WT/TPR/M/353  
9 June  2017 
(17-3015) Page: 1/31 
Trade Policy Review Body  
24 and 26  April 2017   
 
  TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
BELIZE 
MINUTES OF THE MEETING  
Chairperson: Ms Irene Young (Hong Kong, China)  
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS  BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  2 
2  OPENING STATEMENT BY  THE REPRESENTATIVE O F BELIZE  ................................ ........  4 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DIS CUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ................  8 
4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBE RS ................................ ................................ ........................  12 
5  REPLIES BY THE REPRE SENTATIVE OF BELIZE AND ADDITIONAL COMME NTS ...........  23 
6  CONCLUDING REMARKS B Y THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  28 
7  ELECTION OF A NEW TP RB CHAIRPERSON  ................................ ................................ . 30 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies 
provided by Belize are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/ 353/Add.1  and will be available online 
at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS  BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
1.1.  The third Trade Policy Review of Belize was held on 24 and 26 April 2017. The Chairperson, 
Ms. Irene Young (Hong Kong, China), welcomed the delegation of Belize  headed by 
H.E. Ambassador Dylan Vernon ; the delegation from Belmopan ; and the discussant, 
H.E. Ambassador Peter Matt (Liechtenstein) .  
1.2.  For this particular meeting, Members  noted from Airgram WTO/AIR/TPR/49/Add.1 of 11 April 
that, at the end of Day 2, there would  be a special agenda item to select th e new Chairperson of 
the TPRB.  
1.3.  Members were informed that the draft revisions to the Rules of Procedures circulated in 
January, n ecessary to reflect the outcome of the 6th TPRM Appraisal, were still going through 
certain dome stic procedures of one Member. As such, they could not yet be  submitted fo r formal 
approval by the Body. The Secretariat would  monitor the development and keep Members 
informed.  
1.4.  The Chairperson recalled the purpose of the Trade Policy Reviews and the main elements of 
the procedures for the meeting. The report by Belize  was co ntained in document WT/TPR/G/353  
and that of the  WTO Secretariat in WT/TPR/S/353 . 
1.5.  Questio ns by the following delegations had been submitted in writing before the deadline: 
United States; Canada; and the European Union . The following delegations submitted written 
questions after the deadline: Dominican Republic; Guatemala; Mexico; Thailand; and Argentina .  
1.6.  At the last TPR in 2010, Members had recognized that Belize, being a small open economy, 
was at risk of various economic and environmental shocks, such as extreme weather events, the 
global financial crisis, fluctuations in commodity prices, a nd diseases affecting farm products. At 
the same time, domestic factors (such as high levels of foreign debts and loans) had limited the 
authorities ' flexibility in using fiscal and monetary policies to address thos e shocks. Supply -side 
constraints, such a s inadequate infrastructure and connectivity, also meant that considerable 
potentials for growth in agriculture and tourism had remained untapped.   
1.7.  As a result, economic growth had been  volatile and the current accoun t deficit had widened 
significantly du ring this review period. The outlook was not optimistic either, with GDP projected to 
go down by 1.5% in 2016, alongside declining productivity, competitiveness and public 
investment.  
1.8.  And this was despite the notable efforts and progress that Belize had ma de, during this and 
the previous review periods, to improve productivity in agriculture and diversify its economy 
through expansion of the services sector.  
1.9.  So, what more could  Belize do to turn the tide?  
1.10.   At the last TPR, Members had suggested domestic refo rms to create a better business 
environment for  foreign traders and investors.  When they sa id so, Members  had in mind the 
non-automatic import licenses , as well as the complex, and sometimes contradictory, set of 
policies af fecting the trade regime. Some o f these concerns had yet to be addressed. The fact that, 
between the two TPRs, Belize 's Ease of Doing Business ranking had dropped from t he 80th place to 
the 120th seemed  to tell Members that changes were needed immediately.  
1.11.   Measures to streamline procedur es were useful, but more so would be the development of a 
long-term trade strategy, as foreshadowed by the Bel ize delegation at the last TPR. Six years on, 
Belize had  established its first National Trade Policy Framework, emphasizing the importance of 
institutional capacity, supply capacity, market  access and trade facilitation.  In the near future, 
Members  could expect  the Framework to develop into specific policies, new legislation to 
strengthen the competition and government procurement regimes, and new s trategies for 
invest ment and intellectual property.  The Chairperson could see  in Members ' advance written 
questions their strong interest in these developments, so she looked forward to hearing more 
about th at from the Belize delegation.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  1.12.   Members ' advance questions also call ed for Belize to comply with WTO rules, more 
specifically to submit timely notifications, eliminate export subsidies, and keep appl ied tariffs 
within bound rates.  Although more of these concerns had been identified since the last TPR, it  was 
encouraging to see in its Governmen t report that Belize "recognized  the urgent need to address 
compliance issues ". Belize wa s a founding Member of the WTO.  It did not have a permanent  
Mission in Geneva, but this had  not prevented it from being among t he first countries to ratify the 
Trade Facilitation Agreement. Taking prompt action to address non -compliance would demonstrate 
further the count ry's strong commitment to this Organization. It would be helpful to hear from the 
delegation its  plans in this regard.  
1.13.   There were other issues raised in Members ' questions, such as TBT, SPS,  and various 
sectoral policies.  This meeting would  be a good opportunity for Members  to discuss in greater 
detail all these issues of interest to them and of importance to the m ultilateral trading system.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY  THE REPRESENTATIVE O F BELIZE ( H.E. AMBASSADOR 
DYLAN VERNON ) 
2.1.  Madam Chairperson, Ambassadors, and  distinguished representatives.  
2.2.  Distinguished A mbassador from Liechtenstein, Mr . Peter MATT, we are honoured to  have you 
as our discussant. And our most sincere appreciation to the Secretariat who has been engaged in 
the conduct of Belize 's third TPR under the TPRM – thanks to you also.  
2.3.  The Minister of Investment, Trade and Commerce, the Honourable Tracy Panton Taegar, is 
unable to join us for this meeting due to other  very important business  in Belize and has asked me 
to offer her sincerest apologies. I do have also the pleasure of introducing my own delegation 
seating before me, Mr. Andy Sutherland, Acting Directo r General for Foreign Trade, Mr. Richard E. 
Reid, Senior Trade Economist , Mr. Terrence Simfukwe, National Trade Advisor, and myself , 
Ambassador of Belize to the European Union based in Brussels but also with representation here at 
the WTO.  
2.4.  I also want bef ore beginning to especially acknowledge Mr. John Finn, Mrs. Martha Lara 
Fernandez and Ms. Zheng Whang of the WTO Secretariat who conducted an excellent policy review 
of Belize over the past year, highly professionally done and because of their impressive e fforts I 
think that we have an extremely detailed and comprehensive report tabled before us today.  
2.5.  Madam Chairperson, it is with great pleasure that I introduce this third trade policy review for 
Belize. I am indeed pleased to see such a wide level of part icipation  here today, especially 
representatives of Belize 's foremost tradin g partners - the European Union and  the United States. I 
also want to acknowledge and thank all those countries who have sent questions to which we have 
responded and a special ack nowledgment of our neighbors Mexico and Guatemala and our regional 
neighbors in CARICOM.   
2.6.  Madam Chairperson, it is indeed a great honour to present this third trade policy review  
which we believe clearly establish es the substantial progress and improvement s Belize has 
accomplished since its last TPR in 2010. During this period, Belize has made advancements  on 
several fronts of implementation and capacity development, and most notably so in the area of 
international trade policy. Proactive actions and initia tives were undertaken to secure technical 
assistance from the EU to conduct the work necessary to establish a formal Trade Policy  
Framework (TPF) for Belize. This  TPF was finalized and approved by the Belize Cabinet in August of 
2015. As a follow -up Belize  secured technical assistance from the Commonwealth Secretariat and 
a Trade Adviser is now attached to the Directorate General for Foreign Trade with the primary 
objective of crafting a national trade policy document for Belize, conceptualized within the T PF. 
Although this process is still in deed very much in  train, much progress has already been made. 
The TPF is actually providing  the necessary pathway  and direction for the conduct of trade policy, 
and is a basis for modernization of the country 's legal an d institutional structures. This must be 
acknowledged as a substantial achievement for a small developing country.   
2.7.  Please also permit me to express my hope, and that o f my delegation and my Country that 
we have effectively satisfied you and answered the questions that have been put to us by various 
Members. We have work ed arduously to provide comprehensive responses and hope that the 
concerns and interests raised have been addressed to your satisfaction. But, of course, we stand 
open to clarifying these i n the next two days.  
2.8.  While Belize  has embarked on a number of reforms to reposition its economy over the review 
period, the structural constraints and  the challenges that are synonymous with a small vulnerable 
economy like Belize remain. My G overnment 's ability to improve the socio -economic wellbeing of 
Belizeans continues to be tested. However, we remain resolute in our desire to better the lives of 
our people. For a greater appreciation of the vast challenges the country faces, I thought it would 
be apt to share a brief summary of the macro economic challenges and highlights .  
2.9.  In the last two years, Belize  has been hit with two years of challenging economic situations . 
Fish and citrus production have been hit by diseases; banana production has been impaired  by 
financing difficulties; and o il production has plummeted to virtually zero.  The fiscal effects have WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  been compounded by the fall in the global oil price, and oil earni ngs fell from a peak of 
BZ$196  million  in 2011 to BZ$22.5  million in 2016.  
2.10.   The bankin g sector came under significant pressure in the last couple of years. As a result of 
the increasingly stringent banking regulations in the domestic environment of global banks, Belize 
alongside other Caribbean countries experienced a wave of de -risking, wh ich led to increased 
transaction costs, threatening remittances, and upsetting the efficiency of the local banking 
system. Though the situation remains tenuous, all banks in Belize have operational corresponding 
banking relationships with U .S. banks.  
2.11.   Additionally, natural disasters continued to threaten the economic stabil ity of Belize. In 
August 2016, h urricane Earl caused an estimated BZ$150  million of damages . The resulting mix of 
occurrences saw Belize 's real GDP growth rate vary during the review peri od, rising from a low of 
0.7% in 2013 to a high of 4.1% in 2014 and falling again to 2.9% in 2015. It is instructive to note 
that Belize 's economy further shrank in 2016 with a 3.5% projected decline in its GDP. It is 
important to note that the foregoing r ealities placed an even tighter pres sure on G overnment 
flexibilities in trade policy matters affecting agriculture generally and the few major export 
industries in particular.  
2.12.   However and on a brighter side, our economic story is not all doom and gloom. There have 
also been instances of success. In particular, t he services sector remains robust contributing more 
than 60% to the GDP. The tourism industry continues to be integral to the growth of the economy 
– the sector contributed as much as 39% to the econ omy in 2014. Tourism has outpaced oil as the 
largest foreign exchange earner and agriculture, with its challenges , continues to be the 
mainstream  of Belize 's exports.  
2.13.   This yearlong review process conducted by the WTO comes with incredible benefits to my 
country and my Government.  The elicited benefits of highlighting  areas of WTO obligations that 
might have received little attention and the addressing of those issues thereafter have been very 
evident so far – which is also very helpful to the multilateral trading system. My Director General 
can attest to the fact that the process has challenged and strengthened the institutional capacity of 
his staff in Belmopan. Months of reviewing responses by trade -related agencies to queries from the 
Secretariat have br oadened the economic perspective of our trade officials. They now possess an 
increased understanding and appreciation of the linkages between trade and interna l economic 
systems and reform. Further to that, there is an across the board recognition of the u rgent need 
for improved inter -agency synergies and cooperation for policy efficiency.  
