ﺎﻳﻴﺲـــــــــﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘــــــــﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﻤـــــــــﻹﻣﺔ ﺍـــــــﻴﺌـﻫ 
Emirates Authority for Standa rdization & Metrology (ESMA)  
 
  
UAE Draft Standard (DS) 
UAE.S DS 5023:2017  
 
 
 ﺍﻟﺣﻳﻭﻱﺍﻟﺩﻳﺯﻝ ﻭﻗﻭﺩ B100)  ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻁﻠﺑﺎﺕ - ﺍﻟﺩﻳﺯﻝﻟﻠﺧﻠﻁ ﻣﻊ  ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ 
ﺍﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎﺭﻭﻁﺭﻕ  
Biodiesel Fuels (B100) used for Diesel Oil blending - Requirements 
and Test Methods 
 
 
Prepared By 
National Technical Committee for Oil & GAS 
 
ICS: 75. 160.20 
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 
ﻢ ﺗ ﺇﻣﺎﺭﺍﺗﻴﺔﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ  ﻟﻤﻮﺍﺻﻔﺔﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ 
ﻈﺎﺕ ﺑﺸﺄﻧﻬﺎ، ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻹﺑﺪﺍء ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻼ 
ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ، ﻭﻻ ﻳﺠﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ 
This document is a draft UAE standard 
circulated for comments. It is, therefore, 
subject to alteration and modification and 
may not be referred to as a UAE standard 
until approved by ESMA. 
 
   
 
Foreword 
Emirates Authority for Standardization & Metrology (ESMA) is th e national 
Standardization body, which is responsible for formulation and issuance of UAE national 
standards.   
National technical committee, for Oil and Gas Standards, have r eviewed the proposal to 
introduce B5-Biodiesel blends in Diesel Engines and prepared a standard draft for Biodiesel 
(B100).  This has been circulated to all concerned stakeholders for thei r valuable comments. 
Feedbacks / comments received were considered prior to finalize  the final draft. The same 
was forwarded for the approval & issuance of the standard by UA E Ministerial Cabinet 
Decree no. …. / year 2017  .The approved standard  is no……. year 2017.  
		UAE Standard                                                                              UAE.S ….. : 2017 
 
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Introduction 
Biodiesel is a product of great interest given its environmenta lly friendly 
Properties/Characteristics. 
It is a well-established alternative fuel compared to other alt ernative fuels. The physical 
properties of Biodiesel are similar to those of conventional di esel oil.  Therefore, it can be 
used in diesel engines without e xpensive alterations to engine or fuel system. 
Biodiesel fuel is renewable, biod egradable, clean-burning and s ignificantly reduces 
greenhouse gas emissions and toxic air pollutants. It has much higher flashpoint compared 
to petroleum diesel oil and free from sulfur and aromatics maki ng it safer to handle, store, 
and transport. 
It can be blended with conventional diesel and can be used in d ifferent concentrations. UAE 
B5 Diesel blend has 5% Bio-diesel (B100-Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ) and 95% conventional 
Diesel oil (Gas Oil).  
The lubricity and cetane number of B5 biodiesel has been improv ed by 60% & 14% 
respectively. Various Internationa l governmental studies showed  that toxic emissions like 
Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC), Particulate matter (PM ) and Carbon dioxide 
(CO 2) was reduced when using biodiesel blends. Below summarized tab le indicate the effect 
of biodiesel over conven tional diesel fuel. 
 
Property B 100 B20 B5 * 
Regulated    
Total Unburned Hydrocarbons 67% Reduction 20% Reduction 4% Reduction 
Carbon Monoxide 48% Reduction 12% Reduction 5.3% Reduction 
Particulate Matter 47% Reduction 12% Reduction 3.1% Reduction 
Non Regulated    
Sulphate 100% Reduction 20% Reduction 5% Reduction 
PAH 80% Reduction 13% Reduction 3.1% Reduction 
Ozone Potential of speciated HC 50% Reduction 10% Reduction 2.5% Reduction 
*Estimated from B20 results 
Adopting the Biodiesel alternativ e is the simplest and quickest  way to reduce the carbon 
foot print without affecting the  fuel consumption adversely. 
The UAE B5 Diesel Blend complies with UAE.S 477/2013 standard f or Ultra Low Sulfur 
Diesel (10 mg/kg sulfur), and offers  several advantages over it .   
 
