DEAS 979: 2019 
ICS   
© EA C 2019                   First Edition 2019  
DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  
Road tankers for petroleum -based flammable liquids — 
Specification  
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  DEAS 979: 2019 
ii © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
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© East African Community  2016 — All rights reserved  
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Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.  
Violators may be p rosecuted . DEAS 979: 2019 
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Foreword  
Development of th e East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing 
requirements governing quality of products and services in the East African Community. It is 
envisaged that through harmonized standardization, trade barriers that are encountered w hen goods 
and services are exchanged within the Community will be removed.  
In order to achieve this objective, the Community established an East African Standards Committee 
mandated to develop and issue East African Standards.   
The Committee is composed o f representatives of the National Standards Bodies in Partner States, 
together with the representatives from the private sectors and consumer organizations. Draft East 
African Standards are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies i n the Partner 
States. The comments received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in 
accordance with the procedures of the Community.  
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users o f the 
East African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of 
the standards they are implementing .  
DEAS 4 ;2016  was prepared by Technical Committee EASC/TC 040                                              
 DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  DEAS 979: 2019 
 
© EAC 2015 – All rights reserved  1 
 Road tankers for petroleum -based flammable liquids — 
Specification  
1 Scope  
1.1 This Draft East Africa  Standard specifies  the requirements  and methods of test  for tank vehicles 
intended for use on public roads, for transportation, at temperatures below their b oiling point, of 
normally stable petroleum -based flammable liquids.  
 
1.2 This standard does not cover tankers for Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), unstable products and  
all other f lammable liquids other than hydrocarbons.  
 
2 Normative references  
 
The follow ing referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies.  
 
ASTM A36/A36M -08, Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel  
 
ASTM A285/A285M -03, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low - and 
Intermediate -Tensile Strength  
 
ASTM A234/A234M -07, Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought C arbon Steel and Alloy 
Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service  
 
ASTM A194/A194M -09, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High 
Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both  
 
ASTM A193/A193M -09, Standard Specification f or Alloy -Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for 
High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications  
 
ASTM A105/A105M -05, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications  
 
BS EN 1503   Valves.  Materials for bodies, bonnets and covers  
 
BS 1560 -3.2, Circular flanges for pipes, valves and fittings (Class designated). Steel, cast iron and 
copper alloy flanges. Specification for cast iron flanges  
 
ANSI/API Spec 5L , Specification for line pipe  
 
ANSI/ASM E B16.20 , Metallic gaskets for pipe flanges: Ring -Joint, spiral -wound, and jacketed  
 
ANSI/ASME B16.5 , Pipe flanges and flanged fittings: NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard  
  
2 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
 ANSI/ASME B16.9 , Factory -made wrought butt welding fittings  
 
ANSI/ASME B16 .21, Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges  
 
AISI Steel products manual — Stainless and heat -resisting steel.  
 
ASTM B209 , Standard specification for aluminium alloy, sheet and plate.  
 
BS EN 485, BS EN 515 , Specification for wrought aluminium and alumin ium alloys for general 
engineering purposes: plate, sheet and strip   
 
ISO 3874 , Freight containers — Handling and security  
 
BS EN 12020, BS EN 573,  Specification for wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys for general 
engineering purposes: bars, extruded r ound tubes and sections.   
 
BS EN 1559, BS EN 1676, Specification for aluminium and aluminium alloy ingots and castings for 
general engineering purposes  
 
BS PD 5500,  Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure vessels  
 
ISO 3874, Series 1 freight contai ners — Handling and securing.  
 
ISO 3795, Road  vehicles and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination of burning 
behavior of interior materials.  
 
 
IEC 60529 , Degree of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)  
 
IEC 60079 , Elect rical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres — General requirements  
 
EAS 357,  Truck and bus tyres — Specification  
3 Terms and definitions   
For the purposes of this document , the following terms and definitions shall apply.  
 
3.1  
acceptable  
that which meet s the requirements of the approving authority   
 
 
3.2  
auxiliary engine  
an engine that is additional to the main propulsion engine of the road tank vehicle and that can be 
operated either on or off that vehicle  
 
3.3  
baffle  
a non-liquid -tight transverse or longitudinal partition in a tank  
 
3.4  
bulkhead   
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  3 
 a liquid -tight transverse wall between adjacent compartments of a tank  
 
3.5 
compartment  
a  liquid -tight division of a tank  
 
3.6  
compartment tank  
Is a tank which  is built by dividing the storage tank with a  bulkhead, creating two or more independent 
storage areas  
3.7  
demountable tank  
 
a tank that is designed to be lifted onto and mounted on a conventional truck that is to be used as a 
road tank vehicle  
 
Note    A tank that is designed as a full load on a r igid chassis, with attachment direct to the chassis in a positive and safe 
manner, is not classed as a demountable tank for the purposes of this standard.  
 
3.8  
double bulkhead  
two bulkheads that are placed in a tank next to each other, to divide the tank  into two compartments  
 
3.9  
explosion protected  
 
descriptive of electrical apparatus that is designed and approved for use in hazardous areas in 
accordance with one of the protection methods described in the applicable API or IEC Standard  
 
3.10 
exposed a rea  
the area of the surface of a tank that is exposed to outside atmosphere direct  
 
3.11  
head  
a liquid -tight transverse closure at the end of a tank  
 
3.12  
road tank vehicle  
a tank truck, tank trailer, or truck -tractor -and-tank-semi -trailer combination  
 
3.13 
standard reference conditions  
 
these shall be 20 °C and 101.325 kPa absolute  
 
3.14  
tank  
a container that has a liquid -full capacity in excess of 500 litres, that is used for transporting 
petroleum -based flammable liquids, and that is mounted perma nently or temporarily on a vehicle other 
than for the purpose of supplying fuel for propulsion of the vehicle  
Note   The term "tank" embraces the container and all components and ancillary equipment that affect its structural integrity.  
 
3.15  
4 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
 tank semi -trailer 
 
a vehicle with a tank mounted on it or built as an integral part of it, and so constructed that, when the 
semi -trailer is drawn by a truck tractor, through a fifth wheel connection, part of the load rests on the 
towing vehicle  
Note   A tank semi -trailer, when coupled to a truck tractor, is an articulated vehicle.  
 
3.16  
tank trailer  
 
a trailer with a tank mounted on it or built as an integral part of it, and so constructed that when the 
trailer is drawn by a motor vehicle, practically all its load re sts on its own wheels  
 
 
3.17  
tank truck  
a single, self -propelled motor vehicle with a tank mounted on it  
 
3.18 
ullage  
that portion of the total -volume capacity of a tank that is not occupied by its liquid contents, expressed 
as a percentage of the total -volume capacity  
 
3.19 
Surge plates  
A plate usually dished that is used to slow down the effects of inertial forces in a compartment  
 
 
4 Requirements  
 
4.1  General  
Road tank vehicles, trailers and their ancillary equipment shall comply with all the relevant statutory 
requirements of the respective Partner States.  
 
 
4.2 Materials  
 
Tanks shall be constructed of an aluminium alloy, low carbon steel, high -strength low alloy steel, or a 
stainless steel. The metals shall be free from rust, scale, cracks, lamination s and surface blemishes, 
and shall comply with the appropriate requirements given in 4.2.1 to 4.2.3.  
4.2.1  Aluminium alloys  
The aluminium alloy shall comply with ASTM B209 or acceptable equivalent for sheets.  
4.2.2   Steel  
4.2.2.1  The different parts of th e tanks shall be made from the materials as given in Table 1A below 
or their equivalents.  
 
Table 1A — Materials for construction of tanks  
 
Sl. No  Part name  Complying with   
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  5 
  
i) Shell  ASTM A 36  or  ASTM 285 Grade C  
 
ii) Saddle, baffle, cleat, stiffener, 
flange, cover, structural component  ASTM A 36  
iii) 
 Bolting  Studs - ASTM A 193 and ASTM A 194  
iv) Gaskets  ANSI/ASME B16.20 . 
ASME B 16.21  
v) Pipes  API 5L Grade B  or ASME B 31.3  
 
vi) Forgings  ASTM A 105   
vii) Flanges  ASME B16.5  or ASTM A 105,  
 
viii) Fittings  
 ASME B 16.9  or ASTM A 234.  
4.2.2.2  Any other suitable low carbon or high -strength low alloy steel of weldable quality and having 
physical properties at least equal to the appropriate minimum given in Table 1B below may be used 
for the pressure parts of the tank.  
 
