APPENDIX TABLES Romania WT/TPR/S/155 
 Page 93 
 
 
Table AI.1 
Structure of merchandise exports, 1995-04 
(US$ million and per cent) 
  1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
              
Total  7,910.0 10,366.5 11,385.0 13,875.7 17,618.1 23,485.4 
              
  (Per cent) 
              
Total primary products 21.3 22.6 18.8 18.5 17.1 17.5 
   Agriculture 9.9 8.0 7.4 6.3 6.3 5.9 
      Food 6.6 3.1 3.7 3.1 3.2 3.0 
      Agricultural raw material 3.3 4.9 3.7 3.3 3.1 2.8 
         2482 Wood of coniferous, sawn of a thickness > 6 mm 1.1 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 
   Mining 11.4 14.6 11.4 12.2 10.8 11.6 
      Ores and other minerals 0.3 3.8 2.0 1.9 2.5 2.8 
         2823 Other ferrous wast e and scrap 0.0 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.9 
      Non-ferrous metals 3.1 3.7 3.2 2.4 1.9 2.1 
         6842 Aluminium and aluminium alloys, worked 0.7 1.9 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 
      Fuels 7.9 7.2 6.2 7.9 6.5 6.8 
         3341 Motor gasoline, light oil 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.8 6.0 
              
Manufactures 77.4 76.7 80.7 81.0 82.3 82.0 
   Iron and steel 13.2 7.8 7.1 7.3 7.4 9.2 
         6732 Flat, hot -rolled products, iron/steel, not 
 clad/plated/coated 3.3 4.1 2.6 3.4 3.6 4.0 
         6791 Tubes, pipes, hollow profil es, seamless, iron/steel 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.1 
   Chemicals 10.7 5.8 5.2 4.7 4.8 5.5 
   Other semi-manufactures 7.3 5.9 6.3 6.8 7.5 7.5 
         6251 Tyres, pneumatic, new, for cars  0.0 0.1 0.1 0.6 1.2 1.0 
   Machinery and transport equipment 13.1 18.8 19.9 21.2 21.5 23.7 
      Power generating machines 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 
      Other non-electrical machinery 4.8 3.7 4.5 4.4 4.5 5.6 
         7438 Parts for pumps, compressors, etc. of 743.1 and 743.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.4 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 
      Office machines & telecommuni cation equipment 0.3 4.9 4.1 3.9 3.2 2.8 
      Other electrical machines 2.3 3.5 4.6 5.9 6.9 7.6 
         7731 Insulated wire, cable etc.; optical fibre cables 1.0 1.6 2.4 3.6 4.2 4.6 
      Automotive products 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.6 3.2 
         7843 Other motor vehicle parts and accessories of 722, 781 
  to 783 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.7 2.0 2.4 
      Other transport equipment 2.7 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 
         7932 Ships, boats, etc. (excl. pleasure craft, tugs, etc.) 1.8 2.1 1.8 2.2 1.7 1.6 
   Textiles 2.2 1. 9 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.4 
   Clothing 17.2 22.5 24.4 23.4 23.1 20.1 
         8414 Trousers, bib and brace overalls , breeches and shorts 1. 9 2.9 3.1 2. 8 2.9 2.7 
         8426 Trousers, breeches, etc., women's/girls', not 
 knitted/crocheted 1.0 2.4 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.5 
         8427 Blouses/shirts, women's/girl s', not knitted/crocheted 1.0 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.7 
         8453 Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans , etc., knitted/crocheted 1.0 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.6 
         8423 Jackets/blazers, women's/girl s', not knitted/crocheted 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 
         8415 Shirts 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.3 
   Other consumer goods 13.6 14.0 15.7 15.4 15.5 13.7 
         8514 Other footwear, leather or composition leather uppers 1.4 3.2 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.2 
         8215 Furniture, n.e.s., of wood 5.6 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0 
         8519 Parts of footwear/removable in-soles, heel cushions, 
  etc. 2.2 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.7 1.9 
              
Other 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database. WT/TPR/S/155 Trade Policy Review 
Page 94 
 
 
Table AI.2 
Destination of exports, 1995-04 
(US$ million and per cent) 
  1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
              
Total 7,910.0 10,366.5 11,385.0 13,875.7 17,618.1 23,485.4 
              
  (Per cent) 
              
  America 5.2 4.8 4.6 5.5 4.3 3.5 
    United States 2.5 3.7 3.2 4.4 3.5 2.8 
    Canada 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 
    Other America 2.2 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.4 
              
  Europe 71.2 85.3 85.5 82.7 86.2 88.0 
    EC(15) 54.1 64.0 68.0 67.3 67.9 65.7 
      Italy 15.8 22.5 25.1 25.1 24.3 21.4 
      Germany 18.1 15.7 15.6 15.6 15.7 15.0 
      France 5.8 7.0 8.1 7.6 7.4 8.5 
      United Kingdom 3.0 5.3 5.2 5.8 6.7 6.6 
      Netherlands 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.2 
      Austria 2.0 2.4 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.1 
      Greece 2.6 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.7 
      Belgium-Luxembourg 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 2.0 
      Spain 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.0 
    EFTA 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.0 
    Eastern Europe 9.9 11.5 9.5 7.8 9.2 10.6 
      Hungary 2.2 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.8 
      Bulgaria 0.9 2.8 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.9 
      Poland 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 
      Czech Rep. 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 
      Former USSR 5.7 3.7 2.8 1.8 2.2 2.4 
         Republic of Moldova 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 
    Other Europe 6.2 8.9 7.0 6.2 7.8 10.7 
      Turkey 4.4 6.1 4.0 4.1 5.1 7.0 
      Yugoslavia 0.9 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.0 
      Croatia 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.8 
              
  Asia 15.9 6.1 7.0 9.4 7.5 6.4 
    Middle East 6.6 3.3 3.9 4.6 3.5 3.5 
      United Arab Emirates 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.7 
    East Asia 7.4 2.2 2.5 4.3 3.5 2.2 
      China 2.3 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.6 0.8 
    South Asia 1.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 
              
  Oceania 0.1 0. 0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 
              
  Africa 7.2 3.6 2.6 2.0 1.9 2.0 
    Sub-Saharan Africa 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 
    Other Africa 5.9 2.6 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.4 
      Egypt 2.5 1.7 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 
              
  Other 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 
              
Memorandum:             
    EC(25) 58.4 69.9 73.9 72.6 73.8 73.1 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database. Romania WT/TPR/S/155 
 Page 95 
 
 
Table AI.3 
Structure of merchandise imports, 1995-04 
(US$ million and per cent) 
  1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
              
Total  10,277.9 13,054.5 15,551.6 17,861.7 24,003.2 32,663.7 
              
  (Per cent) 
              
Total primary products 35.7 24.3 24.7 21.4 21.7 22.0 
   Agriculture 10.8 8.4 8.9 7.7 8.3 7.4 
      Food 8.5 7.0 7.6 6.4 7.0 6.3 
      Agricultural raw material 2.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 
   Mining 24.9 16.0 15.8 13.7 13.4 14.6 
      Ores and other minerals 2.8 2.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 
      Non-ferrous metals 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.0 
      Fuels 21.4 12.1 12.7 11.2 10.9 11.9 
         3330 Crude oils of petroleum and bituminous minerals 10.3 6.3 6.1 6.0 4.5 5.9 
         3432 Natural gas, in the gaseous state 4.7 2.5 2.3 2.3 3.3 2.3 
         3341 Motor gasoline, light oil 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.1 
         3250 Coke and semi-coke, etc.; retort carbon 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.5 1.0 
         3212 Other coal, not a gglomerated 2.7 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.9 
              
