Proposals to Amend the New Zealand 
(Maximum Residue Limits of Agricultural 
Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
 
NZFSA Discussion paper series; 05/10  
June 2010 
 
Online 
ISBN number 978-0-478-33722-8 
ISSN number 1177-7478Print 
ISBN number 978-0-478-33721-1 
ISSN number 1179-6055 Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
 
  
I
MPORTANT DISCLAIMER  
 
Every effort has been made to ensure the in formation in this document is accurate. 
 
NZFSA does not accept any responsibility or liabilit y whatsoever for any error of fact, omission, 
interpretation or opinion that may be present, however it may have occurred. 
 
Further copies 
 
Requests for further copies should be directed to:   
 
New Zealand Food Safety Authority 
P O Box 2835 
WELLINGTON 
Telephone: (04) 894-2500 
Fax: (04) 894-2583 
 
 
Website 
 
A copy of this document can be found at: http://www.nzfsa.govt.nz/policy-law/consultation/index.htm  
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
2Submissions  
NZFSA seeks submissions from all interested parties on any aspect of the document.  The 
following points may be of assistance in preparing comments: 
• Wherever possible, comment should be specific  to a particular section in the document.  All 
major sections are numbered and these numbers should be used to link comments to the document. 
• Omissions should be clearly and separately indicated. 
• Comments should be to the point and, wher e possible, reasons and data to support 
comment are requested. 
• The use of examples to illustrate  particular points is encouraged. 
• As a number of copies may be made of your comments, please use good quality type, pr 
make sure the comments are clearly hand-written in black or blue ink. 
Please include the following information in your submission: 
• The title of the discussion document; 
• Your name and title (if applicable); 
• Your organisation’s name (if applicable); 
• Your address; 
• The number(s) of the sections you are commenting on. 
Please submit your response by 5:00pm on Wednesday 4
th August 2010 to: 
MRL Amendments, Policy Group, New Zealand Food Safety Authority 
PO Box 2835, Wellington, fax: (04) 894 2583, or email: policy@nzfsa.govt.nz  
The Official Information Act 1982 (the OIA) stat es that information is to be made available 
unless there are grounds for withholding it.  The grounds for withholding information are outlined 
in the OIA.  Submitters may wish to indicate  any grounds for withholding information contained 
in their submission.  Reasons for withholding information could include that information is 
commercially sensitive or that  the submitters wish personal information such as names or 
contact details to be withheld.  NZFSA will take  such indications into account when determining 
whether or not to release information.  Any decis ion to withhold information requested under the 
OIA may be reviewed by the Ombudsman. 
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
3Table of Contents 
Table of Co ntents.................................................................................................... 3  
Introducti on............................................................................................................. 4  
Backgrou nd............................................................................................................. 4  
Summary of Proposed  Amendment...................................................................... 6  
Next Steps ............................................................................................................... 7  
1 Proposal to set MRLs  for Derquantel ......................................................... 8  
2 Proposal to set an MR L for Forams ulfuron ............................................. 10  
3 Proposal to set an MRL for  Iodosulfuron-me thyl-sodi um..................... 12  
4 Proposal to set an MRL for Maleic Hydrazide ......................................... 14  
5 Proposal to set an MRL f or  Mesosulf uron-methyl ................................. 17  
6 Proposal to set an MRL for Methoxyf enozide ......................................... 19  
7 Proposal to set an MRL for Spirotet ramat ............................................... 22  
8 Proposal to set MRLs for Sulphur Dioxide .............................................. 25  
9 Proposal to set an MRL for Uniconaz ole-P.............................................. 27  
10 Proposal to exempt Benzalkonium  Chloride from an MRL.................... 29  
11 Proposal to exempt Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin from an MRL ..... 31  
12 Proposal to exempt Pine Oil from an  MRL............................................... 33  
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
4Introduction 
The New Zealand Food Safety Authority (NZFSA) invites public comment on this discussion 
document which outlines proposals to amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Limits of 
Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010.  
Maximum residue limits (MRLs) are the maximum legal limits for residues of agricultural 
compounds and veterinary medicines in food for sale in New Zealand.   
MRLs are primarily a tool for monitoring the use of agricultural compounds in accordance with 
good agricultural practice (GAP).  GAP is not explic itly defined or regulated, but is the generally 
accepted means for producing safe primary produc e in a particular location while taking account 
of climate, pests or diseases an d other environmental factors.   
MRLs are used to minimise risks to public health  by ensuring that chemical residues in food are 
as low as practicable, without compromising the ability of the chem ical to succes sfully do what 
is intended.  
Background 
MRLs are set out in the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Limits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards. The Standards are amended a number  of times each year to reflect changes 
in the use of agricultural compounds in the production of food.  The current MRL Food 
Standards 2010 are on the NZFSA website at: http://www.nzfsa.govt.nz/policy-
law/legislation/food-standards/index.htm  
NZFSA administers the MRL Standards, but the final decision on any changes to the Standards 
rests with the Minister for Food Safety.  Under section 11E of the Food Act, when amending or 
issuing the MRL Standards, the Minister must take into account the following: 
• the need to protect public health 
• the desirability of avoiding unnecessary restrictions on trade 
• the desirability of maintaining consistency between New Zealand's food standards and 
those applying internationally 
• New Zealand's obligations under any relevant  international treaty, agreement, convention, 
or protocol, and, in particular, under the Australia-New Zealand Joint Food Standards 
Agreement 
• such other matters as the Minister considers appropriate.  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
5There are two stages in determining an appropria te MRL.  Firstly, GAP for the use of the 
particular agricultural compound in production of a particular food must be determined.  
Secondly, it must be demonstrated that the resi dues arising from the use of the agricultural 
compound in accordance with GAP are unlikely to pose any human health risks.  MRL 
proposals are set at a level that supports GAP and allows for the monitoring of compliance with 
GAP.   
The New Zealand Food Safety Authority (NZFSA) assesses MRL proposals in accordance with 
internationally accepted methodologies, such as those utilised by the expert committees 
advising the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex).   
Possible implications for public health are considered during the toxicological and dietary risk 
assessments, by comparing the es timated dietary intake with a Potential Daily Exposure (food) 
(PDE food) or, where there is no PDE food, by comparing it with the A cceptable Daily Intake (ADI). 
A PDE food is a value determined by a toxicologica l evaluation by the Environmental Risk 
Management Authority New Zealand  as part of its responsi bilities under the Hazardous 
Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 (the HSNO Act), which has some responsibility for 
managing public health.1  A PDE food gives the potential daily exposure a person may be subject 
to from a substance, via food.  The ADI and PDE food are largely equivalent, as they are 
determined using the same set of toxicology data and in a very similar scientific process. 
An ADI is defined by the World Health Organiza tion (WHO) as: “The daily intake which, during 
an entire lifetime, appears to be wi thout appreciable risk on the basis of all the known facts at 
the time”.  “Without appreciable risk” has been fu rther defined as: “the practical certainty that 
injury will not result even after a lifetime of exposure”.  ADIs are established by the WHO and 
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations joint expert committees, made up of 
toxicologists and residue specialists.  The ADI information from these joint committees also 
feeds into Codex, which sets international MRLs. 
Information on the technical assessment of each proposal is included in this document and 
covers (where relevant) the following:  
• rationale 
• chemical information 
• good agricultural practice (GAP) 
• residues information 
                                                      
