DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  
  DUS 249-4 
First Edition  
2013 -mm-dd 
 
 
 Reference number  
DUS 249-4: 2013 
© UNBS 2013   
  
Engine Oils - Performance Classification -part 4 S pecification for 
internal combustion engine oils used in four -stroke -cycle 
motorcycle g asoline engines and associated d rive trains.  
 DUS 249-4: 2013  
ii © UNBS 2013  – All rights reserved  
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct application  
© UNBS 200 7  
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be repro duced or utilised in any 
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permission from UNBS.  
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to  
The Executive Director  
Ugan da National Bureau of Standards  
P.O. Box 6329  
Kampala  
Uganda  
Tel: 256 41 4 505 995  
Fax: 256 41 4 286 123  
E-mail: unbs@infocom.co.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  DUS 249-4:2013  
© UNBS 2013  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  iv 
Introduction  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  v 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Conformance  ................................ ................................ ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.  
3 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
4 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  2 
5 Symbols (and abbreviated terms)  ................................ ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.  
6 Clause  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  2 
6.1 Subclause (level  1) ................................ ................................ .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.  
6.1.1 Subclause (level  2) ................................ ................................ .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.  
6.1.2 Subclause (level  2) ................................ ................................ .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.  
6.2 Subclause (level  1) ................................ ................................ .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.  
7 Clause  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.  
8 Special  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.  
Annex  A (normative)   Annex title  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................  7 
A.1 General  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  7 
A.2 Clause  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  7 
A.2.1 Subclause (level  1) ................................ ................................ .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.  
A.2.2 Subclause (level  1) ................................ ................................ .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.  
A.3 Clause  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.  
Annex  B (informative)   Which styles correspond to which element  — Quick reference guide Error! Bookmark not defined.  
Bibliography  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  9 
 DUS 249-4: 2013  
iv © UNBS 2013  – All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) i s a parastatal under the Ministry of Tourism, Trade and 
Industry established under Cap 327 , of the Laws of Uganda.  UNBS is mandated to co -ordinate the 
elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT/SPS Agreements of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).  
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees.  A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of representatives of 
consumers, traders, academicians, manufacturers, government and other stakeholders.  
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical  Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.  
Committee m embership  DUS 249-4:2013  
© UNBS 2013  – All rights reserved  v 
 Introduction  
This Draft Uganda Standard aims to specify the minimum performance requirements for four -stroke engine 
oils used in land - based small engines  and to classify their performance according to their frictional properties. 
Land - based sm all engines is a common industry description intended to separate engines normally used in 
motorcycles, motor scooters, all - terrain vehicles (ATVs)  from the generally larger, two - stroke and four - 
stroke engines utilized in passenger cars, light - medium - and heavy - duty trucks and other industrial 
equipment.  
Unique lubricant performance standards have not been in existence for four -stroke engine oils used in 
motorcycles, motor scooters, all -terrain vehicles (ATVs) and related equipment. As a consequence,  
manufacturers of these kind of equipment have experienced field -related problems where four -stroke engine 
oils not meeting the unique frictional requirements of some of these engines have been used. The intent of 
this Draft Uganda Standard is to enable en gine manufacturers to better communicate the lubricant needs of 
their engines to consumers and, thus, assist the consumer in selecting the proper lubricant from the many 
available in the marketplace.  
 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD  DUS 249-4: 2013  
 
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  1 
 Engine Oils  — Performance Classification  — Part 4: 
Specification for Internal Combustion engine oils used in four - 
stroke cycle motorcycle gasoline engines and associated drive 
trains  
1 Scope  
This Draft Uganda  Standard specifies the requirements of lubricating engine oils (hereinafter referred to as  
―four-stroke engine oils‖) to be used in four -stroke cycle spark ignition gasoline engines employing a common  
sump containing the lubricating oil for both the engine and associated drive  train (transmission, clutch, starter)  
of motorcycles, motor scooters, all -terrain vehicles (ATVs) and related equipment. Classification of four -stroke  
engine oils is defined in US ISO 6743 -15 [1].  Among all of the categories covered by ISO 6743 -15, this  
Uganda  Standard includes categories EMA and EMB.  
This Standard specifies the pe rformance classification of four -stroke cycle gasoline engine oils  based on 
physical and chemical properties, and three friction performance indices, which are derived from the  frictional 
properties of the lubricant, according to the JASO T904 test procedu re1). 
 
