WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/TPR/M/217 
10 August 2009 
 (09-3846) 
Trade Policy Review Body 
24 and 26 June 2009  
 
 
 
TRADE POLICY REVIEW 
 
KINGDOM OF MOROCCO 
 
Record of the Meeting  
 
Chairperson:  HE Mr Istvan Major (Hungary) 
 
   Page 
 
I. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON 3 
II. OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPR ESENTATIVE OF THE KINGDOM OF 
MOROCCO 4 
III. STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT 8 IV. STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS 10 
V. REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE KINGDOM OF MOROCCO AND 
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS 37 
VI. FINAL REMARKS OF  THE CHAIRPERSON 46 
 
Note:   Advance written questions by WTO Me mbers and the replies provided by Morocco are 
reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/217/Add.1 and will be available online at:  
http://www.wto.org/english/tr atop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm. WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 3 
 
 
  I. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON 
1. The fourth Trade Policy Review of Morocco was held on 24 and 26 June 2009.  The 
Chairperson, HE Mr Istvan Major (Hungary), welcomed the delegation from Morocco, headed by 
HE Mr Abdellatif Maazoz, Minister of Foreign Trade, and the Discussant, HE Mr Luzius Wasescha (Switzerland).  As usual, the Discussant w ould speak in his personal capacity and not as a 
representative of his country. 
2. The Chairperson recalled the purpose of the Trad e Policy Reviews and the main elements of 
the procedures for the meeting.  The report by Morocco was contained in document WT/TPR/G/217 and that of the WTO Secretariat in WT/TPR/S/217. 
3. Questions by the following delegations of Memb ers had been submitted in writing at least 
two weeks in advance and had been transmitted to the delegation of Morocco:  Brazil;  Turkey;  the 
European Communities;  the United States of America;   Japan;  the Republic of Korea;  Hong Kong, 
China;  Canada;  and Argentina.  The questions, as well as the replies received from the delegation of 
Morocco, are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/217/Add.1. 
4. The delegations of Colombia, Mexico and I ndia had submitted written questions after the 
two-week deadline. 
5. The Chairperson noted that the documentation prepared for this Review indicated that, 
Morocco's economic reforms, including trade reform s, had contributed to annual growth of almost 
5 per cent in its economy since 2002.  Morocco had ta ken steps to liberalize its services sector and 
had somewhat diversified its economy.  Its overall average applied MFN tariff rate had been reduced 
by 13.2 percentage points.  However, its tariff struct ure remained complex, with the average rate still 
high at 20.2 per cent and even higher rates on agricultural products.  Moreover, Morocco's applied 
MFN tariff rates remained higher than some of the corresponding bound levels, and its VAT regime 
discriminated against imports of selected products.  He noted that the Secretariat report also emphasized Morocco's overlapping participation in various preferential trade agreements. WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 4  
 
  II. OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE KINGDOM OF 
MOROCCO 
6. I should like to say that it is a matter of particular satisfaction to the Moroccan delegation and 
to myself to undertake the fourth Review of Morocco's  trade policy with you today.  A Review that is 
taking place at a special juncture in the history of the multilateral trading system, with WTO Members 
experiencing the full impact of an unpr ecedented economic and financial crisis. 
7. The Members of our honourable Organization ha ve taken various steps to traverse this 
upheaval with as few negative effects as possible.  In this connection, we shall continue to do 
everything possible to maintain the "development dime nsion" of the round of ne gotiations launched in 
Doha in 2001. 
8. We take this opportunity to reaffirm our a ttachment to the multilateral system and its 
fundamental principles, which constitute th e cornerstone of Morocco's trade policy. 
9. We remain convinced that the Trade Policy Revi ew Mechanism (TPRM) is an important tool 
for transparency and that it can help to improve understanding of the trade policies of Member States.  
In fact, in 1989, Morocco was one of the first countries to volunteer for the GATT's Trade Policy 
Review Mechanism, thereby showing its belief in and attachment to this constructive mechanism. 
10. I trust that the reports drawn up by the WTO Secretariat and the Moroccan Government, 
respectively, have been sufficiently explicit to a llow Members to apprehend the key elements of our 
country's trade policy. 
11. Nevertheless, we remain at your disposal to pr ovide any further clarification, notably in reply 
to your questions during the session set aside for this purpose. 
12. The Moroccan Government is also determined to  take into account the relevant remarks made 
during this Review of its trade policy. 
13. In my introductory statement, I shall describ e the major developments in our trade policy 
since the previous Review in 2003. 
14. These developments are fully in line with Morocco's objectives:  boosting sustainable 
economic growth that creates jobs and raises its c itizens' living standards, within a liberal trade 
framework integrated into the world economy. 
15. Through its open trade policy, Morocco has been able to rein force the liberalization process, 
in particular, by continuing to reduce tariff pr otection, eliminating quantitative restrictions, 
streamlining foreign trade procedures, creating an  environment conducive to the development of 
business, investment and government procurement, and contributing to a stronger multilateral trading 
system. 
16. For non-agricultural products, for example, th e number of rates in Morocco's tariff schedule 
has been reduced from seven in 2002 to six in 2009.  By 2012, there will only be four rates.  In 2009, 
the maximum rate fell from 50 per cent to 35 per cent, and will be 25 per cent in 2012. 
17. Measures have also been introdu ced to adapt domestic legislation to the WTO's principles and 
rules, to enhance the institutional framework for consultation with the private sector, and to give the 
latter a larger role to play in economic development.  WT/TPR/M/217 
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  18. As regards investment, Morocco has signed sev eral bilateral agreements to promote and 
protect investment.  It has set up a Moroccan deve lopment investment agency, a national investment 
commission, 16 regional investment centres, a na tional committee to streamline investment-related 
procedures and a regional commission responsib le for certain financial transactions. 
19. In addition, the Investment Charter is a mechan ism that aims to promote domestic and foreign 
private investment, reduce the cost of investment and provide facilities both in terms of training of 
human resources, infrastructure and financial resour ces.  All these incentives ha ve been consolidated 
in the Finance Law. 
20. Turning to foreign trade, Law No. 13-89 and its  implementing texts have been amended in 
order to bring them into line with the commitments undertaken, particularly under the 
WTO Agreement on Agriculture and the Agreement on Safeguards. 
21. Furthermore, a few years ago, Morocco launched a series of structuring projects aimed at 
producing a leverage effect for the national economy. 
22. Large-scale infrastructure and public works programmes have been launched, for example, 
the Azur Plan for tourism, which concerns the de velopment of tourist areas, the Tanger Med project, 
which gives Morocco one of the largest container ports  in the world, the motorway plan, promotion of 
housing, particularly social housing, general rural el ectrification, as well as a national plan to develop 
energy, especially renewable energy. 
23. Since 2003, Morocco has also created border z ones, industrial estates and special activity 
zones for business services (Casa-shore and Rabat Tec hnopolis).  New integrated industrial platform 
projects are under way to provide equipment and su pport services throughout the different regions of 
the country, each according to its own sphere of competitiveness. 
24. In the telecommunications sector, Morocco's infra structure meets international standards and 
has a legislative framework that takes into account the technological developments required by the 
Internet and E-commerce.  Moroccan operators in th is field are starting to gain an international 
dimension by investing, particularly in Africa. 
25. Likewise, in transport and energy, Morocco h as undertaken extensive reforms in order to 
meet the challenges relating both to access to multim odal transport and achieving energy savings by 
2020. 
26. In this connection, the Moroccan Government ha s financed a series of programmes to develop 
economic sectors.  For example, the " Plan Émergence " (Emergence Plan) is being implemented as 
part of a public-private partnership embodied in the " Pacte national pour l'émergence industrielle " 
(National Pact for Industrial Development). 
27. The Plan's objective is to upgrade the country's  technological infrastructure for assisting and 
supporting businesses by creating integrated industrial platforms.  It targets in particular those 
industrial and services sectors considered to be  Moroccan global trades for which the country 
possesses a number of competitive advantages.  These not only include traditional sectors for 
Morocco such as textiles, the agri-food industry, ch emicals and phosphates, or fisheries products, but 
also sectors that are relatively new for my country, for example, automobiles, electronics, aeronautics 
and offshoring. 
28. In the area of agriculture, the aim of the " Plan Maroc Vert " (Morocco Green Plan) is to 
support small-scale farming, boost high-value added agriculture and develop the potential of clearly 
targeted agricultural sectors.  Some DH 150 billion of investment is planned over 10 years to WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 6  
 
  implement this Plan, which seeks at least to doubl e the income of farmer s and increase Morocco's 
GDP from DH 70 to 100 billion annually. 
29. The crafts sector has also set objectives to preserve its heritage, create jobs and increase its 
export turnover tenfold over a period of 10 years.  The Government's strategy is  to develop large-scale 
distribution and franchise networks so as to raise the Moroccan economy's international ranking.  At 
the horizontal level, Morocco has set an objective of achieving a threefold increase in exports over a 
period of 10 years up to 2018 by carrying out an  extremely ambitious promotion programme for 
priority sectors targeted at clearly defined markets.   The efforts made and the major projects launched 
by Morocco are starting to yield results and we hope that the best is yet to come. 
30. The performance of Morocco's economy has been globally positive over the period, with an 
annual rate of growth of 4.5 per cent in GDP from 2002 to 2007.  In 2008, growth was 5.6 per cent 
and we are expecting a figure of 5 per cent in 2009 despite the current problems in the international 
sphere.  The emergence of new sectors of activity has lessened the volatility of Morocco's growth and 
per capita GDP almost doubled over this period. 
31. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has also risen , from DH 6 billion in 2002 to a record level of 
DH 36.4 billion in 2007.  Since 2000, Morocco has been  one of the three countries in Africa to attract 
the most FDI. 
32. Government finance also shows a marked improvement in the principal fiscal indicators.  
Thus, the fiscal balance went from a deficit of 5.5 per cent of GDP in 2001 to a surplus of 0.2 per cent 
in 2007. 
33. Over the period 2002-2007, inflation was brought under control at around 1.9 per cent and the 
unemployment rate, which had been 11.6 per cent, fell to 9.8 per cent in 2007. 
34. Morocco's economy is increasingly open to the rest  of the world.  The openness rate, i.e. the 
ratio between foreign trade and GDP, rose from 65 per cent in 2002 to 90 per cent in 2008. 
35. In the present global financial crisis, Morocco's financial sector has not really suffered from 
the upheavals that have affected international fina ncial markets.  On the other hand, the current 
economic crisis has had an impact on the export sectors of Morocco's economy, such as textiles, 
automobiles, electronics and tourism.  Because of the problems in these sectors, Morocco has had to 
turn to measures to try to protect jobs and skills  and safeguard businesses from the effects of this 
global economic recession. 
36. The plan implemented combines incentives for diversifying markets, financing guarantees 
and social security and training for wage-earners .  These measures are continually monitored by a 
strategic monitoring committee composed of repr esentatives of the Government and the private 
sector. 
37. The opening up and liberalization adopted by Morocco has been underpinned by the 
conclusion of a certain number of free trade agreem ents (FTAs) both at the bilateral and regional 
levels. 
38. These agreements, which mostly come under the framework of regional economic integration, 
are consistent with the principles and rules of the multilateral trading system.  They make a decisive 
contribution to achieving the objectives of trade liberalization and opening up of our economy. 
39. At the multilateral level, I wish to reaffirm Morocco's attachment to the multilateral trading 
system and trade liberalization, which we deem be neficial to growth, development and the well being  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 7 
 
 
  of the population.  Nevertheless, we consider it ur gent to ensure that these advantages are distributed 
equitably among all countries and that efforts be ma de to adjust the balance rapidly in favour of 
developing countries. 
40. At the Sixth Ministerial Conference of the WTO, we agreed on an ambitious programme of 
work in order to respond to the concerns of de veloping countries.  It has to be acknowledged, 
however, that after four years the results are below our expectations and most of the deadlines have 
not been respected. 
41. As we move towards the Seventh Conference,  planned for December 2009, we note that 
certain differences continue to exist on issues such  as non-agricultural market access, but also sectoral 
initiatives, the erosion of preferences, tariff quotas and the establishment of lists of special and 
sensitive products in relation to agriculture.  Morocco is ready to make every effort to bridge these 
divergences and ensure that th e process under way moves ahead. 
42. I should also like to take this opportunity to call on WTO Members not to yield to the 
temptation of protectionism of any kind.  Complia nce with our multilateral and bilateral commitments 
also requires transparency vis-à-vis our partners  and streamlining and simplifying our foreign trade 
rules and procedures.  We are wo rking to this end in Morocco. 
43. Before concluding, I must reaffirm Morocco's  commitment to make its contribution to the 
great project of an open and fair multilateral trad ing system that is adap ted to the changes and 
requirements of the international environment. 
44. I should also like to reaffirm Morocco's determin ation to join its efforts to those of other 
Members of the WTO with a view to finding appr opriate solutions to the impact of the current 
economic and trade crisis while at the same time remaining convinced that a successful conclusion to 
the Doha Round is one way of counterin g the use of protectionist measures. WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 8  
 
  III. STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT (HE MR LUZIUS WASESCHA 
(SWITZERLAND)) 
45. Morocco is a country where the sun shines, even  in the economy the indicators are set fair.  
Good management and good macroeconomic govern ance have helped to achieve the positive 
macroeconomic performance in recent years:  aver age growth of 4.9 per cent from 2002 to 2007 and 
5.8 per cent in 2008;  per capita GDP doubled  between 2002 and 2007 and reached US$2,863;  
inflation of less than 3 per cent is under control.  All this shows that Moroccans' living standards are 
rising. 
46. The composition of trade means that there is a stru ctural deficit in the trade balance, but this 
is largely covered by the export earnings from ser vices and remittances by Moroccans living abroad. 
47. Morocco's leading trade partner is the EU, head ed by France.  This tradition is a result of 
history and creates a high degree of dependence which Morocco would find beneficial to rein back by diversifying its export markets.  This has been done  since 2003, but this trend should be encouraged 
and supported. 
48. Morocco can also pride itself on being an attr active destination for FDI, particularly in 
tourism, with 2007 being a record year (DH 36.4 billi on).  Here again, France is the major investor, 
followed by Spain, in accordance with tradition.  In  this connection, Morocco's policy of financial and 
tax incentives for investment in various sectors of the economy should be welcomed.  There has also 
been an improvement in the legal and institutional framework for investment following the creation of 
the Moroccan Investment Developm ent Agency and the introduction of the Investment Charter. 
49. Here again, it is continued reform with a vi ew to enhancing the business climate that has 
allowed this development.  These reforms must, however, continue if Morocco is to become a 
peaceful haven for investment in the future.  In the "Doing Business 2009" ranking by the World 
Bank, Morocco is only in an honourable 128
th place out of 181 and has only moved up one place in 
comparison with 2008 (129th).  Some sectoral indicators are nevertheless positive, for example, 
"starting a business" and "closing a business", where it is 62nd and 64th, respectively, out of 181.  In 
addition, at the regional level, the World Bank ranks  Morocco in first place in the Middle East and 
North Africa zone as regards reforms facilitating business. 
50. In the area of intellectual property, Morocco has adopted legal instruments that meet the 
highest international standards, particularly legisl ation on trademarks, geographical indications (GIs) 
and appellations of origin, patent s, copyright and related rights. 
51. The Government's trade facilitation efforts are yielding results.  According to the "trading 
across borders" indicator in the "Doing Business 2009" report, Morocco is in 64th place, not far behind 
the OECD average.  In fact, Morocco has simp lified and computerized customs procedures since 
2003, thereby enhancing transparency and lessening the time taken and the cost of formalities.  
Morocco must be encouraged to take a further step and introduce a "one-stop shop" as soon as 
possible, in accordance with the Government's plan. 
52. Morocco is an original Member of the WTO and grants at least MFN treatment to all its trade 
partners.  In addition, it has built up a wide network of regional and bilateral free trade and 
preferential agreements, making it well integrated and giving it broad trade openness in the global 
economy.  On the other hand, this web of agreemen ts makes Morocco's trade regime complicated and 
less predictable for economic operators. 
53. As far as tariff policy is concerned, we welcome the progress made by Morocco in recent 
years to lower and bind its customs duties at an average of 42 per cent, which is nevertheless a  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 9 
 
 
  relatively high level of protection.  There are s till problems, however, as regards observance of tariff 
commitments because the rates applied are much higher than the rates bound for some 1,300 tariff lines.  Moreover, the differentiated application of internal taxes such as VAT "internally" and "to 
imports" jeopardizes respect for the principle of national treatment.  I therefore encourage our 
Moroccan friends to reform their tariff system by  simplifying the tariff structure and abolishing 
variable duties.  There is also  a need to reform the VAT. 
54. As far as sectoral policies are concerned, ser vices still play the leading role in Morocco's 
economy and Morocco is a net exporter, with tourism as the first source of foreign currency.  The key 
to success resides in an incentiv e policy combined with liberalization of air transport.  
Telecommunications have also developed strongly,  notably as a result of keener competition.  
Liberalization efforts still need to be made in rail and road transport and postal services. 
55. The agricultural sector only makes a minor contri bution to the GDP, but employs a large part 
of the population.  It remains an over-protect ed sector, with duties of over 300 per cent ad valorem .  
The Government wants to develop this potentially very competitive sector, which has a competent and 
cheap labour force and is close to export markets.   This pro-active agricultural development should 
have long-term effects on growth  in GDP and poverty reduction, wh ich is in itself a praiseworthy 
objective. 
56. Competitiveness in Morocco's manufacturing sector , however, particularly in textiles and 
leather, suffers from low labour productivity and high wages. 
57. In conclusion, today's Review enables us to discover a country that has assets and knows how 
to use them to best effect, a country which is  carrying out a stable and reasoned economic policy 
based on good governance a nd opening up to the world. WT/TPR/M/217 
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  IV. STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS 
BRAZIL 
 
