Malus 
Note:   The entry conditions in this  schedule only apply to species in the Plants Biosecurity 
Index listed under Import Specifications for Nursery Stock as “see 155.02.06 under 
Malus ”, and are additional to those specified  in sections 1, 2 and 3 of the import 
health standard. 
 
1. Type of Malus nursery stock approved for entry into New Zealand 
Cuttings (stem only); plants in tissue culture 
 
Malus  can b
e imported into Level 2 post entry qu arantine from MAF-accredited facilities, or 
into Level 3 post entry quarantine from non-accredited facilities.  
 2. Pests of Malus  
Refer to the pest list. 
 
3. Entry conditions for: 
 3.1 Malus cuttings and tissue culture from offsho re MAF-accredited facilities in any 
country  
An offshore accredited facility is  a facility that has been ac credited to the MAF Standard 
PIT.OS.TRA.ACPQF to undertake phytosanitary activities. For Malus , the accredited facility 
operator must also have an agreement with  MAF on the phytosanitary measures to be 
undertaken for Malus . Refer to the “Inspection, Testi ng and Treatment Requirements for 
Malus ”. 
 (i)  Documentation
 
Phytosanitary certificate: a completed phytosanitary certific ate issued by the NPPO of the  
exporting country must accompany all Malus nursery stock exporte d to New Zealand. 
Import permit: an import permit is required. 
 (ii)  Phytosanitary requirements
 
Before a phytosanitary certificate is issued, the NPPO of the exporting country must be 
satisfied that the following activities required by MAF have been undertaken.  
 The Malus cuttings / plants in tissue culture [choose ONE option] have been: 
- inspected in accordance with appropriate offici al procedures and found to be free of any 
visually detectable regulated pests. 
AND - treated for regulated insects and mites as  described in section 2.2.1.6 of the basic 
conditions within 7 days prior to shipment [cuttings only]. 
AND - held and tested for/classified free from sp ecified regulated pests as required in the 
agreement between MAF and the [name of the MAF-accredited facility]. 
AND 
- held in a manner to ensure that infestation/reinfestation does not occur following inspection and testing at the accre dited facility, and certification. 
 
Biosecurity New Zealand Standard 155.02.06: Importation of Nursery Stock 
Draft for public consultation: June 2011  
(iii)  Additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate  
If satisfied that the pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country 
NPPO must confirm this by recording the treat ments applied in the “D isinfestation and/or 
Disinfection Treatment” section [cuttings onl y] and by providing the following additional 
declarations to the phyto sanitary certificate: 
 
"The  Malus cuttings / plants in tissue culture  [choose ONE option] have been: 
- held and tested for/classified free from sp ecified regulated pests as required in the 
agreement between MAF and the [name of the MAF-accredited facility]. 
AND 
- 
held in a manner to ensure infestation/re infestation does not occur following inspection 
and testing at the accredited  facility, and certification." 
 
(iv)  Post-entry quarantine  
PEQ : All Malus nursery stock must be imported under pe rmit into post-entry quarantine in a 
level 2 quarantine facility accredited to MAF standard PBC-NZ-TRA-PQCON Specification 
for the registration of a plant quarantin e or containment facility, and operator.  
 
Quarantine Period and Inspection,  Testing and Treatment Requirements : Upon arrival 
in the post entry quarantine facil ity, all cuttings must be dipp ed in 1% sodium hypochlorite 
for 2 minutes. The nursery stock will be grown for a minimum period of 6 months (active 
continuous growth) in post-entry quarantine and will be inspected, treate d and/or audit-tested 
for regulated pests, at the expense of the im porter. For tissue culture s, the quarantine period 
begins when tissue cultures are exflasked into the PEQ greenhouse. Six months is an 
indicative minimum quarantine period and this period may be extended if material is slow 
growing, pests are detected, or treatments/testing are required.  
 