Biodiesel Fuels (B100) used for Diesel blending  - Requirements and 
Test Methods 
 
1. Scope 
This standard specifies requirements and test methods for Biodi esel Fuel Blend Stock 
(B100) used for Biodiesel blends. Biodiesel (B100) that is bein g used as a blending 
component with diesel fuels shall meet the requirements of stan dard no. UAE.S 477 .  
2. Complementary References 
The following referenced documents applicable for the usage of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition cite d applies. For undated referen ces, the latest edition of the 
referenced document (includi ng any amendments) applies. 
2.1 Referenced documents  
2.1.1 UAE.S 477:2013  Diesel Fuel (Gas Oil) 
2.1.2 UAE.S GSO ISO 3675 Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum product s – Laboratory 
determination of density - Hydrometer method 
2.1.3 UAE.S GSO ISO 3104 Petroleum products - Transparent and opaque liquids - 
Determination of kinematic vis cosity and calculation of dynamic  viscosity 
2.1.4 UAE.S GSO ISO 3679 Determination of flash no-flash and flash po int -- Rapid 
equilibrium closed cup method 
2.1.5 UAE.S GSO ISO 3987 Petroleum pr oducts - Determination of sulfat e d  a s h  i n  
lubricating oils and additives 
2.1.6 UAE.S GSO ISO 5165 Petroleum products - Determination of the ig nition quality of 
diesel fuels -- Cetane engine method 
2.1.7 UAE.S GSO ISO  12937 Petroleum products ‐ Determination of water ‐ Coulometric Karl 
Fischer titration method  
2.1.8 UAE.S ASTM D130 Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness to Coppe r from 
Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test 
2.1.9 UAE.S ASTM D4951 Standard Test Method for Determination of Addi tive Elements 
in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emissi on Spectrometry 
2.1.10  UAE.S GSO ISO 3170 Petroleum L iquids - Manual Sampling 
2.1.11  UAE.S GSO ISO 3171Petroleum Liquids  - Automatic Pipeline Sampli ng 
2.1.12  ASTM D93 Test Method for Flash P oint by Pensky - Martens Close Cup Tester. 
2.1.13  ASTM D445 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Trans parent and 
Opaque Liquids (and Calcula tion of Dynamic Viscosity)  
2.1.14  ASTM D613 Standard Test Method f or Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel  Oil ASTM  
2.1.15  ASTM D664 Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Pro ducts by 
Potentiometric Titration  UAE Standard                                                                              UAE.S ….. : 2017 
 
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 2.1.16  ASTM D874 Standard Test Method f or Sulfated Ash from Lubricatin g Oils and 
Additives  
2.1.17  ASTM D974 Standard Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Colo r-Indicator 
Titration 
2.1.18  D2500 Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid 
Fuels   
2.1.19  ASTM D1160 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum P roducts at 
Reduced Pressure  
2.1.20  ASTM D2622 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Product s by 
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray F luorescence Spectrometry 
2.1.21   ASTM D2709 Standard Test Method  for Water and Sediment in Midd le Distillate 
Fuels by Centrifuge 
2.1.22  ASTM D4052 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API    
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter 
2.1.23  ASTM D4530 Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon Res idue (Micro 
Method)  
2.1.24  ASTM D5453 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulf ur in Light 
Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, a nd Engine Oil by 
Ultraviolet Fluorescence 
2.1.25  ASTM D6584 Standard Test Method  for Determination of Total Mono glycerides, 
Total Diglycerides, Total Triglycerides, and Free and Total Gly cerin in B-100 
Biodiesel Methyl Ester s by Gas Chromatography  
2.1.26   ASTM D3231 Standard Test Met hod for Phosphorus in Gasoline 
 2.1.27   ASTM D6751
 Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) fo r 
Middle Distillate Fuels 
2.1.28  EN 14108 Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FA ME) - Determination 
of sodium content by atomic absorption spectrometry 
2.1.29   EN 14109 Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (F AME) - 
Determination of potassium conten t by atomic absorption spectro metry 
2.1.30   EN 14110 Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (F AME) - 
Determination of methanol content 
2.1.31  EN 14112 Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FA ME) - Determination 
of oxidation stability (accel erated oxidation test) 
2.1.32  EN 14538 Fat and oil derivatives -  Fatty acid methyl ester (FAM E) - Determination 
of Ca, K, Mg and Na content by optical emission spectral analys is with inductively 
coupled plasma (ICP OES) 
2.1.33   EN 15751 Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fue l and blends with 
diesel fuel - Determination of  oxidation stability by accelerat ed oxidation method. 
 
