APPENDIX TABLES United States WT/TPR/S/235 
 Page 127 
 
 
 Table AI.1 
Balance of payments, 2004-10  
(US$ billion) 
 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010a 
Current account balance -630.5 -747.6 -802.6 -718.1 -668.9 -378.4 -109.0 
Exports of goods and services 1,158.6 1,281.2 1,452.8 1,648.7 1,839.0 1,570.8 438.6 
    Goods 819.9 909.0 1,035.9 1,160.4 1,304.9 1,068.5 305.7 
    Services 338.7 372.2 416.9 488.3 534.1 502.3 132.9 
Imports of goods and services -1,767.9 -1,995.4 -2,212.0 -2,350.8 -2,537.8 -1,945.7 -553.8 
    Goods -1,485.5 -1,692.8 -1,875.3 -1,983.6 -2,139.5 -1,575.4 -456.9 
    Services -282.4 -302.5 -336.7 -367.2 -398.3 -370.3 -96.9 
Income, net 67.2 72.4 48.1 99.6 152.0 121.4 41.7 
Unilateral current transfers, net -88.4 -105.8 -91.5 -115.5 -122.0 -124.9 -35.5 
Capital account tr ansactions, net 3.0 13.1 -1.8 0.4 6.0 -0.1 0.0 
Financial account        
U.S.-owned assets abroad -1,000.9 -546.6 -1,285.7 -1,475.7 156.1 -140.5 -300.8 
Foreign-owned assets in the United Stat es 1,533.2 1,247.3 2,065.2 2,107.7 454.7 305.7 332.1 
Financial derivatives, net .. .. 29.7 6.2 -32.9 50.8 .. 
Statistical discrepancy 95.1 33.8 -4.7 79.6 85.0 162.5 77.7 
Memoranda:        
Balance on goods -665.6 -783.8 -839.5 -823.2 -834.7 -506.9 -151.3 
Balance on services 56.3 69.6 80.2 121.1 135.9 132.0 36.0 
Balance on goods and services -609.3 -714.2 -759.2 -702.1 -698.8 -374.9 -115.3 
Balance on current account (as % of GDP) -5.3 -5.9 -6.0 -5.1 -4.6 -2.7 .. 
 
.. Not available.  
a Seasonally adjusted. 
 
Source: WTO Secretariat, based on Bureau of Economic Analysis online information [http://www.bea.gov]. WT/TPR/S/235 Trade Policy Review 
Page 128 
 
 
 Table AI.2 
Merchandise exports and re-expor ts by group of products, 2003-09  
(US$ million and %) 
Description 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 
  (US$ million) 
Total 723,609 817,906 904,339 1,037,029 1,162,538 1,299,899 1,056,712 
  (% of total) 
Total primary products 14.4 14.3 14.7 15.8 17.0 20.5 19.7 
   Agriculture 10.5 9.7 9.1 8.9 9.8 10.8 11.3 
      Food 8.1 7.3 6.8 6.7 7.5 8.7 9.2 
         2222 Soya beans 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.6 
         0449 Other maize, un milled 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.8 
         0412 Other wheat (including spelt) 
         and meslin, unmilled 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.5 
      Agricultural raw material 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 
         2631 Cotton (other than linters), not 
         carded or combed 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 
   Mining 3.9 4.6 5.6 6.8 7.2 9.7 8.3 
      Ores and other minerals 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.1 
         2823 Other ferrous waste and scrap 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 
      Non-ferrous metals 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 
         6842 Aluminium and aluminium 
         alloys, worked 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 
      Fuels 1.9 2.3 2.9 3.4 3.6 5.9 5.2 
         3212 Other coal, whether or 
         pulverized, not agglomerated 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 
         3432 Natural gas, in the gaseous 
         state 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 
               
Manufactures 81.1 81.4 81.0 79.9 78.2 74.9 68.6 
   Iron and steel 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 
   Chemicals 12.7 13.5 13.3 13.1 13.3 13.8 15.1 
         5429 Medicaments, n.e.s. 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.9 
         5416 Glycosides; glands, etc; 
        antisera/vaccines, etc. 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.4 
         5989 Chemical products and 
         preparations, n.e.s. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 
   Other semi-manufactures 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.7 
         6672 Diamonds (excl. industrial, 
         sorted) not mounted 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 
   Machinery and transport equipment 48.6 48.1 48.0 47.7 46.2 42.8 34.7 
      Power generating machines 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 1.9 
         7149 Parts of engines and motors of 
        714.41 and 714.8 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 0.6 
         7144 Reaction engi nes 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 
      Other non-electrical machinery 8.5 9.1 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.3 8.9 
         7239 Parts n.e.s., of  machinery of 
        723 and 744.3 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 
      Office machines & telecommunication 
      equipment 15.6 14.8 13.9 13.2 11.6 10.6 10.7 
         7764 Electronic integrated circuits 
        and micro assemblies 5.6 5.1 4.5 4.4 3.4 3.1 2.8 
         7599 Parts and accessories of 751.1, 
        751.2, 751.9 and 752 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.2 
         7649 Parts and accessories for 
         apparatus of division 76 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.9 
      Other electrical machines 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.5 4.1 4.3 
         7725 Switches, relays, etc. for a 
         voltage not exc. 1000 V 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 
         7731 Insulated wire, cable etc; 
        optical fibre cables 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 
      Automotive products 9.6 9.3 9.5 9.2 9.4 8.6 6.9 
Table AI.2 (cont'd) United States WT/TPR/S/235 
 Page 129 
 
 
 Description 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 
         7812 Motor vehicles for the transport 
         of persons, n.e.s. 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.9 2.6 
         7843 Other motor vehicle parts of 
        722, 781 to 783 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.4 2.2 
         7821 Goods vehicles 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 
      Other transport equipment 7.0 6.7 7.2 8.1 8.2 7.1 0.4 
         7924 Aeroplanes, etc. (excl. 
         helicopters), >15,000 kg unladen 3.0 2.5 2.8 3.5 3.7 3.0 2.1 
         7929 Parts (excl. tyres, engines, 
        electrical parts) of 792 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8 0.5 
        7139 Parts for piston engines of 
        713.2, 713.3, 713.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 
   Textiles 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.2 1. 1 1.0 0.9 
   Clothing 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 
   Other consumer goods 10.6 10.7 10.6 10.3 10.2 9.6 10.5 
         8722 Instruments. used in medical, 
         surgical sciences 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 
        
Other 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.8 4.6 11.7 
     9310 Special transactions and 
    commodities not classified by type 4.8 4.9 3.3 3.1 7.2 8.5 15.2 
   Gold 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.5 1.3 
 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/235 Trade Policy Review 
Page 130 
 
