WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
21 November 2005 
 
 (05-5537) 
General Council 
1-2 December 2005  
 
         
 
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ASPECTS OF THE 
COTTON-RELATED DECISIONS IN THE JULY PACKAGE 
 
Second Periodic Report by the Director-General  
 
Contributions by Proponents, Bilateral Donor Members, and  
Multilateral/Regional Agencies  
 
Addendum  
 
     
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
Page
  
I.
 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... ..2 
II. PROPONENT MEMBERS ......................................................................................................2  
III. BILATERAL DONOR PARTNERS .......................................................................................4  
A. CANADA......................................................................................................................... ...........4  
B. EUROPEAN  COMMISSION .....................................................................................................4  
C. JAPAN .......................................................................................................................... ..............9  
D. UNITED  STATES.....................................................................................................................12  
IV. MULTILATERAL AGENCIES ............................................................................................18  
BRETTON WOODS INSTITUTIONS ............................................................................................................18  
(A) IMF............................................................................................................................ ................18  
(B) WORLD BANK..................................................................................................................... ...22 
C. COMMON  FUND  FOR  COMMODITIES ...............................................................................24  
D. FAO............................................................................................................................ ...............24  
E. ICAC ........................................................................................................................... ..............27  
F. ITC  AND  JITAP........................................................................................................................28  
G. UNCTAD ......................................................................................................................... .........29  This document has been prepa red under the Secretariat's own 
responsibility and without prejudice to the positions of Members 
and to their rights and obligations under the WTO WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 2  
 
 H.
 UNIDO.......................................................................................................................... ............30  
V. REGIONAL AGENCIES .......................................................................................................44  
A. AFRICAN  DEVELOPMENT  BANK.......................................................................................44  
VI. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN TH E CONSULTATIVE PROCESS .................................60  
 
 
 I. INTRODUCTION 
1. This document contains the verbatim contributions
1 by cotton proponent countries, bilateral 
donor Members and multilateral/regional agencies and in stitutions.  These written contributions were 
presented in the Consultative Framework Process esta blished by the WTO Director-General for the 
implementation of the 2004 July Framework Deci sion on the Development Assistance Aspects of 
Cotton.  The summary of the contributions in this compilation has been includ ed in the report by the 
Director-General contained in document WT/GC/97. 
II. PROPONENT MEMBERS 
Statement by Minister Maïga (Mali) on Behalf of the Cotton Proponents  
 
2. The proponents of the Sectoral Initiative on Co tton made a statement at the WTO General 
Council on 19 October 2005, under item 1 "Report by the Chairman of the TNC". 
3. The statement was made by Minister Maïga (Mali)  on behalf of the proponents.  The relevant 
extract on the "development assistance aspects" is quoted hereunder: 
4. "We would also like to recall that the Fram ework Agreement adopted by the WTO General 
Council at the end of July 2004, in addressing the development of the Sectoral Initiative on Cotton, 
recommended the mobilization of technical and financ ial assistance to support th e cotton sector in the 
African cotton producing countries in conformity w ith the conclusions of the WTO Regional Workshop 
on Cotton held in Cotonou on 23 and 24 March 2004.  On behalf of the co-sponsors of the Sectoral 
Initiative on Cotton, I would like to thank our bilate ral, multilateral, regional and sub-regional partners 
that have already announced or mobilized their tech nical and financial assistance to the African cotton 
producing countries.  We invite WTO Members and in ternational, regional and sub-regional institutions 
that have not yet provided such assistance to do so, in order to strengthen the cotton sector.  We remain 
convinced that WTO Members will move in this dir ection, that they will provide the cotton-producing 
countries with the means to turn the cotton sector into an activity that can contribute to the promotion of 
development and to poverty reduction, one of the major objectives of the millennium." 
Statement by Ambassador Amehou (B enin) on Behalf of the Cotton Proponents at the Fifth Round of 
Informal Consultations on the Development Assistance Aspects of Cotton, 28 October 2005  
 5. First of all, Chairman, allow me to express how satisfying it is to see you chairing these 
consultations.  The cotton-producing countries are very  happy to see you giving unstinting support to 
our work and, in particular, the sectoral initiativ e in favour of cotton since 2003.  Your support has 
never faltered in this area. 
6. We would also like to thank the bilateral partners, the WTO Secretariat and the other 
international institutions for the information they ha ve just provided on a whole range of activities and 
                                                     
 
1 The presentations have been edited for reasons of logical flow, grammar and coherence only.  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 3 
 
 
 initiatives taken in the follow-up to the WTO Regiona l Workshop on Cotton, held in Cotonou on 23 and 
24 March 2004, and, indeed, the General Council's D ecisions at the end of July 2004 on development-
related cotton issues.  This really is, very much, a la ndmark meeting, and a very useful meeting, I think, 
as regards how we are taking our thinking further,  the programmes, we've certainly, for our part, 
learned an awful lot this morning.  So this has be en a useful meeting.  We've heard a lot about the 
possibility of additional funding to allow us to move  ahead with cotton-related programmes.  We would 
like to encourage partners who have not yet take n initiatives to support the cotton sector, to take the 
steps to adopt technical assistance and financial in itiatives to support and strengthen this sector, because 
many African States rely on this, their economies rely on this, and it is facing serious difficulties. 
7. I would like to thank the Director-General of the WTO, who has certainly understood the 
difficulties facing our countries and, indeed, is worki ng with bilateral partners  and multilateral partners 
in order to find appropriate solutions here. 
8. We are also very satisfied to see the decision taken by the International Monetary Financial 
Committee of the IMF and the World Bank related to the exogenous shocks that affect cotton.  We 
would like to restate our request to have a compila tion of the actions and in itiatives taken to support the 
cotton sector in Africa.  Such a compilation would certainly allow us to get an overview of these 
initiatives. 
9. The proponents of the sectoral initiative will contin ue to carry out the reforms with a view to 
improving the sectoral activities in the cotton prod uction sector.  We have heard from the World Bank 
and the IMF - they both mentioned this - that we are engaged in a reform of the cotton businesses in our 
country.  Not surprisingly, you will appreciate that th is takes time and we need your assistance in order 
to bring this to a successful conclusion.  Again, we  would urge our partners to provide technical and 
financial assistance to enable us to completely ov erhaul the cotton sector, so that we have a truly 
competitive sector in our countries. 
10. We are also keen to see the follow-up to the sector al projects that have been introduced in order 
to be funded by bilateral and multilateral partners.  During this morning's meeting, we have heard some 
very good news in that regard, and I welcome that .  Our countries are, naturally, available to pursue 
cooperation with bilateral a nd multilateral partners in order to ensu re an effective and consistent follow-
up to the recommendations of the WTO Regional Workshop on Cotton and the WTO General Council 
Decision at the end of July 2004. 
11. As I said at the outset, Chairman, this is an extremely useful exercise for us and we are 
certainly happy to see such discussions.  Also, we are seeing that the 2004 Framework is now really 
taking form;  we are having true and meaningful ex changes with our partners.  For those who have not 
put their speeches in writing, please, could we have ev erything in writing again.  It is something that 
will allow us to study this further and enable us  to react with proposals from our respective States. 
12. We have had a lot of substantia l information today which will be transmitted to capitals in order 
to take appropriate action to accompany these measures. 
13. I would simply echo what has already been sai d to date because transformation processing is 
extremely important here.  It is extremely importa nt and, at a regional le vel, our institutions are 
certainly working with a will in this regard.  The UEMOA has been carrying out studies on cotton 
processing, because one of the weaknesses that we have , the weak link in the chain, is that, for many 
years, we have neglected that stage of cotton prod uction and we have simply been happy to export raw 
cotton.  I believe, given the international context that we are all aware of in the WTO, that if we are to 
interest investors, if we are to truly create a busin ess-friendly environment, it is extremely important 
that we have more studies.  We need to have the su pport from our partners in this area and I think this 
body is extremely useful and very well-placed, to help us  with that.  We need to be able to attract the WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 4  
 
 investors and to process and transform the cotton so that we can, first of all, benefit from what we 
already have - resources that we don't fully use, pe rhaps.  We have the EU initiative "Everything But 
Arms", we have AGOA, we have Canada's support and other countries support, which, as we've heard 
already, are, perhaps, not fully used .  Certainly not to their best poten tial because we haven't really been 
able to process the cotton and make this competitive, to  fill that gap internationally.  So, again, as I said 
earlier on, first of all, thank you for what has already been done to date, but I urge you to do all that you 
can in the future to enable us to create conditions in this area for cotton production. 
14. On the studies, I think UNCTAD shouldn't be overly timid in this area.  We are talking about 
millions of dollars at stake, studies are extremely important and that is why UNCTAD has such a prime 
role to play.  So we are keen to hear, perhaps,  greater levels of commitment and engagement from 
UNCTAD in this area of studies.  Again, I take th e opportunity to thank UNCTAD for what they have 
done so far and what they have announced:  on 1 No vember 2005, in other words, in one week's time, 
in New York, at the request of the co-pr oponents, there will be a meeting in the 2
nd Committee of the 
United Nations in New York, on cotton, from 2:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.  So, I would like to invite all the partners who would like to come, of course you're we lcome to participate, in order to provide your 
support for this "dossier", and I certainly hope that there will be a good attendance.  Thank you 
UNCTAD for your support to date as regards the organi zation of this meeting, next week, which I think 
will further draw public opinion's attention to this i ssue.  And let's not forget that we will soon be 
having our Ministerial meeting in Hong Kong;  it's ju st around the corner.  So, I think it comes at a 
good time.  I will just conclude by thanking all par ticipants, the bilateral and multilateral donors, for the 
efforts to date and ask them to continue with such e fforts so that we have a true partnership and that we 
are able to really move on with this sectoral initiative for cotton. 
III. BILATERAL DONOR PARTNERS 
A. CANADA 
Statement by the Representative of Canada at th e Third Round of Informal Consultations on the 
Development Assistance Aspects of Cotton, 25 April 20052 
 
15. Canada remains supportive of dealing with the issues on cotton as defined by the July 
framework with a need for coherence between the tr ade and development aspects of the cotton question. 
Regarding the development angle, Canada continues to provide re gional, multilateral and bilateral 
support wherever cotton or related areas, such as water-management, are identified as a priority for 
donor funding. This is the same responsive approa ch as outlined by my Jap anese colleague. Since the 
last consultation, Canada has provi ded more funds for JITAP and the Integrated Framework. We feel 
that coordinated programs such as these whereby the bene ficiaries are identifying and giving priority to 
their needs through the PRSPs or other development pl ans is the best way to ensure maximum value for 
money and coordination of donor efforts. This is  how our considerable Overseas Development 
Assistance to Africa is managed. An initiative which we did not yet mention in  these consultations is 
the Africa Trade Policy Centre of the Economic Commi ssion for Africa. Established and running with 
support from Canada, it is providing research and enhancing the negotiating capacity of African 
multilateral trade negotiators. It is available as a resource to the proponents of the cotton initiative. 
B. EUROPEAN  COMMISSION 
16. The EC continues to attach high priority to s upport in this area and remains strongly committed 
to achievement of the Cotton initiative in the developm ent assistance field.  At previous occasions, the 
                                                      
2 This statement was circulated by Canada at the Third Round of Informal Consultations on the 
Development Assistance Aspects of Co tton on 25 April 2005, and since then, Canada reaffirms the essence 
reflected in the statement.  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 5 
 
 
 basis for the EC assistance has be en outlined. This is framed by th e EC Council Conclusions of April 
2004 and the EU-Africa Cotton Partnership agreed in Ju ly 2004, which -in conjunc tion- have set out the 
main orientations and priorities for support.  We ha ve continued to work within this framework during 
the past months, supporting where relevant the African countries in making progress in the seven 
interlinked action areas of the Cotton partnership3. 
17. I would like to recall that this cotton partners hip is meant for the long term: improvements in 
the competitiveness of national cotton sectors will not happen overnight and the implementation of 
reforms often takes 5-10 years to complete. It is with  this longer term view that I would like to end my 
contribution, after first having outlined the current status of EC support, both the ongoing support and 
the support that is in the pipeline. 
(a) EU Support to Cotton at the International Level 
(i) €45m for all-ACP capacity building pr ogram on agricultural commodities, 
including €15m for cotton 
18. Preparation for the all-ACP capacity building program on commodities has progressed well in 
the past couple of months. To recall: this progr amme is meant to implement the action plans on 
commodities and cotton and has an indicative amount of €45m, of which €15m are reserved for cotton. 
It will focus on capacity building in terms of stra tegy and policy development,  risk management, the 
smoothening of transactions and the empowerment of  farmers. The programme will work at the all-
ACP level and will complement nationally funded in itiatives. It will involve a number of international 
organisations in implementation (e.g. WB, FAO,  ITC, UNCTAD, CFC) on the basis of their 
competitive strengths in assisting commodity depend ent countries. The programme is currently under 
formulation by a team of consultants and stake holder meetings are planned for the second week of 
November, while the proposal will have to be  finalised before the end of November..   
(ii) Capacity building on Commodity Risk Management in cotton 
19. The EC has promised to pay particular attenti on to the issue of risk management. A number of 
innovative risk management are being developed that  appear to offer efficient means for countries and 
producers facing yield or price fluctuations to stabili se their incomes.  The ACP group has agreed to the 
EC proposal to earmark €25 million to the new Gl obal Index Insurance Facility, which is being 
developed by the World Bank.  Part of the EU su pport could be used to subsidise initial insurance 
premiums for commodity dependent countries, incl uding cotton producers. The programme is expected 
to be approved in the second half of 2006. 
(b) EU Support to Cotton at the Regional Level 
20. At the regional level, support focuses on the regulatory environment affecting the cotton sector. 
The existing EC regional programme for West Afri ca includes a project, implemented by UNIDO, for 
the expansion of rapid machine-based testing t echnologies and the introduction of a cotton label for 
West-Africa. 
21. The regional dimension is obviously also very prominent in the context of the EC/ACP 
negotiations on Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), while more in general, the regional support 
programmes include support to regi onal integration and trade facilita tion, which are likely to have 
positive effects on cotton production and trade. 
                                                      
3 The seven areas of the action plan are 1. International trade; 2. National and regional cotton strategies; 
3. Policies and institutions; 4. Technological innovation; 5.  Risk management and finance; 6. Chain integration; 
and, 7. Co-ordination. WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 6  
 
