IP/C/W/117/Add.34  
9 Decem ber 2016 
(16-6731) Page: 1/10 
Council for Trade -Related Aspects of  
Intellectual Property Rights  Original:  Spanish  
 
  REVIEW UNDER ARTICLE  24.2 OF THE APPLICAT ION OF THE   
PROVISIONS OF THE SE CTION OF THE TRIPS A GREEMENT   
ON GEOGRAPHICAL INDI CATIONS  
RESPONSES TO THE CHE CKLIST OF QUESTIONS1 
Addendum  
EL SALVADOR  
1  SECTION A: GENERAL  
1. Is protection for geographical indication s provided through unfair competition law, 
e.g. passing off, false designation of origin ; through a formal procedure for 
notification/registration before protection is available ; or through both ? Does the 
recognition of a geographical indication require re gistration?  
Geographical indications are protected under  the provisions governing unfair competition, pursuant 
to Art . 101.2(c)2, (e)3 in relation with Art. 8(i)4, (f)5 in relation with Art. 9(h) and (f)6, and Art. 647 
of the Law on Trademarks and Other Di stinctive Signs.  
                                                
1 Documents IP/C/13 and IP/C/13/Add.1.  
2 Art. 101. - The acts or behaviour defined by this Law shall not be deemed exhaustive, and any act or 
behaviour which, even t hough it is not included in this Law, is deemed unfair in accordance with the previous 
Article shall be prohibited.  
The following shall inter alia constitute acts of unfair competition:  
(…) 
(c) the use or spreading of indications or allegations, or the omi ssion of true information, when this is 
liable to be misleading as to the origin, nature, method of manufacture, suitability for use or consumption, 
quantity or other characteristics of one's own goods or services or those of a competitor;  
(…) 
3 Art. 101. - (…) 
The following shall inter alia constitute acts of unfair competition:  
(…) 
(e) use as a trademark of a sign whose registration is prohibited under Article 8(g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), 
(m), (n), or (o) of this Law;  
4 Art. 8. - A sign covered by any of the following cases may not be registered or used as a trademark or 
a part thereof:  
(…) 
(i) It can cause deliberate misrepresentation or confusion as to the geographical source, nature, mode 
of production, qualities, suitability for use or consumption, qua ntity or other characteristic of the good or 
service in question; (…)  
5 Art. 101. - (…) 
The following shall inter alia constitute acts of unfair competition:  
(…) 
6 Art. 9. - Any sign that affects a third party right may not be registered or used as a tradema rk or 
element thereof in the following cases:  
(…) 
(h) It is liable to cause confusion with a geographical indication or appellation of origin which is 
protected or for which the application for protection was filed prior to the application for the trademar k; 
(…) 
(j) The application filed to register the sign was made to perpetrate or consolidate an act of unfair 
competition.  IP/C/W/117/Add.34  
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The right of protection against unfair competition is exercised before the competent courts , namely 
the civil and commercial courts (Art. 102 of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs) . 
Nonetheless, it may also be exercised  before the administrative authority, by opposing registration 
and invoking the relevant subparagraphs of Arts. 8 and 9, in accordance with  Art. 16 of the Law on 
Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs ; these provisions may also be applied ex officio in the 
substantive examination of an application without any  need to invoke  them, if they are already 
known to the ex amining authority.  
 
In addition to the provisions governing unfair competition, the right of protection may also be 
exercised  under Art. 64 of the La w on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs . 
 
Our legislation does not specifical ly provide for "recognition" of geographical indications . A 
geographical indication must be registered in accordance  with national legislation (Art.  67 of the 
Law on Trademark s and Other Distinctive Signs) in order for protection to be conferred . In the 
case of foreign geographical indications, the documents issued by the competent authorities in the 
country of origin are recognized (Art. 69 of the Law on Trademarks and Other D istinctive Signs).  
 
2. Is there one single regime of protection of geographical indications for all products ? 
If not, identify the different regimes.  
 
Our legislation  provides that  geographical indications may be protected under the following two 
regimes:  
 
a. A geographical indication may be protected as a trademark (individual, col lective  or 
certification  mark) under  Art. 4 of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs . 
 
b. Procedure for registration of a geographical indication : Arts. 64 ff. of the  Law on 
Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs.  
 
