EN EN
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
Brussels, XXX
[…](2013) XXX draft
COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) No …/..
of XXX
on vehicle functional safety requirements for the approval of two -or three -wheel 
vehicles and quadricycles
(Text with EEA relevance)EN 2 ENEXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
1. CONTEXT OFTHE DELEGATED ACT
(a) Grounds forandobjectives oftheproposal
Theterm ‘L-category vehicles’ covers awide range ofdifferent vehicle typeswith two, three
orfour wheels, e.g. two-and three -wheel mopeds, two-and three -wheel motorcy cles,
motorcy cleswith side-carsandlight four-wheel vehicles (quadricy cles)such ason-road quads
andquadri -mobiles.
Type-approval requirements applyingtonew L-category vehicles arecurrentl ysetoutin
Directive 2002/24/EC oftheEurope anParliament and oftheCouncil1(the ‘Framework
Directive’). Inaddition, aseries ofDirectives referred tointheFramework Directive contain
detailed technical requirements relating toL-category vehicles.
The Commission hasidentified thefollowing keyconcerns asregards thecurrent provisions
forthetype-approval ofnew L-category vehicles andthese concerns need tobeaddressed:
– thecomplexity ofthelegal framework;
– thelevel ofemissions and their increase asaproportion oftotal road transport
emissions, which aredecreasing overall;
– vehicle functional safet yaspects related totype-approval requirements;
– thelack ofalegal framework forvehicles fitted with new technologies; and
– theavailability ontheinternal market ,andregistration of,certain imported vehicles,
systems, components orseparate technical units which donotcompl ywith the
current type-approval requirements regarding vehicle functional safety and/or
environmental protection.
This proposal consolidates current type-approval requirements regarding thefunctional safet y
ofL-category vehicles ,updating them inlinewith technical progress andsimplify ingthem as
much aspossible byreferring tointernational requirements inthis area (e.g. UNECE
Regulations ).
(b) Existing provisions inthearea oftheproposal
– Framework Directive 2002/24/EC ;
– Directives 93/14/EEC2,93/30/EEC3,93/93/EEC4,95/1/EC5,97/24/EC6,2009/67/EC7
and2009/80/EC8.
Type-approval legislation isaddressed intheCARS 21initiative launched in2005 tocarry
outaregulatory and policy review oftheautomotive sector toinform theCommission ’s
thinking onfuture policy options. CARS 21was partly aresponse toconcern sexpressed by
automotive industry stakeholders thatthecumulative cost ofregulation hadanegative effect
oncompetitiveness andmade vehicles unnecessarily expensive. The CARS 21Final Report
  
1OJ L 124, 9.5.2002, p. 1.
2OJ L 121, 15.5.1993, p. 1.
3OJ L 188, 29.7.1993, p. 1.
4OJ L 311, 14.12.1993, p. 76.
5OJ L 52, 8.3.1995, p. 1.
6OJ L 226, 18.8.1997, p. 1.
7OJ L 222, 25.8 .2009, p. 1.
8OJ L 202, 4.8.2009, p. 16.EN 3 ENconcluded that,while most ofthelegislation inforce should bemaintained fortheprotection
ofcitizens and the environment, arrangements should besimplified bymeans of
rationalis ation andinternational harmonisation. Plans forthissimplification were setoutin
theCommission ’sSecond progress report onthestrategy forsimplifying theregulatory
environment .Anyinitiative taken should bealigned with thisstrategy .Referring toUNECE
Regulations that replac ecurrent EUlegislation isaparticularl yeffective way ofreducing
complexity andtheburden onvehicle manufacturers, approval authorities and technical
services.
The type-approval measures inthis legalframework arealigned with theEuropean Road
Safety Action Plan 2011 -20andtheEuropean Road Safet yCharter (ERSC) 2000 -10.The
ERSC aimed tohalve thenumber ofroad fatalities by2010. Riders ofL-category vehicles
belong toavulnerable road user group,with thehighest fatalit yandinjury rates ofallroad
users.
Forthese reasons ,thisdelegated actonvehicle functional safet ystipulates detailed technical
provisions andtestprocedures ,with reference totheCodecision act,Regulation (EU) No
168/20139tohelp achiev etheEU’sgoals interms ofsimplification androad safet y.
2. CONSULTATIONS PRIOR TOTHE ADOPTION OFTHE ACT
(a) Consultation ofinterested parties
The European Commission launched apublic consultation togather theviews ofinterested
parties onitsproposals fornew legislation onL-category vehicle approval. The consultation
document provide dbackground andaskedforopinions ontheproposals .
The consultation targeted thegroups most affected, including type-approval authorities,
manuf acturers, suppliers andconsumers. Itwaspublished inEnglish, French andGerman on
adedicated website.
TheCommission hasacknowledged thereceipt ofallresponses totheconsultation, andthese
have been made publicl yavailable.
(b) Consultation methods, mainsectors targeted andgeneral profile ofrespondents
TheCommission consulted stakeholders inanumber ofways:
The public consultation ,covering possible controversial aspects oftheCodecision proposal,
took place ontheinternet between 22December 2008and27February 2009. Reactions were
received from Member States, theL-category vehicle andcomponent manufacturing industry ,
transport organisations, user organisations, other non-governmental organisations andprivate
individual s.
Thecontents ofthedraft Codecision proposal andthedelegated actswere discussed inseveral
meetings oftheCommission’s Working Group (MCWG) onL-category vehicles.
Finally ,manybilateral meetings were held inwhich individual stakeholders could freely
express their views.
(c) Impact assessment
Foreach ofthemain aspects oftheCodecision act,including parts ofthis proposal, the
possible economic, environmental, safet yand social advantages and disadvantages ofthe
various options were assessed inbothqualitative andquantitative terms .The options were
  
9OJ L60, 2.3.2013, p. 52EN 4 ENthen compared and one preferred option ,oralogical combination oftwo options ,was
identified anddescribed. These preferred options form thebasis oftheCodecision actandits
delegated acts.
However, many detailed technical aspects ofthisdelegated actonvehicle functional safet y
were carried over from therepealed Directives referred toinArticle 81oftheCodecision act
andforthese animpact assessment wasdeemed unnecessary .
The draft impact assessment report was scrutinised bytheImpact Assessment Board ,whose
recommendations foritsimprovement were incorporated asfaraspossible. The Board ’s
opinion onthereport was published together with theCodecision proposal ,thefinal report
anditsexecutive summa ry.
3. LEGAL ELEMENTS OFTHE DELEGATED ACT
(a) Legal basis
Thelegal basis oftheproposal isArticle 290oftheTreaty ontheFunctioning oftheEuropean
Union (TFEU).
(b) Subsidiarity principle
Prior totheestablishment ofEUtype-approval forL-category vehicles, standards were
established atMember State level. The legislation often varied and manufacturers were
obliged tovary their production ofvehicles, systems, components orseparate technical units
according ly.Also, these had tobetested foreach Member State market ,which was
time-consuming andcostly .Different national rules consequentl yhindered trade andhada
negative effect ontheestablishment andfunctioning oftheinternal market.
Itwas therefore necessary totake measures atEUlevel, especiall ytoaddress EU-wide
concerns regarding safety .Framework Directive 2002/24/EC, which wasbased onArticle 95
oftheTreat yestablishing theEuropean Community ,aimed toestablish aninternal market in
thisarea while ensuring ahigh level ofprotection forhealth, safet yandtheenvironment.
There isstillaneed forEUaction toavoid fragmentation oftheinternal market andensure
consistently high level sofprotection across Europe.
Afurther advantage ofEU-level legislation aretheeconomies ofscale through harmonised
legal requirements: vehicles, systems, components and separate technical units can be
produced forthewhole European market, rather than customised toobtain type-approval in
individual Member State s.Also, updating thelegal framework inlinewith technical progress
will ensure alevel playing-field formanufacturers with regard tonew technology .Due to
EU-wide competition, consumers willbenefit from lower prices.
Finally ,strengthening market surveillance measures willhelp ensure thatthesame setofrules
applies toallmanufacturers operating ontheEU market and that environmental and
vehicle -safet ytype-approval requirements areenforced .
(c) Proportionality principle
Theproposal complies with theproportionality principle because itdoes notgobeyondwhat
isnecessary toachieve theobjectives ofensuring theproper functioning oftheinternal market
while atthesame time providing forahigh level offunctional safet y.
(d) Choice ofinstruments
The useofaFramework Regulation isconsidered tobeappropriate inthat itprovides the
required assurance forcompliance while notrequiring transposition into Member States’
legislation.EN 5 ENThe proposal uses the‘split -level approach’ originall yintroduced attherequest ofthe
European Parlia ment andused inother legislation forEUtype-approval ofmotor vehicles.
This approach provides forlegislation inthree steps:
– thefundamental provisions andscope arelaiddown bytheEuropean Parliament and
theCouncil inaRegulation based onArticle 114 TFEU inaccordance with the
ordinary legislative procedure ;
– thetechnical specifications associated with thefundamental provisions arelaiddown
inthree delegated acts(Article 290):
(a) aRegulation onenvironmental andpropulsion performance requireme nts;
(b) aRegulation onvehicle functional safet yrequirements andrelated subjects ,
containing requirements regarding :
(1) audible warning devices;
(2) braking, including anti-lock andcombined braking systems;
(3) electrical safet y;
(4) manufacturer declara tion requirements regarding endurance testing of
functional safet ycritical systems, parts andequipment;
(5) front andrearprotective structures;
(6) glazing, windscreen wipers andwashers, anddefrosting anddemisting
systems;
(7) driver -operated contro lsincluding identification ofcontrols, tell-tales and
indicators;
(8) installation oflighting andlight signalling devices, including automatic
switching oflighting;
(9) rearward visibility ;
(10) roll-over protective structure (ROPS);
(11) safet ybeltanchorages andsafet ybelts;
(12) seating positions (saddles andseats);
(13) steer -abilit y,cornering properties andturn-ability ;
(14) installation oftyres;
(15) maximum vehicle speed limitation plate anditslocation onthevehicle;
(16) vehicle occupa ntprotection, including interior fittings andvehicle doors;
(17) maximum continuous rated and/or netpower and/or maximum vehicle
speed limitation bydesign;
(18) vehicle structure integrity ;and
(c) aRegulation onvehicle construction requirements ;and
– anImplementing Act(Article 291ofTFEU) sets outtheadministrative provisions
regarding theinformation document, thedefinitions inthetype-approval certificate,
thecertificate ofconformity andassociated production conformity requirements, etc.EN 6 ENCOMMI SSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) No …/..
of XXX
on vehicle functional safety requirements for the approval of two -or three -wheel vehicles and 
quadricycles
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN COMMI SSION,
Having regard totheTreaty ontheFunctioning oftheEuropean Union, andinparticular Article 290
thereof,
Having regard toRegulation (EU) No168/2013 oftheEuropean Parliament andoftheCouncil of 
15 January 2013 ontheapproval and market surveillance oftwo-orthree -wheel vehicles and
quadricy cles10,andinparticular Articles 18(3),20(2), 22(5),54(3) thereof ,
Whereas:
(1) Theinternal market comprises anarea without internal frontiers inwhich thefreemovement
ofgoods, persons, services andcapital isensured. Tothat end, comprehensive EU type-
approval and astrengthened market surveillance system forL-category vehicles and its
systems, comp onents and separate technical units ,asdefined byRegulation (EU) No
168/2013 apply .
(2) Theterm ‘L-category vehicles’ covers awide range oflight vehicle typeswith two, three or
four wheels, e.g. powered cycles, two-and three -wheel mopeds, two-and three -wheel
motorcy cles,motorcy cleswith side-cars andfour-wheel vehicles (quadricy cles)such ason-
road quads, all-terrain vehicles andquadrimobile s.
(3) ByCounc ilDecision 97/836/EC11,theUnion acceded totheAgreement oftheUnited
Nations Economic Commission forEurope concerning theadoption ofuniform technical
prescriptions forwheeled vehicles, equipment andparts which canbefitted toand/or be
used onwheeled vehicles andtheconditions forreciprocal recognition ofapprovals granted
onthebasis ofthese prescriptions (‘Revised 1958 Agreement ’).
(4) ByDecision 97/836/EC ,theUnion also acceded toUnited Nations Economic Commission 
for Europe (UNECE )Regulat ions Nos 1,3,4,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,16,17,18,19,20,
21,23,25,26,28,31,34,37,38,39,43,44,46,48,58,66,73,77,79,80,87,89,90,91,
93,97,98,99,100and102.
(5) TheUnion acceded toUNECE Regulation No110 onspecific componen tsofmotor vehicles
using compressed natural gas(CNG) intheir propulsion system andonvehicles with regard
totheinstallation ofspecific components ofanapproved typefortheuseofcompressed
natural gas(CNG) intheir propulsion system. ByCouncil Decision 2000/710/EC12,the
Union hasalso acceded toUNECE Regulation No67ontheapproval ofspecial equipment
formotor vehicles fuelled byliquefied petroleum gas.
  
10OJ L60, 2.3.2013, p. 52
11OJ L 346, 17.12.1997, p. 78.
12OJ L 290, 17.11.2000, p. 29.EN 7 EN(6) Manufacturers applyfortype approval forL-category vehicles, their systems, component sor
separate technical units inaccordance with Regulation (EU) No168/2013 .In the Union 
legislation m ostrequirements onvehicle parts aretaken over from thecorresponding
UNECE regulations. UNECE regulations areconstantly amended inlinewith technol ogical
progress andtherespective Union regulations have toberegularl yupdated accordingl y.In
order toavoid this duplication, theCARS 21High Level Group recommended13the 
replacement of several Union directives by wayof the incorporation and compuls ory 
application of the corresponding UNECE regulations in Union law .
(7) Thepossibility ofapply ingUNECE regulations byvirtue of Union legislation that provides for the 
incorporation of those UNECE regulations forthepurpose ofEUvehicle type-approval is
provided forinRegulation (EU) No168/2013 .Under that Regulation ,type-approval in
accordance with UNECE regulations which apply onacompulsory basis isregarded asEU
type-approval inaccordance with thatRegulation anditsdelegated andimplementing acts.
(8) The compulsory application of UNECE regulations helps avoid ingduplication notonly of
technical requirements butalso ofcertification andadministrative procedures. Inaddition,
type-approval that isdirectl ybased oninternationally agreed standard scould improve
market access inthird countries, inparticular those which arecontracting parties tothe
Revised 1958 Agreement, and thus enhance theUnion industry ’scompetitiveness.
(9) Itisappropriate toinclude UNECE Regulations Nos 1,3,4,6,7,8,10,14,16,17,18,19,
20,23,26,28,30,31,34,37,38,39,43,44,45,46,48,53,54,55,56,57,60,62,64,67,
72,74,75,76,77,78,81,82,87,90,91,97,98,99,100, ,104, 106, 110, 112, 113, 116,
119, 121, 122, 123and127inthelistofUNECE regulations thatapply onacompulsory
basis set-out inAnnex ItothisRegulation .
(10) Article 2 2of, and Annexes II (B)and VIII to, Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 laydown 
functional safet y requirements . Requirements regarding saddles and seats, steer -ability, 
cornering properties and turn-ability , endurance testing of functional safety critical s ystems, 
parts and equipment and vehicle structure integrity are deemed paramount for the functional 
safet yof an L-category vehicle, as well as r equirements on ele ctrical safet y,which was
added in order to adapt totechnical progress. Requirements regarding the maximum speed 
limitation plate and its location on the vehicle as also regarding roll-over protective structure
have been adopted to address specific charac teristics of category L7e-B vehicle's that are 
designed for off -road use but that travel also on hard-paved public roads.
(11) ThisRegulation should apply asfrom date of application ofRegulation (EU) No168/2013 .
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
CHAPTER I
SUBJEC TMATTER AND DEFINITIONS
Article 1
Subject matter
This Regulation sets out a list of UNECE regulations and amendments thereto and 
establishes thedetailed technical requirements and testprocedures regarding functional
safet yfortheapproval andmarket surveillance ofL-category vehicles andthesystems,
  
13Report published by the Commission in 2006 entitled ‘CARS 21: A Competitive Automotive Regulatory 
System for the 21st century’EN 8 ENcomponents andseparate technical units intended for such vehicles inaccordance with
Regulation (EU) No168/2013 .
Article 2
Definitions
The definitions ofRegulation (EU) No168/2013 shall apply.Inaddit ion, thefollowing
definitions shall apply :
(1) ‘audible warning device’ means adevice emitting anacoustic signal intended togive
warning ofthepresence of,oramanoeuvre by,avehicle inadangerous road traffic
situation , consist ingofone or more sound emission orifices that areexcited byasingle
power source orofseveral components each emitting anacoustic signal andoperating
simultaneously asaresult ofbeing actuated byasingle control ;
(2) ‘typeofelectrical audible warning device’ means audible warning devices notessentially
differing among themselves, particularly inrespect ofthefollowing aspects: trade mark or
name, operating principle, typeofpower supply (direct current, alternating current,
compressed air), outer shape ofthecasing, shape anddimensions ofthediaphragm(s),
shape ortypeofthesound emission orifice(s), nominal sound frequencies, nominal supply
voltage and,inthecase ofwarning devices supplied direct byanexternal source of
compressed air,thenominal operating pressure ;
(3) ‘type of mechanical audible warning device’ means audible warning devices not 
essentially differing among themselves, particularly in respect of the following aspects: 
trade mark or name, operating principle, t ype of actuation, outer shape and size of the bell 
and the internal construction;
(4) ‘typeofvehicle with regard totheaudible warning’ means vehicles which donotdiffer in
such essential respects as:thenumber ofaudible warning devices fitted tothevehicle, the
type(s) ofaudible warning device(s) fitted tothevehicle, themountings used tofitthe
audible warning device(s) tothevehicle, theposition and orientation oftheaudible
warning device(s) onthevehicle, therigidit yoftheparts ofthestructure onwhich the
audible warning device(s) is/are fitted and theshape and materials ofthebody work
forming thepart ofthevehicle which may affect thelevel ofthesound emitted bythe
audible warning device(s) andwhich may have amasking effect;
(5) ‘body work’ means theexternal structure ofthemotor vehicle which comprise soffenders,
doors, pillars, side walls, roof, floor, front bulkhead, rear bulkhead and/or other external
panels;
(6) ‘typeofvehicle with regard tobraking’ means vehicles which donotdiffer insuch
essential respects asthemaximum mass, thedistribution ofmass between theaxles, the
maximum vehicle design speed, thetyresizes andwheel dimensions, aswell asthedesign
characteristics ofthebraking system anditscomponents;
(7) ‘typeofvehicle with regard toelectrical safet y’means vehicles which donotdiffer insuch
essential respects asthelocation ofconducting parts and components oftheentire
electrical system installed inthevehicle ,theinstallation oftheelectric powertrain andthe
galvanicall yconnected highvoltage bus aswell asthenature and typeofelectric
powertrain andthegalvanically connected high voltage components ;
(8) ‘active driving possible mode’ means thevehicle mode when application oftheelectric
acceleration position sensor, activation ofanequivalent control orrelease ofthebrake
systemwillcause theelectric power train topropel thevehicle;EN 9 EN(9) ‘barrier’ means thepart providing protection against direct contact totheliveparts from
anydirection ofaccess;
(10) ‘conductive connection’ meanstheconnection using connectors toanexternal power
supply when therechargeable energy storage system (REESS) ischarged;
(11) ‘REESS’ means therechargeable electric energy storage system thatprovides energy for
electric propulsion;
(12) ‘coupling system forcharging theREE SS’means theelectrical circuit used forcharging
theREESS from anexternal electric power suppl yincluding thevehicle inlet;
(13) ‘direct contact’ means thecontactofpersons with liveparts;
(14) ‘electrical chassis’ means asetmade ofconduct iveparts electricall ylinked together,
whose potential istaken asreference;
(15) ‘electrical circuit’ means anassembly ofconnected live parts which isdesigned tobe
electricall yenergized innormal operation;
(16) ‘electric energy conversion system’ means asystem that generates andprovides electric
energy forelectric propulsion;
(17) ‘electric power train’ means theelectrical circuit which includes thetraction motor(s), and
include stheREESS, theelectric energy conversion system, theelectronic converters, the
associated wiring harness and connectors, and thecoupling system forcharging the
REESS;
(18) ‘electronic converter’ means adevice capable ofcontrolling and/or converting electric
power forelectric propulsion;
(19) ‘enclosure’ means thepart enclosing theinternalunits andproviding protection against
direct contact from anydirection ofaccess;
(20) ‘exposed conductive part’ means theconductive part which canbetouched under the
provisions oftheprotection degree IPXXB, and which becomes electrically energized
under isolation failure conditions;
(21) ‘external electric power supply ’means analternating current (AC) ordirect current (DC)
electric power suppl youtside ofthevehicle;
(22) ‘highvoltage’ means theclassification ofanelectric component orcircuit, ifit’sworking
voltage is>60Vand1500 VDCor>30Vand1000 VACrootmean square (rms);
(23) ‘highvoltage bus’ means theelectrical circuit, including thecoupling system forcharging
theREESS thatoperates onhigh voltage;
(24) ‘indirect contact’ means thecontact ofpersons with exposed conductive parts;
(25) ‘liveparts’ means theconductive part(s) intended tobeelectricall yenergized innormal
use;
(26) ‘luggage compartment’ means thespace inthevehicle forluggage accommodation,
bounded bytheroof, bonnet, trunk lidorreardoor andfloor andside walls, aswell asby
thebarrier andenclosure provided forprotecting thepower train from direct contact with
liveparts, being separated from thepassenger compartment bythefront orrearbulkhead;
(27) ‘on-board isolation resistance monitoring system’ means thedevice which monitors the
isolation resistance between thehigh voltage buses andtheelectrical chassis;EN 10 EN(28) ‘opentypetraction battery ’means aliquid typebattery requiring refilling with water and
generating hydrogen gasreleased totheatmo sphere;
(29) ‘passenger compartment’ means thespace foroccupant accommodation, bounded bythe
roof, floor, side walls, doors, window glass,front bulkhead andrearbulkhead, orreargate,
aswell asbythebarriers andenclosures provided forprotecting thepower train from direct
contact with liveparts;
(30) ‘protection degree’ means theprotection provided byabarrier orenclosure related tothe
contact with liveparts byatestprobe, such asajointed testfinger (IPXXB) oratestwire
access probe (IPXXD);
(31) ‘service disconnect’ means thedevice fordeactivation oftheelectrical circuit forthe
purpose ofservicing orchecking electrical components such astheREESS andfuel cell
stack;
(32) ‘solid insulator’ means theinsulation coating ofwiring harnesses insulati nglive parts
against direct contact from anydirection ofaccess ,covers insulating live parts of
connectors, aswell asvarnish orpaint applied forthepurpose ofinsulation;
(33) ‘working voltage’ means thehighest value ofanelectrical circuit voltage root-mean -square
(rms) asspecified bythevehicle manufacturer foreach separate andgalvanicall yisolated
circuit, which may occur between anyconductive parts inopen circuit conditions orunder
normal operating condition ;
(34) ‘typeofvehicle with regard toendurance’ means vehicles which donotdiffer insuch
essential respects astheoverall design characteristics aswell asthevehicle andcomponent
manufacturing and assembly facilities aswell astheir quality control and assurance
procedures;
(35) ‘typeofvehiclewith regard tofront andrearprotective structure’ means vehicles which do
notdiffer insuch essential respects astheshape and location ofstructures, parts and
components located atthefront andrearofthevehicle;
(36) ‘projection’ means thedimens ionofanedge asdetermined inaccordance with paragraph 2
ofAnnex 3toUNECE Regulation No26;
(37) ‘floor line’ means thelineasdefined inparagraph 2.4.ofUNECE Regulation No26;
(38) ‘vehicle structure’ means parts of the vehicle, including body work, compon ents, fenders,
brackets, linkage, tyres,wheels, wheel guards andglazing, comp rised ofmaterial with a
hardness ofatleast 60Shore (A);
(39) ‘typeofvehicle with regard toglazing, windscreen wipers andwashers, anddefrosting and
demisting systems’ means vehicles which donotdiffer insuch essential respects asthe
shape, size, thickness and characteristics ofthewindscreen and itsmounting, the
characteristics ofthewiper andwasher system andthecharacteristics ofthedefrosting and
demisting systems;
(40) ‘windscreen wiper system’ means thesystem consisting ofadevice forwiping theouter
face ofthewindscreen, together with theaccessories andcontrols necessary forstarting
andstopping thedevice;
(41) ‘wiper field’ means thearea(s) onthewindscreen wipedbythewiper blade(s) when the
wiper system isoperating under normal conditions;EN 11 EN(42) ‘windscreen washer system’ means the system consisting ofdevices for storing,
transferring andaiming fluid towards theouter face ofthewindscreen, together with the
controls necessary forstarting andstopping thedevice;
(43) ‘washer control’ means thedevice bywhich thewindscreen washer system ismanually
activated anddeactivated;
(44) ‘washer pump’ means adevice fortransferring fluid from thewasher system storage
reservo irtotheouter face ofthewindscreen;
(45) ‘nozzle’ means adevice which serves todirect fluid onto thewindscreen;
(46) ‘fully primed (system )’means asystem which hasbeen activated normally foraperiod of
time andwhere fluid hasbeen transferred through thepump andtubing ,andhasexited the
nozzle(s);
(47) ‘cleaned area’ means thepreviously soiled area which does nothave anytraces ofdrops
andremaining dirtafter ithasdried completel y;
(48) ‘vision area A’means testarea Aasdefined inparagraph 2.2. ofAnne x18toUNECE
Regulation 43;
(49) ‘vehicle master control switch’ means thedevice bywhich thevehicle ’son-board
electronics system isbrought from being switched off,asisthecase when avehicle is
parked without thedriver being present, tonormal operati onmode;
(50) ‘typeofvehicle with regard toidentification ofcontrols, tell-tales andindicators’ means
vehicles which donotdiffer insuch essential respects asthenumber, location anddesign
characteristics ofcontrols, tell-tales andindicators ,andthetolerances ofthespeedometer’s
measuring mechanism, technical constant ofthespeedometer, range ofspeeds display ed,
overall transmission ratio, including anyreduction drives, tothespeedometer and the
minimum andmaximum tyresizedesignations;
(51) ‘cont rol’means anypartofthevehicle orcomponent directl yactuated bythedriver which
causes achange inthestate oroperation ofthevehicle oroneoftheparts thereof;
(52) ‘tell-tale’ means anoptical signal which indicates theactuation ofadevice, corre ctor
defective functioning orcondition, orfailure tofunction;
(53) ‘indicator’ means adevice providing information ontheproper functioning orstate ofa
system orpartofasystem ,such asthelevel ortemperature ofafluid;
(54) ‘speedometer’ means adevice indicating tothedriver thespeed ofthevehicle atanygiven
moment;
(55) ‘odometer’ means adevice thatindicates thedistance travel ledbyavehicle;
(56) ‘symbol’ means adiagram from which toidentify acontrol, atell-taleoranindicator;
(57) ‘common space’ meansaspecific area onwhich more than onetell-tale, indicator, symbol
orother information may bedisplay ed;
(58) ‘typeofvehicle with regard toinstallation oflighting’ means vehicles which donotdiffer
insuch essential respects asthedimensions andoutershape ofthevehicle ,aswell asthe
number, location and design characteristics ofthe installed lighting devices and
light-signalling devices;
(59) ‘lighting device’ means atype-approved lamp ortype-approved retro -reflector;
(60) ‘light -signalling device’ mean salighting device which may beused forsignalling ;EN 12 EN(61) ‘single (lighting device )’means alighting device orpartofadevice, having onefunction
andoneilluminating surface andoneormore light sources ;itmay alsomean anyassembl y
oftwoindependent orgrouped lighting devices, whether identical ornot,having thesame
function, ifthey areinstalled insuch away that theprojections ofthelight-emitting
surfaces ofthelighting devices onagiven transverse plane occupy notlessthan 60% ofthe
smal lestrectangle circumscribing theprojections ofthesaidlight-emitting surfaces;
(62) ‘light -emitting surface’ ofalighting device means allorpartoftheexterior surface ofthe
translucent material, asstated inthecomponent type-approval documentation ;thismay
include orentirely consist oftheilluminating surface andmay also include thearea which
iscompletely circumscribed bythelighting device;
(63) ‘illuminating surface’ ofalighting device means thesurface asdefined inparagraph 2.7.of
UNECE Regulation No53;
(64) ‘independent (lighting device )’means alighting device having aseparate illuminating
surface, light source andlamp body ;
(65) ‘grouped (lighting devices )’means lighting devices having separate illuminating surfaces
andlight sources, butacommon lamp body ;
(66) ‘combined (lighting devices )’means lighting devices having separate illuminating surfaces
butacommon light source andacommon lamp body ;
(67) ‘reciprocall yincorporated (lighting devices )’means lighting devices having separate light
sources orasingle light source operating under different conditions (e.g. optical,
mechanical orelectrical differences), totally orpartially common illuminating surfaces and
acommon lamp body ;
(68) ‘driving -beam headlamp’ means adevice used toilluminate theroadover along distance
ahead ofthevehicle (main beam) ;
(69) ‘passing -beam headlamp’ means adevice used toilluminate theroad ahead ofthevehicle
without causing undue dazzle ordiscomfort tooncoming drivers orother road users
(dipped beam) ;
(70) ‘front positi onlamp’ means adevice used toindicate thepresence ofthevehicle when
viewed from thefront;
(71) ‘daytime running lamp’ means alamp facing inaforward direction used tomake the
vehicle more easilyvisible when driving during daytime;
(72) ‘front foglamp’ meansadevice used toimprove theillumination oftheroad incase offog,
snowfall, rainstorms ordust clouds;
(73) ‘direction indicator lamp’ means adevice used toindicate toother road users that the
driver intends tochange direction totheright ortheleft;
(74) ‘hazard warning signal’ means thesimultaneous operation ofallofavehicle ’sdirection
indicator lamps todraw attention tothefact that thevehicle temporarily constitutes a
special danger toother road users;
(75) ‘stop lamp’ means adevice used toindicate toother road users totherear ofthevehicle
thatthelatter ’sdriver isapply ingtheservice brake;
(76) ‘rear position lamp’ means adevice used toindicate thepresence ofthevehicle when
viewed from therear;
(77) ‘rear foglamp’ means adevice used torender thevehicle more readil yvisible from the
rearintheevent offog,snowfall, rainstorms ordust clouds;EN 13 EN(78) ‘reversing lamp’ means adevice used toilluminate theroad totherearofthevehicle and
towarn other road users thatthevehicle isreversin gorabout toreverse;
(79) ‘rear registration plate lamp’ means adevice used toilluminate thespace intended to
accommodate therearregistration plate thatconsist sofone or several optical elements;
(80) ‘retro -reflector’ means adevice used toindicate thepresence ofavehicle bythereflection
oflight emanating from alight source notconnected tothevehicle, theobserver being
situated near thatsource , excluding retro -reflecting registration plates orspeed limitation
plates;
(81) ‘rear retro -reflector’ means aretro -reflector device used toindicate thepresence ofthe
vehicle when viewed from therear;
(82) ‘side retro -reflector’ means aretro -reflector device used toindicate thepresence ofthe
vehicle when viewed from theside;
(83) ‘side marker lamp’ means adevic eused toindicate thepresence ofthevehicle when
viewed from theside;
(84) ‘reference axis’ means thecharacteristic axis ofadevice asstated inthecomponent
type-approval documentation foruseasthedirection ofreference (H=0°,V=0°)for
angles offield forphotometric measurements andwhen fitting thelamp onthevehicle;
(85) ‘reference centre’ means theintersection ofthereference axis with thelight-emitting
surface, thecentre ofreference being specified bythemanufacturer ofthelighting devic e;
(86) ‘geometric visibility ’means theangles which determine thesquare field inwhich thelight-
emitting surface ofthelighting device iscompletely visible when therelevant angles (
vertical andhorizontal) aremeasured attheoutward contour oftheapparent surface and
thelamp isobserved from afar, however, if any  obstacle sis located within thisfield and
partly obscuring thelight-emitting surface , itmay beaccepted where itisproven that,even
with such obstructions, thephotometric values prescribed forthetype-approval ofthe
lighting device ascomponent arecomplied with;
(87) ‘longitudinal median plane ofthevehicle’ means theplane ofsymmetry ofthevehicle or,
ifthevehicle isnotsymmetrical, thevertical longitudinal plane passing through themiddle
ofthevehicle axles;
(88) ‘operating tell-tale’ means avisual, auditory or any other equivalent signal indicating thata
lighting -device hasbeen switched onandwhether or not itisoperating correctly ;
(89) ‘closed -circuit tell-tale’ means atell-taleindicating thatadevice hasbeen switched on,but
notindicating whether itisoperating correctl yornot;
(90) ‘typeofvehicle with regard torearward visibility ’means vehicles which donotdiffer in
such essential respects asthedimensions andexternal shape ofthevehicle aswell asthe
number, location anddesign characteristics oftheinstalled devices forindirect vision;
(91) ‘typeofvehicle with regard toroll-over protection structure’ means vehicles which donot
differ insuch essential respects asthestructure onthevehicle theessential purpose of
which istomitigate oravoid riskofsevere injury tothevehicle’s occupants resulting from
aroll-over ofthevehicle during normal use;
(92) ‘zone ofclearance’ means thespace occupied bya50thpercenti lemale manikin
represented bytheHybrid IIIanthropomorphic testdevice innormal seating position onall
seating positions;EN 14 EN(93) ‘typeofvehicle with regard tosafety belt anchorages andsafety belts’ means vehicles
which donotdiffer insuch essential respects asthemain vehicle construction anddesign
characteristics aswell asthatofthesafety beltanchorages andthenumber, location and
configuration offitted safety belts;
(94) ‘adjustment system’ means thedevice enabling theparts oftheseattobeadjusted inorder
toachieve aseating position that isadapted totheoccupant’s morphology ,including
longitudinal, vertical and/or angular adjustments;
(95) ‘displacement system’ means anadjustment and locking system including afolding
seatback fitted toseatsinfront ofother seats, enabling passengers toaccess andexitfrom
such rearseats when there arenodoors adjacent tothatrearseating row;
(96) ‘saddle’ means aseating position where therider orpassenger sitsastride;
(97) ‘seat’ means aseating position which isnotasaddle andwhich hasaseat back offering
support forthedriver’s orpassenger’s back;
(98) ‘seat back’ means astructural element behind theseating position’s R-point ataheight of
more than 450mm measured from thevertical plane passing throughtheR-point against
which theback ofaseated person canrestcompletely ;
(99) ‘50thpercentile male manikin’ means aphysical anthropomorphic testdevice possessing
specified dimensions and masses oravirtual model, both representing thebody ofan
avera gemale human;
(100) ‘actual safety beltanchorage’ means apoint ofthevehicle structure ortheseatstructure or
anyother partofthevehicle towhich asafet ybeltassembly istobephysically mounted;
(101) ‘effective safety belt anchorage’ means aclearly defin edpoint inthevehicle which has
sufficiently rigid properties astochange therouting, course anddirection ofasafet ybelt
which isworn bythevehicle occupant andcomprises ofsuch point which isclosest tothat
portion ofthebeltwhich isinactua landdirect contact with thewearer;
(102) ‘front seating position’ means asingle foremost seating position ,which may begrouped in
arowofseveral other seating positions;
(103) ‘rear seating position’ means asingle seating position located fully behind theline ofa
front seating position andwhich may begrouped inarowofseveral seating positions;
(104) ‘torso reference line’ means thetorso lineasdetermined bythevehicle manufacturer for
each seating position andestablished inaccordance with Annex 3toUNECE Regulation
No17;
(105) ‘torso angle’ means theangle between thevertical andthetorso line;
(106) ‘design position’ means theposition intowhich adevice such asaseatcanbeadjusted so
thatallrelevant settings correspond asclosel yaspossible toaspecified position;
(107) ‘ISOFIX ’means asystem fortheconnection ofchild restraint systems tovehicles which
has two vehicle rigid anchorages, two corresponding rigid attachments onthechild
restraint system andameans oflimiting thepitch rotation ofthechild restraint system;
(108) ‘typeofvehicle with regard toseating positions’ means vehicles which donotdiffer in
such essential respects astheshape, location andnumber ofseats orsaddles;
(109) ‘5thpercentile adult female manikin’ means aphysical anthropomorphic test device
possessing specified dimensions andmasses oravirtual model, both representing thebody
ofasmall female human;EN 15 EN(110) ‘typeofvehicle with regard tosteer -ability ,cornering properties andturn-ability ’means
vehicles which donotdiffer insuch essential respects asthedesign characteristics ofthe
steering mechanism, reversing device andlocking differentials, ifsuch devices arefitted to
thevehicle;
(111) ‘turning circle’ means thecircle within which islocated theprojections onto theground
planeofallthepoints ofthevehicle, excluding rear-view mirrors, when thevehicle is
driven inacircle;
(112) ‘unusual vibration’ means avibration which differs substantiall y from anormal and
constant vibration, characterised byone ormore unintended sharp increases ofthe
amplitude ofthevibration andleading toincreased steering forces thatarenotconstant and
notpredictable innature;
(113) ‘typeofvehicle with regard totheinstallation oftyres’means vehicles which donotdiffer
insuch essential respec tsasthetypes oftyre,minimum and maximum tyresize
designations, wheel dimensions andoff-setsaswell asspeed andload capabilities suitable
forfitment, andthecharacteristics ofthefitted wheel guards ;
(114) ‘wheel off-set’means thedistance from thehubabutment face tothecentre lineoftherim;
(115) ‘temporary -usespare unit’ means aunitwith atyredifferent from those tobefitted tothe
vehicle fornormal driving conditions, butintended only fortemporary useunder restricted
driving conditions;
(116) ‘maximum load rating’ means themass which atyrecan carry when operated in
conformity with requirements governing utilisation specified bythetyremanufacturer,
expressed asaload capacity index number;
(117) ‘load capacit yindex’ means anumber linked tothemaximum load rating ofthetyreand
relating tothedefinition inparagraph 2.26. ofUNECE Regulation No75,paragraph 2.28.