 (c) EU Support to Cotton at the National Level 
22. Support at the national level is financed unde r the National Indicative Programmes of the 
various countries. As indicated previously and as a r esult of the Mid Term Reviews of the national-level 
programmes in 2004, new support has been mobilised sp ecifically for cotton.  This concerns additional 
funding for Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali for a total amount of € 35 million and these countries are 
currently in various stages of preparation for the finalisation of agreements to use these funds. In 
addition, in a number of countries (again in Burkina Faso, but also in Senegal, Cote d’Ivoire and –
tentatively- Togo) unused Stabex balances were a llocated to cotton for a total amount of over 
€ 45 million. Furthermore, cotton-related debt-reschedu ling has been supported in Cote d’Ivoire in mid-
2005 for an amount of € 5.4 million. Finally, in a number of countries (rural) road programmes are 
being supported with a specific orientation toward s rehabilitation and maintenance of roads in cotton 
producing areas. The total value of the national level cotton support programmes by the EU in West-
Africa is currently around € 100 million. 
23. In the spirit of the EU-Africa Partnership on cotton, support will be based on nationally-owned 
cotton strategies and plans that aim to restore compet itiveness in the sector in a sustainable manner. We 
therefore welcome the progress made by the cotton produc ing countries in the past months in advancing 
with the formulation of their national cotton strate gies or plans. We are looking forward to further 
discussions on these strategies and to the developm ent of clear and unambiguous roadmaps as guides 
for their implementation.  
24. Many the more specific cotton support progr ammes mentioned before are or will be 
implemented in the form of projects or as sector budget support. Both take time in terms of preparation 
and implementation, while the demands for financia l assistance have often been immediate. I would 
like to indicate that most of the West-African cotton producing countries have benefited from EC budgetary support in the past few years that have allo wed the countries to rather quickly mitigate some 
of the adverse effects of cotton price declin e on the economy. Moreover, significant increased 
allocations have been granted to Benin, Burkina Faso  and Mali, which will to a large extent be used for 
budgetary assistance in the next few years. The EC re mains, along with some of the EU Member States, 
the most significant provider of budget support in Sub-Saharan Africa. 
 (d) The Future of Cotton-Related Assistance 
 25. As mentioned before, the EU-Africa partners hip on cotton is meant to be a long-term 
partnership. It is therefore impor tant to also look ahead on how the chances for continued EU support to 
cotton can be enhanced. 
26. In this respect, there are two important even ts coming up in 2006. First, the End-of-Term 
Review (ETR) allows again for a revi sion of country envelopes under the 9
th European Development 
Fund (EDF), which can be revised upwards or dow nwards based on country performance. The End-of-
Term Review also allows for a re-allocation of funds within national programmes on the basis of 
shifting needs and priorities. Second, programming will begin concerning the use of 10th EDF resources 
for the period 2008-2012. This programming will as usua l involve a trade-off with respect to the other 
sectors, as EU support will remain concentrated on a fe w priority sectors. Moreover, as in the past, the 
EU will respond to nationally identified priorities, as expressed in national poverty reduction strategies. 
It is therefore important for cotton producing coun tries to appropriately prioritise cotton in their 
development programmes and strategies, so that EDF funds can continue to be allocated for support to 
cotton.  
  WT/GC/97/Add.1
 Page 7EC Programmes and projects in support of the EU-Africa Partnership on Cotton 
 
Country/ 
Region Project/Programme Amount 
(€) Status Description/Remarks 
All-ACP Capacity Building  in Support of 
the Implementation of the EU 
Commodity Action Plan 45.000.000 
of which 
15.000.000 
for cotton In preparation; draft Financing 
Proposal in Nov. 2005; EDF 
Committee meeting foreseen in 
March/April 2006 Programme in support of the EU Comm odity Action Plan and the EU-Africa 
Cotton Action Plan. Will work through In ternational Organisations (FAO, World 
Bank, UNCTAD, ITC, CFC) and covers a number of thematic areas, including 
strategy development, diversificatio n, commodity risk  management and 
information improvements. € 15 million is specifically earmarked for cotton. 
All-ACP Global Index Insurance Facil ity 25.000.000 In preparation; approval 
foreseen for second half of 
2006 The Global Index Insurance Facility (GIIF ) is currently being developed by the 
World Bank and seeks to close the gap between developing country demand for 
insurance against severe shocks and glob al index insurance markets. EU support 
could include technical assistance for tech nical training on the use of the GIIF and 
insurance premium subsidies for ACP countries. Cotton will be specifically 
included. 
Regional 
West-Africa  PARI 3.000.000 
(general; cotton 
part can not be 
distinguished) Implementation period will end 
in December 2005 Support programme to private sector im plemented by UNIDO. It includes the 
installation of rapid machine testing tec hnologies in the region and the promotion 
of a cotton label for West-Africa. In Bu rkina Faso, it particularly benefits 
SOFITEX 
Mali Support to national cotton sector 
strategy 15.000.000 In preparation. Formulation to 
take place before end 2005 € 15 million allocated to Mali in the framework of the Mid-Term Review of the 9th 
EDF in 2004. Based on the development of  a national medium-long term strategy 
for cotton (in preparation), the EU is in the process of defining its response, which 
will most likely be in the form of budget support linked to progress in cotton 
sector reforms. 
Burkina Faso Support to national cotton sector 
strategy 10.000.000 In preparation. Formulation 
mission planned for first 
quarter 2006. € 10 million allocated to Burkina Faso in the framework of the Mid-Term Review 
of the 9th EDF in 2004. Based on the developm ent of a national medium-long term 
strategy for cotton (in preparation), the EU and the national authorities will define 
the most appropriate method of support for the € 10 million allocated to cotton in 
Burkina Faso. 
Burkina Faso Use of Stabex Balances  9.045.000 In preparation. Formulation 
completed. Rehabilitation of the Ouagoudougou-Koupela road, the main road used for the 
export of cotton through the ports of Lomé and Cotonou. 
Benin Support to the cotton sector 10.000.000 
(9th EDF) In preparation. Formulation 
missions to report:  between 
December and February 2006 
(contribution to formulation of 
national strategy and PIF) and 
April/May 2006 (FP), planning 
subject to modifications due to 
electoral period (March 2006) € 10 million allocated to Benin in the framework of the Mid-Term Review of the 
9th EDF in 2004. Based on the developm ent of a national medium-long term 
strategy for cotton (in preparation), the EU, the national authorities and the actors 
of the cotton sector will define the most appropriate method of support for the € 10 
million allocated to cotton in Benin. 
Benin Rehabilitation and maintenance of 
rural roads in the 
Alibori/Borgou/Collines area 8.500.000 (8th 
EDF) 
10.000.000 (9th 
EDF) Implementation. Project period 
2002-2008 Rehabilitation and maintenance of roads in cotton growing areas in Benin. 
Cote d’Ivoire Cotton-related debt resche duling 5.400.000 June 2005 Disbursement concerni ng payment of government debt versus th e cotton sector, 
allowing the settling of debts of the cott on factories versus the cotton producers [a 
similar type of assistance had earlier been conducted ion 2003]  
 WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 8 Cote d’Ivoire Use of Stabex Balances 25.000.000 
for cotton In preparation; mission 
conducted in October 2005 Programme will address priorities identified, which include: rural roads in cotton 
growing areas; capacity building of actors in cotton sector; support to applied 
cotton research and to seed multiplicati on; settling of Government debt towards 
the sector; and support to mechanisation. 
Mozambique Multi Annual Food Security 
Programme 2000-2002 (Food 
Security Budget Line) 5.000.000 Implementation. Project period 
2002-2007 Funds are channelled thr ough the National Cotton Institute for extension and 
technical assistance projects executed by cotton concessionary companies. Main 
objectives are to support small  holder farmers in crop diversification, 
strengthening of producer associations, ma rket promotion for food and cash crops, 
road rehabilitation. Positive impact on cotton production is also expected.  
Mozambique Multi Annual Food Security 
Programme 2003-2005 (Food 
Security Budget Line) 1.550.000 Implementation. Project period 
2003-2006 Institutional capacity to the National Institute of Cotton, including: staff 
recruitment and training, rehabilitation of testing laboratories, central and regional 
offices, supply of equipment and vehicles.    
Mozambique Use of Stabex Balances 4.300.000 Agricultural Research 
programme for 4 crops - 1.500.000 for cotton Support to National Institute of Agriculture  Research for identification, adaptation 
and multiplication of improved cotton varieties.  
Senegal Use of Stabex Balances  25.000.000 
of which 
4.000.000 
for cotton Submitted for approval. 
Agreement expected 4th quarter 
2005 The cotton part will deal with the reform and financing of the support fund, cotton 
quality, diversificat ion, and strengthening of the cotton producer organisation. 
Togo Use of Stabex Balances 7.000. 000 Preparation finalised, awaiting 
formal agreement. Indicative 
implementation period 2006-
2009. The programme will cover strengtheni ng of SOTOCO, support to producers 
organisations and to the inter-professiona l organisation, improvement of rural 
roads in cotton areas and support to cotton warehouses. 
 
Other Support worth noting : 
 
• Additional allocations following the 2004 Mid-Term Review (MTR): countries that had special needs and that had performed well r eceived additional assistance in the 
framework of the 2004 MTR of the 9th EDF. Beneficiary countries included Burkina Faso which recei ved € 155 million, of which € 95 million was new money and 
€ 60 million was a transfer from the (reserve) B-envelope; Mali,  which received an additional € 80 million (€ 50 million new an d € 30 million from the B-envelope; and 
Benin which received an additional € 70 million (€ 18 million new money and € 52 million as a transfer from the B-envelope). 
• FLEX: countries that experience a drop in export earnings accompanied by a significant effect on the national budget, are eligi ble for additional financing under the 
FLEX-mechanism. In 2005 (application year 2004), Mali will receive an additional allocation of € 1.1 million, related to its lo ss in export earnings from cotton (Mali’s 
entitlement was higher, but € 1.1. million was the remaining balance under the B-envelope for the country).  
• Regional Programmes in West-Africa, Centra l Africa, Eastern & Southern Africa include support to trade facilitation in the regi on and on capacity building for the EPA 
negotiations. 
 
Update: 14 November 2005  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 9 
 
 
 C. JAPAN 
Statement by the Representative of Japan at th e Fifth Round of Informal Consultations on the 
Development Assistance Aspects of Cotton, 28 October 2005  
 27. Since the last session, namely, after the summe r break, we have two developments in the 
related Initiative. 
28. Firstly, we are happy to announce the launchi ng of a new project study on WTO-related 
assistance in the African region.  In June, at the LDCs Trade Ministers' Conference in Livingston, 
Zambia, the Deputy Trade Minister of Japan , Mr. Okonigi, initiated the Human Resource 
Development Cooperation Programme, based on needs of  developing countries.  This is a two-step 
initiative with which we provide specific a ssistance, firstly concerning WTO agreement 
implementation, and secondly, concerning the export promotion, based upon the results of Phase 1.  We are planning to apply this programme not only to  the LDCs, but also to other African countries as 
well.  In order to concretize this initiative, the G overnment of Japan decided to make a comprehensive 
survey to Kenya, Zambia, Senegal, Malawi, Mali and Rwanda in January next y ear.  This is called the 
Project Study on WTO-Related Assistance in Africa .  On 27 October 2005, the Government of Japan 
instructed the embassies in charge of those count ries to introduce this initiative to the relevant 
countries.  One of the purposes of the survey next y ear is to identify the n eeds for the trade-related 
technical assistance, including the supply-side constr aint and to explore the possibility for the possible 
assistance that Japan can provide in accordan ce with the needs of those countries.   
29. I have to reiterate that this is merely the fi rst step of the comprehensive programme and that, 
although this initiative covers only Mali among the f our Cotton-Initiative countries, we will continue 
to open the door of our embassies in Africa in or der to consult with your Governments in capital. 
30. Secondly, as far as the concrete assistance for the infrastructure is concerned, the Japanese 
Government is seeking for the possibility to re nder assistance for constructing the corridor between 
Mali and Senegal, which facilitates the transporta tion of cotton and related products from Mali to 
Senegal.  This project is still a work in progress a nd we cannot explain the details at this moment, but 
as soon as we can make this project concretize, we wi ll be delighted to provide additional information. 
31. In sum, our new initiative is aiming at one specific country, namely Mali, but we would like to 
emphasize that our first concrete step to provide assistance was aimed at Benin, launched in the first 
half of last year, and we have announced the dispatch of  an expert to Chad the first half of this year.  
Although the project varies from country to country, Japan is making a step by step effort to provide 
tangible assistance to the proponent countries and the African countries as a whole. 
32. Needles to say, we are always keen on whatever  assistance we can provide at all levels and we 
are ready to discuss through whichever channel we can utilize. 
Statement by the Representative of Japan at the Fourth Round of Informal Consultations on the 
Development Assistance Aspect s of Cotton, 18 July 2005  
 
Japan's Policy for African Development - Prime Mi nister Koizumi’s Message to Africa towards the 
G8 Summit  
 
33. Japan will continue to lead international di scussions on African development, capitalizing on 
its experiences with the TICAD process. 
34. Since the first Tokyo International Conferen ce on African Development (TICAD I) in 1993, 
when concern was voiced over declining internationa l attention to Africa following the end of the 
Cold War, the Japanese Government has been  leading international discussions on African WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 10  
 
 development by advocating the importance of ow nership of Africa and partnership with the 
international community. Japan will hold TICAD IV in 2008.  
35. Japan intends to increase its ODA volume by US $ 10 billion in aggregate over the next five 
years.  Japan will double ODA to Africa in the next three years.  Japan has been committed to debt 
cancellation to African countries on the largest scale among all creditor countries. 
36. Japan will strive to realize a strategic expa nsion of its ODA volume in order to ensure a 
credible and sufficient level of ODA. In this cont ext, Japan intends to increase its ODA volume by 
US$10 billion in aggregate over the next five years,  compared to the level of ODA on the basis of 
2004 net ODA disbursement.  Japan has provide d more than US$10 billion for Africa through 
bilateral ODA since 1993. Japan will double its  ODA to Africa in the next 3 years. 
37. The Japanese Government has made commitment to debt cancellations of US$4.9 billion for 
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs) in Africa , which is at the largest scale among all creditor 
countries. Furthermore, G8 countries have agreed  with 100% debt cancellation for outstanding 
obligations of HIPCs to interna tional financial institutions, and d ecided to work together to seek 
cooperation by other creditor countries. 
38. Japan will expand its support to protect African  people's health.  Japan proposes "Health and 
Development" Initiative to provide comprehens ive assistance amounting to US$ 5 billion over the 
next five years – with African people being major be neficiaries.  Japan will increase its contribution to 
the Global Fund, with the provision of US$ 500 million in the coming years. 
39. In order to contribute to achieving the health  MDGs, which have seen serious delays in 
progress in Africa, Japan will provide comprehens ive assistance amounting to US$ 5 billion over the 
next five years - with African people being major beneficiaries – with a view to improving healthcare 
for children and combating infectious diseases, etc.  
40. Japan has decided to increase its contribution to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis 
and Malaria and will provide US$ 500 million in the co ming years.  In fight against malaria, which 
has taken lives of many children, Japan will distri bute 10 million long-lasting insecticide-treated bed 
nets to African countries. Japan will support imm unization for measles, the supply of polio vaccine, 
and voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) of HIV/AIDS.  Japan will support prevention and 
awareness raising education and activities, as we ll as  dissemination of Mother-and-Child Health 
Handbooks and prenatal check-ups.  Japan will provid e safe water supply, and install sanitary water 
supply equipment and latrines in schools.  Japan  will support the establishment of a world-wide 
disease surveillance system to contribute to early detection of epidemics.   
41. Japan will enhance its support to "Consolidati on of Peace" in Africa, focusing on human 
security.  Responding to the significant progress in  peace processes for many countries in Africa, 
Japan will expand its support in fields such as assi stance to refugees and internally displaced persons, 
DDR (disarmament, demobilization an d reintegration of ex-combatant s), mine action, collection and 
destruction of small arms and light weapons, and assistance to transition to democracy (e.g. election 
support), providing seamless support from the post-conf lict phase to the stage of reconstruction and 
development assistance with the emphasis on human security.  
42. Japan provides 20% of the total operational cost  to eight Peace Keeping Operations (PKOs) 
currently operating in Africa. Japan’s contributio n was US$ 550 million for FY 2004.  In March 2005, 
Japan extended assistance of approximately US$ 60 million to 14 African countries - those in West 
Africa and the Great Lakes region, Sudan and Somalia .  Following the conclusion in January of the 
Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s 
Liberation Movement, Japan announced in April th at it would provide a package of ODA assistance 
to both parties totalling US$ 100 million for the near term, and US$ 10 million has already been  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 11 
 
