e 
2010 
2011 
2013 
2014 
300490 - Other 11.2 3.7  3 2 1    
300210 - Antisera and other blood fractions and 
modified immunological products, whether or not obtained by means of 
biotechnological processes 6.9 0.0 4       
910221 -- With automatic winding 2.7 10.0  1   1   
271600 Electrical energy. (optional heading) 2.3 0.0 1       
711319 -- Of other precious metal, whether or not 
plated or clad with precious metal 2.3 20.0  1    1  
293399 -- Other 1.6 1.0  3 3     
910211 -- With mechanical display only 1.6 10.0  1   1   
910121 -- With automatic winding 1.5 10.0  1   1   
711011 -- Unwrought or in powder form 1.2 10.0  1  1    
841199 -- Other 1.1 1.0  1 1     
300420 - Containing other antibiotics 1.0 2.0  2 2     
292429 -- Other 1.0 1.0  2 2     
710239 -- Other 0.9 10.0  1  1    
294190 - Other 0.9 0.0 1       
300439 -- Other 0.8 2.0  2 2     
293719 -- Other 0.8 1.0  1 1     
902110 - Orthopaedic or fracture appliances 0.8 1.0  2 2     
293499 -- Other 0.6 1.0  2 2     
902150 - Pacemakers for stimulating heart 
muscles, excluding parts and accessories 0.6 1.0  1 1     
220290 - Other 0.6 30.0  4     4 
910129 -- Other 0.6 10.0  1   1   
Table AI.10 (Cont'd) WT/REG290/1 
 Page 39 
 
 
  Switzerland's top export products in 2007-2009  Access Conditions to Serbia's import markets
MFN (2010)
Duty-free in 
Remain 
Dutiable  
HS number and description of the product  Share in 
global 
exports 
(%) Average 
MFN 
applied 
rate (%)  No. of tariff lines  Duty-
free 
Dutiabl
e 
2010 
2011 
2013 
2014 
880230 - Aeroplanes and other aircraft, of an 
unladen weight exceeding 2,000 kg but not 
exceeding 15,000 kg 0.6 1.0  1 1     
970110 - Paintings, drawings and pastels 0.5 5.0  1   1   
330290 - Other 0.5 1.0  2 2     
901890 - Other instruments and appliances 0.5 1.4  10 10     
Total of above 42.9  6 44 31 3 5 1 4 
 
Source : WTO estimates based on data provided by  Serbia and UNSD, Comtrade database.   
  WT/REG290/1 
Page 40 
ANNEX II 
 