  
2.2
     UAE Regulation  2.2.1 Ministerial Cabinet Decre e no (21) / 2015 UAE Regulation for Petroleum Products 
control.  
3.      Terminology 
 
3.1     Definitions: 
3.1.1 Biodiesel is a fuel comprised o f mono-alkyl esters of long chai n fatty acids derived 
from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated as B100. 
3.1.2 Discussion —Biodiesel is typically produced by a reaction of a pure or used  vegetable 
oil  or animal fat with an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol in the presence of a 
catalyst to yield mono-alkyl ester s and glycerin. The finished biodiesel derives 
approximately 10 % of its mass from the reacted alcohol. The al cohol used in the 
reaction may or may not come from renewable resources. 
3.1.3 Biodiesel blend (BXX)  is a blend of biodiesel fuel with c onventional diesel fuel oils, 
in the abbreviation BXX, the XX represents the volume percentag e of biodiesel fuel 
in the blend. 
3.1.4 Monoglyceride is  a partially reacted fat or oil molecule with one long chain alk yl 
ester group on a glycerin. 
3.1.5 Total glycerin, the sum of the free glycerin and the glycerin p ortion of any unreacted 
or partially reacted oil or fat. 
3.1.6  FAME is fatty acid methyl esters and it is the main compound contributing to more 
than 95 % in biodiesel (B100).  
 
4.   Characteristics and Requirements  
4.1 The biodiesel specified shall be  mono-alkyl esters of long chai n fatty acids derived from 
vegetable oils and animal fats. 
4.2 The biodiesel specified shall conform to the detailed specifica tions shown in below 
given tabulation.  
NOTE 1 : The user should consult the equipmen t manufacturer or refer to owner’s 
manual regarding the suitability of using   bi odiesel or biodiesel bl ends in a particular 
engine or application. 
 
5. Sampling 
Samples for analysis shall be taken in accordance with ASTM D4057 or D4177 
procedures. 
  UAE Standard                                                                              UAE.S ….. : 2017 
 
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6. Test Methods 
The requirements enumerated in this specification shall be dete rmined in accordance with 
the following methods: 
6.1  Flash Point—Test Methods:  AST M D93, shall be the referee meth od. 
6.2  Water and Sediment—Test Method  ASTM D2709, shall be the refere e method.  
6.3 Viscosity—Test Methods:  UAE.S GSO ISO 3104 or D445. 
6.4 Monoglycerides—Test Method D6584, s hall be the referee test met hod. 
6.5 Sulfated Ash—Test Methods : UAE.S GSO ISO 3987 or D874. 
6.6 Oxidation Stability—Test Method EN 15751. Test Method EN 14112 (accelerated 
oxidation test) may also be used. Test Method EN 15751 shall be  the referee test 
method. 
6.7 Sulfur—Test Method D5453. Test Method D7039 may also be used. O ther test 
methods may also be suitable for determining up to 0.05 % (500 ppm) sulfur in 
biodiesel fuels such as Test Methods D1266, D2622, and D3120. T est Method D5453 
shall be the referee test method. 
6.8 Corrosion—Test Method UAE.S  ASTM D130, 3 h test at 50°C. 
6.9 Cetane Number—Test Methods: UAE.S GSO ISO 5165 or ASTM D613. Te st Method 
UAE.S GSO ISO 5165 shall be the referee method. 
 
