PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  
  DUS 1575:2016 
First Edition
2016 -mm-dd
 
 
 Reference numbe r
DUS 1551: 2016
© UNBS 201 6
 
  
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY - ONSHORE OIL AND GAS 
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS – REQUIREMENTS   
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2016 
ii © UNBS 2016 – All rights reserved
 Comp
liance w
ith this standard does not; of itself confer immuni ty from legal obligations 
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary pro visions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct application  
© UNBS 2016 
All rights reserved. Unless other wise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form 
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopyi ng and microfilm, without prior written permission 
from UNBS. 
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be ad dressed to 
The Executive Director 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
P.O. Box 6329 
Kampala 
Uganda 
Tel: 256 414 505 995 
Fax: 256 414 286 123 
E-mail: unbs@infocom.co.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1551:2016 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  iii
 Contents Page 
Contents	
1  Scope ......................................................... ............................................................................................ 1  
3  Terms and de finitions ......................................... .................................................................................. 1  
3.1 Adequate V entilation ...................................... ............................................................................................. 1  
3.2 Authorized Person ....................................................................................................................................... 2  
3.3 Cellar .................................................... ......................................................................................................... 2  
3.4 Christmas tree ............................................ .................................................................................................. 2  
3.5 combustible liquid ........................................ ............................................................................................... 2  
3.6 Contractor ................................................ ..................................................................................................... 2  
3.7 Critical Equipment ........................................ ............................................................................................... 2  
3.8 Electrical Classifi cation of areas ........................ ........................................................................................ 2  
3.9 Flammabl e Liquid .......................................... .............................................................................................. 2  
3.10 Full Body Harness ........................................ ............................................................................................. 2  
3.11 Guarded .................................................. .................................................................................................... 2  
3.12 Hazardous Substance ............................................................................................................................... 3  
3.13 Hot oil treatment: ....................................... ................................................................................................ 3  
3.14 Hot Tapping (pipe tapping) ............................... ........................................................................................ 3  
3.15 hot work ................................................. ..................................................................................................... 3  
3.16 lanyard .................................................. ...................................................................................................... 3  
3.17 lockout/t ag out .......................................... ................................................................................................. 3  
3.18 Operator ................................................. ..................................................................................................... 3  
3.19 Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS) ....................... ................................................................................. 3  
3.20 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). ..................... ............................................................................... 3  
3.21 Pumping Unit ............................................. ................................................................................................. 3  
3.22 Qualifie d Person ......................................... ............................................................................................... 3  
3.23 Rated Working pressure ................................... ........................................................................................ 4  
3.24 Simultaneous  Operations .................................. ....................................................................................... 4  
3.25 Supervisor ............................................... ................................................................................................... 4  
3.26 Well servicing ........................................... .................................................................................................. 4  
4. Safety......................................................... ...................................................................................................... 4  
6 Design ...................................................... ............................................................... ....................................... 19  
6.1 Emergency eye or body wash stations ....................... ............................................................... ............. 19  
6.2 Critical equipment ........................................ ............................................................... ............................... 19  
6.3 Changes to critical equipment ............................................................... ................................................... 19  
6.4 Fire prevention ........................................... ............................................................... ................................. 19  
6.5 Fire protection ........................................... ............................................................... .................................. 20  
6.6 Grounding a nd bonding ..................................... ............................................................... ........................ 21  
7.7 Flammabl e liquids ......................................... ............................................................... .............................. 21  
7.7.1 Cont ainers .............................................. ............................................................... .................................. 21  
7.7.2 Fuel and Oil Trans fers and Refuelling ................... ............................................................... ................ 21  
7.7.4 Storage ................................................. ............................................................... ..................................... 22  
7.8 Equipment .............................................................................................................................. ..................... 23  
7.8.1 Generators, Mot ors, and Lighting ........................ ............................................................... .................. 23  
7.8.2 Electrica l Systems ...................................... ............................................................... ............................. 23  
7.8.2.1 Electrical S ystems Equipment .......................... ............................................................... .................. 23  PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
iv © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 7.8.3 Classificati on of Areas ................................. ............................................................... ............................24  
7.8.4 Tanks, Separators and Heater Treaters ................... ............................................................... ...............24  
7.8.5 Vapor Recovery Systems (sy stems designed to minimize vapor releases to the environment) ....24  
8 Training .................................................... ............................................................... ........................................24  
9 Procedures .................................................. ............................................................... ....................................25  
9.1 Well Start-up ............................................. ............................................................... ....................................25  
9.1.2 Design Review .............................................................................................................................. ............25  
9.1.3 Pressure Relief ......................................... ............................................................... .................................25  
9.1.4 Start-up  Procedures ..................................... ............................................................... ............................25  
9.1.5 Training of Employee a nd Contractor Personnel ........... ............................................................... .......27 
10 Maintenance ................................................ ............................................................... ..................................27  
10.2 Tank cleaning ............................................ ............................................................... .................................27  
10.3 Drilling and well servicing .............................. ............................................................... ..........................27  
11 Incident Inv estigat ion ..................................... ............................................................... ..............................27  
12 Emergency Response ......................................... ............................................................... .........................27  
12.2 Medical  services ......................................... ............................................................... ...............................27  
12.3 Firs t Aid ................................................ ............................................................... ......................................28  
13 Special Operations ......................................... ............................................................... ..............................28  
13.1 Well Testing ............................................. ............................................................... ...................................28  
13.2 Pumping and hot oil ope rations (flow lines) .............. ............................................................... .............28  
13.3 Pigging operations ....................................... ............................................................... .............................29  
13.4 Hot tapping on equipment in service ...................... ............................................................... ................30   PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1551:2013 
© UNBS 2016 – All rights reserved  v
 Foreword 
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal unde r the Ministry of Trade, Industry and 
Cooperatives established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda.  UNBS is mandated to co-ordinate the 
elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commissi on on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT/SPS Agreements of the Wor ld Trade Organisation (WTO). 
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through T echnical Committees. A Technical Committee is 
established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area  and consists of representatives of consumers, 
traders, academicians, manufactu rers, government and other stak eholders. 
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are w idely circulated to stakeholders and the general 
public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards for approval 
and declaration as Uganda Standar ds by the National Standards C ouncil.  
Committee membership 
The following organisations were represented on the Management Systems’ Standards Technical Committee, 
UNBS/TC 10/SC3, during the development of this standard:  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2016
vi © UNBS 2013 – All rights reservedThe requirements in this Draft Uganda Standards are intended to ensure that the oil and gas industry 
implements occupational safety practices concentrating on perso nal protection and safe 
workplace, to include:  owners, operators, contractors, a nd service providers during oil and gas 
operations and production.   
  
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDRAFT UGANDA STANDARD DUS 1575:2015
5 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  1
 Occupational Safety for Onshor e Oil and Gas Production Operatio n – Code of Practice 
1 Scope 
This Draft Uganda Standard covers Occupational safety practices that apply to production 
operations, drilling, well servicing and work over operations t o ensure occupational safety of 
personnel within the oil and gas sector and or industry. 
 
2 Normative references 
 
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated referen ces, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies. Occupational Safety and Health Act 2006 and US 534:2008, Occupational health and safety 
management systems — Specification  
The Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act 
US ISO 4007:2012 Personal Protective Equipment – Eye and face p rotection – vocabulary 
US ISO 4007:2012, Personal protective equipment — Eye and face protection — Vocabulary  
US ISO 20345: 2011, Personal protective equipment — Safety foot wear  
US ISO 20346:2014, Personal protective equipment — Protective footwear  
US ISO 20347:2012, Personal protective equipment — Occupational  footwear 
US 402:1993 Standard specification for portable reflective tria ngles  
US 1554:2015 Personnel Protectiv e Equipment – Code of Practice  
US ISO 14693:2014, Petroleum and nat ural gas industries – drill ing and well servicing 
equipment 
3 Terms and definitions 
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions shall apply.  