 
 Table AI.3 
Merchandise imports by groups of products, 2003-09 
(US$ million and %) 
Description 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 
  (US$ million) 
Total 1,305,092 1,525,269 1,732,321 1,918,997 2,017,121 2,164,834 1,601,896 
  (% of total) 
Total primary products 20.1 22.0 24.9 26.2 26.7 31.1 25.7 
   Agriculture 5.9 5.8 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 6.3 
      Food 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 5.4 
         1124 Spirits 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 
         1121 Wine of fresh grapes (including 
         fortified wine) 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 
         0361 Crustaceans, fr ozen 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 
      Agricultural raw material 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 
   Mining 14.2 16.2 19.4 20.7 21.3 25.8 19.4 
      Ores and other minerals 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 
      Non-ferrous metals 1.3 1.6 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.5 
         6841 Aluminium and aluminium 
        alloys, unwrought 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 
         6812 Pla tinum unwrought, unworked 
         or semi-manuf. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 
      Fuels 12.5 14.2 17.2 18.0 18.5 23.2 17.4 
         3330 Crude oils of petroleum and 
         bituminous minerals 8.2 9.4 11.0 12.2 12.5 16.8 12.5 
         3432 Natural gas, in the gaseous 
         state 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.8 
        
Manufactures 75.9 74.3 71.5 70.4 69.9 65.4 70.0 
   Iron and steel 1.1 1.8 1.8 2.1 1.9 2.3 1.4 
         6791 Tubes, pipes, hollow profiles, 
         seamless, iron/steel 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 
   Chemicals 8.0 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.9 8.4 9.6 
         5429 Medicaments, n.e.s. 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 2.3 
         5157 Other heterocyclic compounds; 
         nucleic acids 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.3 
         5226 Other inorganic bases, oxides, 
         hydroxides 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 
   Other semi-manufactures 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.4 5.8 5.8 
         6672 Diamonds (excl. industrial, 
         sorted) not mounted 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 
         6991 Locksmiths´ wares, and 
        hardware of base metal 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 
         6251 Tyres, pneumatic, new, for cars 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 
   Machinery and transport equipment 40.9 39.9 38.3 37.7 37.4 34.0 36.2 
      Power generating machines 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 
         7149 Parts of engines and motors of 
        714.41 and 714.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 
      Other non-electrical machinery 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.1 
         7284 Machinery, appliances for 
         particular industries 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 
      Office machines & telecommunication 
     equipment 13.8 14.0 13.5 13.2 13.0 12.0 14.7 
         7643 Radio or television trans- 
         mission apparatus 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.3 
         7611 Colour television receivers 0.9 1.1 1. 2 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 
         7522 Digital automatic data 
         processing machines 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.8 
      Other electrical machines 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.2 
         7731 Insulated wire, cable etc; 
         optical fibre cables 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 
         7712 Other electric power 
         machinery; parts of 771 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 
Table AI.3 (cont'd) United States WT/TPR/S/235 
 Page 131 
 
 
 Description 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 
      Automotive products 13.9 12.9 11.9 11.5 10.9 9.2 8.3 
         7812 Motor vehicles for the transport 
        of persons 8.9 8.1 7.2 7.1 6.7 5.9 5.1 
         7843 Other motor vehicle parts of 
         722, 781 to 783 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.9 
         7821 Goods vehicles 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 
      Other transport equipment 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 
   Textiles 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1. 2 1.1 1.2 
         6584 Bed linen, table linen, toilet 
        and kitchen linen 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
   Clothing 5.5 5.0 4.6 4.3 4.2 3.8 4.5 
         8453 Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, 
         etc, knitted 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 
         8426 Trousers, breeches, etc, 
        women's, not knitted 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 
   Other consumer goods 12.1 11.6 11.1 10.7 10.9 10.0 11.3 
         8211 Seats (excl. of 872.4), and parts 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 
         8943 Articles for funfair, table or 
         parlour games 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 
        
Other 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 4.3 
   Gold 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 
 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/235 Trade Policy Review 
Page 132 
 
 
 Table AI.4 
Merchandise exports and re-exports by trading partner, 2003-09  
(US$ million and %) 
Description 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 
  (US$ million) 
Total 723,609 817,906 904,339 1,037,029 1,162,538 1,299,899 1,056,712 
  (% of total) 
  America 44.0 44.1 44.6 43.7 42.3 42.3 41.9 
    Other America 44.0 44.1 44.6 43.7 42.3 42.3 41.9 
      Canada 23.4 23.1 23.4 22.2 21.4 20.1 19.4 
      Mexico 13.5 13.5 13.3 12.9 11.7 11.7 12.2 
      Brazil 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.5 
      Venezuela 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 
      Chile 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 
      Colombia 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 
      Argentina 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 
        
  Europe 23.3 23.1 22.7 23.0 23.8 24.2 23.7 
    EU(27) 21.4 21.2 20.7 20.8 21.4 21.4 21.1 
      Germany 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.3 
      United Kingdom 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.1 
      Netherlands 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.1 
      France 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.6 
      Belgium 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0 
    EFTA 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.9 
      Switzerland 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 
    Other Europe 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 
      Turkey 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 
        
  Commonwealth of Independent St ates 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.8 
      Russian Federation 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 
        
  Africa 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.3 
      South Africa 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 
      Egypt 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 
        
  Middle East 2.7 2.9 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.2 
      United Arab Emirates 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 
      Israel 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 
      Saudi Arabia 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 
        
  Asia 28.0 27.7 26.8 27.0 26.9 25.8 27.0 
    China 3.9 4.2 4.6 5.3 5.6 5.5 6.6 
    Japan 7.2 6.7 6.1 5.8 5.4 5.1 4.8 
    Six East Asian Traders 12.2 12.3 11.5 11.4 11.0 10.2 10.2 
      Korea, Rep. of 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.7 
      Singapore 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 
      Chinese Taipei 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.3 1.9 2.0 
      Hong Kong, China 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 
      Malaysia 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 
      Thailand 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 
    Other Asia 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.4 
      Australia 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 
      India 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.6 
        
  Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
 
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). United States WT/TPR/S/235 
 Page 133 
 
 
 Table AI.5 
Merchandise imports by trading partner, 2003-09 
(US$ million and %) 
Description 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 
  (US$ million) 
Total 1,305,092 1,525,269 1,732,321 1,918,997 2,017,121 2,164,834 1,601,896 
  (% of total) 
  America 34.6 34.3 34.3 33.8 33.3 33.5 32.4 
    Other America 34.6 34.3 34.3 33.8 33.3 33.5 32.4 
      Canada 17.4 17.0 16.8 16.0 15.7 15.7 14.2 
      Mexico 10.7 10.3 10.0 10.4 10.6 10.1 11.1 
      Venezuela 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.4 1.8 
      Brazil 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 
      Colombia 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7
      Ecuador 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4
      Trinidad and Tobago 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4
      Chile 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4
         
