RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/TPR/G/246 
4 May 2011  
 
(11-2201) 
Trade Policy Review Body Original:  English/ 
                French 
  
 
   
 
TRADE POLICY REVIEW 
 
Report by 
 
CANADA 
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the Agreement Establishi ng the Trade Policy Review Mechanism 
(Annex 3 of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade 
Organization), the policy statement by Canada is attached. 
 
 
Note: This report is subject to restricted circ ulation and press embargo until the end of the first 
session of the meeting of the Trade Policy Review Body on Canada. Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
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CONTENTS 
 
 Page 
I. TRADE AND ECONOMIC POLICY ENVIRONMENT 5 
 (1) E CONOMIC OVERVIEW  5 
 (2) G LOBAL COMMERCE STRATEGY  7 
II. TRADE POLICY DEVELOPMENTS 2007-2010 8 
 (1) M ULTILATERAL LIBERALISATION  8 
(a) Commitment to the Doha Development Agenda 8 
(b) Supporting Development 9 
 (2) C ANADA -UNITED STATES TRADE RELATIONSHIP  13 
 (3) R EGIONAL AND BILATERAL INITIATIVES  14 
(a) New and Updated Regional and Bilateral Free Trade Agreements 15 (b) Regional and Bilateral Free Trade Agreements under Negotiation 16 
(c) Other Bilateral Initiatives 18 
   (i) Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreements  18    (ii) Science and Technology Agreements    18 
 (4) U
NILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION INITIATIVES  19 
 (5) C ANADA IN OTHER MULTILATERAL FORUMS  20 
(a) Group of Twenty 20 
(b) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 20 (c) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 21 
 (6) R
ESOLUTION OF DISPUTES  21 
 (7) T RADE PROMOTION  21 
 (8) O THER KEY INITIATIVES  22 
(a) Environmental Assessments 22 
(b) Inter-Provincial Trade Initiatives 23 (c) Government Procurement Initiatives 24 
(d) Cabinet Directive on Streamlining Regulation 25 
(e) Science-based Approach in Agriculture 25 (f) Growing Forward Agricultural Policy Framework 25 
(g) Canada's Intellectual Property Regime – Notifications since 2007 26 
III. CONSULTATIONS AND TRANSPARENCY 27 IV. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT 30 
V. TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT 30 
VI. TRADE AND LABOUR 31 VII. CONCLUSION  31 
 
ANNEX 1:  CANADA'S SUBMISSIONS TO THE WTO IN SUPPORT OF 
       THE DOHA DEVELOPMENT AGENDA      33 
  
 Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
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 I. TRADE AND ECONOMIC POLICY ENVIRONMENT1 
(1) ECONOMIC OVERVIEW   
Strong Policies Support Performance 
1. Canada's 2007 Report to the Trade Policy Revi ew Mechanism, which covered the period 
2003 to February 2007, told a story of an expandi ng and energized economy in a relatively stable 
global economic environment.  In the current period under the review (2007-2010), the global 
financial and economic cris is of late 2007 to 2009 posed significant challenges to the Canadian 
economy, although it has generally proven to be r obust and has rebounded solidly.   This global crisis 
led to a sharp decline in global trade, reduced Ca nadian exports and weakened business and consumer 
confidence, significantly lowering employment a nd output.  Employment in Canada fell by 427,900 
during that period, the unemployment rate rose to 8.7 percent, and real gross domestic product (GDP) 
declined by 3.4 percent before recovery gained a foothold in the second half of 2009.  Canada has 
more than recouped all of the loss in output ex perienced during the recession – the best performance 
in the G-7.  Furthermore, Canada has more than recovered all of the jobs lost during the recession, 
with some 467,300 jobs having been creat ed between July 2009 and January 2011. 
2. Canada weathered the global recession better th an most other industrialized countries and has 
experienced a solid recovery.  This relatively st rong performance both during the recession and over 
the recovery reflects continued financial, economic and fiscal strengths together with substantial 
support provided by monetary policy, Canada's Ec onomic Action Plan and similar actions undertaken 
by provincial and territorial governments.  Canada had the strongest fiscal position in the G-7 going 
into the crisis, which allowed it to respond quick ly and forcefully to stimulate the economy and 
support Canadian jobs.  Canada's  Economic Action Plan was introduced on January 27, 2009 and 
includes a diversified set of initiatives designed to  deliver timely stimulus.  The Plan includes 
personal and corporate tax reducti ons, enhancements to Employment  Insurance benefits, support for 
highly-affected communities and industries, and sign ificant investments in infrastructure – including 
contributions leveraged fr om other levels of government.  The stimulus is equi valent to about 
2 percent of GDP on average over the past two years.  As interruptions in market liquidity due to the 
crisis made it difficult for Canadian banks and ot her lenders to obtain funds at reasonable costs, 
Canada's Economic Action Plan also included measu res to support lending to Canadian households 
and businesses through the Extraordinary Financing Fram ework.  The measures, most of which have 
ended or are being wound down, were offere d on a commercial basis to protect taxpayers. 
3. Reflecting the impact of the global economic recession and the stimulus measures introduced 
to help mitigate its impact, Canada  posted a budgetary deficit equal to  3.6 percent of GDP in 2009-10. 
As reported in the October 2010 Update  of Economic and Fiscal Projections2, the deficit is projected 
to decline by half next year to 1.8 percent of GDP and by two-thirds to 1.2 percent of GDP in 
2012-13.  This decline is a result of the expirati on of the Economic Action Plan, which for the most 
part ends in March 2011, as well as the restraint m easures announced in the 2010 federal budget.  In 
2015-16, a small surplus of 0.1 percent of GDP is projected.  The federal debt-to-GDP ratio 
(accumulated deficit) stood at 29.0 percent in 2008–09, down significantly from its peak of 68.4 percent in 1995–96.  The debt ratio is expected  to increase to 35.3 percent in 2011–12, before 
declining steadily to 30.8 percent in 2015–16. 
                                                     
 
1 Unless otherwise indicated, all figures are in Canadian Dollars. 
2 The full document is available at: http ://www.fin.gc.ca/ec2010/ pdf/efp-pef-eng.pdf. WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
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 4. The central element of Canadian monetary po licy is its inflation-targeting framework, the 
goal of which is to keep inflation near 2 percent – th e mid-point of a 1 to 3 percent target range.  The 
goal of 2 percent has been  extended three times since it was established in 1993.  The present target 
range was established jointly by the Bank of Cana da and the federal government in November 2006 
for a five-year period.  
5. During the crisis, between December 2007 and April 2009, the Bank of Canada lowered the 
target for the overnight rate, the interest rate at  which major financial institutions borrow and lend 
one-day funds among themselves, by 425 basis point s to its effective lower bound of 25 basis points. 
In addition, in the April 2009 Monetary Policy Report the Bank supplemented its normal operating 
framework for monetary policy by introducing a commi tment to keep the overnight rate target at its 
effective lower bound until the second quarter of 2010, conditional on the inflation outlook.  At that 
time, the Bank also identified other unconventio nal policy instruments, including quantitative and 
credit easing, that could be employed should conditi ons warrant.  However, the latter measures were 
never used in Canada, unlike in other major economi es.  On June 1, 2010, the Bank re-established its 
normal operating framework for the implementation of monetary policy and raised its target rate to 
0.5 percent.  The overnight rate was subsequently  raised two more times and reached 1 percent on 
September 8, 2010, where it has remained. 
A Trading Nation 
6. International trade is very important to a me dium-sized open economy lik e Canada's.  Canada 
is the world's twelfth largest merchandise exporte r and eleventh largest merchandise importer.  
Weaknesses in our major trading markets deeply af fected exports in 2009 as Canadian exports of 
goods and services fell to 28.6 percent of GDP, down from over 35.1 percent a year earlier and have 
rebounded only modestly to 29.3 percent in 2010.  Impor ts were somewhat less affected, declining to 
30.4 percent of GDP in 2009 compared to 33.6 percen t in 2008 and have returned to 31.2 percent in 
2010. 
7. Canadian trade suffered huge losses in 2009.  Fo r exports, softness began to show up in the 
second half of 2007, as volumes fell more-or-less for th e next 8 quarters for a cumulative decline of 
more than 20 percent.  As of the fourth quarter of  2010, real exports were 13.2 percent above the lows 
recorded in the second quarter of 2009.  Imports he ld up until the onset of the recession before they 
began to fall.  At the end of 2010, real imports  were 20.5 percent above the trough recorded in the 
second quarter of 2009 but were s till below pre-recession levels. 
8. Exchange rate volatility also created uncertainty  for trade-intensive sectors and regions.  In 
2007, the Canadian dollar reached parity with the Un ited States (U.S.) dollar for the first time since 
November 25, 1976, then broke through parity pe aking at US$1.09 before retreating.  Along with 
elevated commodity prices, the Canadian dollar traded  close to parity until late 2008.  As the financial 
crisis intensified, the Canadian dollar depreciated to  a low of U.S.76.92¢ on March 9, 2009, reflecting 
the flight-to-quality towards the U.S. dollar, which is considered a reserve currency, and the sharp 
decline in prices for commodities that Canada produces.  With the global recovery gaining 
momentum, increased optimism over the global outlook translated into an increased appetite for risk 
in financial markets and movement away from the U. S. dollar which depreciated sharply against most 
major currencies, including the Canadian dollar.  This, together with higher commodity prices, has 
contributed to the comeback of the Canadian  dollar.  Over recent months, Canada's sound 
fundamentals have further boosted the attractiveness of Canadian financial assets among international 
investors, with the Canadian dollar reachi ng U.S. dollar parity to close out 2010.  Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
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 9. With currency appreciation and a severe and pr olonged recession in the U.S., two-way trade 
in goods and services with the U.S. decreased by a fifth from 2008 levels, to account for three quarters of the overall decline in trade in 2009.  None theless, the U.S. overwhelmingly remains Canada's 
principal trading partner, accounting for over 70 percen t of Canadian exports and nearly 62 percent of 
all imports in 2010 (though these figures ma y be overstated due to transshipments). 
10. Canadian real exports of goods and services we re up by 6.4 percent in 2010 compared to 2009 
levels.  The rebound in exports in 2010 suggests that foreign demand is strengthening following 
significant declines during the recession.  Howeve r, over the same period, real imports (+13.4 
percent) have risen by even more, reflecting strong domestic demand growth in 2010.  
Investment 
11. With the onslaught of the global recession, two-way direct investment flows
3 with the world 
more than halved in 2009 to $65.7 billion, and has not recovered in 2010.  The flow of Canadian 
outward investment declined by another $6.4 billion ( 14.4 percent) in 2010 compared to the previous 
year, as investors have repatriated funds from their foreign affiliates.  On the other hand, foreign 
direct investment into Canada increased by $1.2 billion in 2010 over 2009 flows. 
12. Canada's federal net foreign debt in 2010 rose to $223.8 billion by the end of the third 
quarter4, or 13.8 percent of Canada's GDP.  However,  this was substantially below the 40 percent 
range of the mid-1990s.  International assets continue to  be affected by exchange rate fluctuations.  In 
particular, the large portion of Canadian foreign inv estments denominated in U.S. dollars has led to a 
downward revaluation effect on international ass ets which has more than offset the upward 
revaluation effect of the depreciation of the Cana dian dollar against other currencies over the third 
quarter of 2010. 
(2) GLOBAL COMMERCE STRATEGY  
13. The Global Commerce Strategy (GCS) is a su stained five-year action plan for helping 
Canadian companies meet the demands of an in creasingly complex and competitive global economy5. 
It was launched in 2007 to contribute to Canada's long-term prosperity by increasing foreign direct 
investment in Canada and Canadian investment abroad; securing competitive te rms of access to global 
markets; and forging stronger linkages between Canada's science and technology community and 
global innovation networks.  It builds on Advantage Canada, the Government's  national strategy for 
building fiscal, tax, education, infrastructure and entrepreneurial advantages at home.  The GCS has 
three main objectives:  i) boosting Canada's share of  global investment and innovation;  ii) expanding 
Canadian access to global markets and networks;  and iii) strengthening Canada's international 
commercial network.  The GCS has played a key role  in Canada's response to the global recession, by 
obtaining greater opportunities for Canadian business. 
                                                      
