WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  G/STR/N/12/USA 
23 June 2008 
 (08-2947) 
Working Party on State Trading Enterprises Original:   English 
  
 
STATE TRADING 
 
New and Full Notification Pursuant to Article XVII:4(a) of the 
 
GATT 1994 and Paragraph 1 of  the Understanding on  
the Interpretation of Article XVII  
 
UNITED STATES 
  
 The following communication, dated 19 June 2008,  is being circulated at the request of the 
Delegation of the United States.   
 
_______________ 
 
  Pursuant to Article XVII:4(a) of the GATT 1994 and Paragraph 1 of the Understanding on the 
Interpretation of Article XVII, the United States ma kes the following full and new notification of its 
state trading enterprises for 2008:  
I. COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION 
1. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises 
 
 (a) Identification of state trading enterprise
 
  The US Department of Agriculture’s Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC).   (b) Description of products affected
 
 
 Commodities eligible for CCC programs are define d in the legislation or regulations for the 
specific program.  Commodities covered by CCC include:   Non-fat dry milk (0402), Butter (0405), Cheese (0406), Honey (0409), Dry beans (0713), Wheat (1001), Rye (1002), Barley (1003), Oats 
(1004), Corn (1005), Rice (1006), Sorghum (1007) , Soybeans (1201), Peanuts (1202), Flaxseed 
(1204), Sunflower seeds (1206), Sugar (1212), Cott on (5201), Mohair (5102), Wool (4102), and 
Pulses (0708).   
2. Reason and Purpose  
  (a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise
 
  The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is a government-owned and operated entity within 
the US Department of Agriculture (USDA).  CCC was created to stabilize, support, and protect farm 
income and prices.   CCC also helps maintain balanced and adequate supplies of agricultural 
commodities and aids in their orderly distribution.   
 G/STR/N/12/USA 
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   (b) Legal authority
 
  CCC was incorporated on 17 October 1933, under a Delaware charter with a capitalization of 
$3 million.  It was initially managed and operated in  close affiliation with the Reconstruction Finance 
Corporation, which funded its ope rations.  On 1 July 1939, CCC w as transferred to  USDA by the 
President’s Reorganization Plan I.  It was reinco rporated on 1 July 1948, as a federal corporation 
within USDA by the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act  (62 Stat. 1070; 15 U.S.C. 714). 
 
3. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
  (a)  Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise
 
  The CCC Charter Act, as amended, authorizes CCC to support prices of agricultural commodities, including through purchases a nd sales of agricultural commodities.   
 
 (b)  Specification of exclusive or special ri ghts or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise    
  CCC does not have exclusive right to export or import, or otherwise market, any product.   
  Organization:   CCC is managed by a Board of Director s, subject to the general supervision 
and direction of the Secretary of Agriculture, who is an ex officio  Director and Chairman of the Board.  
In addition to the Secretary, the Board consists of  seven members who are appointed by the President 
of the United States with the advice and consent of  the Senate.  The members of the Board and the 
Corporation’s officers are all officials of USDA.  CCC has no operating personnel.  Its activities are 
carried out primarily through the personne l and facilities of agencies within USDA. 
 
 Financing: CCC has an authorized capital stock of  $100 million held by the United States, 
with the authority to have outstanding borrowings of up to $30 billion at any one time.   Funds may be borrowed from the US Treasury and may also be borrowed from private lending agencies and others.  Interest on any bo rrowings from the Treasury (and on capital stock) is 
paid at a rate based upon the average interest ra te of all outstanding marketable obligations (of 
comparable maturity date) of the US Government as of the preceding month.  Interest may also be paid on other notes and obligations at  a rate prescribed by the CCC and approved by the Secretary of 
the Treasury.   
 Export Programs:   CCC is authorized to make sales from its inventories to export markets.  
However, CCC has not done so since 1995.     Import Programs:   CCC has not engaged in import activity. 
  (c) Type of entities other than the state trad ing enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and c onditions for participation  
  As noted, CCC does not have exclusive right to export or import, or otherwise market, any product.  All agricultural commodity import and expor t activities within the customs territory of the 
United States may be freely entered into by privat e sector traders without any special conditions or 
restrictions.   
  (d)   How import/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprise
 