58. Brazil would like to congratulate Morocco on the significant achievements in the area of 
macroeconomic management and trad e policy.  Among the remarkable results attained over the period 
of this TPR, it is worth citing the reversal of past  structural fiscal deficits, the significant increase in 
the inflow of FDI, the low inflation and, of cour se, the average GDP growth of 4.5 per cent.  The 
positive performance of Morocco's economy also re duced the unemployment rate and improved the 
standard of living of its citizens.  T hose substantial outcomes deserve praise. 
59. Since its previous Trade Policy Review, in 2003,  Morocco's total trade with Brazil practically 
quadrupled, from US$428 million to US$1.65 billion in 2008.  Those figures correspond to very 
impressive growth and confirm that both countries  have been able to explore the potential for 
expanding bilateral trade.  While Brazilian exports  over that same period more than doubled, from 
US$226 to US$511 million, Morocco's exports to Brazil increased more than fivefold:  from US$202 million to US$1.1 billion. 
60. Our bilateral trade is reasonably diversified in terms of products, the agricultural and the 
chemical sector being the main beneficiaries.  Brazil's main exports to Morocco comprise sugar, 
soyabeans, corn, wood, iron and steel products and transport vehicles, among others.  Morocco's main 
exports to Brazil include fertilizers – an important input for Brazilian agriculture - and other chemical 
products, fish products, textiles and,  of course, Moroccan couscous. 
61. We believe that there is still potential for furt her strengthening of our bilateral trade and 
economic ties.  In that light, we welcome Morocc o's engagement in the São Paulo Round of the 
Global System of Trade Preferences among Developi ng Countries (the GSTP).  With the political 
support of Morocco and Brazil, the 22 participants w ill be able to conclude those negotiations in the 
near future and reap the benefits of that importa nt instrument for South-South trade and cooperation. 
62. Another avenue to explore in trying to expand our bilateral trade further is, of course, the 
Doha Round.  We are pleased to notice in the Gove rnment report that, like Brazil, Morocco attributes 
a high priority to the conclusion of the Doha Round and to the strengthening of the multilateral 
trading system.  Moreover, with regard to the curre nt economic juncture, let me also say that Brazil 
shares Morocco's view that the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) will help to mitigate the negative 
impacts of the current crisis on all our economies and provide positive signals to market agents. 
TURKEY 
 
63. Turkey and Morocco are enjoying excellent rela tions stemming from their shared history and 
geography in the Mediterranean.  Currently, our economies share certa in features, for example, the 
central role played by agriculture  in terms of employment, tourism as an important source of revenue, 
textiles playing a major role among export products. 
64. In addition to a number of bilateral agreements , we have in place an FTA that entered into 
force in 2006.  The agreement was re viewed at the appropriate committe e in this house.  Partly as a 
result of the boost the agreement provided, bila teral economic and commerc ial relations between 
Turkey and Morocco have been on an upward trend. 
65. While this agreement proved its value in cr eating broader opportunities for both countries, 
both Turkey and Morocco consider it as compleme ntary to their multilateral commitments under the 
WTO.  WT/TPR/M/217 
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  66. The volume of trade has steadily grown since th e third Review of Morocco in 2003.  It 
reached the level of US$1.3 billion at the end of 2008.  In the said period, our imports from Morocco increased fivefold compared with 2003, and reached  US$360 million.  While Morocco is an important 
market for our steel products, it is also a source of fertilizers for our agriculture. 
67. We also continue to contribute to the infrast ructure development in Morocco as the total value 
of the projects undertaken by Turkish comp anies has reached nearly US$1.4 billion. 
68. Besides the bilateral front, we also have a good partnership with Morocco in EuroMed 
Cooperation, the so called Barcelona Process, in vari ous fields such as rules of origin and establishing 
a Euro-Mediterranean wide free trade area for goods and services. 
69. As noted in the 2003 TPR, various structural re forms have continued to lead to the positive 
overall performance of the Moroccan economy, with an  average growth rate of 4.5 per cent between 
2002 and 2007 and 5.8 per cent growth recorded in 2008.   We believe that this growth may be partly 
attributed to the liberalization of the trade re gime, and encourage the Moroccan Government to 
continue reforms in various fields. 
70. Morocco has been an active contributor to the multilateral process, as the then coordinator of 
the African Group, for the conclusion of several  agreements under this roof such as the TRIPS 
Agreement.  It still has an important role to play  among the African countries with a view to reaching 
an early conclusion to the Doha Round. 
71. We share several concerns of Morocco in this round, for example, erosion of preferences as a 
result of the NAMA negotiations.  Similarly, we also closely follow up the trends with regard to trade 
in textiles. 
72. In this context, we welcome developments w ith regard to trade policy.  Among them, we 
must mention establishment of an automated cust oms database and furthe r reduction of average 
customs duties by 13.2 per cent over the past seven years.  Similarly,  we are also pleased to note that 
Morocco will continue to simplify its tariff structure,  with the number of different rates being further 
reduced until 2012. 
73. However, we also hope that, as part of the reform process, Morocco will address those 
remaining customs duties applied over the bound tariff rates despite the consid erable decrease in the 
number of such tariff lines.  Similarly, the nationa l treatment principle should also be ensured with 
regard to the VAT system as applied to local and imported products. 
EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
 74. I should first like to recall that the EU is Moro cco's major trade partner, accounting for almost 
60 per cent of its foreign trade. 
75. Trade flows and investment between the EU  and Morocco have seen sustained growth, 
boosted in particular by bilateral and regional cooperation that is well established at the political level. 
76. Morocco and the EU are curre ntly discussing closer trade relations in the services and 
agricultural sectors. 
77. The overall objective of this cooperation is to boost regional integration within the framework 
of the EuroMed trade partnership. WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 12  
 
  78. Let us now look at Morocco's trade policy.  Si nce the previous Review in 2003, Morocco has 
shown strong and stable economic growth.  Naturally , it has not been completely immune from the 
impact of the current stagnation of the global econo my.  Nevertheless, it appears able to avoid the 
worst effects, particularly because its agriculture is doing well – provided that the macroeconomic and 
structural reforms undertaken since the early 2000s are not called into question. 
79. Morocco's current successes are al so attributable to continued privatization, reforms in the 
services sector (particularly finance and transpor t), as well as the initiation of major infrastructure 
projects. 
80. With regard to the trade and investment regi me in particular, Morocco has also achieved 
substantial progress in making it more open and transparent.  For example, customs rates have been 
lowered, certain export restrictions have been  abolished and customs procedures streamlined. 
81. As regards the Doha Round, we welcome Morocco's attachment to its conclusion. 
82. We support that major objective, but we app eal to Morocco to in troduce the necessary 
changes to ensure better compliance with its commitments on bindings and customs valuation 
obligations. 
83. The VAT regime is also raising concern with re gard to the principle of national treatment.  
Two parallel regimes are currently in force in Mo rocco – one for locally produced goods and services 
and another for imports. 
84. These two regimes are based on different methods  of calculating the taxable base and include 
different exemptions.  We therefore hope to see Mo rocco revise this system so as to eliminate all 
discriminatory elements and make it more uniform. 
85. I should also like to lay emphasis on the importance of going even further in liberalizing the 
government procurement sector.  The new legislative framework for awarding government procurement contracts introduced in 2007 clearly marks a step forward in terms of rationalizing 
procedures, transparency and stronger competition. 
86. On the other hand, it has reaffirmed the prefer ence that may be given to Moroccan businesses.  
We should like to encourage Morocco to introdu ce the highest standards of openness and consider 
acceding to the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement. 
87. I should also like to call on the Moroccan aut horities to withstand pressures for protectionist 
use of trade measures.  In this connection, I am  referring to the safeguard measures on imports of 
ceramic tiles, which have been extended although in principle they were supposed to expire in 
November last year. 
88. We are also concerned because both as regards substance and procedure these measures do 
not appear to be consistent with Morocco's WTO obligations. 
89. In conclusion, we welcome the Moroccan au thorities' recognition of the vast opportunities 
which gradual and reciprocal opening up of mark ets has given to Morocco and to its businessmen. 
90. Morocco has set itself an ambitious goal of doubling its exports between 2009 and 2015.  
Perhaps the Moroccan delegation could give us so me further details on the strategic plan for 
developing and promoting exports prepared for this purpose.  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 13 
 
 
  91. In order to derive even greater benefits from trade at the global and regional levels and thus 
achieve its declared goal of strong employment -generating economic growth, it is essential for 
Morocco to establish a trade framewo rk that is open, predictable and transparent.  Naturally, the trade 
policy measures adopted for this purpose must not i gnore social and environmen tal considerations.  I 
should like to assure the Moroccan delegation of the EU's technical and financial support in order to 
achieve its sustainable development. 
UNITED STATES 
 
92. The United States and Morocco enjoy a close, enduring friendship and partnership across a 
range of issues based on shared values and principl es.  I am pleased to note that Morocco is my 
country's oldest and closest ally in the region.  Morocco was the first country to seek diplomatic 
relations with the Government of the United States in 1777, and formal United States relations with 
Morocco date from 1787, when our two nations nego tiated a Treaty of Peace and Friendship.  The 
Treaty, renegotiated in 1836, is still in force, a nd constitutes the longest unbroken treaty relationship 
in the United States history. 
93. The United States and Morocco regularly cons ult with each other on issues of mutual 
importance and both Governments recognize the valu e of continued cooperation on such issues, 
including international trade.  We also look forward to ongoing cooperation with Morocco in multilateral forums, including the WTO.  Morocco continues to demonstrate its commitment to the 
principles espoused by this Organization. 
94. In addition to being an active player here in  Geneva, Morocco has negotiated bilateral FTAs 
with trading partners, including the United States.  The United States-Morocco FTA entered into force 
on 1 January 2006, immediately eliminating duties on more than 95 per cent of all goods and services.  
In the three years since the FTA's implementation,  two-way trade has more than doubled, a greater 
number of United States investors have established a presence in Morocco, and the United States Government has invested heavily in targeted technical assistance a nd capacity-building in order to 
ensure that Morocco benefits from the commercial pa rtnership.  In addition to providing for greater 
judicial transparency and stricter accounting sta ndards, the FTA provides a high level of intellectual 
property protection, including enhanced protection for trademarks and digital copyrights, expanded 
protection for patents and product approval in formation and tough penalties for piracy and 
counterfeiting. 
95. We support Morocco's efforts to negotiate ag reements like our own that complement and 
reinforce the multilateral trading system. 
96. Morocco's commitment to using trade to e nhance its economic development has paid 
important dividends.  As Morocco's report notes, th e country has enjoyed significant gains in GDP 
growth rates and in average per capita GDP in r ecent years.  The United States supports Morocco's 
economic development by providing direct foreig n assistance to aid the Moroccan people.  For 
example, in August 2007, the United States and Morocco signed a Millenni um Challenge Compact 
totalling US$697.5 million to be paid out over five years.  The Compact was designed to stimulate 
economic growth by increasing productivity and improving employment in high-potential sectors, such as artisanal crafts and fishing.  The Un ited States Agency for International Development 
(USAID) has managed an active and effective assi stance programme in Morocco since 1953.  Our 
approach aims to create additional opportunities for trade and investment. 
97. Morocco has also seen substantia l increases in FDI over the past several years.  This is 
attributable in no small part to its policy of de veloping a transparent and predictable investment 
climate and of promoting Morocco as a welcoming place for foreign investors. WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 14  
 
  98. Morocco has embarked on an ambitious plan to  expand its international trade, including by 
building a strong and active export promotion agen cy that is dedicated to educating Moroccan 
exporters to find and navigate international markets.   We applaud and encourage Morocco's efforts in 
this direction. 
99. Morocco has been an active participant in the plurilateral negotiations for an 
Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement.  We welcom e Morocco's leadership in this important 
endeavour as a developing country pa rticipating in these negotiations. 
100. We commend Morocco for its support for and co mmitment to the multilateral trading system 
and its efforts to promote global trade liberali zation.  Morocco's report notes the importance it 
attaches to a successful conclusion to the Doha Rou nd.  We look forward to working closely with 
Morocco toward that end. 
101. While Morocco has demonstrated its commitment to global trade liberalization, some issues 
remain.  We note that Morocco continues to main tain applied tariff rates that exceed its WTO bound 
rates, and we urge Morocco to bring its applied ra tes into line with its WTO bindings.  We are also 
concerned about Morocco's impositi on of variable rates and non- ad valorem  rates in some cases 
where its bindings are ad valorem .  We take note of the Secretaria t's conclusion that, apart from the 
tariff structure and the use of variable duties, "t he problem stems above all from the imposition of 
tariffs at rates higher than the bound rates".  We ur ge Morocco to consider seriously the Secretariat's 
advice that tariff reform would help Morocco k eep its commitments and would further simplify 
Morocco's trade regime.  The Secr etariat states that domestic tax reform, among others, would help 
Morocco consolidate its reforms in areas such as tourism and telecommunications, areas in which 
Morocco's commitments lag behind its already-achieve d liberalization efforts.  Taken together with 
bold tax reforms, the Secretariat further notes that  taking on such commitments would help Morocco 
enhance the transparency, predictability and credib ility of its trade regime.  We agree with this 
assessment. 
102. The Secretariat also cites Morocco for having fallen behind with its WTO notifications in 
various fields.  For example, Morocco made its la test notification on agriculture in January 2005 and 
that notification covered only calendar year 2002.  Morocco's most recent notification on quantitative 
restrictions dates from 2002.  We hope that Morocco  will improve its WTO notification practices in 
the near term. 
103. Other areas of concern involve Morocco's customs practices and export promotion schemes.  
We have asked Morocco to respond to these and ot her issues of interest, and we look forward to 
examining the Government's responses. 
JAPAN 
 
104. I would like to begin with the economic policy and environment in Morocco.  In response to 
the global economic and financial downturn, th e Moroccan economy has been affected by a 
significant drop-off in demand for major exporting industries and tourism.  However, it is still 
expected to sustain relatively solid GDP growth this year.  According to Morocco's High Planning 
Commission, GDP growth in 2009 is expected to reach 6.7 per cent.  Japan understands that this 
expected growth is attributable to measures ta ken by the Government, such as increases in the 
minimum wage implemented in 2008 and 2009, reduc tion in income tax, and an increase in spending 
on public construction.  Japan welcomes the res ilience of the Moroccan economy, and hopes that it 
will continue to develop steadily. 
105. With respect to trade policies, Japan would like to note that Morocco is one of the original 
Members of the WTO and has been playing an active part in the DDA negotiations.  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 15 
 