ofUNECE Regulation No30,paragraph 2.27. ofUNECE Regulation No54andparagraph
2.28. ofUNECE Regulation No106;
(118) ‘speed categor ysymbol’ means thesymbol defined inparagraph 2.28 ofUNECE
Regulation No75,paragraph 2.29. ofUNECE Regulation No30,paragraph 2.28 of
UNECE Regulation No54andparagraph 2.29. ofUNECE Regulation No106;
(119) ‘typeofvehicle with regard tomaximum speedlimitation plate andits location onthe
vehicle’ means vehicles which donotdiffer insuch essential respects asthemaximum
design vehicle speed and thematerial, orientation, and design characteristics ofthe
maximum speed limitation plate;
(120) ‘virtuall yflatsurface’ means asurface ofsolid material, with aradius ofcurvature ofat
least 5000mm;
(121) ‘vehicle typewith regard tointerior fittings anddoors’ means vehicles which donotdiffer
insuch essential respects asthedesign characteristics ofthevehicle’s interior fittings ,
number andlocation ofseats anddoors;
(122) ‘level oftheinstrument panel’ means thelinedefined bythepoints ofcontact ofvertical
tangents totheinstrument panel oratthelevel ofthehorizontal plane coinciding with the
R-point oftheseating position ofthedriver where thelatter islocated higher than atangent
contact point inquestion;
(123) ‘contactable edges’ means edges which can becontacted bythesurface ofatesting
apparatus andcanconsist ofstructures, elements orcomponents located anywhere inthe
vehicle, including butnotlimited tothepassenger compartment floor, sides, doors,EN 16 ENwindows, roof, roof pillars, roof ribs, sunvisors, instrument panel, steering control, seats,
head restraints, safet ybelts, levers, knobs, covers, compartments andlights;
(124) ‘door’ means anystructure ormaterial which has tobeopened, displaced, folded,
unzipped, slidaway ormanipulated inanyother way inorder foraperson toenter orleave
thevehicle;
(125) ‘door centre’ means thedimen sional location inavertical plane parallel tothelongitudinal
median plane ofthevehicle which coincides with thecentre ofgravit yofthedoor;
(126) ‘vehicle typewith regard tomaximum continuous rated or net power and/or vehicle speed
limitation bydesig n’means vehicles which donotdiffer insuch essential respects asthe
maximum continuous power output oftheelectric motor(s) and/or engine, thevehicle
maximum design speed and thedesign characteristics ofdevices and methodology
employ edtoeffective lylimit thevehicle’s achievable maximum speed and/or power
output;
(127) ‘vehicle typewith regard tostructur alintegrity ’means vehicles which donotdiffer insuch
essential respects asthedesign characteristics ofthemechanical connections ,such as
welds andthreaded connections ,aswell astheframe, chassis and/or body ofthevehicle
andthemanner inwhich itissecured ;
CHAPTER II
OBLIGATIONS OFMANUFACTURERS
Article 3
Fitting and demonstration requirements related to functional safety
1. Manufacturer sshall equip L-category vehicles with systems, components and separate
technical units affecting functional safet ythataredesigned, constructed andassembled so
astoenable thevehicle innormal useandmaintained according totheprescriptions ofthe
manufacturer tocomply with thedetailed technical requirements andtesting procedures .In
accordance with Articles 6to22,manufacturer sshall demonstrate bymeans ofphysical
demonstration testing totheapproval authorit ythattheL-category vehicles made available
onthemarket, registered orentering intoservice intheUnion compl ywith thefunctional
safet yrequirements ofArticles 18,20, 22and 54toRegulation (EU) No168/2013 and
comply with thedetailed technical requirements and testprocedures laiddown inthis
Regulation.
2. Manufacturer sshall demonstrate that spare part srequiring typeapproval that aremade
available onthemarket orareentering into service intheUnion areapproved in
accordance with therequirements ofRegulation (EU) No168/2013 ,asspecified bythe
detailed technical requirements and test procedures referred tointhis Regulation. An
approved L-category vehicle equipped with such aspare part shall meet thesame
functional safety testrequirements andperformance limit valuesasavehicle equipped with
anoriginal item ofequipment ordevice satisfying endurance requirements uptoand
including those setoutinArticle 22(2)ofRegulation (EU) No168/2013 .
3. Manufacturer sshall submit to the approval authority adescription ofthemeasures taken to
prevent tampering with,and modification of,the powertrain management system ,
including thefunctional safet ycontrol computers.EN 17 ENArticle 4
Application ofUNECE regulations
1. TheUNECE regulations and amendments thereto setoutinAnne xIto this Regulation 
shall apply totypeapproval.
2. References to vehicle categories L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7 in the UNECE regulations 
shall be understood as references to vehicle categories L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e, L5e, L6e and 
L7e respectivel y under thi s Regulation, including any sub -categories.
3. Vehicles with a maximum design vehicle speed of  25 km/h shall meet all the relevant 
requirements of UNECE Regulations appl ying to vehicles with a maximum vehicle design 
speed of > 25 km/h.
Article 5
Technical specifications onfunctional safety requirements andtestprocedures
1. The functional safet yperformance testprocedures shall beperformed inaccordance with
thetestrequirements laiddown inthisRegulation .
2. Thetest procedures shall becarried outorwitnessed bytheapproval authority or,if
authorised bytheapproval authority ,bythetechnical service.
3. Themeasurement methods andtestresults shall bereported totheapproval authority inthe
test report format setoutinArticle 72(g) of Regulation (EU)No168/2013 .
Article 6
Requirements applying toaudible warning devices
The testprocedures andperformance requirements apply ingtoaudible warning devices
referred toinAnnex II(B1) toRegulation (EU) No168/2013 shall beconducted and
verified inaccordance with Annex IIto this Regulation .
Article 7
Requirements applying tobraking, including anti-lock andcombined braking systems iffitted
Thetestprocedures andperformance requirements apply ingtobraking, including anti-lock
andcombined braking systems iffitted, referred toinAnnex II(B2) andAnnex VIIIto
Regulation (EU) No168/2013 ,shall beconducted and verified inaccordance with the
requirements laiddown inAnnex IIIto this Regulation .
Article 8
Requirements applying toelectrical safety
Thetestprocedures andperformance requirements apply ingtoelectric alsafet yreferred to
inAnnex II(B3) toRegulation (EU) No168/2013 shall beconducted and verified in
accordance with therequirements laiddown inAnnex IVto this Regulation .
Article9
Requirements applying tomanufacturer s’declaration regarding endurance testing offunctional
safety critical systems, parts andequipment
The manufacturer ’sdeclaration regarding endurance testing offunctional safet ysystems,
parts andequipment referred toinAnnex II(B4) toRegulation (EU) No168/2013 shall
comply with therequirements laiddown inAnnex Vto this Regulation .EN 18 ENArticle 10
Requirements applying tofront andrear protective structures
The testprocedures andperformance requirements apply ingtofront andrear protective
structures referred toinAnnex II(B5) toRegulation (EU) No168/2013 shall beconducted
and verified inaccordance with therequirements laid down inAnnex VIto this 
Regulation .
Article 11
Requirements applying toglazing, windscreen wipers andwashers, anddefrosting anddemisting
systems
Thetestprocedures andperformance requirements apply ingtoglazing, windscreen wipers
and washers, and defrosting and demisting systems referred toinAnnex II(B6) to
Regulatio n(EU) No168/2013 shall beconducted and verified inaccordance with the
requirements laiddown inAnnex VIIto this Regulation .
Article 12
Requirements applying todriver -operated controls including identification ofcontrols, tell-tales
andindicators
Thetestprocedures and performance requirements apply ingtodriver -operated controls
including identification ofcontrols, tell-tales andindicators referred toinAnnex II(B7) to
Regulation (EU) No168/2013 shall beconducted and verified inaccordance withthe
requirements laiddown inAnnex VIIIto this Regulation .
Article 13
Requirements applying toinstallation oflighting andlight signalling devices, including
automatic switching oflighting
Thetestprocedures andperformance requirements apply ingtoinstallation oflighting and
light signalling devices, including automatic switching oflighting referred toinAnnex II
(B8) andAnnex VIII toRegulation (EU) No168/2013 ,shall beconducted andverified in
accordance with therequirements laiddown inAnnex IXto this Regulation .
Article 14
Requirements applying torearward visibility
The testprocedures andmeasurements inorder totesttherelevant requirements apply ing
torearward visibility referred toinAnnex II(B9) toRegulation (EU) No168/201 3shall be
conducted andverified inaccordance with therequirements laiddown inAnnex Xto this 
Regulation .
Article 15
Requirements applying toroll-over protective structure
The test procedures and performance requirements applyingtoroll-over protect ive
structure referred toinAnnex II(B10) toRegulation (EU) No168/2013 shall beconducted
and verified inaccordance with therequirements laid down inAnnex XIto this 
Regulation .EN 19 ENArticle 16
Requirements applying tosafety beltanchorages andsafety belts
Thetestprocedures andperformance requirements apply ingtosafet ybeltanchorages and
safet ybelts referred toinAnnex II(B11) toRegulation (EU) No168/2013 shall be
conducted andverified inaccordance with therequirements laiddown inAnnex XIIto this 
Regulation .
Article 17
Requirements applying toseating position (saddles andseats)
The test procedures and performance requirements apply ing totheseating position
(saddles andseats) referred toinAnnex II(B12) toRegulation (EU) No168/201 3shall be
conducted andverified inaccordance with therequirements laiddown inAnnex XIIIto 
this Regulation .
Article 18
Requirements applying tosteer -ability, cornering properties andturn-ability
The test procedures and performance requirements applyingtosteer -ability ,cornering
properties andturn-ability referred toinAnnex II(B13) toRegulation (EU) No168/2013
shall beconducted andverified inaccordance with therequirements laiddown inAnnex
XIVto this Regulation .
Article 19
Requirements applying totheinstallation oftyres
The testprocedures and performance requirements apply ingtotheinstallation oftyres
referred toinAnnex II(B14) toRegulation (EU) No168/2013 shall beconducted and
verified inaccordance with therequirements laiddown inAnnex XVto this Regulation .
Article 20
Requirements applying tovehicle maximum vehicle speed limitation plate anditslocation on
vehicle
Thetestprocedures andperformance requirements apply ingtothemaximum vehicle speed
limitation plate anditslocation onL-category vehicles referred toinAnnex II(B15) to
Regulation (EU) No168/2013 shall beconducted and verified inaccordance with the
requirements laiddown inAnnex XVI to this Regulation .
Article 21
Requirements applying tovehicle occupant protection, including interior fittings andvehicle
doors
The test procedures and performance requirements apply ing tovehicle occupant
protection, including interior fittings andvehicle doors referred toinAnnex II(B16) to
Regulation (EU) No168/2013 shall beconducted and verified inaccordance with the
requirements laiddown inAnnex XVII to this Regulation .EN 20 ENArticle 22
Requirements applying tomaximum continuous rated and/or netpower and/or vehicle speed
limitation bydesign
Thetestprocedu resandperformance requirements apply ingtothelimitation bydesign of
maximum continuous total rated and/or netpower and/or vehicle speed ofL-category
vehicles referred toinAnnex II(B17) toRegulation (EU) No168/2013 shall beconducted
and verifie dinaccordance with therequirements laid down inAnnex XVIII to this 
Regulation .
Article 23
Requirements applying tovehicle structure integrity
Therequirements applyingtovehicle structure integrit yreferred toinAnnex II(B18) and
Annex VIIItoRegu lation (EU) No168/2013 shall becomplied with inaccordance with
therequirements laiddown inAnnex XIXto this Regulation .
CHAPTER III
OBLIGATIONS OFTHE MEMBER STATES
Article 24
Type -approval ofvehicles, systems, components andseparate technical units
Inaccordance with Article 22ofRegulation (EU) No168/2013 andwith effect from the
dates laiddown initsAnnex IV,national authorities shall, inthecase ofnew vehicles that
donotcomply with Regulation (EU) No168/2013 andtheprovisions ofthisRegulation,
consider certificates ofconformity tobenolonger valid forthepurposes ofArticle 45(1)
ofRegulation (EU) No168/2013 and shall, ongrounds relating tofunctional safet y,
prohibit themaking available onthemarket, registration, orentry into service ofsuch
vehicles.
CHAPTER IV
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 25
Entry intoforce
This Regulation shall enter intoforce onthetwentieth dayfollowing thatofitspublication
intheOfficial Journal oftheEuropean Union .Itshall apply from 1Januar y2016 .
This Regulation shall bebinding initsentirety anddirectly applicable inallMember States.
Done at Brussels, 
FortheCommission
ThePresidentEN 21 ENLIST OFANNEXES
Annex
numberAnnex titlePage
No.
I ListofUNECE regulations which appl y on com pulsory basis
IITest procedures andperformance requirements apply ingtoaudible
warning devices
IIIRequirements applyingtobraking, including anti-lock andcombined
braking systems
IV Requirements regarding electrical safet y
VRequirements applyingtomanufacturer declaration regarding endurance
testing offunctional safety critical systems, parts andequipment
VI Requirements applyingtofront andrearprotective structures
VIIRequirements applyingtoglazing, windscreen wipers andwashers ,and
defrosting anddemisting systems
VIIIRequirements applyingtodriver -operated controls including identification
ofcontrols, tell-tales andindicators
IXRequirements applyingtoinstallation oflighting andlight signalling
devices, including automatic switching oflighting
X Requirements regarding rearward visibility
XI Requirements applyingtoroll-over protective structure (ROPS)
XII Requirements applyingtosafet ybeltanchorages andsafet ybelts
XIII Requirements applyingtoseating positions (saddles andseats)
XIV Requirements regarding steer -abilit y,cornering properties andturn-ability
XV Requirements applyingtotheinstallation oftyres
XVIRequirements applyingtovehicle maximum speed limitation plate andits
location onthevehicle
XVIIRequirements regarding vehicle occupant protection, including interior
fittings andvehicle doors
XVIIIRequirements regarding maximum continuous rated or net power and/or
maximum vehicle speed limitation bydesign
XIX Requirement sregarding vehicle structure integrityEN 22 ENANNEX I
List ofUNECE regulations which apply onacompulsory basis
UNECE
Regulation
NoSubject Series of
amendmentsOJ
referenceApplicability
1Headlamps formotor
vehicles (R2, HS1)02OJL177,
10.7.2010,
p.1L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e,
L5e, L6eandL7e
3 Retro -reflectorsSupplement 12to
the02series of
amendmentsOJL323,
6.12.2011,
p.1L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e,
L5e, L6eandL7e
6 Direction indicatorsSupplement 19to
the01series of
amendmentsOJL177,
10.7.201 0,
p.40L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e,
L5e, L6eandL7e
7Front andrearposition
lamps andstop lampsSupplement 16to
the02series of
amendmentsOJL148,
12.6.2010,
p.1L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e,
L5e, L6eandL7e
8Headlamps formotor
vehicles (H1, H2,H3,
HB3, HB4, H7,H8,H9,
H11, HIR1,HIR2)05OJL177,
10.7.2010,
p.71L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e,
L5e, L6eandL7e
16Safety belts, restraint
systems andchild restraint
systemsSupplement 1to
the06series of
amendmentsOJL233,
9.9.2011,
p.1L2e, L4e, L5e, L6e
andL7e
19 Front foglampsSupplement 2to
the03series of
amendmentsOJL177,
10.7.2010,
p.113L3e, L4e, L5eand
L7e
20Headlamps formotor
vehicles (H4)03OJL177,
10.7.2010,
p.170L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e,
L5e, L6eandL7e
28 Audible warning devicesSupplem ent3to
the00series of
amendmentsOJL323,
6.12.2011,
p.33L3e, L4eandL5e
37 Filament bulbsSupplement 34to
the03series of
amendmentsOJL297,
13.11.2010
,p.1L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e,
L5e, L6eandL7e
38 Rear foglampsSupplement 15to
the00seriesofOJL4,
7.1.2012,L3e, L4e, L5eand
L7eEN 23 ENamendments p.20
43 Safety glazingSupplement 12to
the00series of
amendmentsOJL230,
31.8.2010,
p.119L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e,
L5e, L6eandL7e
46Devices forindirect vision
(rear -view mirrors)Supplement 4to
the02series of
amendmentsOJL177,
10.7.2010,
p.211L2e, L5e, L6eand
L7e
50Lighting components for
vehicles ofcategory LSupplement 16to
the00series of
amendmentsNot yet 
published 
in the OJL1e, L2e, L3e, L4e,
L5e, L6eandL7e
53Installat ionoflighting
(motorcy cle)Supplement 13to
the01series of
amendmentsNot yet 
published 
in the OJL3e
56Headlamps formopeds
andvehicles treated as
such01Not yet 
published 
in the OJL1e, L2eandL6e
57Headlamps for
motorcy clesandvehicles
treatedassuch02Not yet 
published 
in the OJL3e, L4e, L5eand
L7e
60Identification ofcontrols
tell-tales andindicatorsSupplement 2to
the00series of
amendmentsOJL95,
31.3.2004,
p.10L1eandL3e
72Headlamps for
motorcy clesandvehicles
treated assuch (HS1)01Not yet 
published 
in the OJL3e, L4e, L5eand
L7e
74Installation oflighting
(moped)Supplement 7to
the00series of
amendmentsNot yet 
published 
in the OJL1e
75 TyresSupplement 13to
the01series of
amendmentsOJL84,
30.3.2011,
p.46L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e
andL5e
78Braking, including anti-
lock andcombined brake
systemsSupplement 3to
the02series of
amendmentsOJL95,
31.3.2004,
p.67L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e
andL5e
81 Rear -view mirrorsSupplement 2to
the00series of
amendmentsOJL185,
13.7.2012,
p.1L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e,
L5e, L6eandL7e
82Headlamps formopeds
andvehicles treated as01Not yet 
published L1e, L2eandL6eEN 24 ENsuch (HS2) in the OJ
87 Daytime running lampsSupplement 15to
the00series of
amendmentsOJL4,
7.1.2012,
p.24L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e,
L5e, L6eandL7e
98Headlamps with gas-
discharge light sourcesSupplement 4to
the01series of
amendmentsNot yet 
published 
in the OJL3e
99Gas-discharge light
sourcesSupplement 5to
the00series of
amendmentsOJL164,
30.6.2010,
p.151L3e
112Headlamps with
asymmetrical beamsSupplement 12to
the00series of
amendmentsOJL230,
31.8.2010,
p.264L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e,
L5e, L6eandL7e
113Headlamps with
symmetrical beamsSupplement 2to
the01series of
amendmentsOJL330,
16.12.2005
,p.214L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e,
L5e, L6eandL7e
Explanatory note: The factthatacomponent isincluded inthislistdoes notmake itsinstallation
mandatory .Forcertain components, however, mandatory installation requirements arelaiddown in
other annexes tothisRegulation.EN 25 ENANNEX II
Test procedures andperformance requirements applying toaudible warning devices
Part1—Requirements apply ingtothecomponent type-approval ofa type of mechanical or 
electrical audible warning device intend ed to be fitted to vehicles of categories L 1e, L2e and L6e
1. General r equirements
1.1. Electric alaudible warning devices shall emit acontinuous, uniform sound andtheir
sound spectrum shall notvary perceptibly during operation. Inthecase ofwarning
devices supplied with analternating current ,this requirement applies solely at
constant generator speed, thatspeed lyingwithin therange specified inpoint 2.3.2.
1.2. Electric alaudible warning devices shall have sound characteristics (spectral
distribution ofthe sound energy ,sound pressure level) and mechanical
characteristics such that, intheorder stated, they pass thetests specified inpoint s2.
to3.4.
1.3. Electric alaudible warning devices may incorporate afeature enabling thedevice to
operate atasignificantl ylower sound pressure level volume.
1.4. Mechanical audible warning devices shall be equipped with a thumb -operated lever, 
either of the puller belltypegeared to rapidl y rotate two loosely -slung metal discs 
inside the bell hous ing, or of the single stroke bell ty pe.
2. Sound level measurements
2.1. Audible warning devices shall preferabl ybetested inananechoic environment.
They may alternativel ybetested inasemi -anechoic chamber orinacleared outside
space. Inthiscase,precautions shall betaken toavoid reflections offtheground in
themeasuring area, e.g.byproviding anumber ofabsorbent screens. Itshall be
checked thatthespherical distortion isnomore than 1dB(A) within ahemisphere
ofaradius ofatleast 5muptothemaximum frequency tobemeasured, thismainly
being inthedirection ofmeasurement and attheheight ofthedevice and
microphone. The ambient noise shall beatleast 10dB(A) lower than thesound
pressure levels tobemeasured.
The device submitted fortesting andthemicrophone shall beatthesame height ,
which shall bebetween 1.15 and1.25 m.The lineofmaximum sensitivity ofthe
microphone shall coincide with thedirection inwhich thesound level ofthe
warning device isatitshighes tlevel.
The microphone shall bepositioned such thatitsdiaphragm isatadistance of2±
0.01 mfrom theexitplane ofthesound emitted bythedevice. Inthecase ofdevices
with several exits ,thisdistance shall bedetermined inrelation totheexitplane
closest tothemicrophone.
2.2. The measurements ofthesound pressure level shall involve theuseofaclass -1
precision sound -level meter meeting therequirements ofIECpublication No651,
firstedition (1979).
Allmeasurements shall becarried outusing the‘rapid’ time constant. The (A)
weighting curve shall beused tomeasure theoverall sound pressure levels.EN 26 ENThe Fourier transform ofthesound signal shall beused inmeasuring theemitted -
sound spectrum. Alternatively ,third -octave filters meetingtherequirements setout
inIECpublication No225, first edition (1966) ,may beused,inwhich case the
sound pressure level within the2500 Hzcentre -octave frequency band shall be
determined byadding thequadratic means ofthesound pressures inthethird -octave
bands ofcentre frequencies of2000, 2500 and3150 Hz.
Inallcases ,only theFourier transform method may beregarded asareference
method.
2.3. The electric alaudible warning device shall besupplied with oneofthefollowing
voltages, asappropriate:
2.3.1. Inthecase ofaudible warning devices receiving direct current, atestvoltage of6.5,
13.0 or26.0 V,measured atthe output side ofthe electricit ysource and
corresponding toanominal voltage of6,12or24Vrespectively .
2.3.2. Where anaudible warning device receive sdirect current which hastobesupplied
byanelectrical generator ofthetypenormall yused with thistypeofdevice, the
acoustic characteristics ofthe device shall berecorded atalternator speeds
correspond ingto50%,75%and 100%ofthemaximum speed stated bythe
manufacturer ofthealternator forcontinuous operation. The alternator shall be
subject tonoother electrical load during thetest. The endurance testdescribed in
point s3.to3.4shall becarried outataspeed stated bythemanufacturer ofthe
equipment andselected from therange referred toabove.
2.3.3. Ifarectified current isused forthetestonanaudible warning device receiving
direct current, theunsmoothed component ofthevoltageatitsterminals, measured
from peak topeak during operation ofthewarning device, shall notexceed 0.1V.
2.3.4. The resistance oftheelectrical conductor foraudible warning devices receiving
direct current, including theresistance ofthetermin alsandcontacts, shall lieas
close aspossible to0.05Ωforanominal voltage of6V,0.10Ωforanominal
voltage of12Vand0.20Ωforanominal voltage of24V.
2.4. The mechanical audible warning device shall be tested as follows.
2.4.1. The devi ce to be tested shall be operated by  a person or other external means, 
pushing the operating lever as recommended b y the manufacturer. The presence of 
any operator shall have no noticeable influence on the test results. One 
measurement sequence consists of ten consecutive operations over the operating 
lever’s full travel within 4 ± 0.5 s. Five sequences shall be carried out, each 
interrupted b y a p ause. The complete operation shall be carried out five times.
