WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION  
ORGANISATION MONDIALE DU COMMERCE  
ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DEL COMERCIO  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
31 March 2008 
 (08-1413) 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects 
of Intellectual Property Rights Original:   English/ 
 anglais/  inglés 
 
  
MAIN DEDICATED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS AND 
REGULATIONS NOTIFIED UNDER ARTICLE 63.2 
OF THE AGREEMENT 
 
JAPAN 
  
 The present document reproduces the text
1 of the Trademark Act, as notified by Japan under 
Article 63.2 of the Agreement (see document IP/N/1/JPN/8). 
 
 Conseil des aspects des droits de propriété 
intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce  
 
PRINCIPALES LOIS ET RÉGLEMENTATIONS CONSACRÉES À LA 
PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE NOTIFIÉES AU TITRE 
DE L'ARTICLE 63:2 DE L'ACCORD 
 
JAPON 
   Le présent document contient le texte
1 de la Loi sur les marques de fabrique ou de commerce, 
qui a été notifiée par le Japon au titre de l'article 63:2 de l'Accord (voir le document IP/N/1/JPN/8). 
 
 Consejo de los Aspectos de los Derechos de Propiedad 
Intelectual relacionados con el Comercio  
 
PRINCIPALES LEYES Y REGLAMENTOS DEDICADOS A LA PROPIEDAD 
INTELECTUAL NOTIFICADOS EN VIRTUD DEL PÁRRAFO 2 
DEL ARTÍCULO 63 DEL ACUERDO 
 
JAPÓN 
  
 En el presente documento se reproduce el texto
1 de la Ley de Marcas de Fábrica o de 
Comercio, que el Japón ha notificado en virtud de l párrafo 2 del artículo 63 del Acuerdo (véase el 
documento IP/N/1/JPN/8). 
 
                                                      
1 In English only. The text in the original language is available for consultation by interested 
Delegations at the WTO Secretariat./En anglais seulemen t.  Les délégations intéressées peuvent consulter le 
texte dans sa langue d'origine, au Secrétariat de l'OM C./En inglés solamente.  Las delegaciones interesadas 
podrán consultar en la Secretaría de la OMC el texto en su idioma original. IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 2  
 
TRADEMARK ACT (ABRIDGMENT) 
(April 13, 1959) 
(Law No.127) 
 
  TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
CHAPTER I   GENERAL PROVISIONS (ARTICLE 1 AND ARTICLE 2) 
 
CHAPTER II   TRADEMARK REGISTRATION AND APPLICATION FOR 
REGISTRATION OF TRADEMARK (ARTICLE 3 THROUGH 
ARTICLE 13-2)  
CHAPTER III   EXAMINATION (ARTICLE 14 THROUGH ARTICLE 17-2) 
 
CHAPTER IV   TRADEMARK RIGHT 
 
     Part 1   Trademark Right  (Article 18 through Article 35) 
 
     Part 2   Infringement of Right (Article 36 through Article 39) 
 
     Part 3   Registration F ees (Article 40 through Article 43) 
 
CHAPTER IV-2   OPPOSITION TO REGISTRATION (ARTICLE 43-2 THROUGH 
ARTICLE 43-14)  
CHAPTER V   HEARINGS (ARTICLE 44 THROUGH ARTICLE 56-2) 
 
CHAPTER VI   REHEARING AND LITIGATION (ARTICLE 57 THROUGH 
ARTICLE 63-2)  
CHAPTER VII   DEFENSIVE MARK (ARTICLE 64 THROUGH ARTICLE 68) 
 
CHAPTER VII-2  SPECIAL PROVISIONS U NDER THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE 
MADRID AGREEMENT  
    Part 1   Application for Internat ional Registration (Article 68-2 through  
Article 68-8)  
    Part 2   Special Provisions Concerning International Applications for Trademark 
Registration (Article 68-9 through Article 68-31) 
 
    Part 3   Special Provisions Concerning International Applications for Trademark 
Registration, etc. (Article 68-32 through Article 68-39)  
CHAPTER VIII   MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS (Article 68-40 through Article 77-2) 
 
CHAPTER IX   PENAL PROVISIONS (ARTICLE 78 THROUGH ARTICLE 85) 
 
SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS 
 
  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 3 
 
 
CHAPTER I  GENERAL PROVISIONS 
 
Art. 1.  Purpose 
 The purpose of this Act is, through the protection  of trademarks, to ensure the maintenance of 
business confidence of persons who use trademarks and thereby to contribute to the development of 
industry and to protect the interests of consumers.  
 
Art. 2.  Definitions, etc. 
(1) “Trademark” in this Act shall mean any character(s ), figure(s), sign(s) or th ree-dimensional shape(s), 
or any combination thereof, or any combination th ereof with colors (hereinafter referred to as a 
“mark”) which is: 
(i) used in connection with the goods of a person who produces, certifies or assigns the goods as a 
business; or 
(ii) used in connection with the services of a pe rson who provides or certifies the services as a 
business (except those provided for in the preceding item). 
(2) “Registered trademark” in this Act shall mean a trademark that has been registered as a trademark. 
(3) “Use” with respect to a mark as used in this Act shall mean any of the following acts: 
(i) to affix a mark to goods or packages of goods; 
(ii) to assign, deliver, display for the purpose of assignment or delivery, import or provide through an 
electric telecommunication line, goods or packages of goods to which a mark is affixed; 
(iii) in the course of the provision of services, to affix a mark to articles to be used by a person who 
receives the said services (including articles to be assigned or loaned, hereinafter the same); 
(iv) in the course of the provision of services, to provide the said services by using articles to which a 
mark is affixed which is to be used by a person who receives the said services; 
(v) for the purpose of providing services, to display articles to be used in providing the services 
(including articles to be used by a person who r eceives the services in the course of the provision 
of services, hereinafter the same ) to which a mark is affixed; 
(vi) in the course of the provision of services, to affi x a mark to articles relating to the provision of the 
said services belonging to a person who receives the services; 
(vii) in the course of the provision of services through an image viewer, by using an electromagnetic 
method (an electromagnetic method shall refer to any electronic, magnetic or any other method that is not recognizable by people's perception, the same in the following item), to provide the 
said services by displaying a mark on the image viewer; or 
(viii) to display or distribute advertisement materials, price lists or transaction documents relating to 
goods or services to which a mark is affixed, or to provide information on such content, to which a mark is affixed by an electromagnetic method. 
(4) To affix a mark to goods or other articles provided for in the preceding paragraph shall include to 
form in the shape of the mark goods, packages of goods, articles to be used in providing services or advertisement materials relating to goods or services. 
(5) In this Act, the scope of goods may include th ose similar services and the scope of services may 
include those similar to goods. 
 
CHAPTER II  TRADEMARK REGISTRATION AND APPLICATION FOR 
TRADEMARK REGISTRATION 
 
Art. 3.  Requirements for trademark registration 
(1) Any trademark to be used in connection with goods or services relating to the business of an applicant 
may be registered, unless the trademark: 
(i)  consists solely of a mark indicating, in a common manner, the common name of the goods or 
services; 
(ii) is customarily used in conn ection with the goods or services; 
(iii) consists solely of a mark indicating, in  a common manner, in the case of goods, the place of  
origin, place of sale, quality, raw materials, e fficacy, intended purpose, quantity, shape (including 
shape of packages), price, the method or time of pr oduction or use, or, in the case of services, the 
location of provision, quality, articles to be used  in such provision, efficacy, intended purpose, 
quantity, modes, price or method or time of provision; IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 4  
 
(iv) consists solely of a mark indicating, in a common manner, a common surname or name of a legal 
entity; 
(v) consists solely of a very simple and common mark; or 
(vi) in addition to what is listed in each of th e preceding items, a trademar k by which consumers are 
not able to recognize the goods or services as those relating to a business of a particular person. 
(2) Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, a trad emark that falls under any of Items (iii) 
through (v) of the preceding paragraph may be register ed if, as a result of the use of the trademark, 
consumers are able to recognize the goods or servi ces as those relating to a business of a particular 
person. 
 
Art. 4.  Unregistrable trademarks 
(1) Notwithstanding the preceding article, no trad emark shall be registered if the trademark: 
(i) is identical with, or similar to, the national flag, the imperial chrysanthemum crest, a decoration, a 
medal or a foreign national flag;  
(ii) is identical with, or similar to, the coats of ar ms or any other State emblems  (except national flags 
of any country of the Union to the Paris Convention, member of the World Trade Organization and Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treat y) of a country of the Union to the Paris 
Convention (refers to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of 
March 20, 1883, as revised at Brussels on Decembe r 14, 1900, at Washingt on on June 2, 1911, at 
the Hague on November 6, 1925, at London on June 2, 1934, at Lisbon on October 31, 1958 and at Stockholm on July 14, 1967, hereinafter the same), a member of the World Trade Organization or a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Tr eaty designated by the Minister of Economy, 
Trade and Industry; 
(iii) is identical with, or similar to, a mark indicating the United Nations or any other international 
organization which has been designated by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry; 
(iv) is identical with, or similar to, the emblems or titles in Article 1 of Law Concerning Restriction on 
the Use of Emblems and Titles of the Red Cross and Others (Law No.159 of 1947) or the distinctive emblem in Article 158(1) of Law Conc erning Measures to Protect Japanese Citizens 
During Armed Attacks and Others (Law No.112 of 2004);  
(v) consists of a mark identical with, or similar to , an official hallmark or sign indicating control or 
warranty by the national or local government of Japan, a country of the Union to the Paris Convention, a member of the World Trade Organi zation or a Contracting Party to the Trademark 
Law Treaty which has been designated by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, if such a trademark is used in connection with goods or serv ices identical with, or similar to, the goods or 
services in connection with which the hallmark or sign is used; 
(vi) is identical with, or similar to, a famous mark indicating the State, a local government, an agency 
thereof, a non-profit organization undertaking a business for public interest, or a non-profit 
enterprise undertaking a business for public interest; 
(vii) is likely to contravene the maintenance of public order or good morals; 
(viii) contains the portrait, name of another pers on or entity, famous pseudonym, professional name, 
pen name or famous abbreviation thereof (except those the registration of which has been approved by the person concerned); 
 (ix) is comprised of a mark identical with, or sim ilar to, a prize awarded at an exhibition held by the 
national or local government(herei nafter referred to as the "Gover nment, etc.") or by those who 
are not the Government, etc. but designated by th e Commissioner of the Patent Office, or at an 
international exhibition held in a foreign country by the Government, etc. of the foreign country or those authorized thereby (except  those used by the recipient of such a prize as part of his own 
trademark); 
(x) is well known among consumers as that indicating goods or services in connection with another 
person’s business or a trademark similar thereto, if  such a trademark is used in connection with 
such goods or services or goods or services similar thereto; 
(xi) is identical with or similar to another person’ s registered trademark which has been filed prior to 
the filing date of an application for registration of  the said trademark, if such a trademark is used 
in connection with the designated goods or designated services in connection with which the said registered trademark is registered (refers to go ods or services designated in accordance with  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 5 
 
 
Article 6(1) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(1), 
hereinafter the same) or goods or services similar thereto; 
(xii) is identical with a registered defensive mark of another person (refers to a mark registered as a 
defensive mark, hereinafter the same), if such a trademark is used in connection with designated 
goods or designated services in connection with which the defensive mark is registered; 
(xiii)  is a trademark of another person (excluding those which had not been used by the said person for 
a period of one year or longer from the date the trademark right became extinguished) the right to 
which has been extinguished for a period of shorter than one year from the date of the extinguishment of the said trademark right (or the date on which a ruling to the effect that the  trademark registration is to be revoked or a hear ing decision to the effect that the trademark 
registration is to be invalidated is rendered, hereinafter the same) or a trademark similar thereto, if such a trademark is used in connection with th e designated goods or designated services in 
connection with the trademark right of such othe r person or goods or serv ices similar thereto; 
(xiv) is identical with, or similar to, the name of a va riety registered in accordance with Article 18(1) of 
the Agricultural Seed and Seedlings Law (Law No . 83 of 1998), if such a trademark is used in 
connection with the variety or goods or services similar thereto; 
(xv) is likely to cause confusion in connection wi th the goods or services relating to a business of 
another person (except those listed in items (x) to (xiv) inclusive); 
(xvi) is likely to cause confusion as to  the quality of the goods or services;  
(xvii) is comprised of a mark indicating a place of origin of wines or spirits of Japan which has been 
designated by the Commissioner of the Patent Office, or a mark indicating a place of origin of wines or spirits of a member of the World Trad e Organization which is prohibited by the said 
member from being used on wines or spirits not originated from the region in the said member, if such a trademark is used in connection with wi nes or spirits not originated from the region in 
Japan or the said member; 
(xviii) consists solely of a three-dimensional shape of goods or their packaging which is indispensable 
for such goods or their packaging to properly function; or 
(xix) is identical with, or similar to, a trademark which is well known among consumers in Japan or 
abroad as that indicating goods or services relating to a business of another person, if such trademark is used for unfair purposes (referri ng to the purpose of gaining unfair profits, the 
purpose of causing damage to the other person, or  any other unfair purposes, hereinafter the same) 
(except those provided for in each of the preceding Items); 
(2) Where the State or a local government, an agency thereof, a non-profit organization undertaking a 
business for public interest, or a person undertaking a non-profit activity for public interest files an application for trademark registration falling under th e said sub-paragraph, Sub-paragraph (vi) of the 
preceding paragraph shall not apply. 
(3) Items (viii), (x), (xv), (xvii) and (xix) of Paragr aph (1) shall not apply to a trademark falling under any 
of the said items which does not fall under the said item at the time of filing of an application for trademark registration. 
(4)  Where a hearing decision to the effect that a regist ration of a trademark is to be revoked pursuant to  
Article 53-2 becomes final and conclusive, and the demandant of the said hearing files a trademark application for the trademark relating to the revoked registration following the said decision, or a 
trademark similar thereto, Item (xiii) of Paragraph (1) shall not apply. 
 
Art. 5.  Application for trademark registration 
(1) Any person who desires to register a trademark shall file an application with the Commissioner of the 
Patent Office accompanied by the required documents.  The request shall state: 
(i) the name and the domicile or residence of the applicant for trademark registration; (ii) the trademark for which registration is sought; and (iii) the designated goods or designated services and the class of goods or services prescribed by 
Cabinet Order as provided for in Article 6(2). 
(2) Where a person desires to register a trademark c onsisting of a three-dimensional shape (including those 
combined with character(s), figur e(s), sign(s) or color(s) or any combination thereof) (hereinafter 
referred to as a “three-dimensional trademark”), th e application shall contai n a statement indicating 
thereof. IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 6  
 
(3) Where a person desires to register a trademark consisting solely of characters designated by the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office (hereinafter referred to as "standard characters"), the application shall contain a statement indicating thereof. 
 
(4) Where a portion of the trademark for which a regist ration is sought is in the same color as that of 
the column in which a trademark for which a regist ration is sought is require d to be stated, the said 
portion of the trademark shall be deemed not to be a part of the trademark.  However, this shall not 
apply to the area specified and identified as an area to be colored in the same color as that of the 
column. 
 
Art. 5-2.   Designation of filing date, etc. 
(1) The Commissioner of th e Patent Office shall designate as th e filing date of the application for 
trademark registration the date of submission of th e request relating thereto, unless an application for 
registration of a trademark falls under any of the following items: 
(i) the statement of intent to register a trademark is unclear; 
(ii) the name of the applicant for trademark registra tion is not stated or the statement thereof is not 
sufficient to identify the applicant; 
(iii) the trademark for which a registration is sought is not stated in the application; and 
(iv) the designated goods or designated services are not stated. 
(2) Where an application for trademark registratio n falls under any of the items of the preceding 
paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall require the applicant for trademark  
registration to correct the application, designating a reasonable time limit for such purpose. 
(3) Correction of an application for trademark registration shall be made by presenting a document with 
respect to the correction (hereinafter referred to as a "Written Correction”).  
(4) Where an applicant who was required to correct  an application for trademark registration under 
Paragraph (2) corrects the said application within the designated time limit provided for in the said paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall designate the date of filing of the Written Correction as the filing date of the application for registration of the trademark. 
(5) Where an applicant who is required to correct an application for trademark registration under 
Paragraph (2) fails to correct the said application within the designated time limit as provided for in 
the said paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent Office may dismiss the said application for 
trademark registration. 
 
Art. 6.  Single trademark on each application 
(1)  An application for trademark re gistration shall be filed for each tr ademark and designate one or more 
goods or services in connection with which the trademark is to be used. 
(2)  The designation provided for in the precedin g paragraph shall be made in accordance with 
classifications of goods and services specified by Cabinet Order. 
(3) The classifications of goods and services provided for in the preceding paragraph shall not be 
perceived as prescribing the scope of  similarities of goods or services. 
 Art. 7.  Collective trademarks 
(1)  Any incorporated association established pursuant to Article 34 of the Civil Code (Law No. 89 
of 1896), any other association established pursuant to a special law including industrial business cooperative associations (except those which are not le gal entities), or a foreign legal entity equivalent 
thereto shall be entitled to obtain a collective tradem ark registration with respect to a trademark to be 
used by their members. 
(2) For the purpose of the application of Article 3(1) , in the case of the preceding paragraph, “applicant” 
in the said article shall read "applicant or its members." 
(3) Any person who desires to register a collective tr ademark pursuant to Paragrap h (1) shall, at the time 
of filing of an application for trademark regist ration pursuant to Article 5(1), provide to the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office a document certifyi ng that the applicant fo r trademark registration 
is a legal entity that fa lls under Paragraph (1). 
  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 7 
 
 
Art.7-2.  Regionally based collective trademark 
(1) Any association established by special law, incl uding an industrial business cooperative association 
(except those which are not legal entities and limited to those which are established by a special law 
prescribing that the association sh all not refuse the enrollment of any person who is eligible to 
become a member without due cause or that the a ssociation shall not impose on any of its prospective 
members any condition that is heavier than those im posed on its existing members) or a foreign legal 
entity equivalent thereto (hereinafter referred to as  “Association, etc.”) shall be entitled to obtain a 
regionally based collective trademark with respect of any of the following, provided that the trademark is used by its members a nd, as a result of the use of the sa id trademark, the said trademark 
is well known among consumers as indicating the goods or services relating to the business of the applicant or its members, notwithstanding the prov ision of Article 3 (except the case falling under 
item (i) or (ii) of Article 3(1)): 
(i) a trademark consisting solely of characters indicating, in a common manner, the name of the 
region and the common name of the goods or services relating to the business of the applicant or 
its members; 
(ii) a trademark consisting solely of characters indicating, in a common manner, the name of the 
region and the name customarily used as a name indicating the goods or services relating to the business of the applicant or its members; or 
(iii) a trademark consists solely of characters indicating, in a common manner, the name of the region 
and the common name of the goods or services relating to the business of the applicant or its members or the name customarily used as a name  indicating thereof, and characters customarily 
added in indicating, in a common manner, the pl ace of origin of the goods or the location of 
provision of the services. 
(2)  The term "name of region” as used in the precedi ng paragraph shall mean to the place of origin of the 
goods or the location of provision of services for which the trademark relating to the said application 
has been used by the applicant or its members even prior to the filing of such application, or the name or abbreviated name of the region which is considered  to have a close relationship with the said goods 
or services to the equivalent extent.  
(3) For the purpose of the application of Article 3(1) in  the case of Paragraph (1), “applicant” in the said 
paragraph shall read "applicant or its members." 
(4) Any person who desires to register a regionally based collective trademark pursuant to Paragraph (1) 
shall, at the time of filing of an application for trademark registration pursuant to Article 5(1), provide 
to the Commissioner of the Patent Office a docu ment certifying that the applicant for trademark 
registration is an Association, etc. and documents necessary to prove that the trademark for which the 
registration is sought contains the name of a region as set forth in Paragraph (2). 
 