 
  106. Having said that, Japan would like to raise th ree issues where the business environment in 
Morocco could improve:  intellectual property rights;   customs administration;  and human resources 
development. 
107. Firstly, according to the Secretariat's report, among the most common violations of 
intellectual property rights in Morocco are counte rfeiting and piracy of trademarks.  The Japanese 
Government continues to hear of some cases of  counterfeiting from Japanese companies operating in 
Morocco.  At the same time, we appreciate the improvements in the lega l framework relating to 
intellectual property and the establishment of C ONPIAC (the National Industrial Property and 
Anti-Counterfeiting Committee), which began its opera tions in April 2008.  Japan hopes that the 
Moroccan Government will continue its efforts on  the legal framework against infringement of 
intellectual property rights, as well as strengthen the enforcement of law to prevent the counterfeiting 
of goods. 
108. The second issue relates to adver se effects resulting from customs corruption.  We have heard 
complaints from some Japanese companies operating in  Morocco in this regard.  According to the 
Global Competitiveness Report 2008-2009, published by the World Economic Forum, business 
executives regard "corruption" as the most probl ematic factor for doing business in Morocco.  
Corruption in trade is likely to result in a loss to Moroccan wealth which would otherwise be gained.  
The Moroccan Government rightly set up the "Centr al Body for the Prevention of Corruption (ICPS)" 
to tackle this problem.  Japan hopes for further e fforts by the Moroccan Gove rnment to improve the 
situation. 
109. Thirdly and finally, not only for an improved bu siness environment, but also for the overall 
successful development of Moro cco, the Japanese Government considers that human resources 
development is one of the essential factors.  The "National Human Development Initiative (INDH)", launched by His Majesty King Mohammed VI in 2005, ma kes this issue a central pillar.  The Japanese 
Government is ready to support the efforts made  by the Moroccan Government, through economic 
cooperation, believing that they will bring increased prosperity to Morocco. 
110. In conclusion, Japan would like to reiterate its  hope that Morocco will continue to promote 
trade liberalization and structural reform in orde r to benefit from the multilateral trading system.  
Japan sincerely hopes that useful discussion and oral and written responses today and on Friday will 
help Members understand Morocco's needs for its sustainable economic development through 
investment and trade. 
REPUBLIC OF KOREA 
 
111. In reviewing the reports provided, the Republic of Korea notes the remarkable progress made 
by Morocco since the previous Review.  It commends  Morocco for its outstanding track record, which 
includes, among others:  average annual rate of gr owth of 4.5 per cent over the years 2002 to 2007, 
and an even higher figure of 5.8 per cent for th e year 2008;  near doubling of its per capita GDP 
during the period;  successful fiscal reform resulting in a turnaround of a deficit of 3.9 per cent of the 
GDP to a surplus of 0.7 per cent of GDP;  reduction in total debt;  and a successful check on inflation 
rates. 
112. It is clear that Morocco has done many things right, and its success showcases what 
developing countries can do under a stable, enlighten ed, and determined leadership, with a clear 
vision and blueprint in hand for economic devel opment that incorporates effective measures for 
structural reform and a clear strategy for progressi ve liberalization of its trading and investment 
regimes. WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 16  
 
  113. In line with Morocco's commitment to economic reform and progressive liberalization of its 
economy, the economic relations between the Repub lic of Korea and Morocco have developed and 
matured over the years.  Since 2003, the volume of bilateral trade has registered double-digit growth, 
and currently the bilateral trade figures have appr oached the US$600 million per year level.  Two-way 
trade shows a complementary relationship whereb y the Republic of Korea exports manufactured 
goods while importing primary goods essential for su stained economic activity.  The Republic of 
Korea highly values its current economic relations with Morocco, and hopes that both sides will make 
further endeavours to develop and nurture this relationship continuously.  Without a doubt, my 
country offers Morocco with unimpeded and unlimite d access to the vibrant North-East Asian region, 
while Morocco provides Korean investors and ex porters ease of access into the North African and 
Mediterranean region. 
114. Morocco has done many things right since th e last review as the macroeconomic figures 
indicate.  However, from the Korean perspective, th ere are some aspects of its trading regime which 
could be further improved.  Hoping that the Moro ccan delegation could further elucidate us on those 
matters during the second day, please allow me to point out some of them today. 
115. Firstly, we note that Morocco's tr ade is heavily concentrated with a few countries in Europe.  
While the geographical proximity would point to this inevitable result, my delegation is of the view that, in the long run, greater diversification of its trading partners will further expand the growth 
potential of Morocco.  On this note, we wonder if  the various preferential agreements signed by 
Morocco are part of its efforts to diversify its trad ing regime, i.e. its proposed  solution, or the root 
cause of this phenomenon.  It would be inter esting to hear Moroccan views on this issue. 
116. Secondly, my delegation notes that, while Moro cco's tariffs are already generally high, 
relatively high "other duties and taxes" are added on  to the tariffs.  Furthermore, we note from the 
Secretariat report that in many cases "parafiscal impor t taxes" and value-added taxes of up to 20 per 
cent are further added on to imports.  We believe th ese levels on aggregate are quite high, higher than 
for other Members in similar circumstances.  On  this item, we wonder how Morocco assesses this 
situation. 
117. Thirdly, recently we have been informed that  as a direct consequence of the EU-Morocco 
Association Agreement, the difference in the tariff rate for automobiles manufactured in EU countries 
and non-EU countries has steadily increased since 2002.  As of today, the difference in the tariff rate 
for cars produced in the EU and those produced in no n-EU countries stands at 13.5 per cent;  we have 
been informed that this differen ce is expected to increase further to 20.8 per cent in the year 2011.  
Faced with this insurmountable imbalance in th e competitive environment, the importers of non-EU 
manufactured cars have formed a dedicated organization (" Groupement des Importateurs de 
Véhicules pour l'Équité Tarifaire ", GIVET) in their attempts to remedy the situation. 
118. While a difference in tariff ra tes between a contracting party to a FTA and a non-contracting 
party to the FTA is understandable, the situation non-EU car manufacturers face in Morocco seems to 
be much graver than the norm.  As such, I would like to enquire if Moro cco has plans to further 
reduce its MFN applied rates on automobiles, or ma y defer the scheduled reduction of tariff rates on 
automobiles under the EC-Morocco Association Agreement. 
HONG KONG, CHINA 
 
119. Morocco and Hong Kong, China have maintained  very good trade relations.  The bilateral 
trade between the two economies increased by an en couraging annual average rate of 19.6 per cent 
between 2004 and 2008, and we look forward to the continuation of this trend over the longer term.  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 17 
 
 
  120. Turning to trade policies, we note from the Secretariat and Government reports that services 
are by far the major contributor to Morocco's economy, accounting for about 70 per cent of its GDP.  Given the importance of services to its economy, a con tinued effort to liberalize trade in services will 
be crucial for its further economic  growth and sustainable development.  We welcome Morocco's 
initiatives and efforts to introduce regulatory reform s and liberalization measures in different service 
sectors, particularly tourism and the infrastructure sectors of telecommunication services and 
maritime transport services. 
121. Specifically on maritime transport, we note from the Secretariat report that this sector is of 
significant importance to Morocco's economy as 98 per cent of its foreign trade transits by sea.  We 
commend Morocco for its efforts in undertaking a seri es of reforms to liberalize its maritime transport 
since 2006, and its initial offers to make commitm ents on some international maritime transport 
services.  We believe that further liberalizati on would not only enhance Morocco's capability and 
efficiency in the maritime transport services and related sectors, but also accelerate general economic 
growth. 
122. On the whole, we encourage Morocco to keep up its liberalization efforts, and to consider 
undertaking further commitments in its next offers so as to consolidate its reforms and liberalization 
efforts. 
123. On trade in goods, we appreciate Morocco's effo rts in reforming its customs tariffs since 2002 
and that the average tariff rate in 2008 has b een reduced to 20.2 per cen t, representing a drop of 
13.2 per cent from the 2002 level.  We are also pleas ed to note that reforms are under way to further 
reduce the MFN tariff rate.  On the debit side, we note from the Secretariat report that Morocco's 
MFN applied tariff comprises 42 different rates.  Also , there exists a gap of 21.8 per cent between its 
average applied and bound rates in  2009, and the applied rates of some 1,300 tariff lines, representing 
18.5 per cent of total tariff lines, are still above the bound rates.  We would encourage Morocco to 
simplify its tariff structure and follow the bound rates so as to provide greater certainty to traders. 
124. On standards and technical regulations, we appreci ate that the majority of Morocco's technical 
standards are based on international standards, and that the standards which become technical 
regulations are applied indiscriminately to fore ign and domestic products.  Morocco has separately 
signed two mutual recognition agreements on confor mity assessment with Tunisia and Egypt.  We 
encourage Morocco to engage more in the deve lopment of mutual recognition agreements which 
could facilitate the free flow of goods. 
125. Finally, we would also like to encourage Moro cco to continue its efforts to improve its 
notifications to the WTO on subjects such as Stat e-trading enterprises so as to provide greater 
transparency. 
CANADA 
 
126. Canada recognizes Morocco both as an emerging country and as a key partner in mutually 
beneficial economic and trade relations.  Since 2003, trade relations between Canada and Morocco 
have gradually become stronger a nd more diversified, even though di rect investment is still at a 
modest level.  From 2003 to 2008, the value of b ilateral trade in goods between Canada and Morocco 
more than doubled, reaching US$424 million in 2008.  Ov er the same six years, the value of Canada's 
exports to Morocco almost tripled, amounting to  US$286 million in 2008.  Between 2007 and 2008, 
the increase was over 25 per cent. 
127. In recognition of this potential, Morocco and Ca nada decided to have exploratory discussions 
with the aim of developing their trade relations.  A Moroccan delegation visited Canada in early June 
to discuss the possibility of an FTA. WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 18  
 
  128. As one of the original Members of the WTO, Morocco has supported the multilateral system 
since its very early days and Canada pays tribute to its active and construc tive participation in the 
multilateral trade negotiations.  It notes, however, th at Morocco is not party to any of the WTO's 
plurilateral agreements and would welcome its accession to the Agreement on Government 
Procurement. 
129. Canada notes that Morocco grants MFN treatment  to all its trade partners and that it has 
bound all its tariff lines.  Nevertheless, it wishes  to emphasize that, although the situation has 
improved since 2002, Morocco continues to apply rates that are higher than its bound rates for 1,373 of its tariff lines (compared with 5,887 in 2002).  In Canada's view, this practice goes against the 
principle of tariff binding.  Canada would request Morocco to explain the reasons justifying such a 
practice, as well as the steps it intends to take in order to end it. 
130. Canada is also concerned at Morocco's dela y in submitting notifications, particularly in 
relation to agriculture, for which the latest notifi cation available concerning tariff quotas dates back to 
2002.  This situation puts Morocco behind the majority  of countries of the same size, with a delay of 
at least five years. 
131. Canada notes with concern that Morocco is to  increase its customs duty on common wheat for 
the period June to December 2009 and on durum wh eat for the months of June and July.  Canada 
urges Morocco to resist protectionist pressures and pursue its efforts to liberalize trade, despite the 
current global economic situation.  Canada firmly believes that trade is the best way of ensuring 
ongoing economic growth. 
132. Morocco has also been able to take the measures needed to enhance its commercial 
attractiveness, particularly for foreign investment .  Canada views very positively the creation of 
regional investment centres and the Maroc Expor t programme, which will help to enhance the 
business climate and establish conditions conducive to private investment.  Privatization and 
continued reforms will also help to improve the cer tainty and predictability of the business climate for 
importers, exporters and investors. 
133. Canada congratulates Morocco on its strong ov erall economic performance since 2003, and 
for its ambitious strategic objectives, noting that positive economic growth, gr adual liberalization of 
trade, political stability and the sound macroec onomic reforms introduced will contribute towards 
Morocco's prosperity.  Canada also welcomes ot her positive initiatives taken by Morocco such as the 
Emergence Plan, the Morocco Gr een Plan and the Azur Plan, which assist macroeconomic 
strengthening and stabilization, as well as structural and institutional reform. 
134. Canada appreciates Morocco's efforts to ma ke its economy more open and transparent and 
urges it to continue along this path.  It partic ularly encourages Morocco to continue or undertake 
action to reform and simplify its tariff structure,  comply with its bound tariffs and revise its taxation 
system. 
135. In conclusion, Canada would like to menti on the progress made by Morocco in terms of 
economic efficiency and integration into the gl obal economy since its previous Review.  Canada 
encourages Morocco to pursue its effo rts in this respect, particularly within the Arab Maghreb Union.  
Lastly, Canada welcomes the opportunity for a constructive exchange of views on all aspects of 
Morocco's trade policy. 
ARGENTINA 
 136. We have carefully examined the reports by th e Secretariat and the Government of Morocco 
and take note of the macroeconomic and structur al reforms, including those affecting trade,  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 19 
 
 
  implemented by Morocco since the previous Review of  its trade policy in 2003.  These have helped to 
achieve the growing diversifica tion of its economy and its positiv e performance overall, with an 
annual average rate of GDP growth of 4.5 per cent over the period 2002-2007 and 5.7 per cent in 
2008.  We also note with satisfaction that per capita GDP has almost doubled. 
137. We also note with satisfaction that Morocco's ec onomy has diversified, with an important and 
globally increasing contribution to GDP by the ser vices sector and tourism as the main source of 
foreign currency. 
138. We welcome the fact that since 2003 Morocco h as adopted trade facilitation measures, raising 
the level of computerization of customs procedures to over 90 per cent. 
139. Nevertheless, we should like briefly to draw attention to  certain aspects of Morocco's trade 
policy that Argentina views with some concern. 
140. For example, we note that Morocco has delays in  notifications in some areas, particularly 
agriculture.  We urge Morocco to remedy this situation. 
141. We also regret that agricultural products are s ubject to a higher tariff (an average of 44.5 per 
cent) than non-agricultural products (16.3 per cent), both as regards the applied and bound levels, and 
that variable duties apply to some agricultu ral products (37 l0-digit lines in the HS). 
142. In this context, Argentina is concerned that agriculture, a sector of key importance for 
developing countries, continues to be the most highl y protected sector and that variable duties apply 
to cereals and sugar, which appears to be contrary to the Agreement on Agricult ure, while at the same 
time a number of financial and tax concessions are granted. 
143. Despite the foregoing, we wish to congratulat e Morocco on the fact that stronger protection 
has been given to new plant varieties with the entr y into force of the International Convention for the 
Protection of New Varieties of Plants for Morocco on 8 October 2006. 
144. It is a matter of concern to us that the app lied customs duties continue to be higher than the 
bound rates for 1,373 tariff lines (compared with 5,887 in 2002) and that variable rates do not ensure observance of Morocco's commitments on tariff bindings. 
145. We also note that there are two tax regimes (one for domestic products and the other for 
imported products), which does not guarantee resp ect for the principle of national treatment. 
146. Bilateral trade between Argentina and Moro cco amounts to a total of approximately 
US$540 million, with a significant increase of 5.8 per cent over the latest period (2007-2008).  In this 
respect, Argentina expresses its interest in contin uing to strengthen bilateral trade relations. 
OMAN, ON BEHALF OF THE MEMBER ST ATES OF THE GULF COOPERATION 
COUNCIL (GCC)  
147. I am making this statement on behalf of GCC countries:  Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, 
Qatar, Oman and the United Arab Emirates. 
148. The macroeconomic and structural reforms pur sued by Morocco since the previous Trade 
Policy Review in 2003 have resulted in the grow ing diversification and positive overall performance 
of its economy.  The average annual rate of grow th in real GDP was 5.8 per cent in 2008 and per 
capita GDP nearly doubled to approximately US$2,426  in 2007.  Even though unemployment remains 
a major concern, it fell from 11 per cent in 2002 to 9.8 per cent in 2007. WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 20  
 
