APPENDIX TABLES Israel WT/TPR/S/272 
 Page 87 
 
 
Table AI.1 
Merchandise exports by group of products, 2005-11 
(US$ million and %) 
 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 
Total (US$ million) 42,770.7 46,791.9 54,091.4 61,337. 5 47,934.6 58, 413.0 67,796.3 
 (%) 
Total primary products 4.4 4.4 4.7 5.7 5.5 6.2 6.1 
   Agriculture 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.4 4.3 3.9 3.6 
      Food 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.8 3.5 3.1 3.0 
      Agricultural raw material 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 
   Mining 1.1 1.3 1.3 2.3 1.2 2.3 2.4 
      Ores and other minerals 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.0 
      Non-ferrous metals 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 
      Fuels 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.0 0.9 1.0 
Manufactures 82.7 82.3 75.6 91.9 93.1 93.0 93.0 
   Iron and steel 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 
   Chemicals 14.8 16.2 15.1 25.2 25.0 26.9 27.6 
         5429 Medicaments, n.e.s. 4.6 6.4 6.1 7.4 8.8 10.3 9.0 
         5989 Chemical products and 
 preparations, n.e.s. 0.0 0.1 0.0 4.2 4.1 4.0 5.1 
         5629 Fertilizers, nes 1.5 1.2 1.6 3.3 2.1 2.6 2.7 
         5422 Medicaments with hormones, 
 etc. of 541.5 but not antibiotics, 
 etc. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.1 
         5112 Cyclic hydrocarbons 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 
         5822 Other plastics, flat shapes, non-
 cellular and not reinforced, etc. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 
         5913 Herbicides and plant-growth 
 regulators, put up for retail sale 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 
         5157 Other heterocyclic compounds; 
 nucleic acids 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 
         5751 Propylene polymers or of other 
 olefins 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 
   Other semi-manufactures 41.0 38.4 38.1 36.2 27.9 31.6 34.0 
         6672 Diamonds (excl. industrial, 
 sorted) not mounted/set 37.4 34.4 34.0 31.6 24.2 28.0 30.4 
         6956 Knives, cutting blades, for 
 machines; plates, etc., for tools 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.3 
   Machinery and transport equipment 18.2 18.7 14.4 22.0 30.7 25.1 22.3 
      Power generating machines 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 
      Other non-electrical machinery 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.7 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 
      Office machines & telecommunication 
 equipment 7.5 7.5 2.6 10.2 16.6 11.8 9.0 
         7764 Electronic integrated circuits 
 and microassemblies 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 7.2 3.7 2.5 
         7649 Parts and accessories for 
 apparatus of division 76 3.4 4.0 0.4 3.1 2.4 1.9 1.4 
      Other electrical machines 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.5 4.4 5.0 5.5 
         7722 Printed circuits 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 1.6 
         7741 Electro-diagnostic apparatus 
 (other than radiological) 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 
         7742 Apparatus based on the use of 
 x-rays or of radiations 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 
      Automotive products 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 1.1 0.7 0.2 
      Other transport equipment 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.4 4.2 3.2 3.1 
         7929 Parts, n.e.s., (excl. tyres, 
 engines, electrical parts) of 792 2.1 2.0 2.7 2.1 3.5 2.6 2.6 
Table AI.1 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/S/272 Trade Policy Review 
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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 
   Textiles 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.1 1. 6 1.5 1.2 
   Clothing 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 
   Other consumer goods 6.2 6.7 6.6 6.6 7.3 7.2 7.4 
         8742 Calculating instruments; 
 measuring or checking 
 instruments, n.e.s. 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.8 
         8722 Instruments used in medical, 
 surgical or veterinary sciences 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 
Other 12.9 13.3 19.6 2.4 1.4 0.8 0.9 
   Gold 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 
 
Source: WTO Secretariat estimates, based on UNSD, Comtrade database SITC Rev.3 data. Israel WT/TPR/S/272 
 Page 89 
 