Table 1B — Minimum mechanical  properties of steel (other than stainless steel)  
 
 
1 2 3 
Mechanical  properties  Low carbon steel  High -strength low 
alloy steel  
 
Yield stress, MPa, min.   
172  
310 
 
Ultimate tensile strength, 
MPa, min  310  
414 
Elongation,  l0=
% 65.5 s , 
min a). 20 25 
Impact resistancebresistance)' 
at -20 °C, J, min.  20 20 
a) l0 is the original gauge length  
s is the cross sectional area  
b) Charpy V -notch.  
 
 
 
4.2.3  Stainless steel  
  
6 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
 A stainless steel shall comp ly with the requirements for one of the following grades of AISI steels (or 
acceptable equivalent):  
 
304, 304L, 310, 316, 316L, 317, 317L, 321 or 347.  
 
Note  The attention of purchasers is drawn to the advisability of using (to avoid  carbide precipitation) one of the low carbon 
grades or one of the stabilized grades.  
 
4.2.4  Pipes, fittings and other ancillary equipment  
 
All materials for pipes, fittings, valves, manifolds, etc., shall be of a suitable material that is compatible 
with the material of the tan k and with the flammable liquid that is to be transported in the tank.  
 
4.2.5  Gasket joint rings and other components  
 
Gasket joint rings and components designed to come into contact with the flammable liquid shall be of 
a suitable material that is compati ble with the flammable liquid that is to be transported in the tank.  
4.2.6  Other materials  
Components that do not come into contact with the flammable liquid may be of any material of 
adequate strength and that is acceptable for the required duty.  
Note  Consideration should be given to the effects of galvanic corrosion when dissimilar metals (especially when one of these is 
aluminium or an aluminium alloy) are used in combination  
 
4.3 Tank design  
 
4.3.1  General  
 
A tank and its ancillary equipment shall have  been designed in accordance with sound engineering 
principles, due consideration having been given to expected road conditions. The maximum width of 
any tank and its service equipment/accessories shall be such that it does not project beyond the 
overall w idth of the vehicle on which it is mounted or by which it is being towed.  The minimum 
allowable road clearance of any tank component or protection devices located between any two 
adjacent axles on a vehicle or a vehicle combination shall be at least 12.5 mm for each 300 mm 
separating such axles and in no case shall this clearance be less than 300 mm.  
 
4.3.2  Capacity  
 
The tank, which may be of the single -compartment or multi -compartment type, shall have a total -
volume capacity (including ullage of at least 3.0 % at 55 °C of that capacity) as required, and in no 
case shall the capacity of a compartment exceed 13,000 L. In addition, the total -volume capacity of a 
tank, calculated on the liquid density of the product that is to be transported, shall be such tha t when 
the road tank vehicle is fully loaded, its mass does not exceed the appropriate requirements of the 
relevant statutory requirements of the respective Partner States . 
 
4.3.3  Shape  
The tank may be circular, elliptical or any other acceptable cross -section, and shall be self -draining.  
 
4.3.4  Maximum stress value  
 
The maximum calculated stress value of a tank (including all stresses given in 4.3.5 to 4.3.7) shall not 
exceed 20 % of the tensile strength of the material used for its construction.   
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  7 
 4.3.5  Design pressure  
The design pressure shall not be less than the vapo ur pressure at 55  °C of the motor gasoline that 
meets relevant statutory requirements of the respective Partner States  plus the pressure exerted by 
the static head of liquid in the fully loade d tank in the normal position, based on the greater of the 
density at 20 °C of the flammable liquid for which the tank is being designed, or 985 kg/m3. 
4.3.6  Dynamic loading  
Each tank and its components and ancillary equipment shall be designed to withstan d dynamic 
loading in all directions and for all load configurations. The total dynamic loadings shall be deduced 
by multiplying the static loads in question by the following acceleration factors considered 
individually:  
 
a) 2 g in the direction of travel;  
 
b) 1 g in the vertically upwards direction;  
 
c) 2 g in the vertically downwards direction; and  
 
d) 1 g in the transverse horizontal direction . 
 
4.3.7 Additional loading  
The following additional loads shall be taken into account and, where applicable, a vector summati on 
of all the loads under dynamic loading conditions shall be made:  
a) Superimposed loads such as operating equipment, insulation, linings, hose tubes, cabinets and 
piping;  
b) Reactions at supporting lugs and at saddles or other supports; and  
c) Differential therma l expansion of dissimilar metals . 
 
4.3.8  Distribution of loads  
 
The loads from supports shall be borne by bulkheads, baffles or ring stiffeners, and shall be distributed 
as widely over the members as is practicable by using pads, gussets or other appropria te means of 
avoiding stress concentration.  
 
4.3.9   Thicknesses of the shell, heads, bulkheads and baffles  
4.3.9.1  The thicknesses of the shell, the heads and, where fitted, the bulkheads and baffles, shall be ; 
a) Such that, under dynamic loading conditions, t he maximum stress value given in 4.3.4 is not 
exceeded, and  
b) Not less than the relevant minimum given in Tables 2 or 3, as appropriate, and in no case, 
except at the knuckle -radius, shall the thickness of a tank head be less than the thickness of the shell.  
4.3.9.2 .The material thicknesses given in Tables 2 and 3 are based on a liquid density of 985 kg/m3. 
Where the liquid density of the flammable liquid to be conveyed in the tank exceeds 985 kg/m3, the 
thickness of the shell will have to be pro portionally increased.   
8 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
 4.3.9.3    Where an aluminium alloy is used for the construction of a head, bulkhead, baffle or ring 
stiffener, it shall be in the 0 (annealed) or stronger temper. A shell shall be constructed of material with 
properties at least equal to grade 5 454 of ASTM B209 in the H32 or H34 tempers, or, where lower 
tensile strength tempers are used, the minimum thickness of shell material given in Table 2 shall be 
proportionally increased.  
Note  Consideration should be given to the loss of strength of an alum inium alloy in the welded condition.  
 
4.3.10  Stiffening of heads, bulkheads and baffles  
 
4.3.10.1  Unless a proven equivalent form of stiffening is provided, the following requirement shall 
apply:  
 
i) Surge -plates and partitions shall be dished. With a depth of dish of not less than 10 cm or shall be 
corrugated, profiled or otherwise reinforced to give equivalent strength. The area of the surge -plate 
shall be at least 70 % of the cross sectional area of the tank in which the surge -plate is fitted.  
 
ii) There shall  be a surge plate at every 1.5 m distance in the tank .  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  9 
  
Table 2 — Minimum thickness of shell material1) 
 
Rated 
capacity, V  
litres/m of 
tank length  
 Maximum 
shell 
radius  
 R in m  
 
 Minimum thickness d in mm  
 
L < 0.9 m  
 0.9 m < L< 1.4 m  
 1.4 m < L< 1.5 m  
 
LCS 
 SS, HSLA  
 AL 
 LCS  
 SS, 
HSLA  
 AL 
 LCS 
 SS 
HSLA  
 AL 
 
V < 1 400  
 1.8 <R  
 2.0 
 1.6 
 2.2 
 2.0 
 1.6 
 2.2 
 2.0 
 1.8 
 2.4 
 
1.8 < R 
<2.3 
 2.0 
 1.6 
 2.2 
 2.0 
 1.8 
 2.4 
 2.4 
 2.0 
 2.8 
 
2.3 <R<3.2  
 2.0 
 1.8 
 2.4 
 2.4 
 2.0 
 2.8 
 2.8 
 2.4 
 3.0 
 
3.2 <R  
 2.4 
 2.0 
 2.8 
 2.8 
 2.4 
 3.0 
 3.0 
 2.8 
 3.8 
 
1400 < V<2 
100 1.8 <R  
 2.0 
 1.6 
 2.2 
 2.0 
 1.8 
 2.4 
 2.4 
 2.0 
 2.8 
 
1.8<R<2.3  
 2.0  
 1.8 
 2.4  
 2.4  
 2.0  
 2.8  
 2.8  
 2.4  
 3.0  
 
2.3<R<3.2  
 2.4 
 2.0 
 2.8 
 2.8 
 2.4 
 3.0 
 3.0 
 2.8 
 3.8 
 
3.2 <R  
 2.8 
 2.4 
 3.0 
 3.0 
 2.8 
 3.8 
 3.5 
 3.0 
 4.4 
 
2100 < 
V<2700  
 1.8 <R  
 2.0 
 1.8 
 2.4 
 2.4 
 2.0 
 2.8 
 2.8 
 2.4 
 3.0 
 
1.8<R<2.3  
 2.4  
 2.0  
 2.8  
 2.8  
 2.4  
 3.0  
 3.0  
 2.8  
 3.8 
 
2.3<R<3.2  
 2.8 
 2.4 
 3.0 3.0 
 2.8 
 3.8 
 3.5 
 3.0 
 4.4 
 
3.2<R  
 3.0 
 2.8 
 3.8 
 3.5 
 3.0 
 4.4 
 4.0 
 3.5 
 5.0 
 
V> 2700  
 1.8 <R  
 2.4 
 2.0 
 2.8 
 2.8 
 2.4 
 3.0 
 3.0 
 2.8 
 3.8 
 
1.8 < R<2.3  
 2.8 
 2.4 
 3.0 
 3.0 
 2.8 
 3.8 
 3.5 
 3.0 
 4.4 
 
2.3<R<3.2  
 3.0 
 2.8 
 3.8 
 3.5 
 3.0 
 4.4 
 4.0 
 3.5 
 5.0 
 
3.2 <R  
 3.5 
 3.0 
 4.4 
 4.0 
 3.5 
 5.0 
 4.0 
 4.0 
 5.5 
 
1)The minimum thicknesses given in the table can be less than those required in terms of 4.3.9 .1(a) 
 
Legend:  
 
L         indicates distance between heads, bulkheads, baffles or ring stiffeners.  
 