 
1The purpose of the HSNO Act is “to protect the environment, and the health and safety of people and communities, by 
preventing or managing the adver se effects of hazardous subs tances and new organisms”.    Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
6• dietary risk assessment 
• toxicological / public health assessment 
• international MRLs. 
NZFSA has reviewed the estimated dietary exposur e assessments for the applications of these 
proposals and has determined that the residues  associated with the proposed MRLs do not 
present any public health and safety concerns. 
Summary of Proposed Amendment 
New MRLs 
NZFSA proposes to add the following new MRLs to the Standards:  
• 0.1mg/kg for derquantel in sheep fat, muscle and offal 
• 0.01mg/kg for foramsulfuron in maize 
• 0.01mg/kg for iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium in cereals 
• 15mg/kg for maleic hydrazide in bulb vegetables 
• 0.01mg/kg for mesosulfuron-methyl in wheat 
• 0.1mg/kg for methoxyfenozide in avocados 
• 0.1mg/kg for spirotetramat in kiwifruit 
• 10mg/kg for sulphur dioxide in blueberries, grapes and longans 
• 0.5mg/kg for uniconazole-P in avocados.  
MRL Exemptions 
NZFSA proposes to exempt the following MRLs from the Standards 
• MRLs for benzalkonium chloride when used on pome fruits 
• MRLs for bromochlorodimethylhydantoin when used on fruits and vegetables 
• MRLs for pine oil when used as a herbicide.  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
7Next Steps 
Following the closing date for submissions (5:00pm on Wednesday 4th August 2010), all 
submissions will be considered a nd analysed before a recommendation is made to the Minister 
for Food Safety, the Hon Kate Wilkinson, who makes the final decision on issuing any 
amendments to the Food Standards.   
If an amendment is agreed upon, it will be signed by  the Minister for Food Safety and will come 
into force 28 days after being published in the New Zealand Gazette.  
   
 
      
 
      
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
81 Proposal to set MRLs for Derquantel  
It is proposed that MRLs are set for derquantel wh en used as a veterinary medicine for sheep. It is 
proposed that Schedule One of the NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010 be amended to include the 
following; and that this will be the re sulting entry for derquantel in Sc hedule One of t he NZ (MRL) Food 
Standards 2010: 
Compound CAS# Residue definition Food Maximum Residue 
Limit (mg/kg) 
Derquantel 187865- 22-1 Derquantel Sheep Fat 
Sheep Muscle Sheep Offal 0.1 
0.1 0.1 
 
Amendment Rationale 
The proposed MRLs represent a new registration in New Zealand for the active ingredient derquantel. 
The proposed MRLs will manage the new uses of de rquantel as an anthelmintic treatment for sheep, 
to the application rates and withholding period s that are approved GAP in New Zealand. 
Chemical Information 
Common name of compound Derquantel 
Use of compound Anthelmintic 
Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry number 187865-22-1 
Type of compound Spiroindole 
Administration method Oral drench 
 
Good Agricultural Practice 
Derquantel is approved for use as an anthelmintic  drench for sheep.  Application is of 2mg of 
derquantel per kg of bodyweight, with a withholding period of 14 days being approved for its use in a 
registered product.   
Residues Information  
Residue data for derquantel supports an MRL of 0.1m g/kg for all tissues.  An MRL of 0.1mg/kg is 
therefore proposed to support GAP.  
Dietary Risk Assessment 
Potential daily exposure via food (PDE (food)) 0.005mg/kg bw/day 
 