 
Table AI.2 
Merchandise imports by group of products, 2005-11 
(US$ million and %)  
 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 
Total (US$ million) 45,032.4 47,834.4 56,619.4 65,170. 5 47,362.7 59, 193.9 73,526.1 
 (%) 
Total primary products 23.4 24.5 25.0 29.7 27.2 27.8 28.5 
   Agriculture 6.5 6.8 7.1 7.8 8.8 8.5 8.3 
      Food 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.7 7.6 7.3 7.2 
         0112 Bovine meat, frozen 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 
         0449 Other maize, un milled 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 
      Agricultural raw material 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 
   Mining 16.9 17.7 17.9 22.0 18.5 19.3 20.2 
      Ores and other minerals 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.4 
      Non-ferrous metals 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.2 
      Fuels 15.0 15.6 15.8 19.7 17.0 17.6 18.5 
         3330 Crude oils of petroleum and 
 bituminous minerals 8.7 10.0 9.1 12.4 10.8 11.3 11.8 
         3212 Other coal, whether or 
 pulverized, not agglomerated 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.7 2.4 2.1 2.1 
Manufactures 75.9 74.7 74.2 69.7 72.1 71.6 71.0 
   Iron and steel 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.1 2.4 2.7 
   Chemicals 10.2 11.2 10.7 10.9 11.9 11.4 10.7 
         5429 Medicaments, n.e.s. 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.4 2.0 1.8 
         5157 Other heterocyclic compounds; 
 nucleic acids 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 
         5711 Polyethylene 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 
   Other semi-manufactures 26.4 23.9 22.8 19.3 16.7 19.5 19.5 
         6672 Diamonds (excl. industrial, 
 sorted) not mounted/set 21.3 18.9 17.7 14.3 11.2 14.1 14.6 
   Machinery and transport equipment 27.6 27.5 28.5 27.7 30.5 28.3 28.8 
      Power generating machines 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.7 0.9 1.1 
      Other non-electrical machinery 4.7 5.4 6.5 6.8 5.6 5.2 7.5 
         7284 Machinery and appliances for 
 particular industries, n.e.s. 0.3 0.7 1.7 2.0 0.6 0.4 2.2 
         Agricultural machinery and tractors 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 
      Office machines & telecommunication 
 equipment 9.6 9.4 8.6 8.1 9.9 9.3 8.8 
         7764 Electronic integrated circuits and 
 microassemblies 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.9 
         7643 Radio or television transmission 
 apparatus 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.3 
         7522 Data processing machines, with 
 at least processing, input and  output units 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 
         7611 Color television r eceivers 0.4 0.5 0. 6 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.5 
         7523 Digital processing units 
 containing: storage, input or 
 output units 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 
      Other electrical machines 5.0 4.4 4.1 3.7 4.2 4.0 3.6 
         7725 Switches, relays, fuses etc. for a 
 voltage not exceeding 1000 V 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 
         7731 Insulated wire, cable etc.; optical 
 fibre cables 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 
      Automotive products 5.3 5.4 5.9 6.2 7.1 7.2 6.4 
         7812 Motor vehicles for the transport 
 of persons, n.e.s. 3.6 3.6 4.1 4.1 5.2 5.2 4.6 
         7821 Goods vehicles 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.0 
Table AI.2 (cont'd)  WT/TPR/S/272 Trade Policy Review 
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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 
      Other transport equipment 1.7 1.7 2.4 2.0 2.1 1.6 1.3 
         7929 Parts, n.e.s., (excl. tyres, engines, 
 electrical parts) of 792 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 
   Textiles 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.2 1. 4 1.3 1.1 
   Clothing 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.9 
   Other consumer goods 6.3 6.6 6.5 6.1 7.3 6.8 6.3 
Other 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 
   Gold 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 
 
Source: WTO Secretariat estimates, based on UNSD,  Comtrade database  SITC Rev.3 data. 
 
 
  Israel WT/TPR/S/272 
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Table AI.3 
Merchandise imports by trading partner, 2005-11 
(US$ million and %) 
 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 
Total (US$ million) 45,032.4 47,834.4 56,619.4 65,170. 5 47,362.7 59, 193.9 73,526.1 
 (%) 
  America 16.4 15.3 16.8 15.0 14.4 13.4 13.8 
    United States 13.5 12.4 13.9 12.3 12.4 11.3 11.8 
    Other America 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.0 2.1 2.0 
      Canada 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 
  Europe 47.5 46.4 44.6 43.6 47.0 43.2 43.1 
    EU(27) 39.1 37.7 36.5 34.5 36.9 34.5 34.6 
      Germany 6.6 6.7 6.2 6.0 7.1 6.2 6.2 
      Belgium 10.1 8.2 7.9 6.5 5.4 6.0 6.1 
      Italy 3.8 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.5 4.1 4.2 
      United Kingdom 5.7 5.1 4.7 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8 
      The Netherlands 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.5 3.8 
      France 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.2 
      Spain 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.6 
      Ireland 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.4 
      Sweden 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 
    EFTA 5.7 6.0 5.2 6.2 7.1 5.7 5.6 
      Switzerland 5.5 5.9 5.1 6.1 6.9 5.4 5.4 
    Other Europe 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.0 
      Turkey 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 
  Commonwealth of Independent St ates 2.9 2.9 2.8 1.9 1.3 1.6 1.8 
      Russian Federation 2.3 2.4 2.5 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.4 
  Africa 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.5 
  Middle East 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 
  Asia 18.1 19.7 21.1 21.2 21.5 22.6 22.1 
    China 4.2 5.1 6.1 6.5 7.4 8.0 7.4 
    Japan 2.7 2.7 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.3 
    Six East Asian Traders 7.7 8.1 7.9 7.4 7.4 7.7 7.7 
      Hong Kong, China 2.8 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.3 2.4 2.5 
      Korea, Rep. of 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.2 
      Singapore 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.1 
      Chinese Taipei 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 
      Thailand 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 
    Other Asia 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.9 3.7 
      India 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.4 3.1 2.9 
  Other 14.3 15.1 13.9 17.0 14.5 18.1 18.4 
      Areas n.e.s 14.3 15.1 13.9 17.0 14.5 18.1 18.4 
 
Source:  WTO Secretariat estimates, based on UNSD, Comtrade database SITC Rev.3 data. WT/TPR/S/272 Trade Policy Review 
Page 92 
  
