TBS/CDC 15 ( 1990 ) DTZS :2023  
ICS: 75.160.20  
 
© TBS 2023   Second Edition 2023  
 
  
  
 
 
 
DRAFT TA NZANIA STANDARD 
      
 
 Fuel Additives – Specification  
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
        
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANZANIA BUREAU  OF STANDARDS 
 
 
  
i 
  
Foreword  
 
This Draft Tanzania Standard is being prepared by the Petroleum and petroleum products  
Technical Committee under  the supervision of Chemicals Divisional Standards Committee 
and it is in accordance with the procedures of the Bureau.  
 
This is second draft cancels and replaces the first edition, TZS 1247:2012 which has been 
technically revised  
 
For the purpose of deci ding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied 
with, the final value observed or calculated expressing the result(s) of a test or analysis 
shall, be rounded off in accordance with TZS 4  Rounding off numeric values  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
ii 
 Introduction  
 
The petroleum additive industry is a research and development intensive industry and its 
products are marketed almost exclusively to industrial users. A very wide range of additives 
has been developed to meet the needs of an i ndustry which converts principally 
hydrocarbon fuels into heat energy, either to provide transportation or to generate electricity 
for industrial and domestic consumption.  
 
The wide range of products required reflects both the range of fuel types that ben efit from 
additive use and also the range of performance features that can be improved, or 
operational problems that can be overcome, through the use of additives. These may be 
encountered at the refinery, in distribution systems and storage tanks or in us e, for 
example, in numerous different transport applications.  
 
An additive may be used as a single stand -alone product to resolve a specific issue, for 
example at the refinery or, frequently, may be combined with other products to create a 
multi -functiona l package for use in finished fuels for the automotive industry. Fuel additive 
treat levels are generally low, with some additives dosed at single figure mg/kg (ppm) 
levels. Others are employed at treat levels ranging from 50 – 3500 mg/kg (0.005 – 0.35 %) 
depending on the extent and range of benefit desired. Additive treat levels employed do not 
approach those of fuel blending components (such as ethanol for use in gasoline, or fatty 
acid methyl esters – FAME – in diesel fuel), where use levels are typicall y 3 – 20% of 
hydrocarbon base fuel volume.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
3 
 DRAFT TANZANIA STANDARD              TBS/CDC 1 5 (1990 ) DTZS: 202 3 
Fuel additives  — Specification  
1 Scope  
This Draft Tanzania Standard specifies requirements , sampling and test  methods fo r fuel 
additives used in  gasoline  (petrol)  and/or  gas oil (diesel)  engines . 
 
2 Normative  references   
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their 
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated re ferences, only the edition 
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document 
(including any amendments) applies.  
 
ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling  
ISO 3171 , Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling  
TZS 672/EAS 158 ,Automotive gasoline (premium motor spirit) — Specification  
TZS 674 /EAS 177 , Automotive gas oil (automotive diesel) — Specification  
TZS 2260 , High performance engine lubricating oil for diesel engines  
TZS 2261 , High performance engine lubricati ng oil for petrol engines  
TZS 983, Air Qualit y – Vehicular  Exhaust  EmissionsLimits  
TZS 698, Road  vehicles  – Code  of practice  for inspection  and testing  of used  motor  
Vehicles  for road worthiness  
TZS 836 – 1, Air quality – General considerations – Part 1 – Vocabulary  
TZS 836 -2, Air quality – General considerations Part 2 – Particle size fractions definitions 
for health related sampling  
TZS 985 /ISO 3929 , Road vehicles – Measurement methods for exhaust gas emissions 
during inspection or maintenance   
TZS 986 /ISO 3930 , Instruments for measuring vehicle exhaust emissions – Metrological 
and technical requirements; Metrological control and performance tests  
ISO 1998 -1, Petroleum industry — Terminology — Part 1: Raw materials and products  
ISO 14396 , Reciprocating in ternal combustion engines — Determination and method for 
the measurement of engine power — Additional requirements for exhaust emission tests 
in accordance with ISO 8178   
4 
  
 
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definition s given in ISO 1998 -1 and the 
following apply.  
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following 
addresses:  
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp   
3.1  
fuel 
any material which is capable of releasing energy or power by combustion or other 
chemical or physical reaction  
 
3.1  
fuel additives  
chemical substances that are designed to be added to fuels for the purpose of improving 
engine performance; red ucing fuel consumption and reducing emissions. They also make 
fuel burn more uniformly and completely. They are normally grouped into cleaners or 
catalysts  
 
