WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  G/AG/N/USA/65 
21 November 2008 
 (08-5681) 
Committee on Agriculture Original:   English 
  
 
NOTIFICATION  
 
  The following submission, dated 17 November 2008,  is being circulated at the request of the 
Delegation of the United States .  The notification concerns actions taken within the framework of the 
Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on 
Least-Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries ( Table NF:1 ) during the fiscal years 
2004 , 2005  and 2006 . 
 G/AG/N/USA/65 
Page 2  
 
  Table NF:1 
 
NOTIFICATION UNDER ARTICLE 16:2 OF THE AGREEMENT: MONITORING OF THE 
FOLLOW-UP TO THE DECISION ON ME ASURES CONCERNING THE POSSIBLE 
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE REFORM PROGRAM ON LEAST-DEVELOPED AND NET 
FOOD-IMPORTING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: 
United States of America 
 
REPORTING PERIOD: 
1 October 2003 – 30 September 2004 
 
 
(1) Quantity of food aid provided to least-developed and net food-importing developing countries
1: 
 
 Tonnage   Product  
 
 63,000 Beans  1,000 Buckwheat  83,100 Bulgur  207,400 Corn 
 141,800 Cornmeal 
 195,100 Corn-Soy Blend  100 Corn-Soy Milk  42,000 Lentils  30,500 Non-fat Dry Milk 
 80,900 Peas 
 200 Potatoes  200 Raisins  96,800 Rice  259,700 Sorghum  500 Soy Flour 
 23,900 Soy-fortified (S.F.) Bulgur 
 29,400 S.F. Cornmeal  1,200 S.F. Sorghum Grits   1,900 Soy Protein Products  15,000 Soybean Meal 
 11,000 Soybeans 
 178,700 Vegetable Oil  1,247,600 Wheat  39,200 Wheat Flour  9,800
 Wheat Soy Blend 
 Total  2,760,000 tonnes 
 
                                                     
 
1 Includes some regional groups, within which is a least-developed or net food-importing country.  G/AG/N/USA/65 
 Page 3 
 
 
  (2) Indication of the proportion in fully grant form or appropriate concessional terms2:  
 
 The aid listed above was provided under the P.L. 480, Food for Progress, Section 416(b), and 
Food for Education programs.  The allocations to the various food aid programs were as follows: 
 
 171,100 tonnes Title I Trade and Devel opment Assistance through governments; 
 45,800 tonnes Food for Education through Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs), 
WFP, cooperatives, intergovernmental  organizations, and governments; 
 2,330,000 tonnes Title II Emergency throu gh PVOs, World Food Program (WFP), and 
governments; Title I Developmen t Assistance through PVOs, 
cooperatives, and intergovernmental; 
 182,000 tonnes Food for Progress grants thr ough PVOs, WFP, and governments;  and  
 30,400 tonnes Section 416(b) grants thr ough governments, PVOs, cooperatives, and 
intergovernmental organizations. 
 Total
3 2,759,300 tonnes 
 
 Title I aid is provided in fully grant form or on long-term concessional terms in accordance 
with Food Aid Convention guidelines.  Aid under F ood for Education, Title II, Title III, Food for 
Progress and Section 416(b) Programs is provided in fully grant form.  
 (3) Technical and financial assistance under paragraph 3(iii) of the Decision: 
 
 The principal source of US financial assistance and funding for technical assistance for developing countries is the US Agency for In ternational Development (USAID) within the 
Department of State.  All of the figures reported below represent budgetary obligations or estimates 
for the reporting period: 
 USAID Global Assistance to Agriculture  Not Allocated to Specific Countries
: 
 
Total  $38,200,000 
 (Includes expenditures on crop production, livestock pr oduction, resource management, infrastructure, 
policies and planning, training and extension, and agribusiness credit) 
  Some USAID funds are used to support agricu ltural technical assistan ce to least-developed 
and net food-importing developing countries by other US Government agencies, including the 
International Cooperation and De velopment (ICD) Program area of USDA's Foreign Agricultural 
Service.  For example, ICD provides technical assistance and training programs focused on: agricultural policy formulation; marketing; agribusiness development; enhancing sanitary/phytosanitary capacity;  promotion of inter-re gional and international trade; development of 
market news and statistical systems;  famine  early warning and mitigation; grasshopper/locust 
eradication efforts; and natural resource mana gement.  The funding for these agencies' programs 
comes primarily from USAID and is included in the figures above. 
 US Department of Agriculture Programs
 