LCS    indicates low carbon steel.  
 
SS      indicates  austenitic stainless steel.  
 
HSLA  indicates high -strength low alloy steel.  
 
AL indicates aluminium alloy.  
 
  
10 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
  
Table 3 — Minimum thickness of heads1), bulkheads and baffles  
 
Rated capacity V/m of tank 
length  
 Minimum thickness, mm  
 
LCS 
 SS, HSLA  
 AL 
 
V < 1 400  
 2.0 
 1.8 
 2.4 
 
1400 <V<2100  2.4 2.0 
 2.8 
 
2100<  V<2700  
 2.8 
 2.4 
 3.0  
 
V > 2 700  
 3.0 2.8 3.8 
 
1) The minimum thicknesses given in the table can be less than those required in terms of 
4.3.9 .1(a).  
 
Legend:  
 
LCS  indicates low carbon steel.  
 
SS  indicates austenitic stainless steel.  
 
HSLA   indicates high - strength low alloy steel.  
 
AL  indicates aluminium alloy.  
 
 
4.3.11   Circumferential reinforcement  
 
4.3.11.1  Double  bulkheads, where fitted, shall be separated by means of an air space that is 
vented and provided with drainage facilities (see 4.3.11.2).  
 
4.3.11.2   Each ring stiffener shall be continuous around the circumference of the shell, and, where 
an air space is enclosed; the space shall be vented and provided with drainage facilities.  
4.3.11.3  Baffles  shall be adequately vented on the horizontal and vertical structure.  
 
A ring stiffener shall have a section modulus about the neutral axis of the ring section parallel to the 
shell, which is at least equal to the value calculated by the fo llowing formula:  
 
I/C = KWL   
 
Where,  
I/C   is the section modulus, in cubic millimetres;  
K  is 0.0069 for low carbon, high -strength low alloy, and austenitic stainless steel, and 
0.01186 for aluminium alloys;  
W  is the width or diameter of the tank, in mil limetres; and   
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  11 
 L  is the ring spacing (distance from the midpoint of the unsupported shell on one side of 
the ring stiffener to the midpoint of the unsupported shell on the opposite side of the ring 
stiffener), in millimetres.  
 
4.3.11.4   Where a ring stiffe ner is welded to the shell in accordance with 4.4.3, a portion of the shell 
may be used as part of the ring section in calculating the ring section modulus. The portion of the shell 
used in this calculation shall not exceed the relevant maximum given in co lumn 3 of Table 4.  
 
Table 4 — Circumferential ring stiffeners — Shell section credit that may be included 
in ring section modulus  
 
1 
 2 3 
 
Number of welds between 
ring stiffener and shell  
 Distance f between parallel ring stiffener -to-
shell welds,  
 Shell  section credit, max.  
 
12 
 Less than 20 d. 
 
More than or equal to 20 d 
 20 d  + 20 c 
 
 40 d 
 c is the shell thickness, in millimetres; and f is the distance between parallel circumferential ring stiffener to shell 
welds, in millimetres.  
 
4.4 Constructio n 
4.4.1  General  
A tank, its components and ancillary equipment shall have been constructed in accordance with sound 
engineering practices. When a tank is subjected an internal hydrostatic pressure at least equal to the 
design pressure, it shall not burst o r leak .  
4.4.2  Welding  
4.4.2.1  General  
 
4.4.2.1.1  The welder and the welding operator shall be qualified and certified for the type of 
welding and the material being weld.  
 
4.4.2.1.2  All welding shall be carried out by means of an acceptable welding proce ss and using a 
suitable filler metal.  
4.4.2.1. 3 The welding procedure used shall be such as to ensure that the filler metal, the heat -
affected zone and the surrounding parent metal are free from cracks, unacceptable cavities and 
trapped slag, and, when re levant, acceptably free from tungsten inclusions.  
 
4.4.2.1. 4 Butt welds shall have complete penetration with 10 % radiography testing. Fillet welds 
shall have a leg length at least equal to the thickness of the thinner of the parts being welded together.  
4.4.2.2  Welds in steel and stainless steel  
The mechanical properties of welded joints shall be equal to at least 85 % of (and the corrosion  
12 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
 resistance at least equal to) the minimum specified for the parent metal.  
4.4.2.3  Welds in aluminium alloys  
 
4.4.2.3. 1 When subjected to a transverse tensile test, a weld joint in an aluminium alloy, with the 
reinforcement removed, shall have a tensile strength of at least the relevant value given in Table 5 . 
 
4.4.2.3.2  In the case of a joint between two dissimilar alloy s, the tensile strength shall be at least 
that of the alloy that has the lower tensile strength.  
Table 5 — Tensile strength of aluminium alloy weld joints  
Sl .no.  Alloy designation  Ultimate tensile strength  
MPa. min  
i) 5083 275 
ii) 5251  160 
iii) 5454  215 
iv) 8061  165a) 
v) 6063  120 a) 
vi) 6082  165 a) 
a)These values are for material welded in the TF condition after natural aging for 3 d ays. 
 
 
4.4.3  Baffle and ring stiffener joints  
 
A baffle or baffle -attaching ring or a ring stiffener used for tank r einforcement (see 4.3.11 ) shall be fully 
welded around the circumference of the tank.  
 
4.4.4  Overturn protection  
 
4.4.4.1  Generally , an overturn damage protection device on a road tank vehicle shall be designed 
and installed to withstand any load normal (p erpendicular to the tank surface) or tangential (in any 
direction perpendicular to the normal load) to the tank shell, applied anywhere over the protected part 
of the tank and equal to at least twice the weight of the loaded road tank vehicle.  
 
4.4.4.2  The design shall be based on the ultimate strength of the material used. These design loads 
may be considered independently. If more than one overturn protection device is used, each device 
shall be capable of carrying its proportionate share of the applicab le loads and, in each case, at least 
a quarter of the applicable total tangential load. The design shall, by means of calculations, tests or a 
combination of test and calculations, be proven capable of carrying the applicable loads. Deformation 
of the dama ge protection device is acceptable, provided that the devices being protected are not 
damaged.  
 
4.4.4.3  An overturn damage protection device that would otherwise allow the accumulation of liquid 
on the top of the tank, shall be provided with a drain that d irects the liquid to a safe point of discharge, 
away from any structural component of the road tank vehicle.  
  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  13 
 4.4.5  Manholes and fill openings  
 
Each tank compartment shall be provided with a manhole of diameter at least 400 mm, or with a 400 
mm x 300 mm o val manhole. In the case of an oval manhole, the orientation shall be as required. The 
manhole cover shall be fitted with a hatch for open top filling of each compartment and shall be fitted 
with locking and sealing mechanisms. The manhole cover and the ha tch closure shall not leak or fail 
when the tank is subjected to the test given in Annex E . 
 
4.4.6   cover locks  
Locking devices on cover lids to prevent them from opening during a rollover should be included.  
Latches should be parallel to the tank side an d face the rear when in the locked position so that in a 
forward/slide motion roll over, they will be forced toward the “locked” position.   
4.5 Tank accessories  
4.5.1  General  
All attachments to a tank shall be made from materials that are compatible with the material of the 
tank.  
 