  Europe 21.7 20.8 20.0 19.3 19.5 18.9 19.6 
    EU(27) 20.0 19.2 18.5 17.8 18.0 17.4 17.9 
      Germany 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.5 
      United Kingdom 3.4 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.0 
      France 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 
      Italy 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 
      Ireland 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 
    EFTA 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 
      Switzerland 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 
    Other Europe 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 
      Turkey 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 
         
  Commonwealth of Independent St ates 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.5 
      Russian Federation 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 
         
  Africa 2.6 3.2 3.9 4.4 4.7 5.4 4.0 
      Nigeria 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.2 
      Algeria 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 
      Angola 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.6 
         
  Middle East 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.0 5.3 3.8 
      Saudi Arabia 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.6 1.5 
      Iraq 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.2 
      Israel 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.6 
         
  Asia 37.0 37.2 36.8 37.3 37.2 35.2 38.7 
    China 12.5 13.8 15.0 15.9 16.9 16.5 19.3 
    Japan 9.3 8.7 8.2 7.9 7.4 6.6 6.1 
    Six East Asian Traders 10.6 10.3 9.4 9.1 8.6 7.7 8.3 
      Korea, Rep. of 2.9 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.5 
      Chinese Taipei 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.8 
      Malaysia 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.5 
      Thailand 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 
      Singapore 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.0 
      Hong Kong, China 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 
    Other Asia 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.9 
      India 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 
      Indonesia 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 
         
  Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
 
Source:  UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.3). WT/TPR/S/235 Trade Policy Review 
Page 134 
 
 
 Table AI.6 
Cross-border imports of services, 2004-08 
(US$ million) 
 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 
Total 258,147 279,486 313,919 338,211 364,366 
Travel 65,750 68,970 72,104 76,354 79,743 
Passenger fares 24,718 26,149 27,501 28,437 32,597 
Other transportation 54,161 61,937 65,318 67,100 72,143 
Freight 39,225 43,920 45,742 45,576 45,248 
Port services 14,936 18,017 19,576 21,524 26,895 
Royalties and licence fees  23,266 24,612 23, 518 24,656 26,616 
Industrial processes .. .. 16,535 17,753 18,698 
Othera .. .. 6,983 6,903 7,918 
Other private services 90,252 97,818 125,478 141,664 153,267 
Education 3,542 3,992 4,467 4,760 5,204 
Financial services 11,156 12,126 14,733 19,750 19,143 
Insurance services 29,090 28,710 37,023 41,666 42,939 
Telecommunications 4,601 4,519 6,342 7,045 7,193 
Business, professional, and techni cal services 40,922 46,924 60,776 66,266 76,284 
Computer services 8,639 10,596 13,434 14,806 16,139 
Computer and data information services .. .. 12,847 14,052 15,214 
Data base and other information services .. .. 587 754 925 
Management and consulting se rvices 12,076 14, 905 18,562 18,810 21,565 
Research and development and tes ting services 5,778 7,239 9,276 11,739 14,885 
Operational leasing 1,142 1,316 1,027 1,004 958 
Other business, professional, and tec hnical services 13,287 12,867 18,476 19,908 22,736 
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services .. .. 1,516 1,764 2,269 
Advertising .. .. 1,892 2,140 2,194 
Architectural, engineering, and other technical services .. .. 861 1,035 1,086 
Construction .. .. 534 585 827 
Industrial engineering .. .. 1,343 1,739 1,603 
Installation, maintenance, and repair of equipment .. .. 3,660 4,118 4,945 
Legal services .. .. 1,223 1,489 1,902 
Medical services  421 510 585 660 757 
Mining .. .. 684 670 728 
Sports and performing arts .. .. 186 270 313 
Trade-related servicesb .. .. 957 1,108 1,047 
Training services .. .. 815 784 779 
Other  .. .. 4,220 3,545 4,287 
Other services 943 1,547 2,135 2,177 2,505 
Film and television tape rentals 424 965 1,520 1,552 1,878 
Other 519 582 614 626 627 
 
.. Not available. 
 
a Other royalties and licence fees consist of rights to books, reco rds, and tapes;  broadcasting and recording of live events; 
 franchise fees;  trade marks; computer use general software; and other intangibles. 
b Trade-related services consist of aucti on services, Internet or online sales servi ces, and services provi ded by independent s ales 
 agents.  
Source:  WTO Secretariat, based on Bureau of Economic Analysis online information [http://www.bea.gov]. United States WT/TPR/S/235 
 Page 135 
 
 
 Table AI.7 
Cross-border exports of services, 2004-08 
(US$ million) 
 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 
Total 336,332 368,496 410,805 478,136 525,786 
Travel 74,546 81,799 85,789 97,050 110,090 
Passenger fares 18,851 20,970 22,036 25,636 31,623 
Other transportation 36,957 41,281 46,225 51,550 58,945 
Freight 15,479 16,470 17,408 19,830 22,430 
Port services 21,478 24,811 28,817 31,720 36,515 
Royalties and licence fees  56,715 64,395 70, 727 83,824 91,599 
Industrial processes .. .. 32,415 36,791 40,130 
Othera .. .. 38,311 47,033 51,469 
Other private services 149,262 160,051 186,028 220,077 233,529 
Education 13,634 14,021 14,647 15,956 17,796 
Financial services 36,389 39,878 47,882 61,393 60,190 
Insurance services 7,314 7,566 9,445  10,184  10,756 
Telecommunications 4,651 4,748 7,105 8,043 9,163 
Business, professional, and technical  services 69,568 76,487 86,390 101,837 113,525 
Computer services  8,693 9,434 10,079 11,638 12,599 
Computer and data information services .. .. 5,734 6,887 8,044 
Data base and other information services .. .. 4,344 4,750 4,555 
Management and consulting se rvices 16,372 19, 242 21,421 25,331 26,942 
Research and development and tes ting services 9,563 10,431 12,810 14,293 17,139 
Operational leasing 8,634 9,555 6,183 7,363 7,942 
Other business, professional, and tec hnical services 26,304 27,825 35,897 43,212 48,901 
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services .. .. 717 883 1,399 
Advertising .. .. 3,773 4,041 4,019 
Architectural, engineering, and other technical services .. .. 4,702 5,338 5,918 
Construction .. .. 739 1,021 1,679 
Industrial engineering .. .. 3,903 3,848 3,776 
Installation, maintenance, and repair of equipment .. .. 7,673 8,946 9,661 
Legal services .. .. 5,256 6,409 7,269 
Medical services  1,661 1,964 2,166 2,306 2,467 
Mining .. .. 721 2,170 3,080 
Sports and performing arts .. .. 431 635 755 
Trade-related servicesb .. .. 3,611 5,216 6,112 
Training services .. .. 1,284 1,240 1,414 
Other  .. .. 920 1,160 1,352 
Other services 17,707 17,351 20,559 22,663 22,099 
Film and television tape re ntals 10,378 10,052 12,823 14,422 13,598 
Other 7,329 7,299 7,737 8,241 8,500 
 