 
Total, Cochran Fellowship Program $4,000,000 
 
                                                      
2 Further food aid information is available at the following web sites: 
http://www.fas.usda.gov/excr edits/FoodAid/Repor ts/reports.html and http://www. fas.usda.gov/food-aid.asp. 
3 Any difference with Section (1) total is due to rounding error. G/AG/N/USA/65 
Page 4  
 
   The USDA Foreign Agricultural Service's ICD program area administers the Cochran 
Fellowship Program, which provides short-term training in the United States designed to assist participating countries to develop agricultural sy stems necessary to meet the food needs of their 
populations.    Total, Emerging Markets Program $10,000,000 
 
 The Emerging Markets Program was authorized by the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990, as amended.  The legislation calls for $10 million in funding per year to assist 
public and private organizations in providing techni cal assistance to promote market development, 
improve market access, or assist in the development of emerging market economies.  
 
US Contributions to Multilateral Organizations with an Agricultural Emphasis
 
 International Development Association $907,812,000 UN Development Program $101,398,000 
World Food Program $ 13,700,000 
International Fund for Agricultural Development $14,915,518 International Institute for C ooperation on Agriculture $16,560,000 
Food and Agriculture Organization $72,457,000 Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research $25,900,000 African Development Bank Group $117,135,000 
Asia Development Bank Group $143,569,000 
Inter-American Development Bank Group $24,853,000
 
 
Total  $1,438,299,518 
 Peace Corps Funds to Support Agricultural Volunteers
 
 Least-Developed Countries $ 2,800,800 NFIDCs $ 1,496,300
 
 
Total  $4,297,100 
 
 Additional development programs in least -developed and net f ood-importing developing 
countries are provided by the US Peace Corps.  The Peace Corps sponsors volunteers who provided technical assistance to: produce agricultural pro ducts and by-products; increase agricultural 
productivity; safely use agricultural chemicals; and process, store or market agricultural goods and 
by-products. 
 Value of Food Assistance Used in Development Programs
 
 
Total  $561,594,855 
 
 This figure represents the U.S. value of th e commodities donated under either Title II, Food 
for Progress, Section 416(b), or Food for Education food aid programs that were monetized.  When 
food aid is monetized, or sold locally, it produces funds that may be used for local agricultural 
development programs and to cover local administ rative costs for the program.  Typically, the 
proceeds are used for water management or i rrigation programs, farm credit, agricultural 
infrastructure, health programs, or to purchase local  foods that will provide a nutritionally complete 
diet to recipients.    G/AG/N/USA/65 
 Page 5 
 
 
   The total includes $284 million of Title II funds.  In fiscal year 2004, 70 per cent of Title II 
development programs were in least-developed (LDC) and net food-importing developing countries 
(NFIDC).  
(4) Other relevant information with respect to actions taken within the framework of the 
Decision: 
 
 WTO developing countries, least-developed c ountries and net food- importing developing 
countries had access to the following US Governme nt officially-supported export credit guarantee 
programs.  Figures include GSM-102, GSM-103 and Supplier Credit Guarantee Program. 
 
   A v a i l a b l e
  Applications  
Total   $6,312,000,000  $3,716,550,000 G/AG/N/USA/65 
Page 6  
 
  Table NF:1 
 
NOTIFICATION UNDER ARTICLE 16:2 OF THE AGREEMENT: MONITORING OF THE 
FOLLOW-UP TO THE DECISION ON ME ASURES CONCERNING THE POSSIBLE 
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE REFORM PROGRAM ON LEAST-DEVELOPED AND NET 
FOOD-IMPORTING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: 
United States of America 
 
REPORTING PERIOD: 
1 October 2004 – 30 September 2005 
 
 
(1) Quantity of food aid provided to least-dev eloped and net food-impor ting developing countries
4: 
 Tonnage   Product  
 
 600 Barley 
 30,400 Beans  1,000 Buckwheat  76,600 Bulgur  142,300 Corn  117,300 Cornmeal 
 184,300 Corn-Soy Blend 
 3,600 Corn-Soy Milk  106,100 Lentils  12,000 Non-fat Dry Milk  118,100 Peas 
 300 Potatoes 
 89,100 Rice  100 Salmon  392,200 Sorghum  100 Soy Flour  25,500 Soy-fortified (S.F.) Bulgur 
 21,700 S.F. Cornmeal 
 2,000 S.F. Sorghum Grits  1,500 Soy Protein Products  4,000 Soybean Meal  55,100 Soybeans 
 226,100 Vegetable Oil 
 1,935,500 Wheat  30,200 Wheat Flour  17,300
 Wheat Soy Blend 
 
