APPENDIX TABLES Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 117 
 
 
Table AI.1  
Merchandise exports by product, 1991 and 1998-2003  
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1991 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 
Total  (US$ million) 100.0 4,203 4,451 4,822 4,647 5,041 6,038 
  (per cent of total) 
Total primary products 97.4 90.0 91.3 91.3 88.9 90.4 89.7 
   Agriculture 56.9 67.9 57.9 40.4 47.7 49.2 46.3 
      Food 55.2 62.8 52.9 36.5 42.0 42.7 40.7 
         0573 Bananas (including plantains) , fresh or dried 25.2 25.5 21.4 17.0 18.2 19.2 18.2 
         0371 Fish, prepared or preserved, n.e.s. 1.0 5.9 5.8 4.4 5.6 6.6 6.3 
         0361 Crustaceans, fr ozen 17.2 20.8 13.6 5.7 6.1 5.0 4.6 
         0721 Cocoa beans 1.9 0.5 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.8 1.9 
         0713 Extracts, essences and concentrates of coffee  0.4 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.9 
         0599 Juices of any fruit (other than citrus) or vegetable 0.1 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 
         0589 Fruit, nuts and other edible parts of plants 
otherwise prepared or preserved, n.e.s. 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 
         0579 Fruit, fresh or dried, n.e.s. 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 
         0345 Fish fillets, fresh or chilled 0.3 0.2 0. 2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 
         4222 Palm oil and its fractions 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.5 
         0341 Fish, fresh or chilled  0.8 1.3 0. 8 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 
         0622 Sugar confectionery  0.0 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 
         0545 Other fresh or chilled vegetables 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.3 0. 6 0.5 0.3 
         0814 Flours, meals and pellets, of meat or meat offal 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 
         0724 Cocoa butter, fat and oil 1.0 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 
         0723 Cocoa paste 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 
         0344 Fish fillets, fr ozen 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 
         2222 Soya beans 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 
      Agricultural raw materials 1.7 5.1 5.0 3.9 5.7 6.6 5.6 
         2927 Cut flowers and foliage 0.7 3.9 4.1 3.2 4.9 5.8 4.9 
   Mining 40.5 22.1 33.4 50.9 41.1 41.1 43.4 
      Ores and other minerals 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
      Non-ferrous metals 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
      Fuels 40.4 22.0 33.2 50.7 40.9 40.9 43.2 
         3330 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous 
minerals, crude 37.1 18.8 29.5 44.5 37.1 36.5 39.3 
        
Manufactures 2.4 9.6 8.3 8.6 11.0 9.3 10.1 
   Iron and steel 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
   Chemicals 0.5 1.9 1.8 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.9 
         5421 Medicaments containing antibiotics  0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 
         5429 Medicaments, n.e.s. 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 
         5542 Detergents (other than soap) 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 
   Other semi-manufactures 1.0 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.4 
   Machinery and transport equipment 0.3 2.3 1.4 1.9 2.8 1.8 3.1 
      Power-generating machinery 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 
      Other non-electrical machinery 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.0 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 
      Office machines and telecommuni cation equipment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 
      Other electrical machinery 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 
      Automotive products 0.1 1.5 0.6 1.3 2.1 1.0 1.3 
         7812 Motor vehicles for the transport of persons, n.e.s. 0.0 1.4 0.5 1.2 2.0 0.9 1.1 
      Other transport equipment 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 
   Textiles 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 1. 0 0.8 0.7 
   Articles of apparel  0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 
   Other consumer goods 0.1 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.3 
        
Other 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 
   Gold 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 
Source: United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) Commodity Trade Statistics (Comtrade) database (Standard 
International Trade Classification, SITC, Rev. 3).  WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 118 
 
 
Table AI.2  
Merchandise imports by product, 1991 and 1998-2003  
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1991 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 
Total (US$ million)  100.0 5,575 3,017 3,446 5,363 6,431 6,534 
 (per cent of total) 
Total primary products 13.6 21.7 23.6 22.2 17.1 15.8 22.0 
   Agriculture 10.3 14.3 14.0 12.3 10.2 10.2 10.7 
      Food 7.7 12.0 10.7 9.0 8.1 8.7 9.2 
         0989 Food preparations, n.e.s. 0.3 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 
         0813 Oilcake and other solid residues  0.2 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 
         0411 Durum wheat, un milled 2.6 1.6 2.5 1.7 1.4 0.5 0.7 
         0449 Other maize (not including sw eet corn), unmilled 0.0 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.7 
         4211 Soya bean oil and its fractions 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.7 
         0412 Other wheat (including spelt) and meslin, unmilled 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 
         0342 Fish, frozen (excluding fillet s and minced fish) 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 
      Agricultural raw materials 2.6 2.3 3.2 3.3 2.2 1.5 1.5 
   Mining 3.4 7.3 9.6 9.9 6.8 5.7 11.3 
      Ores and other minerals 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 
      Non-ferrous metals 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.7 
      Fuels 1.1 6.0 8.2 8.1 5.6 4.5 10.2 
         3352 Mineral tars and products of  their distillation  0.0 1.0 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.0 3.8 
         3442 Gaseous hydrocarbons, liquefied, n.e.s. 0.0 1.7 3.3 4.8 3.0 2.4 3.3 
         3341 Motor spirit (gasoline) and other light oils 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 
         3510 Electric current 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 
               
Manufactures 86.3 75.2 74.7 76.4 79.7 83.5 77.9 
   Iron and steel 8.1 5.4 4.6 5.5 5.1 7.0 4.8 
   Chemicals 23.0 16.1 22.4 23.9 18.4 16.6 16.9 
         5429 Medicaments, n.e.s. 3.0 2.5 3.2 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.1 
         5711 Polyethylene 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.8 
         5912 Fungicides, put up for retail sale  0.5 0.9 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.8 
         5621 Mineral or chemical fer tilizers, nitrogenous 1.0 0. 4 0.7 0.9 0. 6 0.6 0.7 
         5421 Medicaments containing antibiotics 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 
         5913 Weed-killers (herbicides), put up for retail sale  0.9 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.5 
   Other semi-manufactures 8.4 9.2 8.2 9.7 8.4 7.9 7.7 
   Machinery and transport equipment 40.5 35.1 28.9 26.6 36.7 40.8 37.1 
      Power-generating machinery 0.8 2.3 2.3 0.8 1.6 1.1 1.5 
      Other non-electrical machinery 16.8 11.2 9.9 9.4 10.4 11.6 8.9 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 
      Office machines and telecommuni cation equipment 5.3 5.9 5.8 5.8 7.9 8.3 10.5 
         7643 Transmission a pparatus for radio-telephony, radio-
telegraphy, radio-broadcas ting or television, etc. 0.2 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.9 2.9 
         7611 Television receivers, colour  0.1 0.6 0. 2 0.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 
         7628 Other radio-broadcast receivers  0.1 0.4 0.2 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.9 
         7638 Sound-recording a nd other sound-reproducing apparatus; 
video-recording or reproducing apparatus, etc. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.8 
         7526 Input or output units  0.1 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 
         7599 Parts and accessories for data-pro cessing machines, etc. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 
      Other electrical machinery 2.9 4.7 3.2 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.1 
      Automotive products 11.9 8.8 6.2 5.3 11.4 14.1 11.0 
         7812 Motor vehicles for the transport of persons, n.e.s. 3.2 3.5 1.8 2.1 4.6 6.2 5.0 
         7821 Motor vehicles for the transport of goods 4.0 2.6 1.3 1.3 3.5 4.6 3.2 
         7843 Other parts and accessories of  motor vehicles  1.6 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 
      Other transport equipment 2.9 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.1 
   Textiles 1.4 2.0 2.5 3.3 2. 6 2.0 1.9 
   Articles of apparel  0.1 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 
   Other consumer goods 4.9 6.6 7.6 6.8 7.6 8.2 8.4 
         8931 Plastic containers, etc.   0.2 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 
         8921 Books, globes, etc. 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 
         8942 Children's toys 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 
               
Other 0.0 3.2 1.7 1.4 3.3 0.7 0.1 
   Gold 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
Source: United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) Commodity Trade Statistics (Comtrade) database (Standard 
International Trade Classification, SITC, Rev. 3).  Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 119 
 
 
Table AI.3  
Merchandise exports by trad ing partner, 1991 and 1998-2003 
(US$ million and per cent)  
Description 1991 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 
Total (US$ million)  100.0 4,203 4,451 4,822 4,647 5,041 6,038 
  (per cent of total) 
  America 66.7 66.0 65.9 69.8 71.0 69.0 70.5 
    USA 49.2 39.0 38.4 37.9 38.3 40.9 40.6 
    Canada 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 
    Other America 17.4 26.4 27.0 31.6 32.2 27.6 29.4 
      Peru 5.8 4.7 4.0 6.0 7.3 7.4 10.5 
      Colombia 1.1 6.7 5.1 5.4 7.0 7.2 6.0 
      Panama 3.7 3.1 4.9 6.1 6.4 3.4 4.0 
      El Salvador 0.0 1.0 1.4 2.4 1.4 1.6 1.9 
      Chile 3.7 3.3 4.4 4.6 2.0 1.5 1.1 
      Jamaica 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.2 1.1 
      Venezuela 0.2 1.4 1.5 2.2 3.6 1.3 0.9 
      Guatemala 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.9 
      Mexico 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.8 
      Argentina 0.5 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.5 0.3 0.5 
      Honduras 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.5 
               
  Europe 17.7 24.6 21.1 15.7 18.0 20.8 22.0 
    EU (15) 17.1 20.8 18.4 12.3 14.2 15.8 17.2 
      Germany 4.8 3.1 2.8 2.6 3.3 3.4 3.4 
      Spain 4.0 3.3 2.8 1.5 1.5 1.3 2.4 
      Netherlands  1.1 2.0 2.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.9 
      Belgium and Luxembourg 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.2 
      United Kingdom 0.4 1.4 1.3 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 
      France 0.9 2.3 1.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 
    EFTA 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
      Switzerland 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 
    Eastern Europe 0.4 3.8 2.4 3.1 3.5 4.7 4.7 
      Former USSR 0.0 2.7 1.6 2.6 3.0 4.4 4.3 
         Russian Federation 0.0 2.7 1.5 2.5 2.9 4.4 4.3 
    Other Europe 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 
               
  Asia 14.9 8.2 11.0 11.8 9.4 8.8 6.3 
    Middle East 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 
    East Asia 14.7 7.4 10.2 11.2 8.7 8.4 5.8 
      Korea. Rep. of 10.4 2.3 4.8 6.6 5.1 5.9 4.0 
      Japan 2.2 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.6 1.9 1.4 
      China 0.0 1.2 1.9 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 
      Chinese Taipei 2.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.1 
      Hong Kong 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 
    South Asia 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 
               