Manufactures 63.1 75.2 75.1 78.3 78.1 77.8 
   Iron and steel 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.8 
   Chemicals 10.6 10.0 9.9 10.7 10.3 10.3 
         5429 Medicaments, n.e.s. 0.6 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.8 
   Other semi-manufactures 7.2 9.2 10.3 11.5 11.8 11.2 
         6114 Other bovine/equine  leather, without hair (excl. of 
  611.8) 1.4 1.9 2.2 2.8 2.5 2.0 
   Machinery and transport equipment 24.8 29.2 28.0 28.2 29.5 32.6 
      Power generating machines 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 
      Other non-electrical machinery 11.7 8.0 8.6 8.4 8.7 8.9 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 
      Office machines & telecommuni cation equipment 5.1 9.6 7.3 7.3 7.0 6.9 
         7643 Radio or television tran smission apparatus 0.3 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 
         7764 Electronic integrated circuits and micro-assemblies 0.2 2.6 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.1 
         7649 Parts and accessories for a pparatus of division 76 1. 5 2.4 1.4 0. 8 0.6 0.8 
      Other electrical machines 3.3 6.2 5.9 6.1 6.6 6.4 
         7731 Insulated wire, cable etc.; optical fibre cables 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 
         7725 Switches, rela ys, fuses etc. for a voltage not 
 exceeding 1,000 V 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 
      Automotive products 3.0 3.3 4.1 4.6 4.8 7.7 
         7812 Motor vehicles for the transport of persons, n.e.s. 1.7 0.9 1.4 1.6 1.8 3.7 
         7821 Goods vehicles 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.3 
         7843 Other motor vehicle parts and accessories of 722, 781 
  to 783 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 
         7832 Road tractors for semi-trailers 0.1 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.8 
      Other transport equipment 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.7 2.0 
   Textiles 9.1 13. 1 12.9 13.3 12.0 10.2 
         6531 Fabrics, woven, of synthetic filament yarn, excl. 
  pile/chenille  1.3 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.1 
         6523 Other fabrics of 85% finished cotton <200g/m2 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 
   Clothing 1.7 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.0 
   Other consumer goods 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.7 8.8 7.7 
         8519 Parts of footwear/removable in-soles, heel cushions, 
  etc. 0.8 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.9 
         8939 Plastic articles, n.e.s. 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 
              
Other 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database. WT/TPR/S/155 Trade Policy Review 
Page 96 
 
 
Table AI.4 
Origin of imports, 1995-04 
(US$ million and per cent) 
  1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 
              
Total 10,277.9 13,054.5 15,551.6 17,861.7 24,003.2 32,663.7 
              
 (Per cent) 
       
  America 6.5 5.7 5.9 5.0 4.5 5.1 
    United States 4.0 3.0 3.2 3.0 2.3 2.9 
    Canada 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 
    Other America 2.1 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 
      Brazil 0.8 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 
              
  Europe 76.2 82.8 82.8 84.7 85.8 84.6 
    EC(15) 49.9 56.7 57.4 58.5 57.7 55.4 
      Italy 13.3 18.8 20.0 20.8 19.6 17.2 
      Germany 17.2 14.7 15.2 14.9 14.8 14.9 
      France 5.2 6.1 6.3 6.4 7.3 7.1 
      Austria 3.0 2.5 2.8 3.3 3.5 3.5 
      United Kingdom 2.9 4.1 3.5 3.8 3.3 3.3 
      Spain 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.2 
      Netherlands 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.9 
      Belgium-Luxembourg 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 
      Greece 1.5 2.8 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.3 
    EFTA 2.2 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 
    Eastern Europe 21.3 21.5 20.8 21.3 22.4 22.9 
      Hungary 3.1 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.2 
      Poland 0.6 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 
      Czech Rep. 0.6 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 
      Former USSR 15.8 13.1 11.6 12.1 12.4 12.9 
         Russian Federation 12.0 8.6 7.6 7.2 8.3 6.8 
         Ukraine 1.9 1.5 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.7 
         Kazakhstan 0.1 2.3 1.0 1.9 1.0 1.8 
    Other Europe 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.8 4.6 5.1 
      Turkey 2.4 2.1 2.4 3.1 3.8 4.2 
              
  Asia 10.7 7.2 7.5 8.7 8.3 8.9 
    Middle East 4.4 1.0 1.7 1.2 0.6 0.7 
    East Asia 5.9 6.0 5.6 7.2 7.3 7.8 
      China 0.9 1.3 1.6 2.1 2.8 3.3 
      Japan 0.7 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 
      Korea, Rep. of 3.1 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.1 
    South Asia 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 
              
  Oceania 0.7 0. 7 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 
              
  Africa 4.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 
    Sub-Saharan Africa 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
    Other Africa 4.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 
              
  Other 1.2 3.0 2.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 
              
Memorandum:             
    EC(25) 55.1 65.0 66.3 67.4 67.3 64.9 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database. Romania WT/TPR/S/155 
 Page 97 
 