Art. 8.  Prior application 
(1) Where two or more applications for trademark regi stration relating to identical or similar trademarks 
which are to be used in connection with identical or similar goods or services have been filed on different dates, only the applicant who filed the application for trademark registration on the earlier date shall be entitled to register the trademark in question.  
(2) Where two or more applications for trademark regi stration relating to identical or similar trademarks 
which are to be used in connection with identical or similar goods or services have been filed on the same date, only one applicant shall be entitled to register the trademark in question, to be determined by consultations between the applicants who filed such applications. 
(3) Where an application for trademark registration is abandoned, withdrawn or dismissed, or an 
examiner’s decision or a hearing decision on an application for trademark registration becomes final and conclusive, such application shall, for the purposes of the application of the preceding two 
paragraphs, be deemed never to have been filed. 
(4) In the case of Paragraph (2), the Commissioner of  the Patent Office shall require the applicants for 
trademark registration to arrange consultations be tween the applicants as set forth in the said 
paragraph and to report the result thereof, designating a reasonable time limit for such purpose.  
(5) Where no agreement is reached in the consultations  held pursuant to Paragrap h (2) or no report is 
submitted within the designated time limit set forth in the preceding paragraph, only one applicant, selected by a lottery in a fair and just manner conducted by the Commissioner of the Patent Office, shall be entitled to register  the trademark in question. IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 8  
 
 
Art. 9.  Special provisions relating  to date of filing of application 
(1) Where an application for trademark registration is filed in connection with a trademark used for goods 
or services exhibited at an exhibition held by the Government, etc., an exhibition held by those who are not the Government, etc. but are designated by the Commissioner of the Patent Office, an international exhibition held by the Government, etc. of a country of the Union to the Paris 
Convention, a member of the World Trade Organizati on or a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law 
Treaty or by those authorized thereby to hold such an exhibition in its territory, or an international exhibition held by the Government, etc. of a country which is not a country of the Union of the Paris Convention, a member of the World Trade Organization or a Contracting Party  to the Trademark 
Law Treaty or are authorized ther eby as a territory designated by the Commissioner of the Patent 
Office, by the exhibitor of such goods or services bearing the trademark within six months from the date of exhibition of such goods or services, the said application shall be deemed to have been filed at the time of exhibition of such goods or services. 
(2) Any person who desires to apply the preceding paragraph in connection with a trademark relating  to 
an application for trademark registration shall provide to the Commissioner of the Patent Office a document stating thereof at the time of filing of the application for trademark registration, and 
documents proving the fact that the trademark relating to an application for trademark registration and its designated goods or designated services fall unde r the trademark and goods or services prescribed 
in the said paragraph, within thirty days from the filing date of an application for the trademark 
registration. 
 
Art. 9-2  Priority claim gove rned by the Paris Convention 
(1) A right of priority based upon an  application for registration of a trademark filed in a country of the 
Union to the Paris Convention (limited to a tradem ark equivalent to a trademark prescribed by 
Article 2(1)(ii)) may be claimed as governed by the same rules as Article 4 of the Paris Convention in connection with a right of priority based upon an application for registration of a trademark equivalent 
to the trademark prescribed by Article 2(1)(i). 
 
Art. 9-3  
A right of priority based upon an application file d by a person stated in the left column of the 
following table in a country stated in the right colu mn of the same table may be claimed in connection 
with an application for trademark registration as governed by Article 4 of the Paris Convention. 
 
Japanese nationals or nationals of a country of the 
Union to the Paris Convention (including those who 
are deemed to be nationals of a country of the Union 
prescribed by Article 3 of the Paris Convention)  A member of the World Trade Organization or 
a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law 
Treaty 
Nationals of a member of the World Trade 
Organization (refers to nationals of a member provided for in Paragraph 3 of Article 1 of the Annex 1C to the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing 
the World Trade Organization) or nationals of a 
Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty. A country of the Union to the Paris 
Convention, a member of the World Trade Organization or a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty 
 
Art. 9-4  Amendment of designated goods, etc. or trademark for which registration is sought 
and change of gist 
Where, after the registration of establishment of  a trademark right, it is found that any amendment 
made to the designated goods or de signated services, or trademark for which registration is sought, is 
found to cause any change of the gist thereof, the ap plication for registration of the trademark shall be 
deemed to have been filed at the time of submission of the written amendment relating thereto. 
 
Art. 10.  Division of an application for trademark registration 
(1) An applicant may file one or two new applications with regard to part of an application which 
designates two or more goods or services as its designated goods or designated services, provided that  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 9 
 
 
the application for trademark registration is pending in examination, hearing examination or rehearing 
examination, or that a suit agains t a hearing decision to refuse th e application is pending in court  
(2) In the case of the preceding paragraph, the new application for trademark registration shall be deemed 
to have been filed at the time of filing of the original application.  However, this shall not apply for the purpose of Article 9(2) of this Act and Article  43(1) and 43(2) of the Patent Act (Act No.121 
of 1959) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 13(1) of this Act (including cases where it is 
applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 43-2(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 13(1) of this Act). 
(3) Where a new application for tradem ark registration is filed as prescribed in Paragraph (1), statements 
or documents provided in connection with the original application for trademark registration which 
are required to be provided in connection with the new application for trademark registration pursuant 
to Article 9(2) of this Act or Article 43( 1) and 43(2) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 13(1) of this Act (including its mutatis mutandis application pursuant to 
Article 43-2(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 13(1) of this Act) 
shall be deemed to have been provided to the Commissioner of the Patent Office at the time of filing 
of the new application for trademark registration. 
 
Art. 11.  Conversion of an application 
(1)  An applicant for trademark registration of a collective trademark may convert an application for 
trademark registration of a collective trademark in to a regular application for trademark registration 
(referring to an application for trad emark registration other than t hose of collective trademarks and 
regionally based collective trademarks, hereinaf ter the same) or an application for trademark 
registration of a regionally based collective trademarks. 
(2) An applicant for trademark regi stration may convert an application for trademark registration of a 
regionally based trademark registration into a regular application for trademark registration or an application for trademark registra tion of a collective trademark. 
(3) An applicant for trademark registration may convert a regular application for trademark registration 
into an application for trademark registration of a collective trademark or an application for trademark 
registration of a regionally based collective trademark. 
(4) The conversion of an application for trademark registration pursuant to the provisions of the 
preceding three paragraphs shall not be made after an  examiner’s decision or a hearing decision on the 
application becomes final and conclusive. 
(5) Where the conversion of an appl ication for trademark registration is made pursuant to Paragraphs (1) 
through (3), the original application for trademark registration shall be deemed to have been withdrawn. 
(6) The provisions of Articles 10(2) and 10(3) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the conversion of an  
application for trademark registration pursuant to Paragraphs (1) through (3). 
 
Art. 12.   
(1) An applicant for a defensive mark registration may convert such an application into an application for 
trademark registration. 
(2) The conversion of an application pursuant to the preceding paragraph shall not be made after an 
examiner’s decision or a hearing decision on the application for a defensive mark registration becomes final and conclusive. 
(3) The provisions of Articles 10(2), 10(3) and 11(5) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the conversion of an 
application pursuant to Paragraph (1). 
 
Art. 12-2. Publication of application 
(1) Where an application for trademark registration is  filed, the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall 
publish the application. 
(2) The application shall be published in the Tr ademark Gazette, which sha ll contain the following 
matters.  However this shall not apply to the matters listed in Items (iii) and (iv), where the Commissioner of the Patent Office finds that publishi ng the said matters in the Trademark Gazette is 
likely to contravene the maintenance of public order or good morals. 
(i) the name and the domicile or residence of the applicant for the trademark registration; (ii) the number and date of the application for trademark registration; IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 10  
 
(iii) the trademark stated in the application (in th e case of Article 5(3), the trademark represented in 
standard characters, the same shall apply in Articles 18(3)(iii) and 27(1)); 
(iv) the designated goods or designated services; and 
(v) any necessary matters in addition to what is listed. 
 
Art. 13.  Mutatis mutandis  application of the Patent Act 
(1)  The provisions of Articles 43(1) through (4),  43-2(2) and (3) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis 
mutandis to an application for trademark registration.  In this case, the term “one year and four 
months from the earliest of the following dates” in Article 43(2) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with “three months from the filing date of an application for trademark registration”; “or 
members of the World Trade Organization” in Article 43-2(2) of the said Act shall be deemed to be 
replaced with “members of the World Trade Orga nization or Contracting Parties to the Trademark 
Law Treaty”; “or nationals of members of the World Trade Organization” in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with “nationals of memb ers of the World Trade Organization or nationals of 
Contracting Parties to the Trademark Law Treaty”; and “preceding two paragraphs” in Paragraph(3) 
of the said article shall be deemed to be replaced with “preceding paragraph.” 
(2) The provisions of Articles 33 and 34(4) through 34(7) (Right to obtain a patent) of the Patent Act 
shall apply mutatis mutandis to the rights deriving from an application for trademark registration. 
 
Art. 13-2. Right to monetary cl aim, etc. prior to registration of establishment of trademark 
right 
(1) Where an applicant for trademark registration i ssues a warning after fili ng an application for 
trademark registration by presenting a document stat ing a description of the application, the applicant 
may claim against any person who uses the trademark relating to the application, for the designated 
goods or designated services in the application during the period from the warning to the registration of establishment of the trademark right, the paymen t of money in the amount equivalent to the loss 
incurred in the course of business due to such use . 
(2) The right to claim under the preceding paragraph may not be exercised prior to the registration of 
establishment of the trademark right. 
(3) The exercise of the right to claim under Paragraph (1) shall not preclude the exercise of the trademark 
right. 
(4) The right to claim under Paragraph (1) shall be deemed never to have arisen in any of the following 
cases: where an application for trademark registrati on is abandoned, withdrawn or dismissed; where 
an examiner’s decision or a hearing decision to the effect that an application for trademark registration 
is to be refused becomes final and conclusive; where a ruling to revoke a trademark under Article 43-3(2) becomes final and conclusive; and where, excluding the cases falling under the proviso to 
Article 46-2(1), a hearing decision to the effect th at a trademark registration is to be invalidated 
becomes final and conclusive. 
(5) The provisions of Articles 27 and 37 of this Ac t, Articles 104-3 through 105-2, 105-4 through 105-6 
and 106 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 39 of this Act, and 
Articles 168(3) through 168(6) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 56(1) of 
this Act and Articles 719 and 724(Tort) of the Civil Code shall apply mutatis mutandis to the exercise 
of the right to claim under Paragraph (1). In such a case where, prior to the registration of the establishment of the trademark right, the person ha ving the right to claim becomes aware of the fact 
that the trademark in connection with the application is used, and the identity of the person using the 
trademark, the term "the time when the injured party or his legal representative becomes aware of such damage, and of the person responsible therefor" in Article 724 of the said Code shall be deemed to be replaced with "the date of the registration of the establishment of the trademark right." 
 
CHAPTER III  EXAMINATION 
 
Art. 14.  Examination by examiner 
(1) The Commissioner of  the Patent Office shall direct the examination of applications for trademark 
registration by an examiner. 
  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 11 
 
 
Art. 15.  Examiner’s decision of refusal 
(1) Where an application for trademark registration falls under any of the following items, the examiner 
shall render an examiner’s decision to the e ffect that the application is to be refused: 
(i) the trademark relating to an application for trademark registration is not registerable pursuant to the 
provisions of Articles 3, 4(1), 7- 2(1), 8(2), 8(5), 51(2) (including the case of its mutatis mutandis 
application under Article 52-2(2)), 53(2) of this Act or Article 25 of the Patent Act as applied 
mutatis mutandis under 77(3) of this Act; 
(ii) the trademark relating to an application for trad emark registration is not registrable pursuant to the 
provisions of a relevant treaty; or 
(iii) the application for trademark registration does not comply with the requirements prescribed  in 
Article 6(1) or 6(2). 
 
Art. 15-2. Notification of reasons for refusal 
Where the examiner intends to render  an examiner’s decision to the eff ect that an application is to be 
refused, the examiner shall notify the applicant for trademark registration of the reasons for refusal and 
provide the applicant an opportunity to submit a written opinion, designating a reasonable time limit for such purpose. 
 
Art. 15-3.  
(1) Where a trademark relating to an app lication for trademark registration is identical with or similar to 
another person’s trademark relating to an application for trademark registration filed prior to the filing date of the said application, if the said trademark is  intended to be used for goods or services identical 
with or similar to the designated goods or designated services relating to such other person’s 
trademark, the examiner may notify the applicant for trademark registra tion of the fact that the said 
application for trademark registration will fall under Article 15(1) when the said other person's trademark is registered, and provide the applicant with an opportunity to submit a written opinion, designating an reasonable time limit for such purpose.  
(2) Where the notification set forth in the preceding para graph has already been served and the said other 
person’s trademark is registered, the examiner shall no t be required to serve the notification set forth in 
the preceding article. 
 
Art. 16.  Assessment of trademark registration 
 Where no reasons for refusal are found in connecti on with an application for trademark registration 
within the time limit prescribed by Cabinet Order, th e examiner shall render an examiner’s decision to 
the effect that the tradem ark is to be registered. 
 
Art. 16-2. Dismissal of amendment 
(1) Where an amendment made to the designated goods  or designated services, or to the trademark for 
which registration is sought as stated in the applicat ion, is considered to cause any change of the gist 
thereof, the examiner shall dismiss the amendment by the ruling. 
(2) The ruling dismissing an amendment set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be made in writing and 
state reasons therefor. 
(3) Where a ruling dismissing an amendment under Pa ragraph (1) is rendered, the examiner shall not 
render any decision on the said application for trademark registration before the expiration of a thirty-
day period from the date of service of a transcript of the ruling. 
(4) Where an applicant for trademark registration files a petition for a hearing under Article 45(1) against 
the ruling dismissing an amendment under Paragraph (1), the examiner shall suspend the examination of the application for registration of the trademark until the hearing decision becomes final and conclusive. 
 
Art. 17.  Mutatis mutandis  application of Patent Act 
(1) The provisions of Articles 47(2) (Qualification of Examiners), 48 (Exclusion of Examiners), 52 
(Formal Requirements for Examination) and 54 (Rela tionship with litigation) of the Patent Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis to the examination of applications for trademark registration.  In this case, the 
term “a hearing decision” in Article 54(1) of the Patent Law shall be deemed to be replaced with "a ruling on an opposition to registration or a hearing decision.” IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 12  
 
 
Art. 17-2. Mutatis mutandis  application of Design Act 
(1) The provision of Article 17-3 (New Application for Designs as Amended) of the Design Act (Law 
No.125 of 1959) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case where an amendment is dismissed by a ruling pursuant to Article 16-2(1) of this Act. 
(2) The provision of Article 17-4 of the Design Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case of an 
extension of the time limit under the preceding para graph or Article 17-3(1) of the Design Act as 
applied mutatis mutandis to Article 55-3(3) (including its mutatis mutandis application under Article 60-2(2)) of this Act.   
 
CHAPTER IV  TRADEMARK RIGHT 
 
Part 1  Trademark Right 
 
Art. 18.  Registration of es tablishment of trademark right 
(1) A trademark right shall arise upon registration of establishment of such right. 
(2) Where the registration fee under Article 40(1) or the registration fee due and payable within thirty 
days from the date of service of a transcript of an examiner’s decision or a hearing decision to the effect that a trademark is to be registered unde r Article 41-2(1) is paid, the establishment of the 
trademark right shall be registered. 
(3) The registration provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be published in the Trademark Gazette, 
which shall contain the following items: 
(i) the name and the domicile or residence of the trademark right holder; 
(ii) the number and date of the application for trademark registration; 
(iii) the trademark stated in the application; 
(iv) the designated goods or designated services; (v) the registration number and date of registration of establishment; and 
(vi) any other items that are considered necessary. 
(4) The Commissioner of  the Patent Office shall make applicat ion documents and their annexed articles 
available for public review at the Patent Office for two months from the date of issuance of the 
Trademark Gazette containing matters listed in ea ch item of the preceding paragraph (hereinafter 
referred to as “Gazette containing the trademark” ) pursuant to the provisions of the preceding 
paragraph. However, this shall not apply to documents or articles that are likely to damage the 
reputation or disturb the peaceful ex istence of an individual or to contravene the maintenance of 
public order or good morals, and the Commissioner of the Patent Office finds necessary to be kept confidential.  
(5) Where the Commissioner of the Patent Office intends to make available for public inspection 
documents or articles which are likely to damage the reputation or distur b the peaceful life of an 
individual and are other than those the Commissioner of the Patent Office finds necessary to be kept confidential under the proviso set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Commissioner shall notify the 
person who provided the documents or the ar ticles thereof and the reasons therefor. 
 
Art.19.  Duration 
(1) The duration of a trademark right shall expire after ten years from the date of registration of 
establishment of such right. 
(2) The duration of a trademark right may be renewe d by the trademark right holder by filing an 
application for renewal of registration. 
(3) Where the renewal of the duratio n of the trademark right is registered, the duration shall have been 
renewed at the time of expiration of the duration. 
 
Art. 20.  Application for regi stration of renewal of term 
(1) A person who intends to file a request for registration of renewal of the duration of a trademark right 
shall submit to the Commissioner of the Patent Office an application stating the following:  
(i) the name and the domicile or residence of the applicant for renewal; 
(ii) the registration number of the trademark registration; and  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 13 
 
 
(iii) In addition to what is listed in the preceding two items, the matters specified by a relevant 
Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.  
(2) An application for registration of renewal shall be filed during the period from six months prior to the 
expiration of the duration of a trademark right to the date of expiration thereof. 
(3) Where the trademark right holder is unable to file an application for registration of renewal within the 
time limit prescribed in the preceding paragraph, th e trademark right holder may file said application 
within six months after the expiration of the said time limit. 
(4) Where the trademark right holder fails to file an application for registration of renewal within the time 
limit for such request pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the trademark right shall 
be deemed to have been extinguished retroactivel y from the time of the expiration of its duration. 
 
