ICS 67.060 
 
 Reference number  
DRS 469 : 2021  
© RSB 2021  
  
 RWANDA 
STANDARD  DRS  
469 
 
First edition  
2021 -mm-dd 
 
Malted  sorghum flour — Specification  
   
DRS 469:  2021  
©RSB 2021  - All rights reserved                  ii 
 In order to match with technological development and to keep continuous progress in industries, 
standards are subject to periodic review. Users shall ascertain that they are in possession of the latest 
edition  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
© RSB 2021  
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized 
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without 
prior written permission from R SB. 
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Website: www.rsb.gov.rw  
ePortal: www.portal.rsb.gov.rw  DRS 469 : 2021  
iii                ©RSB 2021  - All rights reserved  
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  iv 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  2 
4 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  3 
4.1 Raw materials  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............................  3 
4.2 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  3 
4.3 Specific requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  3 
4.4 Particle size  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 3 
5 Contaminants  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  4 
5.1 Pesticides resid ues ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  4 
5.2 Heavy metals  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 4 
5.3 Mycotoxins  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 4 
6 Hygiene  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  4 
7 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 5 
8 Labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  5 
9 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 5 
 DRS 469:  2021  
©RSB 2021  - All rights reserved                  iv 
 Foreword  
Rwanda Standard s are prepared  by Technical Committees and approved by R wanda Standards Board (RSB) 
Board  of Directors in  accordance with the procedures of RSB, in compliance with Annex 3 of the WTO/TBT 
agreement on the preparation, adoption and application of standards.  
The main task of technical committees is to prepare national standards.  Final Draft Rwanda S tandards adopted 
by Technical committ ees are ratifie d by me mbers of RSB Board of Director s for publication and gazettment as 
Rwanda Standards.  
DRS 469  was prepared by Technical Committee RSB/TC 003 on Cereals, pulses, legumes and cereal products . 
Committee membership  
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee on  Cereals, pulses, legumes and 
cereal products. (RSB/TC 003) in the preparation of this standard.  
Adma International Ltd  
Green Rev Ltd  
Manosalwa Food Industries Ltd  
Nyabihu TVET School  
Nyarutarama Business Incubation  Centre  
Soma Gacye Ltd  
UR-CAVM  
Urwibutso Ese  
Rwanda  Standards Board ( RSB) – Secretariat  
  DRS 469 : 2021  
1                ©RSB 2021  - All rights reserved  
 Malted  sorghum flour  — Specification  
1 Scope  
This Draft Rwanda Standard  specifies requirements,  sampling and test methods for malted sorghum flour 
intended for human consumption . 
2 Normative references  
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document 
(including any amendments) applies.  
AOAC 952.13 , Arsenic in food. Silver diethyldithiocarbamate method  
AOAC 965.22 , Sortin g corn grits. Sieving method  
AOAC 999.10,  Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Copper, and Iron  in Foods , Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry  after 
Microwave Digestion  
ISO 15214 , Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the enumeration of 
mesophilic lactic acid bacteria — Colony -count technique at 30 degrees C  
RS CAC/RCP 1, Code of practice — General principles of food hygiene   
RS EAS 38, Labelling of pre - packaged foods — General requirements   
RS ISO 10520 , Native starch — Determination of starch content — Ewers polarimetric method  
RS ISO 16649 -2, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the enumeration of 
beta-glucuronidase -positive Escherichia coli — Part 2: Colony -count technique at 44 degrees C using 5 -bromo -
4-chloro -3-indolyl beta -D-glucuronide  
RS ISO 21527 -2, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the enumeration of 
yeasts and moulds — Part 2: Colony count technique in products with water activity less than or equal to 0.95  
RS ISO 2171, Cereals, pulses and by -products — Determination of ash yield by incineration  
RS ISO 24333, Cereals and cereal products — Sampling  
RS ISO 24557, Pulses — Determination of moisture content — Air-oven method  
RS ISO 4832 , Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the enumeration of 
coliforms — Colony -count technique   
©RSB 2021  - All rights reserved                  2 
 RS ISO 5498, Agricultural food products — Determination of crude fibre content — General method  
RS ISO 5985, Animal feeding stuffs — Determination of ash in soluble in hydrochloric acid  
RS ISO 605, Pulses — Determination of impurities, size, foreign odours, insects, and species and variety — 
Test methods  
RS ISO 6579 -1, Microbiology of the food chain — Horizontal method for the detection, enumeration and 
seroty ping of Salmonella — Part 1: Detection of Salmonella spp. — Amendment 1: Broader range of incubation 
temperatures, amendment to the status of Annex D, and correction of the composition of MSRV and SC  
RS ISO 6888 -1, Microbiology of the food chain — Horizontal method for the enumeration of coagulase -positive 
staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and other species) — Part 1: Method using Baird -Parker agar medium  
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this standard, the follow ing terms and definitions  apply.  
3.1 
malted sorghum grains  
germinated  and dried sorghum grain s  
3.2 
malted sorghum flour  
communited flour  produced by milling  malted sorghum grains  
3.3 
extraneous matter  
inorganic materials other than the malted sorghum flour, other grains and filth  
3.4 
food grade packaging material  
packaging material, made of substances which are safe and suitable for their intended use and which will not  
impart any toxic substance or undesirable odour or flavour to the product  
3.5 
foreign matter  
organic and  inorganic materials other than malted sorghum flour DRS 469 : 2021  
3                ©RSB 2021  - All rights reserved  
 4 Requirements  
4.1 Raw materials  
Malted sorghum grains complying with DRS 468  shall be used in manufacturing malted sorghum flour  
4.2 General requirements  
Malted sorghum flour shall:   
a) have characteristic colour ; 
b) be free from any objectionable flavours ; 
c) be free from insects, worms, fungal infestation, rodent contaminations ; 
d) not co ntain flour from other cereals; and  
e) be practically free from any foreign matter and  filth; 
4.3 Specific requirements  
Malted sorghum flour shall comply with the specific requirements given in Table 1 when tested in accordance 
with test methods specified therein  
Table 1 Specific requirements for Ma lted sorghum flour   
S/N Characteristic  Requirement  Test method  
i.  Moisture %, m/m, max.  13.5 RS ISO 24557  
ii.  Foreign matter, %m/m, max.  2.0 RS ISO 605  
iii.  Total ash  (on dry basis), % m/m max.  4.0 RS ISO 2171  
iv.  Crude fiber, % m/m max.  2.5 RS ISO 5498  
v.  Carbohydrates % m/m m in. 60 ISO 10520  
vi.  Tannin content, % m/m, max.  0.5 ISO 9648  
vii.  Acid insoluble acid 0.40 RS ISO 5985  
viii.  Particle size:  
 Medium 
flour, min  85 % shall pass through a 1 -mm sieve  EAS 901 (Clause 
4)  
Fine flour, 
min. 85 % shall pass through a 0.5 - mm sieve  
4.4 Particle size  
Referring to AOAC 965.22, 95 % or more of the malted sorghum  flour shall pass through a 1.70 -mm sieve .  
©RSB 2021  - All rights reserved                  4 
 5 Contaminants  
5.1 Pesticides residues  
Malted sorghum flour shall comply with those maximum residue limits for pesticides established by the Codex 
Alimentarius Commission . 
5.2 Heavy metals  
Malted  sorghum flour shall comply with the maximum limits for heavy metals given in Table 2 when tested in 
accordance with the test method specified therein.  
Table 2 — Maximum limits for he avy metal contaminants in Malted sorghum flour  
S/N  Heavy metal  Maximum limit (mg/kg)  Test method  
i.  Arsenic (As)  0.1 AOAC 952.13  
ii.  Lead (Pb)  0.2 AOAC 999.10  
 iii.  Cadmium (Cd)  0.1 
5.3 Mycotoxins  
Malted sorghum flour shall not exceed aflatoxin limits in Table 3 when tested in accordance with test method 
specified therein .  
Table 3 — Aflatoxin limits for malted sorghum flour   
S/N  Type of aflatoxin  Maximum limit (μg/kg)  Test method  
i.  Total aflatoxin  10 EAS 901  
Clause 9 or 10  
 ii.  Aflatoxin B 1 5 
iii.  Fumonisins  2 000  EAS 901 Clause 11 or 12  
 