4.5.2  Valves  
4.5.2.1  Design and mounting  
 
4.5.2.1.1   Each liquid discharge opening shall be provided with a spring -loaded valve that opens 
towards the tank interior and is of a type that, when de -energized, will close automatical ly. The valve 
seat shall be located within the mounting pad and the valve stem shall not be attached to the actuator.  
 
4.5.2.1.2   The valve assembly shall be of a design such that, in the event of an accident, the 
actuator and the outlet pipe can break awa y, causing the valve to close automatically. Additionally, all 
valves and pipes fitted on the tank for the purpose of filling or discharge shall be adequately protected 
by an under and side rail damage protection device.  
 
4.5.2.2  Controls  
 
Valve actuators shall be operated by mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic means, with controls 
designed to give rapid response. An additional control (emergency trip) shall be situated in a position 
away from any discharge point, and an acceptable means of automatically clo sing the valve(s) in the 
event of a fire shall be provided.  
 
4.5.3  Vents  
 
Each tank compartment shall be provided with at least one pressure -and-vacuum vent that is 
designed in such a way that it prevents loss of liquid through the vent owing to surge or t o the vehicle's 
overturning. The vent(s) shall be mounted, shielded and drained in such a manner as to prevent the 
accumulation of water. The exits of all vents other than emergency vents shall be covered with wire 
gauze of nominal aperture size in the ran ge 425 µm to 600 µm. Each vent shall comply with the 
appropriate of the requirements given in 4.5.3.1 to 4.5.3.4.  
 
4.5.3.1  Normal vents  
  
14 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
 A normal vent shall have an unrestricted outlet area of at least 280 mm2. When tested in accordance 
with annex D, the v ent shall start to open at a pressure not exceeding 7 kPa, and shall start to open at 
a vacuum not exceeding 3 kPa.  
 
4.5.3.2   Filling and discharging vents  
 
4.5.3.2.1   Where a tank compartment is designed for filling and discharging with the hatch closure  
closed, it shall be provided, where necessary, with an artificial vent or vents that, at the specified liquid 
loading and discharging rates for the tank, ensure(s) that the pressure in the tank, cannot exceed 20 
kPa and the vacuum cannot exceed 7 kPa.  
 
4.5.3.2.2  Unless effective protection against overfilling is provided, the vent(s), when tested in 
accordance with 6.5.2.8, shall have sufficient venting capacity to ensure that, in the case of accidental 
overfilling, a tank pressure of 20 kPa is not excee ded. 
 
4.5.3.3 Emergency vents  
 
4.5.3.3.1  The following requirements shall be complied with:  
 
Each tank or compartment of a tank (as relevant) shall be provided with one or more emergency vents 
of total capacity not less than the appropriate minimum given i n table  6. 
 
a) Pressure -actuated emerge ncy vents shall be designed such that, in the case of a pressure 
increase, the vent(s) will function in any overturn attitude of the vehicle. Each such vent shall open at a 
pressure of 25 kPa and close as soon as the pre ssure drops below this value, and shall have a flow 
rate determined and corrected to standard reference conditions, of at least 170 m3 of free air per hour.  
 
b) Where the pressure -actuated emergency vent(s) cannot provide the total minimum venting 
capacity re quired in terms of (a) above, one or more fusible emergency vents shall be fitted to 
increase the rate to at least the required value. The venting capacity of a fusible vent shall be 
determined at a pressure of 35 kPa.  
 
4.5.3.3.2  A fusible vent shall;  
 
i) Be actuated by an element that operates at a temperature not exceeding 120 °C,  
 
ii) Have an unrestricted outlet area of at least 800 mm2, and  
 
iii) Be so positioned that, under normal conditions, it cannot come into contact with the flammable 
liquid transported in t he tank.   
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  15 
  
Table 6 — Minimum emergency venting capacity  
 
Exposed area of tank 
compartment m2 
 Emergency venting 
capacity  
m3 of air/Vh1), min. 
 Exposed area of tank 
compartment m2 
 Emergency venting 
capacity  
m3 of air/h1', min 
2 
 480 
 30 
 6 650  
 
3 
 720 
 35 
 7 260  
 
4 
 960 
 40 
 7830  
 
5 
 1 200  
 45 
 8370  
 
6 
 1 440  
 50 
 8880  
 
7 
 1 680  
 55 
 9370  
 
8 
 1 920  
 60 
 9840  
 
9 
 2160  
 65 
 10300  
 
10 
 2400  
 70 
 10700  
 
12 
 2880  
 75 
 11 200  
 
14 
 3360  
 80 
 11 600  
 
16 
 3840  
 85 
 12000  
 
18 
 4320  
 90 
 12400  
 
20 
 4800  
 95 
 12800  
 
25 
 6000  
 100 
 13200  
 
1) Free air measured under standard reference conditions.  
 
 
4.5.3.4  Flow rate of vents  
 
When tested, the flow rate of a vent, in cubic metres per hour (m3/h) corrected to standard reference 
conditions, shall be at leas t that specified by the manu facturer   
 
4.5.4  Piping and fittings  
 
The piping and fittings shall have been designed for the pressures involved and, before attachment to 
the tank, shall have been subjected to a pressure of 200 kPa but, in the case of valve s, manifolds and 
fittings that are subject to bottom loading to a pressure of 800 kPa, and shall show no sign of leaking.  
 
Piping and fittings shall comply with the following requirements:   
16 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
 a) They shall not project beyond the sides or the ends of the vehic le, and shall be so protected as 
to minimize accidental damage.  
b) Piping and flexible couplings shall be designed for a maximum flow rate of 7 m/s, and to 
withstand the most severe combined stresses of the vapor pressure of the product at a temperature 
of 55 °C and either the superimposed pumping pressure or the shock loadings caused by vehicle 
movements.  
c) Fill pipes of diameter exceeding 50 mm shall terminate not less than 50 mm and not more than 
the pipe diameter from the bottom of the tank, while fill  pipes of diameter 50 mm and smaller shall 
terminate not more than 50 mm and not less than the pipe diameter from the bottom of the tank.  
d) Unless bolted inside the manhole cover, a fill pipe shall ; 
i) be vented to the vapor space of the tank by a vent of  diameter at least 10 mm (or of 
equivalent area), fitted with wire gauze of nominal aperture size in the range 425 µm  to 600 
µm , and so shrouded as to redirect the liquid down to the fill pipe; and  
ii) have a closure of a type such that excess pressure is  automatically relieved before the 
closure is opened.  
4.5.5  Dip tubes  
 
Where a dip -tube opening is provided, it shall comply with the relevant requirements of clause 4.5.4(d) 
for venting and pressure relief. The tube shall be stayed and of length such that  it will guide the dip 
stick towards a reinforcing plate of thickness at least equal to that of the tank shell but not less than 3 
mm. Each dip stick shall be accompanied with valid and certified corresponding calibration charts 
accredited by the relevant authorities  in respective Partner States .  
4.5.6   Access to manholes and fill openings  
 
4.5.6.1  Ready access to each manhole or fill opening shall be provided by means of a fixed ladder, 
except that a tank that has more than one manhole or fill opening sha ll be equipped with a skid -proof 
catwalk/platform that makes the fitting of more than one ladder unnecessary. The skid -proof 
catwalk/platform shall be provided with a fall protection system of either collapsible hand rail or 
suitable steel wire for fasteni ng of safety harness type.  
 
4.5.6.2  The fixed ladder shall be designed such that:  
a) The first step height does not exceed 550 mm from the ground ; 
b) The intermediate steps are equally spaced and do not exceed 300 mm apart ; 
c) There is a toe hold clearanc e of at least 130 mm ; 
d) The access steps preferably slope inward ; and  
e) Hand holds are fitted above the height of the top step/rung/platform . 
Note  The access ladder is recommended to be at the front of the tank.  
4.5.7   Attachment of non -liquid -carrying c omponents  
  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  17 
 4.5.7.1   Where  practicable, attachment of non -liquid -carrying components shall be made to the 
overturn damage protection device or sub -frame of the vehicle and the following requirements shall, in 
all cases, be complied with:  
 
a) Attachment of heav y components to the shell or head of the tank shall be made by means of 
mounting pads of shape and size such that excessive stress concentration on the tank is 
prevented. The thickness of a pad shall not exceed the thickness of the shell or head (as 
releva nt), or the weld joint design shall be such that, when force is applied in the region of the 
pad, shear failure of the weld will occur without causing the tank to rupture.  
 
b) Skirting structures, conduit clips, brakeline clips and similar light compon ents o f a suitable 
metal of thickness not exceeding 70 % of that of the shell or head to which they will be 
attached, or of construction or material appreciably less strong than the shell or head, may be 
secured directly to the shell or head, provided that each component is so designed and 
installed that damage will not affect the flammable -liquid retention integrity of the tank.  
 
