WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION   
IP/C/W/558/Add.1 
10 October 2011  
 
(11-4932) 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects of 
Intellectual Property Rights Original:   English 
 
 
 
REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 66.2 
OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT 
 
JAPAN 
 
Addendum 
  
 The following communication, dated 29 September 2011, is being circulated at the request of 
the delegation of Japan. 
 
_______________ 
 
 1. The Government of Japan has been conductin g development cooperation activities in many 
fields.  One of the most important objectives of th e cooperation activities is to promote and encourage 
the transfer of technology. 
2. Japan understands that incentive for technology transfer should be interpreted to include 
variety of measures such as financial support a nd support for business environment and that support 
for business environment by strengthening intellectua l property protection is one of the effective 
measures to promote technology transfer by privat e sectors.  Based on this understanding, Japan has 
provided many incentive measures.  
3. With regard to the incentives that Japan provi des enterprises and ins titutions in Japan, the 
Government of Japan would like to report on the following activities.  The Government of Japan believes that the following activities contribute to ra ising the level of technological infrastructure in 
the least developed countries (LDCs), which will bring about further technology transfer. 
I. SPECIAL INITIATIVES 
A. A
ID FOR TRADE  
4. Japan has carried out its Aid for Trade Initiativ es under the title of the Development Initiative 
for Trade for two consecutive periods, under wh ich Japan has implemented comprehensive and 
tailored assistance by combining various tools incl uding ODA and other measures to improve market 
access for LDC products in each stage of trade - "to produce","to sell", and "to buy".  For the first 
phase of 2006-08, Japan announced, prior to th e 2005 Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration, the 
promotion of Aid for Trade related measures and fu lly implemented the first initiative including the 
disbursement of US$10 billion for trade-related ODA.  At the sec ond global review meeting on Aid 
for Trade in 2009, for the second phase of 2009-11, Japan announced its current initiative comprised 
of ODA projects in trade totalling US$12 billion and has steadily implemented this initiative to date.  
The initiative contains the provision of technical a ssistance over the same period for 40,000 persons in 
total in the field of trade-related activities.   IP/C/W/558/Add.1 
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  II. ACTIVITIES TAKEN BY TECHNICAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATONS 
A. JICA 
5. JICA provides technical cooperation throug h ODA and techniques and technologies are 
transferred through such technical cooperation.  The technical cooperation projects aim to provide support for training of personnel required to achie ve social and economic progress in developing 
countries and help the development and diffusion of  technology and skills.  Elements such as the 
dispatch of experts, acceptance of technical traini ng participants and the provision of equipment are 
systematically linked and integrated into each a nd every aspect of technical cooperation projects - 
from the formulation of plans to their execution and evaluation.  Such technical cooperation are varied 
– support for sustainable development of developi ng countries such as support for socio-economic 
infrastructure and information and communicati on technology(ICT), support for social/economic 
development such as agricultural and rural support, fi sheries, health, addressing global issues such as 
environmental issues, resources and energy, infectio us diseases.  The budget for technical cooperation 
through JICA amounts to approxima tely ¥168.8 billion for FY2010.  Some examples of technical 
cooperation for LDC Members are listed below: 
 Uganda:  NERICA Rice Promotion Project (2008-2011); 
 
 Cambodia:  The Project of Operation and Ma intenance of the Rural Electrification on 
Micro-hydropower in Mondul Kiri Province (2008-2011); 
 
 Senegal:  The Project on the Popularization of the Transformation Technique for 
Marine Products (2007-2009); 
 
 Bangladesh:  Poultry Technology Development and Dissemination Project 
(2006-2011); 
 
 Burkina Faso:  The Project for Dissemination of Improved Seeds (2008-2011); 
 
 Madagascar:  The Project for Rice Productivity Improvement in Central Highland 
(2009-2014); 
 
 Mozambique:  Sustainable Production of Biodiesel from Jatropha in Mozambique 
(2011-2016); 
 
 Mozambique:  The Project on Implementati on of Mid-Level ICT Diploma Course in 
Mozambique Information and Communication Institute (MICTI) (2007-2010); 
 