2.14.   The comprehensiveness of the Trade  Policy Review Process and the S ecretariat 's report 
significantly contribute to public and private sector awareness, and assist in highl ighting the 
compliance gap s which will inform the development of Belize 's first national trade policy.  
2.15.   My Government remains committed to the principles of the multilateral trading system and 
the corresponding measures that ensure the smooth flow of trade in a prevailing atmosphere 
trends towards protectionism. We are well aware of our shortcomings regarding some of our 
notification obligations. It is as a result of a lack of technical legal capacity to a large extent on the 
scale required. However, we are not sitting put, we see the value in transparency and aim to be a 
better WTO citizen. My G overnment has recently approved a Nation al Trade Policy Framework 
(2016 –2026) aimed at trade policy reform which includes the enhancement of institutional 
capacity as  a critical pillar. The consolidation of the Directorate General for Foreign Trade (DGFT) 
is a key focus area that will  help improve the functioning of that department and also enhance 
Government 's compliance capacity. In 2016, a new unit with responsibili ty for WTO matters was 
established. Embedded in the work plan of this Unit is an action plan for meeting notification 
obligations through enhanced coordination with  trade-interfacing agencies of G overnment. Member 
States should expect increased a ctivity in  that regard from my G overnment.  
2.16.   During the review period, Belize  has embarked on a number of reforms needed to reposition 
our economy. We have stayed true to our principle of regionalism as a foundation for growth and 
development. We continue to honor ou r commitment and obligations to our regional brothers and 
sisters in CARICOM with respect to the implementation of the Single Market Component of the 
CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) even as we further explore a simultaneous 
economic integration wi th our geographic al partners in Central America. My G overnment WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  recognizes the critical nexus between economic integration and improving the competitiveness of 
our private sector.  
2.17.   The National Trade Policy Framework to which I refer seeks to address  also our national 
development priorities in the context of regional and multilateral trade and economic integration. 
The framework clearly outlines the guiding principles among which i t promotes  competitiveness for 
the productive sector and support for regionali sm. The principles underline  four pillars that will 
enhance our trade policy landscape: We will build institutional capacity, improve our supply 
capacity, expand market access and implement the WTO 's Trade Facilitation Agreement.  
2.18.   Through the programme, we have a trade advisor stationed in our foreign trade department 
to assist the Government in developing a comprehensive national trade policy for Belize – the first 
for us. Last month, we began our policy formulation process by engaging trade facilitating 
government agencies to better understand the state of play in their various operational spaces and 
inform the foreign trade policy formulation. Moving forward, we will continue our consultative 
process by engaging the private sector across all economic activ ity. The framework and the 
resulting trade policy will be rooted in multilateral rules based system, it will converge the 
development dimension of national sectorial policies and strategies aimed at growth  policy . 
2.19.   As we stand and witness a significant and unprecedented historical achievement in our 
history of our trade club,  the WTO,  allow me to proudly mention that Belize was among the first 
countries to ratify the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement and we are very much committed to 
implementing its provisio ns, of course, with the support of our development partners. This action 
demonstrates the faith and optimism that the Government of Belize has at this  time, believing that 
the results to be had from this agreement would be significant ones  once entered int o force . It is 
this optimism that still propels us today to marshal our technical and financial strength to 
implement the TFA and reap the benefit therefrom. In 2014, we conducted a Needs Assessment 
where we categorized TFA matters  into Categories A, B and  C. Subsequently, we notified our 
Category A commitments. At the moment, my G overnment is currently undergoing a validation 
exercise to ensure that the 2014 categorization are representative of our current realities, 
especially since our Customs and Excise  department has gone full steam ahead in modernizing a  
programme hinged on the effective implementation of ASYCUDA world. A custom harmonization  
bill with the provisions of the TFA is currently pending  a legal review in the office of our Solicitor 
General.  
2.20.   Madam Chairperson, taking the bull by its horn, we have constituted our National 
Committee on Trade Facilitation (NCTF). In March 2017, we finalized the terms of reference and 
the rules of procedures for the Committee. We already have had an  inaugural mee ting where we 
prioritized the development of a national implementation plan that is aligned to the Regional Trade 
Facilitation Imple mentation Strategy in CARICOM.  
2.21.   My G overnment has engaged in a comprehensive review and reform of its three incentive 
legisla tions to comply with the WTO as well as other regional commitments. The Cabinet  of Belize , 
with buy -in from the relevant stakeholders,  including the private sector,  is on board with  the 
needed amendments to the Free Zones Act , the Fiscal Incentives Act and  the replacement of the 
Export Processing Zones Act. These legislative challenges will bring Belize 's three incentive 
programmes into compliance with the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures 
(ASCM). We are also taking the opportunity of t he reform to ensure that the three incentive laws 
are consistent with the Caribbean Financial Action Task Force (CFATF) commitments. The CFATF 
reform is being conducted in conjunction with the Central Bank  of Belize  and the Financial 
Intelligence Unit  of Belize. The amendments to the Fiscal Incentives Act and the Free Zones Act 
and replacement of the EPZ Act are expected to be  finalized by the end of 2017.  
2.22.   Belize is intent on spreading the se reform s across the whole regulatory sphere in Belize to 
truly repo sition the economy and reap the benefits from efficiency. However, we remain  mindful 
that the Belizean economy is largely agricultural based and thus prone to adverse effects of 
international trade  and exogenous shocks . In this, among other things, is comp ounded by the 
need to protect plant and animal health through critical scrutiny of imports of agricultural 
products. According to Belize 's last country poverty assessment, the poverty rate stands at 41% of 
the population; Belize must therefore ensure that the core and fragile domestic agricultural sector 
in relation to its importance to rural livelihoods and poverty reduction  remain . Despite these 
challenges and without having anti -dumping and countervailing legislation, in 2012, we removed WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  half of the prod ucts with import license requirements and are currently exploring the possibility for 
further reduction. In 2015, we piloted a semblance of a single window that allows for the virtual 
communication between Belize Electronic Licensing and Permit System (BEL APS) and ASYCUDA. 
This virtual license application system has greatly reduced the business transaction costs, and 
improved efficiency and timeliness of the process.  
2.23.   The enormity of the tasks ahead of us with regard to our trade and development agenda 
cannot be achieved by domestic resources only. This undoubtedly underscores the significance of 
development cooperation and Aid for Trade. At a glance,  review of aid for trade statistics from the 
OECD creditor reporting system 2015 report reveals that the Cari bbean is one of the least 
recipients  of aid for trade, alongside Oceania. Belize, for example , received a total AfT outlay of 
US$17.93  million spread across all sectors. Of the total amount, US$ 8.9  million and 
US$6.79  million were respectively channeled t owards transport/storage and 
agriculture/forestry/fisheries. A quick analysis of the above flows is an insignificant share of the 
optimal resource requirement estimates for our trade priorities.  
2.24.   It is worth noting and appreciating that of the five main com ponents of AfT, Belize is  in 
critical need of efficient transport infrastructure, e xport diversification (supply capacity 
enhancement ) and trade p olicy. The Government is in the process of creating an AfT strategy to 
guide its systematic approach to AfT in  line with trade and development priorities.  
2.25.   We thus seek development cooperation from all our partners, regionally and beyond to 
supplement our own significant domestic inputs so as to better integrate effectively and achieve 
our development goals and mul tilateral commitments.  
2.26.   Belize reaffi rms its commitment to the rules -based system of the WTO and remains 
committed to the principles of non -discrimination, transparency, promoting fair trade and gradual 
liberalization of trade. However, given our particular  economic challenges as a highly indebted 
small and vulnerable economy, we are caught between  the need to reform and the survival of our 
domestic industries in the face of international competition brought about by progressive 
liberalization. Substantial p rogress has been made since our last review . However, we 
acknowledge that much more needs to be done and we have begun the process of reform based 
upon a more focused strategic approach to economic development and trade policy formulation.  
2.27.   Finally, the Go vernment of Belize has recently approved an overarching sustainable 
development policy, our Growth and Sustainable Development Strategy (GSDS) to guide national 
develop ment over the medium term (2016 –2019) and which outlines a proactive role f or the 
State, it prioritizes accessing global markets  and the creation of an innovative social policy. 
Additionally, we are implementing our Nation al Trade Policy Framework (2016 –2026) which will 
cumulate into a Belize 's first national Trade Policy by the end of 2018. It is our intention to use this 
trade policy review as a springboard for effective trade policy development and deeper integration 
of our trade into the global economy.  
2.28.   We look forward to a fruitful discussions and a successful conclusion to Beliz e's thir d trade 
policy review. I thank you.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DIS CUSSANT  
3.1.  Thank you, Madam Chair. I 'd like also to welcome the distinguished delegation from Belize 
led by H.E. Ambassador Dylan Vernon. A special welcome goes also to Acting Director for Foreign 
Trade , Andy Sutherland and his colleagues from Capital. It is my pleasure and honour to 
participate as a discussant in the third Trade Policy Review of Belize.  
3.2.  I would also like to thank Belize and the Secretariat for their comprehensive reports  and 
Ambassador  Vernon for his introductory statement . These reports and statement give us a sound 
basis for a fruitful and constructive exchange during this third trade policy of Belize.  
3.3.  In my intervention I will first make some remarks regarding the broader economic co ntext 
and the trade policy in general before I touch upon some specific aspects of Belize 's economic 
environment and trade regime.  
Broader economic context and trade policy  
3.4.  Belize is a small and open economy located at the Eastern coast of Central America , boarding 
both Mexico and Guatemala. It is the only English speaking country in Central America. With a 
surface of 22,966 km2 – a bit more than half the size of Switzerland – and a population of 377,968 
- which is about ten times Liechtenstein - Belize ha s the lowest population density in Central 
America. Belize is – like my own country - a constitutional, parliamentary monarc hy. In the case of 
Belize, the Head of S tate is Queen Elizabeth II and the Governor -General acts as Her 
representative.  
3.5.  Belize is an  upper -middle income count ry with a per capita GDP of US$ 4,757 in 2015. GDP 
growth has been volatile during the reporting period, rising from 0.7% in 2013 to 4.1 in 2014 and 
then falling again to 2.9% in 2015. The Central Bank had projected a contraction o f GDP by 2.4%. 
For the fourth quarter the Statistical Institute of Belize estimates a contraction of -1.2%. This 
reflects in general terms the exposure of the Belizean economy to internal and external shocks 
including natural hazard and diseases affecting both agriculture and aquaculture. The main driver 
for economic growth has been the services sector, more specifically the tourism sector.  
3.6.  During the period reported Belize was – as already indicated - hit by several shocks that 
affected the economic growt h in general, but especially agriculture as well as aquaculture. In 
particular , in 2016 , hurricane Earl caused severe damages estimated at BZ$ 183.6 million. Both 
subsectors referred to were furthermore hit by disease outbreak regarding cit rus fruits, papay a 
and shrimp.  
3.7.  Furthermore, t he "de-risking " of Belize by global banks led to the loss of the corresponding 
bank relationships for most banks in Belize and added to the already difficult economic 
environment.  
3.8.  As already mentioned, s ervices continue to be the largest sector in the economy, amounting 
to 60 % of the GDP. Tourism has been and continues to be of growing importance during the 
reporting period. It contributed to 15 % to GDP in 2014 according the World Travel Tourism 
Council. Its total con tribution to the economy was 39 %. Wholesale and retail trade, transportation 
and communications as well as general government services are the other biggest subsectors. The 
secondary industries are the second largest contributo r to the GDP, amounting to 13.3 % follow ed 
by primary industries with 12.9%.  
3.9.  Petroleum production is an important sector for the economy and a main contributor to 
government revenue. But d uring the reported period the production shrank as reserves became 
depleted and because of the low world pri ce of oil.  