3 Investment flows are reported on a net basis, as per international standards. 
4 The difference between foreign liabilities and asse ts, measured at book value, and converted into 
Canadian dollars at the end of the period. 
5 The full document is available at:  http://www.in ternational.gc.ca/commerce/strategy-strategie/ 
index.aspx. WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
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 II. TRADE POLICY DEVELOPMENTS 2007-2010 
(1) MULTILATERAL LIBERALISATION  
14. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the co rnerstone of Canada's trade policy agenda, 
and the principal forum for engaging with its tr ading partners, including emerging and developing 
countries.  In the WTO, Canada works toward th e expansion and modernization of the multilateral 
trading system, which is vital for Cana da as an open, trade-dependent economy. 
(a) Commitment to the Doha Development Agenda 
15. Canada is committed to the successful conclu sion of the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) 
negotiations.  It is Canada's view that achieving an ambitious and balanced agreement is in the interest 
of all Members, and that a positive outcome fo r Doha is especially necessary in these difficult 
economic times.  On the other hand, failure to conclude the Doha Round could undermine the rules-
based international trading system.  As such, Canada  sees its participation in the Doha negotiations as 
essential. 
16. The Doha Round of negotiations offers an opport unity to increase economic prosperity for all 
WTO Members by enhancing predictability in  the multilateral trading system through the 
strengthening of international rules.  The needs of  developing countries deserve special mention, as 
advancing the cause of development through these ne gotiations is a key objective in the DDA and the 
WTO.  To this end, Canada is working with fellow Members to address developing countries' 
concerns about taking on new commitments and in implementing new WTO agreements.  
17. In the agricultural negotiations under the DDA, Canada is seeking a more level international 
playing field through the elimination of all forms of export subsidies, the substantial reduction of 
trade-distorting domestic support, and real a nd significant improvements in market access for 
agriculture and agri-food producers and processors.  Canada's pursuit of agricultural trade reform in 
the world trading system also demonstrates its commitment to supporting the development objectives 
of the Doha Round.  As part of the DDA's agri culture negotiations, many developing countries are 
seeking a fairer international trading environment through real and meaningful agricultural trade 
reform.  Canada is working closely with all WT O member countries, both developed and developing, 
to maintain the momentum toward  achieving this shared objective. 
18. As an export-oriented economy, Canada also a ttaches great importance to improving market 
access for services and non-agricultural goods.  All Members stand to gain substantially from the 
reduction and elimination of barriers to trade, and Canada seeks an outcome that results in 
commercially significant liberalization.  Canada is  also seeking improved transparency in domestic 
regulatory regimes. 
19. Canada aims to clarify and improve ru les governing anti-dumping and countervailing 
measures in order to achieve greater international convergence and predictability in their application 
and to prevent unnecessary restrictions to trade.  At the same time, Canada is seeking to strengthen 
and clarify disciplines on the provision of governme nt subsidies (including fisheries subsidies).  
Canada also supports improved transparency with respect to regional trade agreements (RTAs) and 
welcomes the review launched by the Negotiati ng Group on Rules in December 2010 towards the 
permanent establishment of the tr ansparency mechanism for RTAs. Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
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 20. Canada supports the negotiations to secure str ong and effective rules on trade facilitation.  
Canada views trade facilitation as positive for all countries and as a natural complement to market 
access negotiations on goods.  Progress on these issu es would especially benefit small and medium-
sized companies, for whom transaction costs can be particularly burdensome. 
21. Canada is also seeking a number of improvements to the dispute settlement system.  These 
would improve access to dispute settlement generally , and make dispute settlement more effective and 
efficient for all Members, while being sensitive to the needs of developing country Members.  As 
such, Canada, together with other Members, has proposed a number of procedural improvements, 
including proposals on sequencing, remand, post-re taliation, enhanced third party rights and the 
protection of confidential information.  Canada al so supports proposals to increase transparency and 
shorten the duration of disputes, where possible. 
Participation in Negotiations 
22. Since the last Trade Policy Review (TPR) of Canada in 2007, Canada has remained fully 
engaged in the DDA.  In addition to its active part icipation in discussions at all levels, Canada has 
submitted formal papers in most negotiating areas, with a view to proposing practical and specific 
ideas to move forward (see Annex 1 for a full list of Canada's submissions). 
23. In July 2008, Canada participated in the in formal WTO Ministerial in Geneva at which 
Members were unable to bridge their differences.  Despite this setback, Canada has continued to work 
actively towards the conclusion of the Doha round,  and fully supports the intensified process of 
negotiations that Members have established in 2011. 
(b) Supporting Development 
24. In Canada's view, achieving a WTO trade deal  that will stimulate economic growth and 
secure real development gains for de veloping countries is central to the Round's objectives.  In this 
respect, achieving a successful outcome to the Round (i.e ., one that is ambitious and balanced in that 
it takes into account developing c ountries' concerns) will be essential.  Developing countries stand to 
gain from fundamental agricultural reform of wo rld agricultural trade, commercially significant 
market access increases for goods and services, and binding rules for trade facilitation that will reduce 
red tape at borders.  Growth a nd prosperity opportunities that will arise from such outcomes will be 
further enhanced by the strengthening of trade rul es, which will increase transparency, predictability 
and stability in the trading system.  In line with this, Canada is actively engaged in discussions in 
various work programs on issues of importance to developing countries.  Th ese are highlighted here. 
Special Differential Treatment 
25. The objectives of Special and Differential Treatment (S&DT) provisions are to foster the 
ability of developing countries to become full par ticipants in the multilateral trading system and to 
help them reap the benefits of WTO Membership.  Canada is committed to the principle of S&DT in 
the WTO and has been willing to examine S&DT proposals that make  a constructive contribution to 
integrating developing countries into the multilateral trading system.  Canada has continuously sought 
to address underlying issues to ensure that resultin g measures are geared toward the problems they 
seek to address.  Canada also recognizes the need for flexibility and calibrations of S&DT measures, 
as developing country Members have  different needs and capacities. WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
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 Trade-Related Technical Assistance and Capacity Building  
26. The Doha Ministerial Declaration confirmed that Trade-Related Technical Assistance and 
Capacity Building (TRTA/CB) is a core element of the development dimension of the multilateral 
trading system and established a number of undertak ings on TRTA/CB.  It also recognized the need 
for secure and predictable WTO tec hnical assistance funding and called for the development of a plan 
that would ensure such long-term funding.  The establishment of the Doha Development Agenda 
Global Trust Fund (DDAGTF) has been instrumental in  meeting this objective.  Since then, Canada 
has worked with other WTO Members to fulfil th ese undertakings and has been a regular donor to 
both the DDAGTF as well as to the Standards and Trade Development Facility (STDF).  
27. More recently, Canada made  a new commitment to both the DDAGTF and the STDF with 
total funding of $7.5 million over five years (2010-2014) .  Canada advocates that the activities and 
outputs of the STDF and DDAGTF are focused on results and impact through robust results-based management systems, and is supporting both ge nder and environment as cross-cutting issues.  
Aid for Trade 
28. The 2005 Hong Kong Declaration confirmed that Aid for Trade (AfT) is also a core element 
of the development dimension of the multilatera l trading system and established a number of 
commitments on Aid for Trade.  Canada has work ed to meet these undertakings in many ways, 
including by significantly increasing its AfT programming.  Canada's AfT is also guided by international undertakings, particularly those flow ing from WTO Ministerial meetings and G-8 and G-
20 commitments.  
29. Since the beginning of the Doha Round, Canada's annual commitment to AfT has risen from 
around $350 million in 2001/2002 to more than $500 million annually with Canada's AfT reaching 
$513 million in 2008-2009.  Canada's AfT is most  heavily focused in the category of ‘building 
productive capacity' but also includ es investments in economic infr astructure and trade policy and 
regulations.  Canada's commitments include those at  the multilateral level (to institutions such as the 
International Trade Centre and the World Bank); at  the regional level (e.g., through the Program for 
Building African Capacity to Trade and the Ca nada-Americas Trade Related Technical Assistance 
Program); at the bilateral country level (through individualized programming activities); and at the 
level of civil society (through partnerships). 
30. In October 2010, the Canadian Internationa l Development Agency (CIDA) launched its 
Strategy for Sustainable Economic Growth (SEG).  The strategy focuses CIDA's efforts in economic 
growth on three areas: building economic foundations, growing businesses, and investing in people.  
AfT programming is a key part of the SEG.  In  addition, the SEG is accompanied by two new 
strategies: securing the future of children and youth,  and increasing food security.  In support of the 
SEG, CIDA allocated $40 million over five y ears (2009/10 - 2013/14) to enhance developing 
countries' participation in the global economy.  This  support will focus, in particular, on the areas of 
Trade Facilitation and Agricultural Standards.  
31. The Report of the Aid for Trade Task Force noted, “Aid for Trade should be rendered in a 
coherent manner taking full account, inter alia, of  the gender perspective and of the overall goal of 
sustainable development .  .  .  donors and partner countries jointly commit to the harmonization of 
efforts on cross-cutting issues, such as gender ”.  Canada maintains that AfT is relevant to the 
discussion of women's economic empowerment and gender equality because of its wide scope. 
Canada believes that it is important to respond to the Report of the AfT Task Force by paying Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
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 attention to gender equality issues through opportu nities provided by AfT programming.  Recently, 
Canada was active in promoting a focus on gende r at the Committee on Trade and Development's 
October 2010 Session on gender and AfT.  This is in  line with Canada's Gender Equality Action Plan, 
which seeks to explicitly integrate gender equality in  all policies, programs and projects and by using 
programming that specifically targets the reduc tion of gender inequality.  In Canada, all AfT 
programming is subject to the cross-cutting require ments of Canada's gender policy with the aim to 
incorporate gender equality implications into Af T programming and initiatives in order to improve 
overall effectiveness and efficiency to the u ltimate benefit of women and men equally. 
32. Canada also supports the Advisory Centre on WTO Law (ACWL), an organization that 
provides advice, training and litigation assistance to developing country Members of the WTO. 
Canada has recently announced a contribution of $2.5 million over five years to help the ACWL 
continue its work. 
Small, Vulnerable Economies 
33. Specific challenges confront small and vulnerable economies (SVEs) seeking to participate in 
world trade.  Examples are the volatility of inte rnational prices for products exported by SVEs, and 
difficulties in achieving economies of scale.  Canada is striving to see that their concerns are taken 
into account by working with other WTO Members to achieve full implementation of the WTO SVE Work Program and to put in place the foundation for further advances. 
Least-Developed Countries 
34. The Doha Ministerial Declaration explicitly rec ognized the needs, interests and concerns of 
least-developed countries (LDCs) in more than twen ty different paragraphs.  Canada is working on 
many fronts to address these issues.  Several of these are highlighted here.  
35. The DDA established the objective of duty -free, quota-free (DFQF) market access for 
products originating from LDCs.  In  Canada's case, a preferential ta riff for LDCs has been in place 
since 1983.  This program was substantially expa nded in January 2003 to now cover approximately 
99 percent of all tariff lines for 49 of the world's le ast-developed countries.  Canada's initiative, which 
was renewed in 2004 for a further ten-year period, is among the most far-reaching in terms of eligible 
countries, product coverage, rules of origin and ease of  administration.  Canada's preferential tariff 
provides DFQF access for all LDC products, with  the exception of over-quota access for supply-
managed products in the dairy, p oultry and eggs sectors.  Beyond DFQF access, the rules of origin 
that Canada applies to LDCs imports ar e among the most liberal in the world. 
36. The DDA also established a firm understanding of  the important role of TRTA/CB through its 
support of the Integrated Framework for TRTA to Le ast-Developed Countries (IF).  Canada played an 
active role in the work program to enhance the IF  and urged development partners to significantly 
