G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
24 April  2018 
(18-2599) Page: 1/33 
Committee on Agriculture    
 
  
EXPORT SUBSIDIES, EXPORT CREDITS, EXPORT CREDIT GUARAN TEES  
OR INSURANCE PROGRAM MES,  INTERNATIONAL FOOD A ID AND 
AGRICULTURAL EXPORTI NG STATE TRADING ENT ERPRISES  
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT BY THE SECRETARIAT1 
Revision  
1.   The Ministerial Declaration on Export Competition (document WT/MIN(13)/40 and WT/L/915) 
adopted by Ministers on 7 December 2013 at the 9th WTO Minis terial Conference in Bali 
(the "Bali Declaration ") states , inter alia , that: 
"10. Accordingly, we commit to enhance transparency and to improve monitoring in relation 
to all forms of export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in order to 
support the reform process.  
11. We therefore agree to hold dedicated discussio ns on an annual basis in the Committee 
on Agriculture to examine developments in the field of export competition . This examination 
process shall provide an opportunity for Members to raise any matter relevant to the export 
competition pillar, in furtheranc e of the final objective set out in the 2005 Hong Kong 
Ministerial Declaration.  
12. This examination process shall be undertaken on the basis of timely notifications under 
the relevant provisions of the Agreement on Agriculture and related decisions, 
complemented by information compiled by the WTO Secretariat, consistent with the practice 
followed in 20132, on the basis of Members' responses to a questionnaire, as illustrated in 
the Annex."  
2.   The first and second annual dedicated discussion s took place respectively on 5 June 2014 and 
4 June 2015 at the regular meeting s of the Committee on Agriculture .3  
3.   These  dedicated discussions were based on a  background document  by the Secretariat4, which 
compiled information from Members' relevant notifications along  with responses to an  export 
competition questionnaire  circulated by the Chairperson of the Committee on Agriculture .5 
4.   The Ministerial Decision  on Export Competition (document WT/MIN(15)/45  - WT/L/980 ) 
adopted by Ministers on 19  December  2015 at the 10th WTO Ministerial Conference in Nairobi  
(the "Nairobi Decision")  states, inter alia , that:  
"4. The Committee on Agriculture shall monitor the implementation of this Decision by 
Members in accordance with existing notification requirements under the Agreemen t on 
Agriculture, as complemented by the provisions set out in the Annex to this Decision. " 
                                                
1 This document has been prepared under the Secretariat's own responsibility and is without prejudice 
to the positions of Members or to their rights and obligations under the WTO. It has been prepared for 
information only and is not intended to provide any authoritative or official legal interpretation of the provisions 
of the WTO Agreements in general or in relation to any specific entity or measure listed in this document.  
2 TN/AG/S/27 and TN/AG/S/27/Rev.1.  
3 See summary report s issued as document  G/AG/R/7 5 and document G/AG/R/78 as modified by 
document G/AG/R/78/Corr.1 . 
4 Documents G/AG/W/125, G/AG/W/125/Rev.1, G/AG/W/125/Rev.2 and G/AG/W/125/Rev.3 and their 
addenda. The documents were updated after the meetings to include additional information from Membe rs. 
5 The questionnaire s circulated respectively on 10 February 2014 and 26 November 2014 reflected the 
Elements for Enhanced Transparency on Export Competition contained in the Annex to the Bali Declaration.  G/AG/ W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 2 - 
 
  5.   The Annex to the Nairobi Decision  states  that, consistent with the Bali Declaration, Members 
shall continue to provide information on export subsidies, export credi t, export credit guarantees 
or insurance programs, international food aid and agricultural exporting state trading enterprises, 
within the context of an annual examination process  based on the structure of the Annex . 
6.   In addition, footnote 17 to the Decisio n states  that " Notwithstanding paragraph  4 of this 
Decision, developing country Members, unless they are in a position to do so at an earlier date, 
shall implement this Annex no later than five years following the date of adoption of this Decision ". 
7.   The third and fourth annual dedicated discussions took place respectively on 7  June 2016 and 
7 June 2017 at the regular meetings of the Committee on Agriculture .6  
8.   These dedicated discussions were based on a background document by the Secretariat7, which 
compi led information from Members' relevant notifications along with responses to an export 
competition questionnaire circulated by the Chairperson of the Committee on Agriculture.8 
9.   On 16 November 2017 , the Chairperson of the Committee on Agriculture circulated  a 
questionnaire, in accordance with the terms of the Annex of the Nairobi Decision, in preparation  
for the annual examination process referred to therein. This examination process will take place  
during the June 2018 regular meeting of  the Committee on Ag riculture.  
10.   The present document and its four addenda update document G/AG/W/125/Rev.7 , with the 
addition of replies to th e questionnaire circulated on 16 November  2017, relevant information 
coming from Table  ES:1 and ES:3 notifications , and notifications to the Working Party on State 
Trading Enterprises received by th e Secretariat up to 23 April 2018. 
11.   The following Members replied to th e questionnaire circulated on 16 November  2017: 
Australia; Brazil; Canada; Costa Rica; Ecuador; European  Union; Hong Kong, China; Israel; Japan; 
Liechtenstein; Macao,  China; Mauritius; Mexico; Norway; New Zealand; Panama; Peru; 
Russian  Federation; Singapore; Switzerland; Togo; Turkey; Ukraine;  the United States and 
Uruguay . 
12.   This document, read i n conjunction with its addenda , is organized in four  parts corresponding 
to the four areas covered by the questionnaire : 
a. Part A : Export subsidies  (cf. also addendum  G/AG/W/125 /Rev.8 /Add.1 ); 
b. Part B : Export credits, export credit guarantees or insurance programmes  (cf. also 
addendum  G/AG/W/125 /Rev.8 /Add.2 ); 
c. Part C : International food ai d (cf. also addendum  G/AG/W/125 /Rev.8 /Add.3 ); and 
d. Part D: Agricultural exporting state tradin g enterprises (cf. also addendum  
G/AG/W/125 /Rev.8 /Add.4 ). 
13.   Parts A to D of this document describe how  data transmitted by Members was collected and  
compiled in the relevant addenda . The document  also contains  a number of related  summary 
tables and chart s. Part A also reflects  updated information on Members' export subsidies 
commitments.   
                                                