3. Do(es) the regime(s) of protection of geographical indications also extend to 
services?  
 
No. 
 
4. What provisions of law or regulations are directed to the recognition of geographical 
indications required by Articles 22.2 and 23.1 of the TRIPS Agreement ? Citations to laws 
should be provided and, if the texts of the laws have not been notified to the WTO, 
copies should be provided pursuant to Article 63.2.  
The Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs8, specifically the provisions mentioned in 
response No. 1 above . The Law and amendments thereto have been notified to the WTO.  
 
5. If the required recognition of geographical indications is not provided through 
statutes or regulations, please explain, in det ail, the mechanism or mechanisms through 
which the protection required is provided.  
 
N/A. 
 
                                                                                                                                                  
7 Art. 64. - A geographical indication or appellation of origin may not be used in trade to designate a 
good or service if such indicat ion is false or misleading with regard to the geographical origin or setting of the 
good or service, or if its use would result in a likelihood of confusion among the public with respect to the 
origin, source, characteristics or qualities of the good or se rvice. Nor shall its use be permitted in trade, even 
where the true origin of the good is indicated or the geographical indication is used in translation or 
accompanied by expressions such as "kind", "type", "style", "imitation" or the like.  
8 Legislative Decree (LD) No.  868 of 6  June 2002, published in Official Journal (OJ) No.  125, 
Vol. No. 356, of 8  July 2002, and the following amendments thereto:  
(1) LD No.  913 of 14  December  2005; OJ No.  8, Vol. No.  370, of 12  January  2006.  
(2) LD No.  986 of 17  March  2006; OJ No.  58, Vol. No.  370, of 23  March  2006.  
(3) LD No.  358 of 19  April 2013; OJ No.  81, Vol. No.  399, of 6  May 2013.  IP/C/W/117/Add.34  
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  6. Please provide a few examples of domestic geographical indications protected in 
accordance with the means discussed above and indicate the means by which such 
protection is provided.  
 
CAFÉ APANECA ILAMATEPEC, registered as No. 00003 , Appellations of Origin Book  00001 . 
 
Collective marks, such as Pupusas 100 % Olocuilta and logo, and San Lorenzo jocote and loroco , 
and logos. 
 
7. Is the higher level of protection requi red for wines and spirits under Article 23.2 of 
the TRIPS Agreement provided for any other product ? If so, please specify such 
products and the law under which they are protected.  
 
Yes, any kind of product that meets the requirements laid down in national legislation is accorded 
the same level of protection as a geographical indication or appellation  of origin . 
 
2  SECTION B: DEFINITION AND CRITERIA FOR RECOGNITION  
8. How are geographical indications defined?  
 
Geographical  Indication : Any geographical name, de signation, picture or sign which identifies  or 
evokes a good originating in a particular country, group of countries, region, locality or place, 
where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its 
geogra phical origin (Art. 2(j) of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs ). 
 
9. Would such a definition comprise geographical indications identifying products of a 
certain quality or reputation which are indirectly linked to a specific region?  
 
Not in the preceding definition, but in the definition of the term appellation of origin, which reads 
as follows : 
 
According to  the notion of appellation of origin set forth in national legislation, the constituent 
elements of an appellation which, without being from a particular country, region or place, refers 
to a particular geographical area when used in conjunction with products originating from the said 
area, shall also be deemed to be an appellation of origin . 
 
10. In determining whether recognition should be given a geographical indication, what 
criteria are considered?  
 
The registration criteria are laid down  in Art. 68 of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive 
Signs . 
 
11. Is there any human creativity involved in the making of specific products under  
protection by the system of geographical indications ? If so, how much ? And do these 
products involve any human factors?  
 
Our legislation  provides that  human creativity and human factors are involved . There is no 
mechanism for establishing the level of hum an creativity in products protected by geographical 
indications.  
 
12. Are there any other intellectual property rights involved, such as patents for 
example?  
 
No other intellectual property rights are involved . 
 
13. What authority, if any, may define the g eographical region or area for which rights 
are claimed and on what basis is such definition made?  
 