Table AI.4 
Merchandise exports by trading partner, 2005-11 
(US$ million and %) 
 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 
Total (US$ million) 42,770.7 46,791.9 54,091.4 61,337. 5 47,934.6 58, 413.0 67,796.3 
 (%) 
  America 40.5 42.6 39.3 37.8 39.8 37.0 33.5 
    United States 36.2 38.4 35.0 32.6 35.0 31.7 28.7 
    Other America 4.2 4.2 4.4 5.2 4.8 5.3 4.8 
      Brazil 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.3 
      Canada 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.2 
  Europe 33.8 31.8 34.0 34.0 30.5 30.6 33.0 
    EU(27) 29.3 28.1 29.6 29.1 25.9 26.3 27.9 
      Belgium 8.6 6.6 7.5 7.5 4.9 5.3 5.6 
      United Kingdom 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.1 3.0 3.9 5.1 
      The Netherlands 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 
      Germany 3.1 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.9 
      France 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 
      Italy 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.0 
      Spain 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.5 
      Cyprus 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 
    EFTA 2.3 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.2 
      Switzerland 2.1 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.1 
    Other Europe 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.9 
      Turkey 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.7 
  Commonwealth of Independent Stat es  1.7 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.1 
      Russian Federation 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 
  Africa 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.7 
  Middle East 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 
  Asia 18.3 18.6 18.0 19.8 19.5 23.8 24.4 
    China 1.7 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.2 3.5 4.0 
    Japan 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 
    Six East Asian Traders 10.2 10.5 10.0 10.6 10.7 12.5 12.8 
      Hong Kong, China 5.5 5.9 5.8 6.8 6.0 6.7 7.9 
      Chinese Taipei 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.2 
      Korea, Rep. of 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.1 
      Malaysia 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 1.4 1.1 
      Thailand 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 
    Other Asia 4.5 4.3 4.7 5.7 5.5 6.6 6.3 
      India 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.8 3.8 4.9 4.5 
  Other 3.6 2.5 3.9 3.0 5.0 3.7 3.9 
      Areas n.e.s 3.6 2.5 3.9 3.0 5.0 3.7 3.9 
 
Source: WTO Secretariat estimates, based on UNSD, Comtrade database SITC Rev.3 data. 
 Israel WT/TPR/S/272 
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Table AII.1 
Notifications to the WTO, January 2006 to May 2012 
Legal provision Description of requirement Frequency WTO document (most recent) 
Agreement on Agriculture  
Article 5.7 and 18.2 Special safeguard  Annual G/AG/N/ISR/43, 14 December 2009  
Articles 10 and 18.2 Export subsidies Annual G/AG/N/ISR/46, 14 February 2011  
Article 18.2 Imports under tariff quotas  Annual G/AG/N/ISR/44, 23 April 2010 
Articles 18.2 and 18.3 Domestic support A nnual and ad hoc G/AG/N/ISR/47, 15 March 2011  
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures  
Article 7 and Annex B Proposed SPS regulations 
(including proposed or emergency measures) Ad hoc G/SPS/N/ISR/9/Rev.1, 19 July 2011 
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade  
Articles 2, 3, 5 and 7 Proposed and adopted technical 
regulations Before or 
immediately after the 
measure is taken. G/TBT/N/ISR/514, 25 July 2011 
Article 10.1 and 10.3 Enquiry point Once, then  changes G/TBT/2/Add.72/Suppl.2, 3 December 2010 
Article 15.2 Implementation and administration 
measures Once, then changes G/TBT/2/Add.72/Suppl.2, 3 December 2010 
Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 (Anti -Dumping)  
Article 16.4 Anti-dumping actions taken over 
the past six months Biannual G/ADP/N/216/ISR, 23 January 2012 
Article 18.5 Laws and regulations Once, then changes G/ADP/N/1/ISR/3 and Corr.1, 24 January 2006 
and 7 April 2006 
Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures  
Articles 1.4(a), 8.2(b) Laws and regulations Once, then changes G/LIC/N/1/ISR/1 - G/LIC/ N/2/ISR/1, 19 October 
2006 
 
Article 5 Import licensing procedures Ad hoc G/LIC/N/1/ISR/1 - G/LIC/ N/2/ISR/1, 19 October 
2006 
Article 7.3 Questionnaire Annual G/LIC/N/3/ISR/1, 19 October 2006  
Agreement on Subsidies a nd Countervailing Measures  
Article 25.1 Article XVI:1 of the GATT 1994 
and Article 25 of the SCM 
Agreement. Full notifications 
every three years;  
annual updating G/SCM/N/155/ISR, 11 November 2011 
Article 25.11 Countervailing duties applied over 
the past six months Biannual No new notifica tion during review period  
Article 32.6 Laws and regulations Once, th en changes G/SCM/N/1/ISR/3,24 January 2006 
 
Agreement on Safeguards  
Article 12.6 Laws and regulations Once, then changes G/SG/N/1/ISR/2/Suppl.1, 14 January 2009 
Article 12.1(a) Initiation of an investiga tion Ad hoc G/SG/N/6/ISR/2, 12 January 2011 
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of  Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)  
Article 63.2 Laws and regulations Once, then changes IP/N/1/ISR/C/10, 29 May 2008 
Agreement on Government Procurement  
WTO document GPA/1, 
Annex 3 National threshold Biannual GPA/W/314/Add.7, 4 April 2012 
Article XIX.5 Procurement statis tics Annual No notification made  
Article XXIV.5(b) National legislati on Ad hoc  GPA/97, 17 February 2009  
 