6 See summary report s issued as document  G/AG/R/75 and document G/AG/R/78 as modified by 
document G/AG/R/78/Corr.1  
7 Documents G/AG/W/125/Rev.4, G/AG/W/125/Rev.5, G/AG/W/125/Rev.6 and G/AG/W/125/Rev.7 and 
their addenda. The documents were updated after the meetings to include additional informat ion from 
Members.  
8 The questionnaires circulated respectively on 20 January 2016 and 31 October 2016 reflected the 
elements contained in the Annex to the Nairobi Decision.  G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
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  TABLE OF CONTENT S 
PART A – EXPORT SUBSIDIES  ................................ ................................ ..........................  5 
PART B – EXPORT CREDITS, EXPO RT CREDIT GUARANTEES  OR INSURANCE 
PROGRAMMES  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  29 
PART C – INTERNATIONAL FOOD A ID ................................ ................................ ............  30 
PART D – AGRICULTURAL EXPORTI NG STATE TRADING ENT ERPRISES  ..........................  31 
TABLE OF TABLES  
Table 1 – Product groupings  ................................ ................................ ................................ . 7 
Table 2 – Number of product -specific export subsidy reduction commitments in Members' 
schedules – Initial situation  ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 8 
Table 3 – Modification of export subsidies schedules pursuant to the Decem ber 2015 
Nairobi Ministerial Decision on Export Competition  ................................ ................................ .. 9 
Table 4 – Number of product -specific export subsidy reduction commit ments in Members' 
schedules – Situation as of 23 April 2018  ................................ ................................ .............  10 
Table 5 – Most recent use of export subsidies  ................................ ................................ ....... 11 
Table 6 – Number of agricultural exporting STEs per Member  ................................ .................  32 
Table 7 – Distribution of agricultural exporting STEs by product grouping  ................................  33 
TABLE OF CHARTS  
Chart 1: Australia  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  12 
Chart 2: Canada  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  12 
Chart 3: Colombia  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  12 
Chart 4: European Union  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 13 
Chart 5: Iceland  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  13 
Chart 6: Israel  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  13 
Chart 7: Mexico  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  14 
Chart 8: Norway  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  14 
Chart 9: South Africa  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  14 
Chart 10: Switzerland -Liechtenstein  ................................ ................................ ....................  15 
Chart 11: Turkey  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  15 
Chart 12: United States  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 15 
Chart 13: Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of  ................................ ................................ .........  16 
Chart 14: Category 1 – Wheat and wheat flour  ................................ ................................ ..... 17 
Chart 15: Category 2 – Coarse grains  ................................ ................................ ..................  17 
Chart 16: Category 3 – Rice ................................ ................................ ...............................  18 
Chart 17: Category 4 – Oilseeds  ................................ ................................ .........................  18 
Chart 18: Category 5 – Vegetable oils  ................................ ................................ .................  19 
Chart 19: Category 6 – Oilcakes  ................................ ................................ .........................  19 G/AG/ W/125/Rev.8  
 
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  Chart 20: Category 7 – Sugar  ................................ ................................ .............................  20 
Chart 21: Category 8 – Butter and butter oil  ................................ ................................ ........  20 
Chart 22: Category 9 – Skim milk powder  ................................ ................................ ............  21 
Chart 23: Category 10 – Cheese  ................................ ................................ .........................  21 
Chart 24: Category 11 – Other milk products  ................................ ................................ ....... 22 
Chart 25: Category 12 – Bovine meat  ................................ ................................ ..................  22 
Chart 26: Category 13 – Pigmeat  ................................ ................................ ........................  23 
Chart 27: Category 14 – Poultry meat  ................................ ................................ .................  23 
Chart 28: Category 15 – Sheepmeat  ................................ ................................ ...................  24 
Chart 29: Category 16 – Live animals  ................................ ................................ ..................  24 
Chart 30: Category 17 – Eggs ................................ ................................ ............................  25 
Chart 31: Category 18 – Wine ................................ ................................ ............................  25 
Chart 32: Category 20 (includes 19) – Fruits and vegetables  ................................ ..................  26 
Chart 33: Category 21 – Tobacco  ................................ ................................ ........................  26 
Chart 34: Category 22 – Cotton* ................................ ................................ .........................  27 
Chart 35: Category 23 – Incorporated products  ................................ ................................ .... 27 
Chart 36: Category 24 – Other agricultural products  ................................ .............................  28 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
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  PART A – EXPORT SUBSIDIES  
14.   This part  relates to  the information on the use of export subsidies  by Members  with export  
subsidy reduction commitments , which is contained in document G/AG/W/125 /Rev.8 /Add.1 . 
15.   Document G/AG/W/126 /Rev.8 /Add.1  updates document G/AG/W/125/ Rev.7/Add.1 . 
It incorporates  information from  Table  ES:1 notifications , as well as  replies by Members  to the first  
section of the questionnaire o n operational changes in Export Subsidies  up to 23 April 2018. In the 
absence of a reply to the questionnaire or new notification by a Member, the information contained 
in document G/AG/W/125/Rev.7 /Add.1  has been left unchanged.  
16.   Members'  informa tion on  export subsidy reduction commitments, both in terms of budgetary 
outlay and quantity commitments , at the time of adoption of  the Nairobi Ministerial Decision on 
export competition  was adopted  can be found in the Section  I of Part  A of document s 
TN/AG/S/27 /Rev.1  and TN/AG/S/27/Rev.1/Add.1.  Information on new developments in relation to 
Members' export subsidies commitments pursuant to the Nairobi Ministerial decision on export 
competition can be found in paragraph s 26 and  27 below.   
17.   As was the case in docum ent G/AG/W/125/ Rev.7 /Add.1  and in previous similar documents , 
document  G/AG/W/125 /Rev.8 /Add.1  does not include the data corresponding to export subsidies 
granted by developing country Members notified under Article  9.4 of the Agreement on Agri culture 
(Supporting Table ES:2)9 or the replies to the questionnaire in which Members without export 
subsidy reduction commitments confirmed the absence of such export subsidies.  
18.   Export subsidy b udgetary outlays and quantities , as notified by Members , are shown  in two 
different tables . The symbol "n.r." indicates that the products concerned were not subject to 
notification requirements in the year in question (either because the country concerned was not 
a Member or because that type of commitment – budgetary outla y or quantity – did not apply) . 
A blank indicates that no notification has been received for the year in question.  
19.   The following column headings are used:  
REF The last digit or the two last digits of the reference number ( Export 
Subsidy  ID-XSID) used in th e Consolidated Tariff Schedules ( CTS) File to 
identify each export subsidy reduction commitment;  
PRODUCT  The product or group of products as specified in the Member 's schedules 
(or abbreviated)10; 
UNIT  The currency/quantity unit used for reduction commitments and a percentage 
symbol below (in italic) ; and 
1995…2017  For each year :11 
-  the notified budgetary outlay or quantity ; and 
- the resulting share of the Member's corresponding annual commitment for 
that year expressed in percentage (in italic).  
20.   The Members ' annual commitment levels used to calculate the shares are tho se listed in 
Section  I of Part A  of document s TN/AG/S/27/Re v.1 and TN/AG/S/27/Rev.1/Add.1 as modified and 
certifi ed pursuant to the December 2015 Nairobi Ministerial Decision on Export Competition .  
21.   For each Member, the type of year (i.e. calendar, financial , fiscal  or marketing year)  used is 
indicated in the title complemented in some cases by a note attached to the relevant table.  
22.   Australia, Canada , Israel, Norway, Switzerland a nd Turkey  also provided additional 
informa tion in their replies  to the first section of the questionnaire , which  was added before the 
relevant  tables . 
                                                