 
Table AIII.1 
Applied MFN tariff averages by HS2, 2005 
Code Description No. of 
lines Average 
tariff (%) Range 
(%) Std-dev 
(%) Imports 2004 
(US$ million) 
 Total/Average 10,096  17.5 0-220 13.4 32,663.7a 
01 Live animals 55  9.3 0-25 8.5 29.2 
02 Meat and edible meat offal 231  30.6 0-45 14.6 343.4 
03 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic 
invertebrates 322  21.1 20-25 2.1 48.4 
04 Dairy produce;  birds' eggs;  natural honey;  edible 
products of animal origin , not elsewhere specified 
or included 175  36.5 0-45 9.9 39.3 
05 Products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified 
or included 21  6.9 0-10 3.6 23.6 
06 Live trees and other plants;  bulbs, roots and the 
like;  cut flowers a nd ornamental foliage 40  20.1 10-30 6.5 18.2 
07 Edible vegetables and certain root s and tubers 107  23.5 10-73.75 10.0 50.8 
08 Edible fruit and nuts;  peel of citrus fruit or melons 119  20.0 0-100 11.6 117.4 
09 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 42  3.1 0-25 4.7 83.2 
10 Cereals 55  14.2 0-30 10.1 273.5 
11 Products of the milling industry;  malt;  starches;  
insulin;  wheat gluten 83  23.4 0-40 9.8 54.1 
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits;  misc grains, seeds 
and fruit;  industrial or medicinal plants;  straw 
and fodder 77  8.7 0-25 8.6 68.0 
13 Lac;  gums, resins and other vegetable saps and 
extracts 15  5.0 5 0.0 7.0 
14 Vegetable plaiting materi als;  vegetable products 
not elsewhere specified or included 8  5.0 5 0.0 0.4 
15 Animal or vegetable fa ts and oils and their 
cleavage products;  prepared edible fats;  animal or 
vegetable waxes 125  14.2 0-40 12.1 64.5 
16 Preparations of meat, of fish or of crustaceans, 
molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates 92  33.5 20-45 10.2 20.1 
17 Sugars and sugar confectio nery 47  34.4 0-90 21.9 145.4 
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 27  33.9 0-45 12.7 41.0 
19 Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk;  
pastry cooks' products 51  29.2 0-40 11.2 60.5 
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other 
parts of plants 307  24.2 5-40 9.6 75.5 
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 42  26.0 9-45 10.3 130.8 
22 Beverages, spirits and vi negar 177  59.2 25-110 10.5 58.1 
23 Residues and waste from the food industries;  
prepared animal fodder 65  13.4 0-18 5.1 110.7 
24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco  substitutes 30  50.3 30-98 30.4 264.5 
25 Salt;  sulphur;  earths and stone;  plastering 
materials, lime and cement 89  6.6 0-15 4.0 90.2 
26 Ores, slag and ash 47  2.7 0-5 1.3 423.7 
27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their 
distillation;  bituminous substances;  mineral waxes 111  5.5 0-15 4.9 3,884.6 
28 Inorganic chemicals;  organic or inorganic 
compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth 
metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes 265  13.4 0-20 7.7 169.1 
29 Organic chemicals 528  12.8 0-60 9.4 304.2 
30 Pharmaceutical products 59  4.5 0-10 4.2 903.6 
31 Fertilizers 37  9.2 0-10 2.8 32.9 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/155 Trade Policy Review 
Page 98 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines Average 
tariff (%) Range 
(%) Std-dev 
(%) Imports 2004 
(US$ million) 
32 Tanning or dyeing extracts;  tannins and their 
derivatives;  dyes, pigmen ts and other colouring 
matter;  paints and varnishes;  putty and other mastics;  inks 65  8.2 0-10 2.2 272.1 
33 Essential oils and resinoi ds;  perfumery, cosmetic 
or toilet preparations so ap, organic surface-active 
agents, washing preparations, lubricating 
preparations, artificial waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring preparations, candles and 
similar article 59  37.4 0-220 32.9 280.0 
34 Soap, organic surface-active agents, washing 
preparations, lubricating preparations, artificial 
waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring 
preparations, candles and similar articles, modelling pastes, dental  waxes and dental 
preparations with a basis 35  11.6 0-25 5.9 178.7 
35 Albuminoidal substances;  modified starches;  
glues;  enzymes 32  66.8 5-150 46.7 74.8 
36 Explosives;  pyrotechnic products;  matches;  
pyrophoric alloys;  certain combustible preparations 10  10.8 10-18.25 2.6 5.0 
37 Photographic or cinematogra phic goods 58  25.4 15-30 6.5 46.9 
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 135  14.6 0-85 15.3 303.8 
39 Plastics and articles thereof 257  17.2 0-20 6.0 1,427.3 
40 Rubber and articles thereof 111  14.2 0-30 11.0 476.9 
41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and 
leather 79  5.1 5-10 0.6 745.6 
42 Articles of animal gut (other than silk-worm gut) 38  22.9 10-25 3.8 56.9 
43 Furskins and artificial fur;  manufactures thereof 38  23.3 15-30 6.7 13.2 
44 Wood and articles of wood;  wood charcoal 164  9.9 0-40 8.4 290.5 
45 Cork and articles of cork 13  7.2 0-10 4.5 4.9 
46 Manufactures of straw, of esparto or of other 
plaiting materials;  basketware and wickerwork 12  16.7 10-30 9.8 1.1 
47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic 
material;  recovered (was te and scrap) paper and 
paperboard 23  4.8 0-5 1.0 5.7 
48 Paper and paperboard;  ar ticles of paper pulp, of 
paper or of paperboard 177  14.7 0-15 1.6 601.2 
49 Printed books, newspapers , pictures and other 
products of the printing industry;  manuscripts, 
typescripts and plans 25  5.0 0-10 3.9 86.1 
50 Silk 26  14.4 4-60 10.0 31.3 
51 Wool, fine or coarse animal hair;  horsehair yarn 
and woven fabric 70  10.6 0-25 6.5 368.0 
52 Cotton 156  16.2 0-25 7.6 907.3 
53 Other vegetable textile fibres;  paper yarn and 
woven fabrics of paper yarn 43  11.8 0-35 10.9 70.8 
54 Man-made filaments 88  12.7 2-25 6.0 567.2 
55 Man-made staple fibres 153  19.8 4-25 6.1 630.4 
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens;  special yarns;  
twine, cordage, ropes and cables and articles 
thereof 65  20.6 4-25 6.9 138.0 
57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings 38  37. 5 21.5-40 3.6 41.8 
58 Special woven fabrics;  tufted textile fabrics;  lace;  
tapestries;  trimmings;  embroidery 55  19.3 7.2-35 5.1 261.3 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd) Romania WT/TPR/S/155 
 Page 99 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines Average 
tariff (%) Range 
(%) Std-dev 
(%) Imports 2004 
(US$ million) 
59 Impregnated, coated, cove red or laminated textile 
fabrics;  textile articles of a kind suitable for 
industrial use 42  19.6 8-20 2.0 227.2 
60 Knitted or crocheted fa brics 57  25. 0 25 0.0 194.9 
61 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, 
knitted or crocheted 155  30.0 30 0.0 262.7 
62 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not 
knitted or crocheted 198  30.0 30 0.0 327.4 
63 Other made up textile articles;  sets;  worn clothing 
and worn textile articles;  rags 85  28.5 3-30 6.0 83.1 
64 Footwear, gaiters and th e like;  parts of such 
articles 79  25.2 5-30 3.9 387.8 
65 Headgear and parts thereof 15  21.7 15-25 4.5 6.6 
66 Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-
sticks, whips, riding-crops and parts thereof 9  20.0 20 0.0 7.0 
67 Prepared feathers and down and articles made of 
feathers or of down;  artificial flowers;  articles of human hair 8  25.6 10-30 6.8 1.5 
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica 
or similar materials 73  10.1 0-25 3.8 165.7 
69 Ceramic products 51  16.2 10-25 5.7 213.1 
70 Glass and glassware 131  15.6 0-30 7.2 185.4 
71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-
precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof;  imitation 
jewellery;  coin 63  10.9 3-30 9.8 0.0 
72 Iron and steel 337  16.0 0-20 6.9 1,058.2 
73 Articles of iron or steel 274  13.9 0-20 4.2 838.4 
74 Copper and articles thereof 69  7.6 0-15 4.5 121.0 
75 Nickel and articles thereof 18  6.7 0-10 4.9 22.9 
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 64  15.6 0-30 6.6 274.7 
78 Lead and articles thereof 13  4.6 0-10 4.8 3.0 
79 Zinc and articles thereof 12  5.3 3-10 3.4 24.4 
80 Tin and articles thereof 8  6.3 0-10 5.2 5.1 
81 Other base metals;  cermets;  ar ticles thereof 72  7.0 0-10 4.3 19.0 
82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of 
base metal;  parts thereof of base metal 105  23.6 2.7-25 3.7 123.5 
83 Miscellaneous articles of ba se metal 50  15.9 0-20 7.9 241.0 
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and 
mechanical appliances;  parts thereof 1,025  11.5 0-35 6.5 4,135.2 
85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts 
thereof;  sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and 
reproducers, and parts and accessories of such 
articles 653  10.8 0-42 11.7 3,636.9 
86 Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock 
and parts thereof;  railway or tramway track 
fixtures and fittings and parts thereof;  mechanical (including electro-mecha nical) traffic signalling 
equipment of all kinds 40  20.0 20 0.0 188.0 
87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-
stock, and parts and accessories thereof 180  24.4 0-35 8.9 2,662.4 
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and part s thereof 34  6.5 0-10 4.9 152.4 
89 Ships, boats and floating structures 38  20.0 20 0.0 19.7 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/155 Trade Policy Review 
Page 100 
 
 
Code Description No. of 
lines Average 
tariff (%) Range 
(%) Std-dev 
(%) Imports 2004 
(US$ million) 
90 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, 
measuring, checking, precision, medical or 
surgical instruments and apparatus;  parts and accessories thereof 300  6.7 0-21 5.3 575.5 
91 Clocks and watches and part s thereof 61  18.6 0-30 5.7 14.7 
92 Musical instruments;  parts and accessories of such 
articles 31  20.0 20 0.0 3.8 
93 Arms and ammunition;  parts and accessories 
thereof 28  10.0 10 0.0 0.0 
94 Furniture;  bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, 
cushions and similar stuffed furnishings;  lamps and lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or 
included;  illuminated signs, illuminated name-
plates 87  16.7 0-20 5.5 291.9 
95 Toys, games and sports requisites;  parts and 
accessories thereof 79  19.3 10-35 7.2 102.9 
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 71  12.9 7.5-21 3.2 184.3 
97 Works of art, collectors' pieces  and antiques 7  3.0 3 0.0 0.0 
a The total for imports is higher than the sum of sub-items, as certain imports, to the value of US$79.5 million  are not class ified in 
the HS.  
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by  the Romanian authorities; imports data from UNSD, 
Comtrade database. Romania WT/TPR/S/155 
 Page 101 
 