 Malawi:  Rural Electrification Promotion Project (2006-2009); 
 
 Zambia:  The Project for Improvement of  Animal Health and Production Delivery 
through Extension Services (2006-2009); 
 
 Cambodia:  The Project of Capacity Development on ICT Management at Nida 
(2008-2010); 
 
 Afghanistan:  The Project for the Development of Wheat Breeding Materials for 
Sustainable Food Production (2011-2016); 
  IP/C/W/558/Add.1 
 Page 3 
 
 
   Afghanistan: Improvement of Rice-based Agriculture in Nangarhar Province 
(2007-2011); 
 
 Cambodia: Technical Service Center for Irrigation System Project Phase Ⅱ 
(2006-2009); 
 
 Sierra Leone: Sustainable Rice Development Project (2010-2014); 
 
 Benin: Project for the Extension of Inland Aquaculture  (2010-2013); 
 
 Malawi: Institutional and Human Resouce Development Project For One Village One 
Product Programme (OVOP) (2005-2010); 
 
 Nepal: Promotion of Quality Cocoon Pro duction and Processing Project (2006-2011). 
 6. As the funding agency for science and technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency 
(JST) cooperates with JICA and promotes intern ational joint research projects with developing 
countries, aiming at resolving the global issues,
* called Science and Technology Research Partnership 
for Sustainable Development (SATREPS).  JST supports the Japanese research 
institutions/researchers for the project activities in Japan.  JICA supports project implementation in 
the developing countries, such as dispatch of Jap anese experts (res earchers), provision of equipment 
and training of personnel, and othe r supports related to the project in the developing countries under 
the framework of ODA technical cooperation. 
B. AOTS 
7. The Association for Overseas Technical Scholarship (AOTS) is a public organization 
established in 1959,  and provides training programmes within Japan and overseas. 
8. The main targets are engineers and managers in industrial sectors from developing countries. 
Training programmes in Japan  
 
(a) Technical Training  
9. Training is conducted for engineers and managers  invited to Japan from developing countries 
as trainees. Its programmes include practical trainings implemented by private-sector companies, which allows trainees to acquire the sk ills or techniques in specific fields. 
 Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar:  training on knowledge 
and management of telecommunication project (2000-2010). 
 
 Ethiopia:  training on technical skills of automobile maintenance (2003-2010). 
 
 Nepal:  Training on knowledge and technical  skills of GIS (Geographic Information 
System) and CAD (Computer Aided Design)(2006-2010). 
 
                                                      
* Global issues:  Issues which are problematic for countries or regions and which require common 
engagement by the international community. IP/C/W/558/Add.1 
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  (b) Management training 
 10. Engineers as well as middle and top managers, et c., from developing countries are invited to 
Japan to acquire skills and techniques in busin ess or factory management  through understanding 
management concepts and observing real examples of their usage. 
 Bangladesh:  Training on Practical Corporat e Management - for garment manufacturing 
industry (2010 ） 
 
 Cambodia:  Training on human resource development in the mining industry(2010) 
 
 Nepal:  Training on Corporate Management (2010 ） 
 
Overseas training programmes 
 
11. Overseas training are carried out by skilful e xperts dispatched from Japan as instructors. 
12. Specific techniques can be taught to a number of participants efficiently at once, and the level 
of training can be adjusted to the actual needs there. 
 Cambodia:  Training on company-level logistics innovation(2009) 
 
 Lao PDR:  Training on sustainable devel opment through environmental protection and 
energy conservation(2009) 
 
 Myanmar:  Training on  food safety and quality standards(2010) 
 
 Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Viet Nam:  Training on special economic zone (SEZ) 
development (2008-2010) 
 
C. JODC 
13. The Japan Overseas Development Corporation (J ODC) was established in 1970, and has been 
engaged in dispatch of experts with specific sk ills toward developing countries for human resources 
development as its main objective. 
14. JODC experts provide technical guidance and a dvice to local companies, and contribute for 
improvements in areas such as manufacturing technologies and business management skills. 
 Myanmar:  Technical instruction on steel structure design (2010) 
 Cambodia:  Support for Cambodia rubber institution (2007-2009)  
 