3.10.   Belize faces particular challenges regarding its transportation infrastructure. The low 
population density prevents the creation of agglomeration and scale economies. In addition , poor 
infrastructures add to the challenges to get goods to domes tic and international markets. Better 
long-haul flight connections , in particular to Europe,  might help to further boost the  important 
tourism sector. The G overnment has undertaken considerable efforts to improve the infrastructure 
in the last two decades.  Despite this, the road network needs further improvement.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  3.11.   Belize 's public finances have been marked by expansionary fiscal policies from 2013/2014 
with the fis cal deficit at its peak in 2014/2015 (BZ$ 141 million). The Government 's fiscal space 
was limite d by high debts, distortions in trade and tax policy regime and high cost of finance. 
Large fiscal expenditure due to settlement payments in the aftermath of the nationalization of 
Belize Telemedia Ltd. and Belize Electricity Ltd. further  limited Belize 's fiscal space.  
Trade and Investment Regime  
3.12.   Let me  now turn to Belize 's engagement in the WTO and the trade and investment regime in 
general. As Belize  does not maintain a permanent M ission to the WTO here Geneva, but covers 
WTO from its Mission in Brussels,  Belize 's activities in the WTO are necessarily limited and 
resulting in a reactive position to rules making process and the liberalization negotiations as the 
Government of Be lize puts it in the Government r eport. One has , of course , also to take into 
account the size of the country. Belize was one of the first countries to ratify the Tra de Facilitation 
Agreement on 2 September 2015. Belize has made already its category A notifications. And 
Category B and C notification are expected to be made in t he third  quarter of 2017. On 
15 September 2015 , it deposited its instrument of acceptance for the 2005 protocol amending the 
WTO's TRIPS agreement.  
3.13.   Belize 's major concern in the WTO is to seek flexibility f or SVEs in agricultural and 
non-agricultural products as w ell as targeted tariff reductions. Building up institutional capacity for 
trade is another main concern of Belize.  
3.14.   Belize is a member of the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) and 
adhered to the CARICOM Single Market, the first component of t he CARICOM Single Market and 
Economy (CSME) established by the Treaty of Chaguaramas. The joining of the second component, 
the single economy is delayed due to administrative, legal and fiscal issues. Within CARICOM 
Belize is a designated less developed co untry allowing it to protect vulnerable and sensitive 
domestic industries to redress disadvantages arising from its membership obligations under  the 
CSME. Belize is at the same time full member of the Central American Integration System (SICA) 
and is curre ntly evaluating the implications of joining the Central American Economic Integration 
Subsystem, the economic component of SICA. The outcome of this process is still open. Belize 
being the only CARICOM member in Central America it could play an important r ole as link 
between both subsystems as was already mentioned in the previous TPR.  
3.15.   Belize participates in the CARIFORUM partnership agreement with the EU and maintains a 
Partial Scope Agreement with Guatemala. Belize also profits from unilateral trade prefe rences, 
namely the U .S. led Caribbean Basin Initiative and the Canada led CARIBCAN established for 
Caribbean Commonwealth partners.  
3.16.   On customs procedures , it is to be noted that Belize has implement ed ASYCUDA World 
throughout its territory since 2011. Acc ording to the authorities , the implementation of ASYCUDA 
led in particular to a reduced customs clearance time. Despite these efforts Belize fell to the 117th 
ranking (down from 107th) in the World Bank 's Doing Business report.  
3.17.   Belize applies 17 tariff rat es ranging from zero to 100%. The hi ghest tariff was raised from 
70% to 100 % in 2016. The simp le MFN tariff went up from 11.6% in 2010 to 12.6 % in 2016. The 
reason for this is to be attributed partly to the change of the tariff nomenclature from HS2007 to 
HS2012 and to the increase of the highest tariff.  
3.18.   Belize bound 97.7% of its tariff lines in 2007 nomenclature w ith a simple bound rate of 
58.8%. Agricultural products are bound a t a general ceiling rate of 100 %, except for some rates 
bound at 110% (in part icular certain meat and certain vegetable s). The general ceiling for 
non-agricultural products is 50% with some exceptions (70%, 100% and 110%). Unbound tariff 
lines include in particular fish and crustaceans . 
3.19.   As a result of  the tariff rate increases the a pplied MFN rates of a number of tariff lines are in 
breach with their bound rate. In response t o advance written questions by M embers , the 
Government expects to correct  by June 2017. I welcome this positive development.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  3.20.   Belize maintains an extensive and l argely discretionary import licensing system . Import 
permits and import licensing  continue to be r equired for a range of products. I would like to 
welcome the efforts undertaken by the Government to remove part of these requirements.   
3.21.   Belize runs three  investment programmes which involve  prohibited subsidies under Article  3 
of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures of the WTO. These programmes are 
based on the Fiscal Incentive Act, the Free Zones Act and  the Export Processing Zone Act . The 
extended transition period for the elimination of these subsidies expired end of 2015. Upon written 
advanced questions , the Government specified that the first of two mentioned acts will be 
amended while the last mentioned will be replaced to bring it into conformity with WTO as well as 
the Caribbean Action Task Force commitments. These changes should take effect by the end of 
this year.  
3.22.   Turning to the Government Procurement system in place the most striking features are 
certainly the lack of a centralized government procurement system (including lack of uniformity in 
documentary requirements and evaluation criteria) as well as the openness of the Belizean system 
in absence of a distinction between foreign and domestic suppliers. Efforts to re -establish a 
centralized system and the development of a website to increase transparency are still pending 
since the last report. Belize is neither party nor observer to the GPA. The Belizean authorities 
indicated in line with their position during the last review that a decision on whether to join GPA 
will be taken in the context of  CARICOM. Upon questions by a Me mber, Belize however specified 
that CARICOM had no plans to seek observer status, but that the individual members have an 
option to do so. They also indicated that GPA -observer status was depending on establishment of a 
diplomatic mission in Geneva.  
Closer look at the economic environment and trade regime  
3.23.   Let me now briefly turn to trade policies by sector. I will limit my remarks on three sectors 
of major impor tance for Belize, i.e. agriculture, tourism and financial industries.  
3.24.   Agriculture continues to be of importance for Belize. Horticulture and livestock farming 
contribute to 9.9 % of the GDP. The structure of the agricultural production is very diverse, fro m 
subsistence farming to large commercial farms producing for export. Most farms  are, however , 
small, 53 % are less th an 5 acres or 2.02 hectares; 85 % of cattle farms have less than 30 anima ls. 
Production of some products  like banana and citrus tend to be centralized  in a small number of 
large farms on the other side.  
3.25.   The Government of Belize developed a Na tional Agricultural Policy 2015 –2030 whose main 
objectives consist in particular in enhancing production, productivity and competitiveness and in 
increas ing market development, access and penetration. These efforts are certainly to be 
welcomed and we should encourage the Govern ment to continue this path.  
3.26.   This policy development is all the more important as agriculture in Belize has a considerable 
potential  for expansion as 38% of Belize 's territory, about 800 '000 acres , are suitable for 
agriculture but only 78 '000 hectares are currently being used. Agriculture faced during the 
reporting period a considerable number of challenges . Disease outbreaks reduced p roduction of 
citrus fruits, papaya and shrimp. Belize was also seriously hit by tropical storms and floods. Poor 
infrastructure adds to these challenges.  
3.27.   Tourism is a key economic driver in Belize. The Government has launched a National 
Sustainable Touris m Master Plan aimed at promoting sustainable tourism. In the reporting period 
cruise arrivals increased by 25 % and continue to be a major part of tourism. It is however 
encouraging that overnight arrivals have increased by 41%. Belize with its natural beau ties like 
rain forest and its barrier reef as well as the Mayan remains , has huge potential for sustainable 
overnight tourism. The Government is also promoting medical tourism.  
3.28.   Let me finally briefly comment on banking and insurance services. The structure  of Belize 's 
financial system has not changed since the last review. Its distinctive feature is certainly the 
separation between domestic and international (offshore) financial institutions with their distinct 
legal framework. Two major developments are to  be noticed  in the reported period . Belize has on 
the one hand strengthened its anti -money laundering and combating terrorism financing WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  (AML/CTF) framework to align it with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Recommendations. On 
the other hand , "de-risking" measures taken by international banks to comply with stringent 
international AML/CTF requirements led to the loss of international correspondent banks of local 
banks in Belize. Apparently all banks have in the meantime re -established correspondence 
relations with international banks.  
Conclusion  
3.29.   To sum up, Belize is a country with a great potential in many areas, in particular agriculture 
and tourism. As the only English speaking country in Central America it also could act as a hub for 
the Caribbean c ommunity as it is both member of CARICOM and SICA. This hub function however 
has not been realized so far, presumably because of the still unclear status of Belize regarding its 
further economic integration into CARICOM and SICA. The country faces challeng es both in 
improving its infrastructure and to cope with the consequences of natural disasters. The poor 
infrastructure is an impediment to Belize 's economic development in many sectors. While the 
situation and capacity of the maritime ports has considerab ly improved, increased international 
flight connection would further contribute to Belize 's economic development. It is to be noted that 
Belize has expanded its flight network within the region. However, In particular a direct flight to 
Europe could consid erably facilitate economic exchange with Europe, in particular also with regard 
to Be lize as a tourist destination.  
3.30.   Coming myself from a small country tha t is considerably smaller than Belize , I would like to 
encourage Belize to systematically seek the ad vantages that, we, small countries have: having 
short administrative ways, being flexible and to be able to quickly react to international trends and 
regulations. Small countries are also often excellent niche players. Belize has excellent potential in 
this regard, in particular as it comes to agriculture (including food processing) and tourism. In this 
context , I would also like to re -iterate the need to diversify the economy  and to reduce exposure. 
The approval of a Growth and S ustainable Development Stra tegy and a National Trade Policy 
Framework are certainly important steps to achieve this goal. The Government of Belize certainly 
merits our full support.  
3.31.   I wish Belize a successful and fruitful trade policy review.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBER S 
UNITED  STATES  
4.1.  Though one of the Western Hemisphere 's smaller markets, Belize has an important role in the 
region as an open and growing economy and through its membership in this organization, the 
CARICOM Single Market and Economy, and various regional politic al organizat ions. Its engagement 
has helped increase not only citizens ' prosperity, but also enhanced regional security and improv ed 
systems of good governance. It is also an important  partner to the United States. Our countries 
continue to maintain clo se and cooperat ive relations. Bilateral trade in goods totaled 
US$323  million in 2016, and the United States provides for duty -free import for a v ariety of 
products from Belize.  The United States is home to the largest expatriate Belizean community, 
estima ted to be more than 70,000. Reflective of Belize 's success in tourism, more than a million 
visitors come from the United States each year.  
4.2.  The Secretariat report notes Belize 's commendable reduction in its rate of unemployment 
since the last Review, from more than 23 pe rcent to just si x percent measured a year ago. This 
achievement is particularly remarkable given the cyclical nature of the economy and its 
dependence on key industries including the tourism sector that suffered – and is recovering from – 
a devastating hur ricane in 2016. However, one of the challenges of governance is keeping 
expenditures under control relative to revenues, and the Secretariat 's report notes Belize 's difficult 
fiscal situation. After missing a large bond payment in January, the government a ppears to 
recognize that it must rein in budgets across the board in order to keep its debt under control.  
4.3.  We believe a better fiscal environment will complement efforts to shift from a resource -
focused economy to a trade -oriented economy . Indeed, Belize i s well -suited to prioritize trade and 
structure its policies accordingly.  Hydrocarbon exports have declined significantly since 2010, with 
the slack taken up by a relatively diversified mix of foodstuffs, agricultural, and other exports . But 
this welcome shift has not been accompanied by significant p olicy changes to support trade.  The 
number of lines subject to tariffs has  increased, and tariff r ates themselves have inched up.  These 
policies affect Belizean consumers, companies that utilize inputs for tra de, and the increasingly 
vital tourism sector.  