  149. The services sector's contribution to GDP is sizeable and increasing overall in Morocco's 
relatively diversified economy.  Tourism is the pr incipal source of foreign currency, followed by 
financial transfers from Moroccans resident abroad .  The manufacturing sector occupies second place 
in terms of its contribution to GDP, with phosphates,  clothing, machinery and transport equipment as 
the main exports.  The agricultural sector is the last in terms of contribution to the GDP. 
150. The European Community is still Morocco's le ading trade partner as regards imports and 
exports, with France being the main supplier and destination of goods. 
151. Morocco's investment regime is liberal, w ith most sectors open to private investment, 
including FDI.  The increase in FDI during the pe riod under review reached a record level of 
DH 37.6 billion in 2007, with tourism, real estate,  telecommunications, transport and industry as the 
main targeted sectors for FDI.  France is still the main investor, followed by Spain, the United Arab 
Emirates, the United Kingdom and Germany. 
152. Morocco is a member of the Pan-Arab Free Trade Area and since the previous Review it has 
concluded FTAs with Turkey and the United States,  and the Agadir Agreement.  Morocco is an 
original WTO Member, has a strong commitment to the multilateral trading system, and has been an 
active participant in the Doha negotiations.  It has participated actively and effectively in different 
negotiating groups such as those on agriculture , services, NAMA and trade facilitation.  The 
long-term objectives of Morocco's trade policy are very ambitious, with poverty and unemployment 
reduction, sustainable human development and im proving social well-being as its main objectives. 
MEXICO 
 153. We have noted that the macroeconomic and stru ctural reforms undertaken by Morocco have 
contributed towards the growing diversifica tion of its economy a nd to its positive overall 
performance, with an average annual rate of grow th in real GDP of 4.5 per cent over the period 
2002-2007, and 5.8 per cent in 2008.  According to estimates by the IMF, Morocco's GDP for this year is DH 609 billion (US$75 billion), with annual av erage growth of 4.4 per cent.  It should be 
noted that this growth has been underpinned, in pa rticular, by internal demand and by an increase in 
investment.  Nevertheless, the effects of the downt urn in foreign demand caused by the international 
financial and economic crisis are starting to be felt.  Unemployment continues to be one of the 
country's main concerns, even though it fell from 11 per cent in 2002 to 9.8 per cent in 2007. 
154. Monetary policy, together with Morocco's budgeta ry policy, has helped to ensure the stability 
of the national currency and keep inflation between 1.2 and 3.3 per cent annually over the period, 
although it rose to 3.9 per cent in 2008. 
155. We welcome Morocco's trade facilitation reform s.  Although import licences and permits are 
required (for reasons of safety, health, the e nvironment, or because products are covered by 
international agreements), Morocco has made conc rete progress towards facilitating trade since 2003.  
Customs procedures have been modified, in par ticular following the introduction of the BADR 
(computerized on-line customs database), which star ted to operate in January 2009.  This has raised 
the level of computerization of customs procedures to over 90 per cent. 
156. Trade facilitation benefits both g overnments and the private sector, in other words, importers 
and exporters.  In this respect, we share the objec tives sought by Morocco.  Mexico has an ambitious 
liberalization agenda, both as regards tariff reducti ons and other trade facilitation measures.  We 
believe that increasing trade is one of the best reme dies against the current economic crisis.  It is a 
matter of satisfaction to us to note that Morocco is working towards effici ent trade liberalization. 
157. In addition, there has been steady growth in  trade relations between Mexico and Morocco.  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 21 
 
 
  158. As regards trade in goods, according to Mexi can figures, total trade between Mexico and 
Morocco was five times larger in 2008 than in 19 92.  Mexico has a trade deficit with Morocco. 
159. According to Mexican data, Morocco has ge nerated FDI in Mexico.  Companies with 
Moroccan investment are active in manufacturing,  services and business.  Between January 1999 and 
June 2005, Morocco was the third largest African investor in Mexico. 
COLOMBIA 
 
160. This Review of Morocco's trade policy is an in teresting opportunity given to us to appraise 
the results achieved by a country which, accord ing to World Bank reports, has embarked upon a 
gradual but sound programme for human development and the libera lization of its trade policy over 
the past 30 years. 
161. The various reports and documents consulted pr ovide us with a relatively positive overview 
of Morocco, in which we would like to highlight th e following points:  the growing diversification of 
the economy and its positive overall performance, as a result of macroeconomic and structural 
reforms;  sustained economic grow th;  a reduction in the government deficit;  progress in trade 
facilitation, with the computerization of customs ser vices now covering 90 per cent of the procedures. 
162. A relatively diversified economy, with a growi ng contribution to GDP by the services sector 
overall, in which tourism plays a leading role. 
163. In general, the reforms since 2003 have shown a dynamic and open trade policy, even though 
there are some problems relating to the structur e of its tariff, strong sectoral protectionism 
(particularly in agriculture and agro-industry) and a VAT structure that penalizes imported goods. 
164. Thanks to its macroeconomic stability a nd budgetary situation, Morocco's economy 
performed well during the global crisis in 2008, even though during the second half and the first 
quarter of 2009 the effects of the crisis started to be  felt by the most exposed real sectors;  in 2008, 
Morocco's growth indicators remained at a positiv e level, while growth forecasts for 2009 remain 
encouraging. 
165. The World Bank's indicators show that Mo rocco's economy is well positioned among the 
134 countries covered in its annual report.  For 2009, the report shows the following: 
166. Morocco is in 72nd place for global competitiveness;  in 86th place for information technology;  
in 74th place for ease of doing business;  and in development of tourism it is 75th. 
167. Nevertheless, despite these positiv e aspects, there are some matt ers of concern for its trade 
partners, and we consider that the Moroccan authorities should focus their efforts on these: 
168. The problems in complying with commitments on binding and customs valuation because of 
the tariff protection given to the agricultural sector, in particular, and the app lication of customs duties 
that are higher than the bound levels. 
169. Delays in notifications, in particular, those relating to agriculture. 
170. Need to amend the tax system, especially VAT, in order to bring it into line with the WTO 
principle of national treatment. 
171. In the macroeconomic sphere, mention should be made of the following: WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 22  
 
  172. Job creation, because unemployment is still one of Morocco's main problems, even though it 
fell from 11 per cent in 2002 to 9.8 per cent in 2007. 
173. Disparity in income levels, because large sectors of the population are socially and 
economically marginalized. 
174. Fortunately, the Moroccan Government has rec ognized the need to accelerate change and the 
economy, together with reform of the judicial or der, education, agriculture, industry, energy and 
water, all form part of its political agenda. 
175. Colombia has a trade deficit with Morocco;  b ilateral relations have fluctuated, although in 
recent years they have become stronger and since 2005 Morocco has become Colombia's main trade 
partner in the Arab world.  Nevertheless, one of th e features of trade between the two countries is that 
it concerns commodities (coal in the case of Co lombia and phosphates and sulphates for Morocco), 
and for both countries it is highly concentrated. 
176. The year 2008 was important for bilateral trad e, which grew by 65.9 per cent compared with 
2007, a performance that can be explained by the ex traordinary growth in Colombia's imports from 
Morocco.  Colombia wishes to see trade continue to grow and be dive rsified in order to strengthen the 
trade links between the two countries. 
BAHRAIN 
 
177. This esteemed body is reminded that Morocco has been an active participant since joining the 
WTO.  Moreover, we appreciate Moroccan efforts,  noting the reforms and amendments of foreign 
trade policy adopted by Morocco including the tr ade policy economic reforms carried out by the 
Government of Morocco, as well as amendments to the customs regulations, intellectual property, 
financial regulation and trade facilitation.  Furt hermore, Morocco has fully committed itself to a 
policy of reform aimed at improving the investment  environment, more secure business relations, and 
modernization of the legal system in order to strength both the material and human capacity of 
judicial establishments. 
178. The economy has performed well and the average a nnual real GDP growth rate for the period 
2002-2007 was 4.5 per cent, as compared to 3.9 per cent for the period from 1996 to 2001.  This improvement was coupled with a significant decrease in volatility.  The standard of living of Moroccan citizens improved significantly during this  period, and average per capita GDP reached 
US$2,863 in 2007, which is more than double the US$1,245 recorded in 2002. 
179. The country is embarking on policies and m easures designed to promote investment and 
attract FDI, continuing to reduce tariff protection, and remove trade barriers and tariff restrictions, 
streamlining foreign trade procedures, efforts wh ich demonstrate a strong commitment to an open 
multilateral trading system.  Morocco adopted a tari ff reform covering produc ts under chapters 25 to 
97 of its Custom Tariff.  The aim of this reform is to reduce the maximum tariff to 25 per cent by 
2012 from the 40 per cent rate applied in 2008.  FD I has grown considerably from DH 6 billion in 
2002, it reached a record of DH 36.4 billion in 2 007 and the beneficiaries were essentially the 
tourism, real estate, telecommunications, transport and industrial sectors.  As a result, Morocco has 
become one of the three countries in Africa to attr act the most FDI and has accounted for an average 
of 9 per cent of FDI in the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa). 
180. Morocco pursued its policy of open trade by negotiating a series of FTAs with a number of 
partners such as Turkey, the United Arab Emirat es, and the United States of America, which 
contribute to strengthen the bilateral and regional trade exchanges.  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 23 
 
 
  181. The upward trend in national economic growth  has had a positive impact on employment.  
The unemployment rate sank from 11.6 per cent in 20 02 to 9.8 per cent in 2007, and the decrease was 
more marked in urban areas, where the rate fell fro m 18.03 per cent in 2002 to 15.4 per cent in 2007. 
182. Morocco enacted and implemented overwhelm ing and comprehensive successful trade 
policies, as is clear from the documents before us and the statement of HE the Minister. 
INDIA 
 
183. Trade is synonymous with Morocco's history.  Phoenicians established trading posts in 
1100 BC.  These functioned separately from the commun ities in the interior of the country.  Later, 
despite the demise of the Phoenician empire, the coastal trading posts only increased owing to the 
influx of refugees from Carthage.  Morocco's rich  past, coupled with a timeless present, makes it 
almost a magical mystery tour of su rprises and enchantment for visitors. 
184. Since the early 1990s, Morocco has pursued political and economic reforms.  These have 
placed Morocco in a better position to prepare itself for the challenges facing the country.  Last year, 
the IMF reported that Morocco had made major progress in recent years to increase economic growth 
and strengthen the economy's resilience to s hocks, although important challenges remain. 
185. We took note of the National Plan for the Deve lopment and Promotion of Exports unveiled by 
the Minister last month, aimed at maximizing e xports, encouraging greater cooperation with foreign 
partners and countering the anticipated downturn in 2009.  It has been reported that the downturn has 
impacted on tourism, remittances and exports.  There have also been reports of job losses in textiles, 
electronics, mechanics and the automobile industry. 
186. The IMF recommendation to Morocco calling for co ntinued structural reforms will be crucial 
to medium-term growth prospects and the reduction of  unemployment and is very timely and relevant.  
It has been pointed out that investment and refo rms in the agricultural sector will be important to 
buffer Morocco from international prices, and ensure  that the sector serves as a source of economic 
growth.  Likewise, education reforms are needed  to boost productivity and living standards, and 
infrastructure investment will help to reduce costs.  Morocco has also been en couraged by the IMF to 
advance on trade liberalization, in particular on lowering its general tariffs, as pointed out this 
morning by many delegations. 
187. We appreciate the great importance Morocco attaches to conclusion of the DDA for setting up 
an open and fair multilateral trading system capable  of reviving the growth and development of the 
world economy.  Obviously, with Marrakesh as the birthplace of the Agreement establishing our 
Organization, Morocco has more than system ic interest in further strengthening it. 
188. India was an active supporter of the Moroccan freedom movement and within a year of its 
independence opened the Mission in Rabat.  I ndia and Morocco have established institutional 
arrangements for further enhancing bilateral c ooperation in diverse areas.  Recent years have 
witnessed an intensive exchange of visits, gr owth and deeper economic, trade and cultural 
engagement between our countries.  Several Indian  companies are active in  Morocco and are present 
there, inter alia , in fertilizers, chemicals, transport, in formation technology, pharmaceuticals, and 
tourism.  Indo Maroc Phosphore S.A. (IMACID), Mo rocco, is a flagship joint venture and we hope 
many will follow in the coming years.  Since 1997-1998, 56 Moroccans have benefited from India's 
Technical and Economic Cooperation programme. 
189. India–Morocco trade is approximately US$1.7 b illion, with a balance hugely in favour of 
Morocco on account of Indian imports of phosphoric acid and phosphates.  Indian exports to Morocco 
include inputs for textiles, machinery and inst ruments, transport equipment, pharmaceuticals. WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 24  
 
  CÔTE D'IVOIRE 
 
190. Our examination of Morocco's trade policy shows that this African country, which has a solid 
reputation as one of the most sought after summe r destinations on the c ontinent with almost 
7.9 million visitors on average and an objective of 10 million in 2010, gi ving the tourism sector 
first place in the domestic economy in terms of indus try and generator of foreign currency, has been 
dynamic on the economic front for several years, a nd although this has been weakened by the recent 
financial crisis, it nevertheless remains sound.  Th is performance is attributable to the series of 
macroeconomic and structural reforms introduced by the Moroccan Government since 2002, together 
with its strong and diversified economic base, as well as the quality of its human resources and its 
agro-industrial potential. 
191. It is true that, according to analysts, the global crisis will cost Morocco's economy 1.5 to 
2 growth points, but taking into account the latest statistics the country is showing resilience in the 
crisis that has allowed the Moroccan economy to fo recast growth of 5 to 5.8 per cent between 2008 
and 2009. 
192. Morocco has solid economic foundations and enor mous potential in its financial, banking and 
business sectors and in engineering services, and the doc uments before us show that it is seeking to 
internationalize its economy still further. 
193. In this new strategic approach to economic po licy and trade expansion, sub-Saharan Africa 
appears as a privileged area for investment.  Three renowned Moroccan banks have become 
well-established because they are suitably capitalized  and have adequate resources, these are the 
ATTIJARIWAFA BANK, the Banques Populaires Group, and the Banque Marocaine du Commerce 
Extérieur, which holds 42.5 per cent of the capital of the Bank of Africa. 
194. These banks control three quarters of banking asset s in Morocco and support the international 
development of Morocco's trade and investment polic y, focusing naturally on sectors of activity as 
diverse as electronic data processing, electronic banking, building and public works, 
telecommunications, property, water, electricity, transport infrastructure and services. 
195. These are all sectors in which sub-Saharan Africa  still lags behind if it is to boost its 
development, which is why we welcome this  marked interest in sub-Saharan Africa. 
196. In the space of two years, Moroccan investment  in sub-Saharan Africa has increased ninefold, 
while for the past five years exports have shown an average annual increase of 15 per cent, with a 
sharp upward trend in 2008, 52 per cent according to the latest Moroccan foreign trade figures. 
197. Africa thus offers business opportunities and it a ppears perfectly logical to us that Morocco 
should see it as a strategic destination, precisely beca use of the morosity of European markets which 
traditionally used to be the main destinations for Morocco's exports. 
198. However, in accordance with the internationa l focus of its trade strategy, the Moroccan 
Government has signed trade agreements with over a dozen or even 15 African countries on a 
bilateral basis, with the notable exception of the West African Economic and Monetary Union and its 
eight member States, with which Morocco signed a global trade and investment agreement, initialled 
in November 2008, but above all containing  asymmetric tariff provisions in favour of 
WAEMU countries. 
199. I am convinced that, just as it has done with  the WAEMU, the Moroccan Government will 
take into account the irreversible dynamics of re gional economic integration in Africa south of the 
Sahara in order to negotiate and sign trade and investment agreements with regional integration  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 25 
 
 
  organizations, organized as a real customs union fo r Africa south of the Sahara, at the risk of 
weakening South-South trade links, particularly intr a-community trade in the areas integrated within 
the customs union or shortly to join it.  The Moroccan delegation should perhaps explain how it intends to deal equitably with the numerous classic trade agreements in the African continent on the 
one hand and trade and investment agreements on the other, as well as trade agreements that are more 
or less similar to FTAs along the lines of that ne gotiated with the member countries of the WAEMU. 
200. Having said that, we urge the Moroccan Go vernment to genuinely encourage the 
establishment of its economic operators in Africa sout h of the Sahara and to make its international 
trade expansion strategy even more dynamic.  Ind eed, in Africa south of the Sahara we need this 
dynamism and firm establishment. 
NIGERIA 
 
