WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  G/ADP/N/1/NIC/2 
G/SCM/N/1/NIC/2 23 January 2008 
 
 
(08-0350) 
Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Original:   Spanish 
 
 
 
NOTIFICATION OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS UNDER 
ARTICLES 18.5 AND 32.6 OF THE AGREEMENTS 
 
NICARAGUA 
 
  The following communication, dated 16 January  2008, has been received from the Permanent 
Mission of Nicaragua.  
_______________ 
 
 1. Pursuant to Article 18.5 of the Agreement on the Implementation of Article VI of the 
GATT 1994 , Nicaragua's competent anti-dumping authority hereby notifies that the anti-dumping 
legislation in force is the "Central American Regul ations on Unfair Business Practices", adopted on 
24 April 2007 by Resolution 193-2007 COMIECO- XLIV), as published in Official Journal La Gaceta 
No. 201 of 19 October 2007, which entered into force as of 24 May 2007. 
 These Regulations supersede the "Central American Regulations on Unfair Business 
Practices" (Resolution No. 12-95 COMRIEDRE-II) of  12 December 1995, which were approved by 
Ministerial Decision MEDE No. 100196-1 of 10 Ja nuary 1996 and published in Official Journal 
La Gaceta  No. 50 of 12 March 1996;  these Regulations in  turn superseded the "Central American 
Regulations on Unfair Business Practices and Safe guard Clause" of 29 January 1993, which were 
duly notified by Nicaragua and are contained in  document G/ADP/N/1/NIC/1 of 28 March 1995. 
 2. Pursuant to Article 32.6 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures , 
Nicaragua's competent authority for countervaili ng measures hereby notifies that the countervailing 
duty legislation in force is the "Central American  Regulations on Unfair Business Practices", adopted 
on 24 April 2007 by Resolution 193-2007 (COMIECO -XLIV), as published in Official Journal La 
Gaceta  No. 201 of 19 October 2007, which entered into force as of 24 May 2007. 
 These Regulations supersede the "Central American Regulations on Unfair Business 
Practices" (Resolution No. 12-95 COMRIEDRE-II) of  12 December 1995, which were approved by 
Ministerial Decision MEDE No. 100196-1 of 10 Ja nuary 1996 and published in Official Journal 
La Gaceta  No. 50 of 12 March 1996;  these Regulations in  turn superseded the "Central American 
Regulations on Unfair Business Practices and Safe guard Clause" of 29 January 1993, which were 
duly notified by Nicaragua and are contained in  document G/SCM/N/1/NIC/1 of 27 March 1995. 
 
 The text of the Regulations is attached hereto. 
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  Resolution No. 193-2007 (COMIECO-XLIV) of 24 April 2007 
 
CENTRAL AMERICAN REGULATIONS 
ON UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICES 
 
TITLE I 
 
GENERAL PROVISIONS 
 ARTICLE 1. (Definitions)  For the purposes of these Regulations, the expressions indicated below 
shall have the following meaning:   COUNCIL OF MINISTERS :  The Council of Ministers for Economic Integration 
established by Article 37 of the Guatemala Protocol. 
 
DOMESTIC INDUSTRY :  This term shall be underst ood as referring to the domestic 
producers as a whole of the like products or to those of them whose collective output of the products constitutes a major proportion of the to tal domestic producti on of those products. 
  EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE :  The Executive Committee for Economic Integration 
established by Article 37 of the Guatemala Protocol. 
  GATT 1994 :  The General Agreement on Tariffs a nd Trade 1994, annexed to the Agreement 
Establishing the World Trade Organization. 
 
 GUATEMALA PROTOCOL :  The Protocol to the General Treaty on Central American 
Economic Integration, signed on 29 October 1993. 
  INTERESTED PARTIES :  Those referred to in Article 6.11 of the Agreement on 
Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 and in 
Article 12.9 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, respectively. 
INVESTIGATING AUTHORITY :  The Directorate or Directorate-General of Integration of 
the Ministry or Secretariat of the Economy or, as the case may be, the Directorate competent 
for matters pertaining to Central American econom ic integration in each State Party, or the 
technical unit with responsibility for investiga ting unfair business practices.  This shall be 
SIECA in the case of regional procedures. 
 