.. Not available. 
 a Other royalties and licence fees consist of rights to books, reco rds, and tapes;  broadcasting and recording of live events; 
 franchise fees;  trade marks; computer use general software; and other intangibles. 
b Trade-related services consist of aucti on services, Internet or online sales servi ces, and services provi ded by independent s ales 
 agents.  For exports, "merchanti ng" services are also included; these are measur ed as the difference between the cost and resa le 
 prices of goods that are purchased and resold abroad without significant processing.  For imports, the value of these services  is 
 included in the value of the goods.  Merchanting services e xports were US$2,829 million in 2006,  US$4,252 million in 2007, and  
 US$5,163 in 2008.  
Source:  WTO Secretariat, based on Bureau of Economic Analysis online information [http://www.bea.gov]. WT/TPR/S/235 Trade Policy Review 
Page 136 
 
 
 Table AII.1 
Status of dispute-related WTO matters invol ving the United States, December 2007-March 2010 
Subject of dispute Raised by/against 
(WTO document 
series) Request for 
consultations Panel established/ 
Panel report 
circulated AB report 
circulateda Other 
developments 
As respondent      
Anti-dumping measures on certain shrimp from 
Viet Nam Viet Nam/United 
States (WT/DS404/...) 01.02.2010 No/n.a. n.a. None 
Use of zeroing in anti-
dumping measures 
involving products from 
Korea Korea/United States 
(WT/DS402/...) 24.11.2009 No/n.a. n.a. None 
Measures affecting imports 
of certain passenger 
vehicle and light truck tyres from China China/United States 
(WT/DS399/...) 14.09.2009 19.01.2010/No n.a. None 
Measures affecting imports 
of poultry China/United States 
(WT/DS392/...) 17.04.2009 31.07.2009/No n.a. None 
Country of origin labelling 
requirements Mexico/United States 
(WT/DS386/...) 17.12.2008 19.11.2009/No n.a. None 
Country of origin labelling 
requirements Canada/United States 
(WT/DS384/...) 01.12.2008 19.11.2009/No n.a. None 
Anti-dumping measures on 
polyethylene retail carrier 
bags Thailand/United States 
(WT/DS383/...) 26.11.2008 20.03.2009/22.01.2010 n.a. None 
Anti-dumping 
administrative reviews and 
other measures related to imports of certain orange 
juice Brazil/United States 
(WT/DS382/...) 27.11.2008 25.09.2009/No n.a. None 
Measures concerning the 
importation, marketing and 
sale of tuna and tuna 
products Mexico/United States 
(WT/DS381/...) 24.10.2008 20.04.2009/No n.a. None 
Definitive anti-dumping 
and countervailing duties 
on certain products China/United States 
(WT/DS379/...) 19.09.2008 20.01.2009/No n.a. None 
Domestic support and 
export credit guarantees for 
agricultural products Brazil/United States 
(WT/DS365/...) 11.07.2007 17.12.2007/No n.a. None 
Subsidies and other 
domestic support for corn 
and other agricultural 
products Canada/United States 
(WT/DS357/...) 08.01.2007 17.12.2007/No n.a. None 
Measures affecting trade in 
large civil aircraft (second 
complaint) EU/United States 
(WT/DS353/...) 27.06.2005 17.02.2006/No n.a. None 
Continued existence and 
application of zeroing 
methodology EU/United States 
(WT/DS350/...) 02.10.2006 04.06.2007/01.10.2008 04.02.2009 Mutual agreement 
on implementation 
period (02.06.2009);  
mutual agreement 
on procedures under Arts. 21 and 
22 (04.01.2010) 
Customs bond directive for 
merchandise subject to anti-dumping/ 
countervailing duties India/United States 
(WT/DS345/...) 06.06.2006 21.11.2006/29.02.2008 16.07.2008 Mutual agreement 
on implementation period 
(31.10.2008) 
Table AII.1 (cont'd) United States WT/TPR/S/235 
 Page 137 
 
 
 Subject of dispute Raised by/against 
(WTO document 
series) Request for 
consultations Panel established/ 
Panel report 
circulated AB report 
circulateda Other 
developments 
Final anti-dumping measures on stainless steel Mexico/United States 
(WT/DS344/...) 26.05.2006 26.10.2006/20.12.2007 30.04.2008 Art. 21.3(c) 
arbitration report (31.10.2008);  
mutual agreement 
on procedures under Arts. 21 and 
22 (18.05.2009);  
request for consultations under Art. 21.5 
(19.08.2009) 
Measures relating to 
shrimp Thailand/United States 
(WT/DS343/...) 24.04.2006 26.10.2006/29.02.2008 16.07.2008 Mutual agreement 
on implementation period 
(31.10.2008) 
Measures relating to 
zeroing and sunset reviews Japan/United States 
(WT/DS322/...) 24.11.2004 28.02.2005/20.09.2006 09.01.2007 Art. 21.3(c) 
arbitration report (11.05.2007);  
Art. 21.5 panel 
report (24.04.2009);  
Art. 21.5 AB report 
(18.08.2009) 
Continued suspension of 
obligations in the EU – 
Hormones Dispute EU/United States 
(WT/DS320/...) 08.11.2004 17.02.2005/31.03.2008 16.10.2008 None 
Laws, regulations and 
methodology for 
calculating dumping margins (zeroing) EU/United States 
(WT/DS294/...) 12.06.2003 19.03.2004/31.10.2005 18.04.2006 Art. 21.5 panel 
report 
(17.12.2008);  Art. 21.5 AB report 
(14.05.2009);  
arbitration proceedings under 
Art. 22 
(18.02.2010) 
Measures affecting the cross-border supply of 
gambling and betting 
services Antigua and 
Barbuda/United States 
(WT/DS285/...) 13.03.2003 21.07.2003/10.11.2004 07.04.2005 Art. 21.3(c) 
arbitration report 
(19.08.2005);  
Art. 21.5 panel report 
(30.03.2007);  
recourse to Art. 22.6 
arbitration report 
(21.12.2007) 
Subsidies on upland cotton Brazil/United States 
(WT/DS267/...) 27.09.2002 18.03.2003/08.09.2004 03.03.2005 Article 21.5 panel 
report 
(18.12.2007);  Art. 21.5 AB report 
(02.06.2008); 
recourse to Article 22.6 
arbitration report 
(31.08.09);  DSB authorized 
suspension of 
application of concessions (19.11.2009) 
Table AII.1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/235 Trade Policy Review 
Page 138 
 