3.2 Malus cuttings and tissue culture from non-accred ited facilities in any country  
 (i)  Documentation
 
Phytosanitary certificate: a completed phytosanitary certific ate issued by the NPPO of the  
exporting country must accompany all Malus nursery stock exporte d to New Zealand. 
Import permit: an import permit is required. 
 (ii)  Phytosanitary requirements
 
Before a phytosanitary certificate is issued, the NPPO of the exporting country must be 
satisfied that the following activities required by MAF have been undertaken.  
 The Malus cuttings / plants in tissue culture [choose ONE option] have been: 
- inspected in accordance with appropriate offici al procedures and found to be free of any 
visually detectable regulated pests. 
AND - treated for regulated insects and mites as  described in section 2.2.1.6 of the basic 
conditions within 7 days prior to shipment [cuttings only]. 
AND 
- held in a manner to ensure that infestation/reinfestation does not occur following certification. 
 
Biosecurity New Zealand Standard 155.02.06: Importation of Nursery Stock 
Draft for public consultation: June 2011  
(iii)  Additional declarations to the phytosanitary certificate  
If satisfied that the pre-shipment activities have been undertaken, the exporting country 
NPPO must confirm this by recording the treat ments applied in the “D isinfestation and/or 
Disinfection Treatment” section [cuttings only]. No additional declarations are required. 
 
(iv)  Post-entry quarantine  
PEQ : All Malus nursery stock must be imported under pe rmit into post-entry quarantine in a 
level 3 quarantine facility accredited to MAF standard PBC-NZ-TRA-PQCON Specification 
for the registration of a plant quarantin e or containment facility, and operator.   
 
Quarantine Period and Inspection,  Testing and Treatmen
t Requirements : Upon arrival 
in the post entry quarantine facil ity, all cuttings must be dipp ed in 1% sodium hypochlorite 
for 2 minutes. The nursery stock will be grow n for a minimum period of 36 months in post-
entry quarantine. For tissue cultures, the quara ntine period begins when tissue cultures are 
exflasked into the PEQ greenhouse. During this  time, imported material will be inspected, 
treated and/or tested for regulated pests as sp ecified in the “Inspection, Testing and Treatment 
Requirements for Malus ”, at the expense of the importer. These times are indicative 
minimum quarantine periods and may be extend ed if material is slow growing, pests are 
detected, or treatments/testing are required.  
Biosecurity New Zealand Standard 155.02.06: Importation of Nursery Stock 
Draft for public consultation: June 2011  
Pest List for Malus  
 
*For organisms intercepted that are not lis ted within this pest list refer to the Biosecurity 
Organisms Register for Imported Commodities  to determine the regulatory status. 
 
REGULATED PESTS (actionable) 
 
Insect     
Insecta   
 Coleoptera  
  Attelabidae  
   Rhynchites caeruleus apple twig cutter 
  Bostrichidae  
   Amphicerus bicaudatus apple twig borer 
   Apate monachus black borer 
  Buprestidae  
   Agrilus mali apple wood borer 
   Agrilus  spp.  bark borers 
   Chrysobothris femorata flatheaded apple tree borer 
   Chrysobothris mali Pacific flatheaded borer 
   Chrysobothris  spp.  flat-headed borers 
   Sphenoptera lafertei flatheaded peach tree borer 
  Cerambycidae  
   Aeolesthes sarta Quetta borer 
   Apriona germarii mulberry longicorn beetle 
   Apriona japonica mulberry borer 
   Bacchisa fortunei pear borer 
   Batocera rufomaculata red-spotted longhorn beetle 
   Phryneta spinator  
  Curculionidae  
   Anthonomus piri apple bud weevil 
   Eremnus atratus black weevil 
   Eremnus cerealis western province grain worm 
   Eremnus setulosus grey weevil 
  Scolytidae  
   Hypothenemus obscurus apple twig borer 
   Scol
ytus japonicus Japanese bark beetle 
   Scolytus rugulosus fruit bark borer 
 Diptera  
  Cecidomyiidae  
   Resseliella oculiperda red bud borer 
   Thomasiniana oculiperda red bud borer 
 Hormptera  
  Aphididae  
  