  Oceania 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 0. 5 0.3 0.2 
               
  Africa 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.5 
    Sub-Saharan Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 
    Other Africa 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 
      Algeria 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 
               
  Other 0.0 0.6 1.4 2.2 1.1 1.0 0.4 
 
Source: United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) Commodity Trade Statistics (Comtrade) database (Standard 
International Trade Classification, SITC, Rev. 3). WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 120 
 
 
Table AI.4  
Merchandise imports by trad ing partner, 1991 and 1998-2003 
(US$ million and per cent) 
Description 1991 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 
Total (US$ million)  100.0 5,575 3,017 3,446 5,363 6,431 6,534 
  (per cent of total) 
  America 56.3 66.8 70.4 71.7 63.9 68.0 64.3 
    USA 31.9 30.1 30.4 25.6 23.0 23.0 18.8 
    Canada 2.2 1.8 2.3 2.0 2.4 1.1 1.8 
    Other America 22.2 34.8 37.6 44.1 38.5 43.9 43.7 
      Colombia 4.9 10.6 12.0 14.2 14.2 14.0 13.8 
      Brazil 5.9 3.5 3.2 4.0 3.7 6.3 6.1 
      Venezuela 1.8 4.8 6.4 7.9 5.7 5.5 5.8 
      Chile 2.7 3.6 4.1 5.8 4.8 4.7 4.8 
      Mexico 1.4 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.0 3.9 
      Argentina 2.4 2.4 2.4 1.6 1.8 2.6 2.5 
      Peru 1.5 1.8 1.6 2.1 1.7 2.4 2.4 
      Panama 0.5 3.3 2.9 2.9 0.9 4.2 1.2 
      Bolivia 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.7 
      Bahamas 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.6 
      Paraguay 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 
               
  Europe 27.8 17.4 17.5 15.5 15.9 15.9 14.7 
    EU (15) 23.2 14.7 14.2 11.9 12.5 13.8 12.7 
      Germany 6.1 4.1 4.2 3.4 3.9 2.8 2.7 
      Spain 2.3 2.0 2.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.2 
      Italy 6.2 3.1 1.9 1.6 2.1 2.2 1.9 
      Finland 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.1 1.3 
      France 3.9 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 
      United Kingdom 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.8 
      Netherlands 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 
      Belgium and Luxembourg 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.6 0.8 2.3 0.8 
    EFTA 2.6 0.7 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.6 
      Switzerland 2.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 
    Eastern Europe 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.2 1.3 1.4 
      Former USSR 0.3 1.6 1.9 2.3 1.9 1.1 1.1 
    Other Europe 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 
               
  Asia 14.5 14.2 10.9 10.5 18.8 14.9 20.2 
    Middle East 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.5 
    East Asia 14.0 13.5 9.8 9.8 17.8 14.3 19.3 
      China 0.1 1.2 1.7 2.2 4.2 3.4 7.4 
      Japan 10.0 8.6 4.7 3.6 7.0 6.1 4.8 
      Korea. Rep. of 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.6 3.4 2.3 3.9 
      Chinese Taipei 2.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.3 
      Malaysia 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.6 
      Thailand  0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 
    South Asia 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 
      India 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 
               
  Oceania 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0. 2 0.2 0.3 
               
  Africa 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.1 
    Sub-Saharan Africa 0.0 0.8 0.1 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 
    Other Africa 1.1 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 
               
  Other 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.8 0.3 
 
Source: United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) Commodity Trade Statistics (Comtrade) database (Standard 
International Trade Classification, SITC, Rev. 3). Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 121 
 
 
Table AI.5 
Flows of foreign direct investment, 1993 and 1998-2003 
(US$ thousand and per cent) 
 1993 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 
Total 473,725 869,973 648,415 720,027 1,329,820 1,275,297 1,554,737 
By economic activity a (per cent of total)  
Mining and quarrying  83.5 86.6 93.0 94.5 84.2 83.3 53.3 
Building and construction 0 1.2 0 0 4.2 0.4 28.4 
Business services  1.8 5.0 4.0 2.1 0.9 4.9 5.7 
Manufacturing 10.9 3.5 1.2 1.3 4.4 4.4 4.6 
Trade 1.5 1.9 1.2 1.8 4.1 3.6 3.2 
Agriculture, forestry, hunting and 
fisheries 2.0 1.7 0.3 0.2 1.4 1.2 3.1 
Transport, storage and communications  0.3 0 0.2 0 0.8 1.7 1.6 
Community, social and personal 
services  0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.1 
Electricity, gas and water 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 
By country a        
Canada 0.3 23.8  20.5  23.7  32.3  27.6  21.1 
USA 66.8  41.8  35.5  32.7  23.8  30.7  13.1 
Panama 2.8  2.2  2.1  1.6  5.5  3.5  5.4 
France 3.9  0.4  0.0  0.0  0.0  0.1  4.1 
Italy 0.1  9.8  9.9  9.3  6.6  8.6  3.5 
Switzerland 1.6  0.2  0.2  0.0  0.3  0.4  3.4 
Spain 0.2  0.1  0.0  11.9  6.4  6.9  3.1 
Brazil 0.1  0.7  2.1  1.5  0.0  0.1  2.2 
Germany 2.9  1.2  1.2  0.8  2.3  1.1  2.0 
Bahamas 0.1  0.6  0.5  0.0  2.3  0.9  1.3 
Argentina 0  3.2  13.5  3.5  4.8  4.6  1.3 
United Kingdom 6.8  2.6  0.6  0.2  0.8  2.5  0.9 
Netherlands 0.3  1.1  1.7  1.5  0.4  0.0  0.6 
Colombia 0.6  1.7  0.2  0.0  0.1  0.4  0.5 
Mexico 0.2  0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0  0.3 
Japan 0.1  0.4  0.1  0.1  0.3  0.3  0.2 
Venezuela 0.3  0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0  0.2  0.1 
Chile 0.2  1.5  1.1  1.0  1.6  1.6  0.1 
Peru 0.1  0.0  0.0  0.2  0.0  0.0  0.1 
Uruguay 0  0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0  0.3  0.1 
Belgium and Luxembourg 0  0.1  0.0  0.2  0.5  0.7  0.0 
Bolivia 1.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Other 10.7 8.5 10.6 11.9 11.9 9.6 36.2b 
a Figures may not add up to 100 per cent as a result of rounding. 
b Includes a US$440 million loan by the Cayman Islands to Ecuador related to the heavy crude oil pipeline project. 
Source: Central Bank of Ecuador. WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 122 
 
 
Table AII.1 
Existing agreements signed by Ecuador on the promotio n and reciprocal protection of investments, January 2005  
Country Date signed Ratification Effective date 
Germany 21 March 1996 R.O. No. 84 of 11 June 1996 12 February 1999 
Argentina 18 February 1994 R.O. No. 785 of 20 September 1995 1 December 1995 
Bolivia 25 May 1994 R.O. No. 159 of 24 September 1997 15 August 1997 
Canada  29 April 1996 R.O. No. 105 of 10 July 1997 6 June 1997 
China 27 October 1993 R.O. No. 785 of  20 September 1995 2 January 1996 
Chile 21 March 1997 R.O. No. 104 of 9 July 1997 1 July 1997 
Cuba 6 May 1997 R.O. No. 330 of 2 June 1998 1 June 1998 
El Salvador 16 May 1994 R.O. No. 831 of 28 November 1995 14 January 1996 
Spain 26 June 1996 R.O. No. 106 of 11 July 1997 18 June 1997 
USA 27 August 2001 R.O. No. 49 of 22 April 1997 11 May 1997 
Finland 18 April 2001 R.O. No. 395 of 22 August 2001 16 December 2001 
France 7 September 1994 R.O. No. 778 of 11 September 1995 10 June 1996 
United Kingdom 10 May 1994 R.O. No. 778 of 11 September 1995 24 August 1995 
Nicaragua 
 2 June 2000 
 Executive Decree No. 1412E of 5 April 2002; 
exchange of ratifications, 25 July 2002 8 September 2002 
Paraguay 28 January 1994 R.O. No. 782 of  15 September 1995 18 September 1995 
Peru 7 April 1999 R.O. No. 341 of 17 December 1999 10 December 1999 
Romania 21 March 1996 R.O. No. 104 of 9 July 1997 18 July 1997 
Switzerland 2 May 1968 R.O. No. 247 of 7 April 1971 11 November 1969 
Uruguay 31 July 1985 Exchange of ratifications, 31 July 1985 31 July 1985 
Venezuela 18 November 1993 R.O. No. 548 of 14 October 1994 1 February 1995 
R.O. Registro Oficial  (Official Journal of Ecuador). 
Source:  WTO Secretariat, on the basis of data  provided by the Ecuadorian authorities. Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 123 
 
 
Table AII.2 
Selected notifications to the WTO, February 2005 
WTO Agreement Description of requirement Frequency Document 
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 
Article XXVIII.5 Reservation of the right to modify 
the Schedule of concessions Prior to the expiry of 
the period referred to 
in Article XXVIII.1 G/MA/99, 18 January 2000 
G/MA/45, 13 January 1997 
Article XXIV.7(a) . Customs unions and free-trade 
areas Ad hoc Not yet submitted 
Decision on Notification Procedures for Quantitative Restrictions 
WTO document G/L/59 Quantitative restrictions Reports Every two 
years and notification 
of changes  Not yet submitted 
Agreement on Agriculture 
Article 18.2 Tariff quotas  Comprehensive one-
off notification;  subsequently 
notification of changes G/AG/N/ECU/8, 20 December 2000 
G/AG/N/ECU/5, 17 June 1998 G/AG/N/ECU/1, 3 July 1997 
Article 18.2 Imports subject to ta riff quotas  On an annual basis G/AG/N/ECU/13, 11 January 2001a 
Article 5.7 Special safeguard On an annual basis G/AG/N/ECU/14, 11 January 2001a 
Article 18.2 and 18.3 Domestic support On an annual basis G/AG/N/ECU/15, 11 January 2001a 
Article 18.2 Export subsidies On an annual basis G/AG/N/ECU/16, 11 January 2001a 
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 
Annex B. paragraph 3 Enquiry point Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes Not yet submitted 
Annex B. paragraph 10 National no tification authority Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes Not yet submitted 
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 
Articles 2, 3, 5 and 7 Proposed and adopted technical 
regulations Beforehand or, in the 
case of urgent 
problems, immediately 
after the measure is 
taken G/TBT/N/ECU/1, 1 February 2005 
G/TBT/N/ECU/2, 3 February 2005 
Article 10.1 and 10.3 Enquiry point Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/TBT/ENQ/24, 9 March 2004 
Article 15.2 Implementation and 
administration measures Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes Not yet submitted 
Paragraph C of the Code of 
Good Practice for the 
Preparation, Adoption and 
Application of Standards  Standardizing bodies that have 
accepted the Code  Once only and when 
withdrawing from the 
Code G/TBT/CS/2/Rev.10, 4 March 2004 
Paragraph J of the Code of 
Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption and 
Application of Standards  Work programme of bodies that 
have accepted the Code  On a semi-annual 
basis Not yet submitted 
Agreement on Trade-Related In vestment Measures (TRIMS) 
Article 5.1 TRIMS that are not in conformity 
with the provisions of the 
Agreement  Once only G/TRIMS/N/1/ECU/1, 2 April 1996 
Article 6.2 Publications in which TRIMS 
may be found Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/TRIMS/N/2/Rev.6, 16 July 1999 
Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 (Anti-Dumping Agreement) 
Article 16.4 Anti-dumping actions On a semi-annual 
basis G/ADP/N/59/ECU, 13 April 2000a 
Article 16.4 Anti-dumping actions Once only, when an 
action is taken G/ADP/N/66, 17 July 2000 
Table AII.2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 124 
 