 
 disbursed.  Japan will strengthen its support for mine  action in countries heavily affected by mines, 
such as Sudan, Angola, the Democratic Republic  of Congo, based upon its “New Policy on Anti-
Personnel Mines” announced in December 2004. 
43. Japan will support "Green Revolution" in Africa  and rural development.  As about 70% of 
African people live in rural areas, development of agriculture and improvement of village life are 
indispensable for social and economic stability in Africa.    In order to help r ealize “Green Revolution” 
to increase agricultural productivity, Japan will support formulation of agricultural policies, 
agricultural experiment and research, and disseminati on of agricultural techniques, etc, including the 
promotion of development and diffusion of NERI CA (New Rice for Africa).  Japan will strengthen 
linkage between rural areas and cities, through deve lopment of local and feeder roads, agricultural 
markets, and local industries.   
44. In order to comprehensively support improveme nt of rural life and self-reliance based on the 
notion of human security, Japan will promote th e “African Village Initiative,” under which Japan 
supports rural community development projects with  combination of infrastructure development and 
empowerment of people.  Japan works together for “African Millennium Village” (AMV), with the 
UN Millennium Project led by Professor Jeffrey Sachs.  AMV aims to exercise research activities and 
provides a proving ground for scaling-up a variet y of innovative technologies for improvement of 
agricultural productivity at 10 selected villages.  Each village is located in an area representing 
primary agro-ecological zones with a high concen tration of hunger.  Also, AMV aims to build 
capacity at a community level of these villages.  
45. Japan supports formulation of agricultural policy,  development and diffusion of NERICA etc, 
through dispatch of technical experts, etc.  Jap an supports experiment and research of agriculture 
through the provision of fund to Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).   
Japan extends trainings to agricultural promoters to diffuse agricultural techniques.  Japan supports 
small-scale irrigation (development of paddies) in  cooperation with the World Food Program (WFP 
and others), and provides fertilizer  and farming equipment.  Japan develops infrastructure of rural 
communities (agricultural roads, market, etc.). 
46. Japan will provide comprehensive support to promote trade and investment for African 
countries.  In view of Asian experiences, the key to African economic development is to foster the 
private sector through the promotion of trade and investment. At the TICAD Asia-Africa Trade and Investment Conference held last November, Japan presented four key concepts; (1) the “formulation 
of an appropriate policy” for establishing an indus trial foundation; (2) “produc t development” with a 
focus on improving quality to increase competitiveness;  (3) the “empowerment of small and medium-
size local enterprises (SMEs) ” generating income a nd employment in local communities; and (4), the 
“promotion of a social contribution by priv ate enterprises” prompting equitable growth. 
47. Japan will implement “Enhanced Private Sector  Assistance (EPSA) for Africa,” providing up 
to US$ 1.2 billion in 5 years in order to foster SME activities and improve investment climate, in 
partnership with the African Development Bank Gr oup.  Japan will promote trade and investment 
between Japan and Africa by facilitating trade insurance, enhancing business exchanges and 
promoting product development and e xport to Japan.  Japan will seek to further expand market access 
to products from the least developed countries (LDCs), most of which are in Africa.  
48. Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC)  has completed “Blue Book on Best Practices 
on Investment Promotion and Facilitation” on Keny a, Tanzania and Uganda, and will provide its 
support for the implementation of policy recomme ndations in the Blue Book.  Nippon Export and 
Investment Insurance (NEXI) will expand its unde rtaking of insurance relating to trade and 
investment by Japanese companies to Africa, including through an increase in the number of eligible 
countries, and coordination and co operation with African export and trade insurance institutions.  
Japan has proposed the establishmen t of a new facility by Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 12  
 
 (MIGA), to which Japan will contribute US$ 1 million, to foster private investors to meet the 
environmental and social safeguard standards of MIGA.    
49. The fourth Africa-Asia Business Forum (AABF IV) will be organized in 2006 (the past three 
forums saw the conclusion of approximately 190 memoranda worth approximately US$ 140 million).  
Japan will expand the TICAD Exchange Network (http://www.ticadexchange.org/), which provides 
business-related information on the internet.  Japan  International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Japan 
External Trade Organization (JETRO), the Associ ation for Overseas Technical Scholarship (AOTS) 
and other relevant organizations  hold training courses and seminars and dispatch experts for the 
development of SMEs and entrepreneurs, as well as for product development, marketing (“one village 
one product movement”) and e xpansion of market access.  
50. Japan strengthens Asia-Africa cooperation to sh are Asia's experiences. Asia’s post-war 
experiences in economic development are valuable assets for us in assisting African development. 
Japan aims to support capacity building of more th an 10,000 persons from Africa over the next four 
years through Asia-Africa cooperation and other me asures.  Japan creates a new scheme “Asia-Africa 
Young Volunteers” to dispatch Asian youngsters to Africa aiming at youth exchange and human 
resource development.  Japan provides support in various areas so that Asian countries including 
South-East Asian countries invite African train ees and provide technical cooperation.  Japan will 
disseminate to Africa the significance, experiences,  benefits and good practi ces of Asian productivity 
movement through holding symposium and seminars. 
D. UNITED
 STATES 
Statement by the Representative of the United States at the Fifth Round of Informal Consultations on 
the Development Assistance Asp ects of Cotton, 28 October 20054 
 51. The G-8 debt relief package will result in hundreds of millions of dollars in relief for Benin, 
Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal.  This should free up resources for cotton. 
52. The U.S. will be doubling aid to Africa by 2010 under our G-8 commitment.  C-4 countries 
will benefit from this pledge. 
53. The MCC offers the most significant opportunity for many key countries (Benin, Mali, 
Senegal, each Eligible to negotiate a proposal for a large amount of money; and, Burkina Faso as a 
Threshold Country) to address long-term development obstacles in cotton.  It will result in hundreds 
of millions of dollars flowing into the region in grant form in a way set by recipient countries. 
• To give you a sense of the funding levels, Be nin’s proposal stands at $300 million; Mali’s 
proposal at $212 million; and Sene gal’s proposal at $255 million. 
54. The USAID West Africa Cotton Program  has been designed.  We look forward to working 
with you on the implementation plan in the future. 
55. The new African Global Competitiveness Initiative,  a $200 million, 5-year program, is being 
designed  and will also help improve competitiveness and stimulate regional and international trade.  
This new Initiative will be developed with our Afri can counterparts.  The program will help selected 
countries to diversify  its trade and remove key ba rriers to expanding growth.  Some of these reforms 
should have general benefits for a range of sect ors, including agriculture and the cotton sector. 
                                                     
 
4 The United States had made, at the Fourth Round of Informal Consultations on 18 July 2005, a 
detailed presentation, elaborating on the origin s and details of its Africa Cotton Programme.  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 13 
 
 
 56. USAID will program $200 million a year over the next five years to support the 
Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme, in which African Heads of State 
agreed to achieve and sustain a 6% annual agricultural growth rate. 
57. USDA has recently sponsored cotton classing and soil management programs for the C-4.  
58. Soils Management Training Program (July 7- 22):  Sponsored through USDA’s Cochran 
Program, one representative from each C-4 countr y participated in two days of meetings in 
Washington, DC, followed by two weeks of tailored training at Tuskegee University.   The training 
program addressed soils management for sustainab ility, soil fertility, soil quality assessment, farming 
systems, and technology transfer strategies for the countries' extension systems.   The participants 
recommended additional technical assistance to improve soils management research, extension 
support systems, linkages between research and extens ion, and effective participation of members at 
all levels of the cotton chain.   
59. The National Cotton Council remains engaged.  The NCC recently contributed $23,000 for a 
USAID program sponsoring  four entomologists from the C-4 to receive training on cotton insect 
problems in Africa and shorter-term chemical and in tegrated pest management measures at Tuskegee 
University.   
60. NCC is planning on sending an entomologist to A frica in late November to provide training in 
pest identification and control. 
Benin Proposals  
 61. We are pleased to say that many of the proposal s made by Benin are covered in some form by 
the programs above.  This will be particularly true of the USAID program to be implemented.  Below 
are specific examples. 
62. Overlapping areas between the current iteration of Benin’s MCA proposal and Benin’s cotton 
proposals have been identified.  It should be unde rstood that Benin’s MCA proposal is not final and 
continues to undergo revision. 
63. Project 12:
 Benin’s MCA proposal to rehabilitate th e port, to implement institutional and 
operational reform at the port, and to study the po ssibility of increasing the exports of the agricultural 
products of Benin, complements proposed diversifica tion of the agricultural sector.  Additionally, this 
project would benefit from the plan to construc t and rehabilitate 2000 km of rural feeder roads 
throughout Benin and from the land tenure and credit components designed to unlock the productive capacity of the land. 
64. Project 5:
 The “Access to Markets” component of the MCA Benin proposal includes a plan to 
construct and rehabilitate rural feeder roads in all of the departments of Benin, including the 
7 departments mentioned in the cotton proposals received from Benin. 
65. Project 1:  This proposal shares a common platform with Benin’s MCA proposal, to improve 
the judicial system.  A major objective of this component is to make Benin a more attractive place to 
invest, particularly through the establishment of an arbitration center at the chamber of commerce 
intended to settle commercial disputes. 
More examples  
 66. Project 9:
 The testing of phytosanitary protection methods closely relates to training done in 
the United States at Tuskegee, by Cochran, and by USAID. WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 14  
 
 67. Project 7:
 Soil fertility is linked to the work done by USDA trainees at Tuskegee under 
Cochran program.  
Update on the Development Aspects of Cotton  
 
68. Debt Relief:   We are pleased that the G-8 debt pro posal announced in June includes Benin, 
Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal.  This should free up significant resources for these countries. 
69. Aid to Africa :  We are also pleased that our President announced that the United States aid to 
Africa will double between 2004 a nd 2010.  C-4 countries are beneficiaries of a number of the 
programs that account for the increase.  
Millennium Challenge Corporation  
 
70. The MCC offers the most significant opportunity for many key countries (Benin, Mali, 
Senegal as Eligible to negotiate for proposal fo r a large amount of money; Burkina Faso as a 
Threshold Country) to address long-term development obstacles in cotton.  It will result in hundreds of millions of grant dollars flowing into the region in a manner determined by recipient countries.    
71. Benin:
  An MCC Eligible Country.  The Government of Benin proposes to accelerate growth 
and reduce poverty by capitalizing on its potential as a transit corridor for goods destined for regional 
and international markets and by providing support to the agricultural sector. To this effect, measures 
will be taken to improve the competitiveness of the Port of Cotonou and to increase land security, 
rehabilitate rural feeder roads, facilitate access to credit and improve the business environment. A 
series of policy reforms are proposed to support th e program, which stands at $299.72 million over 
4 years. 
72. Mali:   This country is an MCC Eligible Country.  Although not specifically targeting cotton, 
Mali also has an agribusiness focus that should be he lpful to the development aspects of cotton.  It 
involves developing an agro-industrial zone in th e Office du Niger region, diversifying agricultural 
production and expanding value-a dded production in this region and developing Bamako airport 
infrastructure in order to facilitate exports.  Th e current proposal is for $212 million over 5 years, 
which will be the basis for further discussions. 
73. Senegal:   An MCC Eligible Country since 2004, Sene gal submitted its final Proposal to MCC 
in January 2005.  Senegal’s Proposal contemplates de velopment of a large-scale, greenfield industrial, 
commercial, and residential site 30kms southeast of  the capital city of Dakar.  The funding amount 
requested in Senegal’s Proposal is $255 to develop the infrastructure of the industrial site, called the 
Diamniadio Platform, along with additional funds for a financing facility to for Sums to locate in the 
site, and a small administrative budget to s upport Senegal’s MCA Implementing Agency.   
74. MCC and GoS have already signed a Grant Ag reement to fund up to $6.5MM in baseline and 
feasibility studies related to Senegal’s Proposal project. 
75. Burkina Faso:   This country was selected as a Threshold Country.  Threshold countries are ones 
that just miss being determined eligible to rece ive MCA assistance but demonstrate a commitment to 
improving policy reform.  The MCC Board approved Burkina Faso's proposal for $12.9 million focused on improving girls' primary education completion rates by:  
(a) promoting Girl Friendly Schools’ by hiring more teachers, especially female, and 
placing them in rural schools; demons trating through government policy a 
willingness to impose sanctions against se xual harassment; and undertaking a public 
awareness program on the importance of girls education; and   WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 15 
 
 
 (b) building capacity through a classroom cons truction program in the geographic areas 
with the weakest rates of girls' primary school completion, and assisting NGO partners in continuing to develop primary and community programs to promote girls' 
education. Burkina Faso will continue work ing with the MCC to crystallize this plan. 
The United States’ West Africa Cotton Development Program
 
 
76. In FY05, USAID conducted $28.6 million in ag ricultural programs in West Africa, and 
$146.5 million for all of Africa. 
77. USAID has designed a development assistance pa ckage for the region, targeting cotton.  
Upon consultations with the countries and completi on of an implementation plan, USAID will work 
with other donors to make sure such a pr ogram is part of a multilateral approach.  
78. The program is based on the output of the following activities: 
(a) USDA/State/USAID/NCC Trip to Mali:  
- Assessment:   The delegation delivered an in -depth assessment of the West 
African cotton sector, with concentration on the C-4 countries. 
- The assessment presented 15 possible “interventions” to improve production, 
transformation, and marketing of cotton and its byproducts: 
(1) Strengthen Private Agricultural Organizations  
(2) Link US and West African Agricultural Research Organizations 
(3) Improve the Enabling Environment for Agricultural Biotechnology (4) Improve Seed Production, Qua lity, Certification and Utilization  
(5) Improve Tendering, Quality Assuran ce, and Distribution of Agrochemicals  
(6) Expand Agricultural and Rural Credit  (7) Develop Alternative Approaches To T echnology Generation and Transfer for the 
Cotton Sector Under the Assumption of Privatization  (8) Arrest Soil Degradation and Loss of Fertility in Cotton Areas  
(9) Expand the Use of Good Agricultural Practices in Cotton Farming Systems  
(10) Reduce Post-Harvest Losses and Costs through Better Practices, Handling and Logistics  (11) Establish a West African Regional Ginning School (12) Reduce Contamination in C-4 Seed Cotton and Lint (13) Improve the Quality of C-4 Cotton through Better Seed Cotton Grading and Lint 
Classing  
(14) Better Manage Critical Risks Confronting the C-4 Cotton Sector  (15) Improve Competitiveness of Selected C-4 Textile & Apparel Enterprises  
 
Near Term Actions:
   In consultation with the countries, USAID is working or will expand support to 
some of the following interventions.  Specifically: 
  1.  Strengthen Private Agricultural Organizations
 (Intervention #1):    
  [Develop strong, self-sustaining tr ader and producer organizations capable of 
advocating for policy reforms.  Strengthen fa rmers associations by USAID, such as 
the Regional Farmers Associations (ROPPA).] 
 WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 16  
 
  2. Link U.S. and West African Agricultural Research Organizations
 (Intervention #2):  
  [ Create professional linkages through USAID  funded program to build knowledge-
sharing networks of natural resource professionals and Food Security Cooperative 
Agreement programs carried out through and with the Institut du Sahel (INSAH), an 
organ of CILSS (Comite Permanent Inter-etat s de Lutte contre la Secheresse dans le 
Sahel)] 
 
 3.  Arrest Soil Degradation and Loss of Fertility in Cotton Areas  (Intervention #8):  
  [ Develop promising technological options fo r cotton and other marketable crops with 
farmers that enhance productivity while  combating soil fertility decline .] 
 
 4. Expand the Use of Good Agricultural Practices in Cotton Farming Systems 
(Intervention #9):  
  [ Reduce the cost of agrochemical inputs through information systems:  The USAID 
strengthening Networks of Market Inform ation Systems and Trade Organizations in 
West Africa (MISTOWA) project improves the profitability of smallholder producers 
by reducing the cost of inputs through th e access to better, more accurate price 
information .] 
 
 5. Establish a West African Ginning School  (Intervention #11) 
 
 6. Improve the Quality of Cotton throug h Better Seed Cotton Grading and Classing  
(Intervention #13) :  
  [The Short Term Training of Marketi ng Specialists and Traders in Cotton Grading 
and Classing.]  
 