The Intellectual Property Registry, through the  registration  process , and the definition is base d on 
the application filed by the requesting producers or  authorities.  
 IP/C/W/117/Add.34  
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  14. Does your legislation contain criteria for homonymous geographical indications for 
wines?  
 
The legislation applicable  to homonymous geographical indications is consistent with the provisions 
of the TRIPS Agreement.  
 
15. Does your national l egislation provide for recognition and protection of geographical 
indications or appellations of origin of foreign countries?  
 
Yes, recognition is provided for under Art. 67  of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive 
Signs . 
 
16. Is there any specific p rohibition in the legislation/regulations/rules/procedures 
covering geographical indications not protected in the country of origin ? If so, please 
specify the relevant statutory provision.  
 
Art. 67.4 of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs lin ks the protection  of foreign 
geographical indications in El Salvador with their protection in the country of origin : "Foreign 
producers, manufacturers or craftsmen, as well as the competent authorities of foreign countries, 
may apply for registration of fo reign appellations of origin or geographical indications, provided 
that the se are protected in the country of origin ". Likewise, Art. 73 -E provides that : "Geographical 
indications and appellations of origin protected under the provisions of this Law shall not be 
considered common or gen eric to distinguish the product identified by them , as long as such 
protection obtains in the country of origin".  
 
2.1  SECTION C : PROCEDURE FOR RECOGNITION  
17. With respect to any formal system for recognition of geographical ind ications, must 
the applicant be a governmental organization or can a private entity own the rights to a 
geographical indication?  
 
Producers, manufacturers or craftsmen established in the relevant geographical area, as well as 
the competent public authoriti es, may apply for registration of national  geographical indications . 
 
Producers, manufacturers or craftsmen  and the competent authorities in the country of origin  may 
apply for registration of foreign geographical indications.  
 
Art. 67 .2-4 of the Law on Tr ademarks and Other Distinctive Signs . 
 
18. What are the competent authorities where the protection of a geographi cal 
indication can be obtained?  
 
The National Registration Centre's Intellectual Property Register is the administrative authority 
responsible for administering intel lectual property rights.  
 
19. Do the procedures which lead to the recognition of a geographical indication take 
place ex officio or must they be based on the initiative of an entity or person?  
 
An application has to be filed by t he interested party , pursuant to Art. 67 of the Law on 
Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs . 
 
20. What, if any, fees are involved in the application and maintenance of rights in a 
geographical indication?  
 
The fees are set out  in Art . 109 of the Law on Trade marks and Other Distinctive Signs . 
 
21. If criteria must be set out in an application for recognition of a geographical 
indication, are those criteria purely geographic in nature?  
 
No, they are not exclusively geographic in nature.  IP/C/W/117/Add.34  
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  22. What other criteria,  if any, must be set out in an application for recognition of a 
geographical indication?  
They are laid down in Art s. 68 and 69 of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs.  
 
23. What information must be supplied in an application for rights in a ge ographical 
indication?  
 
See Arts . 69 and 73 -A of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs.  
 
24. Must the goods or services with respect to which a geographical indication is 
claimed be set out?  
 
Yes, the goods must be indicated (Art. 69(f) of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive 
Signs ). 
 
25. What mechanisms are provided to oppose the recognition of a geographical 
indication ? How is an investigation conducted after such a complaint?  
 
The procedure for opposition follows  the rules laid down in  Arts. 16 and 17 of the Law on 
Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs.  
 
Once registration has been granted, any complaint s are heard by the civil and commercial courts ; 
there is no investigation, but the evidence submitted by the parties  is appraised . In the event of a 
criminal complaint, the investigation is conducted by the Office of the Attorney -General of the 
Republic . 
 
26. Who can oppose the recognition of a geographical indication?  
 
Any party claiming a legitimate interest , pursuant  to Art . 16.1 of th e Law on Trademarks and 
Other Distinctive Signs . 
 
27. If your national legislation provides for recognition and protection of geographical 
indications or appellations of origin of foreign countries, what is the procedure that has 
to be followed in order to  obtain such recognition and consequent protection?  
 