D. JETRO 
15. The Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) was established by the Japanese 
Government in 1958 as the nation's principal organi zation for the comprehensive implementation of 
trade policy.   IP/C/W/558/Add.1 
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  (a) Dispatch of Experts to the Private Sector - Dispatch of Experts to Improve the Business 
Environment of Developing Countries to Promote Trade and Investment. 
16. JETRO is engaged in the dispatching of e xperts to assist developing countries in the 
establishment of various rules and institutions necessary to create a business environment conducive 
to trade and investment.  More specifically, at th e requests of private sector bodies and other entities 
from developing countries, experts in such fields as  standard and conformity  assessment, and logistics 
are dispatched from Japan to provide advice and assistance to the entities making the requests. 
 Myanmar:  Support for human resource development on production management 
technology in sewing industry (2008-2010). 
 
(b) Dispatch of Experts to the Private Sector - Support For Export Industries 
17. JETRO helps developing countries achieve the expansion of its export to Japan and self-
sustainable economic growth, through the dispatch  of experts to identify and develop promising 
export products. Experts give advice and gui dance on improving products design, production 
techniques and marketing strategies, etc.  These activities include some projects as part of its assistance for "One Village One Product (OVOP)" cam paigns implemented by developing countries. 
(c) Development and Import Schemes   
18. The "Development and Import Schemes" is a proj ect to give a support, including a financial 
one, to Japanese companies for the purpose of deve loping industries and c ontributing to economic 
activities in a developing country, preferably in a le ast developed country, in order to give them an 
incentive to take a risk.  They seek to locate pr omising products in developing countries, develop 
products in accordance with the needs in the Jap anese market, and import them to Japan.  Such 
supports will also be conducive to the nurturing of industries, and eventually to economic growth in 
developing countries.  JETRO is using this sch eme to provide support to motivated Japanese 
companies and to build a business model in developing countries. 
 Malawi:  Production of fermented tea ma terial of high quality Puerh tea (2007) 
 Uganda, Ethiopia, 
Madagascar:   Development of spice and food material (2008) 
 Tanzania:  Development of mix spice (2008) 
 Ghana:  Sustainable Cacao Beans from Designated Farms (2009) 
 Uganda:  Organic Cotton Products and Shea Butter Soap (2009) 
 Kenya:  Tea from Designated Production Areas (2009) 
 Rwanda:  Traditional Handicrafts (eg.Baskets) (2009) 
 
E. NEDO   
19. Research cooperation differs from technical coope ration in that it takes the form of research 
and development that are adapted to the technologi cal development issues (technological needs) being 
addressed at the developing countries.  Assistance is provided indirectly through New Energy and 
Industrial Technology Developmen t Organization (NEDO) to research institutions in developing 
countries and other bodies working jointly with them. 
20. NEDO, established in 1980, is Japan's larg est public management organization promoting 
research and development as well as the dissemina tion of industrial, energy and environmental 
technologies. IP/C/W/558/Add.1 
Page 6  
 
  21. The assistance is in the form of the dispatch  of research staff and technicians and the conduct 
of joint research through the accep tance of research personnel from the countries concerned.  In 
addition, joint research is carried out through va rious activities including the production of materials 
and equipment necessary for research cooperation, the installation of such materials and equipment in 
the recipient countries, and integrated operation and conduct of research.  
 Cambodia:  Removing Arsenic from Ground Water Using High Performance Iron 
Adsorbent (2010-2011) 
 
 Myanmar:  Cooperative Research Project on Utilization of Rice Husks as Biomass 
Fuels in Myanmar (2010-2011) 
 
 Myanmar:  Development of the Nonf ood Biomass Fuel production Technology 
(2011-2012) 
 
III. ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF  PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR 
22. As the provision of quality medicines form the foundation of healthcare, the establishment of 
a system that can consistently manufacture effectiv e, safe and quality medicines is a task of extreme 
importance. 
23. Furthermore, the spread of substandard/s purious/falsely-labelled/falsified/counterfeit 
(SSFFC) pharmaceutical products is a great public hea lth problem, as it not only threatens the health 
of individual users but also leads to waste of  public resources and/or to the risk of spawning 
drug-resistant strains of bacteria.  As such, st rengthening measures to combat the distribution of 
SSFFC pharmaceutical products is also of great importance. 
24. From these perspectives, the Government of Jap an, through the JICA and Japan International 
Corporation of Welfare Services (JICWELS), conducts  the following training programmes in order to 
develop and reinforce specialist personnel engaged in pharmaceutical administration: 
Training Programme for Pharmaceutical A ffairs Officials in Developing Countries 
25. This training programme is to develop human  resources in the planning and implementation 
of pharmaceutical administration in the respective countries referring to the system and experiences 
by Japan and information from attending countr ies.  The programme includes presentations on 
pharmaceutical affairs administration and related service in Japan, study visits to related facilities and 
lectures, with an aim of building up pharmaceutical  affairs administration in developing countries as 
well as information sharing among participants to promote mutual  understanding in the field of 
pharmaceutical administration.  In FY 2010, Japan welcomed seven participants from five different 
developing countries:  China, Iraq, I ndonesia, Lao PDR and Papua New Guinea. 
Training Programme on Manufacturing Cont rol of Essential Medicines - GMP Course 
26. This training programme is to develop human resources in the planning and administration of 
quality control in line with the GMP concept and the quality assurance of essential medicines in the 
respective countries referring to the system and e xperiences by Japan and information from attending 
countries.  The programme includes lectures on the Japanese pharmaceutical administration, GMP 
legislation, the Japanese pharmacopoeia and the pharm aceutical inspection in Japan.  The programme 
also includes study visits to the related facilities to provide more concrete information as well as 
information sharing among participants to prom ote mutual understanding in the field of quality 
control, in line with the GMP concept, and the quality assurance of essential medicines.  In FY 2010,  IP/C/W/558/Add.1 
 Page 7 
 
 
  Japan welcomed seven participants from four diffe rent developing countries:  Cambodia, Indonesia, 
the Philippines and Malaysia.  
27. In addition to these programmes, the Governme nt of Japan in cooperation with Japanese 
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers A ssociation (JPMA) and JICA supported the introduction of short 
course chemotherapy (SSC) against tuberculosis in  Nepal.  Technology transfer was conducted in 
order to enable the local production, followed by  the supply of bulk powder.  Furthermore, the 
Government of Japan in cooperation with JPMA  contributes to improvement of pharmaceutical 
regulations through participation in internationa l conferences and makes efforts to disseminate the 
outcomes to developing countries in Asian region.     
IV. ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 
A. ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS  
28. The Japan Patent Office (JPO) has been holding group training courses on intellectual 
property rights (IPRs) for government officials, in  cooperation with the WIPO and the Asia-Pacific 
Industrial Property Center (APIC) of the Japan Institute of Invention and Innovation (JIII).  In 
FY 2010, the following four group training cour ses were held for the ESCAP region and 61 
participants in total received training.   
Trainin g Courses Tar get Or ganizer
Training Course on the Enforcement of 
IPR under WIPO FIT/JPsenior officials iengaged in the enforcement of IPR 
in enforcement-related government agenciesWIPO and JPO
Training Course on the Use of 
Information Technology in IP Administration under WIPO FIT/JPsenior officials of IP offices responsible for 
information technology mattersWIPO and JPO
Training Course on the Examination 
Practices of Industrial Property (Basic Pro
gramme ) under WIPO FIT/JPpatent examiners and trademark examiners WIPO and JPO
The JPO/IPR Training Course on the 
Patent Examination Practices for ASEAN Member Countriespatent examiner in IP offices of ASEAN member 
countriesJPO
 
29. The JPO has also been holding the following group training course on industrial property 
rights for trainees from the private sector:  In FY 2010, the following three group training courses 
were held, and 42 participants  in total received training: 
Trainin g Courses Tter get Or ganizer
Training Course on the Enforcement of 
IPR under WIPO FIT/JPsenior officials iengaged in the enforcement of 
IPR in enforcement-related government agenciesWIPO and JPO
Training Course on the Use of 
Information Technology in IP 
Administration under WIPO FIT/JPsenior officials of IP offices responsible for 
information technology mattersWIPO and JPO
Training Course on the Examination 
Practices of Industrial Property (Basic 
Programme ) under WIPO FIT/JPpatent examiners and trademark examiners WIPO and JPO
 
