Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations in Buildings
 
 
                
Electrical & Mechanical Services Department Preliminary Draft Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD  
CoP_EgyEffPreDft(ver01a) - i -   
(20090819)  Preliminary Draf t
Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations in 
Buildings 
 
Table of Contents  Page No.  
 1. Introduction 1 
 2. Interpretation of Terms 3 
 3. Application 9 
 4. Requirements of the Ordinance 11 
 5. Energy Efficiency Requirements for Lighting Installations 13 
5.1 Scope of Application 
5.2 General Approach 
5.3 Definitions 
5.4 Lighting Power Density 
5.5 Lighting Control 
 6. Energy Efficiency Requirements fo r Air Conditioning Installations 17 
6.1 Scope of Application 
6.2 General Approach 
6.3 Definitions 
6.4 System Load Calculation 
6.5 Separate Air Distribution Syst em for Process Requirements 
6.6 Air Distribution Ductwork Leakage Limit 
6.7 Air Distribution System Fan Power 
6.8 Pumping System Variable Flow 
6.9 Frictional Loss of Water Piping System 
6.10 System Control 
6.10.1  Temperature Control 
6.10.2  Humidity Control 
6.10.3  Zone Control 
6.10.4  Off-hours Control 
6.11 Insulation Thickness  
6.12 Air Conditioning Equipment Efficiency 
6.13 Energy Meter 
 Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD  
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7. Energy Efficiency Requirements for Electrical Installations 30 
7.1 Scope of Application 
7.2 General Approach 
7.3 Definitions 
7.4 Power Distribution Loss 
7.4.1  Distribution Transformer 
7.4.2  Main Circuit 
7.4.3  Feeder Circuit 
7.4.4  Sub-main Circuit 
7.4.5  Final Circuit 
7.5 Motor Installation 
7.5.1 Motor Efficiency 7.5.2 Motor Sizing 7.5.3 Motor for Air-conditioning Equipment and Lift & Escalator 
7.6 Power Quality 
7.6.1 Total Power Factor 7.6.2 Total Harmonic distortion 7.6.3 Balancing of Single-phase Loads 
7.7 Metering and Monitoring Facilities 
 8. Energy Efficiency Requirements for Lift & Escalator Installations 37 
8.1 Scope of Application 
8.2 General Approach 
8.3 Definitions 
8.4 Electrical Power 
8.4.1  Traction Lift 
8.4.2  Hydraulic Lift 
8.4.3  Escalator 
8.4.4  Passenger Conveyor 
8.5 Utilization of Power 
8.5.1  Total Power Factor 
8.5.2  Lift Decoration Load 
8.5.3  Lift Standby Mode 
8.6 Total Harmonic Distortion 
8.7 Metering and Monitoring Facilities 
 9. Performance Approach to comply wi th Energy Efficiency Requirements 45 
9.1 Scope of Application 
9.2 General Approach Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD  
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9.3 Definitions 
9.4 Basic Requirements 
9.5 Comparison of Design Energy and Energy Budget 
 10. Energy Efficiency Requirements for Major Retrofitting Work 48 
 11. Requirements on Maintenance 51 
 Appendix 1 – Guidelines on Calculation of Cable Loss 53 Appendix 2 - Calculation of Total Energy C onsumption in a Building or Premises Using 
Numerical Method for Building Energy Analysis 60 
 
 
 
 
 Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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1. Introduction 
 
1.1 This Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations in Buildings, 
hereinafter referred to as the Code, is approved and issued under Section 39 of the 
Building Energy Efficiency Ordinance (subjec t to LegCo approval of relevant Bill), 
Chapter xxx, hereinafter referred to as the Ordinance. 
 1.2 The Code sets out the practical guidance and technical details in respect of the 
minimum energy efficiency requirements gov erning the relevant building services 
installations under the Ordinance.  Building services installations designed, installed 
and maintained in accordance with the Code  would be deemed to have complied with 
the Ordinance in respect of design, insta llation and maintenance of building services 
installations. 
 1.3 This Code is developed by the Electrical & Mechanical Services Department (EMSD) in 
conjunction with local representative prof essional institutions, trade associations, 
academia and government departments. 
 1.4 The Code may be updated from time to time by circular letters and practice notes to 
cope with technological advancement and prev alent trade practices, and the details of 
the update will be publicized and given in EMSD’s web-si te (http://www.emsd.gov.hk). 
   Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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2. Interpretation of Terms 
 
2.1 The meanings of terms should be as give n in the Ordinance and this Code, and for 
purpose of ready reference the meanings as gi ven in the Ordinance on ‘building services 
installation’ and its constituent in stallations are extracted below - 
 
’building services installation‘ means, fo r the purpose of this Ordinance, lighting 
installation, electrical installation, air-c onditioning installation and lift and escalator 
installation, for a building.  “air-conditioning installation” means the fi xed equipment, distribution network, 
terminals and their control devices that prov ide either collectively or individually the 
process of cooling, dehumidification, heati ng, humidification, air distribution or air 
purification or any other associated processes. 
 “electrical installation” means all fixed equipment, distribut ion network and accessories 
for electrical and power distribution and power utilization of a building.  “lighting installation” means all fixed electric al lighting system including general lighting, 
maintained type emergency lighting, illuminated directional sign and exit sign for 
artificial illumination but exclude non-ma intained type emergency lighting. 
 “lift and escalator installati on” has the same meaning of “ lift” and “escalator” assigned 
by section 2 of the Lifts and Escala tors (Safety) Ordinance (Cap 327). 
 
“central building services inst allation” refers to the building services installation, which 
is provided at the occupation approval stage and includes subsequent addition and 
alteration of such building serv ices installation, for a specif ied building listed in Part A of 
Schedule 1 of the Ordinance, and - (a) in the case of a residential building or an  industrial building, refers to the building 
services installation serving the common area of such building;  (b) in the case of the residential portion or industrial portion of a composite building, 
refers to the building services installation serving the common area of such portion of 
the composite building; or (c) in any other specified buildings listed in Part A of Schedule 1, refers to all such 
building services installations. 
 
2.2 The following give the meanings  of terms cited in the Code:   
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‘air-conditioning ’ means the process of cooling, heating,  dehumidification, humidification, air
distribution or air purification, for human comfort purposes. 
‘air handling unit  (AHU)’ refers to an equipment that in cludes a fan or blower, cooling and/or
heatinging coils, and provisions for air filtering and condensate drain etc.  
‘air-conditioning (AC) system ’ means the equipment, distribution network and terminals that provide
either collectively or individually the processes of co oling, dehumidification, heating, humidification, air
distribution or air-purification or any other associated processes to a conditioned space. 
‘appliance ’ means an item of current using equipment ot her than a luminaire or an independent motor
or motor drive.  
‘area of a space  (unit : m2)’ in the context of lighting installation is measured based on the space ′s
internal dimensions excluding thickness of wall and column.  
‘bed passenger lift ’ means a lift used for transportation of passenger and bed including stretcher.  
‘brake load ’ should have the same meaning as in the Code of Practice on the Design and Construction
of Lifts and Escalators, EMSD. 
‘builders' lift ’ means a lifting machine - 
(a) that has a cage;  
(b) the operating controls for which are located inside the cage;  
(c) the cage of which is raised and lowered by means of a rack and pinion suspension system or rope
suspension system; and  
(d) the direction of movement of which is restricted by guide or guides, and is used for construction
work, and includes the supports, liftway and enclosures and the whole of the mechanical andelectrical apparatus required in connection with the operation and safety of the builder’s lift.  
‘CEMEP ’ refers to The European Commission and the Committee of Manufacturers of Electrical
Machines and Power Electronics. 
‘chilled/heated water plant ’ means a system of chillers/heat pumps and/or unitary air-c onditioners, with
corresponding matching ch illed/heated water pumps and as ap propriate condenser water pumps,
cooling towers and radiators. 
‘circuit wattage  (unit : W)’ in a lighting circuit means the power consumption, including lamp
controlgear loss, of a lamp; circuit wattage is eq ual to the sum of nominal lamp wattage and lamp
controlgear loss.  
‘circuit, feeder ’ means a circuit connected directly from the main LV switchboard or from the isolator
just downstream of the main fuse of the electricity supplier to the major current-using equipment.  
‘circuit, final ’ means a circuit connected from a local distribution board to a current-using equipment,
or to socket-outlets or other outlet points for the connection of such equipment or appliances.  
‘circuit, main ’ means a circuit connected from a distribution transformer to the main LV switchboard
downstream of it.  
‘circuit, sub-main (sub-circuit)’  means a circuit connected from the main LV switchboard, including the
portion through the rising mains as appropriate, or from the isolator just downstream of the main fuse
of the electricity supplier, to a local distribution board.  
‘coefficient of performance  (COP)  - cooling ’ means the ratio of the rate of heat removal to the rate of
energy input, in consistent units, for an air-conditioning equipment. 
‘coefficient of performance (COP) , heat pump - heating ’ means the ratio of the rate of heat delivered
to the rate of energy input, in consistent units , for a heat pump type air conditioning equipment. 
‘conditioned space ’ means a space within boundaries maintained to operate at desired temperature
through cooling, heating, dehumidification or humid ification, using means other than only natural or
forced fan ventilation. Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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‘constant air volume (CAV)  air distribution system ’ refers to a system that controls the dry-bulb
temperature within a space by varying the temperature of supply air that is maintained at constant
volume flow to the space. 
‘control valve ’ in an air-conditioning installation refers to a valve that controls the flow of chilled or
heated water supply to AHU or he at exchanger in response to the cooling or heating load.  
‘current unbalance ’ in three-phase 4-wire installation is given by: 
Iu = (I d × 100) / I a 
where  I u = percentage current unbalance 
  I d = maximum current deviation from the average current 
  I a = average current among three phases  
‘dead band ’ means the range of values within which an input variable can be varied without initiating
any noticeable change in the output variable. 
‘design energy ’ is the total energy consumption of the designed building modelled in accordance with
the requirements given in Section 9. 
‘designed building ’ means the building or premises for which compliance based on the
performance-based approach with the Code in Section 9 is being sought, and should include its
building envelope, building services installations, and energy consuming equipment. 
‘designed circuit current ’ means the magnitude of the maximum design current (root-mean-square
(r.m.s.) value for alternating current (a.c.)) to be ca rried by the circuit at its design load condition in
normal service.  
‘distribution transformer ’ means an electromagnetic device used to step down electric voltage from
high voltage distribution levels (e.g. 11kV) to the low voltage levels (e.g. 380V), rated from 200kVA, for
power distribution in buildings.  
‘driving controller ’ means the power electronics mechanism to control the output performance
including speed, rotation, torque etc. of the controlling motor.  
‘dumb-waiter ’ means a small service lift usually for transporting prepared meals and the like in a
premises serving food. 
‘DW143 ’ refers to “A Practical Guide to Ductwork Leakage Testing”, Heating and Ventilating
Contractors’ Association (HVCA), UK 
‘effective current-carrying capacity ’ means the maximum current-carrying capacity of a cable that can
be carried in specified conditions without the conducto rs exceeding the permissibl e limit of steady state
temperature for the type of insulation concerned.  
‘electricity supplier ’ has the meaning in the Elec tricity Ordinance, Cap. 406.  
‘emergency lighting of non-maintained type ’ refers to a kind of emergency lighting that remains off
until failure of normal power supply.  
‘energy budget ’ is the total energy consumption of the reference building modelled in accordance with
the requirements given in Section 9. 
‘equipment ’ means any item for such purposes as conver sion, distribution, meas urement or utilisation
of electrical energy, such as luminaires, air conditioning equipment, motors, motor drives, machines,transformers, apparatus, meters, protective devices, wiring materials, accessories and appliances.  
‘escalator ’ should have the same meaning assigned by Section 2 of the Lifts and Escalators (Safety)
Ordinance, Cap 327.  
‘fan motor power (unit : Watt)’ means the actual electrical power drawn by the motor, calculated by
dividing fan shaft power/fa n brake power by motor efficiency and mechanical  drive efficiency. 
‘fireman’s lift ’ should have the meaning in the Code of Practice for the Provision of Means of Access for
Firefighting and Rescue Purposes, Building Authority  Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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‘freight lift ’ means a lift mainly intended for the transport of goods, which are generally accompanied
by persons handling the goods. A general freight lift is one which:- 
- the loading in the lift will normally be even ly distributed over the floor of the car; 
- the weight of any single piece of freight, or the weight of any single truck, which may be used in
the loading of the lift, an d the load therein, will be not more th an a quarter of the rated load of the
lift; 
- the lift will be loaded only manually or by means of trucks which are not driven by any form of
power.  
‘harmonics ’ means a component frequency of the periodic oscillations of an electromagnetic wave that
is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequen cy, being 50 Hz for the power distribution system in
Hong Kong.  
‘heat pump ’ refers to an air conditioning equipment that includes evaporator, compressor, condenser,
and regulator controls, which serves to supply heated water or  heated air. 
‘hydraulic lift ’ means a lift which the lifting power is derived from an electrically driven pump
transmitting hydraulic fluid to a jack, acting directly or indirectly on the lift car.  
‘IEC’ means International Electrotechnical Commission.  
‘IEEE’ means  The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 
‘industrial truck loaded freight lift ’ is a lift which will be loaded and unloaded by industrial truck, and
the loading is not necessarily evenly distributed over the floor, and the weight of any single piece of
freight and its truck can exceed a quarter of the rated load of the lift.  
‘lamp controlgear ’ is a device used for starting and maintaining the operation of a lamp.  
‘lamp controlgear loss  (unit : W) ’ means the power consumption of a lamp controlgear operating under
the design voltage, frequency and temperature of a lighting installation, excluding the power
consumption in the dimmer and for a lamp operating on low voltage the step-down transformershould the dimmer or transformer not be integral to the controlgear.  
‘lift’ should have the same meaning assigned by Section 2 of the Lifts and Escala tors (Safety) Ordinance,
Cap 327, but for purpose of this Code ex cluding mechanized vehicle parking system.  
‘lift bank ’ means a lift system with two or more lift cars serving a zone, including lifts that may serve
more than one zone but for the time in question serving the specific zone.  
‘lift decoration load ’ means the loads in a lift car for decorative purpose and not essential to lift
operative functions delineated in the Code of Pr actice on the Design and Construction of Lifts and
Escalators, EMSD, which should however exclude bala ncing weights in association with provision of
air-conditioning to the lift car. 
‘lift in a performance stage ’ means a lift at the backstage designated to serve the performers of a show
on a stage. 
‘lighting control point ’  means a lighting control device controlling the on, off or lighting level setting
of a lighting installation.  
‘lighting power density  (LPD) (unit : W/m
2)’means the electrical power consumed by fixed lighting
installations per unit floor area of  an illuminated space, the area being measured  based on the space’s
internal dimensions excluding thickness of wall and column.  
‘local distribution board ’ means the distribution board for final circuits to current-using equipment,
luminaires, or socket-outlets.  
‘luminaire ’ refers to a lighting device, which distributes light from a single lamp or a group of lamps; a
luminaire should include controlgears and all necessary components for fixing and mechanical
protection of lamps.  Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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‘luminous efficacy  (unit : lm/W) ’ is defined as a ratio of luminous flux emitted by a single lamp to the
power consumed by the lamp; its numerical value is equal to the lamp’s luminous flux divided by the
nominal lamp wattage. The lamp’s luminous flux re fers to a value measured at prescribed initial
operating hours of 100 hours.  
‘luminous flux  (unit : lm) ’ is a quantitative measure of light emitted by a light source; the quantity is
derived from radiant flux (power in Watts) by evaluating the radiation in accordance with the spectralsensitivity of the standard eye as described by the CIE Standard Photometric Observer.  
‘main fuse ’ has the meaning in the supply rules of the electricity supplier.  
‘maximum demand’ means the maximum power demand registered by a consumer in a stated period
of time such as a month; the value is the average lo ad over a designated interval of 30 minutes in kVA.
‘mechanical drive ’ means the mechanism of a set of speed reduction gears transferring the power from
the motor shaft to the drive sheave in a traction lift system or to the chain or drum drive for the palletsor steps in an escalator or conveyor system. 
‘mechanized vehicle parking system ‘ should have the same meaning as in the Lifts and Escalators
(Safety) Ordinance, Cap 327. 
‘meter ’ means a measuring instrument and connected equipment designed to measure, register or
indicate the value of voltage, current, power fact or, electrical consumption or demand with respect of
time, etc.  
‘motor control centre (MCC)’ refers to a device or group of devices in a cubicle assembly that serves to
control the operation and performanc e of the corresponding electric mo tor greater than 5kW, or group
of motors with at least one greater than 5kW,.including starting and stopping, selecting mode ofrotation, speed, torque etc., which may or may no t incorporate protective devices against overloads
and faults.  
‘motor drive ’ of a lift, escalator or passenger conveyor refers to the electrical motor driving the
equipment plus the driving controller. 
‘multi-functional space ’ in the context of lighting installation refers to a space in which 
- its different functional activities classified in term s of the various space types (listed in Table 5.6) are
performed at different times, and 
- the illumination for each space type is provided by  a specific combination of different groups of
luminaries in the space.  
‘nominal lamp wattage  (unit : W)’ means the power consumption of a lamp, excluding the lamp
controlgear loss, given by the lamp manufacturer.  
‘non-linear load ’ means any type of equipment that draw s a nonsinusoidal current waveform when
supplied by a sinusoidal voltage source.  
‘off-hour ’ means a time beyond normal occupancy hours. 
‘passenger conveyor ’ should have the meaning assigned by Section 2 of the Lifts and Escalators (Safety)
Ordinance, Cap 327.  
‘passenger lift ’ means a lift
 which is wholly or mainly  used to carry persons.  
‘power factor, displacement ’ of a circuit means the ratio of the active power of the fundamental wave,
in Watts, to the apparent power of the fundamental wave, in Volt-Amperes, its value in the absence of
harmonics coinciding with the cosine of th e phase angle between voltage and current.  
‘power factor, total ’ of a circuit means the ratio of total active power of the fundamental wave, in
Watts, to the total apparent power that contains the fundamental and all harmonic components, in
Volt-Amperes.  
’powered lifting platform ’ means a platform not being a lift car that can be moved up or down through
a powered mechanism Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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‘process requirement ’ in air-conditioning means the requirement in the provision of air-conditioning for
a manufacturing or industrial process ot her than for human comfort purpose. 
‘public service escalator or passenger conveyor ’ means an escalator or passenger conveyor that is part
of a public traffic system including entrance and exit points (for example for connecting a traffic station
and a building), and is to operate regularly for not less than 140 hours/week with a load reaching
100% of the brake load during periods lasting for at least 0.5 hour during any time interval of 3 hours.
‘rated load ’ of a lift or escalator should have the same meaning as in the Lifts and Escalators (Safety)
Ordinance, Cap 327.  
‘rated speed ’ of a lift or escalator should have the same meaning as in the Lifts and Escalators (Safety)
Ordinance, Cap 327.  
‘recooling ’ means lowering the temperature of air that has been previously heated by a heating system.
‘reference building ’ means a building design of the same size and shape as the designed building or
premises, modelled in accordance with the requirements given in Section 9 and with correspondingbuilding services installations fully satisfying the energy efficiency requirements given in Sections 5 to 8.
‘reheating ’ means raising the temperature of air that ha s been previously cooled by a refrigeration
system. 
‘rising mains ’ means the part of a circuit for distribution of electricity throughout a building for multiple
occupation and any tee-off there from for each occupation will be provided a meter of an electricity
supplier.  
‘service lift ’ should have the same meaning as in the Lifts  and Escalators (Safety) Ordinance, Cap 327.
‘space ’ in the context of lighting installation refers to a region in a building or premises that is
illuminated by artificial lighting and is bounded by a physical floor, a physical ceiling and physical walls
or virtual side planes to distinguish the space in question from adjoining spaces.  
‘stairlift ’ should have the same meaning as in the Code  of Practice on the Design and Construction of
Lifts and Escalators, EMSD. 
‘supply water temperature reset control ’ refers to the control in an air-conditioning installation where
the chilled or heated wate r supply to AHU or fan coil unit can auto matically change at a certain part
load condition to a temperature setting dema nding less energy consumption, and can, upon
resumption of the full load condition, automatically return to the original setting.  
‘surface coefficient (symbol : h),  (unit : W/m
 2·oC)’ means the rate of heat loss by a unit area of a given
surface divided by the temperature difference in de gree Celsius between the surface and the ambient
air. 
‘thermal conductivity (symbol : λ), (unit : W/m ·oC)’ means the quantity of heat that passes in unit time
through unit area of a homogeneous flat slab of  infinite extent and of unit thickness when unit
difference of temperature in degree Ce lsius is established between its faces. 
‘total energy consumption ’ means the sum of the energy consumption of the building services
installations of a building or premises, calculated ov er a period of one year with numerical method for
building energy analysis, with calculation in accordance with Section 9. 
‘total harmonic distortion (THD)’ in the presence of several harmonics, is a ratio of the
root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value of the harmonics to the r.m.s. value of the fundamental expressed in
percentage, in equation form the definition of %THD for current is given by: 
100I)(I
%THD
12h2
h
× =∑∞
= 
where :  I 1 = r.m.s. value of fundamental current 
     I h = r.m.s. value of current of the hth harmonic order  Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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‘trade-off ’ in the performance-based a pproach in Section 9 refers to the compensation of the
shortcoming of energy performance in an installa tion by an alternative design with better energy
performance in the building. 
‘unitary air-conditioner ’ refers to an air conditioning equipment that includes evaporator, compressor,
condenser, cooling or heating coil, air re-circulation  fan section, and regulator  controls, which serves to
supply cooled or heated air. 
‘variable air volume (VAV) air distribution system ’ means a system that controls the dry-bulb
temperature within a space by varying the volume of supply air to the space  automatically as a function
of the air-conditioning load. 
‘variable refrigerant flow (VRF)’ means variable refrigerant volume flow in a unitary air-conditioner
where the cooling supply to the air-conditioned space is adjusted by modulating the flow of
refrigerant.  
‘variable speed drive  (VSD)’ of a motor means a motor drive that controls the motor speed over a
continuous range. 
‘vehicle lift ’ means a lift which is suitably dimensioned and designed for carrying motor vehicles.  
‘voltage, nominal ’ means voltage by which an installation (or part of an installation) is designated. The
following ranges of nominal voltage (r.m.s. values for a.c.) are defined: 
- Low Voltage (LV) : normally exceeding extra low voltage but not exceeding 1000V r.m.s. a.c. or
1500V direct current (d.c.) between conductors, or 600V r.m.s. a.c. or 900V d.c. between
conductor and earth. 
- Extra Low Voltage  : normally not exceeding 50V  r.m.s. a.c. or 120V d.c., whether between
conductors or conductor to earth. 
- High Voltage (HV)  : exceeding Low voltage.  
‘chiller ’ refers to an air conditioning equipment that includes evaporator, compressor, condenser, and
regulator controls, which serves to supply chilled water. 
‘zone’ means a space or group of spaces within a building with similar air-conditioning requirements
which are considered to behave as one space for the purposes of design and control of cooling or
heating system. 
 