3.1 Adequate Ventilation 
Adequate ventilation is for the prevention of fire and explosio ns. Adequate ventilation is 
ventilation (natural or artifici al) that is sufficient to prevent the accumulation of significant 
quantities of vapor-air mixtures in concentrations above 10% of their lower explosive limit 
(LEL). PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
2 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 3.2 Authorized Person 
A qualified person assigned byan employer to perform or supervise the performance of a 
specific type of duty or duties at the work site. 
3.3 Cellar 
Excavation around the wellhead to provide space for items of equipment at the top of the wellbore. 
3.4 Christmas tree 
The valves and fittings assembled at the top of a completed wel l  t o  c o n t r o l  t h e  f l o w  o f  
hydrocarbons and other fluids.  
3.5 combustible liquid 
Any liquid having a flash-point at or above 37.78oC. 
3.6 Contractor  
Any person or company t hat contracts or subcontracts to perform  all or any part of oil and gas 
well production operations. 
3.7 Critical Equipment  
Equipment and other systems dete rmined to be essential in preve nting the occurrence of, or 
mitigating the consequences  of an uncontrolled event. 
3.8 Electrical Classification of areas  
Locations are classified. 
3.9 Flammable Liquid  
Any liquid having a flashpoint below. 
3.10 Full Body Harness 
Straps which may be secured about a person in a manner that wil l distribute the fall arrest 
forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest, and shou lders, with means for attaching it 
to other components of a personal fall arrest system. 
3.11 Guarded  
Covered, shielded, fenced, enclos ed, or otherwise protected by means of suitable covers or 
casings, barrier rails, or screens  to eliminate the possibility  of accidental contact with or 
dangerous approach by persons, animals, or objects. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS  1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  3
 3.12 Hazardous Substance 
Any substance that, by reason of being explosive, flammable, to xic, corrosive, oxidizing, 
irritating, or otherwise harmful, has the potential to cause in jury, illness, or death. 
3.13 Hot oil treatment:  
The process of heating oil and pumping it into piping, tubing, casing, or a formation to remove 
paraffin. 
3.14 Hot Tapping (pipe tapping)  
The process of drilling a hole through the wall of pipe that is  under pressure. A special saddle 
is used to attach a valve and lubricator to the pipe. 
3.15 hot work  
Work involving electric or gas w elding, cutting, brazing, grind ing or similar flame or spark 
producing operations. 
3.16 lanyard  
A flexible line of rope, wire r ope, or Strap which generally has a connector at each end for 
connecting the body belt or body har ness to a deceleration devi ce, lifeline or anchorage. 
3.17 lockout/tag out  
A procedure to control hazardous energy. 
3.18 Operator  
The entity responsible for managi ng operations in a field or un developed acreage position 
3.19 Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS)  
A system designed to provide protection to a person from falls.  The PFAS should consist of an 
anchorage, connector and a synthetic  webbing full body harness which may include a lanyard 
and a deceleration device. 
3.20 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). 
Includes all equipment, (including clothing affording protection against the weather) which is 
intended to be worn or held by an employee and which protects a gainst one or more risks to 
health or safety. 
3.21 Pumping Unit  
Surface equipment used for the purpose of mechanically lifting fluids from a well.  
3.22 Qualified Person  
Means, in respect of a specified duty, a person who, because of  his knowledge, training and experience, 
is qualified to perform that duty safely and properly  PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
4 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 3.23 Rated Working pressure  
The maximum internal pressure that equipment is designed to con tain and/or control. Working 
pressure is not to be conf used with test pressure. 
3.24 Simultaneous Operations  
Two or more of the following activities being performed in clos e proximity: pr oduction, drilling, 
and completion, work over, wire line (except routine operations ), major construction 
operations, well test ing and maintenance. 
3.25 Supervisor  
Person who has been given the cont rol, direction, or supervision of work performed by one or 
more personnel. 
3.26 Well servicing  
Well work involving pulling or run ning tubulars or sucker rods,  to include but; not limited to re-
drilling, completing, recompl eting, work-ov er, and abandoning o perations. 
4 Safety 
4.1 Safety practices 
4.1.1 Personnel shall be properly trained in relation to their job duties. Additionally, pre-job 
safety meetings that include all affected personnel, including contractors, should be held to 
review responsibilities for t he operation(s) to be performed. 
4.1.2 Personnel should receive instruct ion in correct work methods to  reduce chance of injury 
to themselves or fellow personnel. 
4.1.3 A safety program shall be es tablished and maintained. 
The following elements shall be c onsidered when developing a co mprehensive safety 
program: a) confined space entry b) contractor safety c) electrical safety d) emergency response e) Fire preventi on and protection 
f) First aid g) general safety rules h) hazard communication PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS  1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  5
 i) hazardous environment 
j) hot working/welding k) housekeeping l) hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide 
m) lifting n) lockout/tag out o) other equipment safety (hoists, cranes, etc) p) periodic reviews q) personal protective equipment r) personnel training s) production equipment safety t) roles and responsibilities u) safe use of hand tools v) safety meetings w) transportation x) trenching and excavation 4.1.4 Unsafe and potentially dangerous conditions shall be eliminated  immediately, if possible, 
or reported to the supervisor in  charge for corrective action. 
4.1.5 The off going supervisor shall inform the incoming supervisor o f any known special 
hazards or work in progress that may affect the safety of the c rew. Incoming personnel shall 
be alerted to work in progress  that could affect their safety. 
4.2 Hazard communication 
4.2.1  A Hazard Communication Program that evaluates the presence and  potential hazards of 
chemicals found in the workplace shall be established for onsho re oil and gas production 
operations. Workers shall be provided with information concerni ng the hazard of chemicals 
and appropriate measures to protect themselves while working wi th hazardous chemicals. 
4.2.2  The program shall be written and include information about haz ard evaluation, labelling, 
material safety data sheets, emp loyee training and methods to review and update changes in 
the program based on chemical usage. 
Elements of a program include: 
a) Hazard Evaluation and invent ory of all the hazardous chemica ls in the work area shall be 
completed. An evaluation of the po tential hazard of a chemical shall be conducted before 
the hazardous chemic al is handled. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
6 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 b) Generally applicable measures i ncluding engineering controls , safe work practices and 
PPE shall be considered for safe handling and use of a hazardou s chemical. This 
information shall be communicated  to the workers, contractors a nd the general public . 
c) Labelling system shall be devel oped that warns of the potent ial hazards of working with a 
hazardous chemical. 
d) Hazardous chemicals shall identify (at minimum) the material  or substance and the physical 
and health hazards. 
e) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Chemical manufacturers are  normally responsible for 
developing MSDSs.  
f) A MSDS shall be available and readily accessible for each ha zardous chemical used in the 
workplace. A system to collect, maintain and inform workers abo ut the chemical hazard 
information found on a MSDS shall be part of the program. 
g) Personnel shall be provided wi th hazard communication training upon: 
1. Initial assignment to a work area. 
2. When a new chemical has been introduced. 3. A new physical or health haz ard has been identified or a process change has occurred that 
involves a hazardous chemical. At minimum the training shall include: 
1. Information regarding the method and observations that can be used to detect the presence 
of a release of a hazardous chemical in the work area. 2. Physical and health hazard information. 3. Measures to protect the worker from harmful exposure, includ ing, engineering control, safe 
work practices, emergency procedures, PPE use, etc. 
4. Specific details on how to recognize and understand labels i n the work area, MSDS 
interpretation, and safe procedures when working with hazardous  chemicals. Non-Routine 
Task special considerations shall be developed to handle non-ro utine work (e.g., upset or 
emergency conditions, cleaning out vessels). i) Contractors Hazard communica tion information shall be shared  with contractors and their 
employees.  