Summary of TRQ commitments undertaken by Switzerland/Liechtenstein  
 
Table AII.1 
Summary of WTO-related TRQs referred to in Switzerland's Schedule of tariff concessions (product description column) 
(WTO TRQ number) 
Description of products (HS) Tariff Code Number of tariff 
lines covered by 
the WTO-TRQ 
commitment Tariff quota quantity  of  
products under the WTO-
TRQ MFN WTO in-quota rate 
(Schedule LIX Section I-B) Preferential in-quota rate  
or Rebate 
(AA, Annex 2) 
(5) Animals for slaughter;  meat mainly produced on the 
basis of coarse fodder 02011091 
02012091 02102010 
16021010 44 22,500 (tons) 375 (CHF. per piece) Minus  9.- (CHF. per 100kg) 
Minus  9.- (CHF. per 100kg) 
238.- (CHF. per 100kg gross) 
42.50 (CHF. per 100kg gross) 
(6)  Animals for slaughter;  meat mainly produced on the 
basis of concentrated fodder 02101991 
16010021 16010031 
16023110 
16023210 16023910 
16024111 48 54,482 (tons) 375 (CHF. per piece) 
 187.- (CHF. per 100kg gross) 
110.- (CHF. per 100kg gross) 
Minus  15.- (CHF. per 100kg) 
Minus  25.- (CHF. per 100kg) 
Minus  25.- (CHF. per 100kg) 
Minus  25.- (CHF. per 100kg) 
Minus  15.- (CHF. per 100kg) 
(12)  Bovine semen 05111010 1 20,000 (doses) 0.1 (CHF. per unit applied) 0 
(13)  Cut flowers 06031110 
06031210 
06031310 
06031410 06031911 06031919 6 4,590 (gross tons) 12.5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
25 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
25 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
25 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 25 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 25 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 0 
0 
20.- (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
20.- (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 20.- (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 20.- (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
(14)  Seed potatoes, potatoes for processing, table 
potatoes, potato products (in potato equivalent) 07011010 
07019010 
07129021 20 22,250 (tons) 6 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
6 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
na 
 Minus  1.4 (CHF. per 100 kg) 
Minus  3.- (CHF. per 100 kg) 
10.- (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
(15)  Fresh vegetables 07031013 
07031021 
07031031 
07031041 07031051 
07031061 
07031071 07039011 
07039021 
07041011 07041021 
07041091 165 166,076 (tons) 0.2 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
2.9 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
2.9 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
2.9 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 2.9 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
2.9 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
2.9 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
7 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 7 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
7 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 0 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
0 0 
0 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
0 
0 
0 0 
0  
   WT/REG290/1
 Page 41(WTO TRQ number) 
Description of products (HS) Tariff Code Number of tariff 
lines covered by 
the WTO-TRQ 
commitment Tariff quota quantity  of  
products under the WTO-
TRQ MFN WTO in-quota rate 
(Schedule LIX Section I-B) Preferential in-quota rate  
or Rebate 
(AA, Annex 2) 
07042011 
07049018 
07049021 
07049031 07049041 
07049051 
07049061 07049064 
07049071 
07049081 07051118 07051121 
07051198 
07051911 07051921 
07051931 
07051941 07051951 
07051991 
07052111 07061011 
07061021 
07061031 07069018 
07069028 
07069031 07069041 
07069051 
07069061 07070011 
07070021 
07070031 07070041 
07081011 
07081021 07082028 07082038 
07082048 
07082098 07089081 
07092011 
07093011 10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
3 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
3 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
3 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 3 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
7 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 7 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
7 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 4 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
4 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
4 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 4 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
7 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
3.5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
3.5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
3.5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
2 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
2 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
2 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 2 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
2 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
0 0 
0 
0 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
0 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut)  
  WT/REG290/1 
Page 42 
(WTO TRQ number) 
Description of products (HS) Tariff Code Number of tariff 
lines covered by 
the WTO-TRQ 
commitment Tariff quota quantity  of  
products under the WTO-
TRQ MFN WTO in-quota rate 
(Schedule LIX Section I-B) Preferential in-quota rate  
or Rebate 
(AA, Annex 2) 
07094011 
07094021 
07094091 
07097011 07099041 
07099051 
07099084 10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
(17)  Fresh apples, pears and quinces 08081022 
08081032 08082022 
08082032 8 15,810 (tons) na 
2 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) Minus  2.5 (CHF. per 100 kg) 
Minus  2.5 (CHF. per 100 kg)  
0 
Minus  2.5 (CHF. per 100 kg) 
(18)  Fresh apricots, cherries, plums and sloes 08091018 
08091098 
08092011 08094013 
08094093 12 16,340 (tons) 3 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
3 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 3 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
10 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 0 
0 
0 0 
0 
(19)  Other fresh fruit 08101011 
08102011 08102021 
08109094 10 13,360 (tons) 3 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 5 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
na 0 
0 0 
0 
(20)  Fruit for cider 08081011 
08082011 2 172 (tons) na 
na 0 
0 
(21)  Seed fruit products (in seed fruit equivalent) 20099011 16 244 (tons) 30 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 16 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
(22)  Grapes for pressing and grape juice 20096910 6 100,000 (hectolitres) 34 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 50 (CHF. per 100 kg brut) 
 
n.a.: not applicable. 
 
Source: Prepared by the WTO Secretariat, based on the Agreement on Agriculture between Albania and Switzerland (AA) and on Switzerland Notification of imports under tariff quotas for the 
calendar year 2010 (See G/AG/N/CHE/ 57, dated 1 February 2012).   
   WT/REG290/1
 Page 43Summary of TRQ commitments undertaken by Norway  
 
Table AIII.2 
Summary of WTO-related TRQs referred to in Norway's Schedul e of tariff concessions (concessions to Serbia column)  
Product Description (HS) Tariff 
Code 
(Norwegian 
Tariff Code) Number of tariff 
lines covered by the 
WTO-TRQ 
commitment  
(eight digit) Tariff quota quantity of 
products under the WTO-TRQ MFN WTO in-quota rate 
(Schedule XIV Section I-B) Rebate 
(AA, Annex 2) 
Meat of bovine animals, frozen 02.02 8 1,084 (tons) 344% or 66.40 NOK/kg 
whichever is the highest 30% reduction on the in-quota 
duties 
Meat of domestic swine, frozen 02032110 1 1,381 (tons) 363% or 24.64 NOK/kg 
whichever is the highest 30% reduction on the in-quota 
duties
Carcasses and half-carcasses of lamb, fresh or chilled 02041000 8 206 (tons) 429% or 32.49 NOK/kg 
whichever is the highest 30% reduction on the in-quota 
duties
Carcasses and half-carcasses of lamb, not cut in pieces, frozen 02071200 1 221 (tons) 290% or 25.71 NOK/kg 
whichever is the highest 30% reduction on the in-quota 
duties
 
n.a.: not applicable. 
 
Source: Prepared by the WTO Secretariat, based on the Agreement on Agricu lture between Albania and Norway (AA) and on Norway's Notifica tion of imports under tariff quotas for the calendar 
 year 2010 (See G/AG/N/NOR/63, dated 8 November 2011). 
__________