 
 Subject of dispute Raised by/against 
(WTO document 
series) Request for 
consultations Panel established/ 
Panel report 
circulated AB report 
circulateda Other 
developments 
As complainant      
Taxes on distilled spirits United States/ 
Philippines 
(WT/DS403/...) 14.01.2010 No/n.a. n.a. None 
Measures related to the 
exportation of various raw 
materials United States/China 
(WT/DS394/...) 23.06.2009 21.12.2009/No n.a. None 
Measures affecting poultry 
meat and poultry meat 
products United States/EU 
(WT/DS389/...) 16.01.2009 19.11.2009/No n.a. None 
Grants, loans and other 
incentives United States/China 
(WT/DS387/...) 19.12.2008 No/n.a. n.a. None 
Tariff treatment of certain 
information technology 
products United States /EU 
(WT/DS375/...) 28.05.2008 23.09.2008/No n.a. None 
Measures affecting 
financial information services and foreign 
financial information 
suppliers United States/China 
(WT/DS373/...) 03.03.2008 No/n.a. n.a. Mutually agreed 
solution (04.12.2008) 
Measures affecting trading 
rights and distribution 
services for certain publications and 
audiovisual entertainment 
products United States/China 
(WT/DS363/...) 10.04.2007 27.11.2007/12.08.2009 21.12.2009 None 
Measures affecting the 
protection and enforcement 
of intellectual property rights United States/China 
(WT/DS362/...) 10.04.2007 25.09.2007/26.01.2009 n.a. Mutual agreement 
on implementation 
period (29.06.2009);  
mutual agreement 
on procedures under Arts. 21 and 
22 (08.04.2010) 
Additional and extra-
additional duties on imports United States/India 
(WT/DS360/...) 06.03.2007 20.06.2007/09.06.2008 30.10.2008 None 
Certain measures granting 
refunds, reductions or exemptions from taxes and 
other payments United States/China 
(WT/DS358/...) 02.02.2007 No/n.a. n.a. Mutually agreed 
solution (19.12.2007) 
Measures affecting imports of automobile parts United States/China 
(WT/DS340/...) 30.03.2006 26.10.2006/18.07.2008 15.12.2008 Mutual agreement 
on implementation 
period 
(27.02.2009) 
Measures affecting the 
importation of rice United States/Turkey 
(WT/DS334/...) 02.11.2005 17.03.2006/21.09.2007 n.a. Mutual agreement 
on procedures 
under Arts. 21 and 22 (07.05.2008) 
Measures affecting trade in large civil aircraft United States/EU 
(WT/DS316/...) 06.10.2004 20.07.2005/No n.a. None 
Measures affecting the 
approval and marketing of 
biotech products United States/EU 
(WT/DS291/...) 13.05.2003 29.08.2003/29.09.2006 n.a. Mutual agreement 
to suspend 
arbitration under Art. 22.6 (14.01.2008) 
n.a. Not applicable. 
a AB refers to Appellate Body. 
Source: WTO Secretariat. United States WT/TPR/S/235 
 Page 139 
 
 
 Table AII.2 
Overview of U.S. Free-Tr ade Agreements, March 2010 
UNITED STATES – ISRAEL 
Parties United States, Israel 
Date of signature/entry into force 22.04.1985 / 19.08.1985 
Transition for full implementation Complete d in January 1995 (United States, tariffs) 
Main products excluded from 
liberalization Certain tariff lines in dairy produc ts and peanuts (United States) 
U.S. merchandise trade (2008) Imports from Israel:  1. 1% of total;  exports to Israel:  0.9% of total 
of which preferentiala Imports:  14.4% 
of which duty-freeb Imports:  98.1% 
U.S. commercial services trade (2007) Imports from Israe l:  0.9% of total;  exports to Israel, 0.7% of total 
Related WTO documents L/5863 (GATT) 
Relevant websites http://www.us tr.gov/trade-agreements/free- trade-agreemen ts/israel-fta 
http://www.moit.gov.il/NR/exeres/81939BA3 -914F-4A29-A865-2FE0F8AB8CFE.htm 
NAFTA 
Parties United States, Canada, Mexico 
Date of signature/entry into force 17.12.1992 / 01.01.1994 
Transition for full implementation U.S. tariff liberaliza tion completed in 1998 (for Ca nada) and 2008 (for Mexico) 
Main products excluded from 
liberalization Certain tariff lines in dairy products, peanut s, sugar (U.S. imports from Canada only) 
U.S. merchandise trade (2008) Imports from NAFTA:  26. 4% of total;  exports to NAFTA:  30.3% of total 
of which preferentiala Imports:  55.6% 
of which duty-freeb Imports:  94.6% 
U.S. commercial services trade (2007) Imports from NAFTA :  11.8% of total;  exports to NAFTA:  13.9% of total 
Related WTO documents L/7176  (GATT), WT/REG4, S/C/N/4 
Relevant websites http:// www.nafta-sec-alena.org/ 
UNITED STATES – JORDAN 
Parties United States, Jordan 
Date of signature/entry into force 24.11.2000 / 17.12.2001 
Transition for full implementation 10 years (United States, tariffs) 
Main products excluded from 
liberalization Certain tariff lines in tobacco and tobacco products (United States) 
U.S. merchandise trade (2008) Imports from Jordan:  0.1% of total;  exports to Jordan:  0.1% of total 
of which preferentiala Imports:  24.6% 
of which duty-freeb Imports:  97.9% 
U.S. commercial services trade (2007) .. 
Related WTO documents WT/REG134, S/C/N/193 
Relevant websites http://www.us tr.gov/trade-agreements/free- trade-agreemen ts/jordan-fta 
http://www.mit.gov.jo/Def ault.aspx?tabid=703 
UNITED STATES – SINGAPORE 
Parties United States, Singapore 
Date of signature/entry into force 06.05.2003 / 01.01.2004 
Transition for full implementation 10 years (United States, tariffs) 
Main products excluded from 
liberalization None 
U.S. merchandise trade (2008) Imports from Singapore:  0. 8% of total;  exports to Singapore:  2.2% of total 
Table AII.2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/235 Trade Policy Review 
Page 140 
 
 
   