9 Those Members are Barbados; India; Korea, Republic of; Mauritius; Mexico; Morocco ; Pakistan; 
Sri Lanka; Thailand; and Tunisia.  
10 In original language only.  
11 Until the last year for which the Member has non -zero export subsidy budgetary outlay commitments 
inscribed in its Schedule.  G/AG/ W/125/Rev.8  
 
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  SUMMARY INFORMATION ON MEMBERS' EXPORT SUBSIDIES  COMMITMENTS  
23.   Out o f the 164 WTO Members, 25 initially had export subsidy reduction commitments in 
Section  II of Part IV of their schedules.12, 13 These Members are listed in Table  2 below , along with 
the number of product specific commitments . The latter are classified in various product groupings 
in order to fac ilitate the presentation . The product groupings used are set out in Table  1.14 
They reflect the categories of products (or groups of products ) used for the establishment 
of export subsidy reduction commitments during the Uruguay Round as in document 
MTN.GNG /MA/W/24 and in relation to total exports as in document G/AG/2, subject to the 
following presentational adjustments (shown in bold in Table  1): 
i. reflecting the nature of many schedules, the fruit s (category 19) and vegetables 
(category 20) groups have been  combined into one (with the code  20); 
ii. subsidies for  agricultural products contingent on their incorporation in exported products 
("incorporated products") have been given the code 23;  
iii. "other" agricultural products, i.e. those that do not fit into any of the groupings used 
during the Uruguay Round, have been given the code 24 ; and 
iv. "all agricultural products" (combined) have been given the code 25.  
24.   The information in Table  2 on the number of product -specific commitments by Member 
in each product grouping is  taken from the schedules of Members . For the purposes of Table  2, 
budgetary outlay commitments have been used . Members also have commitments on a quantity 
basis although, in total, there are fewer of these than budgetary outlay commitments, reflecting 
aggregate export subsidy reduction commitments ( e.g. "incorporated products" and 
"all agricultural products") for which there are no quantity -based commitments.  
25.   As result of  this calculation, there are 428  export subsidy reduction commitments . 
Two commitments  apply to "all agricultural products" and five to "incorporated products" . 
The remaining 421 are product -specific commitments with both budgetary outlay and quantity 
commitments.15 
                                                
12 The European Union is counted as one Member with commitments based on the certified 
Schedule  CLXXIII – European Union 25, effective as of 1 December 2016 (document WT/LET/1220). Since 
Marketing Year 2006/2007, the European Union had notified its calculati on of "EC -25 commitment levels 
following Article  XXIV.6 negotiations for the EU enlargement of 2004" (document  G/AG/N/EEC/57/Rev.1). The 
European Union submitted for certification a revised draft schedule for EU -28 on 17 October 2017 
(document  G/MA/TAR/RS/ 506).      
13 Costa Rica has commitments only in Section III of Part IV of its schedule (commitments limiting the 
scope of export subsidies) . However as this section of schedules is not covered by the notification requirements 
(document G/AG/2), it is not ta ken into consideration here.  
14 These groupings were also used in documents G/AG/NG/S/5, G/AG/NG/S/5/Rev.1, TN/AG/S/8, 
TN/AG/S/8/Rev.1, TN/AG/S/27 and TN/AG/S/27/Rev.1.  
15 In the case of Poland's "animal husbandry products" commitment, there is no quantity c ommitment in 
the schedule.  G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
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  Table 1 – Product groupings  
Code  Products coverage  
1 Wheat and wheat flour  
2 Coarse grains  
3 Rice 
4 Oilseeds  
5 Vegetable oils  
6 Oilcakes  
7 Sugar  
8 Butter and butter oil  
9 Skim milk powder  
10 Cheese  
11 Other milk products  
12 Bovine meat  
13 Pigmeat  
14 Poultry meat  
15 Sheepmeat  
16 Live animals  
17 Eggs 
18 Wine 
20 (includes  19) Fruits and vegetables  
21 Tobacco  
22 Cotton  
23 Incorporated products  
24 Other agricultural products  
25 All agricultural products  
 
   
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 8 - Table 2 – Number of product -specific export  subsidy reduction commitments in Members' schedules  – Initial situation  
Member  Product groupings (see Table 1 for definitions)  
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 ALL 
Australia         1 1 1 1        1      5 
Brazil   1   1 1 1    1 1  1    1 2 1 1  4  16 
Bulgaria  1   1      2  1 1 3 1 2 1 1 28 1  1   44 
Canada  1 1  1 1 1  1 1 1 1        1   1   11 
Colombia    1    1     1       3 1 1  10  18 
Cyprus           1 1 1 1 1 1   1 2      9 
Czech Republic  1 1   1  1  1  1 1 1 1 1   1 1    4  16 
European Union  1 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1   1 1 2 1  1 1  20 
Hungary  1 1  1 1  1   1  1 1 1 1 3  1 2      16 
Iceland            1    1          2 
Indonesia    1                      1 
Israel                    3  1  2  6 
Mexico  1 2     1            1      5 
New Zealand                         1 1 
Norway         1  1 1 1 1 1 1  1  1   1 1  11 
Panama                         1 1 
Poland     1 1  1  1  1 1  1  1   4    5  17 
Romania   1  1 1  1 1  1  1  1  1 1 1 2      13 
Slovak Republic  1 1   1  1  1  1 1 1 1 1   1 1    5  17 
South Africa  1 4  1 2  2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1  1 1 5 2 1  33  62 
Switzerland -Liechtenstein            1     1   2   1   5 
Turkey  2 3   4   1  1 3 3  1 1  1  14 1   9  44 
United States  1 1 1  1   1 1 1 1 1 1 1  1 1        13 
Uruguay    1   1  1                 3 
Venezuela, Boliv arian 
Republic of   1 4        1        46 4   16  72 
All Members  11 18 9 7 15 3 11 9 8 12 17 17 9 15 9 9 7 9 121 11 4 5 90 2 428 
 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
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  NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN RELATION TO MEMBERS'  EXPORT SUBSIDIES COM MITMENTS  
26.   Several Members with scheduled export subsidy reduction commitments have taken steps to 
modify their schedules pursuant to the December 2015 Nairobi Ministerial Decision  on Export 
Competition .  
Table 3 – Modification of export subsidies schedules pursuant to the December 2015 
Nairobi Ministerial Decision on Export Competition  
Member  Submission of revised draft schedule 
containing modifications to part IV 
pursuant to the Nairobi Decision on 
Export Competition  Certification of the new Schedule  
Australia  Circulated on 22  February 2017  
Document G/MA/TAR/RS/454  Certified as of 22 May 2017  
Document WT/LET/1262  
European Union  Circulated on 17 October 2017  
Document G/MA/TAR/RS/506   
Norway  Circulated on 28 November 2017  
Document G/MA/TAR/RS/507  Certified as of 28 February 2018  
Document WT/LET/1342  
Israel  Circulated on 11 December 2017  
Document G/MA/TAR/RS/511  Certified as of 11 March 2018  
Document WT/LET/1348  
Canada  Circulated on 11  December 2017  
Document G/MA/TAR/RS/512   
South Africa  Circulated on 2 March 2018  
Document G/MA/TAR/RS/524   
 