Source : WTO Secretariat. WT/TPR/S/272 Trade Policy Review 
Page 94 
  
Table AII.2 
Selected foreign ownership limitations by sector, 2012  
Sector Legal base Limitation 
Air transport services Aviation Law, 1927; 
Licensing of Aviation Services Law, 1963 Foreign ownership is limited to  49% of the airline's capital. 
Maritime transport services Maritime Law (maritime 
vessel), 1960 (a) foreign ownership is limited to  49% of Israeli flag vessels;   
(b) majority control by Israeli nationals is required for the provision of 
port services open to international shipping. 
Telecommunications and 
broadcasting Communication Law, 1982; 
Second Authority for 
Television and Radio Law, 
1990 (a) international communications services: a foreign operator may hold  
up to 49% of the controlling interest of  a licensee and at least 26% of the 
control in a licensee must be held by nationals who are residents of 
Israel; 
(b) domestic licensed fixed line services:  the controlling interest must be 
held by an Israeli individual or a co rporation incorporated in Israel in 
which an Israeli individual holds at least 20% interest; 
(c) radio and mobile telephone services : at least 20% of the shares must 
be held by Israeli residents; 
(d) satellite broadcasting: at least 26%  of the controlling interest in a 
licensee must be held by nationals who are residents of Israel; 
(e) cable broadcasting: at least 26% of the controlling interest in the 
licensee must be held by nationals who are residents of Israel; and a license may not be granted to an  applicant in which a foreign 
government holds shares, unless the Minister of Communications 
authorises an indirect holding in the licensee of up to 10% by such an applicant; 
(f) commercial television and regi onal radio: at least 51% of the 
controlling interest in the concession must be held by nationals who are 
residents of Israel. 
Electricity Electricity Economy Law, 
1996 The maximum share of investment in a company licensed to transmit, 
distribute or produce a substantial part of electricity to be held, directly 
or indirectly, by a non-resident, is subject to a determination by the 
Minister of National Infrastructures;  and the controlling interest of the 
company must be held by a national who is a resident of Israel. 
Oil refining Vital Interest Orders; 
Government Companies Law, 
2003 Limitation regarding control or holdi ngs of 5% or more or holding a 
significant influence in the company by a hostile State, a citizen or 
resident of a hostile State, a corporat e body registered or incorporated or 
whose main business is in a hostile State, and a company controlled by a 
citizen and resident of a hostile State. 
Tour guides Tourism Services La w, 1976 Tourist guides must be Israeli residents or citizens. 
 
Source : OECD (1 March 2012), Accession of Israel to the OECD, Re view of International Investment Policies, Paris.  
Viewed at :  http://www.oecd.org/israel/49864025.pdf  Israel WT/TPR/S/272 
 Page 95 
 
 
Table AIII.1 
Applied MFN tariff averages by HS2-digit level, 2012 
HS Description No. of lines Average 
(%) Range  
(%) Share of 
duty-free 
lines (%) Share of 
non- ad 
valorem  
tariff lines 
(%) 
 Total/Average 8,505 7.0 0-560 54.6 6.7 
01 Live animals 50 15.4 0-170 64.0 30.0 
02 Meat and edible meat offal 86 62.9 0-190 14.0 43.0 
03 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic 
invertebrates 281 7.5 0-35 36.3 44.1 
04 Dairy produce;  birds' eggs;  natural honey;  edible 
products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or 
included 58 99.7 0-212 6.9 31.0 
05 Products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or 
included 20 1.6 0-8.5 80.0 0.0 
06 Live trees and other plants;  bulbs, roots and the like;  
cut flowers and ornamental foliage 33 12.4 0-30 27.3 0.0 
07 Edible vegetables and certain r oots and tubers 110 55.3 0-344 13.6 47.3 
08 Edible fruit and nuts;  peel of citrus fruit or melons 107 51.9 0-560 3.7 50.5 
09 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 50 5.3 0-15 38.0 8.0 
10 Cereals 28 12.1 0-74 67.9 3.6 
11 Products of the milling industry;  malt;  starches;  
inulin;  wheat gluten 33 4.9 0-20 45.5 6.1 
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits;  misc grains, seeds 
and fruit;  industrial or medicinal plants;  straw and 
fodder 64 5.6 0-105 65.6 14.1 
13 Lac;  gums, resins a nd other vegetable saps and 
extracts 14 2.9 0-12 64.3 0.0 
14 Vegetable plaiting material s;  vegetable products not 
elsewhere specified or included 8 11.3 0-78 75.0 12.5 
15 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage 
products;  prepared edible fats;  animal or vegetable 
waxes 109 7.4 0-54 37.6 9.2 
16 Preparations of meat, of  fish or of crustaceans, 
molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates 65 15.2 0-55 10.8 21.5 
17 Sugars and sugar confectio nery 28 3.8 0-21 60.7 32.1 
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 16 1.4 0-12 87.5 6.3 
19 Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk;  pastry 
cooks' products 51 10.9 0-112 31.4 31.4 
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts 
of plants 155 15.5 0-60 18.1 20.0 
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 40 12.2 0-40 12.5 17.5 
22 Beverages, spirits and vi negar 45 16.2 0-51 6.7 44.4 
23 Residues and waste from the food industries;  
prepared animal fodder 26 2.3 0-8 42.3 0.0 
24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco  substitutes 15 2. 2 0-12 60.0 20.0 
25 Salt;  sulphur;  earths and stone;  plastering materials, 
lime and cement 69 0.2 0-12 98.6 0.0 
26 Ores, slag and ash 37 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 
27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their 
distillation;  bituminous substances;  mineral waxes 64 0.6 0-8 92.2 0.0 
28 Inorganic chemicals;  organic or inorganic 
compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, 
of radioactive elements or of isotopes 168 0.4 0-12 96.4 0.0 
29 Organic chemicals 367 0.2 0-12 97.3 0.0 
30 Pharmaceutical products 59 3.2 0-12 66.1 0.0 
31 Fertilizers 25 5.3 0-8 32.0 0.0 
32 Tanning or dyeing extracts;  tannins and their 
derivatives;  dyes, pigmen ts and other colouring 
matter;  paints and varnishes;  putty and other 
mastics;  inks 58 1.5 0-6 75.9 0.0 
33 Essential oils and resinoids ;  perfumery, cosmetic or 
toilet preparations 34 8.8 0-12 20.6 0.0 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/272 Trade Policy Review 
Page 96 
  
HS Description No. of lines Average 
(%) Range  
(%) Share of 
duty-free 
lines (%) Share of 
non- ad 
valorem  
tariff lines 
(%) 
34 Soap, organic surface- active agents, washing 
preparations, lubricating preparations, artificial waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring 
preparations, candles and similar articles, modelling 
pastes, dental waxes and dental preparations with a basis 35 1.7 0-12 85.7 0.0 
35 Albuminoidal substances;  modified starches;  glues;  
enzymes 18 6.2 0-12 33.3 16.7 
36 Explosives;  pyrotechnic products;  matches;  
pyrophoric alloys;  certain combustible preparations 9 6.0 0-12 22.2 0.0 
37 Photographic or cinematogr aphic goods 33 0.5 0-8 93.9 0.0 
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 104 1.9 0-12 83.7 0.0 
39 Plastics and articles thereof 206 3.5 0-12 62.6 0.0 
40 Rubber and articles thereof 148 4.8 0-12 49.3 0.0 
41 Raw hides and skins (other than fu rskins) and leather 37 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 
42 Articles of animal gut (other than silk-worm gut) 34 9.0 0-12 14.7 5.9 
43 Furskins and artificial fur;  manufactures thereof 14 2.3 0-12 78.6 0.0 
44 Wood and articles of wood;  wood charcoal 85 0.1 0-12 98.8 0.0 
45 Cork and articles of cork 7 1.4 0-10 85.7 0.0 
46 Manufactures of straw, of esparto or of other plaiting 
materials;  basketware and wickerwork 11 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 
47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic material;  
recovered (waste and scra p) paper and paperboard 21 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 
48 Paper and paperboard;  articles of paper pulp, of 
paper or of paperboard 127 4.1 0-12 59.8 0.0 
49 Printed books, newspape rs, pictures and other 
products of the printing industry;  manuscripts, typescripts and plans 29 2.5 0-12 79.3 0.0 
50 Silk 9 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 
51 Wool, fine or coarse anim al hair;  horsehair yarn and 
woven fabric 39 1.9 0-12 84.6 0.0 
52 Cotton 154 4.8 0-12 59.7 0.0 
53 Other vegetable textile fibres;  paper yarn and woven 
fabrics of paper yarn 23 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 
54 Man-made filaments 194 0.4 0-12 96.4 0.0 
55 Man-made staple fibres 133 5.2 0-12 56.4 0.0 
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens;  special yarns;  twine, 
cordage, ropes and cables and articles thereof 53 4.5 0-12 60.4 0.0 
57 Carpets and other textile floor  coverings 39 8. 1 0-12 2.6 46.2 
58 Special woven fabrics;  tufted textile fabrics;  lace;  
tapestries;  trimmings;  embroidery 173 10.0 0-12 9.3 27.2 
59 Impregnated, coated, c overed or laminated textile 
fabrics;  textile articles of a kind suitable for 
industrial use 108 9.7 0-14 11.1 17.6 
60 Knitted or crocheted fabr ics 46 11.7 0- 12 2.2 0.0 
61 Articles of apparel a nd clothing accessories, knitted 
or crocheted 123 8.7 0-12 26.8 0.0 
62 Articles of apparel a nd clothing accessories, not 
knitted or crocheted 143 7.3 0-12 37.1 4.2 
63 Other made up textile articles;  sets;  worn clothing 
and worn textile articles;  rags 68 9.5 0-12 17.7 1.5 
64 Footwear, gaiters and the like;  parts of such articles 31 10.1 0-12 16.1 0.0 
65 Headgear and parts thereof 10 2.2 0-12 80.0 0.0 
66 Umbrellas, sun umbrellas,  walking-sticks, seat-sticks, 
whips, riding-crops and parts thereof 6 1.7 0-10 83.3 0.0 
67 Prepared feathers and down and articles made of 
feathers or of down;  artificial flowers;  articles of 
human hair 9 4.0 0-12 66.7 0.0 
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or 
similar materials 71 4.9 0-12 39.4 0.0 
69 Ceramic products 45 4.9 0-12 51.1 0.0 
70 Glass and glassware 108 4.8 0-12 54.6 0.9 
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)Israel WT/TPR/S/272 
 Page 97 
 