2.3 Terms that are not defined in the Code s hould have their ordinar ily accepted meanings 
within the context in which they are used.   
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3. Application 
 
3.1 The Code is applicable to building services  installations in new constructions and major 
retrofitting works, in specified buildings and premises stated in the Ordinance. 
 3.2 The Code is not applicable to village hous es, monuments, and a ce rtain building services 
installations of specified purposes as listed in Schedule 4 of the Ordinance such as for 
fire suppression, emergency function, surgic al operation, temporary nature, research 
purpose, purpose of illuminating exhibit disp lay, or in a construction site, etc. 
 3.3 To comply with the Ordinance, the buildi ng services installations  save for exemption 
under the Ordinance, in specified buildi ngs requiring Certificate of Compliance 
Registration given in Part A, Schedul e 1 of the Ordinance, should be - 
  
(a) in accordance with the corresponding energy  efficiency requirements in Sections 5 
to 8 as appropriate; or as an alternative in accordance with the energy efficiency 
requirements in Section 9 for pe rformance-based approach; and 
(b) in accordance with the energy e fficiency requirements in Section 11 for 
maintenance of installations. 
 
3.4 To comply with the Ordinance, the buildi ng services installations  save for exemption 
under the Ordinance, regarded as major re trofitting works given in Schedule 2 of the 
Ordinance, should be in accordance with th e energy efficiency requirements in Section 
10. 
 3.5 The fulfillment of the Code requirements can be demonstrated wi th a completion of 
relevant forms issued by the EMSD se parately, with substantiations of - 
 
(a) manufacturers’ technical spec ifications or/and publications indicating the energy 
efficiency performances of corresponding equipment that can be tested or 
assessed in the factory based on widely acceptable standards or well established 
practice procedures; 
(b) designers’ engineering calcul ations or/and operators’ site  measurements for energy 
efficiency performances of corresponding systems based on widely acceptable 
standards or well establishe d practice procedures; and 
(c) drawings required as stated in the forms. 
 3.6 In case where the meeting of a Code require ment is in conflict with any of the following, 
the requirement in the Code should be superc eded unless otherwise explicitly specified - 
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(a) any Ordinance or Regulations of the HKSAR Government, 
(b) any of utility companies Supply Rules, 
(c) Code of Practice for the Elec tricity Wiring Regulation, EMSD, 
(d) Code of Practice on the Design and Cons truction of Lifts and Escalators, EMSD, 
(e) Code of Practice on the Examination,  Testing and Maintenance of Lifts and 
Escalators, EMSD, 
(f) Code of Practice on the Building Works for Lifts and Escalators, EMSD, 
(g) Code of Practice for Minimum Fire Ser vice Installations and Equipment and 
Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of In stallations and Equipm ent, Fire Services 
Department (FSD), 
(h) Circular Letters relating to Lift and Escalator issued by EMSD, 
(i) Circular Letters relating to Fire Se rvice Installations issued by FSD, 
(j) Guidance Notes on Ventilation and Mainte nance of Ventilation Systems, Labour 
Department, 
(k) Code of Practice for the Prev ention of Legionnaires’ Disease, 
(l) Design Manual: Barrier Free Access, Buildings Department, and 
(m) any safety, health or occupational health  requirements by laws or regulations. 
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4. Requirements of the Ordinance 
 
4.1 Under the Ordinance, a developer of a new construction of the specified building 
category given in Part A of Schedule 1 of the Or dinance is required to submit to EMSD – 
 
(a) at the building plan approval stage [may  change to consent for commencement of 
work – superstructure construction] a Stage 1 declaration, with certification by an authorized engineer [a different designati on being considered], to confirm that the 
central building services inst allation of the building has been designed with suitable 
provisions for compliance with the energy  efficiency requirements in the Code; and 
(b) at the occupation approval stage, a Stag e 2 declaration, with certification by an 
authorized engineer, to confirm that the ce ntral building services  installation of the 
building has been installed and completed in  compliance with the energy efficiency 
requirements in the Code. 
 4.2 EMSD will issue a Certificate of Complia nce Registration for the building that has 
completed the Stage 2 declaration submission to signify that the concerned building has 
been registered for compliance with the en ergy efficiency requirements in the Code. 
 4.3 EMSD will maintain a register of the buildings  that have been issued with Certificates of 
Compliance Registration, which is available for public inspection.  The Certificate of 
Compliance Registration is subjec t to renewal at a time inte rval given in Section 17 of 
the Ordinance. 
 4.4 During the occupation stage of the new build ing, the responsible person of a premises 
in the building is required to arrange for certi fication by an authorized engineer that the 
building services installation, unless it has be en covered in the Certificate of Compliance 
Registration issued for that building, complete d in the premises is in accordance with 
the required energy efficiency requirements in the Code. 
 4.5 For major retrofitting work, as defined in Schedule 2 of the Ordinance and detailed in 
Section 10 of the Code, in the specified buildings, the responsible person of the premises upon completion of the works is re quired to arrange for certification by an 
authorized engineer that the building serv ices installation as included in the major 
retrofitting works is in accordance with the required energy efficiency requirements in 
the Code. 
 4.6 No person other than an authorized engine er as registered under the Building Energy 
Efficiency (Registration) Regulation of the Or dinance should be allo wed to carry out the 
duties and exercise the functions designated to be carried out by an authorized engineer Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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under the Ordinance.  EMSD will maintain a register of the authorized engineers. 
 4.7 The Director of Electrical & Mechanical Serv ices is the enforcement authority of the 
Ordinance, who has the power to issue im provement notice requiring the rectification 
of non-compliance with the energy efficiency requirements as stipulated in the Code 
within a reasonable period, to delegate public officers to enter premises or buildings to 
inspect, examine and obtain information of the building service installations, and 
approve the Code listing the energy effici ency requirements under the Ordinance. 
 4.8 The Ordinance also imposes requirements on en ergy audit, which are stipulated in a 
separate document - Code of Practi ce for Energy Audit in Buildings. 
   Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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5. Energy Efficiency Requireme nts for Lighting Installations 
 
5.1 Scope of Application  5.1.1 All lighting installations, unless otherw ise specified, in a specified building and 
premises should be in accordance with th e energy efficiency requirements of this 
Section. 
 5.1.2 The following installations are not governe d by the energy efficiency requirements of 
this Section – (a) lighting integral to an equipment or instrumentation that is not a luminaire and 
with separate control switch; 
(b) lighting integral to a signage that is not an exit sign and a directional sign; 
(c) lighting installation which is included in Schedule 4 of the Ordinance 
 5.1.3 For the avoidance of doubt, a lighting installation should include - 
(a) all maintained type lightin g installation fed by essent ial power supply, including 
those integrated in an exit sign and a directional sign. 
 5.2 General Approach  
The requirements for energy efficient desi gn of lighting installations are for the 
purposes of - 
(a) improving luminous output through imposing minimum allowable luminous 
efficacy in a lamp; 
(b) reducing lamp controlgear loss; 
(c) reducing lighting power through imposi ng maximum allowable lighting power 
density in a space; and 
(d) reducing energy use through proper lighting control. 
 5.3 Definitions  
The definitions of terms applicable to Light ing Installations are given in Section 2. 
 5.4 Lighting Power Density 
 
5.4.1 The lighting power density of an individual space with area exceeding 5m
2 classified in 
Table 5.4 should not exceed the corres ponding maximum allowable value given in 
Table 5.4. Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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Table 5.4 : Lighting Power Density for Various Types of Space  
Type of Space Maximum 
Allowable 
Lighting Power 
Density (W/m2)
Bar / Lounge 15 
Banquet Room / Function Room / Ball Room in Hotel or 
Guesthouse 23 
Canteen 15 
Carpark 6 
Circulation Area in Shopping Arcade 15 
Classroom / Lecture Theatre / Training Room 17 
Conference / Seminar Room 18 
Confinement Cell in Place for Detention 13 
Corridor  12 
Dormitory / Quarters / Barrack 13 
Exhibition Hall / Gallery 23 
Guest room in Hotel or Guesthouse 17 
Gymnasium / Exercise Room / Recreation Room 15 
Jewel Shop 23 
Kitchen / Pantry 13 
Laboratory  17 
Laundry 13 
Library - Reading Area, Stack Ar ea or Audio Visual Centre 17 
Lift Lobby 15 
Loading & Unloading Area 11 
Mass Assembly Area / Assembly Hall 18 
Medical Treatment 20 
Office, Drawing 20 
Office, Open Plan / Cellular 17 
Patient Ward / Day Care 15 
Plant Room / Machine Room / Switch Room 13 
Public Transport Interchange 13 
Reception / Entrance Lobby 17 
Rest Room  13 
Restaurant  23 
Retails 20 
Seating Area inside a Theatre / Cinema / Auditorium / 
Concert Hall / Sports Arena 18 Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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Table 5.4 : Lighting Power Density for Various Types of Space  
Type of Space Maximum 
Allowable 
Lighting Power 
Density (W/m2)
Space, Multi-functional Space  See below  
LPD of each combination of function-specific luminaires should not exceed 
the maximum allowable value corresponding to the type of space illuminated by that combination of  luminaries, detailed as follows: 
LPD
F1 not to exceed LPD S1 , 
        L P D F2 not to exceed LPD S2 ,………., 
LPD Fn not to exceed LPD Sn 
where LPD F1 ,  LPD F2 .,...., LPD Fn  refers to the li ghting power density 
corresponding to functions F1, F2, ...., Fn respectively of n different 
functions, and  
LPD S1 ,  LPD S2 .,...., LPD Sn  refers to the maximum allowable values of 
lighting power density corresponding to th e classified Spaces S1,. S2,…, Sn 
(given under space codes A. to I. abov e) based on the respective functions 
F1, F2   , ...., Fn. 
Space Not Classified 18 
Space with headroom over 5m (Atrium, Foyer etc.) 25 
Sports Arena (Indoor) for Badmint on, Basketball, Volleyball,  
Table Tennis, Squash, Swi mming Pool, Ice Rink etc. 
• not for broadcasting 
• for broadcasting  
 
18 
28 
Staircase 8 
Storeroom / Cleaner 11 
Toilet / Washroom / Shower Room 13 
Transportation Facilities 
Arrival / Departure Hall Concourse / Platform with headroom not exceeding 5m
Concourse / Platform with headroom over 5m 
Baggage Area  
18 18 
25 
15 
Vehicle Depot (for maintenance / repair / inspection)  11 
Workshop 15 
 
 5.4.2 For a space with area not exceeding 5m
2, the sum of the lamp wattage and lamp 
controlgear loss of all luminaries therein should not exceed 100W. 
 5.5 Lighting Control 
 
5.5.1 The minimum number of lighting control point s for any space that is classified as an 
office should comply with requi rements given in Table 5.7. Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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Table 5.7 : Minimum Number of Lighting Control Points for Office Space  
Space Area A (m2) Minimum No. of 
Lighting Control Points 
(N : integer) 
15 x (N -1) < A ≤ 15 x N 0 < N ≤ 10 
30 x (N-6) < A ≤ 30 x (N – 5) 10 < N ≤ 20 
50 x (N -12) < A ≤ 50 x (N-11) N > 20 
 
5.5.2 In a space with actual lighting power de nsity value lower than the corresponding value 
in Table 5.6, fewer no. of control points ca n be provided, the percentage reduction of 
which should not be less than the ratio give n by the difference between allowable LPD 
and actual LPD to the allowable LPD. 
 5.5.3 Suitable lighting control points in a mult i-functional space should be provided to turn 
on and turn off relevant luminaries for the desired functional activity. 
 Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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6. Energy Efficiency Requirements for Air-conditioning Installations 
 
6.1 Scope of Application 
 6.1.1 All air-conditioning installations, unless ot herwise specified, in a specified building 
and premises should be in accordance wi th the energy efficiency requirements of 
this Section. 
 6.1.2 The following installations are not gove rned by the energy efficiency requirements 
of this Section – 
(a) an air-conditioning installation which is included in Schedule 4 of the 
Ordinance. 
 6.1.3 For the avoidance of doubt, the energy  efficiency requirements of this Section 
should apply to - 
(a) all air moving equipment being part of a fire service installation but provides 
normal air-conditioning or ventilation to a space. 
 6.2 General Approach  
The requirements for energy efficient desi gn of air-conditioning installations are for 
the purposes of – 
(a) encouraging proper sizing of air-condi tioning equipment and systems by 
setting design conditions and impos ing load estimation procedures; 
(b) reducing air side distribution losses th rough imposing limits on air distribution 
system fan motor power and ductwork leakage, and conditi ons warranting 
separate distribution systems; 
(c) reducing water side distribution losses through imposing limits on pipe friction 
loss and conditions warranting variable flow; 
(d) reducing energy consumption in air-conditioning equipment through 
minimum allowable coefficients of performance; 
(e) reducing conduction losses in pipework , ductwork and AHU casing through 
minimum allowable thickness on insulation thereto; and 
(f) reducing the use of energy through efficient controls. 
 6.3 Definitions  
The definitions of terms applicable to Air-conditioning Installations are given in 
Section 2. Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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6.4 System Load Calculation 
 
6.4.1 The air-conditioning cooling and heating lo ad calculations should be in accordance 
with established internationally re cognised procedures and methods. 
 