4.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 
4.3.1 General 
a) Employers shall assess their work sites to evaluate the type s of hazards present at their 
onshore oil and gas production operat ions. When it is impractical to reduce a hazard to PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS  1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  7
 acceptable levels by administrative or engineering controls, personal protective equipment 
appropriate for the hazard sha ll be selected for use. 
b) Personal protective equipment  for hearing, eyes, face, head,  extremities, protective 
clothing, respiratory protection and fall protection shall be considered for use to protect personnel. 
4.3.2 Wearing Apparel 
4.3.2.1 When identified as part of the employer’s PPE assessment, a safety hard hat shall be 
worn by each person in the work a rea. The safety hard hat shall  meet the requirements of US 
1554:2015 Personnel Protective Equi pment – Code of Practice  
4.3.2.2 Eye protection equipment appropria te for the work being done sh all be worn by 
personnel where there is a reas onable probability of injury to the eyes from flying objects, 
chemicals, or injurious light or heat that can be prevented by such equipment. This protective 
equipment shall meet the require ments of US 1554:2015 Personnel  Protective Equipment – 
Code of Practice. 
4.3.2.3 When identified as part of the employer’s PPE assessment, safet y shoes, safety 
boots, or toe guards shall be worn . Safety-toe footwear shall m eet the requirements of 
US 
614:2005 Industrial safety footwear - Specification for leather  protective and safety footwear for 
general and heavy-duty use. 
4.3.2.4 The employers PPE assessment shall include possible chemical ex posures that may 
necessitate the use of gloves, aprons, boots, or other protecti ve equipment, as appropriate. 
The assessment shall also evalu ate the need for gloves or other  protective clothing to provide 
protection from temperature extremes or sharp objects. 4.3.2.5 Appropriate clothing shall be worn at all times. 
Loose or poorly fitted clot hing shall not be worn. 
4.3.2.6 Personnel shall not work in clothing that is saturated with any  flammable, hazardous, 
or irritating substance(s).  4.3.2.7 Personnel shall not wear jewelle ry or other adornments subject to snagging or hanging 
and causing injury while in the work area. 4.3.2.8 Personnel with hair of such length as to be a hazard in work areas should keep it 
contained in a suitable manner w hile performing their duties. Hair and beard styles shall not 
interfere with the effective f unctioning of head, eye, face, or  respiratory protective equipment, 
if such equipment is required at the work site. 4.3.2.9 Personnel working over or near water where a danger of drowning  exists shall be 
provided with approved personal fl oatation devices in serviceab le condition. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
8 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 4.3.3 Hearing Protection 
4.3.3.1 Protection against the effects of  noise exposure shall be provi ded when the sound 
levels exceed those shown in T able 1. For guidance on measuring  sound levels, see the 
National Environment (Noise st andards and Control Regulations 2 009)  
4.3.3.2 When personnel are subjected to  sound levels exceeding those li sted in Table 1, 
feasible administrative or engineering controls shall be utiliz ed. If such controls fail to reduce 
sound levels within the levels of Table 1, personal protective equipment shall be provided and 
used to reduce sound levels within the levels of the table. For  guidance on hearing protection 
equipment, see US 1554: 2015 Personnel Protective Equipment – Co de of Practice.. 
4.3.3.3 Employers shall implement the el ements of a hearing conservation program as 
appropriate to protect t he hearing of personnel. 
Table 1—Maximum Permissible Noise Exposures  
Duration per day, hours Sound levels dBA slow response 
12 85 
8 90 
6 92 
4 95 
3 97 
2 100 
11/2 102 
1 105 
½ 110 
¼ or less 115 
 
a) When the daily noise exposure is composed of two or more per iods of noise exposure of 
different levels, their combined effect shall be considered rather than the individual effect of 
each. Exposure to impulsive or impact noise should not exceed 1 40 dBA peak sound pressure 
level. b) Measured on the A scale of a standard sound level meter at s low response. 
4.3.4 Respiratory Protection 
4.3.4.1 An assessment of the work area shall be done to identify the po tential hazards that 
may require respiratory protection. 
a) Employees shall wear respiratory protection appropriate for potential workplace 
atmospheric hazards. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS  1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  9
 4.3.4.2 For respiratory protection practices, including equipment selec tion, use medical 
surveillance, fit testing, sto rage, inspection, maintenance, and training. 
4.3.4.3 Tight-fitting air purifying resp irators shall be used only in a reas where sufficient oxygen 
exists. 
4.3.4.4 Approved self-contained or supp lied-air breathing equipment sha ll be used for those 
atmospheres where tests indicate toxic or hazardous gases are p resent in quantities 
immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) or oxygen conten t is less than necessary to 
sustain life. Air from the utility system shall not be used as the source for breathing air supply. 
4.3.4.5 Cartridge type respirators shall not be used for protection from hydrogen sulphide or 
sulphur dioxide. 4.3.4.6 Personnel who may be expected to use breathing equipment shall be trained in the 
use and operation of breathing equi pment available at the work site. Personnel shall be 
advised of the potential dangers of flammable, hazardous, and i nsufficient oxygen atmosphere 
while conducting Oil and Gas Pr oducing and Gas Processing Plant  Operations Involving 
Hydrogen Sulphides’. 
4.4 Fall Protection 
4.4.1 All personnel, when engaged in work 6 ft or higher above the gr ound or adjacent working 
surfaces, shall be protected at all times from falling by guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems  (PFAS). When the employer can d emonstrate that it is 
unfeasible or creates a greater h azard to use these systems, th e employer shall develop and 
implement an alternative fall protection plan that provides for  personnel safety. When PFAS 
are used, the following shall apply: 
a) Personnel shall us e a full body harness.  
b) PFAS shall be inspect ed prior to each use. 
c) The full body harness shall be attached by means of a lanyar d with double-locking snap-
hooks to an anchor or structural  member capable of supporting a  minimum dead weight of 
2450 kgs 
d) A separate lanyard shall be used by each person requiring lanyard. 
e) The lanyard shall be adjusted  to permit a maximum drop of 5ft in case of a fall. d 
f) Manufacturer’s instructions fo r inspection and replacement o f PFAS should be followed. 
4.5 Housekeeping 
4.5.1 Work areas shall be maintained clean and free of debris and tri pping hazards. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
10 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 4.5.2 Leaks or spills shall be promptly cleaned up to eliminate perso nnel slipping and Fire 
hazards. 
4.5.3 If personnel are required to work in a cellar, it shall be kept reasonably clear of water or 
oil accumulation. No loose equip ment or materials shall be in t he cellar except those in use or 
about to be used. 4.5.4 Care shall be taken to leave egress routes open. 
4.5.5 Tools and equipment shall be securely placed and stored in a po sition or manner so they 
will not fall. 4.5.6 Clear access to control devices, emergency shutdown system, eme rgency equipment, 
etc shall be maintained. 
4.6 machinery and Tools 
4.6.1 Personnel shall only operate mach inery that they are qualified to operate. 
4.6.2 All belts drive chains, gears,  and drives shall have guards installed to prevent personnel 
from coming in contac t with moving parts.  
4.6.3 Machinery shall not be operated unless all guards are in positi on and are in properly 
maintained condition. During maintenance or repair work limited  operation of the equipment 
can be done during testing by qualified personnel  without guard s in place. 
4.6.4 Maintenance personnel shall report to the supervisor prior to b eginning repairs. They 
shall  report hazards that may b e introduced. They shall report  when repairs are completed. 
4.6.5 Personnel shall not clean, lubricat e, or repair any machinery w here there is a hazard of 
contact with moving parts until such machinery has been stopped  or such parts have been 
properly guarded. See Lockout/Tag out. 
4.6.6 Hand power tools and similar equipm ent shall be maintained in a safe condition. 
4.6.7 Electric hand tools shall be double insulated or grounded.  
4.6.8 Electric or pneumatic hand tools shall be arranged so that the starting switch cannot be 
locked in. 4.6.9 When personnel are climbing ladders,  any tools or other such ma terials they are carrying 
should be secured ra ther than hand held. 