UNITED STATES – SINGAPORE (cont'd)  
of which preferentiala Imports:  6.5% 
of which duty-freeb Imports:  95.4% 
U.S. commercial services trade (2007) Imports from Singapore:   1.2% of total;  exports to Singapore:  1.5% of total 
Related WTO documents WT/REG161, S/C/N/263 
Relevant websites http://www.ustr .gov/trade-agreements/free-tr ade-agreements/singapore-fta 
http://www.fta.gov.sg/fta_ussfta.asp?hl=13 
UNITED STATES – CHILE 
Parties United States, Chile 
Date of signature/entry into force 06.06.2003 / 01.01.2004 
Transition for full implementation 12 years (United States, tariffs) 
Main products excluded from liberalization None 
U.S. merchandise trade (2008) Imports from Chile:  0.4% of total;  exports to Chile:  1% of total 
of which preferentiala Imports:  54.4% 
of which duty-freeb Imports:  95.0% 
U.S. commercial services trade (2007) Imports from Chile :  0.3% of total;  exports to Chile:  0.4% of total 
Related WTO documents WT/REG160, S/C/N/262 
Relevant websites http://www.us tr.gov/trade-agreements/free- trade-agreemen ts/chile-fta 
http://www.direcon.cl/i ndex.php?accion=tlc_eeuu 
UNITED STATES – AUSTRALIA 
Parties United States, Australia 
Date of signature/entry into force 18.05.2004 / 01.01.2005 
Transition for full implementation 18 years (United States, tariffs) 
Main products excluded from 
liberalization Certain tariff lines in dairy products, and sugar and sugar products (United States) 
U.S. merchandise trade (2008) Imports from Australia:  0. 5% of total;  exports to Australia:  1.8% of total 
of which preferentiala Imports:  41.4% 
of which duty-freeb Imports:  83.6% 
U.S. commercial services trade (2007) Imports from Australia :  1.7% of total;  exports to Australia:  2.2% of total 
Related WTO documents WT/REG184, S/C/N/310 
Relevant websites http://www.ustr .gov/trade-agreements/free-trad e-agreements/australian-fta 
http://www.dfat.gov.au/trad e/negotiations/us_fta/ 
UNITED STATES – MOROCCO 
Parties United States, Morocco 
Date of signature/entry into force 15.06.2004 / 01.01.2006 
Transition for full implementation 18 years (United States, tariffs) 
Main products excluded from 
liberalization None 
U.S. merchandise trade (2008) Imports from Morocco:  0%  of total;  exports to Morocco:  0.1% of total 
of which preferentiala Imports:  18.3% 
of which duty-freeb Imports:  87.4% 
U.S. commercial services trade (2007) .. 
Related WTO documents WT/REG208, S/C/N/362 
Relevant websites http://www.ustr .gov/trade-agreements/free-tr ade-agreements /morocco-fta 
http://www.maec.gov.ma/libreChange/acceuil2.htm 
Table AII.2 (cont'd) United States WT/TPR/S/235 
 Page 141 
 
 
  
UNITED STATES - DOMINICAN REPUBLIC – CENTRAL AMERICA (CAFTA-DR) 
Parties United States, Costa Rica, El Salvador , Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Dominican 
Republic 
Date of signature/entry into for ce 05.08.2004 / 01.03.2006 (United States) 
Transition for full implementation 20 years (United States, tariffs) 
Main products excluded from 
liberalization Certain tariff lines in sugar a nd sugar products (United States) 
U.S. merchandise trade (2008)c Imports from CAFTA-DR:  0.7% of total;  exports to CAFTA-DR:  1.6% of total 
of which preferentiala Imports:  61.2% 
of which duty-freeb Imports:  89.7% 
U.S. commercial services trade (2007) .. 
Related WTO documents WT/REG211, S/C/N/471 (Costa  Rica), S/C/N/391 (Dominican Republic), S/C/N/372 
(Guatemala), S/C/N/366 (Honduras, Nicaragua),  S/C/N/365 (El Salvador, United States) 
Relevant websites http://www.ustr.gov /trade-agreements/free- trade-agreements/cafta -dr-dominican-republic-
central-america-fta 
http://www.comex.go.cr/acuerdos/ cafta-dr/Paginas/default.aspx 
http://www.minec.gob.sv/tlc/tlc_web/USA.HTM http://www.mineco.gob.gt/Present acion/direccionAdminComEx.aspx 
http://www.mific.gob.ni/docusha re/dsweb/View/Collection-234 
http://www.rdcafta.serex.gov.do/index.aspx 
UNITED STATES – BAHRAIN 
Parties United States, Bahrain 
Date of signature/entry into force 14.09.2005 / 01.08.2006 
Transition for full implementation 10 years (United States, tariffs) 
Main products excluded from liberalization None 
U.S. merchandise trade (2008) Imports from Bahrain:  0% of total;  exports to Bahrain:  0.1% of total 
of which preferentiala Imports:  55.7% 
of which duty-freeb Imports:  97.3% 
U.S. commercial services trade (2007) .. 
Related WTO documents WT/REG219, S/C/N/375 
Relevant websites http://www.ustr .gov/trade-agreements/free-tr ade-agreements /bahrain-fta 
UNITED STATES – OMAN 
Parties United States, Oman 
Date of signature/entry into force 19.01.2006 / 01.01.2009 
Transition for full implementation 10 years (United States, tariffs) 
Main products excluded from 
liberalization None 
U.S. merchandise trade (2008) Imports from Oman:  0% of total;  exports to Oman:  0.1% of total 
of which preferentiala Not applicable 
of which duty-freeb Not applicable 
U.S. commercial services trade (2007) .. 
Related WTO documents WT/REG259, S/C/N/472 
Relevant websites http://www.us tr.gov/trade-agreements/free- trade-agreements/oman-fta 
UNITED STATES – PERU 
Parties United States, Peru 
Date of signature/entry into force 12.04.2006 / 01.02.2009 
Transition for full implementation 17 years (United States, tariffs) 
Main products excluded from 
liberalization Certain tariff lines in sugar a nd sugar products (United States) 
Table AII.2 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/S/235 Trade Policy Review 
Page 142 
 
 
   
UNITED STATES – PERU (cont'd)  
U.S. merchandise trade (2008) Imports from Peru:  0.3% of total;  exports to Peru:  0.5% of total 
of which preferentiala Not applicable 
of which duty-freeb Not applicable 
U.S. commercial services trade (2007) .. 
Related WTO documents WT/REG260, S/C/N/473 
Relevant websites http://www.us tr.gov/trade-agreements/free- trade-agreements/peru-tpa 
http://www.tlcperu- eeuu.gob.pe/index.php 
 
.. Not available. 
 a Share of total partner imports that enter under FTA provisions.  
b Share of total partner imports that ente r duty-free (preferential or MFN duties). 
c Excluding Costa Rica, for which the agreement was implemented in the United States in 2009. 
 
Source : WTO Secretariat. United States WT/TPR/S/235 
 Page 143 
 
 
 Table AIII.1 
Trade concerns over U.S. TBTs, July 2007-March 2010 
Measure Selected WTO references Date raised WTO dispute 
settlement 
Flammability of clothing textiles G/TBT/N/ USA/242, G/TBT/M/42, 44 05.07.2007 No 
Volatile organic compound emissions  G/TBT/ N/USA/249, G/TBT/M/42, 43 05.07.2007 No 
Country of origin labelling G/TBT/N/USA/25, G/TBT/N/USA/83 and Corr.1, 
G/TBT/N/USA/281, G/TBT/M/42, 43, 46, 47,49 02.07.2003 Yes 
Labelling and advertising of wines, 
distilled spirits and malt beverages G/TBT/N/USA/290 and Add.1, G/TBT/M/43, 44 09.11.2007 No 
Chemical facility anti-terrorist 
regulation G/TBT/M/44, 45 20.03.2008 No 
Consumer Product Safety 
Improvement Act G/TBT/N/USA/421, G/TBT/M/46-49 05.11.2008 No 
Olive oil G/TBT/N/USA/395, G/TBT/M/46 05.11.2008 No 
Detection of contaminants in fuel 
containers G/TBT/M/46 05.11.2008 No 
Requirements to combat illegal 
logging G/TBT/N/USA/424 and Corr.1, G/TBT/M/46, 47 05.11.2008 No 
Test procedures for fluorescent lamp 
ballasts in stand-by mode G/TBT/N/USA/452, G/TBT/M/48 25.06.2009 No 
Draft Food Safety Enhancement Act 
of 2009 G/TBT/M/48 25.06.2009 No 
Ban on clove cigarettes G/TBT/W/323, G/TBT/M/49 05.11.2009 No 
Proposed country of origin labelling 
for dairy G/TBT/M/49 05.11.2009 No 
 