6.4.2 The following design conditions should be used for load calculations for sizing 
system and equipment: 
 
Table 6.4 : Air-conditioning System Load Design Conditions  
Condition  Season  Applications  Temperature / Relative Humidity  
Minimum dry bulb temperature 230C Office and 
Classroom Minimum relative humidity 50% 
Minimum dry bulb temperature 220C Summer 
Other applications
Minimum relative humidity 50% 
Maximum dry bulb temperature 240C Hotel 
Maximum relative humidity 50% 
Maximum dry bulb temperature 220C Indoor, 
for human comfort applications 
Winter 
Other applications
Maximum relative humidity 50% 
Maximum dry bulb temperature 350C # 
#: at coincident wet bulb temperature of 
26.40C Summer All applications 
Maximum wet bulb temperature 290C Outdoor 
Winter All applications Mi nimum dry bulb temperature 70C 
 
6.5 Separate Air Distribution Systems for Process Requirements 
 
6.5.1 An air distribution system serving a zone  with special process temperature and/or 
humidity requirements should be dedicated to  serve the zone only  and be separate 
from other system serving comfort only zone. 
 6.5.2 A special process zone can share a co mmon air distribution system with comfort 
only zone and the requirement in clauses 6.5.1 needs not apply if 
(a) the supply air to the comfort zone is no more than 25% of the total air flow of 
the common air distribution system, or 
(b) the total conditioned floor area of th e comfort zone served by the common 
system is smaller than 100m
2, or 
(c) the special process zone has separate room temper ature control and requires Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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no reheat of the common system supply ai r, and the supply air to the special 
process zone is no more than 25% of th e total air flow of the common system. 
 6.6 Air Distribution Ductwork Leakage Limit 
 
6.6.1 At least 25% in area of ductwork designe d to operate at operating static pressure 
in excess of 750 Pa should be leakage -tested in accordance with DW143  and meet 
the corresponding maximum allowable air leakage limit given in Table 6.6. 
 
Table 6.6 : Air Leakage Limit of Ductwork
 
Leakage 
Class  Operating Static 
Pressure (Pa) Air Leakage Limit 
(L/s per m2 of duct surface) 
I above 750 to 1000 0.009 x p0.65 
II above 1000 to 2000 0.003 x p0.65 
III above 2000 0.001 x p0.65 
p is the operating static pressure in Pascal 
 
6.7 Air Distribution System Fan Power  6.7.1 The system fan motor power required fo r a constant air volume air distribution 
system should not exceed a limit of 1. 6 W per L/s of supply system air flow. 
 6.7.2  The system fan motor power required for a variable air volume air distribution 
system should not exceed a limit of 2. 1 W per L/s of supply system air flow. 
 6.7.3  The system fan motor power limit specified in clauses 6.7.1 and 6.7.2 refers to the 
sum of fan motor power of the supply air fan and return air fan of the air distribution system.  The system fan moto r power limit is based on the assumption 
that the pressure drop across air filters and any other air treatment devices in the air distribution system will not exceed 250 Pa in total, and the portion of fan power 
consumed due to pressure drop in excess  of 250 Pa is deductible from the system 
fan motor power. 
 
The portion of deductible fan motor power  should be calculated as follows: 
 
P
f = V x (P d - 250)/(ηm x ηf x ηd) 
 Where 
Pf = Deductible fan motor power for air treatment/filtering (W) in excess of 250 Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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Pa 
V = Air volume flow rate (m3/s) 
Pd = Air pressure drop (Pa) of the treat ment/filtering system in clean condition 
ηm = Motor efficiency 
ηf = Fan efficiency 
ηd  = Drive/belt efficiency 
 
6.7.4 Any individual supply or return air fan in a variable air volume air distribution system 
with a fan motor power of 5 kW or greater  should incorporate controls and devices 
such that the fan motor demands no more than 55 % of design input power at 50% of design air volume. 
 6.7.5 The requirements in clauses 6.7.1 and 6.7.2 should not apply to 
(a) a system with system fan motor power less than 5 kW, or 
(b) a system only with air handling units with  individual fan motor power less than 
1 kW. 
 6.8 Pumping System Variable Flow  6.8.1 A water side pumping system should be designed for variable flow if its control 
valves are designed to modulate or step ope n and close as a function of load, and it 
should be capable of reducing system flow to 50% of design flow or less, except 
(a) where a minimum flow greater than 50%  of the design flow is required for 
the proper operation of the equipment it serves, such as chiller, or 
(b) it has no more than one control valve, or 
(c) it incorporates supply water temperature reset control. 
 
6.8.2 A variable speed pump with motor power of 5kW or greater should demand no 
more than 55% of design input power at 50% of design water volume. 
 
6.9 Frictional Loss of Water Piping System  
Water piping with diameter larger than  50 mm should be sized for frictional loss 
not exceeding 400 Pa/m.  Water piping with  diameter 50 mm or below should be 
sized for flow velocity of not exceeding 1.2 m/s.  
 
6.10 System Control  6.10.1 Temperature Control Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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6.10.1.1 Each air-conditioning system for cooling or heating should be provided with at least 
one automatic temperature control device  for regulation of space temperature. 
 6.10.1.2 A temperature control device for comfort cooling should be capable of adjusting 
the set point temperature of the space it serves up to 29
0C or higher. 
 6.10.1.3 A temperature control device for comfort heating should be capable of adjusting 
the set point temperature of the space it serves down to 16
0C or lower. 
 6.10.1.4 A temperature control device for both comfort cooling and heating should be 
capable of providing a dead band of at least 2
0C within which the supply of heating 
and cooling energy to the zone is shut o ff or reduced to a minimum, except for a 
temperature control device that requires manual changeover between heating and 
cooling modes. 
 
6.10.2 Humidity Control  6.10.2.1 Each air-conditioning system for removi ng or adding moisture to maintain specific 
humidity levels should be provided with at least one automatic humidity control 
device for regulation of humidity. 
 6.10.2.2 A humidity control device for comfort humidification should be capable of adjusting 
the set point relative humidity of the space it serves down to 30%. 
 6.10.2.3 A humidity control device for comf ort dehumidification should be capable of 
adjusting the set point relative humidity of the space it serves up to 60%. 
 6.10.3  Zone Control 
 6.10.3.1 Each air-conditioned zone should be c ontrolled by a separate  temperature control 
device for controlling the te mperature within the zone. 
 6.10.3.2 For the purpose of clause 6.10.3.1 a zone should not include spaces on different 
floors, except for an independent perimete r system that is designed to offset only 
envelope
 heat gain or loss or both, where 
(a) the perimeter system includes at least one temperature control zone for each 
building exposure having exterior walls  facing only one orientation for 
contiguous distance of 15 m or more, and Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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(b) the cooling and/or heating supply of th e perimeter system is controlled by a 
temperature control device located with in the zone served by the system. 
 6.10.3.3 Where both heating and cooling are provided to a zone, the controls should not 
permit the heating of previously cooled air,  and the cooling of previously heated air, 
and should not permit both heating and coo ling operating at the same time, except 
(a) for a variable air volume system whic h, during periods of occupancy, is 
designed to reduce the supply air to each zone to a minimum before reheating, 
recooling, or mixing of previously cool ed/heated air, and the minimum volume 
should be no greater than 30% of the peak supply volume; or 
(b) for the reheating or recooling of out door air which has been previously 
pre-cooled or pre-heated by a primary air handling unit; or 
(c) at least 75% of the energy for reheating or for providing heated air in mixing 
is provided from a site-recovered  or renewable energy source; or 
(d) the zone has a peak supply air flow rate of 140 L/s or less; or 
(e) where specific humidity leve ls are required to satisfy process requirements. 
 
6.10.4  Off-hours Control 
 6.10.4.1 Each air-conditioning system with c ooling or heating capacity more than 10kW 
should be equipped with automatic contro ls capable of accomplishing a reduction 
of energy use in the corresponding cooli ng or heating mode of operation through 
control setback or equipment shutdown dur ing periods of non-use of the spaces 
served by the system. 
 6.10.4.2 Each air-conditioning system with coo ling or heating capacity not more than 10kW 
may be controlled by readily accessible  manual off-hour control to achieve a 
reduction of energy use in the corresponding cooling or heating mode of operation. 
 6.10.4.3 Guest Rooms in Hotel, Guest House and Hostel 
 Each guest room or suite with multiple  rooms should be provided with a single 
master control device to reduce energy  use during un-occupied periods.  The 
master control device  should be able to
 
(a) turn off or reduce the conditioned air supply to a minimum; or 
(b) reset the temperature setting to reduce energy use; or 
(c) reset the temperature setting togeth er with reduction of fan speed. 
 6.11 Insulation Thickness  Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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6.11.1 All chilled water pipework, suction re frigerant pipework, and ductwork carrying 
cooled air, and casing of air handling uni t handling cooled air should be insulated 
with a minimum thickness calculated in accordance with the respective equation 
and approach in 6.11.1.1 and 6.11.1. 2, for given surrounding condition and 
thermal conductivity of insulation of the installation. 
 6.11.1.1 Calculation of Insulation Thickness for Pipework  
(a) Calculate using Equation 6.11( a) the provisional thickness χ (unit – mm) based 
on known values of the variables in Equation 6.11(a). 
χ = 10
3 x λ/h x {(θd - θl)/(θm - θd)} ………………………………... Equation 6.11(a) 
where h = Surface coefficient of ex ternal surface of insulation - W/(m2 oC) 
λ = Thermal conductivity of insulating material - W/(m oC) 
θd = Dew point temperature - oC 
θl  = Temperature of the cold surface (line temperature) - oC 
θm = Temperature of the ambient still air - oC 
 
(b) Roughly estimate the value of L a based on general engi neering practice, and 
calculate using Equation 6.11(b)  the provisional thickness χ (unit – mm) based 
on known values of the variables in Equation 6.11(b). 
χ = 0.5 (d o + 2L a) x ln [1 + 2L a/do] ……………………………….Equation 6.11(b) 
where L a = Estimated minimum thickness – mm, which will converge to 
become the actual value through iterations 
do = Outside diameter of pipe or tube – mm 
 
(c) Compare the two calculated values of thickness in (a) and (b).  The estimated 
La value will be deemed to be th e actual thickness if the two χ values are 
reasonably close to each other.  Should th e two values not be reasonably close, 
conduct an iteration of Equation 6. 11(b) with another estimated likely 
converging value of L a. 
 6.11.1.2 Calculation of Insulation Thickness for Ductwork and AHU Casing  
Calculate using Equation  6.11(a) the thickness χ (unit – mm) based on known 
values of the variables in Equation 6.11(a). 
 6.11.2 As an alternative to clause 6.11.1 the insulation thickness should be in accordance 
with the corresponding value given in Tables 6.11a to 6.11d, for the given Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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surrounding condition and thermal conductivity  of insulation of the installation. 
 
Table 6.11a : Minimum Insulation Thickness for Chilled Water Pipework  
Minimum Thickness of Insulation (mm) 
Pipework 
Surrounding 
Condition Indoor Condition (still air) Outdoor Condition 
(wind speed = 1m/s) 
Thermal 
Conductivity 
λ(2) 0.024 W/(m oC⋅) 0.04 W/(m oC⋅) 0.024 W/(m oC⋅) 0.04 W/(m oC⋅)
Nominal Pipe 
size (mm) (1)28oC, 
80%RH 30oC, 
95%RH28oC, 
80%RH30oC, 
95%RH35oC, 95%RH 
h (3) (4) 5.7 10 5.7 10 9 13.5 9 13.5
15 15 35 22 51 43 32 64 47 
20 15 36 23 54 46 33 67 49 
25 16 38 24 57 48 35 71 52 
32 17 40 25 60 50 37 75 55 
40 17 41 26 61 52 38 77 57 
50 18 43 27 64 54 40 81 59 
65 18 45 28 68 57 41 85 62 
80 19 47 29 70 59 42 88 64 
100 19 49 30 73 62 44 93 67 
125 19 50 30 76 64 46 97 70 
150 20 52 30 79 66 47 100 72 
200 20 54 32 83 69 49 105 75 
250 20 55 32 85 71 50 109 78 
300 21 56 33 88 72 51 112 80 
350 21 57 33 89 73 51 114 81 
400 21 57 33 90 74 52 116 82 
Notes: 
(1) The above table assumes pipes to be steel pipe of BS EN 10255 or BS EN 10220.  For 
other metal pipes, same insulation thickness should be applied to comparable outer diameters. 
(2) The insulation thickness is based on thermal conductivity rated at 20
oC mean for fluid 
operating temperature of 5oC. 
(3) For indoor pipework, the surface coefficient h=5.7 is assumed for bright metal surfaces 
and h=10 for cement or black matt surf aces at indoor still air condition. 
(4) For outdoor pipework the surface coefficien t h=9 is assumed for bright metal surfaces 
and h=13.5 for cement or black matt surfaces at outdoor condition with a wind speed 
of 1m/s. 
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Table 6.11b : Minimum Insulation Thickness for Indoor Refrigerant Pipework  
Minimum Thickness of Insulation (mm) 
Thermal 
Conductivity 
λ (2) 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.04
Pipework Surrounding Condition - 28 oC, 80% RH; still air; h(3)=10 
Fluid Operating Temperature Diameter of 
Pipe (mm) (1) 0oC -10oC -20oC 
6 8 10 13 10 13 16 12 16 20 
8 8 11 14 10 14 18 13 17 21 
10 8 11 14 11 15 18 13 18 22 
12 9 12 15 11 15 19 14 19 23 
15 9 12 15 12 16 20 14 20 25 
22 10 13 17 13 18 22 16 21 27 
28 10 14 18 13 18 23 16 22 28 
35 10 15 18 14 19 24 17 23 29 
42 11 15 19 14 20 25 18 24 30 
54 11 15 20 15 21 26 18 25 32 
76 11 16 21 15 22 28 19 27 34 
Pipework Surrounding Condition - 30 oC, 95% RH; still air; h(3)=10 
Fluid Operating Temperature Diameter of 
Pipe (mm) (1) 0oC -10oC -20oC 
6 26 36 44 33 45 56 39 53 67 
8 28 38 47 35 48 60 42 57 71 
10 29 40 50 37 50 62 44 60 75 
12 31 42 52 38 52 65 45 62 78 
15 32 44 54 40 55 68 48 65 81 
22 35 48 59 44 60 74 52 71 89 
28 37 50 63 46 63 79 55 75 94 
35 39 53 66 49 66 83 58 79 99 
42 40 55 69 51 69 86 60 82 103 
54 42 58 73 53 73 91 64 87 109 
76 45 63 78 57 79 99 69 94 118 
Notes: 
(1) The above table assumes pipes to be copper  pipe of BS EN 12449.  For other metal 
pipes, same insulation thickness should be applied to comparable outer diameters. 
(2) The insulation thickness is based on thermal conductivity rated at 20oC mean. 
(3) The surface coefficient h=10 is assumed for cement or black matt surfaces at indoor still 
air condition. 
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Table 6.11c : Minimum Insulation Thickness for Outdoor Refrigerant Pipework  
Minimum Thickness of Insulation (mm) 
Thermal 
Conductivity 
λ (2) 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.04
Pipework Surrounding Condition - 35 oC, 95% RH; wind speed = 1m/s; h(3)=13.5 
Fluid Operating Temperature Diameter of 
Pipe(mm) (1)0oC -10oC -20oC 
6 23 32 40 29 39 49 33 46 57 
8 25 34 42 30 41 52 36 49 61 
10 26 36 45 32 44 54 38 51 64 
12 27 37 46 33 45 57 39 53 66 
15 29 39 49 35 48 59 41 56 70 
22 31 43 53 38 52 65 45 61 76 
28 33 45 56 40 55 69 48 64 80 
35 35 48 59 42 58 72 50 68 85 
42 36 49 62 44 60 75 52 71 88 
54 38 52 65 46 64 80 55 75 93 
76 41 56 70 50 69 86 59 80 101 
Notes: 
(1) The table assumes pipes to be copper pipe of BS EN 12449.  For other metal pipes, same 
insulation thickness should be applie d to comparable outer diameters. 
(2) The insulation thickness is based on thermal conductivity rated at 20oC mean. 
(3) The surface coefficient h=13.5 is assumed for cement or black matt surfaces at outdoor 
condition with a wind speed of 1 m/s. 
 
Table 6.11d : Minimum Insulation Thickness for Ductwork and AHU Casing  
Minimum Thickness of Insulation (mm) 
Thermal conductivity (2) λ W/(m ⋅oC) 
Maximum Temperature Difference (1)  
0.024 0.04 0.055 0.07 
15oC max. for indoor condition at 
80%RH; still air; h(3)=5.7 13 21 29 37 
15oC max. for indoor condition at 
95%RH; still air; h(3)=10  43 72 99 126 
20oC max. for outdoor condition at 
95%RH; wind speed = 1m/s; h(3)=13.5 38 63 87 110 Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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Table 6.11d : Minimum Insulation Thickness for Ductwork and AHU Casing  
Notes : 
- The maximum temperature difference at design conditions is the greatest temperature 
difference between the space within which the duct is located and the design 
temperature of the air carried by the duct.  Where the duct is used for both heating and 
cooling purposes, the larger temperature difference should be used. 
- The insulation thickness is based on thermal conductivity rated at 20oC mean. 
- The surface coefficient h=5.7 is assumed for bright metal surfaces at indoor still air 
condition; h=10 for cement or black matt surfaces at indoor still air condition and h=13.5 
for cement or black matt surfaces at outdoor condition with a wind speed of 1m/s. 
 