increase contributions to this initiative and to explor e the extension of the model to all LDCs.  Most 
recently, Canada has disbursed $7.68 million toward s an overall commitment of $19.2 million over 
five years to the Enhanced Integrated Framew ork (EIF) and is actively involved in governance 
activities of the EIF. WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
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 37. The Doha Ministerial Declaration also reflect ed a commitment to work to facilitate and 
accelerate negotiations with acceding LDCs.  Re cognising that WTO accession will help least-
developed countries in their developm ent and transition efforts, Canada is active in the negotiations of 
all applicants.  Canada's approach to least-dev eloped countries has been to reduce requests to a 
minimum and show considerable flexibility on, for ex ample, the number of tariff lines, request rates, 
and transition periods.  Canada remains a str ong supporter of the Decision approved by the WTO 
General Council in December 2002 to facilitate least-developed co untries accessions to the WTO. 
Official Development Assistance  
38. Since Canada's last Trade Policy Review in 2007, Canada has now met several major 
development goals that were first set out early in the last decade.  These include the Government's 
commitment to double international assistance by the end of the first decade of the new millennium, 
with a planned budget of $5 billion dollars annually by 2010-2011.  Separately, Canada has also met 
its G-8 commitment of doubling aid to Africa, bringing the total to $2.1 billion in 2010. 
39. The Government of Canada has committed to ma king Canada's international assistance more 
efficient, focused, and accountable.  In view of th is approach, CIDA has undert aken steps to make its 
work more effective, in line with internationa l agreements and recognized best practices.  The 
effectiveness of Canada's international assistance will be measured by the progress made in reducing 
poverty and improving the lives of those living in poverty.  
40. Canada's commitment to increased aid effectiveness  is visible in its actions towards untying 
its aid.  Changes to Canada's food aid policy in 20 05 meant that up to 50 percent of Canada's food aid 
could be purchased in developing countries.  In  2008, all food aid was untied, and more recently, 
Canada announced that it will fully untie all of its  aid, including all goods and services used in aid 
work, by 2012-2013.  Already, levels of untied aid rose from 75 percent in 2007 to 91 percent in 2008. 
41. To achieve effectiveness in delivering its intern ational aid, Canada is focusing its efforts 
geographically and thematically.  Canada has recently  adopted five major priority themes on which to 
concentrate its development efforts.  These are ar eas where Canada has proven its leadership, namely: 
(i) increasing food security;  (ii) securing the future of children and youth;  (iii) stimulating sustainable economic growth; (iv) security and stability ;  and (v) democratic governance.  In addition 
to these priority themes, Canada's development program continues to integrate three crosscutting 
themes in all of its programs and policies:  (i) incr easing environmental sustainability;  (ii) promoting 
equality between women and men;  and (iii) help ing to strengthen governance institutions and 
practices.  These changes were made so that Cana da can focus on key development challenges, and 
ensure that its aid investments lead to  concrete results for the world's poorest. 
42. Canada announced in 2009 that it would be focusing 80 percent of bilateral resources on 
twenty countries.  By concentrating resources, focusing programming and im proving coordination, 
the intention is to make Canada 's international assistance more effective and accountable.  This new 
bilateral focus is in addition to Canada's focus on multilateral programs where Canada will continue to 
support international efforts such as the Global Fund  to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; the 
Canadian-led Initiatives to Save a Million Lives;   the UN's World Food Programme; the Global 
Strategy for Women's and Children's Health;  and others.  These and other programs will not be 
affected by the changes to bilateral aid and Canada  will continue to work towards even greater focus 
and effectiveness of its aid agenda. Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
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 (2) CANADA -UNITED STATES TRADE RELATIONSHIP  
43. Geographic proximity and a similar business environment have long made the U.S. the most 
important international market for Canada.  The two-way trade relationship between Canada and the 
U.S. is the largest between any two countries in th e world.  In 2010, Cana da exported $333.6 billion 
in goods and services to the U.S. and imported $312.1 billion.  For 2010,  Canada posted a goods 
surplus of $36.9 billion, driven in large part by a su rplus in energy exports and oil in particular, but a 
deficit of $15.3 billion in services, two-thirds of wh ich was due to a deficit in the travel account.  In 
2009, the stock of foreign direct investment fro m the U.S. in Canada amounted to $288.3 billion, 
representing 52.5 percent of total foreign direct i nvestment in Canada.  Ca nada ranked second as a 
destination for U.S. direct investment abroad.  Tota l Canadian direct investment in the U.S. amounted 
to $261.3 billion in 2009, accounting for some 44.0 percent of Canadian foreign direct investment 
abroad.  At the end of 2009, Canada was the fourth largest source of FDI in the U.S. 
44. These data reflect the high degree of integrati on of the Canadian economy with that of the 
U.S. and the extensive supply chains developed in th e North American region.  According to the most 
current estimates available, over one half of manuf actured products imported from Canada by the U.S. 
are intermediate inputs used by U.S. companies to  produce other goods and provide services.  Nearly 
one fifth of the value of total Canadian exports to the U.S. was actually produ ced in the U.S.  Almost 
one third of U.S. manufacturing imports from Canada come from U.S. companies operating in Canada.  
45. Trade relations between Canada and the U.S. ar e supported by the disciplines of the WTO and 
the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).  The NAFTA is now in its 18th year and the 
elimination of tariffs as set out in this agreemen t was completed in 2008.  Trade between Canada and 
the U.S. has nearly doubled since the Agreement entered into force in 1994.  Canadian Provinces and 
Territories, and U.S. States, also play an importa nt role in strengthening  Canada-U.S. relations 
through a variety of mechanisms.  
46. An Agreement on Softwood Lumber was signed in  2006 to end years of trade action affecting 
Canadian exports of softwood products to the U.S.   Managed by a bilateral committee and supported 
by a bi-national industry council, the Agreemen t ends in 2013 unless extended for two years by 
mutual agreement.  Softwood lumber  trade with third countries is not affected by this bilateral 
agreement. 
47. The NAFTA's Chapter 11 on investment includes dispute settlement provisions.  The chapter 
focuses on investors' rights and protections when i nvesting in the territory of one of the NAFTA 
parties.  There are currently 15 cases in which Cana da is the respondent, but arbitration proceedings 
have begun in only 7 cases.  Out of the 15 cases, 8 cases are actually inactive.  In all cases brought 
forward against Canada, the investors are allegedly American citizens or incorporated in the U.S. 
Canadian investors have also brought forward ca ses under the NAFTA Chapter 11 dispute settlement 
mechanism.  Thus far there have been 3 activ e cases involving Canadian investors and the U.S. 
48. In agriculture products, Canada and the U.S. have remained each other's most important 
trading partners.  Some new areas of concern have emerged since 2007.  Notably, Canada is 
challenging certain country-of-origin labelling requirements, which originated in the 2002 Farm Bill , 
under the dispute settlement procedures of the WTO. WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
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 49. Under NAFTA, tariffs have mostly been elimin ated, remaining only where no such agreement 
was made.  However, differences in regulations still present obst acles to trade, competitiveness and 
innovation.  Accordingly, Canada's trade policy ag enda over the period under review has shifted to 
place a greater emphasis on reduction of barriers behind the border, and in particular to cooperation 
with a view to reducing unnecessary regulatory barrier s, while maintaining high standards of health, 
safety and environmental protection.  Identification of priority areas that would benefit from increased regulatory collaboration – for example through stre amlining regulations and regulatory processes; 
ensuring the compatibility of regulations as they ar e being developed; and strengthening the use of 
international standards – is an ongoing process. 
50. The NAFTA provisions on rules of origin are subj ect to periodic update and revision to reflect 
changing conditions in supply chain relationships and other developments, as well as Harmonized 
System tariff classifications adjustments.  Prelim inary agreement was reached on the fourth set of 
amendments in conjunction with the 2010 meeting of the NAFTA Free Trade Commission. 
51. Canada and the U.S. share common goals of ensuring the security and safety of North 
America, as well as facilitating the free flow of le gitimate people, goods and services between the two 
countries.  The highly integrated and interdepende nt economies of both countries depend on smart and 
efficient border management which, in turn, re lies on close collaboration.  The announcement on 
February 4, 2011 of Beyond the Border: A Shared Vision for Perimeter Security and Competitiveness 
represents an important step forward, establishing a new, long-term partners hip between Canada and 
the U.S. that is designed to accelerate the m ovement of people and goods, improve economic 
competitiveness, and strengthen security.  In add ition, the announcement on the same day of the 
Canada-U.S. Regulatory Cooperati on Council will provide further opportunity for both countries to 
promote economic growth through increased re gulatory transparency and coordination. 
(3) R
EGIONAL AND BILATERAL INITIATIVES  
52. Canada's economic well-being depends upon having access to global markets for its 
manufactured and agricultural goods, its natural re sources, and the products and services of its 
knowledge-based economy.  Canada also relies on gl obally sourced inputs, technology and expertise 
to improve the productivity and competitiveness of Canadian companies in both domestic and global markets.  
53. Guided by the Global Commerce Strategy and its  deepened engagement in the Americas, 
Canada is pursuing an ambitious free trade agenda  to enhance its economic  prosperity and help 
provide the foundation for sustainable economic and social development.  Canada's regional and 
bilateral free trade agreements complement Canada 's commitment to the multilateral trading system. 
Canada is working to further im prove Canada's competitiveness and support Canadian firms as they 
pursue opportunities in the global marketplace, by  securing competitive terms of access to additional 
markets, and increasing foreign direct investment in Canada and Canadian direct investment around 
the world. Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
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 54. Before Canada's last Trade Policy Review in 2007, Canada already had free trade agreements 
in force with the U.S. and Mexico (NAFTA, 1994), Israel (1997), Chile (1997) and Costa Rica 
(2002).  Since Canada's last Trade Policy Revi ew, Canada has concluded five new free trade 
agreements, of which two are in force (European Free Trade Association, Peru) and the remaining 
three are in the process of being ratified (Colombia, Pa nama, Jordan).  In addition, Canada is pursuing 
free trade negotiations with more than 40 countries.  Canada also has a seri es of Foreign Investment 
Promotion and Protection Agreements (FIPAs) and bilateral Science and Technology (S&T) 
agreements and arrangements – all of which help to make Canada more attractive to investors. 
(a) New and Updated Regional and B ilateral Free Trade Agreements 
Canada-European Free Trade Association 
55. The free trade agreement between Canada and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 
countries of Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liech tenstein, and related b ilateral Agreements on 
Agriculture entered into force on July 1, 2009.  The EFTA countries are significant economic partners 
for Canada.  Together, they were Canada's 6th largest merchandise export destination in 2010, and 
two-way merchandise trade was valued at $10.0 bill ion ($4.3 billion in Canadian exports and $5.7 
billion in imports).  In addition, two-way direct i nvestment stocks reached $31.0 billion at the end of 
2009.6 
Canada-Peru Free Trade Agreement 
56. The Canada-Peru Free Trade Agreement, La bour Cooperation Agreement and Agreement on 
the Environment entered into force on August 1,  2009.  Canada and Peru enjoy a robust trade 
relationship with two-way merchandise trade in 20 10 reaching more than $4.1 billion.  Canadian 
merchandise exports to Peru in  2010 were $478.4 million, an increase of 11.6 percent from 2008. 
Major Canadian exports to Peru  are cereals, m achinery, paper and paperboard, electrical and 
electronic equipment, and pulses (e.g., lentils, peas and beans).  The stock of Canadian direct investment in Peru totalled $2. 8 billion at the end of 2009. 
Canada-Colombia Free Trade Agreement 
57. The Canada-Colombia Free Trade Agreement, as well as parallel Agreements on Labour 
Cooperation and the Environment, received Roya l Assent on June 29, 2010.  Once the Colombian 
government has completed its domestic approval pr ocesses, both countries can determine a date for 
their entry into force.  Colombia is an establishe d and growing market for Canadian exporters (e.g., 
cereals, machinery, pulses (e.g., lentils, peas), pa per and paperboard, fertilizers, electrical and 
electronic equipment, and copper) and services providers, as well as a strategic destination for 
Canadian direct investment.  In 2010, total me rchandise trade between Canada and Colombia was 
valued at $1.4 billion, and Canada's cumulative dir ect investment in Colombia stood at $773 million 
at the end of 2009. 
                                                     