  During the notification period, CCC did not import or export any commodities. 
  G/STR/N/12/USA 
 Page 3 
 
 
   (e) How export prices are determined  
  Not applicable (see 3 (d)).  
  (f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined
  
 
 Not applicable (see 3 (d)).  
  (g) Whether long-term contracts are negotiate d by the state trading enterprise.  Whether 
the state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government.  
  CCC is not authorized to negotiate long-term sales contracts.     (h) Description of market structure
 
 
 Agricultural commodity markets are character ized by numerous independent buyers and 
sellers.  
4. Statistical Information  
  Table I:  Import information by product:  Not applicable; no products imported.  
  Table II: Export information by product:  Not applicable; no products exported.   Table III: Domestic activities where state trading enterprise also trades products 
internationally:  Not applicable; no products traded internationally. 
 
5.  Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
 
 During the period, CCC did not engage in expor ts or imports because such activity was not 
required to achieve CCC’s mission.  
 
6. Additional Information   
 
 None.  II. ISOTOPES PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM 
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprise 
 
 (a) Identification of state trading enterprise
 
  The United States maintains the Isotope Pr oduction and Distribution Program within the 
Department of Energy.  
  (b) Description of products affected
 
  The products affected are isotopes under Harmoni zed Tariff System headings 2844 and 2845. 
 
2. Reason and Purpose  
 
 (a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  G/STR/N/12/USA 
Page 4  
 
   The Department of Energy, through its laborat ories, provides radioactive and stable isotope 
products and associated services to a wide and varied  domestic and international market.  The Isotope 
Production and Distribution (IP&D) Program produces and sells radioactive and stable isotopes, 
byproducts, surplus materials, and related isotope  services.  These products and services are sold 
worldwide and are used for a variety of resear ch, development, biomedical, and industrial 
applications.  The program’s objectives are to produce and distribute isotopes for research and 
development, medical diagnostics and therapy, and other applications that are in the national interest.   
  (b) Summary of Basis for Exclusive Rights or Privileges
 
 
 The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 provides the basi c authority for the Department of Energy to 
produce and distribute isotopes and to support research  and development of ne w isotope products and 
technology.  
3. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise 
 
 (a) Overview
 
  The IP&D Program markets, stores, and distri butes isotopes that are currently produced at 
Department of Energy laboratories.  The Departme nt supplies isotopes for use in medicine, research 
and development, and industry.  The Department of  Energy is the only US source of many important 
isotopes.  The Department of Energy is involved in isotope production and distribution only where: 
(1) there is no US private sector capability; (2) there is a need for unique gove rnment facilities such as 
nuclear reactors and associated hot cells, particle a ccelerators and isotope enrichment facilities; or (3) 
other productive capacity is insufficient to meet pr essing US needs.  The specific materials sold under 
the program are listed in Annex I.   
 
 The program also develops improved means of producing and separating isotopes that are 
needed to serve the national inte rest.  Such services include, but are not limited to, irradiation 
services, target preparation and processing, source encapsulation and other special preparations, analyses and separations, services related to shipping, and processing returned isotopes. 
 
 The program’s mission is to maintain the in frastructure required to support the national need 
for a reliable supply of isotope products, services, a nd related technology used in medicine, industry, 
and research.  This assures that critical isotope prod uction infrastructure is operated in a safe, secure, 
environmentally compliant and cost-effective manner, thus ensuring that the facilities are available to 
users who need DOE-produced isotopes. To this e nd, the Isotope Program functions as a business and, 
therefore, focuses attention on the quality of products and services, customer satisfaction, cost control, 
marketing, pricing stability, a nd revenue and cash collections.  
  The IP&D sells isotopes to government en tities, domestic purchasers, and to foreign 
purchasers.  
 The Department coordinates its activities with  commercial producers to ensure the continued 
availability of essential isotopes.  The Department is streamlining its activiti es by consolidating or 
privatizing wherever possible to reduce the cost to US taxpayers.   (b) Specification of exclusive or special righ ts or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
  See (a) above.   G/STR/N/12/USA 
 Page 5 
 
 
   (c) Type of entities other than the state trad ing enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and c onditions for participation  
  Private companies and universities engaged in the production and distribution of isotopes are permitted to import and export isotopes. 
 