4.5.7.2  Light components shall be secured to the tank shell by continuous welding or in such a 
manner as to preclude formation of po ckets that could become sites for corrosion.  
4.6  Pumping systems  
 
4.6.1  Power source  
Where a pumping system is fitted to the vehicle, it shall be driven by one of the following means:  
 
a) The tractive engine of the vehicle;  
b) A flameproof electric motor  
c) An air motor or an hydraulic motor; or  
d) A spark -ignition auxiliary engine shall not be used to operate the pumping system.  
e) An auxiliary compression -ignition engine of sound design and construction and that; 
i) Has an air intake, fitted with an eff icient flame arrester or located in a position such that in the 
case of a backfire, flammable vapor in the atmosphere will not be ignited,  
ii) Has an exhaust system free from leaks, that is mounted at least 100 mm from the tank and from 
all liquid -carrying  components, and that discharges the gases at the rear of the cab , 
iii) Has an electrical system (if fitted) that complies with the applicable requirements of hazardous 
environment with flammable vapors always , and 
iv) Is located in a suitable position and  so shielded that flammable vapors are not dr awn towards the 
engine and that spillages or leaks do not come into contact with the engine or the exhaust system, 
but that is not so enclosed that overheating or the accumulation of explosive vapors  can occur.  
 
4.6.2  Pumps  
The pump shall be suitable for the required application and shall have a rotational speed that is so 
controlled that the rating of the pump cannot be exceeded. The body shall be non -porous and made 
of a non -flammable material. The pump shall b e mounted on the vehicle in a suitable position and  
18 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
 protected from accidental damage.  
4.6.3  Working pressure  
 
The working pressure of a pumping system shall be as required . The entire system, after assembly, 
when hydraulically tested in accordance to Annex  C at its normal working pressure, shall not leak.  
 
4.7 Hoses  
 
4.7.1  Normal hoses  
4.7.1.1  A normal hose for the conveyance of flammable liquids shall be compatible with the liquid to 
be transported, and its length, nominal size, maximum working pressure an d type (which shall be 
one of the following) shall be as required:  
a) Type 1: a hose that has electrical continuity; or  
b) Type 2: a hose that has an anti -static cover and no electrical bonding.  
4.7.1.2  When tested in accordance with an approved method and  after flexing, a type 1 hose shall 
have electrical continuity from end to end, and a 1 m length of a type 2 hose shall have an electrical 
resistance of not less than 104 Ω, and not more than 107 Ω. 
4.7.1.3  When tested in accordance with the approved hydra ulic pressure test, a hose shall 
withstand a pressure of twice the maximum working pressure without bursting.  
 
4.7.2  Hose carriers  characteristics  
a) Self-draining storage hose carriers, to be fitted on the left hand/right side of tank.  
 
b) The hose carriers shall ha ve rounded ends and with no sharp protrusions or edges liable to 
damage the hoses.  
 
c) The hoses shall be clamped securely into the hose carrier by means of straps.  
 
d) The hose carrier shall be of sufficient length of prevent the hoses end from hanging out of t he 
rear end.  
 
e) The hose carriers may serve as mudguards on the rear most axle sets.  
4.7.3  Testing hoses  
4.7.3.1  Hose shall pass visual examination first to qualify for pressure testing.  
4.7.3.2  Hoses shall be examined and pressure tested at least every twel ve (12) months or earlier if 
signs of deterioration occur.  
4.7.3.3  Hoses shall be pressure tested using water as test liquid.  
4.7.3.4  Gravity drop low pressure hoses shall be pressure tested at manufacturer’s recommended 
test pressure but not less than 3 5 kPa.  
4.7.3.5  Pump delivery high pressure hoses shall be pressure test ed to be at 1.5 times (150 %) the 
maximum working pressure .  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  19 
   
 
4.8 The road tank vehicle  
 
4.8.1  Cab 
 
4.8.1.1   The cab of a road tank vehicle shall be of sound design and construction and so mounted 
that a distance of at least 150 mm is provided between the back of the cab and the front of the tank.  
 
4.8.1.2   The driver’s cab shall be constructed from materials that are not readily flammable. When 
tested in accordance with ISO 3795, the following cab components shall have a burn rate not 
exceeding 100 mm/min . 
  
 
a) seat cushions and backs,  
b) safety belts,  
c) head linings,  
d) opening roofs,  
e) arm rests,  
f) all trim panels including door, front, rear and side panels,  
g) compartment shelves,  
h) head restrai nts, floor coverings,  
i) sun visors,  
j) curtains,  
k) shades,  
l) wheel housing covers,  
m) engine compartment covers,  
n) mattress covers, and  
o) any other interior materials including padding and crash -deployed elements that are designed 
to absorb energy on contact by occupan ts in the event of a crash.  
 
4.8.1.3   Where a window is provided in the back of the cab, it shall be non -opening and of safety 
glass that is also hermetically sealed and fitted with fire -resistant retention.  
 
4.8.1.4   Cab heaters other than those operated from the vehicles’ engine and electrical lighters where 
fitted shall be removed. Auxiliary sockets where fitted shall be provided with sealable caps.  
  
20 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
 4.8.1.5   A special, clearly marked document holder shall be mounted in a conspicuous position in the 
cab (see 4.8.6.2).  
4.8.2  Shielding of engine  
4.8.2.1  Where the engine or any component part of the engine extends beyond, or is exposed at the 
rear of the cab, it shall be shielded from overhead spillage by a shield made of metal or other suitable 
non-absorb ent material. Care shall be taken to ensure that engine cooling is not restricted.  
4.8.2.2  The engine shield shall be designed so that;  
a) It protects the cargo tank from a fire in the engine compartment ; and  
b) It prevents any flammable liquid spilt duri ng the loading of the tank or as a result of the front 
compartment being ruptured from entering the engine compartment . 
4.8.3 Chassis and mounting of tank(s)  
4.8.3.1  The chassis of a road tank vehicle and the means of attachment of tank(s) shall be 
design ed to withstand the loadings given in 4.3.6 and 4.3.7, based on the mass of the fully loaded 
tank(s), complete with fittings and attachments, subject to a permissible stress of not more than the 
value given in terms of 4.3.4.  
4.8.3.2  The tank(s) shall fo rm an integral part of, or be attached to, the chassis in a positive and 
safe manner and such that relative movement between a tank and the chassis is restricted and no 
excessive stress due to loading or vehicle movement is introduced into the shell.  
 
4.8.4  Stability  
 
The height of the centroid of the tank cross -section at half the tank length shall fall within an 
isosceles triangle that has a base length at ground level equal to the overall width between the 
outside walls of the outside tyres of the major  load axles, and that has base angles not exceeding 
62°. 
 
4.8.5  Demountable tanks  
 
4.8.5.1   A demountable tank shall comply with all the appropriate requirements of this standard, 
except that an ISO container tank designed for the conveyance of petroleum -based flammable liquids 
may be used, provided that such a tank is properly secured as spelt out in ISO 3874 the truck through 
the bottom comer fittings by means of acceptable securing devices, e.g. twist locks or pin -type 
securing devices.  
 
4.8.5.2   When so required, a demountable tank shall be fitted with lifting lugs. Such lugs shall be so 
designed as to withstand the maximum stress values induced when a fully loaded tank is being lifted.  
 
4.8.5.3   A demountable tank of capacity not exceeding 3 000 L sha ll be exempt from the 
requirements given in:  
a) Emergency vents, and  
b) Overturn protection, provided that each fitting is protected by at least a vertical metal strip of 
thickness not less than 4.5 mm and which extends continuously around the fitting and projects not  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  21 
 less than 25 mm above the fitting (or unless each fitting is provided with equivalent protection).  
4.8.6  Placard and document holders  
4.8.6.1   Holders for identification placards  
 
A holder for identification placards shall be fitted on each si de and at the rear of a tank. Holders shall 
be of such size and shape that suitable placards can be fitted that identify the type of liquid being 
conveyed and describe the action to be taken in the event of an emergency. Placard holders are not 
required wh en a decal type of placard is affixed on the tank direct.  
4.8.6.2   Document holder in cab  
A special, clearly marked lockable document holder shall be mounted in a conspicuous position in the 
cab (for easy location in an emergency). The holder shall be lar ge enough to store delivery documents 
relevant to the current product being transported.  
4.8.6.3   Document storage container  
If other instructions are also carried, such as documents for other commodities (e.g. on the return trip), 
a lockable document stor age container for these documents shall be mounted in a conspicuous 
position in the cab.  
4.8.7  Exhaust systems  
 
4.8.7.1  General  
 
4.8.7.1.1 The vehicle engine exhaust shall discharge sideways of the vehicle at a point not closer than 
1 m from any tank outl et or liquid discharge point.  
4.8.7.1 2 All trucks shall be equipped with spark arrester  
4.8.7.2  Shielding of exhaust  
  
Where the exhaust system extends beyond, or is exposed at the rear of, the cab, that part of the 
system shall be shielded. The diameter of the shield shall exceed that of the exhaust pipe by at least 
100 mm, and the shield shall be so mounted that overhead spillage will not come into contact with the 
exhaust or mufflers.  
 