NOTE 2 : Precision from Test Met hod D7668 were obtained from  results produced   by 
laboratories using externa lly obtained pre-blended  calibration reference material. 
 
6.10  Cloud Point—Test Method D2500, sha ll be the referee test metho d.   
6.11 Acid Number—Test Methods: UAE .S GSO ISO 6618 or ASTM D664.  
6.12  Carbon Residue—Test Method ASTM D4530. A 100% sample shall rep lace the 10 
% residual, with percent residue  in the original sample reporte d using the 10 % 
residual calculati on (see X1.9.1). Test Method D4530 shall be t he referee method.   
    
7.  Terms of Technical Applications 
Biodiesel (B100) product is deemed in accordance with this stan dard if it is registered 
with ESMA according to “ Ministerial Cabinet Decree no (21) / 2015 UAE Regulation 
for Petroleum Products control”. 
   
 
Main References: 
 
- ASTM D6751-15 
- EN 14214: 2012 + A1: 2014 
 
 
 
                           
Table 
Specifications and Requirements for Biodiesel (B100) 
 
S. 
no. Property Units Specification  Method of TestA UAE Standard                                                                              UAE.S ….. : 2017 
 
9 
 1. Ester content % mass Report EN 14103 
2. Density at 15 °C  kg/m3 Report  UAE.S GSO ISO 3675 ASTM D4052 
3. Kinematic ViscosityB at 40°C  m m2 /s  1.9-6.0  UAE.S GSO ISO 3104, ASTM D445 
4. Flashpoint  °C 93 min.  UAE.S GSO ISO 3679, ASTM D93 
5. Sulfur content  % mass 0.0010 max.  ASTM D5453/D2622 
6. Distillation (AET) 
90 % recovered  °C 360 max.  ASTM D1160 
7. Carbon residueC (100%) or 
Carbon residue (10%) % mass 0.05 max. 
- ASTM D4530 
8. Cetane number   47 min.   UAE.S GSO ISO 5165, ASTM D613 
9. Sulfated ash  % mass  0.02 max.  UAE.S GSO ISO 3987, ASTM D874 
10. Water and sediment  % volume  0.05 max.  UAE.S GSO ISO 12937, ASTM D2709 
11. Cloud point D  °C Report ASTM D2500 
12. Copper corrosion   No.3  UAE.S ASTM D130 
13. Acid number  mgKOH/g  0.50 max.  EN 4104, ASTM D664  
14. Oxidation stability  hrs. 3 min. EN 14112 , EN 15751 
15. Methanol content  % mass 0.2 max.  EN 14110 
16. Monoglyceride content  % mass 0.40 ASTM D6584 EN 14105 
17. Free glycerol content  % mass 0.020 max.  ASTM D6584 EN 14105 
18. Total glycerol content  % mass 0.240 max.  ASTM D6584 EN 14105 
19. Na+K  mg/kg 5 max. EN 14108 EN 14109, EN 14538 
20. Ca+Mg  mg/kg 5 max. EN 14538  
21. Phosphorous content  mg/kg 10 max. UAE.S ASTM D4951, ASTM D3231 
  
A- The test methods indicated are  the approved referee methods.  
 B - For some engines it may be adv antageous to specify a minimum v iscosity because of power loss due to injection pump and inject or leakage. 
The 6.0 mm 2/s upper viscosity limit is higher than pet roleum based diesel fuel and should be taken into consideration when blending. 
C - Carbon residue shall be run on th e 100 % sample. A 100% sample shall replace the 10 % residual, with percent residue in the or iginal sample 
reported using the 10 % residual calculation. 
D - The cloud point of biodiesel is generally higher than petroleum  based diesel fuel and should be  taken into consideration when blending.