LIKE PRODUCT :  The term "like product" shall be understood to mean a product which is 
identical, i.e. alike in all respects to the product under consideration, or in the absence of such 
a product, another product which, although not alike in all respects, has characteristics closely resembling those of the product under consideration. 
 
 MINISTER :  The Minister or Secretary of each State Party having responsibility for matters 
relating to Central American economic integrati on or, as the case may be, the investigation of 
unfair business practices. 
  REGION :  All of the States Parties as a whole. 
 
 SIECA :  The Secretariat for Central American Economic Integration. 
  G/ADP/N/1/NIC/2 
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   STATES PARTIES :  The States Parties to the General Treaty on Central American 
Economic Integration, the Guatemala Protocol , and the Convention on the Central American 
Tariff and Customs Regime. 
 
 THIRD COUNTRIES :  Countries that are not States Parties. 
  UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICE :  Dumping or subsidies. 
  WTO :  World Trade Organization. 
 
 WTO AGREEMENTS :  The Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General 
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 and th e Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing 
Measures. 
 
ARTICLE 2. (Object of the Regulations)   These Regulations develop the provisions established in 
the WTO Agreements and, as appropriate, the provi sions of the Guatemala Protocol and the Convention 
on the Central American Ta riff and Customs Regime. 
 ARTICLE 3. (Initiation of proceedings)   The process of investigation for the purpose of 
establishing the existence and effects of unfair busine ss practices may be initia ted on application by an 
interested party or ex officio , in accordance with the provisions of the WTO Agreements.  Where the 
investigating authority proceeds ex officio , it shall notify the domestic industry for confirmation of its 
consent to the pursuit of the investigation.  ARTICLE 4. (Substantive and procedural rules)   All substantive aspects relating to unfair business 
practices and procedural as pects not covered by these Regulations shall be determined by the provisions 
of the instruments referred to in Article 2 of these Regulations.  
TITLE II 
 
PROCEDURES AND MEASURES IN CASES 
OF UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICES 
 
CHAPTER I 
 
PROCEDURE IN TRADE RELATIONS 
WITH THIRD COUNTRIES 
 
ARTICLE 5. (Purpose of the procedure)   The investigating authority shall investigate, analyse and 
evaluate allegedly unfair business practices and decide whether it is appropriate to recommend the 
imposition of "anti-dumping duties" or "c ountervailing duties", as the case may be. 
 
 Such measures shall be imposed when unfair bu siness practices cause or threaten to cause 
material injury or serious prejudice to a domestic industry, or material retardation of the establishment of such an industry, in accordance with th e criteria set out in the WTO Agreements. 
 ARTICLE 6. (Application)   Applications for initiation of an investigation may be made by 
representatives of the domestic industry producing th e product prejudiced by the imports in relation to 
which an investigation is requested which consider th at they are being affected or threatened by imports 
alleged to be the subject of  unfair business practices. 
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   The application shall be submitted to the in vestigating authority in compliance with the 
following formal requirements:   (a) Designation of the investigating aut hority to which the application is made; 
 
 (b) particulars of the applicant and, in the case of a legal representative, any accreditation 
documents as may be required by the resp ective State Party's domestic legislation; 
  (c) service address; 
 
 (d) account of the facts and specific indication of the unfai r business practice; 
  (e) request couched in prec ise terms consistent with the account of the facts; 
 