4.8.8  Brakes  
 
4.8.8.1  Brakes shall comply with the relevant statutory requi rements of the respective Partner States . 
Vehicles equipped with endurance braking systems emitting high temperatures and are placed behind 
the rear wall of the driver’s cab shall be equipped with a thermal shield securely fixed and located 
between this sy stem and the tank or load so as to avoid heating of the tank shell or load.  
 
4.8.8.2  The thermal shield shall be made of durable material so designed that its surface 
temperature does not exceed 200 ºC. The thermal shield shall protect the endurance brakin g system  
against any outflow or leakage of the load/cargo.   
 
4.8.9  Electrical wiring and equipment  
Electrical wiring and equipment that could be in a hazardous location shall be ingress and explosion 
protected in accordance with IEC 60529 and IEC 60079. Screw -in bulbs shall not be used except in  
22 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
 safe areas classified by statutory code.  
4.8.9.1 Wiring system  
 
4.8.9.1. 1 The wiring shall have adequate current -carrying capacity and mechanical strength and shall 
be connected, insulated and protected against ph ysical damage, in keeping with sound engineering 
practice. Insulation -gripping type terminals shall be used, except on the battery and starter cables.  
 
4.8.9.1. 2  For truck -tractors (prime -movers) and rigid vehicle chassis, the electrical wiring system 
shall be installed in accordance with one of the following;  
 
a) An insulated return standard where the vehicle “chassis” is floating electrically and is not 
connected to either the negative or positive pole of the battery with all electrical equipment having 
supply and return cables  
 
b) A chassis return standard where the negative pole of the battery is connected from the negative 
terminal on the battery master switch (switched side) to the vehicle chassis, with electrically 
powered equipment having a supply cable and the return via connections to the chassis.  
 
c) An insulated return standard but where connection is made from the negative terminal on the 
battery master switch (switched side) to the manufacture r’s dedicated earth point.  
 
4.8.9.1.3  A suitable nameplate s hall be fitted inside the cab clearly visible form through the nearside 
door aperture showing which of the three above electrical systems is fitted.  
 
4.8.9.1.4  For semi -trailers and trailers, the electrical system shall be installed to an insulated return 
standard where the trailer -tank structure is “floating” electrically and is not connected to either the 
negative or positive pole of the battery (via the trailer connection). All the electrically powered 
equipment shall have the supply and return cables co nnected to the trailer electrical system with no 
connection made to the tank structure.  
 
4.8.9.2  Circuit protection  
 
Each circuit, other than the starting and ignition circuits, shall incorporate a protective device such as a 
fuse or a manual reset circuit -breaker. Each headlight shall be treated as a separate circuit. A clearly 
labeled means of isolation (preferably a double -pole switch on a two -wire system of a rating of not less 
than 300 Amps) shall be provided for the purpose of isolating all electrical  circuits. This device shall be 
located in such a position that it is;  
 
a) Clearly visible,  
 
b) As near to the battery as is practicable, and  
 
c) Easily accessible to a person sitting in the driver's seat or standing on the ground outside the 
vehicle.  
 
If a tachogr aph or an on -board computer is fitted, the electrical supply to the tachograph may bypass 
this means of isolation. Intrinsically safe equipment that could be needed whilst the battery is isolated 
may also bypass this means of isolation. The circuit protect ive devices and isolating means should be 
mounted inside and at the front of the cab.  
 
Note  Where a vehicle is fitted with an alternator and the battery is isolated before the engine is stopped, damage to the 
alternator is likely unless its field coils hav e been disconnected. On such vehicles, the battery isolation switch should be of the 
type that automatically opens the alternator field coil circuit immediately before the battery is isolated.   
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  23 
 4.8.9.3 Coaming and manifold lights  
 
Each light fitted for the purpose of illuminating the top fittings and the catwalk (where applicable) or the 
manifold and discharge area of a tank shall be explosion -protected with switches operable from the 
cab. The lens of each light shall be protected by a stout wire guard, of m esh size approximately 12 
mm, mounted at least 12 mm clear of the lens.  
4.8.9.4  Battery  
 
The battery shall be mounted in a safe position away from the tank, valves and pumping system, and 
if the battery is not fitted in the cab or engine compartment, it sh all be enclosed in a covered battery 
box. The battery terminals shall be electrically insulated or covered by an electrically insulated battery 
box cover.  
4.8.10 Fire  extinguishers  
 
4.8.10.1  Each vehicle shall be provided with two portable fire extinguishe rs having at least a 20 – B 
C rating.  
 
These fire extinguishers shall be located in an accessible place on each side of the vehicle, and shall 
be securely held by a reliable quick release bracket type holder.  
 
4.8.10.2  One 2 Kg dry chemical unit mounted in side the cab.  
4.8.11  Rear bumper  
 
4.8.11.1  Stout steel guards or the frame of the vehicle shall be used to protect the lower part of the 
rear of the tank and piping in the event of a collision, and to minimize the possibility that the tank will 
be struck b y any part of a colliding vehicle.  
 
4.8.11.2  The bumper shall be designed to provide sufficient resistance to rear impact shall be 
fitted over the full width of the tank at the rear. This bumper shall be an addition to the rear under -run 
device.  
 
4.8.11.3  The face of the bumper (in elevation) shall be at least 100 mm high. The ends of the 
bumper and the rear under -run device shall have no sharp edges and should either be rounded or if 
manufactured from an extruded or box section, fitted with plastic end ca ps.  
 
4.8.11.4  Where the rear under -run device or the bumper form part of a step for tank top access, 
the foot holds shall be covered with a suitable anti -slip surface.  
4.8.11.5  The bumper shall be mounted such that:  
a) Its inside face or edge is not less than 100 mm  to the rear of the tank and its fittings at any 
point  
b) No lower than the height of the chassis on the rigid tanker ; and  
c) No lower than the height of the tank mountings on trailers and semi -trailers.  
 
4.8.11.6  For tankers without a separate chassis - i.e. sem i trailers and trailers, the mounting of the 
rear under -run device and the bumper shall be designed and validate through testing or analysis to 
withstand credible impact forces without generating any high stress concentrations which can affect 
the integrit y of the tank shell for the following conditions:   
24 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
  
a) Low level impact on rear under -run device only;  
b) High level impact on bumper only;  and 
c) Simultaneous high and low level impact on rear under -run device and bumper.  
 
4.8.11.7  The bumper and the rear under -run device shall be bolted to their supports and their 
supports bolted to the chassis or the under -structure to enable replacement or repair without the need 
for in -situ hot works  
4.9 Manhole covers  
Manhole covers, including fill openings, shall comply with t he requirements of one of the following 
tests:  
a) a drop test (see Annex E), after which there shall be no leakage, or;  
b) a pressure test (see Annex E). The unit shall be structurally capable of withstanding, without 
leakage or permanent deformation that would affect its structural integrity, the greater of a static 
internal fluid pressure of 25 kPa or the tank test pressure.  
4.10 Tools and first aid kits and other accessories  
Each truck -tank shall be fitted with the following kits and accessories that comply wi th the relevant 
statutory requirements of the respective Partner States ; 
a) A minimum of two wheel chocks ; 
b) A reflective conspicuity tape of a width of 25 mm (minimum) round in addition to the two chevron 
signs fixed at the rear ; 
c) A set of tools and accessories  sufficient in number, quantity and size to take care on the spot 
minor jobs ; 
d) A first -aid box kept in an easily accessible place in the truck ; 
e) A spill response kit capable of responding to a credible spill incidence that the truck can 
encounter ; 
f) Two safety  triangles ; 
g) Cones ; and  
h) Set of emergency Instructions including emergency contacts . 
 
4.11 Hand rails or safety cables  
 
Hand rails/safety cables are to be fitted on top of the tank on both sides running inside and parallel 
with the roll over valances from fr ont to rear of the tank. These cables are for attaching a personnel 
safety harness and shall be fall tested to withstand 1500 N.  
 