Total  3,593,000 tonnes 
  
                                                      
4 Includes some regional groups, within which is a least-developed or net food-importing developing 
country.  G/AG/N/USA/65 
 Page 7 
 
 
  (2) Indication of the proportion in fully grant form or appropriate concessional terms5:  
 
 The aid listed above was provided under the P.L. 480, Food for Progress, Section 416(b), and 
Food for Education programs.  The allocations to the various food aid programs were as follows: 
 
 62,500 tonnes Title I Trade and Devel opment Assistance through governments; 
 55,000 tonnes Food for Education through Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs), 
World Food Program (WFP), cooperatives, intergovernmental organizations, and governments; 
 3,131,500 tonnes Title II Emergency throu gh PVOs, WFP, and governments; Title I 
Development Assistance through PVOs, cooperatives, and 
intergovernmental organizations; 
 332,000 tonnes Food for Progress grants thr ough PVOs, WFP, and governments;  and  
  11,500 tonnes Section 416(b) grants th rough governments, PVOs, cooperatives, and 
intergovernmental organizations. 
  
Total
6 3,593,000 tonnes 
 
 Title I aid is provided in fully grant form or on long-term concessional terms in accordance 
with Food Aid Convention guidelines.  Aid under F ood for Education, Title II, Title III, Food for 
Progress and Section 416(b) Programs is provided in fully grant form.  (3) Technical and financial assistance under paragraph 3(iii) of the Decision: 
 
 The principal source of U.S. financial assistance and funding for technical assistance for developing countries is the U.S. Agency for In ternational Development (USAID) within the 
Department of State.  All of the figures reported below represent budgetary obligations or estimates 
for the reporting period:  USAID Global Assistance to Agriculture  Not Allocated to Specific Countries
: 
 
Total  $59,000,000 
 
(Includes expenditures on crop production, livestock pr oduction, resource management, infrastructure, 
policies and planning, training and extension, and agribusiness credit) 
  Some USAID funds are used to support agricu ltural technical assistan ce to least-developed 
and net food-importing developing countries by ot her U.S. Government agencies, including the 
International Cooperation and De velopment (ICD) Program area of USDA’s Foreign Agricultural 
Service.  For example, ICD provides technical assistance and training programs focused on: agricultural policy formulation; marketing; agribusiness development; enhancing sanitary/phytosanitary capacity; promotion of inter-reg ional and international trade; development of 
market news and statistical systems; famine early warning and mitigation; grasshopper/locust 
eradication efforts; and natural resource manage ment.  The funding for these agencies’ programs 
comes primarily from USAID and is included in the figures above.  U.S. Department of Agriculture Programs
 
 Total, Cochran Fellowship Program $4,000,000 
                                                     
 
5 Further food aid information is available at the following web sites: 
http://www.fas.usda.gov/excr edits/FoodAid/Repor ts/reports.html and http://www. fas.usda.gov/food-aid.asp. 
6 Any difference with Section (1) total is due to rounding error. G/AG/N/USA/65 
Page 8  
 
   
 The USDA Foreign Agricultural Service's ICD program area administers the Cochran 
Fellowship Program, which provides short-term training in the United States designed to assist participating countries to develop agricultural sy stems necessary to meet the food needs of their 
populations.   
 
Total, Emerging Markets Program $10,000,000 
 
 The Emerging Markets Program was authorized by the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, as amended.  The legislation calls for $10 million in funding per year to assist 
public and private organizations in providing techni cal assistance to promote market development, 
improve market access, or assist in the development of emerging market economies.  
 