4.7 Welding and cutting equipment 
4.7.1 Apparatus such as torches, regul ators, hoses and arc welding ma chines shall be in good 
operating condition and repair . Only approved oxygen and acetyl ene cylinders shall be used. 
4.7.2 Oxygen and acetylene torches shall be equipped with flash-back arrestors. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS  1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  1 1
 4.7.3 All cylinders shall be equipped wit h a valve protection cap, a collar, or recess to protect 
the valve. Valve caps should be in place except when cylinders are connected for use. 
4.7.4 Cylinders should be stored in assig ned places and shall be secu red to prevent accidental 
overturning. 
4.7.5 Cylinders shall not be kept in unventilated enclosures, such as  lockers and cupboards. 
4.7.6 Oxygen cylinders in storage shall be separated from fuel gas cy linders or combustible 
materials a minimum distance o f 20 ft (6.1 m) or by a non combustible barrier at least 5 ft (1.5 
m) high. 4.7.7 Acetylene cylinders shall be stored valve end up with protective caps affixed and properly 
secured. When a job using acetyl ene devices is completed or pri or to transporting acetylene 
cylinders, the valve on the acetylene cylinder shall be closed and pressure on the hoses bled 
to zero. 4.7.8 When transporting cylinders by a crane or derrick, a cradle, bi n, or other suitable platform 
shall be used. Slings alone shall not be used on a cylinder being transported or lifted. Also, cylinders shall not be dropped, struck, or permitted to strike each other. 
4.7.9 On arc welding machines, the control apparatus shall be enclose d except for the 
operating wheels, levers, or handles. 4.7.10 Input power terminals, top char ge devices, and electrically energized metal parts shall 
be completely enclosed and accessible only by means of tools. 4.7.11 Terminals from welding leads s hall be protected from accidental  contact by personnel 
or metal objects. 4.7.12 The frame or case of an electric ally driven arc welding machine  shall be grounded. 
4.7.13 Cables with splices within 10 ft (3.1 m) of the rod holder shal l not be used. The welder 
shall not coil or loop welding electrode cables around parts of his body. 
4.8 Contractor Safety and Training 
4.8.1  When selecting contractors, operators shall obtain and evaluate information regarding a 
contractor’s safety policies and practices, and performance the re under, and the contractor’s 
procedures for selecting subcontractors.  
4.8.2  Contractors shall train their personnel in the work practices necessary to perform their 
jobs in a safe manner.  4.8.3  The training provided to contract personnel shall include applicable site specific safety 
procedures and rules pertaining to the facility and the applica ble provisions of emergency PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
12 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 action plans. This section applies to contractors performing operating duties, maintenance or 
repair, turnaround, major renovation, or specialty work at the facility.  4.8.4  Except for transportation safety orientation, emergency evacuation training, and other 
applicable safety training, this paragraph does not apply to co ntractors providing incidental 
services that do not influence op eration of the facility, such as, janitorial work, food and drink 
services, laundry, delivery, other supply services, etc. 4.8.5  The operator shall verify contract or training utilizing a vari ety of methods, which may 
include audits of the contractor ’s safety training programs; wo rksite checks of individual 
contractor employees training ; and operator observation of cont ractor work performance. 
4.8.6  A  m a j o r  s t e p  i n  a c h i e v i n g  a c c eptable contractor performance is  selecting a safe 
contractor. Therefore, it is appropriate for operators to request that contractors submit specific 
performance information in their contract response proposals. 
Such information shall include but not be limited to: 
a) Assurance of a contractors written safety policies and pract ices endorsed by the 
contractor’s top management. 
b) A statement of commitment by the contractor to comply with a ll applicable safety 
regulations and provis ions of this standard. 
c) Recordable injury and illness ex perience for the previous 3 years. 
d) Experience Modification Rate s (EMR) for Worker’s Compensatio n Insurance for the 
previous three years. 
e) An outline of the contractor’s initial employee safety orientation. f) Evidence of the existence of a  disciplinary action procedure  dealing with safety and 
environmental related infractions. 
g) Descriptions of the contract ors various safety programs, inc luding: accident 
investigation procedures; how safety inspections are performed; safety meetings; safety incentive programs; substanc e abuse prevention programs. 
h) Description of the safety and environmental training that ea ch contractor employee has 
received and the contractor’s pro grams for refresher training. 
5 Safe Work Practices 5.1 Load Lifting 
5.1.1  The manufacturers rated load capacity shall not be exceeded on cranes or other load 
lifting devices. This equipment should be operated and maintain ed in accordance with PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS  1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  1 3
 manufacturers recommendations. Tag lines should be used to guide and steady all loads being 
lifted. 
5.2 Confined space, excavations, and hazardous environments 
5.2.1 Where hydrogen sulphide, sulphur  dioxide, carbon dioxide or oth er hazardous 
atmosphere is known or suspected to exist, the operator shall ensure that personnel, 
contractor, and service company supervisors are advised of the potential hazards. 
5.2.2 A confined space is an area which: 
a) Has adequate size and confi guration for people to enter. 
b) Has limited means  of entry or exit. 
c) Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. 
5.2.3 Examples of confined spaces that can be found at onshore produc ing facilities are: 
a) Well cellars b) Electrical vaults c) Fin fan coolers d) Tanks e) Vessels f) Some diked areas g) Valve pits 
5.2.4 Confined space hazards shall be identified for all facilities i n the workplace and safe work 
practices should be established  for working in the confined spa ces. 
5.2.5 A confined space entry permit shall be used to enter any confined space that has 
atmospheric, engulfment or confi guration hazards. Attendant and  emergency rescue services 
shall be provided for all pe rmit required confined spaces. 
5.2.6 When preparing the confined space for entry, precautions must b e in place to ensure the 
space remains safe. This may include forced air ventilation, equipment isolation or other 
measures. For equipment isolation, consideration should be give n to blinding, double block 
and bleed, or other equipment and energy isolation controls. 
5.2.7 Trenching and Excavations 
When operations require excavat ing and preparing trenches, pers ons shall be knowledgeable 
regarding the hazards and precaut ions necessary for preparing a nd working in trenches. 
5.2.7.1. Underground Hazards PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
14 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 When preparing an excavation, cons ider the hazards of undergrou nd installations. These 
include electrical equipment, oil and gas transmission, sewers,  water lines, telephone lines and 
other utilities. 
5.2.7.2.  Toxic Gas and Low Oxygen Hazards Any trench 4 ft or greater in depth is usually 
considered a confined space. Ent ry into these spaces shall be controlled by special safety 
procedures where oxygen deficient  or toxic gas hazards can reas onably be expected, such as 
near landfills or near where hazardous materials are used or st ored. There is concern that 
heavy gases can collect inside a trench. 5.2.7.3.  Vehicle Traffic and Falling Loads Vehicles on nearby roadways and construction 
equipment can present hazards at an excavated site. Ensure that  barricades and warnings are 
in place. Construction equipment shall not lift material over people in t he trench or excavation. 
The soil from the trench is als o a hazard to personnel inside the trench, for this reason it must 
be piled at least 2 ft fro m the edge of the trench. 
5.2.7.4.  Stability of Nearby Structures  
Before beginning an excavation consideration shall be given to nearby buildings, light poles or other structures in the area. A dditional support, installed by professionals, may be needed. 
5.2.7.5.  Escape means from trenches a stairway; ladder or ramp shall be located in any trench 
that is at least 4 ft (1.2m) deep. The escape means shall be placed so that a person is never more that 25 ft away from an escape means. 
5.2.7.6. Inspections  
A qualified person shall inspect the trench at least daily and more frequently if needed, such 
as after a rainstorm or o ther hazardous occurrence. 
5.2.7.7.  Prevention of Cave-Ins  
Any trench 5 ft or deeper, that i s not in entirely stable rock,  must be sloped or shored in 
accordance with recognized engineering practices. 