4.12 Access ladder   
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  25 
  
4.12.1  A suitable tank top access ladder shall be provided and mounted either at the rear or front of 
the tank in such a manner that it will not interfere with operating requirements, lead to a breach of any 
applicable regulations, or be a safety hazard.  
 
4.12.2  The ladder shall be fixed at both ends and all rungs shall be of non -slip material. Non -slip 
materi al shall be fitted to any other ladder access 'step" e.g. under run bumper. The ladder shall be 
easily accessible from ground level, either by having the lowest rung no more than 500 mm above 
grade or by fitting additional steps integrated into the rear bu mper bar or under -run protection device.  
 
4.13 Tyre and wheel requirements  
 
4.13.1  The tyres used on the vehicles shall comply  with EAS 357.  
 
4.13.2  Retreading of tyres is an option that many fleets use to extend the life of tyre casings.  
Retread tyres shall c omply with relevant standards . However, retreaded tyres shall be used only on 
drive or trailer axles and not on steering axles.  
 
4.14 Auxiliary  equipment  
 
a) Two high intensity reversing lights shall be fitted to the rear of the vehicle, angled to the rear an d 
slightly outwards.  
 
b) An audible reversing warning device shall be fitted on the rear of the vehicle.  
 
c) A number plate mounting bracket with light shall be fitted.  
 
d) Rear high mounted stop light is to be fitted.  
 
e) Mud flaps are to be fitted behind the rearmos t wheels. The flaps will be attached to separate 
brackets and will not be suspended from the mudguards.  
 
f) Ease of entry and exit from the cab.  Appropriate exterior cab mounted grab handles should be 
provided to prevent slips and falls.  The ends of steps s hould include guards to protect the driver 
against injury to his legs when entering the cab.  
 
g) Driver’s seat and steering wheel.  The position of the steering wheel should be easily adjusted.  
The seat should be adjustable with articulated upper back suppor ts to relieve back fatigue.   
 
h) Large exterior rear and side view mirrors.  Exterior mirrors are to be provided and mounted in 
such a way as to provide a vibration free view of what is behind and on both sides of the vehicle.  
 
i) High intensity fog lights  shall be provided.  
 
 
5 Marking  
5.1 Tanks  
5.1.1    The tank serial number shall be stamped on a visible  part of the tank.  
5.1.2   Each tank shall, in addition, bear the following information legibly and durably marked on a  
26 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
 flameproof data plate that is adequat ely secured to the tank or attached structure facing forward of the 
tank, near the front and in a place readily accessible for inspection:  
 
a) The manufacturer's name, trade name or trade mark;  
 
b) The serial number of the tank;  
 
c) The date of manufacture;  
 
d) The da te of test;  
 
e) The design pressure;  
 
f) The tank capacity, in litres, per compartment (front to rear);  
 
g) The maximum liquid load, in kilograms;  
 
h) The maximum design liquid density, in kilograms per cubic metre ;  
 
i) The maximum fill rate, in litres per minute, and p ressure, in kilopascals;  
 
j) The maximum discharge rate, in litres per minute; and  
k) The statement: "This vessel complies with CD/K/4/2016 (but only in conjunction 
with the inspection authority stamp).  
 
 
5.2 Tank body marks  
 
Each tank used for transportation of petroleum shall, whether loaded or empty, be conspicuously 
marked on each side and rear thereof in letters at least 18 Inches high on a background of sharply 
contrasting color the word ‘FLAMMABLE’, “DANGEROUS” and “ KEEP DISTANCE.”  
 
5.3 Vents  
 
Each vent sha ll be legibly and durably marked with its flow capacity and the pressure at which this 
was determined, or with a reference number. Where a vent is marked with a reference number, the 
supplier shall provide, in a pamphlet or booklet, details of the flow cap acity and pressure for that 
reference number.  
5.4 Static charge dissipation wire   
A static charge dissipation wire shall be installed in the approximate center of each compartment.  
Wire should be firmly attached at the top to the manhole cover and at the bottom to the bottom valve 
splash shield. All new tank trailer orders should specify the hollow core static charge dissipation wire 
unless the compartment is fitted with a central sounding tube.  
6 Inspection and test methods   
 
6.1 Inspection  
 
6.1.1  The ent ire testing shall be done by a competent person approved by the approving authority  in 
the respective Partner States  and record s shall be maintained .  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  27 
  
6.1.2  Visually examine and, using any means that will provide the required accuracy, then measure 
the tan k and components of the road tank vehicle for compliance with all the relevant requirements of 
Clauses 4 and 5 for which tests are not given in Annex E. 
 
6.2 Test method  
 
The test methods shall be as outlined in Annexes A to E.  
 
7 External and internal painting  
The tank truck shall be adequately painted externally to prevent corrosion arising from atmospheric 
influence.  
 
Painting shall be carried out as per the following and in accordance with the purchasers approved 
color scheme: - 
 
a) Surface preparation shal l be done with the help of blast cleaning.  
 
b) Primer shall be epoxy zinc chromate of two coats with minimum dry film thickness of 35 
microns/coat.  
 
c) Finish coat shall be acrylic polyurethane paint of two coats of minimum dry film thickness of 30 to 
40 microns /coat,  
 
d) For jet fuel, the inside of the tanker shall be painted with epoxy paint. For the other fuel tankers the 
inside may be painted with epoxy paint.  
 
 
8 Certification  
 
A certificate shall be issued for each tanker after inspection and testing by the I nspecting Authority.  
The initial certificate will remain valid and subsequent recertification of the tanker be obtained from the 
inspecting Authority at intervals as specified by the  respective authority in relevant Partner States .  
 
9 Issuance of permits  
 
The permits for the road tankers shall be issued by the relevant Authorities in respective Partner 
States . 
 
10 Purchase and supply documents  
 
These documents shall be as detailed in Annexes F and G.  
  
28 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
  
Annex A  
(normative)  
 
Resistance of the tank to hydro static pressure  
A.1 With the manhole cover removed, the manhole opening covered with a plate and all relief valves 
clamped, plugged or otherwise rendered inoperative, subject the tank to an internal hydrostatic test 
pressure equal to the higher of the mark ed design pressure or 35 kPa.  
A.2 Maintain the pressure for 30 min  to verify that the tank does not burst or leak . If the tank is 
compartmented, test each compartment separately, ensuring that the adjacent compartments are 
empty and at atmospheric pressure . 
  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  29 
 Annex B  
(normative)  
Hydrostatic or pneumatic testing of pipes, valves, manifolds and fittings  
 
Prior to attachment, subject each pipe, valve, manifold and fitting used for the conveying of liquid, to a 
hydrostatic or a pneumatic test at the relevant pr essures. Maintain the pressure at 35 kPa  for 30 min  
to detect any leaks.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
30 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
 Annex C  
(normative)  
 
Resistance of the pumping system to hydraulic pressure  
 
After final assembly, subject the entire pumping system (if fitted) of the road tank vehicle to a hydraulic 
pressure test at normal working pressure. Continue pumping for 30 min  to detect any leaks.  
  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  31 
 Annex D  
(normative)  
 
Pressure, vacuum and flow testing of vents  
 
D.1 Apparatus  
 
D.1.1 Steel test tank  
 
Shall be of depth 0.3 m, and of length and widt h each 1 m, suitably constructed to withstand a 
pressure of at least 500 kPa, with provision for mounting a manhole cover, adaptors for fitting additional 
vents, where required, and an 80 mm screwed inlet at the bottom.  
 
D.1.2  Pressure gauge, capable of re ading from -10 kPa to +500 kPa.  
 
D.1.3  Air flow metre  
 
D.1.4  Water flow metre  
 
D.1.5  Exhauster  
 
D.1.6  Compressed air supply  
 
D.1.7  Water supply  
 
D.2  Procedure  
 
D.2.1   Fit, in the normal operating positions, the manhole cover, and the hatch and, where rele vant, 
any additional vent(s) of the prototype used on the test tank. Test the appropriate vent(s) as given in 
D.2.2 to D.2.11 with, when relevant, all other vents sealed or rendered inoperative.  
 
D.2.2   Connect the exhauster, air flow meter and pressure ga uge to the tank. Operate the 
exhauster, record the vacuum at which the vent starts to open, and check normal vents for compliance 
with 4.5.3.1.  
 
D.2.3   Where relevant, slowly increase the rate of exhaustion to a value corresponding to the 
maximum liquid di scharging rate (see 5.1(j)). Check that filling and discharging vents do not allow the 
vacuum to exceed 7 kPa (see 4.5.3.2).  
 