 Aphis spiraecola spiraea aphid 
  Diaspididae  
   Chrysomphalus aonidum Florida red scale 
   Chrysomphalus dictyospermi Spanish red scale 
   Diaspidiotus africanus grey scale 
 Lepidoptera  
  Cossidae  
   Coryphodema tristis quince trunk borer 
  Gelechiidae  
   Recurvaria syrictis bud moth 
  Gracillariidae  
   Marmara elotella apple barkminer 
   Marmara pomonella apple fruitminer 
  Oecophoridae  
Biosecurity New Zealand Standard 155.02.06: Importation of Nursery Stock 
Draft for public consultation: June 2011  
   Cryptophasa melanostigma fruit tree borer 
  Pyralidae  
   Euzophera semifuneralis American plum borer 
   Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer 
  Sesiidae  
   Thamnosphecia pyri apple bark borer 
   Synanthedon scitula pecan tree borer 
Mite       
Arachnida   
 Acarina  
  Eriophyidae  
   Aculops malus eriophyid mite 
   Eriophyes mali Willamette spider mite 
   Phyllocoptes mali eriophyid mite 
   Cenopalpus chitraliensis bryobia mite 
   Cenopalpus haqii banana mite 
   Cenopalpus orakiensis Bailey's apple rust mite 
   Cenopalpus pulcher flat scarlet mite 
  Tenuipalpidae  
   Brevipalpus lilium false spider mite 
   Brevipalpus obovatus privet mite 
   Tenuipalpus taonicus Pacific mite 
   Rhinotergum schestovici mite 
  Tetranychidae  
   Eotetranychus carpini false spider mite 
   Eotetranychus uncatus Lewis spider mite 
   Eotetranychus willamettei hazel mite 
   Oligonychus gossypii tetranychid mite 
   Oligonychus newcomeri spider mite 
   Oligonychus yothersi avocado red mite 
   Tetranychus canadensis four spotted spider mite 
   Tetranychus kanzawai Kanzawa spider mite 
   Tetranychus mcdanieli McDaniel spider mite 
   Tetranychus schoenei Schoenei spider mite 
   Amphitetranychus viennensis hawthorn spider mite 
  Tydeidae  
  
 Tydeus  spp.  tydeid mites 
Fungus     
Ascomycota: Ascomycetes  
 Diaporthales  
  Valsaceae  
   Diaporthe tanakae (anamorph Phomopsis tanakae) pear canker 
   Leucostoma auerswaldii leucostoma canker 
 Diatrypales  
  Diatrypaceae  
   Eutypella sorbi stem disease 
 Dothideales  
  Mycosphaerellaceae  
   Mycosphaerella pyri (anamo rph Septoria pyricola) leaf fleck of pear 
   Mycosphaerella tulasnei rot 
  Schizothyriaceae  
   Schizothyrium perexiguum greasy blotch 
 Erysiphales  
  Erysiphaceae  
   Pleochaeta mali powdery mildew 
 Heotiales  
  Dermateaceae  
   Diplocarpon mali black spot 
   Pezicula perennans perennial canker 
  Sclerotiniaceae  
Biosecurity New Zealand Standard 155.02.06: Importation of Nursery Stock 
Draft for public consultation: June 2011  
   Grovesinia pyramidalis (anamorph Cristulariella moricola) target spot 
   Monilinia laxa  f. sp. mali brown rot 
   Monilinia mali monilinia leaf blight 
   Monilinia fructigena (anamorph Monilia fructigena) European brown rot 
   Sclerotinia  spp.  neck rot 
 Rhytismatales  
  Cryptomycetaceae  
   Potebniamyces pyri (anamorph Phacidiopycnis piri) Phacidiopycnis rot 
 Sordariales  
  Chaetomiaceae  
   Chaetomium  spp.  fruit rot 
 Taphrinales  
  Taphrinaceae  
   Taphrina bullata leaf blister 
 Xylariales  
  Xylariaceae  
   Biscogniauxia marginata nailhead canker 
   Daldinia vernicosa wood rot 
   Xylaria mali black root rot 
Ascomycota: Saccharomycetes  
 Saccharomycetales  
  Endomycetaceae  
   Endomycopsis mali rot 
Basidiomycota: Basidiomycetes  
 Agaricales  
  Coprinaceae  
   Coprinus psychromorbidus coprinus rot 
  Tricholomataceae  
   Armillaria mellea armillaria root rot 
   Armillaria ostoyae armillaria root rot 
   Armillaria tabescens armillaria root rot 
 Ceratobasidiales  
  