201. Nigeria is pleased to note from the Secretaria t report that, since the previous Review, 
Morocco has pursued macroeconomic and structural  reforms, including trade reforms that have 
contributed to the growing diversification and po sitive overall performance of  its economy, with an 
average annual rate of growth in real GDP of 4.5 per cent during the period 2002 to 2007 and 5.8 per 
cent in 2008.  The economic growth was underpinned, in particular by strong internal demand and 
increased investment.  However, the economy is beginni ng to feel the impact of the decline in demand 
from abroad in the wake of the international financ ial crisis.  Taking into account the prevailing global 
financial and economic cris is, Nigeria, like other delegations, is  interested in knowing how Morocco 
intends to respond to these developments, more  so as an improvement in the global economic 
situation is not yet in sight. 
202. Nigeria is happy to note from the Secretaria t report that continued fiscal reform and the 
control of operational spending ha ve helped to bring the public deficit down from 3.9 per cent of GDP 
in 2005 to 1.5 per cent in 2006.  Morocco's extern al debt has also been reduced and is currently 
around 20 per cent of GDP, and the external de bt/export ratio decreased from 128.7 per cent in 2002 
to 62.6 per cent in 2007.  The trend is due to th e conversion of the external debt into public and 
private investment, the refinancing of expensive debt, advance repayment and improvement of the 
foreign currency structure. 
203. During the period under review, Morocco has made  efforts to adapt its intellectual property 
legislation to the requirements of the TRIPS Agreemen t and to fulfil its obligations in the WTO.  It 
would, therefore, be interesting to know whether the new law on copyright provides for protection of 
the domestic industry and whether the welfare of pe ople is not damaged by the illegal manufacture of 
films and phonograms.  Morocco had also expr essed hope for the establishment of a multilateral 
register for the protection of GIs and extension of the protection conferred on GIs for wines and sprits 
to other products.  It would be interesting to know how Morocco intends to implement a multilateral 
register for all products in its GI regime. 
204. Nigeria is happy to note that Morocco, as an or iginal Member of the WTO, has maintained its 
support and commitment to the strengthening and libera lization of the multilateral trading system.  In 
that regard, Morocco has played an  active role in the DDA negotiations.  To that end, Nigeria looks 
forward to further collaboration with the delegation of Morocco in the negotiations. 
MAURITIUS 
 205. Morocco is seen as an example for many count ries in Africa for the series of economic 
reforms and restructuring programmes it has undert aken since the 1990s to promote its trade and 
investment regime.  Despite some occasional inte rnal and external difficulties, Morocco has not 
slowed its drive for change.  Indeed, as illustrated in the two reports since its previous Trade Policy WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 26  
 
  Review, Morocco has continued on its path of econom ic, social and institutional reforms which have 
contributed to consolidation of its macroeconomic fundamentals. 
206. As revealed by the reports, Morocco has redu ced to some extent its reliance on traditional 
sectors by diversifying its economic base in sectors such as services, manufacturing and tourism.  As 
regards its, macroeconomic indicators, the GDP growth  rate rose from 3.9 per cent for the period 1996 
to 2001 to 4.5 per cent for the period 2002 to 2007.   Per capita GDP has improved from US$1,245 in 
2002 to US$2,863 in 2007.  Inflation was kept at bay at an average of 1.9 per cent during the period 2002-2007 as a result of appropriate monetary  policies adopted by the Government. 
207. Another remarkable achievement has been the significant increase in the flow of FDI from 
DH 6 billion in 2002 to DH 36.4 billio n in 2007, representing a rise of about 500 per cent.  This has 
been made possible mainly by the series of measures and reforms undertaken to improve the 
investment regime.  The Morocco Investment Development Agency has been playing a key role in 
this regard.  This is, indeed, an impressive performance. 
208. The budgetary position has also improved from a budget deficit of 5.5 per cent of GDP in 
2001 to a surplus of 0.2 per cent in 2007.  Reforms in the taxation system have helped to improve 
government finances, which grew from 18 pe r cent in 2002 to 22 per cent in 2007. 
209. Morocco should also be commended for its fo reign trade policy, which has contributed 
towards its progressive integration into the globa l economy.  The tariff reform, which aims at 
reducing the maximum tariff from a 40 per cent app lied rate in 2008 to 25 per cent in 2012, is a 
positive step in that regard.  In addition, the si mplification of foreign trade procedures, including 
measures for streamlining customs procedures, such as freedom of transit and simplification of import 
and export formalities, are all contributing toward incr eased efficiency and improved trade flows.  It is 
also worth mentioning that, in the area of intelle ctual property, the Government of Morocco has 
strengthened property rights and reformed labour regulations w ith the aim of developing new 
businesses and attracting investment.  In this regard, the Government has made a number of modifications to its legislative framework to ensu re that intellectual property legislation is in 
conformity with international standards. 
210. Mention should also be made of the va rious sectoral initiatives taken by Morocco to 
reinvigorate some of its key sectors.  For instan ce, the Azur Plan, the Morocco Green Plan, Vision 
2015 and the "Rawaj 2020" project are meant to give  the necessary boost to the tourism, agricultural 
and small retail business sectors, respectively. 
211. All this attests to the fact that Morocco is one  of the most reforming countries in the Middle 
East and North Africa region.  There are key changes at all levels and in various sectors, as well as a 
clear goal of projecting Morocco to new heights in terms of competitiveness and growth. 
212. However, despite this progress, which has brought macroeconomic stability, Morocco still 
faces formidable challenges, which include volatile economic growth, vulnerability to climatic factors 
such as drought, a high level of unemployment a nd increasing pressure on natural resources.  While 
progress has been made, large segments of the population still remain on the periphery of 
development.  The ability of the Government to t ackle the country's economic weaknesses depends to 
a large extent on its ability to generate sustainable employment.  According to the World Bank, if the 
economy does not accelerate and new jobs are not created, poverty and exclusion are likely to 
accentuate and might provoke socio-economic tension.   Another major concern for Morocco is the 
persisting trade deficit, which is undermining its development effort s.  This situation is compounded 
by the effect of the financial crisis, resu lting in a deteriorating balance of payments.  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 27 
 
 
  213. In view of these negative factors, Morocco  as a developing country requires special 
consideration in terms of development assistance , support in policy advocacy and adequate flexibility 
in the multilateral trading system.  From a WT O perspective, we cannot overemphasize the vital 
importance of effective, country-driven Aid for Trade in sustaining the efforts of Morocco in 
addressing its economic needs and enha ncing its productive capacities.  Of  particular relevance to the 
Moroccan economy is the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, which could provide 
an adequate response to the rising level of unemplo yment.  Mauritius, therefore, joins others in 
pleading with the development partners of Morocco  to redouble their efforts under the Aid for Trade 
initiative. 
TUNISIA 
 
214. My delegation wishes to congratulate Morocco, its brother, for the considerable efforts it has 
made since 2003, the date of its previous Review , in order to continue its economic and trade 
liberalization policy through macr oeconomic and institutional refo rms, and through further opening 
up, simpler foreign trade procedures, establishment of an environment conducive to the development 
of investment, and expansion and diversification of its trade and economic relations by signing FTAs 
with its principal partners. 
215. Morocco's economy has recorded and continues to record satisfactory performances overall 
since the previous Review.  Three indicators at l east are eloquent in this respect:  the average annual 
rate of real growth in GDP rose from 3.9 per cent over the period 1996-2001 to 4.5 per cent over the 
period 2002-2007.  Second indicat or:  FDI showed strong growth, from DH 6 billion in 2002 to 
DH 36.4 billion in 2007, a sixfold increase.  Third indicator:  the budgetary situation continues to 
improve and economic growth is  accompanied by various measures taken by the Government, 
particularly in favour of employment, leading to a drop in the unemployment rate from 11.6 per cent 
in 2002 to exactly 9.8 per cent in 2007. 
216. In addition to these three indicators, institutiona l and legislative measures were taken so as to 
show clearly the Moroccan authorities' willingness and determination to move ahead along the path of 
liberalization in conformity with the principl es and rules of the WTO.  Among these measures, 
mention should be made of the following:  in 2006, the establishment of the national committee to 
simplify investment procedures;  the adoption of the General Tax Code in 2007, grouping together all 
tax incentives;  the adoption of a new Labour C ode;  the reform of the financial sector, inter alia , to 
ensure strong and sustainable growth;  the reform  of the tax system to provide an incentive for 
investment and production;  and lastly the impl ementation of the Vision 2010 programme for tourism, 
the Emergence Plan, adopted in 2007, whose objectiv e is to improve the technological infrastructure 
for assisting and supporting trade, as well as the Vi sion 2015 programme for the development of the 
crafts sector.  The objective of these programmes is  to revitalize priority sectors because of their 
impact on the economic development process at the national level and the changes under way in the 
global economy. 
217. As part of its global opening and liberalizati on strategy, Morocco has signed several regional 
and bilateral FTAs, including the FTA with EFTA, th e Association Agreement with the EC, the FTA 
with the United Arab Emirates, which came into  force in July 2003, the agreement with Turkey, 
which came into force in January 2006, and the ag reement with the United States of America, which 
also came into force in January 2006. 
218. In this connection, it is important to emphasi ze that the share of those countries with which 
Morocco has signed FTAs represented 61 per cent of Morocco's imports in 2006 and 77 per cent of its 
exports. WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 28  
 
  219. The Secretariat has explained quite clearly in its report that Morocco has signed over 
60 bilateral agreements to promote and protect investment and over 50 conventions to avoid double 
taxation.  In addition, at the multilateral level, Morocco has signed several agreements on trade and 
investment. 
220. Tunisia and Morocco have long-standing rela tions of friendship and cooperation at the 
bilateral, subregional, regional and multilateral levels.  These have  been reinforced within the 
framework of the Greater Arab Free Trade Zone, set up on 27 February 1981, and of a bilateral 
agreement on the creation of a free trade zone betw een our two countries, signed on 16 March 1999.  
The signature of the Agadir Agreement on 25 February 2004 reaffi rmed these relations 
221. What remains to be done is to strive together  to promote the creation of a free trade zone 
among Arab Maghreb Union countries as soon as possi ble.  They represent a market of 80 million 
consumers and would enable products to move mo re freely among our countries in accordance with 
the commitments undertaken within the WTO frame work, and should facilitate the building of the 
Maghreb, a project that is the objective of the five countries in the region. 
222. Tunisia and Morocco are both developing countries that hold the same views on a large 
number of the topics being negotiated under the DDA and are working together to ensure that the 
development dimension is give n greater importance in the outcome of the negotiations. 
CHINA 
 
223. The fortune of Morocco is destined to bind toge ther with the WTO, as the constitution of this 
Organization was done in and got its name from the b eautiful city of Marrakesh.  China is impressed 
by the commitment of Morocco to "a n irreversible process of liberaliza tion and opening up to the rest 
of the world".  Therefore, it is not surprising that  Morocco has played an active part in the multilateral 
trade negotiations, and in particular, it contributed  significantly to the agreement reached on TRIPS 
and Public Health as the then coordinator of the African Group. 
224. Morocco has registered a specific and tangible good performance.  The average annual real 
GDP growth rate for the period from 2002 to 2007 was 4.5 per cent, as compared to 3.9 per cent for 
the period from 1996 to 2001.  And the growth rate fo r 2008 was 5.8 per cent.  The standard of living 
of Moroccan citizens improved significantly with per cap ita GDP in 2007 double that of 2002.  At the 
same time, the inflation rate remained below 3 per cent.  The fiscal situation has also improved.  FDI 
has grown considerably, keeping Morocco among the t op three countries in Africa to attract the most 
FDI. 
225. Trade between China and Morocco had been increasing rather rapidly with an annual growth 
rate of roughly 30 per cent before 2007, until the financial crisis put  the brake on this trend.  The 
volume of trade in 2008 was US$2.79 billion, still grow th of 8 per cent over 2007.  However, in the 
first four months of this year, bilateral trade s lipped to US$708 million, al ready 13.8 per cent below 
the level for the same period last year. 
226. China fully understands the concerns of Morocco about the persisting trade deficit.  From the 
bilateral point of view, this is mainly attributable  to the composition of products.  China has been 
paying great attention to the issue of trade imba lances all along and started to address it in 1995 by 
taking various measures to facilitate the importation of Moroccan products.  We would like to restate 
on this occasion that the Chinese market is ope n to Moroccan products.  We hope that Moroccan 
enterprises can step up publicity and marketing effort s and expand the types of their exports.  China is 
willing to work together with Morocco to promote the stable and healthy development of bilateral 
trade.  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 29 
 
 
  EGYPT 
 
227. On behalf of the African Group, I would lik e to express full support to Morocco during its 
fourth Trade Policy Review. 
228. Since its previous Trade Policy Review in  2003, in a challenging global environment, 
Morocco has continued to pursue sound economic policies that one cannot fail to notice, and 
commend.  Those policies have paid off.  The macr oeconomic and structural reforms, including trade 
reforms, have contributed to the growing divers ification and positive ove rall performance of its 
economy, with an average annual rate of growth in real GDP of 4.5 per cent from 2002 till 2007, and 
5.8 per cent in 2008, according to the Secretariat report. 
229. Moreover, the continuing fiscal reform has helped to bring the public deficit down from 
3.9 per cent of GDP in 2005 to 1.5 per cent in 2006.  Morocco's external debt has also been reduced and is currently around 20 per cent of GDP.  Moneta ry policy, coupled with fiscal policy, helped to 
stabilize the national currency and to keep inflation down.  Continued economic reforms have led to a 
boost in FDI during the period under review, reach ing a record level of DH 37.6 billion in 2007. 
230. However, like Egypt and many other developi ng countries, Morocco's economy is beginning 
to feel the impact of the decline in demand from abro ad in the wake of the international financial and 
economic crisis, a situation that incites us to reinforce the development component of the Doha 
Round, considered as part of the stimulus package for developing countries. 
231. Morocco is an original Member of the WTO, a nd is playing an active role in the multilateral 
trade negotiations.  The underlying principle of Moro ccan law is the supremacy of international legal 
instruments, including the WTO Agreements, over domestic law.  Since 2003, Morocco has continued 
to take trade facilitation measures, lowered its cust oms duties, and continued to shorten the list of 
goods and services subject to price controls. 
232. Egypt and Morocco share special bilateral trade relations, and are members of the 
Arab-Mediterranean FTA concluded among Morocco, Egyp t, Jordan and Tunisia, which entered into 
force in March 2007. 
233. We encourage Morocco to further pursue its economic development po licies, and wish it 
every success. 
CONGO 
 
234. The history of Morocco is indisputably marked  by the achievement of major projects on the 
political, economic and social fronts, opening up numerous opportunities for progress, modernization 
and democracy. 
235. For developing countries, opening up and libera lizing trade at the international level have 
now become irreversible choices.  The growi ng globalization of production, made possible by 
breaking down the production process and the unpr ecedented progress in technological innovation, 
has made foreign trade the cornerstone of growth a nd an indispensable source of riches, a tool for 
development and combating poverty. 
236. Like other emerging and developing countries, since the early 1980s, Morocco has embarked 
upon a process of liberalizing its foreign trade thr ough the adoption of a certain number of measures 
to promote its exports and liberalize imports, elimin ating the lists of products subject to quantitative 
restrictions and lowering customs duties. WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 30  
 