Art.21.  Restoration of trademark right 
(1) Where the original trademark ri ght holder of a trademark right which is deemed to have been 
extinguished pursuant to Article 20(4) is unable to file an application for registration of renewal 
within the time limit for such application pursuant to Article 20(3) due to reasons beyond the control 
of said trademark right holder, the trademark right holder may file said application within fourteen days (two months for residents abroad) from the date when the reason ceased to exist but not later than six months following the expiration of the said time limit. 
 (2) Where an application for registration of renewa l is filed under the precedin g paragraph, the duration 
shall be deemed to have been renewed retroactively at the time of expiration of the duration. 
 
Art.22.  Limitations of effects of restored trademark right 
 The effects of a trademark right restored pursuant to Article 21(2) shall not extend to the following 
acts committed after the expiration of the time limit for the filing of the application for registration of 
renewal prescribed in Article 20(3) and before the registration of renewal of the duration of the trademark right by the application under Article 21(1):  
(i) the use of the registered tradem ark in connection with the designat ed goods or designated services; 
and 
(ii) the acts provided for in each item of Article37. 
 
Art.23.  Registration of renewal of duration 
(1) Where the registration fee under Article 40(2) or the registration fee due and payable at the time of 
filing of the application for registration of renewal pursuant to Article 41-2(2) is paid, the renewal of 
the duration of the trademark right shall be registered. 
(2) Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, where an application for registration of renewal is filed 
under Article 20(3) or 21(1), the renewal of the durat ion of the trademark right shall be registered at 
the time of payment of the registration fee under Article 40(2) and the registration surcharge under 
Article 43(1), or the registration fee due and payable at the time of filing of application for registration of renewal under Article 41-2(2) and the registration surcharge under Article 43(2). 
(3) Upon registration as set forth under the preceding two paragraphs, the following items shall be 
published in the Trademark Gazette: 
(i) the name and the domicile or residence of the trademark right holder; (ii) the registration number and the date of registration of renewal; and 
(iii) any other items that are considered necessary. 
 
Art.24.  Division of trademark right 
(1) Where there are two or more designated goods or  designated services for which a trademark right 
shall apply, the trademark right may be divided for each designated good or designated service. 
(2) Where a petition for a hearing is filed under Artic le 46(2), the division provided for in the preceding 
paragraph may be made even after the extinguishment of the trademark right, provided that a hearing, 
re-hearing or court proceedings in connection with the case is pending. 
 
Art. 24-2. Transfer of trademark right (1) Where a trademark right designates two or more  goods or services, the trademark right may be 
divided into each designated good or service in transferring such right. IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 14  
 
(2) A trademark right in connection with an applic ation for trademark regist ration which falls under 
Article 4(2) filed by the State, a local government , an agency thereof, or a non-profit organization 
undertaking a business for public interest shall not be assigned. 
(3) A trademark right in connection with an appli cation for trademark registration that falls under 
Article 4(2) filed by a non-profit enterprise undertaking a business for public interest, may not be transferred unless the business is transferred together with such right.  
(4) A trademark right in connection with a regionally based collective trademark may not be assigned. 
 
Art. 24-3. Transfer of collective trademark right 
(1) Upon transferring, the trademark right to a co llective trademark shall be  deemed to have been 
converted to a regular trademark right, except in the case as provided in the following paragraph. 
 (2) Where the right holder of a coll ective trademark intends to transfer  the collective trademark right, the 
said right holder shall file a request for registration of transfer accompanied by a document stating 
thereof, and the documents provided for in Article 7(3), with the Commissioner of the Patent Office. 
 
Art. 24-4. Request for indication  to prevent confusion arising fr om transfer of trademark right  
 Where, as a result of transfer of a trademark right, the trademar k right to a similar registered 
trademark to be used in connection with identical goods  or services, or the tradem ark right to an identical 
or similar registered trademark to be used in connection with similar goods or services becomes owned by 
a different trademark right holder, if the use of one of  such registered trademarks for its designated goods 
or designated services by its trademark right holder, the exclusive licensee or the  non-exclusive licensee is 
likely to damage business interests (limited to those relating to the designated goods or designated services 
using the said other registered trademark) of the othe r trademark right holder or  of the exclusive licensee 
the other trademark right holder or  the exclusive licensee may request the trademark right holder, the 
exclusive licensee or the non-exclus ive licensee to affix an indication that may sufficiently prevent any 
confusion between the goods or services relating to the business of the other party and those of its own. 
 
Art. 25.  Effects of trademark right 
 The trademark right holder shall have an excl usive right to use the registered trademark in 
connection with the designated goods or designated services. Notwithstanding the foregoing, where an exclusive license to use the trademark is established in connection with the trademark right, this provision 
shall not apply to the extent that the exclusive lic ensee has an exclusive right to use the registered 
trademark.  
Art. 26.  Limits of effects of trademark right 
(1) A trademark right shall have no effect on any of the following trademarks (including those which 
constitute part of other trademarks): (i) a trademark indicating, in a common manner, on e’s own portrait, name, famous pseudonym, 
professional name, pen name or famous abbreviation thereof; 
(ii) a trademark indicating, in a common manner, th e common name, place of origin, place of sale, 
quality, raw materials, efficacy, intended purpose, quantity, shape (including shape of packages, 
the same shall apply in the following paragraph), price, the method or time of production or use 
of the designated goods or goods similar thereto, or the common name, location of provision, 
quality, articles to be used in such provision, efficacy, intended purpose,  quantity, modes, price 
or method or time of provision of the services similar to the designated goods; 
(iii) a trademark indicating, in a common manner, the common name, location of provision, quality, 
articles to be used in such provision, efficacy, in tended purpose, quantity, modes, price or 
method or time of provision of the designated serv ices or services similar thereto, or the common 
name, place of origin, place of sale, quality, raw materials, efficacy, in tended purpose, quantity, 
shape, price, the method or time of production or use of goods similar to the designated services; 
(iv) a trademark customarily used for the designated  goods or designated services or goods or 
services similar thereto; or 
(v) a trademark consists solely of a three-dimensi onal shape of goods or their packaging which is 
indispensable for such goods or their packaging to properly function. 
  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 15 
 
 
(2) Sub-paragraph (i) of the preceding paragraph sh all not apply where, after the registration of 
establishment of the trademark right, one’s own por trait, name, famous pseudonym, professional name, 
pen name or famous abbreviation thereof is used for the purpose of unfair competition. 
 
Art. 27.  Scope of registered trademark, etc. 
(1) The scope of a registered trademark shall be determined based on the trademark stated in the 
application. 
(2) The scope of the designated goods or designated services shall be determined based on the statement 
in the application. 
 
Art. 28.  
(1) A request for an ad visory opinion on the effects of a trademark right may be filed to the Patent Office. 
(2) Upon receipt of the request provided for in the preceding paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent 
Office shall designate three judicial examiners a nd cause them to make an advisory opinion. 
(3) Articles 71(3) and 71(4) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis  to the advisory opinion 
provided for in Paragraph (1). 
 Art. 28-2 .  
(1) Where the Commissioner of the Patent Office is commissioned by a court to provide an expert 
opinion on the effects of a trademark right, the Co mmissioner shall designate three judicial examiners 
and cause them to provide such expert opinion. 
(2) Articles 71bis(2) [71-2(2)]of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis  to the commissioned 
provision of the expert opinion provided for in Paragraph (1). 
 Art. 29.  Relationship with anot her person’s patent right, etc. 
 Where the use of a registered trademark in a particular manner in connection with its designated 
goods or designated services conflicts with another person’s right to a patent, utility model or design 
for which an application has been filed prior to the filing date of an application of the said registered 
trademark or upon another person’s copyright aris ing prior to the filing date of the same, the 
trademark right holder, the exclusive licensee or n on-exclusive licensee shall not use the registered 
trademark in the same manner on the conflicting part of the designated goods or designated services.
  
 
Art. 30.  Exclusive license 
(1) The trademark right holder may establish an exclus ive license to the trademark to which he holds the 
right. However, this provision shall not apply to th e trademark right of an application for trademark 
registration under Article 4(2) or a regionally based collective trademark. 
(2) The exclusive licensee shall have the exclusive right to use a registered trad emark in connection with 
the designated goods or designated services to the extent prescribed by the agreement under which such right is granted. 
(3) The exclusive license may be transferred only wher e the consent of the trademark right holder is 
obtained and where the transfer falls under general succession including inheritance. 
(4) Articles 77(4) and 77(5) (establishment of pledge, etc.), 97(2) (abandonment), and 98(1)(ii) and 98(2) 
(effects of registration) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to an exclusive license. 
 
Art. 31.  Non-exclusive license 
(1) The trademark right holder may grant to another pe rson the non-exclusive license to the trademark to 
which he holds the right. However, this provision shall not apply to the trademark right of an application for trademark registration under Article 4(2). 
(2) The non-exclusive licensee shall have the right to  use the registered trademark for the designated 
goods or designated services to the extent prescribed by the agreement under which such right is 
granted. 
(3) A non-exclusive license may be transferred only wh ere the consent of the trademark right holder (the 
trademark right holder or the exclusive licensee in  the case of a non-exclusive license granted in 
connection with an exclusive license) is obtained an d where the transfer falls  under general succession 
including inheritance. IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 16  
 
(4) Articles 73(1) (joint ownership), 94(2) (establishment of pledge), 97(3) (abandonment), and 99(1) 
and 99(3) (effects of registration) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a non-exclusive 
license. 
 
Art. 31-2.  Right of members of corporation or association  
(1) Members of a legal entity under Article 7(1) holding a trademar k right to a collective trademark 
(hereinafter referred to as “collective members”) or members of an association, etc. holding a 
trademark right to a regionally based collective trademark (hereinafter referred to as “regional 
collective members”) shall have the right to use a registered collective tradem ark or regionally based 
collective trademark for the designated goods or desi gnated services as prescribed by the said legal 
entity or association, etc., except in the case and only to the extent that an exclusive license to use the 
registered trademark (limited to the trademark right  relating to a collective trademark) has been 
established. 
(2) The right provided for in the principal senten ce of the preceding paragr aph is not transferable. 
(3) For the purpose of Articles 24quater[24-4], 29, 50, 52bis[52-2], 53 and 73, collective members or 
regional collective members shall be deemed to be non-exclusive licensees. 
(4) For the purpose of application of Article 33(1)(iii) in relation to registered trademarks in  connection 
with collective trademarks and regionally based co llective trademarks , “or the non-exclusive licensee 
having effects provided for in Article 99(1) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under 
Article 31(4) of this Act in relation to the trademar k right or the exclusive license” in the said article 
shall read, “the non-exclusive lice nsee use having effects provided for in Article 99(1) of the Patent 
Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 31(4) of this Act in relation to the trademark right or 
the exclusive license, or collectiv e members or regional collective members holding the right to use 
the said trademark.” 
 
Art. 32.   Right to use trademark arising from prior use 
(1) Where a trademark application is filed by a person , and a trademark identical with or similar to the 
trademark for which the application for registration is filed has been used in Japan from the time prior 
to the filing of such other person's application for the said trademark registration, without any intention to be engaged in unfair competition, in connection with the designated goods or designated services of the trademark for which the application is filed, or in connection with goods or services 
similar thereto, and as a result, at the time of filin g of the application for trademark registration (at the 
time of filing of the original application for trademark registration or the submission of a written 
amendment, if the application for trademark registration is deemed to have been filed at the time of submission of a written amendment under Article 9quater[9-4] of this Act or Article 17ter(1) of the Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article  17bis(1)[17-2(1)] or 55bi s(3)[55-2(3)] of this 
Act (including its mutatis  mutandis application under Article 60 bis(2)[60-2(2)]), such trademark has 
become well known among consumers as that indicating goods or services relating to the business of the person, the person shall have the right to use the trademark in connection with such goods or services as far as the said person continuously uses  the trademark for the goods or services. The same 
shall apply to those by whom such business is succeeded. 
(2) The trademark right holder or the exclusive licensee may request the person who has the right to use 
the trademark in accordance with the preceding paragraph to affix an indication that may sufficiently 
prevent any confusion between the goods or services relating to the business of the said person and 
those of its own. 
 
Art. 32-2.    
(1) Where a regionally based collective trademark application for registration is filed by a person, any 
person who has been using in Japan a trademark identical with, or similar to such other person’s 
application for registration, prior to the filing of the said regionally based collective trademark, in 
connection with the designated goods or designated services for which the application for trademark registration is filed, or in connection with goods or services similar thereto, without any intention to be engaged in unfair competition, shall have the ri ght to use the trademark in connection with such 
goods or services as far as the said person contin uously uses the trademark in connection with such 
goods or services. The same shall apply to those by whom such bu siness is succeeded.  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 17 
 
 
(2) The trademark right holder may request the person who has the right to use the trademark in 
accordance with the preceding paragraph to display an indication that may sufficiently prevent any 
confusion between the goods or services relating to the business of the said person and those of its 
own or its members. 
 
Art. 33.  Right to use trademark arising from  use prior to registration of request for 
invalidation hearing 
(1) Where, prior to the registratio n of a request for a hearing provided for in Article 46(1), a person 
falling under any of the following sub-paragraphs has been using in Japan a re gistered trademark or a 
trademark similar thereto in connection with the desi gnated goods or designated services or goods or 
services similar thereto without the knowledge that the said trademark registration falls under one of 
the paragraphs of the said article, and the said  trademark is well known among consumers as that 
indicating goods or services relating to its business, the person shall have the right to use the trademark in connection with such goods or services as far as the said person continuously uses the 
trademark for such goods or services.  The same shall apply to those by whom such business is 
succeeded. 
(i) the original trademark right holder, where one of two or more trademark registrations for 
identical or similar trademarks to be used in connection with identical or similar designated goods or designated services has been invalidated; 
(ii) the original trademark right holde r, where the trademark registrati on has been invalidated and a 
trademark identical with or similar to such tradem ark to be used in connection with identical or 
similar designated goods or designated services is registered for the person who is entitled to such a trademark; 
(iii) in the case of the preceding two sub-paragraphs, a person who, at the time of registration of the 
request for a hearing under Article 46(1), holds the exclusive license of the trademark right of the 
trademark registration which has been invalidated or a person who holds the non-exclusive license which is effective regarding th e trademark right or the exclusive license under 
Article 99(1) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 31(4) of this Act. 
(2) The said trademark right holder or the said holder of the exclusive license shall be entitled to receive 
reasonable compensation from the person who ho lds the right to use the trademark under the 
preceding paragraph. 
(3) Article 32(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to Paragraph (1). 
 Art. 33-2.  Right to use trademark after expi ration of duration of patent right, etc. 
(1) Where a patent right of an application that has been  filed prior to or on the same date as the filing date 
of an application for trademark registration conflict s with the trademark right of the application for 
trademark registration, upon expiration of the duration of the said patent right, the original patent right 
holder shall have the right to use the registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto in connection with the designated goods or designated services specified in the application, or goods or services similar thereto, within the limits of the original pa tent right, provided that such trademark is not used 
for the purpose of unfair competition. 
(2) Article 32(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis  to the preceding paragraph. 
(3) The preceding two paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis,  where a utility model or design right of an 
application that has been filed prior to or on the same date as the filing date of an application for 
trademark registration conflicts with the trademark right of the application for trademark registration, 
upon expiration of the duration of such utility model right or design right. 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 18  
 
Art. 33-3.    
(1) Where a patent right of an application that has been  filed prior to or on the same date as the filing date 
of an application for trademark registration conflict s with the trademark right of the application for 
trademark registration, upon expiration of the duration of the said patent right, the person who, at the time of expiration of the duration of the patent right, holds the exclusive license to the patent right, or a non-exclusive license which is effective on the patent right or on the exclusive license under 
Article 99(1) of the Patent Act, shall have the ri ght to use the registered trademark or a trademark 
similar thereto, within the limits of the original patent right, in connection with the designated goods or designated services specified in the applicati on for trademark registration, or goods or services 
similar thereto, provided that such trademark is not used for the purpose of unfair competition. 
(2) Articles 32(2) and 33(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis  to the preceding paragraph. 
(3) The preceding two paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis,  where a utility model or a design right of 
an application which has been filed prior to or on the same date as the filing date of an application for trademark registration conflicts with the trademark right of the application for trademark registration, 
upon expiration of the duration of such utility model right or design right. 
 
Art. 34.   Pledges 
(1) Where a pledge is established on a trademark ri ght, exclusive license or non-exclusive license, unless 
otherwise provided for by contr act, the pledgee may not use the re gistered trademark in connection 
with the designated goods or designated services. 
(2) Article 96 (subrogation) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to pledges on a trademark 
right, exclusive license or non-exclusive license. 
(3) Articles 98(1)(iii) and 98(2) (effects of registration) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to 
pledges on a trademark right or exclusive license. 
(4) Article 99(3) (effects of registration) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to pledges on a 
non-exclusive license. 
 
Art. 35.   Mutatis mutandis  application of Patent Act 
 Article 73 (joint ownership), 76 (extinguishment of patent right in absence of heir), 97(1) 
(abandonment), and 98(1)(i) and 98(2) (effects of registration) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis 
mutandis  to trademark rights. In such a case, “transfer (excluding those by general succession 
including inheritance)” in Article 98(1)(i) of the Patent Act shall read “division and transfer 
(excluding those by general succession including inheritance).” 
 
Part 2  Infringement of Rights 
 
Art. 36.   Right to demand injunction 
(1) The trademark right holder or the exclusive licensee may demand a person who is infringing or is 
likely to infringe the trademark right or the exclusiv e license to stop or prevent such infringement. 
(2) In making such a demand under the preceding paragraph, the trademark right holder or the exclusive 
licensee may demand the person to take measures necessary for the prevention of such infringement, 
including the destruction of articles which constitute the act of infringement and the removal of equipment used for or contributing to the act of infringement. 
 