Ceratobasidiaceae  
   Ceratobasidium stevensii thread blight 
 Ganodermatales  
  Ganodermataceae  
   Ganoderma lucidum wood rot 
 Hymenochaetales  
  Hymenochaetaceae  
  
 Phellinus pomaceus white heart rot 
 Lachnocladiales  
  Lachnocladiaceae  
   Scytinostroma galactinum white root rot 
 Polyporales  
  Corticiaceae  
   Corticium koleroga thread blight 
  Cyphellaceae  
   Maireina marginata wood decay 
  Meripilaceae  
   Phlebia radiata wood decay 
   Trametes ochracea wood decay 
 Poriales  
  Coriolaceae  
   Ceriporia spissa wood rot 
   Coriolopsis gallica white rot 
   Fomes fomentarius wood decay 
   Fomitopsis pinicola brown cubical rot 
   Laetiporus sulphureus (anamorph Sporotrichum versisporum) brown cubical rot 
   Lenzites betulina wood decay 
   Oxyporus latemarginatus wood decay 
Biosecurity New Zealand Standard 155.02.06: Importation of Nursery Stock 
Draft for public consultation: June 2011  
   Oxyporus similis wood decay 
 Stereales  
  Atheliaceae  
   Butlerelfia eustacei storage rot 
  Sistotremataceae  
   Phymatotrichopsis omnivorum Texas root rot 
Basidiomycota: Urediniomycetes  
 Uredinales  
  Pucciniaceae  
   Gymnosporangium clavipes quince rust 
   Gymnosporangium cornutum rust 
   Gymnosporangium fuscum European pear rust 
   Gymnosporangium globosum American hawthorn rust 
   Gymnosporangium hemisphaericum rust 
   Gymnosporangium libocedri Pacific Coast pear rust 
   Gymnosporangium nelsonii Rocky Mountain pear rust 
   Gymnosporangium nidus-avis rust 
   Gymnosporangium nootkatense yellow cypress rust 
   Gymnosporangium shiraianum rust 
   Gymnosporangium  spp.  cedar apple rust 
   Gymnosporangium tremelloides common juniper gall rust 
   Gymnosporangium yamadae Japanese apple rust 
   Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae cedar apple rust 
 Unknown Uredinales  
   Roestelia fenzeliana rust 
   Roestelia levis rust 
Basidiomycota: Ustomycetes  
 Platygloeales  
  Platygloeaceae  
   Helicobasidium mompa violet root rot 
Mitosporic Fungi (Coelomycetes)  
 Sph
aeropsidales  
  Sphaerioidaceae  
   Cytospora schulzeri bark disease 
   Dothiorella mali fruit rot 
   Phomopsis truncicola blight 
   Phyllosticta solitaria apple blotch 
   Phyllosticta spp. leaf spot 
  