 
WTO Agreement Description of requirement Frequency Document 
Article 16.5 Investigating authority Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/ADP/N/14/Add.10, 19 April 2000 
Article 18.5 Laws and regulations Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/ADP/N/1/ECU/2, 22 September 2000 
G/ADP/N/1/ECU/1 and Suppl.1, 15 July 
1998b 
Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of  the GATT 1994 (Agreement on Customs Valuation) 
Article 22.2 and Decision 
of the WTO Committee on 
Customs Valuation (12 
May 1995) Legislation Once only, 
subsequently notification of changes G/VAL/N/1/ECU/2 and Rev.1, 1 March 
1996
b 
G/VAL/N/1/ECU/1, 28 August 1995 
Decision of the WTO 
Committee on Customs 
Valuation (12 May 1995) Responses to the checklist of 
issues Once only Not yet submitted 
Article 20.1 Special provisions available to 
developing country Members (delayed application of the 
Agreement) Once only WT/Let/72, 11 April 1996 
Article 20.2 Special provisions available to 
developing country Members 
(delayed application of specified provision) Once only WT/Let/72, 11 April 1996 
 Annex III. paragraph 3 Speci al provisions available to 
developing country Members 
(reversal of the order of Articles 5 
and 6) Once only WT/Let/72, 11 April 1996 
 Annex III. paragraph 4 Speci al provisions available to 
developing country Members (reservation with respect to 
paragraph 2 of Article 5) Once only WT/Let/72, 11 April 1996 
Agreement on Preshipment Inspection 
Article 5 Laws and regulations Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/PSI/N/1/Add.8, 28 September 1999 
Agreement on Rules of Origin  
Article 5.1 Non-preferential rules of origin Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes Not yet submitted 
Annex II. paragraph 4  Preferential rules of  origin Ad hoc G/RO/N/12, 1 October 1996 
G/RO/N/1, 9 May 1995 
Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures 
Article 1.4(a) and Article 8.2(b) Laws and regulations;  rules and 
information concerning procedures for the submission of 
applications  Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/LIC/N/1/ECU/1, 20 December 2002 
Article 7.3 Questionnaire On an annual basis G/LIC/N/3/ECU/2, 20 December 2002a 
G/LIC/N/3/ECU/1/Add.1-
G/LIC/Q/ECU/2, 17 October 2002a 
Agreement on Subsidies a nd Countervailing Measures 
Article 25.2 Subsidies  Every three years 
(updating notifications in the two intervening 
years) G/SCM/N/38/ECU, 3 May 1999a 
Article 25.11 Actions taken with respect to 
countervailing duties  Every two years G/SCM/N/47/Add.1/Rev.2, 20 October 
1999 
Article 25.12 Investigating authority and 
domestic procedures governing 
investigations Once only G/SCM/N/18/Add.10, 19 April 2000 
Article 32.6 Laws and regulations Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/SCM/N/1/ECU/2, 22 September 2000 
G/SCM/N/1/ECU/1/Suppl.1, 15 July 
1998b 
Table AII.2 (cont'd) Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 125 
 
 
WTO Agreement Description of requirement Frequency Document 
Agreement on Safeguards 
Article 12.1(a) Investigation Once only, upon 
initiating an investigatory process 
relating to serious 
injury or threat thereof  G/SG/N/6/ECU/1-7, 17 December 2003b 
Decision of the Committee 
on Safeguards of 6 
November 1995 Investigation Once only, where a 
safeguard 
investigation is terminated with no 
safeguard measure 
imposed  G/SG/N/9/ECU/1-2, 15 March 2004b 
Article 12.1(b) Safeguard measure Once only, upon 
making a finding of serious injury or threat 
thereof  G/SG/N/8/ECU/1-2, 25 February 2004b 
Article 12.1(c) Safeguard measure Once only, upon 
taking a decision to 
apply or extend a safeguard measure  G/SG/N/10/ECU/1-3, 25 February 2004b 
Article 12.4 Safeguard measure Once only, before 
taking a provisional 
safeguard measure  G/SG/N/7/ECU/1-2, 10 October 2003b 
Article 12.6 Laws and regulations Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes G/SG/N/1/ECU/1-3, 22 September 2000b 
General Agreement on Trade in Services 
Article III.4 Enquiry points Once only S/ENQ/78/Rev.6, 25 May 2004 
Article V.7(a) Economic integration agreements Once only Not yet submitted 
Agreement on Text iles and Clothing 
Article 6.1 Transitional safeguard Once only G/TMB/N/138, 7 March 1996 
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of  Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) 
Article 63.2 Laws and regulations Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes IP/N/1/ECU/C/1-7, 5 February 2004b 
IP/N/1/ECU/I/1-4, 5 February 2004b 
IP/N/1/ECU/1-2, 12 October 1998b 
IP/N/1/ECU/P/1-2, 17 July 1998b 
Article 69 Contact points Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes IP/N/3/Rev.7, 19 August 2003 
Decision of the Council for 
TRIPS of 21 November 
1995 (IP/C/5) Checklist of issues on 
enforcement Once only, 
subsequently 
notification of changes IP/N/6/ECU/1, 27 November 1998 
Article 4(d) International agreements related 
to the protection of intellectual 
property Ad hoc IP/N/4/ECU/1, 19 August 1997 
a Regular notifications - refers onl y to the most recent notification. 
b Refers only to the date of the most recent document. 
Source:  WTO Secretariat. WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 126 
 
 
Table AII.3 
Status of WTO dispute settlement pr oceedings involving Ecuador, 1996-2004 
Subject of dispute Against/raised by Stage (date) References 
Anti-dumping measures on 
cement  Ecuador/Mexico  Request for consul tations (October 1999) WT/DS182/1 
Anti-dumping measures on 
cement  Ecuador/Mexico Request for consul tations (March 2000) WT/DS191/1 
Safeguard measure on 
imports of medium density 
fibreboard Ecuador/Chile Request for consul tations (November 2003) WT/DS303/1 
Regime for the importation, 
sale and distribution of bananas European 
Union/Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, 
Mexico and the United 
States Request for consultations by Ecuador, 
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and the United States (February 1996);  request for the 
establishment of a Panel by Ecuador, Guatemala, 
Honduras, Mexico and the United States (April 1996);  adoption of the Panel and Appellate Body 
reports (September 1997);  request for arbitration 
by Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and the United States (November 1997);  award of 
the arbitrator (January 1998);  request for 
consultations by Ecuador , Guatemala, Honduras, 
Mexico and the United States (August 1998);  
request to reactivate consultations by Ecuador 
(November 1998);  request for the re-establishment of the Panel by Ecuador (December 1998);  adoption of the Panel report 
(May 1999);  request by Ecuador for 
authorization to suspend concessions (November 1999);  request by the European Union for 
arbitration (November 1999);  award of the 
arbitrator (March 2000);  request by Ecuador for authorization to suspend concessions (May 
2000);  request for consultations by Ecuador 
(April 2001);  Understanding on Bananas between Ecuador and the European Union (July 
2001) WT/DS27/1-61 
WT/DS27/R/ECU WT/DS27/AB/R 
WT/DS27/RW/ECU 
WT/DS27/ARB/ECU 
Certain import procedures 
for fresh fruit Turkey/Ecuador Request for consul tations by Ecuador (September 
2001);  request for the establishment of a Panel 
by Ecuador (June 2002);  notification of mutually agreed solution (November 2002) WT/DS237/1-4 
Certain measures affecting 
the importation of fresh fruit 
and vegetables Australia/Philippines 
(Ecuador reserved the 
right to participate as a 
third party) Request for consultations (October 2002);  
request for the establishment of a Panel (July 
2003) WT/DS270/1-5 
Conditions for the granting 
of tariff preferences to developing countries European Union/India 
(Ecuador reserved the right to participate as a 
third party) Request for consultations by India (March 2002);  
request for the establishment of a Panel by India (December 2002);  adoption of the Panel and 
Appellate Body reports (April 2004);  request for 
arbitration by India (July 2004);  award of the arbitrator establishing a reasonable period of time for compliance with the DSB recommendations 
(September 2004) WT/DS246/1-15 
Trade description of sardines European Union/Peru 
(Ecuador reserved the 
right to participate as a third party) Request for consultations by Peru (March 2001);  
request for the establishm ent of a Panel by Peru 
(June 2001);  adoption of the Panel and Appellate 
Body reports (October 2002);  notification of 
mutually agreed solution (July 2003) WT/DS231/1-18 
Table AII.3 (cont'd) Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 127 
 
 
Subject of dispute Against/raised by Stage (date) References 
Price band system and 
safeguard measures relating 
to certain agricultural products Chile/Argentina 
(Ecuador reserved the 
right to participate as a third party) Request for consultations  by Argentina (October 
2000);  request for the establishment of a Panel 
by Peru (January 2001);  adoption of the Panel and Appellate Body re ports (October 2002);  
request by Chile for arbitration (December 
2002);  award of the arbitrator establishing a reasonable period of time  for compliance with 
the DSB recommendations (March 2003);  
recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by Argentina (May 2004)  WT/DS207/1-17 
Import measures on certain 
products from the European 
Communities USA/ 
European Union 
(Ecuador reserved the right to participate as a 
third party) Request for consultations by the European Union 
(March 1999);  request for the establishment of a 
Panel by the European Union (May 1999);  adoption of the Panel and Appellate Body reports 
(January 2001) WT/DS165/1-13 
Import prohibition of certain 
shrimp and shrimp products USA/India, Malaysia, 
Pakistan and Thailand 
(Ecuador reserved the right to participate as a 
third party) Request for consultations (October 1996);  
request for the establishment of a Panel (January 
1997);  adoption of the Panel and Appellate Body reports (November 1998);  recourse by Malaysia 
to Article 21.5 of the DSU (October 2000);  
adoption of the report pursuant to Article 21.5 (November 2001) WT/DS58/1-23 
Source: WTO Secretariat. WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 128 
 