6.12 Air-conditioning Equipment Efficiency 
 
6.12.1  A factory-designed and pre-fabricated electrically-driven equipment shown in 
Tables 6.12a or 6.12b should have the corresponding minimum coefficient of 
performance at the specified rati ng condition given in the table. 
 6.12.2  A room air conditioner of the types unde r the scope of The Hong Kong Voluntary 
Energy Efficiency Labelling Scheme for Room Coolers, EMSD, or governed by the Code of Practice on Energy labeli ng of Products, EMSD, should fulfill the 
requirements of Energy Effi ciency Grade 3 or above. 
 
Table 6.12a : Minimum Coefficient of Performance for Unitary Air-conditioner
 
Type of Cooling Air-cooled  Water-cooled
Capacity Range 
      ( k W )  7.5 kW & below, of types 
outside the scope of Room Air 
Conditioners in the labelling 
schemes in Clause 6.12.2 Above 7.5 
kW & 
below  
40 kW 40 to 
200 
kW Above 
200 kW All Ratings
2.4 2.6 Minimum COP at 
cooling mode 
(free air flow) 2.4 for split type 
2.1 for non-split type 3 for VRF 2.9 for VRF 3 
Minimum COP at 
heat pump mode (free air flow) 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.9 (not 
applicable)
Standard Rating Conditions  
Air-cooled Water-cooled 
Mode Condenser 
Ambient Room Air Entering 
Equipment Entering Water 
TemperatureRoom Air Entering 
Equipment 
Cooling 35oC d.b. 26.7oC d.b./ 
19.4oC w.b. 29.5oC 26.7oC d.b./ 
19.4oC w.b. Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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Heating 7oC d.b. / 
6oC w.b. 21oC d.b. (not applicable) 
Water Side 
Fouling Factor 0.000018m2-0C/W for evaporator; 0.000044m2-0C/W for condenser 
 
Table 6.12b : Minimum Coefficient of Performance for Chiller  
Air-cooled  
  Reciprocating  Scroll  Screw  Centrifugal  
Capacity 
Range (kW) Below 
400 kW 400 kW 
& above All Ratings All Ratings All Ratings 
Minimum 
COP at 
cooling 
(free air 
flow) 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.8 
Water-cooled  
 Reciprocating  Scroll  Screw  Centrifugal  
Capacity 
Range (kW) Below 
500 
kW 500 
to 
1000 
kW Above 
1000 
kW Below
500 
kW500 
to 
1000
kWAbove 
1000 
kW Below 
500 
kW500 
to 
1000
kWAbove 
1000 
kW Below 
500 
kW 500 
to 
1000 
kW Above 
1000 
kW
Minimum 
COP 
(Cooling) 3.4 3.9 4.1 4 4.5 5.2 4.6 4.6 5.5 4 4.5 5.7 
Standard Rating Conditions  
Air-cooled Water-cooled 
Condenser Water Temperature Chilled Water 
Temperature Fresh water Sea water Chilled Water 
Temperature Mode Condenser 
Ambient 
Temperature In Out In Out  In Out  In Out 
Cooling 35oC 12.5oC 7oC3 20C3 70C2 80C3 30C 12.50C 70C 
Evaporator 0.000018m2-0C/W 
Fresh water 0.000044m2-0C/WWater Side 
Fouling 
Factor Condenser 
Sea water 0.000088m2-0C/W
 
6.12.3 When components from more than one manufacturer are used as parts of an 
air-conditioning equipment with a rating abov e 10 kW of cooling/heating capacity, Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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the overall system coefficient of perfor mance, based on component efficiencies 
provided by the component manufacturers, should also satisfy the requirements of 
clause 6.12.1. 
 6.13 Energy Meter  6.13.1  A unitary air-conditioner or chiller of not less than 350 kW cooling/heating  
capacity should be equippe d with metering facilities to  indicate or derive the 
electrical input in kW and kWh to the e quipment and its output of cooling/heating 
energy in kW and kWh. 
 6.13.2  A chilled/heated water plant of not le ss than 350kW cooling/heating capacity 
should be equipped with mete ring facilities to indicate the electrical input in kW 
and kWh to the plant and its output of cooling/heating energy in kW and kWh.  
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7. Energy Efficiency Requirement s for Electrical Installations 
 
7.1 Scope of Application  7.1.1 All electrical installati ons, unless otherwise specified,  in a specified building and 
premises should be in accordance with th e energy efficiency requirements of this 
Section. 
 7.1.2 The following installations are not governe d by the energy efficiency requirements of 
this Section – 
(a) an electrical installation which is operated at high voltage or extra low voltage; 
(b) an electrical installation in a building of which the total rating of the main 
electrical switch governing the electricity  supply of that building does not exceed 
100A; 
(c) an electrical installation of which the equipment is owned by the electricity 
supplier and installed in a consumer’s substation; and 
(d) an electrical installation which is includ ed in Schedule 4 of the Ordinance; 
 7.1.3 For the avoidance of doubt, the energy e fficiency requirements of this Section should 
apply to - 
(a) all circuits in lighting installation, in  air-conditioning installation, or in lift & 
escalator installation, or a ll circuits with fixed motors such as for plumbing or 
drainage; and 
(b) all circuits fed by essential power supp ly and provide supply to routine operating 
equipment or installation such as mainta ined type emergency lighting, fireman’s 
lift etc. 
 
7.2 General Approach  
 The approach on energy efficiency is through both design and monitoring.  The 
approach on design aims to select energy e fficient components to be integrated into 
the electrical installation, and the approa ch on monitoring aims to provide required 
information for better energy utilization and management.   
 
7.2.1 The requirements for energy efficient de sign of electrical installations are for the 
purposes of - 
(a) minimizing losses such as iron losses, coppe r losses, losses due to phase current 
unbalance and harmonics, and indirect losse s due to rise of temperature in the 
power distribution system; and Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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(b) reducing losses and energy wastage in  the utilization of electrical power; 
 
7.2.2 The requirements for energy  efficient monitoring facilities of the electrical installations 
are for the purposes of - 
(a) getting required energy consumption da ta for better energy utilization and 
management; 
(b) identifying possible power quality problem s so that appropriate solution can be 
taken to reduce the losses; and 
(c) facilitating energy audits. 
 7.3 Definitions  
The definitions of terms applicable to Electr ical Installations are given in Section 2. 
 7.4 Power Distribution Loss  7.4.1 Distribution Transformer 
 A distribution transformer other than that  owned by the electricity supplier should 
have a minimum efficiency given in Table 7.4. 1 and be tested in accordance with IEC 
Standard 60076-1 Ed. 2.1, at the test conditi ons of full load, free of harmonics and at 
unity displacement power factor. 
 
Table 7.4.1 : Minimum Transformer Efficiency
 
Transformer Capacity  Efficiency 
< 1000kVA 98% 
≥ 1000kVA 99% 
 
7.4.2 Main Circuit  7.4.2.1 The copper loss of a main circuit connec ting the distribution transformer and the main 
incoming circuit breaker of a LV switchboa rd should not exceed 0.5% of the total 
active power transmitted along the circuit conductors at designed circuit current. 
 7.4.2.2 As an alternative to 7.4.2.1 the tran sformer room and the corresponding main switch 
room should be right beside, above or below each other. 
 7.4.2.3 The effective current-carry ing capacity of the neutral conductor in a main circuit should Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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have a rating not less than that for the corresponding phase conductors. 
 7.4.3 Feeder Circuit 
 The maximum copper loss in a feeder circuit should not exceed 2.5% of the total active 
power transmitted along the circuit conducto rs at designed circuit current.  This 
requirement does not apply to circuits used for compensation of reactive and distortion 
power. 
 7.4.4 Sub-main Circuit  7.4.4.1 The maximum copper loss for non-residential buildings in a sub-main circuit not 
exceeding 100 m length should not exceed 1.5%  of the total active power transmitted 
along the circuit conductors at designed circuit current. 
 7.4.4.2 The maximum copper loss for non-residentia l buildings in a sub-main circuit exceeding 
100 m length should not exceed 2.5% of the total active power transmitted along the 
circuit conductors at designed circuit current, subject to the sum of losses in sub-main 
circuit and final circuit  over 32A (based on circuit protective device rating) not 
exceeding 2.5%. 
 7.4.4.3 The maximum copper loss for residential buildings in a sub-main circuit should not 
exceed 2.5% of the total active power tr ansmitted along the circuit conductors at 
designed circuit current. 
 7.4.5 Final Circuit  
The maximum copper loss for a final circuit ov er 32A (based on circuit protective device 
rating) should not exceed 1% of the total active power transmitted along the circuit 
conductors at designed circuit current. 
 7.4.6 The calculation of copper loss in 7.4.2 to  7.4.5 should be based on the approach given 
in the Appendix, which should include the effects of total power factor and total 
harmonic distortion of current in case of a non-linear load. 
 7.5 Motor Installation  7.5.1 Motor Efficiency  Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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A polyphase induction motor should have a nom inal full-load motor efficiency fulfilling 
the corresponding value given in Table 7.5.1. 
 
Table 7.5.1 : Minimum Nominal Full-Load Motor Efficiency for Single-Speed 
Polyphase Motor and Mult-Speed Polyphase Motor at High Speed  
Motor Rated Output (P, in kW) Minimum Rated Efficiency (%) 
1.1 kW <  P < 1.5 kW 76.2 % 
1.5 kW <  P < 2.2 kW 78.5 % 
2.2 kW <  P < 3 kW 81 % 
3 kW <  P < 4 kW 82.6 % 
4 kW <  P < 5.5 kW 84.2 % 
5.5 kW <  P < 7.5 kW 85.7 % 
7.5 kW <  P < 11 kW 87 % 
11 kW <  P < 15 kW 88.4 % 
15 kW <  P < 18.5 kW 89.4 % 
18.5 kW <  P < 22 kW 90 % 
22 kW <  P < 30 kW 90.5 % 
30 kW <  P < 37 kW 91.4 % 
37 kW <  P < 45 kW 92 % 
45 kW <  P < 55 kW 92.5 % 
55 kW <  P < 75 kW 93 % 
75 kW ≤ P < 90 kW 93.6 % 
P ≥ 90 kW 93.9 % 
Note: 
z Minimum efficiency levels based on standard of CEMEP Eff 2. 
z Compliance to above should be based on testing to relevant international 
standards such as IEEE 112-B:2004 or IEC 60034-2-1 (Ed.1.0).  
 
7.5.2 Motor Sizing  
For a motor above 5 kW output power rating, the ratio of its output power to the power demand of the system it drives s hould not exceed 125% of the anticipated 
system load unless the load characteristic requires a specially high starting torque.  If 
the calculated 125% of system load does not  fall in the rating of a standard rated 
motor, the next higher rating standard motor may be used. 
 7.5.3  Motor for Air-conditioning Equipment and Lift & Escalator  
 
The requirements in clauses 7.5.1 and 7.5.2 do not apply to - (a) a motor of a chiller or unitary air- conditioner fulfilling the air-conditioning Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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equipment efficiency requirement in clause 6.12; and 
(b) a motor of a lift and escalator insta llation fulfilling the electrical power 
requirement in clause 8.4. 
 7.6  Power Quality  7.6.1 Power Factor  7.6.1.1 The total power factor for a circuit at or  above 400A (based on circuit protective device 
rating) or a circuit connecting to the meter of  the electricity supplier at designed circuit 
current should not be less than 0.85.  Desi gn calculations are required to demonstrate 
adequate provision of power factor correct ion device to achieve the minimum power 
factor of 0.85. 
 7.6.1.2 In fulfilling 7.6.1.1 for a circuit with to tal power factor less than 0.85, a suitable power 
factor correction device, if provided, should be installed at the source motor control 
centre or local distribution board. 
 7.6.1.3 The requirement in clause 7.6.1.1 does not apply to a circuit se rving a lift & escalator 
installation that has fulfilled the power factor requirement in clause 8.5.1. 
 7.6.2 Total Harmonic Distortion  7.6.2.1  The total harmonic distortion of current for a circuit connecting to the meter of the 
electricity supplier at designed circuit cu rrent should not exceed the corresponding 
figures in Table 7.6.2. 
 7.6.2.2  The total harmonic distortion of current for a circuit at or above 400A (based on circuit 
protective device rating) at designed  circuit current should not exceed the 
corresponding figures in Table 7.6.2. 
 
Table 7.6.2 : Maximum Total Harmonic Distortion of Current
 
Designed Circuit Current 
(I, in A) at 380V/220V Maximum Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) 
in Percentage of Fundamental Current 
I < 40A 20.0 % 
40A ≤ I < 400A 15.0 % 
400A ≤ I < 800A 12.0 % 
800A ≤ I < 2000A 8.0 % Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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I ≥ 2000A 5.0 % 
 
7.6.2.3 In fulfilling 7.6.2.1 for a circuit with  total harmonic distortion, a suitable harmonic 
reduction device should be provided at th e source motor control centre or local 
distribution board. 
 7.6.2.4 In fulfilling 7.6.2.3 in respect of harm onic reduction device for a circuit principally for 
motors with variable speed drives, a group compensation at the motor control centre 
or local distribution board is allowed, provided that the maximum fifth harmonic 
current distortion at the VSD input terminals during normal  operation within the 
variable speed range is less than 35%. 
 7.6.2.5 The requirement in clause 7.6.2.1 and 7. 6.2.2 does not apply to a circuit serving a lift & 
escalator installation that ha s fulfilled the harmonics distortion requirement in clause 
8.6. 
 7.6.3 Balancing of Single-phase Loads 
 
 For all three-phase 4-wire ci rcuits exceeding 400A (based on circuit protective device 
rating) with single-phase loads, the maximum unbalanced single-phase loads 
distribution should not exceed 10% in  terms of percentage unbalance. 
 7.7 Metering and Monitoring Facilities  7.7.1 Main Circuit   A main incoming circuit at or above 400A current rating (based on circuit protective 
device rating) should be incorporated with metering devices for measuring voltages (all 
phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral), curren ts (all lines and neutral currents) and 
power factor, and for recording total en ergy consumption (kWh), maximum demand 
(kVA) and total harmonic distortion. 
 7.7.2  Feeder and Sub-main Circuit  7.7.2.1 A feeder or sub-main circuit exceed ing 200A and below 400A current rating (based on 
circuit protective device), except for co mpensation of reactive and distortion power 
purpose, should be incorporated with mete ring devices, to measure currents (three 
phases and neutral) and record energy cons umption in kWh for energy monitoring and 
audit purposes. Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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7.7.2.2 A feeder or sub-main circuit at or above 400A current rating (based on circuit 
protective device rating), except for comp ensation of reactive and distortion power 
purpose, should be incorporated with mete ring devices for measuring voltages (all 
phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral), curren ts (all lines and neutral currents) and 
power factor, and for recording total en ergy consumption (kWh), maximum demand 
(kVA) and total harmonic distortion. Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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8. Energy Efficiency Requirements for Lift & Escalator Installations 
 
8.1 Scope of Application 
 8.1.1 All lift & escalator installations, unless ot herwise specified, in a specified building and 
premises should be in accordance with th e energy efficiency requirements of this 
Section. 
 8.1.2 The following installations are not governe d by the energy efficiency requirements of 
this Section – 
(c) mechanized vehicle parking system; 
(d) service lift, dumb-waiter, or stairlift;  
(e) industrial truck loaded freight lift; 
(f) lift in a performance stage; 
(g) powered lifting platform; 
(h) lift that is not operated on a traction driv e by suspension ropes or not operated by 
a hydraulic piston; and 
(i) installation included in Schedule 4 of the Ordinance. 
 8.1.3 For the avoidance of doubt, the energy e fficiency requirements of this Section should 
apply to - 
(a) all passenger lifts, bed pa ssenger lifts, freight lifts, ve hicle lifts, escalators and 
passenger conveyors; and 
(b) fireman’s lifts that opera te under non-fire condition. 
 8.2 General Approach  
The requirements for energy efficient design of lift and escalator installations are for 
the purposes of – 
(a) reducing power consumption through im posing maximum allowable electrical 
power of motor drive; 
(b) reducing losses in the utilization of power through imposing minimum allowable 
total power factor, limiting the lift deco ration load, and requiring a standby mode 
in lift operation; 
(c) reducing losses due to the associated power quality problems; and 
(d) providing appropriate metering and energy  monitoring facilities for better energy 
efficiency management. 
 8.3 Definition of Terms Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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The definitions of terms applicable to Lift & Escalator Installations are given in Section 
2. 
 8.4 Electrical Power  8.4.1 Traction Lift 
 
8.4.1.1 The running active electrical power of the motor drive of a traction lift system carrying 
a rated load at its rated speed in an upw ard direction should not exceed the maximum 
allowable value given in Table 8.4.1. 
 8.4.1.2 The requirement in clause 8.4.1.1 does not apply to – 
(a) a lift  
i. with rated speed not less than 9 m/s serving a zone of over 50-storey or 
over 175m between top/bottom-mo st landing and principal/ground 
landing, and 
ii. designated as fireman’s li ft or sky lobby shuttle serving two principal stops 
(b) a lift with rated load above 5000 kg at rated speed of 3 m/s or above. 
    