Art. 37.  Acts deemed to  constitute infringement 
(1) Any of the following acts shall be deemed to constitute infringement of a trademark right or an 
exclusive license: 
(i) the use of a trademark similar to the registered trademark in connection with its designated goods 
or designated services, or the use of the regist ered trademark or a trad emark similar thereto in 
connection with goods or services similar to its designated goods or designated services; 
(ii) the possession, for the purpose of assignment or delivery, of the designated goods, or goods 
similar to the designated goods, or designated services, affixed with the registered trademark or a trademark similar thereto on the goods or their packaging;  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 19 
 
 
(iii) the possession or importation of products affi xed with the registered trademark or a trademark 
similar thereto, which are to be used by persons  receiving services, where such products are for 
the purpose of the provision of the designated services or services similar to the designated 
services or the designated goods through use of the said products; 
(iv) the assignment, delivery, or the possession for the purpose of assignment or delivery or 
importation of products affixed with the registered  trademark or a trademark similar thereto, to be 
used by a person receiving services for the pur pose of causing the provision of the designated 
services or services similar to the designated services or the designated goods by using the said products; 
(v) the possession of products indicating the register ed trademark or a trademark similar thereto, for 
the purpose of using the registered trademark or a trademark similar theret o in connection with the 
designated goods or designated services or goods or services similar thereto;  
(vi) the assignment, delivery, or possession for th e purpose of assignment or  delivery, of products 
indicating the registered trademark or a trademar k similar thereto, for the purpose of causing the 
registered trademark or a trademark similar theret o to be used in connection with the designated 
goods or designated services, or goods or services similar thereto; 
(vii) the manufacture or importation of products indicating the regi stered trademark or a trademark 
similar thereto, for the purpose of using or causi ng to be used the registered trademark or a 
trademark similar thereto in connection with the de signated goods or designated services or goods 
or services similar thereto; and 
(viii) the manufacture, assignment, delivery or impor tation, as a business, of products to be used 
exclusively for the manufacturing of products indi cating the registered tr ademark or a trademark 
similar thereto. 
 
Art. 38.   Presumption of amount of damage, etc. 
(1) Where a trademark right holder or the exclusive licensee claims ag ainst an infringer compensation for 
damage sustained as a result of the intentional or negligent infringement of the trademark right or the 
exclusive license, and the act of infringement consis ts of the assignment of goods, the amount of 
damage sustained by the trademark right holder or the exclusive licencee may be presumed to be the 
amount of profit per unit of goods which would have been sold by the trademark right holder or the 
exclusive licencee if there had been no such act of  infringement, multiplied by  the quantity of goods 
assigned by the infringer (hereinafter referred to  as the “Assigned Quantity”), the maximum of which 
shall be the amount attainable by the trademark right holder or the exclusive licencee in light of the 
capability of the trademark right holder or the excl usive licencee to use such goods.  Notwithstanding 
the foregoing, if any circumstances exist under which the trademark right holder or the exclusive licencee would have been unable to sell the assigned quantity in whole or in part, the amount 
calculated as the number of goods not able to be sold due to such circumstances shall be deducted. 
(2) Where the trademark right holder or the exclusiv e licensee claims against an infringer compensation 
for damage sustained as a result of the intentional or negligent infringement of the trademark right or the exclusive license,and the infringer earned profits from the act of infringement, the amount of 
profits earned by the infringer shall be presumed  to be the amount of damage sustained by the 
trademark right holder or  the exclusive licensee. 
(3) The trademark right holder or the exclusive licens ee may claim against an infringer compensation for 
damage sustained as a result of the intentional or negligent infringement of the trademark right or the 
exclusive license, by regarding the amount the tradem ark right holder or the exclusive licensee would 
have been entitled to receive for the use of th e registered trademark as the amount of damage 
sustained. 
(4) The preceding paragraphs shall not prevent any relevant party from claiming compensation for 
damage in an amount exceeding the amount provided for therein.  In such case, where the infringer 
committed the infringement of the trademark right or the exclusive licence without intent or gross 
negligence, the court may take these circumstances into consideration in determining the amount of 
damages to be awarded. 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 20  
 
Art. 39.   Mutatis mutandis  application of Patent Act 
 Article 103 (Presumption of negligence), 104bis[104-2] through 105sexies[105-6] (Obligation to 
clarify acts in concrete manner; Restriction on exercise of rights of patentee, etc.; Production of 
documents, etc.; Expert opinion for calculation of damages; Determination of reasonable damages; Order to keep confidentiality; Revocation of confid entiality order; Notification of petition requesting 
inspection of trial record, etc.) a nd 106 (Measures to restore credibility) of the Patent Act shall apply 
mutatis mutandis  to the infringement of a trademark right and exclusive license. 
 
Part 3  Registration Fees 
 
Art. 40.   Registration fees 
(1) A person obtaining the registration establishing a trademark right shall pay as a registration fee for 
each trademark registration the amount of 66,000 yen multiplied by the number of classes (refers to classes of the classification of goods and services specified by Cabinet Order provided for in 
Article 6(2), to which the designated goods or desi gnated services belong, hereinafter the same).  
(2) A person filing a request for the registration of renewal of the duration of a trademark right shall pay 
as a registration fee for each trademark registration the amount of 151,000 yen multiplied by the number of classes. 
(3) The preceding two provisions shall not apply to trademark rights belonging to the State. 
(4) Where a trademark right is jointly owned by the State and a person or persons other than the State, 
and the portion of their respective shares of said trademark right has been agreed, notwithstanding Paragraphs 1 and 2, a registration fee provided for the said paragraphs shall be the amount of registration fee provided for in the said paragraphs multiplied by the total ratio of the share of each 
person other than the State, which shall be paid by the person or persons other than the State. 
(5) Any fractional figures of the registration fee calcu lated in accordance with  the preceding paragraph 
smaller than 10 yen, if any, shall be discarded. 
(6) The registration fee provided for in Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be paid by patent revenue stamps as 
provided by ordinance of the Ministry of Ec onomy, Trade and Industry. Notwithstanding the 
foregoing, the payment may be made in cash, if permitted under the relevant ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. 
 
Art. 41.  Time limit for payment of registration fee  
(1) The registration fee under Article  40(1) shall be paid within 30 days from the service of a certified 
copy of an examiner’s decision or a hearing decision to the effect that a trademark is to be registered. 
(2) Upon the request of a person required to pay the registration fee, the Commissioner of the Patent 
Office may extend the period of time provided for in the preceding paragraph by a maximum 
of 30 days. 
(3) The registration fee under Article 40(2) shall be paid at the time of filing of a request for renewal of 
registration. 
 
Art. 41-2. Payment of registration fee by installments  
(1) Notwithstanding Article 40(1), a person obtaining a registration establishing a trademark right may 
pay the prescribed registration fee by installments. In such a case, 44,000 yen multiplied by the number of classes shall be paid for each trademark registration within 30 days from the service of a 
certified copy of an examine r’s decision or a hearing decision to the effect that a trademark is to be 
registered, and 44,000 yen multiplied by the number  of classes shall be paid for each trademark 
registration no later than five years prior to the expiration of the duration of the trademark right. 
(2) Notwithstanding Article 40(2), a person filing a request for the registration of renewal of the duration 
of a trademark right may pay the prescribed registrati on fee by installments. In such a case, the said 
applicant shall pay 101,000 yen multiplied by the number of classes per case at the time of filing of 
the request for the registration of renewal, and an additional 101,000 yen multiplied by the number of classes per case no later than five years prior to the expiration of the duration of the trademark right. 
(3) Where the trademark right holder is unable to pa y the prescribed registration fee no later than five 
years prior to the expiration of th e duration of the trademark right in accordance with Paragraph (1) of 
the preceding paragraph, the trademark right hold er may make a delayed payment for such a fee 
within six months after the lapse of such time limit.  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 21 
 
 
(4) Where the trademark right holder fails to pay the prescribed registration fee due and payable no later 
than five years prior to the expiration of th e duration of the trademark in accordance with 
Paragraph (1) or (2) and the surcha rge for late registration provided for in Article 43(3) within the 
time limit permitted to make a delayed payment for the registration fee in accordance with the preceding paragraph, the trademark right is deemed to have been extinguished retroactively as of the last day five years prior to the expiration of the duration. 
(5)  Articles 40(3) thro ugh 40(5) shall apply mutatis mutandis  to Paragraphs (1) and (2). 
(6) Article 41(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis  to the payment of the prescribed registration fee due and 
payable within 30 days from the service of a certifie d copy of an examiner’s decision or a hearing 
decision to the effect that a trademark is  to be registered under Paragraph (1). 
 Art. 41-3. Payment of registra tion fee by interested person  
(1) Any interested person may make payment of the registration fee (excluding the registration fee due 
and payable at the time of filing of a request for renewal of registration) even against the intention of 
the person by whom the said fee is to be paid. 
(2) An interested person who makes payment of the registration fee in accordance with the preceding 
paragraph may demand payment to reimburse the cost thereof from the person by whom the said fee was to have been paid, to the extent that the said person receives actual benefits therefrom. 
 
Art. 42.  Refund of registration fee already paid 
(1)  Only the following registration fees are refundable upon request by a payee: 
(i) a registration f ee paid in excess, or in error; or  
(ii) a registration fee due and payable no later than five years prior to the expiration of the duration of 
the trademark right under Article 41 bis(1)[41-2(1)] or 41 bis(2)[41-2(2)] (limited to the case where a 
revocation decision under Article 43 ter(2)[43-3(2)] or a hearing deci sion to the effect that a 
trademark registration is to be invalidated becomes final and conclusive no later than five years prior to the expiration of the duration of the trademark right). 
(2) No refund of any registration fee under the preceding paragraph may be requested after the lapse of 
one year from the day on which the registration fee is pa id in the case of registra tion fees provided for 
in Sub-paragraph (i) of the preceding paragraph and six months from the day on which a revocation decision under Article 43 ter(2)[43-3(2)] or hearing decision becomes final and conclusive in the case 
of registration fees provided for in Sub-pa ragraph (ii) of the preceding paragraph. 
 Art. 43.  Registration surcharge 
(1) A person filing a request for rene wal of registration under Article 20(3) or 21(1) shall pay, in addition 
to the registration fee due and payable under Article 40(2), a surcharge in an amount equivalent to the 
registration fee. 
(2) Where Article 41 bis(2)[41-2(2)] is applicable, a person filing a request under the preceding paragraph 
shall pay, in addition to the registration fee due and payable at the time of filing of the request for 
registration of renewal under Article 41-2(2), a surcharge in an amount equivalent to the registration 
fee. 
(3) Where Article 41 bis(3)[41-2(3)] is applicable, th e trademark right holder shall pay, in addition to the 
registration fee due and payable no later than five years prior to the expiration of the duration of the trademark right under Article 41 bis(1) or (2) [41-2(1) or (2)], a surcharge in an amount equivalent to 
the registration fee. 
(4) The surcharges under the preceding three paragraphs shall be paid by patent revenue stamps as 
provided by ordinance of the Ministry of Ec onomy, Trade and Industry. Notwithstanding the 
foregoing, the payment may be made in cash, if permitted by ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 22  
 
CHAPTER 4-2  OPPOSITION TO REGISTRATION 
 
Art. 43-2. Opposition to registration 
 Any person may file with the Commissioner of the Patent Office an opposition to a registration within 
two months from the date of publication of the Gazette containing the trademark, on the grounds that the trademark registration falls under any of the fo llowing sub-paragraphs. In such case, an opposition 
to a registration may be filed for each designated good or designated service if the relevant trademark 
has been registered in connection with two or more designated goods or designated services:  
(i) where the trademark registration has been made in  violation of Article 3, 4(1), 7-2(1), 8(1), 8(2), 
8(5), 51(2) (including its mutatis mutandis application under Article 52-2(2)), 53(2) of this Act or 
Article 25 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis  under Article 77(3) of this Act; and 
(ii) where the trademark regist ration has been made in violation of any relevant treaty. 
 
Art. 43-3. Decision  
(1) A hearing examination and decision on an opposition to a registration shall be conducted by a judicial 
panel consisting of three or five judicial examiners. 
(2) Where the judicial examiners find the trademark registration relating to an opposition to registration 
falls under any of the sub-paragraphs  of Art. 43-2, the judicial examiners shall render a decision to the 
effect that the trademark registration is to be revoked (hereinafter refe rred to as a “revocation 
decision”). 
(3) Where the revocation decision becomes final and conclusive, the relevant trademark right shall be 
deemed never to have existed. 
(4) Where the judicial examiners find the trademark registration relating to an opposition to registration 
does not fall under any of the sub-paragraphs of Art. 43-2, the judicial examiners shall render a 
decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be maintained. 
(5) The decision under the preceding paragraph shall not be  subject to appeal.  
Art. 43-4. Formal requirements for filing an opposition, etc.  
(1) A person who opposes the registration of a trademark shall present to the Commissioner of the Patent 
Office a written opposition stating the following matters: 
(i) the name and the domicile or residence of the opponent to the registration and a representative(s) 
thereof; 
(ii) the indication of the trademark registration relating to the opposition to registration; and 
(iii) the grounds of the opposition to registration and the indication of supporting evidence. 
(2) An amendment of the written opposition to regist ration presented under the preceding paragraph shall 
not change the gist thereof. Notwithstanding, this provision shall not apply to any amendment with 
respect to the items provided for in Sub-paragraph (iii ) of the preceding paragraph, provided that such 
amendment is made no later than thirty days from the lapse of the term provided for in Article 43-2. 
(3) The Commissioner of the Patent Office may, upon request or ex officio, extend the period provided 
for in the preceding paragraph for a person in a remo te area or an area with transportation difficulty. 
(4) The presiding judicial examiner shall transmit a co py of the written opposition to the trademark right 
holder. 
(5) Article 46(3) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case where an opposition to registration is filed.  
Art.43-5 .  Designation of judicial examiners, etc.  
Articles 136(2) and 137 to 144 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 56(1) of this 
Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the judicial panel under Article 43 ter(1)[43-3(1)] and the judicial 
examiners constituting thereof.  
Art.43-5-2  Hearing Clerk  
(1) The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall design ate a hearing clerk for each case of opposition to 
registration. 
(2) Articles 144-2(3) to 144-2(5) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 56(1) of this 
Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the hearing clerk provided for in the preceding paragraph. 
  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 23 
 
 
Art.43-6 . Hearing examination procedure, etc.  
(1) The hearing examination of the opposition to registration shall be conducted by documentary 
examination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, where a petition is filed by the trademark right holder, 
the opponent, an intervenor or ex officio, the presiding judicial examiner may decide to conduct the hearing proceedings by oral examination. 
(2) Articles 145(3) to 145(5), 146 and 147 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under 
Article 56(1) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a hearing by oral examination provided for in 
the proviso to the preceding paragraph. 
(3) Where any ground for suspension or termination of  procedures is applicable to one of the joint 
trademark right holders for a hearing examination and decision on an opposition to a registration, the 
said suspension or termination shall have eff ect on all such joint tr ademark right holders. 
 
Art. 43-7. Intervention  
(1) In a hearing examination to render a decision on an opposition to registration, any person who has 
a right relating to the trademark right or any other person who has an interest in the trademark right may 
intervene in the hearing examination in order to assist the trademark right holder until the decision on the opposition to registration is rendered. (2) Articles 148(4), 148(5) and 149 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 56(1) 
of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the intervenor provided for in the preceding paragraph. 
 Art. 43-8 Examination and preservation of evidence  
Article 150 and 151 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 56(1) of this Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis to the examination and preservation of ev idence in the hearing examination of 
the opposition to registration. 
 
Art. 43-9. Ex officio hearing examination  
(1) In a hearing examination of an opposition to registration, any grounds not pleaded by the 
trademark right holder, th e opponent or the intervenor may be examined. 
(2) In a hearing examination of an opposition to registration, no examination shall be conducted on any 
designated goods or designated services for which the opposition to registration is not raised. 
 
Art. 43-10. Joint or separa te conduct of oppositions 
(1) Where two or more oppositions to registration are f iled in relation to the same trademark right, unless 
special circumstances exist, the hearing exam inations thereof shall be conducted jointly. 
(2) A hearing examination conducted jointly in acc ordance with the preceding paragraph may later be 
divided. 
 Art. 43-11. Withdrawal of opposition  
(1) An opposition to registration, once filed, may not be withdrawn after the notification under Article 43-
12 is served. 
(2) Article 155(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 56(2) of this Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis  to the withdrawal of the opposition to registration. 
 
Art.43-12.  Notification of reasons for revocation  
Where the presiding judicial examiner intends to rend er a decision of revocation, the presiding judicial 
examiner shall notify the trademark right holder and the intervenor of the reasons for revocation of the 
trademark registration and give the said parties an o pportunity to present a written opinion, designating a 
reasonable time limit.  
Art.43-13.  Formal requirements of decision  
(1) The decision with regard to an opposition to registration shall be rendered in writing stating the 
following matters: 
(i) the case number of the opposition to registration; 
(ii) the name and the domicile or residence of the trademark right holder, the opponent, the intervenor 
and their representative(s); 
(iii) an indication of the trademark registration on which the decision was rendered; IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 24  
 
(iv) the conclusions of and reasons for the decision; and 
(v) the date of the decision. 
(2) Where a decision has been rendered, the Commissi oner of the Patent Office shall serve a certified 
copy of the decision to  the trademark right holder, the opponent, the intervenor and persons whose 
request for intervention in the hearing examination on the opposition to registration has been refused. 
 
Art. 43-14. Mutatis mutandis  application of provisions concerning hearing 
(1) Articles 133, 133-2, 134(4), 135, 152, 168, 169( 3) to 169(6) and 170 of the Patent Act as applied 
mutatis mutandis under Article 56(1) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a hearing 
examination and decision on an opposition to registration. 
(2) Article 43-3(5) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a decision under Article 135 of the Patent 
Act as applied mutatis mutandis under the preceding paragraph. 
 
CHAPTER 5  HEARING 
 
Art. 44.  Hearing against examiner’s decision of refusal 
(1) A person who has received an examiner's decision to the effect that an application is to be refused and 
is dissatisfied may file a petition for a hearing against the examiner’s decision of refusal within 30 days from the date the certified copy of the examiner's decision has been served. 
(2) Where, due to reasons beyond the control of th e of the person, the person filing a petition for a 
hearing pursuant to the preceding paragraph is unable to file the petition within the time limit as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, said person may, notwithstanding the said paragraph, file the 
petition within 14 days (where resident abroad, within two months) from the date on which the 
reasons for not filing ceased to be applicable, but no t later than six months following the expiration of 
the said time limit. 
 
Art. 45.  Hearing against examiner’s decision of dismissal of amendments 
(1) Any person who has received a decision of dismissal of  amendments under Article 16-2(1) and is 
dissatisfied may file a petition for a hearing against the decision within 30 days from the date the certified copy of the decision has been served. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this provision shall not apply where a new application for trademark registra tion under Article 17-3(1) of the Design Act as 
applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 17-2(1) of this Act is filed. 
(2) Article 44(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis  to a petition for a hearing under the preceding paragraph. 
 