27.   Table  4 reflects the current situation as regards WTO Members' export subsidy reduction 
commitments  inscribed in their schedules following  the same presentation as in Table 2.   
  G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 10 - Table 4 – Number of product -specific export subsidy reduction commitments in  Member s' schedules  – Situation  as of  23 April  2018  
Member  Product groupings (see Table 1 for definitions)  
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 ALL 
Australia         0 0 0 0        0      0 
Brazil   1   1 1 1    1 1  1    1 2 1 1  4  16 
Canada  1 1  1 1 1  1 1 1 1        1   1   11 
Colombia    1    1     1       3 1 1  10  18 
European Union  1 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1   1 1 2 1  1 1  20 
Iceland            1    1          2 
Indonesia    1                      1 
Israel                    3  0  2  5 
Mexico  1 2     1            1      5 
Norway         1  1 0 0 1 0 0  0  0   1 0  4 
South Africa  1 4  1 2  2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1  1 1 5 2 1  33  62 
Switzerland -Liechtenstein            1     1   2   1   5 
Turkey  2 3   4   1  1 3 3  1 1  1  14 1   9  44 
United States  1 1 1  1   1 1 1 1 1 1 1  1 1        13 
Uruguay    1   1  1                 3 
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of   1 4        1        46 4   16  72 
All Members  7 14 9 3 10 3 6 7 4 6 11 9 4 5 3 2 4 3 79 10 3 4 75 0 281 
In bold:  Members with certified new schedules .  
In italic :  Members with revised draft schedules under certification process . 
 
 G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
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  SUMMARY INFORMATION  ON THE EVOLUTION IN THE  USE OF EXPORT SUBSIDIE S 
28.   The following table 5 summarizes the information available in relation to the export subsidies 
granted by the Members who have notified such export subsidies in their latest Table ES:1 
notification, since 2004.  
Table 5 – Most recent use of export subsidies  
Member  Latest 
notification 
year available  Sum notified export subsidy 
budgetary outlays  as % of 
sum export subsidy budgetary 
outlay commitment levels  Products covered  
Canada  2015 19% Skim milk powder, cheese, other 
milk, i ncorporated products  
European Union  2016 0% Sugar16 
Israel  2016 1.4% Cut flowers, f ruits other than 
citrus, fresh vegetables  
Norway  2016 39% Swine meat,  butter cheese, 
processed agricultural products  
Switzerland  2016 21% Cattle for breeding and horses, 
processed products  
Sum of  the export subsidy budgetary outlays notified and scheduled per Member  
29.   The charts 1 -13 show by Member17 and by year18 the sum of the  export subs idy outlays  
notified and the sum of the export subsidy budgetary outlay commitment levels scheduled for the 
corresponding  year of notification . 
30.   The charts also show for each year the sum of the  notified export subsidy budgetary outlays 
expres sed as a percentage of the sum of the  export subsidy budgetary outlay commitm ent le vels. 
31.   These charts, which  aim at giving some indications on the trends in t he use of export 
subsidies by Members, should be considered as illustrative only, in particular since : 
i. Members'  commitments are expressed on a product -specific basis ; 
ii. the trend in terms of notified export subsidies quantities are not recorde d19; and 
iii. the typ e of year can differ from one product to the other.  
                                                
16 Only notified quantities, representing 98.2% of the corresponding export subsidies quantity 
commitment level, as expressed in WT/LET/1220 (cf. footnote  12 above).  
17 Except for Brazil, Indonesia and Uruguay who have not notified  any export subsidy during the whole 
period covered by their notifications, for New Zealand and Panama who have now a zero export subsidy 
commitment and for the new European Union member States.  
18 Until the last year for which the Member has non -zero expor t subsidy budgetary outlay commitments 
inscribed in its certified Schedule.  
19 Firstly, Members may use different units to measure the quantities for different products (and 
quantities are absent for some product categories, like "processed products"). Seco ndly, adding quantities 
corresponding to very different categories of products might prove problematic. Exhaustive information on the 
export subsidies quantities notified per Member can be found in the tables contained in 
document  G/AG/W/125/Rev.7/Add.1 . G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 12 - 
 
  Chart 1: Australia  
 
Chart 2: Canada  
 
Chart  3: Colombia  
 
0% 0% 0%2% 4%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
020406080100120140160
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Sum notified budgetary outlays (Million A$)
Sum budgetary outlays commitments (Million A$)
% : Notified budgetary outlays as share of budgetary outlay commitments
7%
1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%20% 22% 24% 24% 21% 21% 21% 21% 21% 24% 20% 19% 19%
0100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000800,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Sum notified budgetary outlays  (Thousand Can$)
Sum budgetary outlays commitments  (Thousand Can$)
4%5%6% 6%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
050100150200250300350400
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Sum notified budgetary outlays (Million US$)
Sum budgetary outlays commitments (Million US$)
% : Notified budgetary outlays as share of budgetary outlay commitmentsG/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 13 - 
 
  Chart  4: European Union  
 
Chart  5: Iceland  
 
Chart  6: Israel  
 
42%51%
43%58%68%
37%35%42%40%35%
26%
18%
11%
6%5% 2%2%0.7%0.0005% 0%0%0%02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum notified budgetary outlays (Million €)
Sum budgetary outlays commitments (Million €)
21%
3% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
02468101214161820
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Sum notified budgetary outlays (Million SDR)
Sum budgetary outlays commitments (Million SDR)
% : Notified budgetary outlays as share of budgetary outlay commitments
0%24%
11%
2% 3% 0%10%13%
9%
1% 2%0.4% 0%0.4% 3.2% 3.8% 4.6% 1.9% 2.5% 4.3% 2.7% 1.4%
0102030405060
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum notified budgetary outlays (Million US$)
Sum budgetary outlays commitments (Million US$)
% : Notified budgetary outlays as share of budgetary outlay commitmentsG/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 14 - 
 