 
6 Inward FDI stock in Canada fr om Iceland is not available (exc luded for confidentiality reasons). WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
Page 16 
 
 
 Canada-Panama Free Trade Agreement 
58. The Canada-Panama Free Trade, Environmen t and Labour Cooperation Agreements are 
currently proceeding through Canada's domestic ap proval process.  Once approved by Parliament, 
Canada and Panama can work together  to determine a date for their entry into force.  Panama is an 
established and growing market for Canadian exporters , as well as a strategic destination for Canadian 
direct investment.  In 2010, Canada exported $1 29.5 million worth of merchandise to Panama in both 
the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. 
Canada-Jordan Free Trade Agreement 
59. The Canada-Jordan free trade negotiations were  formally launched in February 2008 and 
concluded in August 2008 after three rounds.  Th e goods-only free trade agreement, along with the 
related agreements on labour c ooperation and the environment, was signed in June 2009, and 
legislation to implement the three agreements was introduced into the Canadian Parliament in March 
2010.  Jordan has already completed its domestic procedures to implement the three agreements. 
Canada and Jordan will work toward implem enting the agreements as soon as implementing 
legislation is passed by the Canadian Par liament and the agreements are ratified. 
Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement 
60. The Canada-Israel Free  Trade Agreement came into force on January 1, 1997.  The goods-
only agreement eliminated tariffs on all industrial products manufactured in Canada and Israel.  In 
November 2003, Canada and Israel expanded the coverage of the agre ement to provide preferences to 
a large number of agricultural and agri-food produc ts.  In October 2010, the Canadian and Israeli 
Ministers responsible for trade discussed expanding the agreement and agreed that officials would 
start exploratory talks in order to work on m oving beyond the agreement currently in place by 
expanding its application. 
Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement 
61. The Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement entere d into force on July 5, 1997.  It is a 
comprehensive agreement that covers trade in goods and services, government procurement and the 
bilateral investment relationship, and is compleme nted by cooperation agreements on labour and the 
environment.  Negotiations for a Financial Services  Chapter were concluded in July 2008.  Legal 
review of the text is currently underway, af ter which it will proceed through Canada's domestic 
approval process for formal implementation. 
(b) Regional and Bilateral Free Trad e Agreements under Negotiation 
Canada-European Union Comprehensive Econom ic and Trade Agreement Negotiations 
62. At the May 2009 Canada-European Union (EU) Summit in Prague, Czech Republic, Leaders 
agreed to launch negotiations toward a Comprehe nsive Economic and Trade Agreement.  Canadian 
and EU Leaders asked negotiators to conclude the negotiations within two years, and a fast pace of 
negotiations is being maintained with six rounds of  negotiations having been held as of January 2011. 
Canada's provinces and territories are closely enga ged in the negotiations, attending sessions in areas 
wholly or partially under their jurisdiction.  On December 15, 2010, Minister of International Trade 
Peter Van Loan met with the European Union's Trad e Commissioner Karel De Gucht to take stock of 
progress in the negotiations.  Both were pleased with the progress thus far and agreed that the 
negotiations are on track to conclude in 2011. Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
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 Canada-India Comprehensive Economic Pa rtnership Agreement Negotiations 
63. On November 16, 2010, Canada and India launc hed the first round of free trade negotiations. 
Further negotiations will be held in  2011.  Negotiations are informed by  the results of a Joint Study on 
the potential benefits of a comprehensive economic partnership agreement betw een Canada and India. 
The Joint Study Group, comprised of Canadian and Indi an officials, concluded in the report that there 
was sufficient common ground to recommend moving ahead  with next steps towards negotiation of a 
comprehensive agreement covering substantially al l trade in goods and services; investment; trade 
facilitation; and other areas of economic cooperation,  as a ‘single undertaking', leading to additional 
trade flows and economic gains. 
Canada-Central America Four Free Trade Agreement Negotiations 
64. Canada and the Central America Four countri es of Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua and El 
Salvador launched free trade negotiations in 2001.  After almost nine years of talks, Canada and 
Honduras agreed to pursue bilateral negotiations in October 2010.  Canada and Honduras held two 
productive rounds in December 2010 and February 2011.  Canada remains open to re-engaging in 
negotiations with Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua after negotiati ons with Honduras are 
complete. 
Canada-Caribbean Community Free Trade Agreement Negotiations 
65. Canada and Caribbean Community (CARICOM ) member countries announced the launch of 
negotiations toward a trade agreement in 2007.  Building on the productive November 2009 first 
round, a successful second round of negotiations was held in March 2010.  Canadian and CARICOM 
officials are exploring possible dates for the next round.  
Canada-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement Negotiations 
66. Canada and the Dominican Republic launche d free trade negotiations in June 2007. 
Significant progress was made during the first nego tiating round in December 2007, but progress has 
been limited since then.  Officials met on December  10, 2009 and agreed to continue to exchange 
information.  
Canada-Ukraine Free Trade Agreement Negotiations 
67. Canada and Ukraine launched ne gotiations toward a comprehensive free trade agreement on 
June 15, 2010, following exploratory discussions in November 2009.  A successful first round of 
negotiations took place during the week of May 17- 21, 2010 in Kyiv.  A second round of negotiations 
is being rescheduled for the first half of 2011. 
Canada-Morocco Free Trade Agreement Negotiations  
68. On January 27, 2011, Prime Minister Stephen Harper and the Prime Minister of Morocco, 
Abbas El Fassi, announced the launch of negotia tions toward a Canada-Morocco Free Trade 
Agreement. WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
Page 18 
 
 
 Canada-Turkey Exploratory Discussions  
69. In October 2010, Canada and Tu rkey conducted formal exploratory discussions regarding the 
possibility of launching negotiations towards a comp rehensive free trade agreement.  Exploratory 
discussions are ongoing. 
Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement Negotiations 
70. Canada and the Republic of Korea launched free trade negotiations in July 2005.  
Negotiations have included discussions on tariff elim ination, trade facilitation, non-tariff measures, 
cross border trade in services, temporary entr y, investment, competition policy, government 
procurement, and intellectual property rights.  Canada and Korea met for a thirteenth round of 
negotiations in Ottawa, March 25-28, 2008, with progress achieved in several areas, and in particular 
on goods market access issues.  Negotiations ar e now well advanced, but at this point, no new 
negotiating rounds have been scheduled. 
(c) Other Bilateral Initiatives 
(i) Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreements 
71. Canada has 24 Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreements (FIPAs) in force 
with:  Poland (1990), Russia (1991), Czech Repub lic, Slovakia (1992), Argentina, Hungary (1993), 
Ukraine, Latvia (1995), Philippines, Trinidad  and Tobago (1996), Barbados, Ecuador, Egypt, 
Romania (1997), Panama, Thailand, Venezuela (1998), Armenia, Uruguay, Lebanon, Costa Rica 
(1999), Croatia (2001), Peru (2007) and Jordan (2009).   The majority of these treaties are based on the 
investment chapter of the NAFTA and share the fo llowing features: a broad definition of investment, 
obligations for national treatment and most-favoured  nation treatment applied at both the pre- and 
post-establishment phase, minimum standard of treat ment in accordance with international law, 
protection against expropriation without compensation,  free transfers of investment related funds, and 
access to investor-state arbitration and state-state dispute settlement mechanis ms to resolve disputes. 
72. Since its last TPR, Canada amended the ex isting treaties with Czech Republic, Latvia, 
Romania (signed 2009) and Slovak Republic (signed 2010), following their accession to the European 
Union.  Additionally, FIPAs were concluded w ith Madagascar, Kuwait and Bahrain in 2008, 2009, 
and 2010, respectively, but are not yet in force.  Agreements with South Africa and El Salvador, 
signed in 1995 and 1999, respectively, have never been ratified.  Canada has an active negotiating 
agenda with the following FIPA negotiations curren tly underway:  China, India, Indonesia, Mali, 
Mongolia, Poland (re-negotiation), Tanzania, Tunisia, and Vietnam.  As well,  there are investment 
chapters in a number of the preferential trade agre ements that Canada has signed, including: NAFTA 
(Chapter 11), Chile, Peru, Colombia, and Panama.  Th e Investment Chapters of the Peru and Panama 
FTAs supersede the existing FIPAs with those two countries. 
(ii) Science and Technology Agreements 
73. Over the years, Canada has entered into 8 bilateral Science and Technology (S&T) 
agreements (treaty-level) with France, Germany, Japan, EU, Israel, India, China and Brazil.  In 
addition, there are 3 bilateral Science and Tec hnology arrangements (MOU type) with South Korea, 
Chile and Sweden.  The older ones date back to th e late 1960s and early 1970s (France and Germany) 
through 1996 (with the European Un ion).  These agreements are general in nature seeking mainly to 
foster linkages in science and technology in areas of mutual benefit and on a self- funded basis. Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
 Page 19 
 
 
 74. Starting in 2005, Foreign Affair s and International Trade Canada  (DFAIT) has entered into a 
series of new generation treaty level agreements (China and Brazil; since 2007).  These agreements 
are with priority countries and focus on the involvement of the private sector and the commercialization of technology.  Additionally th e agreements are funded under the International 
Science and Technology Partnerships Program and so  meet the added criteria that the agreements 
provide a mechanism to administer dedicated fundi ng.  Consistent with the older generation S&T 
agreements, the establishment of joint committees and meetings to  administer the agreement are 
required.  Joint committees for more recent treaty  level agreements include representatives from 
academia and industry in addition to those from govern ment in order to focus the activities under the 
agreements on private-public-academic partners hips and collaboration for economic benefit. 
(4) U
NILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION INITIATIVES  
75. The Government of Canada has taken several uni lateral tariff relief measures since the last 
WTO Trade Policy Review.  These measures w ill not only enhance the competitiveness and 
productivity of Canadian manufacturers, they al so demonstrate an ongoing commitment to WTO 
principles of trade liberalization and open global markets. 
76. In its 2010 federal budget, the Governme nt of Canada announced unilateral tariff 
liberalization measures that eliminate the MFN a pplied rates of customs duty on 1,541 tariff items. 
The majority of these items, with a simple average MFN applied rate of 7.2 percent, became duty-free 
effective as of March 5, 2010, with the remainder scheduled to be gradually eliminated, starting on 
March 5, 2010, by no later than January 1, 2015.7 As a result of this action, Canada will have 
eliminated all remaining MFN applied rates of customs duty on manufacturing inputs and machinery 
and equipment and liberalized an additional $5 b illion in annual dutiable im ports.  This will position 
Canada as a tariff-free zone for industrial manufacturers, a first among the G-20. 
77. During the past two years, the Government of Ca nada has also taken steps to liberalize trade 
in ships where MFN applied rates of customs duty can  be up to 25 percent.  First, the Government 
extended the moratorium on customs duties on te mporarily imported Mobile Offshore Drilling Units 
(MODUs).  In May 2009, the Government extended for a further five years an existing remission 
order on these items8.  By continuing to remit duties pa id on temporarily imported MODUs, the 
Government provides a stimulus to offshore oil and gas exploration that will lead to further economic 
benefits downstream.  Secondly,  the Government announced on Oct ober 1, 2010, the implementation 
of a new duty remission framework for imported car go vessels, tankers and large-sized ferry-boats. 
The Government estimates the new remission framework for ships will lead to annual customs duties 
savings of $25 million over 10 years for Canadian sh ip-owners, leading to lower overall transportation 
costs for downstream users in a variety of agricultural and industrial sectors9. 
                                                      
7 Government of Canada Budget, "Chapter 3.3", 2010: http://www.budget.gc.ca/2010/plan/chap3c-
eng.html#a42.  Canada Border Services Agency, "T ariff Notice TN-49", 2010: http://www.cbsa.gc.ca/trade-
commerce/tariff-tarif/2010/tn49-eng.html. 
8 Canada Gazette, "Order Amending the Mobile  Offshore Drilling Units Remission Order, 2004", 
2009: http://www.gazette .gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2009/2009-05- 13/html/sor-dors129-eng.html. 
9 Canada Gazette, "Ferry-Boats, Tankers and Cargo Vessels Remission Order, 2010", 2010: 
http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2010/201 0-10-13/html/sor-dors202-eng.html. WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
Page 20 
 
 
 78. Finally, Canada has also undertaken a number of trade facilitative measures since the last 
TPR.  In 2009, the Government of Canada took a measure liberalising the conditions under which 
shipping containers can be temporarily imported into Canada on a duty-free basis10.  In 2010, 
following the earthquake in Haiti, Canada announced a specific trade facilitating measure for Haitian 
exports.  The measure allows Haitian exports to Canada to be transhipped through the Dominican 
Republic without losing duty-free treatment under Canada's preferential tariff treatments for 
developing and least-developed countries11 
(5) CANADA IN OTHER MULTILATERAL FORUMS  
(a) Group of Twenty 
79. The Group of Twenty (G-20) has taken an increasingly active role in pushing for the 
conclusion of the Doha Round of negotiations.  At  the various summits from 2008 to 2010, Canada, 
among other leaders, expressed its commitment to the conclusion of an ambitious and balanced Doha 
agreement, and ultimately directed negotiators to en gage in across-the board negotiations to bring the 
Doha negotiations to a successful conclusion.  Canada was pleased to host the G-20 Summit in 
Toronto in June 2010, where Leaders discussed and reaffirmed their commitment to the Doha 
negotiations in the context of fighting protec tionism and promoting trade and investment. 
80. At the G-20 Summit in Seoul in November 2008, G-20 Leaders pledged to band together 
against protectionism in order to encourage a quicker global recovery.  This commitment was 
renewed by G-20 Leaders in 2009 a nd in June 2010, when Leaders renewed this commitment until the 
end of 2013.  Canada continues to be very supporti ve of the monitoring work that the WTO and other 
international organizations have  undertaken during the course of the economic crisis.  The WTO 
overview reports on developments in  the international trading envi ronment have helped discourage 
the slide towards protectionism by affording great er transparency and understanding of the trade 
policies and practices of Members.  Securing re covery from the economic crisis requires that 
Canadian markets be kept open and that concrete measures are taken to actively promote the opening 
of trade and investment through the national reduction of barriers. 
(b) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 
81. Since Canada's last Trade Policy Review, Canada  has used its participation in Asia-Pacific 
Economic Cooperation (APEC) to advance key Canadian  trade policy interests including support for 
the WTO Doha Development Agenda, support for it s regional trade and investment promotion and 
policy objectives, and making the Asia-Pacific region more accessible to Canadian businesses.  
82. Canada's engagement at APEC for the review period also included capacity building for trade 
and investment facilitation, human security, food secu rity, as well as areas that complement parallel 
work at the WTO, the G-20, and other multilateral fo ra.  For instance, Canada has been collaborating 
with other APEC economies to share informa tion on environmental goods and services.  These 
discussions and related activities contribute  to ongoing negotiations at the WTO. 
                                                      