5.3 Lockout/Tag out 
5.3.1 A lockout/tag out program shall be established to control hazardous energy as follows: 
a) Locks and/or tags should be placed to plainly identify the e quipment or circuits being 
worked on. systems locked or tagged should include the identity or job title of person 
installing the lock or tag. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS  1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  1 5
 b) Personnel shall be trained and disciplined in the use of thi s system to prevent 
unexpected operation of any equi pment that stores any type of e nergy that might inflict 
injury to personnel. 
c) The lock or tag shall be removed by the person who installed  it. In the event the 
individual is not available, the lock or tag may be removed by the supervisor after 
ensuring that no hazard will be created by energizing the locke d or tagged equipment 
or circuit(s). 
5.3.2 Well Pumping Units 
5.3.2.1 Power to the pumping unit shall be de-energized and locked or t agged out to eliminate 
potential hazards during well servicing operations. In confined  locations, overhead electric 
power to the pumping unit cont rol panel should be de-energized.  Where necessary, power 
service should be de-energized while moving the rig in or out a nd during rig-up and rig-down 
operations. See Lockout/Tagout. 
5.3.2.2 During well servicing operations , the pumping unit shall be secured to prevent 
unintended movement. Use of the b rake only or the brake and bra ke pawl are not acceptable 
means of securing the pump unit  5.3.2.3 Chain or wire rope sling of sui table strength should be used to  handle the horse head 
if removal or installation operations are necessary. On install ation, the horse head should be 
bolted or latched in accordance with the manufacturer Õs specif ications. 
5.3.2.4 Upon completion of well servici ng operations and before energiz ing the power source, 
precautions shall be taken to e nsure that all personnel and equ ipment are clear of the weight 
and beam movement. 5.3.2.5 Brake systems on all pumping units in service shall be maintain ed in safe working 
order. 5.3.2.6 After well servicing operations  are completed all pumping unit guards and enclosure 
guards (belt and motor sheaves) s hould be reinstalled prior to start-up. Guards need not be in 
place until all Final adjustment s (pump, spacing, etc.) are mad e, so long as the safety of 
personnel is not compromised. 
5.4 Hot work, Welding, and flame cutting operations 
5.4.1 General 
5.4.1.1 A written safe work permit (hot  work permit) system covering welding and flame cutting 
operations shall be observed. See Occupational Health and Safet y regulations 2006. In PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
16 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 general, a safe work pe rmit system shall cons ist of authorization to do the work along with the 
following: 
a) Simultaneous operations. b) Air/gas testing. c) Equipment isolation. d) Equipment preparation. e) Identification of hazards. f) Emergency procedures. g) b. Work-in-Progress Stage: h) Posting of permit. i) Air/gas testing. j) Personal protective equipment requirements. k) Fire watch. l) Special procedures/precautions. 5.4.1.2 The supervisor shall hold a pre- job meeting with the crew and other involved persons 
to review responsibilities for  the operation to be performed. 
5.4.1.3 Welding and flame cutting operations shall not be permitted clo se to flammable liquids, 
accumulations of crude oil, escaping gas, or locations where sparks, flames, heat, or hot slag 
could be sources of ignition. 
5.4.1.4 Only qualified persons shall perform welding or flame cutting o perations on equipment 
used to contain hydrocarbons or hazardous materials. 5.4.1.5 Appropriate personal protectiv e equipment shall be utilized for  hot work operations. 
5.4.2 Welding and Flame Cutting Operations 
5.4.2.1 If the object to be cut or welded cannot readily be moved, all movable Fire hazards in 
the vicinity shall be taken to a safe place. 
5.4.2.2 If the object to be welded or cut cannot be moved, and if all the Fire hazards cannot be 
removed, guards shall be used to confine the heat, sparks, and slag and to protect the 
immovable Fire hazards. 5.4.2.3 A safe welding area may be designated. In this area, welding an d flame cutting 
operations can be conducted with minimal concern of providing an ignition source for flammable hydrocarbons or combusti ble materials. A safety work permit is not normally 
required for welding operations  in an approved safe welding are a. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS  1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  1 7
 5.4.2.4 Properly maintained fire extinguishing equipment shall be avail able for immediate use. 
A minimum of at least one 30-lb dry chemical Fire extinguisher shall be immediately available 
during welding or cutting operat ions. This equipment is in addition to the general Fire protection 
equipment. 
5.4.2.5 Fire watches with extinguishi ng equipment shall be required whe never welding or 
cutting is performed in locati ons other than designated safe we lding areas. 
5.4.2.6 A Fire watch shall be maintained for at least one half hour aft er completion of welding 
or cutting operations. 5.4.2.7 Before cutting or welding is permitted in areas outside a designated safe welding area, 
the area shall be inspected by t he individual responsible for a uthorizing cutting or welding 
operations. This individual shal l designate the precautions to be followed in granting 
authorization to proceed. 5.4.2.8 Cutting or welding shall not be permitted in the following situ ations: 
a) In areas not authoriz ed by the supervisor. 
b) In the presence of an explosive atmosphere. 
c) In areas near storage of lar ge quantities of exposed readily -ignitable materials. 
d) Where ignition can be caused by heat conduction, such as on metal walls or pipes in contact 
with combustibles on the other side. 
e) On used containers such as drums unless properly cleaned. 
5.4.2.9 Welding Fum es and Ventilation 
5.4.2.9.1 Toxicity depends on the compositi on and concentration of the fu mes. The 
composition and quantity of fumes  depends on the materials bein g welded, the composition of 
the welding rods, any coatings  or paints encountered in the wel ding operations, the process 
used, and the circumstances of use. Toxic fumes can be generated from welding on metals 
coated with or containing alloys of lead, zinc, cadmium, beryllium, and certain other metals. 
Some paints and cleaning compounds may also produce toxic fumes when heated. The potential health effects range in type and severity, depending on these factors; and some 
effects can be extremely serious. 5.4.2.9.2 For more information on the toxicity and health hazards of weld ing fumes and the 
appropriate protective measures, consult the following referenc es: Occupational Health and 
Safety Regulations 2006.  5.4.2.9.3 Mechanical ventilation at the minimum rate of 2,000 ft
3/min (0.944 m3/s) per welder 
shall be provided when welding: PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
18 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 a) In confined spaces or where th e welding space contains parti tions, balconies, or other 
structural barriers to the ext ent that they significantly obstr uct cross ventilation. 
b) Where the nature of the weldin g, cutting, or brazing work is such that the release of toxic 
fumes or gases is possible. 
c) This includes work on stainl ess steel, zinc, lead, and degreasing or cleaning compounds 
containing hydrocarbons. 
5.4.2.9.4 Adherence to confined space entry procedures shall be followed prior to any re-
entries. For example, releases from acetylene cutting equipment  could change the atmosphere 
within the confined space. 
5.5 Work in proximity to ex posed energized power sources 
5.5.1 Neither equipment nor machines on rigs (includes guy lines) shall be operated closer to 
power lines than the recommended minimum clearances shown in Ta ble 2, except when such 
lines have been de-energized and visibly grounded or when barri ers are present to prevent 
physical contact with the lines. 
5.5.2 An individual shall be designated to observe equipment clearanc e as defined in Table 2. 
The operator should notify the obs erver if he is having any dif ficulty in determining the 
clearance. The observer shall sou nd a warning at any time the c learance is not maintained. 
5.5.3 When cage-type boom guards, insulating guy lines, insulating links, or proximity warning 
devices on rigs or guy lines are used, the recommendations of T able 2 are applicable. 
5.5.4 Overhead wires shall be considered energized (live) unless eith er the electrical system 
owner reports them to be non-energ ized, or a qualified electric al person tests and finds them 
to be non-energized. 
Table 2—Recommended minimum clearances between power lines and derricks, masts, 
or guy lines: 
Equipment Line Voltage, Volts Minimum Clearance 
Operating All 10 ft plus 4 in. For each additional 10 kV 
over 50 kV 
In transit (lowered mast) less than or equal to 50 kV 4 ft 
 
 greater than 50 kV 4 ft plus 4 in. for every additional 10 kV 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS  1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  1 9
 6 Design 
6.1 Emergency eye or body wash stations 
Where the eyes or body of personnel may be exposed to injurious  materials, eyewash and 
shower equipment for emergen cy use shall be provided.  