 (f) the other requirements established in the WTO Agreements; 
  (g) place and date of the application;  and 
  (h) signature of the applicant or legal representative of the domestic industry.  
 The original application and accompanying documentation shall be provided in as many 
copies as the number of interested parties iden tified in the application,  except in the case of 
information which is considered confidential.  ARTICLE 7. (Acceptance of the application)   Within thirty days of receiving the application, the 
investigating authority shall examine it in order to  establish whether the re quirements for acceptance 
thereof, as set forth in the preceding Article, have be en duly fulfilled.  If the authority determines that 
the application is incomplete, it shall notify the intere sted party within ten days so that the latter may 
meet the relevant requirements within thirty days of  the notification.  At the request of the interested 
party, this period may be extended for a further thirty days.  
 If the interested party fails to comply within the stipulated period, the application shall be 
considered abandoned and shall be filed, without prejudice to the right of the party concerned 
subsequently to resubmit the case.   If the interested party provides the additional information, the investigating authority shall 
accept the application within the following fifteen days. 
 ARTICLE 8. (Examination and rejection of the application)   After examining the application 
within the time-limit established in the preceding Arti cle, the investigating authority shall reject it by 
means of a reasoned resolution in the following cases:  
 
 (a) If it determines that the application has not been made on behalf of a domestic industry, 
in accordance with the WTO Agreements; 
  (b) if it determines that there is insufficient evidence of either an unfair business practice or 
injury justifying the initiation of proceedings;  and 
 
 (c) if the evidence provided is insufficient to justify initiating an investigation.   G/ADP/N/1/NIC/2 
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   The resolution rejecting an application shall be notif ied, within ten days of its date of issue, to 
the interested party, which may use the legal remedies  provided for in the legisl ation of the State Party 
concerned against it.  
ARTICLE 9. (Notification of  the exportin g government)   The investigating authority shall directly 
notify the government of the country of origin or  export of the product under investigation of the 
application for the initiation of an investigation into unfair business practices.  This notification shall be 
made prior to the initiation of the investigation.  It may be sent by fax, electronic mail, courier, or any other communication medium as may allow confirmation of receipt. 
 
ARTICLE 10. (Opportunity for consultations)   In the case of subsidies, together with the 
notification provided for in the preceding Article or at any time prior to the initiation of the 
investigation, the investigating auth ority shall afford an opportunity to the governments of the countries 
of origin or export of the product under investigatio n to hold consultations for the purpose of clarifying 
the facts stated in the application and arriving at a mu tually agreed solution.  Co nsultations for this same 
purpose may be held during the investigation.  ARTICLE 11. (Resolution for the in itiation of an investigation)   Where the investigating authority 
decides, following the examination referred to in Articl e 8 above, that there is sufficient evidence to 
justify an investigation, it shall issue a resolution d eclaring the initiation of the investigation procedure.  
The resolution shall contain at least the following information:  
  (a) Identification of the investigating author ity initiating the procedure and date and place 
of issue of the resolution; 
 
 (b) indication that the application and its accompanying documentation have been 
accepted; 
  (c) name or business name and domicile of the domestic producer  or producers of like 
products; 
 
 (d) country or countries of origin or provenance  of the products alleged to be the subject of 
unfair business practices; 
  (e) reasons and justification for the resolution;  
 (f) detailed description of the product that has been or is being imported under allegedly 
unfair business practices; 
  (g) description of the domestic products alike to the product im ported under allegedly 
unfair business practices; 
 
 (h) time-limit granted to the defendants and,  where appropriate, the foreign government or 
governments mentioned, to subm it whatever evidence they see fit, and the place at 
which they may present their submissions; 
  (i) determination of the information that is to be requested from the interested parties in 
questionnaires and forms. 
  The resolution shall be notified within ten days of its date of issue to the interested parties of which the investigating authority has reasonable knowle dge, which shall have a period of thirty days 
from the day following the notification in which to object. G/ADP/N/1/NIC/2 
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ARTICLE 12. (Records and access thereto)   All information provided by interested parties, 
together with the information compiled by the investigating authority ex officio , shall be filed in 
chronological order in two separate files, one of which shall contain public and the other confidential 
information. 
  Interested parties, their representatives a nd their counsel, duly accredited for the purpose, 
shall be entitled, at any stage of the proceedings, to  examine, read or copy any document or item of 
evidence in the record and to request certificati on thereof, with the exception of confidential 
information, which shall be accessible only to the in vestigating authority and to the party that supplied 
the information.  Such information may not be disclosed during the investigation process. 
  Once the investigation has been concluded, anyone may access the file containing public 
information and may request the permission of the investigating authority to photocopy it. 
 