10 Canada’s Economic Action Plan, "Facilitating the Movement of Goods in International Shipping 
Containers": http://www.actionplan.gc.ca/initiatives/eng/index.asp?mode=7&initiativeID=43. 
11 Canada Gazette, "Haiti Deemed Direct Shipment (General Preferential Tari ff and Least Developed 
Country Tariff) Regulations", 2010: http://www.gaze tte.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2010/2010-03-31/html/sor-dors58-
eng.html. Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
 Page 21 
 
 
 (c) Organisation for Economic Co -operation and Development 
83. Over the course of the period under review, Cana da participated actively and constructively in 
efforts to reorient the Organisation for Econom ic Co-operation and Development (OECD) trade 
agenda toward “next generation” trade policy issues.   For part of this period, Canada chaired the 
Working Party of the OECD Trade Committee, a nd in that capacity was instrumental in the 
implementation of the new orientation, as well as  some unplanned for, but ultimately valuable, 
analyses of the effects on trade of measures taken during the recent financial and economic crisis.  
84. Of the activities pursued under the new prior ities (i.e., non-tariff measures, understanding 
services trade, and communicating the benefits of tr ade liberalisation and the cost of protectionism), 
Canada has been particularly active in ensu ring that the work on measuring services trade 
restrictiveness is robust and methodical, and that its  utility to trade policy and future negotiations is 
maximized.  Canada has also pursued an activ e engagement in other issues such as trade and 
development, aid for trade, trade facilitation, and some innovative analyses of the changing nature of 
comparative advantage and the role of global value chains. 
85. Canada was among the OECD members to a dvocate the “enhanced engagement” in the 
OECD of the advanced emerging economics (i.e., Br azil, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa). 
In pursuit of this enhanced enga gement, Canada has been a vocal advocate of regularising greater 
involvement of these five countries in the work of  the OECD Trade Committee to increase its global 
relevance and impact.  Canada was involved in – and in fact proposed the establishment of – an 
informal group tasked with updating the Trade Comm ittee's Global Relations Strategy, the results of 
which has been an even greater opening of its activity to emerging economies. 
86. Finally, Canada has been actively engaged in the OECD Working Party on Export Credits and 
Credit Guarantees, which is responsible for the development and maintenance of disciplines on 
officially supported export credits .  As one of the Participants to the Arrangement on Officially 
Supported Export Credits, Canada has been a key pl ayer in discussions of a variety of sectoral 
understandings, and in modernizing the terms and cond itions of official export credits more generally. 
(6) RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES  
87. Since the last review, Canada has been involved in several disputes litigat ed at the WTO.  As 
both a complainant and a third party, Canada u tilized the WTO dispute settlement mechanism to 
address trade barriers that are inconsistent with the WTO Agreement (including the covered agreements).  Canada has also participated in di spute settlement proceedings to respond to complaints 
from Members alleging the inconsistency of Canadian measures under the WTO Agreement. 
88. Canada has continued to seek improvements to the Dispute Settlem ent Understanding (DSU) 
that will serve Members' shared interests in enha ncing compliance with trade rules and ensuring the 
integrity and credibility of the rules-based system with both Members and the wider public.  To this 
end, Canada places great importance on achieving a successful outcome to the DSU negotiations and 
has been an active participant in the discussions to date. 
(7) T
RADE PROMOTION  
89. Canada manages 156 trade offices in Canadian  Embassies and Consulates located in 105 
countries around the world, as well as 18 regional and satellite offices across Canada.  The trade staff 
in these offices, along with those at headquarter s, deliver services to the Canadian business 
community to support and enhance its participation in international markets and increase companies' WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
Page 22 
 
 
 interaction with global business partners.  Th ey promote Canada as a partner of choice for 
international business by facilitating the exchange of two-way trade and investment, innovation and 
talent between Canada and the rest of the world.  The specific services offered are:  preparation for 
international markets, market potential assessme nt, qualified contacts, and problem solving.  
90. Canada has strengthened its international a nd domestic network by opening new offices and 
adding personnel abroad in key emerging markets.  It has enhanced the service offering to Canadian 
business clients by offering expertise in selected pr iority sectors to enable Canadian companies to 
integrate successfully into the global economy, commercialize world-class technologies, build on 
strengths in strategic sectors, and capitalize on negoti ated market access to fast-emerging markets and 
regional powers.  Similar trade and investment  promotion activities are undertaken by certain 
provincial governments in Canada. 
(8) OTHER KEY INITIATIVES  
(a) Environmental Assessments 
Sustainable Development 
91. Canada is committed to ensuring the environmenta l sustainability of its trade negotiations by 
ensuring mutually supportive trade and environm ental outcomes.  The reduction of trade barriers 
plays a key role in facilitating the exchange of  environmentally friendly technologies and the 
establishment of investment rules that help  create conditions for technology transfers. 
92. At the same time, an increase in global econom ic integration and investment may have an 
impact on Canada's domestic Fede ral Sustainable Development Strate gy (FSDS) goals and targets. 
Through the Strategic Environmental Assessment (E A) of trade negotiations, important impacts on 
the FSDS goals and targets will be assessed.12  This enables negotiators to consider whether existing 
regulations are sufficient to mitigate an y identified impact and to examine the  need for additional  
mitigation. 
93. The Framework for the Environmenta l Assessment of Trade Negotiations13 outlines the 
assessment process.  It provides for a three ph ased assessment:  (i) Initial EA (a preliminary 
examination to identify potential key issues);  (ii) Dr aft EA (builds on the findings of the Initial EA 
and provides detailed analysis of those issues);  and (iii) Final EA (takes place at the conclusion of the negotiations). 
94. The Secretariat's Report for Canada's 2007 TPR referred to the then ongoing development of 
Canada's Environmental Assessment of the Doha Round.  This work has been suspended pending 
further developments in the negotiations. 
                                                     
 
12 Environment Canada, "Planning for a Sustainable Future: A Federal Sustainable Development 
Strategy for Canada", 2010, page 8:  http://www.e c.gc.ca/dd-sd/9E362EF7-74F6-4189-8AAF-B966EB2F9157/ 
FSDS_v4_EN.pdf. 
13 The full document is available at:  http://www .international.gc.ca/trad e-agreements-accords-
commerciaux/ds/Environment.aspx?lang=en. Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
 Page 23 
 
 
 (b) Inter-Provincial Trade Initiatives 
95. The Agreement on Internal Trade (AIT) came in to effect in 1995.  Recognising the existence 
of significant differences in trade and investment  policies and practices between the federal and 
provincial governments, and across provinces, the AIT aims to “reduce and eliminate, to the extent 
possible, barriers to the free movement of persons , goods, services and investment within Canada, and 
to establish an open, efficient and stable domestic market”.14  All provinces and territories except 
Nunavut are signatories.  Under the AIT, the federal,  provincial, and territorial governments agreed to 
focus on 11 sectors or policy instruments that offer the greatest potential for the reduction of barriers.  
These are: government procurement; environmenta l protection; consumer-related measures and 
standards; labour mobility; investment; agricu ltural and food products; alcoholic beverages; 
communications; transportation; natural resources processing; and energy. 
96. The AIT is an evolving agreement that federal- provincial-territorial member Ministers of the 
Committee on Internal Trade (CIT) aim to improve.  Since 2007, federal, provincial, and territorial 
governments have made additional progress in stre ngthening the AIT to further remove barriers to 
labour mobility and agricultural trade.  A more  enforceable government-to-government dispute 
resolution process was also finalized. 
97. In August 2009, a revised Labour Mobility Ch apter came into effect.  The new AIT 
provisions ensure that a worker certified for an occupation by a regulatory authority of one province or territory is recognized as qualified to practice in that occupation by all other provinces and territories.  Certified workers are no longer required to undergo additional material training, testing or 
re-assessment, resulting in seamless recognition acro ss Canada.  In June 2010, CIT Ministers agreed 
to expand the scope of the Labour Mobility Chapte r to include coverage of regulated financial 
services occupations, which was not previously covere d in the list of occupations.  Once the necessary 
amendments are completed, the revised Labour Mobility Chapter will apply to all regulated 
occupations across Canada.  There are few exceptions  that may be made on the basis of achieving a 
legitimate objective, such as public health, security and  consumer protection, but a province or 
territory imposing an additional re quirement on a worker must demonstrate its necessity to achieve 
such an objective.  To ensure transparency, any additional requirements required by a province or 
territory are posted publicly at the AIT's website.
15 
98. In November 2010, a revised Agricultural and Food Goods' Chapter, covering the trade of 
agricultural and food products, came into effect.  Specifically, revisions were made to extend the 
scope of non-discriminatory commitments that provi de for free trade of agricultural and food goods 
across provincial and territorial boundaries beyond  the modest number of “technical” measures 
previously covered.  A “technical” measure includes a technical regulation, a standard, a sanitary or 
phytosanitary measure, or a conformity assessment pro cedure that is applied to an agricultural or agri-
food good.  Further, the Chapter excludes the core  functions of supply management systems (e.g., 
provincial marketing boards  and production quotas). 
99. The revised Chapter is intended to foster good regulatory practices among governments when 
they introduce regulations for agricultural and food goods .  It aims to liberaliz e trade in agricultural 
and food goods.  If challenged, a jurisdiction would n eed to prove that its regulation did not restrict 
trade more than necessary in pursuit of a legitima te objective (e.g., health and safety of the public, 
consumer protection).  
                                                      
14 "Agreement on Internal Trade – Consolidated Version", 2010, Article 100:  http://www.ait-
aci.ca/index_en/ait.htm. 
15 Agreement on Internal Trade Website: http://www.ait-aci.ca/. WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
Page 24 
 
 
 100. In addition to the strengthened trade provi sions, CIT Ministers implemented a stronger 
dispute resolution mechanism for government-to- government disputes under the AIT in October 
2009.  As part of the new enforcement provisions,  monetary penalties may be imposed on Canadian 
governments for continued failure to comply with AIT obligations.  Penalties vary by jurisdictions 
with a maximum of $5 million against the Governme nts of the larger provinces and the Government 
of Canada.  Federal, provincial a nd territorial governments are also required to have mechanisms for 
ensuring payment.  Other improvements include the establishment of an appeal process and new 
qualification standards for roster members.  In 2009, Canada's Premiers also directed CIT Ministers to 
develop options to improve the person-to- government dispute resolution mechanism. 
101. In addition to the AIT, some provinces have advanced their own complementary agreements 
to liberalize internal trade further in their regi ons.  British Columbia and Alberta signed a Trade, 
Investment, and Labour Mobility Agreement in Ap ril 2006, which was fully implemented in April 
2009.  Subsequently, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan entere d into the New West 
Partnership Trade Agreement which will come into fu ll effect in 2013.  The scope of these agreements 
goes beyond the AIT and includes enforceable dispute mechanisms for both government-to-
governments and person-to-government internal trade disputes.  They are widely seen as models for 
further liberalization of internal trade in the rest of Canada. 
102. Other provincial governments have also concl uded regional co-operation agreements.  On 
February 24, 2009, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia 's Partnership Agreemen t on Regulation and the 
Economy came into force.  It is designed to stre amline regulatory procedures in these provinces.  On 
October 1, 2009, the Trade and Co-operation Agre ement between Quebec a nd Ontario came into 
effect.  It aims to increase investment and tr ade between the two provinces and reduce barriers to 
business and endorses a cooperative approach to addressing these challenges. 
(c) Government Procurement Initiatives 
103. Since 2007, major changes to statutes affecting government procurement were put in place 
under the authority of the Federal Accountability Act .  The intended effect of the changes was to 
promote transparency, to ensure accountability and to prevent corruption.  This included a legislative 
commitment to fairness, openness and tran sparency in the bidding process under the Financial 
Administration Act  (FAA).  Amendments to the FAA also authorise the creation of regulations to 
establish integrity provisions in Federal Government contracts, including, for example, the prohibition 
of the payment of contingency fees to persons to whom the Lobbying Act applies.  New legislation 
also called for the appointment of a Procurement Ombudsman by amending the Department of Public 
Works and Government Services Act .  Under this Act and its appli cable regulations prescribing duties 
and functions, the Procurement Ombudsman has the aut hority to review the procurement practices of 
federal departments and agencies on an ongoing b asis for the purposes of verifying fairness and 
transparency.  The Ombudsman can recommend impr ovements and review complaints from suppliers 
for transactions that fall outside the scope of th e trade agreements.  Further, under the Treasury 
Board's Contracting Policy, the federal governme nt implemented a proactive disclosure policy 
requiring the public disclosure of basic informa tion regarding contracts exceeding ten thousand 
Canadian dollars. 
104. Canada is an active participant in the WT O Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) 
negotiations and strives for an ambitious outcome in  terms of both market access and transparency. 
Going forward, Canada is hopeful for a successful conclusion to the GPA negotiations.  In 2008, the 
Government of Canada procured approximately $16 billion Canadian dollars in goods, services and 
construction services.  Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
 Page 25 
 