 
Table AII.4 
Main proposals and submissions by Ecuador within th e framework of the Doha Development Agenda, June 2004a 
Negotiating 
area Co-sponsors  Main issues WTO document symbol 
(date) 
Several Argentina, Boliv ia, Botswana, Brazil, 
Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, 
Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Gabon, Guatemala, Honduras, India, 
Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Nicaragua, 
Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Thailand, Uruguay, Venezuela and Zimbabwe Elements required to being negotiation to a 
fruitful conclusion;  development issues;  
agriculture;  non-agricultural market access;  services;  rules;  Singapore issues;  dispute 
settlement understanding;  TRIPS and public 
health TN/C/W/13 (6 June 2003) 
Market 
access Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, 
Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, 
Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela Remarks concerning the Draft Elements of 
Modalities for Negotiations on Non-
Agricultural Products TN/MA/W/45 
(1 September 2003) 
Agriculture Argentina, Boliv ia, Brazil, Chile, China, 
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Egypt, El 
Salvador, Guatemala, India, Mexico, 
Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and 
Venezuela Framework Proposal on Agriculture drafted 
for the Cancún Ministerial Conference:  
domestic support, market access, export 
subsidies, preference erosion and concerns of recently acceded members and Least 
Developed Countries  WT/MIN(03)/W/6 
(4 September 2003) 
Fisheries 
subsidies Australia, Chile, Iceland, New Zealand, 
Peru, Philippines and the United States Negative impacts of fisheries subsidies;  
subsidies and market distortions in the 
fisheries sector;  distinctive trade distortions in the fisheries sect or;  the need for 
improved WTO disciplines;  options TN/RL/W/3 (24 April 2002) 
Services Argentina, Bo livia, Brazil, Colombia, 
Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, 
Honduras, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, 
Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Sri Lanka, 
Thailand, Uruguay and Venezuela Principles for the negotiations on services;  
objectives and scope of the negotiations;  
assessment of trade in services;  modalities for autonomous liberalization;  modalities 
and procedures for negotiations;  effective 
implementation of Article IV of the GATS (increasing particip ation of developing 
countries);  practical arrangements for the 
negotiations S/CSS/W/13 
(24 November 2000) 
Services Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and Venezu ela Proposal that the Council for Trade in 
Services address the issue of classification, starting out by identifying and negotiating classification criteria S/CSS/W/89 (14 May 2001) 
Services Bolivia, Dominican Republic, El 
Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, 
Panama, Peru and Venezuela Proposed Draft Annex on Tourism S/CSS/W/107 
(26 September 2001) 
Services Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican 
Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, 
Indonesia, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, 
Philippines, Senegal, Uruguay and 
Venezuela Background to the issue of credit for 
autonomous trade liberalization measures 
adopted by developing countries   S/CSS/W/130 
(30 November 2001) 
Services Bolivia, Barbados, Colombia, Cuba, 
Nicaragua, Peru and Trinidad and Tobago 
 Proposal to implement the mandate 
established in the Guidelines and Procedures for the Negotiations rega rding the review of 
progress in negotiations as related to the 
implementation of Article IV of the GATS 
 TN/S/W/7 
(28 October 2002) 
Services Barbados, Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, 
China, Dominican Republic, Egypt, 
Honduras, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Peru, 
Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela  Basis to initiate the review of the progress in 
negotiations regarding the effective 
implementation of the objectives of Articles IV and XIX:2 of the GATS (Negotiation of 
Specific Commitments) TN/S/W/16 (25 July 2003) 
Services Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, 
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, 
Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines and Thailand  Address the extent to which initial offers 
tabled by developed Members within the 
framework of the negotiations on trade in services have contributed to the operationalization of the obligations 
established in Article IV of the GATS TN/S/W/19 (31 March 2004) 
Table AII.4 (cont'd) Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 129 
 
 
Negotiating 
area Co-sponsors  Main issues WTO document symbol 
(date) 
Intellectual property Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, El 
Salvador, New Zealand and the United States Proposal for a voluntary multilateral system 
of notification and registration of geographical indications for wines and 
spirits TN/IP/W/9 (13 April 2004) 
Dispute 
settlement None Thoughts regarding how the last resort in the 
dispute settlement system could be improved in order to foster prompt compliance TN/DS/W/9 (8 July 2002) 
Dispute 
settlement None Proposed amendment to Article 21 of the 
Dispute Settlement Understanding 
(Surveillance of implementation of 
recommendations and rulings) TN/DS/W/26 
(26 November 2002) 
Dispute 
settlement None Proposed amendment to Article 21 of the 
Dispute Settlement Understanding  TN/DS/W/33 
(23 January 2003) 
a Exclusive of proposals in restricted documents. 
Source: WTO Secretariat. WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 130 
 
 
Table AII.5 
Main bodies of the Andean Integration System 
Body Composition Main duties and powers  
Andean Presidential 
Council Heads of State of the member 
countries Define Andean subregional integr ation policy; guide and promote 
action on matters of interest to the subregion as a whole; consider 
proposals submitted by the bodies of the Andean Integration System; 
and evaluate the results of the integration progress. 
Andean Council of Foreign Affairs Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the 
member countries Formulate and implement Andean Community foreign policy and 
ensure that subregional integrati on objectives are achieved.  Its 
decisions must be adopted by cons ensus and are directly applicable 
in the territories of member countries upon official publication by the Andean Community. 
Commission  Plenipotentiary representatives from 
the member countries (usually the 
minister responsible for trade and 
integration)  Formulate, implement and evaluate  Andean subregional integration 
policy in the areas of trade and investment. As a general rule, its 
decisions must be adopted by a ffirmative vote of the absolute 
majority of the member countries a nd are directly applicable in the 
territories of member countries upon official publication by the 
Andean Community. 
General Secretariat General Secretariat Manage the in tegration progress; resolve issues submitted for its 
consideration; ensure that Community commitments are fulfilled; 
and submit policy proposals for the consideration of the Commission.  The General Secretariat expresses itself through 
resolutions which are directly a pplicable as of their date of 
publication and provides the opinion on the status of compliance with Andean obligations required for a case to be brought before the Andean Community Court of Justice. 
Court of Justice of the Andean Community One judge representing each 
member country Oversee the legality of the ac tions and omissions of the 
Community's decision-making bodies (hears applications for 
nullification, findings of omission and preliminary rulings on 
validity);  monitor compliance by member countries with Andean law (hears complaints alleging non-compliance);  and cooperate with 
national judges to ensure that Community law is applied uniformly 
(gives preliminary inte rpretations). The Court is empowered as an 
arbitrator in disputes brought before it by Andean bodies and 
institutions, between such bodies and third parties or between private 
individuals. 
Andean Parliament Representatives of members'  
national parliaments (in the cases of Ecuador and Venezuela, the 
representatives were elected by 
direct vote) Put forward draft provisions; promote the harmonization of member 
country legislation; and foster  cooperation and coordination among 
the parliaments of the member countries and third countries. 
 
Note: In addition to the bodies mentioned in this Table, the A ndean Integration System also includes the Andean Development 
Corporation (CAF), the Andean Business Advisory Council, the Andean Labour Advisory Council, the Latin American Reserve 
Fund (FLAR), the Simón Bolívar Andean Un iversity and the social agreements. 
Source:  General Secretariat of the Andean Community. Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 131 
 
 
Table AII.6 
Complaints filed against Ecuador with the Court of Justice of the Andean Community  
Subject of complaint Date            
of judgment Court               
ruling  Outcome Reference 
Adoption of Decrees No. 1344-A of 1993 and 
No. 1738 of 1994, which allowed the grant of 
patents failing to meet the requirement of 
novelty. 30.10.1996 Finding of infr ingement  Infringement ceased  1-AI-96 
Ban on imports of BELMONT cigarettes from 
Venezuela 24.06.1997 Finding of infr ingement  Infringement ceased  2-AI-96 
Import restriction on sp irits originating in 
Colombia 24.09.1998 Finding of infr ingement  Infringement ceased  2-AI-97 
Failure to grant a company a services licence 
for the international carriage of goods by road  n.a. 
 Complaint withdrawn by 
General Secretariat on 
10 September 1998 upon 
remedy of infringement  Infringement ceased  2-AI-98 
Application of tariffs to imports from third 
countries other than those provided for in the Automobile Agreement between Colombia, 
Ecuador and Venezuela 01.09.1998 Finding of infr ingement  Infringement ceased  5-AI-98 
Application of tariffs ot her than those provided 
for in the Common External Tariff 21.07.1999 Finding of infr ingement  Infringement ceased  7-AI-98 
Failure to apply the Andean Declaration of 
Value ( Declaración Andina del Valor, DAV) 
regime prescribed by Decision 379  01.09.1999 Finding of infr ingement  Infringement ceased  10-AI-98 
Collection of a redeemable quota of 0.25 per 
mil of the f.o.b. value of imports to provide 
resources for the Ecuadorian Corporation for the Promotion of Exports and Investment 
(CORPEI) 02.06.2000 Finding of infr ingement  Infringement ceased  19-AI-99 
Introduction of import restrictions on sugar 
originating in Colombia 13.10.2000 Finding of infr ingement  Infringement ceased  43-AI-99 
Failure to extend tariff pr eferences agreed with 
third countries to Peru 14.03.2001 Finding of infr ingement  Infringement ceased  53-AI-99 
Introduction of import restrictions on poultry 
meat and milk products  26.01.2001 Complaint shelved upon 
removal of restriction Infringement ceased  13-AI-00 
Introduction of restrictions on the free transit of 
goods carried internationally by road at the 
border with Colombia  24.11.2000 Finding of infr ingement  Measure s till in force 15-AI-00 
Import restrictions on explosives  21.07.2000 Complaint dismissed 
because infringement remedied prior to legal 
proceedings Infringement ceased  18-AI-00 
Collection of Customs duties on imports of fuel 
derivatives from members of the Andean 
Community  29.11.2000 Finding of infr ingement  Infringement ceased  27-AI-00 
Failure to apply the anti-dumping duties 
ordered by the General Secretariat 10.03.2004 Finding of infr ingement  Infringement ceased  43-AI-00 
Failure to comply with the requirements 
governing the issue of animal health certificates 01.06.2001 Complaint shelved upon 
remedy of infringement  Infringement ceased  52-AI-00 
Failure to apply certain rules relating to the 
Common External Tariff 24.08.2001 Finding of infr ingement  Infringement ceased  91-AI-00 
Introduction of prior import licences for soya 
bean meal originating in Bolivia 24.04.2002 Finding of infr ingement  Infringement ceased  28-AI-01 
Table AII.6 (cont'd) 
 WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 132 
 