 7. Improve the technical, bio–safety, and regulatory capacity for agricultural 
biotechnology; including Bt cotton  
  (Enhanced capacity to manage the technical issues and establish biosafety, and 
regulatory procedures for agricultural biotechnology; including Bt cotton) 
 
National Cotton Council Assistance  
 
79. The National Cotton Council remains engaged on assisting on the development side.  As seen 
above, they recently contributed funding for a USAID program for four entomologists.  It is the NCC 
that is planning on sending an entomologist to Afri ca in late November to pr ovide training in pest 
identification and control.  The plan is for the N CC to be heavily involved as a partner in the USAID 
West Africa Cotton Program. 
USDA Exchanges  
 
80. Cotton Classing Program:   From June 3-17, USDA sponsored, through its Cochran Program, 
four West African representatives (from each C-4 country) to visit the United States on a program to 
help address the problems faced by the cotton sector.  The participants attended two cotton 
conferences and one week of technical sessions tailore d to their interests.  The training sessions were 
conducted by experts from the USDA Agricultural Ma rketing Service and the NCC.  Training topics 
included cotton classification, cotton standards, quality assurance, information technology, and 
market news.  The participants expressed interest in further assistance in developing West and Central 
African cotton standards and additional training in  computer networking and data handling, quality 
assurance, classification, productio n, and equipment maintenance.  
81. Soils Management Training Program (July 7-22) :  Also sponsored through USDA’s Cochran 
Program, one representative from each C-4 countr y participated in two days of meetings in 
Washington, DC, followed by two weeks of training at Tuskegee University.   The training program  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 17 
 
 
 addressed soils management for sust ainability, soil fertility, farming systems, and technology transfer 
strategies for the countries' extension systems.   
Entomologist Program  
 82. USAID and the National Cotton Council sponsored  four entomologists from the C-4 countries 
to receive field training from University of Tuskegee and private sector specialists.  The program 
covered use of conventional crop pr otection products and integrated pest management measures.  The 
entomologists drafted an action plan that incl uded recommendations on how to: identify new insects, 
select and procure proper insecticides, “scout” fields to better measure infestation before application 
of pesticides, and reach farmers to provide them with information on the availability and application 
of conventional chemicals.  This training program included field visits and extensive discussion about 
the use and benefits of biotechnology, including the importance of a science-based regulatory system.    
83. This program will be followed up on by a U.S. entomologist visiting West Africa for further 
discussions on recommended measures to control in sects and the application of biotechnology. 
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP)
 
 
84. At the UN General Assembly in Septem ber 2005, USAID committed $200 million to the 
Initiative in FY 06, the first year of a five-year e ffort, to support African leaders to implement the 
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP).  
85. USAID will support actions in CAADP priority areas by:  
• Building economic governance that will creat e the conditions for agriculture to 
flourish and reinforce a peer review pro cess to ensure mutual accountability in the 
utilization of domestic and fo reign development resources. 
 
• Growing private sector agribusiness investment in African agriculture by expanding 
alliances among public and private grou ps, including farmer-based organizations. 
 
• Bringing the power of markets (domestic, regional and global) to rural communities 
and households in Africa through agricu ltural trade liberalization and capacity 
building.  The framework and efforts to support it will directly enhance Africa’s 
ability to benefit from and participate in gl obal trade and world trade agreements in 
agriculture. 
 
• Harnessing science and technology to support small holder agriculture and stimulate 
employment and investment in the agricultural sector. 
 
• Meeting nutritional needs and build assets of  the persistently poor and hungry to 
increase their ability to participat e in economic growth processes. 
 
• Expanding the area under sustainable la nd and water management to support 
agriculture. 
 
African Global Competitiveness Initiative  
86. The new African Global Competitiveness Initiative , a $200 million, 5-year program , is being 
design and will also help improve competitiveness a nd stimulate regional and international trade.  
This new Initiative will be developed with our Afri can counterparts.  The program will help selected WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 18  
 
 countries to diversify its trade and remove key barri ers to expanding growth.  Some of these reforms 
should have general benefits for a range of sect ors, including agriculture and the cotton sector.  
ECOWAS Support
 
 87. USAID/Washington will implement a program beginning in December 2005 to assist the 
Economic Community of West African States (E COWAS) to increase the understanding of policy 
makers, researchers, and farmers of the scientific , market, and regulatory issues around Bt cotton.   
Biotechnology Conference (June 21 – 24, 2005)
 
 
88. Ministers attending the Economic Community of  West African States (ECOWAS) conference 
on agricultural biotechnology and biosafety -- supported by the United States -- made more than 
twenty recommendations, addressing biotechnology deve lopment, a regional approach to biosafety, 
and establishment of a regional biotechnology cente r of excellence. ECOWAS’ Secretariat is to 
develop a detailed action plan within three months. 
89. Biosafety Training:   The United States will also make available technical assistance for C-4 
governments in how biosafety regulations are deve loped and implemented as related to the potential 
integration of biotech cotton and other crops.  Ac tivities will be designed in response to requests from 
C-4 countries.  Burkina Faso has requested support fo r some environmental studies related to cotton.  
90. Initiative to End Hunger in Africa:   $45.9 million was spent in 2004 for African small 
farmers.  The program focuses on promoting agri cultural growth and building an African-led 
partnership to cut hunger and poverty. The primar y objective of the initiative is to rapidly and 
sustainably increase agricultural growth a nd rural incomes in sub-Saharan Africa.   
91. USDA has a number of activities in the region in cluding Animal and Plant Health Inspection 
Service (APHIS) technical staff members working in Dakar, Senegal, and at the West African trade 
hub in Ghana to facilitate agricultural exports from West Africa.   
92. USTDA entered into a $338,012 grant to N ouvelles Brasseries Bamakoises S.A. (NBB) on 
July 21, 2005, to support the dive rsification of the private agribusiness sector in Mali through a multi-
tiered feasibility study examining separate expansion plans for three private agribusiness companies.  
That same day, USTDA entered into a grant in the amount of $614,600 for a West African Economic 
and Monetary Union (WAEMU)-sponsored regiona l railway integration feasibility study.  
IV. MULTILATERAL AGENCIES 
BRETTON WOODS INSTITUTIONS  
(A) IMF 
Statement by the Representative of the IMF at th e Fifth Round of Informal Consultations on the 
Development Assistance Aspects of Cotton, 28 October 2005  
 
93. Thank you for giving the IMF the opportunity to participate in this new round of consultations 
on the development assistance aspects of the Cotton Initiative. In this presentation, I would like to 
inform members about a new policy development at the IMF particularly relevant to this audience, as 
it is targeted at low-income countries vulnerabl e to exogenous shocks—such as those stemming from 
the vagaries of international cotton prices.   WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 19 
 
 
 94. As announced in the communiqué of the IM FC at the recent IMF/World Bank Annual 
Meetings, a new window in the Poverty Reducti on and Growth Facility (PRGF) Trust – the 
Exogenous Shocks Facility (ESF)  – will be available to complement existing instruments by 
providing timely concessional support to low-income members without a regular PRGF arrangement 
and who are facing exogenous shoc ks. The IMF Executive Board will meet on October 31 in order to 
discuss and hopefully approve the new facility. Comp ared to existing instruments, the ESF would 
cover the full range of exogenous s hocks experienced by low-income countries, and provide financing 
at a higher level of concessionality than our traditional Emergency Assistance. The new instrument is 
expected to facilitate quick access to additiona l donor financing, while ensuring appropriate 
adjustment for the underlying shock.  
95. Mr. Chairman, allow me to highlight a few features of the ESF:  
96. Eligibility.  The shocks facility will apply to low-income countries eligible for the PRGF  –
that is, the concessional window of the IMF – but that do not have a PRGF arrangement in place. For those countries already with a PRGF arrangement, IM F assistance in the face of shocks would be 
through an increase of resources available under that arrangement.  
97. Exogenous Shock.
 The ESF is appropriate where a balance of payments need is judged to be 
due primarily to an exogenous shock. Under the E SF, an exogenous shock is defined as “an event 
beyond the control of the authorities of the memb er, with a significant negative impact on the 
economy”. Qualifying events would include co mmodity price changes (including cotton price 
changes), natural disasters, and conflicts and crises  in neighbouring countries that disrupt trade. 
Arrangements under the shocks facility would be for a length of one to two years.  
98. Resources.  We expect that the demand for financ ing under the ESF will be considerable. 
Annual access norms will be set at 25 percent of a member’s quota. However, the catalytic nature of IMF financing means that much larger resources will be provided, including in the form of additional 
concessional donor assistance. While outstanding balan ces under the shocks facility would be limited 
to 50 percent of quota given the scarcity of IMF concessional resources, access beyond this limit 
could be made available in exceptional circumstances.  
99. Conditionality.
 Conditionality in programs supported by  the shocks facility will meet the 
same standard, and fulfil the same functions as in traditional IMF-supported programs, although the 
focus on adjustment to the shock and the relativ ely short duration of the economic program means 
that less emphasis is likely to be placed on struct ural adjustment than in a multi-year program. 
Furthermore, in view of the centrality of poverty issues in these member countries, use of the facility 
would also require that the poverty reduction strategy process be undertaken, with preparation of at 
least an interim poverty reduction strategy paper having been completed by the time of the first 
review under the ESF. 
100. Mr. Chairman, the reason why I elaborated on the ESF is because it provides a new financing 
window through which the IMF is in a position to promptly assist cotton-dependent countries and 
other commodity-dependent countries in case of adve rse price developments. Indeed, in the chart 
circulated with my statement, you can see how volatile international cotton prices have been in the last five years. The good news of course is that the world price of cotton has rebounded by about 40 percent (measured in euros) since the beginning of 2005 to reach its highest level in about a year.  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 20  
 
 Cotton Outlook 'A' Index, euro cents/lb 
30405060708090
Jan-01
Mar-01
May-01
Jul-01
Sep-01
Nov-01
Jan-02
Mar-02
May-02
Jul-02
Sep-02
Nov-02
Jan-03
Mar-03
May-03
Jul-03
Sep-03
Nov-03
Jan-04
Mar-04
May-04
Jul-04
Sep-04
Nov-04
Jan-05
Mar-05
May-05
Jul-05
Sep-05euro cents/lb
 
 
101. Mr. Chairman, I would like to conclude by high lighting that despite this recent improvement 
on the price front—and early indications point to a fairly good upcoming harvest in Burkina Faso—the long-term sustainability of the cotton sector in  many sub-Saharan Afri can countries will depend 
on the quality of the structural reforms being unde rtaken. In that respect, circumstances differ from 
country to country. Let me take the examples of Togo and Chad.   
102. In Togo
, the financial difficulties of SOTOCO (T ogo's state-owned cotton company) have 
prevented payments to cotton producers for the 2004/05 season and the servicing of SOTOCO's loans 
to the banking system. The government is reviewin g options for addressing this situation, including 
the implications for producer prices for the 200 5/06 season. Cotton output in the upcoming season is 
expected to decline by at least 40 percent, as many  farmers abandoned cotton farming after they failed 
to obtain payment for their 2004/05 output.    
103. In Chad , in contrast, progress has been made with  reform of the cotton sector, in accordance 
with the measures agreed with the World Bank in  the context of the Institutional Reform Support 
Credit (IRSC). Producers are now represented on the Cotontchad Board of Directors and in August 
2005 the government adopted a roadmap, including the strategy for reforming the cotton sector and 
the timetable for privatizing Cotontchad. Cotontchad  is also finalizing a business plan for the next 
three years aimed at lowering production costs.   
Update on Development Aspects at the Sub-Committee on Cotton     
 
104. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for the opportunity to address this session of the Sub-Committee 
on Cotton on the issue of Coherence between th e Trade and Development Aspects in the cotton 
sector. In this brief presentation, I would like to update members on some recent cotton-related 
activities in the IMF’s relations with Mali, Chad, and Burkina Faso and say a few words about the 
situation in Benin. This does not mean that cotton -related activities are ignored in the IMF’s relations  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 21 
 
 
 with other low-income cotton producers, but, in the interests of members’ time, I thought it preferable 
to limit my presentation today to the four pr oponent countries of the Cotton Initiative.  
Mali  
 105. On March 7, 2005, the IMF’s Executive Bo ard approved the first review under Mali’s 
US$13.7 million PRGF arrangement. Directors not ed that economic performance was adversely 
affected by the economy's vulnerability to exogenous shocks -- in particular the decline in the world 
cotton price. At the same time, unresolved structural problems --  in particular, the persistent operating losses of the cotton sector -- and delays in carrying out reforms, continued to weigh on 
economic performance. Directors underscored the importance for the economy and for the public 
finances of improving the performance of the cotton i ndustry. They regretted the delay in privatizing 
the state-owned cotton company, CMDT, and hoped th at the authorities would make best use of the 
additional time by obtaining the support of producers and putting in  place an appropriate institutional 
and regulatory framework. Directors welcomed the recent measures to reduce the projected operating 
deficit of the cotton sector, including a fundamental reform of the producer price mechanism and cost 
reductions at the CMDT, and looked forward to thei r full implementation. At the same time, some 
Directors observed that a reduction in cotton subs idies in key cotton-producing developed countries 
could improve world cotton prices and strengthen the viability of the cotton s ector in Mali and the 
region.  
Chad
 
 
106. On February 16, 2005, the IMF’s Execu tive Board approved a US$38.2 million PRGF 
arrangement and granted additional interim assist ance of US$2.1 million under the enhanced HIPC 
initiative. While welcoming the strengthened econom ic management and  improved transparency, 
including in the management of oil resources, Direct ors stressed that Chad continued to face daunting 
challenges, including widespread poverty and impor tant impediments to growth. The authorities 
needed to continue efforts to manage the oil reve nue in an efficient and transparent manner to reduce 
poverty. Decisive progress was also needed on structur al reforms, particularly in the cotton sector, to 
lay the foundations for a sustaine d expansion of the non-oil economy. In that regard, the authorities 
will prepare a reform strategy, in consultation with  the World Bank, aimed at determining a timeline 
for the privatization of the cotton company, Cotontchad, and measures to strengthen producers’ organizations. Progress in this area, together with increased investment in infrastructure programmed 
for 2005, should contribute to productivity gains in the non-oil economy. 
Burkina Faso
 
 107. On February 2, 2005, the IMF’s Executive Bo ard completed the second and third reviews of 
Burkina Faso’s economic performance under a US $36.6 million PRGF arrangement. While Directors 
noted that Burkina Faso’s economy performed well in 2004, several challenges to sustaining 
economic success lay ahead, especially in the face of a sharp fall in world cotton prices and a rise in 
oil prices. Directors welcomed the authorities’ commi tment to structural reforms to promote economic 
growth and enhance competitiveness, particularly th e liberalization and privatization of the cotton 
sector. They agreed that the determination of the pr oducer price of cotton should continue to be the 
responsibility of the private sector parties involved.  However, and especially if the world price of 
cotton did not rebound in the coming months, Directors encouraged all parties—including the 
government as shareholder in the largest ginning  company—to discuss ways to increase the pass-
through of world prices to participants in the sector. Some Directors called on the international 
community to help Burkina Faso overcome financ ial difficulties stemming from the decline in cotton 
prices. WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 22  
 