 
 105. Since 2007, Canada has negotiated a number of  Government Procurement Chapters in new 
Free Trade Agreements, including those with Pe ru, Panama and Columbia.  The Government 
Procurement Chapter negotiated w ith Chile concluded in 2006 and came into force in 2008.  In 
February 2010, Canada conclude d the Canada-U.S. Agreement on G overnment Procurement, which 
for the first time includes commitments at the sub -federal level.  Specifically, Canada now includes 
entities from two territories and all ten provinces unde r its GPA commitments with respect to goods, 
services and suppliers from the U.S.  This coverage has been offered to other GPA parties subject to 
negotiation of mutually acceptable commitments. 
(d) Cabinet Directive on Streamlining Regulation 
106. Regulation is an important tool for protecting the health and safety of Canadians, preserving 
the environment and securing the conditions fo r an innovative and prosperous economy.  The 
Government of Canada's key po licy governing regulation is the Cabinet Directive on Streamlining 
Regulation (CDSR) that came into effect on Ap ril 1, 2007.  The CDSR introduces several key 
improvements, including a more comprehensive manage ment approach with specific requirements for 
the development, implementation, evaluation and revi ew of regulations.  The CDSR applies to federal 
departments and agencies with regulatory author ity, and includes principles and processes for the 
adoption and recognition of international standards. 
107. The objective of the Cabinet Directive is to en sure the greatest net benefit for Canadians and 
is advanced largely through the development a nd publication of the Regulatory Impact Analysis 
Statement (RIAS) and through consultations with st akeholders.  The RIAS fosters a more effective 
and efficient regulatory system by clearly de monstrating the impacts of regulation on the 
environment, and the health, safety, security, an d social and economic well-being of Canadians.  
Furthermore, the RIAS considers issues relating to the impacts of a regulation on competitiveness, 
consumers, administrative burden and trade. 
(e) Science-based Approach in Agriculture 
108. As an importer and exporter of agricultural produc ts, Canada is an advocate for a transparent, 
science-based approach to international rules and standards.  This is the basis for Canadian 
participation in multilateral fora, such as the WTO,  and the cornerstone of the Canadian domestic 
regulatory approach. 
109. Canada supports the development and use of science-based measures to help protect human, 
animal or plant life or health, to advance global food security objectives and to increase predictability 
in international trade flows.  Ensuring consumer protection and avoiding unnecessary barriers to 
international trade through science-based appro aches promotes continued advancement in innovative 
agricultural technologies. 
(f) Growing Forward Agricultural Policy Framework 
110. In 2003, the federal, provincial, and territo rial governments implemented the Agricultural 
Policy Framework (APF) to position Canada as the world leader in food safety and quality, innovation 
and environmentally responsible agriculture produc tion.  In 2008, the Growing Forward (GF) policy 
framework replaced the APF, build ing on APF successes with a vision for a profitable, innovative, 
competitive, market-oriented agriculture, agri-food and agri-based products industry. WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
Page 26 
 
 
 111. GF is funded by the federal and provincial/te rritorial governments on a 60:40 basis.  The 
framework provides significant flexibility for provin ces and territories to design and deliver programs 
that address local priorities while supporting shared national outcomes.  
112. As most GF programming expires on March 31, 2013, work is currently underway to develop 
Growing Forward 2 (GF2).  GF2 will continue to focus on policy areas which will provide the sector 
the greatest opportunity to derive more of its income from the market while being resilient and able to 
adapt to challenges. 
(g) Canada's Intellectual Property Regime – Notifications since 2007 
Amendments to Canada's “Pr oceeds of Crime” Regime 
113. On March 25, 2010, amendments were made to the Criminal Code's confiscation of “proceeds 
of crime” regime to allow Canadian enforcemen t authorities to seize assets obtained through large 
scale copyright infringement, in orde r to improve the enforcement of copyright and to contribute to 
deterring large scale copyright piracy  in Canada.  Offences under the Copyright Act  were previously 
excluded by regulation from the ambit of this regime. 
Bill C-59: Amendments to the Criminal Code 
114. In June 2007, Bill C-59 was enacted whereby th e Criminal Code was amended to outlaw the 
unauthorized recording of movies in movie theatres.   These amendments are intended to deter the 
supply of pirated movies available for distribution as the illicit copying of movies is an activity that 
contributes to the illegal dissemination of films around the world.  They ensure that any police force in Canada has the jurisdiction to enforce it in order to respond quickly and efficiently to the 
unauthorized recording of films. 
Bill C-47: the Olympic and Paralympic Marks Act 
115. This legislation provided speci al, time-limited intellectual property protection for Olympic 
and Paralympic words and symbols in the lead up to and during the Vancouver 2010 Winter Games. 
The Olympic and Paralympic Marks Act  strengthened the exclusiv e rights of the Vancouver 
Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Para lympic Winter Games (VANOC) over these 
words and symbols and improved its ability to ne gotiate sponsorship agreements with businesses 
interested in associating themselves with the 2010 Winter Games. 
Patented Medicines (Notice of Compliance) Regulations:  June 2008 and November 2010 
Amendments 
116. The Patented Medicines (Notice of Compliance) (PM(NOC)) Regulations  help to balance the 
effective patent enforcement over new and innovative drugs with th e timely entry of their lower 
priced generic competitors.  The PM(NOC) Regulations came into force in March 1993 and were 
subsequently amended in 1998,  1999, 2006, 2008 and 2010. 
117. The purpose of the June 2008 amendments was to  reinforce the predictability, stability and 
competitiveness of Canada's intellectual property regime for pharmaceuticals by reaffirming and 
clarifying that patents eligible for protection under the PM(NOC) Regulations  as they were prior to 
October 5, 2006 ("grandfathered" patents) remain  so until expiry.  Further amendments to the 
PM(NOC) Regulations  were made in November 2010 to better align the French and English versions 
of certain provisions, and also to clarify the la nguage of the “consent” time extension provisions. Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
 Page 27 
 
 
 Canada's Access to Medicines Regime:  2007 Statutory Review 
118. Canada's Access to Medicines Regime (CAMR) implements the August 30, 2003 decision of 
the General Council of the WTO.  CAMR's  implementing legislation amended the Patent Act  to 
enable a Canadian pharmaceutical manufacturer to apply to Canada's Commissioner of Patents for a 
compulsory license to export a lower cost, generic version of a patented pharmaceutical product to a 
developing or least-developed country unable to  manufacture its own.  It also amended the Food and 
Drugs Act to require that pharmaceutical products e xported under CAMR be reviewed by Health 
Canada according to the same safety, efficacy and quality standards as those destined for the 
Canadian market. 
119. In November 2006, the Government initiated a statutorily-mandated review of the amending 
legislation establishing CAMR, with the release of a consultation paper seeking public input on key 
aspects of CAMR.  In April 2007, the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science 
and Technology undertook a paralle l study of CAMR's operational pr ovisions.  That same month, a 
developing countries workshop on CAMR was orga nized by non-governmental organizations.  The 
Government completed its review of all of the in formation which came to light through these multiple 
sources in May 2007, the results of which are set forth in a report titled “Report on the Statutory 
Review of Sections 21.01 to 21.09 of the Patent Act .” 
120. At the time of the Governmental review in 2007, CAMR had not yet been used.  The review 
concluded that insufficient time had passed and insufficient evidence had accumulated since the 
coming into force of CAMR to warrant legislative changes to the regime, and that the Government 
should focus on non-legislative measures to improve  access to medicines in the developing world, 
until a more definitive assessment could be made.  CAMR has since been used once: in 2008-2009, 
Apotex, Inc. used the regime to manufacture and export two shipments of a patented antiretroviral 
medication to Rwanda. 
Bill C-32: Copyright Modernization Act - 2010-11 
121. On June 2, 2010, the Government of  Canada introduced Bill C-32, the Copyright 
Modernization Act .  This legislation: provides legal pr otection for businesses that choose to use 
technological protection measures or "digital locks", to protect their intellectual property as part of their business models;  implements the rights and protections of the World Intellectual Property Organization Internet Treaties, which brings Canada  in line with international standards;  gives 
copyright owners the tools they need to combat piracy;  clarifies the roles and responsibilities of ISPs 
and search engines;  promotes creativity and new methods of teaching in the classroom by providing 
greatly expanded exceptions for education;  enc ourages innovation in the private sector through 
exceptions for technical computer processes;  and gives consumers the ability to, among other things, 
record their favourite TV shows to watch at a c onvenient time using the technology of their choice, 
put music from a CD on their MP3 player, or create a mash-up and post it on a social media website.  
122. Bill C-32 passed Second Reading in the House of  Commons on November 5, 2010 and at the 
time of writing it was being reviewed by a legislative committee.   
III. CONSULTATIONS AND TRANSPARENCY  
123. Canada values highly the involveme nt of its diverse citizenry in the development, design, and 
evaluation of public policies and services as they rela te to international commerce.  This involvement 
is facilitated through formal and informal consultation and citizen  outreach processes and mechanisms 
that are transparent, accessible and accountable.  More precisely, Canadians play an important role in WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
Page 28 
 
 
 identifying options and priorities in the developmen t and review of Canada's  international commerce 
policies, programs and services.  Working with in and across all levels of government, Canada 
continues its broad based approach to eliciting the views of the general public and stakeholders from 
the business, industry and academic research commun ities, as well as interested citizen-based 
organizations and public interest groups. 
124. Canada has a long-standing practice of federa l-provincial consultati on with regard to 
international trade.  The Government of Canada  remains committed to an open and collaborative 
approach to international trade negotiations.  DFAIT manages a series of formal consultation 
mechanisms with provinces and territories on interna tional trade issues at the senior official, deputy 
ministerial, and ministerial levels.  This appro ach promotes information-sharing and open dialogue 
and ensures that Canadian positions are informed by provincial and territorial views regarding trade in 
goods, services, investment, government procuremen t and intellectual property.  Provincial and 
territorial officials were invited to join as members of official governmental delegations to successive 
WTO meetings of ministers in 2008-2009.  An ex tensive program of briefings was developed by 
DFAIT for provincial and territorial officials on-s ite to keep them informed and engaged in the 
negotiations.  The Canadian federal government closely consults provincial and territorial 
governments on negotiations in certain areas who lly or partially under their jurisdiction. 
125. On the management of WTO trade disputes, th e federal government seeks the participation of 
appropriate provinces and territories when Canada  must respond to a dispute involving provincial 
programs or measures.  Representatives of provinces a nd territories are then invited to participate in 
proceedings as subject matter experts on the Canadian delegation, which is headed by an official of 
the Government of Canada.  When Canada ch allenges another country's  measure or program, 
provinces and territories are kept closely informed. 
126. Canada works with provinces and territories to address municipal and community-based 
questions regarding Canada's trade agreemen ts and negotiations (e.g., services, government 
procurement and investment).  DFAIT co-chairs a Joint Working Group with the Federation of 
Canadian Municipalities which provides a useful forum for exchange and dialogue with federal 
negotiators and allows for municipal perspectives and concerns to be factored into the international 
trade policy formulation process. 
127. Canada also attaches great importance to the role  of parliamentarians in developing Canada's 
trade agenda.  The work of parliamentar y committees serves as the key instrument for 
parliamentarians to contribute to the developmen t of Canada's trade strategy.  Further, the 
Government tables international treaties, including free trade agreements, in the House of Commons 
for a period of 21 sitting days before taking steps to bring these treaties into force.  This new process 
allows further parliamentary deba te and review of Canada's in ternational agreements.  DFAIT 
supported specific initiatives to enhanc e parliamentary engagement in inte rnational trade.  It has also 
collaborated with international parliamentary orga nizations and the WTO to help organize a number 
of trade workshops and outreach events for par liamentarians on the WTO, the Doha Round and 
regional and bilatera l trade agreements. Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
 Page 29 
 