4.4.  The United States welcomed Belize 's acceptance of the Trade F acilitation Agreement in 2015. 
This agreement holds great promise for developing country Members to boost trade performance . 
However, the Secretari at report noted Belize 's low ranking in the World Bank 's Ease of Doing 
Business 2016 study and pointed out that Belize can do better in Trade Facilitation indicators 
relative to countries in the region and countries of similar inco me. A step in t his direct ion would be 
for the G overnment to notify the WTO of its Category B and C commitments.   
4.5.  The Secretariat 's report discussed the need for the Government of Belize to address 
prohibited export subsidies, applied MFN rates that breach the bound rate, and outs tanding WTO 
notification requirements. We look to the Government of Belize to ensure these issues are 
addressed expeditiously, and appreciate Ambassador Vernon 's comments on these issues in the 
course of this morning 's discussions.  
4.6.  The United States would be pleased to see Belize adopt a mor e significant role at the WTO. 
As the report suggests, a representative in Geneva responsible for  WTO affairs would be helpful. 
Belize could also demonstrate its commitment to intellectual property protection by joini ng the 
WIPO Internet Treaties.  
4.7.  The United States looks forward to continuing to work with Belize to increase  prosperity in 
the hemisphere. With recent growth in tourism and services – along with its many natural 
advantages – Belize is on the right track. We e ncourage Belize, in the implementation of its 
National Trade Policy Framework, to focus on policies that enable greate r trade and economic 
activity. And we thank Belize for its active participation in this process and wish Belize a successful 
Trade Policy Review.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  CANADA  
4.8.  Canada and Belize are both Commonwealth countries enjoying a longstanding, positive 
relationship. Although Belize is Canada 's smallest bilateral trade partner in the region, with 
$13 million in merchandise trade in 2016, recent enhancements  will facilitate growth in our trade 
and investment relationship.  As an example, in October 2016, WestJet entered the Belizean 
market, launching the first direct air service between Canada and Belize. This was followed by the 
conclusion of negotiations tow ards the Canada -Belize Air Transportation Agreement in December 
2016. Belize is a member of the Caribbean Community, better known as CARICOM, and benefits 
from CARIBCAN, Canada 's preferential trade arrangement under which 97% of Commonwealth 
Caribbean expo rts to Canada enter duty free.  Canada is also pleased to regularly host Belizean 
students.  
4.9.  Furthermore, Canada as a number of development projects in Belize through the Caribbean 
Regional Development Programme as well as security co -operation projects thro ugh the Canada 's 
Anti-Crime Capacity Building Programme. For instance, the Compete Caribbean programme  is 
supporting Belize 's Economic Development Council, which is Belize 's main public -private dialogue 
mechanism on private sector development. The Council is addressing proposed reforms, such as: 
taxation, the ease of doing business, land, and trade and logistics. The programme has also 
financed other concrete initiatives such as a project that helped the shrimp farmers association of 
Belize to achieve ASC s hrimp standard certification. The certification, which ensures the 
environmentally and socially responsible production of farmed shrimp, is providing Belize with 
access to high value premium markets in Europe, the U.S. and Canada.  
4.10.   As a friend and partner o f Belize, Canada welcomes the Government of Belize 's latest policy 
initiatives. As highlighted in the Secretariat report, important changes were made to the legislation 
on domestic banks, the strengthening of the framework against money laundering and comb ating 
the financing of terrorism. Canada also applauds Belize 's signing of the United Nations Convention 
Against Corruption in December 2016, which will further support the economic growth of the 
country. The establishment of Belize 's first Internet Exchan ge Point in April 2016, expected to 
reduce the cost of local internet traffic, is also a measure worth mentioning.  
4.11.   I have taken note of Belize 's intent to target investments in areas where there is 
competitive and comparative advantages and where potential  for growth is strong, including in 
priority areas such as environmental goods and services. As noted in our written questions, 
Canada is interested in hearing more from Belize on their plans to attract investment in this area.  
4.12.   Canada welcomes Belize 's ratification of the WTO 's Agreement on Trade Facilitation and 
notification of its Category A commitments. I encourage Belize to submit its Category B and C 
commitments as soon as possible. We also recognize Belize 's efforts towards trade liberalization 
throug h CARICOM 's bilateral trade agreements.  
4.13.   However, Canada wishes to convey two areas of concern.  
4.14.   First, Canada is very concerned about the increasing insecurity in the country. Belize 
consistently ranks among the top 10 countries in the world for homicides, according to the United 
Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, with an average of around 40 homicides per 
100,000  residents. The murder rate increased in 2016, with 130 homicides through November 
compared to 119 the previous year. Fear for personal safety, org anized transnational crime, and 
the lack of faith in local institutions to combat these and other challenges will limit economic 
growth and development in the country.  
4.15.   Second, while the Government of Belize has taken action to resolve the issue of previous ly 
expropriated foreign -owned companies in telecommunications and electricity, including Canada 's 
Fortis Inc, it should do more to enact legislation and implement policy to prevent this type of issue 
in the future and reassure potential foreign investors.  
4.16.   We look forward to a constructive exchange of views on all aspects of Belize 's trade policy.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  4.17.   We also wish to express our continued commitment to working with Belize as a bilateral 
trading partner, and to support the Government and the people of Belize in p ursuing sustainable 
economic growth and combatting the challenges it faces domestically and regionally.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
4.18.   Let me start by commending Belize for having carried out important reforms aimed at the 
diversification of its economy during the period under review. The EU considers these reforms a 
step in the right direction.  
4.19.   Indeed, the need to diversify Belize 's economy was one of the main concerns raised by 
Members at the last review in 2010. On that occasion, Belize was encouraged  to give trade a 
central role. Considering the small -size of its economy, its high dependence on exports and 
imports, and its exposure to natural disasters, the country is particularly vulnerable to terms -of-
trade shocks and volatility as demonstrated by a slowdown in real G DP growth and an increase in 
poverty.  
4.20.   On a positive note, recently, the country has begun its recovery as a result of Belize 's efforts 
leading to a significant economic transformation over the last two decades, mainly due to  the 
growing tourism industry.  
4.21.   The EU welcomes the recently adopted first National Trade Policy Framework and would like 
to receive further details on the specific actions and measures Belize intends to implement under 
the pillar "Trade Facilitation ". In this respect, the EU commends Be lize for its notification of the 
Category A commitments, the swift ratification of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement as well as 
the presence of the National Committee for Trade Facilitation. We also take note of the newly 
established unit on WTO matters . The EU encourages Belize to complete its categorization work for 
the submission of its Category B and C commitments to the WTO and stands ready to work with 
Belize to clearly identify its needs for providing tailored and adequate technical and financial 
assistance.  
4.22.   A word on our bilateral relationship. The EU is the second largest trading partner of Belize in 
terms of total trade and trade between Belize and the EU has, over the years, continually 
increased.  
4.23.   The EU 's relations and cooperation with Belize  are carried out both on a bilateral and a 
regional basis, the latter within the framework of the on -going EU -CELAC and EU -CARIFORUM 
dialogues. Belize is also a signatory of the EU -Caribbean Economic Partnership Agreement, a 
comprehensive free trade agreem ent with a strong focus on development cooperation. Further, 
Belize is also a signatory of the EU -Central America Association Agreement.  
4.24.   We took note of the comments of the Ambassador on Aid for Trade in the opening 
statement. In this context, the EU rema ins today the main provider of grant funding to Belize. The 
financial support for Belize for the period 2014 -2020 amounts to €27 million and focuses on three 
sectors, namely renewable and sustainable energy, health and public finance management. Belize 
will also benefit from the EU -Caribbean regional indicative programme amounting to €346 million, 
with a substantial component of €102 dedicated to regional economic cooperation, including for 
EPA implementation and €135 million for the Caribbean Investment Fa cility.  
4.25.   The EU does not have too many concerns to table. Most of them have been addressed by 
Head of Delegation, Discussant and other delegations. We have submitted a set of questions 
seeking clarifications in several areas of Belize 's trade policy and I w ould like to raise today only 
three general remarks.  
4.26.   First, the EU notes that Belize has submitted some notifications to the WTO but no 
notifications have ever been made in some areas such as agriculture (domestic support and export 
subsidies), government procurement, import licensing, and state trading enterprises. In this 
context we welcome the statement by Ambassador today. The EU would encourage Belize to adopt 
the necessary measures for improving its notification compliance rate at the WTO.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  4.27.   Second, th e EU encourages Belize to engage with its neighbours in the region and 
participate in the Caribbean regional programme, including on citizen security issues, and on 
inclusive development.  
4.28.   Last, the EU shares Belize 's view on the need to work closely with t he wider donor and trade 
development community to be able to find solutions to the many impediments to trade growth and 
expansion. In this respect, the EU remains committed to support the country 's efforts to face 
socioeconomic challenges.  
4.29.   The EU is confid ent that this review will help Belize in continuing its economic reform 
process in compliance with its international commitments in this forum.  
4.30.   On behalf of the EU, I look forward to a constructive exchange of views during this review. I 
wish the Belize d elegation the utmost success d uring its Trade Policy Review.  
DOMINICAN  REPUBLIC   
4.31.   The Dominican Republic enjoys important ties of friendship with Belize; both countries are 
members of CARIFORUM and party to the European Union -CARIFORUM Partnership Agreement . 
4.32.   We share Belize's concerns as a small economy, one that is vulnerable, as noted in the 
Secretariat report, to internal and external shocks, including natural hazards and diseases that 
affect the agricultural and aquaculture industries. As a result, GDP g rowth has been volatile in 
recent years - it fell to 2.9% in 2015 - reflecting a sharp drop in agricultural production, petroleum 
extraction and exports.  
4.33.   We note, however, that the main driver of growth has been the services sector, particularly 
tourism, w hich is the biggest export and foreign exchange earner and a major source of 
employment. We would therefore urge Belize to continue looking for sources of production and 
revenue other than petroleum extraction, so as to promote development and diversify it s 
economy.  
4.34.   We congratulate Belize on the steps it has taken since its last review to adjust its trade 
policy regime. These include the ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement, the 
implementation of ASYCUDA World, the halving of the number of produ cts subject to import 
licences in 2012, and the approval of a National Trade Policy Framework.  
4.35.   It is clear that while Belize faces significant challenges, it also has a lot of potential to 
further develop its economic sectors, including agriculture, aquacu lture, tourism, 
telecommunications, and transport.  
4.36.   We urge the country to continue with the reforms needed to ensure its economy's full 
integration into the multilateral trading system. Such reforms include finalizing legislation on 
government procurement and competition policy, harmonizing its tariffs with bound levels, 
bringing its free zone regime into line with the WTO Agreements, and introducing a foreign 
investment regime.  
4.37.   We submitted a number of questions to Belize within the framework of this revie w, and 
appreciate the replies we received, which will be studied in our capital. Lastly, we congratulate 
Belize on this review and wish it every success in the future.  
GUATEMALA  
4.38.   Trade relations between Guatemala and Belize are framed by the Partial Scope Agreement  
signed in 2006. Trade flows between Belize and Guatemala have expanded by approximately 39% 
in the last seven years, increasing from US$55  million in 2010 to US$77  million in 2016. The 
balance of trade ran a surplus for Guatemala during this perio d. According to figures from 2016, 
Guatemala was the ninth most important destination for exports from Belize, and Belize's 
fifth largest source of imports.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  4.39.   Guatemala's main exports to Belize are plastic materials and articles thereof, fertilizers, and 
other petroleum products. The main products imported into Guatemala from Belize are maize, 
vehicles and transportation equipment, and machines and mechanical apparatus for 
electro -technical use.  
4.40.   During the period under review, we note that positive steps incl ude the adoption of 
ASYCUDA World, and the efforts made in conjunction with other CARICOM members to improve 
legislation on government procurement and to reduce the number of products subject to import 
licensing. Together, these efforts should strengthen t rade-related institutions and help to increase 
Belize's trade flows with third countries.  
4.41.   Despite all this progress, Belize's economy continues to face significant challenges. As 
explained in the Secretariat report, its vulnerability to internal and extern al changes, such as 
climatic events or outbreaks of disease affecting agricultural and aquaculture products, has a very 
strong impact on the country's annual GDP performance. We also consider it important to assess 
the various options for controlling the s ignificant growth of Belize's internal and external debt. In 
tariff terms, it would also be advisable to review the tariffication process referred to in the 
Secretariat report, with a view to bringing applied tariffs for all products into line with WTO -bound 
levels.  
4.42.   We thank Belize for its replies to Guatemala's questions and wish the Belizean delegation a 
successful conclusion to the country's third trade policy review.  
MEXICO 
4.43.   I am pleased to begin by highlighting the positive growth of the Belizean econom y, which, 
during the review period, grew at an average annual rate of almost 3%. As mentioned by some of 
our colleagues, this growth occurred despite the economy's vulnerability to external and internal 
factors such as natural disasters, pests and diseases  affecting the country's agriculture and 
fisheries, and the effects of the drop in oil prices that occurred several years ago.  
4.44.   Despite serious problems with unemployment, Belize has taken a number of steps to 
strengthen the tourism sector, which has become  one of the country's main sources of 
employment and foreign exchange, and, as noted by Ambassador Vernon, significantly contributes 
to its GDP. These steps include:  
 The promotion of eco -tourism and the Sustainable Tourism Master Plan 2012 -2030;  
 
 The relax ation of visa requirements for tourists from a dozen countries; and  
 
 The launch of the second phase of the Sustainable Tourism Programme (STP II), which 
seeks to restore and expand visitor facilities at archaeological sites.  
4.45.   It should be noted that the Bel izean Government has also strengthened its passenger air 
transport sector, a move that has helped to boost tourism, diversify the economy and create jobs. 
The most notable improvements are:  
 The inauguration of the Sir Barry Bowen Municipal Airport;  
 The lau nch of three new airlines (West Jet Airline Ltd, South West Airlines Co. 
and Copa Airlines); and  
 The conclusion of an ASA with Mexico, which is pending ratification by the Belizean 
Parliament.  
4.46.   My delegation hopes that these efforts and achievements will be  replicated for Belize's land 
and maritime transport infrastructure. We are sure that this would result in a more efficient and 
productive economy.  
4.47.   Belize, as Ambassador Vernon also pointed out, was one of the first Members to ratify the 
Trade Facilitation  Agreement and has made a number of improvements in this area, including:  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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   The implementation of ASYCUDA World throughout Belizean customs since 2011;  
 The halving of the number of products subject to import licences in 2012; and  
 The introduction of a volunt ary compliance programme for the top traders, under 
which  80% of these operators' imports go through the green channel, which enables 
cargo to be released without examination.  
4.48.   There are still, however, some opportunities for improvement. One would be to re duce not 
only the number of hours it takes for exporters and importers to complete the cross -border trade 
process, but also the average cost of these operations, bearing mind that Belize was ranked 101st 
in this area in the World Bank's Doing Business Inde x. 
4.49.   Mexico and Belize are neighbouring countries that share not only almost 300  km of border, 
but also a Mayan cultural heritage and the enviable beauty of Caribbean beaches that have 
considerably favoured the development of tourism in both nations.  
4.50.   Our dip lomatic relations go back to the independence of Belize just over 35 years ago. 
Mexico is one of Belize's most important trading partners. We are its main electricity supplier, its 
second largest supplier of natural gas, and the source of around 10% of its  imports.  
4.51.   I would like to conclude by thanking Belize in advance for its replies to the questions 
formulated by my delegation. We wish the Belizean delegation every success in the country's 
third trade policy review.  
JAMAICA  
4.52.   Belize is one of fifteen Member s of the Caribbean Community of which Jamaica is also a 
member. Belize is also a fellow small vulnerable economy which shares many of the vulnerabilities 
and challenges faced by Jamaica and most CARICOM members. Like many countries of the 
Caribbean, Belize 's economy is heavily dependent upon its services and agro -productive sectors 
for foreign exchange earnings.  
4.53.   The delegation of Jamaica notes the challenges faced by Belize due to factors such as 
climate change and its impact on the marine and agro -producti ve sectors. We mention, in this 
regard, that Belize is host to the Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism. We also recognize the 
more recent challenge stemming from de -risking of correspondent banking relationships as well as 
pre-existing supply capacity c onstraints which have impacted its trade growth and financing.  
4.54.   We note with concern that the trade imbalance for Belize deteriorated significantly over the 
review period, evidenced by a widening trade deficit from US$17 4.8 million in 2010 to 
US$423.4  million in 2015. Despite these challenges, we are happy to commend Belize for the 
articulation of a National Trade Policy Framework. We also commend Belize for achieving real 
gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging 2.6% per annum over the six -year period from 
2010 to 2015 with an overall expansion in GDP of 16.8%.  
4.55.   The delegation of Jamaica recognizes Belize 's efforts to mitigate possible economic fallout 
based on an anticipated reduction in GDP growth which is projec ted at 1.6% for the period 
2016-2021. We  take note of the Government 's initiative to calibrate its programme to ensure that 
its policy package does not push the economy into a recession and to maintain its commitment to 
the principles of the multilateral trading system.  
4.56.   The preparation for a Tra de Policy Review is by no means a simple or easy process for 
resource challenged countries like ours, especially one with no resident Mission in Geneva. Jamaica 
wishes for Belize a positive and productive review and the successful completion of this your t hird 
Trade Policy Review in the WTO.  
THE SEPARATE  CUSTOMS  TERRITORY  OF TAIWAN,  PENGHU,  KINMEN  AND  MATSU  
4.57.   We have learned a lot of trade facts about Belize from the previous speakers, so I won 't 
repeat them again. However, my country, as a small island, also  suffer from the loss of Typhoons WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  every year, thus we share the same feeling in facing natural disasters as Belize. We also know that 
Belize has been making special efforts to attract foreign direct investment (FDI), both through the 
implementation of its "Investment Promotion Act ", and the incentives contained in such 
programmes as the "exporting processing zone ", the "free zone " and the "fiscal incentive 
programme ". In addition, with a view to facilitating offshore services in Belize, it has introduced an  
"Offshore Banking Act " and an "International Business Companies Act ". Information and 
communications technology (ICT) services are also fast becoming more popular in Belize. It now 
has a "DataPro e -Business Centre " for ICT services, which is attracting lo ts of IT companies to set 
up customer service centres there. Since my country has advantages at ICT industries so I believe 
we will have lots of cooperation with Belize in this regards. And, to its credit, Belize was one the 
first Members to ratify the "Trade Facilitation Agreement " in the WTO.  
4.58.   We have long enjoyed close and mutually constructive relations with Belize, and the level of 
economic cooperation between us is particularly strong. Through this cooperation, a total of 
21 technical assistance progra mmes have been implemented in Belize, mostly in the key areas of 
agriculture, tourism, ICT and trade facilitation. In agriculture, for example, we have helped to 
control and prevent Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as "citrus greening disease ", in oranges a nd 
citrus fruits. In tourism, we have provided assistance in building the "Belize Cultural Centre " and 
the "Eco-Museum ". In the area of ICT, we have established the "National ICT Centre " and 
"E-Government " for Belize. And, in trade facilitation and capacit y building, the "Belize Electronic 
Licenses and Permits System (BELAPS) " has been set up through our joint efforts to streamline 
customs services and introduce single -window licensing. There is an Investment Promotion and 
Protection Agreement between us as  well. We are certainly convinced that all these projects and 
agreements that have been introduced in Belize will help to increase its trading capacity and lead 
to its further integration into the multilateral trading system.  
4.59.   So, all -in-all, our cooperati ve relationship with Belize is strong and thriving. We would 
simply encourage Belize to maintain its open trade regime and continue to develop its trade and 
investment policies aimed at stimulating economic growth and improving  the welfare of its people.  
INDIA  
4.60.   Belize with a GDP of US$ 1.743 billion in 2015 and per capita income  of US$ 4757 is a middle 
income country. We note from the Secretariat 's report that during the period under review though 
the GDP growth of Belize has been volatile the economy has con tinued to gro w with a rate of 2.9% 
in 2015. The main drivers of growth of the economy of Belize are the services sector, particularly 
tourism sector, agricultur e and fishing and aquaculture. Belize also has a strong presence of 
foreign comp anies in the fin ancial sector. The major challenges for Belize include the high debt 
levels, limited fiscal space, impact of natural disasters, falling revenues from petroleum production 
and the need to diversify the manufacturing and export sectors in the country. We com mend the 
Government of Belize for taking measures to address these challenges including developing a 
national trade policy framework, growth and sustainable development strategy, the national 
investment policy and strategy and making significant investment s for diversification of exports.  
4.61.   India and Belize share wa rm, cordial and friendly ties.  The bilateral trade between both 
countries though modest has the potential to grow in various areas like textiles, chemicals, 
pharmaceuticals, automobiles etc. There is also potential to promote investments from India in 
sectors of the Belize economy including tourism, food processing and fisheries.  
4.62.   India also has been offering assistance to Belize under the development partnership 
cooperation in various areas includin g upgradation of the computer centre at Orange Walk 
Institute and for setting up  a Vocational Training Centre. For capacity building in human resources 
India has been regularly offering slots to professionals from Belize under India 's Technical 
Economic Co operation (ITEC) programme.  
4.63.   Belize is blessed with natural resources and has tremendous potential for growth in sectors 
like tourism, agricu lture, fisheries and services. To conclude, we look forward to working closely 
with the authorities of Belize for fu rther expanding our trade and investment t ies for mutual 
benefit. We wish the delegation of Belize a productive and successful TPR.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  SINGAPORE  
4.64.   We note the growing role of trade in Belize 's economy, as well as positive developments 
that have taken place sin ce Belize 's last TPR. Total trade accounted for 129% of GDP in 2015, up 
from 113% in 2010. We commend Belize for the launch of its first trade policy framework last July. 
This framework, underpinned by the four pillars of institutional capacity, market acc ess, supply 
capacity and trade facilitation, will hopefully play a role in sustained trade growth. In particular, we 
note that Belize has taken concrete action to improve trade facilitation by showing its commitment 
to the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement.  Belize was the 13th WTO M ember to submit its 
instrument of acceptance, along with its Category A notification in September 2015. With the TFA 
in force, we urge Belize to submit its Category B and C notifications as soon as possible to avail 
itself to the flexibilities and technical assistance opportunities built into the Agreement.  
4.65.   We are also encouraged that Belize is currently developing, together with other CARICOM 
members, legislation on government procurement and competition policy. This will further  
contribute towards creating an enabling environment for sustainable economic growth, and provide 
more opportunities to leverage on trade for development. We also commend Belize for its 
acceptance of the Protocol amending the TRIPS Agreement , which is anot her concrete example of 
the linkages between trade and development.  
4.66.   Singapore recogniz es that capacity constraints may have limited Belize 's participation in the 
WTO thus far. That said, we strongly encourage Belize to consider devoting resources towards 
enhancing its engagement in the WTO, especially given the growing role of trade in its economy. 
We note that Belize 's record of WTO notifications has been patchy1, and we strongly urge Belize to 
fulfil its notification obligations as soon as possible. Transparency is an essential pre -requisite to a 
predictable, rules -based trading system, which benefits all Members including Belize. The WTO 
Secretariat, other relevant international organisations and development partners have capacity 
building and technical assistance programmes that could be of interest to Belize in this regard. 
Finally, Singapore is also concerned that Belize continues to apply MFN tariffs on seven lines in 
excess of its bound rates. This is an issue with systemic implications and we urge B elize to bring 
its tariff regime into conformity with its WTO commitments as soon as possible.  
NIGERIA  
4.67.   Nigeria is pleased to note from the Secretariat Report that Belize has been able to achieve a 
reasonable and successful level of progress, despite its s mall size and the challenges relating to 
poor infrastructure which have also contributed to the country’s weak economic and trade 
performance. We also note from the same report that, the growth in tourism has been beneficial to 
them. We commend Belize for the success its Government has had in both maintaining production 
and exports of sugar and banana’s as well as developing new products. In this context, we wish to 
also commend Belize for the determination to liberalize its economy.  
4.68.   As indicated in the Sec retariat Report, Nigeria note that, during the period under review, 
Belize economy hit by several shocks which have affected the country, in particular, in the areas of 
Agriculture and fisheries sector. Other series of shocks that hit Belize include lack o f institutional 
resources and the slow pace of domestic reform which further hampered their economy’s ability to 
adjust to such shocks. In this context, we call on development partners to assist Belize in 
overcoming the challenges faced.  
4.69.   It is commendable to also note that, Belize in April adopted a Growth and Sustainable 
Development Strategy (GSDS), which is aimed at guiding policies for sustainable and inclusive 
growth during the period 2016 -2020 which is based on several pillars, including market access for 
exports, attracting foreign investment, conducting effective industrial policy, enhancing market 
efficiency, alleviating infrastructural bottlenecks and alignment with the WTO requirements. 
According to Secretariat Report major infrastructure projects envisaged will include the 
construction of new port facilities and upgrading of transport links. It also emphasizes the 
                                                
1 Belize has submitted  some notifications to the WTO in the past on : sanitary and phytosanitary 
measures (SPS); anti -dumping; subsidies and countervailing measures; safeguards; regional trade agreements 
(regarding CARIFORUM);  and rules  of origin . However , no notifications have ever been made in the areas of 
agriculture (domestic support and export subsidies); trade -related investment measures (TRIMs); government 
procurement; import licensing; and state trading enterprises.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  development of priority sectors such as agriculture, agro -processing, tourism, energy and the 
diversification into new products and serv ices among others.  It would be interesting to hear any 
information the delegation of Belize could share regarding the i mplementation achieved so far?  
4.70.   However, Madam Chairperson, there remains some implementation challenges to be tackled 
for Belize to tap  the potential and to accelerate its economic growth. In particular, there is the 
need for more policy reforms to lessen the impediments to  trade and to carefully prioritiz e public 
investments. It is my delegation’s view that urgent attention be given to t he challenges highlighted 
in the report in order to help Belize economy to further enhance the country’s trade policy making 
processes and implementation.    
4.71.   As highlighted in the same report, Nigeria also notes  the courageous policies Belize launched 
in 2016 as its first trade policy framework. The policy’s main objective is to develop a policy that 
will guide long -term planning and evaluation of implementation projects over the next ten years. 
According to the report, the long term plan has five objective s that include: to expand foreign 
trade for sustainable economic development; to develop human capital and foster an 
entrepreneurial spirit; to achieve higher standards of living for Belizeans; to develop efficient 
productive practices to boost internation al competitiveness; and; to enhance trade relations with a 
focus on Latin America and Caribbean.  We commend Belize for the reform policies which we 
believe would address the economic c hallenges facing the country.   
4.72.   As a Member of ACP Group, my delegation  looks forward to further collaboration with the 
delegation  of Belize.  
4.73.   We wish Belize a successful trade policy review.  I thank you.  
EL SALVADOR  
4.74.   In spite of the challenges and vulnerabilities experienced by Belize, we note its focus on 
developing a strate gic approach to trade policy and attaining the Global Sustainable Development 
Goals. This has resulted in a National Trade Policy Framework and a Growth and Sustainable 
Development Strategy, as well as the adoption of the National Trade Policy Framework ap proved 
in 2015, which provides a set of policy commitments for both the Government and the private 
sector and which will lead to the development of Belize's first comprehensive National Trade Policy, 
as explained in the Government report.  
4.75.   Belize's economy is strongly supported by the services sector, especially tourism, which 
benefits from a number of factors including the country's wealth of natural resources and their 
beauty. As highlighted in the Secretariat report, the tourism sector has received the gr eatest 
amount of foreign direct investment, destined for hotels and restaurants.  
4.76.   Belize has a diaspora of more than 50,000 Salvadorans, many of whom were born in Belize, 
which also makes them Belizeans.  
4.77.   Belize has been a member of the Central American Inte gration System (SICA) since 2000. 
While negotiations on a partial scope agreement between Belize and El Salvador have not yet been 
concluded, a Basic Convention on Technical, Scientific and Educational Cooperation between the 
two countries was signed in 20 15 within the framework of their political relations.  
4.78.   With regard to trade, the Secretariat report explains that in 2015, 10% of Belize's total 
goods imports were of Salvadoran origin, a proportion that remained fairly stable throughout the 
period under re view. According to data from our Central Reserve Bank, the average value of total 
trade between El Salvador and Belize was US$12  million, the main export products being 
cardboard boxes, cement, medicines for human use, cereals, profiles of aluminium alloys  and 
preforms for plastic containers, while the main products imported from Belize included vegetable 
materials used for animal feed, and organic chemicals.  
4.79.   In light of the foregoing, it only remains for us to congratulate Belize and wish it every 
success in this exercise and in the years to come.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  4.80.   May I take this opportunity to express our appreciation and gratitude to you, Madam Chair, 
for your dedicated and productive work at the helm of the Trade Policy Review Body. Your 
professionalism, dynamism and lea dership skills have been clear to see throughout this period.  
BRAZIL  
4.81.   The Secretariat reports that foreign trade is important to Belize, accounting for 129% of 
GDP in 2015. Tourism, oil and agriculture are particularly relevant sectors. Although GDP growth 
has been volatile in recent years, the Growth and Sustainable Development Strategy and the 
National Trade Policy Framework will be relevant tools to tackle the country 's challenges and 
attract international investment.  
4.82.   In trade, important improvements have  taken place recently in areas such as customs 
procedures, with the implementation of UNCTAD 's Automated System for Customs Data and the 
ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement. Legislation on government procurement and 
competition policy is going  forward. Also, the number of products subject to import licenses was 
halved, even though the following "tariffication " resulted in some applied tariffs exceeding their 
bound rates  
4.83.   Brazil welcomes Belize 's efforts to improve its compliance with WTO transpa rency 
provisions. In our experience, fulfilling these obligations has a twofold purpose: internationally, it 
gives predictability to trade partners and, domestically, it can be a useful means to educate 
national regulators.  
4.84.   On the bilateral front, the Braz ilian Government looks forward to the intensification of trade 
flows, which remain extremely modest, and could be improved. Brazil continues to follow with 
interest domestic developments in Belize with regard to its trade policy.  
BARBADOS  
4.85.   We wish to commen d the Government of Belize for its credible economic performance since 
its last trade policy review in 2010. Belize has been faced with various challenges over the review 
period which have resulted in fluctuations in GDP growth having risen from 0.7% in 20 13 to 4.1% 
in 2014, and then falling to 2.9% in 2015.  
4.86.   The country 's vulnerability to internal and external shocks including natural disasters and 
diseases which have affected its agriculture and fisheries sectors; its poor infrastructure and high 
debt leve ls, have been attributed to much of the country 's inability to maintain sustained economic 
growth and development.  
4.87.   Barbados therefore recognizes Belize 's efforts to address its challenges through policies 
which seek to modernize its economy, improve its in frastructure framework and to diversify its 
production base into new products and services. In this regard, we commend Belize on the 
conceptualization of its National Tourism Act which will serve as an instrument for long -term 
planning and development for its tourism industry and the adoption of its Growth and Sustainable 
Development Strategy (GSDS) which is aimed at galvanizing the country ' sustainable and inclusive 
growth policies over the period 2016 -2020. The key initiatives to be undertaken include: th e 
construction of new port facilities, and upgrading of transport links and the identification of the 
priority sectors – agriculture, agro -processing, tourism, and energy – for enhanced development. 
We believe that these and other initiatives augur well fo r the future of Belize and wish them well in 
their implementation.  
4.88.   Barbados and Belize, as sister Caribbean Community (CARICOM) members and partners, 
maintain a strong trade and political bond. Trade policy forms an integral part of this relationship. 
The region 's efforts at regional integration seek among other things to expand the export potential 
of the small economies in CARICOM. This has been outlined as one of the key objectives in the 
Belize 's core economic thrusts and is elaborated in their trade po licy framework which envisions 
long-term planning, the evaluation of the implementation of projects over the next 10 years, and 
the stimulation and growth of Belize 's domestic and international trade as its main objectives.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  4.89.   We strongly believe that it is c rucial to allow for the provision of the necessary policy space 
which would enable small economics to formulate and implement trade and national development 
policies. It is also critical that in our deliberations in this House, we incorporate the requisite  
flexibilities and special and differential treatment which would enable these economies to 
successfully pursue their trade and sustainable developmental objectives and become more fully 
integrated into the multilateral trading system.  
HAÏTI 
4.90.   Belize and Hai ti maintain relations at regional level as Caribbean Community members. As a 
result, they face a number of common regional challenges, such as natural disasters.  
4.91.    The Haitian delegation welcomes the reforms undertaken by Belize at all levels to promote 
its development and honour its WTO commitments. We note the progress made in the services 
sector, which is an important part of Belize's economy.  
4.92.   Generally speaking, the progress made since Belize's second trade policy review is 
encouraging. Haiti encourages Belize to continue along this path.  
4.93.   Lastly, Haiti congratulates Belize on its trade policy review and wishes it every success in 
this exercise.  
GUYANA  
4.94.   Guyana is pleased to be here, now with the representation in Geneva since last October and 
we hope that B elize will consider joining us with a Mission in Geneva in the near future.  
4.95.   We would like to congratulate Belize, our special CARICOM sister country, on its 
considerable efforts to increase its capacity to perform effectively as a WTO Member. We point 
especially to the trade policy framework developed and the new unit for WTO matters established 
in 2016. We recognize Belize 's commitment to the CSME and to its implementation of the Trade 
Facilitation Agreement.  
4.96.   As a fellow CARICOM State , situated in one of t he most vulnerable zones in terms of natural 
disasters and as a small economy, we support Belize 's call for increased development cooperation 
and aid for trade to advance diversification and to increasingly liberalize its trade regime.  
4.97.   We understand the ch allenges Belize faces in terms of its capacity to comply with WTO 
expectations, especially with regard to some of its bound rates. Guyana faces the same 
challenges. We appreciate all the efforts Belize continues to make in this regard.  
4.98.   In closing, we thank  Belize for its report and we wish Belize success in this trade policy 
review and that this review results in contributing to Belize 's economic and social development.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRE SENTATIVE OF BELIZE  AND ADDITIONAL COMME NTS 
5.1.  Madam Chairperson, Perm anent Representative Irene Youn g; Discussant Ambassador Peter 
Matt; Director -Trade Policy Review Division Mr. Willy Alfaro; and distinguished representatives.  
5.2.  On beh alf of the Government of Belize  and my delegation, I wish to state at the onset that 
we hav e carefully noted both the acknowledgments of the progress Belize has made since the last 
review, as well as the positive and constructive advice provided by the R epresentatives who 
intervened in Monday 's session. We have also noted the offers of technical  assistance  and will be 
following up on those . Before concluding, allow me to clarify some of the issues raised and to 
outline the key policy actions that Belize will endeavor to implement moving forward. Where 
necessary, we will provide other clarificatio ns, in writing, within the next month.  
Economic Environment  
5.3.  Having taken into account the review process thus far, the issues extensively discussed 
therein, and the current economic processes underw ay in Belize, I wish to assure M embers that 
Belize will co ntinue the economic reform process already underway. Key structural reforms include 
the modernization of the legal and institutional frameworks in various sectors of governance. For 
example, the Central Bank of Belize through technical assistance from the World Bank has 
developed a modern national payments infrastructure that aims at addressing issues such as 
liquidity, credit, operations and legal risk in accordance  with international standards.  
5.4.  Additionally, the Central Bank, with assistance from the Inte rnational Finance Corporation 
(IFC) is developing a National Credit Bureau System in Belize. The Bureau should help to reduce 
credit risk, processing times and costs associated with credit access, resulting in a more effective 
and efficient distribution of  credit in the domestic system. Further, as a component of the national 
payments system, the Central Bank launched the Automated Payment and Securities Settlement 
System (APSSS) in 2016, interconnecting domestic financial institutions so as to further faci litate 
large and small value payments and allow for electronic auction and registration of government 
securities.  
5.5.  One other clarification I seek to make here  is that in relation to the question of bond 
payments on the external public debt, my Government, in fact, succeeded in renegotiation of its 
bond payment obligations, resulting in a 25% reduction in the value of the bonds and significant 
savings to the economy. Belize is fully compliant with its external debt obligations.  
Trade and Investment Regimes  
5.6.  Belize wishes to again underscore its intention to strengthen it s trade and investment regime. 
We have taken proactive steps towards a modernized trade policy r ooted in the multilateral 
rules-based system of the WTO. This is evident not only in our cabinet  approved National Trade 
Policy Framework, but also in the institutional strengthening of the Directorate General for Foreign 
Trade and the guidance being provided by the National Trade Adviser who has made available to 
Belize by the Commonwealth Secretari at under its Hubs and Spokes II Programme, and who is 
specifically tasked with guiding the formulation of our national trade policy. In addition, our 
national trade policy will be the guiding document for achieving greater integration into the 
multilateral  trading system by enhancing the productive sector through improved production 
structures and quality controls, resulting in greater competitiveness.  
5.7.  We agree that our efforts in pursing our multilateral trading agenda have been hampered by 
the absence of  a permanent mission in Geneva, as noted b y the M embers during the discussions. I 
am pleased to report that Belize will be exploring all possible  avenues to make this a reality. Our 
intent, after having commenced with the trade policy reform and with repre sentation in Geneva, is 
fundamentally to ensure adequate p articipation in the WTO process  to improve linkages and 
networking with the Secretariat and other M embers, and , of course,  to effectively address our 
compliance and notification shortfalls.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  Trade P olicies and Practices by Measure  
5.8.  Belize has taken careful note of the concerns raised by M embers regarding customs 
procedures and trade facilitation , and especially the notification of C ategories B and C measures 
under the TFA. It is our intention to work hard towards fulfilling this obligation before the end of 
the third quarter of 2017. Furthermore, trade facilitation is a key pillar in our National Trade Policy 
Framework, primarily because we intend to improve our "ease of doing business " ranking in the 
various indices for trade facilitation. This will include decreasing  the time required for border 
clearances and overall customs clearance of  goods.  
5.9.  With respect to tariffs, Belize fully intends to abide by its commitments on tariff bindings 
within the mul tilateral trading system and is taking measures to align applied rates to bound rates 
by the third quarter of 2017.  
5.10.   With respect to Belize 's outstanding notification obligations, we intend to submit to the WTO 
pending notifications, including on state trad ing enterprises, agriculture, standards and technical 
regulations, and SPS measures by the end of 2017.  
5.11.   In the context of its trade policy framework and the strengthened institutional structure of 
the DGFT, Belize intends to address the concerns raised by Members during the course o f this 
review.  
Sectoral Policies  
5.12.   Belize recognizes the significant contribution of the tourism sector to its economy and has 
prioritized, through the National Sustainable Tourism Master Plan, and policy actions aimed at 
growing t he sector despite the shortcomings and challenges faced. Key among these include: air 
connectivity, including from Europe; development of new internal tourism destinations; important 
port infrastructure development; and the expansion of hotel and other acc ommodation facilities.  
5.13.   With regard to the issue of security, we are fully cognizant of the various citizen security 
threats facing nations like Belize in the sub -regions of Central America and the Caribbean, and the 
adverse effects that this can have on tourism. At the national level, we are committed to serious 
policy reforms and action. Belize 's Growth and Sustainable Development Strategy has , as its fourth 
critical success factor , the improvement of Governance and Citizen Security. The key objectives 
under this area include: improvement of technical and political governance systems; amelioration 
of social issues that fuel crime; effective policing; better administration of justice; and maintaining 
the integrity of our national borders. There is also now a new National Security and Defense 
Strategy that lays out a vision, objectives and plans for 2017 -2020. Belize looks forward to 
effective cooperati on and experience sharing with M embers to ensure that the crime situation is 
controlled  not only for the gen eral safety of its citizens but also for visitors alike. Several national 
and regional initiatives are underway in this r egard, some with the support of States here 
represented and we will pursue further assistance.  
5.14.   It is a well -known fact that small and v ulnerable economies are especially affected by low 
levels of diversification due to their sector concentrated economies, such as our reliance on 
agriculture. Belize , of course,  is not an exception, and in this regard we intend to continue to 
pursue economi c diversification through a sustainable balance in domestic investments and 
Foreign Direct Investments in line with our National Export Strategy and our Growth and 
Sustainable Development Strategy. Belize has made progress towards diversification to servic es 
over the past period under review, especially in the area of tourism. We will also continue to seek 
technical and financial assistance in areas where this will add value.  
Conclusion  
5.15.   Finally, as we come to the conclusion of this important review  meeting,  I wish to express my 
Government 's sincere thanks and appreciation to the WTO Secretariat and all M embers present 
who have contributed to this fruitful session and its successful conclusion. Also thanks to our 
discussant, Ambassador Peter Matt. In the peri od leading to its fourth TPR in 2024, Belize intends 
to move forward with the implementation of the WTO Agreement, including any  new decisions 
reached by this Organization. We intend  to address the shortcoming  that we mutually agree on. In WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  particular, we w ill act to strengthen our relations and our interactions with other Members  and in 
particular with those with whom we conduct significant trade.  
5.16.   Once again, we wish to underscore our sincere appreciation for the feedback and the  
positive  advice we have re ceived from all M embers and the Secretariat during  this third TPR. 
I thank you.  
DISCUSSANT  
5.17.   Thank you, Madam Chair. I 'd like to thank H.E. Ambassador Dylan Vernon and his 
delegation for the hard work they put into this third Trade Policy Review of Belize. W e had  a very 
interesting session last Monday with 16 delegations taking the floor and highlighting efforts 
accomplished as well as challenges lying ahead.  
5.18.   A TPR is always a good opportunity for the reviewed country to stake stock of its own 
overall econom ic situation and to assess its own policy in the light of this  important  peer review 
mechanism. Belize 's open and constructive approach throughout the TPR has allowed for a fruitful 
and enriching dialogue within this Body.  I would like to commend Belize fo r its commitment to the 
TPR and for the positive approach it has taken.  Let me in the following hi ghlight a few topics raised 
by Members during our discussion this Monday.  
5.19.   The positive role Belize is playing as an open economy in the region was acknowledg ed by 
Members. Members also noted Belize 's vulnerability and its dependence on services and 
agro-products sectors for foreign exchange earnings. Tourism was recognized as a key economic 
driver for growth.  
5.20.   Members also acknowledged Belize 's exposure to nat ural disaster and its impact on the 
economic development. They commended Belize 's achievement despite these difficult 
circumstances. Members however also noted the lack of institutional resources and the slow pace 
of domestic reforms. The importance of clo se cooperation with development partne rs was 
generally recognized by M embers and Belize.  
5.21.   Members welcomed the adoption of the Growth and Sustainable Development Strategy 
(GSDS) and of a National Trade Policy Framework as a key step for national development . They 
underlined the importance of diversification of the Belizean economy, but also noted the progress 
that Belize has already achieved in this regard.  
5.22.   Increasing insecurity, like high homicide rates, in Belize and its adverse effect on the 
economic dev elopment an d growth was a concern to some M embers. Belize was also encouraged 
to enact legislation and implement policies that prevent expropriation of foreign owned companies 
and to re -assure potential foreign investors.  
5.23.   Members also raised concerns with regard to Belize 's fiscal environment as impediment to 
trade and underlined the importance to improve this environment. Members also welcomed the 
implementation of anti -money laundering and counter terrorism legislation and encouraged Belize 
to further str engthen these  efforts and international cooperation in this regard.  
5.24.   Belize was rightly praised for being one of the first countries to deposit its instrument of 
ratification to the Trade Facilitation Agreement. Members also commended Belize for its nation al 
implementation policy and encouraged the country to submit its Category B and C notifications as 
soon as possible. On customs procedure , Members also welcomed the implementation of Asycuda 
World.  
5.25.   With regard to the import license  requirement , Members c ommended Belize for reducing the 
number of required licenses  and encouraged the country to continue reducing the number of 
products requiring such a license .  
5.26.   Members also stressed the importance to align Belizean applied tariffs and its legislation on 
investment with its WTO commitment and commended the efforts undertaken so far by the 
Government of Belize. Some M embers encouraged Belize to improve its compliance with regard to 
notification requirements under WTO law.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  5.27.   The importanc e of establishing a dipl omatic M ission in Geneva was also highlighted by 
Members.  
5.28.   Furthermore , Members praised Belize for developing legislation on government procurement 
and on competition and underlined the importance to continue these efforts. They underlined the 
importance of  these projects to foster Belize 's further integration into the multilateral system.  
5.29.   Members also stressed the importance of intellectual property protection and encouraged 
Belize to join WIPO internet treaties.  
5.30.   To conclude , it is fair to praise Belize f or its open economy and for the achievements 
realized during the reporting period in rather challenging circumstances. Belize is clearly on the 
right track. We all should encourage and support the Government of Belize to continue this path.  I 
would also pa rticularly commend Belize for its clear commitment to the WTO.  
5.31.   I wish Belize every success in its strive for economic, sustainable development for the good 
of its people. Thank you.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
5.32.   Let me first thank the d elegation  of Belize for the compreh ensive overview presented on 
Monday and also this morning that provided a good opportunity to gain a better understanding of 
the main developments that have occurred during the period under review.  
5.33.   The EU has appreciated the presentation given by Belize o n its recently launched first Trade 
Policy Framework and the Growth and Sustainable Development Strategy. The EU sees it as a very 
positive step in the right direction that should help the country in diversifying its economy. This is 
also a key objective o f the Economic Partnership Agreement between the EU and the Caribbean 
Forum of ACP States (CARIFORUM).  
5.34.   The EU also welcome s Belize 's initiative to establish a new unit devoted to WTO matters, 
which will , among other things,  work on the notifications and  we are confident that  Belize will 
catch up on the  delay and will start submitting its due notifications.  
5.35.   Concluding, the EU was happy to  hear that Belize will use this T rade Policy Review  as a 
"spring board " for effective trade policy development and stands ready to support the country as 
needed.  