NOTE:  For th e purposes of this Uganda  Standard, the term ―% (m/m)‖ is used to represent the mass fraction.  
2 Normative references  
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only t he edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies.  
ISO 3987, Petroleum products — Lubricating oils and additives — Determination of sulfated ash  
ISO 6247, Petroleum products — Determination of foaming characteristics of lubricating oils  
ISO 20844, Petroleum and related products — Determination of the shear stability of polymer -containing oils 
using a diesel injector nozzle  
ASTM D4683, Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosit y at High Shear Rate and High Temperature by 
Tapered Bearing Simulator  
ASTM D4741, Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear rate by 
Tapered -Plug Viscosimeter  
ASTM D4951, Standard Test Method for Determination of Addit ive Elements in Lubricating Oils by Inductively 
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy  
ASTM D5800 Standard test method for evaporation loss of lubricating oils by Noack Method.  
1) JASO T904:2006 is based upon the test procedures and specifications de veloped by the Japanese Automobile  
Standards Organization (JASO) of the Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. (JSAE). JASO was joined in this  
effort by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the Coordinating European Council for  the 
development of performance tests for lubricants and engine fuels (CEC). Lubricants meeting this International Standard   
2 © UNBS 2013  – All rights reserved  
 can be applied to four -stroke -cycle spark -ignition gasoline engines used in transportation, leisure and utility applications,  
such a s motorcycles, motor scooters, ATVs and related equipment.  
JASO T904, Motorcycles — Four Stroke Cycle Gasoline Engine Oils — Friction Properties Test for the Clutch 
Systems  
US 249 -1 Engine Oil - Performance Classification - Part 1 - General  
US ISO 6743 -15 Lub ricants, industrial Oils and related products (class L) - classification - Part 15: Family E 
(Internal combustion engine oils)  
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions in addition to those in US 249 -1, sh all 
apply  
3.1 
candidate oil  
four-stroke cycle engine oil whose performance is subject to evaluation in this test method  
3.2 
reference oil  
four-stroke cycle engine oil of known performance that is used for comparison to categorize the performance  
of a cand idate oil  
NOTE:  Two standard reference oils are used for comparison purposes in evaluating the performance of a candidate  
oil: JAFRE -A (Japanese Four -Stroke Cycle Engine Reference Oil -A) with high frictional properties and JAFRE -B 
(Japanese Four -Stroke Cyc le Engine Reference Oil -B) with low frictional properties 2). 
3.3 
friction index  
relative performance index, which is determined by comparing the test results of the candidate oil with the  
results of the reference oils  
3.4 
dynamic friction index  
DFI 
result ant index determined from the dynamic friction coefficients, d, obtained from the dynamic friction test  
3.5 
static friction index  
SFI 
resultant index determined from the static friction coefficients, s, obtained from the static friction test  
3.6 
stop time index  
STI 
resultant index determined from the stop time, ST , obtained from the dynamic friction test  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DUS 249-4: 2013  
© UNBS 2013  – All rights reserv ed 3 
 2) Reference oils can be ordered from Technical Center, Japan Lubricating Oil Society, 2 -16-1, Hinode, 
Funabashi -shi, Chiba 273 -0015, Japan, Tel.: +81 47 433 5181, Fax: +81 47 431 9579.  
 