The PDE (food) is a value set by the Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA), which 
represents the proportion of the ac ceptable daily exposure (ADE) to a substance via the food route as  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
9relevant to the New Zealand population.  The methodology for calculation of these values is set out in 
the Hazardous Substances (classes 6, 8, and 9 controls) Regulations 2001 and can be found at 
www.legislation.govt.nz . 
The chronic dietary exposure to derquantel is esti mated by the National Estimated Dietary Intake 
(NEDI) calculation encompassing all registered uses of the chemical and food consumption data 
based upon the 1997 National Nutritional Survey for a dults and the 1995 National Nutrition Survey of 
Australia, for children. The NEDI calculation is made in accordance with Guidelines for predicting 
dietary intake of pesticide residues (revised)  [World Health Organisation, 1997]. 
The NEDI for derquantel is equivalent to less than 2% of the PDE (food). It is therefore concluded that 
the chronic dietary exposure is sm all and the risk is acceptable. 
Toxicological / Public Health Assessment   
It has been determined that the use of derquantel as an anthelmintic drench for sheep according to 
the GAP specified above, is very unlikely to pose  any health risks from consumption of treated 
produce.   
Other International MRLs 
Food imported to New Zealand must comply with either Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) 
MRLs, New Zealand’s domestic MRL Standards, or, if  no appropriate Codex or domestic MRL exists, 
the default MRL of 0.1mg/kg.   
To meet New Zealand’s obligations under the Agre ement on the Application of Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary Measures the proposed MRLs will be notified to the World Trade Organization.  Any 
country may choose to comment if they believe t he proposed MRLs represent a barrier to their trade.  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
102 Proposal to set an MRL for Foramsulfuron  
It is proposed that an MRL is set for foramsulfuron when used as a herbicide for control of  
broad-leaved and grass weeds in maize. It is pro posed that Schedule One of the NZ (MRL) Food 
Standards 2010 be amended to include the following; and that this will be the resulting entry for 
foramsulfuron in Schedule One of the NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010: 
Compound CAS# Residue definition Food Maximum Residue 
Limit (mg/kg) 
Foramsulfuron 173159-57-4 Foramsulfuron Maize 0.01(*) 
NOTE: (*) indicates that the maximum residue limit has been set at or about the limit of analytical 
quantification. 
Amendment Rationale 
The proposed MRL represents a new registration in New Zealand for the active ingredient 
foramsulfuron. The proposed MRL will manage the new use of foramsulfuron when used as a 
herbicide for control of broad-leaf and grass weeds in maize, to the application rates and withholding 
periods that are approved GAP in New Zealand. 
Chemical Information 
Common name of compound Foramsulfuron 
Use of compound Herbicide 
Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry number 173159-57-4 
Type of compound Sulfonylurea 
Administration method Spray 
 
Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) 
Foramsulfuron is approved as a herbicide for control of broad-leaf and grass weeds in maize.  
Application is made once before weeds reach the 5 leaf stage (broadleaf weeds) or before tillering 
(grass weeds) at a rate of 45gai/ha, with a withholdi ng period of “do not apply after the 8 leaf stage”.  
Residues Information  
Residue data for maize supports a limit of detec tion MRL of 0.01mg/kg for foramsulfuron when 
treatment is made before the 8 leaf  stage. An MRL of 0.01mg/kg is therefore proposed to support 
GAP. 
Dietary Risk Assessment 
Potential daily exposure via food (PDE (food)) 0.35mg/kg bw/day  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
11The PDE (food) is a value set by the Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA), which 
represents the proportion of the ac ceptable daily exposure (ADE) to a substance via the food route as 
relevant to the New Zealand population.  The methodology for calculation of these values is set out in 
the Hazardous Substances (classes 6, 8, and 9 controls) Regulations 2001 and can be found at 
www.legislation.govt.nz . 
The chronic dietary exposure to foramsulfuron is es timated by the National Estimated Dietary Intake 
(NEDI) calculation encompassing all registered uses of the chemical and food consumption data 
based upon the 1997 National Nutritional Survey for a dults and the 1995 National Nutrition Survey of 
Australia, for children. The NEDI calculation is made in accordance with Guidelines for predicting 
dietary intake of pesticide residues (revised)  [World Health Organization, 1997]. 
The NEDI for formasulfuron is less than 0.01% of the PDE (food). It is therefore concluded that the 
chronic dietary exposure is sma ll and the risk is acceptable. 
Toxicological / Public Health Assessment   
It has been determined that the use of foramsulfuron as a herbicide for control of broad-leaf and grass 
weeds in maize according to the GAP specified above, is very unlikely to pose any health risks from 
consumption of treated produce.   
Other International MRLs 
Compound Food Maximum Residue Limit (mg/kg) 
European Commission   
Foramsulfuron Maize 0.01* 
Japan   
Foramsulfuron Corn (maize, including pop 
corn and sweet corn) 0.01 
US   
Foramsulfuron Corn, field, grain/corn, field, 
forage/ corn, field, stover/corn, 
pop, grain/corn, pop, 
forage/corn, pop, stover; corn, sweet, forage; corn, sweet, 
kernel plus cob with husks 
removed; corn, sweet, stover Exempt 
 
Food imported to New Zealand must comply with either Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) 
MRLs, New Zealand’s domestic MRL Standards, or, if  no appropriate Codex or domestic MRL exists, 
the default MRL of 0.1mg/kg.   
To meet New Zealand’s obligations under the Agre ement on the Application of Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary Measures the prop osed MRL will be notified to the Wo rld Trade Organization.  Any 
country may choose to comment if they believe t he proposed MRL represents a barrier to their trade.  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
123 Proposal to set an MRL for  
Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium  
It is proposed that an MRL is set for iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium when used as a herbicide for control 
weeds around cereals. It is proposed that Schedule One of the NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010 be 
amended to include the follo wing; and that this will be the result ing entry for iodosulfuron-methyl in 
Schedule One of the NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010: 
Compound CAS# Residue definition Food Maximum Residue 
Limit (mg/kg) 
Iodosulfuron-
methyl-sodium 144550-36-7 Iodosulfuron-me thyl Cereals 0.01(*) 
NOTE: (*) indicates that the maximum residue limit has been set at or about the limit of analytical 
quantification. 
Amendment Rationale 
The proposed MRL represents the extension of uses  for iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium to cover use on 
maize, as iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium has previous ly been approved for use on small grain cereals it 
is appropriate to promulgate a ce real crop grouping MRL. The proposed MRLs will manage all uses of 
Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium as a herbicide for contro l weeds around cereals, to the application rates 
and withholding periods that are approved GAP in New Zealand. 
Chemical Information 
Common name of compound Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium 
Use of compound Herbicide 
Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry number 144550-36-7 
Type of compound Triazinylsulfonylurea 
Administration method Spray 
 
Good Agricultural Practice 
Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium is approved as a herbicide for cereals. Application is once in the season 
during tillering or before the 8 leaf stage in  maize, at rates of up to 7.5gai/ha.   
Residues Information  
Residue data for cereals supports a limit of quantification MRL of 0. 01mg/kg for iodosulfuron-methyl-
sodium when the last treatment is made prior to the end of tillering, or the 8 leaf stage for maize.  An 
MRL of 0.01mg/kg is therefore proposed to support GAP.   Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
13Dietary Risk Assessment 
Acceptable Daily Intake 0.03mg/kg bw/day 
 