U.S. Contributions to Multilateral Organizations with an Agricultural Emphasis
 
 International Development Association $843,200,000 
UN Development Program $108,128,000 
World Food Program $20,068,215 International Fund for Agricultural Development $14,880,000 International Institute for C ooperation on Agriculture $15,560,000 
Food and Agriculture Organization $84,901,330 Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research $54,800,000 
African Development Bank Group $109,300,000 
Asia Development Bank Group $99,200,000 Inter-American Development Bank Group $10,900,000
 
 
Total  $1,360,937,545 
 
Peace Corps Funds to Support Agricultural Volunteers  
 Least Developed Countries $7,471,200 NFIDCs $674,100  Total  $8,145,300 
 
 Additional development programs in least developed and net f ood-importing developing 
countries are provided by the U.S. Peace Corps.  The Peace Corps sponsors volunteers who provided technical assistance to: produce agricultural pro ducts and by-products; increase agricultural 
productivity; safely use agricultural chemicals; and process, store or market agricultural goods and 
by-products.  Value of Food Assistance Used in Development Programs
 
 Total  $243,831,814 
 
 This figure represents the U.S. value of th e commodities donated under either Title II, Food 
for Progress, Section 416(b) or Food for Education food aid programs that were monetized.  When food aid is monetized, or sold locally, it produces funds that may be used for local agricultural 
development programs and to cover local administ rative costs for the program.  Typically, the 
proceeds are used for water management or i rrigation programs, farm credit, agricultural 
infrastructure, health programs, or to purchase local  foods that will provide a nutritionally complete 
diet to recipients.    G/AG/N/USA/65 
 Page 9 
 
 
   The total includes $110 million of Title II funds.  In fiscal year 2005, 67 per cent of Title II 
development programs were in least-developed (LDC) and net food-importing developing countries 
(NFIDC).  
(4) Other relevant information with respect to actions taken within the framework of the 
Decision:  
 
 WTO developing countries, least-developed c ountries and net food- importing developing 
countries had access to the following U.S. Governme nt officially supported export credit guarantee 
programs. Figures include GSM-102, GSM-103 and Supplier Credit Guarantee Program. 
 
   A v a i l a b l e
   Applications  
Total    $6,101,500,000   $2,624,520,000 
 G/AG/N/USA/65 
Page 10  
 
  Table NF:1 
 
NOTIFICATION UNDER ARTICLE 16:2 OF THE AGREEMENT: MONITORING OF THE 
FOLLOW-UP TO THE DECISION ON ME ASURES CONCERNING THE POSSIBLE 
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE REFORM PROGRAM ON LEAST-DEVELOPED AND NET 
FOOD-IMPORTING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: 
United States of America 
 
REPORTING PERIOD: 
1 October 2005 – 30 September 2006 
  
(1) Quantity of food aid provided to least-dev eloped and net food-impor ting developing countries
7: 
 
 Tonnage   Product  
 
 200 Barley  20,200 Beans  120,100 Bulgur  86,500 Corn  110,000 Cornmeal 
 130,800 Corn-Soy Blend 
 72,900 Lentils  5,500 Non-fat dry milk  100,700 Peas  200 Potatoes 
 64,700 Rice 
 1,000 Salmon  22,700 Soy-fortified (S.F.) Bulgur  11,600 S.F. Cornmeal  800 S.F. Sorghum Grits  481,200 Sorghum 
 200 Soy Flour 
 300 Soy Protein Products  106,300 Soybean Meal  188,400 Vegetable Oil   996,300 Wheat 
 21,900 Wheat Flour 
 5,000
 Wheat Soy Blend 
 
Total  2,547,500 tonnes 
  
                                                      
7 Includes some regional groups, within which is a least-developed or net food-importing developing 
country.  G/AG/N/USA/65 
 Page 11 
 
 
  (2) Indication of the proportion in fully grant form or appropriate concessional terms8:  
 
 The aid listed above was provided under the P.L. 480, Food for Progress, Section 416(b), and 
Food for Education programs.  The allocations to the various food aid programs were as follows: 
 
 140,400 tonnes Title I Trade and Devel opment Assistance through governments; 
 60,900 tonnes Food for Education through Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs), 
WFP, cooperatives, intergovernmental  organizations, and governments; 
 2,083,500 tonnes Title II Emergency throu gh PVOs, World Food Program (WFP), and 
governments; Title I Developmen t Assistance through PVOs, 
cooperatives, and intergov ernmental organizations; 
 258,000 tonnes Food for Progress through PVOs, WFP, and governments;  and  
 4,500 tonnes Section 416(b) through  governments, PVOs, cooperatives and 
intergovernmental organizations. 
 Total
9 2,547,300 tonnes 
  
 Title I aid is provided in fully grant form or on long-term concessional terms in accordance 
with Food Aid Convention guidelines.  Aid under F ood for Education, Title II, Title III, Food for 
Progress and Section 416(b) Programs is provided in fully grant form. 
 