 
4 Four -stroke c ycle engine oil requirements  
4.1 General performance level  
4.1.1  Candidate four -stroke cycle engine oils shall be formulated such that their engine performance be of a 
quality level at least equivalent to one or more of the performance categories for engin e oil specifications 
given in Table 1.  
Table 1 — Engine oil performance categories  
Specifications  Performance Categories  
API a SJ, SL, SM  
ILSAC b GF- 5 
ACEAc A1/B1, A3/B3, A5/B5, C2, C3  
a API performance categories and standards are documented in US 24 9-2 and/ or ASTM D 4485  
b As documented in US 249 -2 and/ or in the ILSAC GF -5 minimum performance standard for passenger  car engine oils.  
c ACEA sequence tests and performance levels are documented in  US 249 -2 or the ACEA European oil sequence for  service fill gasoline 
engine oils.  
Note:  The consumer shall refer to the owner‘s or operator‘s manual for recommended category of engine oil to be 
used in a specific engine  
4.1.2  Current (non -obsolete) categories are API: SJ, SL, SM, SN, GF -5 and JASO: MA1, MA2,  MB or their 
ISO equivalent EMA1, EMA2 and EMB.  
4.2 Physical and chemical property requirements  
In addition to prescribed performance requirements, a candidate oil shall also satisfy the physical and 
chemical property requirements given in Table 2. These p hysical and chemical properties be in addition to the 
general performance level values detailed in the performance classification standards described in Table 1.  
Table 2 — Physical and chemical property requirements for four -stroke cycle engine oils  
Requir ement  Unit Limit  Test method  
Sulphated ash  % (m/m)  1.2 max  ISO 3987  
Phosphorous content  % (m/m)  0.12 max  ASTM D4951  
Evaporation loss  % (m/m)  20 max  ASTM D5800  
Foaming T endency  Stability  
 
Sequence I  
Sequence II  
Sequence II I ml  
 
10/0 max  
50/0 max  
10/0 m ax 
 ISO 6247   
4 © UNBS 2013  – All rights reserved  
 Shear stability  
100°C kinematic viscosity 
after test  
XW-30 
XW-40 
XW-50 
Other grades  mm2/s  
 
 
9.0 min  
12.0 min  
15.0 
Stay in grade  ISO 20844  
Viscosity at high shear rate 
and high temperature  
(150°C) mPa.s  2.9 min  ASTM D4683 or ASTM 
D4741  
4.3 Performance requirements  
The performance of four -stroke cycle engine oils is classified into one of two grades, as indicated in Table 3, 
based on the three performance indices derived from the friction indices according to the following:  
The friction inde x, IF, is calculated in accordance with Equation (1):  
IF = 1+ 
JAFREB JAFREAJAFREB Cand
X XX X
  (1) 
 
where  
XCand    is the test result of the candidate oil;  
XJAFREA  is the test result of the reference oil JAFRE -A; 
XJAFRE   is the test result of the reference oil JAFRE -B. 
NOTE  The resultant friction ind ices are calculated such that 2. 00 is obtained when the JAFRE -A oil is evaluated as  
the candidate and 1. 00, when the JAFRE -B oil is evaluated as the candidate.  
Table 3 — Performance classification  
Rated parameter  Performa nce classification  Test method  
EMA  
EMA1  EMA2  
Dynamic friction index (DFI)  ≥ 1.45 and 2.50 ≥ 0.50 and 1.45 JASO T904  
Static friction index (SFI)  ≥ 1.15 and 2.50 ≥ 0.50 and 1.15 
Stop time index (STI)  ≥1.55 and 2.50 ≥ 0.50 and 1.55 
 
Regarding the classification of a candidate oil, if any one or more of the three friction indices (DFI, SFI and  
STI) does not meet the classification of EMA, the candidate four -stroke cycle engine oil shall be classified as  
EMB.  
Given the wide range in allow able EMA indices, further classification can be made into EMA subcategories,  
EMA2 and EMA1, as detailed in Table 4. Subcategories EMA1 and EMA2 may be used only if all the resultant  
friction indices for a candidate oil fall within that specific subcategory . 
Table 4 — Subcategory classification  DUS 249-4: 2013  
© UNBS 2013  – All rights reserv ed 5 
 Rated parameter  Performance classification  Test method  
EMA  
EMA1  EMA2  
Dynamic friction index (DFI)  ≥ 1.45 and 1.80 ≥ 1.80 and 2.50 JASO T904  
Static friction index (SFI)  ≥ 1.15 and 1.70 ≥ 1.70 and 2.50  
Stop time index (STI)  ≥1.55 and 1.90 ≥ 1.90 and 2.50  
5.1 Packaging  
The condition of the drums or smaller containers and the bulk tankers into which the engine oil is filled shall 
have no detrimental effect on the quality of the engine oil during no rmal transportation and storage. Only 
containers of the same size filled with oil of the same batch identification shall be packed together in a carton. 
Prior to use, the containers shall be firmly secured with an aluminium -tamper - proof seal.  
5.2 Labelli ng 
5.2.1  The following information shall appear in legible and indelible marking on each container and each 
carton (if used):  
a) product name for single performance engine oil ‗ Petrol Engine Oil  
b) ISO category  EMA and EMB or JASO equivalent MA and M B respect ively (as specified in US ISO 
6743 -15)  
c) the manufacturer's identification and/or distributor‘s name;  
d) API  and/or ACEA service classification  
e) SAE viscosity grade;  
f) Relevant quality and cer tification marks ; see section 5 .2.3  
g) batch identification;  
h) quanti ty ( l)  
i) origin of the product/Made in.  
j) Expiry date in the form ―dd/mm/yyyy‖  
k) Manufacturing date in the form "dd/mm/yyyy"  
5.2.3 Quality and Certification Marks  
5.2.3.1  API Service Symbol ‘ donut ’ 
5.2.3.1.1  Single Performance Level  
The mark shall be divided into three sections as shown in figure 1.  
 The oil‘s performance level in the top half  
 The centre indicating oil‘s viscosity (SAE oil Viscosity)  
 bottom level to indicate energy conserving or resource conserving properties if present.   
6 © UNBS 2013  – All rights reserved  
 