  237. Morocco has made progress by establishing the freedom to import or export goods and 
services, subject to compliance with the regulations in force.  The adoption of the Foreign Trade Law in 1993 led to the elimination of quantitative restri ctions and the use of customs tariffs as a way of 
protecting domestic production. 
238. When Morocco became a Member of the WTO,  it granted MFN treatment to all its trade 
partners and it has played an active role in the various WTO forums and negotiating rounds.  Since 
1996, Morocco has continued the process of simpli fying and rationalizing its customs taxation and 
making it more transparent. 
239. Through HE Mr Omar Hilale, Ambassador of the Kingdom of Morocco to the international 
organizations in Geneva, and his experts, whom we welcome, Morocco has always reaffirmed its 
attachment to the multilateral trading system, whic h it considers beneficial to growth, development 
and well-being.  It has always spoken out in fav our of equitable distribution of the benefits of 
multilateralism among all countries and making special  and differential treatment a fundamental 
component of the Doha negotiations. 
240. The Agadir Agreement provides a framework w ith high potential chosen by Morocco despite 
the structural problems of South-South trade.  Moro cco is more than ever aware of the challenge of 
sustainable development based on cooperation for succes sful integration into the global economy.  Its 
vision of South-South cooperation is consistent in the political, economic and social spheres, 
involving regional economic foru ms and groups, where the competitiveness of economies essentially 
resides. 
241. Besides the geographical and historical reasons that link Morocco to the African continent, 
strong political expansion of these ties was underlin ed by His Majesty King Mohammed VI, who has 
visited sub-Saharan Africa five tim es, going to no less than 16 countries, including the Democratic 
Republic of the Congo, my country.  Morocco has chosen  to reinforce its ties with Africa and to act as 
a link between Africa and Europe. 
242. Morocco's support for the New Partnership fo r Africa's Development (NEPAD) can be seen 
in its participation in the triangular cooperati on for sub-Saharan Africa, through which Morocco 
makes its expertise available to the region in such  strategic areas as infrastructure, irrigation, 
vocational training and micro finance. 
243. Morocco has become a reliable partner on the con tinent, able to offer the benefits of its 
experience in education and training, social policy,  sanitary management and the development of new 
technology. 
244. Morocco has embarked upon an economic and regulatory reform project which today 
provides a stable macroeconomic and financial framework that is welcomed by multilateral 
institutions. 
245. To conclude, my delegation endorses the statemen t made by Egypt on behalf of the African 
Group. 
SINGAPORE 
 
246. Singapore welcomes the liberalizing economic reforms that the Kingdom of Morocco has 
continued to make since its previous Trade Polic y Review in 2003.  Also, as noted in the WTO 
Secretariat report, Morocco has made signifi cant efforts to simplify trade procedures.  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 31 
 
 
  247. Morocco sits at a crossroads between Africa,  Europe and the Middle East, and has always 
been an important gateway to th ese markets;  likewise, Singapore finds itself in a similar position, 
connecting Asia with the rest of the world.  Si ngapore welcomes the deve lopment of our bilateral 
economic linkages.  Such development will benefit not only the two countries but also the regions we 
are connected to. 
248. In fact, bilateral trade between the two countri es has increased substantially over the years.  
Total merchandise trade between Singapore and Mo rocco in 2007 stood at US$537 million.  This 
more than doubles the amount in 2002.  Also in 2007, during a senior Singaporean leader's visit to Morocco, both countries signed the Agreement on A voidance of Double Taxation.  This pact will 
undoubtedly help to bolster economic ties between th e two countries – i.e. facilitating the cross-flow 
of trade, investment, financial activities and technical know-how. 
249. Singapore takes note of the areas highlighted as Morocco's growth sectors – namely, tourism, 
financial services, public housing, information t echnology, nano- and biotechnology, and port 
infrastructure and services.  These sectors comp lement Singapore's capabilities and experience.  
Tourism between Singapore and Morocco is one sect or that can be easily developed as ties between 
the two countries are enhanced.  Through Singapore, Morocco could enter the Asian tourist market.  
In fact, Singapore's well-known Banyan Tree Hotels  & Resorts has a significant footprint in the 
enchanting Moroccan city of Marrakesh. 
250. Morocco's substantial commitments made under the General Agreement on Trade in Services 
(GATS), notably in the areas of telecommunications , certain financial services, and tourism, are 
commendable.  However, having opened the doors to  the wonders of Morocco's beaches, sand dunes 
and ancient cities, Morocco would surely not stop  there and leave the world wanting.  We look 
forward to seeing similar progress in other services sect ors, particularly those that have traditionally 
been under public or private monopoly, such as seaport management. 
251. Singapore appreciates the tariff reform scheme provided to Members in the Government of 
Morocco's Trade Policy Review.  However, on Mo rocco's VAT system, the WTO Secretariat report 
notes that there currently exist two VAT regimes – "i nternal" and "import".  This could counter the 
principle of national treatment.  Singapore has little doubt that Morocco, as a country open to the global economy and clearly committed to deepening economic links with the world, would continue 
the streamlining of its tariffs and internal taxation in full keeping with WTO principles. 
252. To end, Singapore wishes to recognize the significant progress Morocco has made towards 
greater liberalization. 
SENEGAL 
 
253. Since the previous Review of its trade policy in 2003, Morocco has implemented reforms that 
have contributed towards the grow ing diversity of its economy and a better overall performance.  The 
rate of growth in its real GDP was 4.5 per cent over the period 2002-2007, and then 5.8 per cent in 
2008.  Per capita GDP almost doubled in the space of  five years, from US$1,386 in 2002 to US$2,426 
in 2007;  this is an excellent result that should be welcomed. 
254. Morocco's economic performance is particular ly praiseworthy because it stems from strong 
domestic demand and increased investment. 
255. In other words, it has not been a matter of chance.   Indeed, it is thanks to the decisive policies 
undertaken by the Moroccan Government in recent y ears, with the public deficit of 3.9 per cent of 
GDP in 2005 being brought down to 1.5 per cent in  2006, i.e. almost by half.  A proper debt 
management policy has enabled the debt to be redu ced significantly and monetary policy, together WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 32  
 
  with good budgetary policy, has helped to ensure  the stability of Morocco's currency and keep 
inflation at a relatively low level. 
256. The importance of the services sector, whic h accounts for around two thirds of the GDP, 
symbolizes the modernity and dynamism of Morocco's economy and is a good example which should give developing countries food for thought. 
257. An improvement in the business climate and fact or costs, the implementation of infrastructure 
projects and the adoption of sectoral policies have led to a substantial increase in FDI, which reached a record level of DH 37.6 billion in 2007. 
258. Over the past six years, Morocco has take n a number of measures to facilitate the 
development of trade and enhance the effectiv eness and competitiveness of its economy.  These 
include, firstly, the simplification of customs procedures with the introduction of the BADR 
(computerized on-line customs databa se), which started to operate in  January 2009 and has led to over 
90 per cent of customs procedures being computerized.  They also include lower customs duties, with 
the simple average falling by 13.2 percentage points since 2002, in addition to binding of all tariff 
lines, and reform of sectoral policies with signi ficant progress in the services sector, where Morocco 
is a net exporter, with tourism as the primary source of foreign currency.  And finally, they include 
active participation in the multilateral trading sy stem and in various regional trade agreements. 
259. Morocco has always had special relations with my  country, Senegal, in all areas.  This is a 
good example of South-South cooperation.  Moroccan FDI in Senegal has shown a sharp increase, in 
particular in the financial and transport sectors. 
JORDAN 
 
260. Jordan commends the progress th at Morocco has achieved since its previous Review in 2003.  
Morocco's macroeconomic fundamentals have im proved considerably, and it has continued to 
implement its programme of economic, social a nd institutional reforms, including political and 
socio-economic reforms aimed at  strengthening the rule of law and democracy, economic 
liberalization and building a strong economy. 
261. Morocco has stepped up the process of libera lization, in particular its autonomous 
liberalization, by further tariff reduction, simplifyi ng foreign trade procedures, eliminating non-tariff 
measures, creating an environment that favours business and investment, promoting public-private 
sector partnerships, and broadening an d diversifying its trade relations.  This all added to and reflected 
its valuable contribution to the mu ltilateral trading system and the DDA;   Ambassador Hilale's role is 
to be recognized in this area. 
262. Morocco continued its ambitious process of re form towards liberalizing its economy despite 
the pressure of the global economic crisis.  This should be complimented at a time when many member States resorted to protectionist measures. 
263. We should not forget to mention within this positive picture the outstanding demonstration of 
our brotherly country Morocco in its efforts to implement trade liberalization policies and pursue a 
policy of open trade by negotiating a series of FTAs  with a number of partners in the region and 
outside the region, including the Euro-Mediterranean  FTA, the Agadir Agreement, signed with Egypt, 
Jordan, and Tunisia, the Greater Ar ab FTA;  the United States-Moro cco FTA, and lately the FTA with 
Turkey.  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 33 
 
 
  264. These agreements prove Morocco's commitment to  an open trade policy and regime and we 
believe that they are all in compliance with and supportive of the multilateral trading system.  All are 
serving Morocco's plans to foster the growth of its economic sector. 
265. The sustained economic growth rates and the ambitious economic polic ies are remarkably 
supported by Morocco's continuous reform on all fronts in different sectors such as services, 
agriculture, non-agriculture and intellectual prope rty rights;  Jordan congratulates the Moroccan 
Government and the business society for such achi evements and would like to wish its brother 
Morocco more prosperity. 
266. Jordan is working, and will always be worki ng, with Morocco to promote the Arab region's 
economic development and to become better integrat ed in the multilateral trading system.  Jordan 
fully associates itself with the statement made by Bahrain on behalf of the Arab Group. 
SEPARATE CUSTOMS TERRITORY OF TAIWAN, PENGHU, KINMEN AND MATSU 
 
267. We are pleased to see how well Morocco's econo my has performed over the period of this 
Review, particularly in terms of its per capita GDP, wh ich has nearly doubled.  It is also interesting to 
see, and very commendable, that even in the co ntext of the recent global financial and economic 
turmoil, Morocco's economy not only remains less a ffected than most, but also looks capable of 
registering a considerable amount of positive growth in the years to come. 
268. Morocco's inspired economic performance would seem to be attributable mainly to its 
continued macroeconomic reforms.  Notably, it has built up a rather liberal investment regime, and as 
a net exporter of services its initial offer for trade in services is one of the most ambitious among the 
developing countries. 
269. Having said this, there does appear to be some room for improvement in certain areas as well, 
especially within the framework of the WTO.  For example, as indicated in the Secretariat report, 
Morocco has fallen behind with its notifications in a number of areas, its levy of VAT on imports and 
domestic goods is not fully in line with the princi ple of national treatment, and the variable rates 
applied to certain products may not meet the requi rements of the Customs Valuation Agreement.  In 
addition, the average rate of Morocco's bound tariffs remains rather high, and the fact that the rates 
imposed on many lines are in excess of the bound rates must all be having a negative effect on trade.  
Perhaps some adjustments in these areas would help to enhance the levels of Morocco's trade and 
investment and result in even stronger economic growth. 
270. I would like to conclude by saying that, for us, the great value of this Trade Policy Review is 
the opportunity it provides to learn more about Morocco's trade policy orientation, and to identify 
areas where we might develop a closer economi c relationship.  We are looking forward to 
strengthening our trade and investment cooperation with Morocco in the future. 
PAKISTAN 
 271. Morocco sits on an extremely strategic locati on in the Southern Mediterranean, controlling 
part of the strait of Gibraltar, thus, having a wa tchful eye on the sizeable world commerce that flows 
through the Mediterranean.  Indeed, it has easy access to international trade, which has been the main 
engine of Morocco's growth achievement.  With an  annual growth rate of 5.8 per cent in GDP during 
2008, Moroccans have nearly doubled their per capita GDP to US$2,426, which together with low inflation, have created strong domestic demand. 
272. Achieving per capita trade of more than US$1,600, Morocco's major imports include 
machinery and transport equipment, textiles and ch emicals, while phosphates, clothing and machinery WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 34  
 
  are its prime exports.  The trade balance, however , has been well maintained by the services sector, 
especially through tourism, which is currently the principal source of foreign currency, followed by 
remittances. 
273. Morocco has struggled to keep its trade open,  having attained 87 per cent trade openness in 
2007 as compared to 65 per cent in 2002.  It has also undertaken a serious reform agenda at home, 
which attracted around DH 36.4 billion of FDI in 2007 compared to DH 6 billion in 2002 (an increase 
of almost DH 5 billion per year). 
274. Similarly, owing to its geographical location, Mo rocco has diversified its markets in a relative 
manner, the EC being its leading trading partner, with France and Spain at the top of its leading 
importers and exporters.  However, there has been a beginning of diversification of Morocco's trading 
partners since 2003.  It has concluded several bi lateral agreements and is  currently engaged in 
negotiations with MERCOSUR and the West Afri can Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU).  
Likewise, it concluded an FTA with Egypt, Jordan  and Tunisia through the Arab Mediterranean FTA. 
275. Pakistan has had traditional ties with Morocco.  There are healthy trade relations between the 
two countries, which improved from US$120 million (2 006) to US$634 million in 2008, a percentage 
increase of more than 400 per cent in just two year s.  However, the trade balance is 80 per cent in 
favour of Morocco, which exported more than  US$500 million as against US$120 million imports 
from Pakistan – almost one fifth of the total trade.  Morocco and Pakistan signed a Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement in Rabat in May 2002, while the two countries' Export Promotion 
Bureaus also concluded a Memorandum of Unders tanding.  In late 2007, Morocco invited and 
encouraged Pakistani entrepreneur s and businessmen to take advant age of Morocco's FTA with the 
United States and the EU, particularly in the tex tiles and ready-made garments sector.  Morocco also 
invited Pakistani companies to set up garments units  in Morocco, even at 30 per cent value-added, a 
rate acceptable to the EU.  Pakistan and Moro cco agreed to start negotiations on an FTA from 
October 2008, leading to the signing of an FTA between the two countries at a later date.  Moroccan officials have also agreed to pursue the Governme nt's reduction of high tari ffs on imports of textile 
products from Pakistan.  Morocco and Pakistan signed the MOU at the concluding session of the 
Pakistan-Morocco Joint Ministerial Commission in Ra bat in July.  Pakistan looks forward to a more 
equitable trade and friendly relati onship with Morocco based on mutu al benefit to both the trading 
partners. 
276. The Secretariat report has quite convincingl y highlighted the challenges which Morocco 
currently faces.  While Morocco has a 100 per cent tariff binding coverage in ad valorem  terms 
ranging from 0 per cent to 380 per cent, its simple average bound tariff is 56 per cent in agriculture 
and 39.6 per cent in NAMA.  Similarly, the MFN app lied tariff in simple average terms is more than 
40 per cent in agriculture and 20 per cent in NAMA.   Moreover, other duties and taxes have been 
bound at 15 per cent.  Among other challenges, Moro cco has to define the role of State-trading 
enterprises and various State interven tions in agricultural exports, price controls, health products and 
services, manufactured tobacco and postal services,  making its trade more WTO consistent.  
According to the Secretariat report, agriculture  still remains the most heavily protected sector 
receiving financial incentives.  Another potential weakness noted in the Secretariat report is the mixed tariff escalation regime, and the food processing industries are also heavily protected, posing some of the key challenges and requiring careful appraisal wi th a view to making them more trade-friendly. 
277. Morocco has always played a very proactive role in the DDA negotiations and supports the 
conclusion of a successful Doha Round.  I am also su re that Morocco is prepared to move ahead and 
will never shy from taking "bold steps" on the domestic  front for the fulfilment of its liberalization 
commitments.  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 35 
 