The potential daily exposure via food (PDE (food)) is used for dietary intake calculation where a value 
has been set.  An appropriate acceptable daily in take (ADI) is used in the absence of a PDE (food). 
The chronic dietary exposure to iodosulfuron-methy l-sodium is estimated by the National Estimated 
Dietary Intake (NEDI) calculation encompassing a ll registered uses of the chemical and food 
consumption data based upon the 1997 National Nutritional Survey for adults and the 1995 National 
Nutrition Survey of Australia, for children. The NEDI calculation is made in accordance with Guidelines 
for predicting dietary intake of pesticide residues (revised)  [World Health Organisation, 1997].   
The NEDI for iodosulfuron-methyl- sodium is equivalent to less than 1% of the ADI. It is therefore 
concluded that the chronic dietary exposu re is small and the risk is acceptable. 
Toxicological / Public Health Assessment   
It has been determined that the use of Iodosulfur on-methyl-sodium when used as a herbicide for 
control of weeds around cereals according to the G AP specified above, is very unlikely to pose any 
health risks from consumption of treated produce.   
Other International MRLs 
Compound Food Maximum Residue 
Limit (mg/kg) 
Australia   
Iodosulfuron-methyl Wheat 0.01* 
EU   
Iodosulfuron-methyl Cereals 0.02* 
Japan   
Iodosulfuron-methyl Corn (maize, including pop corn and sweet corn) 
Wheat 0.03 
0.01 
USA   
Iodosulfuron-methyl-
sodium Corn, field, grain 
Wheat 0.03 
0.02 
 
Food imported to New Zealand must comply with either Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) 
MRLs, New Zealand’s domestic MRL Standards, or, if  no appropriate Codex or domestic MRL exists, 
the default MRL of 0.1mg/kg.   
To meet New Zealand’s obligations under the Agre ement on the Application of Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary Measures the prop osed MRL will be notified to the Wo rld Trade Organization.  Any 
country may choose to comment if they believe the proposed MRL repr esents a barrier to their trade.  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
144 Proposal to set an MRL for Maleic Hydrazide  
It is proposed that an MRL is set for maleic hydraz ide when used as a plant growth regulator on bulb 
vegetables. It is proposed that Schedule One of t he NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010 be amended by 
deleting the following entry: 
Compound CAS# Residue definition Food Maximum Residue 
Limit (mg/kg) 
Maleic hydrazide 123-33-1 Sum of: 
Free maleic hydrazide 
Conjugated maleic hydrazide Expressed as: 
maleic hydrazide Onions 15 
 
As a replacement for the deleted entry, is propo sed that Schedule One of the NZ (MRL) Food 
Standards 2010 be amended to include the following entry: 
Compound CAS# Residue definition Food Maximum Residue 
Limit (mg/kg) 
Maleic hydrazide 123-33-1 Sum of: 
Free maleic hydrazide 
Conjugated maleic hydrazide Expressed as: 
Maleic hydrazide Bulb vegetables 15 
 
The final entry for maleic hydrazide in Schedule One of the NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010 will 
therefore read: 
Compound CAS# Residue definition Food Maximum Residue 
Limit (mg/kg) 
Maleic hydrazide 123-33-1 Sum of: 
Free maleic hydrazide 
Conjugated maleic hydrazide Expressed as: 
Maleic hydrazide Bulb vegetables 
Potatoes 15 
50 
 
Amendment Rationale 
The proposed MRL represents a correction in the crop grouping terminology for the current MRL to 
represent the applicability of the residue limit to apply to all bulb vegetable varieties. This is consistent 
with overseas approvals. The proposed MRL will manage the uses of maleic hydrazide as a plant  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
15growth regulator on bulb vegetables, to the application rates and withholding periods that are 
proposed GAP in New Zealand. 
Chemical Information 
Common name of compound  Maleic hydrazide 
Use of compound  Plant growth regulator 
Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry number  123-33-1 
Type of compound  Pyridazine 
Administration method  Spray 
 
Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) 
Maleic hydrazide is used as a plant growth regulat or for bulb vegetables.  Application is made to 
mature bulbs, at a rate of 2.4kgai/ha 10-14 days before harvest.   
Residues Information  
Residue data for bulb vegetables supports an MRL of 15mg/kg for maleic hydrazide when the last 
treatment is made 10-14 days before harvest.  An MR L of 15mg/kg is therefore proposed to support 
GAP.  
Dietary Risk Assessment 
Acceptable Daily Intake 0.3mg/kg bw/day 
 
The potential daily exposure via food (PDE (food)) is used for dietary intake calculation where a value 
has been set.  An appropriate acceptable daily in take (ADI) is used in the absence of a PDE (food). 
The chronic dietary exposure to maleic hydrazide is estimated by the National Estimated Dietary 
Intake (NEDI) calculation encompassing all regist ered uses of the chemical and food consumption 
data based upon the 1997 National Nutritional Surv ey for adults and the 1995 National Nutrition 
Survey of Australia, for children. The NEDI  calculation is made in accordance with Guidelines for 
predicting dietary intake of pesticide residues (revised)  [World Health Organisation, 1997]. 
The NEDI for maleic hydrazide is equivalent to less than 35% of the ADI. It is therefore concluded that 
the chronic dietary exposure is sm all and the risk is acceptable. 
Toxicological / Public Health Assessment   
It has been determined that the use of maleic hydraz ide as plant growth regulator for bulb vegetables, 
according to the GAP specified above, is very unlik ely to pose any health risks from consumption of 
treated produce.   
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
16Other International MRLs 
Compound Food Maximum Residue Limit 
(mg/kg) 
Australia   
Maleic hydrazide Garlic 
Onions, bulb 15 
15 
Codex Alimentarius   
Maleic hydrazide Garlic 
Onion, Bulb 
Shallots 15 
15 
15 
European Commission   
Maleic hydrazide Garlic 
Onions(Silverskin onions) Shallots 15 
15 15 
Japan   
Maleic hydrazide  Garlic 
Onions 50 
20 
United States   
Maleic hydrazide  Onions, bulb 15 
 
Food imported to New Zealand must comply with either Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) 
MRLs, New Zealand’s domestic MRL Standards, or, if  no appropriate Codex or domestic MRL exists, 
the default MRL of 0.1mg/kg.   
To meet New Zealand’s obligations under the Agre ement on the Application of Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary Measures the prop osed MRL will be notified to the Wo rld Trade Organization.  Any 
country may choose to comment if they believe the proposed MRL represents a barrier to their trade. 
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
175 Proposal to set an MRL for  
Mesosulfuron-methyl  
It is proposed that an MRL is set for mesosulfuron -methyl when used as a herbicide around wheat. It 
is proposed that Schedule One of the NZ (MRL ) Food Standards 2010 be amended to include the 
following; and that this will be the resulting entry for mesosulfuron-methyl in Schedule One of the NZ 
(MRL) Food Standards 2010:  
Compound CAS# Residue definition Food Maximum Residue 
Limit (mg/kg) 
Mesosulfuron-
methyl 208465-21-8 Mesosulfuron-
methyl Wheat 0.01(*) 
NOTE: (*) indicates that the maximum residue limit has been set at or about the limit of analytical 
quantification. 
Amendment Rationale  
The proposed MRL represents the approval of a new herbicide active ingredient in New Zealand for 
post-emergent control of weeds in wheat. The proposed MRL will manage the use of  
mesosulfuron-methyl to GAP in New Zealand.  
Chemical Information 
Common name of compound Mesosulfuron-methyl 
Use of compound Herbicide 
Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry number 208465-21-8 
Type of compound Pyrimidinylsulfonylurea 
Administration method Broadcast spray 
 
Good Agricultural Practice 
Mesosulfuron-methyl is proposed for use as a herb icide for control of weeds in wheat as a single 
application post emergence of 7.5gai/ha m ade approximately 85 days before harvest.  
Residues Information 
Residue data for wheat supports a limit of quantif ication MRL of 0.01mg/kg at harvest following 
application of mesosulfuron-methyl prior to growth  stage 30. An MRL of 0.01mg/kg is therefore 
proposed to support GAP. 
Dietary Risk Assessment 
Potential daily exposure via food (PDE (food )) 0.7mg/kg bw/day  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
18The PDE (food) is a value set by the Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA), which 
represents the proportion of the ac ceptable daily exposure (ADE) to a substance via the food route as 
relevant to the New Zealand population.  The methodology for calculation of these values is set out in 
the Hazardous Substances (classes 6, 8, and 9 controls) Regulations 2001 and can be found at 
www.legislation.govt.nz . 
The chronic dietary exposure to mesosulfuron-methy l is estimated by the National Estimated Dietary 
Intake (NEDI) calculation encompassing all regist ered uses of the chemical and food consumption 
data based upon the 1997 National Nutritional Surv ey for adults and the 1995 National Nutrition 
Survey of Australia, for children. The NEDI  calculation is made in accordance with Guidelines for 
predicting dietary intake of pesticide residues (revised)  [World Health Organisation, 1997]. 
The NEDI for mesosulfuron-methyl is equi valent to less than 0.01% of the PDE (food). It is therefore 
concluded that the chronic dietary exposu re is small and the risk is acceptable. 
Toxicological / Public Health Assessment   
It has been determined that the use of mesosulfuron-met hyl as herbicide for control weeds in wheat, is 
very unlikely to pose any health risks from consumption of the harvested commodity.   
Other International MRLs 
Compound Food Maximum Residue Limit 
(mg/kg) 
Australia   
Mesosulfuron-methyl  Wheat 0.01*  
EU   
Mesosulfuron-methyl Wheat (Spelt Triticale) 0.01* 
Japan   
Mesosulfuron-methyl Wheat 0.03 
United States   
Mesosulfuron-methyl Wheat 0.03 
 
Food imported to New Zealand must comply with either Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) 
MRLs, New Zealand’s domestic MRL Standards, or, if  no appropriate Codex or domestic MRL exists, 
the default MRL of 0.1mg/kg.   
To meet New Zealand’s obligations under the Agre ement on the Application of Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary Measures the prop osed MRL will be notified to the Wo rld Trade Organization.  Any 
country may choose to comment if they believe the proposed MRL repr esents a barrier to their trade.  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
196 Proposal to set an MRL for Methoxyfenozide  
It is proposed that an MRL is set for methoxyfenozid e when used as an insecticide for avocados. It is 
proposed that Schedule One of the NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010 be amended to include the 
following: 
Compound CAS# Residue 
definition Food Maximum Residue 
Limit (mg/kg) 
Methoxyfenozide 161050-58-4 Me thoxyfenozide Avocados 0.1 
 
The final entry for methoxyfenozide in Schedule One of the NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010 will 
therefore read: 
Compound CAS# Residue 
definition Food Maximum Residue 
Limit (mg/kg) 
Methoxyfenozide 161050-58-4 Methoxyfenozide Avocados 
Kiwifruit 
Pome fruits 0.1 
0.5 
0.5 
 
Amendment Rationale 
The proposed MRL represents a new use pattern for the active ingredient methoxyfenozide. An MRL 
of 0.1mg/kg is deemed appropriate to manage the use of methoxyfenozide as an insecticide for control 
of leafrollers on avocados, to t he application rates and withholding periods that have been approved 
as GAP in New Zealand. 
Chemical Information 
Common name of compound Methoxyfenozide 
Use of compound Insecticide 
Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry number 161050-58-4 
Type of compound Diacylhydrazine 
Administration method Foliar spray 
 
Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) 
Methoxyfenozide is proposed as an insecticide on avoc ados.  Application is as  a full coverage spray 
made upto a maximum of four times a season with interv als of 3-4 weeks, at a rate of 6gai/100L, with 
a withholding period of 14 days.    
 
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
20Residues Information  
The residue data for avocados support an MRL of 0.1mg/kg for methoxyfenozide when the last 
treatment is made 14 days before harvest.  An MRL of 0.1mg/kg are therefore proposed to support 
GAP.  
Dietary Risk Assessment 
Potential daily exposure via food (PDE (food)) 0.08mg/kg bw/day 
 
The PDE (food) is a value set by the Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA), which 
represents the proportion of the ac ceptable daily exposure (ADE) to a substance via the food route as 
relevant to the New Zealand population.  The methodol ogy for calculation of these values is set out in 
the Hazardous Substances (classes 6, 8, and 9 controls) Regulations 2001 and can be found at 
www.legislation.govt.nz . 
The chronic dietary exposure to methoxyfenozide is  estimated by the National Estimated Dietary 
Intake (NEDI) calculation encompassing all regist ered uses of the chemical and food consumption 
data based upon the 1997 National Nutritional Surv ey for adults and the 1995 National Nutrition 
Survey of Australia, for children. The NEDI  calculation is made in accordance with Guidelines for 
predicting dietary intake of pesticide residues (revised)  [World Health Organisation, 1997]. 
The NEDI for methoxyfenozide is equiva lent to less than 1% of the PDE (food). It is therefore concluded 
that the chronic dietary exposure is  small and the risk is acceptable. 
Toxicological / Public Health Assessment   
It has been determined that the use of methoxyfen ozide as an insecticide for use on avocados 
according to the GAP specified above, is very un likely to pose any health risks from consumption of 
treated produce.   
Other International MRLs 
Compound Food Maximum Residue Limit 
(mg/kg) 
EU   
Methoxyfenozide Avocados 0.02* 
USA   
Methoxyfenozide Avocados 0.6 
NOTE: (*) indicates that the maximum residue limit has been set at or about the limit of analytical 
quantification.  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
21Food imported to New Zealand must comply with either Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) 
MRLs, New Zealand’s domestic MRL Standards, or, if  no appropriate Codex or domestic MRL exists, 
the default MRL of 0.1mg/kg.   
To meet New Zealand’s obligations under the Agre ement on the Application of Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary Measures the prop osed MRL will be notified to the Wo rld Trade Organization.  Any 
country may choose to comment if they believe the proposed MRL represents a barrier to their trade. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
227 Proposal to set an MRL for Spirotetramat  
It is proposed that an MRL is set for spirotetramat when used as an insecticide for control of armoured 
scales on kiwifruit. It is proposed that Schedule One of the NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010 be 
amended to include the following: 
Compound CAS# Residue definition Food Maximum Residue 
Limit (mg/kg) 
Spirotetramat 203313-25-1 Sum of: 
Spirotetramat and its 
enol metabolite  
Expressed as:  
Spirotetramat Kiwifruit 0.1 
 
The final entry for spirotetramat in Schedule One of the NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010 will therefore 
read: 
Compound CAS# Residue 
definition Food Maximum Residue 
Limit (mg/kg) 
Spirotetramat 203313-25-1 Sum of: 
Spirotetramat and 
its enol metabolite  
Expressed as:  
Spirotetramat Kiwifruit 
Potatoes 0.1 
0.5 
 
Amendment Rationale 
The proposed MRL represents a new use pattern in New Zealand for the active ingredient 
spirotetramat. The proposed MRLs will manage the use of  spirotetramat as an insecticide for control of 
armoured scale on kiwifruit, to the application rates and withholding periods that are approved GAP in 
New Zealand. 
Chemical Information 
Common name of compound Spirotetramat 
Use of compound Insecticide 
Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry number 203313-25-1 
Type of compound Tetramic acid 
Administration method Spray 
 
 
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
23Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) 
Spirotetramat is approved as an insect icide on kiwifruit.  Application is as a foliar treatment made upto 
a maximum of two times a season, at a rate of 96gai/ha, with a withholding period of not applying after 
fruit set.    
Residues Information  
The residue data for kiwifruit support an MRL of 0.1m g/kg for spirotetramat when the last treatment is 
made at fruit set.  An MRL of 0.1mg/kg is therefore proposed to support GAP.  
Dietary Risk Assessment 
Potential daily exposure via food (PDE (food)) 0.09mg/kg bw/day 
 
The PDE (food) is a value set by the Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA), which 
represents the proportion of the ac ceptable daily exposure (ADE) to a substance via the food route as 
relevant to the New Zealand population.  The methodology for calculation of these values is set out in 
the Hazardous Substances (classes 6, 8, and 9 controls) Regulations 2001 and can be found at 
www.legislation.govt.nz . 
The chronic dietary exposure to spirotetramat is es timated by the National Estimated Dietary Intake 
(NEDI) calculation encompassing all registered uses of the chemical and food consumption data 
based upon the 1997 National Nutritional Survey for a dults and the 1995 National Nutrition Survey of 
Australia, for children. The NEDI calculation is made in accordance with Guidelines for predicting 
dietary intake of pesticide residues (revised)  [World Health Organisation, 1997]. 
The NEDI for spirotetramat is equivalent to 1% of the PDE (food). It is therefore concluded that the 
chronic dietary exposure is sma ll and the risk is acceptable. 
Toxicological / Public Health Assessment   
It has been determined that the use of spirotetramat as an insecticide for use on kiwifruit according to 
the GAP specified above, is very unlikely to pose  any health risks from consumption of treated 
produce.   
Other International MRLs 
Compound Food Maximum Residue Limit 
(mg/kg) 
EU   
Spirotetramat Kiwi 0.1* 
NOTE: (*) indicates that the maximum residue limit has been set at or about the limit of analytical 
quantification.  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
24Food imported to New Zealand must comply with either Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) 
MRLs, New Zealand’s domestic MRL Standards, or, if  no appropriate Codex or domestic MRL exists, 
the default MRL of 0.1mg/kg.   
To meet New Zealand’s obligations under the Agre ement on the Application of Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary Measures the prop osed MRL will be notified to the Wo rld Trade Organization.  Any 
country may choose to comment if they believe the proposed MRL repr esents a barrier to their trade. 
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
258 Proposal to set MRLs for Sulphur Dioxide  
It is proposed that MRLs are set for sulphur dioxide when used on blueberries, grapes and longans. It 
is proposed that Schedule One of the NZ (M RL) Food Standards 2010 be amended to include the 
following; and that this will be the resulting entry for sulphur dioxide in Schedule One of the NZ (MRL) 
Food Standards 2010: 
Compound CAS# Residue definition Food Maximum Residue 
Limit (mg/kg) 
Sulphur dioxide and sodium and potassium 
sulphites 7446-09-5 Sum of sulphites 
including bisulphites and metabisulphites 
calculated as sulphur 
dioxide Blueberries 
Grapes Longans 10 
10 10 
 
Amendment Rationale 
The proposed MRLs are to be set to address the re location of maximum permissible limits for sulphur 
dioxide for blueberries, grapes and longans from Standa rd 1.3.1 (Food Additives) of the Australia New 
Zealand Food Standards Code (the Code) to Standard  1.4.2 (Australia only MRLs). As the relocation 
has the potential to impact on food imported into New Zealand MRLs have b een proposed to continue 
to allow these residues to be acceptable. 
Chemical Information 
Common name of compound Sulphur dioxide 
Use of compound Preservative 
Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry number 7446-09-5 
Administration method Vapour 
 
Good Agricultural Practice (GAP)  
New Zealand GAP for this ingredient has not been defined. 
Residues Information 
It is proposed that the current maximum limit values of 10mg/kg for blueberries, grapes and longans 
soon to be relocated within the Code be incorporated into the MRL Standards. 
Dietary Risk Assessment  
Levels of sulphur dioxide present in food are not changing from those previously demonstrated to be 
safe, thus no dietary risk is presented by the proposed MRLs.  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
26Toxicological / Public Health Assessment   
As levels of sulphur dioxide in blueberries, grapes and longans are not proposed to change, the 
proposed MRLs are very unlikely to pose any health  risks from consumption of treated produce.   
Other International MRLs 
Food imported to New Zealand must comply with either Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) 
MRLs, New Zealand’s domestic MRL Standards, or, if  no appropriate Codex or domestic MRL exists, 
the default MRL of 0.1mg/kg.   
To meet New Zealand’s obligations under the Agre ement on the Application of Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary Measures the prop osed MRL will be notified to the Wo rld Trade Organization.  Any 
country may choose to comment if they believe the proposed MRL repr esents a barrier to their trade.  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
279 Proposal to set an MRL for Uniconazole-P 
It is proposed that an MRL is set for uniconazole-P  when used as a plant growth regulator for 
avocados. It is proposed that Schedule One of the NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010 be amended to 
include the following; and that this will be the resu lting entry for uniconazole-P in Schedule One of the 
NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010: 
Compound CAS# Residue definition Food Maximum Residue 
Limit (mg/kg) 
Uniconazole-P 83657-17-4 Uniconazole-P - sum 
of isomers, expressed as 
Uniconazole-P Avocados 0.5 
 
Amendment Rationale 
The proposed MRL represents a new registration in New Zealand for the active ingredient 
uniconazole-P. The proposed MRL will manage the us e of uniconazole-P as a plant growth regulator 
on avocados, to the application rate s and withholding periods that are approved GAP in New Zealand. 
Chemical Information 
Common name of compound Uniconazole-P 
Use of compound Plant growth regulator 
Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry number 83657-17-4 
Type of compound Triazole 
Administration method Spray 
 
Good Agricultural Practice 
Uniconazole-P is proposed for use as a plant growth  regulator for avocados.  Application is made once 
at 50% flowering (mid-bloom) at a rate of up to 50gai/ 100L water, with a withholding period of 14 days.   
Residues Information  
Residue data for avocados supports an MRL of 0.5 mg /kg for uniconazole-P when the last treatment is 
made 14 days before harvest.  An MRL of 0.5mg/ kg is therefore proposed to support GAP.  
Dietary Risk Assessment 
Acceptable Daily Intake 0.02mg/kg bw/day 
 
The potential daily exposure via food (PDE (food)) is used for dietary intake calculation where a value 
has been set.  An appropriate acceptable daily in take (ADI) is used in the absence of a PDE (food).  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
28The chronic dietary exposure to uniconazole-P is es timated by the National Estimated Dietary Intake 
(NEDI) calculation encompassing all registered uses of the chemical and food consumption data 
based upon the 1997 National Nutritional Survey for a dults and the 1995 National Nutrition Survey of 
Australia, for children. The NEDI calculation is made in accordance with Guidelines for predicting 
dietary intake of pesticide residues (revised)  [World Health Organisation, 1997]. 
The NEDI for uniconazole-P is equivalent to less than  0.1% of the ADI. It is therefore concluded that 
the chronic dietary exposure is sm all and the risk is acceptable. 
Toxicological / Public Health Assessment   
It has been determined that the use of uniconazole-P  as a plant growth regulator on avocados 
according to the GAP specified above, is very un likely to pose any health risks from consumption of 
treated produce.   
Other International MRLs 
Compound Food Maximum Residue Limit 
(mg/kg) 
Australia   
Uniconazole-P Avocados 0.5 
Japan   
Uniconazole-P Avocados 0.5 
 
Food imported to New Zealand must comply with either Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) 
MRLs, New Zealand’s domestic MRL Standards, or, if  no appropriate Codex or domestic MRL exists, 
the default MRL of 0.1mg/kg.   
To meet New Zealand’s obligations under the Agre ement on the Application of Sanitary and 
Phytosanitary Measures the prop osed MRL will be notified to the Wo rld Trade Organization.  Any 
country may choose to comment if they believe the proposed MRL repr esents a barrier to their trade. 
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
2910 Proposal to exempt Benzalkonium Chloride 
from an MRL 
It is proposed that the current MRL exemption for benzalkonium chloride be extended for use as a 
fungicide on pome fruits. 
It is proposed that Schedule Two of the NZ (MRL ) Food Standards 2010 be amended by deleting the 
following entry: 
Compound CAS# Condition 
Benzalkonium 
chloride  8001-54-4 When applied as a fungicide prior to the end of flowering on 
kiwifruit and olives  
 
It is proposed that Schedule Two of the NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010 be amended to include the 
following; and that this will be the resulting entry for benzalkonium chloride in Schedule Two of the NZ 
(MRL) Food Standards 2010: 
Compound CAS# Condition 
Benzalkonium 
chloride  8001-54-4 When applied as a fungicide prior to the end of flowering on 
kiwifruit, olives and as a fungicide applied prior to the end of 
December on pome fruits  
 
Amendment Rationale 
The proposed MRL exemption represents an extension of the current use patterns for benzalkonium 
chloride to include treatment of pome fruits.  
Chemical Information 
Common name of compound Benzalkonium chloride 
Use of compound Fungicide 
Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry number 8001-54-4  
Type of compound Quaternary ammonium 
Administration method Spray 
 
Good Agricultural Practice 
Benzalkonium chloride is proposed for use as a fungicide for pome fruit. Application may be at a 
23gai/ha up until the end of December.  
 
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
30Dietary Risk Assessment 
No acceptable daily intake (ADI) has been set for benz alkonium chloride however it is used safely in 
many cleaning products and medicinal products such as eye drops and mouth washes. Trace 
amounts of benzalkonium may be consumed with no in cident through accidental  contamination of food 
and water with surface cleaners and dishwashing liqui ds. No dietary risk is expected through the use 
of benzalkonium on apples.  
Toxicological / Public Health Assessment   
The exemption of benzalkonium chloride from an MRL to the conditions specified above is very 
unlikely to pose any health risks from co nsumption of the harvested commodity.  
 
 
      
 
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
3111 Proposal to exempt 
Bromochlorodimethylhyda ntoin from an MRL 
It is proposed that a MRL exemption be set fo r bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDHM) when used 
as a biocide on fruit and vegetables. 
It is proposed that Schedule Two of the NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010 be amended to include the 
following entry; and that this will be the resulting entry for bromochlorodimethylhydantoin in Schedule 
Two of the NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010: 
Compound CAS# Condition 
Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin  16079-88-
2 When applied as a biocide to fruits and vegetables  
 
Amendment Rationale 
The proposed MRL exemption represents a reassess ment of the current use patterns for BCDMH. 
BCDMH is an approved sanitising agent under the New Zealand (Australia New Zealand Food 
Standards Code) Food Standards Code 2002.   BCDMH residues resulting from its use as an 
agricultural compound are unlikely to exceed those acc eptable from its use as a processing aid in the 
Food Standards Code.  It is considered that setting an MRL is therefore not appropriate. 
Nothing in the proposed exemption affects the requirement for compliance with the maximum 
permissible limit for the use of BCDMH as a processing aid under the Food Standards Code. 
  Chemical Information 
Common name of compound Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin 
(BCDMH) 
Use of compound Biocide 
Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry number 16079-88-2  
Type of compound Halogenated hydantoin 
Administration method Spray or post harvest dip 
 
Good Agricultural Practice 
Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin may be used as a pre harvest spray or as a post harvest dip or spray 
to fruit and vegetable crops. Application rate is va riable with uses and acceptable contact time. No 
withholding period is necessary. 
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
32Dietary Risk Assessment 
An acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.025mg/kg bw .day has been specified for the dimethylhydantoin 
component of BCDMH. A Food Standards Australia New Zealand dietary review2 of BCDMH levels 
remaining in food from its use as a processing aid ha s identified that there is no dietary risk associated 
with this use. As the pre-harvest and post-har vest use of BCDMH as an agricultural compound are 
unlikely to leave residues in excess of those acceptable from the use of BCDMH as a processing aid it 
is considered that the dietary risks fr om the use of BCDMH are acceptable.  
Toxicological / Public Health Assessment   
The exemption of BCDMH from an MRL to the conditi ons specified above is very unlikely to pose any 
health risks from consumption of the treated commodity.  
Other International MRLs 
Compound Food Maximum Residue Limit 
(mg/kg) 
Australia   
Bromo, chloro-dimethylhydantoin Fruit, Vegetables and 
Ornamentals Exempt 
 
                                                      
 
2 http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/foodstandard s/applications/applicationa393bromo934.cfm    Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
3312 Proposal to exempt Pine Oil from an MRL 
It is proposed that an MRL exemption be set for pine oil when used as a herbicide. 
It is proposed that Schedule Two of the NZ (MRL) Food Standards 2010 be amended to include the 
following; and that this will be the resulting entry for pine oil in Schedule Two of the NZ (MRL) Food 
Standards 2010: 
Compound CAS# Condition 
Pine oil  8002-09-3 When used as a herbicide  
 
Amendment Rationale 
The proposed MRL exemption represents a reassessm ent of the use pattern for pine oil, the use of 
this compound is as a herbicide for direct applic ation to weeds. Due to the non-crop application and 
the difficulty of determining any residues, pine oil is suitable to be exempted from the requirement of 
an MRL.  
Chemical Information 
Common name of compound Pine oil 
Use of compound Herbicide 
Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry number 8002-09-3  
Type of compound Essential oil 
Administration method Spot spray 
 
Good Agricultural Practice 
Pine oil is applied in the form of a spray directly to  target weeds.  Only indirect contact with food 
producing crops is likely; as such no specific GAP is required.   
Residues Information 
The composition of pine oil is of various te rpene alcohols and other terpene derivatives, the 
composition can vary between sources of pine oil and methods of manufacture.  Due to the large 
number of compounds that may be contained in the oil it  is difficult to determine an appropriate marker 
residue that would be consistent for all sources of the oil.  As such, analysis of residues in food 
resulting from the use of pine oil is of poor accura cy. On this basis setting an MRL is not appropriate. 
 
  Proposals to Amend the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Li mits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2010 
  
34Dietary Risk Assessment 
Residues of pine oil are unlikely in food crops as di rect application to the crop will cause phytotoxicty.  
There is therefore limited potentia l for dietary consumption.  
Pine oil is present in home surface disinfectants.  T he potential exposure through this route is likely to 
be greater than any residues present in food.    
Toxicological / Public Health Assessment   
Pine oil was listed with a dietary reference dose of  0.05mg/kg bw/day for acute and chronic exposure 
by the United States Environmental Protection Agen cy. Given that no residues are expected from the 
agricultural uses of pine oil it is highly un likely that these values will be exceeded. 
Other International MRLs 
Compound Food Maximum Residue Limit 
(mg/kg) 
Australia   
Pine oil All foods Exempt