 
Figure 1 - API symbol for engine oil  of single performance level  
5.2.3.1.2  Multiple Performance levels  
Oils designed for diesel engine service might also meet gasoline engine service . For these oils the 
designation is ―C‖ category first followed by the ―S‖ category. ―C‖ category oils have been formulated primarily 
for diesel engines and may not provide all of the performance requirements consistent with vehicle 
manufacturers‘ recommen dations for gasoline -fueled engines.  
Note:  These oils shall have some requirements as stipulated in US 249 -2. DUS 249-4: 2013  
© UNBS 2013  – All rights reserv ed 7 
 Annex  A 
(informative)  
 
Background and examples of assignment of performance classification  
A.1 Background  
There are several common performance req uirements for the lubrication of motorcycles and automotive  
engines. For many years, the performance requirements of automotive engine oils have been applied to those  
of motorcycles, scooters, ATVs and related equipment without modification. The minimum pe rformance  
requirement for four -stroke engine oils currently recommended by motorcycle and motor scooter  
manufacturers is defined by the API SJ category.  
However, with the recent trend towards improved fuel economy automotive engine oils  (ILSAC GF -5), the 
propensity for  misapplication of some of these oils has increased. Unique lubrication demands exist for the 
transmission  gear, starter and clutch assemblies of motorcycles and motor scooters related to its viscosity and 
frictional  characteristics. For low -viscosity engine oils (0W -20), transmission gear durability is known to 
decrease. In  addition, with heavily friction modified engine oils, clutch slippage can result due to the low 
resultant frictional  properties of the lubricant, especially at high temper atures where oils of higher frictional 
properties are desired.  
The intention of specifying minimum performance requirements and establishing appropriate limits for  
viscosity, volatility and frictional properties, is to minimize the tendency for misapplicat ion and resulting field  
problems. Four -stroke cycle engine oils, as defined by this  Standard, should be classified  according to their 
frictional properties as either EMA, EMA2, EMA1 (high -friction coefficients) or EMB  (low-friction coefficients). 
Note that  there are applications, such as with some ATVs, where oils of lower friction  are more desirable than 
those with higher friction properties, as defined by the JASO T904 test method. Also,  for scooters and/or with 
motorcycles with dry clutches, where clutch  slippage is no longer a concern, it can be  desirable to use oils 
with lower friction characteristics for the derived benefits in fuel economy. Classification of interpreted as an 
indicator of overall perceived quality.  
Furthermore, the phosphorus content of automotive engine oils, such as  those meeting API SM has 
decreased to minimize catalyst poisoning; acceptable ra nges are between a minimum of 0. 06 % ( m/m) to a  
maximum of 0. 08 % ( m/m). Since current motorcycle design has the transmission lubricated by t he engine oil,  
these low -phosphorous oils can lead to an increased propensity for gear pitti ng. To minimize these concerns, 
an acceptable range of phosphorous concentrations was incorporated into t he specification. Based on gear 
durability tests and field experience, the phosphorous li mits were set at a minimum of 0. 08 % ( m/m) and a  
maximum of 0. 12 % ( m/m) to ensure a cap to mitigate catalyst poisoning concerns.  
A.2 Examples of assignment of performance classification  