To obtain protection  for a foreign geographical indication or appellation of origin , it is necessary to 
follow the  procedure for registration laid down in Arts . 68 and 69 of the Law on Trademarks and 
Other Distinctive Signs , which begins with the filing of an application with the National Registration 
Centre's Intellectual Property Registry . The main steps of the procedure are as follow s: 
 
 Application  
 Exam ination  
 Publica tion (Opposition where necessary ) 
 Payment of fees  
 Registr ation 
3  SECTION D: MAINTENANCE  
28. How long does recognition for a geographical indication continue?  
 
The term of registration of a geographical indication or appellation of origin is indefinite, as long as 
the conditions that gave rise  to the protection obtain, in accordance with Art. 72 of the Law on 
Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs . 
 
The term of recognition  of a geographical indication as a trademark ( individual, collective or 
certification mark) is ten years, renewable for further ten-year periods.  
 IP/C/W/117/Add.34  
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  29. If recognition of a geographical indication must be renewed or reaffirmed, what 
information must be provided in order to effect such a renewal or reaffirmation ? Specify 
any fees involved in the renewal or reaffirmation.  
 
In the c ase of trademark (individual, collective or certification mark) protection, it is necessary to 
file an application for renewal that meets  all the requirements laid down in Art. 22 of the Law on 
Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs , and to pay the fee pre scribed in Art. 109 of the Law . 
30. Must a geographical indication be used in order to maintain rights ? If so, how is such 
use determined?  
 
No. 
 
31. Is there a specified limit for non -use before rights in a geographical indication cease 
and, if so, what is  that limit?  
 
There is no limit on use in the case of a registered geographical indication or appellation of origin.  
 
In the case of a geographical indication protected as an individual mark, protection is not forfeited 
for failure to use it, except if an interested party requests that it be cancelled on grounds of 
non-use (Art. 41 -A of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs) and, in the case of 
collective marks, cancellation may be  sought under  Art. 51 of the Law on Trademarks and Other 
Distinct ive Signs . In either  case, a petition for cancellation may be filed with a civil or commercial 
court, in the first instance  after five years of failure to use the mark in El  Salvador, and in the 
second, after one year of exclusive use by the  owner but not by the authorized persons.  
 
32. Who monitors the use of geographical indications to determine if the criteria 
identified in the application continue to be met?  
 
There is no mechanism for ascertaining continued compliance with the conditions that gave rise to 
the registration or use of geographical indication s or appellation s of origin ; on the other hand , in 
the case of geographical indications or appellations of origin, any interested party may file a 
petition for cancellation with a civil or commercial cou rt on grounds of failure to comply  with the 
criteria set out  in the application , pursuant to Art. 74.2 of the Law on Trademarks and Other 
Distinctive Signs . 
 
33. If a government entity is responsible for monitoring the use of geographical 
indications, what  are its procedures for doing so?  
 
N/A. 
 
34. Are there means by which interested parties may request termination of a 
geographical indication based on non -use or failure to maintain the criteria identified in 
the application ? Describe the procedure.  
 
In the case of a geographical indication or appellation  of origin, any interested party may file a 
petition for  cancellation  with a civil or commercial court on grounds of failure to comply with  the 
criteria set out  in the application , pursuant to Art. 74.2 of the Law on Trademarks and Other 
Distinctive Signs.  
 
The ordinary declarative procedure before a civil or commercial court  is used for the purposes of 
cancellation , pursuant to Arts . 41-A and 74.2 of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive 
Signs  and Art . 240 of the Code of Civil and Commercial Procedure.  
 
35. Do the procedures which lead to forfeiture of a geographical indication take place 
ex officio or must they be based on the initiative of an entity or person?  
 
Such procedures are not conducted  ex officio but on the initiative of an y interested party.  
 IP/C/W/117/Add.34  
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  4  SECTION E: SCOPE OF RIGHTS AND USE  
36. May anyone who meets the criteria submitted to obtain recognition of a geographical 
indication use that geographical indication after recognition is given or must additional 
criteria or procedures be followed by that party before use is permitted ? 
 