 Benin
 
 108. The last arrangement with Benin under the PRGF e xpired in March last year. In the context of 
the last IMF Article IV consultation in Octobe r 2004, Directors called for a more determined 
implementation of structural reforms, especially with respect to the cotton sector. A background paper 
on cotton sector reform in Benin emphasized the difficulties associated with the reform program, 
including the accumulation of payment arrears by some ginners; irregularities in the provision of 
inputs; dissatisfaction among farmers with the mana gement of some producers’ organizations; and the 
existence of a quota system for ginners. Director s noted Benin’s high dependence on cotton exports 
and on trade with Nigeria, and encouraged the auth orities to intensify their efforts to promote export 
diversification while maintaining a liberal trade a nd exchange system. At the same time, it was noted 
that Benin’s poverty reduction efforts would be nefit greatly from increased access to industrial 
countries’ markets. 
(B) WORLD BANK 
Statement by the Representative of the World Bank at  the Fifth Round of Informal Consultations on 
the Development Assistance Asp ects of Cotton, 28 October 2005  
 109. Thank you, chairman. I am speaking on behalf of  Carlos Braga, senior advisor at the World 
Bank trade department, as he is currently travellin g.  The World Bank appreciates this opportunity to 
inform on the Bank's recent programs and project developments. We will focus in particular on the 
cotton-four. No doubt, the high dependence on cotton for Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali and Chad has 
important ramifications for poverty in these count ries. Beyond advocating for reform in cotton 
subsidies, the Bank and other partners are trying to assist our clients in diminishing their vulnerability 
to cotton price fluctuations. (It is worth noting that  after reaching a low of US$ 1.07 per kilogram in 
December 2004, cotton prices have recovered slight ly. During the first two months of the 2005/06 
season, they averaged US$ 1.20 per kilogram.
5) First,  we are aiming at increasing their 
competitiveness by helping them explore the desi rability of biotech cotton; strengthening their 
research capacity and reinforcing their producer associations. Second , we are urging a closer look at 
diversification to other crops, including traditional cereals and cash crops. Third , we are exploring the 
potential for protecting producers from risks through a combination of crop insurance and price risk 
management instruments. And finally , particularly in the cotton 4, we are seeking additional reforms  
of the structure of the cotton sector. The Bank is co ordinating its efforts closely with other donors and 
international agencies. Some of our joint efforts were mentioned by the European Communities (EC) 
and the IMF. The IMF also highlighted a featur e of the important development communiqué (of 
September 25) from the World Bank/IMF annual meetings.  
110. In Benin, the cotton sector is currently passi ng through a transitional phase to a liberalized 
structure. In the 1990's, the government of Benin licensed several private ginners who now make up 
about 48 percent of the country's ginning capacity. The National Company for Agricultural 
Promotion, called SONAPRA, owns the remaini ng 52 percent of the capacity. The government has 
committed itself to privatize the ginning factori es of SONAPRA, and this process started in 2003.  
111. The World Bank has an ongoing Cotton Sector Reform Project  (of US$ 18 million) that is 
aimed at facilitating the transition into a competitive system in the cotton sector in Benin. In practice, 
this means supporting the private sector operations  and institutional changes associated with the 
privatization of the ginning activities of SONAPRA. One activity of this project is the privatization of 
SONAPRA' s gins. The government of Benin has awar ded bids for three of four lots that were 
                                                      
5 Cotton prices refer to the Cotlook A Index. The recovery reflects lower expectations for the 2005/06 
output, estimated at about 24.1 million t ons (down from last season's record  26.2 million tons) according to a 
recent survey by the International Cotton Advisory Committee.   WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 23 
 
 
 advertised and has committed to transfer the fact ories by the end of October 2005 from SONAPRA to 
the successful bidders.  
112. The reform process has met some serious ch allenges over the last two years with the 
emergence of a parallel circuit for commercializatio n of inputs and seed cotton. The situation has led 
the Government to increase its intervention in th e sector for the 2004-2005 campaign, while working 
with the different actors on a revised institutiona l and regulatory framework that would improve the 
functioning of the sector. A remaining task for the government is to ensure that the newly enacted 
regulatory framework is respected by all the actors involved in the cotton sector.  
113. In Burkina Faso, the reform process conti nues to evolve positively. SOFITEX, the cotton 
company, has divested from two producing areas wher e the assets have been sold to two new private 
investors, Rheinhart and Dagris respectively. The World Bank is preparing a new Agricultural 
Diversification Project  (proposed to be US$ 35 million) with th e government of Burkina Faso, and it 
is seeking to collaborate with other donors in efforts to strengthen the sector and producer 
organizations.  
114. In Chad, progress on cotton reforms has been some what limited. This is due to the fiscal 
difficulties of the para-statal cotton processing comp any Cotonchad, and the slow pace of action on 
the reforms by the government. In 1999, the govern ment of Chad adopted a sector reform program. 
The objective of this was to improve the income of cotton farmers and enhance the efficiency of 
production. This was set to be done through the liberalization of Cotonchad and support to the 
development of strong cotton producer organizations. 
115. The Bank has supported a number of activities to move forward the reform in Chad. These 
include a technical and financial audit of Cotonchad;  analysis of alternative scenarios for privatization 
of Cotonchad; the preparation of a first stage of ex-ante poverty and social impact analysis; and an 
investor forum to discuss investor interest in the sector. Two years ago, the government of Chad 
started studying two potential scenarios for the priv atization of Cotonchad. These are (i) the floating 
and sale of shares of Cotonchad; or (ii) the sale of the assets (mainly industrial and transport 
equipment and buildings) of Cotonchad. At the re quest of the government, the World Bank was one 
of the donors that took part in a mission to pr epare a ?Roadmap? on steps necessary for the eventual 
disengagement of Government from the sector. Following the mission the Bank has programmed a 
Cotton Sector Reform Project (proposed to be US $ 15 million) for FY06/07 to support Government if 
and when the decision is taken to move ahead. Developments over the last several weeks have been encouraging as the government of Chad seems to be  moving on the reform and implementation of the 
road map. 
116. In Mali, the government has decided to postpon e the privatization of the para-statal cotton 
company.  The Bank has, however, recently approved an Agricultural Competitiveness and 
Diversification Project (US$ 46.4 million) with the government of Mali which focuses on cotton and 
diversification of crops. The French development agency is  working with the producers organizations 
to build their capacity, and we are coordinating our efforts with them.    
117. In addition to these country specific programs , a number of proposals for price risk 
management mechanisms  for cotton producers are being explor ed by the Bank and our partners. 
These can be divided into four basic approaches: (1) efforts to increase the use of international 
instruments to hedge short-term price risk; (2 ) national price risk management mechanisms, 
(3) regional price risk management mechanisms; and (4) crop and weather insurance. Finally, the 
Bank is working with The Global Environmental Fac ility (GEF) to prepare a regional program in bio-
safety which will help these four countries and Sene gal to prepare a framework for evaluating and in 
some cases, testing, genetically modified crops. In addition to our client count ries, we will be working 
with both the US government and the Agence françai se de développement (A FD) in this regard. WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 24  
 
 C. COMMON
 FUND  FOR  COMMODITIES 
Statement by the Representative of the Comm on Fund for Commodities at the Fifth Round of 
Informal Consultations on the Development Assistance Aspects of Cotton, 28 October 2005  
 118. As the prime focus is on commodities rather  than on individual countries, the Fund 
concentrates on more general problems of particular  commodities, and closely interacts with the so-
called designated international commodity bodies, in  which consumer and producer countries are duly 
represented. 
119. Cotton is one of the core commodities in the F und's project portfolio and we have established 
a strong working relation with the commodity or ganization concerned, the International Cotton 
Advisory Committee.  Our cotton project portfolio covers 16 projects with a Common Fund financing 
commitment of slightly over US$ 20 million.  Specific details about these projects can be made available to the Secretariat, wher eby we can then see which projects do qualify to be included in your 
overview of cotton-specific commitments by multilateral organizations. 
120. Thus far, we have not received any requests from our cotton-producing member countries 
seeking assistance in support of the Cotton Initiative.  The Fund, nonetheless, welcomes such 
requests, which will be assessed against the Fund' s mandate and the operational priorities of the 
Fund's current Five-Year Action Plan. 
121. The Fund wishes to reiterate its commitment to work in close co-operation with the WTO and 
ICAC in support of activities in the framework of  the development aspects of the Cotton Initiative. 
D. FAO
  
Statement by the FAO on the Development Assistance Aspects of Cotton Forwarded to the WTO 
Secretariat  
 122. In 2004, FAO prepared a proposal to work in partnership with the EU to improve the 
competitiveness and sustainability of the Cotton Indus try in West and Central Africa. Since then, 
discussions have taken place between FAO and the EU , together with other agencies, in further 
development of the proposal for action. In the cour se of October 2005 a team of consultants prepared 
a report for the EU, and it is expected that the pr oposed Plan of Action for the EU-Africa Partnership 
will be further developed in the first half of  November. The roles of the various technical 
organisations are still being resolved, and FAO stands  ready to provide expertise in a number of areas. 
These would include integrated production-protec tion management (IPPM), strategy formulation 
covering analysis of farming systems, value chains , product market studies, and risk management, as 
well as training and institutional capacity building. 
123. The FAO Sub-regional programme for participat ory training in IPPM through Farmers Field 
Schools has been working since July 2001, with f unding from the Netherlands, in Mali, Senegal and 
Burkina Faso. Benin, Ghana and Cape Verde will be added to the program beginning in 2006.  During 
the first season of the cotton component of th e programme, 375 cotton farm ers were trained in 
17 villages in Mali. On average, the IPPM plots produced 20% greater yiel ds and 58% greater net 
revenues than the conventional farmer practice contro ls, with a 68% reduction in overall pesticide use. 
The IPPM farmer applications ranged between zero  and two sprays for the season, while the number 
of sprays by non-IPPM farmers ranged between six a nd eight applications for a season. Farmers in the 
region commented that signs and symptoms of p esticide poisoning (headaches, nausea, vomiting) so 
commonplace among cotton farmers as to be considered  “normal”, are absent with the IPPM practice.  
124. Being fully aware that cotton/cereal/livestock systems in West Africa were of great 
importance for the economy of many countries and th at the existing practices were resulting in cycles  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 25 
 
 
 of soil fertility decline and impending disaster, FAO began in 2001 working through with six farmers 
groups (cotton/cereal producers) in a joint effort with the Direction Regionale de l’Agriculture des Haut Bassins, INERA, and other nati onal institutions in Burkina Faso.  The thrust is to explore with 
farmers how new approaches to crop and soil manage ment (like those of small-holder farmers in 
Santa Caterina State, Brazil) could be adapted to local production systems to improve soil fertility, 
and produce –competitively- better crops for fo od and for livestock feed. Improving livestock 
production by improvement of feed availability is one of the most promising avenues to improve 
incomes and diversify the cotton-dominated agro- ecosystem. CIRAD, IITA and more recently ILRI 
are active partners in this ‘bench mark’ work.  Reduced tillage systems -with crop residues protected 
by living fence, the introduction of early maturing and dual-purpose cowpeas, Brachiaria  forage, 
Macuna  cover crops, silage pits and a several ot her technology mixes (e.g. improved cassava, 
soybean, jab-planters etc) are being adapted and pi cked-up by farmers; these will be introduced as 
entry points for further adaptation into the FFS tr aining programmes mentioned above under IPPM.  
Horticulture, as another option for diversification in cotton-based ecologies is being promoted. FAO 
facilitates a regional network (RADHORT) for Fran cophone West Africa that provides opportunities 
for technology development and sharing and a base to work with national programmes addressing the 
needs and opportunities associated with segmented  markets such as Organic and GAPs. The work 
underway provides an entry point for farm-based di scovery in FFS through the cotton based ecozones 
in West Africa which is the potential ‘bread b asket’ ecology for crop, cereal, and livestock production 
in the region.  Similar ecological zones are found in Eastern and Southern Africa and the IPPM approach in cotton/cereal/livestock can and should be expanded.   
Activities of FAO’s Good Agricultural Prac tices initiative in West Africa since 2003
 
 125. The objective of the project is to contribute to the sustainability of the cotton sector in 
Burkina Faso through improvements at the production  level, by supporting identification and adoption 
of better production practices and technologies (Good Ag ricultural Practices or GAP) to improve farm 
profitability and yields; soil fertility; resources use and living conditions and safety on farm. This is 
done by providing technical advice, empowering farm ers and their organizations to make decisions, 
promoting GAP along the supply chain and improvi ng research-extension-farmer linkages. Activities 
and outputs undertaken include: 
(a) Participatory assessment on GAP (2003-2004) 
(i) Review of FAO on-going activities on sustainable cotton production with a 
view to build on existing projects, i.e.:  
- FAO Global IPM Facility Farmer Field Schools (FFS) Training on 
Integrated Pest Management Cotto n (Mali, Burkina Faso) (see above) 
- FAO Crops and Grasslands service ac tivities to support introduction 
of sustainable agricultural tec hnologies in cotton-based systems 
including conservation agriculture and integration of crop and feed 
production, in 5 sites of Western Burkina Faso (see above) 
(ii) Focus groups in 5 villages on GAP, interviews with key stakeholders 
(iii) Study « Dynamics of sustainable intensification of cotton-cereal-livestock 
systems in Western BKF»  
(iv) Study « Institutional analysis of majo r stakeholders perceptions on GAP for 
cotton-cereal-livestock systems in Western BKF» (farmer organizations, 
research and extension, cotton company, government) WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 26  
 
 (b) Multistakeholder GAP workshop (March 2004, Bobo Dioulasso) 
(i) Workshop gathered farmers and farmer s organizations (UNPCB cotton union 
and others), government ministries and local government, private operators (SOFITEX cotton company, cereal companies, input suppliers), research, extension, NGOs, donor agencies.  
(ii) Workshop Outcomes included: 
- stakeholder diagnostic on sustainability issues  - definition of GAP: identification of  areas of convergence, divergence 
and uncertainties on what constitutes GAP among stakeholders 
- factors hindering adoption  
- identification of concrete actions 
(c) Capacity building and policy activities 2005 
(i) Development of GAP training material  for Farmer Field Schools (FFS) for 
cotton-systems, useable in other countries in West Africa (completion 2006) 
(ii) Pilot Farmer Field School training on GAP for cotton-systems 
(iii) Capacity building of farmers’ organization to support GAP 
(iv) Sensitization activities on economic, envir onmental & health risks related to 
current agricultural practices 
(v) FAO-UNEP feasibility studies on the establishment of ‘GAP cotton’ supply 
chains in Burkina Faso and Mali a nd identification of necessary support 
activities. The feasibility studies are undertaken in coordination with the 
Better Cotton Group (a multistakeholder group facilitated by WWF and IFC 
which aims at developing standard s for “Better Cotton” and includes 
interested textile manufacturers and retailers, such as Ikea, the GAP and 
Adidas). Completion planned February-March 2006, FAO-UNEP workshop planned in March 2006 in Paris. This will lead to the formulation of a 3-
5 year programme proposal for funding by donors.  
126. These activities have been undertaken since 2003 with support from the governments of the 
Netherlands and Norway. They are coordinated by FAO AGD under FAO’s Priority Area for Interdisciplinary Action on Integrated Producti on Systems (PROD PAIA) with contribution from 
FAO’s Crops and Grassland Service (AGPC) a nd Plant Protection Service Global IPM Facility 
(AGPP), as well as the Land and Water Service (AGLW) and the Marketing and Finance Service 
(AGSF). National Partners are the Union Nationale  des Producteurs de Coton du Burkina (UNPCB), 
the INERA and the Ministry of Agriculture. 
127. Participants in the Consultations would recall the work done by FAO in 2004, with support of 
the Government of the UK (DFID), aimed at impr oving our understanding of the impact of OECD 
agricultural policies. Under this project, an expert consultation on co tton was held at FAO 
headquarters in Rome, 31 May and 1 June 2004. This  consultation resulted in the preparation of  a  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 27 
 