Table A.1 provides examples of all poss ible combinations of friction indices and their relative classification  
assignments. For example, Sample 2 clearly shows all the friction indices, i. e. static friction index (SFI), 
dynamic friction index (DFI) and stop time index (STI), that fall in the EM A cla ssification. Furthermore, it is 
clear that all the friction indices can be further classified as meeting subcategory EMA1. As such, either the  
EMA general classification or the EMA1 sub  classification may be applied to t his sample lubricant. Samples 4  
through 9 provide examples where one or two of the individual indices do no t meet either subcategory (EMA1 
or EMA2) as represented by the shading, but clearly fall in the EMA category and are classified accordingly.  
Conversely, Samples 10 through 15 provi de examples where one or two of the  friction indices fall into the 
EMB range, and, consequently, these samples can be classified only  as EMB. Subcategories EMA1 and 
EMA2 may be used only if all the resultant friction indices for a candidate oil fall within  that specific  
subcategory.   
8 © UNBS 2013  – All rights reserved  
 Table A.1 - Examples of performance classification assignment  
Sample  DFI SFI STI EMA  EMA1  EMA2  EMB  
1 ≥ 0.50 and 1.45 ≥ 0.50 and 1.15 ≥ 0.50 and 1.55 - - - X 
2 ≥ 1.45 and 1.80 ≥ 1.15 and 1.70 ≥ 1.55 and 1.90 X X - - 
3 ≥1.80 and 2.50 ≥1.70 and 2.50 ≥1.90 and 2.50 X - X - 
4 ≥ 1.45 and 1.80 ≥ 1.70 and 2.50 ≥ 1.90 and 2.50 X - - - 
5 ≥ 1.80 and 2.50 ≥ 1.15 and 1.70 ≥ 1.90 and 2.50 X - - - 
6 ≥1.80 and 2.50 ≥1.70 and 2.50 ≥1.55 and 1.90 X - - - 
7 ≥ 1.45 and 1.80 ≥ 1.15 and 1.70 ≥ 1.90 and 2.50 X - - - 
8 ≥ 1.80 and 2.50 ≥ 1.15 and 1.70 ≥ 1.55 and 1.90 X - - - 
9 ≥1.45 and 1.80 ≥1.70 and 2.50 ≥1.55 and 1.90 X - - - 
10 ≥ 0.50 and 1.45 ≥ 1.15 and 2.50 ≥ 1.55 and 2.50 - - - X 
11 ≥ 1.45 and 2.50 ≥ 0.50 and 1.15 ≥ 1.55 and 2.50 - - - X 
12 ≥1.45 and 2.50 ≥1.15 and 2.50 ≥0.50 and 1.55 - - - X 
13 ≥ 0.50 and 1.45 ≥ 0.50 and 1.15 ≥ 1.55 and 2.50 - - - X 
14 ≥ 1.45 and 2.50 ≥ 0.50 and 1.15 ≥ 1.50 and 1.55 - - - X 
15 ≥0.50 and 1.45 ≥1.15 and 2.50 ≥0.50 and 1.55 - - - X 
 DUS 249-4: 2013  
© UNBS 2013  – All rights reserv ed 9 
 Bibliography  
ASTM D4485, Standard Specification for perform ance of Engine Oils.  
ISO24254:2007 Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) - Family E (Internal combustion 
engine oils) - specifications for use in four -stroke cycle motorcycle gasoline engines and associated 
drevetrains (categories EMA an d EMB)  
. DUS 249-4: 2013  
© UNBS 2013 – All rights reserved  11 
 Certification marking  
Products that conform to Uganda standards may be marked with Uganda National Bureau of Standards 
(UNBS) Certification Mark shown in the figure below.  
The use of the UNBS Certification Mark is governed by the Standards Act, and the Regulations made 
thereunder. This mark can be used only by those licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by 
the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and in conjunction with the relevant Uganda Standard. The 
presence of this mark on a p roduct or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods comply with the 
requirements of that standard under a system of supervision, control and testing in accordance with the 
certification mark scheme of the Uganda National Bureau of Standards. UNBS marked products are 
continually checked by UNBS for conformity to that standard.  
Further particulars of the terms and conditions of licensing may be obtained from the Director, Uganda 
National Bureau of Standards.  
 
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