3.2  
baseline  fuel 
fuel that conforms  to the requirement s of TZS 672 and TZS 674  
 
3.3  
reformulat ed fuel 
fuel into which  additives  has been  added   
 
3.4  
exhaust  emission  limit 
highest  permissible  quantity  of pollutants  released  into the atmosphere  from a vehicle,  
expres sed as the concentration  of pollutants  in relation  to one unit of produ ction  or to the 
degree  of air pollution  caused  by these  sources  (e.g.,  dark color  of smoke)
 
3.5  
emission  
shall mean  transfer  of pollutants  from the source  to the atmosphere  
 
4 Types of fuel additives  
 
4.1 Main additives component families ; 
  
Additive can be sub -divided in terms of their point of application as indicated below:  
a) Refinery products  
• Antioxidant and stability improver additives  
• Octane/cetane enhancing additives  
• Cold flow improver additives   
 
 
5 
 • Metal deactivator additives  
• Dyes  
 
b) Distri bution system produc ts  
• Corrosion inhibitors  
• Pipeline drag reducing additives  
• Anti-static additives  
 
c) Automotive performance enhancement products  
• Deposit control additives  
• Cetane improvers  
• Lubricity additives  
• Friction modifiers  
• Antifoam additives  
• Corrosion inhibitors  
• Demulsifiers/dehazers  
• Ant-valve seat recession additives  
• Fuel borne catalysts for particulate filters  
 
4.2 Multi-functional  additives  
4.2.1  Combined packages of a number of selected additive components should be 
assembled to provide a bespoke performanc e-enhancing additive for use by fuel retailers 
for their products.  
 
4.2.2  Multifunctional gasoline additive packages will often combine a deposit control 
additive with a corrosion inhibitor and demulsifier additive. Multifunctional dies el additive 
packages  are frequently more complex and may combine deposit control additive with 
cetane number improver, antifoam additive, corrosion inhibitor and demulsifier (and 
possibly also cold improver additives depending on seasonality).  
 
5 Requireme nts  
 
5.1 General re quirements  
 
The fuel additive shall not have harmful side -effects t hat may cause  deterioration in 
performance of baseline fuel.  
 
 
5.2 Specific requirements  
5.2.1 Chemical and physical properties  
5.2.1.1  When the fuel is reformulated using the ratios spec ified by manufacturer of fuel 
additives, the properties  shall confo rm to requirements of TZS 672  in case of reformulated 
gasoline and TZS 674  in case of reformulated diesel or both as the claim of the additive 
may be.  
 
5.2.1.2 Fuel additives formulator sha ll specify a range of composition and properties to 
minimize the  variability of performance of reformulated fuels.  
  
 
 
6 
 5.2.2 Emission data  
The exhaust gas emission test shall be performed to evaluate the effect of additive used in 
fuel and test shall be perfo rmed according to TZS 985/ISO 3929 and shall conform to the  
requir ements of TZS 983 . 
 
 
5.2.3 Engine performance  
5.2.3.1  The questionnaire  for evaluation  of fuel additives  (annex  A) should  be filled in 
before  any certification  process  continues.  
5.2.3.2  When engine  performance  test is done  according  to TZS 986/ISO 3930, t here 
should be no significant differences. Alternatively,  the method  stated  in annex  B can be 
used for engine performance test.  
 
5.3 Approval and Registration  
5.3.1 Each fuel additive shall  be approved and registered by relevant authority prior to its 
introduction into market.  
 
5.3.2 For the approval of fuel additive, the showing of compliance shall address the 
following:  
 
a) that the additive does not have any adverse effects on the operation , performance, 
durability, or materials of the products intended f or use;  
b) that the additive does not have any adverse effects on the performance of the 
baseline fuel that is intended for use with;  
c) that the additive is compatible with all other additives,  or combination of all other 
additives, permitted for use in the b aseline fuel that the additive is intended for use 
with; and  
d) that the additive does not have harmful side -effects on environment and human 
health and safety.  
 
6 Packaging and labelling  
6.1 Packaging  
6.1.1  The condition of the containers shall be such as  not to be detrimental to the quality of 
the additive during normal transportation and storage. The containers shall be acceptably 
sealed or leak proof, corrosion resistant, heat resistant, clean, and free from materials 
soluble in the product.  
 