  Chart  7: Mexico  
 
Chart  8: Norway  
 
Chart  9: South Africa  
 
0% 0%7%
1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0100200300400500600700800
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum notified budgetary outlays (Million US$)
Sum budgetary outlays commitments (Million US$)
% : Notified budgetary outlays as share of budgetary outlay commitments
55%59%94%
86%171%
80%
59%53%65%75%67% 69%
49%42%50%56%46% 47%54%
39%
27%39%
02004006008001,0001,200
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum notified budgetary outlays (Million NOK)
Sum budgetary outlays commitments (Million NOK)
% : Notified budgetary outlays as share of budgetary outlay commitments
17%23%
11%
3%5%4%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0100200300400500600700800900
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Sum notified budgetary outlays (Million Rand)
Sum budgetary outlays commitments (Million Rand)
% : Notified budgetary outlays as share of budgetary outlay commitmentsG/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 15 - 
 
  Chart  10: Switzerland -Liechtenstein  
 
Chart  11: Turkey  
 
Chart  12: United States  
 
82%
79%
74%81%90%
72%
50%48%47%42%
32%31%
23% 24%27%
17% 17%15% 16% 16%22%21%
0100200300400500600700
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum notified budgetary outlays (Million Chf)
Sum budgetary outlays commitments (Million Chf)
% : Notified budgetary outlays as share of budgetary outlay commitments
3% 2%6%
5% 5% 6%
01002003004005006007008009001,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Sum notified budgetary outlays (Million US$)
Sum budgetary outlays commitments (Million US$)
% : Notified budgetary outlays as share of budgetary outlay commitments
2%12% 12%18%
11%
3%9%5%0.5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3%0.4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
02004006008001,0001,2001,400
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Sum notified budgetary outlays (Million US$)
Sum budgetary outlays commitments (Million US$)
% : Notified budgetary outlays as share of budgetary outlay commitmentsG/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 16 - 
 
  Chart  13: Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of  
 
 
Sum of the export subsidy budgetary outlays notified and scheduled per product 
grouping  
32.   The charts 14 -36 show, for the period 1995-2016, the sum of  the export subsidy budgetary 
outlays notified and scheduled  per product grouping (as set out in T able 1 above) .20 
33.   The figures a re calc ulated  by adding the Members'  export subsidy budgetary outlays  notified 
(respectively, the export subsidy budgetary outlay commitment levels scheduled by all the 
Members with reduction commitments) for the products (or group of products ) in their schedules 
corresponding to each  product grouping , foll owing the distribution  summarized  in Table 2. 
The figures a re expresse d in US  Dollar  using the relevant  yearly exchange rate .21 
34.   The charts also show , for each product grouping,  the sum of  the notified expo rt subsidy 
budgetary outlays  expressed as a percentage of the sum of the export subsidy bu dgetary outlay 
commitment levels  of the M embers who  have submitted notifications . This per centage gives some 
indication of  the effective use of export subsidies by the se Members  for the relevant  product 
grouping.  
35.   Finally, the charts also show, for each product grouping, the sum of the export subsidy 
budgetary outlay commitments levels of the Members  who have submitted notifications  as a 
percentage of the sum of the  export subsidy budgetary outlay  commitment levels  of all the 
Members  with reduction commitments  corresponding to this product grouping . This percentage 
gives an indication of  the compl eteness  of the data available  for the relevant  year. 
36.   These charts, that a im at giving some indications of the trends in the use of export subsidies 
by broad product grouping , should be considered as illustrative only, in particular since : 
i. some changes can be partly due to exchange rate fluctuation ; 
ii. this information is only partial since notified export subs idies quantities are not 
recorded22; 
iii. the products or groups of products regrouped under one specific commitment are not 
always fully covered within the scope of one  product grouping ; and 
                                                
20 Except for category 25 "All agricultural products", for which the two Members who had an export 
subsidy commitment (New Zealand and Panama) falling under this category now have a zero export subsidy 
commitment.  
21 Using exchange rates from the IMF's "Inter national Financial Statistics".  
22 Budgetary outlays are used rather than quantities consistent with the approach followed to constitute 
Table  2. It also permits having comparable figures across the board for all product groupings. Using quantities 
for some  product groupings might prove problematic due to the different units used by Members to measure 
quantities in the same product groupings but also due to the large coverage of certain product groupings 
(like fruits and vegetables, processed products or oth er agricultural products).  
9%60%
7%17%
0510152025303540
1995 1996 1997 1998
Sum notified budgetary outlays (Million US$)
Sum budgetary outlays commitments (Million US$)
% : Notified budgetary outlays as share of budgetary outlay commitmentsG/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 17 - 
 
  iv. the type of year can differ from one product to the other and from one  Member to 
the other.  
Finally,  some changes in the data on the sum of the export subs idy budgetary outlay commitment 
levels  of all the Members with reduction commitments can also be explained by the successive 
European Union enlargements  during the period under consideration .23 
Chart  14: Category 1 – Wheat and wheat flour  
 
Chart  15: Category 2 – Coarse grains  
 
                                                
23 New EU member States commitments are taken into account until their accession to the 
European  Union. The figures notified by the European Union as its calculation of "EC -25 commitment levels 
following Article  XXIV.6 negotiation s for the EU enlargement of 2004" and now included in the certified 
Schedule  CLXXIII – European Union 25, effective as of 1 December 2016 (document WT/LET/1220) are used 
for 2006 and the following years (cf.  footnote 12 above).  
3%8%5%17%21%
5%
0%8%
0%3%6%3%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0%20%40%60%80%100%
05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)
14%19%
15%45%49%
14%
8%13%
6%14%
8%
4%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,8002,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 18 - 
 
  Chart  16: Category 3 – Rice 
 
Chart  17: Category 4 – Oilseeds  
 
12%29%
15%12%16%18% 17%15% 15%
1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
050100150200250
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)
0.3% 0.3% 0% 0% 0%1.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
0102030405060708090100
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 19 - 
 
  Chart  18: Category 5 – Vegetable oils  
 
Chart  19: Category 6 – Oilcakes  
 
27.8%
19.1%
4.6%
0.7% 0.8% 1.9%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
020406080100120140160180200
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
0123456
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 20 - 
 
  Chart  20: Category 7 – Sugar  
 
Chart 21: Category 8 – Butter and butter oil 
 
23.2%35.3%59.9%61.4%
42.8%
34.2%42.9%
26.4%33.3%51.2%
48.8%51.2%
50.7%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
02004006008001,0001,2001,400
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)
18.2%40.9%
24.7%
23.8%31.8%34.0%
32.3%55.7%61.8%
52.3%
30.2%
24.8%
0.2%6.6%5.0%
0.2%
0.01%0.8%0.1% 0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,600
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 21 - 
 