5.36.   The EU has no follow -up questions and we thank Belize for participating in this exercise.  
THE SEPARATE  CUSTOMS  TERRITORY  OF TAIWAN,  PENGHU,  KINMEN  AND  MATSU  
5.37.   From the last two  days' discussions, we have known that, tr aditionally, Belize has good 
quality of agricultural and fishery product, and in the m odern time, Belize has become a  very 
important services provider. We would like to encourage Belize to take its geographic and 
language advantages to improve the tourism,  offshore finance, ICT services and ship flag 
registration business, then I believe Belize 's economy will grow faster.  
5.38.   Moreover, on behalf of my country, I would like to reassure our cooperation with Belize will 
be last forever. Our technical teams will m ake customer s design projects for Belize 's Government 
and people. Final ly, I would like to wish Ambassador  Vernon and his team a safe trip back home.  
5.39.   Madam Chair, since this is your last meeting today, I would just like to take this opportunity 
to thank yo u for your leadership and the guidance for the last 23 TPR meetings and we appreciate 
your hard work and wish you all the best to your next Chairpersonship.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.40.   We would like to take this opportunity to thank you for your work on the TPR. We have 
always appreciated your very cheerful and effective presence up at the podium. We would also like WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  to thank Ambassador Vernon and the entire delegation of Belize for the opportunity to be with you 
today.  
5.41.   We know how much work and coordination goes into these trade policy review preparations 
and we very sincerely appreciate your active and constructive engagement. We also value very 
much Ambassador Matt 's insights and perspectives as discussant. And, as always, we appreciate 
the expert work of the Secretari at. 
5.42.   Thank you for the summary on day one  and for the detailed responses to two questions 
from the United States. I'm pleased to report from the capital that w e have no follow -up questions 
at this time. We have noted very well various issues of importance raised on Monday by both the 
U.S. and other Members, in particular implementation of the trade policy framework.  
5.43.   We would respectfully encourage Belize to complete proactively addressing economic reform 
and modernization of frameworks and customs procedures , also  to promote sustainable 
development and tourism and to strengthen its trade and investment regime.  
5.44.   We congratulate your team on this successful TPR and wish safe travel s to you all and look 
forward to continue d friendly trade and a cooperative partne rship in Geneva and elsewhere.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS B Y THE CHAIRPERSON  
6.1.  This third Trade Policy Review of Belize has provided us with the opportunity to better 
understand Belize 's trade and investment policies, as well as the changes introduced to them since  
the last Review in 2010. I would like to thank H.E. Ambassador Dylan Vernon and the rest of the 
Belizean delegation for their constructive engagement throughout this exercise. I would also like to 
thank our discussant, H.E. Ambassador  Peter Matt, Permanen t Representative of Liechtenstein, for 
his comprehensive and insightful remarks, as well as the 16 delegations which have taken the 
floor, for their active participation.  
6.2.  During the period under review, Belize 's small and open economy remained vulnerable t o 
internal and external shocks, including natural hazards, resulting in a highly volatile GDP growth 
and a significant widening of the trade deficit. Developments that had affected the economy during 
this review period included: the decline in oil producti on and international oil prices; disease 
outbreaks affecting agriculture and aquaculture; and problems caused by global banks ' de-risking 
measures and the loss of correspondent banking relations. Fortunately, as Members learnt from 
Ambassador Vernon 's open ing statement, operational banking relationships have now been 
restored.  
6.3.  On the bright side, capitalizing on Belize 's natural endowments and archaeological heritage, 
and guided by the National Sustainable Tourism Master Plan, the tourist industry has conso lidated 
itself as the main driver of economic growth and a significant source of foreign exchange and 
employment, which was particularly useful in diversifying the economy. Members welcomed 
Belize 's efforts in this regard, and encouraged it to address supp ly capacity constraints by further 
improving the country 's infrastructure and international connectivity.  
6.4.  Another milestone of this period was the adoption of the country 's first National Trade Policy 
Framework, which should lead to the formulation of a co mprehensive Trade Policy by the end of 
2018, to guide future reforms and action plans.  
6.5.  Members welcomed Belize 's participation in the WTO, and some encouraged it to con sider 
establishing a permanent M ission in Geneva. Belize was commended specifically for  being among 
the first Members to ratify the Trade Facilitation Agreement and for having notified its Category A 
commitments. We were informed that the Category B and C commitments would also be notified 
to the WTO by the third quarter of 2017. With these,  and the recent establishment of a National 
Committee on Trade Facilitation, Belize is getting itself ready for the full implementation of the 
Agreement.  
6.6.  Members, however, were concerned that Belize had not submitted notifications in a number 
of areas, and  urged for compliance with the WTO requirements. The Belize delegation recognized 
the urgent need to address this issue, and seeing it as a problem of the lack of technical capacity 
on the admin istration 's part, it believed that the recent establishment of  a new government unit 
devoted to WTO matters should contribute to improving Belize 's notifications record. At the same 
time, implementation of the National Trade Policy Framework should also help enhance the 
administration 's trade -related institutional ca pacity.  
6.7.  Outside of the WTO, Belize also participates in the CARICOM integration process, and plans to 
explore further economic integration with its Central American trading partners. Members 
encouraged Belize to continue engagement in regional integration and trade liberalization 
schemes.  
6.8.  Regarding specific trade policies, Members welcomed Belize 's efforts to modernize its trade 
regime and customs procedures. They commended Belize for having implemented Asycuda World, 
and for setting up a Voluntary Complian ce Programme for importers, and trying out a virtual 
license  application system.  
6.9.  Members also appreciated that the authorities had reduced by half the number of products 
subject to import licensing. However, some Members noted that this was followed by tar iffication, 
resulting in some applied MFN tariffs exceeding their bound rates. We understood from the Belize 
delegation that the Government was exploring the possibility of further reducing import licensing WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  requirements, and that breaches of bound rates we re expected to be corrected by June 2017 with 
the introduction of a revised Tariff Schedule.  
6.10.   Several Members highlighted Belize 's three incentive programmes granting export subsidies, 
which – according to WTO rules - should have been eliminated by 31 Decem ber 2015. They 
acknowledged Belize 's ongoing efforts to amend the relevant legislation and urged Belize to 
complete the amendment process. In his statement, the representative of Belize announced that 
the amendments to the Fiscal Incentives Act and the Fre e Zones Act, as well as the replacement of 
the Export Processing Zones Act, were expected to be finalized by the end of 2017.  
6.11.   Some Members noted that Belize was developing a competition bill and, together with other 
CARICOM members, new legislation on gove rnment procurement. They encouraged Belize to 
finalize these legal instruments. Separately, Belize was commended for its acceptance of the 
Protocol amending the TRIPS Agreement; while some Members encouraged Belize to join the WIPO 
treaties.  
6.12.   Commenting on Belize 's sectoral trade policies, Members recognized the importance of the 
services sector to Belize 's economy, and acknowledged the recent reforms to its financial services 
regulatory framework. Regarding telecommunications, the establishment of Belize 's first Internet 
Exchange Point was considered as a positive step to reduce the costs of local internet traffic. 
Members also noted that ICT services were fast becoming more popular in the country. In the area 
of transport, some Members welcomed Belize 's efforts to improve its air transport infrastructure 
and air links, and encouraged Belize to replicate such efforts to enhance land and maritime 
transport.  
6.13.   Belize has provided answers to all advance written questions raised by Members, as well as 
to all addit ional written questions that came after the deadline. In its responding remarks just 
now, Belize has provided further clarifications. I thank the delegation for its prompt and helpful 
responses.  
6.14.   At the beginning of Monday 's meeting, Ambassador Vernon said that it was Belize 's intention 
to use this trade policy review as a springboard for effective trade policy development and deeper 
integration into the global economy. I hope our discussion over the past two days has indeed 
served its purpose, and I congrat ulate Belize on the successful conclusion of this TPR.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  7  ELECTION OF A NEW TP RB CHAIRPERSON  
7.1.  I said in my introductory remarks on Day One that we would have a special agenda item 
today, which is the election of a new Chairperson. This is to formaliz e the con sensus reached at 
the General Council meeting of 7 April, that the Permanent Representativ e of Colombia, 
H.E. Ambassador Juan Carlos Gonzalez, will be chairing the Trade Policy Review Body in 2017.  
7.2.  In accordance with the Rules of Procedure of this body, I now invite Members to elect 
Ambassador Gonzal ez as the Chairperson for 2017.  You may wish to confirm  your agreement by 
acclamation. It is so agreed [gavel]. Thank you.  
7.3.  Unfortunately, Ambassador Gonzalez is unable to attend today 's meeting. His appointment 
will therefore take effect from the next meeting, which is Mozambique 's Trade Policy Re view, on 
3 May 2017. 
COLOMBIA  
7.4.  Thank you very much, Madam Chair. On behalf of Ambassador González, who apologises for 
not being here today due to some last -minute busines s out of town, we would like to thank you for 
the support given to him, and the trust invested in him, as he leads the work of this Body.  
7.5.  We would also like to highlight your leadership and excellent work, Madam Chair, and hope to 
have your support and gui dance during the work that is to be carried out by Ambassador  González 
this year. Thank you very much.  
CHAIRPERSON  
7.6.  Thank you very much. I would not be able to guide the work of Ambassador Gonzalez but I 
will be very happy to help him in whatever way I can.  
7.7.  As I handover the gavel and wish Ambassador Gonzalez every success in the year ahead, I 
would like to take this opportunity also to thank everyone who had contributed to the work o f the 
TPRB over the past year. Together we have been through 54 formal and  informal meetings, 
covering 23  TPRs, a full Appraisal of the TPRM, as well as the Director -General 's regular reports  on 
trade policy developments. The smooth conduct of all these meetings, and their successful 
conclusion, would not have been possible witho ut your active participation and strong support.  
7.8.  I am immensely grateful to the Secretariat team, for giving me all the help that I need to do 
the job properly. Thanks to your professionalism and dedication, we have Reports of superb  
quality, capital visit s which really make a difference, and at all times y our expert advice to count 
on. Willy, and your team  members:  you have been my counsellors, partners, and will remain my 
friends.  
7.9.  Special thanks to the 22 Ambassadors and Permanent Representatives who had kindly 
accepted my invitation to se rve as Discussants at the TPRs.  Some of them have already left 
Geneva, but I would like to put on record my sincere appreciation for the extra work that they had 
done for the TPRB, am idst their own very busy schedule. Their serious efforts and useful input 
deserve our highest regard.  
7.10.   Finally, I wish to thank Members for entrusting me with the work of the TPRB and allowing 
me to serve you in this capacity.  Our founding fathers had had the wisdom of putting the TPR 
mechanism  in place, and it falls on all of us, the successive generations of WTO delegat es, to make 
the best use of this mechanism . I have had the honour and privilege, not only to learn from the 
TPRM, but also to contribute to its maintenance and improvement.  
7.11.   The biggest reward, to me, is knowing that the work of the TPRB has an impact on 
Members ' trade policies, guidi ng their development and catalyzing their reforms. Every time I hear 
senior capital officials say that their policy changes were inspired by the fran k exchanges at 
previous TPRs, I know that our hard work is bearing fruit.  WT/TPR/M/3 53 • Belize  
 
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  7.12.   At the WTO, we seek to create a more open and level playing field for international trade, 
thereby contributing to the economic growth and development for all.  Through its tireless, 
persistent and solid work, the TPRB is quietly bu t steadily contributing to  this vision.  As Members 
of the TPRB, we should be proud of ha ving been part of this process.  As your chair for the past 
year, I certainly am.  
7.13.   With these words, I declare the meetin g closed.  
__________