 (d) How import/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprise
 
  The program forecasts future trends through fre quent interactions between isotope customers 
and program staff, site visits, attendance at professional meetings, and coordination of program 
activities with stakeholders in the isotope commun ity.  Research on market sizes, pricing pressures, 
and customer feedback is also obtained through i ndependent surveys and studies, as well as program 
management assessments.   (e) How export prices are determined
 
 
 Prices charged for the program's products are based on production costs, market value, and research needs.   (f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined
 
 
 Import prices are determined by production costs and market value. 
  (g) Whether long-term contracts are negotiate d by the state trading enterprise.  Whether 
the state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government.  
 
 Long-term contracts are negotiated often with price discounts for quantity purchases. 
  (h) Description of market structure
 
  The worldwide isotope market has three major components: medical, industry (including 
homeland security), and scientific (non-medical) re search.  This market is characterized by high 
barriers to entry, production facilities that are pr imarily government owned a nd operated, and demand 
driven by a few major commercial customers.  The number of suppliers for selected major isotopes is 
growing due to a shortage of suppliers for these ke y isotopes used in hospitals and the private sector. 
 4. Statistical Information 
 
 2007: Table I.  The State Trading Enterprise (Isotope Production and Distribution CIP&D) is 
engaged in the primary production and distribution of stable (enriched) and ra dio-isotopes, not their 
importation.  In 2007, however, several targets with a total activity of 185,000 MBq were irradiated in 
foreign facilities and imported into this country by IP&D to augment domestic supply where IP&D 
could not meet demand.  These irradiated targets we re chemically processed by IP&D with the result 
that significant value was added to the product by IP &D prior to being sold in a form required by the 
customers.   2007: Table II.  Cobalt-60 (HS 2844.40.0010) no t sold to foreign customers during this 
reporting period.  Heavy water (HS 2845.10.0000)  not exported during this reporting period. 
 
 2007: Table III:  Because IP&D is engaged in the primary production of these isotopes for 
distribution, no domestic purchases of these materials were made by IP&D during 2007. Cobalt-60 (HS 2844.10.0000) and heavy water (HS 2845.10.00 00) were not sold domestically in 2007. G/STR/N/12/USA 
Page 6  
 
  5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
 
 Not applicable.  
6. Additional Information 
 
 None.  G/STR/N/12/USA 
 Page 7 
 
 
  ANNEX 1 
List of isotopes sold  
 
Actinium-225 Aluminium-26 Americium-241, -243 
Arsenic-73 
Beryllium-7 Bismuth-207 Calcium-42, -43, -44, -46, -48 
Californium-252 
Cadmium-109, -112 Cesium-137 Chromium-50, -53 
Cobat-60 
Copper-67 Curium-244, -248 Dysprosium-163 Gadolinium-148 
Gallium-69 
Germanium-68 Helium-3 Holmium-166 
Hydrogen-2, -3 
Iodine-125, -131 Iridium-192 Iron-54, -55, -57, -58 
Krypton-78, -86 
Lead-204 Lithium-6, -7 Lutetium-176, -177 Magnesium-28 
Molybdenum-99 
Nickel-61, -62, -63 Palladium-103 Phosphorous-32 
Platinum-195m 
Plutonium-238, -239, -240, -242 Polonium-209 Rubidium-85, -87 
Samarium-152 
Selenium-75 Silicon-29, -32 Sodium-22 
Strontium-82, -84, -85, -88, -89, -90 
Technetium-95m,99 Tellurium-124 Thallium-203 Thorium-229, -230 
Titanium-44 
Tungsten-188/Rhenium-188 Uranium-234, -235, -238 Xenon-124, -126, -127, -133 
Yttrium-88, -90 
Zinc-65, -66, -68, -70 Zirconium-90, -92, -94, -96
 G/STR/N/12/USA 
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  III. POWER ADMINISTRATIONS 
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprises 
 
 (a) Identification of state trading enterprises
 
 
 The United States maintains the Bonneville Po wer Administration (Bonneville), Southeastern 
Power Administration (Southeastern), Southwestern Power Administration (Southwestern), and Western Area Power Administration (Western) within  the Department of Energy.  Southeastern and 
Southwestern had no foreign transactions in the curre nt or recent reporting periods.  Information on 
these two entities is being provided for transparency purposes.   
 