ARTICLE 13. (Confidentiality)   Pursuant to the  WTO Agreements and more specifically the 
domestic legislation of each State Party, access to  information regarded as confidential shall be 
restricted to the party that supplied the in formation and the investigating authority. 
  Any information which is by nature confidentia l, for example because its disclosure would be 
of significant competitive advantage to a competitor or would have a significantly adverse effect upon 
the interested party that supplied the information or  upon a third party from whom that interested party 
acquired the information, shall, upon good cause show n, be treated as such by the investigating 
authority.  
 If the investigating authority finds that the requ est is not warranted and the interested party is 
either unwilling to make the information public or to authorize its disclosure in generalized or in 
summary form, the investigating authority ma y disregard such information unless it can be 
demonstrated satisfactorily from appropriate  sources that the information is correct. 
  Any interested party providing confidential information shall furnish a non-confidential 
summary thereof or state the reasons why it is not susceptible of summary. 
  Non-confidential summaries of information re garded as confidential shall be sufficiently 
explicit so that the other interested parties ha ve a clear understanding of the information supplied 
where such information is relevant, for example graphs showing data in percentage terms and a 
generic explanation of the data provided, inter alia . 
 ARTICLE 14. (Time-limit for the investigation)   The investigation shall be concluded within 
twelve months of its date of initiation, but may,  in exceptional circumstances, be extended for a 
further period of up to six months, on the initiative of  the investigating authority or at the request of 
an interested party. 
 
ARTICLE 15. (Preliminary determination)   The investigating authority shall issue an affirmative 
or negative preliminary determination of unfair busin ess practices and injury or threat of injury to a 
domestic industry, or retardation of the establishment of such an industry.  
 The determination shall take the form of an opinion issued by the investigating authority no 
earlier than sixty days after the initiation of the investigation.   G/ADP/N/1/NIC/2 
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  ARTICLE 16.  (Provisional measures)   During the investigation, the investigating authority may 
recommend that the Minister adopt provisional measures in cases of alleged dumping or subsidization, in conformity with th e provisions of the WTO Agreements. 
 
ARTICLE 17.  (Requirements for the imposition of provisional measures)   Provisional measures 
shall be imposed only if the following prerequisites are fulfilled:   (a) The investigation has been initiated in  conformity with the provisions of these 
Regulations and at least sixty days have elapsed since its initiation; 
 
 (b) there has been an affirmative preliminar y determination of dumping or subsidization 
involving material injury, threat of materi al injury, serious prejudice to a domestic 
industry, or retardation of th e establishment of a domestic industry, in conformity with 
the WTO Agreements; 
 
 (c) the investigating authority deems such me asures to be necessary to prevent serious 
injury or prejudice to a domestic industry , in conformity with the WTO Agreements. 
 ARTICLE 18. (Duration of  provisional measures)   The application of provisional measures shall be 
limited to as short a period as pos sible, not exceeding four months. 
 
 With respect to dumping, by decision of th e investigating authority and at the request of 
exporters representing a si gnificant percentage of the trade in volved, the duration of provisional 
measures may be extended to a period not excee ding six months.  Where in the course of an 
investigation the authorities consider whether a du ty lower than the margin of dumping would be 
sufficient to remove the injury, these periods  may be six and nine months, respectively. 
  Within ten days of its publication, the re solution imposing provisional measures shall be 
notified to the interested parties and to the customs authorities for implementation. 
 ARTICLE 19. (Verification of information)   The investigating authority may, at any time during 
the course of the investigation, conduct such verification visits as it may consider relevant.  
  The investigating authority shall gather in formation as it deems necessary, and, where it 
considers it appropriate, shall examine and verify information from the interested parties so as to 
confirm its authenticity. 
 