30. The dispatch of experts is one of the WIPO  Funds-in-Trust/Japan programmes and has been 
executed according to the request from developing c ountries in the Asia and Pacific region with the 
purpose of providing foreign IP offices with neces sary instructions and advice.  The dispatched 
experts contribute to increasing the efficiency of fo reign IP offices to grant industrial property rights, 
and streamlining IP administration through rationali zation of administrative procedures.  Since 2008, IP/C/W/558/Add.1 
Page 8  
 
  the Government of Japan has also made annua l contributions to WIPO (i.e., WIPO Funds-in-
Trust/Japan for Africa and the LDC) on a voluntary b asis to promote technology transfer in Africa, 
and in 2009, the JPO began to dispatch its experts to Africa utilizing the contributions ,as well as 
providing equipment (Angola, Burundi, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Mali, Zimbabwe) and scholarships to Afri can University in Zimbabwe and the University of Yaoundé II in 
Cameroon. 
WIPO Seminar on Successful Experiences Link ing Intellectual Property and Business 
31. Aiming to support intellectual property developmen t in Africa, the JPO sent experts to the 
WIPO Seminar  in Pretoria, South Africa in May 2009.  The seminar had 60 participants from 
35 African countries (Algeria, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Ca meroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Comoros, 
Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mali, 
Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Rwanda, Sao Tome  and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra 
Leone, Swaziland, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Tanzania , Zambia, Zimbabwe, ARIPO,) and was the first 
event utilizing the WIPO funds-in-trust/Japan for Africa and the LDCs.  
WIPO Regional Forum on the Role of National Design Councils for the Effective Promotion 
and Protection of Industrial Design 
32. The forum was held in Vientiane, Lao PDR in  August 2009 and provided each country with 
the opportunity to share information on the protec tion and promotion of industrial designs and to 
discuss effective methods of protecting and utilizing industrial designs.  The JPO dispatched experts 
to the forum to share Japan's experience and know ledge.  The forum had 50 participants from 15 
countries mainly in the Asia-Pacific region (Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, 
Iran, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, the Philippines,  Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam and 
Lao PDR.) 
WIPO National Workshop on the Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) for Law 
Enforcement Agencies 
33. In order to discuss IPR enforcement issues including the importance of enforcement in 
Cambodia, the necessity of a legal framework to realize enforcement, and cooperation between the 
intellectual property office and the enforcement orga nization, the JPO dispatched an expert to the 
national workshop in Phnom Penh, Cambodia in October 2009.  The workshop had 50 local 
participants from governmental agencies and the private sector. 
WIPO Regional Workshop on Technology Transfer Ba sed on the Strategic Use of Intellectual 
Property  
34. The workshop was held in Casab lanca, Morocco in April 2010 a nd provided participants with 
the opportunity to share informati on and to exchange views on the stra tegic use of IPR in the process 
of technology transfer including the role of technology management offices (TMOs).  The JPO 
dispatched experts to the workshop.  The semi nar had about 30 participants from 26 African 
countries/organizations. (Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic, Central 
African Republic, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ghan a, Kenya, Lesotho, Morocco, Mali, Mauritius, 
Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwa nda, Senegal, South Africa, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabawe, 
ARIPO, OAPI). 
WIPO Study Programme on Innovati on and Transfer of Technology   
35. Aiming to provide an opportunity to discuss e xperiences, best practices and policy options 
with senior officials of member states, which have  either developed or are in process of developing  IP/C/W/558/Add.1 
 Page 9 
 