 
 128. Canada is committed to a consultative framework that engages non-governmental 
stakeholders.  At the forefront is the Minister of International Trade's Small and Medium-sized 
Enterprises (SME) Advisory Board which meets with the Minister semi annually to provide strategic private sector advice on key international commerce questions and issues affecting SMEs.  These 
meetings provide an opportunity to hear about the challenges that  affect the ability of Canadian 
companies to do international business as well as to provide input on international business 
development strategies.  Ad-hoc consultations are also held to address specific issues that arise. 
129. Senior Government of Canada officials also me et with the public on a regular basis.  Through 
various sector advisory boards, senior business leaders provide tactical input on policy and program 
developments, and provide strategic advice on ali gning government programs and services to industry 
needs.  Non-governmental organizations a nd academics are consulted on specific issues. 
130. While DFAIT plays a key role in managing dom estic consultations on Canada's overall trade 
policy agenda and objectives at the WTO, other federa l departments also play an important role in 
leading consultations in specific areas.  The De partment of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 
(AAFC) is committed to close intergovernmental collaboration and broad stakeholder engagement on 
issues impacting the agricultural and agri-food sector.  The involvement of provincial and territorial 
governments, at both the political and official le vel, ensures the policy development process is 
transparent and open.  Regular engagement with industry representatives provides an opportunity for 
sectoral interests to have their views heard, thereby actively contribu ting to the process.  
131. AAFC also manages a series of formal c onsultation mechanisms with provinces and 
territories on agriculture and agri-food issues at th e senior official, deputy, and ministerial levels. 
These federal-provincial-territorial meetings provi de a venue for dialogue on concurrent issues, 
promote consistency and suppor t for national and international programming initiatives, and 
demonstrate the unique nature of regional agri-economies. 
132. In 2008, federal, provincial and territorial  governments implemented the Growing Forward 
Agreement (GF) to better position the sector to achie ve long-term profitability.  The development of 
the next framework, GF2, reflects the collaboration between Canada and its pr ovincial and territorial 
partners.  The consultative framework for GF2 is al so designed to promote inclusion and transparency 
by providing opportunities for a broad range of public and industry participation in the policy 
development process.  This approach will contribu te to clear and consistent communications across 
federal, provincial and territorial  governments on the development of  GF2 and will provide Canadians 
and value chain stakeholders with the opportunity to  provide input into the GF2 development process.  
133. In the spring of 2010, federal, provincial and te rritorial governments held a series of national 
and regional engagement sessions with industry stak eholders.  Over 400 farm leaders and other key 
value chain stakeholders engage d with federal, provincial and territorial governments on the long-
term challenges and opportunities facing the sector.  Following these meetings, federal, provincial and 
territorial governments had further discussions on the parameters for an analytical policy framework 
which would encompass both national and provinc ial areas of policy concern, leading to the 
development of the GF2 framework.  
134. Building on this momentum, federal, provincial and territorial governments will host a series 
of cross country meetings in the spring of 2011,  with national organizations;  young farmers and 
innovative producers and processors;  and regional asso ciations.  Online submissions will also be 
accepted to ensure all Canadians have an opportunity to contribute to the policy development process.  
The final phase of industry engagement on program op tions is tentatively scheduled for winter 2012. WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
Page 30 
 
 
 IV. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT 
135. At a time when as many as 2.6 billion people worldwide are living on less than $2 a day, 
available evidence demonstrates that sustainable econom ic growth is critical to reducing poverty.  For 
developing countries to reduce significantly the nu mber of people living in poverty, they must 
stimulate long-term, sustainable economic growth.  Ca nada's approach to trade and development rests 
on the fundamental economic principle that open trade and liberalisation contribute positively to 
economic growth and development.  
136. Canada also recognizes that the achievement of significant political, economic, social, and 
environmental progress in the developing world will  have a positive impact  on prosperity and long-
term security, sustain a reduction in poverty for billio ns of people and contribute to a better and safer 
world.  This is because dynamic, growing economi es create jobs and higher incomes, and become 
markets for Canadian goods and services.  To date countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America have 
shown repeatedly that growing the economy is the best way to help people permanently lift 
themselves out of poverty.  
137. Economic growth, in turn, generates the financ ial resources that governments of developing 
countries need to invest in the well-being of th eir citizens.  When gove rnments create the right 
economic conditions, they can spur investment and innovation, and stimulate trade.  They can produce 
a fair, open and equitable marketplace in which th e enterprises that drive the economy can grow and 
succeed and in which the people behind these governments can prosper.  
138. Canada's own experience of sustainable econom ic growth underscores the importance of open 
trade and free markets governed by prudent polic y and sound regulation.  The Government of 
Canada's Sustainable Economic Growth Stra tegy, with its emphasis on building economic 
foundations, growing businesses, and investing in peopl e, aims for concrete results that will make a 
significant and sustainable difference in reducing global poverty. 
V. TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT 
139. Canada is committed to work towards ensuri ng that trade and environmental protection 
objectives and policies are mutually supportive, incl uding in the context of multilateral, regional and 
bilateral dialogue, cooperation, engagement, ne gotiations and agreements.  The Government 
continues to believe that liberalized trade and e nvironmental protection are important components of 
sustainable development and that they should be fully integrated into the policy-making process. 
140. In the current round of trade negotiations at th e WTO, Canada continues to work with other 
members towards the reduction and, as appropriate, elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers on 
trade in environmental goods, as well as the liberali sation of environmental services.  Canada also 
supports policy coherence in the area of trade an d environment through the promotion of domestic 
coordination among trade and environmental experts,  and regular information exchange between the 
WTO Committees and multilateral environmental agreements Secretariats. 
141. Canada's approach for the incorporation of e nvironmental considerations in bilateral and 
regional free trade negotiations continues to evolve.  Canada's focus is to ensure that the parties will 
maintain high levels of envir onmental protection and effectively enforce their environment laws.  
Canada's model also aims at strengthening the capac ity, the integrity and the transparency of national 
environmental systems, promoting sustainable development and the protection of a party's right to regulate in the public interest, and providing opportuni ty to engage strategically on key environmental 
issues. Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
 Page 31 
 
 
 VI. TRADE AND LABOUR 
142. Canada addresses the labour dimensions of economic  integration and the promotion of respect 
for fundamental labour principles and rights thro ugh the negotiation and implementation of Labour 
Cooperation Agreements (LCAs) with its free trade pa rtners.  To date, Canada is signatory to the 
North American Agreement on Labour Cooperation with the U.S. and Mexico, the Canada-Chile 
Agreement on Labour Cooperation, the Canada-Cos ta Rica Agreement on Labour Cooperation and 
the Canada-Peru Agreement on Labou r Cooperation.  In addition, si milar agreements have been 
signed with Panama, Jordan and Colombia, but are not yet in force.  LCAs negotiated in tandem with 
Free Trade Agreements, seek to improve working c onditions and living standards in the signatory 
countries, and to protect and enhance basic worker s' rights.  The negotiation of labour cooperation 
agreements is an element of negotiations underway.  
143. Canada's perspective on policy coherence in the ar ea of trade, employment and labour is also 
demonstrated through support for multilateral proc esses.  Since the 2001 Summit of the Americas, 
Canada has championed the promotion of core labour  standards and better working conditions, as well 
as improvement of the institutional capacity of labo ur ministries in the hemisphere through the Inter-
American Conference of Ministers of Labour whic h operates under the Organization of American 
States.  Canada also supports the work of th e International Labour Organization, including the 
promotion and realization of the Decent Work Agenda. 
144. The Government of Canada's International Trade and Labour Program provides the Labour 
Program with the flexibility to support labour capacity -building activities in countries that usually, but 
not necessarily, have negotiated or are negotiating la bour cooperation agreemen ts with Canada.  The 
yearly budget for this program is $1.9 million.  In addition, the  Labour Program manages the 
International Program for Professional Labour Ad ministration (IPPLA) which is a three-year, 
$9 million project, jointly financed by CIDA and the Labour Program.  Since 2009, under IPPLA, the 
Labour Program draws upon its network of part ners in Canada and overseas to develop and 
implement projects for building capacity and strengt hening governance in the labour area, mainly in 
countries in the Andean, Central American a nd Caribbean regions.  Under IPPLA, the Labour 
Program also manages a $675,000 Responsive Fund th at builds upon the Labour Program's lengthy 
history of sharing best practices and expertise and that responds to modest proposals from Labour 
Ministries, other government agencies, and social partners involved in labour administration. 
VII. CONCLUSION 
145. Canada is a trading country, and internationa l commerce is the lifeblood of its economy.  
Increased exposure to international competition has energized the Canadian economy, spurred 
innovation, attracted foreign investment and create d hundreds of thousands of jobs for Canadians.  
Canada's current and future prospe rity depends on an international framework of rules that provides 
access to growing world markets and keeps pace w ith changes in technology and business practices.  
Such rules also contribute to maintain ing Canada's high standard of living. 
146. When faced with the global economic downturn that originated beyond Canadian borders, 
Canada was well positioned to weather the economic storm.  As the global recovery remains very 
fragile, Canada recognizes the need to continue keeping its markets open and to take concrete 
measures to actively promote the liberalization of trade and investment by reducing national barriers 
and preventing new protectionist measures. WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
Page 32 
 
 
 147. Canada is a great beneficiary of an open, transparent and rules-based multilateral trading 
system.  Freer trade is a fundamental contributor to  Canada's productivity, gr owth and prosperity, and 
ensures Canada's competitiveness in global markets.   Canada's openness to trade and commitment to 
reducing barriers, evidenced through unilateral ta riff reduction as well as the negotiation of bilateral, 
regional, and multilateral trade ag reements, remains the strong foun dation upon which Canadian trade 
policy is developed and implemented. Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
 Page 33 
 
 
 ANNEX 1 
 
CANADA'S 
SUBMISSIONS TO TH E WTO IN SUPPORT  
OF THE DOHA DEVELOPMENT AGENDA 
2007-February 2011  
(WTO Document Symbol in Parentheses)  
 
Committee on Agriculture, Special Session 
• Elements of Special Product Modalities – Communication from Australia, Canada, Costa 
Rica, Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Tha iland, United States and Uruguay (JOB(08)/24) 
• A Potential Methodology to Determine In-Quot a Ad Valorem Tariff Equivalents (AVEs) – 
Communication from Canada (JOB(09)/141) 
• Analysis of the Volume-Based Special Safegua rd Mechanism (SSM) – Implications for the 
Architecture of the SSM – Communication by Australia and Canada (JOB/AG/10) 
 
Council on Trade in Services, Special Session  
• Understanding on the scope of coverage of CPC 84 – Computer and Related Services – 
Committee on Specific Commitments – Communi cation from Albania, Australia, Canada, 
Chile, Colombia, Croatia, the European Comm unities, Hong Kong, Chine, Japan, Mexico, 
Norway, Peru, The Separate Customs Territo ry of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, 
Turkey and the United States (S/CSC/W/51;  TN/S/W/60) 
• Review of Progress in Financial Services – Communication from Canada (JOB(07)/203) 
• Review of Progress in Architectural, Engineering and Integrated Engineering Services – 
Communication from Canada (JOB(07)/204) 
 
Negotiating Group on Market Access  
• Reducing Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade related to  Labelling of Textiles, Apparel, Footwear, 
and Travel Goods – Canada Respon ses to US Questionnaire (JOB/07/36) 
• Trade Liberalization of Fish and Fish Pr oducts – Communication from Canada, Iceland, 
Norway, New Zealand, Panama, Singapore and Thailand – Addendum (TN/MA/W/63 Add.2) 
• Non Tariff Barriers - Proposal on Procedures fo r the Facilitation of Solutions to NTBs –
Communication from the African Group, Cana da, European Communities, LDC Group, 
NAMA-11 Group of Developing Countries, New Z ealand, Norway, Pakistan and Switzerland 
(TN/MA/W/88) 
• Ministerial Decision on Procedures for the Facilitation of Solutions to Non-Tariff Barriers – 
Communication from the European Communities on behalf of the African Group, Canada, 
European Communities, LDC Group, NAMA-11 Group of Developing Countries1, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan and Switzerland (JOB(07)/194) 
• Joint paper on Revised Draft Modalities for Non Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) –
Communication from Canada, the European  Communities, New Zealand, Norway, 
Switzerland and the United States (TN/MA/W/95) 
• Sectoral Negotiations in Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) – Communication from 
Canada;  European Communities;  Hong Kong,  China;  Iceland;  Japan;  Korea;  
New Zealand;  Norway;  Oman;  the Separate  Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen 
and Matsu;  Singapore;  Switzerland;  Tha iland;  the United Arab Emirates;  and the 
United States (TN/MA/W/97) WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
Page 34 
 