2.4.2. The A -weighted sound level shall be recor ded for each of the 25 measurement 
sequences, shall be within 2.0 dB(A) and is averaged for the calculation of the final 
result.
2.5. The audible warning device shall be rigidly mounted, using the part or parts 
intended for that purpose by its manufacture r, on a support of a mass at least 10 
times greater than that of the warning device to be tested and at least 30 kg. The 
support shall be arranged in such a way that the reflections off its walls and the EN 27 ENvibrations have no significant effect on the results of the measurements.
2.6. Under the conditions set out above, the A -weighted sound level shall not exceed 
115 dB(A) in case of electric audible warning devices and95 dB(A) in case of 
mechanical audible warning devices. 
2.7. The sound pressure level wi thin the 1 800 to 3 550 Hz frequency band of electric 
audible warning devices shall be higher than that of any frequency component 
above 3 550 Hz, and in any case at least 90 dB(A). The sound pressure level of 
mechanical audible warning devices shall be at least 80 dB(A).
2.8. The characteristics set out in point s 2.6. to 2.7. shall also be displayed by any 
audible warning device that has been subjected to the endurance test provided for in 
point s 3. to 3.4.
2.8.1. Any variation in voltage shall be betwee n 115 % and 95% of the rated value in the 
case of electrical audible warning devices receiving direct current, or between 50 % 
and 100% of the maximum alternator speed stated by the manufacturer of the 
alternator for continuous operation in the case of electrical audible warning devices 
receiving alternating current.
2.9. The time lag between actuation and the moment when the sound reaches the 
minimum value as required in point s 2.6. to 2.7. shall not exceed 0.2 seconds 
measured at an ambient temperature o f 293 ± 5 K (20 ± 5 ºC). This requirement 
applies, in particular, to pneumatic or electro -pneumatic warning devices.
2.10. Under the power suppl y conditions laid down by their manufacturers, pneumatic or 
electro -pneumatic warning devices shall yield the s ame acoustic performance as 
those required for normal electric audible warning devices.
2.11. The minimum value as required in point s 2.6. to 2.7. shall be obtained for each 
component of a multi -tone device which may emit sound independently . The 
maximum overall sound level shall be achieved with all of the component parts 
operating at the same time.
3. Endurance test
3.1. The ambient temperature shall lie between 288 K and 303 K (15ºC and 30 ºC).
3.2. The electrical audible warning device shall be supp lied with the nominal voltage at 
the conductor resistance specified in point s 2.3.1. to 2.3.4. , while in compliance 
with point 2.8.1., and be operated 10 000 times at a rate of one second of being 
activated followed b y four seconds of not being activated. During the test, the 
audible warning device shall be exposed to a forced wind or draught with a speed of 
10 m/s ± 2 m/s.
3.2.1. If a test is conducted within an insulated chamber, that chamber shall be of 
sufficient volume to ensure normal dissipation of the heat given off b y the warning 
device during the endurance test.
3.3. When half of the total number of operations required has been completed, the 
electrical audible warning device may be reset if the characteristics of the sound EN 28 ENlevel have altered sin ce before the test. When the total number of operations 
required has been completed, the audible warning device may again be reset and 
shall subsequently meet the requirements of the tests specified in point 2.8.
3.4. Four units of a t ype of mechanical au dible warning device shall be subjected to the 
durability test. Each device shall be in new condition and shall not be lubricated 
during the test. It shall be activated 30 000 times over the full travel of the operating 
lever at a rate of 100 ± 5 operation s per minute. The four devices shall then be 
subjected to a salt spray test according to EN ISO 9227:2012 . Three out of the four 
units shall meet the requirements of the tests specified in point 2.8.
Part 2 —Requirements for the approval of a t ype of veh icle with regard to the audible 
warning.
1. Fitting requirements
1.1. Vehicles of categories L1e -B, L2e and L6e shall be fitted with at least one electrical 
audible warning device which has been component ty pe-approved pursuant to this 
Regulation or UNEC E Regulation No 28.
1.2. Vehicles of category L1e-B with a maximum design vehicle speed  25 km/h and a 
maximum continuous rated or net power  500 W mayalternatively be fitted with a 
mechanical audible warning device which has been component ty pe-approv ed 
pursuant to this Regulation , in which case the requirements of point s 2.1.1. to 2.1.7. 
are not applicable.
1.3. Vehicles of categories L3e, L4e and L5e shall meet all the relevant fitting 
requirements of UNECE Regulation No 28.
1.3.1. In the absence o f specific instructions, the term ‘motor cy cles’ in that Regulation 
shall be construed as referring to vehicles of category L3e, L4e and L5e.
1.4. Vehicles of category L7e shall meet all the relevant fitting requirements of UNECE 
Regulation No 28, as pres cribed for vehicle category L5e.
1.5. Inthe absence of specific requirements in UNECE Regulation No 28 and as 
provided in point 1.3. of Part 1, audible warning or additional devices installed on 
vehicles which are propelled by means of one or more electr ic motors may 
incorporate a feature enabling the device to be intermittently activated in such a 
waythat it operates at a significantl y lower sound pressure level than required for 
audible warning devices, emitting a continuous, uniform sound with a sound
spectrum that does not vary perceptibly during operation, with the aim to for 
instance alert pedestrians about the vehicle approaching.
2. Performance requirements of installed electric audible warning devices.
2.1. For vehicles of categories L 1e-B, L2eand L6e :
2.1.1 The test voltage shall be as laid down in point s 2.3. to 2.3.2. in Part 1.
2.1.2. The sound pressure levels shall be measured under the conditions laid down in point
2.2. in Part 1.EN 29 EN2.1.3. The A -weighted sound pressure level emitted by the audible warning device(s) shall 
be measured at a distance of 7.0 m in front of the vehicle, the latter being placed on 
an open site, on ground as smooth as practicable and, if fitted with audible warning 
devices supplied with direct current, with its en gine stopped.
2.1.4. The microphone of the measuring instrument shall be placed in the mean 
longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
2.1.5. The sound pressure level of the background noise and wind noise shall be at least 
10 dB (A) below the sound to be measur ed.
2.1.6. The maximum sound pressure level shall be sought within the range of 0.5 and 1.5 
m above the ground.
2.1.7. When measured under the conditions in point s 2.1.1. to 2.1.5., the maximum sound 
level value as determined in point 2.1.6. shall be bet ween 75 dB(A) and 112 dB(A).
2.2. Vehicles of category L3e, L4e and L5e shall meet all the relevant performance 
requirements of UNECE Regulation No 28.
2.2.1. In the absence of specific instructions, the term ‘motor cycles’ in that Regulation 
shall be co nstrued as referring to vehicles of category L3e, L4e and L5e.
2.3. Vehicles of category L7e shall meet all the relevant performance requirements of 
UNECE Regulation No 28, as prescribed for vehicle category L5e.EN 30 ENANNEX III
Requirements applying tobraki ng,including anti-lock andcombined braking systems
1. Requirements for the approval of a t ype of vehicle with regard to braking
1.1. Vehicles ofcategor iesL1e, L2e, L3e, L4eand L5eshall meet alltherelevant
requirements ofUNECE Regulation No78.
1.1.1. Notwithstanding the requirements laid down in point 1.1., the provisions of points 
1.1.1.1. to 1.1.1.3. applyforvehicles ofcategory L1ewith a mass in running order 
 35 kg :
1.1.1.1. Inbraking devices where thetransmission ishydraulic, recepta cles containing the
reserve fluid shall be exempted from therequirements regarding ease offluid -level
checking.
1.1.1.2 Forrimbrakes asfitted tosome ofthese vehicles ,forthepurposes ofthespecial
provisions relating totesting with wetbrakes, thewater shall bedirected onto the
part ofthewheel rimproviding thefriction, with thenozzles positioned 10to30
mmtotherearofthebrake blocks.
1.1.1.3. Forvehicles fitted with wheel rims widths of45mmorless(code 1.75), asregards
braking performance with thefront brake only when laden toitstechnicall y 
permissible maximum mass ,thestopping distance or corresponding mean fully
developed deceleration shall be as prescribed .Ifthis requirement cannot be
achieved because oflimited adhesi onbetween t yre and road surface ,the stopping  
distance S  0.1 + V2/115 with corresponding mean full y developed deceleration 
4.4m/s2shall beapplied foratestonavehicle laden toitstechnically permissible 
maximum mass using both braking devices simultaneously .
1.1.2. For the appro val of a ty pe of vehicle, the provisions set out in Annex VIIIto
Regulation (EU) No168/2013 onthemandatory fitting ofadvanced brake systems
shall apply .
1.2. Vehicles ofcategory L6e shall meet alltherelevant requirements ofUNECE
Regulation No78,as prescribed for vehicle category L2e.
1.3. Vehicles ofcategory L7e shall meet alltherelevant requirements ofUNECE
Regulation No78, as prescribed for vehicle category L5e.EN 31 ENANNEX IV
Requirements regarding electrical safety
1. Requirements for the approval of a t ype of vehicle with regard to electrical safet y
1.1. Vehicles which arepropelled bymeans ofoneormore electric motors, including
pure andhybridelectric vehicle s,shall fulfil therequirements ofthisAnnex.
2. General requirements concerning the protection against electrical shock and
electrical safet yapplyingtohigh voltage buses under conditions where they arenot
connected toexternal high voltage power supplies.
2.1. The protection against direct contact with live parts shall comply with the
requirements setoutbelow. The protections provided (e.g. solid insulator, barrier,
enclosure) shall notbeable ofbeing opened, disassembled orremoved without the
useoftools.
The protection against access tolive parts shall betested inaccordance with the
provisions laid down inAppendix 3–Protection against direct contacts ofparts
under voltage.
2.1.1. Forprotection ofliveparts inside theenclosed driving andpassenger compartment
aswell asluggage compartment theprotection degree IPXXD shall bemet.
2.1.2. Forprotection ofliveparts inareas other than theenclosed driving andpassenger
compartment orluggage compartment, theprotection degree IPXXB shall bemet.
2.1.3. Forprotection oflive parts ofvehicles where noenclosed driving andpassenger
compartment ispresent, theprotection degree IPXXD shall bemet bytheentire 
vehicle.
2.1.4. Connectors (including vehicle inlet) aredeemed tomeet therequirements if:
−theyalso comply with the protection degree IPXXB whenseparated without
theuseoftools;
−theyarelocated underneath thevehicle floor andareprovided with alocking
mechanism (e.g. screw locking, bayonet locking);
−theyareprovided with alocking mechanism and other components shall
firstberemoved with theuseoftools inorder toseparate theconnector; or
−thevoltage oftheliveparts becomes DC60VorAC30V(rms) within
onesecond after theconnector isseparated.
2.1.5. Incase aservice disconnect canbeopened, disassembled orremoved without the
useoftools, theprotection degree IPXXB shall bemetunder allthese conditions.
2.1.6. Specific marking requirements
2.1.6.1. Inthecase ofaREESS having high voltage capability ,thesymbol shown inFigure
4-1shall beplaced onornear theREESS. Thesymbol background shall beyellow,EN 32 ENthebordering andthearrow shall beblack.
Figure 4-1
Marking ofhigh voltage equipment
2.1.6.2. The symbol shall inaddition beplaced onallenclosures andbarriers, which when
removed expose live parts ofhigh voltage circuits. This provision isoptional for
connectors forhigh voltage buses anddoes notapply toanyofthefollowing cases:
−Where barriers orenclosures cannot bephysically accessed, opened, or
removed unless other vehicle components areremoved with theuseoftools;
or
−Where barriers orenclosures arelocated underneath thevehiclefloor.
2.1.6.3. Cables forhigh voltage buses which arenotlocated fully within enclosures shall be
identified byhaving anouter covering with thecolour orange.
2.2. The p rotection against indirect contact with live parts shall comply with the
requirements setoutbelow.
2.2.1. Concerning protection against electrical shock which could arise from indirect
contact, theexposed conductive parts, such astheconductive barrier andenclosure,
shall besecurel ygalvanically connected totheelectrical chassis forinstance by
connections with electrical wire, ground cable, welds orbyconnections using bolts
sothatnodangerous electric potential canexist.
2.2.2. Theresistance between allexposed conductive parts andtheelectrical chassis shall
belower than 0.1when there iscurrent flow ofatleast 0.2A.This requirement is
deemed assatisfied ifthegalvanic connection hasbeen established bywelding.
2.2.3. Inthecase ofvehicles intended tobeconnected toagrounded external electric
powe rsuppl ythrough aconductive connection, adevice enabling thegalvanic
connection oftheelectrical chassis totheearth ground shall beprovided.
The device shall enable connection totheearth ground before external voltage is
supplied tothevehicle andshall retain this connection until after theexterior
voltage isremoved from thevehicle.
Compliance with these requirements may bedemonstrated byusing theconnector
specified bythevehicle manufacturer orbyother analysis.
2.2.3.1. Agalvanic connection oftheelectrical chassis totheearth ground does notneed to
beprovided inthefollowing cases:
−thevehicle canonly useadedicated charger that isprotected when anyEN 33 ENsingle isolation fault arises;
−thevehicle’s whole metallic body isprotected when anysingle isolation
fault arises; or
−thevehicle cannot becharged without completely removing thetraction
battery pack from thevehicle.
2.3. Isolation resistance shall comply with therequirements setoutbelow.
2.3.1. Concerning electric power trains consisting ofseparate DCorAC-buses:
IfACbuses and DCbuses aregalvanically isolated from each other, isolation
resistance between allhigh voltage busses andtheelectrical chassis shall have a
minimum value of100/V oftheworking voltage forDCbuses, andaminimum
value of500/Voftheworking voltage forACbuses.
Themeasurements shall beconducted inaccordance with theprovisions laiddown
inAppendix 1–Isolation resistance measurement method.
2.3.2. Concerning electric power trainconsisting ofcombined DC-andAC-buses:
IfAChigh voltage buses andDChigh voltage buses aregalvanicall yconnected
isolation resistance between allhigh voltage busses andtheelectrical chassis shall
have aminimum value of500/V oftheworking voltage.
However, ifallAChigh voltage buses areprotected byoneofthetwofollowing
measures, isolation resistance between thehigh voltage bus and theelectrical
chassis shall have aminimum value of100/V oftheworking voltage:
−double ormore layersofsolid insulators, barriers orenclosures thatmeet the
requirements ofpoint s2.1. to 2.1.6.3. independently ,forexample wiring
harness; or
−mechanically robust protections thathave sufficient durability over vehicle
service lifesuch asmotor housi ngs, electronic converter cases orconnectors;
Theisolation resistance between thehigh voltage busandtheelectrical chassis may
bedemonstrated bycalculation, measurement oracombination ofboth.
Themeasurement shall beconducted according toAppend ix1–Isolation resistance
measurement method.
2.3.3. Concerning Fuel cellvehicles:
Iftheminimum isolation resistance requirement cannot bemaintained over time,
then protection shall beachieved byanyofthefollowing:
−double ormore layersofsolid insulators, barriers orenclosures thatmeet the
requirements ofpoint s 2.1. to 2.1.6.3. independently ;or
−on-board isolation resistance monitoring system together with awarning to
thedriver iftheisolation resistance drops below theminimum required
value. Theisolation resistance between thehigh voltage busofthecoupling
system forcharging theREESS, which isnotenergized besides during
charging theREESS, andtheelectrical chassis need notbemonitored.EN 34 ENThe correct functioning oftheon-board isolation resistance monitoring
system shall betested asdescribed inAppendix 2–Confirmation method
forfunction ofon-board isolation resistance monitoring system.
2.3.4. Isolation resistance requirements forthecoupling system forcharging theREES S.
Thevehicle inlet ortherecharge cable when permanently connected tothevehicle,
intended tobeconductively connected tothegrounded external ACpower supply
andtheelectrical circuit thatisgalvanically connected tothevehicle inlet/recharge
cableduring charging oftheREESS, shall have anisolation resistance between the
high voltage busandtheelectrical chassis ofatleast 1.0M when thecharger
coupler isdisconnected. During themeasurement, thetraction battery may be
disconnected.
3. Requirements concerning theREESS
3.1. Protection incase ofexcessive current.
TheREESS shall notoverheat incase ofexcessive current or,iftheREESS isprone
tooverheating due toexcessive current, itshall beequipped with one ormore
protective devices such asfuses, circuit breakers and/or main contactors.
When applicable, thevehicle manufacturer shall supply relevant data andanalysis
proving that overheating from excessive current isprevented without theuseof
protective devices.
3.2. Prevention ofaccumulation ofgas.
Places forcontaining open typetraction battery that may produce hydrogen gas
shall beprovided with aventila tion fanoraventilation duct or an y other suitable 
means toprevent theaccumulation ofhydrogen gas. Vehicles with open type
framework thatdonotallow accumulation ofhydrogen gasatsuch places arenot
required tohave aventilation fanoraventilat ionduct.
3.3. Protection against electroly tespills.
Electrol yteshall notspill from thevehicle when thevehicle istilted in any 
direction, leaned left or right against theground oreven when theREESS isput
upside -down.
Incase electrol yteisspilledfrom theREESS oritscomponents due toother
reasons, itshall notreach thedriver noranyperson onoraround thevehicle during
normal conditions ofuse,parked condition (i.e. also when the vehicle is parked on a 
slope) oranyother normal function aloperation.
3.4. Accidental orunintentional detachment.
TheREESS anditscomponents shall beinstalled inthevehicle insuch away soas
topreclude thepossibility ofinadvertent orunintentional detachment orejection of
theREESS.
TheREESS anditscomponents shall notbeejected when thevehicle istilted in an y 
direction, leaned left or right against theground oreven when theREESS isputEN 35 ENupside -down
4. In-usesafet yrequirements
4.1. Propulsion system power -onandpower -offprocedure
4.1.1. Atthestart-up,including system power -on,inorder toselect theactive driving
possible mode, atleast twodeliberate anddistinctive actions shall beperformed by
thedriver.
4.1.2. Atleast amomentary indication shall begiven totherider when thevehicle is
switched inactive driving possible mode, however, thisprovision does notapply
under conditions where aninternal combustion engine provides directl yor
indirectly thevehicle’s propulsion power.
4.1.3. When leaving thevehicle, therider shallbeinformed byasignal (e.g. optical or
audible signal) ifthevehicle isstillintheactive driving possible mode.
4.1.4. Iftheon-board REESS canbeexternall ycharged bythedriver ,vehicle movement
byitsown propulsion system shall beimpossib leaslong astheconnector ofthe
external electric power supply isphysicall yconnected tothe vehicle inlet.
Compliance with this requirement shall bedemonstrated byusing theconnector
specified bythevehicle manufacturer.
Incase ofpermanently conn ected charge cables, therequirement above isdeemed
tobemetwhen useofthecharge cable obviously prevents theuseofthevehicle
(e.g. cable isalway srouted over operator controls, rider’s saddle, driver’s seat,
handle barorsteering wheel, ortheseatcovering thecable storage space needs to
remain inopen position).
4.1.5. Ifavehicle isequipped with adrive direction control unit(i.e.reversing device) the
state ofthisunitshall beidentified totherider.
4.1.6. Itispermitted that only one action isrequired todeactivate theactive driving
possible mode ortocomplete thepower -offprocedure.
4.2. Driving with reduced power
4.2.1. Indication ofreduced power
Iftheelectric propulsion system isequipped with ameans toautomatically reduce
the vehicle propulsion power (e.g. powertrain malfunction operating mode) ,
significant reductions shall beindicated totherider.
4.2.2. Indication oflowenergy content ofREESS
Ifthestate ofcharge intheREESS hasasignificant impact onvehic ledriving
performance (i.e. acceleration and drivability ,tobeevaluated bytheTechnical
Service together with thevehicle manufacturer) ,alow energy content shall be
indicated totherider byanobvious device (e.g. avisual oraudible signal). The
indication used forpoint 4.2.1. shall notbeused forthispurpose.EN 36 EN4.3. Driving backwards
Itshall notbepossible toactivate thevehicle reverse control function whilst the
vehicle isinforward motion.
4.4. Determination ofhydrogen emissions
4.4.1. This verification shall becarried outonallvehicle typesequipped with open type
traction batteries andallrequirements shall bemet.
4.4.2. Vehicles shall beequipped with on-board chargers. The tests shall beconducted
following themethod described inAnnex 7toUNECE Regulation No100. The
hydrogen sampling and analysisshall betheones asprescribed ,however, other
analysismethods may beused provided thatitcanbedemonstrated thatthesegive
equivalent results.
4.4.3. During anormal charge procedure under theconditions given inAnnex 7to
UNECE Regulation No100, hydrogen emissions shall be<125gmeasured over 5
hours,orbelow (25xt2)(g)during t2(h).
4.4.4. During acharge carried outbyanon-board charger presenting afailure (conditions
given inAnnex 7toUNECE Regulation No100), hydrogen emissions shall be
below 42g.Furthermore theon-board charger shall limit thispossible failure to30
minutes.
4.4.5. Alltheoperations linked totheREESS charging shall becontrolled automatically ,
included thestop forcharging.
4.4.6. Itshall notbepossible tomanually override thecharging phases.
4.4.7. Normal operations ofconnection anddisconnection tothemains orpower cuts shall
notaffect thecontrol system ofthecharging phases.
4.4.8. Charging failures that canlead toamalfunction oftheon-board charger during
subsequent charging procedures shall bepermanently signalled tothedriver or
clearl yindicated totheoperator about tocommence acharging procedure .
4.4.9. Detailed instructions concerning the charging procedure and astatement of
conformity totherequirements assetoutinpoint s4.4.1. to4.4.8. shall beincluded
inthevehicle’s instruction manual.
4.4.10. Test results obtained from other vehicle typescommon tothose within thesame
family ,inaccordance with theprovisions laiddown inAppendix 2ofAnnex 7to
Regulation No100, may beapplied.
Appendix 1–Isolation resistance measurement method forvehicle based test
1. General
Theisolation resistance foreach high voltage busofthevehicle shall bemeasured
orshall bedetermined bycalculation using measurement values from each part orEN 37 ENcomponent unit ofahigh voltage bus (hereinafter referred toasthe‘divided
measurement’).
2. Measurement method
Theisolation resistance measurement shall beconducted byselecting anappropriate
measurement method from among those listed inpoint s2.1.to2.2., depending on
theelectrical charge oftheliveparts ortheisolation resistance, etc.
Therange oftheelectrical circuit tobemeasured shall beclarified inadvance, using
electrical circuit diagrams, etc.
Moreover, modification necessary formeasuring theisolation resistance may be
carried out,such asremoval ofthecover inorder toreach theliveparts, drawing of
measurement lines, change insoftware, etc.
Incases where themeasured values arenotstable duetotheoperation oftheon-
board isolation resistance monitoring system, etc., necessary modification for
conducting themeasurement may becarried out,such asstopping oftheoperation
ofthedevice concerned orremoving it.Furthermore, when thedevice isremoved, it
shall beproven, using drawings, etc., thatitwillnotchange theisolation resistance
between theliveparts andtheelectrical chassis.
Utmost care shall beexercised astoshort circuit, electric shock, etc., forthis
confirmation might require direct operations ofthehigh-voltage circuit.
2.1. Measurement method using voltage from off-vehicle sources
2.1.1. Measurement instrument
Anisolation resistance testinstrument capable ofapply ingaDCvoltage higher than
theworking voltage ofthehigh voltage busshall beused.
2.1.2. Measurement method
Aninsulator resistance testinstrument shall beconnected between theliveparts and
theelectrical chassis. Then, theisolation resistance shall bemeasured byapply inga
DCvoltage atleast halfoftheworking voltage ofthehigh voltage bus.
Ifthesystem has several voltage ranges (e.g. because ofboost converter) in
galvanicall yconnected circuit andsome ofthecomponents cannot withstand the
working voltage oftheentire circuit, theisolation resistance between those
components andtheelectrical chassis canbemeasured separatel ybyapply ingat
least halfoftheir own working voltage with those component disconnected.
2.2. Measurement method using thevehicle’s own REESS asDCvoltage source
2.2.1. Test vehicle conditions
Thehigh voltage -busshall beenergized bythevehicle’s own REESS and/or energy
conversion systemandthevoltage level oftheREESS and/or energy conversion
system throughout thetest shall beatleast thenominal operating voltage as
specified bythevehicle manufacturer.EN 38 EN2.2.2. Measurement instrument
The voltmeter used inthistestshall measure DCvalues andshall have aninternal
resistance ofatleast 10M.
2.2.3. Measurement method
2.2.3.1. First step
The voltage ismeasured asshown inFigure 4-Ap1-1and thehigh voltage bus
voltage (Vb) isrecorded. Vbshall beequal toorgreater than thenominal operating
voltage oftheREESS and/or energy conversion system asspecified bythevehicle
manufacturer.
Electrical chassis
Electrical chassisHigh Vo ltage BusREESS Assembly
REESS Traction SystemEnergy
Conversion
SystemEnergy Conversion
System Assembly
Figure 4-Ap1-1
Measurement ofVb,V1,V2
2.2.3.2. Second step
Measure andrecord thevoltage (V1) between thenegative side ofthehigh voltage
busandtheelectrical chassis (seeFigure 4-Ap1-1).
2.2.3.3. Third step
Measure andrecord thevoltage (V2) between thepositive side ofthehigh voltage
busandtheelectrical chassis (seeFigure 4-Ap1-1).
2.2.3.4. Fourth step
IfV1isgreater than orequal toV2, insert astandard known resistance (Ro)
between thenegative sideofthehigh voltage busandtheelectrical chassis. With Ro
installed, measure thevoltage (V1’) between thenegative side ofthehigh voltageEN 39 ENbusandtheelectrical chassis (seeFigure 4-Ap1-2).
Calculate theelectrical isolation (Ri)according tothefollowing formula:
Ri=Ro*(Vb/V1’ –Vb/V1) orRi=Ro*Vb*(1/V1’ –1/V1)
Energy Conversion
System AssemblyElectrical chassis
REESS Assembly
REESS Traction System
Electrical chassisHigh Vo ltage Bus
Energy
Conversion
System
Figure 4-Ap1-2
Measurement ofV1’
IfV2isgreater than V1, insert astandard known resistan ce(Ro) between the
positive side ofthehigh voltage busandtheelectrical chassis. With Roinstalled,
measure thevoltage (V2’) between thepositive side ofthehigh voltage busandthe
electrical chassis (see Figure 4-Ap1-3).Calculate theelectrical isolation (Ri)
according totheformula shown. Divide thiselectrical isolation value (in)bythe
nominal operating voltage ofthehigh voltage bus(inV).
Calculate theelectrical isolation (Ri)according tothefollowing formula:
Ri=Ro*(Vb/V2’ –Vb/V2) orRi=Ro*Vb*(1/V2’ –1/V2)EN 40 EN
Energy
Conversion
System
Electrical chassisElectrical chassis
Energy Conversion
System AssemblyHigh Vo ltage BusREESS Assembly
REESS Traction System
Figure 4-Ap1-3
Measurement ofV2’
2.2.3.5. Fifth step
The electrical isolation value Ri(in)divided bytheworking voltage ofthehigh
voltage bus(involts) results intheisolation resistance (in/V).
Note: Thestandard known resistance Ro(in)should bethevalue oftheminimum
required isolation resistance (in/V) multiplied bytheworking voltage ofthe
vehicle plus/minus 20percent (inV).Roisnotrequired tobeprecisely thisvalue
since theequations arevalid foranyRo;however, aRovalue inthisrange should
provide good resolution forthevoltage measurements.
Appendix 2–Confirmation method forfunction ofon-board isolation resistance monitoring system
1. The function oftheon-board isolation resistance monitoring system shall be
confirmed bythefollowing method:
Insert aresisto rthat does notcause theisolation resistance between theterminal
being monitored and theelectrical chassis todrop below theminimum required
isolation resistance value. Thewarning shall beactivated.
Appendix 3–Protection against direct contacts ofparts under voltage
1. Access probes
Access probes toverify theprotection ofpersons against access tolive parts are
given inTable 4-Ap3-1.
2. Test conditionsEN 41 ENThe access probe ispushed against anyopenings oftheenclosure with theforce
specified inTable 4-Ap3-1.Ifitpartly orfullypenetrates, itisplaced inevery
possible position, butinnocase shall thestop face fully penetrate through the
opening.
Internal barriers areconsidered partoftheenclosure
Alow-voltage supply of 40Vand50Vinseries with asuitable lamp shall be
connected, ifnecessary ,between theprobe and live parts inside thebarrier or
enclosure.
The signal -circuit method shall also beapplied tothemoving live parts ofhigh
voltage equipment.
Interna lmoving parts may beoperated or otherwise repositioned slowly ,where this
ispossible.
3. Acceptance conditions
Theaccess probe shall nottouch liveparts.
Ifthisrequirement isverified byasignal circuit between theprobe andliveparts,
thelamp shallnotlight up.
Inthecase ofthetestforIPXXB, thejointed testfinger may penetrate toits80mm
length, butthestop face (diameter 50mm x20mm) shall notpass through the
opening. Starting from thestraight position, both joints ofthetestfingershall be
successivel ybent through anangle ofupto90degree with respect totheaxis ofthe
adjoining section ofthefinger andshall beplaced inevery possible position.
Incase ofthetests forIPXXD, theaccess probe may penetrate toitsfulllength, but
thestop face shall notfully penetrate through theopening.
First
numeralAddit.
letterAccess probeTest
force
2 BJointed testfinger
SeeFigure 4-Ap3-1below forfulldimensions
Stop face
(50 x 20)
Jointed test finger
(Metal)
Insulating material
1210N±
10%
4,5,6 D Test wire 1.0mmdiameter 100mmlong1N±
10%EN 42 EN
Sphere 35 ±0.2
Approx. 100 100 ±0.2
Handle 
(Insulating material)
Stop face
(Insulating material)Rigid test wire
(Metal)Edges free 
from burrs10
1 + 0.05
0
Table 4-Ap3-1
Access probes forthetests forprotection ofpersons against access tohazardous partsEN 43 EN
Handle
GuardInsulating 
material
Stop face
JointsChamfer
all edges
R2 ±0,05
cylindricalR4±0,05
spherical
SECTION A -A
SECTION B -B
Figure 4-Ap3-1
Jointed testfingerEN 44 ENANNEX V
Requirements applying tomanufacturer s’declaration regarding endurance testing of
functional safety critical systems, parts andequipment
1. Requirements for the approval of a t ype of vehicle with regard to endurance testing
1.1. For the purpose of the statement inconformity with Article 22(2) of,andAnnex
VIII to,Regulation (EU) No168/2013 :
Vehicles andtheir systems, parts andequipment critical forfunctional safety shall
becapable ofwithstanding useunder normal conditions and when serviced in
accordance with themanufacturer ’srecommendations ,taking into account regular
andscheduled maintenance andspecific equipment adjustments carried outasper
theclear andunambiguous instructions provided bythevehicle manufacturer inthe
instruction manual provided with thevehicle.
The n ormal useofavehicle shall cover five years after first registration and a total 
distance travelled equal to 1,5 times the distance as specified in Annex VII to 
Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 in direct relation to the vehicle category in question 
and the emission stage (i.e. Euro level) according to which the vehi cle is to be ty pe-
approved, however, the required distance shall not exceed 60 000 km for any 
vehicle category . Normal use does notinclude useunder harsh conditions (e.g.
extreme cold orheat) androad conditions inflicting damage tothevehicle duetoits
state ofrepair.
1.2. Type-approved tyres,replaceable light sources oflighting components andother
consumable items areexcluded from theendurance requirements.
1.3. The vehicle manufacturer isnotobliged tosurrender information such asafile
containing proprietary information pertaining tocompan ydata concerning
endurance testing procedures andother related internal practices .
1.4. The manufacturer’s statement iswithout prejudice toitswarranty obligations
towards theowner ofthevehicle.EN 45 ENANNEX VI
Requirements applying tofront andrear protective structures
1. Requirements for the approval of a ty pe of vehicle with regard to front and rear 
protective structures
1.1. Iftherequirements ofUNECE Regulation No26asregards theexternal projections
have been applied totheentire vehicle, asprovided through the relevant provisions 
of Annex II (C) (7) to Regulation (EU) 168/2013 ,therequirements ofthisAnnex
are deemed met .
1.2. Iftherequirements ofUNECE Regulation No26asregards theexternal projections
have notbeen applied, orhave been applied onlypartly tothevehicle aspermitted
through the relevant provisions of Annex II (C) (7) to Regulation (EU) 168/2013 ,
thefollowing requirements shall bemet:
1.2.1. Vehicles ofwhic htherelevant front structure hasbeen fully assessed inaccordance
with UNECE Regulation No26aredeemed tocomply with therequirements on
front protective structures.
1.2.2. Vehicles with asingle front wheel andofwhich theexternal projections forward of
thefront axle have been assessed bymeans ofthetesting device inaccordance with
the relevant provisions of Annex II (C) (7) to Regulation (EU) 168/2013 ,are
deemed tocompl ywith therequirements onfront protective structures.
1.2.3. Vehicles with more than onefront wheel andofwhich therelevant front structure
hasnotbeen fully  assessed inaccordance with UNECE Regulation No26shall
meet thefollowing requirements :
1.2.3. 1. Atleast two thirds ofthemaximum width oftheforward section of the vehicle ,
measured atthelocation ofthefront axle or in front of it ,shall consist ofvehicle
structure forward ofthetransverse linewhich ishalfway between thefront axle and
theforemost point ofthevehicle (i.e. therelevant structure , see Figure 6 -1).The
location ,interms ofheight ,ofthisstructure isrelevant only above thefloor lineand
below 2.0m.EN 46 EN
Figure 6 -1
Relevant structure of the forward section of the vehicle
Note: in this example the front ty res fall within the assessmen t zone and the 
respective widths are included in the overall compliant relevant structure
1.2.3. 2. None ofthevehicle structure forward oftheline described inpoint 1.2.3. 1.shall
have pointed orsharp parts orprojections which aredirected outwards andwhich
arelikelytocatch orsignificantly increase theseverit yofinjuries orchance of
lacerations tovulnerable road users intheevent ofacollision while thevehicle is
being driven forward. Thestructure shall inanycase exhibit noedges which canbe
contacted bya100mmsphere andwhich have aradius ofcurvature oflessthan 2.5
mm. Edges may however beblunted where their projection islessthan 5.0mmand
there arenospecific requirements foredges with aprojection oflessthan 1.5mm.EN 47 EN1.2.4. Vehicles which arenotequipped with adevice forreversing areexempted from the
requirements onrearprotective structures inpoint s1.2.5. to1.2.6.2.1.
1.2.5. Vehicles which areequipped with adevice forreversing andofwhich therelevant
rearstructure hasbeen fully  assessed inaccordance with UNECE Regulation No26
aredeemed tocompl ywith therequirements applying torearprotective structures.
1.2.6. Vehicles which areequipped with adevice forreversing andofwhich therelevant
rear vehicle structure hasnotbeen fully assessed inaccordance with UNECE
Regulation No26shall meet thefollowing requirements :
1.2.6.1. Atleast twothirds ofthewidth ofthevehicle ,asmeasured attherear axle,shall
consist ofvehicle structure (i.e. the relevant structure, see Figure 6 -2).Thelocation ,
interms ofheight ,ofthisstructure isrelevant only above thefloor lineandbelow
2.0m.
1.2.6.2. None ofthestructure rearward oftherearaxle shall have pointed orsharp parts or
projectio nswhich are directed outwards and which are likelytocatch or
significantl yincrease theseverit yofinjuries orchance oflacerations tovulnerable
road users intheevent ofacollision while thevehicle isbeing driven rearward. The
structure shall inanycase exhibit noedges which canbecontacted bya100mmEN 48 ENsphere and which have aradius ofcurvature ofless than 2.5mm. Edges may
however beblunted where their projection isless than 5.0mm andthere areno
specific requirements foredges with aprojection oflessthan 1.5mm.
1.2.6.2.1. Incase ofvehicles ofcategories L2e-U,L5e-B,L6e-BUandL7e-CU, theedges
which canbecontacted bya100 mm sphere shall atleast beblunted when their
projection is1.5mmormore.
1.3. Ifthematerial hardness ismeasured upon request ofthetechnical service, the
measurement shall betaken with thematerial asinstalled onthevehicle. Where itis
impossible tocarry outsuch ameasurement correctl y,thetechnical service may
accept alternative assessment methods.EN 49 ENANNEX VII
Requirements applying toglazing, windscreen wipers andwashers, anddefrosting and
demisting systems
Part1—Requirements for the approval of a t ype of vehicle with regard toglazing
1. Fitting requirements.
1.1. Vehicles shall befitted only with safety glazing.
1.1.1. Allsafety glazing fitted tothevehicle shall betype-approved inaccordance with
UNECE Regulation No43.
1.1.2. Safety glazing shall befitted insuch away that, despite thestresses towhich the
vehicle issubjectunder normal operating conditions, itremains inposition and
continues toafford visibility andsafet ytotheoccupants orriders ofthevehicle.
1.1.3. Plastic windscreens which arefitted tovehicles without body work andwhich are
notsupported atthetoparenotdeemed tobesafety glazing andareexempted from
therequirements laiddown inthisAnnex.
1.1.3.1. Bywayof derogation to Article 2(5)andforthepurpose ofthisAnnex, avehicle is
deemed tohave body work ifthere arestructural eleme ntssuch asA-pillars ora
rigid frame around thewindscreen, incombination with other possible elements
such asside doors, side windows and/or aroof creating anenclosed orpartly
enclosed compartment andthetechnical service shall provide clear justification for
thejudgment criteria inthetestreport.
2. Specific provisions
2.1. Vehicles ofcategory Lshall meet alltherelevant requirements setoutinAnnex 21
toUNECE Regulation No43,asprescribed forvehicle category M1.
2.1.1. Points 4.2.1. 2. and 4.2.2.2. ofAnnex 21toUNECE Regulation No43shall not
apply .Instead, flexible -plastic glazing bearing the approval mark “IX” may be 
fitted as safet y glazing other than windscreens.
2.1.2. Rigid plastic safet y glazing, provided that it is ty pe-approved and bears the approval 
mark “VIII /A/L” or “X /A/L ”, may be fitted as a windscreen on vehicles of 
categories L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e and L5e.
2.1.3. Vehicles ofcategories L5e-B,L6e-BandL7e-Cshall befitted with awindscreen
forming apartoftheenclosed driving andpassenger compartment .
Part2—Requirements for the approval of a t ype of vehicle with regard towindscreen wipers and
washers
1. Fitting requirements
1.1. Allvehicle sfitted with awindscreen made from safety glazing shall beequipped
with awindscreen wiper system thatcanfunction when thevehicle master control
switch hasbeen activated, without anyaction bythedriver other than switching onEN 50 ENtheoperating control forstarting andstopping thewindscreen wiper system.
1.1.1. The windscreen wiper system shall consist ofoneormore wiper arms with wiper
blades thatareeasilyreplaceable andcanbecleaned manuall y.Wiper arms shall be
fitted insuch away thatthey canbefolded away from thewindscreen.
1.1.2. Thewindscreen wiper field shall cover atleast 90%ofvision area A,asdetermined
inaccordance with Appendix 1.
1.1.2.1. The windscreen wiper field shall meet therequirements when thesystem is
operating atasweep frequency corresponding topoint 1.1.3 .Thewinds creen wiper
field shall beassessed under theconditions setoutinpoint s2.1.10. to2.1.10.3.
1.1.3. The windscreen wiper shall have asweep frequency ofatleast 40cycles per
minute ,tobeattained under theconditions specified inpoint s2.1.1. to2.1.6and
2.1.8.
1.1.4. Thewindscreen wiper system shall becapable ofoperating fortwominutes onadry
windscreen without deterioration ofperformance.
1.1.4.1. The performance ofthewindscreen wiper system onadrywindscreen shall be
tested under theconditions setoutinpoint 2.1.11.
1.1.5. The windscreen wiper system shall becapable ofwithstanding stalling foratleast
15seconds. The useofautomatic circuit protection devices isallowed, provided
that noaction isrequired forpossible resett ing other than operation ofthe
windscreen wiper operating control.
1.1.5.1. Thecapabilit yofwithstanding stalling shall betested under theconditions setoutin
point 2.1.7 .
1.2. Allvehicle sfitted with awindscreen made from safet yglazing shall befitted with a
windscreen washer system thatcanfunction when thevehicle master control switch
hasbeen activated andiscapable ofwithstanding theloads andpressures resulting
when thenozzles areplugged andthesystem isactuated according totheprocedure
setoutinpoint s2.2.1.1. to2.2.1.1.2.
1.2.1. The performance ofthewindscreen washer system shall notbeadversely affected
byexposure tothetemperature cyclesreferred toinpoint s2.2.1. to2.2.3.1.
1.2.2. The windscreen washer system shallbecapable ofspray ingfluid onto thetarget
area ofthewindscreen without anytrace ofleakage, disconnection ofanytubing
andmalfunctioning ofanynozzle, atnormal conditions when subjected toambient
temperatures between 255 K and 333 K ( -18ºC and60ºC ).Inaddition, when the
nozzles areblocked, thesystem shall show nosigns ofleakage anddisconnection of
anytubing.
1.2.3. The windscreen washer system shall becapable ofdelivering sufficient fluid to
clear atleast 60%ofvision area A,asdetermined inaccordance with Appendix 1,
under theconditions setoutinpoint s2.2.5. to2.2.5.4.
1.2.4. The windscreen washer system shall becapable ofbeing activated manually byEN 51 ENmeans ofthewasher control. Inaddition, activation anddeactivation ofthesystem
may becoordinated andcombined with anyother vehicle system.
1.2.5. Thecapacit yofthereservoir containing theliquid shall notbelessthan 1.0litre.
1.2.6. Awindscreen washer system which hasbeen approved asaseparate technical unit
inaccordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No1008/201014may beinstalled,
provided thattheprovisions ofpoint 2.2.6. arecomplied with.
2. Test procedure
2.1. Windscreen wiper system testconditions.
2.1.1. Thetests described below shall becarriedoutunder theconditions stated inpoint s
2.1.2. to2.1.5. unless specified otherwise.
2.1.2. Theambient temperature shall bebetween 278K and 313 K ( 5°Cand40°C).
2.1.3 Thewindscreen shall bekept constantly wet.
2.1.4. Electric windscreen wipersystem sshall meet thefollowing additional conditions :
2.1.4.1. Allbatteries shall befully charged atthestart ofthetest.
2.1.4.2. The engine, iffitted, shall run ataspeed notexceeding 30%ofthespeed
corresponding toitsmaximum power output. However, ifthisisproven nottobe
practicable due tospecific engine control strategies, forinstance inthecase of
electric hybrid vehicles, arealistic scenario shall bedetermined, taking intoaccount
theengine speeds andperiodical orcomple teabsence ofarunning engine during
normal driving conditions. Ifthe windscreen wiper system can meet the
requirements without arunning engine, theengine does nothave torunatall.
2.1.4.3. Thepassing beam headlamps shall beswitched on.
2.1.4.4. Allfitted heating, ventilation, defrosting anddemisting systems (regardless oftheir
location inthevehicle) shall beoperating atmaximum electrical consumption.
2.1.5. Compressed airorvacuum operated windscreen wiper systems shall becapable of
functioning continuousl yattheprescribed sweep frequencies whatever theengine
speed andengine load orminimum andmaximum battery charge levels specified by
themanufacturer fornormal operation.
2.1.6. The sweep frequency ofthewindscreen wiper system shall compl ywith the
requirements ofpoint 1.1.3. after apreliminary operating time of20minutes ona
wetwindshield.
2.1.7. The requirements ofpoint 1.1.5. shall besatisfied when thewiper arms are
restrained inaposition corresponding tohalf acycle,foraperiod of15seconds
with thewindscreen wiper control setatthemaximum sweep frequency .
  
14OJ L 292, 10.11.2010, p. 2.EN 52 EN2.1.8. The outer face ofthewindscreen shall bethoroughl ydegreased bymeans of
methy lated spirit oranequivalent degreasing agent. After drying, asolution of
ammonia ofnotlessthan 3%andnotmore than 10% shall beapplied. Thesurface
shall beallowed todryagain andthen bewiped with adrycotton cloth.
2.1.9. Acoating ofthetest mixture, comply ingwith thespecifications laid down in
Append ix2,shall beapplied uniformly totheouter surface ofthewindscreen and
allowed todry.
2.1.9.1. Where theouter face ofthewindscreen hasbeen prepared inaccordance with point s
2.1.8. and2.1.9., thewindscreen washer system may beused during therelevant
tests.
2.1.10. Thewiper field ofthewindscreen wiper system, asprescribed inpoint 1.1.2., shall
bedetermined asfollows :
2.1.10.1. The outer face ofthewindscreen shall betreated inaccordance with point s2.1.8.
and2.1.9.
2.1.10.2. Inordertoverify thattherequirements ofpoint 1.1.2. aremet, thewindscreen wiper
system shall beactivated, taking intoaccount point 2.1.9.1., andatrace ofthewiper
field shall bemade andcompared with atrace ofvision area A,asdetermined in
accordance with Appendix 1.
2.1.10.3. Thetechnical service may agree toanalternative testprocedure (e.g. virtual testing)
toverify thattherequirements ofpoint 1.1.2. aremet.
2.1.11. The requirements ofpoint 1.1.4. shall besatisfied under thecondi tions ofpoint
2.1.2. The vehicle shall beprepared foroperation under theconditions setoutin
point s2.1.4. to2.1.5. During thetest, thewiper system shall operate normally ,but
atthemaximum sweep frequency .Thewiper field does nothave tobeobserved.
2.2. Windscreen washer system testconditions.
2.2.1. Test No1:The windscreen washer system shall befilled with water, fully primed
andplaced inanambient temperature of293± 2 K ( 20±2°C)foraminimum of
four hours. Thewater shall bestabilisedatthistemperature.
2.2.1.1. Allnozzle outlets shall beplugged and thewindscreen washer control shall be
actuated sixtimes inoneminute, each time foratleast three seconds.
2.2.1.1.1 Ifthewindscreen washer system ispowered bythemuscu larenergy ofthedriver,
theforce applied shall be11.0 to13.5 daN ifahand -operated washer pump isused,
or40.0 to44.5 daN ifafoot-operated washer pump isused.
2.2.1.1.2. Where electric washer pumps areused,thetestvoltage shall notbeless thanthe
rated voltage andnotmore than therated voltage plus 2Volt.
2.2.1.2. Theperformance ofthewindscreen washer system attheendofthetestshall bein
compliance with point 1.2.2. .EN 53 EN2.2.2. Test No.2.Thewindscreen washer system shall befilledwith water, fully primed,
andplaced inanambient temperature of255 ± 3 K ( -18±3°C)foraminimum of
four hours, ensuring thatallthewater contained inthedevice isfrozen. Thedevice
isthen exposed toanambient temperature of293 ± 2K ( 20±2°C)until theicehas
completely melted.
2.2.2.1. The performance ofthewindscreen washer system shall then beverified by
actuating thesystem inaccordance with point s2.2.1.1. to2.2.1.2.
2.2.3. Test No. 3.The windscreen washer system shall befilledwith water ofa
temperature of333 ± 3 K ( 60±3°C).
2.2.3.1. The performance ofthewindscreen washer system shall then beverified by
actuating thesystem inaccordance with point s2.2.1.1. to2.2.1.2.
2.2.4. The windscreen washer system tests setoutinpoint s2.2.1. to2.2.3.1. shall be
carried outinsequence onthesame windscreen washer system. Thesystem may be
tested either asinstalled onthevehicle typeforwhich ECtype-approval issought,
orseparatel y.
2.2.5. Test No4:Windscreen wash ersystem capability test
2.2.5.1. Thewindscreen washer system shall befilled with water andfully primed. With the
vehicle stationary andnosignificant wind effect, thenozzle(s) may,ifpossible, be
adjusted soastopoint towards thetarget area ontheouter face ofthewindscreen.
2.2.5.2. The outer face ofthewindscreen shall betreated asprescribed inpoint s2.1.8 and
2.1.9.
2.2.5.3. The windscreen washer system shall beactuated according tothemanufacturer’s
instructions, taking intoaccoun tpoint s2.2.1.1.1 and2.2.1.1.2. Thetotal duration of
thetest shall not exceed 10complete cycles ofautomatic operation ofthe
windscreen wiper system operating atthemaximum sweep frequency .
2.2.5.4. Inorder toverify thattherequirements ofpoint 1.2.3. aremet, atrace oftherelevant
cleaned area shall bemade and compared with atrace ofvision area A,as
determined inaccordance with Appendix 1.Ifitisclear totheobserver that the
requirements aremet, thetraces donothave tobeprepared .
2.2.6. Where atype-approved separate technical unit isinstalled onthevehicle, in
accordance with point 1.2.6., onlythetestsetoutinpoint s2.2.5. to2.2.5.4. needs to
becarried outonthewindscreen washer system.
Part2—Appendix 1—Procedu refordetermining vision areas onwindscreens ofvehicles
Vision area Aisestablished inaccordance with Annex 18toUNECE Regulation
43.
Part2—Appendix 2—Specifications ofthemixture fortesting thewindscreen wiper andwasher
systemsEN 54 ENThetestmixture referred toinpoint 2.1.9. ofPart 2shall comply with Appendix 4
toAnnex IIItoCommission Regulation (EU) No1008/2010.
Part2—Appendix 3—Procedure forverification oftheR-point orseating reference point
TheR-point orseating refer ence point isestablished inaccordance with Annex 3to
UNECE Regulation No1715.
Part2—Appendix 4—Procedure fordetermining primary reference marks inthethree -
dimensional reference system
The dimensional relationships between primary reference marksondrawings and
their position onthevehicle areestablished inaccordance with Annex 4toUNECE
Regulation No12516.
Part3—Requirements for the approval of a t ype of vehicle with regard todefrosting and
demisting systems
1. Fitting requirements
1.1. Allvehicle sfitted with awindscreen made from safet yglazing ,except vehicles of
categories L2eandL6easwell asanyvehicles notfitted with side doors capable of
covering thedoor aperture byatleast 75%, either asstandard oroptional
equipme nt,shall beequipped with asystem forremoving frost andicefrom the
exterior glazed surface ofthewindscreen and removing mist from theinterior
glazed surface ofthewindscreen. Thewindscreen defrosting anddemisting system
shall beeffective enough toensure adequate visibility through thewindscreen in
cold weather.
1.1.1. Vehicles with amaximum power notexceeding 15kWshall meet alltherelevant
requirements ofUNECE Regulation No122, asprescribed forvehicle category M1.
1.1.2. Vehicles withamaximum power exceeding 15kW shall meet alltherelevant
requirements ofCommission Regulation (EU) No672/201017,asprescribed for
vehicle category M1.
1.2. However, ifthewindscreen isfitted insuch away thatnovehicle structure attached
tothewindscreen extend srearwards formore than 100mm,with anydetachable or
retractable door orroof installed and intheclosed position, thedefrosting and
demisting system isnotrequired.
  
15OJ L 373, 27.12.2006, p. 1.
16OJ L 200, 31.7.2010, p. 38.
17OJ L 196, 28.7.2010, p. 5.EN 55 ENANNEX VIII
Requirements applying todriver -operated controls including identification ofcontrols, tell-
tales andindicators
1. Requirements for the approval of a ty pe of vehicle with regard to identification of 
controls, tell -tales and indicators
1.1. Identification ofcontrols, tell-tales andindicators
1.1.1. Vehicles ofcategor iesL1e-BandL3eshall meet alltherelevant requirements of
UNECE Regulation No60except those inAnnex 3tothat Regulation .The
requirements ofpoint s1.1.1.1. and1.1.1.2. shall alsobetaken intoaccount.
1.1.1.1. Itshall beensur edthatnodeviations intheshape andorientation oftheprovided
symbols arepermitted.
1.1.1.2. Itshall further beensured thatthecorresponding requirements ofpoint s2.to2.2.1.6
aremet with respect tofunctions forwhich nosymbol isprovided inUNECE
Regulation No60,butforwhich symbols areprovided inthisRegulation.
1.1.2. Vehicles ofcategory L4eshall meet alltherelevant requirements inpoint s1.1.1. to
1.1.1.2. forvehicle category L3e.
1.1.3. Vehicles ofcategory L2e,L5e,L6eandL7eshall meet therequirements ofpoint 2
to2.2.1.6. or,alternatively ,therelevant requirements ofUNECE Regulation No
121, asprescribed forvehicle category M1.
1.2. Speedometer andodometer
1.2.1. Vehicles with amaximum design vehicle speed excee ding 25km/h shall befitted
with aspeedometer aswell asanodometer.
1.2.1.1. Vehicles ofcategor iesL1e, L2e,L3e, L4eandL5efitted with aspeedometer shall
meet alltherelevant requirements ofUNECE Regulation No39.
1.2.1.2. Vehicles ofcategory L6efitted with aspeedometer shall, intheabsence ofspecific
requirements forvehicles ofthat category ,meet alltherelevant requirements of
UNECE Regulation No39,asprescribed forvehicle category L2e.
1.2.1.3. Vehicles ofcategory L7efitted withaspeedometer shall, intheabsence ofspecific
requirements forvehicles ofthat category ,meet alltherelevant requirements of
UNECE Regulation No39,asprescribed forvehicle category L5e.
1.2.2. Explanatory notes toUNECE Regulation No39
1.2.2.1. Thetechnical service may accept anincreased temperature range of296 ± 15 K ( 23
±15°C)instead oftherange stated inpoint 5.2.3. ofUNECE Regulation No39ifit
can bedemonstrated that thespeedometer equipment isnotsensitive tosuch
temperature variations (e.g. with digital display s).
2. Specific requirementsEN 56 EN2.1. Controls, tell-tales andindicators fitted tothevehicle andlisted inpoint 2.1.10.
shall comply with therequirements regarding location, identification, colour and
illumination. Forfunctions forwhich nosymbol isprovided inthisRegulation, the
manufacturer may use asymbol following theappropriate ISO 6727 :2012 or
2575 :2010/Amd1:2011 standards. Where noISO symbol isavailable, the
manufacturer may useasymbol ofitsown conc eption. Inanycase, such symbol
shall notcause confusion with anyprescribed symbol.
2.1.1. Thesymbols shall stand outclearl yagainst thebackground.
2.1.1.1. Contrasting colours shall beused tocomply with therequirements ofpoint 2.1.1.
2.1.2. Thesymbols shall beplaced onthecontrol orcontrol tell-taletobeidentified ,orin
immediate proximity thereof. Where thisisnotpossible, thesymbol andcontrol or
tell-taleshall bejoined byacontinuous dash thatisasshort aspossible.
2.1.3. Deviations intheshape oftheprovided symbols arenotpermitted.
2.1.4. Ifnecessary forclarit y,supplementary symbols may beused inconjunction with
anysymbol asspecified, provided thatthey donotcause confusion with anysymbol
specified inthisRegulation.
2.1.5. Atthe manufacturer’s discretion ,any control orindicator aswell astheir
identifications may becapable ofbeing illuminated atanytime.
2.1.6. Atell-taleshall notemit light except when identify ingthemalfunction orvehicle
cond ition itisdesigned toindicate orduring afunctional check (e.g. bulb check).
2.1.7. Means shall beprovided toensure thattell-tales andtheir identification arevisible
andrecognisable under alldriving conditions.
2.1.7.1. When illuminated, tell-talesand their associated identify ingsymbol sshall be
perfectly visible andrecognisable under allambient lighting conditions.
2.1.8. When used foroptical tell-tales,thefollowing colours shall have themeanings
indicated:
-red: danger topersons orvery serious damage toequipment isimmediate or
imminent;
-yellow: outside normal operating limits, vehicle system malfunction, damage to
vehicle likely ,orother condition which may produce hazard inthelonger term
(caution );
-green: safet y,normal operating condition (except ifblue oryellow isrequired)
The mandatory colours aregiven inpoint 2.1.10. Itshall beverified that no
inappropriate colour isused fortell-tales even iffitted cumulatively (e.g. redfor
normal cruise control operation orfor‘sport’ mode).
2.1.9. Ifcolour coding isused toidentify thelimits oftheadjustment range ofa
temperature function (e.g. passenger compartment heating system), thehotlimit
shall beidentified bythecolour redandthecold limit bythecolour blue. Ifthe
status orlimit ofafunction isshown byanindicator separated from and notEN 57 ENadjacent tothecontrol forthatfunction, both thecontrol andtheindicator shall be
independentl yidentified with theappropriate symbol.
2.1.10. Designation andidentification ofsymbols:
Figure 8-1
Driving beam (main -beam) headlamp (control /tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: blue
Figure 8-2
Passing beam (dipped -beam) headlamp (control /tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: greenEN 58 EN
Figure 8-3
Direction indicator (control /tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: green
Note: ifthere areseparate tell-tales fortheleftandright direction indicators, thetwo
arrows may alsobeused independentl y.
Figure 8-4
Hazard warning signal (control /tell-tale)
Two possibilities:
-Identify ingsignal (Figure 8-4),
Tell-talecolour: red
or
-Simultaneous operation oftheseparate direction indicator tell-tales (Figure 8-3),
provided thatthese normally operate independently (seeNote below Figure 8-3).EN 59 EN
Figure 8-5
Manual choke (control /tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: yellow
Figure 8-6
Electrical a udible warning device (control)
Note: ifmore than onesymbol isprovided onthecontrol(s), thesupplementary
symbol(s) may bemirrored. Ifthecontrol islocated directly onasteeri ngwheel, the
requirements ofpoint 2.1.1.1. donotapply .EN 60 EN
Figure 8-7
Fuel level (indicator /tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: yellow
Figure 8-8
Engine coolant temperature (indicator /tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: redEN 61 EN
Figure 8-9
Battery charge (indicator /tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: red
Figure 8-10
Engine oil(indicator /tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: redEN 62 EN
Figure 8-11
Front foglamp (control /tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: green
Figure 8-12
Rear foglamp (control /tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: yellowEN 63 EN
Figure 8-13
Vehicle master control switch, engine ignition, supplemental engine cut-off
(control)
Note: position ‘off’ –identification isnotrequired forswitches physically
integrated with protective devices acting onthevehicle steering(steering lock)
Figure 8-14
Vehicle master control switch, engine ignition, supplemental engine cut-off
(control)
Note: position ‘on’ or‘run’ –identification isnotrequired forswitches physically
integrated with protective devices acting onthevehicle steering (steering lock)EN 64 EN
Figure 8-15
Lighting switch (control /tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: green
Figure 8-16
Position (side) lamps (control /tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: green
Note: ifthisfunction does nothave aseparate control ortell-tale, itmay be
identified bythesymbol shown inFigure 8-15EN 65 EN
Figure 8-17
Parking lamps (control)
Figure 8-18
Neutral indication (tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: green
Note: gear boxinneutralEN 66 EN
Figure 8-19
Electric engine starter (control)
Figure 8-20
Anti -lock Brake System malfunction (tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: yellowEN 67 EN
Figure 8-21
Malfunction indicator lamp (tell-tale)
Tell-talecolour: yellow
Note: shall beused toconvey power -train related failures which may affect
emissions
Explanatory notes
(1) Theframed areas may besolid.
(2) Thedark partofthissymbol may bereplaced byitssilhouette.EN 68 EN2.1.11. Themodel base provided inFigure 8-22shall beused.
Figure 8-22
Structure ofthemodel base forthesymbols referred toinpoint 2.1.10
Themodel base consists of:
1)abase 50mmsquare, thisdimension being equal tonominal dimension ‘a’inthe
original;
2)abase circle 56mmindiameter having approximately thesame area asthebase
square (1);
3)asecond 50mm-diam etercircle isdrawn within thebase square (1);
4)asecond square thetipsofwhich lieonthebase circle (2)andthesides ofwhich
areparallel tothose ofthebase square (1);
5)and6)two rectangles having thesame area asthebase square (1),theirsides
being atright angles toeach other andeach ofthem devised soastodivide the
opposite sides ofthebase square intosymmetrical points;
7)athird square thesides ofwhich pass through thepoints ofintersection ofthe
base square (1)andthebase circle (2)andareinclined at45°, thus providing the
greatest horizontal andvertical dimensions ofthemodel base;
8)anirregular octagon formed bylines inclined at30°tothesides ofthesquare (7).
Thebase model islaidupon agrid thelower side ofwhich measures 12.5mmand
coincides with thebase square (1).
2.2. Common space fordisplay ingmultiple information.
2.2.1. Acommon space may beused toshow information from anysource, provided that
thefollowing requirements aremet:
2.2.1. 1. The tell-tales and indicators display edinthecommon space shall meet theEN 69 ENrequirements ofpoint s2.1. to2.1.11. and shall light upattheinitiation ofthe
condition they aredesigned toidentify .
2.2.1.2. Thetell-tales andindicators listed inpoint2.1.10. andshown inthecommon space
shall light upattheinitiation ofanyunderl yingcondition.
2.2.1.3. Except asprovided inpoint s2.2.1.4. to2.2.1.6., when thecondition exists for
actuation oftwoormore tell-tales, theinformation shall beeither:
-repeated automatically insequence;
or
-indicated byvisible means andcapable ofbeing selected forviewing bythedriver
when seated inthedriving position.
2.2.1.4. The tell-tales foranybraking system malfunction, headlamp driving beam and
direction indicator shall notbeshown inthesame common space.
2.2.1.5. Ifanyofthose tell-tales aredisplay edinacommon space with other tell-tales, their
activation shall take precedence over thatofanything elseinthecommon space .
2.2.1.6. Itshall notbepossible todeactivate thebraking system malfunction, headlamp
driving beam anddirection indicator tell-tales,oranyother redtell-tale, when the
condition fortheir activation still exists. Itmay bepossible forother information
displ ayedinacommon space tobecancelled automatically orbythedriver.EN 70 ENANNEX IX
Requirements applying toinstallation oflighting andlight signalling devices, including
automatic switching oflighting
1. Requirements for the approval of a t ype of vehicl e with regard to installation of 
lighting
1.1. Vehicles ofcategory L1e shall meet alltherelevant requirements ofUNECE
Regulation No74.The requirements of point s 1.8. to 1.12. shall also be taken into 
account.
1.1.1. Vehicles ofcategory L1e-Bshall ,intheabsence ofuniform requirements in
UNECE Regulation No74,alway sbefitted with arearregistration plate lamp.
1.1.2. Vehicles ofcategory L1emay,intheabsence ofspecific requirements inUNECE
Regulation No74,befitted with daytime runnin glamps which areactivated instead
ofautomaticall yswitched -onheadlamps andwhich compl ywith therequirements
setoutinpoint s2.3.4. to2.3.4.7. below.
1.1.3. Vehicles ofcategory L1e-Amay alternativel ytotherequirements laid down in
point s1.1. to1.1.2. befitted with allthefollowing devices: aheadlamp emitting
white light towards thefront when thevehicle isinmotion ,arear position lamp
emitting redlight towards therearwhen thevehicle isinmotion ,amber side retro -
reflectors (one oneach side) ,amber pedal retro -reflectors (towards thefront andthe
rear, both oneach side) andaredrear retro -reflector. These lighting devices need
notbecomponent type-approved and noother specific fitting ,switching and
electrical connection requirements apply.Insuch cases, themanufacturer shall
declare that thelighting devices concerned conform toISOstandard 6742 -1:1987
and6742 -2:1985.
1.2. Vehicles ofcategory L2eshall meet therequirements ofpoint s1.10.to2.5.
1.3. Vehicles ofcategoryL3e shall meet alltherelevant requirements ofUNECE
Regulation No53.The requirements of point s 1.8. to 1.12. shall also be taken into 
account.
1.4. Vehicles ofcategory L4eshall meet therequirements ofpoint s1.10. to 1.12. and 3.
to3.2.8.1.
1.5. Vehicles ofcategory L5eshall meet therequirements ofpoint s1.10.to2.5.
1.6. Vehicles ofcategory L6eshall meet therequirements ofpoint s1.10.to2.5.
1.7. Vehicles ofcategory L7eshall meet therequirements ofpoint s1.10.to 2.5.
1.8. Vehicles of category L1e-A may befitted with retro -reflective bands onthetyre
sidewalls or rims soastoprovide avisual impression ofcircles ofwhite light and
making such vehicle seasily recognisable.
1.9. Vehicles ofcategory L1eandL3emay befittedwith additional rearandside retro -
reflective devices andmaterials provided thatthey donotimpair theeffectiveness of
the mandatory lighting and light-signalling devices. Inparticular, luggageEN 71 ENcompartments and saddle bags may befitted with retro -reflective materials,
provided thatthese have thesame colour asthelighting device satthatlocation.
1.10. Novehicle shall befitted with auxiliary light sources ofwhich theemitted light can
beobserved either directly orindirectl yunder normal driving conditions ,other than
those forthepurpose ofilluminating controls, tell-tales and indicators orthe
occupant compartment.
1.11. No vehicle shall be fitted with lighting devices which, due to a lack of specific 
wording in the respective component type-approval provisions and unless explicitly  
allowed b y those provisions, display or give the appearance of movement or 
expansion of its light on the apparent surface orany strobe or flashing effect .
Furthermore, if the apparent surface of a lighting f unction is reduced in size due to 
the activation of another lighting function with a different colour, the remaining 
apparent surface of the first named function shall continue to meet the relevant 
colorimetric and appropriate luminous intensity requiremen ts (e.g. left and right -
hand side tail lamp consisting of two rear position lamp rings with LEDs of which 
the outer ring can become the direction indicator lamp and the inner ring remains a 
combined rear position and stop lamp) . All operation modes shall b e duly covered 
bythe lighting device component ty pe-approval .
1.12. Where automaticall yswitched -onheadlamp ordaytime running lamp activation is
linked totherunning ofanengine, thisshall beconstrued asbeing linked tothe
activation ofthemaster control switch. This shall inparticular bethecase for
vehicles with electric orother alternative propulsion systems andvehicles equipped
with anautomatic engine stop/start system.
2. Requirements concerning vehicles ofcategory L2e,L5e,L6eandL7e.
2.1. General specifications
2.1.1. Alllighting devices shall betype-approved and fitted inaccordance with the
component manufacturer’s specifications and installed sothat, under normal
conditions ofuseandnotwithstanding anyvibration towhich theymay besubjected,
they retain thecharacteristics asprescribed andenable thevehicle tocomply with
therequirements ofthisAnnex. Inparticular, itshall notbepossible forthelighting
devices tobeinadvertently maladjusted.
2.1.2. The illumina ting lamps shall befitted sothat their alignment caneasily beset
correctly .
2.1.3. The reference axis ofthelighting device when fitted tothevehicle shall be
perpendicular tothelongitudinal median plane ofthevehicle inthecase ofside
retro -reflectors andparallel tothat plane inthecase ofallother lighting devices,
with apermitted tolerance of3°.
2.1.4. The height andalignment oflighting devices areverified with thevehicle with its
mass inrunning order , plus the mass of any propuls ion batteries, placed onaflat
horizontal surface, with thesteered wheel(s) inthestraight ahead position andthe
tyrepressures adjusted tothemanufacturer’s specified values.EN 72 EN2.1.5. Intheabsence ofspecific requirements, lighting devices constitut ingapairshall:
– beinstalled onthevehicle symmetricall yinrelation tothelongitudinal
median plane;
– besymmetrical toeach other inrelation tothelongitudinal median plane
(which includes being instacked formation);
– have identical colorimetric requirements; and
– have identical photometric characteristics.
2.1.6. Intheabsence ofspecific instructions, lamps having different functions may be
independent orgrouped, combined orreciprocally incorporated inone device,
provided thateach lamp complie swith therequirement applicable toit.
2.1.7. The maximum height above ground ismeasured from thehighest point, andthe
minimum height from thelowest point, ofthelight-emitting surface.
2.1.8. Intheabsence ofspecific requirements, nolamps otherthan direction indicator
lamps, thehazard warning signal and theemergency braking signal may emit a
flashing light.
2.1.9. Nolight-emitting surface ofanyredlamp shall bevisible towards thefront andno
light-emitting surface ofanywhite lamp, withtheexception ofreversing lamps,
shall bevisible towards therear. Nointerior orinstrument cluster lighting shall be
taken intoaccount andthecondition ischecked asfollows:
2.1.9.1. Noredlamp shall bedirectly visible toanobserver moving within Zone1ina
transverse plane situated 25minfront oftheforemost partofthevehicle (seeFigure
9-1).
2.1.9.2. Nowhite lamp shall bedirectly visible toanobserver moving within Zone 2ina
transverse plane situated 25mbehind therearmost partofthevehicle (see Figure 9-
2).
2.1.9.3. Zones 1and2arelimited intheir respective planes asfollows (see Figures 9-1and
9-2):
2.1.9.3.1. Two horizontal planes which are1.0mand2.2mrespectivel yabove theground;
2.1.9.3.2. Two vertical planesunder anangle of15°towards thefront andrearofthevehicle
respectivel y,andoutward ofthevehicle byreference tothelongitudinal median
plane ofthevehicle. These planes contain, respectivel y,thevertical lines of
intersection ofthevertical planes parallel tothelongitudinal median plane ofthe
vehicle representing itsoverall width, and ofthe transverse vertical planes
representing theoverall length ofthevehicle.EN 73 EN
Figure 9-1
Direct visibility towards thefront ofthelight -emitting surface ofalamp
emitting redlight
Figure 9-2
Direct visibility towards therear ofthelight -emitting surface ofalamp
emitting white light
2.1.10. The electrical connections shall besuch that front position lamps, rear position
lamps and therearregistration plate lamp can beswitched onand offonly
simultaneously .
2.1.11. Vehicles shall befitted with either:
– daytime running lamps; or
– passing -beam headlamps which areautomatically switched onwhen the
vehicle master control switch hasbeen activated.
2.1.12. Intheabsence ofspecific requirements, theelectrical connections shall besuch that
thedriving -beam headlamps, thepassing -beam headlamps andthefront foglamps
cannot beswitched onunless thelamps referred toinpoint 2.1.10. arealso switched
on.This requirement does notapply inthecase ofdriving -beam and/or passing -EN 74 ENbeam headlamps when they areused toprovide optical warning bymeans ofshort
andintermittent activation.
2.1.13. Telltales
2.1.13.1. Provisions concerning specific closed -circuit tell-tales may befulfilled bythe
appropriate functions ofanoperational tell-tale.
2.1.14. Thecolours emitted bylighting devices shall beasfollows:
Driving -beam
headlamps:white
Daytime running
lamp:white
Passing -beam
headlamp:white
Direction indicator
lamp:amber
Stop lamp: red
Front position lamp: white
Rear position lamp: red
Front foglamp: white oryellow
Rear foglamp: red
Reversing lamp: white
Hazard warning
signal:amber
Rear registration plate
lamp:white
Non-triangular side
retro -reflector (front):amber
Non-triangular side
retro -reflector (rear):amber orred
Side marker lamp
(front):amber
Side marker lamp
(rear):amber orred
Non-triangular rear redEN 75 ENretro -reflector:
2.1.14.1. Trichromatic coordinates:
Red: Limit towards yellow: y0,335
Limit towards purple: z0,008
White: Limit towards blue: x0,310
Limit towards yellow: x0,500
Limit towards green: y0,150 +0,640x
Limit towards green: y0,440
Limit towards purple: y0,050 +0,750x
Limit towards red: y0,382
Yellow: Limit towards red: y0,138 +0,580x
Limit towards green: y1,29x –0,100
Limit towards white: yx+0,940 and
y0,440
y0,440
Limit towards thespectral
value:Yx+0,992
Amber: Limit towards yellow: y0,429
Limit towards red: y0,398
Limit towards white: z0,007
Asource having acolour temperature of2856Kisused tocheck theabove limits
(International Commission onIllumination (ICI) Standard A).
2.1.14.2. Thecolour definitions inUNECE Regulation No48may betaken asanalternative
tothespecifications inpoint 2.1.14.1., inwhich case thedefinition for‘selective -
yellow’ shall betaken instead oftheabove specification for‘yellow’.
2.2. General requirements
2.2.1. Vehicles ofcategory L2eandL6eshall befitted with thefollowing lighting devices:
– passing -beam headlamp;
– front position lamp;
– direction indicators;EN 76 EN– rearposition lamp;
– stop lamp;
– rearregistration plate lamp;
– rearretro -reflector (non-triangular) ; and
– side retro -reflectors (non -triangular) .
2.2.2. Vehicles ofcategory L2e and L6emay befitted with thefollowing additional
lighting devices:
– driving -beam headlamp;
– daytime running lamp;
– front foglamp;
– hazar dwarning signal;
– rearfoglamp;
– reversing lamp; and
– sidemarker lamps.
2.2.3. Nolighting andlight-signalling devices other than those referred toinpoint s2.2.1.
and2.2.2. shall beinstalled onvehicles ofcategory L2eorL6e.
2.2.4. Vehicles ofcategory L5eandL7eshall befitted with thefollowing lighting devices:
– driving -beam headlamp;
– passing -beam headlamp;
– front position lamp;
– direction indicators;
– rearposition lamp;
– stop lamp;
– rearregistration plate lamp;
– rearretro -reflector (non-triangula r); and
– side retro -reflectors (non -triangular) .
2.2.5. Vehicles ofcategory L5e and L7emay befitted with thefollowing additional
lighting devices:
– daytime running lamp;
– front foglamp;
– hazard warning signal;
– rearfoglamp;
– reversing lamp; and
– sidemark erlamps.EN 77 EN2.2.6. Nolighting andlight-signalling devices other than those referred toinpoint s2.2.4.
and2.2.5. shall beinstalled onvehicles ofcategory L5eorL7e.
2.2.7. Only lighting and light-signalling devices which aretype-approved forvehicl e
category Lshall beinstalled onthevehicle. However, lighting andlight-signalling
devices which aretype-approved forinstallation onvehicles ofcategories M1orN1,
inaccordance with UNECE Regulation No48,may alsobeinstalled.
2.2.7.1. Vehicles ofcategories other than L2eandL6eshall notbefitted with passing -beam
headlamps ofClass A.
2.3. Specific requirements
2.3.1. Driving -beam headlamp
2.3.1.1. Number:
– oneortwo, inthecase ofvehicles with anoverall width notexceeding 1300
mm;
– two, inthecase ofvehicles with anoverall width exceeding 1300mm.
2.3.1.2. Arrangement:
– nospecific requirements.
2.3.1.3. Position:
2.3.1.3.1. Inwidth:
– asingle independent driving -beam headlamp may befitted above, below or
tooneside ofanothe rfront lamp. Ifthese lamps arestacked ontopofeach
other, thereference centre ofthedriving -beam headlamp shall belocated
within thelongitudinal median plane ofthevehicle. Ifthey areside byside,
their reference centres shall besymmetrical inrelation tothelongitudinal
median plane ofthevehicle;
– asingle independent driving -beam headlamp which isreciprocally
incorporated with another front lamp shall befitted insuch away thatits
reference centre lieswithin thelongitudinal median planeofthevehicle.
However, when thevehicle isalso fitted with another front lamp alongside
thedriving -beam headlamp, their reference centres shall besymmetrical in
relation tothelongitudinal median plane ofthevehicle;
– two driving -beam headlamps ofwhich either none, one orboth are
reciprocall yincorporated with another front lamp shall befitted insuch a
way that their reference centres are symmetrical inrelation tothe
longitudinal median plane ofthevehicle.
2.3.1.3.2. Inheight:
– nospecific requirements.
2.3.1.3.3. Inlength:
– atthefront ofthevehicle. This requirement isconsidered tohave been metifEN 78 ENthelight emitted does notdisturb thedriver either directl yorindirectl yby
means oftherear-view mirrors and/or other reflective surfaces onthe
vehicle.
2.3.1.3.4. Distance:
– inthecase ofasingle independent driving -beam headlamp, thedistance
between theedge ofthelight-emitting surface and that ofanysingle
independent passing -beam headlamp shall notexceed 200mm.
2.3.1.4. Geometric visibility :
– thevisibility ofthelight-emitting surface, including inareas which donot
appear tobeilluminated inthedirection ofobservation considered, shall be
ensured within adivergent space defined bygenerating lines based onthe
perime terofthelight-emitting surface andforming anangle ofnotlessthan
5°with thereference axisofthedriving -beam headlamp.
2.3.1.5. Orientation:
– tothefront; may move inlinewith thesteering angle ofanyhandlebars.
2.3.1.6. Electrical connectio ns:
– alldriving -beam headlamps shall light upandextinguish simultaneously ;
– alldriving -beam headlamps shall light upwhen theforward lighting mode is
switched from passing -beam todriving -beam;
– alldriving -beam headlamps shall beextinguished simultaneo usly when the
forward lighting mode isswitched from driving -beam topassing -beam;
– thepassing -beam headlamps may remain litatthesame time asthedriving -
beam headlamps.
2.3.1.7. Closed -circuit tell-tale:
– mandatory ,ifthedriving beam headlamp isfitted(non-flashing blue tell-
tale).
2.3.1.8. Other requirements:
– the combined value ofthe maximum intensity ofalldriving -beam
headlamps which canbeactivated atthesame time shall notexceed 430000
cd, which corresponds to a reference value of 100 .
2.3.2. Passing -beam headlamp
2.3.2.1. Number:
– oneortwo, inthecase ofvehicles with anoverall width notexceeding 1300
mm;
– two, inthecase ofvehicles with anoverall width exceeding 1300mm.
2.3.2.2 Arrangement:
– nospecific requirements.EN 79 EN2.3.2.3 Position:
2.3.2.3.1 Inwidth:
– asingle independent passing -beam headlamp may befitted above, below or
tooneside ofanother front lamp. Iflamps arestacked ontopofeach other,
thereference centre ofthepassing -beam headlamp shall belocated within
thelongitudinal median plane ofthevehicle. Ifthey areside byside, their
reference centres shall besymmetrical inrelation tothelongitudinal median
plane ofthevehicle;
– asingle independent passing -beam headlamp which isreciprocall y
incorporated with another front lamp shall befitted insuch away thatits
reference centre lieswithin thelongitudinal median plane ofthevehicle.
However, when thevehicle isfitted with another front lamp alongside the
passing -beam headlamp, their reference centresshall besymmetrical in
relation tothelongitudinal median plane ofthevehicle;
– two passing -beam headlamps ofwhich either none, one orboth are
reciprocall yincorporated with another front lamp shall befitted insuch a
way that their reference centresare symmetrical inrelation tothe
longitudinal median plane ofthevehicle;
– where there aretwo passing -beam headlamps, thelateral distance between
theoutward edges ofthelight-emitting surfaces andtheoutermost edges of
thevehicle shall notexceed400mm.
2.3.2.3.2. Inheight:
– aminimum of500mmandamaximum of1200mmabove theground.
2.3.2.3.3. Inlength:
– atthefront ofthevehicle. This requirement isconsidered tohave been metif
thelight emitted disturbs thedriver neither directly nor indirectl yby
reflection offtherear-view mirrors and/or other reflective surfaces onthe
vehicle.
2.3.2.3.4. Distance:
– thedistance between theedge ofthelight-emitting surface ofasingle
independent passing -beam headlamp and that ofanysingle independent
driving -beam headlamp shall notexceed 200mm.
2.3.2.4. Geometric visibility :
– =15°upwards and10°downwards;
– =45° totheleft and totheright ifthere isonly one passing -beam
headlamp;
– =45°outwards and10°inwards ifthere aretwopassing -beam headlamps.
2.3.2.5. Orientation:
– tothefront; may move inlinewith thesteering angle ofanyhandlebars.EN 80 EN2.3.2.6. Electrical connections:
– allpassing -beam headlamps shall light upandextinguish simultaneously ;
– allpassing -beam headlamps shall light upwhen theforward lighting mode is
switched from driving -beam topassing -beam ;
– allpassing -beam headlamps shall beextinguished simultaneously when the
forward lighting mode isswitched from passing -beam todriving -beam;
however, thepassing -beam headlamps may remain litatthesame time as
thedriving -beam headlamps.
2.3.2.7. Closed-circuit tell-tale:
– optional (non-flashing green tell-tale).
2.3.2.8. Other requirements:
– passing -beam headlamps ofwhich thelowest point ofthelight-emitting
surface is0.8morless above theground shall beadjusted toaninitial
aiming inclinatio nofbetween -1.0%and-1.5%.Theprecise value may be
declared bythemanufacturer;
– passing -beam headlamps ofwhich thelowest point ofthelight-emitting
surface isbetween 0.8mand1.0mabove theground shall beadjusted toan
initial aiming ofinclination between -1.0%and-2.0%.The precise value
may bedeclared bythemanufacturer;
– passing -beam headlamps ofwhich thelowest point ofthelight-emitting
surface is1.0mormore above theground shall beadjusted toaninitial
aiming inclination ofbetween -1.5%and-2.0%.Theprecise value may be
declared bythemanufacturer;
– forpassing -beam headlamps with alight source with anobjective luminous
flux notexceeding 2000lumen andaninitial inclination ofbetween -1.0%
and-1.5%,thevertica linclination shall remain between -0.5%and-2.5%
under allloading conditions. Thevertical inclination shall remain between -
1.0%and-3.0%iftheinitial inclination issetbetween -1.5%and-2.0%.
Anexternal adjusting device may beused tosatisfytherequirements,
provided that notools other than those provided with thevehicle are
needed;
– forpassing -beam headlamps with alight source with anobjective luminous
flux exceeding 2000lumen andaninitial inclination ofbetween -1.0%and
-1.5%,thevertical inclination shall remain between -0.5%and -2.5%
under allloading conditions. Thevertical inclination shall remain between -
1.0%and-3.0%iftheinitial inclination issetbetween -1.5%and-2.0%.A
headlamp levelling device may beused tosatisfy therequirements ofthis
point ,provided thatitsoperation isfully automatic andtheresponse time is
lessthan 30seconds.
2.3.2.8.1. Testing conditions:
– theinclination requirements inpoint 2.3.2.8. shall beverified asfollows:
– vehic lewith itsmass inrunning order , plus the mass of an y EN 81 ENpropulsion batteries, andamass of75kgsimulating thedriver;
– vehicle laden to its technically permissible maximum mass with the
mass distributed soastoattain themaximum axle loads asdeclared
bythemanufacturer forthisloading condition;
– vehicle with amass of75kgsimulating thedriver andadditionall y
laden soastoattain themaximum permissible rear axle load as
declared bythemanufacturer; however, thefront axle load shall beas
lowaspossible inthiscase;
– before anymeasurement ismade, thevehicle shall berocked three times and
then moved backwards and forwards foratleast acomplete wheel
revolution.
2.3.3. Front position lamp
2.3.3.1. Number:
– oneortwo, inthecase ofvehicl eswith anoverall width notexceeding 1300
mm;
– two, inthecase ofvehicles with anoverall width exceeding 1300mm.
2.3.3.2. Arrangement:
– nospecific requirements.
2.3.3.3. Position:
2.3.3.3.1. Inwidth:
– asingle independent front position lamp may befitted above, below ortoone
side ofanother front lamp. Iflamps arestacked ontopofeach other, the
reference centre ofthefront position lamp shall belocated within the
longitudinal median plane ofthevehicle. Ifthey areside byside, their
reference centres shall besymmetrical inrelation tothelongitudinal median
plane ofthevehicle;
– asingle independent front position lamp which isreciprocally incorporated
with another front lamp shall befitted sothatitsreference centre lieswithin
thelongitudinal median plane ofthevehicle. However, when thevehicle is
fitted with another front lamp alongside thefront position lamp, their
reference centres shall besymmetrical inrelation tothelongitudinal median
plane ofthevehicle;
– twofront position lamps ofwhich either none, oneorboth arereciprocally
incorporated with another front lamp shall befitted sothattheir reference
centres aresymmetrical inrelation tothelongitudinal median plane ofthe
vehicle;
– where there aretwo front position lamps, thelateral distance between the
outward edges ofthelight-emitting surfaces andtheoutermost edges ofthe
vehicle shall notexceed 400mm.
2.3.3.3.2. Inheight:EN 82 EN– aminimum of350mmandamaximum of1200mmabove theground.
2.3.3.3.3. Inlength:
– atthefront ofthevehicle.
2.3.3.4. Geometric visibility :
– =15°upwards and15°downwards; however, thedownward angle may be
reduced to5°ifthefront position lamp islocated lessthan 750mm above
theground;
– =80°totheleftandtotheright ifthere isonlyonefront position lamp;
– =80°outwards and45°inwards ifthere aretwofront position lamps.
2.3.3.5. Orientation:
– tothefront; may move inlinewith thesteering angle ofanyhandlebars.
2.3.3.6. Electrical connections:
– shall light upincompliance with point 2.1.10.
2.3.3.7. Closed -circuit tell-tale:
– mandatory (anon-flashing green tell-taleorthevehicle’s instrument cluster
illumination may beused toindicate theactivation ofthelamps as
described inpoint 2.1.10.).
2.3.4. Daytime running lamp
2.3.4.1. Number:
– oneortwo, inthecase ofvehicles with anoverall width notexceeding 1300
mm;
– two, inthecase ofvehicles with anoverall width exceeding 1300mm.
2.3.4.2. Arrangement:
– nospecific requirements.
2.3.4.3. Position:
2.3.4.3.1. Inwidth:
– asingle independent daytime runnin glamp may befitted above, below orto
oneside ofanother front lamp. Iflamps arestacked ontopofeach other,
thereference centre ofthedaytime running lamp shall belocated within the
longitudinal median plane ofthevehicle. Ifthey areside byside,their
reference centres shall besymmetrical inrelation tothelongitudinal median
plane ofthevehicle;
– asingle independent daytime running lamp which isreciprocall y
incorporated with another front lamp shall befitted sothat itsreference
centre lieswithin thelongitudinal median plane ofthevehicle. However,
when thevehicle isfitted with another front lamp alongside thedaytime
running lamp, their reference centres shall besymmetrical inrelation totheEN 83 ENlongitudinal median plane ofthevehic le;
– twodaytime running lamps ofwhich either none, oneorboth arereciprocally
incorporated with another front lamp shall befitted sothattheir reference
centres aresymmetrical inrelation tothelongitudinal median plane ofthe
vehicle;
– theinward edgesofthelight-emitting surfaces shall beatleast 500mmapart
inthecase ofvehicles with anoverall width exceeding 1300mm.
2.3.4.3.2. Inheight:
– aminimum of250mmandamaximum of1500mmabove theground.
2.3.4.3.3. Inlength:
– atthefront ofthevehicle. This requirement isconsidered tohave been metif
thelight emitted disturbs thedriver neither directly nor indirectl yby
reflection offtherear-view mirrors and/or other reflective surfaces onthe
vehicle.
2.3.4.3.4. Distance:
– ifthedistance between thefront direction indicator lamp andthedaytime
running lamp is40mm orless, theelectrical connections ofthedaytime
running lamp ontherelevant sideofthevehicle shall besuch thateither:
– itisswitched off;or
– itsluminous inten sityisreduced toalevel notexceeding 140cd;
during theentire period (both onandoffcycle)ofactivation oftherelevant
front direction indicator lamp.
2.3.4.4. Geometric visibility :
– =10°upwards and10°downwards;
– =20°totheleftandtotheright ifthere isonlyonedaytime running lamp;
– =20°outwards and20°inwards ifthere aretwodaytime running lamps.
2.3.4.5. Orientation:
– tothefront; may move inlinewith thesteering angle ofanyhandlebars.
2.3.4.6. Electrical connections:
– alldaytime running lamps shall light upwhen themaster control switch is
activated; however, they may remain offunder thefollowing conditions:
– theautomatic transmission control isinthepark position;
– theparking brake isactivated; or
– during thetimeprior tothevehicle being setinmotion forthefirst
time after each manual activation ofthemaster control switch andthe
vehicle’s propulsion system;
– daytime running lamps may bemanuall ydeactivated; however, thisshall be
possible only atavehicl espeed notexceeding 10km/h. Thelamps shall beEN 84 ENautomatically reactivated when thevehicle speed exceeds 10km/h orwhen
thevehicle hastravelled more than 100m;
– daytime running lamps shall ineach case bedeactivated automaticall ywhen:
– thevehicle isshut down bymeans ofthemaster control switch;
– thefront foglamps areactivated;
– theheadlamps areactivated, except when they areused togive
intermittent luminous warnings atshort intervals; and
– inambient lighting conditions ofless than 1000 luxwhere the
indicated speed onthevehicle’s speedometer isstill clearl ylegible
(e.g. when speedometer illumination isalway son)andthevehicle is
notfitted with anon-flashing green tell-taleincompliance with point
2.3.3.7. oradedicated green closed-circuit tell-taleforthedaytime
running lamp identified bytheappropriate symbol. Insuch acase, the
passing -beam headlamps andthelighting devices required inpoint
2.1.12. shall beautomatically activated simultaneously within 2
seconds oftheambient lighting level dropping below 1000lux.Ifthe
ambient lighting conditions subsequently reach alevel ofatleast 7
000lux,thedaytime running lamps shall beautomatically reactivated,
while thepassing -beam headlamps andthelighting devices required
inpoint 2.1.12. shall bedeactivated simultaneously within fiveto300
seconds (i.e. fully automatic light switching isrequired ifthedriver
hasnovisible indication and stimulus toactivate normal lighting
when itisdark).
2.3.4.7. Closed -circu ittell-tale:
– optional
2.3.5. Front foglamp
2.3.5.1. Number:
– oneortwo, inthecase ofvehicles with anoverall width notexceeding 1300
mm;
– two, inthecase ofvehicles with anoverall width exceeding 1300mm.
2.3.5.2. Arrangement:
– nospecific requirements.
2.3.5.3. Position:
2.3.5.3.1. Inwidth:
– asingle independent front foglamp may befitted above, below ortooneside
ofanother front lamp. Iflamps arestacked ontopofeach other, the
reference centre ofthe front fog lamp shall belocated within the
longitudinal median plane ofthevehicle. Ifthey areside byside, their
reference centres shall besymmetrical inrelation tothelongitudinal median
plane ofthevehicle;
– asingle independent front foglamp which isreciprocally incorporated withEN 85 ENanother front lamp shall befitted sothatitsreference centre lieswithin the
longitudinal median plane ofthevehicle. However, when thevehicle is
fitted with another front lamp alongside thefront foglamp, their reference
centres shall besymme trical inrelation tothelongitudinal median plane of
thevehicle;
– two front foglamps ofwhich either none, one orboth arereciprocally
incorporated with another front lamp, shall befitted sothattheir reference
centres aresymmetrical inrelation tothelongitudinal median plane ofthe
vehicle;
– where there aretwofront foglamps, thelateral distance between theoutward
edges ofthelight-emitting surfaces andtheoutermost edges ofthevehicle
shall notexceed 400mm.
2.3.5.3.2. Inheight:
– aminimu mof250mmandamaximum of800mmabove theground;
– nopartofthelight-emitting surface shall behigher than thetopofthelight-
emitting surface ofthehighest placed passing -beam headlamp.
2.3.5.3.3. Inlength:
– atthefront ofthevehicle. This requirement isconsidered tohave been metif
thelight emitted disturbs thedriver neither directly nor indirectl yby
reflection offtherear-view mirrors and/or other reflective surfaces onthe
vehicle.
2.3.5.4. Geometric visibility :
– =5°upwards and5°downwards;
– =45°totheleftandtotheright ifthere isonlyonefront foglamp;
– =45°outwards and10°inwards ifthere aretwofront foglamps.
2.3.5.5. Orientation:
– tothefront; may move inlinewith thesteering angle ofanyhandlebars.
2.3.5.6. Electrical connections:
– allfront foglamps shall light upandextinguish simultaneously ;
– itshall bepossible toswitch thefront foglamp onandoffindependentl yof
the driving -beam headlamp, the passing -beam headlamp orany
combination ofthese headlamps.
2.3.5.7. Closed -circuit tell-tale:
– mandatory  (non-flashing green tell-tale).
2.3.6. Direction indicator lamps
2.3.6.1. Number:
– four;EN 86 EN– six, iftwo side direction indicator lamps arefitted additionall yand in
compliance with allrelevant requirements ofUNECE Regulation No48as
prescribed forvehicle category M1.
2.3.6.2. Arrangement:
– twofront direction indicator lamps ofcategories 11, 1, 1a or1bandtworear
direction indicator lamps ofcategories 12, 2a or2b(i.e. twoindicators on
each side);
– two side direction indicator lamps ofcategories 5or6(i.e. oneadditional
side direction indicator oneach side) may befitted inaddition tothe
mandatory direction indicator lamps, provided thattheir installation meets
allrelevant requirements ofUNECE Regulation No48asprescribed for
vehicle category M1.
2.3.6.3. Position:
2.3.6.3.1. Inwidth:
thelateral distance between theoutward edges ofthelight-emitting surfaces andthe
outermost edges ofthevehicle shall notexceed 400mm;
theinward edges ofthelight-emitting surfaces ofthefront direction indicators shall
beatleast 240mmapart inthecase ofvehicles with asingle front wheel orin
case thevehicle width does notexceed 1000 mm;
theinward edges ofthelight-emitting surfaces ofthefront direction indicators shall
beatleast 500mmapart inthecase ofvehicles with more than onefront wheel
andwith avehicle width exceeding 1000 mm;
theinward edges ofthelight-emitting surfaces oftherear direction indicators shall
beatleast 180mm apart inthecase ofvehicles with asingle rearwheel orin
case thevehicle width does notexceed 1000 mm;
theinward edges ofthelight-emitting surfaces oftherear direction indicators shall
beatleast 500mmapart inthecase ofvehicles with more than onerearwheel
andwith avehicle width exceeding 1000 mm;
there shall beaminimum distance between thelight-emitting surface ofafront
direction indicator lamp andthenearest passing -beam headlamps of:
–75mminthecase ofaminimum indicator intensity of90cd;
–40mminthecase ofaminimum indicator intensity of175cd;
–20mminthecase ofaminimum indicator intensity of250cd;
–20mminthecase ofaminimum indicator intensity of400cd.
2.3.6.3.2. Inheight:
– aminimum of500mmandamaximum of1500mmabove theground.
2.3.6.3.3. Inlength:
– nospecific requirements.
2.3.6.4. Geometric visibility :EN 87 EN– =15°upwards and15°downwards; however, thedownward angle may be
reduced to5°ifthedirection indicator lamps arelocated lessthan 750mm
above theground;
– =80°outwards and45°inwards (seeFigure 9-3)
Figure 9-3
Geometric visibility oftheright -hand side front andrear direction indicators
2.3.6.5. Orientation:
– tothefront; may move inlinewith thesteering angle ofanyhandlebars, as
well astotherear.
2.3.6.6. Electrical connections:
– direction indicator lamps shall switch onindependently oftheother lamps.
Alldirection indicator lamps ononeside ofavehicle shall beswitched on
andoffbymeans ofonecontrol.
2.3.6.7. Operational tell-tale:
– mandatory ,thismay beoptical, auditory orboth;
– ifitisoptical, thetell-taleshall begreen andoftheflashing type,which in
theevent ofdefective operation ofanysingle front orrear direction
indicator lamp shall beextinguished, remain alight without flashing orshow
amarked change offrequency ;
– ifitisentirely auditory ,itshall beclearl yaudible anddisplay equivalent
operating conditions astheoptical tell-tale.
2.3.6.8. Other requirements:
– thefollowing characteristics shall bechecked with noload ontheelectrical
system other than that needed fortheoperation oftheengine (ifany),
follow ingtheactivation ofthemaster control switch andtheactivation of
lighting devices which areswitched onasaresult ofit.
2.3.6.8.1. Characteristics:
– thelight flashing frequency shall be90±30times perminute;
– thedirection indicator lamps onthesame side ofthevehicle shall flash atthe
same frequency ,inphase and may occur either synchronousl yorEN 88 ENalternatel y;
– thefirst flash ofthelamps shall start within onesecond andendwithin one-
and-a-halfseconds ofthecontrol being actuated;
– intheevent ofamalfunction, other than ashort circuit, ofafront orrear
direction indicator lamp theother lamp(s) indicating thesame direction
shall remain litorcontinue toflash; however, insuch acase theflashing
frequency does nothave tocorrespo ndtotheprescribed value inthispoint .
2.3.7. Hazard warning signal
2.3.7.1. Number:
– inaccordance with therequirements ofpoint 2.3.6.1.
2.3.7.2. Arrangement:
– inaccordance with therequirements ofpoint 2.3.6.2.
2.3.7.3. Position:
2.3.7.3.1. Inwidth:
– inaccordance with therequirements ofpoint 2.3.6.3.1.
2.3.7.3.2. Inheight:
– inaccordance with therequirements ofpoint 2.3.6.3.2.
2.3.7.3.3. Inlength:
– inaccordance with therequirements ofpoint 2.3.6.3.3.
2.3.7.4. Geometric visibility :
– inaccordance with therequirements ofpoint 2.3.6.4.
2.3.7.5. Orientation:
– inaccordance with therequirements ofpoint 2.3.6.5.
2.3.7.6. Electrical connections:
– thehazard warning signal shall beactivated bymeans ofaseparate control
and shall begiven bysimultaneous operation ofalldirection indicator
lamps. Itshall be possible for the hazard warning signal to operate even 
when the master control switch has been deactivated and the vehicle’s on -
board electronics s ystem is switched off.
2.3.7.7. Closed-circuit tell-tale:
– mandatory ,ifthehazard warning signal isprovided (flashing redtell-tale);
– iftwoseparate green tell-tales have been provided fortheleft-hand side and
right -hand side direction indicators, these tell-tales may flash
simultaneou slyinstead ofthesingle redtell-tale.EN 89 EN2.3.7.8. Other requirements:
– therequirements ofpoint 2.3.6.8. shall apply .
2.3.7.8.1. Characteristics:
– thelight flashing frequency shall be90±30times perminute;
– alldirection indicator lamps shall flash atthesame frequency andinphase.
Those onopposite sides ofthevehicle shall flash synchronously while those
onthesame sideofthevehicle may flash alternately ;
– thefirst flash shall start within onesecond andendwithin one-and-a-half
seconds ofthecontrol being actuated;
– thehazard warning signal may beautomaticall yactivated byvehicle systems
such astheemergency braking signal orafter acollision, andsubsequently
manually deactivated.
2.3.8. Rear position lamp
2.3.8.1. Number:
– oneortwo, inthecase ofvehicles with anoverall width notexceeding 1300
mm;
– two, inthecase ofvehicles with anoverall width exceeding 1300mm.
2.3.8.2. Arrangement:
– nospecific requirements.
2.3.8.3. Position:
2.3.8.3.1. Inwidth:
– asingle rear position lamp shall beinstalled onthevehicle sothat the
reference centre oftherear position lamp shall belocated within the
longitudinal median plane ofthevehicle;
– tworearposition lamps shall beinstalled onthevehicle sothatthereference
centres oftherear position lamps aresymmetrical inrelation tothe
longitudinal median plane ofthevehicle;
– inthecase ofvehicles with tworearwheels andanoverall width exceeding 1
300 mm, thelateral distance between theoutward edges ofthelight-
emitting surfaces andtheoutermost edges ofthevehicle shall notexceed
400mm.
2.3.8.3.2. Inheight:
– aminimum of250mmandamaximum of1500mmabove theground.
2.3.8.3.3. Inlength:
– attherearofthevehicle.
2.3.8.4. Geometric visibility :EN 90 EN– =15°upward sand15°downwards, however, thedownward angle may be
reduced to5°iftherear position lamp islocated lessthan 750mm above
theground;
– =80°totheleftandtotheright ifthere isonlyonerearposition lamp;
– =80°outwards and45°inwards ifthere aretworearposition lamps.
2.3.8.5. Orientation:
– totherear.
2.3.8.6. Electrical connections:
– shall light upincompliance with point 2.1.10.
2.3.8.7. Closed -circuit tell-tale:
– inaccordance with therequirements ofpoint 2.3.3.7.
2.3.9. Stop lamp
2.3.9.1. Number:
– oneortwo, inthecase ofvehicles with anoverall width notexceeding 1300
mm;
– two, inthecase ofvehicles with anoverall width exceeding 1300mm;
– anadditional stop lamp ofcategory S3orS4(i.e.central high mounted stop
lamp)may befitted, provided that allrelevant requirements ofUNECE
Regulation No48apply ingtotheinstallation ofsuch stop lamps on
vehicles ofcategory M1aremet.
2.3.9.2. Arrangement:
– nospecific requirements.
2.3.9.3. Position:
2.3.9.3.1. Inwidth:
– asingle stop lamp shall beinstalled onthevehicle sothat thereference
centre ofthestop lamp islocated within thelongitudinal median plane of
thevehicle;
– twostop lamps shall beinstalled onthevehicle sothatthereference centres
ofthestop lamps aresymmetrical inrelation tothelongitudinal median
plane ofthevehicle;
– theinward edges ofthelight-emitting surfaces shall beatleast 600mmapart
inthecase ofvehicles with tworearwheels andanoverall width exceeding
1300mm;
– theinwardedges ofthelight-emitting surfaces shall beatleast 400mmapart
inthecase ofvehicles with tworearwheels, anoverall width notexceeding
1300mmandtwostop lamps.
2.3.9.3.2. Inheight:EN 91 EN– aminimum of250mmandamaximum of1500mmabove theground.
2.3.9.3.3. Inlength:
– attherearofthevehicle.
2.3.9.4. Geometric visibility :
– =15°upwards and15°downwards; however, thedownward angle may be
reduced to5°ifthestop lamp islocated less than 750 mm above the
ground;
– =45°totheleftandtotheright ifthere isonlyonestop lamp;
– =45°outwards and10°inwards ifthere aretwostop lamps.
2.3.9.5. Orientation:
– totherear.
2.3.9.6. Electrical connections:
– shall light upatanyservice brake application.
2.3.9.7. Closed -circui ttell-tale:
– prohibited.
2.3.9.8. Other requirements:
– vehicles may befitted with anemergency stop signal asdefined inpoint 2.28
ofUNECE Regulation No48,provided that allrelevant requirements of
thatRegulation applyingtosuch signals aremetandthesignal isactivated
and deactivated during conditions and/or decelerations asprescribed for
vehicles ofcategory M1;
– vehicles may befitted with arear-end collision alert signal (RECAS) as
defined inpoint 2.33 ofUNECE Regulation No48,provided thatall
relevant requirements ofthatRegulation applyingtoRECAS aremet.
2.3.10. Rear foglamp
2.3.10.1. Number:
– oneortwo.
2.3.10.2. Arrangement:
– nospecific requirements.
2.3.10.3. Position:
2.3.10.3.1. Inwidth:
– inthecase ofvehicles intended andequipped forright -hand traffic, asingle
rear foglamp shall befitted sothat itsreference centre lieswithin the
longitudinal median plane ofthevehicle ortotheleftsidethereof;
– inthecase ofvehicles intended andequipped forleft-hand traffi c,asingleEN 92 ENrear foglamp shall befitted sothat itsreference centre lieswithin the
longitudinal median plane ofthevehicle ortotheright sidethereof;
– inthecase ofvehicles intended andequipped forboth left-hand andright -
hand traffic, asingle rearfoglamp shall befitted sothatitsreference centre
lieswithin thelongitudinal median plane ofthevehicle;
– inthecase ofvehicles intended andequipped forleft-hand and/or right -hand
traffic, two rear foglamps shall beinstalled onthevehicle sothat the
reference centres oftherear foglamps aresymmetrical inrelation tothe
longitudinal median plane ofthevehicle.
2.3.10.3.2. Inheight:
– aminimum of250 mm andamaximum of1000 mm above theground;
however, thelatter value may beraise dto1200mmiftherearfoglamp is
grouped with another lighting device.
2.3.10.3.3. Inlength:
– attherearofthevehicle.
2.3.10.3.4. Distance:
– thedistance between theedge ofthelight-emitting surface oftherear fog
lamp andthatofanystop lampshall exceed 100mm.
2.3.10.4. Geometric visibility :
– =5°upwards and5°downwards;
– =25°totheleftandtotheright.
2.3.10.5. Orientation:
– totherear.
2.3.10.6. Electrical connections:
– allrearfoglamps shall light upandextinguish simultan eously ;
– itshall bepossible toactivate therearfoglamp only when thedriving -beam
headlamp, thepassing -beam headlamp orthefront foglamp isactivated;
– itshall bepossible toswitch offtherearfoglamp independentl yofanyother
lamp;
– therearfoglamp shall beautomatically deactivated when:
– thefront position lamp isswitched off;and
– thevehicle isshut down bymeans ofthemaster control switch.
– once therear foglamp hasbeen switched offordeactivated, itshall notbe
automatically orindepe ndently reactivated unless thecontrol forswitching
itonhasbeen manuall yoperated.
2.3.10.7. Closed -circuit tell-tale:
– mandatory (non-flashing yellow tell-tale).EN 93 EN2.3.11. Reversing lamp
2.3.11.1. Number:
– oneortwo.
2.3.11.2. Arrangement:
– nospecifi crequirements.
2.3.11.3. Position:
2.3.11.3.1. Inwidth:
– ifthere isasingle reversing lamp: nospecific requirements;
– ifthere aretworeversing lamps, these shall beinstalled onthevehicle sothat
thereference centres ofthereversing lamps aresymmetrical inrelation to
itslongitudinal median plane.
2.3.11.3.2. Inheight:
– aminimum of250mmandamaximum of1200mmabove theground.
2.3.11.3.3. Inlength:
– attherearofthevehicle.
2.3.11.4. Geometric visibility :
– =15°upwards and5°down wards;
– =45°totheleftandtotheright ifthere isonlyonereversing lamp;
– =45°outwards and30°inwards ifthere aretworeversing lamps.
2.3.11.5. Orientation:
– totherear.
2.3.11.6. Electrical connections:
– thereversing lamp shall emit light when thereversing device isengaged and
themaster control switch hasbeen activated;
– the reversing lamp shall not emit any light unless both conditions mentioned 
above satisfied .
2.3.11.7. Closed -circuit tell-tale:
– optional.
2.3.11.8. Other requirement s:
– intheabsence ofprescriptions forreversing lamp lighting devices which can
betype-approved forvehicles ofcategory L,thereversing lamp shall be
type-approved according toUNECE Regulation No23.
2.3.12. Rear registration plate lampEN 94 EN2.3.12.1. Number:
– oneormore.
2.3.12.2. Arrangement andposition:
– such thattherearregistration lamp illuminates theintended space fortherear
registration plate.
2.3.12.3. Electrical connections:
– shall light upincompliance with point 2.1.10.
2.3.12.4. Close d-circuit tell-tale:
– therequirements ofpoint 2.3.3.7. shall apply .
2.3.13. Rear retro -reflector (non-triangular)
2.3.13.1. Number:
– oneortwo;
– twointhecase ofvehicles with anoverall width exceeding 1000mm;
– additional rear retro -reflecting device sandmaterials arepermitted provided
that they donotimpair theeffectiveness ofthemandatory lighting and
light-signalling devices.
2.3.13.2. Arrangement:
– oneortworearretro -reflectors ofClass IAorIB.
2.3.13.3. Position:
2.3.13.3.1. Inwidth:
– ifthere isasingle rearretro -reflector, thisshall beinstalled onthevehicle so
that thereference centre oftherear retro -reflector islocated within its
longitudinal median plane;
– ifthere aretworearretro -reflectors, these shall beinstalled onthevehicle so
that thereference centres oftherear retro -reflectors aresymmetrical in
relation toitslongitudinal median plane;
– ifthere aretworearretro -reflectors, thelateral distance between theoutward
edges ofthelight-emitting surfaces andtheoutermost edges ofthevehicle
shall notexceed 400mm.
2.3.13.3.2. Inheight:
– aminimum of250mmandamaximum of900mmabove theground.
2.3.13.3.3. Inlength:
– attherearofthevehicle.
2.3.13.4. Geometric visibility :EN 95 EN– =10°upwards and10°downwards; however, thedownward angle may be
reduced to5°iftherear retro -reflector islocated lessthan 750mm above
theground;
– =30°totheleftandtotheright ifthere isonlyonerearretro -reflector;
– =30°outwards and30°inwards ifthere aretworearretro -reflectors.
2.3.13.5. Orientation:
– totherear.
2.3.13.6. Other requirements:
– thelight-emitting surface ofaretro -reflector may have parts incommon with
anyother redlamp installed attherearofthevehicle .
2.3.14. sideretro -reflectors (non-triangular)
2.3.14.1. Number:
– oneortwooneach side.
2.3.14.2. Arrangement:
– aside retro -reflector ofClass IAorIBshall befitted within thefirst third
and/or thelastthird ofthevehicle’s overall length;
– additional side retro -reflective devices andmaterials arepermitted, provided
that they donotimpair theeffectiveness ofthemandatory lighting and
light-signalling devices.
2.3.14.3. Position:
2.3.14.3.1. Inwidth:
– nospecific requirements.
2.3.14.3.2. Inheight:
– aminimum of250 mm and amaximum of900 mm above theground;
however, thelatter value may beraised to1200 mm iftheside retro -
reflector isgrouped with another lighting device.
2.3.14.3.3. Inlength:
– nospecific requirements.
2.3.14.4. Geometric visibility :
– =10°upwards and10°downwards; however, thedownward angle may be
reduced to5°iftheside retro -reflector islocated lessthan 750mm above
theground;
– =45°tothefront andtotherear.
2.3.14.5. Orientation:
– totheside.EN 96 EN2.3.15. Side marker lamp
2.3.15.1. Number:
– oneortwooneach side.
2.3.15.2. Arrangement:
– aside marker lamp ofClass SM1 orSM2 may befitted within thefirst third
and/or thelastthird ofthevehicle’s overall length.
2.3.15.3. Position:
2.3.15.3.1 . Inwidth:
– nospecific requirements.
2.3.15.3.2. Inheight:
– aminimum of250mmandamaximum of1500mmabove theground.
2.3.15.3.3. Inlength:
– nospecific requirements.
2.3.15.4. Geometric visibility :
– =10°upwards and10°downwards; however, thedownward angle may be
reduced to5°iftheside retro -reflector islocated lessthan 750mm above
theground;
– =30°tothefront andtotherear.
2.3.15.5. Orientation:
– totheside.
2.3.15.6. Electrical connections:
– shall light uptogether with thelighting devices referred toinpoint 2.1.10.;
– may besuch thattheside marker lamps flash atthesame frequency ,inphase
andeither synchronously oralternately with thedirection indicator lamps
installed onthesame sideofthevehicle.
2.3.15.7. Closed -circuit tell-tale:
– inaccordance with therequirements ofpoint 2.3.3.7.
2.3.15.8. Other requirements:
– intheabsence ofprescriptions forside marker lamp lighting devices which
can betype-approved forvehicles ofcategory L,thelamps shall be
type-approved according toUNECE Regulation No91.
2.4. Asanalternative totherequirements inpoint s2.to2.3.15. 8.,vehicles ofcategory
L2e, L5e,L6e and L7emay compl ywith allrelevant requirements ofUNECE
Regulation No48asprescribed forvehicle category M1. Inthis case, specificEN 97 ENrequirements ofUNECE Regulation No48shall notbesubstituted orwaived onthe
basis ofdifferences in,oranabsence of,specific provisions inthis Annex (e.g.
installation ofheadlamp cleaning devices, manual headlamp levelling device).
2.5. Bearing in mind the variety of forms of construction of category  L2e, L5e, L6e and 
L7evehicles , the vehicle manufacturer may  in agreement with the technical service 
and approval autho rity choose to apply all relevant requirements of UNECE 
Regulation No 53, as prescribed for vehicles of category L3e, as an alternative to the 
requirements as laid down in point s 2. to 2.3.15.8. I n this case, specific requirements 
of UNECE Regulation No 53 shall not be substituted or waived on the basis of 
differences in, or an absence of, specific provisions in this Annex and it shall be 
accepted only  in case of vehicles with a noverall width not exceeding 1 300 mm
which tend to lean while cornering (e.g. for a t ype of vehicle which has the overall 
appearance of a motorcycle, but which is equipped with three wheels classify ing it 
as an L5e category vehicle).
3. Requirements concerning vehicles of category L4e.
3.1. If the side -car can be detached from the motorcycle so that the motorcy cle can be 
used without it, the motorcy cle shall fulfil the requirements for solo motorcy cles in 
point 1.3. in addition to those in point s 3.2. to 3.2. 8.1. below. The requirements of 
point 1.9. may also be taken into account.
3.1.1. In this case, it shall be possible to electrically disconnect the direction indicator 
lamps mounted on the motorcycle and placed between the motorcycle and the side -
car.
3.2. When the side -car is connected to the motorcycle, either permanently or in a 
detachable way , the motorcy cle with side -car shall fulfil all the relevant 
requirements of UNECE Regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e 
and the additional provisions below.
3.2.1. Front position lamps
3.2.1.1. Number:
– two or three;
– the side -car shall be equipped with one front position lamp;
– the motorcy cle shall be equipped with one front position lamp; however, it 
maybe equipped with two front position lamps, provided that these are 
fitted in accordance with the relevant provision s of UNECE Regulation No 
53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e (solo motorcycle).
3.2.1.2. Position:
– the position shall be as specified in UNECE Regulation No 53 for vehicle 
category L3e, except as follows:
3.2.1.2.1. In width:
– the lateral distance b etween the outward edges of the light -emitting surfaces 
and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm (this limit 
value does not apply to a second front position lamp fitted to the EN 98 ENmotorcy cle).
3.2.1.3. Geometric visibility :
– the front pos ition lamps on the side -car and motorcy cle may be considered as 
a pair.
3.2.1.4. Inall remaining respects, front position lamps shall comply with the requirements of 
UNECE Regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e.
3.2.2. Daytime running l amps
3.2.2.1. Number:
– two or three;
– the side -car may be equipped with one day time running lamp;
– the motorcy cle may be equipped with one day time running lamp; however, it 
maybe equipped with two daytime running lamps, provided that these are 
fitted in acc ordance with the relevant provisions of UNECE Regulation No 
53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e (solo motorcycle).
3.2.2.2. Position:
– the position shall be as specified in UNECE Regulation No 53 for vehicle 
category L3e, except as follows:
3.2.2.2.1. In width:
– the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light -emitting surfaces 
and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm (this limit 
value does not appl y to a second day time running lamp fitted to the 
motorcy cle).
3.2.2.3. Geometric visibility :
– the day time running lamps on the side -car and motorcy cle may be considered 
as a pair.
3.2.2.4. In all remaining respects, daytime running lamps shall comply with the requirements 
of UNECE Regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle c ategory L3e.
3.2.3. Direction indicator lamps
3.2.3.1. Position:
the position shall be as specified in UNECE Regulation No 53 for vehicle category 
L3e, except as follows:
3.2.3.1.1. In width (concerning all electrically connected direction indicator lam ps):
the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light -emitting surfaces and the 
outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm;
the inward edges of the light -emitting surfaces shall be at least 600 mm apart;
there shall be a minimum dist ance between the light -emitting surface of a front EN 99 ENdirection indicator lamp and the nearest passing -beam headlamps of:
–75 mm in the case of a minimum indicator intensity of 90 cd;
–40 mm in the case of a minimum indicator intensity of 175 cd;
–20 mm in the c ase of a minimum indicator intensity of 250 cd;
– 20 mm in the case of a minimum indicator intensity of 400 cd;
– both front direction indicator lamps shall have a comparable 
level of photometric performance, as shall both rear direction 
indicator lamps.
3.2.3.1.2. In length (this point applies only to the side of the side -car):
the front direction indicator lamp shall be located on the front half of the side -car 
and the rear direction indicator lamp shall be located on the rear half.
3.2.3.2. Geometric vis ibility :
– the horizontal angles are clarified as follows: see Figure 9 -4
Figure 9 -4
Direction indicator lamp arrangement
3.2.3.3. In all remaining respects, direction indicator lamps shall comply with the 
requirements of UNECE Regulation No 53 as presc ribed for vehicle category L3e.
3.2.4. Hazard warning signalEN 100 EN3.2.4.1. The hazard warning signal shall be given b y simultaneous operation of all direction 
indicator lamps, as referred to in point s 3.1. to 3.2. and 3.2. 3. to 3.2. 3.3.
3.2.5. Rear position lamps
3.2.5.1. Number:
– two or three;
– the side -car shall be equipped with one rear position lamp;
– the motorcy cle shall be equipped with one rear position lamp; however, it 
maybe equipped with two rear position lamps provided that these are fitted 
in accor dance with the relevant provisions of UNECE Regulation No 53 as 
prescribed for vehicle category L3e (solo motorcycle).
3.2.5.2. Position:
– the position shall be as specified in UNECE Regulation No 53 as prescribed 
for vehicle category L3e, except as follow s:
3.2.5.2.1. In width:
– the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light -emitting surfaces 
and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm (this limit 
value does not apply to a second rear position lamp fitted to the 
motorcy cle).
3.2.5.3. Geometric visibility :
– the rear position lamps on the side -car and motorcy cle may be considered as 
a pair.
3.2.5.4. In all remaining respects, rear position lamps shall comply with the requirements of 
UNECE Regulation No 53 as prescribed for veh icle category L3e.
3.2.6. Stop lamps
3.2.6.1. Number:
– two or three;
– the side -car shall be equipped with one stop lamp;
– the motorcy cle shall be equipped with one stop lamp; however, it may be 
equipped with two stop lamps provided that these are fitted in accordance 
with the relevant provisions of UNECE Regulation No 53 as prescribed for 
vehicle category L3e (solo motorcy cle).
3.2.6.2. Position:
– the position shall be as specified in UNECE Regulation No 53 for vehicle 
category L3e, except as follows:
3.2.6.2.1. In width:
– the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light -emitting surfaces 
and the outermost edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm (this limit EN 101 ENvalue does not appl y to a second stop lamp fitted to the motorcycle).
3.2.6.3. Geometr ic visibility :
– the stop lamps on the side -car and motorcy cle may be considered as a pair.
3.2.6.4. In all remaining respects, stop lamps shall comply with the requirements of UNECE 
Regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e.
3.2.7. Rear retr o-reflector (non -triangular)
3.2.7.1. Number:
– two or three;
– the side -car shall be equipped with one rear retro -reflector;
– the motorcy cle shall be equipped with one rear retro -reflector, or two, 
provided that these are fitted in accordance with the relevan t provisions of 
UNECE Regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e (solo 
motorcy cle);
– additional rear retro -reflecting devices and materials are permitted provided 
that they do not impair the effectiveness of the mandatory lighting and 
light-signalling devices.
3.2.7.2. Position:
– the position shall be as specified in UNECE Regulation No 53 for vehicle 
category L3e, except as follows:
3.2.7.2.1. In width:
– the lateral distance between the outward edges of the light -emitting surfaces 
and the outer most edges of the vehicle shall not exceed 400 mm (this limit 
value does not apply to a second rear retro -reflector fitted to the motorcy cle 
or an y additional rear retro -reflecting devices and materials fitted to the 
vehicle).
3.2.7.3. Geometric visibilit y:
– the rear retro -reflectors on the side -car and motorcycle may be considered as 
a pair.
3.2.7.4. In all remaining respects, rear retro -reflectors shall comply with the requirements of 
UNECE Regulation No 53 as prescribed for vehicle category L3e.
3.2.8. Visibility of a red light towards the rear and a white light towards the front.
3.2.8.1. Zone 1 and Zone 2, as referred to in UNECE Regulation No 53, are applied as 
follows: see Figures 9 -5 and 9 -6EN 102 EN
Figure 9 -5
Direct visibility towards the front of th e light -emitting surface of a lamp 
emitting red light
Figure 9 -6
Direct visibility towards the rear of the light -emitting surface of a lamp 
emitting white lightEN 103 ENANNEX X
Requirements regarding rearward visibility
1. Vehicles ofcategories L1e-B,L3eandL4eshall meet alltherelevant requirements
ofUNECE Regulation No81.
1.1. Vehicles ofcategories L1e-B,L3eandL4emay befitted with Class IIorIIIdevices
forindirect vision which aretype-approved according toUNECE Regulation No46.
2. Vehic lesofcategories L2e,L5e, L6eand L7e shall meet allthe relevant
requirements ofUNECE Regulation sNos81or46.
2.1. Vehicles ofcategories L2e, L5e,L6eandL7emeeting therelevant requirements of
UNECE Regulation No81may befitted with Class IIorIIIdevices forindirect
vision which aretype-approved according toUNECE Regulation No46.
2.2. Vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e may optionall y be fitted with an 
additional Class I device.EN 104 ENANNEX XI
Requirements applying toroll-over protective structure (ROPS)
1. Requirements for the approval of a t ype of vehicle with regard to roll -over protective 
structure
1.1. Vehicles ofcategory L7e-B2shall beequipped with aroll-over protection structure
(ROPS) andsodesigned andconstructed astofulfil theessential purpose laiddown in
thisAnnex. This condition isconsidered tobefulfilled iftheprescriptions inpoint s2.to
4.9. arecomplied with,ifnopart ofthezone ofclearance hasbeen entered bythe
protection structure, andifnopartofthezone ofclearance hasbeen exposed outside the
boundaries oftheprotection structure atanytime during thethree tests.
2. Testing provisions
2.1. General testing provisions
2.1.1. Tests conducted using special rigs areintended tosimulate theloads imposed ona
protection structure when thevehicle overturns. These testloads therefore concern push
forces. The tests asdescribed inthis Annex enable observations tobemade onthe
strength oftheprotection structure andanybrackets attach ingittothevehicle andany
parts ofthevehicle which transmit thetestforce.
2.2. Preparation ofthetest
2.2.1. The protection structure submitted fortype-approval shall conform totheseries
production specifications. Itshall beattached tothevehicle forwhich itisdesigned in
accordance with themanufacturer’s declared method. Acomplete vehicle isnot
required forthetest;however, theprotection structure andparts ofthevehicle towhich
itisattached forthetests shall represent anoperating installation, hereinafter referred to
as‘theassembl y’.
2.2.2. The assembly shall besecured tothebedplate sothat themembers connecting the
assembly and thebedplate donotdeflect significantly inrelation totheprotection
structure under loading. Themethod ofattachment oftheassembly tothebedplate shall
notofitself affect thestrength oftheassembl y.
2.2.3. The assembl yshall besupported andsecured ormodified sothatallthetestenergy is
absorbed bytheprotection structure anditsattachment totherigid components ofthe
vehicle.
2.2.3.1. Tocomply with therequirements ofpoint 2.2.3. ,themodification shall lock anyvehicle
wheel andaxle suspension system soastoensure thatitdoes notabsorb anyofthetest
energy .
2.2.4. Forthetests,thevehicle shall befitted with allstructural components oftheseries
production which may influence thestrength oftheprotection structure orwhich may
benecessary forthestrength test. Components which may create ahazard inthezone of
clearance shall also befitted sothat they may beexamined forcompliance with the
requirements ofpoint 1.1.
2.2.4.1. Allcomponents thatthevehicle operator canremove shall beremoved forthetests. IfitEN 105 ENispossible tokeep doors andwindow sopen ortoremove them completely when the
vehicle isinuse, they shall bekept open orremoved during thetests, soasnotto
increase thestrength oftheroll-over protection structure.
3. Apparatus andequipment
3.1. Vertical loading tests (transve rseandlongitudinal)
3.1.1. Material, equipment andtie-down provisions shall bearranged soastoensure thatthe
assembly isfirmly fixed tothebedplate, independently ofwheels andaxles ifpresent
(i.e. themounting shall override anywheel oraxle suspension). SeeFigure s11-1and
11-2.
Universal pin 
joints
Universal pin 
jointsHydraulic 
cylinder
Figure 11-1EN 106 EN
Universal pin 
joints
Universal pin 
jointsHydraulic 
cylinder
Blocked suspension
Figure 11-2
3.1.2. The vertical forces ontheprotection structure shall beapplied inturn through a
transverse orientation stiff beam andalongitudinal orientation stiff beam onseparate
untes tedassemblies. Thebeam’s vertical longitudinal median plane, asconsidered inthe
transverse direction inrelation tothevehicle, shall beplaced 300mm forward ofthe
driver ’sseat R-point forthetransverse test. The beam’s vertical longitudinal media n
plane, asconsidered inthelongitudinal direction inrelation tothevehicle, shall be
placed inward ofthevertical longitudinal plane touching thewidest point ofthetop
third oftheprotective structure atadistance equal toonesixth oftheoveral lwidth of
thetopthird. Theleftorright side oftheprotective structure ofvehicle forthetestshall
beselected inaccordance with point 4.3.andthetechnical service shall provide clear
justification forthejudgment criteria inthetestreport.
3.1.2.1. Thebeam shall besufficiently stiff,have abottom vertical face width of150±10mm
and belong enough tocover theentire protective structure, even when thelatter is
flexing under load.
3.1.2.2. Provision shall bemade sothat theload canbeuniformly distributed normal tothe
direction ofloading.
3.1.2.3. The edges ofthebeam incontact with theprotection structure may have aradius of
curvature ofupto25mm.
3.1.2.4. Universal joints ortheequivalent shall beincorporated toensur ethattheloading device
does notconstrain thestructure inrotation ortranslation inanydirection other than the
direction ofloading.
3.1.2.5. Where thehorizontal length oftheprotection structure towhich theload istobeapplied
does notconsti tuteastraight linenormal tothedirection ofapplication oftheload, the
space shall bepacked orotherwise filled soastodistribute theload horizontally over
thislength.EN 107 EN3.1.3. Equipment shall beprovided formeasuring theenergy absorbed bytheprotection
structure and therigid parts ofthevehicle towhich itisattached, forexample by
measuring the force applied along itsvertical direction ofapplication and the
corresponding vertical deflection ofthebeam relative tothehorizontal plane passing
through theR-point ofthedriver’s seating position.
3.1.4. Visual means shall beprovided toassess anyintrusion orexposure ofthezone of
clearance during theforce application.
4. Test provisions
4.1. If,during thetest,any part ofthetestsetup fixing and restraining equipment shifts
significantl y,thetestshall beinvalidated.
4.2. The protection structure tobetested need notbefitted with front, side orrear safet y
glazing oranydetachable panels, fittings andaccessories which havenofunction of
structural strength andwhich cannot create ahazard intheevent ofoverturning.
4.3. Where thedriver’s seat isnotonthemedian longitudinal plane ofthevehicle and/or
where thestrength ofthestructure isnon-symmetrical ,thevertical longitudinal loading
shall beontheside most likely tolead toinfringement orexposure ofthezone of
clearance during thetest.
4.4. Theprotection structure shall carry thenecessary equipment toobtain thedata required
todraw theforce -defle ction diagram.
4.5. The rateofdeflection under loading bythevertical force shall notexceed 5mm/s. As
theload isapplied, thevalues Fv(N)(i.e.static load force exerted bythebeam) andDv
(mm) (i.e. vertical deflection ofthebeam atthepoint of,andinline with,theload
application) shall berecorded simultaneousl yatdeflection increments of15mmorless
toensure sufficient accuracy .Once theinitial application hascommenced, theload shall
notbereduced until thetesthasbeen completed ;however, load increases may be
suspended ,forexample torecord measurements.
4.6. Ifnostructural cross -member exists atthepoint ofapplication, asubstitute testbeam
which does notaddstrength tothestructure may beused forthetestprocedure.
4.7. The energy (J)absorbed bythestructure ineach vertical loading testshall beatleast
equal toEv=1.4xmtest,(where mtest(kg) equals thevehicle mass inrunning order plus
themass ofany propulsion batteries) andtheminimum energy level tobeachieved is
calculated asfollows: Ev=FvxDv/1000. Fvshall notexceed 2xmtestxg,even ifthe
minimum energy level tobeachieved isnotreached.
4.8. The longitudinal vertical loading condition shall berepeated taking into account a
simultaneo usly applied horizontal force component. First,astatic horizontal transverse
load equal toFh=0.5xmtestxg(where gequals 9.81 m.s-2)shall beapplied onto the
widest point asdescribed inpoint 3.1.2. andontheside selected inaccordance with
point4.3. Then, the longitudinal vertical loading shall beapplied atthesame
coordinates ofthetestperformed without thehorizontal transverse load, equal to0.5x
Fv(max) (where Fv(max) isthemaximum value ofFvobserved during thetestperformed
withoutthehorizontal transverse load).EN 108 EN4.9. After each test, thefinal permanent deflection oftheprotection structure shall be
recorded inthetestreport.EN 109 ENANNEX XII
Requirements applying tosafety beltanchorages andsafety belts
Part 1 —Requirements for the approval of a t ype of vehicle with regard to safet y belt anchorages
andsafet y belts
1. General requirements
1.1. Vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e with a mass in running order > 270 kg 
shall be fitted with safety belt anchorages and s afety belts on seats (i.e. not required 
in case of saddles), comply ing with the requirements of this Annex.
1.2. Vehicles of categories L2e, L 5e, L 6e and L7e with a mass in running order  270 kg 
maybe fitted with safety belt anchorages and/or safety belts, provided that these 
comply with the requirements of this Annex.
1.3. The number of safet y belt anchorages provided shall be sufficient to facilitate the 
correct installation of the mandatory , voluntary or optionally installed safety belt on 
anygiven seat.
1.4. Safety belt anchorages shall conform to the 7/16 -20 UNF 2B thread size and 
tolerance specifications.
1.4.1. However, if the vehicle manufacturer has fitted safet y belts as standard equipment to 
specific seating positions, the safet y belt ancho rages for those seating positions may 
have characteristics different from those specified in point 1.4.
1.4.2. Anchorage points comply ing with the specific provisions for the installation of 
special -type (e.g. harness -type) safet y belts may have character istics different from 
those specified in point 1.4.
1.5. It shall be possible to remove a safet y belt without any remaining damage to the 
safet y belt anchorage point.
1.6. The R -point of a seating position shall be determined as follows:
1.6.1. The R -point of a saddle shall be taken as declared by the vehicle manufacturer and 
dulyjustified by means of appropriate vehicle design criteria taking into account the 
characteristics of a 50thpercentile male manikin (i.e. Hy brid III anthropomorphic 
test device ) and its hip pivot point.
1.6.2. The R -point of a seat shall be established in accordance with the provisions in 
Appendix 3 to Part 2 of Annex VII to this Regulation.
Part 2 —Requirements apply ing to safet y belt anchorages
1. Specific requirements for safet y belt anchorages
1.1 The safet y belt anchorages may be incorporated within the chassis, bodywork, seat 
or an y other structure of the vehicle.
1.2. A single safety belt anchorage point may be used for attaching the safety belts for EN 110 ENtwo adjacent sea ting positions.
1.3. The permitted locations of the effective safety belt anchorage points for all seating 
positions are indicated in Figures 11 -P2-1 and 11 -P2-2 and clarified below.
1.4. Position of the lower effective safet y belt anchorages
1.4.1. The1and  2angles shall lie between 30oand 80oin all normal positions of use of 
the seat.
1.4.2. If seats are fitted with an adjustment sy stem and the manufacturer’s declared torso 
angle is less than 20o, the  1and  2angles referred to in the previous point maylie 
between 20 °and 80°in all normal positions of use of the seat.
1.4.3. The distance between the two vertical planes parallel to the longitudinal median 
plane of the vehicle and passing through each of the two lower effective anchorages 
L1and L 2of the same safety belt shall not be less than 350 mm. This may be reduced 
to 240 mm in the case of a centre -row rear seating position. The longitudinal median 
plane of the seating position shall pass points L 1and L 2at no less than 120 mm from 
those points.
1.5. Location of the upper effective safet y belt anchorages
1.5.1. If a strap guide, D -ring or similar device affecting the position of an effective safet y 
belt upper anchorage is used, that position is determined in a conventional manner 
byconsidering the position of the anchorage when the safet y belt is worn by an 
occupant, represented b y a 50thpercentile male manikin, with the seat adjusted to the 
design position as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.
1.5.2. Points J 1and J 2shall be de termined as follows:
Point J 1is determined in relation to the R -point by means of the following three 
segments:
– RZ: segments of torso reference line measured from the R -point upwards 
over a length of 530 mm;
– ZX: segment perpendicular to the longitudinal m edian plane of the vehicle 
measured from point Z in the direction of the anchorage and having a length 
of 120 mm;
– XJ1: segment perpendicular to the plane defined by segments RZ and ZX 
measured from point X forwards over a length of 60 mm.
Point J 2is deter mined by symmetry with point J 1about the longitudinal plane 
verticall y crossing the torso reference line of the relevant seat.
1.5.3. A single upper effective safet y belt anchorage point shall comply with the following 
requirements:
1.5.3.1. The upper e ffective safety belt anchorage point shall lie below the plane FN that is 
perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane of the seating position and forms an 
angle of 65owith the torso reference line. For rear seats, this angle may be reduced 
to 60o. The plane FN may therefore not be perfectly horizontal and shall intersect the EN 111 ENtorso reference line at a point D so that:
DR = 315 mm + 1.8 S.
However, if S does not exceed 200 mm:
DR = 675 mm.
1.5.3.2. The upper effective safety belt anchorage point shall al so lie behind plane FK 
perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane of the seat and intersect the torso 
reference line at an angle of 120oat a point B so that:
BR = 260 mm + S.
If S is not less than 280 mm, the vehicle manufacturer may opt to use:
BR = 260 mm + 0.8 S
1.5.3.3. The value S shall not be less than 140 mm.
1.5.3.4. The upper effective safety belt anchorage point shall also be located behind a vertical 
plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle and passes 
through the R -point.
1.5.3.5. The upper effective safety belt anchorage point shall also be located above the 
horizontal plane passing through the point C.
Point C is located 450 mm vertically above the R -point.
However, if distance S is 280 mm or more and i f the vehicle manufacturer did not 
opt to use the alternative formula for BR in point 1.5.3.2., the vertical distance of 
500 mm between point C and the R -point shall apply .
1.5.3.6. More than one actual upper safety belt anchorage point may be fitted, pro vided that 
all resulting effective safety belt anchorage points meet the requirements of point s 
1.5.3. to 1.5.3.5.
1.5.3.7. If the height of the upper safet y belt anchorage point is manually adjustable without 
the use of an y tools, all selectable upper sa fety belt anchorage point positions and the 
resulting effective safet y belt anchorage points shall comply with the requirements of 
point s 1.5.3. to 1.5.3.5 . In this case, the permitted area as defined above may be 
enlarged b y shifting it 80 mm upwards and downwards in the vertical direction; 
however, the permitted area remains bounded by the horizontal plane passing 
through point C. (See Figure 11 -P2-1).
1.5.4. Anchorage points intended for special -type (e.g. harness -type) safet y belts
1.5.4.1. Anyaddit ional upper effective safet y belt anchorage point shall lie on the opposite 
side of the first upper effective anchorage point in relation to the longitudinal median 
plane of the seating position. I n addition:
– both upper safet y belt effective anchorage poin ts shall be located above the 
horizontal plane passing through the point C;
– both upper safet y belt effective anchorage points shall be located behind the 
transverse plane passing through the torso reference line;
– where there is a single actual safet y belt anchorage point (i.e. both ends of the EN 112 ENsafet y belt are to be attached to a single anchorage point), this shall be 
located within the area common to two dihedrals bounded by vertical lines 
passing through the points J 1and J 2, and for each point forming an angle of 
30°horizontally between two vertical planes which are in turn related to the 
two vertical longitudinal planes intersecting both J 1and J 2 and forming an 
outward angle of 10 °and an inward angle of 20 °with those longitudinal 
planes. (See Figure 1 1-2);
– where there are two separate actual safet y belt anchorage points, these shall 
be located within each of the respective areas formed by dihedrals bounded 
byvertical lines passing through the points J 1and J 2, and for each point 
forming an angle of 30 °horizontally between two vertical planes which are 
in turn related to the two vertical longitudinal planes intersecting both J 1
and J 2 and forming an outward angle of 10 °and an inward angle of 20 °with 
those longitudinal planes. (See Figure 11 -P2-2). In addition, the two 
anchorage points shall be so located that they are no more than 50 mm apart 
in any direction when one of the points is mirrored in relation to the vertical 
longitudinal plane passing through the R -point of the seating position in 
questio n.EN 113 EN
S = 140 min.
350 min. 1/120 min.120 min.
Figure 11 -P2-1EN 114 ENR Z
XJ
J2
1
10° 20° 10° 
20° 
Figure 11 -P2-2
2. Strength of safet y belt anchorages
2.1. Each safet y belt anchorage point shall capable of withstanding the tests provided for 
in point s 3. To 3.5.1 . Permanent deformation, including partial rupture of an 
anchorage or the surrounding area, does not constitute failure if the required force is 
sustained for the specified time. During the test, the minimum distances for the lower 
effective safet y belt anchorage points set out in point 1.4.3. and the minimum heigh t 
of the upper effective safety belt anchorage points set out in point 1.5.3.5. shall be 
maintained.
2.2. Displacement s ystems fitted to seats shall be capable of being manuall y activated 
once after the tractive force is no longer applied.
3. Testing pro visions
3.1. General testing provisions
3.1.1. Subject to the provisions set out in point s 3.2. to 3.2.3. and in line with the 
manufacturer’s request:
3.1.1.1. The tests may be carried out on either a vehicle structure or a fully finished vehicle.
3.1.1.2. The windows and doors may be installed and placed in the open or closed position.
3.1.1.3. Anynormally fitted component which is likely to contribute to the overall structural 
integrit y of the vehicle may be installed.
3.1.2. All seats shall be adj usted to a position of use for normal driving, as selected by the 
technical service responsible for carry ing out the ty pe-approval tests, and it shall be 
ensured that the least favourable (i.e. worst -case) positions of the seats are assessed 
during the tes ts.
3.1.2.1. The position of the seats shall be accuratel y recorded in the report. If its angle is 
adjustable, the backrest shall be locked in position in accordance with the 
manufacturer’s instructions or, in their absence, in a position corresponding to a 
torso angle as close as possible to 25 °.EN 115 EN3.2. Provisions for securing and restraining the vehicle during the test
3.2.1. The method used to restrain the vehicle during the test shall not have the effect of 
reinforcing the anchorage or anchorage areas, or interfere with the normal 
deformation of the structure.
3.2.2. The method used to restrain the vehicle during the test is considered satisfactory if it 
has no effect on an area extending throughout the width of the structure and if the 
vehicle or stru cture is locked or attached at the front at an overall distance of at least 
500 mm from the actual anchorage point to be tested and held or attached at the rear 
at an overall distance of at least 300 mm from the actual anchorage point to be 
tested.
3.2.3. It is recommended that the structure rests on supports directly below the wheel axles 
or, if this is not possible, directly below the wheel suspension points.
3.3. General test requirements
3.3.1. All the anchorages within the same group of seats shall be tested simultaneously .
3.3.2. The tractive force shall be applied forwards at an angle of 10º ± 5º above the 
horizontal in a plane parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.
3.3.3. The loading shall begin as quickl y as possible. The anc horages shall withstand the 
specified load for at least 0.2 seconds.
3.3.4. The traction devices to be used for the tests described in point s 3.4. to 3.4.5.2. shall 
comply with the specifications laid down in Annex 5 to UNECE Regulation No 14. 
The width o f the traction device shall be selected so as to correspond with, or be as 
close as possible to, the design value of the width between the lower effective safet y 
belt anchorages.
3.3.5. Safety belt anchorages for seats fitted with upper anchorages shall b e tested under 
the following conditions:
3.3.5.1. Outboard front seating positions:
In the case of safety belts incorporating a inertia reel retractor attached to a separate 
lower side anchorage point:
– the anchorages are subjected to the test laid down in point s 3.4.1. to 3.4.1.3. 
in which the forces are applied to them by means of a device reproducing 
the geometry of a three -point belt incorporating an inertia reel retractor 
attached to a lower side anchorage and a D -ring acting through the upper 
anchorag e.
In the case of safet y belts not incorporating a inertia reel retractor attached to a 
separate lower side anchorage point:
– the anchorages shall be subjected to the test laid down in point s 3.4.2. to 
3.4.2.2. in which the forces are applied to them by means of a device 
reproducing the geometry of a three -point non -inertia reel belt;
– the lower anchorages shall in addition be subjected to the test laid down in EN 116 ENpoint s 3.4.3. to 3.4.3.1. in which the forces are transferred to the lower 
anchorages b y means of a device representing a lap belt;
– the two tests may be carried out on two different structures at the request of 
the manufacturer.
If the height of the upper safet y belt anchorage point is manually adjustable without 
the use of an y tools, it shall be set in the least favourable (i.e. worst -case) position as 
decided b y the technical service.
In the case of multiple upper safet y belt anchorage points for use with a special -type 
(e.g. harness -type) safety belt, these shall all be subjected to the test required in 
point s 3.4.5. to 3.4.5.2., in which the forces are applied to them by means of a device 
reproducing the geometry of the type of safet y belt intended to be attached to those 
anchorages.
3.3.5.2. Rear outboard seating positions and/or centre seating posi tions:
In the case of three -point safet y belts incorporating a inertia reel retractor attached to 
a separate lower side anchorage point:
– the anchorages are subjected to the test laid down in point s 3.4.1. to 3.4.1.3. 
in which the forces are applied to them bymeans of a device reproducing 
the geometry of a three -point belt incorporating an inertia reel retractor 
attached to a lower side anchorage and a D -ring acting through the upper 
anchorage.
In the case of three -point safety belts not incorporating a ine rtia reel retractor 
attached to a separate lower side anchorage point:
– the anchorages shall be subjected to the test laid down in point s 3.4.2. to 
3.4.2.2. in which the forces are applied to them by means of a device 
reproducing the geometry of a three -point non -inertia reel belt;
– the lower anchorages shall in addition be subjected to the test laid down in 
point s 3.4.3. to 3.4.3.1. in which the forces are transferred to the lower 
anchorages b y means of a device representing a lap belt;
– at the request of the manufacturer, the two tests may be carried out on two 
different structures.
If the height of the upper safet y belt anchorage point is manually adjustable without 
the use of an y tools, it shall be set in the least favourable (i.e. worst -case) position as 
decided b y the technical service.
In the case of multiple upper safet y belt anchorage points for use with a special -type 
(e.g. harness -type) safet y belt, they shall all be subjected to the test required in point s 
3.4.5. to 3.4.5.2., in which the forces are applied to them by means of a device 
reproducing the geometry of the type of safet y belt intended to be attached to those 
anchorages.
3.3.6. Safety belt anchorages for seating positions not fitted with upper anchorages shall be 
tested under the following conditions:
3.3.6.1. Outboard front seating positions:
In the case of two -point or lap safet y belts:EN 117 EN– not permitted.
3.3.6.1. Rear outboard seating positions and/or centre seating positions:
In the case of two -point or lap safet y belts:
– the lower anchorag es shall be subjected to the test laid down in point s 3.4.3. 
to 3.4.3.1. in which the forces are transferred to the lower anchorages by 
means of a device representing a lap belt.
3.3.7. If the safet y belt s ystems to be installed in the vehicle require the use of specific 
equipment such as brackets, rollers, additional anchorages or guides, without which 
the testing straps or cables cannot be attached directl y to the anchorages, such 
equipment shall be mounted and used during all tests as appropriate.
3.4. Specific requirements for the tests to be carried out on vehicles having a mass in 
running order  600 kg
3.4.1. Test in three -point belt configuration incorporating a retractor having a D -ring, 
pulley or strap guide at the upper actual safet y bel t ancho rage
3.4.1.1. A reverser, pulley or guide for the cable or strap with the characteristics needed to 
transfer the forces from the traction device is attached to the upper anchorages. A 
normal safet y belt s ystem may be used instead.
3.4.1.2. A test loading of 675 daN ± 20 daN shall be applied to a shoulder belt traction 
device attached to the belt anchorages b y means of a cable or strap reproducing the 
geometry of the upper diagonal strap of the corresponding safet y belt.
3.4.1.3. At the same time, a tract ive force of 675 daN ± 20 daN shall be applied to a lap belt 
traction device attached to the two lower anchorages.
3.4.2. Test in three -point belt configuration without a retractor or with a retractor mounted 
directly to the upper actual anchorage point
3.4.2.1. A test loading of 675 daN ± 20 daN shall be applied to a shoulder belt traction 
device attached to the upper anchorage and to the opposite lower belt anchorage of 
the same safet y belt using, if fitted as standard equipment by the manufacturer, a 
retractor fixed at the upper actual safet y belt anchorage.
3.4.2.2. At the same time, a tractive force of 675 daN ± 20 daN shall be applied to a lap belt 
traction device attached to the two lower anchorages.
3.4.3. Test in lap -belt configuration
3.4.3.1. A test loading of 1110 daN ± 20 daN shall be applied to a lap belt traction device 
attached to the two lower anchorages.
3.4.4. Additional test requirements in the case of safety belt anchorage points located 
wholly within the seat structure or dispersed between the vehicle structure and the 
seat structure
3.4.4.1. The three specific safety belt configuration tests in point s 3.4.1., 3.4.2. and 3.4.3. EN 118 ENshall be conducted while an additional force, as specified below, is exerted for each 
seat and/or each gr oup of seats.
3.4.4.2. The additional longitudinal and horizontal force shall be equal to ten times the 
weight of the complete seat and applied directl y to the centre of gravit y of the seat 
structure in question through a separate force application device .
3.4.5. Test in special -type belt configuration (other than those for three -point belt or lap -
belt)
3.4.5.1. A test loading of 675 daN ± 20 daN shall be applied to a shoulder belt traction 
device attached to the belt anchorages meant for a special -type safet y belt, by means 
of cables or straps reproducing the geometry of the upper diagonal strap or straps of 
the corresponding safet y belt.
3.4.5.2. At the same time, a tractive force of 675 daN ± 20 daN shall be applied to a lap -belt 
traction device attac hed to the two lower anchorages.
3.5. Specific requirements for the tests to be carried out on vehicles having a mass in 
running order > 600 kg or where the vehicle manufacturer chooses to fulfil these 
requirements on a voluntary basis
3.5.1. Vehicles co vered b y the criteria set out in point 3.5. shall meet all the relevant 
requirements of UNECE Regulation No 14 with regard to anchorages for safety belts 
intended for adult occupants, as prescribed for vehicle category M1.
3.6. If an ISOFIX anchorage s ystem or a sy stem which resembles ISOFIX is fitted 
optionally to the vehicle, all relevant location, marking and strength requirements for 
such sy stems in UNECE Regulation No 14 shall be met.
3.6. Test report requirements
3.6.1. The deformation of the safet y belt anchorage points and the load supporting 
structures resulting from the application of the loads as specified in point s 3.4. to 
3.5.1. shall be accuratel y recorded after the tests and included in the test report.
Part 3 —Requirements apply ing to th e installation of safet y belts
1. Inthe absence of specific requirements for vehicles of categories L2e, L5e, L6e and 
L7e in UNECE Regulation No 16, vehicles of those categories which are fitted with 
safet y belts shall meet all relevant requirements of t hat Regulation as prescribed for 
vehicle category N1, as well as the following:
1.1. Without prejudice to the requirements of point s 1.1. and 1.2. of Part 1, concerning 
the mass in running order, safet y belts shall be fitted to all seating positions 
consi sting of seats.
1.1.1. The driver’s seating position (including where this is central) shall in this case 
alway s be fitted with a three -point or harness -type safet y belt.
1.2. Vehicles of categories L7e -A2, L7e -B2 and L7e -C shall be fitted with three -point or 
harness -type safety belts on all seating positions, regardless of the vehicle mass in EN 119 ENrunning order.
1.3. Anyreference in UNECE Regulation No 16 to UNECE Regulation No 14 shall be 
understood as a reference to Part 2, where appropriate.
1.4. Safety belts may be fitted to seating positions consisting of saddles. These may be 
two-point or lap safet y belts, rather than three -point safet y belts, but shall meet all 
the remaining relevant requirements.
1.5. All safety belts shall be ty pe-approved and fit ted in accordance with the safet y belt 
manufacturer’s specifications.EN 120 ENANNEX XIII
Requirements applying toseating positions (saddles andseats)
1. Requirements for the approval of a t ype of vehicle with regard to seating positions
1.1. Vehicles shall befitted with atleast oneseatorsaddle.
1.1.1. Allseating positions shall beforward -facing.
1.2. Vehicles without body work may have saddles.
1.3. Vehicles ofcategories L2e, L5e,L6eandL7ewhich arefitted with body work shall
have seats.
1.3.1. By wa y of derogation to Article 2(5)ofthisRegulation andforthepurpose ofthis
Annex, avehicle isdeemed tohave body work ifthere arestructural elements beside
and/or behind thelowest seating position which exceed theheight oftheR-point of
theseating position inquestion. The area concerned isthus located inandbehind
thetransverse vertical plane passing through theR-point oftheseating position in
question. Other seating positions, back rests, luggage compartments andracks, and
any other fittings orcomponents mounted tothem, shall notberegarded as
structural elements inthiscontext (i.e. side doors, B -pillars and/or roof are regarded 
as body work) .The technical service shall provide clear justification forthe
judgment criteria inthetestreport.
1.4 TheR-point ofaseating position shall bedetermined asfollows :
1.4.1. TheR-point ofasaddle shall betaken asdeclared bythevehicle manufacturer and
duly justified bymeans ofappropriate vehicle design criteria taking intoaccou ntthe
characteristics ofa50thpercentile male manikin (i.e. Hybrid IIIanthropomorphic
testdevice) anditshippivot point.
1.4.2. TheR-point ofaseatshall beestablished inaccordance with Appendix 3toPart 2
ofAnnex VIItothisRegulation.
1.5. Allseats shall have seatbacks.
1.5.1. Inorder toassess thefunctionality ofaseatback, itshall bepossible tocarry outat
least oneoftheprocedures below foreach seat.
1.5.1.1. The procedure forthedetermination oftheH-point following theprescriptions in
Annex 3toUNECE Regulation No17shall becarried outsuccessfully (i.e. not
taking intoaccount anyexemptions provided forinthatRegulation ).
1.5.1.2. Where theprocedure ofpoint 1.5.1.1. cannot becarried outcorrectly foraspeci fic
seat, this shall bedemonstrated satisfactoril yand subsequently a50thpercentile
male manikin (i.e. Hybrid IIIanthropomorphic testdevice) may instead beplaced
ontheseat, which shall beadjusted tothedesign position asspecified bythe
vehicle manufacturer. Inthiscase, theR-point oftheseatinquestion shall betaken
asdeclared bythevehicle manufacturer andduly justified bymeans ofappropriate
vehicle design criteria taking into account thecharacteristics ofa50thpercentile
male mani kinand itshippivot point. The technical service shall provide clearEN 121 ENjustification forthejudgment criteria inthetestreport.
1.5.1.3. Ifneither procedure canbecarried outcorrectl y,theseatandseatback aredeemed
nottocomply with therequire ments ofthisAnnex.
1.6. Spaces resembling seating positions ,butnotdesignated assuch, shall notbe
permitted.
1.6.1. Spaces resembling seats andonwhich a5thpercentile adult female manikin canbe
seated shall beregarded asseats andshall theref oremeet allrelevant requirements
ofthisAnnex.
1.7. Theheight oftheR-point oftheseating position ofthedriver orrider shall be540
mm inthecase ofvehicles ofcategories L1e,L3e andL4e and400mm inthe
case ofvehicles ofcategories L2e,L5e, L6eandL7e, asmeasured from theground
surface.
1.7.1. Ifthevehicle isequipped with systems which canchange thevehicle’s riding
height, thisshall besetinthenormal running condition asspecified bythevehicle
manufacturer.
1.8. Allseatsand saddles which arefitted with safety belt anchorage points and/or
safet ybelts shall becapable ofwithstanding adeceleration of10gfor20msin
forward direction without breakage. Iffitted, locking ,adjustment anddisplacement
systems shall notmalfunction orrelease. Displacement systems fitted toseats shall
becapable ofbeing manually activated once after being subjected tothe
deceleration.
1.8.1. Compliance with point 1.8.shall bedemonstrated asfollows:
– forseats:
– bysubmitting represe ntative parts ofthevehicle toadeceleration of
10ginforward direction foratleast 20ms;or
– byperforming thetestinpoint s3.4.4. to3.4.4.2. ofPart 2 ofAnnex
XII;
– forsaddles:
– byexerting intheforward direction, initscentre ofgravit y,aforce
equal totentimes theweight ofthecomplete saddle inquestion.
2. Child restraint systems
2.1. Child restraint systems comply ing with UNECE Regulation No44may be
recommended bythevehicle manufacturers foruseinvehicles ofcategories L2e,
L5e,L6eandL7efitted with safet ybelts and/or ISOFIX.
2.1.1. Inthiscase, allrelevant requirements ofUNECE Regulation No16regarding the
installation ofchild restraint systems shall bemet, including those regarding
information provided inthevehicl e’sinstruction manual.
2.2. Child restraint systems comply ing with UNECE Regulation No44may be
recommended bythevehicle manufacturers foruseinside-cars ofvehicles ofEN 122 ENcategory L4efitted with safet ybelts and/or ISOFIX.
2.2.1. Inthiscase, thesafetybeltanchorages shall comply with therequirements ofpoint s
1.3.to1.6.2. ofPart 1 ofAnnex XIIandpoint s1.to3.6.1. ofPart2ofAnnex XII;
however, seats inside-carsmay befitted with two-point lapbelts.
2.2.2. Allrelevant requirements ofUNECE Regulation No16regarding theinstallation of
child restraint systems shall bemet, including those regarding theinformation tobe
provided inthevehicle’s instruction manual.EN 123 ENANNEX XIV
Requirements regarding steer -ability, cornering propertie sandturn -ability
1. Requirements for the approval of a ty pe of vehicle with regard to steer -abilit y, 
cornering properties and turn -ability
1.1. Vehicles ofcategories L1e andL3e shall betested according totheprovisions of
point s2.to2.6.andmeet therelevant requirements.
1.2. Vehicles ofcategories L2e, L4e,L5e, L6eandL7eshall betested according tothe
provisions ofpoint s2.to2.8.andmeet therelevant requirements. Inaddition, these
vehicles shall meet thespecific construction require ments ofpoint s1.2.1. to1.2.2. 2.
1.2.1. Vehicles shall beconstructed sothatallwheels arecapable ofrotating atdifferent
individual speeds atalltimes. Adevice such asadifferential may beinstalled ;these
may belocked automatically orbyexter nalmeans ,butshall normally beunlocked.
1.2.1.1. The locking function ofsuch adevice shall notbeused tocomply with specific
braking requirements inAnnex III,inparticular regarding braking action being
required, operating onallthevehicle’s wheels.
1.2.2. Vehicles ofcategories L2e, L5e,L6eandL7ewhich arefitted with body work shall
beequipped with adevice forreversing which canbeoperated from thedriver’s
position.
1.2.2.1. Bywayof derogation to Article 2(5)ofthisRegulation andforthepurpose ofthis
Annex, avehicle isdeemed tohave body work ifthere arestructural elements beside
and/or behind thelowest seating position which exceed theheight ofthe R-point of 
the seating position in question .The area concerned isthus located inandbehind
thetransverse vertical plane passing through theR-point oftheseating position in 
question .Other seating positions, back rests, luggage compartments andracks, and
any other fittings orcomponents mounted tothem, shall notberegard edas
structural elements inthiscontext (i.e. side doors, B -pillars and/or roof are regarded 
as body work) .The technical service shall provide clear justification forthe
judgment criteria inthetestreport.
1.2.2.2. Vehicles of category L2e with a technicall y permissible maximum mass  225kg, 
not fitted with a safet y belt on the driver’s seating position and which cannot be 
fitted with side doors, are exempted from the requirement to be fitted with a device 
for reversing.
2. Test provisions
2.1. Thetests shall beconducted onalevelsurface affording good adhesion.
2.2. During thetests, thevehicle shall beloaded toitstechnicall ypermissible maximum
mass.
2.3. The tyrepressures shall beadjusted tothevalues specified bythevehicle
manufacturer fortherelevant load condit ion.
2.4. Itshall bepossible tosteer avehicle from astraight ahead direction into aspiralEN 124 ENwith afinal turning circle radius of12mataspeed ofatleast 6km/h .Inorder to
demonstrate compliance, onesteering movement shall bemade totheright andone
totheleft.
2.5. Itshall bepossible toleave acurve with aturning circle radius of50mata
tangent without unusual vibration inthesteering equipment at50km/h oratthe
maximum design vehicle speed, ifthis islower. In order to demons trate 
compliance, one steering movement shall be made to the leftand one to the right .
2.5.1. The testspeed may bereduced to45km/h iftheradius is40m,39km/h ifthe
radius is30m,32km/h iftheradius is20mand23km/h iftheradius is10m.
2.6. Itshall bepossible totravel along astraight section ofroad surface without unusual
steering corrections bytherider ordriver and without unusual vibration inthe
steering system at160km/h forvehicles with amaximum design speed 200km/h,
at0.8xVmaxforvehicles with amaximum design speed <200km/h ortheactual
maximum speed which thevehicle canattain inthetestload condition, ifthisis
lower.
2.7. When avehicle ofcategory L2e, L4e, L5e,L6eorL7eisdriven inacircle with its
steered wheels atapproximately half lock andaconstant speed ofatleast 6km/h,
theturning circle shall remain thesame orbecome larger ifthesteering control is
released.
2.8. Vehicles ofcategory L4e from which theside-carcanbedetached sothat the
motorcy clecanbeused without itshall fulfil therequirements forsolo motorcy cles
inpoint 1.1.aswell asthose inpoint 1.2.EN 125 ENANNEX XV
Requirements regarding theinstallation oftyres
1. Requirements for the approval of a ty pe of vehicle with regard to the installation of 
tyres
1.1. Subject totheprovisions ofpoint 1.2., alltyresfitted tovehicle s,including anyspare
tyre,shall betype-approved according toUNECE Regulation No75.
1.1.1. Tyreswhich aredeemed suitable forfitment onvehicles ofcategories L2eandL5ein
accordance with UNECE Regulation No75shall bedeemed suitable forfitment on
vehicles ofcategories L6eandL7e.
1.1.2. Vehicles ofcategories L1e, L2eandL6e with atechnically permissible maximum 
mass 150kgmay befitted with non-type-approved tyreswith asection width 67
mm.
1.2. Where avehicle isdesigned forconditions ofusewhich areincompatible with the
characteristics oftyrestype-approved according toUNECE Regulation No75andit
istherefore necessary tofittyreswith different characteristics, therequirements of
point 1.1.donotapply ,provided thatthefollowing conditions aremet:
−the ty res are t ype-approved according to Directive 92/23/EC18, Regulation 
(EC) No 661/200919or UNECE Regulation No 106; and
−the approval authorit y and technical service are satisfied that the ty res fitted 
are suitable for the operating conditions of the vehicle. The nature of the 
exemption and reasons for acceptance shall be clearly stated in the test re port.
2. Tyrefitment
2.1. Alltyresnormall yfitted tothesame axle, except those onside-cars ofL4ecategory
vehicles, shall beofthesame type.
2.2. The space inwhich each wheel revolves shall besuch astoallow unrestricted
movement when using themaximum permissible sizeoftyresandrimwidths, taking
into account theminimum and maximum wheel off-sets ifapplicable, within the
minimum and maximum suspension and steering constraints asdeclared bythe
vehicle manufacturer. This shall beverifi edbyperforming thechecks forthelargest
andthewidest tyreineach space, taking intoaccount theapplicable rimsizeandthe
maximum allowed section width andouter diameter ofthetyre,inrelation tothetyre
size designation asspecified intheapplicable legislation .The checks shall be
performed byrotating arepresentation ofthetyre’smaximum envelope, notjustthe
actual tyre,inthespace forthewheel inquestion.
2.2.1. Thepermissible dynamic growth ofbias andbias/belted construction tyreswhich are
type-approved according toUNECE Regulation No75depends onthespeed
category symbol andthecategory ofuse. Toensure anunrestricted choice ofbias
and bias/belted replacement tyresfortheend-user ofthevehicle, thevehicle
  
18OJ L 129, 14.5.1992, p. 95.
19OJ L 200, 31.7.2009, p. 1.EN 126 ENmanufactu rershall take into account thelargest tolerance laiddown inpoint 4.1.of
Annex 9toUNECE Regulation No75(i.e. Hdyn=H×1.18) ,irrespective ofthe
speed category andcategory ofuseofthetyresfitted tothevehicle submitted for
type-approval.
2.3. Thetechnical service may agree toanalternative testprocedure (e.g. virtual testing)
toverify that therequirements ofpoint 2.2. to2.2.1. aremet, provided that the
clearance between thetyre’s maximum envelope andvehicle structure exceeds 10
mmatallpoints .
3. Load capacit y
3.1. The maximum load rating ofeach tyrewith which thevehicle isfitted shall beat
least equal tothefollowing:
– themaximum permissible mass ontheaxle where theaxle isequipped with
onetyreonly;
– halfofthemaxi mum permissible mass ontheaxle where theaxle isequipped
with twotyresinsingle formation;
– 0,54 times themaximum permissible mass ontheaxle where theaxle is
equipped with twotyresindual (twin) formation;
– 0,27 times themaximum permissible mass ontheaxle where theaxle is
equipped with twosetsoftyresindual (twin) formation;
– with reference tothemaximum permissible mass oneach axle asdeclared by
thevehicle manufacturer.
3.1.1. The load capacit yindex indicated intheinformation docume ntshall bethelowest
grade which iscompatible with themaximum permissible load onthetyrein
question. Tyreswith ahigher grade may befitted .
3.2. Therelevant information shall bestated clearl yinthevehicle’s instruction manual in
order toensurethatsuitable replacement tyreswith anappropriate load capacity are
fitted when necessary once thevehicle hasbeen putintoservice.
4. Speed capacit y
4.1. Every tyrewith which thevehicle isnormally fitted shall bear aspeed category
symbol.
4.1.1. The speed category symbol shall becompatible with themaximum design vehicle
speed.
4.1.1.1. The speed category asindicated intheinformation document shall bethelowest
grade which iscompatible with themaximum design vehicle speed. Tyreswith a
higher grade may befitted .
4.1.2. Inthecase oftyresofspeed categories V,W,YandZ,theadjusted load rating as
specified intherelevant Directive, EURegulation orUNECE Regulation shall be
taken intoaccount.EN 127 EN4.1.3. Inthecase oftyresofclassC2orC3,theadjusted load rating specified inpoint 2.29.
ofUNECE Regulation No54shall betaken intoaccount.
4.2. Therequirements ofpoint 4.1.1. to4.1.3. shall notapply inthefollowing situations:
4.2.1. Inthecase oftemporary -usespare units.
4.2.2. Inthecase ofvehicles normally equipped with ordinary tyresandoccasionally fitted
with snow tyres,where thespeed category symbol ofthesnow tyreshall correspond
toaspeed either greater than themaximum design vehicle speed ornotlessthan 130
km/h (orboth). However, ifthemaximum design vehicle speed isgreater than the
speed corresponding tothelowest speed category symbol ofthefitted snow tyres,a
maximum speed warning label, specify ingthelowest value ofthemaximum speed
capability ofthefitted snow tyres, shall bedisplay edinside thevehicle ina
prominent position or,ifthevehicle does nothave aninterior, asclose aspossible to
theinstrument cluster, readily andpermanently visible tothedriver.
4.3. Thereleva ntinformation shall bestated clearl yinthevehicle’s instruction manual in
order toensure thatsuitable replacement tyreswith anappropriate speed capacit yare
fitted when necessary once thevehicle hasbeen putintoservice.
5. Tyre pressures
5.1. The vehicle manufacturer shall recommend the cold ty re pressure for each ty refor 
normal on -road use . It is permitted that more than one pressure or a range of 
pressures is declared , depending on the vehicle loading conditions. It is not permitted 
that mu ltiple pressures are declared for the purpose of reducing wear or increasing 
fuel efficiency to the detriment of comfort, or any other similar purpose.
5.2. The declared cold ty re pressure (s)in compliance with point 5.1. shall be stated on the 
vehicle (e .g. on one or more label s). The information shall be clearl y legible without 
the need to remove any parts with the use of tools and shall be affixed in a way that it 
is not easily removed.
5.3. The relevant information shall also be stated clearl y in the vehicle’s instruction 
manual in order to encourage the vehicle operator to frequently check the ty re 
pressures and to adjust them if necessary.EN 128 ENANNEX XVI
Requirements applying tothevehicle maximum speed limitation plate and itslocation onthe
vehicle
1. Requirements for the approval of a t ype of vehicle with regard to maximum speed 
limitation plate and its location on the vehicle
1.1. Vehicles ofcategor iesL7e-B1and L7e -B2shall befitted with aplate onwhich the
maximum design vehicle speed isindicated.
1.2. Vehicles ofcategories other than L7e-B1or L7e -B2may befitted with aplate on
which the maximum design vehicle speed isindicated, provided that the
requirements ofthisAnnex aremet.
2. Specific requirements concerning theplate
2.1. Allcharacters ontheplate shall beformed byretro -reflective material type-approved
asClass D,EorD/Eaccording toUNECE Regulation No104.
2.2. Thesurface shall consist ofaround white non-retro -reflective plate with adiameter
of200mm.
2.2.1. Thesurface may befixed ontoalarger anddifferently shaped area such asbody work,
provided thatallrequirements arestillcomplied with.
2.3. Thenumber indicated ontheplate shall bemarked inorange digits.
2.3.1. The font typeshall benormal, clearly legible, upright andcommon. Handwriting
stylesoritalic scripts shall notbepermitted.
2.3.2. Alldigits shall have thesame font size, atleast 100 mm inheight and50mm in
width, with theexception ofthenumber ‘1’,which may benarrower.
2.4. Inthecase ofvehicles intended and equipped foroperation interritories where
metric values areused, thecharacters ‘km/h ’shall bestated under thespeed
indication.
2.4.1. Theoverall dimensions oftheterm ‘km/h ’shall beatleast 40mm inheigh tand60
mminwidth.
2.5. Inthecase ofvehicles intended and equipped foroperation interritories where
imperial values areused, thecharacters ‘mph’shall bestated under thespeed
indication.
2.5.1. The overall dimensions oftheterm ‘mph’shall beatleast 40mm inheight and60
mminwidth.
2.6. Ifvehicles areintended andequipped foroperation interritories where both metric
andimperial values areused, both versions ofthespeed limitation plate shall be
fitted andcomply with allrequirem entsofthisAnnex.
3. Location, visibility andcharacteristics oftheplateEN 129 EN3.1. Theplate shall consist ofavirtually flatsurface.
3.2. Position oftheplate inrelation tothelongitudinal median plane ofthevehicle:
3.2.1. The centre point oftheplate shall notbesituated totheleftofthelongitudinal
median plane ofthevehicle.
3.3. Position oftheplate inrelation tothevertical longitudinal plane ofthevehicle:
3.3.1. Theplate shall beperpendicular tothelongitudinal plane ofthevehicle.
3.3.2. Theright -hand edge oftheplate may notbesituated totheright ofthevertical plane
which isparallel tothelongitudinal median plane ofthevehicle andtouches the
extreme outer edge ofthevehicle.
3.4. Position oftheplate inrelation tothevertical transverse plane:
3.4.1. Theplate may beinclined tothevertical:
3.4.1.1. Atbetween -5ºand30º,provided thattheheight oftheupper edge oftheplate isnot
more than 1.20 mfrom theground surface;
3.4.1.2. Atbetween -15ºand5º,provided that theheight oftheupper edge oftheplate is
more than 1.20 mfrom theground surface.
3.5. Height oftheplate from theground surface
3.5.1. Thelower edge oftheplate height shall be0.30 mormore from theground surface.
3.5.2. The upper edge oftheplate shall benomore than 1.20 mfrom theground surface.
However, where itisnotpracticable tocompl ywith theheight provision duetothe
construction ofthevehicle, theheight may exceed 1.20 m,provided thatitisasclose
tothatlimit astheconstructional characteristics ofthevehicle allow, andshall inno
case exceed 2.00 m.
3.6. Geometrical visibility :
3.6.1. Iftheupper edge oftheplate isnomore than 1.20 mfrom theground surface, the
plate shall bevisibleinthewhole space included within thefollowing four planes:
– thetwo vertical planes touching thetwo lateral edges oftheplate and
forming anangle measured outwards of30ºtothelongitudinal median plane
ofthevehicle;
– theplane touching theuppe redge oftheplate andforming anangle measured
upwards of15ºtothehorizontal;
– thehorizontal plane through thelower edge oftheplate.
3.6.2. Iftheupper edge oftheplate ismore than 1.20 mfrom theground surface, theplate
shall bevisible inthewhole space included within thefollowing four planes:
– thetwo vertical planes touching thetwo lateral edges oftheplate and
forming anangle measured outwards of30ºtothelongitudinal median planeEN 130 ENofthevehicle;
– theplane touching theupper edge oftheplate andforming anangle measured
upwards of15ºtothehorizontal;
– theplane touching thelower edge oftheplate andforming anangle measured
downwards of15ºtothehorizontal.
4. Test procedure
4.1. Determination ofthevertical inclination and height oftheplate from theground
surface:
4.1.1. Before themeasurements aremade, thevehicle isplaced onasmooth ground surface
with itsmass adjusted tothemanufacturer ’sdeclared mass inrunning order, plus the
mass ofany propulsion batter ies.
4.1.2. Ifthevehicle isequipped with systems which canchange thevehicle’s riding height,
this shall besetinthenormal running condition asspecified bythevehicle
manufacturer.
4.1.3. Iftheplate isfacing downwards, themeasurement oftheinclination isexpressed asa
negative (minus )figure .EN 131 ENANNEX XVII
Requirements regarding vehicle occupant protection, including interior fittings andvehicle
doors
Part1—Requirements for the approval of a t ype of vehicle with regard to interior fittin gs
1. General r equirements
1.1. Vehicles ofcategor iesL2e, L5e,L6eandL7ewhich arefitted with body work shall
meet thefollowing requirements :
1.1.1. Theinterior ofthevehicle isdivided intothree main areas:
– interior zone 1:
– infront ofthetorsoreference lineinrelation totheseating position
ofthedriver;
– above theR-point oftheseating position ofthedriver ;
– interior zone 2:
– infront ofthetorso reference lineinrelation totheseating position
ofthedriver;
– below theR-point oftheseating position ofthedriver ;and
– interior zone 3:
– behind thetorso reference lineinrelation totheseating position of
thedriver;
– infront ofthetorso reference lineinrelation totheseating position
oftherearmost passenger;
– above theR-point ofthelowest seating position other than thatofthe
driver.
1.1.1.1. Bywayof derogation to Article 2(5)ofthisRegulation andforthepurpose ofthis
Annex, avehicle isdeemed tohave body work, andthus aninterior, ifitisfitted
with safet yglazing, side doors, side pillars and/or aroof creating anenclosed or
partly enclosed compartment .Thetechnical service shall provide clear justification
forthejudgment criteria inthetestreport.
1.1.2. Allvehicle doors andglazing shall beintheclosed position. Ifthevehicle isfitted
with aroof which canbeopened orremoved, thisshall beintheclosed position.
1.1.3. Other elements intheinterior which have multiple positions ofuse, such aslevers,
sunvisors, cupholders, ashtrays,ventilatio noutlets, knobs andbuttons, shall be
assessed inallpositions inwhich they canbeplaced, including allintermediate
positions. Storage compartments (e.g. glove box) shall be assessed in the closed 
position.
1.1.4. Materials which aresofter than 50Shore (A)hardness shall bedisregarded inthe
assessment ofcompliance with therequirements. The technical service may
therefore request theremoval ofsuch materials during thetype-approval checks.EN 132 EN1.1.5. Thefront side ofseatstructures shall bedisregarded. Therearside ofseatstructures
ininterior zone 3shall comply with therequirements ofPart 1(with anysoft
materials removed) orwith therelevant requirements forseat areas 1,2and3in
UNECE Regulation No17,asprescribed forvehicle category M1.
1.1.6. Testing apparatus
1.1.6.1. Ahead -form testing apparatus shall beused ininterior zone s1and3tosimulate
situations where edges may come into contact with thehead ofanoccupant. The
apparatus shall consist ofasphere with adiamet erof165mm. Where necessary ,a
force notexceeding 2.0daN shall beapplied with thetesting apparatus inorder to
expose edges.
1.1.6.2. Aknee -form testing apparatus shall beused ininterior zone 2tosimulate situations
where edges may come into contact with the knees ofanoccupant. The
specifications oftheknee -form testing apparatus shall beassetoutinAppendix 1to
Part 1.Where necessary, aforce notexceeding 2.0daN shall beapplied with the
testing apparatus inorder toexpose edges.
1.1.6.3. The testing apparatus itself shall notbemoved outofthezone which isbeing
assessed ;however, thehead -form testing apparatus may bemoved below thelower
horizontal boundary ofinterior zone 1andtheknee -form testing apparatus may be
moved abovetheupper horizontal boundary ofinterior zone 2aslong asthe
relevant point ofcontact stilllieswithin thezone which isbeing assessed (i.e. no
overlap ofcontact points). Iftheinterior ofthevehicle isopen totheoutside, for
instance duetotheabsence ofdoors oraroof, animaginary exterior boundary shall
betaken into account asiftheentire vehicle ,andthus itsopenings ,were covered
with athinplastic wrapping sheet.
2. Specific requirements andtests
2.1. Interior zone 1:
2.1.1. Inthiszone, ahead -form testing apparatus shall bemoved inalldirections possible.
Allcontactable edges, except those mentioned below, shall berounded with aradius
ofcurvature ofatleast 3.2mm.
2.1.2. Contactable edges above thelevel oftheinstrument panel which areeither apartof
theinstrument panel orofelements mounted directly onto theinstrument panel shall
berounded with aradius ofcurvature ofatleast 2.5mm.
2.1.3. Parts ininterior zone 1which arecovered byaforward horizont alprojection ofa
circle circumscribing theouter limits ofthesteering control, plus aperipheral band
127mm inwidth, shall bedisregarded. Parts shall be considered with the steering 
control placed in all positions of use (i.e. onl y disregard the pro jection which is 
covered in all cases).
2.1.4. Contactable edges ontheinstrument panel which will becovered byaninflated
airbag intheevent ofacollision shall beatleast blunted.
2.1.5. Contactable edges ofthesteering control shall berounded with aradius ofcurvatureEN 133 ENofatleast 2.5mm.
2.1.6. Contactable edges ofthesteering control which will becovered byaninflated
airbag intheevent ofacollision shall beatleast blunted.
2.1.7. Contactable edges ofvanes and openings ofventilati onoutlets shall beatleast
blunted.
2.2. Interior zone 2:
2.2.1. Inthiszone, aknee -form testing apparatus shall bemoved from anygiven starting
location inahorizontal andforward direction, while theorientation oftheX-axis of
thedevice may bevaried within thespecified limits. Allcontactable edges, except
those mentioned below, shall berounded with aradius ofcurvature ofatleast 3.2
mm. Contacts made with therearface ofthedevice shall bedisregarded.
2.2.2. Operating pedals andtheirfixtures shall bedisregarded.
2.3. Interior zone 3:
2.3.1. Inthiszone, ahead -form testing apparatus shall bemoved inalldirections possible.
Allcontactable edges, except those mentioned below, shall berounded with aradius
ofcurvature ofatleast3.2mm.
2.3.2. Contactable edges ontherearside ofseatstructures may alternativel ycomply with
thespecific requirements ofseatareas 1,2and3referred toinpoint 1.1.5.
Appendix 1—Testing apparatus
1. Knee -form testing apparatus
1.1. Diagram ofthetesting apparatus:
Figure 16-P1-Ap1-1EN 134 EN2. Procedure foruse:
2.1. Thetesting apparatus shall beplaced inanyposition sothat:
– plane X-X’remains parallel tothelongitudinal median plane ofthevehicle;
and
– axis Xcanberotated above andbelow thehorizontal through angles ofupto
30°.
Part2—Requirements for the approval of a t ype of vehicle with regard to doors
1. Requirements andtest
1.1. Vehicles ofcategor iesL2e, L5e,L6eandL7ewhich arefitted with doors shall meet
thefollowing requirements :
1.1.1. Each door shall befitted with adevice which keeps itinaclosed position. Adoor
may befitted with hinges and/or other retaining mechanisms, systems ordevices ,
andaclosed door may have gaps andopenings totheoutside .
1.1.2. Each door shall becapable ofwithstanding apush force of200daN, delivered bya
flat-ended ram applied inanoutward and horizontal (and thus inthevehicle’s
transverse )direction. The end oftheram shall have anoverall diameter not
exceedi ng50mm andmay have rounded edges. The force shall beapplied either
onto thedoor centre oratanother point inthetransverse vertical plane passing
through theR-point oftheseating position closest tothedoor inquestion ataheight
corresponding tothat oftheR-point orapoint upto500 mm above it.Interior
fittings, components orother elements which interfere with theapplication ofthe
force shall beremoved during thetest.
1.1.2.1. Thedevice ordevices which keep thedoor inaclosed positionshall notfail,release
oropen completel ywithin 0.2seconds ofreaching theminimum prescribed
application force andthedoor shall remain closed after removal oftheforce. Gaps
andopenings totheoutside duetoflexing ofmaterials arepermitted.EN 135 ENANNEX XVIII
Requirements regarding maximum continuous rated or net power and/or maximum vehicle
speed limitation bydesign
1. Requirements for the approval of a ty pe of vehicle with regard to maximum 
continuous rated or net power and/or maximum vehicle speed limitation by design
1.1. Vehicles ofthespecified categories shall comply with themaximum vehicle speed
and, ifapplicable, themaximum continuous rated or net power requirements in
Annex ItoRegulation (EU) No168/2013 .
1.1.1. Such vehicles shallbeequipped with devices which limit themaximum vehicle
speed thatcanbeattained onahorizontal, flatandsmooth surface and/or devices
which limit themaximum continuous rated or net power output.
1.1.2. Such devices shall operate onthefollowin gprinciples:
1.1.2.1. Forvehicles with positive -ignition engines propelling thevehicle either directl yor
through amechanical orhydraulic transmission :
Maximum vehicle speed and/or maximum power shall belimited byadjusting two
ormore ofthefollow ing:
– theproperties, timing orpresence ofthespark igniting thefuel/air mixture in
thecylinder(s);
– theamount ofairintake oftheengine;
– theamount offuelintake oftheengine; and
– theelectronicall yand/or mechanically  controlled output rotation speedof
thedrive -train,such asclutch, gearbox orfinal drive.
1.1.2.1.1. Adjustment ofthespark properties inorder tolimit themaximum design vehicle
speed and/or maximum power shall beallowed only for(sub)categories L3e-A3,
L4e-A3andL5e.
1.1.2. 2. For vehicles with compression -ignition engines propelling thevehicle either
directly orthrough amechanical orhydraulic transmission :
Maximum vehicle speed and/or maximum power shall belimited byadjusting two
ormore ofthefollowing:
– theamount ofairintake oftheengine;
– theamount offuelintake oftheengine; and
– theelectronicall yand/or mechanically  controlled output rotation speed of
thedrive -train,such asclutch, gearbox orfinal drive.
1.1.2.3. For vehicles which arepropelled bymeans ofone ormore electric motors,
including pure andhybridelectric vehicles :
Maximum vehicle speed and/or maximum power shall belimited bymeans oftwo
ormore ofthefollowing:
– reduction ofthemaximum power output ofone ormore electric motors
based onthevehicle orrotation speed assensed internally totheelectricEN 136 ENmotor;
– reduction ofthemaximum power output ofone ormore electric motors
based ontheactual vehicle speed assensed fullyexternal lytotheelectric
motor; and
– physical vehicle speed limitation bymeans ofinternal orexternal
components such asamaximum achievable revolution speed ofanelectric
motor.
1.1.2.4. Forvehicles which arepropelled bymeans other than those listed above :
Maximum vehicle speed and/or maximum power shall belimited bytwoormore
separate means, which shall asfaraspossible bebased ontheabove -mentioned
adjustment, reduction orphysical speed limitation principles.
1.1.2.5. Atleast two ofthelimitation methods used, asreferred toinpoint s1.1.2.1. to
1.1.2.4. ,shall operate independentl yofeach other ,bedifferent innature andhave
different design philosoph ies,although they may apply similar elements (e.g. both
methods based onthenotion ofspeed asacriterion, butonemeasured inside a
motor andtheother atthedrive -train gearbox). Failure ofonemethod towork as
intended (e.g. duetotampering) shall notimpair thelimitation function ofother
methods. Inthiscase,themaximum power and/or speed which canbeattained may
belower than unde rnormal conditions.
1.1.3. The maximum vehicle speed orpower shall not belimited bymeans ofa
mechanical throttle stop oranyother mechanical stop thatlimits theopening ofa
throttle torestrict theengine’s airintake.
1.1.4. The provision anduseofanyother means enabling thevehicle operator toadjust,
set,select oralter themaximum vehicle speed and/or maximum power limitation
directly orindirectly (e.g. high performance switch, special encoded recognition
transponder inignition key,physicalorelectronic jumper setting, selectable option
through electronic menu, programmable feature ofcontrol unit) isprohibited.
2. Requirements concerning t ype-approval demonstration
2.1. All items shall be verified. The vehicle manufacturer shall dem onstrate compliance 
with the specific requirements of point s 1.1. to 1.1.2.5. by proving that two or more 
of the methods implemented, by integrating specific devices and/or functions in the 
vehicle propulsion s ystem, ensure the required maximum continuous rated or net 
power and/or maximum vehicle speed limitation and that each method does so in a 
fully independent manner.
2.1.1. The vehicle manufacturer shall prepare the demonstration vehicle so as to ensure 
that only one method is applied during the type -approval test. The specific vehicle 
preparation and demonstration test shall be carried out in full agreement with the 
technical service.
2.1.2. The technical service may request the preparation and demonstration of additional 
failure modes which may be t he result of intentional tampering and may or may not 
cause damage to the vehicle.EN 137 ENANNEX XIX
Requirements regarding vehicle structure integrity
1. Requirements for the approval of a t ype of vehicle with regard to structural integrit y 
1.1. Vehicles shallbesodesigned and constructed astobesufficiently robust to
withstand their intended useover their normal lifetime ,taking into account regular
and scheduled maintenance and specific equipment adjustments clear lyand
unambiguous lysetoutintheinstruction manual provided with thevehicle. The
vehicle manufacturer shall provide asigned statement tothiseffect.
1.1.1. Vehicles ofcategory L1e-Aandcyclesdesigned topedal ofvehicle category L1e-B
shall bedesigned andconstructed astoconform withallprescriptions regarding 
strength and construction of front forks and frames asencompassed instandard EN
14766:2007 , specify ing safet y and performance requirements for the design, 
assembly , and testing of bicy cles and sub -assemblies intended for of f-road and
rough -terrain use. The prescriptions shall be applied to alltwo-wheel non -
recumbent vehicles , also when not intended for off -road or rough -terrain use .
1.1.2 . Cycles designed to pedal of vehicle category L1e-B shall have a mass in running 
order 35 kg and shall be fitted with pedals enabling the vehicle to be propelled 
solely bythe rider’s muscular leg power . The vehicle shall feature adjustable rider 
positioning in order to enhance the ergonomic posture of the rider for pedalling . 
The auxiliar y propulsion power shall be added to the driver's pedal power and shall 
be less than or equal to four times the actual pedal power.
1.2. Vehicle assembl yand construction intheassembly plant(s), inparticular the
processes relating tothevehicle frame, chassis and/or body andthedrivetrain, shall
becovered byaquality assurance system toensure that essential mechanical
connections such aswelds and threaded connections ,aswell asother relevant
material characteristics ,arechecked andverified asappropriate.
1.2.1. The requirements ofpoint 1.2. shall becovered bythevehicle manufacturer s’
obligations regarding theconformity ofproduction arrangements referred toin
Article 33ofRegulation (EU) No168/2013 .
1.3. Inaccordance with Annex VIII toRegulation (EU) No168/2013 ,thetype-approval
authority shall verify thatintheevent ofarecall duetoaserious safety risk, specific
analysisofvehicle structures, components and/or parts bymeans ofengineering
calculations, virtual testing methods and/or structural testing canupon request be
made available without delay tothe approval authority and the European
Commission.
1.4. Vehicle type-approval shall notbegranted ifthere isreason todoubt thatthevehicle
manufacturer isable tomakeavailable theanaly sisreferred toinpoint 1.3.This
doubt could relate either totheaccessibility ortheexistence ofsuch analy sis(e.g.
application fortype-approval ofalimited batch ofvehicles from anon-established
manufacturer represent edbyapartyunlikelytohave anymeaningful access tosuch
analysis).