 
HS Description No. of lines Average 
(%) Range  
(%) Share of 
duty-free 
lines (%) Share of 
non- ad 
valorem  
tariff lines 
(%) 
71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious 
stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof;  imitation jewellery;  coin 79 4.3 0-12 57.0 0.0 
72 Iron and steel 377 1.4 0-10 81.2 5.0 
73 Articles of iron or steel 247 5.2 0-12 45.3 0.4 
74 Copper and articles thereof 101 3.6 0-12 56.4 0.0 
75 Nickel and articles thereof 17 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 87 4.4 0-12 47.1 0.0 
78 Lead and articles thereof 10 0.6 0-6 90.0 0.0 
79 Zinc and articles thereof 9 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 
80 Tin and articles thereof 8 2.3 0-6 62.5 0.0 
81 Other base metals;  cermets;  articles thereof 48 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 
82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base 
metal;  parts thereof of base metal 106 6.2 0-12 38.7 6.6 
83 Miscellaneous articles of ba se metal 55 6.6 0-12 32.7 0.0 
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical 
appliances;  parts thereof 983 4.3 0-12 54.8 0.2 
85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts 
thereof;  sound recorders and reproducers, television 
image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 603 4.0 0-12 62.2 1.2 
86 Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and 
parts thereof;  railway or tramway track fixtures and 
fittings and parts thereof;  mechanical (including electro-mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of 
all kinds 23 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 
87 Vehicles other than railw ay or tramway rolling-stock, 
and parts and accessories thereof 232 4.5 0-12 36.2 0.0 
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and part s thereof 20 0. 6 0-12 95.0 0.0 
89 Ships, boats and floating structures 26 2.8 0-12 76.9 0.0 
90 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, 
checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments 
and apparatus;  parts and accessories thereof 270 3.3 0-12 58.9 0.4 
91 Clocks and watches and part s thereof 63 3.1 0-12 68.3 0.0 
92 Musical instruments;  parts and accessories of such 
articles 17 0.0 0 100.0 0.0 
93 Arms and ammunition;  parts and accessories thereof 21 0.6 0-12 95.2 0.0 
94 Furniture;  bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, 
cushions and similar stuffed furnishings;  lamps and lighting fittings, not elsewher e specified or included;  
illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates 92 9.6 0-12 13.0 0.0 
95 Toys, games and sports requisites;  parts and 
accessories thereof 38 4.0 0-12 65.8 0.0 
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 79 9.3 0-12 16.5 5.1 
97 Works of art, collectors' pieces  and antiques 18 5.9 0-12 50.0 0.0 
 
Note: Calculations of averages are based on national ta riff line level (HS 9-digit), excluding in-quota rates. 
 
Source : WTO Secretariat estimates, based on data provided by the authorities. WT/TPR/S/272 Trade Policy Review 
Page 98 
  
Table AIII.2 
Duty concessions and exemptions on commercial imports  
Scheme and coverage  Incentives 
End-use provision schemes 
Importers listed in the Customs Tariff Book Duty-free on 201 items in total 
Duty-drawback system   
Any exporter  Refund of customs duty a nd domestic internal taxes paid on 
imported inputs after realization of export  
Temporary imports   
Any importer for temporary use on government procurement 
projects Duty free imports 
Programme under the Petroleum Law of 1952  
Holders of petroleum rights and contractors operating on their 
behalf Duty-free imports 
Programme under the Petroleum Pipeline Concession Law 
of 1968   
Petroleum Services Co. Ltd.;  Oil Refineries Co. Ltd. Duty-free imports   
Conditional Exemption – Permanent import   
 Non-denatured ethyl alcohol for the production of 
alcoholic beverages, me dications and vinegar. 
 Taxies, sightseeing vehicles, hearses and ambulances Free of purchase tax subject to the approval of the competent 
authorities 
 
 
Source : Israeli authorities. 
 Israel WT/TPR/S/272 
 Page 99 
 
 
Table AIII.3 
Main incentive schemes for res earch & development, May 2012 
Programme/description Eligibility criteria Incentive Annual  
budgetary 
expenditures(US$ million) 
R&D Fund   
 
Industrial research aimed at the 
discovery of new knowledge for the development or substantial improvement 
of new products or processes.  
Administered by OCS. Companies in all sectors are eligible  Grants of up to 50% of approved 
R&D expenditures; repayable as 
a percentage of total revenues 
derived from the sale of the newly developed product, up to 
the entire amount of the grant in 
U.S. dollar terms, with the addition of yearly interest (Libor 
rate) 2006:159 
2007:194 
2008:262 
2009:296 2010:283 
2011:269 
Long-term R&D s upport for large 
investors in industrial R&D  
 