 
 
Subject of complaint Date            
of judgment Court               
ruling  Outcome Reference 
Grant of a new-use patent 21.08. 2002 Finding of infringement  Infringement ceased  34-AI-01 
Failure to apply the Andean Price Band System 
(SAFP) unilaterally to wheat and related 
products  02.07.2003 Finding of infr ingement  Infringement ceased  51-AI-02 
Prior import licence requirement for oilseeds 05.11.2004 Findi ng of infringement  Measur e still in force 117-AI-03 
Prior import licence/authorization requirement 
for the products specified in Resolution No. 
183 of the Foreign Trade and Investment Council (COMEXI) n.a. Complaint of 07.10.2004 
currently being 
processed by Court of Justice of the Andean Community Pending judgement  136-AI-04 
n.a. Not applicable. 
Source:  WTO Secretariat, on the basis of data provided by  the General Secretariat of the Andean Community. Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 133 
 
 
Table AIII.1 
Analysis of Ecuador's preferential tariffs, January 2005 
Product description  No. of lines Average 
MFN tariff 
(%) Chile 
(%) Cuba 
(%) Mexico 
(%) 
Total 6,949 11.4 2.6 11.1 10.9 
      
HS Chapters 1-24 978 16.7 6.3 16.1 15.4 
HS Chapters 25-97 5,971 10.6 2.0 10.3 10.1 
      
By WTO category      
Agricultural products  926 15.7 6.2 15.1 14.9 
Animals and animal products  107 17.4 8.0 16.0 17.4 
Dairy produce 34 34.4 33.2 34.4 34.4 
Coffee and tea, cocoa, sugar, etc. 168 17.5 6.0 16.1 16.7 
Cut flowers, plants 48 9.0 1.9 8.2 8.9 
Fruit and vegetables 212 15.8 2.5 15.6 14.9 
Cereals 33 21.5 17.5 21.5 21.5 
Oilseeds, oils and fats and products thereof 97 15.1 11.5 15.1 15.1 
Beverages and spirits 52 19.1 4.8 18.1 12.3 
Tobacco 12 16.7 1.7 15.0 14.6 
Other agricultural products n.e.s. 163 8.7 1.1 8.5 8.7 
Non-agricultural products (including petroleum) 6,023 10.8 2.1 10.5 10.2 
Non-agricultural products (excluding petroleum) 5,981 10.8 2.1 10.6 10.3 
Fish and fish products 141 18.3 3.3 18.0 14.6 
Mineral products, precious stones/metals 374 9.4 0.6 9.3 9.4 
Metals 694 9.1 1.0 8.9 9.0 
Chemicals and photographic goods 1,405 7.0 1.6 6.6 6.9 
Leather, rubber, footwear and travel goods 211 12.5 3.4 12.4 12.5 
Wood, wood pulp, paper and furniture 329 12.4 3.1 12.4 10.1 
Textiles and clothing 936 18.1 1.8 18.0 17.2 
Transport equipment 217 10.7 5.9 9.9 10.7 
Non-electrical machinery 722 7.4 1.8 7.3 6.8 
Electrical machinery 405 10.0 3.5 9.8 8.9 
Non-agricultural products n.e.s. 547 12.9 2.4 12.5 12.5 
Petroleum 42 5.2 3.8 5.2 5.2 
      
By International Standard Industrial 
Classification (ISIC) sector a      
Agriculture and fishing 394 12.1 3.3 11.6 12.0 
Mining 112 5.3 0.3 5.1 5.3 
Manufacturing  6,442 11.5 2.6 11.2 10.9 
      
By HS Chapter      
01 Live animals; animal products 271 19.1 8.9 18.4 17.7 
02 Vegetable products  369 13.5 4.0 13.3 13.2 
03 Fats and oils 61 16.6 11.8 16.6 16.6 
04 Food preparations, etc. 277 18.7 5.5 17.5 15.9 
05 Mineral products 209 5.2 1.1 5.0 5.2 
06  Products of the chemical or allied industries 1,327 6.5 1.5 5.9 6.4 
07  Plastics and rubber 294 11.6 2.7 11.6 11.6 
08  Raw hides and skins and leather 80 12.1 3.1 11.9 12.1 
09  Wood and articles of wood 102 12.6 3.2 12.6 6.8 
10  Pulp of wood, paper, etc. 204 11.6 3.3 11.6 11.3 
11  Textiles and textile articles 922 17.9 1.7 17.9 17.0 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 134 
 
 
Product description  No. of lines Average 
MFN tariff 
(%) Chile 
(%) Cuba 
(%) Mexico 
(%) 
12  Footwear and headgear, etc. 58 18.8 0.8 18.8 18.2 
13  Articles of stone 160 12.9 0.5 12.8 12.9 
14  Precious stones, etc. 57 12.2 1.3 12.2 12.2 
15  Base metals and articles of base metal  675 9.5 1.1 9.3 9.3 
16  Machinery and mechanical appliances 1,159 8.5 2.4 8.3 7.8 
17  Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated 
transport equipment 229 10.7 5.8 10.0 10.7 
18  Precision instruments  308 9.6 1.9 9.2 9.4 
19  Arms and ammunition 28 18.2 9.5 18.2 18.2 
20  Miscellaneous manufactured articles 152 18.4 2.7 17.9 16.9 
21  Works of art, etc. 7 20.0 0.0 20.0 17.1 
      
By stage of processing      
First stage of processing 809 10.3 2.3 9.9 9.6 
Semi-processed products  2,325 9.6 2.0 9.4 9.1 
Fully processed products  3,815 12.8 3.1 12.5 12.2 
a ISIC (Rev.2), other than  electricity (one line). 
Source:  WTO Secretariat estimates, on the basis of data provided by the Ecuadorian authorities. 
 Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 135 
 
 
Table AIII.2 
Licensing regime, November 2004 
Products affected (number of 10-digit 
tariff headings) Main legal basis Body(ies) responsible for granting 
licences/authorization 
Live animals; an imal products   
Live animals (30) 
Meat and edible meta offal (60) Flours, meals and pellets of fish, fit for 
human consumption (1) 
Dairy produce; eggs;  other edible 
products of animal origin (55) 
Raw hides and skins and leather (6) Law on Animal Health and its General 
Regulations 
Health Code and Regulations on Sanitary 
Registration and Control  
Law on the Production, Importation, Marketing 
and Sale of Generic Medicines for Human Use 
Internal Taxation Law Ministerial Agreement Governing the 
Importation of Superior Breeding Animals and 
Semen 
Andean Community Decisions 515 and 516  Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock 
(MAG) 
Ministry of Public Health (MSP) 
Vegetable products   
Live trees and other plants; bulbs, roots 
and the like; cut flowers and ornamental 
foliage (16) 
Edible vegetables and certain roots and 
tubers (70) 
Fruit (68) 
Coffee, tea, maté and spices(33) 
Cereals (25) Products of the milling industry; malt, 
etc. (28) 
Seeds and fruits;  industrial or medicinal 
plants; straw and fodder (68) 
Lac; gums, resins and other vegetable 
saps and extracts (15) 
Cotton (1) 
 Law on Plant Health and its Regulations 
Health Code and Regulations on Sanitary 
Registration and Control 
Law on the Production, Importation, Marketing 
and Sale of Generic Medicines for Human Use 
Law on Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances Internal Taxation Law 
Regulation on Seeds 
Andean Community Decisions 515 and 516  MAG 
a 
MSP 
 
Animal or vegetable fats and oils  (34) Law on Animal Health and its General 
Regulations  
Law on Plant Health and its Regulations 
Health Code and Regulations on Sanitary 
Registration and Control 
Law on the Production, Importation, Marketing 
and Sale of Generic Medicines for Human Use 
Internal Taxation Law Andean Community Decisions 515 and 516  MAG  
MSP 
Prepared foodstuffs; beverages, 
spirits and vinegar; tobacco   
Preparations of meat, of fish or of 
crustaceans (31) 
Sugars and sugar confectionery (24) 
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (11) 
Preparations of cereals. flour, starch or 
milk; pastry-cooks' products (20) 
Preparations of vegetables, fruit or other 
parts of plants (67) 
Miscellaneous edible preparations (31) 
Beverages, spirits and vinegar (32) 
Residues and waste from the food 
industries; prepared animal fodder (25) 
Tobacco and manufactured tobacco 
substitutes (5) Law on Animal Health and its Regulations 
Law on Plant Health and its Regulations 
Health Code and Regulations on Sanitary 
Registration and Control 
Law on the Production, Importation, Marketing 
and Sale of Generic Medicines for Human Use 
Internal Taxation Law 
Supreme Decree on the Monitoring and Control 
of the Production and Marketing of Zootechnical 
Products 
Andean Community Decisions 515 and 516  MAG 
MSP 
Table AIII.2 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 136 
 
 
Products affected (number of 10-digit 
tariff headings) Main legal basis Body(ies) responsible for granting 
licences/authorization 
Mineral products    
Salt; sulphur; earths and stones; 
plastering materials,  lime and cement 
(7) 
Mineral fuels, mineral oils; bituminous 
substances; mineral waxes (7) Health Code and Regulations on Sanitary 
Registration and Control 
Law on the Production, Importation, Marketing 
and Sale of Generic Medicines for Human Use 
Law on Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances 
Law on the Formulation, Manufacture, 
Importation, Marketing and Use of Pesticides and Related Products for Agricultural Purposes and 
Regulations Thereto 
Internal Taxation Law Andean Community Decisions 436 and 516  MSP 
b  
  
 
Products of the chemical or allied industries   
Inorganic chemicals; organic or 
inorganic compounds of precious metals 
(63) 
Organic chemicals (305) 
Pharmaceutical products (56) 
Fertilisers (29) 
Tanning or dyeing extracts; tannins and 
their derivatives; dyes, pigments and other colouring matter; paints and 
varnishes; putty and other mastics; inks 
(1) 
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery, 
toilet or cosmetic preparations (35) 
Soap and wax (9) Albuminoidal substances; modified 
starches; glues; enzymes (21) 
Miscellaneous chemical products (14) Health Code and Regulations on Sanitary 
Registration and Control 
Law on Animal Health and Special Regulation 
on Veterinary Products 
Law on the Production, Importation, Marketing 
and Sale of Generic Medicines for Human Use  
Law on the Formulation, Manufacture, 
Importation, Marketing and Use of Pesticides and 
Related Products for Agricultural Purposes and Regulations Thereto 
Law on Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances 
Law on the Manufacture, Importation, 
Exportation, Marketing and Possession of Arms, Ammunition, Explosives and Accessories 
Thereof 
Internal Taxation Law  National Regime for the Management of 
Hazardous Chemicals 
Regulations on the Impor tation, Production and 
Marketing of Fertilizers 
Andean Community Decisions 436 and 516  MSP 
c  
National Council for the Control of 
Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances 
(CONSEP) 
MAG d 
 