 
Table AIII.2 
Tariff quotas on imports from preferential origin, 2005  
Product Tariff item Quota In-quota tariff rate 
Origin:  EC 
Meat of bovine animal 0201;  0202.10;  0202.20;  0202.30.10;   
0202.30.50;  ex0202.30.90 4,000 tonnes 0.0% 
Edible offal 0206.10.95;  0206.29.91;  0210.20;  0210.99.51 100 tonnes 0.0% 
Meat and edible offal, of the poultry 0207 4,350 tonnes 0.0% 
Milk and cream, concentrated or 0402.10.19 1,500 tonnes 15.0% 
containing sugar 0402.21.11;  040 2.21.19;  0402.21.91  18.8% 
Butter and dairy spreads 0405.10;  0405.90 1,900 tonnes 18.8% 
Cheese 0406 2,900 tonnes 0.0% 
New potatoes 0701.90.50;  0701.90.90 20,000 tonnes 18.8% 
Wheat and meslin (other) 1001.90.91;  1001.90.99 125,000 tonnes 0.0% 
Rye 1002 30,000 tonnes 18.8% 
Barley seed 1003.00.10 1,118 tonnes 18.8% 
Barley (other) 1003.00.90 55,882 tonnes 18.8% 
Maize 1005.10 1,000 tonnes 0.0% 
 1005.90 49,000 tonnes 0.0% 
Rice 1006;  ex1006.10.10;  1102.30;   10,000 tonnes 0.0% 
Other cereals 1103.19.50;  1103.20.50  0.0% 
Wheat and meslin flour 1101;  1103.11;  11.03.20.60 3,000 tonnes 0.0% 
Malt 1107.10.11;  11.07.10.19;  1107.10.91;  
ex1107.10.99;  1107.20.00;   10,000 tonnes 0.0% 
Margarine 1517.10 1,000 tonnes 18.8% 
Preparation of meat of poultry 1602.31;  1602.32;  1602.39 725 tonnes 0.0% 
Preparation of meat of bovine 
animals 1602.50 500 tonnes 18.8 % 
Sugar 1701.11.10;  1701.12;  1701.99.10;  1701.99.90 20,000 tonnes 18.8% 
 1701.99.10 15,000 tonnes 45.0% 
Chocolate 1806.32.10;  1806.90.19;  1806.90.31;  
1806.90.39;  1806.90.50;  1806.90.60;  1806.90.70;  1806.90.90 900 tonnes 43.2% 
Olives (preserved) 2005.70 5,000 tonnes 0.0% 
Ice cream 2105.00.10 160 tonnes 41.3% 
Beer 2203 70,000 hl 55.0% 
Wine 2204.10;  2204.21;  2204.29 60,000 hl 0.0% 
Spirits 2208.20 1,500 hl 30.0% 
Whiskies 2208.30.11;  2208.30.19 1,400 hl 17.5% 
 2208.30.32;  2208.30.38;  2208.30.52;  
2208.30.58;  2208.30.72;  2208.30.78;  2208.30.82;  2208.30.88  30.0% 
Tobacco 2401.10.10;  240 1.10.20;  2401.10.60;  
2401.10.70;  2401.20.10;  2401.20.20 2,500 tonnes 18.8% 
Origin:  Turkey 
New potatoes 0701.90.50;  0701.90.90 2,000 tonnes 18.8% 
Pasta 1902.11 2,000 tonnes 22.0% 
 1902.19  18.0% 
 1902.20.91;  1902.20.99  15.0% 
 1902.30;  1902.40  22.0% 
Bread, pastry, biscuits and other 
bakers' wares 1905.31.11;  1905.31.19; 1905.31.30;  
1905.32.11;  1905.32.19  7,979 tonnes 25.0% 
 1905.31.91;  1905.31.99;  1905.32.05;  
1905.32.91;  1905.90.45;  1905.90.55; 1905.90.60  15.0% 
Table AIII.2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/155 Trade Policy Review 
Page 102 
 
 
Product Tariff item Quota In-quota tariff rate 
 1905.32.99;  1905.90.90  22.0% 
Olives (preserved) 2005.70 5,000 tonnes 0.0% 
Orange juice 2009.11;  2009.19 500 tonnes 18.8% 
Yeasts 2102.10.10;  2102.10.90;  2102.20.11;  
2102.20.19;  2102.30.00 3,450 tonnes 15.0% 
 2102.10.31;  2102.10.39  25.0% 
Tobacco 2401.10.10;  240 1.10.20;  2401.10.60;  
2401.10.70;  2401.20.10;  2401.20.20 500 tonnes 18.8% 
Origin:  Israel 
Fruits of the genus capsicum or 
pimenta ex0709.60.10 100 tonnes 14.0% 
Bakers' wares 1905.90.10 100 tonnes 30.0% 
Citrus fruits 2008.30.51;  2008.30.55;  2008.30.59;  
2008.30.71;  2008.30.75;  2008.30.79;  
2008.30.90 300 tonnes 18.8% 
Extracts, essences and concentrates 
of coffee 2101.11 600 tonnes 10.0% 
Protein concentrates 2106.10.80 550 tonnes 9.0% 
Other food preparations ex2106.90.92;  ex2106.90.98 1,500 tonnes 13.5% 
Origin:  Bulgaria  
Onions and shallots 0703.10 150 tonnes 14.4% 
Sugar (other) 1701.99 200 tonnes 72.0% 
Preserved fruits and vegetables 
(other) 2001.90;  ex2001.90.93 100 tonnes 15% 
Jams, jellies and marmalades 2007.10;  2007.99 50 tonnes 15% 
Juice (other) 2009.80;  ex2009.80.32 50 tonnes 32.0 
 2009.80.32  20.0 
Mixtures of juices 2009.90 80 tonnes 32.0 
Beer 2203 50 hl 77.0% 
Tobacco 2401 250 tonnes 25% 
Origin:  Macedonia  
Chocolate 1806.31;  1806.32;  1806.90;  1905.31 50 tonnes 0.0% 
Vegetables, fruits prepared or  2001.90.20 30 tonnes 0.0% 
preserved in vinegar or ace tic ecid 2001.90.50 30 tonnes 0.0% 
 ex2005.90.80 20 tonnes 0.0% 
Extracts, essences and concentrates 
of coffee and preparations  2101.11;  2001.12 5 tonnes 0.0% 
Sauces 2103.90.90 10 tonnes 11.0% 
 ex2103.90.90  3.8% 
Soups 2104.10  7.5% 
Tobacco 2401 200 tonnes 0.0% 
Origin:  Croatia  
Cheese and curd 0406 50 tonnes 33.8% 
Mandarins 0805.20 600 tonnes 0.0% 
Preparations of meat of poultry, of 
swine, livers 1602.10;  1602.20;  1602.31;  1502.32;  1602.39;  
1602.42;  1602.49 50 tonnes 15.0% 
Preparations of meat of bovine 
animals 1602.50  18.0% 
Vegetable, fruits preserved by sugar ex2006.90.98 600 tonnes 0.0% 
Wine of fresh grapes 2204;  ex2204.21.85 1,000 hl 42.0% 
 2204.21.85  220.5% 
Table AIII.2 (cont'd) Romania WT/TPR/S/155 
 Page 103 
 
 
Product Tariff item Quota In-quota tariff rate 
Origin:  Albania  
Cheese 0406.90.29;  0406.90.31;  0406.9033 50 tonnes 0.0% 
Beans ex0708.20.00 100 tonnes 0.0% 
Dried beans 0713.31.00 50 tonnes 0.0% 
Figs 0804.20.90 100 tonnes 0.0% 
Watermelons ex0807.11.00 500 tonnes 0.0% 
Melons ex0807.19.00 100 tonnes 0.0% 
Olive oil 15.09 100 tonnes 0.0% 
Sausages and similar pr oducts 1601 50 tonnes 0.0% 
Other prepared and preserved meat 1602 50 tonnes 0.0% 
Preserved fruits and vegetables 
(other) 2001.90.65 100 tonnes 0.0% 
Fruit juices 2009.11;  2009.19;  2009.21;  2009.29;  2009.31;  
2009.39;  2009.41;  2009.49 100 tonnes 0.0% 
Waters 2201;  2202 1,000 tonnes 0.0% 
Origin:  Serbia and Montenegro  
Live bovine animals 0102.9051;  0102.90.59;  0102.90.61;  
0102.90.69;  0102.90.71;  0102.90.79;  0102.90.90 1,000 tonnes 22.0% 
Dried vegetables 0712;  ex0712.90.05 50 tonnes 18.0% 
Dried leguminous vegetables 0713.20 .00;  0713.31.00;  0713.40.00;  
0713.90.00 300 tonnes 18.0% 
Cherries, peaches... 0809.20.05;  0809.30;  0809.40.90 300 tonnes 18.0% 
Wheat 1001.90.99 30,000 tonnes 15.0% 
Maize 1005.90.00 10,000 tonnes 15.0% 
Sunflower 1512.11.91;  1512.19.90 1,000 tonnes 27.0% 
Margarine etc. 1517 100 tonnes 27.0% 
Preserved and prepared meat other 
than sausages 1602.10;  1602.20;  1602.31;  1602.32;  1602.39;  
1602.42;  1602.49 100 tonnes 15.0% 
of bovine animals 1602.50  18.0% 
Jams, fruits jellies, not homogenised 2007.91;  2007.99 150 tonnes 15.0% 
Fruit juices 2009.71;  ex2009.80.35;  ex2009.80.38;  
2009.80.71;  ex2009.80.79;  ex2009.80.86;  
ex2009.80.89;  2009.80.96;  ex2009.80.99 500 tonnes 27.0% 
Soups 2104.10 50 tonnes 13.0% 
Waters 2201 800 tonnes 27.0% 
Wine of fresh grapes 2204 1,000 tonnes 45.0% 
Source : WTO Secretariat calculations , based on data provided by the Romanian authorities. WT/TPR/S/155 Trade Policy Review 
Page 104 
 