 (b) Description of product affected
 
  The product affected is Electrical Energy, Harmonized Tariff System Number 2716.  2. Reason and Purpose  
 
 (a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprises
 
  The Power Marketing Administrations (PMAs) market wholesale electricity generated at hydroelectric dams owned and managed by the Unite d States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and 
the United States Bureau of Reclamation (Reclam ation).  Bonneville also markets electricity 
generated by a nuclear plant owne d and operated by Energy Northw est, and by a non-federally owned 
and operated hydro project.  Western also mark ets about 400 MW of capacity generated by the 
Navajo coal-fired plant in Arizona.  The federa l government began to market electricity after 
Congress authorized the construction of the dams and established major water projects by the Corps 
and Reclamation, primarily in the 1930s through th e 1960s.  The Corps and Reclamation operate these 
projects to provide or manage water for such multip le purposes as irrigation, flood control, navigation, 
recreation, water supply, and envir onmental enhancement.  These agenci es also generate electricity at 
hydropower plants located at federal water projects.   The PMAs sell the power that is not used for 
projects’ purposes to cooperatives and public bodies, such as municipal utilities, irrigation districts, military installations, and to other utilities, and any power surplus to those needs to other power 
purchasing entities. 
  The self-financed Bonneville is obligated to  meet requesting electric public utility, non-
generating, electric loads in its Pacific Northwest  marketing area; encourage conservation, develop 
renewable energy resources; and to protect, mitigate and enhance the fish and wildlife of the 
Columbia River and its tributaries.  Bonneville se lls at wholesale the electric power produced at 31 
operating federal hydroelectric pr ojects owned and operated by the Corps and Reclamation, and the 
electric power produced by the non-federally owned and operated nuclear and hydro plants previously 
mentioned.  Bonneville acquires and sells non-Fe deral electric power and conservation resources 
sufficient to meet the net, non-generating, requireme nts of Bonneville public customers.  Bonneville’s 
Administrator and the Corps’ Division Engineer, Northwestern Division, are directed by Executive 
Order to be the US Entity overseeing the execution of the 1961 Columbia River Treaty between the 
US and Canada.   (b) Legal authority
 
 
 The Department of Energy is responsible for the regionally based PMAs, which operate 
pursuant to their enabling legislation, including the Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977.     The Bonneville Project Act of 1937 (“Project  Act”) established the Bonneville Power 
Administration within the Department of the Interi or (later incorporated into the Department of  G/STR/N/12/USA 
 Page 9 
 
 
  Energy).  The Bonneville Project Act, the Federa l Columbia River Transmission System Act of 1974, 
the Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act of 1980, and other federal laws, 
contain provisions that define Bonneville’s miss ion and/or affect the way it is carried out.   
  The missions of the Southeastern Power Administration and the Southwestern Power 
Administration are set forth in section 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1944. 
  The authority for Western Area Power Admini stration’s operations derives from the federal 
reclamations laws, in particular section 9(c) of th e Reclamation Project Act of 1939, and consistent 
with section 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1944.  
 
3. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprises 
 
 (a) Overview
 
 
 The PMAs sell electric power generated by hydroelectric projects (and others as noted) 
owned and operated by Reclamation or the Corps,  who also provide or manage water for such 
multiple purposes as irrigation, flood control, navi gation, recreation, municipal water supply, and 
environmental enhancement.   (b) Specification of exclusive or special righ ts or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprises  
  The PMAs, except the self-financed Bonnev ille, are funded primarily by annual 
appropriations to the Department of Energy, and most of the non-Bonneville  PMA revenue generated 
is deposited in the Miscellaneous Receipts account a nd the Reclamation Fund in the US Treasury.  
The PMAs are exempt from Federal income taxation and from state and local taxation. 
  To finance its capital programs, Bonneville is  authorized by the Federal Columbia River 
Transmission System Act of 1974, as amended, to issue to the US Treasury up to $4.45 billion of 
interest-bearing bonds with terms and repaymen t conditions comparable to debt issued by 
US government corporations.  Bonneville is statutorily treated (16 USC 838i (c)) as a wholly-owned 
US Government corporation under provisions of  the Government Corporation Control Act 
(31 USC 9106) for purposes of its  financial and budget operations. 
  (c) Type of entities other than the state trad ing enterprises that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and c onditions for participation  
 
 More than 3,000 private investor-owned, lo cal government-owned, and cooperatively-owned 
utilities engaged in the generation, transmission and di stribution of electricity are permitted to import 
and export electricity.   (d) How import/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprises
 
 
 The PMAs may import and export electricity as authorized by each PMA’s legislative authority and by its management.  Southeastern and Southwestern do not import or export power to other countries.  Western imports and exports onl y non-firm power.  A portion of the firm power 
output generated at federal a nd nonfederal mid-Columbia River projects is owned by Canada 
(“Canadian Entitlement”) under the terms of the Colu mbia River Treaty, and Bonneville delivers that 
power to Canada primarily at the US/Canada borde r and is obligated to do so through at least 
September 16, 2024.  Additionally, from time to ti me, Bonneville may export short-term non-firm or 
firm energy or capacity.  G/STR/N/12/USA 
Page 10  
 
   The PMAs are not required to obtain export au thorizations.  Import and export levels are 
determined by supply and demand.   (e) How export prices are determined
 
 
 Western and Bonneville export surplus power at market-based rates.   
  (f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined
 
  The cost Bonneville and Western incur to pur chase imported power is incorporated into the 
power-related production costs for these agencies.  The resale price of all firm power sales is made at 
cost-based firm power rates.  The price of non-firm pow er sales is set at market rates.  This market 
price can vary significantly, depending on market  conditions.  Any excess revenue derived from the 
sale of surplus power is used to reduce future fi rm power rates, insuring that the agencies do not 
recover more than their full power-related costs. 
 
 (g) Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprises.  Whether 
the state trading enterprises ar e used to fulfill contractual obligations entered into by 
the government.  
  Bonneville, Southeastern, Southwestern, and W estern sign long-term contracts for the sale of 
federally-generated power within the United States.  Western does not sign long-term contracts for the 
exportation or importation of non-firm power.  The Columbia River Treaty provides for the delivery of the Canadian share of the Treaty downstream power benefits to the Canadian border through at 
least September 16, 2024, of approximately 4.3 Terawatt hours annually.  
 (h) Description of market structure
 
  The structure for the electricity market is co mpetitive.  Private investor-owned utilities, both 
US and foreign-owned, government instrumentaliti es and government-owned providers of electricity, 
are engaged in the generation, transmission and dist ribution of electricity in the US.  The regional 
electric grids are interconnected with Canada and Mexico.  There is no tariff on electricity. 
 
4. Statistical Information 
 
 See attached tables.  5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place 
 
 Not applicable.  
6. Other information   
  None. 
 
IV. STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE 
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprise 
  (a) Identification of state trading enterprise
 
  The United States maintains the Strategic Pe troleum Reserve within the Department of 
Energy.   G/STR/N/12/USA 
 Page 11 
 
 
   (b) Description of product affected  
  The product affected is Crude Petroleum, Harmonized Tariff System Number 2709.  
2. Reason and Purpose  
 
 (a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise
 
  The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is a cr ude oil stockpile, managed by the Department 
of Energy (DOE).  The SPR mission is to reduce vulnerability to economic, national security, and 
foreign policy consequences of supply interruptions.  
  (b) Legal authority
 