Source: WTO Secretariat. WT/TPR/S/235 Trade Policy Review 
Page 144 
 
 
 Table AIII.2  
Summary analysis of the MFN tariff, 2009 
MFN 
Description No. of lines Averagea 
(%) Range 
(%) Standard 
deviation 
Total 10,253 4.8 0 - 350 11.8 
HS 01-24 1,648 8.6 0 - 350 26.3 
HS 25-97 8,605 4.1 0 – 60 5.6 
By WTO category     
WTO Agriculture 1,595 8.9 0-350.0 26.6 
 - Animals and products thereof 139 3.4 0-26.4 5.8 
 - Dairy products 166 22.0 0-125.8 20.8 
 - Coffee and tea, cocoa, sugar etc. 315 9.8 0-97.9 13.8 
 - Cut flowers, plants 57 1.7 0-6.8 2.1 
 - Fruit and vegetables 439 6.1 0-131.8 12.1 
 - Grains 21 1.3 0-11.2 2.4 
 - Oil seeds, fats and oils and their products 95 6.1 0-163.8 21.4 
 - Beverages and spirits 100 4.3 0-40.9 8.0 
 - Tobacco 47 57.0 0-350.0 124.4 
 - Other agricultural products n.e.s. 216 2.0 0-69.8 5.5 
WTO Non-agriculture (incl. petroleum) 8,658 4.0 0-60 5.6 
 - WTO Non-agriculture (excl. petroleum) 8,630 4.1 0-60 5.6 
   - Fish and fishery products 201 2.0 0-35.0 4.3 
   - Mineral products, precious stones and precious metals 540 3.5 0-38.0 5.3 
   - Metals 1,012 1.9 0-24.6 2.7 
   - Chemicals and photographic supplies 1,843 3.7 0-6.5 2.6 
   - Leather, rubber, footwear and travel goods 397 7.3 0-60.0 11.6 
   - Wood, pulp, paper and furniture 528 0.7 0-14.0 2.1 
   - Textile and clot hing 1,659 9.1 0-37.8 6.7 
   - Transport equipment 242 2.5 0-25.0 4.7 
   - Non-electric machinery 791 1.4 0-9.9 1.9 
   - Electric machinery 529 2.2 0-15.0 2.3 
   - Non-agriculture articles n.e.s. 888 3.1 0-53.3 5.5 
 - Petroleum 28 2.2 0-7.8 2.9 
By ISIC sectorb     
Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing 488 5.7 0-350.0 32.7 
Mining 116 0.4 0-10.5 1.3 
Manufacturing 9,648 4.8 0-350.0 9.7 
By HS section     
  01  Live animals & products 437 9.7 0-125.8 16.6 
  02  Vegetable products 499 3.9 0-163.8 10.7 
  03  Fats & oils 66 3.6 0-19.1 4.7 
  04  Prepared food etc. 646 12.1 0-350.0 38.1 
  05  Minerals 201 0.6 0-12.6 1.7 
  06  Chemical & products 1,710 3.5 0-9.6 2.7 
  07  Plastics & rubber 375 3.7 0-14.0 2.4 
  08  Hides & skins 220 4.3 0-20.0 4.6 
  09  Wood & articles 239 2.4 0-18.0 3.4 
  10  Pulp, paper etc. 279 0.0 0.0 0.0 
  11  Textile & articl es 1,594 9.0 0-32.0 6.8 
  12  Footwear, headgear 174 13.9 0-60.0 15.4 
  13  Articles of stone 298 5.2 0-38.0 6.2 
  14  Precious stones, etc. 105 3.0 0-13.5 3.4 
  15  Base metals & products 992 1.9 0-24.6 2.7 
  16  Machinery 1,341 1.7 0-15.0 2.1 
  17  Transport equipment 253 2.4 0-25.0 4.6 
  18  Precision equipment 514 3.0 0-29 6.1 
  19  Arms and ammunition 39 1.4 0-5.7 1.9 
  20  Miscellaneous manufacturing 264 3.4 0-53.3 4.9 
  21  Works of art, etc. 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 
By stage of processing     
First stage of processing 959 3.7 0-350.0 23.9 
Semi-processed products 3,417 4.2 0-78.7 4.8 
Fully-processed products 5,877 5.3 0-350.0 11.7 
a Averages do not include HS lines and duty rates for in-quota tariffs. 
b ISIC (Rev.2) classification, excluding electricity (1 line). 
Source:  WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by the U.S. authorities. United States WT/TPR/S/235 
 Page 145 
 