Table 8.4.1 : Maximum Electrical Power (kW) of Traction Lift System at Rated Load for 
Various Ranges of Rated Speed  
Rated Speed Vc (m/s)  Rated Load L 
(kg) Vc < 1 1 ≤ Vc < 1.5 1.5 ≤ Vc < 2 2 ≤ Vc < 2.5 2.5 ≤ Vc < 3
L < 750 6.7 9.5 11.4 15.2 17.1 
750 ≤ L < 1000 9.5 11.4 16.2 20 22.8 
1000 ≤ L < 1350 11.4 16.2 20.9 25.7 30.4 
1350 ≤ L < 1600 14.3 19 25.7 30.4 36.1 
1600 ≤ L < 2000 16.2 23.8 30.4 37.1 43.7 
2000 ≤ L < 3000 23.8 35.2 44.7 56.1 66.5 
3000 ≤ L < 4000 31.4 45.6 59.9 74.1 87.4 
4000 ≤ L < 5000 39.9 57 74.1 92.2 109.3 
L ≥ 5000 0.0079L + 
0.475 0.0112L + 
0.95 0.0148L + 
0.48 0.018L + 
1.9 0.0217L+ 
0.475 Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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 3 ≤ Vc < 3.5 3.5 ≤ Vc < 4 4 ≤ Vc < 5 5 ≤ Vc < 6 6 ≤ Vc < 7
L < 750 20 21.9 23.8 28.5 32.3 
750 ≤ L < 1000 25.7 29.5 30.4 37.1 43.7 
1000 ≤ L < 1350 34.2 38 42.8 49.4 57 
1350 ≤ L < 1600 40.9 46.6 49.4 58.9 68.4 
1600 ≤ L < 2000 50.4 57 61.8 71.3 83.6 
2000 ≤ L < 3000 75.1 85.5 90.3 109.3 125.4 
3000 ≤ L < 4000 98.8 114 123.5 142.5 166.3 
4000 ≤ L < 5000 123.5 142.5 152 180.5 209 
 7 ≤ Vc < 8 8 ≤ Vc < 9 Vc ≥ 9 
L < 750 37.1 42.8 4.643Vc + 0.0013Vc3 
750 ≤ L < 1000 49.4 57 6.192Vc +  0.002 Vc3 
1000 ≤ L < 1350 66.5 76 8.357Vc +  0.002Vc3 
1350 ≤ L < 1600 78.9 90.3 9.905Vc +  0.0025 Vc3 
1600 ≤ L < 2000 99.8 114 12.381Vc +  0.0013Vc3 
2000 ≤ L < 3000 147.3 166.3 18.572Vc +  0.0029Vc3 
3000 ≤ L < 4000 194.8 223.3 24.762Vc +  0.0036Vc3 
4000 ≤ L < 5000 242.3 275.5 30.953Vc +  0.0046Vc3 
 
8.4.2 Hydraulic Lift  
The running active electrical power of the hydraulic oil pump motor of a hydraulic lift 
system carrying a rated load at its rated sp eed in an upward direction should not exceed 
the maximum allowable value given in Table 8.4.2. 
 
Table 8.4.2 : Maximum Electrical Power (kW)  of Hydraulic Lift System at Rated Load
Rated Load L (kg) Power (kW) 
L < 1000 kg 26.6 
1000 kg ≤ L < 2000 kg 50.4 
2000 kg ≤ L < 3000 kg 71.3 
3000 kg ≤ L < 4000 kg 92.2 
4000 kg ≤ L < 5000 kg 115 
L ≥ 5000 kg 0.023L 
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8.4.3 Escalator 
 
The running active electrical power of the steps driving motor of an escalator with nominal width W and rise R when operati ng under no-load condition at rated speed Vr 
should not exceed the corresponding maximum allowable value given in Table 8.4.3. 
 
Table 8.4.3 : Maximum Electrical Power of Es calator at Designated Width and Rise for 
Various Ranges of Rated Speed Operating under No Load  
Electrical Power (W) at Rated Speed Vr (m/s) 
Other Than Public Service 
Escalator  Public Service Escalator Nominal 
Width 
W (mm) Rise 
R 
(m) 
Vr < 
0.5  0.5 ≤ Vr 
< 0.6  0.6 ≤ Vr 
< 0.75  Vr < 
0.5  0.5 ≤ Vr 
< 0.6  0.6 ≤ Vr 
< 0.75  
R < 3.5 1283 1473 1853 
3.5 ≤ R < 5 1520 1805 2233 
5 ≤ R < 6.5 1758 2138 2613 600 
R ≥ 6.5 209R + 
432 247R +  
530 302R +  
652 Not Applicable 
R < 3.5 1425 1615 1948 1995 2375 2945 
3.5 ≤ R < 5 1710 1995 2423 2375 2850 3515 
5 ≤ R < 6.5 1995 2375 2898 2755 3278 4085 
6.5 ≤ R < 8 2328 2755 3373 3135 3705 4608 800 
R ≥ 8 230R + 
588 253.6R + 
694 312.5R + 
853 291.6R 
+ 795 347.7R + 
952 433R +  
1183 
R < 3.5 1520 1805 2185 2138 2518 3135 
3.5 ≤ R < 5 1900 2185 2708 2518 3230 3705 
5 ≤ R < 6.5 2214 2660 3230 2898 3468 4275 
6.5 ≤ R < 8 2613 3040 3753 3278 3895 4893 1000 
R ≥ 8 268R + 
653349.6R + 
771346.7R + 
997305.6R 
+ 837346.7R + 
1109 456.9R + 
1251
 
8.4.4 Passenger Conveyor 
 The running active electrical power of the st eps driving motor of a passenger conveyor 
with length L and nominal width W at an inclination up to 6
0 from horizontal when 
operating under no-load condition at ra ted speed Vr should not exceed the 
corresponding maximum allowable value given in Table 8.4.4. 
 Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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Table 8.4.4 : Maximum Electrical Power of Pa ssenger Conveyor at Designated Width and 
Length at Inclination up to 60 from Horizontal for Various Ranges of Rated Speed Operating 
under No Load  
Electrical Power (W) at Rated Speed Vr (m/s) 
Other Than Public Service 
Passenger Conveyor  Public Service Passenger 
Conveyor Nominal 
Width 
(mm) Nominal 
Length L 
(m) 
Vr < 
0.5  0.5 ≤ Vr 
< 0.60.6 ≤Vr < 
0.75 0.75 ≤ Vr 
< 0.90  Vr < 
0.5 0.5 ≤ Vr 
< 0.6  0.6 ≤ Vr 
< 0.75  0.75 ≤Vr 
< 0.90
L < 8 1093 1450 1900 2138 1283 1663 1900 2233 
8 ≤ L < 12 1568 2100 2750 3088 1568 1995 2612 3088 
12 ≤ L < 16 2043 2750 3500 4085 2043 2613 3325 4085 
16 ≤ L < 20 2518 3900 4400 5035 2518 3705 4180 5035 800 
L ≥ 20 120.6L 
+ 97 186L + 
149 211L + 
169240L  + 
192120.6L 
+ 96176.7L 
+ 141 200.4L 
+ 160 240.3L 
+ 192
L < 8 1235 1650 1900 2138 1378 1758 1995 2328 
8 ≤ L < 12 1995 2700 3050 3468 1995 2565 2898 3468 
12 ≤ L < 16 2660 3550 4000 4560 2660 3373 3800 4560 
16 ≤ L < 20 3278 4400 4950 5653 3278 4180 4703 5653 1000 
L ≥ 20 155.8L 
+ 124 209L + 
168 237L + 
190270.7L  
+ 216 155.8L + 
124198.5L 
+ 159 225L + 
180 270.7L 
+ 216
L < 8 1544 2063 2375 2673 1723 2198 2494 2910 
8 ≤ L < 12 2494 3375 3813 4335 2494 3206 3623 4335 
12 ≤ L < 16 3325 4438 5000 5700 3325 4216 4750 5700 
16 ≤ L < 20 4098 5500 6188 7066 4098 5225 5879 7066 1400 & 
above 
L ≥ 20 195L + 
155 261L + 
210 296L + 
238338L  + 
270 195L + 
155248L + 
199281L + 
225 338L + 
270
Note: the maximum allowable electrical power for passenger conveyors with Nominal Width above 1000 mm and below 1400 mm is given by interpolation of the control figures for equipment at 
Nominal Width 1000 mm and equipment at Nominal Width 1400 mm, respectively at the 
corresponding Rated Speed and Nominal Length. 
 
8.5 Utilization of Power  8.5.1 Total Power Factor  8.5.1.1 The total power factor of the motor drive of a lift at the isolator connecting the lift to 
the building’s electrical supply  circuit should not be less than 0.85 when the lift car is 
carrying a rated load at its rated speed  and traveling in an upward direction. 
 8.5.1.2 The total power factor of the motor drive of an escalator or passenger conveyor at the Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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isolator connecting the escalator or conveyor  to the building’s electrical supply circuit  
should not be less than 0.85 when the motor drive is operating under its brake load condition at rated speed, and for escalator or conveyor with a rise with the equipment 
moving in an upward direction. 
 8.5.1.3 For purpose of fulfilling clauses 8.5.1.1 or 8.5.1.2, a suitable power factor correction 
device can be installed at the motor contro l centre of the motor drive to provide the 
compensation to the corresponding level in clauses 8.5.1.1 or 8.5.1.2. 
 8.5.2 Lift Decoration Load  
The maximum decoration load in a lift car should not be more than 50% of the lift’s 
rated load with a limitation of 600kg. 
 
8.5.3 Lift Standby Mode  8.5.3.1 Under normal operating stat us, at least one lift car of a lift bank should operate under a 
standby mode during low traffic period wh en the traffic demand on the vertical 
transportation system is low. 
 8.5.3.2 Under a standby mode of operation, a li ft car should not respond to passenger calls until 
it returns to the normal operation mode. 
 8.5.3.3 For lift utilising DC M-G motor drive, the driving motor of the DC M-G motor drive 
system should be shut down dur ing standby mode operation. 
 8.5.3.4 The ventilation of a lift car within a li ft bank, during standby m ode and upon idling for 2 
minutes with the lift doors closed, should be shut off automatically until the lift car is 
activated again by  passenger call. 
 8.6 Total Harmonic Distortion  8.6.1 When a lift car is moving up with rated load at its rated speed, the total harmonic 
distortion produced by the motor drive system at the isolator connecting the lift to the 
building’s electrical supply circuit should be limited to the corresponding maximum 
allowable value given in Table 8.6.1. 
   Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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Table 8.6.1 : Maximum Total Harmonic Distortion of Motor Drive System for Lift  
Circuit Fundamental Current of Motor Drive, 
I (A), Moving Up with Rated Load at Rated SpeedMaximum Total Harmonic 
Distortion (%) in Each Phase  
I < 40A  40% 
40A ≤ I < 80A 35% 
80A ≤ I < 400A 22.5% 
400A ≤ I < 800A  15% 
 
8.6.2 When an escalator or passenger conveyor is operating with no load at its rated speed, 
the total harmonic distortion produced by th e motor drive system at the isolator 
connecting the escalator or pa ssenger conveyor to the building’s electrical supply circuit 
should be limited to the corresponding maximu m allowable value given in Table 8.6.2. 
 
Table 8.6.2 : Maximum Total Harmonic Distorti on of Motor Drive System for Escalator 
and Passenger Conveyor  
Circuit Fundamental Current of Motor Drive, 
I (A), with No Load at Rated Speed Maximum Total Harmonic Distortion 
(%) in Each Phase 
I < 40A 35, for electrical 
supply direct from 
building’s feeder 
circuit 40, for electrical 
supply not direct 
from building’s 
feeder circuit 
40A ≤ I < 80A  35% 
80A ≤ I < 400A 22.5% 
 
8.6.3 For purpose of fulfilling clauses 8.6.1 or 8. 6.2, a suitable harmoni c reduction device can 
be installed at the motor control centre of  the motor drive to reduce the overall total 
harmonic distortion to the corresponding level in clauses 8.6.1 or 8.6.2. 
 8.7 Metering and Monitoring Facilities  8.7.1 Metering devices or the provision for meas urement should be provided for the electrical  
supply circuit for the motor drive of each lift, escalator or pa ssenger conveyor, for 
measurement of voltages (phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral), currents (line currents 
and neutral currents), total power factor, energy consumption (kWh), power (kW) and 
maximum demand (kVA). 
 8.7.2 In fulfilling clause 8.7.1 the provision for measurement should include the provision of 
suitable accessibility and suffici ent space, with appropriate connecting ancillaries, for the Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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ready connection and subsequent removal of  such devices not entailing a stoppage or 
disruption to the operation of the lift,  escalator or passenger conveyor. Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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9. Performance-based Approach 
 
9.1 Scope of Application 
 9.1.1 The requirements in this Section should be  satisfied for buildings or premises using the 
performance-based approach, which is rega rded as an alternative approach for 
meeting the prescriptive require ments given in Sections 5 to 8, in fulfilling the energy 
efficiency requirements under the Ordinance 
 9.2 General Approach  
The requirements in the performance-based  approach are for the purposes of - 
(a) reducing energy consumption in the designed building through the focus on its 
total energy consumption and the adoption of basic energy efficiency requirements; and 
(b) providing an alternative approach to fu ll compliance with the energy efficiency 
requirements given in Sections 5 to 8. 
 9.3 Definitions  
The definitions of terms applicable to Performance-based Approach are given in 
Section 2 
 9.4 Basic Requirements 
 9.4.1  Under the performance-based approach, th e designed building is  governed by the 
basic requirements given in Table 9.4. 
 
Table 9.4 : Basic Requirements for Performance-based Approach
 
Energy efficiency requirements on building services installations : 
Lighting installations, given in Section 5 (clause no.)  
Lighting control (5.5) 
Air-conditioning installations, give n in Section 6 (clause no.)  
System load calculation (6.4) 
Separate air distribution systems for process requirements (6.5) 
Air distribution ductwork leakage limit (6.6) 
Pumping system variable flow (6.8) 
Frictional loss of water piping system (6.9) 
System control (6.10) Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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Insulation thickness (6.11) 
Energy meter (6.13) 
Electrical installations, give n in Section 7 (clause no.)  
Power distribution loss (7.4) 
Motor installation (7.5) 
Power quality (7.6) 
Metering and monitori ng facilities (7.7) 
Lift & escalator installations, given in Section 8 (clause no.)  
Electrical power (8.4) 
Utilization of power (8.5) 
Total harmonic distortion (8.6) 
Metering and monitori ng facilities (8.7) 
Energy efficiency requirements on building envelope : 
Overall thermal transfer value, requireme nts same as given in Building (Energy 
Efficiency) Regulation Cap.123M  
 
9.4.2 The energy efficiency requirements give n in Sections 5 to 8 not forming the basic 
requirements in Table 9. 4 are deemed as the trade-off allowable requirements, by which 
the designed building is not governed. 
 9.5 Comparison of Design Energy and Energy Budget  9.5.1 A hypothetical design - the refere nce building, should be developed – 
(a) based on the designed building, in accord ance with the procedure given in the 
Appendix, and 
(b) be governed by all the energy efficiency requirements given in Sections 5 to 8, 
irrespective of whether or not such are listed in Table 9.4. 
 9.5.2 The design energy and energy budget, respectively of the designed building and 
reference building, s hould be calculated - 
(a) using the same consistent numerical me thod for building energy analysis; and 
(b) in accordance with the proc edure given in the Appendix. 
 9.5.3 The design energy should not exceed the energy budget.  9.5.4 Trade-off in Design Energy  9.5.4.1 In fulfilling clause 9.5.3, the increase in  design energy as a result of not satisfying the 
trade-off allowable requirements in clause 9.4. 2, can be off-set with  reduction in design 
energy as a result of better performance than Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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(a) the level cited in any one or more of the energy efficiency requirements given in 
Sections 5 to 8, and/or 
(b) the overall thermal transfer value ci ted in the Building (Energy Efficiency) 
Regulation, Cap 123M, on condition that the energy reduction counted towards the off-set should be limited to not more than 5% of the energy budget. 
 9.5.4.2 The items or installations involved in the trade-off process should be under the same 
ownership. 
 9.6 Requirements in Major Retrofitting Works  9.6.1 The performance-based approach is applic able to major retrofitting works given in the 
Ordinance. 
 9.6.2 The trade-off of a lower energy perform ance of a component in the major retrofitting 
work using a better energy performance of components of an installation outside the 
major retrofitting work should be such that  the scope and quantity of energy for 
trade-off is solely for the major retrofitti ng work in question, and for the purpose a 
written confirmation should be obtaine d from the owner of the installation. Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
CoP_EgyEffPreDft(ver01a) 48 of 77 Major Retrofit 
20090819 Preliminary Draf t
10. Energy Efficiency Requirement s for Major Retrofitting Works 
 
10.1 Whenever major retrofitting works are carried out in a specified building, the concerned 
works on building services installations, i.e.  lighting, air-conditioning, electrical and lift & 
escalator installations should meet the energy  efficiency requirements as stipulated in 
this Section. 
 10.2 The types of works which are classified as  major retrofitting works are basically listed in 
Schedule 2 of the Ordinance and more de tailed description of the works and the 
associated energy efficiency requirements app licable to them are given in Table 10.1. 
 