 
 Trade Policy Brief and the Trade Policy Technical Note on cotton6, which focussed on the issue of 
why there is such variation among the various studies on the impact which support policies for cotton have on the global market and on de veloping countries. One reason for the diverse results is that there 
is no good understanding of the elasticity of supply  for cotton, i.e., the extent to which cotton 
production increases or decreases in response to changes in price. FAO has recently funded further 
research on this topic, and a new study on the el asticities of supply for cotton is expected to be 
completed by the end of 2005. 
128. FAO technical expertise has very recently been provided to: 
(a) 2ème réunion des acteurs ACP de la filière coton (2
nd Meeting of stakeholders in the 
ACP Cotton Sector (Lomé, Togo - 2 - 4 November 2005); and 
(b) A Workshop on Cotton in New York on 1 November 2005. At the invitation of 
Benin, the FAO dispatched a Trade Polic y Expert to this New York Workshop on 
cotton subsidies to participate in the panel discussion on the subject as per the invitation. 
129. The Investment Centre of FAO will assist the African Development Bank (AfDB) in the 
preparation of a Multinational Programme to E nhance the Competitiveness of the Cotton-Textiles 
Sector. The programme will be initially implemented in four West African countries (Benin, Burkina 
Faso, Chad and Mali) which will include productiv ity enhancement initiatives in cotton research and 
production, processing and textile industry. According to the conclusions of the identification mission, 
the programme will involve a total of US$ 73  million with AfDB funding in the order of 
US$ 22.5 million. Other donors are expected to co -finance the programme (B OAD, UNIDO, IsDB). 
The preparation exercise will begin in mid-Novemb er 2005 and expected to be finalized by mid-
April 2006. 
130. In June 2005 in Burkina Faso FAO organized a two-day technical seminar in Bobo-Dioulasso 
with the public and private sectors which was co-c haired by the President of the Cotton Producers 
Union and FAO. 
E. ICAC 
Statement by ICAC on the Development Assist ance Aspects of Cotton Forwarded to the WTO 
Secretariat  
131. The ICAC is contributing to the delivery of de velopment assistance for cotton. The ICAC is 
sponsoring projects funded by the Common Fund fo r Commodities (CFC) dealing with sustainable 
cotton production and the adoption of instrument testing systems for cotton in African countries. in 
addition, technical seminars organized by the ICAC are contributing to technology transfer in Africa, 
Asia and Latin America. under the work program ju st approved, the ICAC Secretariat will facilitate 
the development and encourage the implementation of best management practices that result in 
sustainable production of cotton with rising yields in developing countries, especially countries in Africa.  
                                                     
 
6  http://www.fao.org/trade/policy_en.asp   WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 28  
 
 F. ITC
 AND  JITAP 
Progress Report by the ITC on the Development Assi stance Aspects of Cotton Forwarded to the WTO 
Secretariat  
Trade-Related Technical Assistance in the Area of Cotton  
 
132. ITC is presently working on four aspects/project s for Cotton-exporting countries. These are:  
133. Malawi : Under JITAP Module IV, ITC was invited to assist the Malawi Export Promotion 
Council and the Cabinet’s National Ac tion Group to develop a trade strategy for the cotton sector in 
2005.  The scope of the strategy was defined as covering everything from cotton-based textiles and 
garments through seed oil and cake, to yarn, lint,  seed cotton and farm inputs for the domestic and 
export markets. ITC’s role was to facilitate the improvement of stakeholde rs’ cooperation through the 
development of a trade strategy to improve the lo ng-term prospects for the industry. Stakeholders 
representing all stages of the cotton value chai n, government agencies, trade and business support 
services worked together with buyers and intern ational specialists in a series of workshops in 
November 2005.  They analysed opportunities in different markets, diagno sed the performance of 
each stage of their value chains and developed ac tion plans for the development of the whole sector. 
In a second workshop, participants will develop a st rategy and implementation plans, and organise 
resources for implementation. The outputs are being closely monitored by the State President and are 
regularly presented to the Permanent Secretaries of each of the ministries involved. Implementation of 
the strategy is scheduled to start in early 2006. 
134. ITC has been included in the EU Capacity Building Programme  in Support of the 
Implementation of the EU Commodity Action Plan, including the EU-Africa Cotton Action Plan. 
Within the overall framework of this programme ITC will assist selected countries in developing 
cotton sector strategies  and in developing cotton exports to newly emerging markets in Asia . 
135. Cotton Exporter’s Guide : Based on an official request received from the Permanent Mission 
of Benin to the WTO on behalf of the cotton pro ponent countries, ITC elaborated a detailed outline 
for a cotton exporters’ guide. This guide will be a reference guide for cotton exporters, and especially 
small-holders and traders, on how to  export cotton to the world. It w ill address practical trade-related 
concerns of cotton-producing SMEs. The Guide will give practical advice and directions to 
understand market requirements and will outline ho w to approach and make business in new and 
growing markets. It will contain operational inform ation on the international cotton market and its 
requirements. It will culminate in providing practi cal guidelines on how to c onclude orders and how 
to manage the overall export process of cotton. A major part of the guide will focus on new cotton 
markets in Asia and how best to penetrate them.  
136. The proposal for the guide has been submitted to  three donor countries that showed interest, 
in principle, in financing the guide. 
137. South-South Trade Promotion for Cotton made in Africa : Following the end of the T&C 
quota system, the demand pattern of cotton is changi ng towards Asia. Against this background, ITC is 
developing, together with a major Asian cotton impo rting country, a technical assistance project for 
African cotton exporters. This proposal is based on the principle of Technical Cooperation among 
Developing Countries (TCDC). The Asian cotton impor ting country will channel its TRTA in the area 
of cotton as well as value-added products through ITC, complementing approaches and developing 
synergies. The planned project will give African co tton exporters an in-depth  understanding of Asian 
market requirements. It will result in developing close south-south partnerships between African 
cotton exporting countries and Asian cotton importi ng countries, including for value-added products. 
Once this pilot project has been concluded, simila r projects with other Asian importing countries will 
be pursued. Additional resources for this approach are still required.  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 29 
 
 
 G. UNCTAD 
Statement by the Representative of UNCTAD at the Fifth Round of Informal Consultations on the 
Development Assistance Aspects of Cotton, 28 October 2005  
 138. UNCTAD's work on commodities covers many areas which are of direct interest to the 
developmental problems of the cotton sector. The analytical and policy work on commodities is 
normally undertaken on a thematic rather than a commodity specific basis, but the findings and 
proposals generated therein can find useful applica tions in the cotton sector. Moreover, if and when 
extra budgetary resources permit, and based upon re quest from interested governments, technical 
cooperation work on specific commodities, includi ng cotton are undertaken. It is expected that 
UNCTAD's participation as one of the principal pa rtners of the EU action Plan on Commodities will 
facilitate some country based activities, including on cotton.  
139. Some of the cross cutting issues covered in respect of commodities and with relevance to 
cotton are:  
• Commodity sector development and diversification - where the purpose is to 
contribute to increasing the value added create d and retained in the country as well as 
improving the development gains obtai ned from the production and trade of 
commodities by developing countries. We ha ve received requests for cotton specific 
assistance but have not been able to respond owing to lack of funds.  
• Innovative financing for agriculture -  wher e the purpose is to reduce the costs and 
increase the availability of financing for ag riculture through innovative techniques, 
particularly through securitized earnings along the supply chain. Experience has 
shown that small farmers can benefit considerably through such schemes.  
• Price risk management  - where our work  complements that undertaken elsewhere, 
with a unique emphasis on risk management for oil import costs. This has a crucial 
impact on input and transport costs faced by cotton producers and traders.  
• Commodity exchanges - where our work assist s in the establishment and operation of 
these institutions which have a very importa nt function in improving transparency of 
commodity trade and, therefore, empowerment of local producers and traders. Cotton 
is one of the commodities that can be traded on commodity exchanges. 
140. The African Union's Extraordin ary Conference of Ministers of Trade on Commodities which 
will take place in Arusha in late November  2005, and for which UNCTAD has prepared the 
substantive contribution will pay special attention to the establishment of commodity exchanges in 
Africa.  
• Information - where we believe an asymmetry in access to and utilization of 
information is a very important factor hampering competitiveness, UNCTAD 
maintains the INFOCOMM portal (http://w ww.unctad.org/infocomm/) which 
provides free and user friendly data a nd links to sources of information for 
commodities, including cotton, in English, French and Spanish. A new development is to extend the system to national and commodity specific applications with the 
purpose of reaching a much wider local audience and bringing them detailed as well as comprehensive information. The fi rst example of this country based 
implementation is for cocoa in Came roon. If demanded and resources permit, 
extension to the cotton sector of specific countries can be envisaged. 
 WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 30  
 
 141. UNCTAD has implemented a modest project "Improving the sustainability of cotton 
production in West and Central Africa" in c ooperation with International Cotton Advisory 
Committee, and financed by the Common Fund for Commodities. In line with  the concern to be 
focused and specific, the workshop organized in Bamako earlier this year came up with specific 
recommendations on (i) increasing capacities in the pub lic sector, (ii) improving the competitiveness 
of cotton fibre, (iii) improving so il fertility and (iv) st rengthening research and dissemination. Follow 
up activities and specific projects are under consideration. 
142.  Finally, UNCTAD has supported substantively and organizationally, the panel meeting called 
by the Government of Benin on 1 November in New York in the context of the UN General 
Assembly.  The meeting will discuss commodity issu es with particular emphasis on cotton and bring 
its important topic to the atten tion of delegations in New York. 
H. UNIDO 
Statement by the Representative of UNIDO at the Fifth Round of Informal Consultations on the 
Development Assistance Aspects of Cotton, 28 October 2005  
 
143. Based on UNIDO’s mandate, experience and comparative advantages, the following actions 
could be implemented by UNIDO: 
National and regional strategies  
 
(a) National policies and strategies for devel opment of cotton and related institutional 
and regulation reforms  (Investment, Funding, Technology transfer, etc) elaborated 
for selected African countries producers of  cotton and submitted to policy-making 
organs for approval. The strategy will include sectoral competitiveness analysis including actions plans and Road map (Green and White Papers).  The analysis should focus on problems facing export of th e African cotton products, investments in 
chain integration activities, technology tran sfer and quality of cotton products and 
establishment of strategy and action plan for selected African countries producers of 
cotton; 
(b) National capacity building in the field of investment and technology transfer 
including: strengthening capacities of the national investment promotion agencies, 
establishment of regional/national investment data basis, organization of sub-regional 
Cotton Investment Forums. 
Policies and institutions
 
 
(c) Capacities of the existing support instituti ons enhanced: Cotton/Textile Technical 
Centers and Cotton Trade Associations in selected countries and assistance for 
transforming them into sub-regional center for technical assistance in the field of 
cotton (Centre of reference). The Technical  Centers could provide to the various 
players of the cotton chain appropriate tec hnical assistance in the field of training, 
consultancy, information and technology  watch services, CAD/CAM services, quality 
management and productivity, analysis and testing; Technical centers are critical to 
the success of cotton value chains and are important providers of specialized services to their members;  
(d) Traditional textile industry promoted through entrepreneurial, technical and market 
training; upgrading of equipment; new produc t development, organization of artisan 
associations and regional cooperation.   WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 31 
 
 
 Technology innovation  
 
(e) National capacities of the quality infrastructure strengthened with focus on cotton at 
regional and national levels including: harmonization of policy and procedures for 
testing and classification of cotton products , development, adoption and promotion of 
standards related to cotton products (inc luding the African Standard for Cotton), 
accreditation of selected laboratories (specia lized in testing cotton products) to be 
selected from selected African countries producers of cotton, training of classifiers of cotton fibre, laboratory staff, association of farmers, reduction of contamination, 
development of documentation centres (TBT  and standards library) with focus on 
cotton needs; 
(f) Quality Assurance systems and GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) introduced on 
pilot demonstration basis in select ed cotton and textile enterprises; 
(g) Instrument-based cotton quality evaluation system (HVI - High Volume Instrument) 
established for grading and testing cotton fibre on pilot basis in four Sub-regional 
Cotton Technical Centres; 
(h) Cotton quality database developed based on HVI classification for selected African 
countries producers of cotton (countries using HVI systems). This system is being implemented in some developed country producers of cotton - the USA, Australia, Brazil, Israel, China, etc; The Secretar iat of the International Cotton Advisory 
Committee estimates that 30% of worl d cotton production was evaluated with 
instrument classing systems in 2002/2003; 
(i) Special Cotton Label for African Cotton de veloped and promoted with the aim to 
standardise the quality of cotton in cooperation with the African Association for Cotton. 
Chain Integration
 
 
(j) Supply capacity strengthened to improve productivity and competitiveness on pilot 
demonstration basis through restructuring an d upgrading of selected cotton and textile 
enterprises (access to new technologies a nd innovations, strategy development, 
market promotion,). The enterprises will be selected from selected African countries 
producers of cotton.  Our objective is to in crease the local transformation at first and 
second levels in the cotton, tex tiles and garments value chain; 
(k) Export capacities of cotton and textile ente rprises and market information system 
developed in selected African region; 
(l) Market image enhanced and Brand of Afri can cotton/textiles and Garments products 
promoted in cooperation with the African Cotton Association; 
(m) Global forums (in each African region) on In tegration of African Cotton/Textiles and 
Garments products in the Global Productio n Networks in cooperation with the 
African Business Round Table (Cotton/Garments/Textiles cluster).  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
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V. REGIONAL AGENCIES 
A. AFRICAN
 DEVELOPMENT  BANK 
Statement by the Representative of the African De velopment Bank at the Fifth Round of Informal 
Consultations on the Development Assist ance Aspects of Cotton, 28 October 2005  
 
Multinational Programme to Enhance the Competiti veness of the Cotton-Textiles Sector - Summary 
and Conclusions of the Identification Report on Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire and Mali  
 
Introduction  
144. Cotton plays a vital role in the economies of West and Central African countries (WCA).  
Cotton production accounts for 5 – 10 per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP) in those producing countries it, particularly Benin, Burkina F aso, Chad, Mali etc., and plays a leading role in 
their trade balance, generating close to 30 per cen t of total export earnings and over 60 per cent of 
revenue from agricultural exports.  Over 10 million pe ople in the sub-region depend directly on cotton 
production and it makes a substantial contribution to reducing poverty in rural areas.  Consequently, 
cotton holds a strategic position in development policies and poverty reduction programmes in WCA 
countries.  In line with its vision for poverty re duction in Regional Member Countries (RMC), the 
African Development Bank (ADB) Group requested the FAO's Investment Centre to undertake 
missions to Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire and Mali in February - March 20 05 in order to define a 
multinational programme to enhance competitiveness in  the cotton-textiles sector that could be the 
subject of financing, together with the government services concerned, actors in the sector and others 
involved. 
145. This initiative follows the recommendations made  by the Ministers for Agriculture of WCA 
countries, which met in Abidjan on 25 and 26 June 2002 to consider measures to enhance 
competitiveness in the cotton sector.  One of these measures was the preparation and implementation 
of a programme taking into account common interest s as regards cotton within the framework of the 
New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) .  Moreover, in its December 2003 agenda for 
the competitiveness of the cotton and textiles sector , the West African Economic and Monetary Union 
(WAEMU) set a goal of processing 25 per cent of cott on lint by 2010, creating 50,000 direct jobs in 
the textiles and clothing sector and boosting the development of local know-how.  The African 
Regional Workshop on Cotton of the World Trad e Organization (WTO) in March 2004 also made 
recommendations.  The ADB is considering supporting these initiatives, but would first like to be sure 
of their technical feasibility and the commitmen t and interest of the countries concerned.  
Analysis
 