 
  CAMEROON 
 
278. I have been struck by the quality, dens ity and relevance of the presentation by 
HE the Minister, and I thank him and congratulate him most sincerely.  The Cameroonian delegation expresses its entire satisfaction and its admiration for the manifold progress of Morocco in economic, 
financial and trade terms, under the wise and clear-sighted guidance of His Majesty 
King Mohammed VI. 
279. The indicators and other figures in this respect  clearly and relevantly show this, equally 
eloquently.  For example, the rate of growth in GDP and, of course, in per capita income, not to 
mention inflation, which has been kept at a mo re than reasonable level, the public debt, the 
unemployment rate (less than 10 per cent), and regard ing the latter, it is a scientific fact that in 
Morocco, out of 100 workers, 90 per cent find some em ployment and are therefore able to meet their 
essential needs to some extent. 
280. Of course there are the deficits:  the trade defic it, the external payments deficit and even the 
budget deficit – in my humble view, this is only a spending deficit and can therefore be absorbed at 
any time if need be.  And indeed, it is for all of these reasons that we, in Cameroon, believe and say 
that Morocco, its people and its Government, unde r the guidance of his Majesty King Mohammed IV, 
have chosen the correct path and are moving hand in  hand in the right direction, truly transforming 
Morocco into an emerging country in Africa. 
281. I would therefore like to take this opportunity to  highlight the friendly and fraternal relations 
that have always existed between Morocco and Cameroon.  To take but one example, the two 
countries have long been linked by  numerous economic, trade, fina ncial and cultural agreements.  
And indeed, it was to reaffirm, consolidate and fu rther diversify these manifold, brotherly, friendly 
and mutually beneficial links that a preparat ory meeting for the Morocco-Cameroon Greater Joint 
Commission was recently held in Yaoundé, and its c onclusions cannot fail to give a new impetus to 
the bilateral relations that have always ex isted and prevailed between the two countries. 
282. I hope that Morocco will continue along the path it has wisely c hosen and pursue its 
traditional policy of reaching out to others and openi ng up so that win-win partnerships can continue 
to develop between the Kingdom on the one hand and th e entire great family of nations on the other. 
BURKINA FASO 
 
283. I wish to pay tribute to the enormous efforts made by Morocco in terms of economic growth.  
The Secretariat's report shows that per capita GDP almost doubled between 2002 and 2007, rising 
from US$1,386 to US$2,426.  Real GDP rose from 4.5 per cent over the period 2002-2007 to 5 per cent in 2008.  Through a sustained fiscal reform  policy and control of operating expenditure, 
Morocco's Government brought the public deficit down from 3.9 per cent of GDP in 2005 to 1.5 per 
cent in 2006.  Morocco's economy is reasonably diversified, with the services sector making a major 
contribution of almost two thirds to the GDP.  After services, come manufacturing, agriculture, 
mining and energy.  Tourism is Morocco's main sour ce of foreign currency, followed by remittances 
from Moroccans abroad and phosphates. 
284. I would like in a few words to underline th e excellent diversifie d cooperation between 
Morocco and Burkina Faso.  In addition to trade in goods, Morocco is the foremost investor in 
telecommunications, with Maroc Telecom buying out the Burkina National Telecommunications 
Board in 2007.  There is model cooperation at th e university level and many students from Burkina 
Faso have been given training grants for Moroccan un iversities.  At the regional cooperation level, in 
October 2008, Morocco signed a trade and i nvestment protection agreement with the 
WAEMU countries. WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 36  
 
  285. To conclude, I would like to ask Members to s upport this friendly and brotherly country, to 
which I wish a successful Review of its trade policy. 
ANGOLA 
 
286. Since the previous Review of its trade policy, Morocco's economy has recorded an average of 
4.5 per cent real growth in GDP over five years.  The population's living standards have also 
improved significantly, with per capita GDP rising from US$1,245 to US$2,863 in 2007. 
287. FDI also rose from DH 6 billion to DH 36.4 billion over the same period.  The Moroccan 
Government has reformed its mone tary and labour policies, thereby controlling inflation and bringing 
the unemployment rate down from 11.6 per cent to 9. 6 per cent in five years.  Remittances from 
migrant workers have also shown a significant ri se from DH 33 billion to DH 55 billion over the same 
period. 
288. My delegation welcomes the reform of the tariff policy aimed at bringing the customs duty 
down from 40 per cent to 25 per cent by 2012;  the el imination of certain export restrictions on some 
products on sustainable development and environm ental protection grounds;  the adoption of a 
national plan to simplify foreign trade procedures adopted in 2006;  as well as a virtual one-stop shop 
project for foreign trade formalities. 
289. My delegation also welcomes the efforts made in the area of intellectual property;  the 
creation of a National Interministerial Committee on Tr ade Facilitation, as well as the efforts made to 
modernize the judicial structure, with the intr oduction of new information and communications 
technology so as to ensure greater transparency in dealing with cases. 
290. Lastly, we welcome the fiscal reforms undertaken, particularly the lowering of company 
income tax from 35 per cent to 30 per cent and th e introduction of a system for on-line declaration and 
payment of taxes and social security by businesses. 
KUWAIT 
 291. Kuwait fully endorses the statement made by Bahrain on behalf of the Arab Group, and by 
Oman on behalf of the GCC countries. 
292. Kuwait and Morocco have traditionally had strong ties of cooperation, friendship and 
partnership in many fields such as trade and ec onomic investment.  Morocco is one of the main 
trading partners in the Middle East.  My delegati on would like to congratulate Morocco on the relative 
openness of its economy and the reforms which enha nce the transparency of its trade regime.  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 37 
 
 
  V. REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE KINGDOM OF MOROCCO AND 
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS 
293. It should be noted that 106 questions were put  to Morocco in writing when this Review was 
being prepared.  They came from Argentina;  Braz il;  Canada;  China;  Colombia;  the European 
Communities;  Hong Kong, China;  India;  Japan;  the Republic of Korea;  Mexico;  Chinese Taipei 
and the United States of America.  Further oral questions were put last Wednesday. 
294. Today, I am pleased to be able to give you the replies, clarifications and additional 
information relating to the questions you have raised in order to allow you to become better 
acquainted with aspects of our trade policy. 
295. The replies will focus on the three following poles:  the economic environment;  trade policy 
instruments;  and sectoral policies adopted by Morocco. 
296. Concerning the economic environment, the reforms implemented by Morocco are part of an 
ongoing process of adaptation to the requirements of  the international environment.  Our ultimate 
objective is to provide the conditions for sustaina ble growth that creates jobs and guarantees the 
well-being of our fellow citizens. 
297. These reforms have enabled Morocco to achie ve stronger economic growth, reaching an 
average growth rate of 4.5 per cent over the pe riod 2002-2007, compared with 3.9 per cent over the 
period 1996-2001. 
298. In 2008, Morocco's economic growth rate was 5.8 per cent.  This performance was achieved 
in a particular global context that has not had any direct impact on Morocco's financial sector, which 
has few toxic assets. 
299. As for the outlook for Morocco's economy in  2009, the current growth trend will be 
maintained owing to a certain number of factors including, in particular, the highly satisfactory 
performance of agriculture, a satisfactory buffer of foreign exchange reserves, and economic agents' 
low level of dependence on external financing. 
300. Some of the macroeconomic and structural refo rms that attracted your attention include the 
privatization process, through which Morocco is e ndeavouring to ensure that businesses continue to 
operate in an environment that is increasingly ope n to competition and international trade.  The 
objective is also to reinforce competitiveness a nd integrate the businesses concerned in the global 
economy by giving them access to new markets and the benefits of technological support, as well as additional capital. 
301. Since the beginning of the privatization process launched in 1993, 47 companies and 
26 hotels have been transferred to the Moroccan  or foreign private sector in the course of 
107 privatization transactions.  As regards the outlo ok for 2009-2012, transfers are under way in the 
pharmaceutical, salt production, coal and brick-making sectors.  Other transactions could be initiated 
as soon as the businesses are put on the list of those to be privatized. 
302. Thus privatization, combined with a better business climate, has largely helped to make 
Morocco increasingly attractive as a place for FDI, which reached a figure of almost US$4 billion in 
2007.  For several years now, the share of privatiz ation operations in the total volume of FDI has 
continued to decline, so government revenue outside  the privatization process  has been rising since 
2007. WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 38  
 
  303. I should like to point out in this connection th at restrictions on investment are limited and 
mainly concern areas that are a government monopoly where activities are not open to competition, certain public services, and the purchase of agricultural land. 
304. Furthermore, as regards those entities which are today State-trading enterprises, I should like 
to point out that, following the privatization of the Tobacco Authority in 2003, there has no longer 
been any State-trading enterprise in the government portfolio.  This portfolio now comprises trading 
companies operating in competitive sectors or pr oviding a public service, as well as non-trading 
enterprises in the social or administrative sectors. 
305. Both Moroccan and foreign government or privat e enterprises are subject to the provisions of 
the law on free pricing and competition in effect sinc e 2001.  This text reaffirms the principle of free 
pricing – with the exception of some 15 products  and services – and lays  down rules for fair 
competition under which unders tandings and abuse of a dominant position are prohibited. 
306. As part of its process of ensuring the morality of public life and enhancing the business 
climate, initiated upon Morocco's accession to GA TT and reinforced since the late 1990s, Morocco 
has recently set up the Central Body for the Prevention of Corruption. 
307. With regard to the Customs Administration in particular, the approach adopted is based on 
universally recognized principles for combating corrup tion, such as those in th e Arusha Declaration.  
At the third Global Anti-Corruption Forum, held in Seoul in March 2005, Morocco's experience was 
cited as an example to be followed. 
308. Morocco is fully involved in the GSTP negotiati ons and takes this opportunity to reaffirm its 
support for the strengthening and development of this system so as to increase trade within the 
South-South integration framework. 
309. With regard to the question of notifications to the WTO, Morocco has already prepared the 
elements needed to draw up the majority of notifi cations that have not yet been made.  My country 
will fulfil all its obligations in th is respect in the weeks to come. 
310. Turning to the services sector, I would like to  emphasize that Morocco attaches considerable 
importance to this sector in its economic and soci al development process, and also for its trade 
balance.  Morocco has always made a positive c ontribution to the WTO's work in this sphere. 
311. We submitted our original offer in June 2005 on the basis of requests we had received from 
some WTO Members, including the European Comm unities, the United States of America, Canada, 
China, Egypt, India, Japan, Mali, Norway and Switzerland. 
312. Our offer comprises two types of sectoral support:  (1) the introduction of new sectors and 
subsectors, namely:  distribution;  business serv ices including integrated engineering services for 
public works, related scientific consultancy services for mining;  communications services, in particular postal services and express courier service s;  the global mobile personal communications 
system, e-mail and other services;  financial services;  transport services:  maritime, road, maintenance and brokerage services;  (2) s ubstantial improvements in certain sectors:  
telecommunications, road transpor t, public works and finance. 
313. I should also like to recall that one important feature of this offer is the notable improvement 
in horizontal commitments inasmuch as it concerns th e lifting of the restriction that existed in the area 
of exchange regulations.  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 39 
 
 
  314. With regard to the second part of my statement,  namely trade policy instruments, I should like 
to emphasize that in recent y ears the Moroccan customs tariff h as seen unilateral and successive 
reductions of customs duties on non-agricultural products. 
315. The main objectives of the tariff reform ar e to bridge the gap between MFN duties and 
preferential duties, on the one hand, and reduce the numbe r of tariff rates, on the other.  It is expected 
that by 2012 the maximum customs duty should be 25 per cent and there should be four tariff rates. 
316. Concerning fisheries, since 1 January 2009 Moro cco has been lowering tariffs on certain raw 
materials, down from 25 or even 50 per cent to 10 per cent customs duty. 
317. Morocco is examining the tariffs on agricultural products with a view to revising the system 
for agricultural and processed agricultural products, including ad valorem  duties and two rates of 
duty.  This reform will involve a reduction in  the number of rates and in tariff peaks. 
318. The above-mentioned reform is part of a glob al context that will take into account the 
sensitivity of certain agricultural subsectors, the objectives of the Morocco Green Plan (plan to 
modernize the agricultural sector) and consistency with our international commitments at both the 
bilateral and multilateral levels. 
319. Morocco has fulfilled all its commitments on tariff reductions arising from the Uruguay 
Round.  The bound global level of tariff protection has always been scrupulously respected.  Morocco's commitments were undertaken on the basis of several rates of import duty and the fiscal import levy (PFI), one of the other duties and levies, at a flat rate of 15 per cent. 
320. As part of its efforts to simplify and rationa lize customs taxes on imports, the 15 per cent PFI 
was integrated into the customs duty.  This did not  lead to higher taxes on imports because the same 
tax rate applied but in the form of one single tariff protection instrument. 
321. Now that the legal question of this amalgama tion has been raised, Morocco will address this 
issue.  We shall of course inform you of the conclusions and recommendations resulting from this 
consideration as soon as possible 
322. Regarding customs valuation, Morocco faithfull y applies the provisions in the relevant WTO 
Agreement, which have been included in our Custom s and Indirect Taxation Code.  For this purpose, 
the Moroccan customs services use a database as a tool  for risk analysis and for taking decisions on 
verification of the customs value.  Determining th e customs value therefore follows the methods and 
procedures set out in the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement. 
323. Turning to the customs nomenclature, Morocco  has notified the World Customs Organization 
(WCO) that it has accepted the 2007 version of th e Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding 
System.  Its implementation has been postponed because of the recent launching of a new computer 
system covering all customs clearance processes using the Internet. 
324. Concerning the value added tax (VAT) system more particularly, since 2005, Morocco has 
been reforming it.  One of the major objectives of this reform is harmoniza tion of the VAT on imports 
and that applicable within Morocco. 
325. With regard to government procurement, whic h covers all contracts awarded for government 
purchases of goods and the supply of services, as well as public works, the new regulations are intended to make the management of procurement mo re transparent.  I would recall that procurement 
is open to foreign competition.  Today, a large nu mber of foreign bidders are awarded procurement 
contracts in Morocco. WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 40  
 
  326. The legal framework governing government proc urement in Morocco provides for a national 
preference.  Nevertheless, this is subject to very  stringent conditions and only concerns procurement 
of works and related surveys.  It is also used very rarely by those awarding government contracts. 
327. Morocco also has a high level of ambition on SPS measures so as to give consumers stronger 
guarantees of the sanitary safety of foodstuffs, ensu re conformity and the harmonization of national 
regulations with our WTO commitments and with th ose of our trade partners.  To achieve this, 
Morocco has taken several measures both in the context of its new agricultural strategy called 
Morocco Green Plan and as part of its closer cooperation with its partners. 
328. The Morocco Green Plan has enabled a series of st ructural and legislativ e reforms to be made, 
many of which concern the protecti on of plants and animal health.  These include the establishment of 
a new entity responsible for the sanitary safety of food and agricultural products ((the Office National 
de la Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments ) (National Food Safety Board)) and the enactment of a law on 
the sanitary safety of foodstuffs.  In order to bri ng its regulations on SPS measures into line with those 
of its trade partners, Morocco has been involved in several twinning projects. 
329. As regards intellectual property, Morocco has spar ed no effort to put in place a legal structure 
that is in harmony with international standa rds, including those on combating infringement and 
piracy. 
330. The Industrial and Trade Property Law provides for the protection of patents, trademarks, 
GIs, industrial designs and trade names.  We have  put in place dissuasive mechanisms if these rights 
are not respected and there are bot h civil and penal penalties.  In addition, the Law provides for the 
electronic filing of trademarks, the establishmen t of a system for opposing the registration of 
trademarks, suspension of clearance of counte rfeit goods by the Customs Administration, the 
protection of olfactory and sound marks, and the prot ection of layout designs of integrated circuits. 
331. In order to protect the creation of new plants  and local products, Morocco also has laws on 
the protection of new plant varieties, distinctive si gns of origin and quality, namely, GIs, appellations 
of origin and agricultural labels.  Two products are currently recognized and registered:  the GI 
"Argane";  and the "Tyout-Chiadma olive oil" appellation of origin. 
332. The legislation on copyright and related rights has enabled the system for protecting the rights 
of creators and works to be reaffirmed and modernized .  It provides, in particular, for extension of the 
term of protection for economic rights and stronge r measures at the border.  These amendments 
mainly concern the reaffirmation a nd modernization of the system for protecting the rights of creators 
and works. 
333. At the plurilateral level, Morocco is the only de veloping country, together with Mexico, to 
participate in the negotiations on the future An ti-Counterfeiting Trade Agr eement (ACTA).  This 
underlines Morocco's determination to pursue its efforts to combat counterfeiting and piracy.  Morocco will host the fifth round of negotia tions in Rabat on 16 and 17 July next. 
334. Concerning the third and final part of my statement, namely, sectoral policies, I should first of 
all like to explain that Morocco has firmly d ecided to place agriculture at the centre of the 
development of its economy and to place its hop es in large-scale opening up with a view to 
constituting a broad platform for trade in agricultural products. 
335. To this end, in accordance with the direc tives of His Majesty King Mohammed VI, Morocco 
has drawn up the Morocco Green Plan, an agricultu ral development strategy.   This ambitious and 
pro-active plan is based on a global approach th at involves all stakeholders according to their own  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 41 
 