6.2 Critical equipment 
Critical equipment is defined as equipment and other systems de termined to be essential in 
preventing the occurrence of, or mitigating the consequences of  an uncontrolled event. 
Such equipment shall include pressure vessels, pressure relief devices, compressors, alarms, 
interlocks, and emergency shutdown systems. 
6.2.1 Critical equipment shall be periodically inspected and tested a s recommended by the 
manufacturer or in accordance wit h recognized engineering pract ices. 
6.2.2 When using non-destructive testi ng (NDT) methods, qualified per sons shall conduct the 
tests in accordance with recognized methodology and acceptance criteria.  
6.2.3 Other types of inspection should be conducted by qualified pers ons. 
6.2.4 When critical equipment is remo ved from service, a program shal l be in place to ensure 
equivalent protection is provided. 
6.3 Changes to critical equipment 
Procedures to manage changes (except  for Replacements in kind) to critical equipment shall 
be implemented, as appropriate. These procedures should address  the following prior to 
making the change: 
a) The basis for the proposed change. 
b) Impact of change on safety and health. 
c) Modifications to operating procedures. 
d) Authorization requirem ents for the proposed change. 
Employees whose job tasks will be affected by the change in the  critical equipment shall be 
informed of the change prior to start-up. 
6.4 Fire prevention 
6.4.1 Safe storage and location of combustible and flammable materials and the prevention of 
accumulation of rubbish are im portant to fire prevention. 
6.4.2 Smoking shall be prohibited at o r in the vicinity of operations  that constitute a fire hazard. 
Such locations should be conspicuously posted with a sign, NO SMOKING OR OPEN FLAME  
or equivalent. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
20 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 6.4.3 Smoking shall be permitted only in areas designated for smoking . 
6.4.4 Change rooms and other buildings where smoking is permitted sha ll be located in areas 
designated safe for smoking. 
6.4.5 No source of ignition should be permitted in an area where smok ing has been prohibited, 
unless it is first determined safe to do so by the supervisor i n charge or his designated 
representative. 6.4.6 Potential sources of ignition shall be permitted only in design ated areas located at a safe 
distance from the wellhead or flammable liquid storage areas. 6.4.7 Equipment, cellars, ground areas  around and adjacent to the fac ility shall be kept free 
from oil and gas accumulations tha t might create or aggravate f ire hazards. 
6.4.8 Combustible materials such as oily rags and waste shall be stor ed in covered metal 
containers and the covers kept in place. 6.4.9 Natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas shall not be used to ope rate spray guns or 
pneumatic tools. 6.4.10 Material used for cleaning shall have a flash point of not less  than 100¡F. 
6.5 Fire protection 
6.5.1 Fire fighting equipment shall not be tampered with and shall not be removed for other 
than fire protection, Fire fighting purposes, and services. A f ire fighting water system may be 
used for wash down and other utility purposes so long as its fi re fighting capability is not 
compromised. 6.5.2 Fire extinguishers and other fir e fighting equipment shall be s uitably located, readily 
accessible, and plainly labell ed as to their type and method of  operation. 
6.5.3 Fire suppression equipment (extinguishers, fixed systems, etc.)  shall be periodically 
inspected and maintained in operating condition at all times. A  record of the most recent 
equipment inspection should be maintained. 6.5.4 Portable fire extinguishers shall be tagged with a durable tag showing the date of the last 
inspection, maintenance, or rec harge or accomplished using othe r acceptable recordkeeping 
media. Inspection and maintenanc e procedures should comply with  NFPA 10. 
6.5.5 Personnel should be familiar with the location of fire control and selected personnel 
trained in the use of such equipment. Fire fighting equipment s hall be accessible and free of 
obstructions. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS  1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  2 1
 6.6 Grounding and bonding 
Production facilities are subject to various forms of electrica l hazards that shall be protected 
against. Static electricity can be generated by fluid movement in vessels, piping and tankage. 
Results in static sparks being generated which can be an igniti on source. Lightning strikes to 
a facility are also an ignition source. Electrical equipment fa ilure can occur exposing personnel 
to shock hazards.  
7.7 Flammable liquids 
7.7.1 Containers 
7.7.1.1 Hand portable containers for storing flammable liquids shall be  Underwriters 
Laboratories (UL) list ed or Factory Mutual (FM) approved, or equivalent. 
7.7.1.2 Tanks, drums, and other container s containing flammable liquids  shall be properly 
labelled to denote their content s and shall be properly stored when not in use. 
7.7.1.3 Metal or other conductive material containers shall be used in handling, storing, or 
transporting flammable liquids. The handling of flammable liqui ds in plastic containers is 
potentially dangerous due to static charge build up. 
Metal parts on any plastic containers used in such service shal l be bonded to the fill connection. 
If plastic containers are used, the conductive fill connection or a grounded rod should be inserted prior to filling the c ontainer with any flammable liqu id.  
7.7.2 Fuel and Oil Transfers and Refuelling 
7.7.2.1 Hydrocarbon-fuelled engi nes shall be shut down during refuelling operations. 
7.7.2.2 Fuel tanks should be monitored while they are being filled to p revent over fill and 
spillage. 
7.7.2.3 During refuelling operations, th e filling nozzle shall be kept in contact with the intake 
pipe to ensure bonding and prevent fuel spillage. 
7.7.3 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Compressed Gas 
7.7.3.1 Handling, connecting, and transfe r operations inv olving liquefi ed petroleum gas (LPG) 
shall conform to Liquefied Petr oleum Gas Part 4; Product Specif ications. 
7.7.3.2 Ignition Source Control. Igniti on source controls shall be esta blished in any area where 
flammable or oxidizing compress ed gases are stored or used. 
7.7.3.3 Protective Caps. Where compressed gas cylinders are designed to  accept valve 
protective caps, the user should keep such caps on compressed g as cylinders at all times 
except when being filled  or connected for use. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
22 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 7.7.3.4 Where gas-tight valve outlet caps or plugs are provided, the us er shall keep such 
devices on the valve outlet at all times except when compressed  gas cylinders are being filled 
or connected for use. 
7.7.3.5 Compressed or liquefied gas cyli nders in use or in storage shall be secured to prevent 
them from falling or  being knocked over. 
7.7.3.6 Compressed gas cylinders should be transported, stored and used  in an upright 
position. 7.7.3.7 Compressed gas cylinders exposed to fire shall not be used unti l they are re-qualified 
in accordance with the pressure vessel code under which they we re manufactured. 
7.7.3.8 Containers that show denting, bul ging, gouging, or excessive co rrosion should be 
removed from service. 7.7.3.9 Repair or alteration of containers shall comply with the regulations, rules, or code under 
which the container was fabricated. 7.7.3.10 Compressed gas cylinders shall be marked or labelled in accorda nce with CGA C-7 
Guide to the Preparation of Precautionary Labelling and Marking  of Compressed Gas 
Containers. Such markings or labels should not be removed. 
7.7.3.11 Compressed gas cylinders shall no t be placed where they could b ecome a part of an 
electrical circuit. 
7.7.3.12 Compressed gas cylinders should not  be exposed to temperatures exceeding 125¡F. 
Cylinders shall not be subjected to direct heating to increase vapour pressure. 
7.7.3.13 Stoves and heaters used with LPG fuel should only be used in we ll-ventilated areas. 
Personnel should ensure proper vent ilation exists before lighting the heater/ stove. All hoses 
and connections on LPG stove or  heater systems should be checked frequently to ensure they 
do not leak. 
7.7.3.13.1 Only qualified personnel shall be allowed to fill LPG bottles. Protective gloves should 
be worn when refilling or replacing LPG bottles. There is a pos sibility of freeze burns if propane 
comes in contact with skin. 
