WT/TPR/M/370  
WT/TPR/M/371  
8 August 2018  
(18-5017) Page: 1/50 
Trade Policy Review Body  
29 and 31 May 2018   
 
  
TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
GUINEA AND MAURITANIA  
MINUTES OF THE MEETING  
Chairperson: H.E. Mr Eloi Laourou (Benin)  
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS  BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  2 
2  OPENING STATEMENT BY  THE REPRESENTATIVES OF MAURITANIA AND 
GUINEA  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  3 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DIS CUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ................  7 
4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBER S ................................ ................................ ........................  12 
5  REPLIES BY THE REPRES ENTATIVES OF MAURITA NIA AND GUINEA AND 
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  ................................ ................................ ...............................  40 
6  CONCLUDING REMARKS B Y THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  49 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies 
provided by Guinea and Mauritania  are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/ 370/Add.1  and 
WT/TPR/M/371/Add.1 and will be available online at 
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 2 - 
 
  1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS  BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
1.1.  This second joint trade policy review of Guinea and Mauritania, the fourth for Guinea and the 
third for Mauritania, took place on 29 and 31 May 2018. The Chairperson, H.E. Mr Eloi Laourou 
(Benin), welcomed the delegation of Mauritania, headed by H.E. Ms Na ha Mint Hamdi Ould 
Mouknass, Minister of Trade, Industry and Tourism; the delegation of Guinea, led by Ms Fanta 
Cissé, Secretary General, Ministry of Trade; the other members of the delegations from 
Nouakchott and Conakry, together with their colleagues in  the two missions in Geneva; and the 
Discussant, Mr Alberto Sanz Serrano (Spain).  
1.2.  The Chairperson recalled the purpose of trade policy reviews and the main procedural aspects 
of the meeting. The reports by Guinea and Mauritania were contained in documents 
WT/TPR/G/370 and WT/TPR/G/371 and those of the WTO Secretariat in documents WT/TPR/S/370 
and WT/TPR/S/371.  
1.3.  Questions from the following delegations had been submitted in writing ahead of the 
deadline: Argentina; Brazil; Canada; China; European Union; Japan ; and United States. The 
delegations of the Republic of Korea and Thailand had submitted written questions after the 
deadline.  
1.4.  The reports drawn up for this joint review described the reforms that had helped to improve 
the economic situation in both Guinea  and Mauritania since 2011. The reforms included 
restructuring of the two countries' exchange rate regimes; tightening of their monetary policies; 
significant fiscal consolidation; improvement of communication and transport infrastructure; and 
efforts to e nhance their respective business environments. On the other hand, most of the 
concerns expressed by Members at the time of the two countries' previous joint review still stood: 
they related in particular to trade facilitation, exceeding of WTO tariff bindi ngs, notification gaps, 
and weak sectoral policies with regard to transparency, sustainability and poverty reduction.  
1.5.  Partly owing to sharp inequalities in the distribution of national wealth, poverty levels 
remained high in the two countries, both of whic h continued to rely essentially on the mining 
sector providing the largest share of export earnings.  
1.6.  Customs reform was still tentative in Guinea and Mauritania, neither of which had as yet 
ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement. Certain tariff bindings  were still being exceeded in both 
countries. In their written questions, several WTO Members wished to know what Mauritania's 
intentions were in regard to participation in ECOWAS, some of whose CET rates were appreciably 
higher than the rates currently ap plied by Mauritania to a number of food products. Neither 
country had as yet caught up with the delays in submitting notifications to the WTO.  
1.7.  At sectoral level, the prospects offered by new sources of energy were promising in terms of 
facilitating industr ial development. Members were keen to know how future regional electricity 
trade would be regulated. As regards fisheries, a sector of importance to both economies, 
Members were interested to know what measures the two countries intended to take in order t o 
combat overfishing of several fish species and to promote investment in sustainable fishing.  
1.8.  The Chairperson was convinced that the current review would provide an opportunity for 
Members to discuss all these issues, as well as other topics of interest t o them in the trade 
regimes of Guinea and Mauritania.  
  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 3 - 
 
  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY  THE REPRESENTATIVE S OF MAURITANIA (H .E. MRS NAHA 
MINT HAMDI OULD MOUK NASS ) AND GUINEA (MRS  FANTA CISSÉ ) 
H.E. MS NAHA  MINT  HAMDI  OULD  MOUKNASS  (MAURITANIA)  
2.1.  First of all, I would like to thank you, Mr  Chairperson, for the warm welcome extended to me 
and the delegation accompanying me.  
2.2.  My thanks also go to the Discussant and to WTO Members for their interest in this review of 
my country's trade policies.  
2.3.  Moreover, I wish to express my appreciation to the WTO Secretariat's Trade  Policies Review 
Division for its dynamic and constructive spirit during the preparation of the report.  
2.4.  The members of the Mauritanian delegation and I are pleased to be with you today as we 
undertake the third  review of Mauritania's trade policy.  
2.5.  Competition in international trade does not preclude solidarity between Members of our 
Organization. Mechanisms such as special and differential treatment for developing and 
least developed countries, Aid for Trade and  trade -related technical assistance bear powerful 
witness to global economic solidarity, thus providing evidence of international trade with a human 
face. 
2.6.  Speaking on behalf of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, I would like to express my country's 
deep g ratitude to all WTO Members, with particular thanks to those governments that 
demonstrated their interest in Mauritania's trade policy review by submitting advance questions 
relating to specific aspects of our economic and trade policies.  
2.7.  Lastly, special t hanks are due to all those taking part in this meeting.  
2.8.  As the previous Director -General of the WTO, Mr  Pascal Lamy, more or less predicted back 
in 2013 "Africa has changed from the land of pessimism to the land of opportunity".1 The 
opportunities that the  African States are seeking to harness indeed concern trade benefits but 
presuppose the lifting of a number of constraints.  
2.9.  Since the previous review of its trade policies held in 2011 on these very premises, 
Mauritania has been active in reducing a number  of constraints on the implementation of the 
general rules and principles of the WTO.  
2.10.   This is a most opportune moment for us to present to Members and our economic partners 
Mauritania's recent performance in enhancing political, legal and economic conditio ns conducive to 
investment and multilateral trade relations.  
2.11.   This morning's session is an excellent opportunity to apprise all our trading partners of the 
details of our country's progress in a number of areas with a view to aligning our domestic 
environme nt with the WTO's requirements.  
2.12.   Mauritania reiterates its attachment to the multilateral trading system and to the latter's 
fundamental principles, which are a point of reference in our trade policies.  
2.13.   The Director -General recently reminded us that "the WTO has a strong track record in 
helping the most vulnerable develop the tools and skills to trade. And that is what we must 
continue doing".2 
                                                
1 World Trade Organization, WTO News: Speeches – DG Pascal Lamy, speech delivered at the University 
of Nairobi on 22  May 2013. Available at: https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/sppl_e/sp pl283_e.htm . 
2 World Trade Organization, WTO News: Speeches – DG Roberto Azevêdo. Available at:  
https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/spra_e/spra146_e.htm . WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 4 - 
 
  2.14.   At the 100th Session of the Committee on Trade and Development, you yourse lf, 
Mr Chairperson, reiterated that the least developed countries would require support in their efforts 
to integrate into international trade and combat poverty.3 
2.15.   The Mauritanian Government thus takes this opportunity to pay special tribute to our 
Organization and to all the technical and financial partners for their assistance in the context of 
Aid for Trade.  
2.16.   In conclusion, I would stress that all the economic reforms implemented by Mauritania are 
part of an ongoing process of adaptation to the cha nges and demands of the international 
environment.  
2.17.   I also wish to reaffirm my country's determination to join efforts with other WTO Members 
in order to ensure that the multilateral trading system evolves in a stable, predictable and 
equitable manner benef icial to all.  
2.18.   I would remind you that we have received questions from a number of fellow countries. 
These have been dealt with and forwarded promptly, except for those from the United States, to 
which we sincerely apologize for failing to reply in a timely  fashion; this is because the questions 
need to be addressed in the most correct and realistic way. Our responses to the United States' 
questions will be sent to the Secretariat within a week at the latest.  
MS FANTA  CISSÉ  (GUINEA)  
2.19.   I have the honour today, 29 May 2018, to deliver the introductory statement for this 
opening session of the trade policy review of the Republic of Guinea, on behalf of the 
Guinean  Government and especially on behalf of Mr  Boubacar Barry, the new Minister of Trade of 
the Republic o f Guinea, recently appointed by H.E. the President of the Republic, 
Professor  Alpha  Condé.  
2.20.   I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude, and that of the delegation 
accompanying me, to Mr  Roberto Azevêdo, Director -General of the WTO, the WT O Secretariat and 
the Trade Policies Review Division for their unstinting efforts and sustained support for Guinea in 
preparing this review and the actual holding of this meeting.  
2.21.   I would also like to thank Mr  Alberto Sanz Serrano for kindly agreeing to se rve as 
the Discussant in this review.  
2.22.   Finally, thanks are due to all WTO Members, whether or not present in this room, for their 
continued interest in Guinea, not only through their attendance and active participation in this 
meeting, but also for their pe rtinent comments and questions relating to the documents provided 
to them. I also take this opportunity to apologize for all the replies still outstanding; the matter 
will be promptly addressed and the responses sent as soon as possible.  
2.23.   The Republic of Gu inea's rationale and intent in presenting its trade policies before 
the Trade  Policy Review Body of the World Trade Organization for the fourth time are underpinned 
by the belief of the Government and people of Guinea in a fairer, more transparent and incl usive 
multilateral trading system that takes into account the interests of all Members without exception.  
2.24.   As you know, in the period that followed our country's previous appearance before 
the WTO Trade Policy Review Body in 2011, the Guinean economy was se verely affected by the 
Ebola epidemic in 2014 and 2015. More than 3,000 people lost their lives in this unprecedented 
health crisis, leaving numerous orphans and bringing grief and sorrow to many Guinean 
households.  
                                                
3 H.E. Mr Eloi Laourou , Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Benin at Geneva, Les chaînes de 
valeur commerciales mondiales et le développement  (Global trade value chains and development), statement 
at the 100th Session of Committee on Trade and Development (CTD/WTO), Geneva,  24 November  2016. 
Available at: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/devel_e/eloinlauroubenin.pdf . WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 5 - 
 
  2.25.   It was not until the end of the health c risis that the Government of the Republic of Guinea 
regained momentum in implementing economic reforms, which yielded very encouraging results. 
This led to an effective resumption of economic activities and support for Guinea's process of 
integration into the regional and world economies.  
2.26.   Thanks to the unstinting efforts of the Guinean authorities, my country experienced rapid 
economic growth after the Ebola epidemic, bouncing back from the lowest levels of growth 
recorded in those two years.  
2.27.   While Guinea h as achieved positive outcomes in harmonizing its domestic trade policies and 
implementing regional regulations a great deal remains to be done in order to definitively 
overcome the serious consequences of the crises that have struck the country.  
2.28.   It is impo rtant to underscore that with the signing of the Economic Partnership Agreement 
(EPA) and the application of the ECOWAS common external tariff (CET), our countries' trade 
policies will be strongly linked to the common trade policy implemented by our subreg ional 
organization.  
2.29.   Pursuant to its new National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES) 2016 -2020, 
Guinea has undertaken major reforms in order to make the most of this new regional and 
international environment.  
2.30.   With a view to implementing the PNDES  objectives, Guinea organized a donors' round table 
in Paris in November  2017, which led to pledges of US$21  billion worth of funding.  
2.31.   Guinea is potentially rich in mining, agricultural and fisheries products, inter alia, and it also 
has attractive transpo rt and tourism opportunities. On account of its structural weaknesses, 
however, it has not yet been able to take advantage of the multiplier effects that this range of 
opportunities should generate for the domestic economy.  
2.32.   In order to bolster this potenti al, investment is needed in infrastructure, particularly for the 
rehabilitation and building of roads, the construction of storage facilities for agricultural products, 
and the elimination of black spots on the main goods transport highways.  
2.33.   In addition to  mining products, Guinea's exports include coffee, cocoa, cashew nuts, food 
crops, in particular maize, cassava and its by -products, and fruit, chiefly mangoes and pineapples. 
Thanks to its deep -water port, it could also play the role of transit country fo r the exports of 
neighbouring landlocked countries.  
2.34.   In the case of all these reforms, special emphasis is placed on quality promotion, with the 
establishment of the appropriate infrastructure to support enterprises and the population in the 
quest for quali ty. 
2.35.   All in all, it should be noted that Guinea's budget still depends heavily on revenue levied at 
the customs cordon.  
2.36.   However, structural reforms at the fiscal level are envisaged to change this tendency. The 
aim is in particular to achieve a gradual shif t towards domestic taxation.  
2.37.   In the context of Aid for Trade, Guinea, as a least developed country (LDC) which has 
experienced crises, requires special support in order to improve the value chains in its production 
systems and strengthen their economic and  transport infrastructure.  
2.38.   Particular emphasis is laid on the sustainability support phase of the Enhanced Integrated 
Framework (EIF) programme so that Guinea, which is already a beneficiary under the programme, 
can continue to implement new development pr ojects thanks to the EIF.  
2.39.   In closing, I would like to convey my sincere thanks, on behalf of the Government of 
the Republic of Guinea, to the various bilateral and multilateral partners for their technical and 
financial assistance, and voice the hope that the current WTO negotiations may resume and be WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 6 - 
 
  concluded with a view to the integration of every developing country into an inclusive economy for 
all, which genuinely leads to development and poverty reduction.   WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 7 - 
 
  3  STATEMENT BY THE DIS CUSSANT  
3.1.  Your Excellency Ms  Naha Mint Hamdi Ould Mouknass, Minister of Trade, Industry and Tourism 
of Mauritania, Ms  Fanta Cissé, Secretary General of the Ministry of Trade of Guinea, Ambassadors, 
and members of the delegations of Mauritania and Guinea, in my capac ity as Discussant I bid you 
welcome to Geneva and the WTO.  
3.2.  I hope that our discussions today and on Thursday will be interesting and rewarding. Despite 
the fact that this review is common to two Members, I will try to be brief, for, as Don  Quijote so 
rightly said to Sancho Panza, " no discourse  can please when too long".  
3.3.  If I may, I shall now address you in Spanish, which is my mother tongue.  
3.4.  Permítanme expresarme en mi lengua materna, el español.  
3.5.  I will start with Mauritania and then move on to Guinea.  
Maur itania  
3.6.  In this third review of Mauritania's trade policies , we will be looking at key 
developments since the 2011 review, focusing on those most likely to help the external sector 
boost the sustainable development of Mauritanian society.  
3.7.  First, it is neces sary to take into account the basic conditions  in this least developed 
country, with its per capita income of US$1,500 in 2014. The Mauritanian economy depends to a 
large extent on the extraction of iron ore, fishing and livestock farming, which are also k ey foreign 
trade sectors.  
3.8.  Although productivity is poor and the economy uncompetitive, economic growth  between 
2010 and 2014 was strong but not sufficiently inclusive. Despite weaker growth in 2015 -2016, 
monetary stability was maintained in those years, wi th very low rates of inflation . 
3.9.  I would like to emphasize the main structural challenges  facing Mauritania. These are 
specifically referred to as the main strategic pillars  in Mauritania's report, namely:  
 strengthening good governance (public governance);  
 enhancing the competitiveness of the economy; and  
 the social aspect, namely increasing human capital and access to basic services.  
3.10.   Good public governance , based on simple rules that apply to all citizens and a stable and 
predictable legal framework to effe ctively combat corruption, is essential to the proper provision of 
public services. Mauritania continues to face complex security issues – a critical factor where the 
proper development of economic activity is concerned.  
3.11.   It is also crucial for enterprises to enjoy an attractive and favourable business 
environment  in which to conduct their activities. This is a matter that goes beyond the requisite 
investment in production and infrastructure. It is necessary to identify those rules which, albeit 
well-intenti oned, are complicated to apply in practice, restrict economic initiative and may induce 
Mauritanians to offer their services in the informal sector. Efforts to boost such activities  by 
simplifying the tax system, the various regimes for foreign investors, and foreign exchange and 
customs procedures are unquestionably of prime importance.  
3.12.   Overall, the indicators in the Doing Business  report periodically issued by the World  Bank 
highlight very considerable challenges in all areas relating to public governance and the business 
climate. There are, however, positive signs in this respect: between 2014 and 2017, Mauritania 
climbed 26 place s in the Doing Business  ranking.  
3.13.   Along with good governance and a favourable business climate, the third basic strategic 
pillar is social development . Education, higher levels of literacy, disease control and improved 
living conditions are all key factors in enabling the benefits of economic activity, which are highly WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 8 - 
 
  concentrated in specific sectors and enterprises, to reach the population as a whole and contribute 
to economic development in the longer term.  
3.14.   After these initial considerations, I would like  to turn to matters concerning Mauritania's 
external sector . First of all, it is necessary to emphasize the difficulties in reversing the structural 
external deficit , which in some financial years exceeded 15% of GDP. The fluctuations in 
international iron -ore and gold prices are a recurrent source of instability of the  current account 
deficit. Another severely limiting structural shortcoming is the country's heavy reliance on staple 
food imports. One point worthy of mention is the progress – albeit still i nsufficient – made in 
respect of some staple crops, such as rice. A better knowledge of informal trade flows, especially 
livestock exports, would give us a more complete picture of the situation.  
3.15.   China and the European Union are the leading destinations fo r Mauritania's exports , 
dominated by minerals and fishery products, respectively. A rise in fish exports was not enough to 
compensate the decline in mining exports, so that the share of fish exports in GDP decreased 
from 51% in 2011 to 35% in 2016. Imports  are still dominated by food products and petroleum 
products, since Mauritania depends on imports for its fuel supply. While regional trade  remains 
essentially informal, there has been a surge in fish exports to West African countries, in particular 
Côte d'Ivoire and Nigeria.  
3.16.   I would also like to mention the tourism sector . Despite considerable tourism potential, 
with 720  km of coastline, protected natural parks and interesting cultural routes, no major 
progress has been made because of the lack of infrastr ucture and the feeling of insecurity in the 
region. The sector deserves special attention as a source of diversification of export activities in 
the future and as a factor of cultural cohesion and integration into the global economy.  
3.17.   At the WTO, Mauritania has bound 41% of its tariff lines , including all agricultural 
products. The ad valorem  applied tariff  comprises four rates (0%, 5%, 13% and 20%), with an 
average rate of 12.1% in 2017 (almost the same as in 2010). The highest rate of  20% applies to 
about 39% of tariff lines, essentially covering end -consumer goods. For around 11% of tariff lines, 
the applied rate exceeds the WTO maximum bound rate . 
3.18.   It should be pointed out that, in addition to the tariff, a series of charges are levie d on 
imports at the border , increasing the final burden for importers. Consumption taxes, collected 
exclusively at importation, have been raised for a large number of products. The standard VAT rate 
has also increased to 16%. Foreign goods trucks entering or transiting through Mauritania are 
taxed as well.  
3.19.   Moreover, there was a rise in export taxes  during the review period.  
3.20.   In 2017, Mauritania re -joined the Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) – 
an unquestionable sign of openness and commitmen t to economic and regional integration. It is 
set to apply the ECOWAS common external tariff (CET) as from January  2019, which would entail 
higher rates for approximately 39% of agricultural tariff lines, in particular for fruit, vegetables, 
plants, and an imal products. This might be an opportune time to streamline the range of border 
levies in order to attract trade flows currently taking place on an informal basis, without being 
declared.  
3.21.   Let us now go on to analyse two key export  sectors, i.e. mining pro ducts and fishery 
products . 
3.22.   Mining products  (iron, gold and, to a lesser extent, copper) account for between 30% and 
50% of Mauritania's exports, their share varying according to international prices. The 
State -controlled National Industrial and Mining Com pany (SNIM) produces and exports mainly iron 
ore. Foreign presence is possible in the mining sector, particularly in copper and gold extraction, 
essentially under mining agreements and often in partnership with the SNIM. In 2017, some 
60 operators were wor king under 64 exploration licences. Further efforts are needed to ensure 
that the profits  from these activities, which are highly concentrated and capital -intensive, are 
reinvested through the appropriate channels in the development of Mauritanian society as a 
whole . WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 9 - 
 
  3.23.   Fisheries account for approximately one third of exports; their share is on the rise and is not 
subject to wide fluctuations. Mauritania draws 8% of its public revenue from the sale of fishing 
licences  to foreign companies, particularly under t he agreements with the European Union and 
China. There are some 100 freezing or fresh fish -processing plants set up in the Nouadhibou free 
zone . It is important to highlight the fact that fish exports have benefited from the modernized 
services of the labo ratory of the National Office for Sanitary Inspection of Fishery and Aquaculture 
Products, accredited to international standards since March  2013.  
3.24.   Mauritania continues to face the challenge of ensuring its food security . The external 
sector should support that objective, both by generating export revenue and by securing sufficient 
imports of staple foods at affordable prices for the population. Significant progress has been made 
in rice production. Further work should be done to improve product control in o rder to boost 
exports, especially as regards meat and hides, skins and leather, where Mauritania has definite 
comparative advantages.  
3.25.   Since 2011, efforts have been made to improve services infrastructure . Extension work 
has been carried out on the port of Nouakchott. A new telecommunications  law has been 
enacted to enhance competition, and the fibre optic cable linking Mauritania to Europe is now 
operational.  
3.26.   Mauritania's participation in WTO activities  remains limited, and there is delay in the 
submission of notifications . Mauritania has not ratified or notified any commitments under the 
Trade Facilitation Agreement  – a win -win agreement for all, which contains numerous 
flexibilities to ensure better customs procedures in least developed countries. These ar e important 
matters for Mauritania, as evidenced by the fact that the country is currently investing in its 
customs procedures of its own accord.  
3.27.   I would like to close with a reference to the Diagnostic Trade Integration Study  updated 
by Mauritania in 2016 . The DTIS very appropriately points out the need to build on recent 
macroeconomic progress to break away from the current economic model based on unsustainable 
revenue from natural resources, and to adopt a strategy for inclusive green growth, based on 
fisheries, agriculture and services (including tourism). The DTIS concludes that profound changes 
in governance will be necessary in order to lift the constraints on diversification and growth.  
Guinea  
3.28.   Guinea has introduced a number of reforms since its previ ous trade policy review  in 2011. 
The 2016 -2020 National Economic and Social Development Plan  identifies four key pillars 
for the country's development, namely good governance, economic transformation, human capital, 
and natural capital. Although per capita  income doubled between 2011 and 2014, serious 
challenges remain in reducing poverty levels and narrowing the sharp inequalities in wealth 
distribution.  
3.29.   Guinea has implemented macroeconomic policies  that have enabled it to reign in the 
public deficit and l imit its monetization, and gradually bring inflation under control, which fell 
from 21% in 2011 to 8% in 2016.  
3.30.   The Guinean economy is highly exposed to the external sector . Goods and services 
trade flows accounted for 74% of GDP in 2016. Export statistics do not record informal, undeclared 
transactions. The country still runs a high external deficit (33% of GDP in 2016), which fluctuates 
widely according to the price of mining products.  
3.31.   Two exogenous events  severely affected Guinea during the review period:  
 the terrible Ebola epidemic, which had a serious impact in human terms; and  
 at the economic level, the fall in mineral export prices.  
3.32.   Mining operations  (essentially bauxite and gold) generate one sixth of GDP and 
three  quarters of the country's export rev enue. On the other hand, they make a very minor 
contribution to employment. The adoption of a new Mining Code in 2011 aims to increase the WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 10 - 
 
  transparency of mining contracts, boost public revenue and combat corruption. A noteworthy 
development is that Guinea  was declared compliant with the standards of the Extractive Industries 
Transparency Initiative (EITI) in 2014. It is essential to ensure that mining profits are reinvested 
in the social development of local communities and the country as a whole.  
3.33.   Guinea's  development potential in agriculture and fisheries  is considerable, but only 25% 
of arable land is under cultivation. Agricultural exports are concentrated in a very limited number 
of products (coffee, cocoa and cashew nuts) and have experienced some meas ure of growth, albeit 
with wide fluctuations. Poor infrastructure is an impediment to both domestic distribution and 
exports.  
3.34.   Guinea has a 300 -km long shoreline, but fishing  has been hit very hard by overfishing and 
illegal fishing. Fish stock management m easures need to be further developed.  
3.35.   Guinea's extensive water resources  are an asset in terms of hydroelectric power 
generation. Sound management of the water system could turn Guinea into a major regional 
exporter of electricity.  
3.36.   Manufacturing  is confined to a small number of enterprises that frequently require tariff 
protection and fail to generate enough exports to benefit the economy as a whole. Tourism  is 
among the services where there is significant potential for development  
3.37.   I shall now tu rn to tariff issues . The average tariff rate of 12% has remained unchanged 
since the previous review. However, Guinea has bound only 40% of its tariff lines, and for 
600 lines the applied rate exceeds the maximum bound rate. Guinea applies the ECOWAS commo n 
external tariff at ad valorem  rates of zero, 5%, 10%, 20% and 35%.  
3.38.   Worthy of note are the high rates that have traditionally applied to some staple food 
products , such as flour, products of animal origin, fruit and vegetables. Food security does not 
depend only on domestic production but also on the ability to import at affordable prices. In this 
connection, it should be mentioned that innovations were introduced by the ECOWAS tariff, applied 
as of 2017, which corrects some of the anomalies that directly affected the cost of food.  
3.39.   Apart from ordinary customs duties, there are many non-tariff levies  on imports as well as 
numerous customs fees and internal taxes at the border.  
3.40.   Guinea has not yet ratified the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement , nor has it yet n otified 
which commitments it might be in a position to undertake. On the domestic front, however, 
in 2015 the authorities adopted a new Customs Code, which provides for the electronic processing 
of certain documents. The IT system is undergoing changes, an d the average stay of goods in 
customs has been reduced, once all the documents have been produced, from seven days in 2011 
to three  days in 2017. Efforts are also being made to apply risk analysis techniques and electronic 
management of all types of admin istrative procedure. In other words, this determination at 
domestic level to improve customs procedures should lead to a systematic and comprehensive 
effort to enhance the system, as would be the case if the Trade Facilitation Agreement were to be 
implemen ted. I believe that this review is a good opportunity to give thought to the matter.  
3.41.   On the financial side, I would like to emphasize that reform of the exchange system  has 
helped to considerably reduce the black market exchange premium. On the other hand,  there are 
still specific requirements to repatriate export earnings, which may discourage exporting through 
formal channels.  
3.42.   The new 2015 Investment  Code aims to promote investment by streamlining procedures 
and creating a single window, although many dif ferent incentive schemes remain in effect. 
Public -private partnerships  are also being introduced, and the privatization  of some 
15 State -owned enterprises is being encouraged. Although this goes without saying, it should be 
remembered that the best incenti ves for investment are institutional stability, the fight against 
corruption and good governance in general.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 11 - 
 
  3.43.   I would also point out that the government procurement  regime, with its complex 
institutional framework, largely relies on the award of contracts b y direct negotiation.  
3.44.   There has been a surge in trade in services . On the other hand, further investment is 
needed in transport infrastructure so that transport services can fulfil their role in the country's 
development. Following the adoption of the text s implementing the 2017 Public -Private Partnership 
Law, more financing may be available for the modernization of the physical infrastructure and 
administration of the port of Conakry , whose obsolescence directly affects international and 
regional trade.  
3.45.   In a very positive development, progress has been made in terms of access to mobile 
telephony  and mobile -based payment systems , with the ensuing access to services thus far 
restricted to the banking system. This is a source of dynamism that should be protect ed and 
encouraged.  
3.46.   I shall conclude by mentioning the increase in Guinea's participation in WTO technical 
assistance  activities during the period under review. Greater involvement necessarily implies 
being up to date with the payment any outstanding contri butions and a resumption of notifications. 
More active participation in the Organization should, of course, go hand in hand with stronger 
involvement in any type of aid -for-trade programme run by the WTO or by other institutions.  
  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 12 - 
 
  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBER S 
CANADA  
4.1.  Canada is pleased to take part in the trade policy reviews of Mauritania and Guinea. We join 
other WTO Members in welcoming the two delegations to Geneva, and thank them for their 
contributions.  
Mauritania  
4.2.  Canada commends Mauritania for achieving, since its previous trade policy review in  2011, 
four consecutive years of economic growth at 5 -6% per year, driven in particular by major public 
investment in a new airport, the extension of the port of Nouakchott, and road infrastructure. 
Moreover, in spi te of a sharp fall in world iron -ore prices in 2015, the most recent data from 
the International Monetary Fund indicate that Mauritania experienced real GDP growth of 3.2% 
in 2017.  
4.3.  Canada welcomes such performance and underscores the measures adopted by th e 
authorities to enhance the business climate and diversify the national economy, inter alia by 
implementing the 2016 -2030 Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Shared Prosperity. Canada also 
commends Mauritania for maintaining macroeconomic stability, espec ially by eliminating most of 
its subsidies for energy consumption, purging the government payroll and rationalizing tax 
exemptions.  
4.4.  Canada also congratulates Mauritania for its major efforts in enhancing the business climate. 
According to the World Bank's Doing Business  Report 2018, Mauritania has progressed in terms of 
business regulation since 2010, jumping from 165th to 150th place out of 190 countries.  
4.5.  According to the report by the World Economic Forum, however, Mauritania's performance in 
terms of com petitiveness leaves much to be desired (133rd out of 137  countries reviewed 
in 2017-2018). Canada encourages Mauritania to try and address the main obstacles to doing 
business in the country, for example by improving access to financing and cutting red tap e. 
4.6.  We take this opportunity to express Canada's interest in resuming talks with a view to 
concluding a foreign investment promotion and protection agreement, which would spell progress 
in deepening our relations and serve as a driving force for prosperity within our respective 
societies.  
Guinea  
4.7.  Canada and Guinea have well -established trade relations and growth prospects are 
promising. Canadian investment in the extractive sector is one of the key economic levers in 
support of our trade.  
4.8.  Canada congratulates  Guinea for the reforms undertaken over the period covered by its 
fourth  trade policy review, which have contributed to improving the country's economic situation. 
In addition to having a wealth of natural resources, Guinea has created a positive momentum for 
reform underpinned by Guinea Vision 2040 and the 2016 -2020 National Economic and Social 
Development Plan. The adoption of a new Mining Code, the implementation of targeted measures 
in the agricultural sector and the revival of hydroelectric power produ ction have helped to enhance 
the attractiveness of the Guinean economy and will boost its diversification over the coming 
decades.  
4.9.  As regards ease of doing business, Guinea rose by ten points in the Doing Business 
Report  2018, ranking 153rd out of 190 coun tries. We welcome this improvement  
4.10.   On the other hand, we note that despite the resumption of growth, projected at 6.2% 
in 2018, advances on the social development front, particularly in reducing poverty and 
inequalities and in increasing social protection,  remain limited. Canada encourages Guinea to 
pursue its efforts to generate more inclusive growth, especially in rural areas where women and WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 13 - 
 
  girls should have the means to realize their full potential; this will benefit their families and boost 
economic gr owth in their local communities.  
4.11.   In this connection, we welcome the agreement reached this past April by Guinea and 
the IMF on the first review of the economic policy and reform programme supported by 
a three -year arrangement under the Extended Credit Faci lity, which aims to promote more 
inclusive growth and reduce poverty while preserving macroeconomic stability.  
4.12.   We also believe that in order to succeed, Guinea should continue to develop its human 
capital in order to respond more effectively to labour mark et needs.  
4.13.   In conclusion, we will continue to encourage respect for and the use of international 
institutions to promote good governance and transparency in the world of business and 
international trade. We wish the delegations of Mauritania and Guinea ever y success in this trade 
policy review and in their current reform endeavours. We shall follow with interest your ongoing 
integration into the global economic system.  
CHINA  
4.14.   China is very pleased to note the recovery of the Guinean economy after the shock ca used 
by the Ebola epidemic, with real GDP growth estimated at 6.6% in 2016 and 6.7% in 2017. In the 
same period, the introduction of the Trade Policy Action Programme and the implementation of 
measures aimed at reforming various sectors helped to revive ec onomic growth, reduce poverty 
and increase employment opportunities. We encourage Guinea to further optimize its economy and 
achieve greater export diversification.  
4.15.   At the bilateral level, China is Guinea's second largest trading partner, with a volume of 
trade worth US$2.67  billion in 2017. China's cumulative investment in Guinea amounted to around 
US$2.3  billion in that same year. There is mutually beneficial Sino -Guinean cooperation in many 
areas such as agriculture, mining, electricity, infrastructure c onstruction and industrial processing, 
which has strongly contributed to economic growth, increased employment and boosted export 
development.  
4.16.   We congratulate Mauritania for maintaining a 5 -6% annual economic growth rate between 
2011 and 2016, and for the ongoing reform measures to facilitate trade liberalization. We hope 
that Mauritania will continue to implement its Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Shared 
Prosperity (SCAPP) 2016 -2030 in order to achieve its objectives of strong economic growth and 
more effective poverty reduction with a view to sustainable development.  
4.17.   At the bilateral level, as Mauritania's second largest trading partner China accounted for 
US$1.65  billion worth of bilateral trade in 2017, and Chinese investment in Mauritania amounted 
to US$270  million in that same year. China is committed to extending its win -win cooperation with 
Mauritania in sectors such as the maritime economy, light manufacturing, mining, and 
constructions materials, in order to help the country enhance its capacit y for self -development, 
expand its economy, improve the labour market, and increase exports.  
4.18.   China admires the contribution made by Guinea and Mauritania to the multilateral trading 
system, the more so because Guinea co -sponsored the MC11 Joint Ministerial  Statement on 
Investment Facilitation and Mauritania plays an active role in the Friends of Investment Facilitation 
for Development group. In order to learn more about developments in the two countries, China 
has submitted questions relating to their respe ctive trade measures and would appreciate 
receiving replies in due course.  
4.19.   China and Africa have a time -honoured friendship. As a good friend and fellow country, and 
in the spirit of friendship, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusion advocated by Presiden t Xi Jinping, 
China is continuing to strengthen its mutual cooperation with Guinea and Mauritania in many 
areas, such as trade and investment, so that they can build their capacities for sustainable 
eco-social development.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 14 - 
 
  4.20.   China has decided to organize the  Beijing Summit of the Forum  on China -Africa 
Cooperation,  to be held this coming September, and has invited the African members, including 
Guinea and Mauritania, to take part, with a view to deepening the global strategic partnership 
between China and Africa, jointly driving the Belt and Road Initiative forward and building a 
human destiny community aimed at instilling positive energy into peace, stability and global 
development.  
4.21.   Today, unilateralism and protectionism are serious challenges facing the World Trade 
Organization. We urge all Members to work together  to safeguard the multilateral trading system 
and defend its fundamental principles.  
4.22.   Lastly, I wish this review meeting every success.  
EUROPEAN  UNION   
4.23.   The European Union (EU) notes that both Guinea and Mauritania have made considerable 
progress since 2011.  
4.24.   During the period under review, Mauritania recorded steady economic growth (between 
2011 and 2014), driven by high world prices for its main export products. After 2014, it succeeded 
in maintaining relative macroeconomic stability in spite of the fall in international iron -ore prices, 
which deepened the budget deficit. The authorities responded rapidly with fiscal rebalancing 
measures in 2016, eliminating certain subsidies for the consumption of diesel, butane gas and 
electricity, purging the government pa yroll and rationalizing tax exemptions.  
4.25.   Guinea introduced structural reforms to improve its business climate, in particular with the 
adoption of a new Investment Code and a new Mining Code, and investments that enabled the 
country to revive its hydroelectr ic power production. Economic activities picked up, and annual 
GDP growth rose to over 5% in 2011 and 2012, before gradually subsiding to 3.5% in 2015 owing 
to problems in the mining sector and the Ebola epidemic. With the end of the epidemic in  2016, 
mining activities resumed, and Guinea recorded economic growth of 6.6% in 2017.  
4.26.   The growth forecast for both countries could be improved, particularly by establishing active 
socio-economic development policies, strengthening good governance, and combating frau d and 
corruption. The EU notes the measures taken by the two countries to diversify their economies, 
but is of the view that the efforts made hitherto are inadequate and should be stepped up. The EU 
urges both countries to continue with their reforms to en hance the business environment.  
4.27.   As regards development cooperation in general, the EU has important relations with Guinea 
and Mauritania. Under the 10th and 11th European Development Fund for 2007 -2013 and 
2014-2020, the EU supports, inter alia, healthcare  improvement in the two countries.  
4.28.   With regard to trade, the EU remains the largest trading partner of Guinea and Mauritania, 
which, as least developed countries (LDCs), enjoy duty - and quota -free access to the EU market 
under the "Everything but Arms" sch eme. 
4.29.   Both countries have also been involved in the negotiations on the Economic Partnership 
Agreement (EPA) between the EU and 16 West African countries. Together with 12 other countries 
of the region, Guinea signed this regional EPA with the EU in Decembe r 2014. When it entered into 
an association agreement with the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) 
in August  2017, Mauritania reaffirmed its interest in the EU -West Africa EPA.  
4.30.   The EU encourages Mauritania and Guinea to further deepen their regional economic 
integration and to join in the work of ECOWAS. In order for businesses, especially small and 
medium businesses, to benefit from an integrated regional market, it is crucial that the 
two countries also undertake ambitious domestic reforms to thoroughly and sustainably improve 
the business climate.  
4.31.   At the multilateral level, the EU invites Guinea and Mauritania to ratify the Trade Facilitation 
Agreement and to work on preparing their Category B and C commitments. The EU notes the WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 15 - 
 
  modernizati on of customs administration following the introduction of the ASYCUDA WORLD 
automated customs system in Mauritania in 2016 and in Guinea in 2017. We encourage both 
countries to take this process further.  
4.32.   We also invite the two countries to pursue their ef forts to notify their trade policy measures 
to the WTO, including those relating to technical barriers to trade and domestic support for 
agricultural production.  
4.33.   As regards intellectual property rights, the EU encourages Guinea and Mauritania to ratify 
the Protocol amending the TRIPS Agreement.  
4.34.   The EU has submitted a few questions to Guinea and Mauritania. Of particular interest to us 
are the publication of the 2017 Customs Code (in the case of Mauritania), government 
procurement legislation (in the case of  Guinea), and the energy sector reforms.  
4.35.   On behalf of the EU, I welcome this constructive exchange of views and wish Guinea and 
Mauritania every success throughout this review of their trade policies.  
BRAZIL  
4.36.   Brazil commends Guinea for the measures adopted under the National Economic and Social 
Development Plan (PNDES)  that have impacted positively the national economy, and contributed 
to improvements on several indicators, such as the reduction of inflation, the downward trend on 
unemployment rate and the G DP growth of 6.6% in 2016.  
4.37.   Regarding trade, Brazil notes the strong growth of meat imports in recent years, but regrets 
the sharp increase in the corresponding customs duties - from 20% in 2011 to an average of 35% 
in 2017 – as a result of the adoption of  the ECOWAS Common External Tariff. An added matter of 
concern derives from high levels of informality in the local economy: as a result, the value added 
tax is collected mostly on imported meat, creating a de facto discrimination between local and 
importe d products.  
4.38.   Bilateral trade relations are very modest but have potential for growth. Brazilian exports to 
Guinea are basically made up of sugar and poultry while imports are mainly composed of bauxite, 
natural rubber and methanol. There are certainly opportunities for diversification.  
4.39.   As for Mauritania, Brazil comm ends the measures taken by the G overnment with the aim of 
maintaining macroeconomic stability, reducing inflation, encouraging private investment, and 
stimulating investment in the economy. We also note improvements in the country 's 
infrastructure, including the construction of a new international airport, the expansion of the Port 
of Nouakchott and the cons truction of 4.000 km of roads.  
4.40.   On the trade front, we note that more than 10% of tarif fs are applied at a level high er than 
that bound in the WTO. Also, Mauritania seems to discriminate between national and imported 
goods. Specifically in the case of sugar, a product of high importance to Brazil, a consumption tax 
of 7.5% is levied on impor ts of lump and powdered sugar, while the local products are exempt.  
4.41.   The bilateral trade flows are equally modest but can grow. In recent years, exports included 
mostly sugar, wheat and electrical appliances, and three EMBRAER aircraft. Imports, on their p art, 
varied from year to year, including telephone sets and ovine skins. Our two countries can explore 
additional opportunities for diversification.  
4.42.   Let me conclude by wishing the delegations of Guinea and Mauritania a successful Trade 
Policy Review.  
UNITED STATES  
4.43.   Both Guinea and Mauritania have faced challenges over the review period caused by the 
global decline in commodity prices earlier this decade, and Guinea also had to deal with the 
scourg e of the Ebola epidemic. We are pleased to see that both have  rebounded and are on a WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 16 - 
 
  traject ory of steady economic growth. Both G overnments have worked to move up in the World 
Bank Ease of Doing Business rankings, undertaking reforms in a number of areas such as 
streamlining customs procedures.  However, neither gov ernment has ratified the WTO Trade 
Facilitation Agreement nor have they submitted Cate gory A, B, or C notifications. The TFA provides 
for fundamental customs reforms that can spur trade flows, which in turn encourages investment. 
We urge both G overnments t o follow through in order to reap those advantages.  
4.44.   We see some similarities in the issues and experiences reflected in the two countries ' 
reviews. Guinea is participating in the common external tariff of the Economic Community of West 
African States, or E COWAS, as Mauritania has committed to do so as part of its Asso ciation 
Agreement with ECOWAS. We strongly support deeper regional integration among African nations, 
given the importance and benefits of achieving greater s cale through such cooperation. Our 
companies have indicated that such initiatives make the region a more attractive pl ace to invest 
and do business. We note that both Guinea and Mauritania have only bound a low percentage of 
their tariff lines in the WTO, which contributes to an enviro nment  of business uncertainty. Also, as 
the Secretariat has noted, the countries are applying numerous customs duties that exceed their 
bound rates. In addition, both governments are applying other duties and charges in co ntravention 
of their bindings. We look to the G overnments to remedy this situation and suggest they work with 
the S ecretariat as needed to do so. We also look forward to learning details on how the countries 
will implement the Kigali Decision, and encourage the use of non -trade measures to fund African 
Union activities. It is the view of the United States that excessive reliance on imports as a source 
of government and administrative revenue can choke off trade, investment, and development.  
4.45.   Both governments have ratif ied a number of WIPO treatie s. We understand Mauritania has 
ratified the 2015 Bangui Agreement and enco urage Guinea to do so as well. We call on both 
governments to notify the WTO of their legislation on intellectual property rights, to ratify the 
Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreemen t, and to designate a contact point under Arti cle 69 of the 
TRIPS Agreement. We would also ask both Governments to consider ways to improve enforcement 
of intellectual property rights domestically, such as through increasing public awareness and 
improving border controls.  
4.46.   The notification requirements of the WTO serve an important function in promoting 
transparency, which in turn fosters a more  hospitable investment climate.  The Secretariat noted 
that Guinea has never submitted a notification on import lice nsing even though the government of 
Guinea subjects all merchandise imports to an automatic lic ense for statistical purposes. The 
Guinean government could remedy this by submitting its Annual Questionnaire Notification to the 
Import Licensing Committee.  
4.47.   The Government of Mauritania has failed to notify almost anything pursuant to its WTO 
obligations for the last 16 years, including with respect to import licensing, technical standards, 
agriculture, state trading enterpri ses, and intellectual property.  Secre tariat capacity building 
training would help remediate the situation, but Mauritania is not eligible due to its arrears in its 
member ship contributions to the WTO. We can appreciate that Mauritania is resource -constrained 
but the return on investment from fuller participation in the WTO could be significant for the 
country. Meeting the WTO 's transparency requirements should be a fundamental part of 
Mauritania 's strategy to become a more attractive place to invest and do business.  
4.48.   The Secretariat report makes brief mention of Mauritania strengthening a law  criminalizing 
"bonded labor. " While this was a positive development, my G overnment , along with a number of 
other G overnments and international organizations, has indicated to the Mauritanian government 
that it needs to make  further reforms in this area. There is no place for modern slavery in the 21st 
century.  
4.49.   In closing, the United States wishes to acknowledge the advances and reforms made by 
both the Mauritanian and Guinean G overnments during the revie w period notwiths tanding a 
number of challenges.  We commend their efforts at deeper integration with the West African 
region and w ithin the Continent as a whole.  As we have noted, much work remains, such as in 
meeting their transparency commitments in the WTO and in meeting their obligations re lating to 
WTO tariff bindings. We look forward to working with  them on these and other areas.  Finally, we 
offer Guinea and Mauritania our best wishes for a successful TPR.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 17 - 
 
  ARGENTINA  
4.50.   The Argentine Republic notes that G uinea introduced reforms during the review period that 
helped to improve its economic situation. Among the points worthy of emphasis are the adoption 
of a new Mining Code, the implementation of targeted measures in the agricultural sector, and the 
revival of hydroelectric power production. Guinea also succeeded in bringing the inflation rate 
down from 21% in 2011 to 8% in 2016.  
4.51.   We would further emphasize that since 2011 Guinea has undertaken various reforms to 
improve the country's business climate. We hope  that the adoption of a new Investment Code will 
streamline and facilitate formalities thanks to the new single window mechanism.  
4.52.   On the other hand, Argentina is somewhat concerned that the contribution of fisheries to the 
Guinean economy has significantly  diminished since 2011, owing in particular to overfishing of 
several fish species, structural weaknesses, and a lack of investment in sustainable fisheries. We 
trust that this review of Guinea's trade policies will help to clarify this issue and other poi nts of 
interest to Members.  
4.53.   Trade relations have been strengthened in recent years. In 2017, total bilateral trade 
reached US$15.9  million. Argentine exports to Guinea rose by 14.4% in that year, and Argentina 
imported US$15.2  million worth of liquid natur al gas from Guinea. We hope that trade between our 
countries will continue to increase.  
4.54.   As regards Mauritania's trade policy review, we highlight the country's steady annual growth 
at 5-6% since 2011. Despite the decline in world iron -ore prices, Mauritani a managed to maintain 
a certain macroeconomic stability, narrow the budget deficit by almost 3 percentage points in 
two years, and bring inflation down to less than half over the period 2011 -2017.  
4.55.   Argentina also notes that Mauritania has modernized and sim plified its goods import and 
export mechanism since 2011. Customs clearance times have been reduced thanks to the adoption 
of the ASYCUDA WORLD automated customs system in January  2016. That same year also saw 
the simplification of procedures for the banki ng domiciliation of imports and exports.  
4.56.   Turning to agricultural matters, Argentina is paying close attention to the application of 
higher bound rates to certain products, such as coffee, tea, maté, spices, cereals, alcoholic 
beverages and tobacco products . We are especially concerned about the implementation of the 
common external tariff of the Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS), set 
for 2019; this would lead to increases for close to 40% of agricultural tariff lines.  
4.57.   Bilateral trade wit h Mauritania is marked by strong fluctuations, especially where Argentine 
exports are concerned. There were peaks of US$37.6  million in 2012, for example, followed by a 
low point of US$738,000 in 2015. We are confident that the coming years will bring a su stained 
increase in bilateral trade between Argentina and Mauritania.  
4.58.   Lastly, while reiterating our appreciation of this renewed opportunity to exchange 
information and comments on the trade policies and practices of Guinea and Mauritania, we would 
like to  draw attention once again to the importance of this exercise in transparency (for which we 
have submitted questions to both Members) from every point of view, and to wish the Guinean 
and Mauritanian authorities a successful conclusion to this review.  
JAPAN 
Guinea  
General affairs  
4.59.   According to the S ecretariat report, during the review period, Guinea introduced various 
initiatives to improve the economic situation which resulted in a steady growth in GDP. Although, 
in 2015, the Ebola outbreak caused brought a bout severe socio -economic damage to Guinea, the 
country established the Post -Ebola Recovery (Emergency) Plan and the Economic and Social WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 18 - 
 
  Development National Plan (2016 -2020) and, based on those national strategies, is now making 
efforts to promote its ec onomy, particularly taking advantage of its abundant natural resources.  
Trade policies  
4.60.   Now let me briefly touch upon its trade policies . According to the Secretariat r eport, during 
the review period, Guinea 's activities in the WTO, in particular through pa rticipation in technical 
assistance activities, have significantly increased. With regard to maintaining its trade policies 
transparent, although the number of notifications is still not enough, we have seen improvement 
which Japan commends.  
Customs duties  
4.61.   With regard to the tariff rate, Japan is concerned with its tariff escalation, which results in 
high tariff rates on final products. In addition, we are also concerned with its complicated tariff 
system which is likely to discourage our exporters and impo rters to develop trade between Guinea 
and Japan. Hence, we urge Guinea to take measures which enhance transparency in its tariff 
system, for example, by distributing materials clearly, it explains the system to importers and 
exporters.  
4.62.   Moreover, we are con cerned with the fact that the applied rates exceed the bound rates on 
about 600 tariff lines. We would like to request Guinea to elaborate how Guinea plans to improve 
this situation in the future.  
Other issues  
4.63.   In general, Japan positively evaluates the pro gress in the computerization of customs 
procedures. However, if you see in detail, there still remain cases where a detailed customs 
declaration is required together with a whole range of documents. We would like to encourage 
Guinea to continue its efforts  on improving customs procedures and to ratify the Trade Facilitation 
Agreement.  
Mauritania  
General affairs  
4.64.   Now, let me move on to the statement to Mauritania.  
4.65.   According to the Secretariat r eport, while Mauritania has accomplished stable economic 
growth of  5 to 6% each year since the previous review in 2011, tremendous gaps of income and 
wealth have been crucial problems to be addressed. Japan is aware that the Government of 
Mauritania is now undertaking financial reconstruction with the assistance of relat ed international 
organizations. We hope that the Mauritanian efforts will accomplish a more steady economic 
growth resulting in forming the middle class which play a central role of its society and economy.  
Trade policies  
4.66.   Now to briefly touch upon its trad e policies. Although Mauritania is an original member 
country of the WTO, since 2002, we have not heard any notifications from Mauritania, with very 
few exceptions. Japan requests Mauritania to comply with the notification obligations under the 
WTO agreeme nts. 
4.67.   Similar to Guinea, according to the secretariat report, Mauritania allows the applied rates to 
exceed the bound rates on about 600 tariff lines, which Japan is concerned with. Japan requests 
Mauritania to elaborate how it plans to improve this situati on in the future.  
4.68.   With regard to customs procedures, we positively evaluate Mauritanian efforts on the 
computerization and simplification of custom procedures. However, we think that there is still 
room for improvement with regard to transparency. For exam ple, there are no websites for custom WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 19 - 
 
  procedures I order for importers and exporters to obtain relevant information. We expect 
Mauritania to make efforts in this area.  
4.69.   In the fishery industry which is one of the major industries of Mauritania, Japan apprec iates 
that Mauritania adopts international regulations on IUU fishery and undertakes proper fishery 
resource management.  
4.70.   In conclusion, I would like to express our strong wish to continue our cooperation with 
Guinea and Mauritania. We wish Guinea and Mauri tania successful and productive TPRs.  
THAILAND  
4.71.   With regard to Guinea 's trade policy, Thailand welcomes Guinea 's consistent efforts in 
improving its economic situation by undertaking reforms in several areas since 2011 such as the 
exchange system, investmen t, public -private partnerships, and the financial supervision of public 
companies. Thailand commends Guinea for facilitating export procedures by the creation of a 
single window. The adoption of a new Mining Code, the implementation of targeted measures in  
the agricultural sector, and the revival of hydroelectric power generation all helped to improve the 
attractiveness of the Guinean economy.  
4.72.   Turning to Mauritania, Thailand welcomes the commendable performance of Mauritania 's 
economy since its last Trade Policy Review. Mauritania has experienced five years of steady 
economic growth at 5 -6% per year, driven by the high world prices for its main export products, 
which is iron ore, and massive public investment in the new airport. Mauritania has managed to 
maintain a certain macroeconomic stability in spite of the fall in world iron ore prices.  
4.73.   Thailand is pleased to learn that Mauritania 's goods import and export mechanism has been 
modernized and simplified since 2011, and customs clearance has been improved with the 
adoption of the Automated Customs System ASYCUDA WORLD. In addition, the mandatory 
preshipment inspection programme was abolished in 2014. These efforts reduce the import and 
export documentation required, and overall, the procedures were simplifi ed. 
4.74.   In 2017, total trade value between Thailand and Guinea was US$ 20.2 million and between 
Thailand and Mauritania was US$18.14 million. Although the bilateral trade with the two countries 
is still relatively small, there is trade potential that can be  explored. For trade with Guine a, such 
potential may exist in beverages, rice, sacks, and bags. While rice, floor covering, pineapples, and 
octopus can be considered potential trade with Mauritania.  
4.75.   Moreover, Thailand would like to encourage both countries to ratify the WTO Trade 
Facilitation Agreement in order to reap the full benefits of the TFA.  
4.76.   In the fourth Trade Policy Review of Guinea, Thailand submitted a few questions covering 
the measures of  our interests such as licenses to engage in financial services, the promotion of the 
exports of mangoes and financial services. We thank Guinea in advance for the written responses.  
4.77.   In conclusion, we wish Guinea and Mauritania a successful Trade Policy Re view.  
REPUBLIC  OF KOREA  
4.78.   Korea has developed a stable and sound economic relationship with Guinea and Mauritania. 
Even though the tra de volume overall is not large,  in general bilateral trade has been gradually 
expanding. For Guinea, bilateral trade reache d US$92.3 million in 2017 up from US$53.5 million in 
2011 when the last Guinea TPR was conducted. Over the review period, annual trade volume hit a 
record high of US$780.8 million in 2014. As for Mauritania, bilateral trade reached US$31 million 
up from US$19.8 million in 2011 when the last TPR was conducted. Korea hopes economic 
partnerships with both Guinea and Mauritania will continue to expand and develop in the future.  
4.79.   Let me now turn to the overall performance of the Guinean economy. As the Secretari at's 
report noted, the Guinean G overnment has introduced a number of reforms to improve its 
economic situation such as the adoption of a new mining Code and the revival of hydro -electric WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 20 - 
 
  power generation. Thanks to these efforts, the annual GDP growth rate surged to over 5% in 2011 
up from less than 2% in 2010. Even though problems in the mining sector and the Ebola epidemic 
in 2015 undermined the continuous improvement of the Guinean economy, Korea would  like to 
encourage the Guinean G overnment to continue pushing ahead with its reform policies to promote 
trade and revitalize its economy. In this regard, Korea urges Guinea to promptly ratify the WTO 
Trade Facilitation Agreement for the simplification, modernization and harmonization of its export 
and import processes.  
4.80.   On the other hand, the Mauritanian economy, as the Secretariat 's report noted, has 
continued to perform well over the review period. The economy has maintained a steady growth 
rate of 5 -6% annually and average per capita income has continued to raise reaching US$1,500 in 
2014. Korea would like to extend its congratulations to Mauritania for achieving such a remarkable 
development during the review pe riod and hopes the Mauritanian G overnment will continue to 
make efforts to boost its economy and e xpand trade. Having said that, as the Secretariat 's report 
pointed out, it is regrettable that Mauritania 's participation in the WTO was limited during the 
review period. Korea urges Mauritania to ratify the Trade Facilitation Agreement and Protocol 
Amendi ng the TRIPS Agreement in the near future. Korea believes that active participation in the 
WTO will enable Mauritania to continue its pursuit towards economic prosperity.  
4.81.   My delegation has submitted, albeit somewhat late, our written questions to Guinea 
regarding its policy on the fishery sector. We look forward to receiving a reply in due course.  
4.82.   I am pleased to note that three new young candidates for future diplomats in the Korean 
delegation have joined our meeting and are observing our discussions here  today. I am sure that 
this will be a unique and impressive experience for them and that they will continue to watch the 
efforts of Guinea and Mauritania for facilitating trade, increasing investment, and enhancing their 
overall economic environment in a s ustainable manner.  
4.83.   Korea looks forward to cooperating with Guinea and Mauritania to enhance opportunities for 
trade and investment in the future.  
4.84.   In closing, we would like to express our sincere appreciation once again to the delegations 
of Guinea and Mau ritania for their hard work and wish them every success in this TPR. Thank you.  
SINGAPORE  
Guinea  
4.85.   Singapore 's total bilateral trade with Guinea amounted to S$13.82 million in 2017. We also 
saw an increase in visitor arrivals from Guinea.4 We welcome this increase and believe there is 
potential for deeper bilateral economic relations.  
4.86.   During the period under review, Guinea introduced several reforms that have helped to 
improve its business climate. This includes the adoption of a new mining  code, the implementation 
of targeted measures in the agricultural sector, and the revival of hydro -electric power generation. 
While the Ebola epidemic hampered growth during the period of 2015 -2016, we note that the 
mining and agricultural sectors have si nce recovered. We are encouraged by Guinea 's introduction 
of reforms to improve its economy and hope it will continue these efforts to ensure sustained 
future economic growth.  
4.87.   We note that Guinea has yet to ratify the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) an d that there 
are still outstanding notifications. We encourage Guinea to address these as soon as possible. We 
further note that Guinea has not ratified the Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement, which could 
give it better access to lower cost medicines; w e urge Guinea to do so. We wish Guinea every 
success in its Fourth Trade Policy Review.  
                                                
4 A 73.5% increase from 2016.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 21 - 
 
  Mauritania  
4.88.   Turning to Mauritania, trade flows between Singapore and Mauritania, albeit modest, saw 
healthy growth in 2017.5 We welcome this positive trend. Singapore 's top exports to Mauritania 
include non -aerated beverages and lubricating oils, and our top imports from Mauritania include 
aircraft and other machine parts.  
4.89.   Since its last TPR in 2011, Mauritania has experienced several years of steady economic 
growth at ab out 5 -6% per year. This is due in part to increase investments in public infrastructure, 
as well as the modernisation and simplification of Mauritania 's goods import and export mechanism 
that has helped to reduce clearance times. Considerable work has been  done to improve 
Mauritania 's business environment, including through the adoption of a code of property rights and 
a law on public -private partnerships. We note that Mauritania has also launched efforts to reform 
its fiscal policy and strengthen its tax a dministration. We welcome these developments and 
encourage Mauritania to continue in this direction.  
4.90.   Moving forward, we urge Mauritania to ratify the TFA and the Protocol Amending the TRIPS 
Agreement as soon as possible, as well as to submit its outstandin g notifications, including on 
technical barriers to trade and sanitary and phytosanitary measures.  
4.91.   Finally, we wish Mauritania a very successful Third Trade Policy Review.  
INDIA  
4.92.   Guinea has abundant natural resources with about one -third of world 's Bauxite reserves 
besides being rich in diamond, gold, minerals, hydroelectric power and agriculture.  During the 
period under review the GDP growth rate of Guinea stood at 3.5% in 2015. The country also faces 
challenges which include addressing poverty, socio-economic indicators, epidemics and diversifying 
the economy which remains heavily depending on mining resources. We commend the 
Government of Guinea for the efforts it has been making to address these challenges including 
reforms in mining sector, targeted agricultural measures and re -energising the hydropower sector 
under its National Economic and Social Development  Plan.   
4.93.   Since the last review in 2011 , Mauritania has experienced stead y economic growth of 5 to 
6%. The average per  capita income also reached US$1500 in 2014. However, the country also 
faces challenges including addressing the unequal distribution of we alth, poverty, improving 
human development indices and diversifyi ng the economy. We appreciate the continued efforts of 
the Government of Mauritania for promoting growth and development which include attracting 
investment, developing infrastructure, sector al reforms and initiatives in sectors like mining, 
fisheries, agriculture and tourism.  
4.94.   India shares close and friendly relations with Guinea and Mauritania.  Our bilateral trade 
with Guinea stood at around US$ 873 mil lion and with Mauritania at US$77 millio n in 2017. There 
is considerable potential to promote trade between India and both countries in sectors like 
automobiles, textiles, pharmaceuticals, machinery, metal s, minerals and iron and steel.  Indian 
companies are also exploring investment opportunitie s in manufacturing, mining and agriculture.  
4.95.   India is assisting both countries for socio -econo mic development. The following lines of 
credit have been extended to Guinea:  
 Line of Credit USD 28.51 million through ECOWAS Bank for impo rting 100 buses from Indi a 
(US$8.1 million).  
 An LOC of US$ 20 million for rehabilitation and extension of the electricity networks in 
Guinea.  
4.96.   The following lines of credit have also been extended to Mauritania:  
                                                
5 Trade flows increased by 5.3% from 2016 to 2017.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 22 - 
 
   US$15 million for  development of agro -industries.  
 US$6.8 million for a drinking water project . 
4.97.   Besides these India also has a number of projects in the countries under the PAN -African 
initiatives for assistance. During the third India -Africa Summit our Prime Minister announced a 
comprehensive development assistance plan for a ll the African countries over the ne xt five years 
which include US$10 billion in LOCs; US$ 600 mill ion as grant assistance and US$ 100 million 
through India -Africa Development Assistance Fund. India has been extending lines of credit to 
countries in Africa f or projects in areas of infrastructure development, agriculture, irrigation, 
transport, health, pow er and information technology. An excellent example of our cooperation with 
Africa is the PAN -African E -network Project for tele -education and tele -medicine which symbolises 
India's commitment to transfer skills and technology  to address the digital divide.  For capacity 
building in human resources, India has announced 50,000 scholarships in the next five years 
under various programmes including for students an d professionals under the India Technical and 
Economic Cooperation Programme.  
4.98.   India has also always been a supporter of special dispensation for LDCs and provides 98.2% 
tariff lines as duty free or preferential access to LDCs with applicable tariff on all cotton lines at 
zero. 
4.99.   To conclude, we look forward to working closely with the authorities of Guinea and 
Mauritania for further expanding and harnessing the potential of our trade and inves tment ties for 
mutual benefit. We wish the delegation of Guinea and  Mauritania a productive and successful TPR.  
SENE GAL 
4.100.   My delegation endorses the statements made by the African, LDC, ACP and ECOWAS 
Groups.  
4.101.   The delegation of Senegal commends the Mauritanian Government for its systematic 
efforts to improve the country's economic and financial environment.  
4.102.   These led to a 5 -6% rate of growth for five consecutive years, driven in particular by 
export products, including iron ore, and large -scale investment in airport, port and road 
infrastructure.  
4.103.   It should also be emphasize d that macroeconomic stability was maintained, which kept the 
budget deficit under control. In addition, important measures were taken in the agricultural and 
livestock sectors, efforts were made to improve services infrastructure, and the decision was tak en 
to open up telecommunications to competition.  
4.104.   The Islamic Republic of Mauritania has also simplified and modernized its goods import and 
export procedures since 2011. These efforts began to bear fruit with the reduction in the import 
and export document ation required.  
4.105.   The further efforts under way to achieve the structural transformation and diversification of 
the Mauritanian economy should be consolidated. The delegation of Senegal remains confident in 
this regard and encourages the authorities of this fellow country to pursue the work they have 
already begun.  
4.106.   Relations between Mauritania and Senegal span several centuries and are diversified, 
nurtured as they are by history, geographical location, and not only spiritual, religious and cultural 
ties but also political, economic and social links between our two peoples.  
4.107.   Both countries have strengthened and consolidated their bilateral relations, particularly in 
the energy sector, with the Intergovernmental Cooperation Agreement (ACI) concerning 
exploitatio n of the Greater Tortue/Ahmeyin (GTA) unitized offshore gas field.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 23 - 
 
  4.108.   As regards the Republic of Guinea, since the last trade policy review the Guinean economy 
has recorded remarkable performance at the macroeconomic as well as the sectoral level, with 
a 3.5%  growth rate in 2015, in spite of the Ebola epidemic and the crisis that affected the mining 
sector.  
4.109.   The major reforms undertaken by the Guinean authorities have significantly contributed to 
improve the country's economic situation, leading to a reduction in debt service and internal and 
external debt levels, with inflation falling from 21% in 2011 to 8% in 2016.  
4.110.   The delegation of Senegal is convinced that by pressing on with these efforts Guinea will 
succeed in improving its socio -economic indicators and i n raising the population's living standards.  
4.111.   The Guinean economy relies heavily on the mining sector, with bauxite, gold, iron and 
diamonds accounting for approximately 95% of its goods and services export earnings, which 
makes the country vulnerable to wo rld raw material prices and endogenous factors. Hence the 
need for greater economic diversification.  
4.112.   Guinea undoubtedly has very significant potential in sectors such as agriculture, fisheries 
and aquaculture. It also possesses natural resources that could  contribute to the development of 
these sectors, as well as the energy sector.  
4.113.   At the bilateral level, Guinea and Senegal have strong historical, cultural, economic and 
trade ties. Both countries belong to several subregional organizations, in which their cooperation is 
exemplary. This is the case within the Gambia River Basin Development Organization (OMVG), 
the Senegal River Basin Development Organization (OMVS), and ECOWAS. Trade is intensive and 
diversified, and constitutes the social cement that binds our two populations, who are, in fact, a 
single people.  
4.114.   To conclude, the delegation of Senegal encourages the Republic of Guinea and the Islamic 
Republic of Mauritania to pursue their economic diversification, structural transformation and 
industrializatio n efforts, and invites all partners to support their objectives in terms of 
development, job creation and raising living standards for the populations of these two  fellow 
countries.  
4.115.   The delegation of Senegal commends Mr  Aly Diané, Ambassador and Permanent 
Representative of Guinea, Ms  Salka Menthe Bilal Yamar, Ambassador and Permanent 
Representative of Mauritania in Geneva, and their respective staff, for the excellent work done in 
Geneva.  
4.116.   Senegal wishes the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and the Republic of  Guinea a successful 
review of their trade policies.  
KINGDOM  OF SAUDI  ARABIA  ON BEHALF  OF THE ARAB  GROUP  
4.117.   The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is pleased to participate in the Trade Policy Review of 
Mauritania and Guinea and welcome the entire delegation of both cou ntries.  
4.118.   The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia commends Mauritania and Guinea for overcoming their 
daunting challenges and keeping their economy open even in difficult times  
4.119.   The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia welcomes the reforms undertaken by Mauritania in the areas 
of trade, customs, investment, and combating corruption. The privatization process along with 
policies and laws used to foster competition in the bidding process for government contracts  are to 
be applauded.  
4.120.   When it comes to Guinea, despite the Ebola crisis and  the low commodity price shocks that 
adversely affected its economy in 2014 and 2015.  The Guinean economy  grew by 6.6% in 2016 
and 6.7% in 2017, mainly due to growth from bauxite mining and thermal energy generation as 
well as the resiliency of the agricul tural and infrastructure sectors.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 24 - 
 
  4.121.   The Kingdo m of Saudi Arabia commends the G overnment of Guinea for launching a 
proactive drive to reform its 2040 Vision for the country and for its National Economic and Social 
Development Plan (2016 –2020).  
4.122.   Saudi Arabia a nd Mauritania enjoy fraternal relations and excellent bilateral cooperation at 
political, economic and scientific levels and enhance efforts to promote cooperation in trade and 
investment in the area of infrastructure, mining, agriculture and fisheries.  
4.123.   There is also a strong foundation for an excellent trade relationship between Guinea and 
the Saudi Arabia. Both countries look forward to building on that foundation and fostering even 
better ties through trade and investment opportunities.  
4.124.   In conclusion, th e Kingdom of Saudi Arabia trusts that the resilient economic policies and 
growth -enhancing reforms adopted by both Mauritania and Guinea will continue to support the 
improvement of their economic performance and promote human, social and environmental 
development.  
4.125.   We wish a very successful Trade Policy Review for both Mauritania and Guinea.  
MOROCCO  
4.126.   Morocco endorses the statements made by South Africa on behalf of the African Group and 
by Saudi Arabia on behalf of the Arab Group.  
4.127.   The review of the trade policies of Guinea and Mauritania is a prime opportunity for all 
WTO Members seeking to make trade more open and, above all, more equitable and inclusive, and 
we welcome the two countries' engagement in this review.  
4.128.   The Kingdom of Morocco congratulates the  Government of Guinea for its structural 
reforms, incentive measures and initiatives, which enhanced the economy's attractiveness during 
the period under review, and for ensuring that the budget deficit had all but disappeared in 2016, 
despite the sharp fa ll in world prices of raw material exports.  
4.129.   It is remarkable to note that the country has managed to achieve strong agricultural 
export growth as a result of the guidance and incentive measures introduced.  
4.130.   Morocco commends Guinea for its commitment to tran sparency, as evidenced by the 
latter's new mining legislation.  
4.131.   The Guinean economy's attractiveness is also boosted by the country's commitment to 
trade liberalization and economic integration in the framework of its bilateral, plurilateral and 
multilatera l relations.  
4.132.   Morocco values its special relationship with this fellow country, particularly at the economic 
and technical levels – a relationship to which the two countries' public and private sectors provide 
an active and coordinated contribution in a num ber of areas that include the banking, agri -food 
and mining sectors.  
4.133.   Guinea's development potential in agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture is considerable.  
4.134.   The contribution of fisheries to the national economy has significantly diminished since the 
last trade policy review in 2011. We hope that the ongoing negotiations on fisheries subsidies will 
result in a legal instrument that ensures substantial technical and financial assistance and renewed 
interest in Guinean waters on the part of trading partners.  
4.135.   Guinea's extensive waterways are also an exceptional asset which the country is beginning 
to exploit for hydroelectric power production.  
4.136.   There has been a surge in telecommunication services since the relevant regulations were 
improved.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 25 - 
 
  4.137.   On the other hand, transport infrastructure needs further investment and support from the 
international community so that transport services can better fulfil their role in the country's 
development.  
4.138.   We encourage investors and development partners to capture the opportunitie s offered by 
the Guinean economy.  
4.139.   Morocco wishes Guinea every success in this review of its trade policies.  
4.140.   Mauritania experienced five years of steady economic growth at 5 -6% per year in the 
period following its second trade policy review in 2011, as a re sult, among other things, of 
substantial public investment, which has more than doubled since 2011 -2012, not to mention the 
tax and customs concessions granted to exporting enterprises.  
4.141.   Mauritania has managed to maintain macroeconomic stability in spite of  the fall in world 
prices of iron ore, which is one of its leading export products.  
4.142.   We congratulate Mauritania for its performance and its reforms, especially the 
modernization and simplification of its goods import and export mechanism and the new legisla tion 
aimed at increasing the transparency of government procurement.  
4.143.   Mauritania signed an Association Agreement with ECOWAS in September  2017, thus 
affirming its commitment to trade liberalization and economic integration.  
4.144.   Although Mauritania, like several  other developing countries, faces the challenges of food 
security and resource sustainability, its economy has considerable potential.  
4.145.   Morocco has believed in this potential for decades. Thus, 17 years ago, Moroccan operators 
began to invest in promising sectors, such as telecommunications.  
4.146.   Several other areas, renewable energy in particular, offer promising prospects.  
4.147.   Morocco wishes Mauritania every success in this review of its trade policies  
TURKEY  
4.148.   Turkey 's vision with regard to its relations with Afric a is a partnership approach for mutual 
development. In this respect, Turkey has a special attention towards the development of the 
African continent and collaborates with its African partners for this purpose, wherever it is 
possible.  
4.149.   Within this perspecti ve, we would like to share, first, our comments with regard to the 
trade policy review of Guinea.  
4.150.   The detailed and comprehensive reports prepared for this review as well as today 's 
presentations have highlighted huge  economic potential of Guinea. They show  that vast natural 
resources and advantageous geographic location provide ample opportunities for Guinea 's 
economy.  
4.151.   Although there are major challenges impeding this potential, we see it exists a solid ground 
for ensuring faster and sustainable economic growth in the country. Despite interrupted by Ebola 
epidemic and declining commodity prices, average annual growth rate for the last five years 
realized as 5% and economic activities have been recovered soon after Ebola disaster. We also 
notice that inflation rate was also reduced in review period, from 21% in 2011 to 8% in 2016. The 
role of structural reforms has been vital for achieving this economic growth.  
4.152.   However, we also witness that  the persistence of macroeconomic challenges are ongoing. 
In addition to the others, we observe the rise in external current account deficit, from 17% of GDP 
in 2011 to 33% in 2016. This figure shows that there is urgent need for crafting creative policies  to 
reinvigorate commercial activities in the country.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 26 - 
 
  4.153.   In this context, we see that, aligned with regional and international development agendas, 
the 2016 -2020 National Economic and Social Development Plan of Guinea already diagnoses 
existing challenges an d drafts strategic framework for the country. The plan outlines main recipes 
against the shocks in international trade, especially against fluctuations in global commodity 
prices.  
4.154.   Taking into account its high share in the GDP, a special focus for policies  should be on 
agriculture, which is main driver of job creation and economic growth. Investment projects in 
hydroelectricity sector will be pivotal to develop the sector in this regard.  
4.155.   In this context, in investment architecture, we note with satisfactio n that a number of 
reforms and new policies were adopted during the review period and upon entry of new 
Investment Code, an investment promotion agency has been entitled. We view that continuation 
of those reforms for fuelling  investments will amplify prod uction capacity in mining, energy and 
agriculture sectors. The policies towards enhancement of the capacity of private sector will also be 
complementary in this regard.  
4.156.   We believe that the WTO can provide a sustainable path for further development of 
Guine a's economy. In this context, Guinea 's increasing participation in the WTO technical 
assistance program mes in review period shows how Guinea embraces the values of multilateral 
trading system.  
4.157.   In line with this recognition, Turkey also believes that easing  trade procedures, simplifying 
tax system and enhanced customs entry program me will also be stepping stone for well -
functioning of foreign trade activities. In this regard, we believe that trade facilitation agreement 
can contribute the improvement of over all system.  
4.158.   As regards to bilateral relations between Turkey and Guinea, the relationship has been 
strengthened in recent years. The trade volume between Turkey and Guinea has been growing 
significantly over the last years and increased more than seven tim es since 2005. Based on 
investment treaty between our countries, Turkish companies also stimulated their investments in 
Guinea, especially in the fields of energy and construction.  
4.159.   Turkey will continue to work closely with Guinea bilaterally, and as a close partner here at 
the WTO and we wish the entire delegation here the best of success in this trade policy review.  
4.160.   We would also like to share our remarks with regard to the trade policy review of 
Mauritania.  
4.161.   We observe with satisfaction that, during th e review period, Mauritania has maintained an 
average annual economic growth rate of more than 5 %, as well as a relatively stable 
macroeconomic environment with reduced budgetary deficit and decreased inflation rate.  
4.162.   Despite the decline in commodity prices  in recent years, the steady growth rate and 
macroeconomic stability in Mauritania, to large extent has been based on a reform -minded 
economy policy, including budgetary discipline, strong monetary policy, new regulations on 
commerce, investments, banking and government procurement, modernization of customs and big 
infrastructure projects.  
4.163.   Especially, we commend the implementation of the automated customs clearance system 
in 2016, as well as the simplification of customs procedures and documentation, which  is in line 
with the spirit of the Trade Facilitation Agreement. We believe that the ratification and full 
application of Trade Facilitation Agreement will further improve the business -friendly environment 
in Mauritania.  
4.164.   We also believe that the recent rei ntegration of Mauritania with ECOWAS has been a 
positive step both for developing and diversifying trade flows of Mauritania, and for strengthening 
the economic ties among West African countries.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 27 - 
 
  4.165.   The positive economic environment during the review period h as contributed to the 
increase of foreign direct investments and exports of Mauritania, as well as to reducing poverty 
and improving economic welfare in the country. The reduction of the poverty rate, down to 31% of 
the population in 2014 from 45% in 2008,  and 17% increase of per capita income in purchasing 
power parity during the review period according to the World  Bank data, is good examples about 
the benefits of the reform process in the country.   
4.166.   Against this backgroun d, the need for diversification  from a mining and commodity 
dependent to a more balanced structure between manufacture, agriculture and services is the 
main remaining challenge of Mauritanian economy.  
4.167.   We are confident that continued investment in infrastructure, especially in electricity  
generation and grid, as well as in road transport will further improve the business environment 
and further increase the foreign direct investments in the country in many sectors. Also, the 
continuation of budgetary discipline, effective monetary policy a nd open trade and investment 
regime, will help to alleviate the burden of the external debt and current account deficit on the 
economy, while improving the access to finance by the private sector.  
4.168.   In this regard, we believe that continuation of the reform process will further strengthen 
the Mauritanian economy and improve the wellbeing of the population.  
4.169.   As part of Turkey 's special attention vis -à-vis its relations with African countries, our 
bilateral economic ties with Mauritania is being steadily strengt hened, and our bilateral trade 
volume increased more than three -fold during the review period, having developed in a balanced 
way. 
4.170.   We are also satisfied by the increasing interest of Turkish investors in fisheries and mining 
in Mauritania.  
4.171.   To further devel op our bilateral ties in an institutional framework, some seven bilateral 
agreements have been signed in last February, during the visit of our President to Nouakchott 
(Nuakşot), including cooperation agreements in several fields, as well as a bilateral in vestment 
agreement. We also look forward to conclude a bilateral preferential trade agreement soon with 
Mauritania.  
4.172.   We will continue to cooperate closely with our Mauritanian colleagues both in bilateral and 
multilateral platforms  and we wis h Mauritania a  very successful Trade Policy R eview.  
CHAD  
4.173.   Chad endorses the statements made by the Central African Republic on behalf of the 
LDC Group and South Africa on behalf of the African Group.  
4.174.   Chad values the WTO's engagement in supporting the work done by Mauritania and Guinea 
in recent years to create conditions conducive to the development of trade and investment, so as 
to ensure sustainable development for both countries.  
4.175.   My delegation commends Mauritania and Guinea for their considerable efforts, notabl y in 
regularly updating their schedules of commitments, acceding to several regional and multilateral 
agreements, binding their tariff lines, strengthening the necessary legal and institutional 
framework for coherent and sound policy -making, and diversifyi ng in terms of goods and export 
markets.  
4.176.   All of this helps to strengthen the transparency and predictability of their trade regimes, 
their economies and the multilateral trading system.  
4.177.   Chad welcomes Mauritania's vision regarding the key strategic pillars of its overall policy, 
which include strengthening the foundations of the State and improving public governance; 
building a competitive economy that generates growth; developing human resources; and 
broadening access to basic services.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 28 - 
 
  4.178.   Likewise, we congrat ulate Guinea for placing special emphasis on the implementation of 
major projects designed to have a direct impact on the population's living standards, while 
maintaining a climate of social and political stability.  
4.179.   In recent years, Mauritania and Guinea h ave implemented some important initiatives and 
reforms in order to increase the transparency and effectiveness of their trade policies, improve the 
business climate, and spur domestic performance in private -sector investment and 
competitiveness.  
4.180.   Like other  African countries, Mauritania and Guinea both have enormous potential in terms 
of natural resources and a young population; these afford an extraordinary opportunity to attract 
and benefit from foreign direct investment.  
4.181.   Various incentives have thus been offered to foreign and domestic investors in a bid to 
encourage them to explore and invest in these countries, especially in agriculture, livestock 
farming, tourism, fisheries, mineral resources, energy infrastructure, telecommunications and 
transport.  
4.182.   Despite infrastructural weaknesses, limited access to financing and structural challenges, 
Mauritania and Guinea have made tremendous efforts to create a significant boost for trade and 
the multilateral trading system.  
4.183.   My delegation encourages the two countri es to pursue their work to that end, and requests 
the support of the community of financial and technical partners to assist them in implementing 
their economic, trade and sustainable development policies. Chad wishes Mauritania and Guinea 
every success in  the review of their trade policies.  
CENTRAL  AFRICAN  REPUBLIC  ON BEHALF  OF THE LDC GROUP  
4.184.   The Republic of Guinea and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania are both engaged in a 
dynamic process to strengthen their respective economies and their integration into  the global 
trading system, and have been implementing numerous action plans and initiatives in various 
sectors of activity since 2010 -2011.  
4.185.   In the case of the Republic of Guinea, the authorities are targeting all sectors that they 
regard as key to buildin g production capacity, promoting the competitiveness of the economy and 
reducing poverty.  
4.186.   Other comprehensive programmes, such as the Guinea Trade Policy Action Programme 
(PAPCG) in 2011 and, more recently, the National Economic and Social Development Plan  (PNDES) 
2016-2020, are designed have a direct impact on the Guinean population's living standards, while 
maintaining a climate of social and political stability.  
4.187.   Despite the epidemic that severely hit the population and affected economic activities 
in 2015, Guinea did not experience a recession. The country withstood the shock and GDP growth 
rebounded to around 6.5% in 2016.  
4.188.   The mining sector is Guinea's main source of wealth, accounting for 75% of GDP. Guinea 
will continue to rely on this sector, moderniz ing it and improving its regulation under a new Mining 
Code adopted in 2011.  
4.189.   Moreover, Guinea is seeking to diversify by strengthening its agricultural sector, which 
employs the vast majority of the population. Private -sector involvement and support from t he 
development partners are expected to play a major role.  
4.190.   Guinea also intends to increase access to electricity and drinking water, boost industry, 
expand the services sector, improve all types of transport, and provide a better telecommunication 
network,  which will serve to increase trade opportunities.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 29 - 
 
  4.191.   A great deal of progress has already been made in these areas as a result of investment, 
structured action plans, and a broader partnership with the private sector.  
4.192.   As far as the Islamic Republic of Maurit ania is concerned, the country experienced 
five years of steady economic growth at 5 -6% per year over the review period, driven mainly by 
exports of iron ore.  
4.193.   Mauritania regards mining as a key sector that needs to be strengthened as a vehicle for 
economic  growth and poverty reduction. Steps have been taken to that end.  
4.194.   The country also relies heavily on fishing activities and is seeking to maximize the gains 
from fisheries under a sustainable development approach. Agriculture and livestock farming are 
further targets for modernization and increased productivity and competitiveness on the domestic, 
regional and international markets.  
4.195.   Lastly, Mauritania intends to develop tourism and telecommunication services by attracting 
investment in infrastructure and by  strengthening their respective regulatory and institutional 
frameworks. For Mauritania (and ultimately all LDCs) transport plays a key role in development 
and is critical to achieving economic development and better integration into regional and 
internati onal trade.  
4.196.   All of Mauritania's objectives for the years to come are set out in an ambitious 
development strategy known as the Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Shared Prosperity 
(SCAPP) 2016 -2030.  
4.197.   On behalf of the LDC Group, the Central African Republic  wishes the Republic of Guinea 
and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania every success in implementing their reforms and initiatives, 
as well as a successful review of their trade policies.  
MALAWI  ON BEHALF  OF THE ACP GROUP  
4.198.   I make this statement on behalf of the ACP Group, in two parts. The first remarks are in 
support of the Trade Policy Review of Guinea and the second for Mauritania.  
4.199.   The ACP Group applauds the work the Government of Guinea has done in preparation for 
their fourth Trade Policy Review since Gu inea's last review in 2011.  
4.200.   The Guinean Government has engaged in a serious programme of reforms since its last 
review in 2011 to ensure a successful fourth review.  
4.201.   The agricultural sector constitutes the backbone of the Guinean economy. The Government 
of Guinea has ushered in measures for the sector to boost production, productivity and export 
potential. The Government, for example, increased the diversity of export products, through 
interventions such as Accelerated Programme for Food and Nutrition Security and Agricultural 
Development (PASANDA). We would like to take this opportunity to applaud the Government of 
Guinea for its efforts to develop sustainable fisherie s and including increasing sustainable 
exploitation, while at the same time exploring methods to increase the contribution of fisheries to 
Guinea 's food security, job creation, and income generation. The Government of Guinea registered 
GDP growth of 4.9% i n 2017. Furthermore, Guinea has also made intelligent use of the river 
network flowing through its territory to other neighboring states. This has led to an expansion in 
trade flows via the rivers and canals.  
4.202.   Guinea has also taken a number of steps to mana ge its natural resources, in particular in 
the extractive sector which must be maintained in a manner that best serves the needs, policies 
and objectives of the people of Guinea.  
4.203.   In strictly trade terms, Guinea has simplified export procedures with the est ablishment of a 
single window. In addition, Guinea has implemented several initiatives in the energy and 
renewable energy sector as well as harnessing its policies to support infrastructure development.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 30 - 
 
  4.204.   Overall, the Guinean authorities have demonstrated st rong initiatives to move the 
economy towards a market and liberal system guided by international norms and rules through a 
number of policies and privatization. Despite these efforts, there are challenges faced by Guinea in 
its efforts to achieve its goals  such as barrier to their exports and vulnerability to fluctuations in 
commodity prices.  
4.205.   The ACP Group support Guinea in its efforts to improve its economy and call on partners to 
assist the country to achieve better responses to its trade and development,  job creation, and 
poverty reduction.  
4.206.   On behalf of the ACP Group, I would now like to extend our remarks for the Republic of 
Mauritania.  
4.207.   We applaud the achievements of Mauritania on the occasion of its third Trade Policy 
Review.  
4.208.   The Government of Mauritani a has made strides towards economic reforms and 
modernization. A case in point is the nation 's embrace of the ASYCUDA World information system 
to promote and facilitate smooth and transparent procedures for international trade.  
4.209.   Another ongoing drive to str engthen trade activity features the country 's development of 
its infrastructure. The Government has pursued the expansion of Port Nouakchott, which has 
enabled greater handling of cargo shipments. This measure forms part of Mauritania 's clear 
intention of improving its economic landscape and trade environment, notably a broad effort at 
scaling up its infrastructure. In parallel, Mauritania has excelled in re -introducing a national airline 
carrier and building its network, which improves prospects for cross border movement not only of 
goods, but also people.  
4.210.   The Government of Mauritania has proven adept at overall macroeconomic management, 
which is essential to guarantee investor confidence. The efforts included having reduced the 
budget deficit significantly, brought down from 3.4% of GDP in 2014 to 0.5% in 2016.  
4.211.   While Mauritania has undeniably taken steps towards greater participation in global trade, 
there remain clear challenges ahead. Mauritania like most LDCs, they rely on the agricultural 
sector to generate revenues and has taken steps to harness and develop its mining sector.  
4.212.   It must be recognized that the economic structure of the country cannot be changed 
overnight and that significant investment will be required to boost production and p roductivity, 
starting with the primary sector and then moving to manufacturing.  
4.213.   Already the Government has promoted best agriculture practices in the rice farming 
industry that proved a success, which can be replicated in the production of other agricultur e 
products in the primary sector.  
4.214.   We also support Mauritania in its efforts to develop her economy and call on partners to 
assist them to achieve better responses to Mauritania 's drive for development, job creation, and 
poverty reduction.  
PAKISTAN  
4.215.   We will be addressing first the Trade policy of Guinea.  
4.216.   During the period under review, Guinea 's annual GDP growth rate has increased over the 
past five years, from less than 2% in 2010, GDP went over 5% in 2011 and 2012 before coming to 
3.5% in 2015.  
4.217.   Guinea is a net importer of goods and services, and its main trading partners are the 
European Union, China, the United Arab Emirates, and Switzerland. Approximately 40% of Guinea 
Tariff lines are bound and the simple average of the bound rates stood at 20.4%.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 31 - 
 
  4.218.   Guinea's has seen a rise in its participation in WTO technical assistance activities.  
4.219.   Pakistan commends the promulgation of a new Investment Code by creating a single 
window to streamline and facilitate formalities. A mechanism is also being introduced to pro mote 
public -private partnerships. A privatization strategy is under way, and reforms have been 
introduced to enhance financial supervision of public companies.  
4.220.   Pakistan welcomes such positive steps from the Guinean Government to promote its trade 
and inves tment. However, Pakistan notes with concern that Guinea has not yet ratified the WTO 
Trade Facilitation Agreement.  
4.221.   Guinea has yet to notify the WTO of its legislation on intellectual property rights. It has not 
ratified the Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement, which could give it better access to lower -
cost medicines, nor has it designated a contact point under Artic le 69 of the TRIPS Agreement.  
4.222.   Guinea 's development potential in agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture is considerable. 
Agricultural exports, which are centered on a few products, have increased sharply in the wake of 
the guidance and incentive measures i ntroduced. Guinea 's extensive waterways also constitute an 
exceptional asset which it is beginning to exploit for hydroelectric power.  
4.223.   Guinea has faced a growing external demand for bauxite, its main export product, 
following the ban on non -refined bauxit e exports imposed by other countries. Its new mining 
legislation reflects the determination of the authorities to improve the transparency of contracts, to 
increase the amount of income the State derives from the country 's mining resources, and to find 
other ways in which the sector can contribute to the national economy.  
4.224.   There has been a surge in telecommunication services since the relevant regulations were 
improved. Financial services are open to foreign presence, whatever the origin of the capital, as 
long as the companies are established under domestic law. Tourism is among the services where 
there is potential for development.  
4.225.   We will now turn to Mauritania Trade Policy Review.  
4.226.   Since its second Trade Policy Review (TPR) in 2011, Mauritania has experie nced five years 
of steady economic growth at 5 -6% per year. Average per capita income continued its steep rise, 
reaching close to US$1,500 in 2014.  
4.227.   The EU is Mauritania 's main trading partner, together with China, the United Arab Emirates 
and Switzerland.  At the WTO, Mauritania has bound 41% of its tariff lines. The simple average of 
bound rates for all of these products is 20.4%, or 38.5% for agricultural products and 11% for 
non-agricultural products.  
4.228.   Mauritania does not apply any anti -dumping, counterv ailing or safeguard measures.  
4.229.   Pakistan notes with concern that as of March 2018, Mauritania still has to ratify the Trade 
Facilitation Agreement or the Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement.  
4.230.   Pakistan appreciates that since 2011, efforts have been carried  out to improve the 
country 's services infrastructure, and to a lesser extent, to reform the relevant regulations. A new 
telecommunications law has been enacted with a view to enhancing competition and the role of 
the Regulatory Authority. Meanwhile, the f irst ACE (Africa Coast to Europe) fiber optic cable linking 
Mauritania to Europe is now operational.  
4.231.   In the financial sector, new texts were introduced to improve the external and internal 
audit of banks, to adopt the Basel II solvency standards, and to co mbat money laundering.  
4.232.   Pakistan also appreciates the efforts on Mauritania as a fellow friend of investment 
facilitation for development in taking forward the informal investment facilitation dialogue.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 32 - 
 
  4.233.   In the end, we would like to wish Guinea and Mauritani a, a very successful and fruitful TPR 
respectively.  
SOUTH  AFRICA  ON BEHALF  OF THE AFRICAN  GROUP  
4.234.   Based on information contained in the four Trade Policy Review Reports, we wish to make 
the following comments and observations.  
4.235.   We fully recognise the difficul ties and challenges that both Members have had to confront 
in recent years and ex press our solidarity with both G overnments and people as you work to 
overcome those.  
4.236.   Starting with the TPR of Mauritania.  
4.237.   The strides Mauritania has taken in the few years since the last review, showing steady 
economic growth at 5 -6% per year is remarkable, given the domestic challenges and the fragility 
and unevenness of the global economic recovery.  
4.238.   We commend the Governme nt of Mauritania for the measures they undertook to ensure 
macroeconomic stability, as well as targeted interventions to modernise and simplify the clearance 
of goods with the adoption of the Automated Customs System ASYCUDA World.  
4.239.   We are particularly ent hused by Mauritania 's efforts to improve the services infrastructure, 
expand the Port of Nouakchott, and the creation of the new majority State -owned airline. 
Furthermore, the first Africa Coast to Europe fibre optic cable linking Mauritania to Europe is a  
welcome development.  
4.240.   We are very concerned by the chronic food shortages and high food import bills facing 
Mauritania and we call on the international community to support the country in finding ways to 
increase domestic food production, ensuring the popu lation 's food security and cutting the import 
bill.  
4.241.   The African Group strongly supports the dedicated focus that Mauritania has given to 
poverty reduction, notably the ambitious development strategy in the Accelerated Growth and 
Shared Prosperity Strategy  and the sectoral policies that have been designed to make the most 
effective and sustainable use of resources and potential inherent in the production and services 
sectors. Trade policy and strategy should support these efforts to sustain socio -economic p rogress.  
4.242.   We wish to assure Minister Mouknass that we share these objectives and that we are 
working very closely with the delegation of Mauritania under the leadership of H.E Salka Mint Bilal 
Yamar, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Mauritania to  the WTO. Our shared core 
objective is to achieve developmental outcomes at the WTO in order to contribute to 
industrialisation, economic diversification and structural transformation of our economies that are 
much needed as demonstrated by information und er this review.  
4.243.   I would now like to share some remarks about the TPR of Guinea.  
4.244.   We note with satisfaction that following the last review conducted in September 2011, 
Guinea introduced sound macroeconomic policies which translated into reducing the inflati on rate 
quite significantly from 21% to around 8% in 2017.  
4.245.   It is commendable that targeted macroeconomic measures have reduced the budget deficit 
very significantly, despite the sharp fall in world prices of Guinea 's exports of raw materials, and 
that the se measures have contributed towards a more conducive trade and investment 
environment and enabled the country to almost double their average annual per capita income.  
4.246.   We therefore commend the Government of Guinea for these reforms and for using trade 
policy to create an environment conducive to the development of trade, especially exports, and 
investment, so as to enable the country to attain its economic growth and poverty reduction 
targets, as laid down in its national development plan.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 33 - 
 
  4.247.   The African Group is particularly impressed by the dedicated focus Guinea has given to 
pursuing a revival of its industrial production through a number of laws and decrees and the 
overall objectives of the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES). Trade p olicy 
and strategy should support that effort to sustain socio -economic progress.  
4.248.   We wish to assure the G overnment of Guinea that we share these objectives and that we 
are working very closely with the delegation of Guinea to the WTO under the leadership of 
Ambassador Aly DIANÉ. Our shared core objective is to achieve developmental outcomes at the 
WTO in order to contribute to industrialisation, economic diversification and structural 
transformation of our economies that are much needed as demonstrated by information under this 
review.  
4.249.   We have noted that due to the fall in international commodity prices, slowdown in 
investment and the health epidemic, Guinea has undergone a growth deceleration. In this regard, 
the Report of the Secretariat notes that "Mining products contributed 99% of Guinea 's export 
income in 2016, as against 84% in 2015, thus constituting the bulk of the country 's exports; this 
shows how dependent the economy is on its mining sector, and above all how vulnerable it is to 
fluctuations in world prices for mining products. " Given that the issue of commodity dependency is 
common to many African countries, this situation is a wakeup to all of us, and justifies the urgent 
need for industrialization, economic diversification and structural trans formation in line with 
Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want.  
4.250.   In this perspective, we welcome a number of development strategies and regulatory 
reforms undertaken by Guinea towards changing the structure of the economy.   
4.251.   Agriculture is also an important sector  for Guinea particularly as an employment source for 
about 80% of the population. We note a number of Government initiatives for increasing 
production and productivity in line with the National Agricultural Investment Plan, the ECOWAS 
agricultural policy a nd the African Union 's Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development 
Programme. Despite this, food insecurity still poses a very serious problem in Guinea with almost 
2 million people without food, translating to almost 18% of the population having been aff licted 
with food shortages in 2015. This demonstrates, once again, the importance of having meaningful 
outcomes in Agriculture negotiations in the WTO.  
4.252.   In conclusion, with both Governments of Mauritania and Guinea signing the Continental 
Free Trade Area A greement, and engaged in the regional processes under ECOWAS, it is clear that 
these efforts will contribute to deepening integration and development across the continent. As 
markets become increasingly integrated across Africa, we will need to give greate r attention to 
promoting industrial development across Africa, including through the development of regional 
value chains so that all African countries can b enefit from more open markets. We look forward to 
working with Guinea and Mauritania and other Afri can Union Members on this project and ensuring 
that the WTO supports those efforts.  
4.253.   Again, we congratulate Mauritania and Guinea for a successful TPR.  
TOGO  IN ITS CAPACITY  AS ECOWAS  COORDINATOR  
4.254.   On the basis of the information contained in the four TPR rep orts, we would like to 
highlight the following:  
Guinea  
4.255.   Despite the decline in GDP growth to 3.5% in 2015 as a result of problems in the mining 
sector, aggravated in 2016 by the Ebola epidemic, the Guinean economy's outlook has been 
favourable, thanks to th e recovery of mining activities and vigorous performance of the 
agricultural sector.  
4.256.   On the macroeconomic front, tightening of monetary policy, including the decision to halt 
the Central Bank's financing of the budget deficit, brought inflation down from 2 1% in 2011 to 8% WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 34 - 
 
  in 2016. This was underpinned by a budgetary policy that sought to optimize revenue collection 
while eliminating low -priority expenditure.  
4.257.   We are pleased to note that, as a member of the Economic Community of West  African 
States (ECOWAS), since 2017 Guinea has applied the fully ad valorem common external tariff 
(CET), which is a powerful tool for the integration of our economies.  
Mauritania  
4.258.   As stated in the first paragraph of the Secretariat report, in the period following its 
second  trade policy review in 2011 Mauritania experienced five years of steady economic growth at 
5-6% per year, driven by the high world prices of its main export products (chiefly iron ore) and 
massive public investment in the new airport, the extension of the port o f Nouakchott, and road 
infrastructure. Average per capita income continued to rise steeply, reaching close to US$1,500 
in 2014.  
4.259.   On the other hand, the report highlights unequal distribution of the country's wealth, 
meaning that such growth has had no significant impact on the population's overall level of 
poverty. As is the case of most of our countries, Mauritania remains a least  developed country with 
low human development indices.  
4.260.   Nonetheless, significant progress has been made in rice production, e ven though the 
numerous plans for agriculture and livestock development have not managed to meet the stated 
priority goal of agricultural policy.  
4.261.   We are also pleased to note that, albeit no longer a member of ECOWAS, Mauritania 
intends to implement the ECOWAS CET as of January  2019, within the framework of the economic 
partnership agreement with the European Union. This bodes well for stronger integ ration of the 
economies in the subregion.  
4.262.   Our hope for the two countries that are undergoing their joint trade policy review today is 
that with sound reforms and engagement on the part of their respective leadership, their 
economies will continue on the pa th towards structural transformation for the benefit of their 
populations.  
4.263.   Lastly, we wish both delegations every success in the joint review of their trade policies.  
HONDURAS  
4.264.   We are pleased to note that during the review period Guinea introduced a number of 
reforms that helped to improve its economic situation; these included the adoption of a new 
Mining  Code to promote transparency in the exploitation of the country's mineral wealth, the 
implementation of targeted measures in the agricultural sector, the revival of hydroelectric power 
production, the creation of a special investment fund, and the establishment of an investment 
promotion agency.  
4.265.   We further note that annual GDP growth, which was less than 2% in 2010, rose to 
over 5% in 2011 and 2012, and the  set of public policies adopted brought the inflation rate down 
from 21% in 2011 to 8% in 2016.  
4.266.   The reports highlight the fact that regional economic integration within ECOWAS remains 
an important component of the trade policy of Guinea, which has been imp lementing the ECOWAS 
common external tariff (CET) since January  2017. The preshipment inspection system was 
dismantled in April  2017, and export formalities have been facilitated by the creation of a single 
window.  
4.267.   Guinea's development potential in agricul ture, fisheries and aquaculture is considerable, 
and further reforms could help the country turn into a major regional exporter of electricity.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 35 - 
 
  4.268.   Tourism offers promising opportunities for trade in services. Another noteworthy point is 
that Guinea was declar ed compliant with the standards of the Extractive Industries Transparency 
Initiative (EITI) in 2014.  
4.269.   As regards Mauritania, we are struck by the fact that in the period following its second 
trade policy review in 2011, the country experienced five years of  steady economic growth at 
5-6% per year, driven by the high world prices of its main export products (chiefly iron ore) and 
substantial public investment.  
4.270.   Moreover, coupled with budgetary reforms, the tightening of the money supply, in 
particular by halti ng the Central Bank's financing of the budget deficit, brought inflation down to 
1.6-2.5% in  2016-2017, or less than half of the 2011 level, while average per capita income 
continued to rise steeply.  
4.271.   We are also aware that Mauritania has modernized and sim plified its goods import and 
export mechanism since 2011, customs clearance times have been reduced thanks to the adoption 
of the ASYCUDA WORLD automated customs system in January  2016, and the services trade 
deficit trended down during the review period.  
4.272.   According to the reports, a new telecommunications law has been enacted with a view to 
enhancing competition and the role of the Regulatory Authority, and the Africa Coast to Europe 
(ACE) fibre optic cable linking Mauritania to Europe is now operational.  
4.273.   The reports further state that Mauritania has a number of large mineral deposits, which 
have attracted foreign investors, and exports of iron ore, copper and gold bring in almost 
US$1  billion annually in government revenue, or the equivalent of 80% of earni ngs from goods 
exports.  
4.274.   Lastly, Honduras congratulates Guinea and Mauritania for their achievements during the 
review period and wishes both countries every success.  
UGANDA  
4.275.   We congratulate Guinea on the very positive trend recorded since its last TPR in 20 11, 
remarkably the near doubling of its average annual per capita income from US$330 in 2011 to 
US$645.52 by 2014.  
4.276.   Guinea 's new economic development policy premised on the four pillars one of which is 
sustainable economic transformation resonates with the aspirations of my country of transforming 
the country from being a predominantly pleasant and low income to a competitive, upper middle 
income status with a per capita income averaging at US$9,500 by 2040.  
4.277.   The National Economic and Social Development  Plan (PNDES), described in 
Law L/2017/057/AN of 8 December 2017 (the 2016 -2020 Planning Law) continues to show 
positive results including reduction in the share of debt service from 68% of the budget to 20% 
between 2010 and 2013; the reduction in the external -debt/GDP ratio from 67.8% to 22.84% 
between 2010 and 2014; improvement and increase of banking services (with up to 99 branches 
in 2014 compared to 60 in 2010) creating their increased use by citizens (over 100,000 new 
customers between 2010 and 2014) to me ntion but a few. These are remarkable achievements 
and we commend the Republic of Guinea for them.  
4.278.   We particularly note the special emphasis that the Government puts in place by coming up 
with the law on the implementation of major projects with a direct i mpact on the Guinean 
population 's living standards. The increased access to electricity for nearly 15,000 households in 
30 rural communities covered by low -voltage mini -grids powered by generators with capacities 
ranging between 12.5 and 250 kVA, generatin g total power of 1.75 MVA through the Decentralized 
Rural Electrification Project (PERD) is a great testimony that the PNDES is working.  
4.279.   Guinea has also placed emphasis on its agriculture sector which employs over 80% of its 
population. This has been done through the adoption of various documents such as the Poverty WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 36 - 
 
  Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP); the Agricultural Development Policy Letters I and II; the 
National Agricultural Investment and Food Security Plan (PNIASA 2011 -2015); the National Plan 
for Agric ultural Investment, and Food and Nutrition Security (PNIASAN 2018 -2025). This, no 
doubt, is evidence of the importance of this sector to Guinea 's economy.  
4.280.   The agricultural development and modernization Programme is being taken by the 
Government of Guinea t o address the challenges facing this sector and limiting its full potential 
including enhancing the means of production. This is being carried out through rational use of 
forest resources and agricultural inputs to boost farmers ' output; setting up agricul tural financing 
systems in rural areas; rehabilitating and extending rural networks and roads; promoting the 
development of, and irrigation of agricultural areas; strengthening capacity in good agricultural 
practices and integrating the different sectors i n value chains, which are all commendable efforts.  
4.281.   It is encouraging to note that the Government of Guinea with the aim of reviving industrial 
production has reduced the State portfolio by 19 indust rial units through Decrees 
Nos. 077/PRG/SGG  of 10 March 2011, D/2011/158/PRG/SGG of 23 May 2011 and 
D/2011/176/PRG/SGG of 6 June 2011, with a view to transferring them back to credible operators 
capable of reviving their activities.  
4.282.   We also note the infrastructural development initiatives that Guin ea is undertaking in the 
transport and telecommunications sectors. These are not only a commendable major steps 
towards achievement of Agenda 2063, the Africa we want, on structural transformation, 
industrialization and diversification but will also specif ically have significant positive impact on 
other sectors like the important agriculture sector.  
4.283.   In conclusion, and regarding trade liberalization, we note that Guinea is continuing to 
create the conditions necessary for is harmonious integration into the w orld economy by 
developing its trade relations and diversifying its trading partners. We particularly know that 
Guinea, as a signatory to the Abuja Treaty, fully participated in all negotiations for the 
establishment of the African Union 's Continental Free  Trade Area (CFTA). The AFCFTA indeed holds 
great promise for the continent through the improvement of the quality as well as the quantity of 
intra-African trade.  
4.284.   We wish the Republic of Guinea on this occasion of its third Trade Policy Review a 
successful  conclusion of the review.  
EGYPT  
4.285.   We associate ourselves with the statements given by Saudi Arabia on behalf of the Arab 
Group, and by South Africa on behalf of the African Group.  
4.286.   Egypt is pleased to see that the national economy of Mauritania has displayed  robust 
growth rates between 2010 and 2014. As for investment, the work accomplished in this important 
domain has been reflected in the development of institutional tools and mechanisms for planning 
and programming public investment. Furthermore, considera ble work has been done to improve 
the business environment in Mauritania. It is noteworthy that these major reforms have resulted in 
a rapid improvement in the country 's Doing Business rankings, where it has gained 26 places in 
three years only (2014.2017) . 
4.287.   Egypt commends the fiscal measures adopted by the Government of Mauritania with a 
view to maintaining the major macroeconomic balances, combating inflation, encouraging private 
investment, increasing public investment, improving the terms of trade, and a ccelerating 
investment in the extractive sector. The aforementioned efforts have yielded a considerably low 
inflation rate averagi ng 1.5% over the said period. As  for the financial sector, our delegation 
noticed that prudent action had been taken with a vi ew to enhancing financial oversight; 
consolidating the stability of the financial system; developing the banking system to promote 
financial inclusion; and increase private sector credit.  
4.288.   Egypt also praises the fruitful efforts the Government of Guinea has  exerted within the 
framework of its macroeconomic stabilization programme, and the major structural reforms WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 37 - 
 
  undertaken by the Guinean Government, including the adoption of the new mining code, the 
creation of a special investment fund to ensure optimal us e of mining revenues, the adoption of a 
new investment code and the establishment of an investment promotion agency, as well as the 
reforms in the agricultural sector.  
4.289.   And on the bilateral front, the value of bilateral trade between Egypt and Mauritania 
increased by 61% in 2017 compared to 2016, and the trade value between Egypt and Guinea has 
witnessed in 2017 alone an increase of 295% compared to 2016, such trade figures that we aspire 
to grow further in the framework of the African Continental Free Trade  Area that Egypt, 
Mauritania, and Guinea have signed to.  
4.290.   Egypt is of the opinion that development retains a central position in the global trading 
system, and that trade, in turn, plays a principal role in achieving sustainable development to 
various natio ns. Consequently, we believe that the WTO has a leading role to play in extending 
necessary technical assistance to Mauritania and Guinea in the diverse moods and mechanisms 
that the Organization possesses, in such a way that would ensure Mauritania and Gu inea's full 
integration in the global trading system, and the utilization of its potentials in realizing sustainable 
development.  
BENIN 
4.291.   The delegation of Benin endorses the statements made by the various Groups to which its 
country belongs.  
4.292.   It commends Guinea for the progress made since the third review of its trade policies, as a 
result of bold measures taken by the Guinean Government to consolidate public finances, 
introduce the single treasury account principle, broaden the tax base, improve energy su pply, 
promote agricultural diversification, and, above all, implement the ECOWAS CET.  
4.293.   The macroeconomic performance recorded over the review period bears ample witness to 
the appropriateness of these measures in strengthening the foundations of the country 's economy. 
The delegation of Benin encourages the Guinean Government to pursue its efforts, in particular 
those aiming to extend electricity coverage, especially in rural areas; to liberalize the management 
of industry to attract new capital investment so  as to boost industrial productivity and 
competitiveness ; and to expand services trade and e -commerce.  
4.294.   As regards trade -related matters, the reforms introduced by Guinea have led to effective 
implementation of the ECOWAS CET, with five tariff bands subject  to transitional provisions, and 
substantial customs and tax concessions laid down in the Investment Code.  
4.295.   Mauritania has sizeable potential (coastline; fisheries, mining and tourism resources), 
though its economy is vulnerable to external shocks.  
4.296.   The dele gation of Benin welcomes the country's economic upswing, with a growth rate of 
around 2.8% in 2017.  
4.297.   Mauritania has introduced a series of institutional and structural reforms aimed at giving 
renewed impetus to the economy and trade, measured against the re commendations of 
the Diagnostic Trade Integration Study (DTIS).  
4.298.   The delegation of Benin encourages Mauritania to pursue its efforts and especially the 
reforms based on the lessons learnt from the conclusions and recommendations of the DTIS.  
4.299.   To conclude, th e delegation of Benin invites the bilateral, regional and multilateral technical 
and financial partners to assist the Governments of Guinea and Mauritania in their socio -economic 
development efforts.  
4.300.   The delegation of Benin thanks the WTO Secretariat and t he Governments of Guinea and 
Mauritania for their highly informative reports relating to the two countries' current trade policy 
review.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 38 - 
 
  4.301.   It wishes Guinea and Mauritania every success in this review of their trade policies.  
JORDAN  
4.302.   We would like to associate  ourselves to the statement made by Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 
on behalf of the Arab Group, and also to join other delegations in welcoming Her Excellency Mrs. 
Naha MOUKNASS, Minister of Trade, Industry and Tourism, and the Mauritanian delegation. Our 
welcome  is also extended to Her Excellency, Mrs. CISSE Fanta, Secretary General of Ministry of 
Trade and her accompanied Guinean delegation. We congratulate both countries for the efforts in 
preparing their trade policy reviews and reports.  
4.303.   We thank the discussan t for his insightful remarks, the head of delegations f or the 
statements made and the S ecretar iat for the informative reports  which provide a comprehensive 
highlight on the main developments in the trade regimes of both countries for the period under 
review. 
4.304.   We congratulate both countries for the reforms made and effective development policies. 
We wish them all success in their endavours.  
4.305.   We are looking forward to strengthening economic relations with both countries in different 
fields and we wish Mauritani a and Guinea all prosperity and a successful Trade Policy Reviews.  
MALI 
4.306.   Mali borders on the two countries under review. It has very significant historical and 
geographical ties and fruitful bilateral relations with Mauritania and Guinea. Five out of Mali's  
nine administrative regions share over 2,200 km of border with Mauritania.  
4.307.   Mali being a landlocked country, its proximity to the ports of Conakry and Nouakchott is 
highly important for the transit of import and export goods, in addition to the ports of Ab idjan, 
Dakar and Téma.  
4.308.   Mali commends the resilience shown by Guinea despite the Ebola epidemic, which 
destroyed much of its infrastructure, and that of Mauritania in the face of the difficult 
circumstances it has to deal with, as does my own country.  
4.309.   We th ank the two countries for undertaking reforms that will undoubtedly greatly benefit 
my country as well and wish them both every success with today's trade policy review.  
INTERNATIONAL  TRADE  CENTRE  (ITC)  
4.310.   The ITC is an historical partner of Guinea and Mauritania as regards trade -related technical 
assistance.  
4.311.   A few years ago, we cooperated actively with Mauritania under the original Integrated 
Framework and JITAP, providing institutional support for the Chamber of Commerce in particular, 
trade informatio n and support for the hides and skins subsector.  
4.312.   Our cooperation with Guinea has increased in several areas over the past five years, with a 
view to upgrading the country's production capacities and thus enabling it to achieve more 
effective integration in to the multilateral trading system.  
4.313.   More specifically, the ITC, pursuant to its mandate and on the basis of its expertise, has 
supported Guinea in order to ensure more systematic incorporation of the private sector's 
perspective in regional and multilatera l trade negotiations (respectively at West African level in 
regard to EPAs, and particularly in the context of the Trade Facilitation Agreement concluded 
in Bali).  
4.314.   The ITC has also assisted Guinea in identifying non -tariff barriers facing domestic economic  
operators in their export transactions. The survey carried out and the ensuing recommendations WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 39 - 
 
  have enabled Guinea's public and regulatory authorities to take steps to enhance the business 
environment.  
4.315.   At the institutional level, the ITC has helped build the operational capacities of the Ministry 
of Trade and other trade support structures, such as the Guinean Export Promotion Agency 
(AGUIPEX).  
4.316.   Under the Integrated Framework Programme, the ITC has also worked to promote 
subsectors with high export potentia l. In Guinea, the outcomes in the pineapple, chilli and mango 
subsectors have improved product quality and marketing in the targeted export markets.  
4.317.   In view of its excellent relationship with Guinea and based on the outcomes of its actions, 
the ITC has bee n retained as the implementing agency to work alongside the Belgian (ENABEL) 
and German (GIZ) technical cooperation agencies to implement a socio -economic integration 
programme aimed at combating illegal migration of young people to Europe. This €65  millio n 
programme, called INTEGRA and financed by the EU's Valetta Trust Fund, aims to create direct 
jobs for young Guineans so as to give them a firm foothold in the local economy. With a view to 
the programme's forthcoming implementation, the ITC will be worki ng jointly with the General 
Coordinator, Secretary -General Fanta Cissé, whose presence we welcome here, and 
Ambassador  Aly Diané, who facilitates our action in Guinea.  
4.318.   Guinea will also benefit from ITC technical assistance, provided jointly with UNIDO, und er 
the regional West Africa Competitiveness Programme, funded by the EU's 11th European 
Development Fund (EDF) to the tune of €15  million. The ITC will help Guinea upgrade its capacity 
to supply mangoes, pineapples and cashew nuts in order to boost their e xport.  
4.319.   Lastly, based on the WTO's analysis in the context of this trade policy review and the 
comments offered by Members, the ITC stands ready to assist Guinea and Mauritania in 
implementing the recommendations put forward, particularly those aimed at enh ancing the 
business environment and trade facilitation.  
4.320.   We will continue to make our expertise and know -how in trade -related technical assistance 
available in order to meet the needs and expectations of the Guinean and Mauritanian private 
sectors by connec ting them to markets, in the framework of well -designed trade policies in support 
of a competitive, inclusive and sustainable economy.  
  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 40 - 
 
  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRE SENTATIVE S OF MAURITANIA  AND GUINEA AND ADDITIONAL 
COMMENTS  
H.E. MS NAHA  MINT  HAMDI  OULD  MOUKNASS  (MAURITANIA)  
5.1.  On behalf of the delegation of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and in my own capacity, 
I would like to reiterate our thanks for the excellent way in which you conducted the first day of 
our proceedings.  
5.2.  We have taken due note of the questions, comments, observations, various statements, and 
recommendations. We were very pleased to see how relevant and accurate they were. We have 
responded in writing to most of them, and will provide outstanding replies in the coming days.  
5.3.  So, rather t han returning to them one by one and providing explanations and clarifications, it 
strikes us as more worthwhile to give you renewed assurance of our adherence to our 
commitments to multilateral trade.  
5.4.  Success for the WTO will undoubtedly spell success for  our country. This prompts me to 
repeat once again that Mauritania is actively engaged in implementing all of its commitments in 
the WTO.  
5.5.  I am very pleased to inform you that Mauritania has paid its WTO contributions in full, and I 
look forward to the resu mption of WTO technical assistance for our country.  
5.6.  Since the second review of Mauritania's trade policies in 2011, our Government has 
undertaken important and far -reaching reforms in all economic sectors.  
5.7.  As to the economic environment in general, I would  like to recall the measures adopted to 
diversify the economy and enhance the business climate.  
5.8.  Substantial progress has been made. On the investment front, first of all, several priority 
programmes and projects were implemented between 2015 and 2017 – over 60% of the overall 
amount financed from the State's own funds and the remainder by concessional loans – in order to 
create conditions conducive to inclusive, sustainable growth, driven by the energy, transport, 
livestock farming, fisheries and agricultur al sectors.  
5.9.  In the investment sphere, the Government's work is reflected in, among other things, the 
revision of the Investment Code in 2012 and the development of institutional tools and 
mechanisms for planning and programming public investment. As a resu lt, an institutional 
framework for formulating, selecting and programming public investment, covering the period 
2018-2030, has been put in place, an organic law on finance laws (LOLF) was enacted in 2017, 
and a dedicated legislative and regulatory framewo rk for public -private partnerships has been 
drawn up and implemented since 2016.  
5.10.   With regard to mining, the establishment of a new mining strategy and improvements to the 
existing legal framework, in addition to operations carried out under the EITI, have provided a 
better legal framework for mining.  
5.11.   The reform of government procurement has instituted freedom of access to public contracts, 
equal treatment of candidates and transparency of procedures. It should also be mentioned that 
the introduction of audi ts of State -owned institutions and enterprises and the implementation of 
the recommendations emerging from such audits are already in place. A request for assistance in 
consolidating the public enterprise management framework has been submitted to the Worl d Bank, 
and performance contracts between the State and public enterprises and institutions have been 
introduced.  
5.12.   It is also worth mentioning the establishment of the Nouadhibou free zone dedicated to 
fisheries development, and the creation of new regional  development hubs.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 41 - 
 
  5.13.   All of this has led to a gradual withdrawal of the State from production sectors and to 
promotion of the private sector.  
5.14.   As regards foreign exchange, a policy targeted at protecting external competitiveness has 
been implemented, thus ena bling the country to increase its resilience to exogenous shocks 
resulting from the continuing weakness in commodity prices.  
5.15.   Reform plans are well under way to streamline the legal framework, in order to broaden the 
pallet of foreign exchange instruments a nd mechanisms in the short term. This will also make it 
possible to separate monetary policy -related refinancing operations from emergency 
liquidity -providing operations to ensure the stability of the financial system and improve the 
operation of the forei gn exchange market.  
5.16.   As to the repatriation of earnings held abroad, a reform of the legal framework with a view 
to clearly defining the terms for exemption may well be considered.  
5.17.   Significant efforts have also been made to enhance the business environment in Mauritania 
by implementing the Doing Business  roadmap.  
5.18.   As a result of these major reforms, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania has remarkably 
improved its global ranking, jumping 26 places in three years (2014 -2017), ten of them in  2017 
alone. A regulato ry framework for the establishment of a multisectoral Doing Business  committee 
is under preparation.  
5.19.   Our country intends to assume and implement all of the commitments undertaken as a WTO 
Member. Hence, the Mauritanian Government attaches full importance t o the ratification of the 
Trade Facilitation Agreement. Several measures have already been taken ahead of the ratification 
of this agreement.  
5.20.   A number of amendments will also be made to social legislation, especially as regards the 
fiscal component.  
5.21.   With r espect to WTO notifications, Mauritania now requests technical assistance to meet its 
corresponding obligations.  
5.22.   In the case of SPS standards, technical regulations and measures, the infrastructure already 
exists and most technical regulations have been pr epared. Projects in support of building the 
capacity of the various institutions concerned are currently under way. Publication and notification 
obligations will be met as soon as these support projects have been completed.  
5.23.   We congratulate Members whose co ntributions to this exercise enable us to gauge the 
extent of the efforts still to be made, while highlighting the progress already achieved. We would 
like to reassure them that our Government is determined to gradually introduce appropriate 
measures to br ing the country into conformity.  
5.24.   Every step that Mauritania takes on the path of progress requires unwavering political will in 
the face of generally difficult circumstances. The authorities undertake to continue the drive to 
improve trade -related legislat ion and practices on an ongoing basis, where necessary by seeking 
the multifaceted support that the Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania could 
henceforth receive from the WTO.  
5.25.   That is what our commitment is all about and that is the way in whic h we view our mandate 
within the WTO.  
5.26.   We express renewed gratitude to all Members and thank you for your much appreciated 
attention.  
MS FANTA  CISSÉ  (GUINEA)  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 42 - 
 
  5.27.   On Tuesday, 29  May 2018, in this very room, the Chairperson formally opened the 
proceedings concern ing the fourth trade policy review of the Republic of Guinea and the third trade 
policy review of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania by the World Trade Organization's 
Trade  Policy  Review Body.  
5.28.   In my statement introducing the report by the Guinean Governmen t, I expressed my 
country's confidence in a fair and transparent multilateral trading system. This has just been 
demonstrated by your active participation in this exercise  
5.29.   I would like to express renewed thanks for your support in ensuring the smooth runni ng of 
this review.  
5.30.   My thanks also go to the Discussant and to WTO Members for the interest they have shown 
in this exercise.  
5.31.   Moreover, I wish to express my appreciation to the WTO Secretariat's Trade  Policies Review 
Division for its dynamic and constructiv e spirit during the preparation and presentation of the 
Guinean Government and WTO Secretariat reports.  
5.32.   The members of my delegation and I are very pleased to spend these two days with you as 
we conduct the fourth review of Guinea's trade policies.  
5.33.   The trade policy review mechanism established by the WTO is undoubtedly an effective and 
transparent tool that helps to understand Members' trade policies.  
5.34.   Thanks to the essence and purpose of this mechanism, Guinea will be able to draw 
conclusions from this m eeting, not only to increase compliance with its obligations as a full 
WTO Member, but also and above all to contribute to the achievement of a multilateral trading 
system that is respectful of the rights of the Membership as a whole and of those of each 
individual Member.  
5.35.   I am also very pleased to note the interest shown by WTO Members in the review of my 
country's trade policies, as evidenced by the number of participants and by the relevance and 
quality of the questions raised. Your collective determinat ion during this exercise bears ample 
witness to your interest in the Guinean people and Government.  
5.36.   I fully understand you and thank you for your involvement.  
5.37.   Guinea has huge potential and a wealth of mineral resources, with large, untapped reserves 
of bauxite and iron ore deposits which are the richest in the world in terms of quantity and quality, 
as well as gold, diamond, base metal and heavy metal deposits. The mining sector is regulated by 
a mining code that is highly appreciated by investors.  
5.38.   Guine a is poised to become an energy and agricultural powerhouse with its vast areas of 
arable land and an attractive agricultural policy. In addition to its numerous investment 
opportunities, the country has an appealing business environment and legal and fisc al framework.  
5.39.   Guinea has a large infrastructure investment programme and is the only coastal 
West African country to share six land borders with its neighbours, which makes it a natural 
crossroads for trade and an area conducive to subregional integration.  
5.40.   Our country is booming and needs partners such as yourselves to diversify its economy. We 
have introduced numerous reforms that have yielded positive and encouraging results in 
enhancing the business climate, with concrete evidence from the investment sta ndpoint.  
5.41.   Guinea is making a great economic leap forward, and we are hoping to turn the country into 
a prime destination for investors.  
5.42.   My delegation has done its best to reply to questions. I humbly ask Members whose 
questions have not been answered to acc ept our apologies and give us the time we need to draft WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 43 - 
 
  our responses, which will be forwarded to them in writing through the WTO Secretariat. I can 
promise that these written replies will be sent as soon as possible once we return to our country.  
5.43.   We belie ve that this review has given us a comprehensive update of Guinea's trade policies, 
and our Government will spare no effort to achieve greater compliance with the WTO rules and 
thus improve its multilateral commitments. This will increase the transparency and predictability of 
the multilateral trading system and help attract foreign investment.  
5.44.   I hope that Members will support Guinea in its ongoing efforts by providing broader market 
access for its goods and services, while taking into account its forthcomi ng requests for technical 
assistance and capacity building.  
5.45.   I would not wish to conclude without expressing my deep gratitude to the Chairperson, 
whose commitment and personal involvement have ensured the success of our proceedings.  
5.46.   My renewed thanks go to  one and all for their valuable contributions to this review of my 
country's trade policies.  
5.47.   Lastly, I would like to pay tribute to the WTO Membership as a whole, the  Director -General, 
the Secretariat, WTO staff, my former colleagues, and the Trade Policie s Review Division in 
particular.  
DISCUSSANT  
5.48.   Last Tuesday, we listened to the introductory statements of Mauritania and Guinea, as well 
as 28  further statements.  
5.49.   We also received written replies from Mauritania and Guinea to specific questions from 
seven  delegations, and we look forward to receiving shortly any responses that remain 
outstanding.  
5.50.   We welcome the announcement just made by Mauritania's Minister of Trade that her country 
intends to bring the payment of its outstanding WTO contributions up to date , which will 
undoubtedly lead to the resumption of important technical assistance projects.  
5.51.   What struck me in all the questions and statements was a firm will to take advantage of this 
exercise to enhance transparency and contribute to a better understandi ng of the trade policies of 
Mauritania and Guinea. Many topics have been addressed, and in my final comments I find myself 
compelled to highlight only the most important ones and to summarize the written replies, which 
are available in room documents RD/TP R/926* and RD/TPR/926/ADD.1*.  
5.52.   The delegations' first point was to acknowledge the stability -oriented macroeconomic 
policies followed by Guinea and Mauritania. This represents significant progress that needs to be 
kept up, especially as regards control of i nflation and efforts to reign in the public deficit, which 
has been severely affected by recurrent fluctuations in mineral prices.  
5.53.   Members were particularly impressed by Guinea's resilience in the face of the acute crisis 
caused by the Ebola epidemic.  
5.54.   There were concerns relating to good governance, security issues, problems resulting from 
unequal distribution of wealth, and challenges to be faced in effectively combating corruption and 
any other form of exploitation. We have taken note of the fact that the  authorities are working on 
all these issues, which are indeed of prime importance in overcoming poverty among a significant 
proportion of the population.  
5.55.   In its written replies, Mauritania expanded on the legal regime governing the fight against 
corruptio n. 
5.56.   The indicators measuring the business climate have improved as a result of these efforts, as 
many statements emphasized. These achievements need to be preserved and enhanced, in WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 44 - 
 
  particular by simplifying rules, reducing red tape and providing a simple a nd predictable 
framework for investment and government procurement. There were a few calls to implement 
administrative procedures conducive to the development of activities currently taking place in the 
informal sector.  
5.57.   In its written comments, Mauritania provided details concerning benefits and streamlined 
procedures, especially improvements to business start -up procedures, construction permits, 
special economic zones and agreements in respect of large -scale investments and the applicable 
tax system, the p ossibility of recruiting expatriate workers, and problems linked to tax culture.  
5.58.   Many delegations expressed support for the efforts made to diversify and industrialize the 
two economies. Heavy dependence on the mining sector, with its natural fluctuations,  calls for 
measures to dampen exogenous shocks and ensure that mining profits are reinvested in society as 
a whole and can boost related, higher value -added activities. Some delegations also raised the 
question of the investment regime applicable to the mi ning sector.  
5.59.   Mauritania's written reply provided information on the implications of implementing 
commitments under the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) and the possibility of 
calling on the International Chamber of Commerce's  Internatio nal Centre for Technical Expertise , 
as well as steps taken to increase the transparency of mining licences. It also gave details on new 
mining licences applied for, granted or rejected in 2017.  
5.60.   Moreover, we were advised of the positive outcomes of the fight against illegal fishing and 
the need to implement policies for the sustainable management of fisheries resources.  
5.61.   On the trade front, numerous delegations were convinced that the Trade Facilitation 
Agreement would be of considerable benefit to both e conomies. Many of them invited the 
two countries to reflect on the matter on the occasion of this review. The Trade Facilitation 
Agreement provides for many flexibilities and can be coupled with assistance programmes that 
might help with the reforms alread y under way to enhance customs operations.  
5.62.   In its written response, Guinea informed us that it intended to deposit its instrument of 
ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement in the near future, via the appropriate channels 
established by the WTO, a nd to set up a website containing customs -related information in the 
course of this year.  
5.63.   As regards customs matters, Mauritania informed us in its written replies that the postal 
services regime had been opened up to competition and that it intended to se t up a website 
containing customs -related information in the course of 2018.  
5.64.   Many delegations drew Mauritania's attention to the possibility of adopting the Protocol 
amending the TRIPS Agreement to facilitate access to medicines, and the need to improve it s 
record of notifications to the WTO, especially those of high practical relevance, such as 
notifications concerning State -trading enterprises and import licences.  
5.65.   In its written response, Guinea announced that it would soon be sending its notifications on  
import licensing. As regards intellectual property, the country ratified the Bangui Agreement 
in 2015.  
5.66.   I also noted general acknowledgment of the achievements made by both Guinea and 
Mauritania in respect of trade integration within ECOWAS.  
5.67.   Concerning tar iffs, there were a number of questions on tariffs that exceed the bound levels, 
and, in Mauritania's case, on how the country would apply the ECOWAS common external tariff in 
respect of these bound rates.  
5.68.   A number of comments were made regarding the numero us border levies, some of which do 
not apply to domestic products. Both Guinea and Mauritania have stated the need to achieve a 
gradual shift towards domestic taxation.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 45 - 
 
  5.69.   In its written response, Mauritania expanded on the application of taxes aimed at promo ting 
culture and sports, and on the tax on sugar. Also in writing, Guinea provided details on mining 
export taxes and on the steps taken to ensure that the mining sector contributed to the 
development of local communities.  
5.70.   More generally but no less import antly, Mauritania and Guinea took advantage of this 
exercise, as did many of the delegations, to express their commitment to the multilateral system 
and the WTO trade negotiations.  
5.71.   I would add that Guinea provided details on export taxes applicable to mini ng products and 
tax concessions granted throughout the mining sector, as well as on the steps taken to ensure the 
sector's contribution to the development of local communities.  
5.72.   Guinea and Mauritania expressed considerable interest in increasing their participation in 
WTO technical assistance and aid -for-trade activities. Many delegations highlighted their bilateral 
cooperation and tariff preferences.  
5.73.   The representative of the International Trade Centre also put forward an interesting 
cooperation propos al. 
5.74.   A large number of delegations emphasized the importance of using this exercise as an 
opportunity to become more actively involved in the WTO; many of them stressed, in a 
constructive way, how much the WTO can do for LDCs. I cordially invite both countr ies not to miss 
such an opportunity.  
5.75.   I shall close with thanks to Mauritania and Guinea, and to you, Mr  Chairperson, for 
entrusting me with the task of serving as the Discussant. I am grateful for the Secretariat's 
wonderful support, but, first and foremos t, I want to praise Guinea and Mauritania for their efforts. 
I understand the huge constraints facing the two countries as they forge ahead with a process of 
reforms that are not always to everyone's liking. I urge them to reflect on all the matters we hav e 
jointly discussed here and to take advantage of these three days in Geneva to look to the future 
and to re -direct their course wherever they deem necessary.  
GHANA  
5.76.   I will like to begin with Guinea.  
5.77.   Ghana 's historical relations with Guinea go back to the 1 950s when the two countries 
established diplomatic relations, in 1958 founded the Union of Independent African States (UIAS, 
Ghana -Guinea, 1958 -1960) which subsequently became the Union of African States (UAS, Ghana -
Guinea -Mali, 1960 -1963).  
5.78.   Guinea later b ecame home to Ghana 's first President, Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah after 
his overthrow in a military coup in 1966 where he was elevated to the status of co -President of 
Guinea by the late Guinean President Ahmed Sekou Touré.  
5.79.   In 2014, President Alpha Condé was the Special Guest at Ghana 's 57th Independence 
Anniversary celebration at the invitation of Ghana 's President John Mahama in fulfilment of a 
desire to further deepen existing relations between the two countries.  
5.80.   Ghana recognizes despite the Ebola crisi s and the low commodity prices in 2014 -15, the 
Guinean economy grew at 6.6% in 2016. The more than six million hectares of arable land and the 
considerable agricultural potential of Guinea which provides employment to over 80% of the 
population and account s for around 20% of GDP, with a growth rate faster than other sectors of 
the economy could be an enable for addressing Guinea 's food insecurity. Cognizant that irrigation 
schemes remain precarious, support for farmers remain inadequate, agricultural inputs  and 
improved seeds are not available, and yields are low, the increasing reliance on food imports 
remains a great concern, even though about 75% of arable land remains uncultivated.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 46 - 
 
  5.81.   In that regard, we note with appreciation Government 's initiatives such as the National 
Agricultural Investment and Food Security Plan, setting up agriculture finance systems in rural 
areas and promoting the development irrigation, all aimed at addressing these challenges and 
increasing production and productivity.  
5.82.   Guinea is A frica's top producer of bauxite, aluminium ore, and has the world 's largest 
deposits of iron ore, but decades of mining have failed to lift most Guineans out of poverty. The 
economy had remained dependent on the mining sector, which alone accounted for mor e than a 
quarter of GDP and over 75% of export earnings which, if well harnessed, could help achieve 
genuine, sustained socio -economic development.  
5.83.   The Guinean Government 's efforts at taking Energy to the people through the Decentralized 
Rural Electrificat ion Project (PERD) and the policy measures aimed at transferring 14 factories 
back to the private sector are also commendable.  
5.84.   At the ECOWAS level, Ghana notes Guinea 's implementation of the ECOWAS common 
external tariff (CET), which came into force on 1 J anuary 2017 and trusts that the CET 's fifth band, 
the "Development Band ", at 35%, could help her in diversifying and strengthening her production 
base.  
5.85.   Let me now turn to Mauritania.  
5.86.   The reports indicate that Mauritania has considerable natural resources,  including iron ore, 
gold and copper, some quantities of offshore oil and a coastline that provides some of the richest 
fishing grounds in the world as well as a vast potential for livestock farming.  
5.87.   Although productivity is poor and the economy is uncompe titive, growth between 2010 and 
2014 was strong. The extractive industry (iron ore, gold and copper), played a key role in driving 
the economy, but generated less than 2.5% of employment (2013).  
5.88.   The Fisheries sector which contributes around 20% of governm ent revenue and about 
60,000 jobs in 2017 is an important sector that should play a leading role in combating food 
security. The Government 's fisheries policy aimed at protecting fisheries resources and integrating 
them into the framework of national devel opment strategy objectives to manage and sustain 
revenue, and integrate the sector into the economy in order to maximize the socio -economic 
benefits that it can offer.  
5.89.   I wish to recognize and applaud Mauritanian government 's efforts to improve the business 
environment in the form of the adoption of a code of property rights; the implementation of the 
Doing Business roadmap; the implementation of a business creation process that complies with 
international standards; improvem ent in the processing of applications for accreditation under the 
preferential regimes set out in the investment code; and the adoption of the law on public -private 
partnerships and its implementing decrees.  
5.90.   These major reforms have pushed the country rap idly up the Doing Business rankings, 
gaining 26 places in just three years (2014 -2017), including 10 in 2017 alone.  
5.91.   I however take note that the Mauritanian economy is highly vulnerable to exogenous shocks 
and the increasingly obvious effects of climate c hange which has to be addressed.  
5.92.   To conclude, let me commend both countries for their full participation in negotiations, and 
signing of the Africa CFTA.  
EUROPEAN  UNION   
5.93.   On this second day of the joint trade policy review of Guinea and Mauritania, I would  like to 
extend the European Union's warm thanks to both countries for presenting the developments that 
have occurred since their previous reviews and for their detailed responses to our questions, which 
reflect the EU's patent interest in this region in t erms of trade and development.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 47 - 
 
  5.94.   My thanks also for the very useful and positive additional details received this morning.  
5.95.   On the other hand, I note that a number of our questions have not yet been answered, 
doubtless because of time constraints. We would ap preciate it if Guinea would return to the 
questions we submitted in writing and forwarded to the Secretariat, with thanks for the further 
replies received this morning already.  
5.96.   In closing, I thank the delegations that worked hard to ensure the success of t hese two  days 
of proceedings and wish them a positive conclusion to this review.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.97.   The United States would like to thank the delegations of Guinea and Mauritania for their 
participation and active engagement in this Trade Policy Review, which w e believe to be a useful 
exercise in advancing integration into the WTO system.  
5.98.   As mentioned during the first day of the TPR, we recognize the challenges of the review 
process for all Members  and we appreciate the partial responses received so far. We cert ainly look 
forward to receiving the full answers to the questions we submitted in connection with these 
reviews.  
5.99.   We have followed with interest and appreciation the deep challenges faced by both Members 
since their last reviews and are very pleased to see economic growth trends and deeper regional 
integration. We look forward to hearing more good news on useful reforms, investment, and 
progress. In particular, we hope to see evidence of significant reforms by the Mauritanian 
Government concerning "bonded la bour". 
5.100.   We would again respectfully urge the Government s of Guinea and Mauritania to ratify the 
Trade Facilitation Agreement, to notify the WTO of legislation on intellectual property rights, and to 
ratify the Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement. The Unit ed States ag ain strongly urges both 
Members to address outstanding notification obligations in various areas and to meet obligations 
related to WTO tariff bindings and membership contributions.  
5.101.   In that regard, we comment Mauritania for the news shared this  morning regarding full 
payment of its contributions. T his is an excellent and welcomed  news.  
5.102.   In addition, we look forward to Guinea and Mauritania continuing to make advances in 
infrastructure, improve the business and regulatory environment, develop the workforce, diversify 
exports, and to attract increased foreign investment and tourism.  
5.103.   The United States welcomes and looks forward to continued cooperation with Guinea and 
Mauritania. We congratulate you both on a successful review.  
NIGERIA   
5.104.   Thank you to the delegations of Guinea and Mauritania for their very comprehensive 
reports and also for the energy and resources that have been put into place since the beginning of 
the review.  
5.105.   We didn 't raise any questions, we didn 't make any comment s but we wish to c ongratulate 
the two countries f or their successful review as attested to by the last two speakers.  
5.106.   More importantly, we are mindful of the challenge faced by countries that have to do a 
joint review. I t has not been easy to do that and you deserve a commendation for having done so 
successfully.  
5.107.   As a c ountry that is also within the W est-African region, we will also be looking for ward to 
an opportunity where we can have our review jointly done together in the context of ECOWAS and 
I think Members of ECO WAS will also look forward to it, where collectively we can have a joint 
review which would also deepen and facilitate integration within the sub -region.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 48 - 
 
  5.108.   We also look forward to experience sharing in terms of how we are able to do this 
successfully.  
5.109.   Once a gain, you deserve congratulations.  
5.110.   I think that there are just three points we need to emphasize. One relates to the issue of 
the Common External Tariff and I think maybe the discussant must have highlighted it, and 
perhaps the Chairman also highlighted it in his concluding remarks. I won 't go into details about 
the challenge posed by the implementation of the Common External Tariff but I will leave it at 
that. 
5.111.   The second one relates to the implementation and ratification of the Trade Facilitation 
Agreement  which I think w ould be very helpful in terms of your business regulatory environment, 
your competitiveness and also your ability to attract foreign direct investment. We encourage you 
to do your best to expeditiously ratify the TFA while also minding the challenges posed, and we 
believe that technical and capacity building will be forthcoming on the basis of positive indications 
of the ability to ratify the TFA.  
5.112.   The last one I want to encourage is technical and capacity building both in the context of 
aid for trade but also of the development initiatives that partners could be encouraged to make 
available to these two countries that are facing different challenges which are not the same. But 
honestly, we turn to partners and also the WTO Members to be able to come to your rescue in 
trying to seek out the necessary technical and capacity building to be able to sustain your reforms 
that is also very welcomed.  
5.113.   Like I said, we have gladly taken the floor to congratulate and also to express our 
solidarity and to continue to assure you that Nigeria will continue to partner with you both in your 
regional integration, and also our bilateral relations.  
MS FANTA  CISSÉ  (GUINEA)  
5.114.   I feel that I did not sufficiently thank the friend of Guinea who has been with us today, 
namely the Discussant, who, despite the huge difficulties facing our countries, as well as the 
reforms and all the new measures undertaken to lift us out of under -development and poverty, 
voiced words of encouragement not only to Guinea but also to our fellow  country, Mauritania. The 
thanks I expressed earlier fell short of the deep appreciation I now want to convey.  
  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 49 - 
 
  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS B Y THE CHAIRPERSON  
6.1.  This second joint review of Guinea and Mauritania, the fourth for Guinea and the third for 
Mauritania, has enabled us to assess the changes in their trade policies and practices, and the 
effects thereof on their economies since 2011. Our discussions have b enefited from the 
participation of H.E. Ms Naha Mint Hamdi Ould Mouknass, Minister for Trade, Industry and Tourism 
and head of the delegation of Mauritania, and Ms Fanta Cisse, Secretary General of the Ministry of 
Trade and head of the delegation of Guinea . I am also grateful to H.E. Mr Alberto Sanz for his 
contribution as the discussant, and to the Members for their commitment to this review.  
6.2.  Members began by commending Guinea and Mauritania on the reforms that had helped to 
improve their macroeconomic sit uation. Those reforms have included a restructuring of their 
exchange rate regimes, actions to combat fraud and enhance the transparency of their payment 
systems, and a tightening of both their monetary and budgetary policies. At the sectoral level, the 
adoption of new mining and petroleum legislation, implementation of targeted measures in the 
agricultural sector, improvement of the transport and communication infrastructure and, above all, 
expansion of electricity generation capacity had to some extent in creased the attractiveness of 
those economies.  
6.3.  The reforms contributed to a substantial increase in the annual GDP growth rates in both 
countries until 2014, after which they declined on account of the collapse of the world prices of 
gold, bauxite and iron  ore, exacerbated in 2015, in the case of Guinea by the Ebola epidemic, and 
of Mauritania by a severe and prolonged drought. Owing to the sharp inequalities in wealth 
distribution, aggravated in part by the fall in world prices, poverty levels remain high within the 
two countries, which remain essentially dependent on the mining sector as the main source of 
their export earnings.  
6.4.  In regard to trade policy, the Members invited Mauritania and Guinea to ratify and implement 
the Trade Facilitation Agreement and  the Protocol amending the TRIPS Agreement. They reiterated 
most of the concerns already expressed at the time of the previous joint review of the 
two countries and emphasized the need to make further improvements in the business 
environment in each countr y and to stimulate investment in the areas in which their potential 
remained largely untapped. Those concerns relate in particular to:  
- the exceeding of WTO tariff bindings  which will be aggravated following the 
implementation of the ECOWAS common externa l tariff by the two countries;  
- the numerous other duties and charges  on imports;  
- the numerous waivers and exemptions  which further complicate the taxation 
systems of the two countries;  
- the need to review the multiple export taxes ; and  
- the gaps in r egard to notifications  to the WTO, particularly where technical 
regulations, SPS measures and state trading are concerned.  
6.5.  Members also invited the two countries to tackle the lack of competition, particularly in the 
area of food product imports; to continue in their efforts to diversify their economies; and to 
pursue their efforts to enhance governance, particularly in the mi ning sector. Emphasis was laid on 
the urgent need for sustainable management in the fisheries industries. The two countries were 
likewise invited once again to strengthen their commitments under the GATS, particularly where 
banking and insurance services w ere concerned. Several participants encouraged Guinea and 
Mauritania to improve the protection of intellectual property rights by, among other measures, 
effectively combating counterfeiting. Members welcomed the new provisions on government 
procurement and  on public -private partnerships, and called for their full and speedy 
implementation.  
6.6.  Members took note of the responses provided by the delegations of Guinea and Mauritania, 
and look forward to receiving the outstanding responses.  WT/TPR/M/3 70 • Guinea  
WT/TPR/M/371  • Mauritania  
 
- 50 - 
 
  6.7.  In conclusion, I believe  that this review has enabled us to deepen our understanding of the 
trade -related policies and practices of Guinea and Mauritania. The numerous statements made 
during the course of this review reflect the importance that Members attach to the two countries  
and to their trade regimes in particular. This is illustrated by the high number – a total of 28 – 
speakers during the first session, and we have had four further statements, bringing that number 
to 32, with a total of 138 advance written questions. The c onsideration by the two Members of the 
relevant conclusions of this Review as they pursue their reforms, coupled with the improvement of 
their multilateral commitments, should serve to enhance the transparency and predictability of 
their trade regimes and contribute to attracting foreign investment. I invite Members to support 
Guinea and Mauritania in their continued efforts by providing further market access for their goods 
and services, and by being more attentive to their requests for technical and finan cial assistance, 
so as to enable them to meet the challenges that lie along the road towards their full integration 
into the multilateral trading system.  
__________