To encourage and support substantial 
investments in long-term industrial 
R&D. Administered by OCS.  Over 200 R&D employees or an 
annual R&D budget exceeding US$20 million; yearly revenues 
exceeding US$100 million. 
Repayment of all royalties due to the OCS for support received under the Law for the Encouragement of 
Industrial Research and Development Grants of up to 50% of approved 
R&D expenditures 2006:21 
2007:23  2008:20 
2009:21 
2010:20 2011:18 
Incubators programme  
 
To promote and support the creation of 
start-up companies based on innovative new products and technologies. 
Administered by OCS. Initiated by an individual (not an 
existing company) to develop a 
product with export potential; criteria 
depend on  incubator type (technology, biotechnology, 
"technology-based"); stay within 
incubator for 2-3 years Grants of up to 85% of approved 
R&D expenses, with a maximum 
of NIS 2.0-2.3 million for 
2 years; repayment through royalties in case of commercial 
success of the project (3%-3.5%)  2006:33 
2007:33 
2008:50 
2009:50 2010:45 
2011:44 
Magnet programs : 
 
To encourage the development of innovative generic technologies through 
cooperation between academic research 
institutes and industry. Administered by 
OCS. Crucial for competitiveness of 
participating companies; technology 
unavailable at competitive prices and delivery schedules; R&D must be 
economically justified  2006:41 2007:46 
2008:53 2009:58 
2010:57 
2011:63 (includes (a), 
(b) and (c) 
below)  
(a) Magnet Consortia  
 
Supports the formation of consortia between companies 
and academic institutions to 
jointly develop generic, pre-competitive technologies. Consortia of at least three companies 
and one academic institution Grants for participating 
companies of up to 66% of total 
eligible expenses; no royalty payments included 
above  
(b) Magneton  
 
To support applied academic research in order to promote the 
transfer of  technology to 
industry Cooperation between an industrial 
company and an academic research 
institute Grants up to 66% (maximum of  
NIS3.4 million in 2 years); no 
royalty payments included 
above  
(c) Noffar 
 
To encourage applied research activities in biotechnology and 
nanotechnology implemented 
by scientific research institutes.  Research institutes   Grants up to 90% of the approved 
expenses (maximum of 
NIS 420,000 for up 15 months); 
no royalty payments  included 
above  
Table AIII.3 (cont'd) WT/TPR/S/272 Trade Policy Review 
Page 100 
  
Programme/description Eligibility criteria Incentive Annual  
budgetary expenditures
(US$ million) 
(d) Kamin  
 
To encourage applied research activities by scientific research 
institutes 
 Research institutes  Grants up to 90% of the approved 
expenses. No royalty payments.  included above  
Tnufa Program  
 
To encourage and support entrepreneurs 
to build a prototype, register a patent, 
design a business plan, etc; administered by OCS. Entrepreneurs with a plan to promote 
a new innovative technological idea Grants of up to 85% of approved 
expenses for a maximum of NIS 210,000 2006: 2.8 
2007: 3.2 2008: 4.0 
2009: 4.3 
2010: 4 2011: 4 
Research Institutions 
 
Designed for research institutions with 
clear linkage to the industry, to 
strengthen their technology infrastructure in order to develop 
technologies and products relevant for 
industry but that cannot be fully developed by industry; administered by 
OCS.  Any research instit ute that is an 
independent legal entity, employs a team of researchers with proven 
scientific and technological ability, 
maintains equipment for conducting and testing R&D in industry, and 
obtains at least 30% of its revenue 
from research and testing for industry  Grants of up to 90% of approved 
expenses.
 2006:1.4 2007:1.5 2008:1.3 
2009:3.8 
2010: 2.9 2011:2.1 
Employment grant programme for 
high salaries (R&D centres ) 
 
Grants to complement incentives under the Law for the Encouragement of 
Capital Investment; administered by 
Israel Investment Centre. Minimum number of employees: 15;  
average salary must be at least 2.5 
times the average salary in Israel 
(about US$5,000); must be located in the country’s periphery (priority 
area A)  35-45% grant of the salary in the 
first year, depending on number 
of new employees, declining to 
5% in the final fourth year. If a firm employs more than 130 
employees with high salaries, it is 
eligible for 40% grant of the salary for 4 years. 2011:56 
Project Center for multinational 
companies  
 
To encourage multinational companies 
to conduct joint research with Israeli 
partner; launched in 2008 Turnover of at least US$2.5 billion; 
must be traditional or mixed industry Grants of 40% of operating 
expenses or 50% of investment by Israeli partner, whichever is lower. 2008:0.6 
2009: 0.5 2010:1 2011:1.3 
Financial R&D Centers Support 
Programme  
 
Directed at foreign multinational 
financial and banking corporations; 
administered by OCS. Company must be foreign investor 
and operate in the financial sector; 
turnover of at least US$10 billion; employment obligation: 25-80 R&D 
personnel  Grants from 25-40% over 5 years 
(10% higher in priority area A) of 
approved expenses.   2011:3.6  
 