Table 10.1 
Major Retrofitting Works and Energy Efficiency Requirements
 
Category of Major Retrofitting Work Applicable 
Requirement Clause 
No. in 
this CodeCondition for Applicability of 
Requirement 
(a) Addition or replacement works for lighting installation, electrical installation or 
air-conditioning installation covering a floor ar ea aggregated to or greater than [500m2] 
[under the same series of works], including - 
(multiple phases of works of the same natu re completed according to a single works 
order or a series of works orders issu ed within 12 months under a planned work 
programme will be classified as und er the same series of works) 
lighting power 
density 5.4 no existing luminaires, or 
with sum of circuit wattage of additional or 
replacement luminaires 
more than that of 50% of the original luminaires in 
the area (i) addition or 
replacement of luminaires 
covering the 
area 
lighting control 5.5 sum of 
circuit wattage of 
additional or 
replacement luminaries at 
or exceeding 
[3kW] complete new installation 
or no existing luminaires 
air- conditioning equipment 
efficiency 6.12 Nil 
frictional loss of 
piping 6.9 involving water pipework 
for the additional equipment, or complete 
replacement of 
corresponding water side pumping system 
insulation 
thickness 6.11 involving corresponding 
additional or replacement 
pipework or ductwork (ii) addition or 
replacement 
of unitary air- 
conditioner(s) serving the 
area 
efficiency of 
motor 7.5 sum of 
cooling/ 
heating 
capacity of additional or 
replacement 
air- conditioners 
at or 
exceeding [60kW] 
involving additional or 
replacement water pump
(iii) addition or 
replacement 
of air separate air 
distribution  
system for process requirement 6.5 sum of 
cooling/ 
heating capacity of additional or replacement 
air handling unit(s) 
forming a complete air distribution system in the Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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20090819 Preliminary Draf t
Table 10.1 
Major Retrofitting Works and Energy Efficiency Requirements  
Category of Major Retrofitting Work Applicable 
Requirement Clause 
No. in 
this CodeCondition for Applicability of 
Requirement 
air distribution 
system fan power6.7 context of clause 6.7 
frictional loss of 
piping 6.9 involving water pipework 
for the additional 
equipment, or complete replacement of 
corresponding water side 
pumping system 
insulation thickness 6.11 involving corresponding 
additional or replacement 
pipework, ductwork or 
casing handling unit(s) serving the 
area 
efficiency of 
motor 7.5 additional or 
replacement air handling 
units at or 
exceeding [60kW] 
involving additional or 
replacement water pump, 
air handling unit or fan 
air- conditioning 
equipment efficiency 6.12 nil 
 
pumping system variable flow 6.8 involving for the additional or 
replacement air-conditioning equipment the addition or complete replacement 
of corresponding water side pumping 
system, and with independent system operation 
frictional loss of 
piping 6.9 involving water pipework for the 
additional equipment, or complete 
replacement of corresponding water side pumping system 
insulation thickness 6.11 involving corresponding additional or 
replacement pipework, ductwork or casing 
energy meter 6.13 nil (b) Addition or 
replacement of unitary 
air-conditioner 
or chiller of a cooling/heating 
rating at or 
exceeding [350kW] 
efficiency of 
motor 7.5 involving additional or replacement 
water pump, air handling unit or fan 
circuit copper loss 7.4 work involving a complete feeder, 
sub-main or final circuit 
circuit total 
power factor 7.6.1 
circuit total 
harmonic distortion 7.6.2 work involving the main LV switchboard
final circuit single 
phase load 
balancing 7.6.3 work involving complete final circuit (c) Addition or 
replacement of complete 
electrical circuit 
at rating [400A three-phase or 
above] 
metering & 
monitoring 7.7 work involving additional switch cubicle 
in LV switchboard Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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20090819 Preliminary Draf t
Table 10.1 
Major Retrofitting Works and Energy Efficiency Requirements  
Category of Major Retrofitting Work Applicable 
Requirement Clause 
No. in 
this CodeCondition for Applicability of 
Requirement 
electrical power 
for traction lift 8.4 involving lift with machine above and 
with 1:1 or 2:1 suspension roping 
system 
electrical power 
for hydraulic lift, escalator and 
passenger 
conveyor 8.4 
total power factor 8.5.1 
lift standby mode 8.5.3 
total harmonic 
distortion 8.6 
metering & 
monitoring 8.7 nil (d) Addition or 
replacement of motor drive 
and mechanical 
drive of a lift, escalator or 
passenger 
conveyor 
lift decoration 
load 8.5.2 involving addition of lift car 
 
.Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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11. Requirements on Maintenance 
 
11.1 The requirements in the Ordinance for th e purpose of renewal of  the Certificate of 
Compliance Registration will be deemed to  be satisfied if the following minimum 
maintenance requirements are followed - 
 11.1.1 The energy efficiency standard of the cen tral building services inst allation of a building 
covered by the Certificate of Compliance Registration should be maintained to a standard 
not lower than the corresponding Code stan dard adopted in the Certificate of 
Compliance Registration; 
 
11.1.2 For the part of altered or replaced insta llations, if any, which are covered by a Form of 
Compliance under the scope of major retrofitting works, such part of installations should 
be maintained to a standard not lower than  the corresponding Code standard adopted in 
the Form of Compliance; 
 
11.1.3 Minor alteration or replacement of the insta llations, if any, which are not covered by any 
Form of Compliance under the scope of major retrofitting works, carried out subsequent 
to the issuance of the Certificate of Comp liance Registration should not lower the energy 
efficiency performance of the installation to a standard stipulated in the Code applicable 
to the original installations before such al teration or replacement works are carried out; 
 
11.1.4 As-built records of the installations, in cluding their subsequent alterations, should be 
maintained according to the good trade practice to facilitate inspections; 
 11.1.5 Records on energy consumptions or from wh ich energy consumptions could be derived, 
obtained through metering facilit ies required in the Code, should be kept for regular 
review of the energy performance of the installations. 
 11.1.6 Operation and maintenance documents such  as manufacturers’ ma intenance manuals of 
the installations should be kept to fa cilitate planning of maintenance; and 
 11.1.7 Proper operation and main tenance logs should be kept for regular review of the 
operating performance of the installations. 
 11.2 While good engineering and tr ade practices should be adopt ed in maintenance of the 
energy efficiency performance of the insta llations, due consideration would be allowed 
for normal wear and tear for degrading of energy efficiency performance of the installations over time gradua lly, provided that the design standard of such installations Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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has not been lowered in any alte ration or replacement works.  
 Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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Appendix 1 
Guidelines on Calculation of Cable Loss 
 
This appendix provides a guidance on the calculat ion of copper losses in circuits for fulfilling 
Section 7 of the Code.  A1 Resistance of Copper Cable 
 
A1.1 Table A1 below provides resistance valu es of copper cables, wh ich can be based upon in 
the selection of appropriate cable sizes for fu lfilling the requirements on allowable percentage 
copper loss in an electrical circuit. 
 
Table A1 : Conductor (copper) Resistance for PVC and XLPE Cable
 
at 50 Hz Single-phas e or Three-phase a.c.  
Conductor Resistance (mΩ/m) 
Multicore Armoured & 
Non-armoured  #1 Single-core PVC/XLPE Non-armoured,  
with or without sheath  #2 
PVC cable at max. 
conductor operating 
temperature of 70 °C XLPE cable at max. 
conductor operating 
temperature of 90 °C Conductor 
cross- 
sectional 
area 
(mm2) PVC cable at 
max. 
conductor 
operating 
temperature 
of 70°C XLPE cable at 
max. 
conductor 
operating 
temperature 
of 90°C Enclosed in 
conduit/ 
trunking Clipped direct 
or on tray, 
touching Enclosed in 
conduit/ 
trunking Clipped direct 
or on tray, 
touching 
1.5 14.5 15.5 14.5 14.5 15.5 15.5 
2.5 9 9.5 9 9 9.5 9.5 
4 5.5 6 5.5 5.5 6 6 
6 3.65 3.95 3.65 3.65 3.95 3.95 
10 2.2 2.35 2.2 2.2 2.35 2.35 
16 1.4 1.45 1.4 1.4 1.45 1.45 
25 0.875 0.925 0.9 0.875 0.925 0.925 
35 0.625 0.675 0.65 0.625 0.675 0.675 
50 0.465 0.495 0.475 0.465 0.5 0.495 
70 0.315 0.335 0.325 0.315 0.35 0.34 
95 0.235 0.25 0.245 0.235 0.255 0.245 
120 0.19 0.2 0.195 0.185 0.205 0.195 
150 0.15 0.16 0.155 0.15 0.165 0.16 
185 0.125 0.13 0.125 0.12 0.135 0.13 
240 0.095 0.1 0.0975 0.0925 0.105 0.1 
300 0.0775 0.08 0.08 0.075 0.0875 0.08 
400 0.0575 0.065 0.065 0.06 0.07 0.065 
500 - - 0.055 0.049 0.06 0.0525 
630 - - 0.047 0.0405 0.05 0.043 
800 - - - 0.034 -- 0.036 
1000 - - - 0.0295 - 0.0315 
#1 Based on Table 4D2B, 4D4B, 4E2B & 4E4B, BS7671 , The Regulations for Electrical Installations
#2 Based on Table 4D1B & 4E1B, BS7671 
 Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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A2 Cable Sizing 
 The relationship among circuit design current I
b, nominal rating of protective device I n and  
effective current-carrying capacity of conductor I z for an electrical circuit can be expressed as: 
    I b ≤ In  ≤ Iz  
 
A2.1 Conventional Method  
 Assumption: The supply voltages and load cu rrents are sinusoidal and balanced among the 
three phases in a three-phase 4-wire power distribution system.  
Calculated minimum tabulated value of current: I
t (min)  = 
i g anC1
C1
C1I ×××    
Effective current-carrying capacity : I z  =  I t  x C a x C g x C i      
 Where I
t = the value of current tabulated in Appendix 4 of BS7671 
  C a = Correction factor for ambient temperature 
  C g = Correction factor for grouping 
  C i = Correction factor for thermal insulation 
 A2.2  Accounting for Power Factor and Losses due to Harmonic Distortion in Circuits with 
Non-linear Loads 
 
Displacement Power Factor & Total Power Factor 
 
 Consider a circuit with non-linear load current I,  which is the r.m.s. value of fundamental I
1 and 
all harmonic components I 2, I3, I4, ..., an expression of the power factor can be given as 
follows:   Assumption:  The circuit is fed from a line voltage U having a low value of distortion and only 
the fundamental sinusoidal value U
1 is significant: 
 Apparent Power:  S = UI  
     S
2 = (UI)2= U 12( I12+ I22 +I32 +I42 + ....) 
       =  U 12 I12cos2θ + U 12 I12sin2θ + U 12( I22 +I32 +I42 + ....) 
 
According to this expression in the distorted ci rcuit, the apparent power contains three major 
components: 
(1) Active Power in kW : P = U 1 I1 cosθ   Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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(This is the effect ive useful power) 
(2) Reactive Power in kVAr : Q = U 1 I1sinθ 
(This is the fluctuating power due to the fundamental component and coincides 
with the conventional concept of reactive power in an inductive circuit consumed 
and returned to the network during the creation of magnetic fields) 
(3) Distortion Power in kVAd  D2 = U 12.( I22 +I32 +I42 + ....) 
 D = U 1√( I22 +I32 +I42 + ....)(This power appears only in distorted circuits 
and its physical meaning is that of a fl uctuating power due to the presence of 
harmonic currents) 
 The relationship among these three power com ponents can be shown in the following power 
triangles in Figure A2 :   
(1) Fundamental Components : S
12 = P2 + Q 12   
with Displacement Power Factor cos θ = P/S 1) 
 
(2) Fluctuating Power : Q T2 = Q 12  + D2  
 (3) Power Triangle in Distorted Circuit : S
2 = Q T2  + P2   
with Total Power Factor cos γ = P/S , which is always smaller than the 
Displacement Power Factor cos θ, and can be improved by either reducing the 
amount of harmonic distortion power (k VAd) or reactive power (kVAr) 
         
Fig. A2 - Power Triangles for Apparent Power, Active Power, 
 
Reactive Power & Distortion Power  
 QT
P(kW)S(kVA)
S1(kVA)
Q1(kVAr ) D(kVAd ) 
γ 
θCode of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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A3 Copper Loss Calculation  
 
A3.1  For a Three-phase Balanced and Linear Circuit:  
 
Apparent power transmitted along the circuit conductors in VA, bLIU3 S=  
Active power transmitted along the circuit conductors in W, cosθIU3 PbL=  
Total copper losses in conductors in W, LrI3 P2
1 copper ×××=   
where U L = Line to line voltage, 380V 
 I b = I1 = Design current (with no distorti on) of the circuit in ampere 
 cosθ = Power factor of the circuit 
 r = a.c. resistance per metre at  the conductor operating temperature 
 L = Length of the cable in metre 
 Percentage copper loss with respect to the total acti ve power transmitted, 
% loss = 
θcosIU3LrI3
1L2
1××× 
Therefore, max. r (m Ω/m) =
LI31000 cosU max.%loss
1L
××××× θ 
Appropriate conductor size can th en be selected from Table A1 based on calculated value 
of r.  Correction for copper loss calculation due to various conductor operating temperature 
can be carried out as follows:  Conductor operating temperature at design current I
b , which = I 1 , is given by: 
() 30t
IIttp 2
t2
1
a 1 −+=  
where  t a  =  actual or expected ambient temperature 
  t p  =  maximum permitted conduc tor operating temperature 
ambient temperature = 30 °C 
 
The resistance of a copper conductor R t at temperature t 1 is given by:  
() [] 20tα1RR1 20 20 t −+=  Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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where R 20 = conductor resistance at 20 °C 
 α20 = temperature coefficient of resistance of copper at 20 °C 
(0.00393/ °C ) 
or alternatively,  
()10 0 t tα1RR +=  
where R 0 = conductor resistance at 0 °C 
α0 = temperature coefficient of resistance of copper at 0 °C 
(0.00428/ °C ) 
Therefore ratio, 
p1
p010
pt
t 230t 230
tα1tα1
RR
++≈++=    
 
A3.2 For a Three-phase Balanced Non-Line ar Circuit Having Known Harmonic Current:  
 Apparent power transmitted along th e circuit conductors in VA,  
bLIU3 S=    
where  ∑∞
==
1h2
h b I I .......III2
32
22
1 +++=  
From definition: 
12h2
h
I)(I
THD∑∞
==    
Therefore, 2
1 b THD+1I=I  
And, the fundamental current 
2b
1THD+1I=I   
Assuming voltage distortion is small, U L  = U 1, and active power transmitted along the 
circuit conductors in W is given by:  
 cosθIU3 P1L=  
where U L = Supply line voltage at 380V 
  I 1 = Fundamental phase current of the circuit in ampere 
  cos θ = Displacement power factor of the circuit 
 
And, Total Power Factor = 
2THD+1cosθ=SP Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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Assuming the skin and proximity effects are small, total copper lo sses in conductors 
including neutral in W is given by:  
 Lr)II(3 P2
N2
b copper ××+×=   
where  IN = Neutral current of the circuit in ampere 
 ......III32
92
62
3 +++×=  
  I b = Design r.m.s. phase current of the circuit in ampere 
  r = a.c. resistance per metre at the conductor operating temperature 
  L = Length of the cable in metre 
 Percentage copper loss with respect to the total acti ve power transmitted, 
% loss = 
cosθIU3Lr)II(3
1L2
N2
b ××+× 
Therefore, max. r (m Ω/m) =
L)II(31000 cosθ IU3 max.%loss
N2
b1 L
×+×××××× 
Appropriate conductor size can th en be selected from Table A1 based on calculated value 
of r.  Correction for copper loss calculation due to various conductor operating temperature 
can be carried out as follows:  Conductor operating temperat ure at phase current I
b & neutral current I N  is given by: 
 ()30t
)(3I)I (3Ittp 2
t2
N b
a 1 −++=  
where  ta = actual or expected ambient temperature 
  t p = maximum permitted conduc tor operating temperature 
 The resistance of a copper conductor R
t at temperature t 1 is given by:  
 ()10 0 t tα1RR +=  
where R 0 = conductor resistance at 0 °C 
 α0 = temperature coefficient of resistance of copper at 0 °C 
(0.00428/ °C ) 
 
Therefore ratio, 
p1
p010
pt
t 230t 230
tα1tα1
RR
++≈++=  
 Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
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A3.3 For a Circuit Consisting of Different Components  
 A circuit such as feeder or sub-circuit may consist of two or more component sections.  
The percentage copper loss in each component  section should be calculated and added 
up to arrive at the overall percentage copper loss.   
 Consider a sub-circuit consisting of a rise r serving 10 nos. floors with tee-off on each 
floor and a lateral tee-off on 10/F to a local distribution board.  The overall percentage 
copper loss is given by:  
cl
m / tap m + cl 1r / tap 1r + cl 2r / tap 2r + …………..+ cl 10r / tap 10r + cl t / tap t  
(summing up for all portions of the rising mains) 
 
 where cl : copper loss   tap : total active power   m : portion of sub-circuit from LV main switch on G/F to rising main   1r : 1/F portion of riser from G/F to 1/F   2r : 2/F portion of riser from 1/F to 2/F    :     :   10r : 10/F portion of riser from 9/F to 10/F 
  t : portion of sub-circuit tee-off from riser to local distribution board 
(in case of a feeder the portion of tee-off to the current-using equipment) 
    Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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Appendix 2 
 
Calculation of total energy consumption in  a building or premis es using numerical 
method for building energy analysis 
 
[Remark: Reinforcement of conceptual requi rement to input actual data in energy 
simulation and adjustments to Tables A1 and A2 being  finalized .] 
 
A1 Introduction 
 A1.1 The calculation of total energy consumpt ion in a building or premises is based on a 
numerical method for building energy analysis.  The purpose of the calculation is to develop 
fair and consistent eval uations of the energy performance of the effects of deviations from the 
energy efficiency requirements give n in Sections 5 to 8 that can be collectively regarded as the 
prescriptive requirements.  Si mplifying assumptions if adopted should be aimed to rationalize 
the modeling or simulation without compromi sing the intent of energy efficiency. 
 A1.2 Information of the building design shoul d be translated into building description 
data required for the energy calculation and simulation.  The designed building should be 
represented in the energy calculation tool us ing the format required for the building energy 
analysis and simulation process.  A1.3 The reference building should be devel oped by modifying the description of the 
designed building, which should have  all the features of the designed building, but be modified 
to meet all the prescriptive requirements in Sections 5 to 8.   A1.4 Definition of Terms  
‘building envelope’: is the ensemble of the building’s external walls as defined under 
Building Regulations. 
 