(3) Technical and financial assistance under paragraph 3(iii) of the Decision:  
 The principal source of U.S. financial assistance and funding for technical assistance for developing countries is the U.S. Agency for In ternational Development (USAID) within the 
Department of State.  All of the figures reported below represent budgetary obligations or estimates 
for the reporting period: 
 USAID Global Assistance to Agriculture  Not Allocated to Specific Countries
: 
 
Total  $53,000,000 
 (Includes expenditures on crop production, livestock pr oduction, resource management, infrastructure, 
policies and planning, training and extension, and agribusiness credit) 
  Some USAID funds are used to support agricu ltural technical assistance to least developed 
and net food-importing developing countries by ot her U.S. Government agencies, including the 
International Cooperation and De velopment (ICD) Program area of USDA's Foreign Agricultural 
Service.  For example, ICD provides technical assistance and training programs focused on: agricultural policy formulation; marketing; agribusiness development; enhancing sanitary/phytosanitary capacity; promotion of inter-reg ional and international trade; development of 
market news and statistical systems; famine early warning and mitigation; grasshopper/locust 
eradication efforts; and natural resource manage ment.  The funding for these agencies’ programs 
comes primarily from USAID and is included in the figures above. 
 U.S. Department of Agriculture Programs
 
 
Total, Cochran Fellowship Program $4,000,000 
 
                                                      
8 Further food aid information is available at the following web sites: 
http://www.fas.usda.gov/excr edits/FoodAid/Repor ts/reports.html and http://www. fas.usda.gov/food-aid.asp. 
9 Any difference with Section (1) total is due to rounding error. G/AG/N/USA/65 
Page 12  
 
   The USDA Foreign Agricultural Service admi nisters the Cochran Fellowship Program, which 
provides short-term training in the United States d esigned to assist participating countries to develop 
agricultural systems necessary to meet the food needs of their populations.    
Total, Emerging Markets Program $10,000,000 
  The Emerging Markets Program was authorized by the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990, as amended. The legislation ca lls for $10 million in funding per year to assist 
public and private organizations in providing techni cal assistance to promote market development, 
improve market access, or assist in the development of emerging market economies.   
U.S. Contributions to Multilateral Organizations with an Agricultural Emphasis
 
 International Development Association  $909,100,000 UN Development Program  $108,900,000 World Food Program   $16,450,000 
International Fund for Agricultural Development    $14,850,000 
International Institute for Cooperati on on Agriculture    $16,600,000 
Food and Agriculture Organization    $65,443,500 Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research $60,700,000 African Development Bank Group   $137,900,000 Asia Development Bank Group     $99,000,000 
Inter-American Development Bank Group     $3,400,000
 
 
Total  $1,432,343,500 
 
Peace Corps Funds to Support Agricultural Volunteers  
 
Least Developed Countries      $8,196,500 NFIDCs      $577,900 
 
Total  $8,774,400 
  Additional development programs in least developed and net f ood-importing developing 
countries are provided by the U.S. Peace Corps.  The Peace Corps sponsors volunteers who provided technical assistance to: produce agricultural pro ducts and by-products; increase agricultural 
productivity; safely use agricultural chemicals; and process, store or market agricultural goods and 
by-products. 
 
Value of Food Assistance Used in Development Programs
 
 
Total  $225,261,032 
  This figure represents the U.S. value of the commodities donated under Title I, Title II, Food 
for Progress, or Food for Education food aid programs that were monetized.  When food aid is monetized, or sold locally, it produces funds that may be used for local agricultural development 
programs and to cover local administrative costs fo r the program.  Typically, the proceeds are used for 
water management or irrigation prog rams, farm credit, agricultural infr astructure, health programs, or 
to purchase local foods that will provide a nutritionally complete diet to recipients.  
 
 The total includes $116 million of Title II funds.   In fiscal year 2006, 65 percent of Title II development programs were in least-developed (LDC) and net food-importing developing countries 
(NFIDC).  G/AG/N/USA/65 
 Page 13 
 
 
   (4) Other relevant information with respect to actions taken within the framework of the 
Decision:  
 
 WTO developing countries, least develope d countries and net food-importing developing 
countries had access to the following U.S. Governme nt officially supported export credit guarantee 
programs. Figures include GSM-102, GSM-103 and Supplier Credit Guarantee Program. 
    A v a i l a b l e
   Applications  
Total    $3,840,000,000   $1,363,300,000 
 
 
__________