 
Table AIII.3 
Excise taxes on imports, 2005 
Description Excise 
(equivalent in euros/unit of measure) 
A.  Alcohol beverages  
Beer € 0.74 per hl/1 degree Plato 
Sparkling wines € 34.05 per hl  
Sparkling fermented beverages other than beer or wines €34.05 per hl 
Intermediate products € 51.08 per hl 
Ethyl alcohol € 465.35 per hl of pure alcohol 
B. Tobacco products   
Cigarettes € 9.10  per 1,000 cigarettes + 30.0% 
Cigars and cigarillos  € 22.13 per 1,000 pieces 
Smoking tobacco 
  Intended for cigarettes rolls € 29.51/kg 
€ 29.51/kg 
C.  Mineral oils  
Leaded petrol € 480.00 per tonne 
€ 369.60 per 1,000 litres 
Unleaded petroleum € 425.06 per tonne 
€ 327.29 per 1,000 litres 
Gas oil € 307.59 per tonne 
€ 259.91 per 1,000 litres 
Heavy fuel oil 6.81  per tonne 
Liquid petroleum gas 
  Used as motor fuel   Used as heating fuel    For domestic use   
€ 128.26 per tonne € 113.50 per tonne 
€ 0.50 per tonne 
Natural gas use as motor fuel € 1.59 per gigajoule 
Lamp oil (including Kerosene)   Used as motor fuel 
 
  Used as heating fuel  
€ 469.89 per tonne 
€ 375.91 per 1,000 litres 
€ 469.89 per tonne 
€ 375.91 per 1,000 litres 
Benzene, toluene xylene and other mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons € 469.89 per tonne 
D.  Electricity   
Electricity 
  For business use   For non-business use  
€ 0.14 MWh € 0.30 MWh 
E.  Other products  
Green coffee € 680 per tonne 
Roasted coffee, including coffee w ith substitutes € 1,000 per tonne 
Soluble coffee € 4 per kg 
Natural fur products (with the excep tion of rabbit, goat and sheep) 45% 
Articles of crystal 55% 
Jewellery of gold and platinum (except for wedding bands) 25% 
Perfumes 35% 
Eau de perfume 25% 
Eau de toilette 15% 
Eau de cologne 10% 
Microwave ovens 20% 
Air conditioning units 20% 
Hunting guns and guns for individu al use, other than guns used 
for military or for sport 100% 
Yachts 50% 
Boats, with or without engine, for pleasure 30% 
Table AIII.3 (cont'd) Romania WT/TPR/S/155 
 Page 105 
 
 
Description Excise 
(equivalent in euros/unit of measure) 
Cars equipped with petrol engine  
With cylinder capacity of less than 1,601 cm3 New cars: 1% 
Used cars: 2.5% 
With cylinder capacity between 1,601 and 1,800 cm3 New cars: 2.5% 
Used cars: 5.5% 
With cylinder capacity between 1,801 and 2,000 cm3 New cars: 4% 
Used cars: 10% 
With cylinder capacity between 2,001 and 2,500 cm3 New cars: 8% 
Used cars: 21% 
With cylinder capacity of more than 2,500 cm3 New cars: 11% 
Used cars: 32% 
Cars equipped with diesel engine  
With cylinder capacity of less than 1,601 cm3 New cars: 1% 
Used cars: 2.5% 
With cylinder capacity between 1,601 and 2,000 cm3 New cars: 2.5% 
Used cars: 5.5% 
With cylinder capacity between 2,001 and 2,500 cm3 New cars: 4% 
Used cars: 11% 
With cylinder capacity between 2,501 and 3,100 cm3 New cars: 8% 
Used cars: 21% 
With cylinder capacity of more than 3,100 cm3 New cars: 11% 
Used cars: 32% 
Source : Information provided by the Romanian authorities. WT/TPR/S/155 Trade Policy Review 
Page 106 
 
 
Table AIII.4 
Majority state-owned companies to  be privatized by AVAS, June 2005 
Company Activity field State share 
(%) Total share 
capital  
('000 ROL) 
ABROM - BIRLAD Abrasive s production 77.16 62,879,100 
ADMINISTRARE CAZARE CANTINE 
BUCURESTI Management of buildings  91.17 8,768,050 
ANCONA - TIRGU MURES Building activities,  including works of art 71.88 4,076,564 
APCOM SELECT - TIRGU MURES Restaurants 96.97 2,039,675 
APOLLO - DEVA Production of non- alcoholic beverages 70.00 5,139,425 
ARCADIA 2000 (SEMNAL) - BUCURESTI Retail of books, newspapers and stationery 
products 100.00 5,575,275 
AVERSA - BUCURESTI Manufacture of pumps and compressors 66.27 166,581,600 
AVIATIA UTILITARA - IASI Air transport 100.00 4,191,125 
AVICOLA PUI CARNE - BAIA MARE Poultry breeding 66.27 39,211,000 
BANCA DE EXPORT IMPORT - EXIMBANK - 
BUCURESTI Other monetary activities 87.40 851,318,510 
BANEASA (IPRS) - VOLUNTARI Manufacturing of electronic tubes and 
other electronic elements 52.65 189,399,675 
BICAPA - TIRNAVENI Production of basi c inorganic chemicals 97.94 306,034,625 
CARPIC - CAREI JUD SATU MARE Flax-h emp and jute fiber preparation and 
spinning 100.00 17,587,950 
CASSTIL - BUCURESTI Research and development in natural 
science and physics 65.56 2,153,300 
CCMMM-CENTR.DE 
CERC.PT.MAT.MACRO MOLECULARE - 
BUCURESTI Research and development in natural 
science and physics 71.33 381,067 
CELROM - DR.TR.SEVERIN Manufacture of paper and cardboard 
products 51.00 76,724,100 
CENTRU DE ECHITATIE - POIANA BRASOV Hotels and restaurants 67.72 10,245,500 
CENTRUL DE CERCETARI PENTRU 
ANTIBIOTICE - IASI  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 100.00 207,313 
CEPIEM - BUCURESTI - B Testing and t echnical analyses service 56.48 414,112 
CEPROHART - BRAILA  Design, town engineering and other 
technical services 58.77 6,973,475 
CEPROM - SATU MARE  Design,  town engineering and other 
technical services 59.33 1,248,636 
CEREALCOM TULCEA - TULCEA  Retail of corn, seeds, and cereals for 
animal use 100.00 14,922,650 
CESAR (CENTRUL DE EXPLOATARE SI 
STUDII PT. AUTOMOBILE.) - CAMPULUNG  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 89.89 44,500 
CIPROM - PLOIESTI  Other e ngineering activitie s 51.07 55,896,878 
COLOROM - CODLEA  Dyes and pigment production 69.67 109,816,650 
COMALEX - ALEXANDRIA Other reta il of food products, beverages, 
and tobacco products in unspecified stores 53.67 14,244,850 
COMLEF - SALONTA  Retail of fr uit and vegetables 52.81 801,837 
CONSTRUCTII CARACAL DRAGANESTI - 
CARACAL  Building activities, including works of art 59.14 1,153,350 
CONSTRUCTII FEROVIARE MOLDOVA - 
IASI Building activities, including works of art 50.95 26,623,494 
DELFINCOM - BUCURESTI  Real estate development 59.26 27,236,150 
DUNASI - GALATI  Hotels a nd restaurants 95.22 8,904,950 
ECO SID - HUNEDOARA  Recovery of recyclable waste and scrap 100.00 98,130,075 
ELECTROPUTERE - CRAIOVA  Production of engines, generators, and 
electricity transformers 62.83 124,168,008 
FAMOS - SUCEAVA  Production of medical  equipment and tools 98.74 615,170,325 
  Table AIII.4 (cont'd) Romania WT/TPR/S/155 
 Page 107 
 
 
Company Activity field State share 
(%) Total share 
capital  
('000 ROL) 
GEMINSERV - RAMNICU VALCE  Restaurants 100.00 3,702,300 
GOSTRANS - ANINA  Water management , caption and treatment 89.29 830,100 
GRULEN - CIMPULUNG  Production of  fibers and of synthetic and 
artificial fibers 98.21 98,454,400 
HABER – HATEG Production of beer 51.71 80,178,187 
HART MIERCUREA CIUC Tractors and other agricultural machines 
manufacture  79.40 40,725,175 
I.C.E.F.S. - SAVINESTI Research  and development in natural 
science and physics 70.00 4,789,300 
ICEPALV - I.C.PROTECT. ANTICOROZ. 
LACURI & VOPSELE - BUCURESTI  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 60.65 2,387,450 
ICPE BISTRITA - BISTRITA  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 100.00 507,300 
ICTCM - BUCURESTI  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 69.87 9,979,150 
IMOD - BUCURESTI  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 62.85 1,935,750 
INAR - BRASOV  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 57.10 20,846,700 
INAV - BUCURESTI  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 69.93 5,444,500 
INFOMURES - TIRGU MURES  Ot her IT activities 82.73 1,218,425 
INST. NAT. DE CERCET. AEROSP. ELIE 
CARAFOLI - BUCURESTI  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 99.98 16,816,050 
INSTITUTUL NATIONAL AL LEMNULUI - 
BUCURESTI  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 100.00 6,773,750 
INSTITUTUL NATIONAL DE STICLA – 
BUCURESTI  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 75.14 12,862,825 
INTEC – BUCURESTI  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 70.11 6,782,800 
ISPCF – INSTIT. STUDII SI PROIECTARI CAI 
FERATE – BUCURESTI  Design, town engineering and other 
technical services 70.00 503,625 
ISPIF – BUCURESTI  Design, town engineering and other 
technical services 96.27 3,573,475 
ITC – INST. PT. TEHNICA DE CALCUL – 
BUCURESTI  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 69.92 6,392,250 
ITEC – BRAZI  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 71.25 1,349,625 
LAMINORUL – BRAILA  Production of raw and semi-finished iron-
based metals 69.99 295,188,474 
LUX – PERIAM  Manufacturing of other clothing products 
and accessories 63.64 2,619,969 
MASTER – BUCURESTI  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 66.69 12,928,600 
MENAROM – GALATI  Ship building 50.00 24,648,475 
MOLDOPLAST – IASI  Production of pl astic wrapping materials 97.36 281,351,700 
MOPAN – TURNU MAGURELE  Production of bakery products 70.00 2,669,975 
NICOLINA – IASI  Production and repair of rail transportation 
means and rolling stock 56.87 88,378,250 
NITROCONTROL – FAGARAS  Greywater treatment 79.05 1,956,275 
NITROEXPLOSIVES – FAGARAS  Produc tion of explosives 79.05 57,567,200 
NITROFERTILIZER – FAGARAS  Produc tion of fertilizer s 79.05 85,095,725 
NITROSERVICE – FAGARAS Other e ngineering activitie s 79.05 47,880,025 
NITROTRANS – FAGARAS  Railway  transportati on 79.05 12,627,225 
  Table AIII.4 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/155 Trade Policy Review 
Page 108 
 
 
Company Activity field State share 
(%) Total share 
capital  
('000 ROL) 
ORLATEX – ORLAT  Carded wool fabrics 91.66 4,047,850 
PETROMIN – CONSTANTA  Sea shi pping of merchandise 70.01 562,189,275 
PRODMNR – ILFOV  Casting of other non-iron metals 70.11 4,577,575 
ROMPLUMB – BAIA MARE  Production of  lead, zinc and tin 96.03 78,211,750 
RULMENTUL – BRASOV  Manufacture of bearings, gears and 
mechanical driving parts 50.89 342,652,496 
SALUBRIS – SIBIU  Letting and sub-letting of owned or rented 
real estate 87.76 1,353,650 
SENZOROM – CCP – CLUJ NAPOCA  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 100.00 55,325 
SERACOM (COMPANIA DE CONSTRUCTII 
HOLDING) – TIRGU MURES  Cafeterias 58.33 3,098,749 
SIAT - SISTEME INDUSTRIALE DE 
AUTOMATIZARI - BUCURESTI  Production of computers and other 
electronic equipment 50.71 7,629,250 
SOCIETATEA COMERCIALA DE 
PRELUCRARE A CARNII SPLAI - BUCURESTI  Retail trade of meat and meat products 70.22 7,336,275 
SSI (SOC.DE SERVICII INFORMATICE) - 
BOTOSANI  Other IT activities 70.00 401,600 
SSI (SOC.DE SERVICII INFORMATICE) - 
TIRGOVISTE  Data processing 95.86 394,375 
STRAERO - BUCURESTI  Research and development in natural 
science and physics 100.00 8,325,950 
TEHNOMAG CUG - CLUJ-NAPOCA  Design, town engineering and other 
technical services 79.68 1,179,725 
TERMOPROIECT - IASI  Design, town engineering and other 
technical services 100.00 147,925 
TRACTORUL UTB BRASOV Tractors manufacturing 80.17 923,159,838 
TRANSPORT MIXT STAMC - RIMNICU-
SARAT  Other passenger transport 84.75 1,689,900 
TRANSPORTURI AUTO BERCENI - 
BUCURESTI  Road transportation of merchandise 59.51 1,233,100 
TROCADERO - BUCURESTI  Restaurants 69.27 6,316,525 
U.V.C.P. - TURNU MAGURELE  Iron extraction and processing 100.00 33,613,000 
UNTIM - TIMISOARA  Production of cheese and dairy products 64.46 14,373,638 
VINALCOOL BIHOR - ORADEA  Production of distilled alcoholic be verages 57.17 10,002,363 
Source: Information provided by the Romanian authorities. 
 Romania WT/TPR/S/155 
 Page 109 
 
 
Table AIV.1 
Applied MFN tariffs, by ISIC Rev.2 category, 2005 
(Per cent and US$ million) 
Simple 
average Range Standard 
deviation ISIC code Description Number 
of lines 
(Per cent) 2004 
Imports 
(US$ million)
 Total 10,096 17.5 0-220 13.4 32,584.3a 
1 Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing 598 16.2 0-100 12.1 707.9 
11 Agriculture and hunting 427 16.4 0-100 13.3 692.0 
12 Forestry and logging 40 3.0 0-30 5.0 11.9 
121 Forestry 18 4.8 3-5 0.6 4.3 
122 Logging 22 1.5 0-30 6.4 7.6 
13 Fishing 131 19.6 3-25 4.3 4.0 
1301 Ocean and coastal fish ing 113 19.6 3-25 3.8 2.1 
1302 Fishing n.e.c. 18 19.5 3-25 6.4 1.8 
            