  Chart  22: Category 9 – Skim milk powder  
 
Chart  23: Category 10 – Cheese  
 
 
27.4%42.4%
36.8%62.9%86.2%
10.0%22.7%48.3%49.0%
23.9%
9.3%
5.5% 5.4%13.1% 13.3%
5.7% 5.7% 6%5.7% 5.3% 5.3%
0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
0100200300400500600700
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)
67.9%
50.6%
41.6%40.0%61.4%65.9%
52.7%71.9%
68.9%
48.4%
44.6%
35.4%
8.0%13.2% 12.1%
6.8% 7.0% 7.2% 6.9%5.2% 4.2%2.4%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
0100200300400500600700
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 22 - 
 
  Chart  24: Category 11 – Other milk  products  
 
Chart  25: Category 12 – Bovine meat  
 
 
67.9%71.0%78.4%84.1%106.8%
57.1%
51.9%70.8%75.6%
49.0%
34.7%
17.7%
2.7%12.3% 12.1%
1.7% 1.6% 1.8% 1.3% 1.4% 1.5% 0%
0%20%40%60%80%100%120%
02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,600
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)
70.1%76.6%
46.9%
39.1%51.5%
28.8%28.9%
22.0%22.0%18.6%
9.4%
4.3%2.4% 2.2% 2.3%4.9%2.3%0.1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,8002,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 23 - 
 
  Chart  26: Category 13 – Pigmeat  
 
Chart  27: Category 14 – Poultry meat  
 
27.7%
22.6%29.8%132.7%
115.4%
17.7%
10.6%7.2%22.4%
13.9%11.6%9.0%44.3%
14.1%
7.2%9.8%7.9%
2.8% 3.8%2.1%0.2% 1.7%
0%20%40%60%80%100%120%140%
050100150200250300350400450
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)
48.2%
30.8%36.2%46.8% 46.1%
40.2%37.1%55.3%55.8%58.3%
47.5%44.9%49.5%
45.2%50.5%
38.0%39.7%
28.1%
0.02% 0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
050100150200250300
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 24 - 
 
  Chart  28: Category 15 – Sheepmeat  
 
Chart  29: Category 16 – Live animals  
 
4.7%11.5%20.0%
7.6%5.4%
0.7%4.6%12.7%11.3%23.0%37.8%
24.7%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
02468101214161820
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)
30.2%
21.8%
10.9% 9.7% 9.1% 9.0%7.6%9.4%14.9% 14.2%11.7%10.4%15.3% 15.6%19.4%
0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
020406080100120140160180200
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 25 - 
 
  Chart  30: Category 17 – Eggs  
 
Chart  31: Category 18 – Wine  
 
22.4%
14.1%25.1%33.0%
31.1%
21.4%
16.9%13.6%
9.0%17.9% 17.2%
11.3% 10.7%7.9% 7.6%10.7%
6.1%4.5% 4.1%
0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
01020304050607080
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)
81.0%96.9%
63.1%
51.2%49.5%48.8%50.7%
44.1%
37.4%43.4%40.4%37.6%
32.8%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
010203040506070
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 26 - 
 
  Chart  32: Categor y 20 (includes 19)  – Fruit s and vegetables  
 
Chart  33: Category 21 – Tobacco  
 
17.9%19.3%
10.7%11.8% 14.2%
8.7% 7.7% 7.2% 8.0% 7.1%12.9%
6.0%2.7% 3.0% 3.5%0.3% 0.4% 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
0100200300400500600700800
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)
15.6%
4.6%
0.8%1.0%0%0%0%
0%0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
020406080100120
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 27 - 
 
  Chart  34: Category 22 – Cotton* 
 
* This chart does not include the export subsidies for uplan d cotton notified by the 
United  States  in 2003, 2004, 2005 and  2006.  
Chart  35: Category 23 – Incorporated products  
 
0%0% 0%0%0% 0% 0%1.3%0%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
0102030405060708090
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)
69.0%79.3%86.5%99.7%136.2%
93.3%91.2%93.9%96.0%
91.7%
70.9%
54.0%
38.3%
30.4%
21.6%
16.4%16.7%
14.0% 14.0% 14.2%19.6%17.1%
0%20%40%60%80%100%120%140%
0100200300400500600700800900
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 28 - 
 
  Chart  36: Category 24 – Other agricultural products  
 
 
 
12.8%25.4%25.8%30.6%63.9%
32.5%
17.2%29.4%
18.1%
1.6%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
0100200300400500600
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays (US$ Million) (left axis)
Sum notified budgetary outlays as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members (right axis)
Sum budgetary outlay commitments by notifying Members as % of sum budgetary outlay commitments by all Members (right axis)G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
- 29 - 
 
  PART B – EXPORT CREDITS, EXPO RT CREDIT GUARANTEES  OR INSURANCE PROGRAM MES 
37.   This part relates to  the information on the use of export credi ts, export credit guarantees or  
insurance pr ogrammes  by Members for the export of agricultural products  which is  contained 
in document G/AG/W/125 /Rev.8 /Add.2.  
38.   Document G/AG/W/125/ Rev.8 /Add.2  updates docu ment G/AG/W/125/Rev.7 /Add.2 . 
It incorporates replies by Members to the second section of the questionnaire on Export Credit, 
Export Credit Guarantees or Insurance Programmes (Export financing)  up to  
23 April 2018. In the absence of a reply to the questionnaire  by a Member , the information 
contained in d ocument G/AG/W/125/Rev.7 /Add.2  has been left unchanged.  
Members who replied to the previous questionnaires24 Members who replied to th e ques tionnaire  
circulated on 16 November 2017  
Australia ; Brazil ; Canada ; China ; Colombia;  
European  Union ; Iceland ; Jamaica; Japan ; Malaysia ; 
New Zealand ; Peru; Russian  Federation;  Switzerland ; 
Thailand; Trinidad and Tobago ; Turkey;   
United  States;  Viet Nam Australia;  Canada; European Union; Japan; 
New Zealand; Russian  Federation; Turkey; 
Switzerland ; United States  
 
39.   In addition,  the following  Members indicated in their replies to the questionnaires that they 
do not provide export financing programmes for agricultural products.  
Members  with nil reply to the previous questionnaire s25 Members with nil reply to the questionnaire  
circulated on 16 November 2017  
Albania; Argentina; Chile; China; Colombia ; Costa  Rica; 
Côte d'Ivoire;  Dominican Republic; Ecuador; Fiji; 
Georgia;  Guatemala; Honduras; Hong Kong,  China;  
Israel; Jordan; Liechtenstein; Macao,  China; 
Madagascar; Mauritius; Moldova,  Republic of; 
Montenegro; Norway;  Pakistan;  Panama; Paraguay ; 
Peru; Philippines ; Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of; Seychelles; 
Singapore; South  Africa;  Chinese  Taipei ; Thailand; 
Ukraine;  Uruguay  Costa Rica; Ecuador; Hong Kong, China;  Israel; 
Liechtenstein; Macao,  China; Mauritius; Mexico; 
Norway ; Panama;  Peru; Singapore;  Togo; 
Ukraine;  Uruguay  
 