 Pyrenochaeta mali fruit rot 
Mitosporic Fungi (Hyphomycetes)  
 Hyphomycetales  
  Dematiaceae  
   Alternaria mali alternaria blotch 
   Alternaria spp.  
   Helminthosporium papulosum black pox 
   Cladosporium  spp.  mouldy core 
   Epicoccum  spp.  mouldy core 
   Stemphylium  spp.   
   Ulocladium  spp.  cladosporium rot 
  Moniliaceae  
   Aspergillus  spp.  coloured moulds 
   Botrytis mali fruit rot 
   Cephalosporium carpogenum fruit rot 
   Cephalosporium s pp.  
   Penicillium  spp.  rot 
   Ramularia macrospora bellflower leaf spot 
   Verticillium spp. verticillium wilt 
 Tuberculariales  
  Tuberculariaceae  
   Fusarium  spp.  
Biosecurity New Zealand Standard 155.02.06: Importation of Nursery Stock 
Draft for public consultation: June 2011  
 Unknown Hyphomycetes  
  -   
   Oidium spp. powdery mildew 
Bacterium   
Schizomycetes  
 Pseudomonadales  
  Pseudomonadaceae  
   Pseudomonas syringae  pv. papulans blister spot 
Virus       
   Cherry rasp leaf virus  
   Clover yellow mosaic virus  
   Tomato bushy stunt virus  
   Tomato ringspot virus  
Viroid       
   Apple dimple fruit viroid  
   Apple fruit crinkle viroid  
   Apple scar skin viroid  
Phytoplasma   
   ‘Candidatus  Phytoplasma asteris’ Apple sessile leaf phytoplasma 
   ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ Apple proliferation phytoplasma 
Disease of unknown etiology   
   Apple blister bark agent  
   Apple brown ringspot agent  
   Apple bumpy fruit agent  
   Apple bunchy top agent  
   Apple dead spur agent  
   Apple decline  
   Apple freckle scurf agent  
   Apple green dimple and ring blotch agent  
   Apple junction necrotic pitting agent  
   Apple McIntosh depression agent  
   Apple narrow leaf agent  
   Apple Newton wrinkle agent  
   Apple pustule canker agent  
   Apple red ring agent  
   Apple rosette agent  
   Apple rough skin agent  
   Apple russet wart agent  
   Apple star crack agent  
   Apple transmissible internal bark necrosis agent  
Biosecurity New Zealand Standard 155.02.06: Importation of Nursery Stock 
Draft for public consultation: June 2011  
Inspection, Testing and Tr eatment Requirements for Malus 
 