Use of a geographical indication or appellation of origin is subject to an authorization of use being 
granted by the administering body, in accordance with the registered  rules of administration or 
use. A foreign geographical indication or appellation of origin is governed by the applicable 
legislation in the country of origin.  
 
Use of a geographical indication registered as a collective or certification mark is subject to  
compliance with the requirements and procedures laid down in the rules of use registered together 
with the mark.  
 
Use of an individual mark is an exclusive right of its owner, except where a license for use has 
been granted, in accordance with  Arts. 5, 26  and 35 of the Law on Trademarks and Other 
Distinctive Signs.  
 
37. Who makes the determination regarding use of a geographical indication by 
particular parties, the entity responsible for the recognition or the entity that obtained 
the recognition?  
 
The en tity holding  the registration  or the administrative body, depending on whether the 
determination concerns a trademark or a geographical indication or appellation of origin.  
 
38. Are there fees involved in receiving authorization to use a particular geograp hical 
indication and, if so, what are those fees and how are they established?  
 
The relevant rules of use and administration determine whether an authorization of use is issued 
free of charge or for a fee.  
 
39. If there is a dispute regarding use of a geog raphical indication by a particular party, 
what procedures are followed to resolve it?  
 
In the case of a geographical indication or appellation of origin : Art. 73 -D of the Law on 
Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs.  
 
In the case of an individual mark : during the term of registration or the term stipulated in the 
licence  (Art. 35 of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs ). 
 
In the case of a collective mark  or certification mark : as established in the rules of use registered 
together with the ma rk. 
 
40. Must individual authorized users of a geographical indication use that geographical 
indication continually to retain their right to use it and, if so, how is their use 
determined and how long will disuse be permitted?  
 
As laid down  in the re levant  rules of use.  
 
41. If there is a dispute over continuity of use by a particular party, how is it resolved?  
 
Depending on the relevant rules of use, the re sponse  to question 39 applies.  
 
42. Does the regime for protection of geographical indications allow geographical 
indications to be licensed and, if so, what conditions are imposed on such licences ? If 
such conditions are not met, what is the effect on the geographical indication?  
 
Licensing of geographical indications , appellations  of origin, collective marks or certification marks 
is not allowed . Only individual m arks may be licensed . 
 IP/C/W/117/Add.34  
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  43. How is "grandfathered use" of a geographical indication, under Article 24.4 of the 
TRIPS Agreement, applied in your country?  
 
See Art . 64.3 of the Law on Trademarks an d Other Distinctive Signs:  
 
"Nothing shall prevent  continued and similar use of a particular geographical indication in 
connection with goods or services by any Salvadoran national  or person domiciled in the country 
that has used that geographical indicati on in good faith and in a continuous manner with regard to 
the same or related goods or services  in the territory of the Republic on the date established by 
international treaties to which El Salvador is party ". 
5  SECTION F: RELATIONSHIP TO TRADEMARKS  
44. What steps are taken to ensure that, in recognizing a geographical indication, the 
obligations of Article 16.1 of the TRIPS Agreement are not nullified and impaired?  
 
Arts. 8 and 9 of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs . 
 
45. What steps are tak en to ensure that, in recognizing a geographical indication, the 
obligations of Article 16.2 and 16.3 of the TRIPS Agreement are not nullified and 
impaired?  
 
Arts. 68(d) and Art . 9 of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs.  
 
46. What procedures are foreseen in case of a conflict of a geographical indication with a 
trademark?  
 
Administrative jurisdiction  (registration process)  for the purposes of opposition : Art. 16 of the Law 
on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs . 
 
Judicial jurisdiction : 
 
 Administrative courts  
a. Administrative dispute  
 
 Civil and commercial c ourts 
a. Invalidation of a distinctive sign : Art. 39 of the Law on Trademarks and Other 
Distinctive Signs  
 
b. Cancellation on grounds of  non-use: Art. 41 -A of the Law on Trademarks and Oth er 
Distinctive Signs  
 
6  SECTION G: ENFORCEMENT  
47. How are rights in the geographical indication enforced ? Are provisions available 
under unfair competition law ? Trademark law ? Other laws ? Provide citations to the laws 
and, if they have not been notified und er Article 63.2 of the TRIPS Agreement, please 
provide copies.  
 