 146. Production of seed cotton
.  Seed cotton is grown in the four countries visited (Benin, Burkina 
Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali) by some one million producers, grouped into  around 20,000 grassroots 
organizations, with the support of State-owned or private cotton companies, covering an area 
estimated to be 1,720,000 hectares in 2004/2005.   The average area cultivated by each producer 
differs greatly from one country to another, but th e average is two hectare.   Estimated production is 
1,900,000 tonnes of seed cotton and the average yiel d is 1,100 kg/hectare.  The purchase price of seed 
cotton in 2004/2005 ranged from CFAF 185-210 kg depending on the country. 
147. It is expected that the price of seed cotton in the 2005-2006 season, will fall to 
CFAF 130-150 kg.  Production costs are around CFAF 170/kg for seed cotton, of which CFAF 95 represents the purchase of inputs.  In the medium term , it is expected that the price of cotton lint will 
increase.  In the long term, the trend in cotton prices will continue to fall as a result of technological innovation (genetically modified cotton, etc.) and the emergence of new actors (Brazil, Turkey, etc).   WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 45 
 
 
 In order to remain competitive on the international scen e, it is important to invest in technology to 
protect the competitiveness of seed cotton and cotton lint.  
148. As far as production is concerned, the followi ng weaknesses are noted:  fluctuations in the 
purchase price of seed cotton, shortcomings in support and advice, no improvement in yields, doubts 
concerning soil fertility, limited access to inputs and agricultural machinery, failure to respect 
technical procedures, delays in collecting and payi ng for seed cotton, poor quality seed, failure to use 
chemical de-linting, and contamination of cotton. 
149. Cotton research .  With the exception of Côte d'Ivoire , where it has been privatized, cotton 
research is conducted by national institutions.  The main problem is the random way in which it is 
financed.  Furthermore, there are shortcomings in the following areas:  training of researchers, 
potential for analysing cotton lint, biotechnologica l competence, micro facilities for ginning and 
laboratory ginners, exchange of plant material and information, and the biotechnological legal 
framework.  There are also very few regional excha nges, which would allow synergy in the use of the 
limited human and material resources. 
150. Ginning and de-linting .  In the case of ginning, there ar e problems in obtaining supplies of 
spare parts and consumables, maintenance and m onitoring, the use of contaminating packaging, 
inadequate ongoing training, particularly on quality.  Chemical de-linting of seed has a high potential 
for increasing competitiveness, but it is not used in Burkina Faso. 
151. Marketing and quality of the lint .  Manual sorting of bales is not adapted to a market that 
increasingly demands mechanically-sorted lint.  W est African cotton companies, with little or no 
equipment, are therefore the actors in the sector th at are the least knowledgeable about their product. 
152. The crisis in the textile industry .  Since 2000, the situation in the WCA textile industry has 
rapidly deteriorated.  In a few years, turnover in th e majority of plants has fallen by over 60 per cent 
as a result of lower volumes and selling prices.  The plants are often working at 5-25 per cent of their capacity, which does not allow a return on investment .  Most enterprises do not have the capacity to 
finance the necessary restructuring and have no cred ibility with financing ins titutions.  Today, the 
textile sector is disappearing.  The basic problem is that the industry has lost its competitiveness in 
national and regional markets because of four e xogenous factors, namely:  (a) the fall in the 
US dollar/CFAF rate since 2002 and the strong CFAF ;  (b) the freefall in international prices (in 
US dollars) for textiles since the late 1990s;  (c) the end of the Multi-fibre Arrangement (MFA) in 
December 2004;  and (d) aggressive exports by Asian countries.  Furthermore, internal factors have 
helped to bring about the current crisis:  (i) the crisis in Côte d'Ivoire, which accounted for some 
50 per cent of the sector's turnover before the crisis;  and (ii) the poor performance of the systems for 
customs protection system of the textile market in the WAEMU zone;  (iii) the high cost of production 
factors (electricity, water, personnel, transpor t, freight, consumables and spare parts); and 
(iv) inadequate access to financing, the banks bei ng extremely nervous as rega rds financing the textile 
sector. 
153. Competitiveness of the textile mills and clothing sub-sector
.  Traditional spinning mills are 
competitive at current cotton prices provided that they  are "export oriented" and they should be able to 
take their place on major export markets, but they have not developed these sub-sectors.  "Open-end" 
spinning mills are not very competitive unless they are given a rebate on the cost of the cotton.  
Weaving of unbleached cotton for fancy goods is not very competitive because of the cost of factors (particularly energy) and low productivity (personnel and obsolete equipment).  Printed fancy fabric is 
not very competitive if there is no effective combat  against unlawful imports.   On the other hand, 
fancy fabrics produced locally are of better quality.  It is essential to focus on quality, creativeness, 
new designs and promotion.  In order to become competitive, the sub-sector needs subsidized cotton 
(preferential selling prices).  The WAEMU zone has not benefited from the AGOA because there are 
no industrial clothing companies. WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 46  
 
 154. Regional market
.  The WAEMU market for textiles for clothing is estimated to be CFAF 
700-900 billion and that of the four countries consider ed (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali) to 
be some CFAF 500 billion.  Around Some 10 to 15 pe r cent of the supply (or less following the crisis 
in Côte d'Ivoire), comes from the regional industr y, 15 to 20 per cent from legal imports, particularly 
from Asia, 17 to 20 per cent is worn clothing and ar ound 50 per cent is unlawful imports, particularly 
from Asia (estimates).  The major segment is printe d fabric for loincloths (fancy and waxed fabrics) 
used mainly to make traditional clothing for women.   This is the traditional market for the local 
industry.  For the four countries considered, the market  is estimated to be 109 million metres annually. 
155. Key elements of an intervention strategy .  The analyses show that:  (a) a rebate on the cost of 
cotton (subsidy) and energy at industrial rates are the preconditions for develo ping exports of woven 
fabrics;  (b) the precondition for regaining the market  for fancy/waxed fabrics is to wage an effective 
combat against unlawful imports by properly applyi ng taxes (flat rate), measures to target mass 
imports of worn clothing, and subsidized cotton. 
156. Donors' strategies and intervention .  Reform and enhancement of the competitiveness of the 
cotton sector receive support from the World Bank, France and, to a lesser extent, Switzerland, FAO, 
the GTZ, etc.  The World Bank and France support lib eralization of the sector, reorganization of the 
rural community and agricultural diversification in cotton zones in particular.  Support is also given 
for research and support and advice, but it does not cover needs.  The ADB and the WADB play an 
active role in implementing the WAEMU's agenda for the competitiveness of the cotton and textiles 
sector, particularly the "textile" component.  Thro ugh the CDE, the European Union has been a donor 
in textile processing.  The EU has traditi onally had few activities in the cotton sector. 
Objectives of the Programme  
 157. Intervention under the Programme focuses on two major sectors of activity in the cotton and 
textiles/clothing sectors, namely: 
 (a) The cotton sector, including cotton grow ing, ginning and marketing of cotton lint; 
 
 (b) the textiles and clothing sub-sector, starting with spinning up to the making of final 
products. 
 158. Objectives
.  The global objective  of the Programme is to contribute to poverty reduction in 
cotton-producing countries.  The general objective  of the Programme is to secure and improve 
sustainably the incomes of cotton sector play ers and to boost local processing of cotton. 
159. The specific objectives of the Programme are: 
 (i) To enhance the competitiveness of seed cotton and cotton lint; 
  (ii) to create an overall competitive framewo rk for the cotton and textiles and clothing 
sectors; 
  (iii) to strengthen and/or de velop competitive activities in the are of textiles and clothing. 
  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
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 Intervention Strategy  
 160. The intervention strategy proposed for the Progr amme is adapted to the two major sectors of 
activity in the cotton and textiles sectors, namely:  (1) the cotton sector, including ginning and marketing;  and (2) the textiles and clothing sub-sector. 
161. Cotton
.  In the cotton sector, there are opportunitie s for intervention in relation to research, 
the quality of cotton lint and agricultural machinery,  whose potential impact justifies the investment 
needed, even on the basis of con servative hypotheses.  In addition, regional collaboration on research 
would lead to economies of scale.  These activitie s complement those of the French Development 
Agency (AFD) and the World Bank, which for several  years have been supporting action to liberalize 
the sector and reorganize the rural community. 
162. Textiles .  In the textiles and clothing sub-sector, the investment climate in West Africa is 
negative because of the following factors:  (a) th e weakness of the United States dollar and a strong 
CFAF;  (b) fierce competition from Asia, particularly China;  (c) mass imports of worn clothing;  and 
(d) a structural lack of competitiv eness on the domestic market by th e local textile in dustry because of 
the high cost of production factors. 
163. Handicrafts and materials for packaging cotton ar e interesting niches that could be developed 
without serious risk, even though they concern re latively limited volumes of cotton (less than 2 per 
cent of domestic cotton production).  In order to pr ocess large volumes of cotton lint, it is essential;  
(a) to develop export-oriented spinning mills;  (b) to win back at least part of the domestic market for printed fabrics (fancy and waxed fabrics).  Devel opment of the clothing industry would allow the 
benefits under the AGOA to be utilized but would no t necessitate large volumes of cotton.  This is 
also an extremely competitive branch. 
164. In order to develop some spinning mills with  export potential and regain the regional market 
for fancy and waxed fabrics, it is essential that th e selling price of cotton be subsidized and that 
energy be at industrial rates in order to offset the high costs of production factors.  Mali has already 
adopted such measures for investors (for example, the FITINA).  In order to win back the regional 
market for fancy and waxed fabrics, protection of the regional market is also a priority. 
165. Under these circumstances, the proposed Progr amme is based on an ambitious but risky 
strategy with a relatively low level of internal ec onomic profitability.  Fina ncial commitments by the 
States concerned will therefore be essential in order to ensure competitiveness and minimal 
profitability and to attract private investors.  It is not certain that there are enough 
entrepreneurs/investors seeking to invest  in the sector at the present moment. 
166. Areas of intervention, "seed cotton/cotton lint" component
.  The following are the areas of 
intervention for the "seed cotton/co tton lint" component:  (i) improvement of the potential of the 
plants and their dissemination through support for r esearch;  intervention here should lead to higher 
yields on a sustainable basis and a reduction in production costs;  (ii) improved production of seed 
cotton (output and quality), making farmers more pr ofessional;  (iii) better performance in industrial 
ginning, which should lead to improved performance and higher prices on the international market for 
farmers;  and (iv) better marketing by raising the quality;  this should help to improve the reputation 
of West Africa's cotton. 
167. Areas of intervention, "textiles and clothing" component" .  An "open" and flexible approach, 
with a proper understanding of the problem at both ends of the chain (spinning and the clothing 
industry) is proposed. 
168. Intervention following an upstream to downstrea m approach involves the following steps:  
(i) protection of the regional market (measures to combat unlawful imports);  (ii) upgrading existing WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 48  
 
 industrial plants with a view to identified and target ed markets;  (iii) taking advantage of national and 
regional markets;  (iv) enhancing competitiveness on in ternational markets;  and (v) utilizing to the 
utmost the possible regional industrial s ynergies and starting up a virtuous circle. 
169. Intervention following a downstream to upstrea m approach involves the following steps:  
(i) creation of "clothing" pilot units for basic goods  with the implementation of training programmes;  
(ii) making more sophisticated goods and action to promote the clothing industry;  and (iii) support 
for private entrepreneurs creating ancillary activities. 
170. For this goal, five priority areas have been identified (i) e nhancement of the competitiveness 
of some spinning mills with export potential;  (ii)  winning back part of the market for fancy and 
waxed materials;  (iii) materials for packaging and unbleached fabrics for furnishings (niches);  
(iv) strengthening and development of  textile handicrafts;  and (iv) cr eation of a clothing industry hub. 
171. Handicrafts and materials for packaging cott on are interesting niches, but they concern 
relatively limited quantities at the regional level (less than 2 per cent of domestic production of 
cotton).  In order to process large amounts, it is essen tial to develop other segment s.  In order to make 
spinning mills and the manufacture of fancy and waxe d fabrics profitable, it is necessary:  (a) to 
protect the local market adequately by imposing taxes properly;  and (b) establishing a policy to 
subsidize the price of cotton lint in order to offset  the uncompetitive costs of other production factors.   
172. Form of intervention.
  Based on the fact that competitiven ess and the emergence of a sector 
have implications at the national level on the one hand, while large ec onomies of scale at the regional 
level are possible on the other, the programme will have two levels of action:  (i ) the national level, by 
implementing programmes in the four priority co untries;  national components in Benin, Burkina 
Faso, Côte d'Ivoire and Mali;  and (ii) the regional level under the auspices of the WAEMU. 
Components of the Programme  
  A. Creation of a framework favourable to development of the sector;  B. Support for production of seed cotton and cotton lint; 
 C. Improved competitiveness in the textiles and clothing sub-sector; 
 D. Promotion of private investment and identification of markets;  and  E. Administration and coordination of the Programme.  173. Component A.  "Creation of a framework favourable to development of the sector"
.  This 
component's objective is to establish a competitive fram ework that allows the existing industries to be 
safeguarded and strengthened and to promote new investment.  The subcomponents are:  (a) an 
analysis of the institutional provisions for crea ting a favourable framework;  (b) consultation, 
exchange and national and regional planning;  (c) a more vigorous combat against unlawful imports;  
(d) measures to support the competitiveness of industrial activity (making cotton lint and energy available on preferential terms);  (e) the creation of  hubs of competitiveness for the textiles, clothing 
and handicrafts industry;  (f) measures to secure and support investment;  and (g) support for the 
regional reference and training centre for co tton technology and processing (CERFITEX).  
Component A includes government investment. 
174. Component B.   "Support for production of seed cotton and cotton lint"
.  This component is 
composed of activities in support of the production of seed cotton and cotton lint, identified by the mission and deemed to complement the action being taken elsewhere.  In the first place, it involves 
support for "research and development".  The guiding principle of the research action will be to 
achieve economies of scale at the regional level by creating centres of excellence within existing 
research institutions, which should work within a ne twork.  Thematic and regional annual workshops 
on programming and exchange will be financed.  A fund to support resear ch will be set up in order to 
finance research projects on the basis of precise crit eria and with the obligation to produce results.   WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 49 
 
 
 Secondly, production of seed cotton will receive s upport focussing on three activities:  (a) access to 
agricultural machinery through a line of credit;  (b) the elimination of contaminating matter;  and 
(c) the preparation of a strategy for disseminati ng agricultural knowledge.  As regards cotton lint, 
support for industrial ginning will include action ai med at upgrading, the organization of a regional 
structure for the supply of spare parts and the crea tion of micro facilities for ginning.  Lastly, raising 
the quality of seed cotton and cotton lint will include  definition of a strategy, quality audits, training 
of supervisory teams and disseminating knowledge  in order to correct negative practices.  
Furthermore, the programme will support the develo pment of laboratories for mechanized commercial 
sorting.  Support for research, disseminating knowledge and improving quality will require 
government investment.  Upgrading ginning fac ilities will require joint government and private 
investment. 
175. Component C .  "Improved competitiveness in the textiles and clothing sub-sector ".  The aim 
of this component is to enhance competitiveness by raising the level of the qualifications of operators, 
productivity and quality.  These activities will be finan ced through an industrialization fund for the 
textiles, clothing and ginning industry.  This fund will support:  (a) the upgrading of industrial 
companies that still have a certain level of competitiv eness;  (b) specialized equipment;  (c) expertise;  
(d) training of technicians and mana gerial staff;  (e) im proving quality control systems;  (f) supporting 
creation and innovation;  and (g) setting up a joint pu rchasing structure for supp lies and consumables.  
Textiles and ginning industries will be eligible.  Th e fund will finance 30 per cent of the investment, 
with the remainder being financed by private i nvestors or by other means.  Preferably, the 
establishment of the fund could be combined a nd harmonized with the regional investment fund 
envisaged under the WAEMU's age nda for the competitiveness of the cotton and textiles sector.  At 
the national and regional levels, the Programme will identify companies that show dynamism as 
regards products and markets.  It will propose a plan for their upgrading w ith the costs shared.  
Industrial enterprises with potential that declare an in terest and volunteer to take part in the upgrading 
Programme, committing themselves to the objectives to  be reached, will be eligible.  Component C 
will be financed through government funds (30 per cent) and private funds (70 per cent).  At the 
present stage, the textile industry does not have th e financial capacity to finance 100 per cent of the 
restructuring. 
176. Component D .  "Promotion of private investment and identification of markets ".  A promotion 
fund will be set up to finance market surveys, development of negotiating capabilities, activities to 
promote cotton lint and textiles, in order to support the development of fair trade cotton and bio cotton 
labels, and to help in converting sm all-scale structures into pre-industr ial structures.  Furthermore, an 
office to promote the cotton-textiles sector and a single window for investors will be reinforced.  
Component D is to be financed through government funds. 
177. Component E .  "Administration and coordination of the Programme ".  A Programme 
coordination unit will be set up in each country.  In addition, there will be a coordination structure at 
the regional level.  These units will be given the staff, equipment and support necessary.  
Component E is to be financed through government funds. 
Cost and Financing  
 178. The basic costs of the Programme are estimated  to be CFAF 37.3 billion (US$72.9 million).  
The table below shows the costs of the project by component and by country.  The cost of the "seed 
cotton/cotton lint" component is US$21.7 million, that of the "textiles/clothing" component is 
US$45 million.  It is estimated that the ADB Group's share of financing will be around 15 million units of account, equivalent to US$ 22.5 million.  Other sources of co-fi nancing (loans, grants) need to 
be identified for some components of the pr ogramme at the nationa l and regional levels. WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 50  
 