Art. 46.  Hearing for invalidation of trademark registration 
(1) Where a trademark registration falls under any of the following items, a petition for a hearing for 
invalidation of the trademark registration may be filed. In this case, where the trademark has been 
registered in connection with two or more designated goods or designated services, a petition may be filed for each of such designated goods or designated service:  
(i) where the trademark registration has been made in violation of Article 3, 4(1), 7-2(1), 8(1), 8(2), 
8(5), 51(2) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 52-2(2)), 
53(2) of this Act or Article 25 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to 
Article 77(3) of this Act;   
(ii) where the trademark registration has been made in violation of a treaty; 
(iii) where the trademark registration has been made on an application for trademark registration filed 
by a person who has not succeeded the rights deriving from the application for trademark registration; 
(iv) where, after the trademark registration, the trad emark right holder has become unable to enjoy the 
trademark right pursuant to Article 25 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to 
Article 77(3) of this Act, or the trademark regi stration has become in violation of a treaty;  
(v) where, after the trademark registration, the regi stered trademark has become a trademark that falls 
under any of Articles 4(1)(i) to 4(1)(iii) , 4(1)(v), 4(1)(vii) and 4(1)(xvi); and  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 25 
 
 
(vi) where, after the trademark registration of a re gionally based collective trademark, the trademark 
right holder has ceased to be an Association, etc ., or the registered trademark has ceased to be a 
trademark well known among consumers as that indi cating goods or services in connection with 
the business of the trademark right holder or its me mbers, or ceases to fall under any of the items 
of Article 7-2(1). 
(2) A petition for a hearing under the preceding paragraph may be filed even after the extinguishment of 
the trademark right. 
(3) Where a petition for a hearing is filed under the pr eceding paragraph, the presiding judicial examiner 
shall notify the exclusive licensee in connection with the trademark right, and other persons who have any registered rights relating to the trademark registration. 
 Art. 46-2  
(1) Where a hearing decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be invalidated becomes 
final and conclusive, the trademark right shall be deemed never to have existed. Notwithstanding the 
foregoing, where the trademark regist ration falls under any of Items (i v) through (vi) of Paragraph (1) 
of the Article 46, and a hearing decision to the ef fect that the trademark registration is to be 
invalidated becomes final and conclusive, the trademark right shall be deemed not to have existed from the time any of Items (iv) through (vi) of th e said paragraph first became applicable to the 
trademark registration.  
(2) In the case of the proviso to the preceding para graph, where the time at which any of Items (iv) 
through (vi) of Article 46(1) first became applicable to the trademark registration cannot be specified, 
the trademark right shall be deemed not to have existed from the date of registration of the petition for a hearing for invalidation of the said trademark registration.  
 
Art. 47.   
(1) Where a trademark registration has been made in violation of Article 3, 4(1)(viii), 4(1)(xi) 
to 4(1)(xiv), 8(1), 8(2) or 8(5) , where a trademark ragistration has been made in violation of 
Article 4(1)(x) or 4(1)(xvii) (excluding the case wh ere a trademark has been registered for the purpose 
of unfair competition), where a trademark has been registered in violation of Article 4(1)(xv) 
(excluding the case where a trademark has been regist ered for unfair purposes), or where a trademark 
registration falls under Article 46(1)(iii), a petition for a hearing relating to the trademark registration under Article 46(1) may not be filed after a lapse of  five years from the date of registration of the 
establishment of the trademark right. 
 
(2) Where a trademark registration has been made in  violation of Article 7-2(1) (limited to the case 
where the trademark was not well known, as a result of  the use of the trademark, among consumers as that 
indicating goods or services in connection with the business of the applicant for the trademark registration 
or its members) and five years have lapsed from the date of registration of the establishment of the 
trademark right, and further the registered trademar k is well known among consumers as that indicating 
goods and services in connection with the business of th e trademark right holder or its members, a petition 
for a hearing relating to the trademark registration under Article 46(1) may not be filed.  
 
Art. 48 and Art. 49 Deleted 
 
Art. 50  Hearing for cancellation of trademark registration  
(1) Where a registered trademark (including a trad emark deemed identical from common sense with the 
registered trademark, including a trademark consisting of characte rs identical to the registered 
trademark but in different fonts, a trademark that  is written in different characters – Hiragana 
characters, Katakana characters, or Latin alphabe tic characters- from the registered trademark but 
identical with the registered trademark in terms of sound and concept, and a trademark consisting of 
figures that are considered identical in terms of appearance as those of the registered trademark, 
hereinafter the same in this article) has not been used in Japan in connection with any of the designated goods and designated services for three consecutive years or longer  by the trademark right 
holder, the exclusive licensee or no n-exclusive licensee , any person may file a petition for a hearing 
for cancellation of such trademark registration in connection with the relevant designated goods or designated services. IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 26  
 
(2) Where a petition for a hearing under the preceding paragraph is filed, unless the respondent proves 
that any of the trademark right holder, the exclus ive licensee or non-exclusive licensee has used the 
registered trademark in Japan in connection with any of the designat ed goods or designated services 
relating to the petition within three years prior to the filing of the petition for the hearing, the 
trademark right holder may not prevent the cancellation of the trademark registration in connection with the relevant designated goods or designated services. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this shall 
not apply where the respondent shows valid reas ons for nonuse of the registered trademark in 
connection with the relevant designated goods or designated services. 
(3) Where the registered trademark in connection wi th the designated goods or designated services 
relating to the petition under Paragraph (1) has been used in Japan by any of the trademark right 
holder, the exclusive licensee or non-exclusive licensee, during the period from three months prior to 
the filing of the petition for a hearing under Paragraph (1) to the date of the filing of the petition, and where the petitioner proves that the registered tradem ark has been used after the user became aware of 
the fact that the said petition for a hearing would be  filed, the use of the registered trademark shall not 
fall under the use of the registered trademark under Paragraph (1). Notwithstanding the foregoing, this 
shall not apply to the case where the respondent shows valid reasons for the use of the registered trademark. 
 
Art. 51.   (1) Where a trademark right holder intentionally uses, e ither a trademark similar to a registered trademark 
in connection with the designated goods or de signated services, or a registered trademark in 
connection with goods or services similar to the designated goods or designated services or a 
trademark similar thereto, in a manner that misleads as to the quality of the goods or services or 
causes confusion in connection with the goods or services relating to a business of another person, any 
person may file a petition for a hearing fo r cancellation of the trademark registration.  
 (2) The previous trademark right holder may not be gran ted a registration of the same trademark or of a 
trademark similar thereto in connection with the designated goods or designated services for which 
the trademark registration has been cancelled, or in connection with goods or services similar thereto, until after a lapse of five years from the date the hearing decision to the effect that the trademark 
registration is to be cancelled under the preced ing paragraph becomes final and conclusive. 
 Art. 52   
A petition for a hearing under Article 51(1) may not be filed after a lapse of five years from the date on 
which the the trademark right holder ceased to use th e trademark in the manner under the said paragraph.  
 Art. 52-2   
(1) Where a trademark right to a similar registered trademark to be used in connection with identical 
goods or services, or a trademark right to an identi cal or similar registered trademark to be used in 
connection with similar goods or services becomes owned by a different trademark right holder as a result 
of transfer of the trademar k right, if the trademark right holder of on e of the registered trademarks uses, for 
the purpose of unfair competition, th e registered trademark for its designated goods or designated services 
in a manner that causes confusion in connection with th e goods or services relating to the business of the 
trademark right holder, the exclusive licensee or non-ex clusive licensee of the other registered trademark, 
any person may file a petition for a hearing for cancellation of the trademark registration.  
(2) Articles 51(2) and 52 shall apply mutatis mutandis  to a hearing under the preceding paragraph. 
 
Art. 53   
(1) Where an exclusive licensee or non-exclusive licens ee uses a registered trademark in connection with 
the designated goods or designated services or in connection with goods or services similar thereto, or 
a trademark similar thereto, in a manner that mislead s as to the quality of th e goods or services or 
causes confusion in connection with the goods or services relating to the business of another person, any person may file a petition for a hearing for cancellation of the trademark registration. 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, this shall not apply to the case where the trad emark right holder was 
not aware of the fact and using due care.  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 27 
 
 
(2) The previous trademark right ho lder, the exclusive licen see or non-exclusive licensee who used the 
trademark in a manner prescribed in the preceding paragraph may not be granted a registration of the 
same trademark or of a trademark similar ther eto in connection with the designated goods or 
designated services for which the trademark registration has been canceled, or in connection with goods or services similar thereto, until after the la pse of five years from the date the hearing decision 
to the effect that the trademark registration is to be canceled under the preceding paragraph becomes 
final and conclusive. 
(3) Article 52 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a hearing under Paragraph (1).  
Art. 53-2.   
Where a registered trademark is a trademark relating to a right to a trademark (limited to a right 
equivalent to a trademark right) held by a person in a country of the Union to the Paris Convention, a member of the World Trade Organization or a Co ntracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty or a 
trademark similar thereto, and the designated goods  or designated services thereof are goods or 
services relating to the said right or goods or services similar thereto, and further, the application for 
trademark registration was filed without the approval of the person who has the right relating to the trademark, without any reasonable ground, by his agen t or representative or by his former agent or 
representative within one year prio r to the filing date of the trademark registration, the person who has 
the right relating to the trademark may file a petition for a hearing for cancellation of the trademark 
registration. 
 
Art. 53-3.   
A petition for a hearing under Article 53-2 may not be filed after the lapse of five years from the date on 
which the establishment of the trademark right has been registered.  
 
Art. 54.  
(1) Where a hearing decision to the effect that the trademark registration is to be canceled becomes final 
and conclusive, the trademark right sh all become extinguished thereafter. 
(2) Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, where a hearing decision to the effect that the trademark 
registration is to be canceled becomes final and conclusive by a hearing under Article 50(1), the trademark right shall be deemed to have become extinguished on the date of registration of the petition for a hearing under the said paragraph. 
 
Art. 55  
The provision of Article 46(3) shall apply mutatis mutandis  to the case where a petition for a hearing 
is filed under Article 50(1), 51(1), 52-2(1), 53(1) or 53-2. 
 Art. 55-2. Special rules on hearings against examiner’s decision of refusal 
(1) The provisions of Articles 15-2 and 15-3 shall apply mutatis mutandis  to the case where reasons 
for refusal that are different from t hose contained in the examiner’s deci sion are found in the hearing under 
Article 44(1). 
(2) The provision of Article 16 shall apply mutatis mutandis  where a petition for a hearing under 
Article 44(1) is found to have reasonable grounds. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this provision shall 
not apply where a hearing decision to the effect that  a further examination is to be carried out under 
Article 160(1) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 56(1) of this Act is 
rendered. 
(3) The provisions of Article 16-2 of this Ac t and Article 17-3 of the Design Act shall apply mutatis 
mutandis  to a hearing under Article 44(1) of this Act. In this case, the term “files a petition for a hearing 
under Article 45(1)" in Article 16-2(4) shall be deemed to be replaced with "institutes an action under 
Article 63(1)." 
 
Art. 56.  Mutatis mutandis  application of Patent Act 
(1) The provisions of Articles 131(1), 131-2(1), 13 2 to 133-2, 134(1), 13 4(3), 134(4), 135 to 154, 
155(1), 155(2), 156 to 158, 160(1), 160(2), 161, and 167 to 170 (effect of hearing decision, petition for 
hearing, judicial examiner, hearing procedures in relation to litigati on, and costs of hearing) of the Patent 
Act shall apply mutatis mutandis  to a hearing. IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 28  
 
In this case, the term “is made with respect to the grounds for the petition as provided in 
Subsection (1) Paragraph (iii) of the preceding secti on in the course of filing a petition for a hearing 
other than a hearing for patent invalidation, or in the event that approval is granted by the presiding 
judicial examiner under the following subsection.” in Article131-2(1) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with “is made with respect  to the grounds for the petition as provided in 
Article 131(1)(iii) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 56(1) of this Act 
in the course of filing a petition for a hearing other than a hearing under Article 46(1) of the 
Trademark Act”, the term “a hearing for patent invalidation or a hearing for invalidation of the registration of extension of term” in Articles 132(1) and 167 of the Patent Act and the term “a hearing for patent invalidation or a hearing for invalidation of the registration of extension of term” in 
Articles 145(1) and 169(1) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with “a hearing under 
Article 46(1), 50(1), 51(1), 52-2(1), 53(1) or 53-2 of the Trademark Act”, the term “a party in the case 
or an intervener in the case" in Article 139(i), (ii)  and (v) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be 
replaced with "a party in the case, an intervener in the case or an opponent to the registration in the 
case, the term “a party in the case or an intervener in the case" in Article 139(iii) of the Patent Act 
shall be deemed to be replaced with "a party in th e case, an intervener in th e case or an opponent to 
the registration in the case", the term "a hearing against the examiner’s decision of refusal” in 
Article 161 of the Patent Act and “a hearing against an examiner’s decision of refusal and a hearing for correction" in Article 169(3) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with “a hearing 
under Article 44(1) or 45(1) of the Trademark Act”, an d the term “the decision in another hearing" in 
Article 168(1) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with “a decision on the opposition to the registration or a hearing decision in another hearing." 
(2) The provisions of Article 155(3) (Withdrawal of petition for hearing) of the Patent Act shall apply 
mutatis mutandis  to a hearing under Article 46(1) of this Act. 
 
Art. 56-2. Mutatis mutandis  application of Design Act 
The provision of Article 51 of the Design Act shall apply mutatis mutandis  to a hearing under 
Article 45(1) of this Act. 
 
CHAPTER 6  REHEARING AND LITIGATION 
 
Art. 57.  Petition for rehearing 
(1) A party in the case or an intervener may file a pe tition for a rehearing against a final and conclusive 
revocation decision or a final and conclusive hearing decision. 
  The provisions of Articles 338(1), 338(2) and 339 (g rounds for retrial) of the Code of Civil Procedure 
(Law 109 of 1996) shall apply mutatis mutandis  to a petition for a rehearing under the preceding 
paragraph. 
 
Art. 58.  
(1) Where the demandant of a hearing in conspiracy with the respondent has caused a hearing decision to 
be rendered for the purpose of impairing the right or interest of a third party, the third party may file a 
petition for a rehearing against the final and conclusive hearing decision. 
(2) A petition for a rehearing under the preceding paragraph shall be filed against the demandant and 
the respondent in the hearing as joint respondents. 
 
Art.59.   Limitations of effects of trademark right restored  by a rehearing 
Where a trademark right relating to  a revoked, canceled or invalidated trademark registration has been 
restored by a rehearing, the trademark right shall have no effect on any of the following acts: 
(i) the use of the registered trademark in good faith in connection with the designated goods or 
designated services after the revocation decision or  hearing decision became final and conclusive 
but before the registration of the petition for a rehearing; and 
(ii) the acts listed in each of the items in Article 37 committed in good faith after the revocation 
decision or hearing decision became final and conclu sive but before the registration of the petition 
for a rehearing. 
  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 29 
 
 
Art. 60.  
(1) Where a trademark right relating to a revoked, canceled or invalidated trademark registration has been 
restored by a rehearing or, where th e establishment of a trademark righ t with respect to an application 
for trademark registration refused by a hearing deci sion has been registered through a rehearing, and 
where a person, after the revocation decision or hearing decision becomes final and conclusive but before the registration of a petition for a rehearing, uses the registered trademark or a trademark 
similar thereto in Japan in good faith in connection with the designated goods or designated services 
or in connection with goods or services similar ther eto, and as a result, the said trademark has become 
well known among consumers as that indicating goods or services relating to the business of the person at the time of registration of the filing of a petition for a rehearing, the person shall have the 
right to use the trademark in connection with such goods or services, provided that the said person 
continuously uses the trademark for such goods or services. The same shall apply to those to whom 
such business is succeeded. 
(2) The provision of Article 32(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis  to the preceding paragraph. 
 
Art. 60-2 . Mutatis mutandis  application of provisions concerning hearing 
(1) The provisions of Articles 43-3, 43-5 to 43-9 an d 43-12 to 43-14 of this Act, Article 131(1), the 
principal sentence of Article 131-2(1), 132(3), 1 54, 155(1) and 156 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis  pursuant to Article 56(1) of this Act, and Article 155(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis 
mutandis  pursuant to Articles 56(2) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis  to a rehearing against a final 
and conclusive revocation decision. (2) The provision of Article 55-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis  to a rehearing against a final and 
conclusive hearing decision on a hearing under Article 44(1). 
(3) The provision of Article 56-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis  to a rehearing against a final and 
conclusive hearing decision on a hearing under Article 45(1). 
 
Art. 61.  Mutatis mutandis  application of Patent Act 
The provisions of Article 173 (time limit for petiti on for rehearing) and Articles 174(2) and 174(4) 
(application mutatis mutandis  of provisions regarding appeal/hearing, etc.) of the Patent Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis  to a petition for a rehearing. In this case, the term “hearing decision” in 
Paragraphs (1) and (3) to (5) of Article 173 of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with “ cancellation ruling or hearing decision", the term “a hearing for patent invalidation or a hearing for 
invalidation of the registration of extension of the term” in Article 174(2) of the Patent Act shall be 
deemed to be replaced with “a hearing under Article  46(1), 50(1), 51(1), 52-2(1 ), 53(1) or 53-2 of the 
Trademark Act.” 
 
Art.62.   Mutatis mutandis  application of Design Act 
(1) The provision of Article 58(2) (application mutatis mutandis  of provisions regarding appeal/hearing) 
of the Design Act shall apply mutatis mutandis  to a rehearing against a final and conclusive hearing 
decision on a hearing under Article 44(1) of this Act. 
(2) The provision of Article 58(3) of the Design Act shall apply mutatis mutandis  to a rehearing 
against a final and conclusive hearing decision on a hearing under Article 45(1) of this Act.  
Art.63.   Actions against hearing decisions, etc. 
(1) The Tokyo High Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any action against a revocation decision or a hearing decision, an action against a ru ling to dismiss an amendment under Article 16-2(1) as 
applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 55-2(3) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis  
pursuant to Article 60-2(2)) and an action against a ruling to dismiss a written opposition or a petition for hearing or rehearing. IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 30  
 
(2) The provisions of Articles 178(2) to 178(6) (tim e limit for institution of action, etc.), 179 to 180-2 
(appropriate party as respondent, notification of in stitution of action, opinion of the Commissioner of the 
Patent Office in rehearings annulling a hearing de cision), 181(1) and 181(5) (annulment of hearing 
decision or ruling) and 182 (delivery of original copy of judgment) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis 
mutandis  to the actions under the preceding paragraph.  In this case, the term “the hearing” in 
Article 178(2) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with “the examination or hearing of the 
opposition to the registration", the term “a hearing for patent invalidation or a hearing for invalidation of 
the registration of extension of the term” in Article 179 of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with “a hearing under Article 46(1), 50(1), 51(1), 52-2(1), 53(1) or 53-2 of the Trademark Act.” 
 
Art.63-2.  Relationship between hearing and litigation  
The provision of Article 184-2 (relationship between hearing and litigation) of the Patent Act shall 
apply mutatis mutandis  to an action demanding the annulment of measures (exclu ding measures under 
Article 77(7)) imposed by this Act or an order thereunder. 
 