 The investigating authority may conduct veri fication visits in other countries as required, 
subject to the agreement of the firms concerned, a nd provided that there is no objection on the part of 
the government of the country in question, which sha ll be officially informed thereof.  As soon as 
agreement has been obtained from the firms concerne d, the investigating authority shall notify the 
authorities of the exporting country of the names and addresses of the firms to be visited and the dates 
proposed. 
  Prior to the visit, the firms shall be advised of the general nature of the information to be 
verified, though this should not preclude requests duri ng the visit for further details to be provided in 
the light of the information obtained. 
 
ARTICLE 20. (Withdrawal from the investigation)  The applicant may withdraw from the 
investigation at any time by pr oviding its reasons in writing. 
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G/SCM/N/1/NIC/2 Page 8 
 
 
   If an application for withdrawal is made after th e initiation of the investigation, the investigating 
authority shall notify the interested parties of the withdrawal, whereby the investigation shall be deemed 
closed.  The investigating authority may continue th e investigation only if, within thirty days of the 
notification, domestic producers e xpressly supporting continuation of th e investigation account for at 
least 50 per cent of the producers having shown support or opposition. 
 ARTICLE 21. (Termination of the investigation)   The investigation shall be terminated if it is 
determined that the margin of dumping or amount of the subsidy is de minimis  or that the volume of 
imports or the injury is negligible. 
 
ARTICLE 22. (Final resolution)   Within three days of concluding the investigation, the 
investigating authority shall submit the technical st udy together with the relevant recommendations to 
the Minister so that, within three working days of  its receipt and by means of a reasoned resolution, 
the Minister may declare the investigation conclude d, state whether or not a definitive anti-dumping 
or countervailing duty should be imposed and, where appropriate, revoke or confirm any provisional 
measure adopted.  
  The resolution imposing a definitive anti-dumpi ng or countervailing duty shall be put into 
effect in accordance with the domestic law of each St ate Party and shall be notified within ten days of 
its issue to the interested parties and to SIECA, so  that the latter may bring it to the attention of the 
Executive Committee. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
PROCEDURE IN INTRA-REGIONAL TRADE RELATIONS  
 
ARTICLE 23. (Transmittal to the Executive Committee)   In the case of products originating in 
Central America, once the application has been proc essed in accordance with the preceding Chapter, the 
investigating authority shall, together with the notif ication of the resolution referred to in the last 
paragraph of the preceding Article and within the same  time-limit indicated therein, transmit to SIECA a 
summary of the record, for the latter to notify the other States and convene th e Executive Committee to 
examine the matter. 
 ARTICLE 24. (Convocation)   Within eight days of receiving the summary, SIECA shall convoke the 
Executive Committee to a meeting to be held within thirty days of the date of the convocation and shall 
transmit to its members a copy of the summary. 
 
ARTICLE 25. (Statements by affected parties)   The State Party affected  by the measure adopted 
shall, within fifteen days of being notified of the convocation, submit to the Executive Committee 
through SIECA a duly substantia ted statement of the case. 
 ARTICLE 26. (Review)   Where, after receiving the reports, the Executive Committee at its meeting 
nevertheless considers that it requires further it ems of evidence, it may collect such items through 
SIECA, which shall submit its report to the Committee within thirty days.  
 ARTICLE 27. (Recommendation of the Executive Committee)   Within thirty days of receipt of the 
corresponding report from SIECA, the Executive Co mmittee shall make whatever recommendations it 
deems appropriate. 
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  CHAPTER III  
 
REGIONAL PROCEDURE  
 ARTICLE 28. (Regional procedure)   Where the industry of a State Party other than the importer is 
affected, at the request of the government concerned, a regional procedure shall be instituted and conducted through SIECA.  The procedure shall be initi ated as of the moment when SIECA receives the 
request from the State concerned, which shall be subm itted in the original plus five copies and, as 
appropriate, in compliance with Article 6 of these Regulations. 
 