  The SPR was created pursuant to the Energy  Policy and Conservation Act of December 
22, 1975 (Public Law 94-163), as amended, to redu ce the impact of disruptions in supplies of 
petroleum products and to carry out obligations  of the United States under the Agreement on an 
International Energy Program.  
3. Description and Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise 
  (a) Overview
 
  The United States, through the Strategic Petrol eum Reserve of the Department of Energy, 
owns and operates four underground storage facilitie s for crude oil with a combined storage capacity 
of 727 million barrels.  SPR acquires both domest ic and imported crude oil through purchase and 
exchange, and as well as production and royalties from Federal lands.  In recent years, oil has been 
obtained primarily through the competitive exchange of Federal offshore royalty oil for domestic or 
imported oil to be delivered to the SPR.   During an emergency “drawdown” of crude oil from the reserve, the Department of Energy is 
to competitively sell and distribute the crude oil to  purchasers primarily through commercial pipelines 
and marine terminals. 
  As of December 31, 2007, the SPR  held about 696.9 million barrels  of crude oil.  Together, 
the facilities and crude oil represent more than a $20 billion national investment.  
 (b) Specification of exclusive or special righ ts or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
  The Department of Energy, Strategic Petroleum Reserve, is an agency of the United States Government funded by annual appropriations for th e Strategic Petroleum Reserve Account and the 
SPR Petroleum Account.  During an emergency draw down and sale of crude oil, the SPR Petroleum 
Account is the source of funding the incremental costs of withdrawing oil from the storage caverns 
and transporting it to the point where purchasers take title.  If additional funds are required for drawdown, they may be transferred from the St rategic Petroleum Reserve Account or other 
Department of Energy offices.  The Federal Gove rnment deposits to the account an amount equal to 
receipts realized from sales resulting from an emerge ncy drawdown to create additional funding to fill 
the SPR.   
  G/STR/N/12/USA 
Page 12  
 
   (c) Type of entities other than the state trad ing enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and c onditions for participation  
   Private companies engaged in the exploration, production, refining, storage and distribution of crude oil are permitted to import and export crude oil. 
 
 (d) How import/export levels are established for state trading enterprise
 
  Oil is imported in accordance with Reserve fill plans as determined by legislative or 
administration direction.  
 
 (e) How export prices are determined
 
  The Department of Energy Strategic Pe troleum Reserve does not export crude oil. 
 
 (f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined
 
  Imported and domestic crude oil is commingled  in the underground storage facilities.  The 
price of SPR crude oil sold is determined thro ugh competition open to all financially responsible 
offerors.  
 (g) Whether long-term contracts are negotiate d by the state trading enterprise.  Whether 
the state trading enterprise is used to fulfill contractual obligations entered into by the 
government.  
  The Department of Energy Strategic Petr oleum Reserve has competitively negotiated six-
month term royalty exchange contracts to fill the Reserve. 
  (h) Description of market structure
 
  The structure of the crude oil market is inte rnational and competitive.  Vertically-integrated 
oil companies and independent companies, both US and foreign-owned, are engaged in the 
exploration, production, refining, storage and distribu tion of crude oil in the US.  The tariffs on crude 
oil are 5.25 cents per barrel for crude oil testing l ess than 25 degrees API and 10.5 cents per barrel for 
crude oil testing 25 degrees API or more.   
4. Statistical Information 
 
 See attached tables.  
5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place 
 
 Not applicable. 
 
6. Additional Information 
 
 None.  
   G/STR/N/12/USA
 Page 13 
TABLE I 
 
STATE TRADING:  Isotopes Production and Distribution 
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2007  
 
Description of Product 
Including HS Number Total Quantity 
Imported Quantity Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise Average Import 
Price Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price Mark-up National Production 
Element, Isotope & Compound 
with Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010 Unknown 0 $0  Unknown Not Applicable Unknown 
Radioactive Element, Isotope 
& Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020 Unknown 185000 MBq $0.14/MBq Unknown Not Applicable Unknown 
Heavy Water (deuterium 
oxide) - HS 2845.10.0000 Unknown 0 $0  Unknown Not Applicable Unknown 
Isotopes, except heading 2844; 
compound inorganic/organic, 
nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000 Unknown 0 $0  Unknown Not Applicable Unknown 
 