D.2.4   Disconnect the exhauster and replace it with the compressed air supply. Slowly introduce dry 
air and check the pressure at which the vent starts to open for compliance with 4.5.3.1 in the case of 
normal vents, and with 4.5.3.3(b) in the case of pressure -actuated emergency vents.  
 
D.2.5   Adjust the air flow until steady operating conditions are obtained at a pressure correspond ing 
to the pressure specified by the manufacturer. Except in the case of a fusible vent (which is tested as 
in clause D.2.10), record the flow rate and check for compliance with 4.5.3.4.  
 
D.2.6   When relevant, adjust the air flow until a steady pressure of  35 kPa is obtained and check the 
flow rate of pressure -actuated emergency vents for compliance with 4.5.3.3(b).  
 
D.2.7   When relevant, adjust the rate of air flow to the maximum liquid filling rate for the tank (see 
5.1(i), and check filling and dischargi ng vents for compliance with 4.5.3.2.   
32 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
  
D.2.8   Adjust the air flow to obtain a pressure in excess of 25 kPa, slowly decrease the air flow, and 
check the pressure at which the emergency pressure vent closes, for compliance with 4.5.3.3(b).  
 
D.2.9   When relev ant, connect the tank to the flow meter, pressure gauge and water supply. Adjust 
the flow rate to the maximum liquid filling rate for the tank (see 5.1 (i)) and check the filling vent for 
compliance with the relevant requirement of 4.5.3.2.  
 
D.2.10   Dry th e tank, manhole cover and vents. Where a fusible vent is fitted, remove the plug. 
Connect the air supply, flow meter and pressure gauge to the tank and, by introducing dry air at a 
steady pressure of 35 kPa; verify that the total venting capacity of the em ergency vents comply with 
4.5.3.3(b).  
 
D.2.11   Where a fusible vent is fitted, by repeating 6.5.2.4 with the plug removed and with all other 
vents sealed, verify the accuracy of the flow rate specified by the manufacturer (See  5.2 and 4.5.3.3 (c))  
  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  33 
 Annex E 
(normative)  
 
Testing of manhole covers (hatch closures, when fitted)  
 
E.1 Drop test  
E.1.1    The test shall be conducted as follows:  
a) Attach the baseplate of the manhole cover, including the fill opening, of the prototype to the end 
of a steel tube of s uch thickness that it will not distort during the test, and that has a length of 1.5 m to 
1.6 m, and a shape such that the sealing ring of the baseplate forms a liquid -tight joint with the tube, 
and with a suitable stop at the open end of the tube;  
b) Place the assembly in a suitable apparatus with the manhole cover at the bottom. Fill the tube 
with water to a depth of between 0.9  m to 1 m 
 
c) Raise the assembly vertically to a height of 1.5 m ± 0.05 m (measured from its lowest point); and  
 
d) Allow the tub e and fitted manhole cover to fall freely through a distance of 1.20  m  ± 0.01 m and 
arrest the fall abruptly by means of the stop at the open end of the tube.  
 
E.1.2   Consider  the manhole cover (and hatch closure, if fitted) to have passed the test if th e 
assembly remains liquid -tight throughout, except that slight leakage is permissible on impact, provided 
that the leak stops immediately thereafter.  
 
E.2  Pressure test  
 
E.2.1   The test shall be conducted as follows:  
 
a) Fit each manhole cover, including the fill opening, with a safety device that prevents the cover 
from opening fully when internal pressure is present;  
 
b) Secure each cover with fastenings that will prevent opening of the covers as a result of vibration 
under normal conditions of transport ation, or of shock impact due to a rollover accident on the 
roadway or shoulder, provided that the covers are not struck by a substantial obstacle.  
 
c) Mark each cover permanently, by stamping or other means, with  
 
i) The manufacturer's name;  
 
ii) The test  pressure kPa; and  
 
iii) A statement certifying that the manhole cover meets the pressure test requirements.  
  
34 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
 Annex F  
(normative)  
 
Notes to purchasers  
The following information shall be availed in tender invitations and in each order or contract:  
 
a) The type and grade of metal required for the tank(s) (see 4.2.1);  
 
b) The type of road tank vehicle;  
 
c) The total volume capacity of the tank, in litres  
 
d) The normal working pressure of the pumping system (see 4.6.3);  
 
e) The length, nominal size, maximum w orking pressure and type of hoses (see 4.7);  
 
d) Whether lifting lugs are to be fitted to demountable tanks (see 
4.8.5);  
 
e) Whether identification placard holders are to be fitted (see 4.8.6);  
 
f) When relevant, the volume capacity of the individual 
compartments.  
 
 
 
 
 
  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  35 
  
 
Annex G  
(normative)  
 
Information to be supplied by the manufacturer  
 
The manufacturer shall supply the purchaser with the following information in the form of a data book 
with each road tank vehicle produced:  
a) Details of the markings required for tanks and vents in terms of clause 5;  
b) Design calculations that prove compliance with the relevant requirements of 4.3;  
c) Where applicable, certificates covering the chemical analysis and tensile properties of all metal(s) 
used for the cons truction of the tank(s), piping and fittings (see 4.2.1 and 4.2.2);  
 
d) Where applicable, certificates covering the charpy V -notch impact values for the metal(s) and 
weld deposit(s) used in the construction of the tank(s) (to prove compliance with the requ irements of 
4.2.1 and 4.4.2.2);  
e) Weld procedure test results that prove compliance with 4.4.2;  
f) Proof of compliance of the prototype and of road tank vehicles of the same model designation 
with the requirements for manhole covers (see 4.4.5), vents (se e 4.5.3) and hoses (see 4.7); and  
g) The results of pressure tests carried out in accordance with 6.2 to 6.6.  
  
36 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
  
Annex H  
(normative)  
 
Inspection record  
 
Inspection of a road tank vehicle during and after its fabrication should include the following items 
and should be supported by a full, detailed inspection report:  
 
Subclause       Item Inspected:  
 
4.2.1    Metal(s) for tank(s)  
 
4.2.2    Materials for pipes, fittings and other ancillary equipment  
 
4.2.3    Gasket joint rings and other components  
 
4.2.4    Other  materials, if any  
 
4.3.2    Capacity of each tank  
 
4.3.9    Thicknesses of the shell, heads, bulkheads and baffles  
 
4.3.10    Stiffening of heads, bulkheads and baffles  
 
4.3.11    Circumferential reinforcement  
 
4.4.2.1    Welding: general  
 
4.4.2.2    Welds in s teel and stainless steel  
 
4.4.2.3    Welds in aluminium alloys  
 
4.4.3    Baffle and ring stiffener joints  
 
4.4.4    Overturn protection  
 
4.4.5    Manholes and fill openings  
 
4.5.2.1    Valves: design and mounting  
 
4.5.2.2    Valve controls  
 
4.5.3.1    Normal vent s 
 
4.5.3.2    Filling and discharging vents  
 
4.5.3.3    Emergency vents  
 
4.5.4    Piping and fittings  
 
4.5.5    Dip tubes  
  
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved  37 
 4.5.6    Access to manholes and fill openings  
 
4.5.7    Attachment of non -liquid -carrying components  
 
4.6.1    Power source for pumping syst em(s)  
 
4.6.2    Pump(s)  
 
4.6.3    Working pressure  
 
4.7.1    Normal hoses  
 
4.7.2    Aircraft fuelling hoses  
 
4.8.1    Cab 
 
4.8.2    Shielding of engine  
 
4.8.3    Chassis and mounting of tank(s)  
 
4.8.4    '    Stability  
 
4.8.5    Demountable tanks  
 
4.8.6    Placard a nd document holders  
 
4.8.6.1    Holders for identification placards (if applicable)  
 
4.8.6.2    Document holder in cab  
 
4.8.6.3    Document storage container  
 
4.8.7    Exhaust systems  
 
4.8.7.1    General  
 
4.8.7.2    Shielding of exhaust  
 
4.8.8    Brakes  
 
4.8.9    Electrical wiring and equipment  
 
4.8.9.1    Wiring system  
 
4.8.9.2    Circuit protection  
 
4.8.9.3     Coaming and manifold lights  
 
4.8.9.4    Battery  
 
4.8.9.5    Electrical bonding  
 
4.8.10    Fire extinguishers  
  
38 © EAC  2019  – All rights reserved  
 4.8.11    Rear bumper  
 
5.1   Marking of tanks  
 
5.2   Marking of vents  
 
 DEAS 4: 2019   
 
© EAC 2019  – All rights reserved