7.7.4 Storage 
7.7.4.1 Flammable liquids storage areas within any building or shed sha ll: 
a) Be adequately vented. b) Have unobstructed exit(s) leading from the building. 
c) Be maintained with due regard to fire potential with respect  to housekeeping and materials 
storage. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS  1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  2 3
 d) Be identified as a hazard and have appropriate warning signs  posted. 
e) Have a Class BC fire extinguisher readily available. 
f) Be properly classified for electrical installations.. 
7.7.4.2 Paint and solvents shall be stored in an adequately vented area  safely away from heat 
and ignition sources. 7.7.4.3 Flammable liquids shall not be st ored within 50 ft (15.2 m) of the wellbore, except for 
fuel in the tanks of operating equipment. Where terrain and loc ation configuration do not permit 
maintaining this distance, equivalent safety measures should be  taken. 
7.8 Equipment 
7.8.1 Generators, Motors, and Lighting 
7.8.1.1 All electrical conductors and s witch gear shall be sized in acc ordance with NFPA 70. 
7.8.1.2 All generators should have an over load safety device that will provide protection from 
shorting and burnout. 7.8.1.3 When adequate fixed illumination cannot be made avai lable, temporary portable lights 
approved for the electrical class ification shall be provided. W here possible, floodlights in use 
should be placed in positions so as not to impair vision of per sons in the work area. Operations 
should not be performed using vehi cle headlights as a substitut e for lighting. 
7.8.1.4 All electrical extension cords shall be properly insulated and plugs and receptacles 
shall be in good condition. 7.8.1.5 Light fixtures should be placed and maintained to provide illum ination for work areas. 
7.8.1.6 Repairs to electrical equipment  shall not be performed unless the power source has 
been isolated and the control has been locked out/tagged out, a nd the person making the 
repairs is authorized to do so. 7.8.1.7 Electric motors, generators, and control panels shall be ground ed. 
7.8.2 Electrical Systems 
7.8.2.1 Electrical Systems Equipment 
7.8.2.1.1 Electrical equipment used in hazardous locations shall be desig ned for such 
locations, and listed or approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. All wiring 
components and electrical equipm ent should be maintained in accordance with the 
manufacturer’s recommendation. 7.8.2.1.2 Wiring shall be replaced or properly repaired and sealed as nec essary when 
insulation damage is detected. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
24 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 Because of fire and other hazar ds, makeshift wiring components and installations should not 
be used. 
7.8.3 Classification of Areas 
7.8.3.1 Classification of areas shall be in accordance with relevant Ug anda Standard. 
7.8.4 Tanks, Separators and Heater Treaters 
7.8.4.1 Tanks, separators and heater treat ers should be installed and m aintained in 
accordance with accept ed engineering practice s or manufacturer’ s recommendations.  
7.8.4.2 Walking directly on the ro of of a tank is discouraged. 
However, if personnel are required to access the roof of a tank , roof integrity shall be checked 
and appropriate walking surfaces, guardrails or fall protection shall be provided. 
7.8.5 Vapor Recovery Systems (sy stems designed to minimize vapor releases to the environment) 
7.8.5.1 This section describes the safety guidelines for vapor recovery  systems, especially 
thermal combustion systems and carbon absorption systems.. 
7.8.5.2 Vapour recovery systems shall be c onsidered potential sources o f ignition; facility 
design shall consider system location with respect to potential  sources of hydrocarbon 
vapours. 
7.8.5.3 Procedures shall be developed for switching carbon beds and cha nging out the 
activated carbon in the absorbers. 7.8.5.4 Devices shall be installed to prevent a flame from propagating from the vapour recovery 
unit into the production equipment.  
8 Training 
8.1 All personnel should be trained to work safely in accordance wi th their duties and 
responsibilities. Personnel should understand the safety and he alth hazards associated with 
the chemicals and proce sses they work with.  
8.2 Contractor personnel performing operating duties, maintenance or repair, turnaround, 
major renovation or specialty wo rk should be knowledgeable of s ite-specific safety procedures 
and rules pertaining to the facility and the applicable provisi ons of emergency action plans.  
8.3 Persons assigned to operate the facility or maintain the integ rity of the equipment shall 
possess the required knowledge and skills to carry out their du ties and responsibilities and 
shall be evaluated periodically to determine if the necessary s kills and knowledge are 
adequate.  PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS  1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  2 5
 8.4 Any major change that requires modification of existing operat ing practices may require 
additional training before personnel  are expected to operate or  maintain the facility. 
9 Procedures 
9.1 Well Start-up 
9.1.1 Introducing a new or worked-over well to a separation process, pipeline or storage facility 
may create additional haz ards to the operation.  
9.1.1.1  The properties of the well shall be reviewed to determine the extent of the hazards. 
Depending upon the risks of the haz ards the following elements should be considered. 
9.1.2 Design Review 
9.1.2.1 A design review shall be performed to verify that the facility’ s equipment can safely 
process the well stream. 
9.1.2.2 The design information shall include, as appropriate, a simplif ied process flow diagram 
and acceptable upper and lower lim its, where applicable, for it ems such as temperature, 
pressure, flow and hydrocarbon composition. 9.1.2.2.1  Where process flow diagrams no longer exist, similar informati on may be developed 
in conjunction with a haz ards analysis in sufficient detail to support the analysis. 
9.1.3 Pressure Relief 
Pressure relief systems shall be properly sized, installed, maintained and operated to minimize overpressure.  
9.1.4 Start-up Procedures 
9.1.4.1 Oil and gas wells have varying characteristics as follows: 
a) Shallow vs deep b) Low vs high pressure c) Sweet vs sour 9.1.4.1.1  Start-up procedures shall be tail ored to the particular well c haracteristics. Well start-
ups are classified as initial start-up, normal or routine start -ups, and start-up after an extended 
shutdown. 
9.1.4.2 Pre Start-up Safety Review 
Prior to start-up of a new facil ity, or after modification of a n existing facility, certain activities 
shall be conducted to prepare the facility for safe operations. The following areas should be 
considered: PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
26 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 a) Construction has been completed according to design requirements. 
b) Piping and valves are properly installed. 
c) All safety and control devic es are set and operate properly.  
d) Applicable safety and contro l devices are functioning proper ly. 
e) Eliminate potential ignition sources. 
f) Pre-job safety meeting. 
9.1.4.3 Initial Start-up 
9.1.4.3.1  The following procedures shall be considered: 
a) Pressure test from well to choke at maximum wellhead pressur e. 
b) Pressure test from choke to production equipment, including flow lines, at expected line 
pressure. 
c) Pressure relief systems are operable. d) Valves are set correctly. e) Purge air from the well and associated equipment using hydro carbons or other acceptable 
means. 
f) Monitor flow and bring well online. 
g) Pre-job safety meeting. 
9.1.4.4 Normal or Routine Start-up 
The following procedures shall be considered: a) Pressure relief systems are operable. b) Valves are set correctly. c) Monitor flow and bring well online. 
d) Pre-job safety meeting. 
9.1.4.5 Start-up After Extended Shutdown 
9.1.4.5.1  After an extended shutdown, an equipment assessment shall be c onducted prior to 
well start-up.  9.1.4.5.2  This assessment shall include inspections for corrosion, missing or modified 
equipment, and overall int egrity of the facility.  
9.1.4.5.3  After the assessment is comple ted, and repairs and corrections  are made, well start-
up shall follow initial start- up procedures or normal start-up procedures, as applicable. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS  1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  2 7
 9.1.5 Training of Employee and Contractor Personnel 
Personnel conducting well start-up operations shall be properly  trained, qualified, and familiar 
with well start-up procedures  for the specific facility. 
10 Maintenance 
10.1 The maintenance supervisor shall hold a pre-job meeting with his crew, and others if 
applicable, to review responsibil ities for the operation(s) to be performed. 