2 Mining and quarrying 131 5.2 0-15 4.0 2,748.9 
21 Coal mining 6 0.0 0 0.0 309.3 
22 Crude petroleum and natural ga s production 9 12.0 0-15 6.0 1,937.9 
23 Metal ore mining 27 2.3 0-3 1.2 421.6 
2301 Mining of iron ores 2 0.0 0 0.0 285.3 
2302 Non-ferrous ore mining 25 2.5 0-3 1.1 136.3 
29 Other mining 89 5.7 0-10 3.3 80.1 
2901 Mining of feldspar 43 7.6 0-10 2.7 39.2 
2902 Mining of fertilizer and chemi cal minerals 13 2.6 0-8 2.3 24.4 
2903 Salt mining 5 5.0 5 0.0 5.1 
2909 Mining and quarrying n.e.s. 28 4.5 0-10 3.2 11.5 
            
3 Manufacturing 9,366 17.7 0-220 13.4 29,033.9 
3 - 31 Manufacturing (excluding food pr ocessing) 7,600 15.0 0-220 10.5 27,541.4 
            
31 Manufacture of food, beverages a nd tobacco 1,766 29. 5 0-150 17.8 1,492.5 
311 Food products 1,431 26.1 0-150 13.9 968.7 
3111 Meat products 301 31.0 0-45 15.2 383.4 
3112 Dairy products 156 39.4 0-150 18.4 32.8 
3113 Fruit and vegetable canning 396 23.4 2.4-40 8.9 110.6 
3114 Fish products 246 21.7 3-25 2.9 57.4 
3115 Manufacture of oil and fats (veg. and animal) 126 13.3 0-40 11.4 111.8 
3116 Grain mill products 117 21.8 0-40 9.6 50.2 
3117 Manufacture of bakery products 32 34.2 20-40 6.0 41.2 
3118 Sugar products 11 53.2 15-90 30.3 128.2 
3119 Cocoa and chocolate confec tionery 46 31.3 0-45 14.6 53.0 
312 Other food products and animal feeds 145 22.8 0-75 16.7 243.7 
3121 Other food products 107 25.5 0-75 18.5 182.8 
3122 Manufacture of animal feeds 38 15.2 0-18 4.7 60.9 
313 Beverages 181 58.1 5-110 12.7 90.3 
3131 Distillation of spirits and alc ohol production 56 60.4 35-95 8.2 38.0 
3132 Manufacture of wines 108 58.5 5-60 9.1 5.4 
3133 Manufacture of malt liquors and malt 8 58.1 15-110 43.3 35.5 
3134 Soft drinks and mineral waters 9 40.0 40 0.0 11.5 
314 Tobacco manufacturi ng 9 93.8 60-98 12.7 189.8 
            
32 Textile, wearing apparel and leathe r industries 1,402 21. 7 0-40 9.1 5,188.8 
321 Textiles 1,006 20. 9 0-40 9.1 3,677.7 
3211 Textile spinning, weaving and finishing 562 15.7 0-35 7.7 2,731.8 
3212 Made-up textile goods except wear ing apparel 92 28. 0 7.2-30 5.1 89.2 
3213 Knitted and crocheted fa brics 212 28.7 25-30 2.2 457.6 
  Table AIV.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/155 Trade Policy Review 
Page 110 
 
 
Simple 
average Range Standard 
deviation ISIC code Description Number 
of lines 
(Per cent) 2004 
Imports 
(US$ million)
3214 Carpets and rugs 38 37.5 21.5-40 3.6 41.8 
3215 Cordage, rope, etc 24 25.0 25 0.0 10.0 
3219 Textiles n.e.c. 78 19.2 8-25 4.7 347.3 
322 Manufacture of wearing apparel, ex cept footwear 219 29.1 15-30 3.0 369.3 
323 Leather products, except footwear and wearing 
apparel 120 14.1 5-30 10.0 790.7 
3231 Tanning and dressing of leather 60 5.0 5 0.0 733.6 
3232 Fur dressing and dying 29 22.8 15-30 7.6 12.9 
3233 Leather products except footwear 31 23.5 10-25 3.9 44.2 
324 Footwear, except vulcanized rubber or plastic 
footwear 57 23.6 5-25 3.2 351.1 
  57 23.6 5-25 3.2   
33 Wood and wood products, including furniture 189 13.0 0-40 8.3 386.6 
331 Wood and wood products, except furniture 152 11.5 0-40 8.4 227.6 
3311 Sawmills and woodmills  109 9.5 0-30 6.4 206.5 
3312 Wooden case containers and cane ware 16 18.8 10-30 9.2 5.2 
3319 Wood and cork products 27 15.2 0-40 11.2 15.9 
332 Manuf. of furniture & fixtures, except primarily of 
metal 37 19.2 0-20 3.6 159.1 
            
34 Paper, paper products, printing and publishing 228 12.4 0-15 4.4 662.6 
341 Paper products 188 13.1 0-15 3.7 527.1 
3411 Pulp, paper and paper board 126 12.4 0-15 4.0 238.5 
3412 Containers, paper boxes, pa perboard 8 15.0 15 0.0 106.5 
3419 Articles n.e.s.(stationery) 54 14.4 0-15 2.4 182.1 
342 Printing and publishing and allied industries 40 8. 8 0-15 5.8 135.5 
            
35 Chemicals, petroleum, coal, rubbe r, plastics 1,784 14.6 0-220 13.5 6,100.5 
351 Industrial chemicals 1,121 13.8 0-220 10.1 1,817.0 
3511 Basic industrial chemicals 798 13.5 0-220 11.1 669.0 
3512 Fertilizers and pesticid es 63 8.0 0-15 5.1 117.1 
3513 Synthetic resins, plastic material s except glass 260 16.0 0-20 6.5 1,031.0 
352 Other chemicals, incl. pharm. 438 17.4 0-150 20.4 1,770.4 
3521 Paints, varnishes and l acquers 31 8.7 4-10 1.7 185.3 
3522 Drugs and medicines 154 6.3 0-20 7.8 940.9 
3523 Soaps 38 14.5 0-23 6.9 344.3 
3529 Other chemicals n.e.s. 215 27.1 0-150 24.5 299.9 
353 Petroleum refineries 64 4.8 0-15 4.4 1,208.0 
354 Manuf. of miscellaneous petroleum & coal 
products 17 6.2 0-15 6.2 375.9 
355 Rubber products 109 18.4 0-30 11.3 447.8 
3551 Tyre and tube industries 31 26.5 0-30 9.5 124.8 
3559 Rubber products n.e.s. 78 15.2 0-30 10.3 323.0 
356 Manufacture of plastic products n.e.s. 35 17.6 0-20 5.6 481.3 
            
36 Non-metallic mineral products except of petrol. & 
coal 279 14.0 0-30 6.5 574.4 
361 Pottery and china 25 21.4 15-25 4.2 21.4 
362 Manufacture of glass and glass products 130 15.7 0-30 7.2 171.0 
369 Other non-metallic mineral products 124 10.7 0-25 3.8 382.0 
3691 Structural clay products 32 12.5 10-15 2.5 213.6 
3692 Cement, lime and plaster 9 13.3 10-15 2.5 11.1 
3699 Non-metallic mineral pr oducts 83 9.7 0-25 3.9 157.3 
37 Basic metal industries 671 12.4 0-20 7.3 1,544.2 
  Table AIV.1 (cont'd)Romania WT/TPR/S/155 
 Page 111 
 
 
Simple 
average Range Standard 
deviation ISIC code Description Number 
of lines 
(Per cent) 2004 
Imports 
(US$ million)
371 Iron and steel basic industries 425 15.3 0-20 6.8 1,205.5 
372 Non-ferrous metal basic i ndustries 246 7.4 0-15 5.1 338.7 
            