Radioactive chemical elements and 
radioactive isotopes (7) Law Governing the Ecuadorian Atomic Energy 
Commission 
Regulation on Radiological Safety  Ecuadorian Atomic Energy Commission 
(CEEA) 
Explosives; pyrotechnic products; 
matches; pyrophoric alloys;  certain 
combustible preparations (13) Law on the Manufacture, Importation, 
Exportation, Marketing and Possession of Arms, 
Ammunition, Explosives and Accessories Thereof and Regulations Thereto Joint Command of the Armed Forces 
Other products   
Plastics and articles thereof (4) 
Rubber and articles thereof (2) Articles of paper pulp (1) 
Ampoules (1) 
Tubular containers (1) 
Medical or surgical instruments and 
apparatus (4) 
Capsules for medicine (1) Health Code and Regulations on Sanitary 
Registration and Control 
Law on the Production, Importation, Marketing 
and Sale of Generic Medicines for Human Use 
Internal Taxation Law  Andean Community Decision 516  MSP 
Motor vehicles (15) Law on Roads and Highways and Regulations 
Thereto 
Andean Community Decision 491  Ministry of Public Works and 
Communications (MOPC) e 
 
Arms and ammunition; parts and 
accessories thereof (24) 
Warships (1) Law on the Manufacture, Importation, 
Exportation, Marketing and Possession of Arms, 
Ammunition, Explosives and Accessories 
Thereof and Regulations Thereto Joint Command of the Armed Forces 
Table AIII.2 (cont'd) Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 137 
 
 
Products affected (number of 10-digit 
tariff headings) Main legal basis Body(ies) responsible for granting 
licences/authorization 
Measuring instruments (9) Regul ation on Radiological Safety 
Law Governing the Ecuadorian Atomic Energy 
Commission CEEA 
Electric power plants generating over 
100 kilowatts Basic Electrification Law Ecuadorian Electrification Institute 
(INECEL) 
Telephone, data and telex terminal 
equipment;  modems;  integrated services digital network (ISDN) 
terminals; and mobile cellular telephone system terminals which are subject to 
type-approval and connected to a public 
or private network termination point in order to access one or more telecommunications services  Special Law on Telecommunications 
Regulation on Type-Approval of 
Telecommunications Terminal Equipment 
  Superintendency of 
Telecommunications  
.. Not available 
a Licences for some tariff headings in HS Chapter 12 are issued by the Ministry of  Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) and the 
National Council for the Control of Narcotic  and Psychotropic Substances (CONSEP). 
b Other than tariff headings 2710.1192 and 2710.11.9910, for which authorization is required from CONSEP and MAG, 
respectively. 
c Authorization is required for tariff headings 2834.2990, 2904.2 020 and 2920.9020 from the Joint Command of the Armed Forces 
and for tariff heading 2920.9010 from the Joint Comm and and the Ministry of Public Health (MSP). 
d Tariff headings 3102.2100, 3102.3000 and 3102.4000 require au thorization from MAG and the Joint Command of the Armed 
Forces. 
e Tariff heading 8710 requires authorization from the Joint Command of the Armed Forces. 
Source:  WTO Secretariat, on the basis of Resolution No. 183 of the Foreign Trade and Investment Council (COMEXI). WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 138 
 
 
Table AIII.3 
Register and index of Ecuadorian  animal health standards  
Legal instrument (date) Objective an d summary of regulation Coverage  
Supreme Decree No. 1217 
(20.07.54) Ban on the slaughter of the female stock of various species 
suitable for breeding purposes. Various domesticated species 
Agreement (22.09.64) Cooperation agreement between the government of the Republic 
of Colombia, the government of  the Republic of Ecuador and 
the Pan American Health Orga nization (PAHO) to develop a 
programme to prevent and control foot-and-mouth disease 
(FMD) in the Colombian-Ecuadorian border region. Foot-and-mouth disease 
Ministerial Agreement No. 615 
(23.04.69) Reports the existence of Venezu elan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) 
in the Ecuadorian coastal region. Horses 
Ministerial Agreement No. 277 
(08.07.70) Registration of cattle brands required for the movement of 
animals. Bovine animals 
Supreme Decree No. 380 
(02.09.70) Provides for the use of the lingual epithelia of bovine animals 
slaughtered in public and private slaughterhouses. Epithelia for the foot-and-mouth 
disease vaccine 
Executive Decree No. 186 (04.02.71) Law governing the operation of the State veterinary laboratories 
forming part of the Izquieta Pérez hygiene institute. Biological products for veterinary 
use 
Executive Decree No. 671 (24.07.72) Creation of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease C ontrol Programme.  Foot-and-mouth disease 
Ministerial Agreement No. 721 
(20.07.73) Production of the foot-and-mouth disease vaccine by the 
Izquieta Pérez Institute veterinary laboratories.  Biological products  
Executive Decree No. 111 
(25.01.74) Designates municipalities and sl aughterhouses as withholding 
agents for the 12.00-sucre tax on cut-up bovine carcasses and 
the additional five per cent tax on rural properties. Animals 
Ministerial Agreement No. 220 
(18.03.74) Regulates the control and eradication of brucellosis.  Bovine animals 
Ministerial Agreement No. 373 
(30.05.74) Establishes rules governing livestock fairs in Ecuador. All species 
Executive Decree No. 710 
(12.07.74) Sets out standards governing th e production and marketing of 
zootechnical feed products. Livestock feed inputs  
Agreement (20.09.74) Technical cooperati on agreement on the development of the 
national programme to control foot-and-mouth disease in 
Ecuador, signed by the Ministries  of Public Health (MSP) and 
of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) and the Pan American 
Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organization 
(WHO). Foot-and-mouth disease 
Agreement (24.02.75) Letter of understandi ng/agreement establishing the basis for 
cooperation between the government of the Republic of 
Ecuador, through the Ministries of Public Health (MSP) and 
Agriculture and Livestock (MAG), and the Pan American 
Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organization (WHO) with regard to the deve lopment of a zoonosis control 
programme.  Zoonoses 
Interministerial Agreement No. 
4429 (06.03.75) Regulates the establishment and operation of laboratories 
producing the inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. Biological products 
Ministerial Agreement No. 209 
(27.07.75) Regulates imports of live cattle and semen. Bovine animals and semen 
Ministerial Agreement No. 438 
(08.11.76) Regulation on the control of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV).  Poultry 
Ministerial Agreement No. 439 
(08.11.76) Regulation on the control of pullorum disease. Poultry 
Ministerial Agreement No. 105 
(04.04.78) Regulates the establishment and operation of artificial 
incubation facilities. Poultry 
Ministerial Agreement No. 173 
(26.05.78) Regulation on competitive dog shows. Dogs 
Executive Decree No. 2.879 
(19.09.78) Regulation on artificial insemi nation. Livestock products 
Ministerial Agreement No. 338 
(02.10.78) Regulation on the diagnosis and co ntrol of Equine Infectious 
Anaemia (EIA) and amendments thereto. Horses 
Interministerial Agreement No. 115 
(29.03.79) Declares a national health emergency and specifies measures to 
prevent African swine fever. Swine 
Table AIII.3 (cont'd) Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 139 
 
 
Legal instrument (date) Objective an d summary of regulation Coverage  
Agreement (09.10.80) Agreement between th e government of the Republic of Ecuador, 
the government of the Republic of Peru and the Pan American 
Health Organization (PAHO) on the prevention and control of foot-and-mouth disease in th e Ecuadorian-Peruvian border 
region. Foot-and-mouth disease 
Executive Decree No. 56 
(12.03.81) Law on Animal Health. Animals, poultry, plant products 
and by-products  
Ministerial Agreement No. 168 (09.06.83) Mandatory vaccination of poultry. Poultry 
Executive Decree No. 2.213 
(09.11.83) Special regulation on the producti on and marketing of biological 
and other chemicals for veterinary use. Biological and other chemicals for 
veterinary use 
Interministerial Agreement No. 338 (05.06.84) Establishes a plan to prevent African swine fever in member 
countries of the Cartagena Agreement. Swine and the by-products thereof 
Interministerial Agreement No. 433 
(08.08.84) Use of quarantine station laboratories by the Ministry of 
Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) and the Ministry of Public 
Health (MSP). Laboratories 
Ministerial Agreement No. 445 
(09.08.84) Establishes the quantities of antigen used for diagnoses 
permitted for import. Laboratories 
Decision No. 225 (20.06.86) Health cont rol regulation on dog shows. Dogs 
Ministerial Agreement No. 41 
(27.01.88) Organic and operational regulati ons of the National Animal 
Health Programme (PNSA). Animals 
Agreement (16.09.88) Inter-agency Cooperati on Agreement between the Ministries of 
Public Health (MSP) and of Ag riculture and Livestock (MAG) 
on the control of zoonoses in Ecuador. Zoonoses 
Decision No. 50 (11.10.88) Sets up the Quito-based  National Zoonosis Committee. Public health 
Ministerial Agreement No. 121 
(21.11.88) Regulates the dispatch of biological produc ts to the provinces. Biological products  
Executive Decree No. 228 
(23.11.88) Amends several Articles of the Special Regul ation. Product registration, establishment 
of rates  
Ministerial Agreement No. 1 (06.01.89) Sets the exit tax on domestic anim als shipped abroad. Various species 
Ministerial Agreement No. 149 
(03.05.89) Amends Article 1 of Decision No. 001. Various species 
Ministerial Agreement No. 217 
(07.06.89) Sets the rate of import duties for animals of various species, 
semen, embryos, fertile eggs and broiler-breeder chicks. Various species and poultry 
Ministerial Agreement No. 460 
(06.11.89) Regulation on the provision for anim al health diseases and the 
introduction of animals to the islands of the province of 
Galápagos. Various animal species and animal 
products  
Decision No. 3.589 (14.11.89) Provides for the us e by the Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez Institute of 
Ministry of Agriculture a nd Livestock (MAG) quarantine 
station facilities. Biological products  
Agreement (20.05.91) Letter of understanding between the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Livestock (MAG) and the Pan Am erican Health Organization 
(PAHO) on advisory services rela ting to the formulation of the 
project on quality control laborator ies for veterinary biologicals.  
Decision No. 345 (04.07.91) Sets up the Nationa l Support Committee for the Animal Health 
Laboratory Network Programme and the Project for the 
Eradication of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Ecuador, pursuant to 
Decisions 254 and 253 of the Commission of the Cartagena 
Agreement. Animals and animal products  
Ministerial Agreement No. 378 
(09.08.91) Regulates the operation of the National Foot-and-Mouth 
Disease Committee (Decision No. 255) and the laboratory 
network (Decision No. 254). Foot-and-mouth disease - 
laboratory network 
Ministerial Agreement No. 382 (13.08.91) Regulation on imports of cattle from th e Republic of Uruguay. Bovine animals 
Ministerial Agreement No. 422 
(13.09.91) Extends Ministerial Agreement No. 149 of 3 May 1989. Various species 
Ministerial Agreement No. 53 
(18.09.92) Sets the value of the bivalent foot-and-mouth disease A0 
vaccine at 750 sucres per dose. Vaccines 
Table AIII.3 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 140 
 