6.1.2  The product shall be accompanied by the Material Safety Data (MSD) Sheet.   
 
6.2 Labelling  
Each container and bulk package shall bear (in prominent legible and indelible marking) the 
following information:  
a) manufacturer's name or trade mark or both;  
b) wording to indication  that the product is a fuel additive;  
c) instructions for storage, use and disposal ;  
d) batch identification;   
 
 
7 
 e) dates of m anufacture and expiry ;  
f) net contents in me tric units ; and  
g) safety precaution as applicable.   
 
 
 
7 Samplin g  
Sampling shall be done in accordance with  ISO 3170 or ISO 3171 . Samples should be 
stored in  accordance to manufacturer  recommend ations . The containers should only be 
opened during testing .  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
8 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annex A  
(Normative)  
 
Fuel Additive Quest ionnaire for Evaluation Procedure  (Petrol and Diesel)  
 
 
Complete and send the questionnaire, along with existing data pertinent to the additive’s effects, to 
CERTIFICA TION or REGISTRATION AUTHORITY.  
 
The testing l aboratory needs to be competent in conduct ing the appropriate tests.  
 
1 Company name or Patent name: 
........................................................................................................... ...............  
2 Address & Phone No: 
........ .......................................... ................................................................................................................
....................................................... ............................................... ..............  
3 Contact person (Name & P hone No): 
............................................................................................................................. ................................ .....
.......................................... .......................  
4 Additive name o r code: 
............................................................................................................................. ............  
5 Additive descripti on and category (Cleaner, catalyst, etc.): 
.............................................. ....................................................................................................................
................................................... ............................................... .......................................... ......................
..................................  
5.1 What are the additive’s effects on the following engine characteristics, and how long does it take  
 
to observe these effects? Performance (Fuel consump tion, Exhaust Temperature, etc) 
.......... ............................................................................................................................. ........................... 
.............. ............................................... .......................................... ........................................................... 
........................................................................................................... ............................................... ........ 
5.2 Exhaust emissions (including smoke and particulate emissions) 
............................................................................................................................. ......... ........................... 
5.3 Combustion depo sits (including sparking) 
................ ............................................................................................................................. .....................
..................... ............................................... .......................................... ....................................................  
5.4 Lube oil 
.................................................................................................... ............................................... ...............
........................... ............................................................................................................................. ..........
.......................... ..... ............................................... .......................................... ...........................  
5.5 Wear 
............................................................................................................................. ..................................... 
 
 
9 
 .............. .......................................... ..........................................................................................................
.......................... .................................. ............................................... ........................................  
 
6 Fuel system (6.1 parameters for diesel fuel and 6.2 parameters for gasoline fuel )  
 
6.1 What are the effects of the additive on the following diesel fuel properties ?  
6.1.1 Cetane number: ...................... .......................................... ..............................................  
6.1.2: Viscosity........................................................................................................ .....................  
6.1.3: API Gravity..... .......................................... ..........................................................................  
6.1.4 Distillation Range.................................................................... ...........................................  
6.1.5 Sulphur Content...................... ..............................................................................................  
6.1.6 Carbon Residue.................................................... .............................................. ...............  
6.1.7 Flash point........ .................................................................................................................  
6.1.8 Cloud point.................................... .............................................. .......................................  
6.1.9 Pour Point.............................................................................................................. ............  
6.1.10 Ash Content............ ............................................. .......................................... ..................  
6.1.11 Corrosiveness......................................................................................................... .........  
6.1.12 Aromat ics.......................................... .......................................... .....................................  
6.1.13 Filterability......................................................................................................... ...............  
6.1.14 Water absorption.......... .......................................... ..........................................................  
6.1.15 Stability............................................................................................. ................................  
6.1.16 Foam ing....................................... ....................................................................................  
6.1.17 Bacterial resistance........................................................ ............................................. .....  
6.1.18 Vapor pressure.............. ...................................................................................................  
6.1.19 Miscibility Limits........................................... ............................................. ........................  
 
6.2 What are th e effects of the additive on the following petrol fuel properties?  
6.2.1 Research octane number (RON)................................................................... .....................  
6.2.2 Motor octane num ber (MON)................................. .............................................................  
6.2.3 Reid Vapour Press ure (RVP), bar at 37.8 ⁰C.......................................................   
6.2.4 Density at 20 ºC kg/m3 ......................................................................................................  
6.2.5 Distillation point, temper ature ºC:  
10% (v/ v) evaporated............................................................. ........................................  
50% (v/v) evaporated at..................................................................................................  
90% (v/v) evapora ted at.................................................................... ..............................  
Final boiling point ⁰C........................................................................................................  
Residual %(v/v)................................................................................. ...............................  
6.2.6 Flexible volatility index (FVI) = RVP + 0.7E70...................................................................... 
6.2.7 Oxidation stability (Minutes)................................................................. ................................   
6.2.8 Copper strip corrosion (3hrs at 50 ºC)..................................................................................  
6.2.9 Existence gum content solvent washed mg/100ml........................................... .................... 
6.2.10 Sul phur content % m/m...................................................................................................... 
6.2.11 Color............................................................................................ ............................... ........ 
6.2.12 Oxygen content %(m/m)................................................................................................. .... 
6.2.13 Total aromatics, % by volume................................................... ............................... ........... 
6.2.14 Total acidity, mg KOH/g............................................................................................... ....... 
6.2.15 Mercaptan Sulphur % by mass.............................................. ............................... ..............  
  
 
 
10 
 7 What are the effects of the additive on polymers, filter media and other fuel system components? 
............................................................................................................. ............................... ......... 
............................................................................................................................. .........................  
8 How is this additive used? 
.................................. ............................... ..................................................................................... 
............................................................................................................................. .............. ............  
8.1 How is it mix ed with fuel? 
............................................................................................................................. .......................... 
........................................................... ............................... .............................................................  
8.2 What proportions? 
............................................................................................................................. ............... ........... 
................... .............................................................................................................................. ......  
8.3 How stable is the mixture? 
............................................................ ............................... ............................................................ 
............................................................................................................................. ..........................  
8.4 How lon g is the mixture storable? 
.................................................................................................................................. ................... 
............................................................................... ............................... .......................................  
8.5 MSDS for safe handling 
............................................................................................................................. ........................  
9 How stable is the additive itself? 
.............................................................................................................................. ......................  
10 Does the additive contain any zinc?  
.................................... ............................... ................................................................................  
11 Are there any chemicals, elements, or physical conditions that can neutralize or otherwise 
influence the effectiveness of the additive? If s o, describe in detail on a sepa rate sheet. What are the 
claimed effects of the additive? (Attach any pertinent material)  
............................................................................................................................. .......... .......................... 
.................................................................................................................................. ............................... 
11.1 What tests have been conducted to substantiate these claims? ( attach any pertinent material) 
.............................................................................................................................. .................................. 
................................................................ ............................... ................................................................. 
11.2 What were the results of these tests? (Include formal report issued) 
..................................................................................... ............................... ............................................ 
............................................................................................................................. ................................... 
11.3 Where were the se tests performed? 
........... .............................................................................................................................. ....................... 
........................................................................... ............................... ....................................................  
 
Depending on the information supplied above, the testing laboratory needs to be competent in 
conducting the appropriate tests.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
11 
  
 
Annex B 
(normative)  
Engine perfo rmance  test 
  
B.1 Tests a re conducted on a single cylinder research engine (SCRE) with new engine 
power components such as piston, rings, cylinder liner, intake and exhaust valves, and 
injector.   
B.2 The tests are  conducted in  a “baseline -preconditioning -product -baseline” manner.  The 
Preconditioning test is necessary for stabilizing engine performance with additive  
reformulated fuel. After the product test, a check -up baseline test follows to verify the test 
results.   
B.3 Engine power is measured either b y dynamometer or by an en gine-driven generator 
with load bank.   
B.4 The instruments are calibrated to an accuracy of ±2  
B.5 Engine fuel consumption is measured either by weighting scale or flow meter, and 
instruments are calibrated to ±1 % of full scale.   
B.6 Emissions analyzers  meeting specifications described in TZS 983  Exhaust emission 
standard are used for emissions measurements.  The analyzers are calibrated before  a test 
according to the procedure recommended by manufacturer.   
B.7 The test is condu cted at engine full load (250 hp). Testing at additional engine 
operating modes is recommended and optional to customers. The test is conducted under 
the following engine conditions:  
B.7.1  Engine intake air temperature shall be controlled within ±5°F betw een the baseline 
and refo rmulated fuel tests at the same engine test modes. Engine oil sump temperature 
shall be controlled within ±5°F between the baseline and reformulated fuel tests at the 
same engine test modes.  
B.7.2  Engine coolant water outlet tempe rature shall be maintaine d within ±5°F between the 
baseline and reformulated fuel tests at the same engine test modes. Engine fuel 
temperature shall be maintained at 90±10°F, measured at the fuel supply line (or fuel 
filters) before the fuel pump. Engine i ntake air pressure shall be maintained within ±0.1 psi 
between the baseline and reformulated fuel tests at the same engine test modes.  
B.7.3  The baseline test and the product test are conducted for minimum of 20 hours (at 
least three days). The  preconditi oning test is performed u ntil stable engine conditions are 
obtained. 35 hour s preconditioning  period (engine is operated at full load) is recommended;  
 