ARTICLE 29. (Notification)   Within ten days of receipt of the request, SIECA shall issue a resolution 
to proceed with the case and, within the following ten days, shall forward a copy of the record to the 
investigating authority of the importing State Party,  which shall proceed with the case in accordance 
with the provisions of Chapter I of this Title.  The authority shall begin reviewing the case as from the 
eighth day after SIECA transmitted the record. 
 ARTICLE 30. (Continuation of procedure)   If the importing State Party fails to initiate the 
investigation within the time-limit established in the preceding Article, SIECA shall, within the following ten days, transmit a copy of the record to the other States Parties and officially notify the 
interested parties, thereby in itiating the regional procedure. 
 
ARTICLE 31. (Time-limit for the investigation)   SIECA shall conduct the relevant investigation 
within the period established in Article 14 of these Regulations and may gather and request any 
evidence and reports it deems nece ssary, in particular from the expor ters who are the subject of the 
complaint and from Central American producers and importers.  During the investigation period, any 
interested party may submit informati on or present written submissions. 
 ARTICLE 32. (Convocation and final resolution)   Within five days of the conclusion of the 
investigation, SIECA shall convene the Executive Co mmittee and transmit the re cord, together with a 
technical report and whatever recommendations it c onsiders pertinent.  The Committee shall meet 
within the following fifteen days in order to settle the case definitively, by de termining the individual or 
joint actions to be taken by the States Parties. 
 ARTICLE 33.  (Provi sional measures)   Provided that the prerequisites set forth in Article 18 of these 
Regulations are fulfilled, SIECA may recommend the adoption of provisional measures.  The Executive 
Committee shall examine and decide on this recommendation at its subsequent meeting. 
 
ARTICLE 34. (Implementation of decisions)   The decisions of the Executive Committee establishing 
provisional or definitive anti-dumping or countervai ling duties shall be implemented by the States 
Parties in accordance with their domestic legislation. 
 ARTICLE 35.  (Cost of the regional investigation)   The costs of the regional investigation shall be 
borne by the domestic industry that brought the action before the complainant State Party.  
 ARTICLE 36. (Harmonized procedure)   In addition to the special provisions established in this 
Chapter, the provisions of Chapters I and II of this Title shall apply, where appropriate, to the regional 
procedure. 
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  CHAPTER IV 
 
PROVISIONS COMMON TO CHAPTERS I, II AND III 
 ARTICLE 37. (Exceptional and pr ovisional nature of measures)   Measures imposed pursuant to 
these Regulations shall be exceptiona l and temporary in character as they  shall be in force for as long as 
is necessary to counteract the unfair business practice. 
 ARTICLE 38. (Causal link)   For a measure to be adopted, ther e must be a causal link within the 
meaning of the WTO Agreements. 
 ARTICLE 39. (Consistency)   The amount of any anti-dumping or countervailing duty applied shall be 
sufficient to redress the injury or prejudice but ne ver greater than the estimated margin of dumping or 
the amount of the subsidy. 
 
ARTICLE 40. (Duration of definitive measures)   Any definitive anti-d umping or countervailing 
measure shall be phased out within a period of five years from the date of imposition of the provisional 
measure or, failing that, of  the final resolution. 
  This time-limit may be extended on an exceptional basis, where it is demonstrated that the 
conditions which gave rise to the measure continue to exist. 
  Once a measure has been adopted, it may be re viewed at any time dur ing its implementation. 
 ARTICLE 41. (Collection of duties)   Where an anti-dumping or countervailing duty is imposed on a 
product, it shall be collected on dumped or subsidized  imports that are causing or threatening to cause 
material injury or serious prejudice to a domestic industry, or material retardation of the establishment of a domestic industry, in accordance with these Regulations .  Insofar as possible, it shall be applied to the 
supplier or suppliers of the product concerned.  If, how ever, all of the suppliers are involved in the unfair 
business practice at issue, or it is impossible to di stinguish between them, the measure shall apply to all 
suppliers in the country or  countries in question. 
 