 
Legal instrument (date) Objective an d summary of regulation Coverage  
Ministerial Agreement No. 80 
(01.10.92) Determines that the acquisition of the foot-and-mouth disease 
vaccine is necessary and urgent. Vaccines 
Ministerial Agreement No. 93 
(21.10.92) Updates the sales prices of vacci nes and bacterins for veterinary 
use. Vaccines 
Agreement (07.01.93) Letter of understanding between the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Livestock (MAG) and the Pan Am erican Health Organization 
(PAHO) on the supply of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine with 
an oil adjuvant. Livestock inputs  
Decision No. 72 (25.02.93) Statutes of the Association of Spanish Pure-Bred Horse 
Breeders. Horses 
Ministerial Agreement No. 74 
(26.02.93) Statutes of the Guayaquil-based National Association of Paso 
Horse Breeders. Horses 
Decision No. 431 (22.07.93) Establishes the re ference price for chicken meat. Poultry 
Decision No. 453 (28.07.93) Establishes the ma ximum and minimum prices for the tariff 
adjustment mechanism for milk, e ffective as of the second half 
of 1993. Milk 
Decision No. 454 (28.07.93) Price of chicken meat. Poultry 
Ministerial Agreement No. 098 
(20.03.96) Ban on the entry of bovine and ovine animals and the products 
and by-products thereof from Great Britain. Animals 
Ministerial Agreement No. 142 
(25.04.96) Lifts the temporary suspension on imports of bovine, ovine and 
caprine animals and the products and by-products thereof from 
Southern Cone and Andean Group countries and the USA. Animals 
Ministerial Agreement No. 155 
(09.05.96) Lifts the temporary suspension on imports of bovine, ovine and 
caprine animals and the products and by-products thereof from 
Costa Rica. Animals 
Ministerial Agreement No. 183 
(23.05.96) Lifts the temporary suspension on imports of milk products 
from the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Great Britain and 
Estonia. Animals 
Ministerial Agreement No. 182 
(23.05.96) Lifts the temporary suspension on the entry of horses from 
Colombia. Horses 
Ministerial Agreement No. 181 
(23.05.96) Regulation governing imports of  chicken meat and by-products 
from third countries to protect the national poultry farming 
industry and public health. Chickens 
Decree No. 3.873 (05.06.96) Regulations of the Law on Slaughterhouses. Slaughterhouses 
Ministerial Agreement No. 207 
(19.06.96) Establishment of the National Technical Committee on 
Pesticides and Veterinary Products. Pesticides and veterinary products  
Ministerial Agreement No. 159 
(15.07.97) Declares a state of animal health emergency in the province of 
Galápagos until outbreaks of foot -and-mouth disease have been 
brought under full control. Foot-and-mouth disease 
Ministerial Agreement No. 226 
(16.06.99) Lifts the temporary suspension on the entry of horses from 
Colombia. Horses 
Ministerial Agreement No. 231 
(29.06.99) Lifts the state of animal health emergency in the province of 
Galápagos. Foot-and-mouth disease 
Ministerial Agreement No. 265 
(22.07.99) Temporary suspension on the entry of bovine, ovine, caprine 
and porcine animals and camelidae and the products and by-products thereof from Peru (repealed by Ministerial Agreement 
No. 345). Animals 
Ministerial Agreement No. 277 
(23.07.99) Ban on the entry of animals and liv estock feed from Belgium as 
a result of dioxin and/or polychlorinated biphenyl 
contamination. Animals 
Ministerial Agreement No. 276 
(23.07.99) Ban on imports of agricultural products from Peru (repealed by 
Ministerial Agreement No. 344). Agricultural products 
Ministerial Agreement No. 345 
(30.09.99) Lifts the temporary suspension under Decision No. 265-A on 
the entry of bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine animals and 
camelidae and the products and by-products thereof from Peru. Animals 
Ministerial Agreement No. 326 
(16.11.00) Regulations on cattle identification by way of numerals/letters, 
marks and brands and distinguishing features.  Animals 
Ministerial Agreement No. 009 
(04.01.01) Temporary suspension of the issue of animal health import 
permits for live bovine animals and the products and by-
products thereof from Europe. Animals 
Table AIII.3 (cont'd) Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 141 
 
 
Legal instrument (date) Objective an d summary of regulation Coverage  
Ministerial Agreement No. 021 
(22.01.01) Temporary suspension of the issue of animal health import 
permits for live bovine animals and the products and by-
products thereof from Europe. Animals 
Ministerial Agreement No. 065 
(02.03.01) Amendments to Ministerial Agreement No. 326 on cattle 
identification by way of numerals /letters, marks and brands and 
distinguishing features. Animals 
Ministerial Agreement No. 204 
(26.06.01) Classification, establishment and operation of swine farms. Swine 
Decision No. 354 (15.10.01) Decentr alization by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock 
(MAG) and the Ecuadorian Agricultural Health Service (SESA) 
of prior authorizations and phyto sanitary and zoosanitary import 
permits to the provinces of El Oro, Loja and Carchi. Decentralization of the issue of 
phytosanitary and zoosanitary 
permits  
Decision No. 0020 (14.06.02) Declaration of a foot-and-mouth disease emergency in the 
cantons of Santo Domingo and Pedro Vicente, inter alia , in the 
north-western province of Pichincha.  Animals 
Source:  General Secretariat of the Andean Community. WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 142 
 
 
Table AIII.4 
Sub-regional register of sa nitary and phytosa nitary standards;  Ecua dor:  phytosanitary  
Legal instrument Summary Coverage 
Decree No. 939 
(08.06.42) Approves the Phytosanitary Agreemen t between the Republics of Ecuador 
and Chile, signed in Quito. Orchards, fruit trees and citrus fruit 
trees 
Decree No. 473 
(19.05.51) Accession of Ecuador to the Interamerican Plant Health Convention, signed 
by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Agricultural products in general 
Decree No. 17 
(30.01.56) Accession of Ecuador to the Internat ional Plant Protection Convention, 
adopted in Rome, establishing plant quarantine measures and rules 
governing the issue of phytosanitary certificates. Agricultural products in general 
Decree No. 988 
(05.05.65) Regulates trade in coconut plants and seeds and sets out provisions to 
combat the American palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum L. Coconut plants and seeds  
Decree No. 690 
(04.08.69) Special regulation on imports of coconut plan ts and seeds. Coconut plants and seeds  
Decision No. 597 
(16.12.70) Ban on the introduction into Ecuador of coffee plants, plant parts, seeds and 
beans in the light of th e threat of coffee rust. Coffee plant products  
Decree No. 272 
(26.04.72) Ban on potato imports and provisions to combat the golden potato cyst 
nematode, Heterodera rostochiensis . Potato tubers in general 
Decree No. 52 
(14.01.74) Issues the Law on Plant Health and lays down provisions to prevent and 
combat pests and regulations govern ing imports and exports of plant 
material. Agricultural products in general 
Decision No. 0301 
(03.05.74) Provides for the mandatory fumigation of coffee beans prior to 
transportation from the southern border areas. Coffee products 
Decree No. 827 
(12.08.74) Establishes government assistance and technical-economic regulations for 
the health campaign targeting abaca. Abaca (Manila hemp) 
Decree No. 374 
(21.05.76) Law on the prevention of environmental pollution. Products in general 
Decision No. 0206 
(07.06.77) Regulations of the Law on Plant Health. General 
Decision No. 0106 
(04.04.78) Ban on imports of plants originating in  countries affected by Coffee Berry 
Disease (CBD), moths and Cacao Swollen Shoot Virus (CSSV). Coffee and cocoa products  
Decree No. 2.509 
(11.05.78) Law on Seeds. Seeds 
Decision No. 255 
(31.07.78) Replaces the text of Article 12(b) of the General Regulations of the Law on 
Plant Health. Eliminates the requirement for 
consular approval for phytosanitary 
certificates issued by exporting 
countries 
Decision No. 0306 
(15.09.78) Restricts the transport of bananas from the canton of El Carmen, Napo 
Province, owing to the presence of Moko disease in bananas.  Banana production  
Decision No. 0375 
(25.10.78) Regulations implementing the La w on Seeds. Seeds in general 
Interministerial 
Agreement No. 005 (20.12.78) Allocation of 11 per cent of air service charges to the Ministry of 
Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) to st rengthen plant, animal and wildlife 
health resources. Allocation for improving airport office 
facilities 
Decree No. 3.289 (06.03.79) Law on Agricultural Promotion and Developmen t. Allocation for improving airport office 
facilities 
Decision No. 0129 
(10.04.79) Declares a surveillance and quaran tine protection area within the 
jurisdiction of the provinces of Lo ja, El Oro and Zamora-Chinchipe. Coffee production  
Law No. 54 (27.01.81) Amends Articles 34 and 35 of the Law on Plant Health. General 
Decision No. 0346 
(28.07.81) Declares the province of Zamora-Chinchipe an emergency and plant 
quarantine area. Coffee 
Ministerial Agreement 
No. 451 (14.10.81) Issues the Regulation on the movement of plant materials and products to 
prevent the spread of coffee leaf  rust and the coffee berry borer. Coffee 
Table AIII.4 (cont'd) Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 143 
 