 
12 
 however, more preconditioning hours may be  required due to the nature of the product.  A 
baseline check - up test is performed to va lidate the  evaluation test results.  
B.8 During the baseline and the product test, engine performance data are taken at every 
half-hour, and emissions (smoke, gaseous, and particulate matter) and combustion 
pressure data are record ed at least once midway o r at the end of the tests. Brake -specific 
fuel consumption (BSFC) data obtained for baseline and product (after preconditioning) 
should be plotted as a function of engine operating time to show any discernible trends and 
consistenc y of the data.   
B.9 Data  Analysis  
B.9.1  The two sets of BSFC data should be statistically analyzed to determine whether 
there is a statistically significant difference in the mean values of the two sets of data. The 
difference should be evaluated at a 90  % confidence level.  
B.9.2 Engine emissions data is statistically analyzed to determine any change due to the 
product. To investigate the effects of a product on the engine combustion process, the 
apparent net heat release rates are calculated from the re corded cylinder pressure data by 
applying the first law of thermodynamics to the content of the combustion chamber. The 
combustion temperatures are  calculated from the cylinder pressure data by assuming a 
uniform temperature distribution and ideal gas with in the cylinder.  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
13 
  
 
ANNEX C  
(informative)  
General Information on Diesel Fuel Additives  
C.1 Hazard identification  
Diesel fuel additive is not classified as ‘’dangerous’’ according to Directive 2001/58/EC and 
its amendments. It is classified as ; 
Xn:  Harmful;  
R20/21: H armful by inhalation;  
R22: Harmful if swallowed;  
R44: Risk of explosion if treated under confinement;  
R65: Harmful, may cause lung damage if swallowed;  
R66: Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking;  
S2: Keep out of chil dren.  
C.2 First Aid Measu res  
C.2.1 Inhalation: S23: Do not breathe vapour. If vapours inhaled, move to fresh air. If 
breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Get immediate 
medical attention.  
C.2.2 Ingestion: S62:  If swallowed, do not ind uce vomiting unless directed to do so by 
medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If large 
quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately.  
C.2.3 Skin contact: S24: Avoid con tact with skin. Immediate ly flush with plenty of water. 
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get 
medical attention.  
C.2.4 Eye contact: In case of eye contact, immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 
15 mi nutes. Get medical attent ion if irritation occurs.  
C.3 Fire  fighting measures  
C.3.1 Extinguishing media: Use alcohol foam, water, carbon dioxide or dry chemical.   
 
 
14 
 C.3.2 Special exposure hazards: Preparation may be exothermically unstable at 
temperatures abo ve 130 degrees. Use water  to keep fire exposed containers cool. Water 
run off may be slippery.  
C.3.3 Preparation of combustion: Acrid smoke and irritating fumes; including oxides of 
carbon, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur.  
C.3.4 Protective equipme nt: Fire fighters should wear appropriate protective equipment and 
self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full face -piece operated in a positive 
pressure mode.  
C.4 Accidental release measures  
C.4.1 Personal precautions: Keep unnecessary personnel  away. Use suitable prote ctive 
equipment (see C.6). Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition.  
C.4.2 Environmental protection: Do not allow preparation to be release to the environment 
without government permission.  
C.4.3 Clean -up method s: If emergency personnel  are unavailable, contain spilled material. 
Absorb with vermiculite, dry sand, earth or similar material for disposal as waste according 
to C.10 Contain and recover all liquid when possible. Avoid dispersal of spilled material a nd 
runoff and contact wit h soil, waterways, drains and sewers.  
C.4.4 Additional information: See C.7 for information on safe handling. See C.10 for 
information on personnel protection. See C.10 for information on waste disposal.  
C.5 Handling and storage  
C.5.1 Handling: wash thoro ughly after handling. Avoid breathing vapour. Avoid contact with 
eyes, skin and clothing.  
C.5.2 Storage: Keep away from heat, sparks and flames. Store all containers in a cool, dry 
and well -ventilated area. Keep all containers tigh tly closed. Ensure good  
ventilation/exhaustion at workplace.  
C.6 Exposure controls and personal protection  
C.6.1 Respiratory protection: Use a properly fitted, air purifying or air fed respirator 
complying with an approved standard if a risk assessment ind icates that this is neces sary. 
Respirator selection must be based on known or anticipated exposure levels, the hazards 
of the preparation and safe working limits of the selected respirator.  
C.6.2 Hand protection: Chemical resistant, impervious gloves or ga untlets complying with 
an approved standard should be worn at all times when handling chemical preparations if a 
risk assessment indicates this is necessary.  
C.6.3 Eye protection: Safety eyewear complying with an approved standard if a risk 
assessment indi cates that this is necess ary to avoid exposure to liquid splashes, mists or 
dusts.   
 