Source : Office of the Chief Scientist. Israel WT/TPR/S/272 
 Page 101 
 
 
Table AIII.4  
Summary of intellectual property  protection in Israel, May 2012 
Form and main legislation Coverage Selected exclusions and 
limitations Duration 
Copyright and related rights  
 
Copyright Act 2007; Performers' and Broadcasters' Rights Law 1984; Copyright 
(Convention for Protection of Producers of 
Phonograms) Order 1978; Copyright (United States of America) Order 1953, Copyright 
(Berne Convention) Order, 1950; Copyright 
(TRIPS) Order, 1999;  Copyright (Rome 
Convention) Order, 2002 Original literary, dramatic, 
musical, and artistic works, 
(including computer programs, films, sound recordings);  
Rental and moral rights;  
Related rights include performers' and broadcasters' rights Fair use Life of the author plus 
70 years;  50 years 
from the making of the sound recording;  50 years for performances 
Patents  
 
Patents Law, 1967 as amended; Patents 
(Jurisdiction of District Court at Tel Aviv 
Yafo) Order 5729-1969 Products and processes that are 
new, useful, and involve an 
inventive step Methods of therapeutic 
treatment of the human 
body; new varieties of 
plants and animals, 
except microbiological organisms not derived from nature 20 years from the date 
of filing; patents for 
medicaments may be 
extended for up to an 
additional 5 years in appropriate circumstances 
Industrial designs  
 
Patents and Design Ordinance as amended Designs that are novel or 
original and have not been 
previously published in Israel Non-commercial use Up to 15 years from 
date of application 
Trade marks  
 
Trade Marks Ordinance, 1972 as amended.  Passing off pursuant to Commercial Wrongs Law, 1999. Trade marks, service marks, 
collective marks and 
certification marks Marks contrary to 
morality or public 
policy; deceptive marks 
and non-distinct marks 10 years from filing, 
renewable for 
additional periods of 10 years for as long as the mark is used 
Geographical indications and appellations 
of origin  
 
Appellations of Origin and Geographical 
Indications (Protection) Law, 1965 as 
amended; Trade Marks Ordinance Registered appellations of 
origin pursuant to the Lisbon 
Agreement on Appellations of 
Origin; geographical 
indications In accordance with the 
Lisbon Agreement and 
the TRIPS Agreement For as long as 
protected in the 
country of origin 
Undisclosed Information  
 
Commercial Wrongs Law, 1999; Pharmacists Ordinance (section 47D) Trade secrets, including 
information not generally 
known or readily accessible 
that has commercial value;  
certain types of confidential test data filed with the Ministry of Health Independently created 
information Trade secrets are 
protected for as long as 
the information is 
maintained in 
confidence;  test data will be protected for up to 5 years 
New plant varieties  
 
Plant Breeders' Rights Law New plant varieties, uniform 
and stable in their basic 
characteristics;  foreign 
applications in accordance with 
UPOV Limited experimental 
uses Generally 20 years 
from date of 
registration;  25 years 
for varieties of vines, fruit trees, forest trees, 
and other perennial 
plants.  
Layout designs of integrated circuits  
 
Integrated Circuits Law Original integrated circuits Fair dealing type 
exceptions The earlier of 10 years 
from date of first sale 
or 15 years from date of creation 
 
Source : WTO Secretariat. WT/TPR/S/272 Trade Policy Review 
Page 102 
  
Table AIV.1 
WTO tariff quotas, 2011  
Item (HS code) Tariff quota 
commitment 
(tonnes) Actual imports  
2011 (tonnes) Administration method 
1. Walnuts 
 0802.31 and 
0802.32 170 4,065 TRQ not implemented since 
applied MFN tariff is equal to or 
lower than bound in-of-qutoa tarif f
2. Wheat and meslin  1001 450,000 1.6 million First-come-first-served 
3.  Edible fats and oils  1516.1110 750 0 TRQ not implemented since 
applied MFN tariff is equal to or 
lower than bound in-of-quota tarif f
4. Sweet corn  2005.8000 350 2,389 Lottery 
5. Citrus juice, concentrated  
 2009.10 
2009.20 
2009.30 160 
 20,932  
11,989 
6,707  Lottery 
6. Bovine, live and meat  0102.10 
0102.90 0201 
0202 
0206.10 0206.20 
1601 
1602 1603 37,250 0  
9,874  0  
73,971  
0  2,532  
0  
32  0  TRQ not implemented since 
applied MFN tariff is equal to or lower than bound in-of-quota tarif
f
7. Sheep and goats, fresh  0204 480 1,728 TRQ not implemented since 
applied MFN tariff is equal to or 
lower than bound in-of-quota tarif f
8. Milk and cream < 1.5%   0402.10 1,200 5,937 Lottery 
9. Milk and cream >1.5%   0402.20 100 2,615 Allocated to food industry 
(approved processors) 
10. Processed cheese  0406.30 68 273 First-come-first-served 
11. Other cheese  0406.90 1,080 1,606 First-come-first-served 
12. Prunes  0813.20 600 2,182 First-come-first-served 
 
Source:  Information provided by the Israeli authorities. 
__________