 
Legal instrument Summary Coverage 
Decision No. 0240 
(26.07.82) Provides that the Director of the National Plant Health Programme is 
responsible for drawing up the list of countries to which the ban on imports 
of plant material for propagation and consumption applies. Plant products 
Decree No. 2.331 
(28.12.83) Regulation governing the formulation,  manufacture, importation, marketing 
and use of pesticides and related products for agricultural purposes. Agricultural chemicals 
Decision No. 0242 
(03.07.85) Ban on the registration of chlorinated, mercurial, arsenical and lead-based 
pesticides, in view of their adverse effects on health and contribution to 
environmental pollution. Chemicals and pesticides 
Decision No. 199 
(02.06.86) Creation of the Guayaquil-based Inte r-Agency Technical Committee on the 
control, prevention and elimination of coffee leaf rust and the coffee berry 
borer. Coffee 
Decision No. 200 
(12.06.86) Creation of the Guayaquil-based In ter-institutional Technical Committee on 
the control, prevention and elimination of black sigatoka disease in banana 
and plantain. Bananas and plantains 
Decision No. 229 
(22.06.87) Declares the province of Esmeraldas  a protection and surveillance area 
owing to the presence of black sigato ka disease in banana and plantain. Bananas and plantains 
Decision No. 125 
(12.04.88) Regulation on the importation and exportation of ornamental crops. Imports and exports of cut flowers 
Decision No. 269 
(13.07.89) Declares the provinces of Sucumbio s, Napo and Pichincha a coffee berry 
borer quarantine area. Coffee trees 
Decision No. 307 
(04.08.89) Ban on the introduction or importation of coffee infested with the coffee 
berry borer from countries affected by this pest (Peru). Coffee 
Ministerial Agreement 
No. 111 (21.02.90) Certification process for quinua seeds. Quinua 
Decision No. 0121 
(06.03.90) Declares the southern region of the province of Manabí a phytosanitary 
emergency area. Coffee plant products  
Decree No. 73 
(17.05.90) Law on the formulation, manufacture, importation, marketing and use of 
pesticides and related products for agricultural purposes. Agricultural chemicals 
Decision No. 0599 
(07.11.90) Issues the Organic and Operational Regulations governing the National 
Plant Health Programme of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock 
(MAG). Organic and operational regulations 
Decision No. 0419 
(11.09.91) Cancels the registration of the nemati cide Aldicarb - Temik (10 and 15 per 
cent) and prohibits the importation and marketing thereof. Nematicide chemicals  
Decision No. 0060 
(29.01.92) Establishes the National Technical Co mmittee on the Fruit Fly. Fruit trees 
Decree No. 147 
(23.03.92) Law on the Facilitation of Exports and Waterborne Transpor t. Plant products 
Decree No. 3.431 
(12.06.92) Export facility regula tion. Plant products 
Decision No. 014 
(15.03.93) Establishes health requirements and guidelines for the importation of the 
products and by-products of 122 crops. Plant products 
Decree No. 939 
(12.07.93) General Regulation on Pesticides. Agricultural chemicals 
Decision No. 095 
(07.03.95) Plant Quarantine Manual. Plant products 
Ministerial Agreement 
No. 0095 (07.03.95) Manual of phytosanitary requirements for the introduction into Ecuador of 
seeds, plants, plant products and by-p roducts and beneficial organisms for 
biological pest control of plant diseases. Plant products 
Ministerial Agreement 
No. 121 (17.04.96) Amends the Organic and Operational Regulations governing the Ecuadorian 
Agricultural Health Service (SESA). Agricultural products 
Ministerial Agreement 
No. 184 (23.05.96) Lifts the temporary restriction on imports of fresh fruit from the States of 
California and Florida, USA. Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis  
Ministerial Agreement 
No. 209 (21.06.96) Lifts the temporary restriction on imports of fresh fruit from the States of 
California and Florida, USA. Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis  
Table AIII.4 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 144 
 
 
Legal instrument Summary Coverage 
Ministerial Agreement 
No. 251 (18.07.96) Establishes charges, applied as a perc entage of the minimum living wage, to 
finance plant health and protection campaigns. Plant health 
Ministerial Agreement 
No. 034 (28.01.97) Temporary ban on imports from Peru of asparagus intended for plant 
propagation, consumption or industrial use. Asparagus rust ( Puccinia asparagi ) 
Ministerial Agreement 
No. 157 (15.07.97) Notifies the Guatemalan potato tuber mo th as present in the province of 
Carchi and as a national pest, and d eclares a phytosanitary emergency in 
this province.  Restricts the introduction into Ecuador of seed potato from Colombia for consumption and industrial use. Guatemalan potato tuber moth,  Tecia 
solanivora Povolny  
Executive Decree No. 
189 (30.09.98) Issues the Regulation of the Law on Plant Health and repeals Decision No. 
206 of 07.06.77. Plant health 
Ministerial Agreement 
No. 336 (17.09.99) Provides for strict control by the Ecuadorian Agricultural Health Service 
(SESA) of boxes of bananas for export. Mealybug,  Dysmicoccus bispinosa , 
Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis 
capitata , and Khapra beetle,  
Trogoderma granarium  
Ministerial Agreement 
No. 344 (30.09.99) Lifts the ban imposed pursuant to Ministerial Agreement No. 276 on 
imports of agricultural products and fish meal from Peru. Agricultural products 
Ministerial Agreement 
No. 354 (24.10.01) Authorizes the Ecuadorian Agricultura l Health Service (SESA) to issue 
sanitary and phytosanitary import permits. Health 
Source:  General Secretariat of the Andean Community. 
 Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 145 
 
 
Table AIV.1 
Summary of specific commitments under the GATS  
   Market access National treatment 
 Modes of supply:          
  Cross-border supply  1    1    
  Consumption abroad   2    2   
  Commercial presence    3    3  
  Presence of natural persons    4    4 
Commitments (■ full;  ◨ partial;  □ no commitment;  - does not appear in the Schedule) 
         
1. Business services          
 A.  Professional services          
  (a) Legal services (only advisory services in foreign 
legislation and intern ational legislation) ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
  (b) Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
  (c) Taxation services  □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
  (d) and (g) Architectural services, including urban 
planning and landscape architectural services ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
  (e) Engineering services  ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 B. Computer and related services          
 (a) Consultancy services related to the installation 
of computer hardware  □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
 (b) Software implementation services □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
 (c) Data processing services □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
 (d) Database services □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
 (e) Airline computer reservation systems ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 C. Research and development services  − − − − − − − − 
 D. Real estate services − − − − − − − − 
 E. Rental/leasing services without operator         
 (a) Rental/leasing of cars and vessels without 
operator  □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
 F. Other business services          
 (c) Management consulting services ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 (d) Services related to management consulting ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 (h) Services incidental to mining □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
 (m) Related scientific and technical consulting 
services          
 - Study and evaluation of hydrocarbon 
deposits □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
 - Production control and analysis  □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
 - Improved recovery of hydrocarbons □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
2. Communication services          
 A. Postal services − − − − − − − − 
 B. Courier services − − − − − − − − 
 C. Telecommunication services         
 (h) Electronic mail ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 (i) Voice mail ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 (j) On-line information and database retrieval ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
  (k) Electronic data interchange (EDI) ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
  (l) Enhanced/value-added facsimile services ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
Table AIV.1 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/148 Trade Policy Review 
Page 146 
 
 
   Market access National treatment 
 Modes of supply:          
  Cross-border supply  1    1    
  Consumption abroad   2    2   
  Commercial presence    3    3  
  Presence of natural persons    4    4 
  (m) Code and protoc ol conversion (n.a.) ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
  (n) On-line information and/or data processing  ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
  (o) Other ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
   Cellular mobile telephone services  
   (limited to services provided by land-lines) □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
 D. Audiovisual services  − − − − − − − − 
 E. Other − − − − − − − − 
3. Construction and related engineering services          
 A. General construction work for buildings − − − − − − − − 
 B. General construction work for civil engineering − − − − − − − − 
 C. Installation and assembly work − − − − − − − − 
 D. Building completion and finishing work − − − − − − − − 
 E .  O t h e r          
  (e) Site preparation work for mining  ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
4. Distribution services          
 A. Commission agents' services − − − − − − − − 
 B. Wholesale trade services □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
 C. Retail trade services − − − − − − − − 
 D. Franchising − − − − − − − − 
 E. Other − − − − − − − − 
5. Educational services − − − − − − − − 
6. Environmental services          
 A. Sewage services ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 B. Refuse disposal services ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 C. Sanitation and similar services ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 D. Other         
  (a) Cleaning services of exhaust gases;  Noise 
abatement services; Nature and landscape protection services;  Other ■ ■ ■ 
◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
7. Financial services         
 A.  All insurance and insurance -related services         
 1. Insurance of risks relating to land or maritime transport 
and commercial aviation, covering vehicles, goods and 
liability arising therefrom,  and insurance of risks 
relating to goods in international transit □ □ ◨ ◨ □ □ ◨ ◨ 
 2. Reinsurance and retrocession □ □ ◨ ◨ □ □ ◨ ◨ 
 3. Direct insurance (including co-insurance) 
  (i) life 
 (ii) non-life (accident and health insurance services; 
freight insurance services; fire and other 
property damage insurance services; pecuniary loss insurance services; general liability insurance services) □ □ 
◨ ◨ □ □ ◨ ◨ 
 4. Insurance intermediation activities: brokerage and 
agency services □ □ ◨ ◨ □ □ ◨ ◨ 
 5. Services auxiliary to insu rance: consultancy, actuarial, 
risk assessment and claim settlement services  □ □ ◨ ◨ □ □ ◨ ◨ 
Table AIV.1 (cont'd) Ecuador WT/TPR/S/148 
 Page 147 
 
 
   Market access National treatment 
 Modes of supply:          
  Cross-border supply  1    1    
  Consumption abroad   2    2   
  Commercial presence    3    3  
  Presence of natural persons    4    4 
B. Banking and other financial services         
 (a)-(l), except: 
 (g) Participation in issues of  all kinds of securities, incl. 
underwriting and placement as agent (whether publicly 
or privately) and provision of services related to such 
issues 
 (h) Money broking ■ ■ ◨ ◨ ■ ■ ◨ ◨ 
C. Other − − − − − − − − 
8. Health-related and social services         
 A. Hospital services ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 B. Other human health services − − − − − − − − 
 C. Social services  − − − − − − − − 
 D. Other − − − − − − − − 
9. Tourism and travel-related services          
 A. Hotels and restaurants ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 B. Travel agency and tour operator services ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 C. Tourist guide services − − − − − − − − 
 D. Other − − − − − − − − 
10. Recreational, cultural and sporting services          
 A. Entertainment services (including theatre, live bands 
and circus services) ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 B. News agency services − − − − − − − − 
 C. Library, archive, museum and other cultural services ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 D. Sporting and other recreational services ■ ■ ■ ◨ ■ ■ ■ ◨ 
 E. Other − − − − − − − − 
11. Transport services         
 A. Maritime transport services − − − − − − − − 
 B. Internal waterways transport services − − − − − − − − 
 C. Air transport services         
   (d) Maintenance and repair of aircraft □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
 D. Space transport − − − − − − − − 
 E. Rail transport services  − − − − − − − − 
 F. Road transport services          
  (a) Passenger transportation □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
  (b) Freight transportation □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
  (c) Rental of commercial vehicles with operator □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
 G. Pipeline transport services  − − − − − − − − 
 H. Auxiliary services (only for maritime transport)         
  (a) Cargo-handling services □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
  (b) Storage and warehouse services □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
  (c) Freight transport agency services □ ■ ■ ◨ □ ■ ■ ◨ 
 I. Other transport services  − − − − − − − − 
12. Other services − − − − − − − − 
Source:  WTO Secretariat. 
__________