 
15 
 C.6.4 Skin protection: Personal protective equipment for the body should be selected 
based on the tasks being performed and the risks involved and should be approved by a 
specialist before handling this preparation.  
C.6.5 Hygiene measures: wash hands after handling preparation, before breaks and eating, 
smoking, using lavatory and at the end of the work shift. Keep away from beverages and 
food.  
C.6.6 Occupational exposure: En sure that eyewash station s and safety showers are close 
to work areas containing larger quantities of preparation.  
Exposure limits for ingredients are as indicated in Table C.1 below;  
Table C.1 – Exposure limit for fuel additives ingredients  
Component  Weight (%)  8 hour s TWA  
Aliphatic solvent  20 - 40 1,200 mg/m3 
Ethylene glycol  9 - 13 60 mg/m3 
2 – Ethylhexyl nitrate  4 - 8 1 ppm (skin)  
Glycol ether  2 - 4 100 ppm  
1 - Butanol  0.5 – 1.5 50 ppm  
C.7 Stability and reactivity  
C.7.1 Stability: This preparation  is stable under ordinary  conditions of use and storage.  
C.7.2 Conditions to avoid: Exothermally unstable above 210 0C, risk of explosion.  
C.7.3 Thermal decomposition: When heated to decomposition, may emit acrid smoke and 
toxic gases.  
C.7.4 Materials to a void: Avoid strong oxidiz ers. 
C.8 Toxicological information  
C.8.1 Inhalation: Harmful if inhaled. Avoid breathing vapours.  
C.8.2 Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed.  
C.8.3 Skin contact: Irritating to skin, may cause an allergic skin reaction in susceptible 
individuals.  
C.8.4 Eye conta ct: Irritating to eyes.  
C.8.5 Acute toxicity: Contains from 9 – 13 % ethylene glycol and also from 4 – 8 % of 2 – 
Ethylhexyl nitrate.  
- Oral LD 50 for ethylene glycol is 4,700 mg/kg (rat)  
- Dermal LD 50 for 2- Ethylhexyl nitrate is 4,800  mg/kg (rabbit)   
 
 
16 
 - Inhalatio n LC50 for 2- Ethylhexyl nitrate is 4.6 mg/litre (1 hour)  
C.9 Ecological information  
Daphnia: 48 hour s EC50 for 2 - Ethylhexyl nitrate is over 12.6 mg/litre.  
Algae: 72 hour s EC50 for 2 - Ethylhexyl nitrate is over 12.6 mg/litre.  
Do n ot release preparation to  the environment without government permission.  
C.10 Disposal consideration  
C.10.1  Methods of disposal: The generation of waste should be avoided or minimized 
whenever is possible. Avoid dispersal of spilled material and runoff. Av oid contact with soil, 
waterways, drains and sewers. Disposal of this [preparation, solutions and any by -
preparations should at all times comply with the requirements of environmental protection 
and waste disposal legislation and any regional local authori ty requirements.  
C.10.2  Waste preparations: Collect all waste in suitable labelled containers and dispose of 
according to requirements of environmental protection and waste disposal legislation and 
any regional local authority requirements.  
C.10.3  Contamin ated packaging: Wastes, i ncluding emptied containers, are controlled 
wastes and should be disposed of in accordance to the requirements of environmental 
protection and waste disposal legislation.  
C.11 Transport information  
C.11.1  Land Transport, ADR (cross  border) regulations: Die sel fuel additive is not classified 
as dangerous under ADR regulations.  
C.11.2  Maritime Transport, IMDG regulations: Diesel fuel additive is not classified as 
dangerous under IMDG regulations.  
C.11.3  Air transport, IATA regulations : Diesel fuel additive is  not classified as dangerous 
under IATA regulations.  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
17 
  
 
Bibliography  
TZS 1247:2012 Fuel additives – Specification (1st Edition)  
RS 366:2018 Fuel additives – Specification