CHAPTER 7  DEFENSIVE MARKS 
 
Art. 64.  Requirements for defensive mark registration 
(1) Where a registered trademark relating to goods is well known among consumers as that indicting 
the designated goods in connection with the busi ness of a trademark right holder, the trademark 
right holder may, where the use by another person of the registered trademark in connection with 
goods other than the designated goods relating to the registered trademark or goods similar thereto or in connection with services other than those similar to the designated goods is likely to cause 
confusion between said other person's goods or services and the designated goods relating to his 
own business, obtain a defensive mark registration for the mark identical with the registered trademark in connection with the goods or services for which the likelihood of confusion exists. 
(2) Where a registered trademark relating to services is well known among consumers as that 
indicting the designated services in connection with a business of a trademark right holder, the 
trademark right holder may, wh ere the use by another person of  the registered trademark in 
connection with services other than the designated services relating to the registered trademark or 
services similar thereto or in connection with goods other than those similar to the designated services is likely to cause confusion between said other person's services or goods and the 
designated services relating to his own business, obtain a defensive mark registration for the mark 
identical with the registered trademark in connection with the services or goods for which a likelihood of confusion exists. 
(3) For the purpose of the application of the preceding 2 paragraphs in relation to defensive mark 
registrations concerning a trademark right relating to a regionally based collective trademark, the 
term “his own” in the said paragraphs shall be deemed to be replaced with “its own or its members’”. 
 
Art. 65.  Conversion of application [Japanese characters ] 
(1) An applicant for trademark registration may convert an application for trademark registration into an 
application for defensiv e mark regi stration. 
(2) The conversion of an application under the preceding paragraph shall not be made after the 
examiner’s decision or the hearing decision on the application for trademark registration becomes 
final and conclusive. 
(3) The provisions of Article 10 (2), 10(3) and 11(5) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the conversion of an 
application under Paragraph (1). 
 
Art. 65-2. Duration of right based on defensive mark registration  
(1) The duration of a right based on defensive mark registration shall expire after ten years from the date 
of registration of the establishment thereof. 
(2) The duration of a right based on defensive mark registration may be renewed by filing an application 
for renewal of registration.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, this shall not apply to the case where the 
registered defensive mark becomes unregistrable as a defensive mark 
  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 31 
 
 
Art. 65-3. Registration of renewal of duration of right based on defensive mark registration  
(1) Any person who intends to file an application for registration of renewal of the duration of a right 
based on defensive mark registration shall present to the Commissioner of the Patent Office an 
application stating the following matters: 
(i) the name and the domicile or residence of the applicant; (ii) the registration number of the defensive mark registration; and 
(iii) in addition to what is listed in each of the pr eceding items, matters as prescribed by a relevant 
ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.  
(2) An application for registration of renewal shall be filed during the period from six months prior to the 
expiration of the duration of the right based on defensive mark registration to the date of expiration 
thereof. 
(3) Where an applicant for registration of renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive mark 
registration is, due to reasons beyond his control, unable to file the application during the time an application for registration of renewal is permitted to be filed under the preceding paragraph, the 
applicant may file such an application within fourteen days (two months for those who reside outside 
Japan) after the reason ceased to exist but not later than six months after a lapse of the said time limit. 
(4) Where an application for registration of renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive mark 
registration is filed, the duration shall be deemed to have been renewed upon expiration of the term (where an application is filed under the preceding paragraph, upon filing of the application). 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, this shall not appl y to the case where the examiner’s decision or 
hearing decision to the effect that the application is  to be refused becomes final and conclusive or the 
renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive mark registration is registered. 
 
Art. 65-4  
(1) Where an application for registration of renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive mark 
registration falls under any of the following items, the examiner shall render the examiner’s decision to the effect that the application is to be refused: 
(i) the registered defensive mark in connection of which the application is filed becomes 
unregistrable as a defensive mark pursuant to Article 64; and 
(ii) the applicant is not a person who has the right based on the defensive mark registration. 
(2) Where no reasons for refusal are found in connection with an application for registration of renewal of 
the duration of a right based on defensive mark registration, the examiner shall render a decision to 
the effect that the renewal is to be registered. 
 
Art. 65-5. 
The provisions of Articles 14 and 15-2 of this Act and Articles 48 (Exclusion of examiners) and 52 
(Formal requirements for examination) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutan dis to an 
examination of an application for registration of renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive mark registration. 
 
Art. 65-6. Registration of renewal of duration of right based on defensive mark registration  
(1) Where a registration fee under 65-7(2) is paid, the renewal of the duration of the right based on 
defensive mark registrati on shall be registered. 
(2) Upon registration under the preceding paragraph, the following matters shall be published in the 
Trademark Gazette: 
(i) the name and the domicile or residence of the person who has the right based on defensive mark 
registration; 
(ii) the registration number and the date of registration of renewal; and (iii) in addition to what is listed in the preceding two paragraphs, any other items that are considered 
necessary. 
 
Art. 65-7. Registration fees 
(1) A person obtaining a registration of establishment of a right based on defensive mark registration shall 
pay as a registration fee for each defensive mark re gistration the amount of 66,000 yen multiplied by 
the number of classes. IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 32  
 
(2) A person obtaining a registration of renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive mark 
registration shall pay as a regi stration fee for each defensive mark registration the amount 
of 130,000 yen multiplied by the number of classes. 
(3) The provisions of Articles 40(3) to 40(5) shall apply mutatis mutandis  to the preceding two 
paragraphs. 
 
Art. 65-8. Time limit for payment of registration fee 
(1) A registration fee under Article 65-7(1) shall be paid within 30 days from the service of a certified 
copy of the examiner’s decision or  the hearing decision to the effect  that defensive mark is to be 
registered. 
(2) A registration fee under Article 65-7(2) shall be paid within 30 days from the service of a certified 
copy of the examiner’s decision or  the hearing decision to the effect that the renewal of the duration 
of the right based on defensive mark registration is to be registered (where service is made prior to the expiration of the duration of the right based on defensive mark registration, the date of expiration of 
the duration).  
(3) The Commissioner of  the Patent Office may extend the period  of time prescribed in the preceding two 
paragraphs by a maximum of 30 days upon the re quest of a person who is required to pay the 
registration fee,. 
 
Art. 65-9. Payment of registrati on fee by interested person 
(1) Any interested person may make the payment of the registration fee under Article 65-7(1) or 65-7(2) 
even against the intention of the person by whom the said fee is to be paid. 
(2) The interested person who makes the payment of  the registration fee under the preceding paragraph 
may request the person by whom the said payment was to be paid to reimburse the cost thereof to the 
extent that the said person receives actual benefits therefrom. 
 
Art. 65-10. Refund of registration fee paid in excess or in error 
(1) A registration fee under Article 65-7(1) or 65-7(2) paid in excess or in error shall be refunded upon 
the petition of the person that paid them. 
(2) No refund of a regist ration fee may be requested under the preceding paragraph after the lapse of one 
year from the date of payment. 
 
Art. 66.  Incidental nature of right based on defensive mark registration 
(1) The right based on defensive mark registration shall become extinguished when the trademark right 
relating thereto is divided. 
(2) When a trademark right is transferred, the ri ght based on defensive mark registration shall be 
transferred with the trademark right relating thereto. 
(3) When a trademark right becomes extinguished, the right based on defensive mark registration relating 
thereto shall become extinguished. 
(4) Where a trademark right is deemed to have beco me extinguished under Article 20(4), the effects of 
the right based on defensive mark registration relating to the trademark right restored under 
Article 21(2) shall not extend to the acts prescribed  in each of the items of Article 67 committed 
during the period between the expiration of the time limit for the filing of a request for registration of renewal prescribed in Article 20(3) and the registration of renewal of the duration of the trademark 
right by the request under Article 21(1). 
 
Art. 67.  Acts deemed to be acts of infringement 
(1) The following acts shall be deemed to be acts of in fringement of the trademar k right or the exclusive 
license: 
(i) the use of the registered defensive mark in connection with the designated goods or designated 
services;  
(ii) acts of holding, for the purpose of assigning or  delivering, the designated goods to which or the 
package of which a registered defensive mark is affixed; 
(iii) in the course of provision of designated servic es, acts of holding or importing articles to be used by 
a person who receives the designated services to wh ich a registered defensive mark is affixed, for 
the purpose of providing the designated services by using the articles;  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 33 
 
 
(iv) in the course of provision of designated servi ces, acts of assigning, delivering, or holding or 
importing for the purpose of assigning or delivering, articles to be used by a person who receives 
the designated services to which a registered defensive mark is affixe d, for the purpose of 
providing the designated services by using the articles; 
(v) acts of holding articles bearing a registered de fensive mark, for the purpose of using the registered 
defensive mark in connection with the designated goods or designated services; 
(vi) acts of assigning, delivering, or holding for the pu rpose of assigning or delivering articles bearing a 
registered defensive mark, for the purpose of causing the registered defensive mark to be used in connection with the designated goods or designated services; 
(vii) acts of manufacturing or importing articles bear ing a registered defensive mark, for the purpose of 
using the registered defensive mark or causing the registered defensive mark to be used in 
connection with the designated goods or designated services. 
 
Art. 68.  Application  mutatis mutandis  of provisions concerning trademarks 
(1) The provisions of Articles 5, 5-2, 6(1), 6( 2), 9-2 to 10, 12-2, 13(1), and 13-2 shall apply mutatis 
mutandis  to an application for defensive mark registration.  In this case, the term “(iii) the designated 
goods or designated services and the class of the goods or services specified by Cabinet Order as provided for in Article 6(2)” in Article 5(1) shall be deemed to be replaced with “(iii) the designated goods or designated services and the class of the goods or services specified by Cabinet Order as 
provided for in Article 6(2)(iv), the registration number of the trademark registration relating to the 
application for defensive mark registration", the term "(iv) the designated goods or designated services are not stated” in Article 5-2(1) shall be deemed to be replaced with “(iv) the designated 
goods or designated services are not stated”, (v) the registration number of the trademark registration 
relating to the application for defensive mark registration is not stated” and the term “Article 37” in 
Article 13-2(5) shall be deemed to be replaced with “Article 67 (except the part relating to Item (i)).” 
(2) The provisions of Articles 14 to 15-2 and 16 to 17-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the examination 
of an application for defensive mark registration.  In this case, the te rm “Articles 3, 4(1), 7-2(1), 8(2), 
8(5), 51(2) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 52-2(2)), 53(2)” 
in Article 15(i) shall be deemed to be replaced with “Article 64.” 
(3) The provisions of Article 18, 26 to 28-2, 32 to 33-3, 35 and 69 of this Act and Article 104-3 of the 
Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 39 of this Act shall apply to a right based 
on defensive mark registration.  In this case, the term “Where the registration fee under Article 40(1) 
or the registration fee due and payable within thirty days from the date of service of a certified copy of 
the examiner’s decision or a hearing decision to the e ffect that the trademark is to be registered under 
Article 41-2(1)” in Article 18(2) shall be deemed to be replaced with “the registration fee under Article 65-7(1).” 
(4) The provisions of Articles 43-2 to 45, 46 (except Paragraph (1) (vi)), 46-2, 53-2, 53-3, 54(1) and 55-2 
to 56-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the opposition to registration and a hearing relating to defensive mark registration .  In this case, the term “Articles 3,  4(1), 7-2(1), 8(1) , 8(2), 8(5), 51(2) 
(including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 52-2(2)), 53(2)” in 
Articles 43-2(i) and 46(1)(i) shall be deemed to be replaced with “Article 64” and the term “where … 
the registered trademark has become a trademark that  falls under any of Articles 4(1)(i) to 4(1)(iii), 
4(1)(v), 4(1)(vii) and 4(1)(xvi)” in Article 46(1)(v) shall be deemed to be replaced by “where … the trademark registration becomes in violation of Article 64." 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 34  
 
(5) The provision of Articles 57 to 63-2 shall apply to a rehearing and litigation relating to defensive 
mark registration. In this case, the term “each of the items in Article 37” in Article 59(ii) shall be 
deemed to be replaced with “Items (ii) to (vii) of Article 67”, the terms “a trademark right in 
connection with … trademark registration” in Article 60 shall be deemed to be replaced with “a right based on defensive mark registration in connection with … defensive mark registration”, the term “an application for the registration of a defensive mark or an application for trademark registration" in the 
same article shall be deemed to be replaced with “an application for registration of renewal of the 
duration of a right based on defensive mark registra tion”, the term “the establishment of a trademark 
right … is registered” in the same article shall be deemed to be replaced with “the establishment of a right based on defensive mark registration or the renewal of the duration of a right based on defensive 
mark registration ... is registered” and the term “the registered trademark or a trademark similar 
thereto in connection with the designated goods or designated services or in conne ction with 
goods or services similar thereto" in the same article  shall be deemed to be replaced with “a trademark 
identical to the registered defensive mark.” 
 
CHAPTER 7-2  SPECIAL PROVISIONS UN DER THE PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE 
MADRID AGREEMENT 
 
Section 1  Application for international registration 
 
Art. 68-2. Application for international registration 
(1) A Japanese national or an alien domiciled or resident  (or, in the case of a legal entity, with a place of 
business) in Japan who desires to obtain an international registration (hereinafter referred to as the 
“application for international registration”) pursuant to Article 2(1) of the Protocol Relating to the 
Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks adopted at Madrid on June 27, 1989 (hereinafter referred to as the “Protocol”) shall file with the Commissioner of the Patent 
Office an application (hereinafter referred to as th e “international application”) pursuant to Article 
2(2) of the Protocol based on any of the following it ems.  In this case, where requirements prescribed 
by an ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trad e and Industry are applicable, two or more persons 
may jointly file the application for international registration. 
(i) the application for trademark re gistration or application for defensive mark registration of the 
applicant that is pending before the Patent Offi ce (hereinafter referred to as an “application for 
trademark registration, etc.”); or 
(ii) the trademark registration or defensive mark re gistration (hereinafter re ferred to as “trademark 
registration, etc.”) of the applicant. 
(2) Any person who desires to file an  application for international registration shall file the prescribed 
application and required documents in the foreign language pursuant to an ordinance of the Ministry 
of Economy, Trade and Industry. 
(3) The application shall state the following: 
(i) the name(s) of the Contracting Party to the Protocol in which the protection of the trademark 
relating to the application for international registration is sought; and 
(ii) the goods or services in connection of whic h the protection of the trademark relating to the 
application for international registration is sought and the class of the goods and services specified by Cabinet Order in Article 6(2). 
(4) Any person who desires to apply Article 3(3) of the Protocol in connection with a trademark or a 
mark relating to the application for international registration shall state in the application form the color or the combination of colors claimed and appe nd to the application copi es of the trademark or 
mark relating to the application for trademark registration, etc in color, or of the registered trademark or registered defensiv e mark in color.  
 Art. 68-3.   
(1) The Commissioner of  the Patent Office shall send the application for international registration and the 
required documents to the International Bureau prescrib ed in Article 2(1) of the Protocol (hereinafter 
referred to as the “International Bureau”).  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 35 
 
 
(2) In the case of the preceding paragraph, where th e matters stated in the application correspond to the 
matters stated in the basic application for tradem ark registration, etc. or in the basic trademark 
registration, etc., the Commissioner of the Patent O ffice shall state in the application the fact thereof 
and the date of receipt of the applic ation for international registration. 
(3) In the case of Paragraph (1), th e Commissioner of the Patent Office shall send to the applicant of the 
application for international registration a copy of the application for international registration sent to 
the International Bureau. 
 
Art.68-4.  Subsequent designation 
The holder of international registration may present to the Commissioner of the Patent Office, 
pursuant to an ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, a request for territorial 
extension (hereinafter referred to as "terri torial extension") prescribed in Article 3 ter of the Protocol 
subsequent to the international registration (hereinafter referred to as the “subsequent designation.” 
 
Art.68-5.  Request for renewal of duration of international registration 
The holder of international registration may file with the Commissioner of the Patent Office, pursuant 
to an ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, a request for renewal of the duration of international registration prescribed in Article 7( 1) of the Protocol (hereinafter referred to as the 
“renewal of the duration of international registration”). 
 
Art.68-6.  Request for recording of change in  the ownership of int ernational registration 
(1) The holder or the transferee of an internationa l registration may, pursuant to an ordinance of the 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, present to the Commissioner of the Patent Office a request 
for recordation of a change in the ownership of an in ternational registration, as prescribed in Article 9 
of the Protocol(hereinafter referred to as a “change in the ownership of international registration”). 
(2) The request under the preceding paragraph may be ma de for each of the goods or services listed in the 
international registration or for each of the Contracting Parties in which the international registration 
has effect. 
 
Art.68-7.  Application Mutatis mutandis  of provisions concerning  application for trademark 
registration 
Article 17(3) (limited to the part relating to Item (iii)) and Article 18(1) of the Patent Act as applied 
mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 77(2) of this Act, shall apply mutatis mutandis  to the application 
for international registration, subs equent designation, a request for the renewal of the duration of 
international registration and a request for the recordation of a change in the ownership of international registration. 
 
Art.68-8.  Delegation to ordinance of th e Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry 
In addition to the provisions of Articles 68-2 to 68-7, details of matters relating to the application for 
international registration, subsequent designation, a request for renewal of the duration of 
international registration and a request for the recordation of a change in the ownership of 
international registration required for the implementation of the Protocol and the Regulations thereunder shall be prescribed by an ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. 
 
Section 2  Special Provisions relating to Intern ational Application for Trademark Registration 
 
Art.68-9.  Application for trademark registratio n based on request for territorial extension 
(1) Any request for territorial extension to designate Japan shall be deemed to be an application for 
trademark registration filed on the date of internati onal registration pursuant to Article 3(4) of the 
Protocol (hereinafter referred to as the “date of  international registration”).  Notwithstanding the 
foregoing, in the case of subsequent designation, su ch request shall be deemed to be an application for 
trademark registration filed on the date (hereinafter referred to as the “date of subsequent designation”) on which the subsequent designation relating to the international registration pursuant to 
Article 3 ter(2) of the Protocol is recorded  in the International Register of the International Bureau 
prescribed in Article 2(1) (h ereinafter referred to as the “International Register”). 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 36  
 
(2) Matters stated in the left column of the following table contained in the International Register relating 
to the international registration designating Japan shall be deemed to be the matters stated in the right 
column of the said tabled contained in the application presented pursuant to Article 5(1). 
 