 
 Table AIII.3 
Tariffs according to preferential agreements, 2009 
Description No. of linesa MFN Oman Peru 
Total 10,253 4.8 1.0 0.8 
HS 01-24 1,647 8.6 4.7 4.6 
HS 25-97 8,664 4.1 0.3 0.1 
By WTO category     
WTO Agriculture 1,611 8.9 4.9 4.8 
 - Animals & products thereof 140 3.4 1.0 1.0 
 - Dairy products 166 22.0 13.6 15.9 
 - Coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar, etc. 314 9.8 5.7 6.2 
 - Cut flowers, plants 60 1.7 0.0 0.0 
 - Fruit & vegetables 437 6.1 2.4 0.8 
 - Grains 21 1.3 0.0 0.0 
 - Oil seeds, fats & oils & their products 100 6.1 2.9 2.8 
 - Beverages & spirits 100 4.3 1.6 0.7 
 - Tobacco 47 57.0 43.6 45.2 
 - Other agricultural products n.e.s. 226 2.0 0.5 0.4 
WTO Non-agriculture (incl. petroleum) 8,700 4.0 0.3 0.1 
 - WTO Non-agriculture (excl. petroleum) 8,672 4.1 0.3 0.1 
   - Fish & fishery products 192 2.0 0.1 0.2 
   - Mineral products, precious stones & precious metals 530 3.5 0.2 0.0 
   - Metals 1,011 1.9 0.0 0.0 
   - Chemicals & photographic supplies 1,828 3.7 0.0 0.0 
   - Leather, rubber, footwear & travel goods 389 7.3 1.4 1.4 
   - Wood, pulp, paper & furniture 508 0.7 0.0 0.0 
   - Textiles & clot hing 1,658 9. 1 1.1 0.0 
   - Transport equipment 229 2.5 0.0 0.0 
   - Non-electric machinery 853 1.4 0.0 0.0 
   - Electric machinery 564 2.2 0.1 0.0 
   - Non-agriculture articles n.e.s. 910 3.1 0.0 0.0 
 - Petroleum 28 2.2 0.0 0.0 
By ISIC sectorb     
Agriculture & fisheries 493 5.7 3.4 2.9 
Mining 118 0.4 0.0 0.0 
Manufacturing 9,699 4.8 0.9 0.7 
By HS section     
  01  Live animals & products 428 9.7 5.6 6.4 
  02  Vegetable products 505 3.9 1.4 0.5 
  03  Fats & oils 67 3.6 0.6 0.2 
  04  Prepared food etc. 647 12.1 7.1 7.1 
  05  Minerals 203 0.6 0.0 0.0 
  06  Chemicals & products 1,707 3.5 0.0 0.0 
  07  Plastics & rubber 373 3.7 0.0 0.0 
  08  Hides & skins 222 4.3 0.0 0.0 
  09  Wood & articles 193 2.4 0.0 0.0 
  10  Pulp, paper, etc. 288 0.0 0.0 0.0 
  11  Textiles & arti cles 1,591 9.0 1.2 0.0 
  12  Footwear, headgear 168 13.9 3.2 3.2 
  13  Articles of stone 283 5.2 0.4 0.0 
  14  Precious stones, etc. 105 3.0 0.0 0.0 
  15  Base metals & products 991 1.9 0.0 0.0 
  16  Machinery 1,444 1.7 0.0 0.0 
  17  Transport equipment 240 2.4 0.0 0.0 
  18  Precision equipment 531 3.0 0.0 0.0 
  19  Arms & ammunition 40 1.4 0.0 0.0 
  20  Miscellaneous manufacturing 278 3.4 0.0 0.0 
  21  Works of art, etc. 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 
By stage of processing     
First stage of processing 962 3.7 2.0 1.6 
Semi-processed products 3,395 4.2 0.3 0.1 
Fully-processed products 5,954 5.3 1.3 1.1 
 
a Averages do not include HS lines and duty rates for in-quota tariffs. 
b ISIC (Rev.2) classification, excluding electricity (1 line). 
 
Source:  WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by the U.S. authorities.  WT/TPR/S/235 Trade Policy Review 
Page 146 
 
 
 Table AIV.1 
Payment rates under the Farm Act of 2008 (Conversion factors) 
(US$ per tonne) 
Commodity  Unit Conversion Metric units 
Wheat Bushel 36.74 Tonne 
Maize Bushel 39.37 Tonne 
Grain sorghum Bushel 39.3 Tonne 
Barley Bushel 45.93 Tonne 
Oats Bushel 68.89 Tonne 
Soybeans Bushel 36.74 Tonne 
Other    
 cwt 22.05 Tonne 
 lb 2,204.62 Tonne 
 Ton 0.91 Tonne 
 
Note: Converstion factors:  1 tonne  = 22.5 cwt, 2,204.62lb, 0.91 ton. 
 
Source: USDA ERS (1992) weight, measures and conversion factor s for agricultural commodities and their products.  
 Agricultural Handbook Number 697. 
Table AIV.2 
Direct payment rates in the 2002 and 2008 Farm Acts 
(US$/tonne of base production and yields) 
Commodity Payment rate Commodity Payment rate 
Wheat 19.11 Upland cotton 147.05 
Maize 11.02 Rice 51.81 
Grain sorghum 13.80 Peanuts 39.68 
Barley 11.02 Soybeans 16.17 
Oats 1.65 Other oilseeds 17.64 
 
Source:  Farm Act 2002 and Farm Act 2008. United States WT/TPR/S/235 
 Page 147 
 
 
 Table AIV.3 
Commodity loan rates, selected years 
(US$/tonne) 
Farm Act 2002 Farm Act 2008 Commodity 
2002-2003 2004-2007 2008 2009 2010-2012 
Wheat 102.88 101.05 101.05 101.05 108.03 
Maize 77.95 76.77 76.77 76.77 76.77 
Grain sorghum 78.07 76.89 76.89 76.89 76.89 
Barley 86.35 84.97 84.97 84.97 89.56 
Oats 93.01 91.63 91.63 91.63 95.76 
Upland cotton 1,146.40 1,146.40 1,146.40 1,146.40 1,146.40 
Extra long staple cotton 1,758.63 1,758.63 1,758.63 1,758.63 1,758.63 
Rice long-grain 143.30 143.30 143.30 143.30 143.30 
Rice short-grain 143.30 143.30 143.30 143.30 143.30 
Peanuts 391.32 391.32 391.32 391.32 391.32 
Soybeans 183.72 183.72 183.72 183.72 183.72 
Other oilseeds 211.64 205.03 205.03 205.03 222.45 
Dry peas 139.55 137.13 137.13 119.05 119.05 
Lentils 263.23 258. 38 258.38 248.68 248.68 
Small chickpeas 166.67 163.80 163.80 163.80 163.80 
Large chickpeas - - - 248.68 248.68 
Graded wool 2,204.62 2,204.62 2,204.62 2,204.62 2,535.32 
Non-graded wool 881.85 881.85 881.85 881.85 881.85 
Mohair 9,259.41 9,259.41 9,259.41 9,259.41 9,259.41 
Honey 1,322.77 1,322.77 1,322.77 1,322.77 1,521.19 
Sugar beet 504.86 504.86 504.86 517.01 531.18 
Sugar cane 396.83 396.83 396.83 402.34 413.37 
 
Source: Farm Act 2002 and 2008. 
Table AIV.4 
Counter-cyclical payments target prices, selected years 
(US$/tonne) 
Farm Act 2002 Farm Act 2008 Commodity 2002-2003 2004-2007 2008 2009 2010-2012 
Wheat 141.83 144.04 144.04 144.04 153.22 
Maize 102.36 103.54 103.54 103.54 103.54 
Grain sorghum 100.15 101.34 101.34 101.34 103.70 
Barley 101.50 102.88 102.88 102.88 120.79 
Oats 96.45 99.21 99.21 99.21 123.32 
Upland cotton 1,596.15 1,596.15 1,570.79 1,570.79 1,570.79 
Rice long-grain 231.49 231.49 231.49 231.49 231.49 
Rice short-grain 231.49 231.49 231.49 231.49 231.49 
Peanuts 545.64 545.64 545.64 545.64  545.64  
Soybeans 213.11 213.11 213.11 213.11 220.46 
Other oilseeds 216.05 222.67 222.67 222. 67 279.55 
Dry peas    183.42 183.42 
Lentils    282.41 282.41 
Small chickpeas    228.40 228.40 
Large chickpeas    282.41 282.41 
 
Source:  Farm Act 2002 and 2008. 
 
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