 
 • Sectoral Negotiations in Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) – Communication from 
Canada;  European Communities;  Hong Kong,  China;  Iceland;  Japan;  Korea;  
New Zealand; Norway;  Oman; the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen 
and Matsu; Singapore;  Switzerland;  Thailand;   the United Arab Emirates; and the United 
States - Revision (TN/MA/W/97 Rev.1) 
• Tariff Elimination in the Gems and Jewelle ry Sector – Communication from Hong Kong, 
China;  Japan, the Separate Customs Territo ry of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu; 
Singapore;  Switzerland;  Thailand and the United States – Addendum (TN/MA/W/61 Add.3) 
• Negotiating Proposal on Tariff Liberalisation in the Forest Products Sector – Communication 
from Canada;  Hong Kong, China;  New Zealand;  Singapore;  Switzerland; Thailand and the 
United States – Addendum (TN/MA/W/75 Add.1) ;  (previously circulated as JOB(06)128)  
• Negotiating Proposal on Tariff Liberalisation in the Forest Products Sector – Communication 
from Canada; Hong Kong, China;  New Zealand;  Singapore; Switzerland;  Thailand and the 
United States – Revision (TN/MA/W/75 Add.1 Rev.1); (previously circulated as JOB(06)128)  
• Liberalisation of Trade in Fish and Fish  Products – Communication from Canada; Hong 
Kong, China; Iceland;  New Zealand;  Norw ay;  Oman;  Singapore;  Thailand and Uruguay – 
Addendum (TN/MA/W/63 Add.3) 
• Ministerial Decision on Procedures for the fac ilitation of solutions to Non-Tariff Barriers – 
Communication from the African Group, Canada , European Union, LDC Group, NAMA-11, 
Group of Developing Countries, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan and Switzerland 
(TN/MA/W/106) 
• A proposal to amend language in the NAM A text related to sectoral initiatives – 
Communication from Canada, Chinese Taipei, th e European Communiti es, Japan, Korea, 
New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, Thailand, and the United States (JOB(08)/70) 
• Proposed language to replace paragraphs 7( g) and (h) of document TN/MA/W/103/Rev.1 – 
Communication from Canada, the European Communities, Japan, Switzerland and the United 
States (JOB(08)/68) 
• DRAFT Modalities for the Liberalisation of Tariffs in the Gems and Jewellery Sector – 
Communication from Canada;  Chinese Taipei;  the European Communities;  Hong Kong, 
China;  Japan;  Norway;  Singapore;  Switzerland;  Thailand and the United States 
(JOB(08)/64) 
• DRAFT Modalities for the Liberalisation of Tariffs in the Forest Products Sector – 
Communication from Canada;  Hong Kong, China;  New Zealand; Singapore;  Switzerland; Thailand;  and the United States (JOB(08)/63) 
• DRAFT Modalities for the Liberalisation of  Tariffs on Fish and Fish Products – 
Communication from Canada; Hong Kong, China;  Iceland;  New Zealand;  Norway;  Oman; 
Singapore;  Thailand;  and Uruguay (JOB(08)/62) 
• DRAFT Modalities for the Liberalization of Tariffs in the Chemicals Sector – 
Communication from Canada, Chinese Taipei, th e European Communiti es, Japan, Norway, 
Singapore, Switzerland and the United States (JOB(08)/61) 
• DRAFT Modalities for the Liberalisation of Tariffs in the Industrial Machinery Sector – 
Communication from Canada, Chinese Taipei, th e European Communiti es, Japan, Norway, 
Singapore, Switzerland and the United States (JOB(08)/60) 
• Questions on the Non-Tariff Barrier (NTB ) Proposals – Communication from Canada 
(JOB(09)/31) 
• Questions on the Non-Tariff Barrier (NTB ) Proposals - Communication from Canada – 
Corrigendum (JOB(09)/31 Corr.1) Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
 Page 35 
 
 
 • Answers by the co-sponsors to Questions rai sed during Chair's NTB session of 19.03.2009 
regarding the proposed "Ministerial Decision on pr ocedures for the facilitation of solutions to 
non-tariff barriers" – Communication from th e co-sponsors (African Group, Canada, 
European Communities, LDC Group, NAMA-11, Group of Developing Countries, 
New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan and Switzerland) – Revision (TN/MA/W/110 Rev.1) 
• Answers by the co-sponsors to Questions rai sed during Chair's NTB session of 19.03.2009 
regarding the proposed "Ministerial Decision on pr ocedures for the facilitation of solutions to 
non-tariff barriers" – Communication from th e co-sponsors (African Group, Canada, 
European Communities, LDC Group, NAMA-11, Group of Developing Countries, 
New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan and Switzerland) (TN/MA/W/110) 
• Answers by the co-sponsors to Questions rai sed during Chair's NTB session of 19.03.2009 
regarding the proposed "Ministerial Decision on pr ocedures for the facilitation of solutions to 
non-tariff barriers" – Communication from th e co-sponsors (African Group, Canada, 
European Communities, LDC Group, NAMA-11, Group of Developing Countries, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan and Switzerland) – Corrigendum (TN/MA/W/110 Corr.1) 
• DRAFT Modalities for the Liberalisation of Tariffs in the Gems and Jewellery Sector – 
Communication from Canada;  Chinese Taipei;  the European Communities; Hong Kong, 
China;  Japan;  Norway;  Singapore;  Switzerland;  Thailand and the United States – Addendum (JOB(08)/64 Add.1) 
• DRAFT Modalities for the Liberalisation of Tariffs in the Forest Products Sector - 
Communication from Canada;  Hong Kong, China;  New Zealand;  Singapore;  Switzerland; 
Thailand; Ukraine and the United Stat es – Addendum (JOB(08)/63 Add.1) 
• Ministerial Decision on Procedures for the fac ilitation of solutions to Non-Tariff Barriers 
• Communication from the African Group, Canada , European Union, LDC Group, NAMA-11, 
Group of Developing Countries, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan and Switzerland – Revision 
(TN/MA/W/106 Rev.1) 
• Canada's Questions on the Chemical Proposal  from the EU – Communication from Canada 
(JOB/MA/21) 
• Canada's Questions on the Chemical Proposal  from Argentina and Brazil - Communication 
from Canada (JOB/MA/20) 
• Understanding on Non-Tariff Barriers Pertaining to Standards, Technical Regulations, and 
Conformity Assessment Procedures for Auto motive Products - Communication from Canada 
and the United States (TN/MA/W/139) 
• Co-Sponsors' Answers to questions from Japan on U.S.-Canada "Understanding on Non-
Tariff Barriers Pertaining to Standards, Techni cal Regulations, and Conformity Assessment 
Procedures for Automotive Products Proposed by Canada and the United States" – 
Communication from the co-sponsors (Can ada and United States) (JOB/MA/64) 
• Co-Sponsors' Answers to African Group Questions on the "Agreement on non-tariff barriers 
pertaining to standards, technical regulations, and conformity assessment procedures for automotive products" (United States-JOB(08)/46) – Communication from the co-sponsors (Canada and United States) (JOB/MA/63) 
• Responses by the Co-Sponsors to the Questi ons raised by the United States on the 
"Ministerial Decision on Procedures for the Facilitation of Solutions to Non-Tariff Barriers 
(TN/MA/W/106/Rev.1)" – Communication from the African Group, Canada, European Union, LDC Group, NAMA-11 Group of Developing Countries, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan and Switzerland (JOB/MA/67) 
• Responses by the Co-Sponsors to the Questions raised by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on 
the "Ministerial Decision on Procedures for the Facilitation of Solutions to Non-Tariff 
Barriers (TN/MA/W/106/Rev.1)" – Communi cation from the African Group, Canada, WT/TPR/G/246 Trade Policy Review 
Page 36 
 
 
 European Union, LDC Group, NAMA-11 Group of Developing Countries, New Zealand, 
Norway, Pakistan and Switzerland (JOB/MA/66) 
• Responses by the Co-Sponsors to the Questions /Comments by Israel on the "Ministerial 
Decision on Procedures for the Facilitation of Solutions to Non-Tariff Barriers 
(TN/MA/W/106/Rev.1)" – Communication from the African Group, Canada, European 
Union, LDC Group, NAMA-11 Group of Developing Countries, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan and Switzerland (JOB/MA/69) 
• DRAFT Modalities for the Liberalization of Tariffs in the Chemicals Sector – 
Communication from Canada, the European Communities, Japan, Norway, Singapore, 
Switzerland, Chinese Taipei and the Unite d States – Addendum (JOB(08)/61 Add.1) 
 
Negotiating Group on Rules 
• Fisheries Subsidies Article II De Minimis  Exemption – Communication from Canada 
(TN/RL/GEN/156) 
• Fisheries Subsidies Article II De Minimis  Exemption – Communication from Canada – 
Revision (TN/RL/GEN/156 Rev.1) 
 
Dispute Settlement Body, Special Session 
 
• Textual Contribution to the Negotiations on Impr ovements and Clarifications of The Dispute 
Settlement Understanding – Non- Paper presented by Argentina, Brazil, Canada, India, New 
Zealand and Norway – Revision (JOB(04)/52 Rev.1)  
Trade Facilitation 
• Draft Text on Separation of Release from Clearance - Communication from Canada and 
Switzerland – Revision (TN/TF/W/136 Rev.1)  
• Customs Co-operation – Communication from Canada (TN/TF/W/154)  
• Draft Text on Advance Rulings – Communicati on from Australia, Canada, Turkey and the 
United States (TN/TF/W/153)  
• Draft Text on Border Agency Coordination – Communication from Canada and Norway – 
Revision (TN/TF/W/128 Rev.1)  
• Draft Text on Separation of Release from Clearance – Communication from Canada and 
Switzerland – Revision (TN/TF/W/136 Rev.2)  
• Draft Text on Border Agency Coordination – Communication from Canada and Norway – 
Revision (TN/TF/W/128 Rev.2)  
• Draft Text on Advance Rulings – Communicati on from Australia, Canada, Turkey and the 
United States - Revision (TN/TF/W/153 Rev.1)  
 
Committee on Trade and Environment, Regular and Special Session 
• Continued Work under Paragraph 31(ii) of the Doha Ministerial Declaration - Non-Paper by 
Canada (JOB(07)/38) 
• Continued Work under Paragraph 31 (iii) of the Doha Ministerial Declaration - Non-Paper by 
Canada, the European Communities, Japan, Ko rea, New Zealand, Norway, the Separate 
Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, Switzerland, and the United States 
of America (JOB(07)/54) 
• Continued Work under Paragraph 31(ii) of the Doha Ministerial Declaration - Submission 
from Canada and New Zealand (TN/TE/W/71) Canada WT/TPR/G/246 
 Page 37 
 
 
 • Communication under Paragraph 31 (iii) of the Doha Ministerial Declaration – Non-Paper by 
Canada, the European Communities, Japan, Ko rea, New Zealand, Norway, the Separate 
Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, Switzerland, and the United States 
(JOB(09)/132) 
 
Council on TRIPS, Regular & Special Session  
• Notification under Paragraph 2(c) of the D ecision of 30 August 2003 on the Implementation 
of Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health – Canada 
(IP/N/10/CAN/1) 
• Report on the Implementation of Article 66. 2 of the TRIPS Agreement – Canada – 
Addendum (IP/C/W/497 Add.6) 
• Technical Co-operation Activities: Inform ation from Members – Canada – Addendum 
(IP/C/W/496 Add.6) 
• Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectua l Property Rights - Review of Legislation – 
Questions posed by Canada (IP/C/W/512) 
• Proposed Draft TRIPS Council Decision on the Establishment of a Multilateral System of 
Notification and Registration of Geographical Indication for Wines and Spirits – Submission 
by Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, 
El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Nicaragua, 
Paraguay, the Separate Customs Territory of  Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu and the 
United States – Revision (TN/IP/W/10 Rev.1) 
• Proposed Draft TRIPS Council Decision on the Establishment of a Multilateral System of 
Notification and Registration of Geographical Indications for Wines and Spirits – Revision 
(TN/IP/W/10 Rev.2) 
• Transitional Review Mechanism of China – Communication from Canada (IP/C/W/524) 
• Review under Paragraph 8 of the Decision of  30 August 2003 on the Implementation of 
Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TR IPS Agreement and Public Health – Canada 
(IP/C/W/526) 
• Report on the Implementation of Article 66. 2 of the TRIPS Agreement – Canada – 
Addendum (IP/C/W/519 Add.5) 
• Technical Cooperation Activities:  Inform ation from Members – Canada – Addendum 
(IP/C/W/517 Add.5) 
• Review of Legislation – Questions  posed by Canada (IP/C/W/527) 
• Technical Cooperation Activities: Informa tion from Members – Canada – Addendum 
(IP/C/W/539 Add.5) 
• Report on the Implementation of Article 66. 2 of the TRIPS Agreement – Canada – 
Addendum (IP/C/W/551 Add.6) 
• Technical cooperation activities – Informa tion from Members – Canada – Addendum 
(IP/C/W/550 Add.6) 
 
__________