  
Breakdown of costs of the programme by co mponent and by country (in US$ thousands)
 
  
Components Benin Burkina Faso Côte d’Ivoire Mali Regional/WAEMU Total 
A 1,200 1,140 1,250 1,230 2,335 7,175 
B 4,916 5,383 5,220 4,969 1,656 21,743 
C 9,615 4,320 9,620 8,405 550 32,510 
D 805 555 955 855 805 3,975 
E 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 7,500 
Total 18,036 12,898 18,545 16,959 6,846 72,903 
 
 
Organization  
 
179. Supervision of the Programme's implementa tion should be entrusted to the Council of 
Ministers for Agriculture in coordination with the Ministers for Industry of the countries concerned (CMA-CMI), which will give the regional pr ogramme coordination unit (URCP) the task of 
implementing the Programme.  The latter will be responsible for administering the Programme and 
ensuring its consistency with the objectives set.  At the level of Member States, there will be small 
coordination units for each country (CCP). 
  
  WT/GC/97/Add.1
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 WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 52  
INTRODUCTION 
 
● COTTON PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN THE 
ECONOMIES OF THE WCA COUNTRIES 
 
– ACCOUNTS FOR FIVE TO TEN PER CENT OF 
GDP IN BENIN, BURKINA FASO, CÔTE D'IVOIRE, AND MALI 
 – GENERATES CLOSE TO 30 PER CENT OF 
TOTAL EXPORT EARNINGS AND OVER 60 PER CENT OF REVENUE FROM AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS  
  WT/GC/97/Add.1
 Page 53 
ANALYSIS 
 
I. PRODUCTION OF SEED COTTON  
 
¾ COTTON IS GROWN  BY SOME ONE MILLION PRODUCERS GROUPED INTO 20,000 
GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS 
¾ THE AREA CULTIVATED IS ESTIMATED AT 1.72 MILLION HE CTARES FOR AN EXPECTED 
OUTPUT OF 1.9 MILLION TONN ES FOR THE 2004/2005 SEASON 
¾ PURCHASE PRICE: 185-210 CFAF/KG, DEPE NDING ON THE COUNTR Y, IN 2004/2005.  FOR 
2005/2006, FALL IN PR ICE TO 130-150 CFAF/KG 
 
II. COTTON RESEARCH 
 
¾ RANDOM FINANCING 
¾ SHORTCOMINGS IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: 
 
- TRAINING OF RESEARCHERS 
- COTTON LINT ANALYSIS 
- BIOTECHNOLOGICAL  COMPETENCE 
- MICRO FACILITIES FOR GINNING AND LABORATORY GINNERS 
- EXCHANGE OF PLANT MATE RIAL AND INFORMATION 
 
¾ FEW REGIONAL EXCHANGES  
 WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 54  
III. GINNING AND DE-LINTING 
 
¾ PROBLEMS: 
 
- OBTAINING SUPPLIES OF SPAR E PARTS AND CONSUMABLES 
- MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING 
- USE OF CONTAMINATING PACKAGING 
- INADEQUATE ONGOI NG TRAINING 
 
IV. COMPETITIVENESS OF THE DIFFERENT SEGMENTS OF THE 
TEXTILES AND CLOTHING SUB-SECTOR 
 
¾ TRADITIONAL SPINNING MILLS ARE  COMPETITIVE 
¾ "OPEN-END" SPINNING MILLS  ARE NOT VERY COMPETITIVE 
¾ WEAVING OF UNBLEACHED COTTON FOR FANCY AND PRIN TED FANCY GOODS IS NOT 
VERY COMPETITIVE 
 
V. REGIONAL MARKET 
 
¾ WAEMU  MARKET FOR TEXTIL ES AND CLOTHING ESTIMATED TO BE CFAF 700 TO 900 
BILLION 
¾ MARKET FOR THE FOUR COUNTRIES ESTI MATED TO BE SOME CFAF 500 BILLION  
  WT/GC/97/Add.1
 Page 55 
  
¾ SOURCES OF SUPPLY 
 
- REGIONAL INDUSTRY : 10 TO 15% 
- LEGAL IMPORTS : 15 TO 20% 
- WORN CLOTHING : 17 TO 20% 
- UNLAWFUL IMPORTS : 50% 
 
VI. ELEMENTS OF AN INTERVENTION STRATEGY 
 
¾ PRECONDITIONS 
 
- REBATE ON THE COST OF COTTON 
- ENERGY AT INDUSTRIAL RATES 
- REGAINING OF THE DOMESTIC AND  REGIONAL MARKET SHARES  
 WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 56 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME 
 
AREAS OF INTERVENTION: 
 
¾ COTTON SECTOR - GROWING, GINNING AND MARKETING  
¾ TEXTILES AND CLOTHING SUB-SECTOR – FROM SPINNING UP TO THE 
MAKING OF FINAL PRODUCTS  
 
GLOBAL OBJECTIVE:   TO CONTRIBUTE TO POVERT Y REDUCTION IN THE COTTON-
PRODUCING COUNTRIES 
 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
 
 
– TO ENHANCE THE COMPETITIV ENESS OF SEED COTTON  
– TO CREATE AN OVERALL COMPETITI VE FRAMEWORK FOR THE SECTOR 
– TO STRENGTHEN AND/OR DEVELOP COMPETITIVE ACTIV ITIES IN THE AREA OF 
TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 
COMPONENTS OF THE PROGRAMME: 
A. CREATION OF A FRAMEWORK FAVO URABLE TO DEVELOPMENT OF THE 
SECTOR 
B. SUPPORT FOR PRODUCTION OF SEED COTTON AND COTTON LINT 
C. IMPROVED COMPETITIVENESS IN THE TEXTILES SUB-SECTOR 
D. PROMOTION OF PRIVATE INVESTMENT AND MARKETS   
E. ADMINISTRATION AND COORDI NATION OF THE PROGRAMME  
  WT/GC/97/Add.1
 Page 57 
COST AND FINANCING 
 
 
  
BREAKDOWN OF COSTS OF THE PROGRAMME  
  
COMPONENTS BENIN BURKINA 
FASO CÔTE 
D’IVOIRE MALI REGIONAL/WAEMU TOTAL 
A 1,200 1,140 1,250 1,230 2,335 7,175 
B 4,916 5,383 5,220 4,969 1,656 21,743 
C 9,615 4,320 9,620 8,405 550 32,510 
D 805 555 955 855 805 3,975 
E 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 7,500 
 
Total 18,036 12,898 
18,545 16,959 6,846 
72,903 
 
  
 WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 58  
 
FINANCING PLAN 
 
  
 
¾ ADB GROUP:  22.5 MILLION US$ 
  
¾ OTHER PARTNERS  
  WT/GC/97/Add.1
 Page 59 
 
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 
 
 
¾ AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL 
 
NATIONAL COORDINATION UNIT (UNC) 
 ¾ AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL:  REGIONAL COORDINATION UNIT TO BE 
SET UP WITHIN:  
 
- THE CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS OF AGRICULTURE OF WEST AND 
CENTRAL AFRICA, OR WAEMU  
  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 60  
 
 VI. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE CONSULTATIVE PROCESS 
 
PARTICIPANTS Tel. E-mail 
PROPONENTS :   
Benin  
Mr. Samuel Amehou, Ambassador 
Mr. Eloi Laourou                                         
Mr. Dominique Fifatin                            Mr. Hermanne Araba  
022 906 84 60 
022 906 84 60 
022 906 84 60 022 906 84 60  
s.amehou@missionbenin.ch 
eloilaourou@yahoo.fr 
fifatind@yahoo.fr info@missionbenin.ch 
Burkina Faso  
Mr. Moussa B. Nebie                                   
M. Ambroise Balima                                 
Mrs. Judith Zerbo                              
022 734 63 30            
022 734 63 30           022 734 63 30  
mission.burkina@ties.itu.int      
abalima2003@yahoo.fr                     
mission.burkina@ties.itu.int 
Chad  
 
Mr. Vissia Bowranga 
Mr. Baba Togmian 
  
 022 340 59 20 022 340 59 20  
 bowrangav@yahoo.fr mission.tchad@bluewin.ch 
Mali  
Mr. Abdoulaye Savoko 
Mr. Maïga Alhacoum  
022 710 09 60 
022 710 09 60  
asavokojr@yahoo.fr 
malisuisse@yahoo.fr 
BILATERAL DONORS :   
Canada  
Ms. Pam Cooper 
Mr. Patrick Picard  
022 919 92 05 
022 919 92 07  
pamela.cooper@international.gc.ca 
patrick.picard@international.gc.ca 
Czech Republic  
 
Mr. Miroslav Kor čák 
  
 022 910 37 82  
 miroslav_korcak@mzv.cz 
Denmark  
Mr. Christian Bundegaard  
022 918 00 53  
chrbun@um.dk 
 
European Commission  
Mr. Peter Young Mr. Willem Olthof  
022 918 22  
pete.young@cec.eu.int 
willem.olthof@cec.eu.int 
France  
Mr. Philippe Gros  
022 544 32 00  
philippe.gros@missionecon.org 
Germany  
Ms. Ursula Holzhauser  
022 730 12 56 
  
wto-6-io@genf.auswaertiges-
amt.de  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 61 
 
 
 Italy  
 
Ms. Rosita Lamacchia 
  
 022 918 08 10  
  
Japan  
 Mr. Kiminori Iwama 
Mr. Seisake Inoue  
 
022 717 32 15 
11022 717 32 25  
 
kiminori.iwama@mofa.go.jp 
seisake.inoue@mofa.go.jp 
The Netherlands  
Mr. Marinus Huige                                       
Mr. Johannes Smeets  
022 748 18 22 022 748 18 07  
rien.huige@minbuza.nl jhp.smeets@minbuza.nl 
Norway  
 
Mr. Magnar Sundfør  
 +47 222 433 85 
  
magnar.sundfor@mfa.no 
 
Sweden  
Ms. Frida Collste  
022 908 08 17  
frida.collste@foreign.ministry.se 
United Kingdom  
 
Mr. Robin Twyman   
 022 918 23 79  
 robin.twyman@fco.gov.uk 
United States of America  
Mr. David Shark 
Ms. Mary Revelt 
Mr. Henry Schmick                                  Ms. Christine Strossman  
022 749 52 43 
022 749 52 47 
022 749 52 23 022 749 53 12 
  
David_Shark@ustr.eop.gov 
aggeneva@usda.gov 
aggeneva@usda.gov Christine.strossman@usda.gov 
MEMBERS    
Botswana                                                     
Mr. Tshepo Mogotsi   
 
022 906 10 60  
tshepo556@yahoo.com 
Côte d'Ivoire  
 
Mr. Gabriel Kohou  
  
 022 717 02 50  
 ka0ka50@yahoo.fr 
Egypt  
 
Mr. Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim 
  
 
022 732 22 48  
 
mahmad@ecs.gov.eg 
Mauritania                                                 
 
Mr. Ould Magha Mahfoudh 
  
 022 906 18 40  
 mission.mauritania@ties.itu.int WT/GC/97/Add.1 
Page 62  
 
  
Mexico
                                                          
Mr. César Guerra   
 022 748 07 52  
cguerra@economia.gob.mx 
Pakistan                                                        
Mr. Omar Ikram   
 
022 734 77 60  
omar.ikram@wto-pakistan.org 
Paraguay                                                   
Mr. Roberto Recalde González   
 
022 740 32 11  
recalde@ties.itu.int 
Peru  
Ms. Milagros Miranda   
022 791 77 20  
Milagros.miranda@ties.itu.int 
Rwanda  
 
Mr. Edouard Bizumuremyi   
 022 919 10 00  
 edwardbizi@yahoo.com 
Senegal  
Mr. Aliou Seck  
022 918 02 30  
mission.senegal@ties.itu.int 
Uganda  
Mr. Kweronda-Ruhemba, Ambassador  
Mr. Kategewka Jay  
022 339 88 10  
rkweronda@hotmail.com 
mission.uganda@ties.itu.int 
Zambia                                                         
Ms Lillian Saili Bwalya    
lilian_bwalya@hotmail.com 
MULTILATERAL AGENCIES :   
African Development Bank  
Mr. Touba Bedingar   
+216 7110 2279  
t.bedingar@afdb.org 
Common Fund for Commodities  
 
Mr. Sietse van der Werff 
  
 +31 20 575 49 53  
 sietse.vanderwerff@common-
fund.org 
DAC/OECD  
Ms. Caroline Lesser 
Ms. Ebba Dohlman  
+33 1 45 24 90 46 
+33 1 45 24 98 48  
caroline.lesser@oecd.org 
ebba.dohlman@oecd.org 
FAO  
Mr. Themba N. Masuku 
Mr. Panos Konandreas                                
Mr. Paul Paredes Portella  
022 917 36 83 
022 917 36 35 
022 917 36 81  
tmasuku@unog.ch 
pkonandreas@unog.ch 
pparedes-portella@unog.ch  WT/GC/97/Add.1 
 Page 63 
 
 
  
IMF  
 
Mr. Jean-Pierre Chauffour  
 
022 918 03 00  
 
jchauffour@imf.org 
ITC 
 Mr. Matthias Knappe 
Mr. Daniel Torres Mr. Peter F. Smit  
 
022 730 03 21 
022 730 03 16 022 730 02 62  
 
knappe@intracen.org 
torres@intracen.org smit@intracen.org 
UNCTAD  
 
Mr. Mehmet Arda 
  
 022 907 57 90  
 mehmet.arda@unctad.org 
UNIDO  
Mr. Lamine Dahoui                                      
Ms. Kimiko Uno                                         
Mr. Gerardo Patacconi                               Mr. Christophe Yvetot  
+43 1 260 26 51 83  
022 917 33 67            
+43 1 260 26 36 05   +43 1 260 26 35 87  
mdhaoui@unido.org  
k.uno@unido.org  
g.patacconi@unido.org                        c.yvetot@unido.org 
World Bank  
 
Mr. Carlos Braga 
Mr. Patrick Reichenmiller                          
Ms. Kuersty Brokhaug  
 
022 748 10 17 
022 748 10 13 
022 748 10 19  
 
cbraga@worldbank.org 
preichenmiller@worldbank.org           
kbrokhaug@worldbank.org 
 
__________