  
  G/STR/N/12/USA 
Page 14  
 
TABLE II 
 
STATE TRADING:  Isotopes Production and Distribution 
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2007  
 
Description of Product 
Including HS Number Total Quantity 
Exported Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise Average 
Procurement 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price Average Export 
Price National Production 
Element, Isotope & 
Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010 Unknown 0 $0  Unknown $0  Unknown 
Radioactive Element, 
Isotope & Compound, nesoi 
- 
HS 2844.40.0020 Unknown 807299 $147,396  Unknown $0.18/MBq Unknown 
Heavy Water (deuterium 
oxide) - HS 2845.10.0000 Unknown 0 $0  Unknown $0  Unknown 
Isotopes, except heading 
2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000 Unknown 0.03 $0  Unknown $9,407/kg Unknown 
 
  
   G/STR/N/12/USA
 Page 15 
 
TABLE III 
 
STATE TRADING:  Isotopes Production and Distribution 
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2007  
 
Description of Product Including 
HS Number Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading Enterprises National Production Domestic Sales By State Trading 
Enterprise National Consumption 
Element, Isotope & Compound 
with Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010 $0  Unknown $0  Unknown 
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020 $0  Unknown 4,097,186 MBq 
($2.27/MBq) Unknown 
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) 
- HS 2845.10.0000 $0  Unknown $0  Unknown 
Isotopes, except heading 2844; 
compound inorganic/organic, 
nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000 $0  Unknown 6.047 kg 
$588,771/kg Unknown 
 
   
  G/STR/N/12/USA 
Page 16 
                                                      
1 Energy Information Administration, “Monthly Energy Review”,  Table 7.1 (Electricity Overview) 
2 Energy Information Administration, “Monthly Energy Review,  Table 9.9 (Average Retail Prices of Electricity) 
3 Energy Information Administration, “Electric Power Monthly”, Table ES1.B (Total Electric Power Industry Summary Statistics) TABLE I 
 
STATE TRADING:  Power Marketing Administration 
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2007  
 
 Description of 
Product 
Including HS 
Number Total Quantity 
Imported1 Quantity Imported by State 
Trading Enterprise Average Import 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price2 Mark-up National Production3
Southeastern Electrical Energy 
- HS 2716 51 billion KWH 0 N/A 9.14 cents/KWH N/A 4,160 billion KWH 
Southwestern Electrical Energy 
- HS 2716 51 billion KWH 0 N/A 9.14 cents/KWH N/A 4,160 billion KWH 
Western Electrical Energy 
- HS 2716 51 billion KWH 0.22 billion KWH $0.058/KWH 9.14 cents/KWH N/A 4,160 billion KWH 
Bonneville Electrical Energy 
- HS 2716 51 billion KWH Op Agrmnts: .24 billion KWH  
Energy: .07 billion KWH Op Agrmnts: n/a.  
Energy: $.040/KWH 9.14 cents/KWH N/A 4,160 billion KWH  
   G/STR/N/12/USA
 Page 17 
 
TABLE II 
 
STATE TRADING:  Power Marketing Administration  
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2007  
 
 Description of 
Product 
Including HS 
Number Total Quantity 
Exported1 Quantity Exported by State 
Trading Enterprise Average Procurement 
Price Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price2 Average Export 
Price National Production3 
Southeastern Electrical Energy 
- HS 2716 20 billion KWH 0 N/A 9.14 cents/KWH N/A 4,160 billion KWH 
Southwestern Electrical Energy 
- HS 2716 20 billion KWH 0 N/A 9.14 cents/KWH N/A 4,160 billion KWH 
Western Electrical Energy 
- HS 2716 20 billion KWH 118.5 million KWH N/A 9.14 cents/KWH $0.0474 / KWH 4,160 billion KWH 
Bonneville Electrical Energy 
- HS 2716 20 billion KWH Op Agrmnts: 5.05 billion 
KWH.  Energy: 0.3 billion 
KWH N/A 9.14 cents/KWH Op Agrmnts: n/a  
Energy: 
$0.0285 / KWH 4,160 billion KWH 
 