Art. 101 of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs : Acts of unfair competition 
involving industrial property.  
 
Art. 102 of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs : Action against acts of unfair 
competition . 
 
48. Who has the right to enforce a geographical indication?  
 
The administering body  (Art. 73-B of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs ). 
 IP/C/W/117/Add.34  
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  49. What judicial or administrative bodies have jurisdiction over en forcement actions 
related to geographical indications ? Are there fees involved and, if so, what are those 
fees?  
The civil and commercial courts, pursuant to Art . 113 of the Law on Trademarks and Other 
Distinctive Signs . There are no fees involved.  
 
50. Must the public be notified of the existence of a geographical indication and, if so, 
how and how often?  
 
Once an application for a distinctive sign , including geographical indications and appel lations of 
origin, has been filed and declared admissible  for pro cessing , the respective notifications  must be 
made public by means of  publication in the Official Journal and  a national newspaper, in 
accordance with Art. 15 of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs . 
 
51. Is unauthorized use of a geographical indication subject to criminal action and, if so, 
describe the procedures . If the law has not been notified pursuant to Article 63.2 of the 
TRIPS Agreement, please provide a copy.  
 
Criminal Code: Title IX, Offences/Offences  against  the socioeconomic order /Chapter I  on offences  
relating to industrial property . 
 
"Art. 229: The reproduction, imitation, modification or use of any kind of a mark, trade name, 
expression, advertising sign or any other distinctive commercial sign for industrial or commercial 
purpos es and without the consent of the holder, in violation of the rights appertaining to the 
industrial property registered in conformity with the law, shall be punished by two to four years' 
imprisonment. (30)  
 
The same penalty shall apply to those who export , import or  possess for the purposes of sale or 
placing on the market, products or services  bearing marks or distinctive commercial signs which, 
in accordance with the preceding paragraph, constitute an infringement of the exclusive rights of 
the holder.  (30)" 
 
7  SECTION H: INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS  
52. Is your government party to an international, including bilateral or plurilateral, 
agreement for the notification and/or registration of geographical indications ? If so, 
please name the international agreement and explain the relationship between it and 
your national legislation.  
 
El Salvador ha s signed the following free trade agreements containing specific intellectual 
property -related provisions or chapters that also provide for the protection of geographical  
indications:  
 
 Dominican Republic -Central America -United States FTA (DR-CAFTA)  
 FTA between Chile and Central America  
 FTA between El Salvador and Panam a 
 Association Agreement between Central America and the European Union  
 FTA with  Mexico 
53. What other inte rnational agreements, if any, have been entered into ? What do those 
agreements provide?  
 
None. 
 IP/C/W/117/Add.34  
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  Addendum  
The following questions should be added to the Checklist of Questions annexed to 
document  IP/C/13.  
 
Section A  
Does your economy's industrial property law and/or related law prevent the use of 
geographical indications identifying wines or spirits against products not originating in 
the place indicated by the geographical indication, even where the true origin of the 
goods is indicated or the geographical  indication is used in translation or accompanied 
by expressions such as "kind", "type", "style", "imitation" or the like?  
 
Art. 64 .3 of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs . 
 
Section B  
Is there a clear distinction among the terms "geographica l indications", "appellations of 
origin" and "indications of source" in your economy's industrial property law and/or 
related law, or are there any substantive criteria to distinguish these terms ? Does your 
legislation contain criteria for homonymous geogr aphical indications for wines 
and spirits?  
 
The Trademark Law does not cover  indications of source, but it does distinguish between 
geographical indications and appellations of origin.  
 
Definitions of geographical indications and appellations of origin : Art. 2(j) and (k), respectiv ely, 
establishing the relevant criteria for distinguishing these terms.  
 
Our legislation does not contain any criteria for distinguish ing between homonymous geographical 
indications.  
 
Section F  
Does your economy's industrial prope rty law and/or related law provide the refusal or 
invalidation of a trademark registration, which consists of or contains geographical 
indications identifying wines or spirits with respect to such wines or spirits not 
originating in the indicated territory ? 
 
Arts. 8 (i), 9(h) and 64 of the Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs . 
__________