10.2 Tank cleaning 
Tank cleaning shall be completed following, guidance, safe prac tices and additional 
information covering specific aspects of tank entry and cleaning, including a comprehensive 
tank cleaning checklist. 
10.3 Drilling and well servicing 
Drilling and well servicing shall be performed in accordance wi th US ISO 14693:2015 
11 Incident Investigation 
11.1 All incidents with the potential for serious safety consequenc es shall be investigated to 
determine causal factors and steps  taken to prevent a recurrenc e.  
11.2 The results of the investigation should be communicated to aff ected personnel including 
contractors as appropriate. 
12 Emergency Response 
12.1 Written action plans shall be established for production facili ties to assign authority to the 
appropriate qualified person(s) for initiati ng effective emerge ncy response and control. 
These plans shall also address emergency reporting and response requirements. 
12.1.1 Every occupational injury or illn ess shall be immediately repor ted to the supervisor. The 
supervisor shall arrange for any  necessary medical or first aid  treatment. 
12.1.2 A report shall be prepared as soon as practical, to record info r m a t i o n  ( o r  t h e  
circumstances) surrounding the injury or illness. Additional re ports to regulatory agencies and 
others may be required. 
12.2 Medical services 
12.2.1 Telephone numbers, location, and ot her relevant information pertaining to availability of 
medical personnel, transportation, and medical facilities shall be available. 
12.2.2 Provisions shall be m ade for medical attent ion in case of injur y. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
28 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 12.3 First Aid 
12.3.1 An individual trained in first aid and Cardiopulmonary resuscit ation (CPR) techniques 
shall be available to render aid . This individual shall be trai ned using approved courses or 
equivalent training. 
12.3.2 A first aid kit shall be available at the worksite shall contai n appropriate materials for the 
potential injuries, and shall be inspected at frequent intervals, replenished as necessary, and 
be immediately available at all times. 
13 Special Operations 
13.1 Well Testing 
13.1.1  A cleanup tank shall be used instea d of a work over pit during well testing. Testing of 
casing relief valves using fluids other than fresh water shall have the relief piped to a catch 
tank.  
13.1.2  When pressure testing surface equipment, use a 50/50 mixture o f glycol and 2% 
potassium chloride (KCl) water o r equivalent to prevent ice for mation.  
13.1.3  During well testing, the equipment shall be pressure tested to maximum expected 
formation pressure. The following equipment shall be included d uring the pressure testing: 
a) Test tree and casing for 10 minutes and record. b)  Secure and pressure test lines upstream of choke prior to f low back. 
c) Test lubricator. d) Test surface lines. 
13.2 Pumping and hot oil operations (flow lines) 
13.2.1 All trucks and tanks shall be located a minimum of 100 ft (30.5  m) upwind from the 
wellhead, or equivalent safety measures shall be taken where te rrain, location, or other 
conditions do not permit. At lo cations where this recommendatio n may be impractical, 
appropriate safety measur es should be implemented. 
13.2.2 All lines connected from the pumping equipment to the Christmas  tree or wellhead shall 
have a check valve installed as close to the well as practicable. In addition, when a multi-pump manifold is used, a check valve shall be placed in each dischar ge line as close to the manifold 
as possible. 13.2.3 When used, recording equipment sha ll be located a safe distance  from the wellhead 
and discharge line. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS  1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  2 9
 13.2.4  When pumping flammable fluids, all blending equipment used sha ll be grounded and 
all equipment unloading sand into the hopper should be bonded t o the blending equipment. 
13.2.5  When pumping flammable fluids, all charged suction hoses shall  be covered with hose 
covers to deflect fluids in case of rupture. 
13.2.5  Lines containing flammable fl uids shall not be placed under an y vehicle. 
13.2.6  A pre-treatment pressure test on the pump and discharge lines shall be made at a 
pressure no less than the maximum expected treating pressure specified by the operator, but not to exceed the rated working pressure of the equipment with the lowest rated working 
pressure. 13.2.7  Personnel not directly involved in the operations shall remain  beyond a designated 
minimum distance during all pr essure testing and pumping operations. 
13.2.8  The supervisor or the person he designates shall check to see that all valves in 
discharge lines are open prior to pumping. 13.2.9  Pump operators shall remain at the controls while the pump is in operation, unless 
relieved as directed by the special services supervisor. Pump o perators shall remain alert for 
communications from the spec ial services supervisor. 
13.3 Pigging operations 
13.3.1 Procedures shall be developed for launching and receiving pigs,  scrapers, swabs, and 
internal inspection pigs (smart pigs). These procedures shall a ddress the following elements: 
a) Description of the process fluids and vapours, personnel haz ards, and PPE. 
b) Selecting and verifying t he proper pig is available. 
c) Preparing the pig launcher/rec eiver, including isolation, de -pressuring, and setting pig 
indicators. 
d) Verifying that the vess el is not pressurized. 
e) CAUTION:  Gauges alone may not insure that  the vessel is fully depressuri zed. Intentionally 
opening a pig launcher/receiver under pressure using any style of opener is prohibited. 
f) Opening the pig launcher/receiver g) CAUTION:  Ensure all personnel are positio ned at the side of the pig laun cher/receiver. Do 
not stand in front of the pig launcher/receiver closure when the closure is being opened. 
h) Inserting and removing pigs, including isolation of ignition  sources, containment of liquid 
wastes and exposure to toxic compounds. 
i) Inspecting and repairing as necessary pig launcher/receiver closures, valves, pressure 
gauges, pig indicators, and other ancillary components each tim e the closure is opened. PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1575: 2015 
30 © UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved
 j) Closure of the pig launcher/receiver and returning it to service. 
k) A procedure to take in event t he pig is stuck or any of the valves do not operate properly. 
13.3.2 Only qualified persons  in pig launching/rec eiving should perfor m pigging operations. 
13.3.3 A pre-job safety review shall be preformed prior to all pig launching/receiving operations. 
Pig launchers/receivers shall be depressurized whenever left is olated from the pipeline. 
13.3.4 Fire extinguishing equipment shall be positioned near the pig l auncher/receiver when 
pigging operations a re being performed. 
13.4 Hot tapping on equipment in service 
13.4.1 Hot tapping operations should be conducted with Welding or Hot Tapping on Equipment 
in Service. 13.4.2 Hot tapping operations shall be under the direct supervision of  a qualified person. 
The rated working pressure of all equipment used in hot tapping operations should be equal to or greater than the rated worki ng pressure of the equipment to which it is being attached. 
13.4.3 After necessary equipment has been rigged up to perform hot tapping operations, it 
should be pressure tested for a minimum of three minutes to a l evel not exceeding the rated 
working pressure of either the equipment being tapped or the ta pping equipment and not to 
exceed 1.5 times the expected ma ximum pressure. The possibility  of carrier or untapped pipe 
collapse from external pressure  may dictate a reduction in test  pressure. 
13.4.4 During the hot tapping operation, p ressure inside the lubricato r should not exceed the 
pressure inside the equipment penetrated. 13.4.5 Hot taps or other hot works are not permitted on the roof of a tank or within the gas 
vapour space of the tank. 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1551: 2013 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  3 1
 Certification marking 
Products that conform to Uganda s tandards may be marked with Ug anda National Bureau of Standards 
(UNBS) Certification Mark shown in the figure below.  
The use of the UNBS Certification Mark is governed by the Stand ards Act, and the Regulations made 
thereunder. This mark can be used only by those licensed under the certification mark scheme operated 
by the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and in conjunction w ith the relevant Uganda Standard. The 
presence of this mark on a product or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods comply with 
the requirements of that standard under a system of supervision , control and testing in accordance with 
the certification mark scheme of the Uganda National Bureau of Standards. UNBS ma rked products are 
continually checked by UNBS for conformity to that standard.  
Further particulars of the terms and conditions of licensing ma y be obtained from the Director, Uganda 
National Bureau of Standards.  
 
 
PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS 1551: 2013 
 
ICS nn.nnn.nn 
Price based on nn pages 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved