IP/C/W/594/Add.7  
 
9 October 2013  
(13-5500)  Page: 1/16  
Council for Trade-Related Aspects of 
Intellectual Property Rights  Original: English  
 
  
REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 66.2  
OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT 
AUSTRALIA  
Addendum 
The following communication, dated 8 October 2013, is being circulated at the request of the 
delegation of Australia.  
_______________ 
  
1  INTRODUCTION 
1.1.  Australia is committed to implementing Arti cle 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement, and to sharing 
information with other WTO Members about its incentives and support for technology transfer to 
least developed countries (LDCs). The following report updates the report submitted by Australia in 
2012, to include the period 2012-13 and is submitted in accordance with paragraph one of the Decision of the Council for TRIPS of 19 February 2003 on the Implementation of Article 66.2 of the 
TRIPS Agreement (IP/C/28), which requires that developed country Members submit annual 
reports on actions taken or planned in pursuance of their obligations under Article 66.2. 
1.2.  In this report technology transfer is ta ken to include training, education and knowledge. 
Mindful that this is a broad definition, Australia has made an effort to focus on incentives for 
projects that include technical or technological components. 
2  AUSTRALIA'S INCENTIVES SYSTEM  2.1.  Australia's incentives to promote and encour age technology transfer to LDCs are primarily of 
a financial nature, consisting of grants and other funding to support projects that facilitate 
technology transfer. The majority of this funding comes from Australia's overseas aid programme, which is managed by the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID).  
2.2.  In addition to providing incentives for technology transfer, Australia supports the further 
development of intellectual property (IP) systems in countries in the Asia and Pacific Region, and 
more recently in Africa through cooperation with the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) (see Australia's report on the implementation of TRIPS Article 67). Strong IP 
systems give the private sector greater confidence th at IP rights will be protected. This confidence 
may encourage their entry into LDC markets and assist technology transfer through local employment and partnerships with local companies.   
2.3.  Australian Government agencies involved in providing these incentives include AusAID, IP 
Australia, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), the Department of 
Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) and th e National Health and Medical Research Council 
(NHMRC).  IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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  2.4.  Enterprises and institutions eligible for award of grants and other forms of funding to deliver 
projects and activities to facilitate technology transfer include government agencies and public 
institutions, non-government organizations, independent consultants and experts, universities and more. 
2.5.  It is worth noting that Australian aid has been untied since 2006, allowing non-Australian 
organizations to bid for contracts to supply goods and services under the bilateral and multilateral 
development assistance programmes. Consistent wi th this, Australia's aid-funded incentives for 
technology transfer are not exclusive to Australian institutions and enterprises, but are provided at 
both domestic and international levels.  
2.6.  Technology transfer is best fostered in an environment of good governance. Australia 
provides extensive governance capacity-building and technical assistance to LDCs, including 
programmes aimed at improving economic and fina ncial management, strengthening the rule of 
law and justice, increasing public sector effectiveness and developing civil society and human rights. While these programmes are not a focus of this report, Australia considers that they 
contribute to building more conducive environments for technology transfer. 
2.7.  The section that follows provides information on the Australia Government's support for 
technology transfer to LDCs by Australian instit utions and enterprises and includes examples of 
supported projects and activities to illuminate the functioning in practice of Australia's incentives. 
Although it is not possible to provide an exhaustive account of Australia's work in this area, this report provides a representative sample.  
3  AUSTRALIA'S SUPPORT FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO LEAST-DEVELOPED 
COUNTRIES 
Australia Awards
1 
3.1.  Australia considers that the education of LDC nationals at Australian universities and their 
training in the use and management of technologi cal equipment comprise two of the most effective 
means of transferring technology and knowledge, which can then be on-taught and diffused in LDC 
Member countries. 
3.2.  Scholarship funding enables citizens of LDCs to undertake study in Australia. In some cases, 
such as the Australia Awards Fellowships, Australian organizations must apply for funding to deliver programmes through a competitive grant process. 
3.3.  The Australia Awards provide educational, research and professional development 
opportunities to support growth in the region and to build enduring links at the individual, 
institutional and country levels. Australia Awards are intended to strengthen human resource development capacity, build partnerships and linkages, address regional priority issues and 
contribute to long-term development needs in partner countries. They include long-term awards 
(e.g. the Australia Awards Scholarships, and the Australia Awards Pacific Scholarships) and short term awards (such as the Australia Awards Fellowships). 
3.4.  A recent Australia Awards Fellowship offers  a good illustration of how Australia Awards can 
function as an incentive for technology transfer  to LDCs. In May 2013, the Queensland University 
of Technology delivered a six-week Fellows hip for eight officials ("Fellows") from The Gambia . 
This Fellowship, titled "Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights and Technology 
Commercialization in The Gambia" assisted Fellows from the Information Technology Association of 
The Gambia (ITAG) to gain functional and practical skills and knowledge in trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights. The Fellowship included a focus on intellectual property issues facing 
The Gambia and other parts of the region and ha d a strategic balance of theory and practice, 
including a tailored executive leadership component. The Fellowship provided an excellent opportunity for attendees, especially young professionals, to learn from Australian counterparts 
and take home skills that could be transferred to further developing a strong pool of professionals 
in The Gambia. This Fellowship will also enable Fellows from ITAG to assist clients in effectively 
                                               
1 Australia’s 2012 report included separate entries on the Australia Awards and Endeavour Awards. In 
this report both are included under the one banner as "Australia Awards". IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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  improving trade competitiveness, by addressing TRIPS issues on technology commercialization in 
industry and its implications on cross-country trade. 
3.5.  In 2013 Australia Awards provided around $A100 million to enable 1,575 students from LDCs 
to undertake study at Australian tertiary institutio ns. Forty-five of the 49 LDCs have students in 
the 2013 intake undertaking scholarship programme s. The table below provides more detail on 
how many students from which LDCs are in the 2013 intake. 
 
Australia Awards for Least Developed Countries 2013 Intake 
Least Developed Countries Long Term Short Term Total 
Afghanistan 1 1 2 
Angola 2 2 4 
Bangladesh 68 65 133 
Benin 0 6 6 
Bhutan 46 29 75 
Burkina Faso 1 7 8 
Burundi 9 6 15 
Cambodia 55 54 109 
Central African Republic 0 5 5 
Chad 0 1 1 
Comoros 0 2 2 
Congo (DRC) 0 7 7 
Djibouti 0 3 3 
Equatorial Guinea 0 0 0 
Ethiopia 20 62 82 
Gambia 9 10 19 
Guinea (Conakry/Republic of Guinea) 0 3 3 
Haiti 3 2 5 
Kiribati 27 14 41 
Lao PDR 48 18 66 
Lesotho 12 6 18 
Liberia 13 8 21 
Madagascar 0 18 18 
Malawi 36 25 61 
Mali 0 5 5 
Mauritania 0 3 3 
Mozambique 14 11 25 
Myanmar 34 95 129 
Nepal 32 54 86 
Niger 0 9 9 
Rwanda 12 7 19 
Samoa 45 5 50 
Sao Tome & Principe 0 4 4 
Senegal 0 8 8 
Sierra Leone 11 7 18 
Solomon Islands 64 36 100 
South Sudan 0 20 20 
Tanzania, United Republic of 36 77 113 IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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  Australia Awards for Least Developed Countries 2013 Intake 
Timor-Leste 24 22 46 
Togo 0 8 8 
Tuvalu 20 1 21 
Uganda 33 28 61 
Vanuatu 86 12 98 
Zambia 35 13 48 
Total 796 779 1575 
 
 
Public Sector Linkages Programme and Pa cific Public Sector Linkages Programme 
3.6.  The AusAID-managed Public Sector Linkages Programme (PSLP) is a competitive grants 
programme which supports Australian and state/territory government agencies (including public 
universities) to partner with public sector counterpart institutions in the Asia region, India and Latin America. The sister programme, the Pacific PSLP, also provides funds to Australian government agencies and universities to undertake work with Pacific counterparts and regional 
organizations. The PSLP and Pacific PSLP are now in the implementation phase, with no further 
rounds being offered.  
3.7.  The aims of the programmes are to build capa city within the public sector of developing and 
LDCs and foster links between Australian and partne r agencies. Supported activities can extend for 
up to three years with available funding of $A50,000 – $A250,000 per annum. Activities cover a 
wide range of sectors including health, education, agriculture, law and justice, financial regulation, 
infrastructure and resource management. Assistance is generally provided via short term training, 
workshops, regional forums, work secondments (for Australian and counterpart officers) and 
twinning and mentoring arrangements.  
3.8.  Least developed countries including Kiribati, Samoa, Vanuatu, Tuvalu, the Solomon 
Islands, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal and Timor-Leste  are beneficiaries of current or 
forthcoming PSLP-supported projects that provide technical assistance and training and facilitate technology transfer. For example, Vanuatu  and the Solomon Islands  are two of four countries 
participating in a project targeting improved food animal security. In partnership with an 
Australian university, the project is enhancing field and laboratory capability in animal health surveillance to allow assessment for trade in livestock and animal products. Another Australian 
University is working on an activity Extending the Capacity of the National Health 
Laboratory and Public Health Laboratory Network to Provide Communicable Disease 
Surveillance  in Timor-Leste . Senior staff members from the National Health Laboratory and 
Public Health Laboratory Network are receiving support to deliver in-house training with a focus on 
the diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis and micr obiology laboratory biosafety. Another activity 
that is being led by an Australian Government Department is developing national and regional strategies to manage sanitary and phytosanitary risks that can impede international trade. This 
activity is currently being implemented in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal . It will 
provide information on and promote national strategies to define plant health status, manage pest and disease risks associated with exports, de velop risk-based and effective quarantine, and 
establish phytosanitary systems that are credible to international trading partners.  
3.9.  Final rounds for the PSLP closed in March 2012 with 61 applicants from both Pacific and Asia 
PSLP successful in receiving funding. The Asia  and Pacific PSLP has been replaced by the 
Government Partnerships for Development Facility, which held its first annual round in 
February 2013.  
Australian Centre for Internat ional Agricultural Research 
3.10.  The charter of the Australian Centre for In ternational Agricultural Research (ACIAR) is to 
commission research that achieves more productive and sustainable agricultural systems for the 
benefit of developing countries and Australia th rough international agricultural research and 
training partnerships. Australian and international scientists are encouraged to use their skills for 
the benefit of developing countries. Australia is a world leader in agricultural research, and much IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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  of Australian scientists' expertise is relevant to challenges encountered in countries across the 
Asia-Pacific and beyond. Total ODA for ACIAR in 2012-13 was approximately $A93 million, and in 2012-13 ACIAR projects were in place in the following LDCs: Burundi; Ethiopia; Malawi; 
Mozambique; Rwanda; Uganda; United Republic  of Tanzania; Afghanistan; Bangladesh; 
Bhutan; Cambodia; Kiribati; Lao People's Demo cratic Republic; Myanmar; Nepal; Samoa; 
Solomon Islands; Timor-Leste ; and Vanuatu .  
3.11.  As an example of an ACIAR programme th at is facilitating technology development and 
transfer within and among LDCs, the Australian International Food Security Research Centre 
(AIFSRC) within ACIAR has commissioned the $A3. 9 million research programme "Farm power and 
conservation agriculture for sustainable intensific ation" (FACASI). which will identify appropriate 
small-scale machines (e.g. two-wheel tractors) to improve farming practices (such as planting, 
harvesting, milling and transporting), and the commercial mechanisms needed to deliver these to 
smallholder farmers. The project will identify o pportunities to create new markets for equipment 
and services, and supporting policies and networks. Focal countries of this partnership programme 
include LDCs Ethiopia  and Tanzania ; the project will also be implemented in Kenya and 
Zimbabwe. 
3.12.  Another example of an ACIAR project is the $A2.5 million research programme "Enhancing 
livelihoods and food security from agroforestry and community forestry in Nepal" implemented in 
the Middle Hills of Nepal , which is home to 44.2% of Nepal's population, 66% of whom derive 
their livelihood largely from a combination of agriculture and forest products. This project has three main objectives, to improve the capacity of household-based agroforestry systems, the 
functioning of community-based forestry systems, and the productivity of and equitable access to 
under-utilized agricultural land. The research will focus on tree-crop-livestock interactions, community forest management, forestry product marketing, policy and regulatory constraints, and 
under-utilization of arable land. 
3.13.  The Australian International Food Security  Research Centre (AIFSRC) within ACIAR is 
funding a $A3 million research project "Identifying socioeconomic constraints to and incentives for 
faster technology adoption: Pathways to sustainable intensification in eastern and Southern 
Africa", implemented in the LDCs Ethiopia, Malawi, Tanzania , and Mozambique , and also 
implemented in Kenya. This Adoption Pathways project builds on the ACIAR $A22 million research programme 'Sustainable Intensification of Maize-Legume cropping systems for food security in 
Eastern and Southern Africa' ( http://aciar.gov.au/page/simlesa-program ) and provides an 
evidence-based understanding of the incentives and barriers to adoption of agricultural innovations 
by smallholder farmers. The aim of this project is to better understand how smallholders make 
decisions about their farming practices, particul arly adopting new technologies or practices. 
3.14.  The current $A4 million Afghanistan  programme will focus on crop and livestock 
intensification and better water management through improving the sustainable productivity of 
Afghan farming systems in water scarce environments through adaptive research. This programme 
is currently supported by two interlinked projects that bring together Australian, international and Afghan institutions. One project aims to improve the sustainability of wheat and maize production, 
through deploying robust and productive disease-resistant varieties, and by improving wheat-
breeding programmes and crop husbandry practices. The other project is investigating community 
interventions aimed at diversifying cropping syst ems, increasing water-use efficiency and building 
the long-term sustainability of agricultural systems through improved integrated catchment 
management and agronomic practice. 
African Food Security Initiative (AFSI) 3.15.  AusAID and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), 
Australia's national science agency, have formed a $A32 million, four-year research partnership to 
foster long term change in Africa's agriculture sector. The research partnership is about helping African research institutes and African farmers solve Africa's agriculture and livestock challenges. CSIRO is leading the partnership research with two African institutions: the West and Central 
African Council for Agricultural Research and Development (CORAF/WECARD), which coordinates 
and facilitates research in West and Central Africa, and Biosciences eastern and central Africa (the BecA Hub), a Bioscience research centre managed by and hosted at the International Livestock 
Research Institute (ILRI) in East and Central Africa. IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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  3.16.  The research focus has been designed by  African agricultural stakeholders and farmers 
working with African research institutes together with CSIRO's world class expertise in biosciences 
and tropical farming systems. The research projects align with the priorities of the Comprehensive 
Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), the agricultural development framework of 
the African Union's New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD). 
3.17.  The research projects reflect farmer n eeds and the importance of agricultural farming 
systems, human nutrition and animal health. Austra lian scientists offer important skills due to the 
very strong similarities between Australia and the sub-humid to semi-arid zones across sub-
Saharan Africa in terms of climate and soils. CSIRO's scientists provide world class expertise in farming systems, nutrition science and livesto ck health. Through CORAF/WECARD and BecA, 
CSIRO's scientists are supporting over 30 African institutions across 35 countries. 
3.18.  The partnership model developed and implemented by CSIRO has supported increased 
linkages between CSIRO, AusAID in Accra and Nairobi, and African collaborators. This new model is generating improvements in project design and quality of the science, bringing new perspectives 
and networks in biosciences, improving communications and developing pathways to impact.  
AFSI Research Projects 3.19.  Thirteen research projects have commen ced under the AFSI. Overall the projects deliver 
into 18 countries ( Benin , Burkina Faso , Burundi , Cameroon, Chad , the Democratic Republic 
of the Congo (DRC) , Kenya, Gambia , Ghana, Mali, Niger , North Sudan , Nigeria, Rwanda , 
Senegal , South Sudan , Tanzania  and Uganda ) and involve over 100 partners ranging from 
African universities, national agricultural/veterinary agencies, sub-regional agencies, regional 
partners, and international organizations, as well as NGOs and agribusiness partners 
3.20.  CSIRO and CORAF/WECARD  are working together to support the development of a 
programme of farming systems and animal health research and development and related capacity 
building for West and Central Africa. In these re gions the programme is addressing agricultural 
issues in Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad, Cameroon,  Benin , Ghana  and Gambia . 
These regions share remarkably similar climate and soils to large agro-ecological zones in 
Australia, where CSIRO has significant farming systems expertise. CSIRO is working with the 
national research institutes, NGOs and farmer groups to improve production by assessing potential innovations in cropping and livestock markets. The projects include:  
 Understanding the roadblocks to adoption of improved seed varieties in West Africa, 
enabling farmers to grow more grain – Mali, Burkina Faso , Ghana, Cameroon 
($US1.3 million). 
 Sustainable integration of cereal-livestock tree systems to improve income and yields for 
smallholder farmers – Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal, Cameroon ($US2.01 
million). 
 Sustainable integration of crops and livestock to improve productivity, income and 
reduce risk for households – Burkina Faso, Senegal, Cameroon,  Nigeria , Chad  
($US2.09 million).  
 Integrated dual-purpose legumes into farming systems to improve nitrogen nutrition in 
crops and protein n animals – Ghana,  Benin, Mali, Gambia  ($US 1.2 million). 

 Sustainable intensification of tress in farming systems to diversify incomes and improve 
environmental outcomes for smallholder farmers – Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal, 
Niger  ($US2.5 million). 
 Integrated approached to controlling tick-bor ne diseases to improve livestock production 
and in inform policies and national legal frameworks – Benin, Burkina Faso , Cameroon 
($US500,000). IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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  3.21.  The research projects align producers and end users at the centre of research and 
incorporate socio-economic, agronomic and bio-physical science, as well as training for farmers and researchers in project development and design. 
3.22.  CSIRO and BecA are working together to support the development of a programme of 
biosciences and animal health nutrition research and development and related capacity building for 
East and Central Africa. The focus of the partnership is to enhance research and building capacity in both the improvement of food and nutritional se curity via improved nutritional quality of foods, 
increased uptake of nutritional foods across the value chain and improved approaches for 
management and treatment of priority animal diseases for sub-Saharan Africa. The research is focused on addressing these issues in Tanzania , Kenya, Uganda , Burundi , Cameroon and the  
Democratic Republic of Congo . Research projects include: 
 Domestic cavies [guinea pigs]: improving production, nutritional protein and income for 
women and teenagers – Cameroon, the DRC ($US844,000). 
 Indigenous edible mushrooms: exploring oppo rtunities for domestication to diversify. 
nutrition and increase income for women – Kenya, Tanzania , Burundi  ($US660,000). 
 Addressing aflotoxin contamination in East Africa: improving livelihoods of more than 11 
million small holder farmers – Kenya, Tanzania  ($US2.1 million). 
 African swine fever: reducing the disease risks and impact benefiting smallholder 
farmers in more than 20 countries across Africa – Kenya, Uganda ($US925,000). 
 Amaranth: adding nutrition to African diet s and improving income for women through 
low-cost sustainable processing and marketing opportunities – Kenya, Tanzania  
($US657,000). 
The Africa Biosciences Challenge Fund 3.23.  Through the AFSI, BecA and CSIRO formalized the Africa Biosciences Challenge Fund (ABCF) 
to support and build critical research capability in African institutions. The success and influence of 
the ABCF is demonstrated by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's agreement to fund two research projects through BecA that originated via the ABCF. Other initiatives such as the African 
Women in Agricultural Research and Developm ent Programme (AWARD), the Association for 
Strengthening Agricultural Research in Easter n and Central Africa (ASARECA) and the United 
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) are now investing in the ABCF by co-financing the placement of African scientist s at the BecA Hub, demonstrating the impact of 
AusAID's initial funding of the ABCF.  
3.24.  The ABCF provides scientists and science gr aduate students from African national research 
institutes and universities with access to the world-class biosciences facilities at the BecA Hub. It is 
a competitive fund which supports short or long-term fellowships, pilot project grants and training. 
This includes significant capacity strengthening activities including training workshops, short courses involving Australian research experts and fellowship placements as well as increased 
efforts in communication activities in Australia and Africa. Capacity on the ground has increased 
considerably and the ABCF has attracted over 2000 applications for the various capacity building workshops held in Nairobi and Addis Ababa. As at September 2013, a total of 308 recipients have attended these training workshops and BecA will  accommodate about 87 Fellows at the Hub. Over 
15 eastern and central African countries have benefited from the short training courses and ABCF 
fellowship. Research and capacity building through the ABCF is being achieved via three streams:  
 Hands-on training workshops;  
 fellowships for African scientists to undertake research at the Hub; and 
 visits by Hub scientists to BecA countries for institutional capacity building, to raise 
awareness of the Hub, and to identify regional needs and talents. IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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  Policy pathways for food security in West Africa 
3.25.  In 2013 the Australian Government commissioned CSIRO to conduct a $4.8 million policy 
pathway for food security in West Africa (PPFS) project. The project will be implemented by four research agencies (CSIRO, CILSS, CORAF and CIRAD
2). The goal of the PPFS project is to facilitate 
the participatory development of a coherent set of policy pathways within the Government of 
Burkina Faso to achieve a food-secure future.  
3.26.  The project is focused on actions that ca n be taken to build food security over time, 
including: 
 Identifying desirable attributes of a food-secure future for Burkina Faso; 
 developing alternative policy pathways for achieving a food-secure future;  
 defining specific policy interventions necessary to implement these pathways; and 
 sharing this learning with other countries across West Africa. 
 3.27.  It is expected that this project will deve lop a new cohort of scientific, technical and policy 
specialists working to improve food security in Burkina Faso and the broader region.  
 Cambodia Agricultural Value Chain Programme  
3.28.  AusAID funding of $A48 million is supporting the Cambodia Agricultural Value Chain 
Programme (CAVAC) (2007-2014), which aims to increase farmer incomes in rice-based farming systems by accelerating growth in the value of agricultural production. CAVAC strengthens market 
connections that promote greater investment and add value along specific product value chains 
that link suppliers to farmers and farmers to consumers. CAVAC provides assistance in four areas 
(agribusiness, water management and irrigation , research and extension, and business enabling 
environment) in the provinces of Kampot, Takeo and Kampong Thom. CAVAC not only builds on 
past achievements, it reflects what Australia has learnt from over 20 years of engagement in 
Cambodia's agriculture sector as well as the rapi dly changing context of agriculture in Cambodia.  
The International Plant Health Programme (Asia-Pacific) 
3.29.  The Australian Government's International Plant Health Programme (IPHP) continues to 
engage biosecurity counterparts in the Asia-Pacific to strengthen regional biosecurity and quarantine capacity through the delivery of plant surveillance activities, remote microscopy diagnostics, plant pest diagnostic training and biosecurity strengthening activities. Timor-Leste and 
the Solomon Islands (as well as Papua New Guinea) have major capacity constraints which impede 
delivery of their core plant health and quaranti ne functions. These include limited technical 
surveillance and diagnostic capabilities, limited access to surveillance and diagnostic equipment 
and limited data management and analysis capabili ties. The IPHP continues to identify and address 
these capacity constraints through the delivery of collaborative surveillance, diagnostic and operational support activities.  
3.30.  Recent activities undertaken by Australi a through the IPHP and involving LDCs include: 
 Plant Health Surveillance Activity and Plant Pest Diagnostic Training covering plant 
pathology conducted in Timor-Leste  in March 2013; 
 Plant Health Surveillance Activity, Cocoa Pod Border Survey and Plant Pest Diagnostic 
Training conducted in the Solomon Islands  in February 2012; 
 Plant Health Surveillance Activities in various provinces in Papua New Guinea in June 
2013 and a Remote Microscopy Equipment Installation in June 2013 in Timor Leste, 
which included participants from LDCs ( Timor-Leste  and Papua New Guinea ); 
                                               
2 CILSS - Comité Inter-Etats pour la Lutte contre la Sécheresse au Sahel, CORAF/WECARD - West and 
Central African Council for Agricultural Research an d Development, CIRAD – Le Centre de coopération 
Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement. IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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   Plant Pest Diagnostic Training covering plant pathology, entomology and botany 
conducted in Indonesia in February 2012, which included participants from LDCs (Timor-Leste ); and 
 Solomon Islands Biosecurity Development Programme (SI-BDP), delivering a 
comprehensive biosecurity support project to the Solomon Islands Agriculture 
Quarantine Service (SIAQS) from 2013-2016 ( Solomon Islands ).  
3.31.  These surveillance and diagnostics activities were funded primarily through AusAID with 
additional equipment and 'in-kind' scientific and technical support being provided by Australia's 
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF). IPHP activities planned for mid to late 2013 include Plant Health Surveillance Activities in Papua New Guinea, Timor Leste  and the 
Solomon Islands . 
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Capaci ty Building Programme (SPS CBP) 
3.32.  The SPS CBP is a multi-year, AusAID-funded, regional Programme managed by the 
Technical Capacity Building Section within DAFF. The Programme assists ASEAN focal countries to 
describe and manage their animal and plant health status, and implement SPS measures 
consistent with international standards and the expectations of trading partners. 
3.33.  During 2013 high resolution microscopes and equipment for remote microscopy (e.g. 
remote microscopy units, digital cameras) have been provided to diagnostic laboratories in 
Vietnam. Additional microscopes will be provided to Lao PDR in the near future to assist with pest identification. The Programme also supports the im plementation of an Association of Southeast 
Asian Nations (ASEAN) Regional Diagnostics Network, which is of significant benefit to South-East 
Asian LDCs, including Cambodia  and Lao, People's Democratic Republic  (see next item). 
ASEAN Regional Diagnostic Network Project 3.34.  The AANZFTA Economic Cooperation Support Programme (AECSP) is an AusAID-funded, 
five-year, regional programme helping to implement the AANZFTA. The AECSP provides technical 
assistance and capacity building to developing ASEAN countries to ensure that the benefits of the Agreement are realized. The AECSP commenced in 2010. 
3.35.  With funding from the AECSP Australia is leading a project to develop the ASEAN Regional 
Diagnostic Network for plant pests and diseases. This project will provide plant health and quarantine agencies in all South-East Asian countries with access to diagnostic skills residing in other ASEAN countries, Australia and New Zeal and. Least-developed countries such as Myanmar , 
Lao, People's Democratic Republic  and Cambodia  stand to reap maximum advantage because 
they have few diagnostic experts or specialist labo ratories of their own. The project provides a new 
framework for utilization of technologies such as remote microscopy and molecular diagnostics. 
The Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, the Plant Biosecurity 
Cooperative Research Centre, the Victorian Department of the Environment and Primary 
Industries, CSIRO and the University of Adelaide will assist with delivery of the project. The 
Diagnostic Network project commenced in 2011 and comprises capacity building, in particular, to 
improve the skills of front-line identifiers and spec ialist diagnosticians on plant pests and diseases, 
and to develop low-cost, diagnostic resources. Project priorities are based on extensive consultation across all ASEAN countries. 
3.36.  Between September 2012 and September 2 013, plant health workshops and activities 
funded by the AECSP have included diagnostic wo rkshops on pest nematodes (Bangkok, Thailand), 
DNA extraction and barcoding (Bekasi, Indonesia), remote microscopy (Bangkok; Hanoi, Vietnam; 
and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia), scale insects and mites of agricultural importance (Kuala Lumpur 
and Columbus, United States), plant viruses (Ban gkok and Yangon, Myanmar) and a bacterial wilt 
of corn diagnostic protocol (Bangkok). The South-East Asian LDCs have benefited through 
participation in these activities. IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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  Guidelines for surveillance for plant pests in Asia and the Pacific 
3.37.  With assistance from ACIAR and the Aust ralian Rural Industries Research and Development 
Corporation, DAFF developed a manual (Guidelines for surveillance for plant pests in Asia and the Pacific) to assist plant health scientists to devise scientifically credible pest surveillance activities. 
The Guidelines provides explanatory text, a de cision tree and numerous 'best-practice' case 
studies to assist scientists to operationalize the general prescriptions of several International Phytosanitary Standards, especially ISPM 5 and ISPM  6. Lao, French and Arabic translations of the 
Guidelines are underway. The French and Arabic transl ations will be of particular benefit to African 
LDCs. 
Fisheries Management in South East Asia 
3.38.  In 2011 DAFF commissioned Australia-based expert consultants to undertake a $A150,000 
study on "Net Returns – A Human Capacity Deve lopment Framework for Marine Capture Fisheries 
Management in South East Asia". The overarching purpose was to facilitate knowledge transfer to the eleven countries that participate in the "Regio nal Plan of Action to Promote Responsible Fishing 
Practices including Combating Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported Fishing in the Region" (RPOA). 
These include Cambodia  and Timor-Leste , and the Solomon Islands  is an observer. The 
project was targeted to inform fisheries management agencies, development assistance donor 
agencies, technical institutions and others involved in fisheries sector capacity development on the 
priorities to strengthen marine capture fisher ies management at the provincial, regional and 
national levels. 
National Health and Medical Research Council Grants Targeting Global Health 
3.39.  The National Health and Medical Resear ch Council (NHMRC), Australia's leading funding 
agency promoting the development and maintenance of public and individual health standards, 
provides financial incentives for international research collaborations, including with researchers in 
LDCs, through project grants targeting global health. In 2011, NHMRC allocated approximately 
$A13.5 million for projects focusing specifically on health issues in developing countries in Asia and the Pacific. Two grants with a combined value of approximately $A3.45 million were awarded to an 
Australian university for projects focused on an LDC ( Bangladesh ). 
3.40.  The grants targeting global health are intended to encourage research collaborations 
focusing on the health and medical research needs of developing and least developed countries, and thereby enable the technological exchange needed to improve health outcomes in those 
countries. Applications must be for research that addresses major health burdens in developing 
countries in Asia and the Pacific and the research must centre in the developing country. Applications must also detail plans for involving researchers in those countries. 
The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases 
3.41.  The NHMRC is a current member of the Gl obal Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD), which 
supports international and interdisciplinary collaborations in research focusing on chronic non-
communicable diseases. Work of the GACD focu ses on the needs of Low and Middle Income 
Countries (LMICs) and on low-income populations in more developed countries. In 2011, NHMRC committed A$5 million for research on the implementation of programmes designed to control and prevent hypertension and reduce the associated disease burden in target communities. One grant 
(approximate value $A1 million) was awarded to an Australian university research project on 
reducing salt intake in Fiji and  LDC Samoa .  
Cambodia Delivering Better Health Project 
3.42.  AusAID is providing $A100 million for the Cambodia  Delivering Better Health Initiative 
(2007-2016) involving knowledge transfer activities to the health sector. The project is intended to 
deliver strengthened health systems and traini ng for midwives and health care workers. 
Anticipated outcomes include reduced maternal an d child mortality and improved access by the 
poor to health services, health insurance and othe r essential services. Australian partners involved 
in the project include NGOs CARE Australia, Save the Children Australia, Marie Stopes International Australia. IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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  Periodic Funding for Humanitarian Assistance to Burma/Myanmar 
3.43.  AusAID's Periodic Funding for Humanitarian Assistance to Burma/ Myanmar  (PFHAB) is a 
$A12 million NGO cooperation agreement established in 2007 and continuing until 2014. Through PFHAB, Australian NGOs are being funded to deliver projects focusing on health, livelihoods and 
strengthening local civil society in Myanmar. The "Mobilizing Community Capacities for Health" 
(approximately $A2.3 million over six years), impl emented by CARE Australia, delivers specialized 
capacity building training to improve health  knowledge and practices and community health 
management of targeted communities. The "Southern Chin Livelihood Security Project" 
(approximately $A3.8 million over six years), al so implemented by CARE Australia, aims to 
improve food security, economic opportuniti es and related health needs in targeted 
communities. The "Strengthening HIV Response s through Partnership" (approximately $A2.3 
million over six years), delivered by the Burnet Institute, aims to strengthen the technical capacity 
of selected civil society partners to be able to deliver quality HIV prevention, care and support programmes through capacity building-training, coaching, mentoring and technical assistance. The 
"Mobilizing Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health in Burma/Myanmar' (approximately $A2.4 
million over six years), implemented by Marie Stop es International Australia, aims to improve the 
sexual and reproductive health by increasing ad option of safe sexual and reproductive health 
practices through the use of quality and accessible sexual and reproductive health services.  
Research for Deve lopment Alliance 
3.44.  The CSIRO-AusAID Research for Development Alliance is a strategic partnership that aims 
to improve the impact of aid. With AusAID funding of approximately $A19.5 million, the Alliance 
aims to tackle important development challenges in the Asia-Pacific region through improved 
knowledge of climate, water and energy sy stems and by better understanding people's 
vulnerabilities and options to adapt and manage their natural environment.  
3.45.  One Alliance project being delivered to  an LDC is the $A2.27 million (approximately) 
Bangladesh  Integrated Water Resources Assessment. This joint project involves CSIRO in 
Australia and the Bangladeshi Water Resources Planning Organization, the Bangladesh Water 
Development Board, the Institute of Water Modelling Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies 
and the Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services in Bangladesh.  
3.46.  The project is addressing knowledge gaps identified in Bangladesh's National Water 
Management Plan in climate change impacts, groundwater resources at the national scale, and 
how surface water and groundwater resources interact. Bringing together hydrological, hydro-
geological, socio-economic, climatic and social data into a spatial model, the project team is assessing the impact of climate change scenario s and exploring development scenarios to inform 
policy options for a more equitable and economically  efficient use of Bangladesh's water resources. 
The project is increasing the capacity of local and national water institutions to carry out an integrated water resources assessment; downscale the future climate data and assess the impact 
of climate change; apply advanced remote sensing technologies for water demand assessment; 
and assess large-scale groundwater resources. 
3.47.  From 2013, a new CSIRO-AusAID Alliance will  build on this previous work and other projects 
completed under the Alliance through the following projects: 
 
 Exploring Mekong Futures; 
 
 Climate Adaptation through Sustainable Urban Development for Vietnam; 
 
 Climate Projections: High Resolution Downscaling for Vietnam;  
 
 Climate Adaptation Strategies for Rural Livelihoods in Indonesia. 
 3.48.  New funding for the Alliance will further de velop capability and impact in key areas and will 
be done by carrying out synthesis, cross-learni ng and integration across the Alliance suite of 
projects. The combination of CSIRO science wi th AusAID development skills/networks in a 
collaborative partnership builds the evidence base for aid programming to address critical 
development challenges, and will contribute to sustainability of results by strengthening capability 
in partner country institutions. The ultimate beneficiaries are poor people in partner countries who IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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  are vulnerable to food and water insecurity and climate change impacts. These benefits will accrue 
by improving the impact of aid specifically (inf ormed by a stronger evidence base) and partner 
country development more broadly by building th e skills and networks of in-country partners. 
 
Australia-Africa Community  Engagement Scheme 
 3.49.  The Australia-Africa Community Engagement Scheme ($A90 million) is a scheme for 
partnering with Australian NGOs to support their work in Africa, including a number of 
programmes on food security and climate change, health and water and sanitation. For the period 2011-16 these include: 
 An ActionAid Australia programme in Kenya and the Uganda  to support farmers to 
increase sustainable crop yields and build ability to influence government climate change 
programmes. 
 An Australian Foundation for the Peoples of Asia and the Pacific (AFAP) programme in 
Malawi , Mozambique  and Zimbabwe to support sustainable agriculture, improve 
women's and children's access to health services and provide access to safe water. 
 A CARE Australia programme to support women in Ethiopia , Malawi , and Tanzania  to 
grow sustainable crops, access financial services, and develop strategies to reduce the 
impact of climate change on livelihoods. 
 A Caritas Australia programme to provide access to clean water, support poor farmers to 
increase food production, and protect land and water from climate change impacts in 
Malawi  and Tanzania . 
 A WaterAid Australia programme in Malawi , Tanzania  and Ghana to improve access to 
safe water and appropriate sanitation. This in cludes transfer of knowledge and skills on 
the construction of disability inclusive facilities and climate change adaptation. 
International Climate Change  Adaptation Initiative 
3.50.  The International Climate Change Adaptation Initiative (ICCAI), which is jointly managed by 
the Department of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science, Research and Tertiary 
Education and AusAID, is providing $A328.2 million  over five years (2008-13) to fund programmes 
and activities that assist vulnerable countries, particularly small island states and developing and least developed countries, adapt to the unavoidable impacts of climate change. One of the 
objectives of the initiative is to "improve scientific information and understanding, including where 
appropriate, through technology transfer". In recent years ICCAI funding has supported a number 
of projects involving scientific training, capacity building and knowledge transfer to LDCs. 
3.51.  One such programme is the $A32 million Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and 
Adaptation Planning (PACCSAP) programme, which is  being delivered in partnership with a number 
of organizations including Australia's Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) and CSIRO. Building on the 
work of the $A20 million Pacific Climate Change Science Programme implemented in 2008-2012, 
PACCSAP aims to develop the capacity of scientis ts, decision-makers and planners from 14 Pacific 
island countries and Timor-Leste to access and apply climate information and tools to identify and develop in-country adaptation responses. Partner countries include LDCs Timor-Leste, Kiribati, 
Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu . The PACCSAP also works in close 
cooperation with regional Pacific organizations, the German international development agency as well as the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.   
Community-based Climate Change Action Grants 
3.52.  AusAID is providing approximately $A34 million in grants to Australian and international 
non-government organizations in the Pacific, Timor-Leste , the Philippines and Vietnam under the 
Community-based Climate Change Action Grants Programme. The programme is helping to build 
the resilience of communities to the impacts of climate change through community-based disaster risk reduction, food and water security, agricultural productivity and ecosystem-based adaptation activities. Under this programme, support has been pr ovided for projects in LDCs in the Pacific and 
Southeast Asia, including Timor-Leste, Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu . Most IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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  projects have a small component dedicated to the transfer of small-scale technologies, such as 
climate resilient agricultural technologies to improve long-term food security. 
4  AUSTRALIAN SUPPORT FOR MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS AND INITIATIVES 
FACILITATING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 
4.1.  In addition to offering incentives and support for Australian institutions and enterprises to 
transfer technology to LDCs, the Australian Gove rnment provides funding and technical support to 
a number of multilateral organizations and initiatives that facilitate technology transfer to 
developing and least developed countries. The following paragraphs provide examples. 
Australia-WIPO Funds-in-Trust 4.2.  Promotion of technology transfer is a theme within the Australian World Intellectual Property 
Organization (WIPO) Funds-in-Trust, established in June 2012 with a $A2 million contribution from 
Australia. One of the themes of activity under th e Australian Funds-in-Trust (knowledge transfer 
and commercialization) aims to help LDCs and developing countries develop skills for negotiating technology transfer and assist them to find appropriate technologies and collaborative or 
commercial partners, to acquire technical scientific research skills. Some of these activities are 
reported in Australia's report on the implemen tation of Article 67 of the TRIPS Agreement, 
however those relevant to technology tran sfer are included here for completeness. 
4.3.  The following activities have been undertaken thus far: 
 A seminar for a delegation of officials from Vietnam to promote an understanding of how IP 
protection and exploitation can lead to economic benefits for a country and its enterprises, IP protection strategies and IP commercialization strategies; 
 a national workshop on intellectual property and technology management for universities 
and research and development institutions in Jakarta, Indonesia; 
 national training on "Successful Technology Transfer" in Bangkok, Thailand; and 
 a national workshop on intellectual property valuation in both Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, 
Vietnam  
4.4.  Addressing neglected tropical diseases is another priority for the Australian Funds-in-Trust, 
which will provide support to the WIPO Re:Search, a consortium in which public and private sector 
organizations share intellectual property and expert ise with the global health research community 
to promote development of new drugs, vaccines and diagnostics to treat neglected tropical diseases, malaria and tuberculosis. The objective is to assist WIPO to effectively use IP to address 
a global health challenge which affects many LD Cs. A further allied objective is to promote 
technology transfer for scientists, particularly those from LDCs. The Australian Funds-in-Trust is supporting research scientists in undertaking placements at some of the world's top 
pharmaceutical research laboratories and universities while they research neglected tropical 
diseases, malaria and tuberculosis. This includes: 
 Placement of a Ghanian university lecturer at the University of California San Francisco 
Liver Centre; 
 placement of an Egyptian professor at the Stan ford University to work on the effects of 
schistosomiasis infections; 
 placement of one researcher from Cameroon and from Nigeria with Novartis (Basel, 
Switzerland) to assist them learn about drug discovery and development; 
 placement of a post-doctoral fellow from South Africa with AstraZeneca (Bangalore, 
India) to work in the area of discove ry of inhibitors for tuberculosis.  
Australian Nuclear Science an d Technology Organization 
4.5.  The Australian Nuclear Science and Technolo gy Organization (ANSTO) is a public research 
organization and the centre of Australian nuclear  expertise. ANSTO provides expert scientific and IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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  technical policy advice to the Australian Government in relation to all matters within the ambit of 
nuclear science and technology, and supports the Government in undertaking its regional and international role and obligations. ANSTO undertakes projects, including with LDCs, to share knowledge and know-how and transfer technology regarding the safe and peaceful use of nuclear 
technology. 
4.6.  ANSTO participates in projects under the Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA), most 
notably through leadership of a project on Safety Management Systems (SMS) for Nuclear 
Facilities (2009-14). The FNCA SMS project is a cooperative effort between developed and 
developing countries, including LDCs such as Bangladesh , to identify and share key aspects of 
safety management systems for nuclear facilities, such as research reactors, in order to help achieve improved safety at such facilities. It do es this by developing peer review methodologies 
for nuclear safety management and then, by mu tual agreement, performing peer reviews at 
designated institutes in project countries. Other FNCA projects in which ANSTO provides technical expertise to developing countries cover the areas of radiation safety and radioactive waste 
management, research reactor applicatio ns, and human resource development. 
4.7.  ANSTO has also provided assistance to neighbouring countries in establishing the capability 
to securely manage radioactive sources, working in Cambodia, Vietnam, Fiji, Indonesia, Malaysia, 
Papua New Guinea, Philippines and Thailand fr om 2004 to 2013. The Regional Security of 
Radioactive Sources (RSRS) Project has helped South-East Asian and Pacific countries, including LDCs such as Cambodia , develop the capacity for and begin im plementation of regulatory, safety 
and security requirements to ensure radioactive sources used in medicine, industry, education and 
research are managed securely according to international best practice.  
4.8.  ANSTO also participates more broadly in the transfer of nuclear technology for peaceful 
purposes under the Technical Cooperation Programme  of the International Atomic Energy Agency 
(IAEA), and particularly through the associated Regional Co-operative Agreement for Research, 
Development and Training Related to Nuclear Sc ience and Technology for Asia and the Pacific 
(RCA). The RCA is an intergovernmental agreement of 18 Member States in the East-Asia and 
Pacific region and facilitates training projects in nuclear applications to developing Member States. 
ANSTO provides expert assistance to three current RCA projects covering the Health and Environment thematic sectors. 
4.9.  ANSTO also supports the IAEA's Fellowships and Scientific Visitors programme where training 
fellowships and scientific visits are awarded by the IAEA as part of a technical cooperation project, 
or on an individual basis, to assist in the nuclear science and technology development of a developing Member State. Apart from administrative support to facilitate the programme 
throughout Australia, ANSTO also hosts and trains Fellows and Scientific Visitors across a broad 
range of nuclear science and technology disciplines. During the past year Australia has hosted 29 Fellows/Scientific Visitors, 11 trained by ANSTO (all from within the Asia-Pacific region, six from 
Indonesia). 
National Measurement Institute 4.10.  The National Measurement Institute (NMI) within the Department of Industry, Innovation, 
Climate Change, Science, Research and Tertiary Education serves as Australia's representative to 
peak international and regional forums in metrology (measurement science). In this capacity NMI 
is a member of, and lead player in, two peak re gional metrology bodies: the Asia Pacific Legal 
Metrology Forum (APLMF) and the Asia-Pacific Me trology Programme (APMP), which involve 20-25 
economies from the Asia Pacific, including developing and least developed economies. NMI experts 
have been actively involved in technology tran sfer activities under the auspices of APMP and 
APLMF, as well as bilateral and multilateral technical assistance projects and training. The projects 
have primarily been aimed at developing scientific measurement and legal metrology capabilities 
and providing expert advice and consultancies to  counterpart national metrology institutes and 
legal metrology authorities. NMI experts have also been involved in technology transfer activities through the APEC Food Safety Cooperation Forum.  
 IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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  International Renewable Energy Agency 
4.11.  The Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism (RET) leads the Australian Government's 
engagement with the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). IRENA is a treaty level organization founded in 2009 with a mission to promote the increased adoption and sustainable 
use of all forms of renewable energy technologi es. IRENA has 161 Members or Signatories to their 
Statute. Australia ratified the IRENA Treaty on 6 January 2011 and participates in the Assembly, the decision-making body of IRENA, as well as in the IRENA Council as an alternate Member for 
2013. The Council considers IRENA's future work programme and budget. In 2013 IRENA managed 
a $US18 million core budget.  
4.12.  IRENA aims to inform and share policy advice and technology information with developing 
countries to assist them to deploy renewable energy technologies, contributing to the sustainable 
development of those countries. Since 2011 IRENA has been developing its knowledge 
management services and implementing capacity -building programmes for both Africa and the 
small island countries of the Pacific. IRENA has also released several in-depth reports on 
technology costs, electricity storage in small island states and access to renewable energy jobs. In 
2013 IRENA commenced work on the global Rene wable Energy Roadmap, which will set out 
pathways to doubling the share of renewable energy  in the global energy mix by 2030. Australia's 
annual mandatory contribution supports the IRENA budget in the delivery of its stated objectives.  
Climate Investment Funds – Clean Technology Fund 4.13.  The Climate Investment Funds (CIF) are Wo rld Bank-administered multi-donor trust funds. 
The CIF has over US$7.6 billion of donor funds at it s disposal to effect transformational, scaled-up, 
climate-smart development.  
4.14.  Under the CIF, the US$5.2 billion Clean Technology Fund (CTF) provides developing 
countries with resources to explore options to scale up the demonstration, deployment, and 
transfer of low-carbon, clean technologies. The investment criteria for CTF finance includes that 
interventions must demonstrate the potential to accelerate the deployment, diffusion and transfer of low carbon technologies.  
4.15.  Developing countries participating in the CTF are recipients of technological transfer as clean 
technology projects are embedded into national plans and strategies. The implementing partners of the CTF, the multilateral development banks,  provide technical assistance in projects to 
facilitate technology transfer to recipient countries.  
4.16.  AusAID manages Australia's engagement with the CIF as it is a key instrument to reduce 
the negative impacts on the poor from climate change and support low-carbon development. To date, Australia has provided A$100 million (2008-09 to 2010-11) specifically to the CTF and as a 
member of the CTF Committee, Australia has an ongoing role in the governance of the fund and 
allocation of resources to support technology transfer. 
Climate Technology Initiative 
4.17.  RET also provided annual funding of €15,000 for the Climate Technology Initiative (CTI) and 
is a member of the Executive Committee. CTI is a multilateral initiative, operating as an Implementing Agreement under the International Energy Agency (IEA) which aims to foster international cooperation in the accelerated development and diffusion of climate-friendly and 
environmentally sound technologies and practices with a focus on developing countries and 
countries in transition. The principal activities of the CTI are technology needs assessments; seminars and symposia; implementation activities; training courses; and information 
dissemination.  
4.18.  The CTI works closely with the United National Framework Convention on Climate Change 
(UNFCCC) process, relevant IEA Implementing  Agreements, Renewable Energy and Energy 
Efficiency Partnership and other international organizations and has had an important role in 
creating the enabling environments that allow for international technology cooperation, this includes addressing market barriers to private sector investment and the deployment of technology.  IP/C/W/594/Add.7 
 
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  4.19.  As part of its implementation activities, CTI has established the Private Finance Advisory 
Network (PFAN). The PFAN is an alliance of private sector companies with an interest in providing financing and financing services to climate friendly projects, particularly low emission technologies within developing countries. PFAN focuses its activities on three regions: Asia, Latin America and 
Africa. Participants include specialist investment funds and institutional investors. PFAN provides 
coaching and technical assistance to project developers in developing and transition countries to assist them in the preparation of project fi nancing proposals meeting the standards of the 
international finance community. PFAN currently has 185 projects in the development pipeline, 
which together have a potential to reduce CO
2 emissions by 10.6 million tonnes annually and 
leverage approximately $US5.6 billion in investment. To date, CTI PFAN has completed 40 projects, installed 325 MW of clean capacity and reduced CO2 emissions by nearly two million 
tonnes.  
The Clean Energy Ministerial 4.20.  The Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) was launc hed by the United States (US) Government in 
2009 to bring together Ministers and stakeholders  from major economies to promote policies and 
programmes that advance clean energy technology, and to share lessons learned and best practices. The Minister for Resources and Energy, together with staff from RET, represents 
Australia at the CEM. Australia is a member of seven of the 13 clean energy initiatives developed 
under the CEM, namely: 
 Clean Energy Solutions Centre (CESC) (see more information below); 
 Carbon Capture Use and Storage Action Group (CCUS); 
 Clean Energy Education and Empowerment Women's Initiative (C3E); 
 Multilateral Solar and Wind Working Group; 
 International Smart Grid Action Network (ISGAN); 
 Super-Efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment Initiative (SEAD); and 
 Global Superior Energy Performance Partnership (GSEP). 
Clean Energy Solutions Centre 
4.21.  Australia co-leads the Clean Energy Soluti ons Centre (CESC) with the United States. The 
CESC is an online knowledge sharing platform show casing best practice clean energy policies, data 
and analysis, and fostering policy innovation. The CE SC is intended as an evolving platform that 
supports policy makers in the development of clean energy policy frameworks.  
4.22.  RET works closely with the US's National  Renewable Energy Laboratory to develop the 
CESC, ensuring it does not duplicate existing online resources in the clean energy space, but 
rather complements, and where possible leverages,  existing platforms such as the International 
Energy Agency's Policies and Measures Database s. The CESC offers resources and services 
appropriate to a global audience but recognizes th e importance of tailored information addressing 
regional issues. The CESC's 'Ask on Expert' servic e offers policy makers the opportunity to engage 
with experienced clean energy and energy efficiency  professionals to address specific policy issues. 
The Ask an Expert service has provided advice to  representatives from over 40 countries, most of 
which are LDCs, assisting them develop policies to better absorb clean energy technologies within their energy systems. 
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