 
  innovation support centers, the JPO sent experts to Casablanca, Morocco in April 2011.  The study 
programme had about 20 participants from 12 A frican countries/organiza tions (Congo, Cameroon, 
Ghana, Madagascar, Morocco, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria,  Rwanda, Senegal, Zambia). 
WIPO Policy Dialogue on the Role of IP for Economic, Social and Cultural Development 
36. This forum was held in Lusak a, Zambia in May 2011 and provided a platform for dialogue 
between senior officials from the African Regi onal Economic Communities (RECs), and high level 
officials of countries of the region in charge of IP policy including heads of Intellectual Property (IP) offices, on IP and innovation policy issues and their impact on economic, social and cultural development. The JPO sent expert s to the forum to share Japan's  experiences and knowledge.  The 
forum had 50 participants from African countries and RECs (Botswana, Congo, Cameroon, Egypt, 
Ghana, Mali, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Ni geria, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, 
COMESA, EAC, UEMOA, ARIPO, OAPI).  
WIPO Regional Seminar on Realizing the Deve lopment Potential of ICT-Based Business 
Services  
37. This seminar was held in Victoria Falls,  Zimbabwe in May 2011 to discuss the growth 
potential of ICT and IP technology-based business  services.  The seminar brought together 32 IP 
officials from 15 countries in the African region (Botsw ana, Gambia, Ghana, Keny a, Lesotho, Liberia, 
Malawi, Mozambique, Nambibia, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe).  The 
participants exchanged views on the importance of developing ICT infrastructures and how to 
improve the efficiency and quality of ICT-based bus inesses.  The JPO sent an expert to the seminar 
and introduced its IP information services a nd how to make use of such information. 
 WIPO Seminar on Innovation Support through  Access to Technological Knowledge and the 
establishment of Technology and In novation Support Centers (TISCs ), ARIPO member states  
38. This seminar was held in Hara re, Zimbabwe in June 2011 and enhanced the capabilities of the 
member states to retrieve information on pate nt and technology from databases, demonstrate the 
practical advantages of using intellectual property (IP) information, and exchange experiences in 
developing innovation support networks . The JPO sent an expert to the seminar to share Japan's 
experiences and knowledge.  The forum had 50 pa rticipants from 21 Africa n countries (Botswana, 
Burundi, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Libe ria, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, 
Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa,  Sudan, Swaziland, Tan zania, Uganda, Zambia, 
Zimbabwe). 
B. ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF COPYRIGHTS  
39. The Japan Copyright Office (JCO) has been  planning and carrying out the following 
programmes in order to develop copyright systems in developing countries a nd to strengthen regional 
cooperation among Asia Pacific countries: 
APACE Programme 
 
40. Since its establishment in 1993, Asia-Pacifi c Copyright Systems Enhancement (APACE) 
Programme has contributed to the development of  copyright systems in Asia-Pacific countries in 
cooperation with WIPO.  The APACE programme ma inly consists of several activities such as 
Annual Regional Symposium, National Semina r, Training Programme, and Experts Missions. IP/C/W/558/Add.1 
Page 10  
 
   The Asia-Pacific Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Seminar 
 
41. This programme has been organized once a year  since 1997 in order to provide opportunities 
for exchanging information and views on copyright and neighbouring rights issues with copyright 
officials from Asia-Pacific countries.  The title was changed to 'Asia Copyright Conference' in 2010. 
 JICA Group Training Course 
 
42. This training course has been organized since 1998 in cooperation with the JICA for the 
development of copyright systems and its enforcement in developing countries. 
C. ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF  PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION  
43. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fi sheries (MAFF) of Japan has been planning and 
implementing the following activities on the purpose of  facilitating establishment and international 
harmonization of PVP systems in developing co untries, especially in East Asian countries. 
 JICA Group Training Course 
 
44. This JICA training course was started in 2000 in cooperation with the National Center for 
Seed and Seedlings (NCSS) to contribute to the protection of plant breeders' rights.  In FY 2010, six trainees were accepted from five countries in Asia. 
 Cooperative Activities under the East Asia  Plant Variety Protection Forum  
 
45. The East Asia Plant Variety Protection Foru m was set up in 2008 with participation of 
ASEAN countries, China, Republic of Korea and Ja pan.  Various cooperative activities proposed in 
this forum were implemented.  Japan provided tr aining courses in Japan, dispatched experts to in-
country training courses, and held  workshops and seminars on plant variety protection in FY 2010.   
 
 
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