6 Hygiene  
6.1 Malted sorghum  flour shall be produced, prepared and handled in accordance with RS CAC /RCP 1  
6.2 Malted  sorghum flour shall not exceed the microbiological limits in Table 2 when tested in accordance with 
test methods specified therein.  
 
 DRS 469 : 2021  
5                ©RSB 2021  - All rights reserved  
 Table 2 Microbiological limits for malted sorghum flour  
S/N Microorganism  Maximum limit  Test method  
i.  Total Plate  C ount, cfu/g  103 RS ISO 4832  
i.  Salmonella spp,  per 25 g  Absent  RS ISO 6579 -1 
ii.  Escherichia coli , cfu/g   Absent  RS ISO 16649 -2 
iii.  Staphylococcus aureus  per 25 g  Absent  RS ISO 6888 -1  
iv.  Yeast and moulds, cfu/g  102 RS ISO 21527 -2  
v.  Lactic Acid Bacteria , cfu/g  Absent  ISO 15214  
7 Packaging  
Malted sorghum flour shall be packed in new suitable bags made of paper, jute, polypropylene or any other 
suitable  food grade packaging material capable of protecting quality and safety of the product. The mouth of 
each package shall be properly sealed.  
8 Labelling  
In addition to the requirements of RS EAS 38, the following specific labelling requirements shall be legibly and 
indelibly marked  
a) name of product as “Malted sorghum flour”; 
b) name and address of manufacturer;  
c) date of manufacture;  
d) date of expiry;  
e) instruction for use;  
f) batch number;  
g) storage conditions;  and 
h) country of origin.  
9 Sampling  
Sampling of malted sorghum flour shall be in accordance  with RS ISO 24333.  DRS 469 : 2021  
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