ARTICLE 42. (Amount of the guarantee)   If the definitive anti-dumping or countervailing duty 
exceeds the amount of the guarantee, payment of the am ount shall not be required.  If the definitive duty 
is less than the amount of the guarantee, an order shall be issued for prompt refund of the amount in 
excess. 
 
ARTICLE 43. (Suspension of the investigation)   On the proposal of the in vestigating authority, the 
Minister may suspend or terminate the investigation at any stage when  there are sufficient grounds for 
doing so, by issuing the corresponding resolution, wh ich shall be notified with in ten days of being 
issued to the interested parties and SIECA, for the latter to br ing it to the attention of the Executive 
Committee. 
ARTICLE 44. (Publication)   Resolutions in respect of the in itiation of an investigation and the 
imposition of provisional meas ures and the final resolution shall be published, once only, at the cost of 
the interested party, in one of the daily newspapers  with national circulation, at the discretion of the 
investigating authority, and in the Official Journal of the relevant State Party and, when being put into force, in the Official Journal of the Central American Integration System. 
 
ARTICLE 45. (Notification)   As required by these Regula tions and the WTO Agreements, the 
investigating authority shall notify procedural actions to interested parties having information in the 
record, and shall continue to do so unless the part y requests to be excluded from the process.  G/ADP/N/1/NIC/2 
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 Where in the course of the inve stigation process the investigating authority is apprised of a new 
interested party, it shall invite that party to pa rticipate in the current stage of the proceedings. 
 Notifications from the investigating authority to the interested parties ma y be sent directly by 
fax, electronic mail, courier, or any other co mmunication medium as may allow confirmation of 
receipt.  ARTICLE. 46 (Remedies)   The remedies provided for in the domestic legislation of each State Party 
shall lie against resolutions adopted by national authorities. 
 
 The remedies provided for in the legal instrume nts of Central American integration shall lie 
against decisions adopted by regional bodies.  ARTICLE 47. (Dispute settlement)   A State Party which considers itself affected by the imposition of 
an anti-dumping or countervailing duty may refer th e matter to the Central American Trade Dispute 
Settlement Mechanism or the WTO Dispute Settlement Body.  
TITLE III 
 
FINAL PROVISIONS 
 
ARTICLE 48. (Amendments to the Regulations)   The Council of Minister s shall be responsible for 
amending the provisions of these Regulations at the request of the States Parties or SIECA. 
  Each State Party shall submit a semi-annual report to the Executive Committee, through 
SIECA, on the implementati on of this instrument. 
ARTICLE 49.  (Calculation of time-limits)   Unless otherwise specified, the time-limits established 
in these Regulations shall be calculated in calendar days.  Where the time-limit falls on a non-working 
day it shall be extended to the following working day.  ARTICLE 50.  (Suppletive application)   In cases not covered by thes e Regulations, Stat es Parties may 
apply on a supplementary basis the provisions and pr inciples of Central Amer ican integration, the 
provisions of public intern ational law, and the gene ral principles of law.  
 ARTICLE 51. (Epigraphs)   The epigraphs preceding the Articles of these Regulations are exclusively 
indicative and therefore have no effect on their interpretation. 
 
ARTICLE 52. (Repeal clause)   Upon the entry into force of these Regulations, the Central American 
Regulations on Unfair Business  Practices adopted by Resoluti on No. 12-95 (COMRIEDRE-II) of 
12 December 1995, as well as any ot her prior provisions inconsistent with these Regulations, shall be 
repealed.  
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