 
                                                      
1 Energy Information Administration, “Monthly Energy Review”,  Table 7.1 (Electricity Overview) 
2 Energy Information Administration, “Monthly Energy Review,  Table 9.9 (Average Retail Prices of Electricity) 
3 Energy Information Administration, “Electric Power Monthly”, Table ES1.B (Total Electric Power Industry Summary Statistics)  
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TABLE III 
 
STATE TRADING:  Power Marketing Administration 
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2007  
 
 Description of Product 
Including HS Number Domestic Purchases By State 
Trading Enterprises National Production1 Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise National Consumption2 
Southeastern Electrical Energy - HS 2716 1.1 billion KWH 4,160 billion KWH 5.0 billion KWH 3,892 billion KWH 
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716 115.5 milli on KWH 4,160 billion KWH 5.6 billion KWH 3,892 billion KWH 
Western Electrical Energy - HS 2716 10,482 million KWH 4,160 billion KWH 35.2 billion KWH 3,892 billion KWH 
Bonneville Electrical Energy - HS 2716 6,088 million KWH 4,160 billion KWH 83.047 billion KWH 3,892 billion KWH 
 
 
 
                                                      
1 Energy Information Administration, “Electric Power Monthly”, Table ES1.B (Total Electric Power Industry Summary Statistics) 
2 Energy Information Administration, “Monthly Energy Review”,  Table 7.1 (Electricity Overview)  
   G/STR/N/12/USA
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TABLE I 
 
STATE TRADING:  Strategic Petroleum Reserve 
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2007  
 
Description of 
Product Including HS 
Number Total Quantity 
Imported Quantity Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise Average Import PriceAverage Representative 
Domestic Sales Price Mark-up**** National Production  
Crude Oil - HS 27093,656,170 (1,000 
Barrels)*  6,669 (1,000 Barrels) $71.10** $66.52 
 (Per Barrel)*** N/A  1,862,441 (1,000 
Barrels)***** 
 
 * Source:   http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_d_nus_Z00_mbbl_a.htm   
 ** Average import price:  Total cost of imports by the STE (c.i.f. basis) divided by the total quantity imported by the STE 
 *** Source:  EIA Monthly Energy Review March 2008, Table 9.1: Crude Oil Price Summary  **** Members may report either under column 4 and 5 or under column 6 
 ***** Source:   http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_crdsnd_adc_mbbl_a.htm
  
 
   
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TABLE II 
 
STATE TRADING:  Strategic Petroleum Reserve 
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2007  
 
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number Total Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise** Average Procurement 
Price*** Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price National Production  
Crude Oil - HS 
2709 10,006 (1,000 
Barrels)* 0 N/A $66.52 
 (Per Barrel)**** N/A 1,862,441 (1,000 
Barrels)***** 
 
 * Source:   http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_snd_d_nus_mbbl_a_cur.htm  
 ** In cases where no exports have taken place under the column “Quantity Exported by State Trading Enterprise”, an explanation  is provided under Section V, 
paragraph 5 of this questionnaire. 
 *** Average export price:  Average sales price of exports (f.o.b. basis) by the stat e trading enterprise (total value by total  quantity) 
 **** Source:  EIA Monthly Energy Review March 2008, Table 9.1: Crude Oil Price Summary  ***** Source:   http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_crdsnd_adc_mbbl_a.htm
  
  
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TABLE III 
 
STATE TRADING:  Strategic Petroleum Reserve 
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2007  
 
Description of Product 
Including HS Number Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading Enterprises National Production  Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption 
Crude Oil - HS 2709 1,676 (1,000 Barrels) 1,862,441 (1,000 Barrels)* 0 20,698 
(1,000 Barrels/Day 
Average)** 
 
 * Source:   http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_crdsnd_adc_mbbl_a.htm   
 ** Source:   http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_psup_dc_nus_mbblpd_a.htm   
 
 
 
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