‘conditioned floor area’: is the floor area of co nditioned space, as measured at the floor 
level within the interior surfaces of walls enclosing the conditioned space. 
 ‘conditioned space’: has the meaning in Section 5.  
‘design documents’: means the documents for describing the building design or building 
system design, such as drawings and specifications.  ‘lighting power’: means the electrical power consumed by lighting installations of an 
illuminated space.  ‘modelling assumptions’: are the conditions (such as weather conditions, thermostat 
settings and schedules, internal heat gain, operation schedules, etc.) that are used for 
calculating a building's annual ener gy consumption in this Code. 
 ‘non-renewable energy’: means energy derived from non-renewable energy sources such as 
coal, oil and natural gas.  ‘OTTV Code’: means Code of Practice for Overall Thermal Transfer Value in Buildings, Cap. 
123M and the subsequent amendment. Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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‘overall thermal transfer value’ (OTTV) (unit: W/m2): means the overall thermal transfer 
value defined and specified in the OTTV Code.  
‘recovered energy’: means waste energy recovered at the building site that is used to offset 
consumption of purchased fuel or electrical energy supplies.  ‘renewable energy’: means thermal, chemical , or electrical energy derived from direct 
conversion of incident solar radiation or other renewable energy sources at the building site 
and used to offset consumption of purchased fuel or electrical energy supplies. For the 
purposes of applying this Code, renewable en ergy should not include passive heat gain 
through fenestration systems.  ‘space conditioning system’: is a system that provides either collectively or individually 
cooling, heating, or ventilating within or asso ciated with conditioned spaces in a building. 
 ‘shading coefficient (SC)’: is the ratio of sola r heat gain at normal incidence through glazing 
to that through 3 mm thick clear, double-strength gl ass. Shading coefficien t, as used herein, 
does not include interior, exterior , or integral shading devices. 
 ‘skylight-roof ratio’: is the ratio of skylight area to gross roof area.  ‘thermal block’: means a collection of one  or more HVAC zones grouped together for 
simulation purposes. Spaces need not be contiguous to be combined within a single 
thermal block. 
 ‘unconditioned space’: is the enclosed spac e within a building that is not directly 
conditioned.  
‘window-wall ratio’: is the ratio of vertical fe nestration area to gro ss exterior wall area. 
 
A1.5 Abbreviations and Acronyms 
 
kWh kilowatt hour 
L/s/psn litre per second per person MWh megawatt hour W/m
2 Watt per square metre 
W/m2-oC Watt per square metre-degree Celcius 
 
A2 Numerical Method for Building Energy Analysis 
 A2.1  The numerical method for the building energy analysis should be designed for the 
estimation of energy consumption in buildings  in a comprehensive manner and should include 
calculation methodologies for the building components or systems being considered. 
 A2.2  The use of an hour-by-hour, full-year, mu ltiple-zone numerical analysis for modelling 
and simulating the design energy and energy bu dget is required. Simpler tools are allowed if 
they have been shown to produce equivalent re sults for the type of building and relevant 
building features and/or systems being considered.  A2.3  The simulation program should use scientif ically justifiable tec hniques and procedures 
for modelling building loads, systems, and equipmen t. It should simulate or model the thermal 
behaviour of buildings and the interaction of their building fabric, air-conditioning, lighting and Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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other relevant energy consuming equipment. 
 A2.4  The simulation program to be used should have the ability to eith er directly determine 
the design energy and energy budget, or produce si mulation reports of energy use suitable for 
determining the design energy and energy budget using a separate calculation engine. 
 A2.5  The simulation program should be capabl e of performing design load calculations to 
determine required air-conditioning  equipment capacities and air and water flow rates for both 
the designed building and reference building.  A2.6  When a simulation program is used to  verify compliance with the Code via the 
performance-based approach in Section 9, essential information about its modelling capabilities, 
calculation techniques and validatio n results should be provided for evaluation and approval by 
EMSD.  A3 Evaluation of Building Energy Performance  A3.1  General Requirements  A3.1.1 
Trade-Offs Limited to Compliance Areas . When compliance applies to a portion of a 
building, only the calculation pa rameters related to the system s for the areas concerned should 
be allowed to vary. Parameters in  relation to unmodified existing conditions or to future building 
components should be identical for both the ener gy budget and the design energy calculations. 
 A3.1.2 
Climatic Data . Weather data used with the simulation program must be appropriate 
for the complexity of design features. The climatic data used in the energy analysis should cover 
a full calendar year of 8,760 hours and should refl ect coincident hourly da ta for temperature, 
solar radiation, humidity and wind speed base d on data from the Hong Kong Observatory. The 
weather data should be fully verified and justifie d. The same weather data must be used for the 
calculation of the designed build ing and reference building.  W eather data of Test Reference 
Year or weather data in the form at of Typical Meteorological Year  should preferably be used in 
the energy calculation.  A3.1.3 
Operating Schedule . Building operation should be simulated for a full calendar year. 
Operating schedules should include hourly prof iles for daily operation and should account for 
variation between weekdays, weeke nds, holidays, and any seasonal operation, where applicable. 
The schedules should model the time-dependent va riations of occupancy, lighting, equipment 
loads, thermostat settings, mechanical ventila tion, air-conditioning equipment availability, and 
any process loads.  A3.1.4 
Occupant-sensitive Features . Occupant behaviour should not be relied upon to achieve 
consistent and permanent reducti ons in building energy consumption. Design features that 
depend on the co-operation of the occupants such as the use of blinds should be excluded from 
the energy calculation.  A3.1.5 
Renewable Energy . Useful energy generated from  renewable energy sources or 
recovered from suitable source s can be considered in the evaluation of building energy 
performance, provided that the sources are reliabl e and appropriate method is used to estimate 
the energy generation. To provide credit for th ese sources in the Code compliance, renewable Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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energy or recovered energy for routine duty can be excluded from the design energy allowed for 
the building. Where renewable energy or reco vered energy are used, the reference building 
design should be based on the energy source used as  the back-up energy source or electricity if 
no backup energy source has been specified.  A3.1.6 
Professional Judgement . Although certain modelling techniques and compliance 
assumptions applied to the designed building are fi xed or restricted, there are other aspects of 
computer modelling for which profes sional judgement is necessary. In those instances, it must be 
exercised properly in evaluating whether a give n assumption is appropriate. EMSD has full 
discretion to accept or not a particular input, especi ally if the user has not substantiated the value 
with supporting evidence and documentation.  A3.1.7 
Exclusions . The energy calculation can exclude such consumptions/loadings for 
installations exempted from the compliance of the Ordinance, such as fire services, and essential 
health and safety-related installations.  
A3.2  Determination of Design Energy for the Designed Building 
 A3.2.1 
Simulation Model . The simulation model of the desi gned building should be consistent 
with the design documents, including proper a ccounting of window and wall types and area; 
lighting power and controls; air-conditioning system types, sizes, and controls; and so on. The 
major building systems including building enve lope, lighting and air-conditioning must be 
included in the energy calculation. Other buildi ng systems are often exclude d or kept constant in 
the building energy simulation. But on an except ional situation (A3.4 below), these systems may 
be included in the energy analysis, provided th at an appropriate calculation method is proposed 
and demonstrated to the satisfaction of EMSD.  A3.2.2 
System Capacities and Data . When air-conditioning, lightin g and other appropriate 
building systems and equipment are included in the energy calculation, they should be simulated 
for the designed building using capacities, rated efficiencies, and part-load performance data for 
the proposed equipment as provided by the equi pment manufacturer. If a system or equipment 
has not been completely determined and spec ified, its information should be based on 
reasonable assumptions of the design or constru ction of such system or equipment. These 
assumptions should be based on a ppropriate professional judgement  and all of them should be 
documented so that these systems and equi pment can be subject to verification. 
 A3.2.3 
Yet-to-be-designed Features . When the method is applied to buildings in which 
energy-related features have not yet been designed, those yet-to -be-designed feat ures should be 
described in the designed building so that they mi nimally comply with app licable requirements of 
Sections 5 to 8. Where the space classification for a portion of the building is not known, the 
portion should be assumed a reasonable occupancy appropriate to the building project. All the 
assumptions should be documented and subject to verification. 
 A3.2.4 
Building Envelope . All components of the building envelope in the designed building 
should be modelled as shown on ar chitectural drawings or as installed for existing building 
envelopes. If necessary, reference should also be made to the approved plans in the relevant 
submission for the OTTV Code.  Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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A3.2.5 Lighting . Lighting power in the design s hould be determined as follows: 
(a) Where a complete lighting syst em exists, the actual lighting power should be used in 
the model. 
(b) Where a lighting system has been designed,  lighting power should be determined in 
accordance with the design. 
(c) Where no lighting system has been specified but it is expected, lighting power should 
be determined in accordance with building and space type categories given in clause 
A3.5. 
 A3.2.6 
Air-conditioning  The air-conditioning system ty pe and all related performance 
parameters in the proposed design sh ould be determined as follows: 
(a) Where a complete air-conditioning system ex ists, the model should reflect the actual 
system type using actual compone nt capacities and efficiencies. 
(b) Where an air-conditioning system has be en designed, the air-conditioning model 
should be consistent with the design. So me simulation software might require the 
efficiencies of mechanical equipment to be adjusted fro m actual design conditions to 
the standard rating conditions. 
(c) Where no cooling system has been specified but it is expected, the cooling system 
should be modelled as a simple air-cooled single-zone system, one unit per thermal 
block. The system characteristics should be  identical to the system modelled in the 
reference building. 
(d) Where no heating system has been specified but it is expected, the heating system 
should be modelled as electric. The system ch aracteristics should be identical to the 
system modelled in th e reference building. 
 A3.2.7 
Lift and Escalator . Good energy efficient practices of lift and escalator design are 
specified in the basic requirements and normally  no trade-off should be allowed. Under an 
exceptional situation in clause A3.4, lift and es calator systems may be included in the energy 
analysis, provided that an appropriate ca lculation method is proposed and verified. 
 A3.2.8 
Other Systems . Other building systems may be mode lled using exceptio nal calculation 
methods (3.4 below). If they are modelled, pe rformance should be as indicated on design 
documents. Miscellaneous internal loads, such as those due to office and other equipment, 
should be estimated based on the building a nd space type categories in clause A3.5. 
 
A3.2.9 Exclusion of Building Components and Systems . To simplify the calculation procedures, 
some building components and systems in the proposed design may be excluded from the 
simulation model provided that: 
(a) the component energy usage does not affect the energy usage of systems and 
components that are consid ered for trade-off; or 
(b) the excluded components can meet the releva nt requirements of Sections 5 to 8. 
 A3.2.10 
Alterations and Additions . For a design relating to major retro-fitting of an existing 
building, on the building itself or its building serv ices, it is acceptable to demonstrate compliance 
using building models that exclude parts of th e existing building provided all of the following 
conditions are met: 
(a) Work to be performed in the excluded parts of the building should meet the 
requirements of Sections 5 to 8. 
(b) The excluded parts of the building are se rved by air-conditioning systems that are Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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entirely separate from those which are included in the building model. 
(c) Design space temperature and air-conditi oning system operating set points and 
schedules, on either side of the boundary between included and excluded parts of the 
building, are identical. 
 A3.2.11 
Limitations to the Simulation Program . If the simulation program cannot model a 
component or system included in  the designed building, one of the following methods should be 
used subject to the approval of EMSD: 
(a) Ignore the component or system if the impa ct on the trade-offs being considered is 
not significant. 
(b) Model the component or system by s ubstituting a thermodynamically similar 
component or system model. 
(c) Model the component or system using th e same component or system of the 
reference building. 
 Whichever method is selected, the component should be modelled iden tically for both the 
designed building and reference building.  
A3.3  Determination of Energy Budget for the Reference Building 
 A3.3.1 
Simulation Model . The simulation model of the reference building should be 
developed by modifying the model of the designed building as described in clause A3.2. Except 
as specifically instructed in A3.2 and in th is clause, all appropria te building systems and 
equipment should be modelled identically for bot h the reference building and designed building. 
 A3.3.2 
Building Envelope . The reference building should have  identical conditioned floor area 
and identical exterior dimensions and orientations as the designed building, except as noted in 
(a), (b), and (c) in this clause. For existing bu ilding envelopes, the reference building should 
reflect existing conditions prior to any revisions. For new building envelopes, the envelope model 
of the reference building should be modified from that used in the designed building as follows: 
(a) Opaque assemblies such as roof, floors, door s, and walls should be  modelled as having 
the same heat capacity as th e designed building (non-trade-off). 
(b) All roof surfaces should be modelled with a solar absorptivity of 0.7 (non-trade-off). 
(c) No shading projections are to be modelled; fenestration should be assumed to be flush 
with the exterior wall or roof. 
 A3.3.3 
OTTV . The building envelope (including all exte rnal walls and roofs) of the reference 
building should satisfy the requirements in th e OTTV Code. To determine the appropriate 
envelope parameters for the re ference building, the designer should adjust from the envelope 
model of the designed building the combinations  of the window-wall ratio and skylight-roof 
ratio, and the shading coefficients of windo ws and skylights so as to meet the OTTV 
requirements.  A3.3.4 
Lighting . Regarding lighting power density of th e reference building,  reference should 
be made to the category determined for the desi gned building, that is building type or space 
type. Then, identify for each space a corresponding  type of space in clause A3.5, and use the 
corresponding maximum allowable lighting power dens ity values for the spaces of the reference 
building. Lighting controls should be the minimum required in Section 5. Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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A3.3.5 Air-conditioning . The air-conditioning system and equipment type of the reference 
building should be the same as the designed bui lding, but the system and equipment of the 
reference building should exactly meet th e relevant requirements in Section 6. 
 A3.3.6 
Lift and Escalator . Lift and escalator systems are usually excluded in the building 
energy simulation, and under such circumstance if they are considered in the energy analysis, the 
related systems or components should be the same  as those of the designed building.  Should a 
trade-off of lift or escalator energy consum ption between the designed building and the 
reference building be adopted, the proc edure in clause A3.4 should apply. 
 A3.3.7 
Other Systems . Other systems and miscellaneous load s, if they are considered, should 
be modelled as identical to those in the design ed building. Where there are specific efficiency 
requirements in Sections 5 to 8, these systems or components should be modelled as having the 
lowest efficiency allowed by those requirements.  
A3.4  Exceptional Calculation Methods 
 A3.4.1 Where no simulation program is available to adequately models a design, material, or 
device, EMSD may approve an exceptional calculation method to be used to demonstrate 
compliance. An application for approval of an exceptional method should be made. The criteria 
for acceptance of exceptional ca lculation methods are not easy to define and EMSD will consider 
the specific case based on professional judge ment and will provide a reasonable assessment. 
 A3.4.2 For approval of an exceptional method, theoretical and empirica l information verifying 
the method’s accuracy should be submitted, wh ich should include the following documentations 
to demonstrate that the exceptiona l calculation method and results: 
(a) make no change in any input  parameter values specifie d in Section 9 and this 
Appendix; 
(b) provide input and output documentation that facilitates EMSD’s review and meets the 
formatting and content required by EMSD; and 
(c) are supported by clear and concise instruct ions for using the method to demonstrate 
that the energy budget requirement is met; 
(d) are reliable and accurate relative to the appropriate computer program; and 
(e) establishes factors that, when applied to the method’s outputs, result in energy 
budgets that are equivalent to those in this Appendix. 
 A3.4.3 When an exceptional me thod is proposed and used, a de tailed evaluation report of the 
energy consumption of the designed building and the building’s materials, components, and 
manufactured devices proposed to be installed to meet the requi rements of Section 9 and this 
Appendix should be provided. The evaluation  should include a copy of the technique, 
instructions for its use, a list of  all input data, and all other info rmation required to replicate the 
results.  A3.5  Modelling Assumptions and Methods  A3.5.1 The detailed information described he re are the modelling assumptions and methods 
for calculating the design energy of the designed building and the energy budget of the Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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reference building. In order to maintain consistency between the two sets of calculations, the 
input assumptions in this Appendix should be used.  A3.5.2 ‘Prescribed’ assumptions should be us ed without variation. ‘Default’ assumptions 
should be used unless the designer can demons trate that a different assumption better 
characterizes the building’s use over its expected  life. Any modification of a default assumption 
should be used in modelling both the referenc e building and the designed building unless the 
designer demonstrates a clear cause to do otherwise.  A3.5.3 Orientations and Shape  
General Building Design  (prescribed assumption). The refere nce building should consist of the 
same number of stories and gross floor area fo r each story as the designed building. Each floor 
should be oriented exactly as the designed buildi ng. The geometric form should be the same as 
the designed building.  The orientation shoul d be the same as the designed building. 
 A3.5.4 Space Use  All ‘air-conditioned’ thermal blocks or spaces shoul d be classified as either building type (all 
spaces having the same function) or space type  (spaces having different functions), and a space 
should be assigned a type sele cted from Table A1 or A2. 
 A3.5.5 Operating Schedules  The default operating schedule of a space should be  selected from Tables A3 to A10 below.  
The schedules are typical of the building type as  determined by the designer. Required schedules 
should be identical for the designed building and reference building. Operating schedules other 
than the default values are allowed but should be clearly defined and justified. 
 A3.5.6 Internal Loads  
(a) 
Occupanc y. Occupancy schedules should be defaul t assumptions. The same assumptions 
should be made in computing design energy c onsumption as are used in calculating the 
energy budget. Occupancy levels vary by buildi ng type and time of da y. Tables A1 and A2 
summarise the density presented that will be used by each bu ilding and space type. Tables 
A3 to A10 establish the percentage of the pe ople that are in the building by hours of the 
day for each building type. 
 (b) 
Lighting . Interior lighting power density for calculating the energy budget should be 
similar to the methodology in Section 5. The lighting power used to calculate the design 
energy should be the actual adjusted power of  the lighting design. If the lighting controls 
in the design are more energy efficient th an those required by Section 5, the actual 
installed lighting power should be used along wi th the schedules reflecting the action of 
the controls to calculate the design energy c onsumption. Lighting levels in buildings vary 
based on the type of uses within buildings, by area and by time of day. Tables A3 to A10 
contain the lighting energy profiles which esta blish the percentage of the lighting load 
that is ON in a building by hour of the day. Where there are specific requirements in Section 5, the component efficiency in the reference building should be adjusted to the 
lowest efficiency level allowed by the requirement for that component type. Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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(c) Equipment . Equipment loads and profiles are defa ult assumptions. The same assumptions 
should be made in calculating design energy as are used in calculating the energy budget. 
Equipment loads include all gene ral service loads that are typi cal in a building. These loads 
should include additional process electrical us age, but exclude air-conditioning primary or 
auxiliary electrical usage. Tables A1 and A2 establish the density in W/m2 to be used. The 
equipment energy profiles should be de termined using Tables A3 to A10. 
 A3.5.7 Building Envelope  
(a) 
Infiltration . Infiltration assumptions should use the prescribed assumptions for calculating 
the total energy budget and default assumpti ons for the design energy consumption.  
Infiltration should impact only perimeter zones. When the ai r-conditioning system is ON, 
no infiltration should be assumed to occur. When the air-conditioning system is OFF, the 
infiltration rate for exterior walls of the building with entrance doors/revolving doors or 
with operable windows should be assumed to be: (i) for glazed entrance doors and for 
revolving doors, 5 L/s per m2 of door area, and (ii) for operable windows, 2 L/s per m2 of 
the respective window area. 
 (b) 
Envelope and Ground Absorptivities . Absorptivity assumptions should be prescribed 
assumptions for the reference building and de fault assumptions for the designed building. 
The solar absorptivity of opaque elements of  the building envelope should be assumed to 
be 70 percent. The solar absorptivity of  ground surfaces should be assumed to be 80 
percent (20 percent reflectivity). 
 (c) 
Window Management . If the plans and specifications s how interior shading devices which 
perform better than a medium-colored Venetian  blind, then those shading devices may be 
modelled in the designed building, and the reference building shoul d be modelled with 
medium-colored Venetian blinds. Otherwis e, interior shading should be modelled 
identically in the proposed and reference build ings, either with medium-colored Venetian 
blinds or without interior shades. 
 (d) 
Shading . For reference buildings and the desi gned building, shading by permanent 
structures, terrain, and vegetation may be taken into account for computing energy 
consumption, whether or not these features are located on the building site. A permanent 
fixture is one that is likely to remain for the life of the proposed design. 
 (e) 
Window Areas . The fraction of total window area in each orientation should be equal for 
both the reference and designed building. For example, if the designed building has 40% 
of window area facing north, then the refe rence building should also have 40% of 
window area facing north. 
 (f) 
Thermal Mass . If no information is available for determining the thermal mass of the 
building envelope, medium weight construct ion should be assumed in the modelling. 
 A3.5.8 Air-conditioning Systems  
(a) 
Thermal Blocks and Air-conditioning Zones . Thermal blocks for the reference building and 
designed building should be identical. Where air-conditioning z ones are defined on Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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air-conditioning design documents, each air-c onditioning zone should be modelled as a 
separate thermal block. Diffe rent air-conditioning zones may be combined to create a 
single thermal block or identica l thermal blocks to which mult ipliers are applied provided 
all of the following conditions are met: 
i) The space use classifica tion is the same throughout the thermal block. 
ii) All air-conditioning zones in the thermal block that are adjacent to glazed exterior 
walls face the same or ientation or their orientations are within 45 degrees of each 
other. 
iii) All of the zones are served by the same  air-conditioning system or by the same 
kind of air-conditioning system. 
 (b) 
Air-conditioning Zones Not Designed . Where the air-conditioning zones and systems have 
not yet been designed, thermal blocks should be defined based on similar internal load 
densities, occupancy, lighting, thermal and space temperature schedules, and in 
combination with the following guidelines: 
i) Separate thermal blocks should be assume d for interior and perimeter spaces. 
Interior spaces should be those located greater than 4 m from an exterior wall. 
Perimeter spaces should be those located closer than 4 m from an exterior wall. 
ii) Separate thermal blocks should be assumed fo r spaces adjacent to glazed exterior 
walls; a separate zone should be provided fo r each orientation, except orientations 
that differ by no more than 45 degrees may be considered to be the same 
orientation. Each zone should include all floor area that is 4 m or less from a 
glazed perimeter wall, except that floor ar ea within 4 m of glazed perimeter walls 
having more than one orientation shoul d be divided propo rtionately between 
zones. 
iii) Separate thermal blocks shoul d be assumed for spaces ha ving floors that are in 
contact with the ground or exposed to am bient conditions from zones that do not 
share these features. 
iv) Separate thermal blocks should be assume d for spaces having exterior ceiling or 
roof assemblies from zones that do not share these features. 
 