 
                                                
24 Circulated on 10 February 2014, 26 November 2014, 20 January 2016 and 31 October 2016.  G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
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  PART C – INTERNATIONAL FOOD A ID 
40.   This part relates to  the information on international food aid provi ded by Members which is  
contai ned in document G/AG/W/125 /Rev.8 /Add.3 . 
41.   Document G/AG/W/125/ Rev.8 /Add.3  updates document G/AG/W/125/Rev.7 /Add.3 . 
It incorporates information contained in Table  ES:1 and ES:3 noti fications as well as replies by 
Members to the third  section of the questionnaire on Food Aid  up to 23 April 2018. In the absence 
of a reply to the questionnaire  or new notification by a Member , the information contained in 
document G/AG/W/125/Rev.7 /Add.3  has been left unchanged.  
42.   The information relative t o food aid contained in Table  NF:1 notifications, which is specific to 
certain group of destination count ries, is not incorporated in  document G/AG/W/125 /Rev.8 /Add.3. 
43.   The following column headings are use d to report data contained in Table ES:1 notifications:  
REF The last digit or the two last digits of the r eference number (Export 
Subsidy  ID – XSID) used in the Consolidated Tariff Schedules database  (CTS) to 
identify each export subsidy reduction commitme nt; 
PRODUCT  The product or group of products as specified in the Members' schedules;  
UNIT  The quantity unit used in the notification ; and 
1995… 2016  For each year, the notified quantity.  
44.   The following column headings are used to report data contained in Table  ES:3 
notifications :25 
PRODUCT  The product or group of products as indicated in the Member's notification;  
UNIT  The quantity unit used in the notification ; and 
1995…2 016 For each year, the notified quantity.  
45.   The addition al information provided in the  replies by Members to the third section of the 
questionnaire on Food Aid  was inserted before the tables reflecting  ES:1 and/or 
ES:3 notifications.  
Members who replied to the previous questionnaire s26 Members w ho replied to the questionnaire  
circulated on 16 Novem ber 2017 
Australia ; Brazil ; Canada ; China ; Cuba; 
European  Union ; Iceland;  Indonesia; Japan ; 
New Zealand ; Norway; Russian  Federation ; 
South  Africa ; Switzerland ; Chinese  Taipei ; Thailand ; 
Turkey; United  States ; Viet Nam Australia; Brazil; Canada; European Union; Japan; 
New Zealand; Norway; Russian  Federation; 
Switzerland; Turkey; United States  
46.   In addition, the following Members indicated in their replies to the questionnaires that they 
do not provide international food aid.  
Members with nil reply to the previous questionnaire s27 Members with nil reply to the questionnaire  
circulated on 16 Novem ber 2017 
Albania; Argentina; Chile; Colombia; Costa  Rica; 
Côte d'Ivoire; Dominican Republic ; Ecuador; Fiji; 
Georgia; Guatemala; Honduras; Hong Kong,  China; 
Israel; Jamaica; Jordan; Liechtenstein; Macao,  China; 
Madagascar; Malaysia;  Montenegro;  Mauritius; 
Moldova,  Republic  of; Panama; Paraguay ; Peru;  
Philippines ; Seychelles;  Singapore ; Thailand;  
Trinidad and Tobago;  Ukraine;  Uruguay  Costa Rica; Ecuador; Hong Kong China;  Israel; 
Liechtenstein; Macao,  China; Mauritius; Mexico; 
Panama; Peru; Singapore ; Togo; Ukraine; 
Uruguay   
 
                                                
25 In the case of Japan, an additional column heading entitled "destination" was added to reflect the 
notification practice followed by this Member.  
26 Circulated on 10 February 2014, 26 November 2014, 20 January 2016 and 31 October 2016.  G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
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  PART D – AGRICULTURAL EXPORTI NG STATE TRADING ENT ERPRISES27 
47.   This part relates to  the information on agricultural exporting State Trading Enterprises (STEs)  
which is contained in document G/AG/W/125 /Rev.8 /Add.4. 
48.   Document G/AG/W/125/ Rev.8 /Add. 4 updates document G/AG/W/125/Rev.7 /Add. 4. 
It incorporates the replies by Members to the fourth  section  of the questionnaire on Agriculture 
Exporting State Trading Enterprises  up to 23 April 2018. 
49.   In addition, consistent with the practice followed since 2013, the Secretariat looked whether 
STEs covering totally or partially agricultural products were contained in the notifications  
submitted by Members between 30 June  2017 (cut-off date for the document 
G/AG/W/125/ Rev.7 /Add.4 ) and 23 April 2018, pursuant to Article  XVII:4(a) of the GATT  1994 and 
Paragraph  1 of the Understanding on the interpretation of Article  XVII under the auspices of the 
Working Party on State Trading Enterprises .28 
50.   Based on the information contained in these notifications, the Secretariat verified with the 
Members concerned whether some of these STEs ought to be considered as agricult ural exporting 
STEs in the context of this compilation of information by the Secretariat and whether some of the 
information contained in these notifications ought to be incorpora ted in document 
G/AG/W/125/ Rev.8 /Add.4 . 
51.   For the purpose of this verification exercise, agricultural exporting STEs were understood as 
"governmental and non -governmental enterprises, including marketing boards, which have been 
granted exclusive or special rights or privileges, including statutory or constitutional powers, in the 
exercise of which they influence through their purchases or sales the level or direction of [ imports 
or] exports ", following the working definition of paragraph 1 of the Understanding on the 
interpretation of Article XVII.  
52.   As a result of this process, documen t G/AG/W/125/ Rev.8 /Add.4  includes the information on 
agricultural exporting STEs contained in document G/AG/W/125/Rev.7 /Add.4 , as updated by the 
additional information received from  Australia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Israel,  New Zealand and 
Ukraine . In the absence of a reply to the questionnaire or modification following a new notification 
by a Member, the information contai ned in document G/AG/W/125/Rev.7 /Add.4  has been left 
unchanged.  
                                                