The name and the domicile or residence of 
the holder of international registration The name and the domicile or residence of the 
applicant for trademark registration 
The trademark subject to international registration The trademark for which registration is sought 
The goods or services listed in the 
international registration and the class of the goods or services The designated goods or designated services 
and the class of the goods or services specified by Cabinet Order as provided for in Article 6(2); 
 
Art. 68-10. Special provisions re lating to time of filing of international application for 
trademark registration 
(1) Where a registered trademark (hereinafter in this article referred to as the “registered trademark based 
on international registration”) relating to the request for territorial extension which is deemed to have 
been an application for trademark registration pursuant to Article 68-9(1) (hereinafter in this Chapter 
referred to as the “international application for trad emark registration”) is identical to the registered 
trademark prior to the trademark registration (excep t registered trademarks based on international 
registration, hereinafter referred to in this article as the “registered trademark based on national registration”) and the designated goods or designated services relating to the registered trademark 
based on international registration overlap the designated goods or designated services based on 
national registration, and further the trademark right holder of the registered trademark based on international registration is identical with the tradem ark right holder of the re gistered trademark based 
on national registration, the international application for trademark registration shall be deemed to 
have been filed on the date of filing of the application for trademark registration relating to the 
registered trademark based on national registration to the extent of the scope which is overlapping. 
(2) Articles 68-32(3) and 68-32(4) shall apply mutatis mutandis  to the international application for 
trademark registration under the preceding paragraph. 
 
Art.68-11.  Special provisions relating  to time of filing of application 
For the purpose of the application of Article 9(2) to an international application for trademark 
registration, the term “at the time of filing of the international application for trademark registration” 
in the said paragraph shall be replaced with ”within 30 days from the date of the application for 
international trademark registration.” 
 
Art.68-12.  Special provisions relati ng to division of an application 
Article 10 shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration. 
 
Art. 68-13. Special provisions relati ng to conversion of an application 
Articles 11 and 65 shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration. 
 Art. 68-14. Special provisions relating to matt ers to be contained in  the Trademark Gazette 
relating to publication of application  
For the purpose of application of Article 12-2(2) to the international application for trademark 
registration, the term “the number and date of the application for trademark registration” in the 
Item(ii) of the said paragraph shall be  replaced with “the number and the date of the international 
registration (in the case of the international application for trademark registration relating to the subsequent designation, the date of subsequent designation).” 
 
Art. 68-15. Special provisions relating to procee dings for priority claim governed by the Paris 
Convention, etc. 
(1) Articles 43(1) to 43(4) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 13(1) of this 
Act shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration. 
  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 37 
 
 
(2) For the purpose of the application of Article 43(1) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis  
pursuant to Article 13(1) of this Act to the international application for trademark registration, the 
portion “at the time of filing of the patent applicatio n” in the said paragraph shall be replaced with 
“within 30 days from the date of the international application for trademark registration.” 
 
Art. 68-16. Special provisions relating to the ri ght deriving from an application for trademark 
registration 
(1) For the purpose of application of Article 34(4) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant 
to Article 13(2) of this Act to the international application for trademark registration, the portion “the Commissioner of the Patent Office … except in the case of general successions including inheritance” 
in the said paragraph shall be replaced with “the International Bureau.” 
 (2) Articles 34(5) to 34(7) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 13(2) of this 
Act shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration. 
 Art. 68-17. Treatment of international applicatio n for trademark registration in the case of 
change in the ownership of  international registration 
Where all or some of the goods or services listed  in the international registration are divided and 
transferred as a result of a change in the ownership of international registration, the international 
application for trademark registration shall be de emed to have become applications for trademark 
registration with respect to each of the holders after the change. 
 
Art. 68-18 Special provisions relating to new applicatio n for trademark as amended 
(1) Article 17-3 of the Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 17-2(1) or 55-2(3) 
(including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 60-2(2)) of this Act shall 
not apply to the international appl ication for trademark registration. 
 
(2) Article 17-4 of the Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 17-2(2) of this Act 
shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration. 
 
Art. 68-19. Special provisions re lating to registration of es tablishment of trademark right 
(1) For the purpose of the application of Article 18(2) to the international application for trademark 
registration, the portion, “Where th e registration fee under Article 40(1 ) or the registration fee due and 
payable within thirty days from the date of service of a transcript of an examiner’s decision or a hearing decision to the effect that the trademark is to be registered under Article 41-2(1) is paid” in 
the said paragraph shall be replaced with “Where the communication is made by the International 
Bureau notifying that the payment of the individual fee in the amount prescribed in Article 68-
30(1)(ii) has been recorded in  the International Register.” 
 (2) For the purpose of the application of Article 18(3) to the international application for trademark 
registration, in Item (ii) of the said paragraph the portion “the number and date of the application for 
trademark registration” shall be replaced with “the number and the date of international registration (in the case of the international application for trademark registration relating to the subsequent designation, the date of subsequent designation)” and in Item (v) of the said paragraph the portion 
“the registration number and date of registration of establishment” shall be replaced with “the number 
of international registration and the date of registration of the establishment.” 
 
Art.68-20.  Effect of lapse of international registration 
(1) Where all or a portion of the international registration on which the international application for 
trademark registration is based has lapsed, the international application for trademark registration 
shall be deemed to have been withdrawn in respect of all or the portion of the designated goods or 
designated services that have lapsed. IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 38  
 
(2) Where the international registration lapses in whole or in part, the trademark right based on such 
international registration (hereina fter referred to as the “tradema rk right based on international 
registration”), the establishment of which has been registered under Article 18(2) as applied pursuant 
to Article 68-19(1), shall be deemed to have lapsed to the extent that all or a portion of the designated goods or designated services have lapsed. 
 
(3) The preceding two paragraphs shall take effect as of the date the international registration lapses in 
the International Register. 
 
Art. 68-21. Duration of the trademark righ t based on international registration  
(1) The duration of a trademark right based on international registration shall expire after ten years 
from the date of the international registration (where the duration of the international registration 
has been renewed prior to the registration of the establishment of the trademark right, the date of most recent renewal).  
(2) The duration of a trademark right based on international registration may be renewed based on the 
renewal of the duration of the international registration. 
 (3) Where the duration of international registration is renewed, the duration of the trademark right 
based on international registration shall be renewed at the time of expiration of the duration. 
 
(4) Where the duration of international registration is not renewed, the trademark right based on 
international registration shall be deemed to have expired retroactively at the time of expiration of the duration. 
 Art. 68-22. Special provisions relating to registration of renewal of duration 
(1) Articles 19 to 22, 23(1) and 23(2) shall not apply to a trademark right based on international 
registration. 
 
(2) For the purpose of application of Article 23(3) re lating to a trademark right based on international 
registration, the portion “registration set forth in the preceding two paragraphs” in the said paragraph shall be replaced with “renewal of the duration of  international registration” and the portion “the 
registration number and the date of registration of renewal” in Item (ii) of the said paragraph shall be 
replaced with “the number of international registration and the date of renewal of the duration of 
international registration.” 
 
Art.68-23.  Special provisions relating to division of trademark right 
Article 24 shall not apply to a trademark right based on international registration. 
 
Art.68-24.  Special provisions relating to  transfer of collective trademark right 
(1) A collective trademark right based on international registration may not be transferred, unless the 
document prescribed in Article 7(3) is presented. 
(2) Article 24-3 shall not apply to a trademark right based on international registration. 
 
Art. 68-25. Special provis ions relating to abandonment of trademark right 
(1) The trademark right holder based on internatio nal registration may abandon the trademark right. 
(2) Article 97(1) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 35 of this Act shall not 
apply to a trademark right based on international registration. 
 
Art. 68-26. Special provisions relating to effect of registration of trademark right 
(1) A transfer, extinguishment by ab andonment or restriction on disposition of a trademark right based on 
international registration shall have no effect unless registered. 
(2) Articles 98(1)(i) and 98(2) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 35 of this 
Act shall not apply to a trademark right based on international registration. 
  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 39 
 
 
Art.68-27.  Special provisions relating to  registration in the Trademark Register 
(1) For the purpose of the application of Article 71(1)(i) to a trademark right based on international 
registration, the term “the establishment, renewal of the duration, division, transfer, conversion, 
extinguishment, recovery or restriction on disposition of a trademark right" in the said item shall be replaced with “the establishment or restriction on disposition of a trademark right.” 
(2) The renewal of the duration, the transfer, the co nversion or the extinguishment of a trademark right 
based on international registration shall have effect in accordance with that registration in the 
International Register. 
 
Art. 68-28. Special provisions rela ting to amendmen t of proceedings 
(1) Any amendment to the designated goods or designated services stated in the international application 
for trademark application may be made only within th e designated time limit prescribed in Article 15-
2 (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 55 -2(1) (including cases 
where it is applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 60-2(2))) or  Article 15-3 (i ncluding  cases 
where it is applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 55-2(1) (inc luding cases where it is applied 
mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 60-2(2))). 
(2) Article 68-40 shall not apply to an international application for trademark registration.  
Art. 68-29. Special provisions relating to special rules on a trademark right covering two or 
more designated goods or designated services  
For the purpose of the application of Article 69 relating to a trademark right based on international 
registration, the portion "Article 20( 4) or 33(1) of this Act or Article  97(1) or 98(1)(i) of the Patent 
Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 35 of this Ac t” in Article 69 shall be replaced 
with “Article 33(1), 68-25(1) or 68-26(1)” and the term “Article 71(1)(i)” in Article 69 shall be 
replaced with “Article 71(1)(i) as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 68-27(1), 68-27(2)  .”  
 
Art. 68-30. Individual fee for trademark ri ght based on international registration  
(1) Any person who desires to obtain a registration of establishment of a trademark right based on 
international registration shall pay to the International Bureau, as the individual fee prescribed in Article 8(7)(a) of the Protocol  (hereinafter referred to as the “individual fee”) for each registration in 
the following amounts: 
(i) the amount equivalent to 4,800 yen plus 15,000 yen for each class of the goods and services; and 
(ii) the amount equivalent to 66,000 yen multiplied by the number of classes of the goods and 
services. 
(2) The individual fee in the amount prescribed in Item  (i) of the preceding paragraph shall be paid prior 
to the international registration and the individual fee in the amount prescribed  in Item (ii) thereof 
shall be paid within the time limit prescribed by an ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and 
Industry. 
(3) Where an examiner’s decision or a hearing decision is rendered to the effect that a trademark relating 
to an international application for trademark registra tion is to be registered, the Commissioner of the 
Patent Office shall notify the International Bureau of the time limit for the payment of the individual 
fee relating to the application, in the amount prescribed in Item (ii) of Paragraph (1). 
(4) Where the individual fee in the amount prescribed in Items (i) and (ii) is not paid, and as a result the 
international registration on which the international application for trademark registration is based is 
cancelled, the said application shall be  deemed to have been withdrawn. 
(5) A person requesting the renewal of the durat ion of a trademark right based on international 
registration shall pay as the individual fee to the International Bureau for each registration the amount 
equivalent to 151,000 yen multiplied by the number of classes. 
(6) Articles 40 to 43 and 76(2) (limited to the portion listed under Item (i) of the appended table) shall not 
apply to an application for international trademark registration or a trademark right based on the 
international registration. 
 
Art.68-31. Entrustment to ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry 
In addition to the provisions of Articles 68-9 to 68-30, details of matters required for the implementation of the Protocol and the Regulations thereunder shall be  prescribed by an ordina nce of the Ministry of 
Economy, Trade and Industry. IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 40  
 
 
PART 3  SPECIAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING APPLICATION FOR TRADEMARK 
REGISTRATION, ETC. 
 
Art. 68-32. Special provisions concerning a pplication for trademark registration after 
cancellation of intern ational registration 
(1) Where an international registration relating to a trademark that was the subject of an international 
registration designating Japan is cancelled pursuant to Article 6(4) of the Protocol in respect of all or 
some of the goods or services listed in the international registration, the person who was the holder of the international registration may file an application for trademark registration in relation to all or 
some of the said goods or services. 
(2) Where an application for trademark registration under the preceding paragraph falls under all of the 
following items, the application shall be deemed to have been filed on the date of international registration (where the international registration under the said paragraph is related to the subsequent 
designation, the date of the subsequent designation relating to the said international registration) of the 
international registration under the said paragraph. 
(i) the application for trademark registration under the preceding paragraph is filed within three 
months from the date on which the international registration under the said paragraph was cancelled; 
(ii) the trademark for which the trademark registration  is sought is identical with the trademark that 
was the subject of the international registration under the preceding paragraph; and 
(iii) the designated goods or designated services in connection with the application for trademark 
registration under the preceding paragraph are within the scope of the goods or services listed in 
the international registration under the preceding paragraph. 
(3) Where an international application for trademark registration relating to an international registration 
under Paragraph (1) enjoyed a right of priority pursuant to Article 4 of the Paris Convention, the application for trademark registration under the said paragraph shall also enjoy the same right of 
priority. 
(4) The preceding paragraph shall also apply to the ca se where an international application for trademark 
registration relating to an international registration under paragraph (1) enjoyed a right of priority pursuant to Article 43-2(2) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 9-3 
or 3(1) of this Act. 
(5) For the purpose of the application of Article 10(1) to an application for trademark registration under 
Paragraph (1), the portion of the said paragraph “an application for trademark registration in relation to all or some of the said goods or services” sh all be replaced with “an application for trademark 
registration in relation to all or some of the said goods or services (limited to the goods or services 
that fall under the scope of those listed in the international registration under Article 68-32(1)).” 
 
Art. 68-33. Special provisions concerning a pplication for trademark registration after 
denunciation of Protocol 
(1) Where, pursuant to Article 15(5)(b) of the Protocol, the holder of the international registration 
designating Japan becomes no longer qualified as a person eligible to file the application for international registration pursuant to Article 2(1) of the Protocol, the person who was the holder of the said international registration may file an application for trademark registration in connection with the 
goods or services listed in the said international registration. 
(2) The provisions of Articles 68-32(2) to 68-32(5) shall apply mutatis mutandis  to an application for 
trademark registration under Paragraph (1).  In this case, the portion “within three months from the date on which the international registration under the said paragraph was cancelled" in Item (i) of Article 68-32(2) shall be deemed to be replaced with “within two years from the date on which the denunciation under 
Article 15(3) of the Protocol took effect.” 
  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 41 
 
 
Art. 68-34. Special provisions concerning reasons for refusal 
(1) For the purpose of the application of Article 15 to  an application for tradem ark registration pursuant 
to Article 68-32(1) or 68-33(1), th e portion “falls under any of the following items” in Article 15 shall 
be replaced with “falls under any of the following items or where an application for trademark registration under Article 68-32(1) or 68-33(1) does  not comply with the requirements prescribed in 
Article 68-32(1), 68-33(1) or each item of 68-32(2)  (including cases where it is applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 68-33(2)).” 
(2) The provision of Article 15 (limited to the part relating to Item (i) and (ii)) shall not apply to an 
application for trademark regist ration concerning a trademark right that was related to the 
international registration (referred to in Article 68-37 and 68-39 as “re-filing of trademark right 
relating to former international registration”). 
 
Art.68-35.  Special provisions concerning regist ration of establishment of trademark right 
Notwithstanding Article 18(2), where, in connection with an application for trademark registration 
under Article 68-32(1) or 68-33(1), the examiner's d ecision or the hearing decision to the effect that 
the trademark is to be registered has been rendere d within ten years from the date of international 
registration of the international registration relating to the said application and individual fee in the amount prescribed in Article 68-30(1)(ii) has been paid to the International Bureau prior to the date on which the international registration relating to the said application is cancelled pursuant to Article 6(4) 
of the Protocol or to the date on which the denunciation under Article 15(3) of the Protocol takes 
effect, the establishment of trad emark right shall be registered. 
 
Art.68-36.  Special provis ions concerning duration 
(1) The duration of a trademark right prescribed in Ar ticle 68-35 shall expire after ten years from the date 
of the international registration (where the duration of the international registration has been renewed, the date of most recent renewal).  
(2) Article 19(1) shall not apply to the duration of  a trademark right prescribed in the preceding 
paragraph. 
 
Art. 68-37. Special provisions conc erning opposition to registration 
For the purpose of the application of Article 43-2 to a trademark registration relating to the re-filing of a 
trademark right relating to a former international registration, the term “trademark registration” in the said 
article shall be replaced with “trade mark registration (in the case of a trademark registration relating to the 
re-filing of a trademark right relating to a former international registration, except any trademark registration for which the term prescribed in this article has lapsed without any opposition to the registration of the former trademark registration rela ting to the former inte rnational registration).” 
 Art. 68-38. Special provisions concerning hear ing for invalidation of trademark registration 
For the purpose of the hearing prescribed in Article 46(1) for the trademark registration relating to an 
application for trademark registration under Article 68- 32(1) or 68-33(1),  the term “falls under any of 
the following items” in the said paragraph shall be replaced with “falls under any of the following 
items or has been made in violation of the provis ion of Article 68-32(1), 68 -33(1) or each item of 
Article 68-32(2) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68-33(2)).” 
 Art. 68-39.  
For the purpose of the application of Article 47 to a trademark registration relating to the re-filing of a 
trademark right relating to a former international registration, the portion “may not be filed” in the said article shall be replaced with “may not be filed.  The same shall also apply, in relation to the former trademark registration relating to the re-filing of trademark right relating to former 
international registration, even prior to a lapse of five years from the date of registration of the 
establishment of the trademark right, when a petition  for hearing under Article 46(1) can be no longer 
filed pursuant to this article concerning the fo rmer trademark registration relating to the former 
international registration. ” 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 42  
 
CHAPTER 8  MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 
 
Art. 68-40. Amendment of proceedings   
(1) The person undertaking a procedure before the Patent Office with regard to an application for 
trademark registration, an application for defensive mark registration, any petitions or any other procedures relating to trademark registration or defensive mark registration, may make amendments 
relating thereto only when the case is pending in examination, hearing examination on opposition to 
registration, hearing or re-hearing.  
(2) Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, a person who has applied for trademark registration may, at 
the time of payment of the registration fee under Ar ticle 40(1) or 41-2(1) make amendments to reduce 
the number of classes relating to the application for trademark registration. 
 
Art. 69   Special rules on trademark right covering two or more designated goods or 
designated services 
 For the purpose of the application of Article 13-2(4) (including where it is applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 68(1)), 20(4) and 33(1) of this Ac t, Article 97(1) or 98(1)(i ) of the Patent Act as 
applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 35 of this  Act, Article 43-3(3), 46(2), 46-2 or 54 of this 
Act, Article 132(1) of the Patent Act as respectivel y applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 6(1) 
of this Act or Article 174(2) of the Patent Act as  applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 61 of 
this Act, Article 59, 60, 71(1)(i) or 75(2)(iv) of th is Act, to the trademark registration or trademark 
right covering two or more designated goods or designated services, the trademark shall be deemed to have been registered or the trademark right shall be deemed to exist, for each of the designated goods or designated services. 
 Art. 70.  Special rules on trademarks, etc., similar to registered trademarks 
(1) The term “registered trademark” as used in Article  25, 29, 30(2), 31(2), 31-2(1 ), 34(1), 38(3), 50, 52-
2(1), 59(i), 64, 73 or 74 shall include trademarks si milar to the registered trademark that would be 
regarded as being identical to the registered trad emark if they were in the same color(s) as the 
registered trademark. 
(2) The term “registered defensive mark” as used in Article 4(1)xii) or 67 shall include marks similar to 
the registered defensive mark that would be regard ed as being identical to the registered defensive 
mark if they were in the same color(s) as the registered defensive trademark. 
(3) The term “trademark similar to the registered trademark” as used in Article 37(i) or 51(1) shall not 
include any trademark similar to the registered tradem ark that would be regarded as being identical to 
the registered trademark if they were in th e same color(s) as the registered trademark. 
 