38 Fabricated metal products, machinery & equipment 2,753 12.8 0-42 9.1 12,541.8 
381 Fabricated metal products, except machinery & 
equip. 364 16.2 0-30 6.5 1,222.0 
3811 Manufacture of cutlery and hardware 92 21.1 0-25 7.0 192.4 
3812 Metal furniture and fixtures 18 17.8 0-20 6.5 45.9 
3813 Structural metal products 36 14.7 5.5-20 3.6 422.6 
3819 Fabricated metal prod. excpt mach. & equip. n.e.c. 218 14.3 0-30 5.5 561.2 
382 Non-electrical machinery incl. computers 1,001 12.2 0-35 6.9 3,857.6 
3821 Engines and turbines 37 11.3 0-15 5.9 27.5 
3822 Agricultural machinery 24 16.5 3.8-30 6.4 68.6 
3823 Metal and woodworking machinery 218 16.3 0-25 5.7 523.3 
3824 Special industrial machinery 223 12.9 0-22 4.7 863.2 
3825 Office machinery 65 5.8 0-20 7.7 727.2 
3829 Non-electrical machinery and equipment, n.e.s. 434 10.6 0-35 7.2 1,647.9 
383 Electrical machinery apparatus, appliances & 
supplies 664 11.0 0-42 11.5 3,667.1 
3831 Electrical motors and apparatus 157 7.9 0-15 6.0 806.4 
3832 Radio, telivision and communicati on equipment 307 11.9 0-42 15.5 1,811.2 
3833 Electrical appliances and houseware 42 15.1 0-30 4.9 136.5 
3839 Electrical apparatus n.e.s. 158 11.4 0-20 6.1 912.9 
384 Transport equipment 351 18.3 0-35 10.0 3,150.3 
3841 Ship building and repairing 61 17.9 15-20 2.5 42.3 
3842 Raiway and tramway 40 20.0 20 0.0 188.0 
3843 Motor vehicles 162 21.5 0-30 10.8 2,712.7 
3844 Motorcycles et bicycles 34 22.1 0-35 8.5 33.7 
3845 Aircraft manufacture 48 5.0 0-15 4.9 165.2 
3849 Other transport equipment n.e.c. 6 10.0 0-30 15.5 8.3 
385 Professional and scientific equipment 373 8.9 0-30 7.0 644.9 
3851 Prof., scientif., measuring equipment 218 6.1 0-25 5.0 553.1 
3852 Photographic and optical  goods 94 9.0 0-21 5.9 77.1 
3853 Watches and clocks 61 18.6 0-30 5.7 14.7 
            
39 Other manufacturing industries 294 16.6 0-35 7.3 542.4 
3901 Jewellery and related ar ticles 21 17.3 3-30 12.3 0.0 
3902 Musical instruments 31 20.0 20 0.0 3.8 
3903 Sporting goods 40 23.6 15-30 3.4 45.1 
3909 Other manufacturing n.e.c. 202 14.7 0-35 6.7 493.4 
            
4 Electrical energy 1 6.0 6 0.0 93.6 
a The total for imports is higher than the sum of sub-items, as certain imports, to  the value of US$79.5 million are not classi fied in 
the HS.  
Source: WTO Secretariat calculations , based on data provided by the Romanian authorities. 
 
 WT/TPR/S/155 Trade Policy Review 
Page 112 
 
 
Table AIV.2 
Summary of Romania's specific commitments in services 
(Explanation of symbols at end of table) 
Modes of supply 
Sector or subsector  Cross-border 
supply Consumption 
abroad Commercial 
presence Presence of 
natural persons 
 Market access/National treatment 
1.  BUSINESS SERVICES     
A.  Professionals services      
Legal services NL/NL NL/NL U/U U/U 
Architectural and urban planning services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Advisory and consultative engineering services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Engineering design services for mechanical and electrical 
installations for buildings NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
B.  Computer and related services  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Consultancy services relate d to the installation of 
computer hardware NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Software development and implementation services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Data processing services and data-entry NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Data-base services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Computer services which are an integral part of the 
delivery of services of other categories NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
F.  Other business services      
Consultancy services on manage ment and services related 
to consultancy services on management NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
2.  COMMUNICATION SERVICES     
C.  Telecommunication services      
Voice telephone services Local/Long-distance/ 
International SS/NL NL/NL SS/NL Uex/Uex 
Voice telephone services for non-public use NL/NL NL/NL NLss/NL Uex/Uex 
Packet-switched data transmission services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
Circuit-switched data transmission se rvices NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
Telex and telegraph services SS/NL NL/NL SS/NL Uex/Uex 
Facsimile services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
Leased circuit services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
Electronic mail NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Voice mail NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
On-line information and data-base re trieval NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Electronic data interchange NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Enhanced/value-added facsimile serv ices NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Code and protocol conversion NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
On-line information and/or data processing (including 
transaction processing) NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Analog cellular mobile telephony SS/NL NL/NL NLss/NL Uex/Uex 
Digital cellular mobile telephony NLss/NL NL/NL NLss/NL Uex/Uex 
Paging services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/Uex 
VSAT services for non-public use NL/NL NL/NL NLss/NL Uex/Uex 
   Table AIV.2 (cont'd)Romania WT/TPR/S/155 
 Page 113 
 
 
Modes of supply 
Sector or subsector  Cross-border 
supply Consumption 
abroad Commercial 
presence Presence of 
natural persons 
 Market access/National treatment 
3.  CONSTRUCTION SERVICES     
A. General construction work for buildings  Utf/Utf NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
B. General construction works-civil engineering  Utf/Utf NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
C. Installation and assembly work, erection of 
prefabricated construction  Utf/Utf NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
D. Building completion and finishing work  Utf/Utf NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
4.  DISTRIBUTION SERVICES     
A. Commission agents' services  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
B. Wholesale trade services  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
C. Retailing services  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
6.  ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES     
D.  Other services  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
7.  FINANCIAL SERVICES     
A.  All insurance and in surance-related services      
Life insurance services U/U U/U SS/NL Uex/NLex 
Non-life insurance services U/U U/U SS/NL Uex/NLex 
Reinsurance and retrocession services  NLss/NL NLss/NL SS/NL Uex/NLex 
Services auxiliary to insu rance (including broking and 
agency services) U/U U/U SS/NL Uex/NLex 
B.  Banking and othe r financial services    
Acceptance of deposits and other reimbursable funds from 
the public NL/NL SS/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Lending of all types NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
All payments and money transmission services SS/NL SS/NL NL/NL Uex/Nlex 
Guarantees and commitments NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Trading for own account or for account of customer, 
whether on an exchange, in an over-the-counter market or 
otherwise: transferable securities U/U SS/NL SS/NLss Uex/NLex 
Participation in issues of a ll kinds of securities, including 
underwriting and placement as agent (whether publicly or 
privately) and provision of services related to such issues U/U U/U SS/NLss Uex/NLex 
Money broking NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Asset management, such as portfolio management, all 
forms of collective investme nt management, pensions 
fund management, custodial de positary and trust services U/U U/U NLss/NLss Uex/NLex 
Settlement and clearing services for financial assets, 
including securities, and de rivative products, and other 
negotiable instruments U/U U/U NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Consultancy and other auxiliary serv ices NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
Provision and transfer of fi nancial information, and 
financial data processing and related software by 
providers of other financial services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
9.  TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES     
A.  Hotels and restaurants  Utf/Utf NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
   Table AIV.2 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/155 Trade Policy Review 
Page 114 
 
 
Modes of supply 
Sector or subsector  Cross-border 
supply Consumption 
abroad Commercial 
presence Presence of 
natural persons 
 Market access/National treatment 
B. & C.  Travel agencies, tour operators and tourist guides 
services  NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
10.  TRANSPORT SERVICES     
C.  Air transport services      
Maintenance and repair of aircraft Utf/Utf NL/NL SS/NL Uex/NLex 
Sales and marketing services for air transport NL/NL NL/NL U/U Uex/NLex 
Computer-reservation services NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
F.  Road transport services      
Passenger and freight transportation U/U NL/NL NL/NL Uex/NLex 
NL No limitations, i.e. Romania agreed to place no constraints on the item in question. 
NLex No limitations, only as indicated in Romania's horizontal commitments. 
NLss No limitations, except for some sector-specific provisions. U Unbound, i.e Romania made no engagements with respect to the item in question. 
Uex Unbound, except as indicated in Romania's horizontal commitments. 
Utf Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility. SS Sector-specific provisions apply. 
Source:  WTO document S/DCS/W/ ROM, 24 January 2003.  
 
__________