27 This compilation of information should in no way be considered to substitute or interfere with the 
rights and obligations under the normal notification process in the framework of the Working Group on 
State  Trading Enterprises.  
28 According to available information, the updated list of Members having notified such STEs covering 
totally or partially agricultural products in their latest notification to the Working Party on State Trading 
Enterprises is: Australia (G /STR/N/16/AUS/Suppl.1); Barbados (G/STR/N/16/BRB); Brazil (G/STR/N/3/BRA); 
Cabo Verde (G/STR/N/13/CPV); Canada (G/STR/N/16/CAN); Chile  (G/STR/N/16/CHL); China 
(G/STR/N/10/CHN, G/STR/N/11/CHN, G/STR/N/12/CHN, G/STR/N/13/CHN, G/STR/N/14/CHN, 
G/STR/N/15/CHN);  Colombia (G/STR/N/16/COL); Costa Rica (G/STR/N/16/CRI); Dominica (G/STR/N/4/DMA, 
G/STR/N/5/DMA, G/STR/N/6/DMA); Ecuador (G/STR/N /15/ECU); European  Union  (G/STR/N/16/EU and 
G/STR/N/16/EU/Add.1); Fiji (G/STR/N/4/FJI); Grenada (G/STR/N/13/GRD); Iceland (G/ST R/N/16/ISL, 
G/STR/N/17/ISL) ; India (G/STR/N/14/IND); Indonesia (G/STR/N/16/IDN); Israel (G/STR/N/16/ISR); Japan 
(G/STR/N/16/JPN); Jordan (G/STR/N/9/JOR); Korea,  Republic of (G/STR/N/16/KOR); Malaysia 
(G/STR/N/16/MYS); Mali (G/STR/N/16/MLI); Mauritius (G/ST R/N/16/MUS); New  Zealand (G/STR/N/16/NZL); 
Oman (notification of an  entity not considered by Oman as being a state trading enterprise according to article 
XVII of  GATTT  1994 and the Understanding on interpretation of Article  XVII – G/STR/N/10/OMN, 
G/STR/N/ 11/OMN, G/STR/N/12/OMN, G/STR/N/13/OMN, G/STR/N/14/OMN, G/STR/N/15/OMN); Philippines 
(G/STR/N/4/PHL, G/STR/N/5/PHL, G/STR/N/6/PHL, G/STR/N/7/PHL); Saint  Vincent and the Grenadines 
(G/STR/N/4/VCT, G/STR/N/5/VCT, G/STR/N/6/VCT); Switzerland (G/STR/N/16/CHE);  Separate Customs 
Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (G/STR/N/16/TPKM); Thailand (G/STR/N/15/THA); 
Trinidad  and Tobago (G/STR/N/12/TTO, G/STR/N/13/TTO); Tunisia (G/STR/N/15/TUN and 
G/STR/N/15/TUN/Suppl.1 , G/STR/N/16/TUN and G/STR/N/16/TUN/Suppl. 1); Ukraine (G/STR/N/16/UKR); the 
United States (G/STR/N/16/USA/Rev.2) and Viet  Nam (G/STR/N/15/VNM, G/STR/16/VNM).  G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
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  53.   The following Members indicated in their replies to the question naire the absence of any such 
agricultural exporting STEs:  
Members with  nil reply to the previous questionnaire s29 Members with nil reply to the questionnaire 
circulated on 16 Novem ber 2017 
Albania; Argentina; Brazil; Chile; Côte d'Ivoire;  
Dominican Republic;  European  Union; Fiji; Georgia; 
Guatemala;  Honduras;  Hong Kong,  China; Iceland;  
Jamaica; Japan; Jordan; Liechtenstein; Macao, China; 
Madagascar; Malaysia;  Mauritius;  Montenegro; Norway; 
Oman; Panama; Pakistan; Paraguay; Peru; Philippine s; 
Russian  Federation; Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of; 
Seychelles;  Singapore; South  Africa; Switzerland; 
Chinese  Taipei ; Thailan d; Trinidad  and Tobago30; 
Turkey; the United  States ; Uruguay; Viet Nam  Brazil; Canada31; European Union; Hong Kong , 
China; Japan; Liechtenstein; Macao,  China; 
Mauritius; Norway;  Mexico; Panama; Peru; 
Russian  Federation; Singapore ; Switzerland ; Togo; 
Turkey; United States ; Uruguay   
 
54.   As a result, 15 out of the 164 WTO Members  have notified  or reported in their reply  to the 
questionnaire  a total of 59 agricultural exporting STEs according to the methodology described 
above . These Members are listed in Table 6  below.  
Table 6 – Number of agricultural exporting STE s per Member  
Member  Number of  agricultural exporting STE s 
Australia  1 
China  26 
Colombia  4 
Costa Rica  1 
Dominica  1 
Ecuador  1 
Fiji 1 
Grenada  1 
India 14 
Indonesia  1 
Israel  3 
Moldova, Republic of  1 
New Zealand  1 
Tunisia  2 
Ukraine  1 
 
55.   In Table 7 , the identified agricultural exporting STEs are classified for illustration purposes by 
product grouping based on the same groupings as in Table 1 of Part A on Export Subsidies , subject 
to an additional presentational adjustment consisting in merging of whea t and wheat flour, coarse 
grains and rice groups (shown in bold in Table  7). 
56.   In case an agricultural expor ting STE covers  a group of products belonging to more than one 
of the  other product groupings, it is  classified under the "all agricultural products" product 
group ing. 
                                                
29 Circulated on 10 February  2014, 26 November 2014,  20 January 2016  and 31 October 2016.  
30 As indicated in Trinidad and Tobago's reply to th e questionnaire circulated on 31 October 2016: 
"Previously, the Cocoa and Coffee Industry Board  (CCIB) was the only operating Agricultural Exporting State 
Trading Enterprise. In October 2013, the Cabinet of Trinidad and Tobago  repealed the CCIB Act and the  Cocoa 
Development Company of Trinidad and Tobago  (CDCTT) was incorporated as a Wholly Owned State Enterprise 
under the Companies Act, 1995 of Trinidad and Tobago. The CDCTT will operate more as a facilitator  to cocoa 
producers in their production and mark eting of cocoa, nationally and internationally ." 
31 As indicated in Canada's reply: " On July 30, 2015 the CWB was commercialized and became G3 
Canada Limited a private company. G3 Canada Limited is a fully independent commercial entity and has no 
exclusive control over marketing of any grain. Hence, G3 Canada Limited does not constitute an STE ". G/AG/W/125/Rev.8  
 
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  Table 7 – Distribution  of agricultural exporting STE s by product grouping  
Product groupings  Number of agricultural  
exporting STEs  
Wheat and wheat flour, coarse grains and rice  5 
Oilseeds  1 
Vegetable oils  1 
Oilcakes   
Sugar  3 
Butter and butter oil   
Skim milk powder   
Cheese   
Other milk products   
Bovine meat   
Pigmeat   
Poultry meat   
Sheepmeat   
Live animals   
Eggs  
Wine 1 
Fruits and vegetables  14 
Tobacco  20 
Cotton  4 
Incorporated products   
Other agricultural products  7 
All agricultural products  3 
 
 
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