(c) Supply Air Flow Rates . The design air flow rate for ea ch thermal block of the designed 
building should be automatically calculated  by the simulation program based on the 
design cooling supply air temperature and heating supply air temperature. 
 
(d) Performance Parameters . The air-conditioning system’s performance parameters for the 
reference building should be dete rmined from the following rules: 
i) Components and parame ters not specifically addressed in Section 9 or this 
Appendix should be identical to those in the designed building. Where there are 
specific requirements in Section 6, th e component efficiency in the reference 
building should be adjusted to the lo west efficiency le vel allowed by the 
requirement for that component type. 
ii) All air-conditioning equipment in the refe rence building should be modelled at 
the minimum efficiency levels, both part lo ad and full load, in accordance with 
the requirements in Section 6. 
iii) Where equipment efficiency ratings include fan energy, the descriptor should be 
broken down into its components so th at supply fan energy can be modelled 
separately. 
iv) Minimum outdoor air ventilation rates shoul d be the same for both the reference Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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building and designed building. 
v) System design supply air flow rates for the reference building should be based on 
a supply-air-to-room-air temperature differe nce of 11°C. If return or relief fans 
are specified in the designed building, the reference building should also be 
modelled with the same fan type sized for the reference system supply fan air 
quantity less the minimum outdoor air, or  90% of the supply fan air quantity, 
whichever is larger. 
vi) Fan system efficiency (kW per L/s of suppl y air including the effect of belt losses 
but excluding motor and motor drive losses)  should be the same as the designed 
building or up to the limit prescribed in Section 6, whichever is smaller. 
vii) The equipment capacities for the refe rence building design should be sized 
proportionally to the capacities in the de signed building based on sizing runs; i.e., 
the ratio between the capacities used in the annual simulations and the capacities 
determined by the sizing runs should be  the same for both the designed building 
and reference building. Unmet load hour s for the designed building should not 
differ from unmet load hours for the refe rence building design by more than 50 
hours. 
 A3.5.9 Service Water Heating  
(a) 
Loads . The service water heating loads for refere nce buildings are defined in Tables A1 
and A2. The same service water heating load assumptions should be made in calculating 
design energy as are used in calculating the energy budget. 
 (b) 
Fuels . The fuel assumed for the service water heating equipment of the reference building 
should be the same as that for the designed building. 
 A3.5.10 Controls  
(a) 
Space Temperature Control s. Space temperature controls for the reference building 
should be the same as the designed buildi ng. The system should be OFF during off-hours 
according to the appropriate schedule in Tables A3 to A10. 
 (b) 
Throttling Range . The throttling range of room thermo stat should be set to no greater 
than 1°C. 
 (c) 
Outside Air Ventilation . When providing for outdoor air ventilation when calculating the 
energy budget, controls should be assumed to close the outside air intake to reduce the 
flow of outside air to zero during ‘setba ck’ and ‘unoccupied’ pe riods. Ventilation using 
inside air may still be required to ma intain scheduled se tback temp erature. 
 A3.5.11 Speculative Buildings  
(a) 
Lighting . The interior lighting power density for calculating the total energy budget should 
be determined from Tables A1 and A2. The design energy consumption may be based on 
an assumed adjusted lighting power for futu re lighting improvements. The assumption 
about future lighting power used to calcul ate the design energy consumption should be 
documented so that the future installed light ing systems may be in compliance with this 
assumption. Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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(b) Air-conditioning Systems and Equipment . If the air-conditioning system is not completely 
specified in the plans, the design energy consumption should be based on reasonable 
assumptions about the construction of futu re air-conditioning systems and equipment. 
These assumptions should be documented so that future air-conditioning systems and 
equipment may be in compliance with this assumption. 
 Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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(20090819) 72 of 77 Appendix Preliminary Draf t
Table A1  Building type categories: default assumptions 
 
Building Type Occupant 
Density 
(m2/person) Minimum 
Outdoor Air
(L/s/psn) Operating 
Schedule 
(Table A3 
to A10) Lighting 
Power 
Density
(W/m2)Equipment 
Power 
Density 
(W/m2) Service Water 
Heating 
(W/person)
Office 13 8 A 15 10 As design 
Restaurant  5 10 B 21 20 W/psn(*) As design 
Retail  10 8 C 18 --- As design 
Mall/Concourse/Atria 10 1 L/s/m2 C 23 --- As design 
Hotel 25 30 L/s per rm D 17 900W per rm 500 
Note: * 10 W per person for sensible heat  and 10 W per person for latent heat. 
 
Table A2  Space type categories: default assumptions  
 
Building Type Occupant 
Density 
(m2/person) Minimum 
Outdoor Air 
(L/s/psn) Operating 
Schedule 
(Tables A3 to 
A10) Lighting 
Power # 
Density
(W/m2)Equipment 
Power 
Density 
(W/m2) Service 
Water 
Heating 
(W-person)
Office       
General 8 8 A 25 As design
Hi-tech 8 8 A 50-70 As design
Lift lobby 10 1 L/s/m2 A --- As design
Reception/Waiting/ 
Recreation room 8 8 A --- As design
Data centre (server, 
mainframe computer) 10-15 8 A 500-900 As design
Bank business area 10 8 A 30 As design
Bank customer area 1.5 0.25 L/s/m2 A Table 5.4
in 
Section 5
--- As design
Restaurant      
Chinese restaurant 1 10 B 20 W/psn * As design
Western restaurant 1.5 10 B 20 W/psn * As design
Coffee shop/ Bar/ 
Lounge (smoking allowed)  1.5 15 B 10 As design
Canteen/food plaza 1 10 B 20 W/psn * As design
Kitchen  As design As design As design Table 5.4
in 
Section 5
As design As design
Retail       
Retail shop 2.5 8 C 30 As design
Shopping arcade 2.5 8 C 10 As design
Supermarket 12.5 8 C Table 5.4
in 
Section 5
5-10 As design
Educational activities       
Classroom/Lecture 
theatre/Laboratory       2    
(or no. of 
seat) 8 A 10 As design
Library  5 8 A Table 5.4
in 
Section 5
10 As design
Mass assembly area       
Auditorium  5 8 C Table 5.6 
in 5-10 As designCode of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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(20090819) 73 of 77 Appendix Preliminary Draf t
 
Building Type Occupant 
Density 
(m2/person) Minimum 
Outdoor Air 
(L/s/psn) Operating 
Schedule 
(Tables A3 to 
A10) Lighting 
Power # 
Density
(W/m2)Equipment 
Power 
Density 
(W/m2) Service 
Water 
Heating 
(W-person)
Exhibition hall /gallery 5 8 C 5-10 As design
Mass assembly 
area/assembly hall 1 8 E 5-10 As design
Theatre – Performing 
arts 2 
(or no. of 
seat) 8 E --- As design
Theatre – Motion picture  2 
(or no. of 
seat) 8 E Section 5
--- As design
Indoor sports grounds       
Spectator seating area 1.5 8 F --- As design
Indoor sports ground 
for amateur players 3 13 F --- As design
Indoor sports ground 
for tournament As design 13 F --- As design
Squash courts for 
amateur players 2 persons 13 F --- As design
Squash courts for 
tournament 2 persons 13 F --- As design
Indoor swimming pool 
for amateur players 3 13 F --- As design
Indoor swimming pool 
for tournament As design 13 F --- As design
Ice rink for amateur 
players 3 13 F --- As design
Ice rink for tournament As design 13 F Table 5.4
in 
Section 5
--- As design
Hotel       
Banquet room 1 10 B 20 
W/psn(*) 90 
Back-of-house area 4 8 G 20 
W/psn(*) 60 
Main entrance/large 
lobby 10 1 L/s/m2 G --- 30 
Health club 8-10 13 F --- 90 
Guest rooms As design 
(or 2 per rm) 30 L/s/room D Table 5.4
in 
Section 5
900W per 
room 500 
 
Note: *  10 W per person for sensible heat and 10 W per person for latent heat. 
# Use values in Table 5.4 in Section 5 for spaces not listed in this table.  Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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Table A3 : Operating schedule ‘A’: offices 
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819 20 21 22 23 24
Occupants   
Mon – Fri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 
Sat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Sun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Equipment  
Mon – Fri 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sat 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sun 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Lighting  
Mon – Fri 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 .9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.05 0.05
Sat 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0 .5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.05
Sun 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Fans  
Mon – Fri Off Off Off Off Off On  On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off Off Off Off 
Sat Off Off Off Off Off On  On On On On On On On On On Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off 
Sun Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off O ff Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off 
Cooling (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off Off Off Off Off 
Sat Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) ( *) (*) (*) (*) Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off 
Sun Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off O ff Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off 
Heating  (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off Off Off Off Off 
Sat Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) ( *) (*) (*) (*) Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off 
Sun Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off O ff Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off 
Hot Water  
Mon – Fri 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 .7 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.05 0.05 0.05
Sat 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0 .9 0.9 0.9 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Sun 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
 
Table A4 : Operating schedule ‘B-1’: western restaurants 
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Occupants   
Mon – Fri 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3
Sat 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5
Sun 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.3
Equipment  
Mon – Fri 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Sat 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Sun 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.5
Lighting  
Mon – Fri 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Sat 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Sun 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.5
Fans  
Mon – Fri On Off  Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On
Sat On Off  Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On
Sun On Off  Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On
Cooling (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri (*) Off  Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sat (*) Off  Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sun (*) Off  Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Heating  (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri (*) Off  Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sat (*) Off  Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sun (*) Off  Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Hot Water  
Mon – Fri 0.5 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0 .3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.6
Sat 0.6 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0 .3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7
Sun 0.6 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0 .3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.5
 Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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(20090819) 75 of 77 Appendix Preliminary Draf t
Table A5 : Operating schedule ‘B-2’: Chinese restaurants 
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Occupants   
Mon – Fri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.1 0 
Sat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.1 0 
Sun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.1 0 
Equipment  
Mon – Fri 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.1
Sat 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.1
Sun 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.1
Lighting  
Mon – Fri 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.1
Sat 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.1
Sun 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.1
Fans  
Mon – Fri Off  Off  Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On
Sat Off  Off  Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On
Sun Off  Off  Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On
Cooling (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri Off  Off  Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sat Off  Off  Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sun Off  Off  Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Heating  (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri Off  Off  Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sat Off  Off  Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sun Off  Off  Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Hot Water  
Mon – Fri 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.3 0 .3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.1
Sat 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.3 0 .3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.1
Sun 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0 .5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.1
 
Table A6 : Operating schedule ‘C’: retails  
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Occupants   
Mon – Fri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 
Sat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 
Sun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 
Equipment  
Mon – Fri 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 .9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.05 0.05 0.05
Sat 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 .9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.05 0.05 0.05
Sun 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 .9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.05 0.05 0.05
Lighting  
Mon – Fri 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 .9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.05 0.05 0.05
Sat 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 .9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.05 0.05 0.05
Sun 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 .9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.05 0.05 0.05
Fans  
Mon – Fri Off  Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off  Off Off 
Sat Off  Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off  Off Off 
Sun Off  Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off  Off Off 
Cooling (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri Off  Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off  Off Off 
Sat Off  Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off  Off Off 
Sun Off  Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off  Off Off 
Heating  (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri Off  Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off  Off Off 
Sat Off  Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off  Off Off 
Sun Off  Off Off Off Off Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off  Off Off 
Hot Water  
Mon – Fri 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 .6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.05 0.05 0.05
Sat 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 .9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.05 0.05 0.05
Sun 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 .9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.05 0.05 0.05Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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Table A7 : Operating schedule ‘D’: hotels  
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Occupants   
Mon – Fri 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9
Sat 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7
Sun 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8
Equipment  
Mon – Fri 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 .2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3
Sat 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 .1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sun 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0. 05 0.05 0.05 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 .1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2
Lighting  
Mon – Fri 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.3
Sat 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.3
Sun 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3
Fans  
Mon – Fri On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On
Sat On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On
Sun On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On
Cooling (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sat (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sun (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Heating  (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sat (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sun (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Hot Water  
Mon – Fri 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5
Sat 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5
Sun 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5
 
Table A8 : Operating schedule ‘E’: theatres  
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Occupants   
Mon – Fri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0 0 
Sat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0 0 
Sun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0 0 
Equipment  
Mon – Fri 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 .9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.1
Sat 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 .9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.1
Sun 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 .9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.1
Lighting  
Mon – Fri 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.05 0.05
Sat 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.05 0.05
Sun 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.05 0.05
Fans  
Mon – Fri Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  Off  Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off 
Sat Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  Off  Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off 
Sun Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  Off  Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off 
Cooling (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  Off  Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off Off 
Sat Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  Off  Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off Off 
Sun Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  Off  Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off Off 
Heating  (*) = temp erature as design 
Mon – Fri Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  Off  Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off Off 
Sat Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  Off  Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off Off 
Sun Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  Off  Off (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off Off 
Hot Water  
Mon – Fri 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.05 0.05
Sat 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.05 0.05
Sun 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.05 0.05Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
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(20090819) 77 of 77 Appendix Preliminary Draf t
Table A9 : Operating schedule ‘F’: sports  
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Occupants   
Mon – Fri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0 0 
Sat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0 0 
Sun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0 0 
Equipment  
Mon – Fri 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0 .9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.1
Sat 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0 .9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.1
Sun 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 1 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0 .9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.1
Lighting  
Mon – Fri 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.05 0.05
Sat 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.05 0.05
Sun 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.05 0.05
Fans  
Mon – Fri Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off 
Sat Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off 
Sun Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off 
Cooling (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off Off 
Sat Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off Off 
Sun Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off Off 
Heating  (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off Off 
Sat Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off Off 
Sun Off  Off  Off  Off Off  Off  (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Off Off 
Hot Water  
Mon – Fri 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.05 0.05
Sat 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.05 0.05
Sun 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.05 0.05
 
Table A10 : Operating schedule ‘G’: common activities areas  
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Occupants   
Mon – Fri 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Sat 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Sun 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Equipment  
Mon – Fri 0.9  0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Sat 0.9  0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Sun 0.9  0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Lighting  
Mon – Fri 0.9  0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Sat 0.9  0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Sun 0.9  0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Fans  
Mon – Fri On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On
Sat On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On
Sun On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On
Cooling (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sat (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sun (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Heating  (*) = temperature as design 
Mon – Fri (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sat (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Sun (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)
Hot Water  
Mon – Fri 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Sat 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Sun 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Building Services Installations EMSD 
 
CoP_EgyEffPreDft(ver01a) 
(20090327)  Forms Preliminary Draf t
 
 
 
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