Art.71.  Registration in Trademark Register 
(1) The following matters shall be registered in the Trademark Register maintained in the Patent Office: 
(i) the establishment, renewal of the duration, division, transfer, modification, extinction, restoration 
or restriction on disposition of a trademark right; 
(ii) the establishment, renewal of the duration, tran sfer or extinguishment of rights based on defensive 
mark registration; 
(iii) the establishment, maintenance, transfer, modification, extinguishment or restriction on 
disposition of exclusive license or non-exclusive license; and 
(iv) the establishment, transfer, modification, extingui shment or restriction on disposition of a right of 
pledge on a trademark right, exclusive license or non-exclusive license. 
(2) The Trademark Register may be prepared, in wh ole or in part, in the form of magnetic tapes 
(including other storage media using a similar method that may record or reliably store certain matters, hereinafter the same). 
(3) In addition to those prescribed in this Act, matters relating to the registration shall be specified by 
Cabinet Order. 
 
Art. 71-2. Issuance of c ertificate of tr ademark registration, etc. 
(1) Upon registration of the establishment of a trad emark right or upon registration of the establishment 
of rights based on defensive mark registration, the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall issue a certificate of trademark registration or defensive ma rk registration to the trademark right holder.  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 43 
 
 
(2) The re-issuance of a certificate of trademark registration or defensive mark registration shall be 
prescribed by ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. 
 Art. 72.  Petition for certificate, etc. 
(1) Any person may file a petition with regard to trademark registration or defensive mark registration to 
the Commissioner of the Patent Office to issue a certificate, a certified copy of documents or an 
extract of documents, to allow the inspection or c opying of documents, or to issue documents stored 
on the magnetic tapes that constitute a part of the Trademark Register.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Commissioner of the Patent Office considers it necessary to keep such documents confidential, this provision shall not apply in the case of the following documents: 
(i) documents relating to a hearing under Article 46(1) (including cases where it is applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 68(4)), 50(1), 51(1), 52-2(1), 53(1) or 53-2 (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(4)) or a re-hearing of the final and conclusive hearing decision rendered in the said hearing, wi th respect to which the party in the case or an 
intervener has given notice that a trade secret owned by the said party in the case or intervener has 
been described (trade secret as prescribed in Section 2(6) of the Unfair Competition Prevention 
Law (Law No. 47 of 1993)); 
(ii) documents which are liable to cause damage to  an individual’s reputation or peaceful life; and 
(iii) documents which are liable to cause damage to public order or morality. 
(2) Where the Commissioner of the Patent Office approves of the petition under the principal sentence of 
the preceding paragraph with regard to the document s  a s  p r o v i d e d  i n  I t e m  ( i )  o r  ( i i )  o f  t h e  s a i d  
paragraph, the Commissioner of the Patent Office shall notify the person who presented the said documents thereof and reasons therefor. 
(3) Provisions of the Law Concerning Access to Inform ation Held by Administrative Organs (Law No.42 
of 1999) shall not apply to the documents concerning trademark registration or defensive mark registration and the part of the Trademark Register stored on magnetic tapes. 
(4) Provisions in Chapter 4 of the Law Concerning  Protection of Personal Information Possessed by 
Administrative Organs (Law No.58 of 2003) shall not apply to the possessed personal information 
(refers to the possessed personal information as prescrib ed in Article 2(3) of the said Law) recorded in 
the documents concerning trademark registration or defensive mark registration and the part of the Trademark Register stored on magnetic tapes. 
 
Art. 73.  Indication of trademark registration 
Where the trademark right holder, the exclusive licens ee or non-exclusive licensee affixes the registered 
trademark to the designated goods, pa ckages of the designated goods or goods to be used for the provision 
of the designated services, or affixes, in the provision of the designated services, the registered trademark 
to the goods relating to the provision of the designated services that belong to the person receiving the 
designated services pursuant to the provisions of  ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, he shall make efforts to affix to the trad emark an indication (hereinafter referred to as the 
“indication of trademark registration”) stating that the trademark is a registered trademark. 
 Art. 74.  Prohibition of false indication 
It shall be prohibited for a person to do the following acts: 
(i) in using a trademark that is not a registered  trademark, to affix the indication of trademark 
registration or an indication confusing therewith to the trademark; 
(ii) in using a registered trademark for goods or services that are not the designated goods or designated 
services, to affix the indication of trademark registration or an indication confusing therewith to the trademark; 
(iii) to possess goods, for the purpose of assignment or delivery, which have affixed on the goods or on 
the packaging thereof, a trademark other than a re gistered trademark; or to affix a registered 
trademark in connection with goods on goods other than the designated goods, or on the packaging thereof; or to affix on goods or on the packages thereof, a registered trademark in connection with 
services, where the indication of trademark regist ration or an indication confusing therewith is 
affixed to the said trademark;  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 44  
 
(iv) to possess or import, for the purpose of providin g services, articles affixed with a trademark other 
than a registered trademark, that are to be used  in the provision of the services by the person 
receiving the services; articles affixed a registered trademark in connection with services that are to 
be used by the person receiving the services in the provision of services other than the designated services; or articles affixed with a registered tradem ark in connection with good s that are to be used 
in the provision of services by the person recei ving the services, and the indication of trademark 
registration or an indication confusing therewith (hereinafter referred to in the following item as 
“articles with a false indication of trademark registra tion relating to services”) is affixed to the said 
trademark. 
(v) to assign, deliver, possess or import products with a false indication of trademark registration 
relating to services, for the purpose of assigning or delivering. 
 
Art. 75.  Trademark Gazette 
(1) The Patent Office shall publish the Trademark Gazette 
(2) In addition to the matters prescribed in th is Act, the Trademark Gazette shall contain: 
(i) examiner’s decisions to the effect that an applicat ion is to be refused, or the waiver, withdrawal or 
dismissal of  applications for trademark registration or applications for defensive mark registration after the publication of the application; 
(ii) successions of right deriving fro m an application for trademark regi stration after the publication of 
the application; 
(iii) amendments made to the designated goods or designated services stated in an application, to the 
trademark for which the registration is sought, or to the mark for which the defensive mark registration is sought after the publication of the application; 
(iv) extinctions of trademark rights (except due to the expiration of the duration or under Article 41-
2(4)); 
(v) filings of a petition for opposition to registratio n or for a hearing or a re-hearing, or withdrawal 
thereof; and 
(vi) final and conclusive decisions on the opposition to registration, final and conclusive hearing 
decisions or the final and conclusive decision or hearing decision on rehearing. 
(vii) final and conclusive judgments in actions under Article 63(1). 
 
Art. 76.  Fees 
(1) Fees shall be paid by the following persons in an amount to be provided by Cabinet Order in view of 
the actual costs: 
(i) persons notifying of succession under Article 34(4 ) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis 
pursuant to Article 13(2) of this Act; 
(ii) persons filing a petition for an extension of the term under Article 17-4 of the Design Act as 
applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 17-2( 2) (including cases where it is applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 68(2)) of this Act, Article 41(2) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 41-2(6)) or 43-4(3) (including cases where it is applied 
mutatis mutandis under Article 68(4)) of this Act, or  Article 4 or 5(1) of the Patent Act as applied 
mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 65-8(3) or 77(1) of this Act, or a change of the date under Article 5(2) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 77(1) of this Act. 
(iii) persons filing an application for international registration to the Commissioner of the Patent Office 
pursuant to Article 68-2; 
(iv) persons presenting to the Commissioner of the Patent Office a request for subsequent designation 
pursuant to Article 68-4; 
(v) persons filing a request fo r renewal of the duration of international registration to the 
Commissioner of the Patent Office pursuant to Article 68-5; 
(vi) persons filing a petition to the Commissioner of the Patent Office for the recording of a change in 
the ownership of international registration pursuant to Article 68-6; 
(vii) persons  filing a petition for the re-issuance of a certificate of trademark registration or defensive 
mark registration; 
(viii) persons filing a petition for the issuance of a certificate pursuant to Article 72(1); 
(ix) persons filing a petition for the issuance of a certified copy of docum ents or an extract of 
documents pursuant to Article 72(1);  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 45 
 
 
(x) persons filing a petition to allow the inspection or copying of documents pursuant to Article 72(1); 
and 
(xi) persons filing a petition for the issuance of documents whose contents are stored on magnetic tapes 
that constitute part of the Trademark Register pursuant to Article 72(1). 
(2) The persons listed in the center column of the at tached table shall pay fees in the amount as provided 
by Cabinet Order within the range of the amounts specified in the corresponding right-hand column of 
the table. 
(3) The preceding two paragraphs shall not apply where the person to pay the fee in accordance with 
these paragraphs is the State. 
(4) Where the State has joint ownership of a trademark right, a right deriving from an application for 
trademark registration or a right based on an application for defensive mark registration with a person 
other than the State, and the portion of their re spective shares of said right has been agreed, 
notwithstanding the provisions of Paragraph (1) or (2 ), the fees payable ther eunder (limited to those 
prescribed by Cabinet Order) shall be determined as  the sum of the prescribed fees multiplied by the 
ratios of the share of each person other than the Stat e, and, the person(s) other than the State shall pay 
such sum. 
(5) Where the amount of the fees calculated under the preceding paragraph has a fractional figure of less 
than ten yen, said portion shall be discarded. 
(6) The payment of the fees under Paragraph (1) or (2) shall be made by patent revenue stamps as 
provided by Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.  Notwithstanding the 
foregoing, where so provided by Ordinance of th e Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, a cash 
payment thereof shall be accepted. 
(7) Fees paid in excess or in error shall be refunded upon the petition of the person who made payment 
thereof.  
(8) No petition for a refund of the fees under the pr eceding paragraph may be filed after one year from the 
date on which the payment thereof has been made.  
 
Art. 77  Mutatis mutandis  application of Patent Act 
(1) The provisions of Articles 3 to 5 (time periods and dates) of the Patent Act shall apply to time periods 
and time limits prescribed in this Act.  In this case,  the term “Article 121(1)” of Article 4 of the Patent 
Act shall be deemed to be replaced with “Ar ticle 44(1) or 45(1) of  the Trademark Act.” 
(2) Article 6 to 9, 11 to 16, 17(3) and 17(4), 18 to 24 and 194 (procedures) of the Patent Act shall apply 
mutatis mutandis to an application for trademark registration, an application for defensive mark 
registration, any petitions or any other procedures relating to trademark registration or defensive mark registration.  In this case, the portion “file a request for the examination of an application” in Article 6(1)(i) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be repl aced with “file an opposition to registration”, the 
portion “an adverse party files a petition for a hearing or rehearing” in Article 7(4) of the Patent Act 
shall be deemed to be replaced with “an opposition to registration in relation to the trademark right or the right based on defensive mark registration is filed or a hearing or re-hearing is filed by an adverse party”, the portion “hearing against an examiner’s deci sion of refusal” in Article 9 of the Patent Act 
shall be deemed to be replaced with “hearing unde r Article 44(1) or 45(1) of the Trademark Act”, the 
portion “hearing against an examiner’s decision of refusal” in Article 14 of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with “hearing under Article  44(1) or 45(1) of the Trademark Act”, the portion 
“(ii) where the procedures do not comply with the fo rmal requirements prescribed by this Act or an 
order thereunder” in Article 17(3) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with “(ii) where 
the procedures are not in complian ce with the formal procedures pres cribed by this Act or an order 
based on this Act; (ii)-2 where, relating to the procedures, the registration fee under Article 40(2) of the Trademark Act or the registration fee (including the registration surcharge payable pursuant to Article 43(1) or 43(2) of the Tradem ark Act) payable at the time of request for registration of renewal 
pursuant to Article 41-2(2) of the Trademark Act is not paid", the portion "not amendable" in 
Article 18-2(1) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "not amendable (except where any of the items in Article 5-2(1) of the trademar k Act (including cases where it is applied mutatis 
mutandis pursuant to Article 68(1) of the Trademar k Act) is applicable)”, the term “hearing” in 
Article 23(1) and 24 of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "hearing examination and 
decision on hearing for opposition to registration", and the term "hearing" in Article 194(1) of the Patent Act shall be deemed to be replaced with “hearing for opposition to registration." IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 46  
 
(3) The provision of Article 25 (Enjoyment of rights by aliens) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis 
mutandis  to a trademark right and other rights relating to the trademark registration. 
(4) Article 26 (Effect of treaties) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis  to the trademark 
registration and defensiv e mark regi stration. 
(5) The provisions of Articles 189 to 192 (Service) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis  to 
service prescribed in this Act. 
(6) Article 195-3 of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to dispositions under this Act or under an 
order based on this Act. 
(7) Article 195-4 (Restriction on appeals under Administrative Appeal Law) of the Patent Act shall apply 
mutatis mutandis to an examiner’s decision, a ruling to dismiss an amendment, a revocation decision, 
a hearing decision, a ruling to dismiss a written opposition, a ruling to dismiss a petition for a hearing 
or rehearing under this Act and to a disposition against which no appeal lies in accordance with this Act. 
 
Art. 77-2. Transitional measures 
Where an order is established, revised or abolis hed pursuant to this Act, transitional measures 
(including transitional measures relating to penal provisions) to the extent deemed reasonably necessary for the establishment, revision or abo lishment may be prescribed by the said order. 
 
CHAPTER 9  PENAL PROVISIONS 
 
Art. 78.  Offence of infringement  
An infringer of a trademark right or an exclusive lice nse shall be liable to imprisonment with labor for 
a term not exceeding five years or a fine not exceeding 5,000,000yen. 
 
Art. 79.  Offence of fraud 
Any person who has obtained a trademark registration, defensive mark registration, registration of renewal 
of the duration of trademark right or right based on defensive mark registration, decision on opposition to 
registration or hearing decision by means of a fraudulent act shall be liable to imprisonment with labor for a term not exceeding three years or a fine not exceeding 3,000,000 yen.  
Art. 80.  Offence of false indication  
Any person who fails to comply with Article 74 shall be liable to imprisonment with labor for a term not exceeding three years or a fine not exceeding 3,000,000yen. 
 
Art.81.   Offence of perjury, etc. (1) A witness, an expert witness or  an interpreter who has taken an oath under this Act and made a false 
statement or given a false expert opinion or a false interpretation before the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby, shall receive a sentence of im prisonment with forced labor for a term between 
three month and ten years.  
(2) Where a person who has committed the offense in the preceding subsection has made a voluntary 
confession before a copy of the judgment on the case has been transmitted or a decision on an opposition to the registration has become final and conclusive, the sentence may be reduced or suspended 
 
Art.81-2.  Offence of breach of confidentiality order 
(1) Any person who fails to comply with an order pursuant to Article 105-4(1) (including cases where it is 
applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 13-2(5)) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 39 of this Act shall be liable to  imprisonment with labor for a term not exceeding 
five years or a fine not exceeding 5,000,000yen or combination thereof. 
(2) The prosecution of the offence under the preceding paragraph may not be instituted unless a 
complaint is filed. 
(3) The offence under Paragraph (1 ) shall apply to a person who commits the offence under the said 
paragraph while outside Japan. 
  IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
 Page 47 
 
 
Art. 82.  Dual liability 
(1) Where a representative of a legal-entity or an ag ent, employee or other staff member of a legal entity 
or an individual has committed, in the course of performing duties for the legal entity or individual, 
any act in violation of the provisions prescribed in the following items, in addition to the offender, the legal entity shall be liable to a fine as provided in the corresponding items and the individual shall be liable to a fine as provided in each arti cle prescribed in the corresponding items: 
(i) Article 78 or 81-2(1), a fine not exceeding 150 million yen; and 
(ii) Article 79 or 80, a fine not exceeding 100 million yen. 
(2) In the case of the preceding paragraph, a compla int under Article 81-2(2) ag ainst the offender shall 
also have effect on the legal entity or individual and a complaint against the legal entity or individual 
shall also have effect on the offender. 
 
Art. 83. Administrative penalties 
Where a person who has taken an oath under Article 207(1) of the Code of Civil Procedure as applied 
mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 151 of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to 
Article 71(3) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 28(3) (including cases where it is applied  mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(3) of this Act) of this Act, Article 43-8 
(including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 60-2 (1) and 68(4) of this 
Act) or Article 56(1) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(4) of 
this Act), Article 174(2) of the Patent Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 61 
(including cases where it is applied  mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(5) of this Act), 
Article 58(2) of the Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 62(1) (including cases 
where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(5) of this  Act), or Article 58(3) of the 
Design Act as applied mutatis mutandis  pursuant to Article 62(2) (including cases where it is applied 
mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(5) of this Act) has made a false statement before the Patent 
Office or a court commissioned thereby, the said person shall be liable to an administrative penalty not exceeding 100,000 yen. 
 
Art. 84.  
A person(s) who has been summoned by the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby in 
accordance with this Act and fails to appear or refuses to take an oath, make a statement, testify, give 
an expert opinion or interpret without a justifiable reason shall be liable to an administrative penalty 
not exceeding 100,000yen. 
 
Art. 85.  
A person(s) who has been ordered by the Patent Office or a court commissioned thereby to submit or 
present documents or other materials for the purpose  of examination or preservation of evidence in 
accordance with this Act, and fails to comply with the order without a justifiable reason shall be liable 
to a fine not exceeding 100,000yen. 
 IP/N/1/JPN/T/4 
Page 48  
 
 
Attached Table (In relation to Article 76)  
 Person responsible for payment 
 Amount 
1. Person filing an application for trademark registration 
 ¥6,000 per case plus ¥15,000 for each class 
2. Person filing an application for defensive mark 
registration or for regist ration of renewal of the 
duration of a right based on defensive mark registration  ¥12,000 per case plus ¥30,000 for each 
class 
3. Person requesting the division of a trademark right 
 ¥30,000 per case 
4. Person requesting an advisory opinion pursuant to 
Article 28(1) (including cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 68(3))  ¥40,000 per case 
5. Person filing an opposition to registration 
 ¥3,000 per case plus ¥8,000 for each class 
6. Person requesting to intervene in proceedings of 
opposition to registration  ¥11,000 per case 
7. Person filing a petition for a hearing or rehearing ¥15,000 per case plus ¥40,000 for each 
class 
8. Person requesting to intervene in a hearing or rehearing 
 ¥55,000 per case 
 
__________