ORGANISM TYPES MAF-ACCEPTABLE METHODS  
Insects 
 Visual inspection AND  approved insecticide treatments as 
described in section 2.2.1.6 of the Basic conditions [cuttings 
only] 
Mites 
 Visual inspection AND  approved miticide treatments as 
described in the section 2.2.1.6 of the Basic conditions 
[cuttings only] or binocular microscope inspection in PEQ 
[plants in tissue culture only]  
Fungi Growing season inspection in PEQ for symptom expression  
Bacteria  
Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans Growing season inspection for symptom expression AND 
PCR 
Viruses 
Cherry rasp leaf virus Woody indexing (‘Golden delicious’) or herbaceous indexing 
(Chenopodium quinoa  and Chenopodium amaranticolor ) 
AND PCR 
Clover yellow mosaic virus Growing season inspection 
Tomato bushy stunt virus Herbaceous indexing ( Chenopodium quinoa and  
Chenopodium amaranticolor ) 
Tomato ringspot virus Herbaceous indexing ( Chenopodium quinoa and  
Chenopodium amaranticolor ) AND ELISA or PCR 
Viroids 
Apple dimple fruit viroid Woody indexing (‘Red delicious’) AND  PCR 
Apple fruit crinkle viroid Woody indexing (‘Golden delicious’) AND PCR 
Apple scar skin viroid Woody indexing (‘Golden delicious’ and ‘Red delicious’) 
AND PCR 
Phytoplasmas  
‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ 
(Apple sessile leaf phytoplasma) Nested PCR using universal phytoplasma primers  
‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ 
(Apple proliferation phytoplasma) Woody indexing (‘Golden delicious’) AND nested PCR using 
universal phytoplasma primers 
Diseases of unknown etiology  
Apple blister bark agent Growing season inspection 
Apple brown ringspot agent Growing season inspection 
Apple bumpy fruit agent Growing season inspection 
Apple bunchy top agent Growing season inspection 
Apple dead spur agent Woody indexing (‘Golden delicious’ and ‘Red delicious’) 
Apple decline Growing season inspection 
Apple freckle scurf agent Growing season inspection 
Apple green dimple and ring blotch agent Growing season inspection 
Apple junction necrotic pitting agent Growing season inspection 
Apple McIntosh depression agent Growing season inspection 
Apple narrow leaf agent Growing season inspection 
Apple Newton wrinkle agent Growing season inspection 
Apple pustule canker agent Growing season inspection 
Apple red ring agent Growing season inspection 
Apple rosette agent Growing season inspection 
Apple rough skin agent Woody indexing (‘Golden delicious’)  
Apple russet wart agent Woody indexing (‘Golden delicious’)  
Apple star crack agent Woody indexing (‘Golden delicious’ and ‘Red delicious’)  
Apple transmissible internal bark necrosis agent Growing season inspection 
Biosecurity New Zealand Standard 155.02.06: Importation of Nursery Stock 
Draft for public consultation: June 2011  
Biosecurity New Zealand Standard 155.02.06: Importation of Nursery Stock 
Draft for public consultation: June 2011 Notes: 
1. Pest free area or Pest free place of production  endorsements for regulated viruses, 
viroids, phytoplasmas, and diseases of  unknown etiology must be assessed by MAF 
prior to permit issue. The exporting NPPO must endorse additional declarations on the 
phytosanitary certificate, to be considered equivalent to testing in post entry 
quarantine.  
2. Unit for testing  is an individual imported tissue cu lture plantlet or cutting. Each 
single plantlet or cutting must be labelle d individually and te sted separately.  
Samples from up to five plants may be bulked for testing prov ided that either: 
a) the imported cuttings were sourced from a single mother plants and/or the plants 
were derived from a single imported cu tting which was split into separate 
cuttings upon arrival in New Zealand, AND traceable records are maintained by 
the operator of the post entr y quarantine facility; or  
b) in the case of tissue culture where plants are clonal, and this is confirmed by evidence from the NPPO in the expor ting country, AND traceable records are 
maintained by the operator of the post entry quarantine facility.  
3. Tissue culture plantlets must be deflasked and grown in a post entry quarantine 
greenhouse, only material from the greenhous e is to be selected for testing. 
4. Growing season is defined as an extended period  of plant growth that includes 
environmental conditions equivalent to spring (longer wetter days and colder 
temperatures), summer (longer dryer days  and warm temperatures), and autumn 
(shorter wetter days and warm  but cooling temperatures).   
5. Virus testing  is to be conducted on new spring growth. 
6. Phytoplasma and bacteria testing  is to be conducted at  the end of the summer 
growth period.  
7. Woody indexing  is to occur on susceptible Malus  cultivars growing in Level 1 post 
entry quarantine. Woody indexing can only o ccur at the completion of all herbaceous 
indicator, molecular, and sero logical testing. Plants must remain in Level 3 post entry 
quarantine for the completion of woody indicator testing. 
8. Testing protocols for tests completed in New Zeal and are described in the MAF 
Malus (Apple) Post-Entry Quarantine Tes ting Manual, which can be viewed on the 
website: http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/regs/im
 ports/plants/ high-value-crops/malus-
testing-manual.pdf   
9. Inspection of the Malus  plants  by the operator of the PEQ f acility for signs of pest 
and disease must be at least twice per week  during periods of ac tive growth. A record 
of inspections carried out by the Operator is to be kept and made available to the MAF 
Inspector on request. 
10. Other internationally recognised testing methods may be accepted by MAF with 
prior notification.