 
  objectives.  The two main pillars of this Plan a llow a maximum number of farmers to be involved, 
both those with modern farms and those with small farms. 
336. The first pillar aims to develop productive agricu lture adapted to the rules of the market, on 
the basis of ambitious plans for large subsectors with high value added a nd high output, through a 
new flow of private investment estimated to be close to US$15 billion over 10 years. 
337. The purpose of the second pillar is to develop an approach focused on combating poverty by 
supporting low-income farmers in disadvantaged re gions.  Three types of social projects will be 
implemented within the framework of 16 regional pl ans, namely:  projects for conversion of farms 
that are failing, projects to improve output and de velop production, and projects for diversification 
and niche markets through the accelerated development of local products. 
338. The Plan is underpinned by a foundation that should result in the success of the two key 
pillars:  a series of sectoral reforms (land ownershi p, water resources policy, taxation, tarification at 
the border, etc.) and an institutional reform component  (reform of the Ministry of Agriculture and the 
creation of new institutions). 
339. The sectoral policy on maritime fisheries is still based on sustainable management and 
exploitation of fisheries resources, in particular by  introducing plans for the management of fisheries, 
selective methods of fishing and preventing and comb ating undeclared and unregulated illegal fishing. 
340. We consider that improving the traceability and quality of maritime fisheries products helps 
to ensure that this resource does not disappear and contributes towards the efforts to manage fisheries.  
For this purpose, regulations on organizing the marketing of these products are being adopted. 
341. With regard to the industrial sector, the Emer gence Programme, adopted by the Government 
in 2005, is aimed at improving the technological infrastructure for assisting and supporting trade.  It 
targets not only traditional sectors of the Moroccan economy (textiles, leather, the agri-food industry and crafts) but also new sectors such as automobiles, aeronautics, electronics and offshoring. 
342. In this connection, the State and the Moro ccan private sector signed a contract for the 
programme for the period 2009-2015 to stimulate the growth of these sectors, notably by encouraging 
investment and strengthening the business fabric. 
343. Turning to energy policy and bearing in mind Morocco's challenges in this area, we have 
adopted a new approach based on energy efficiency and security of supplies, by allowing generalized 
access to energy, using sophisticated  technology while at the same time protecting the environment. 
344. The medium-term goal of this strategy is to ge nerate electricity using clean coal, wind power, 
gas and electricity interconnections, with the obj ective of 20 per cent of renewable energy by 2020. 
345. Regarding the export development and promotion programme, it should be noted that in order 
to bring together the various strategies, the Moroccan Government has adopted a strategy ( Maroc 
Export Plus ) based on four key pillars:  (1) targeting of sect ors, particularly those that are the subject 
of a pro-active policy to develop the offer (Emerg ence, Morocco Green Plan, etc.);  (2) targeting 
markets, particularly those in  which Morocco's global trades have a competitive advantage;  
(3) support for stakeholders, namely:  government  organizations and professional associations 
responsible for exports in order to improve their or ganization, redefine their respective roles, train 
human resources and encourage them to become cl oser to their markets and establish a regional 
presence near businesses;  enterprises with export potential by intr oducing and implementing business 
plans for export, training managers, market survey s and assistance for promotion;  (4) reinforcement 
of the human and financial structures involved in  institutional promotion of Moroccan products. WT/TPR/M/217 
Page 42  
 
  346. The above is an overall response to the questions raised by Members. 
347. I cannot conclude my statement without r ecalling the fundamental principles guiding 
Morocco's trade policy:  (1) the irreversible choi ce of a liberal economy open to the world;  (2) a 
strong commitment to the multilateral process, whic h we have reaffirmed through several actions, 
including the following:  (a) Morocco is the country  where the WTO was born;  (b) we are one of the 
first countries to undergo the TPRM process;  (c) we ha ve always played an active role in the WTO;  
(3) deep conviction in the development of South- South relations.  In this connection, Morocco 
organized the first Conference of African and South American Ministers of Trade in order to contribute towards progress in the DDA and strengthen trade relations between the two regions.  In 
addition, at the instruction of His Majesty King  Mohammed VI, Morocco has unilaterally exempted 
from customs duty products imported from African LDCs ;  (4) a special interest in the development 
of regional trade through the conclusion of FTAs, pa rticularly in the EuroMediterranean zone and the 
Arab world;  (5) compliance with all our bilatera l and multilateral commitments and with the rules of 
transparency they require. 
348. I hope to have replied to most of your questi ons.  The members of our delegation and myself 
are at your disposal to provide an y further explanations if needed. 
DISCUSSANT 
 
349. The following points were noted by Ambassador Wasescha, in his role as Discussant.  They 
were also raised by Members in the course of their respective statements. 
• Positive macroeconomic performance:  aver age growth of 5.8 per cent in 2008;  
per capita GDP doubled between 2002 and 2007 and inflation kept under control at 
3 per cent; 
• Morocco is also an attractive destinatio n for FDI, particularly in tourism; 
• reforms undertaken to enhance the business climate;  they should continue if 
Morocco wishes to become a peaceful haven for investors in the future; 
• trade facilitation is yielding results.  Since 2003, Morocco has simplified and 
computerized its customs procedures; 
• Morocco has been able to create a broad network of regional and bilateral FTAs; 
• the progress made in tariff policy is visibl e, although customs duties bound at 42 per 
cent represent a relatively high level of prot ection.  The rates applied are much higher 
than the bound rates in the case of 1,300 tariff lines; 
• VAT is a subject of concern as regards the principle of national treatment, because 
there are two parallel regimes, one for locally produced goods and services and the 
other for imports; 
• Morocco has accepted the 2007 version of the Harmonized Commodity Description 
and Coding System; 
• Morocco has recently registered its first GI s and appellations of origin – two products 
are currently recognized and registered: 
  the GI Argane;  and 
  the Tyout-Chiadma olive oil appellation of origin; 
• Morocco has unilaterally exempted from customs duty products imported from 
African LDCs; 
• regarding the VAT regime, since 2005 Moro cco has undertaken a reform with the 
aim of harmonizing the application of VAT  on imports and that applicable in 
Morocco. 
 
350. The Discussant is convinced that Morocco will do even better in four years time.  WT/TPR/M/217 
 Page 43 
 
 
  GUINEA 
 
351. The Republic of Guinea welcomes the progress ma de by Morocco since the previous Review 
of its trade policy in 2003. 
352. For Guinea, the progress made shows Morocco's  enduring commitment to reinforcing its 
liberalization process and complying with its commitments in the WTO. 
353. Guinea and Morocco have a long tradition of fri endship, cooperation and trade, the result of 
the social and historic values which the two countries share. 
354. Guinea is Morocco's third-largest  customer in sub-Saharan Afri ca and is one of Morocco's 
main suppliers of commodities, especially coffee. 
355. The joint Moroccan-Guinean Co mmission is the special forum for regulating trade between 
our two countries. 
356. The joint Moroccan-Guinean Commission generally provides an opportunity to review a 
number of issues, including evaluating bilateral tr ade, exchanging information on the legislative 
reforms introduced in relation to foreign trade in both countries. 
357. As regards trade, in 1997, Morocco signed a trade and tariff agreement with Guinea, opening 
up important opportunities for operators in both countries, and leading to an increase in trade from US$14.7 million in 2002 to US$25 million in 2005. 
358. Morocco gives preferences for customs duty and equivalent taxes for several Guinean 
products, notably fisheries products, coffee, cocoa, fruit, timber and many others. 
359. In turn, Guinea gives the same be nefits to fruit and vegetables, agricultural inputs, textiles and 
clothing and equipment, coming from Morocco. 
360. In 2002, the agreement setting up the Moroccan -Guinean business council helped to give a 
significant impetus to economic and trade relations. 
361. In 2007, Morocco and Guinea signed a protocol of agreement on cooperation in health and an 
agreement on sanitary evacuation for hospital care in Morocco. 
362. These two agreements are part of the strengthe ning of South-South cooperation advocated by 
the two countries. 
363. With regard to investment, Morocco and Guinea have signed classic trade agreements 
providing for the mutual protection of investment. 
364. In order to facilitate trade, Morocco and Gu inea have signed a protocol for a consular 
agreement doing away with entry visas in order to  facilitate cross-border m ovement of persons and 
goods between the two countries. 
365. This leads me to say that, in addition to trade in goods, trade in services is not left out in 
relations between Guinea and Morocco. 
366. In this context, several Guinean managers have  been trained in universities in Morocco as part 
of cultural cooperation. WT/TPR/M/217 
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  367. In Guinea there are also severa l private Moroccan groups active in various spheres of activity, 
including banking, distribution, infrastructure, mining and air transport, which create jobs in Guinea. 
368. Although the above description is encouraging over all, it should be noted and regretted that 
trade does not reflect the immense possibilities afford ed by the two countries, because it is not very 
diversified and focuses on certain traditional products  such as textiles and clothing, canned fish for 
export, coffee and imported timber. 
369. This is why Guinea calls on Morocco to review together ways and means for more significant 
expansion and diversification of the economic and trade relations between the two countries in order 
to bring them up to the level of the political rela tions that have always prevailed between the two 
countries. 
370. With this aim in view, it goes without say ing that boosting economic and trade relations 
between Morocco and Guinea is fully in accordance with the efforts to consolidate South-South 
cooperation, particularly among A frican countries, so as to meet the challenges of globalization. 
371. To conclude, Guinea calls on the Members of the WTO to support Morocco in its 
liberalization efforts and its implementation of  the commitments undertaken within the WTO 
framework. 
SAUDI ARABIA 
 
372. Saudi Arabia would like to congratulate Morocco  on the significant progress it has made to 
maintain an open and competitive economy integrated  into the multilateral trading system.  Morocco 
has sent a clear signal of its commitment to the re form process.  Since its previous Trade Policy 
Review in 2003, Morocco has continued to pursue economic, social and institutional reforms at a 
steady and increasing pace. 
373. Morocco has undergone a series of reforms in recen t years, including the reform of its trading 
regime.  Morocco has made significant progress in reforming many sectors, including the services sector.  These testify to Morocco's impressive ec onomic performance and measures to improve its 
business and investment climate. 
374. As Morocco is a developing country, we appl aud Morocco's strong support of the multilateral 
trading system and its engagement in the multila teral negotiations in the context of the DDA. 
375. Saudi Arabia has carefully examined the documentation provided for the Trade Policy 
Review of Morocco and would like to praise Mo rocco on its comprehensive and strong commitment 
to the multilateral trading system. 
376. Finally, Saudi Arabia associates itself with the statement made by HE the Ambassador of the 
Kingdom of Bahrain on behalf of the Arab Group Me mbers of WTO and HE the Ambassador of the 
Sultanate of Oman on behalf of the GCC. 
UNITED STATES 
 377. The United States appreciates Morocco's activ e participation during its successful Trade 
Policy Review.  The United States thanks Morocco for the responses to their written questions.  We 
are still translating and reviewing the questions a nd the responses provided, so we do not have any 
follow-up questions at this time, but if we do we  will submit them in writing in the coming days.  WT/TPR/M/217 
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  EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
 
378. We have listened with interest to Morocco's reaction to the statements made during this 
Review.  The EC acknowledges the important progress made by Morocco in its economic and social reforms and we should like to encourage it to pursue these objectives.  On Wednesday, 
Ambassador Good assured the Moroccan delegation of the EC's continued support both at the 
technical and financial levels and for the establis hment of the bases for sustainable development in 
Morocco. 
379. In this connection, for the period 2012-2013, the process of planning financial cooperation 
has been launched.  In particular, we would like to continue supporting the large-scale structural 
reform undertaken by Morocco. 
380. In the current economic context, such refo rm remains indispensable for strengthening 
Morocco's competitiveness and providin g the basis for sustainable growth. 
381. To conclude, the EC still has some questi ons to put concerning customs valuation, inter alia , 
and I have submitted these through the Secretariat in writing. WT/TPR/M/217 
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  VI. FINAL REMARKS OF THE CHAIRPERSON 
382. This fourth Trade Policy Review of Morocco has given us an opportunity to considerably 
improve our understanding of its tr ade and related policies, and of  the challenges it faces.  Our 
discussions have greatly benefited from the activ e and open engagement of  Morocco's high-level 
delegation, led by HE Mr Abdellatif Mazouz, Mi nister of External Trade, the insightful and 
thought-provoking contributions by the Discussa nt, HE Mr Luzius Wasescha, and the active 
involvement of many Members.  I would like to thank all of you. 
383. Members praised Morocco for its macroeconomic and structural reforms, including trade 
reforms, which have contributed to the overa ll positive performance of its economy, with GDP 
growth of nearly 5 per cent per year and a consid erable increase in its pe r capita GDP since 2002.  
Morocco has taken steps to liberalize its economic s ectors, in particular key services, and has reduced 
the level of its average tariff protection by 13.2 per centage points to 20.2 per cent.  The reforms have 
helped to turn its public deficit into a surplus,  reduce its external debt, and keep inflation under 
control.  The strong inflow of FDI that resulted from the enhancement of the business climate reflects 
the confidence of foreign companies in the economy. 
384. Members commended Morocco on its commitment to the multilateral trading system, and 
recalled that the WTO Agreement was concluded in Morocco.  They encouraged Morocco to keep up 
its liberalization efforts, and to further improve th e transparency of its trade regime by making key 
notifications.  Members mentioned that Morocco could further improve its business environment by 
strengthening its commitments under the GATS,  especially in the areas of tourism and 
telecommunications where its commitments fall short of the liberalization efforts already achieved. 
385. Members noted that Morocco's MFN tariff rema ins complex, with applied rates exceeding 
bound levels on some 1,300 lines.  They urged Morocco to simplify its MFN tariff structure by eliminating non- ad valorem  duties and reducing rates, notably with a view to bringing its applied 
tariff into line with its WTO commitments.  Its trade regime would also further gain in predictability 
if the gaps between applied and bound rates on the other products were reduced.  Members also noted 
with concern that Morocco had two different VAT regimes – one for locally produced goods and the 
other for imports;  this does not guarantee r espect for the national treatment principle. 
386. Clarification was sought on Morocco's incentive schemes, including its regime on subsidies.  
Other issues of interest to Members included customs procedures;  technical regulations and SPS measures;  trade remedies;  import and export co ntrols and licensing;  government procurement;  
protection of intellectual property;   high tariff protection of agri culture;  and certain services. 
387. Some Members noted Morocco's participation in overlapping preferential trade agreements 
and encouraged it to ensure that its preferential and MFN regimes were complementary.  Members appreciated the role played by Morocco in the pr omotion of South-South trade and its initiative for 
active participation by African and Latin American countries in the DDA negotiations. 
388. Members appreciated the responses provided by  the delegation of Morocco, and looked 
forward to further written replies.  WT/TPR/M/217 
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  389. In conclusion, this meeting has confirmed Moro cco's progress towards the liberalization of its 
economy, including its trade and investment regim es.  Members were appreciative of Morocco's 
efforts and encouraged it to pursue the reforms, notably of its taxation system, with a view to 
enhancing the transparency and predictability of its  trade regime.  The extension and improvement of 
its multilateral binding commitments on services would also help.  I advocate that Members support 
Morocco in its continued efforts by providing furthe r market access for its goods and services, and by 
being attentive to its requests for technical assistance.  
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